Ang Sahitya Manan aur Mimansa

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Suresh Sisodiya
Publisher: Agam Ahimsa Samta Evam Prakrit Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004256/1

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Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA : 19 samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pavvaiye aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dika pro. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sureza sisodiyA savvatthesu samaM care savvaM jagaM tu samayANupehI piyamappiyaM kassa vi no karejjA sammattadaMsI na karei pAva sammatta diTThi sayA amUDhe samiyAe muni hoi Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura

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aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA * sampAdaka pro. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. sureza sisodiyA prakAzaka Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura - 313 002 (rAja.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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. pustaka : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sampAdaka : pro. sAgaramala jaina : DaoN. sureza sisodiyA prakAzaka Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna padminI mArga, udayapura - 313 002 (rAja.) saMskaraNa : prathama, 2001-2002 mUlya : rupaye 150.00 mudraka : caudharI oNphaseTa prA.li., udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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Anga Sahitya : Manana Aura Mimansa Editors PROF. SAGARAMAL JAIN DR. SURESH SISODIYA ww IT 327 frit Www 11 www pa MMMM Publisher Agama Ahimsa Samata Evam Prakrit Samsthana Udaipur - 313 002 (Raj.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Book Editors : PROF. SAGARAMAL JAIN : DR. SURESH SISODIYA Published by Agama Ahimsa Samata Evam Prakrit Samsthana Padmini Marg, Udaipur 313 002 (Raj.) Edition : Anga Sahitya: Manana Aura Mimansa Price First, 2001-2002 : Rs. 150.00 Printed by: Choudhary Offset Pvt. Ltd., Udaipur For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya sAhitya samAja kA pratibimba hotA hai| isa dRSTi se ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya jaina samAja aura sAhitya kA pratibimba mAnA jA sakatA hai| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, cUlikA aura prakIrNakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| Agama sAhitya meM aMga AgamoM kI upAdeyatA sarvopari hai| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zrI sAdhumArgI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, nimbAher3A dvArA samatA vibhUti sva. AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma.sA. ke suziSya tatkAlIna yuvAcArya pravara zrI rAmalAla jI ma. sA. ke sAnidhya meM 25 navambara 1996 ko samatA zikSA sevA saMsthAna, dezanoka evaM Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura ke akAdamI sahayoga se "aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA" viSayaka dvi-divasIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| saMgoSThI meM jaina vidyA ke labdha pratiSThita vidvAnoM ne pratyeka aMga Agama kA vizad adhyayana kara apanA zodha-patra prastuta kiyA thaa| saMgoSThI ke antima satra meM yaha vicAra ubhara kara sAmane AyA ki aMga Agama sAhitya kI viSaya-vastu se jana sAmAnya paricita ho sake, isa hetu saMgoSThI meM paThita AlekhoM ko prakAzita kiyA jAnA caahie| tadanurUpa "aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' ke nAma se ina AlekhoM kA yaha saMkalana prastuta kara rahe haiN| saMgoSThI Ayojana hetu hama zrI sAdhumArgI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, nimbAher3A ke AbhArI haiM tathA ina AlekhoM ko prakAzita karane hetu hama suzrAvaka zrI ratanalAla jI hIrAvata, dillI ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM jinhoMne apane pUjya pitAzrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata kI puNya smRti meM ina AlekhoM ko prakAzita karane kA artha vyaya vahana kiyaa| hama saMsthAna ke mAnada nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM zodha adhikArI DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ke prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karanA apanA dAyitva samajhate haiM jinhoMne prastuta AlekhoM kA sampAdana kara inheM pustaka rUpa meM prastuta karane kA zrama kiyaa| - hama saMsthAna ke mArgadarzaka pro. kamalacanda sogAnI, saha nidezikA DaoN. suSamA siMghavI, upAdhyakSa zrI vIrendra siMha lor3hA evaM mantrI zrI indaracanda baida ke bhI AbhArI haiM, jo saMsthAna ke vikAsa meM hara saMbhava sahayoga evaM mArgadarzana de rahe haiN| saMsthAna dvArA aba taka 12 prakIrNaka anuvAda sahita prakAzita ho cuke haiN| prakIrNaka granthoM ke anuvAda ke sAtha hI saMsthAna dvArA 2 zodha prabandha bhI prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| saMsthAna dvArA samaya-samaya para saMgoSThiyoM kA Ayojana kara usameM paThita AlekhoM kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| pUrva meM prakIrNaka sAhitya viSaya para saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| usameM paThita AlekhoM ko prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nAmaka pustaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA thaa| isI krama meM aMga sAhityaH manana aura mImAMsA nAmaka prastuta pustaka kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| grantha ke sundara evaM satvara mudraNa ke lie hama caudharI oNphaseTa prA. li., udayapura ke bhI AbhArI haiN| sohanalAla sipANI saradAramala kAMkariyA adhyakSa mahAmaMtrI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzana artha sahayogI smRtizeSa suzrAvaka sva zrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata dharmaparAyaNa, zikSApremI zrI ratanalAla jI hIrAvata birale vyakti hI aise hote haiM jo apanI vANI meM mAdhuryatA, vyavahAra meM zAlInatA, hadaya meM ajasra karUNA Adi mAnavIya guNoM ke kAraNa apane ghara-parivAra evaM samAja meM hI nahIM varan anya jAne-anajAne logoM para bhI apanI amiTa chApa chor3a jAte haiN| aisA hI nirmala aura prabhAvakArI vyaktitva thA dharmaniSTha, pratiSThita suzrAvaka sva. zrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata kaa| dezanoka saMgha ke pUrva adhyakSa sva. zrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata kA 65 varSa kI Ayu meM udayarAmasara meM Akasmika nidhana ho gyaa| AcArya zrI nAneza ke udayarAmasara cAturmAsa para Apa zrI bhI AcArya zrI jI kI sevA meM udayarAmasara virAjamAna the| dharma sneha, saMgha niSThatA, samarpita samAja sevA samanvita ApakA jIvana saralatA, sauhArdra evaM milanasAritA kA Adarza pratIka rahA hai| Apa AcArya zrI nAneza ke ananya bhakta the evaM AcArya zrI ke sAnidhya meM varSoM se cArtumAsa kAla meM sapatnIka rahakara pravacana zravaNa kA lAbha lete the| ApakA vyavasAya kSetra dillI rahA, jahA~ Apake do honahAra suputra zrI jItamala jI hIrAvata evaM zrI ratanalAla jI hIrAvata vyavasAya kSetra meM nirantara pragati kara rahe haiN| sva zrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata ke agraja zrI luNakaraNa jI hIrAvata bhI samAja ke agraNI evaM pramukha suzrAvaka haiN| Apake prema-sneha evaM mamatAmaya vyavahAra se samUcA hIrAvata parivAra anuzAsita evaM eka Dora meM baMdhA huA hai| Apane sva. zrI megharAja jI hIrAvata (Apake pitAzrI) svadharmI nidhi meM 51 hajAra rU. tathA 1 lAkha 11 hajAra rUpaye dIkSArthI bhAIyoM ke upakaraNa bAbat dharmArtha pradAna kiye haiN| isake alAvA sAmAjika-dhArmika kAryoM meM ApakA parivAra mukta hasta se sadaiva dAna karatA rahA hai| dezanoka saMgha ke pUrva adhyakSa sva zrI tolArAma jI hIrAvata puNyasmRti meM isa pustaka kA prakAzana Apake suputra dharmaparAyaNa, zikSApremI zrI ratanalAla jI hIrAvata ke udAra sahayoga se kiyA gayA hai, isake liye hama Apake bahuta AbhArI haiN| saradAramala kAMkariyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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sampAdakIya pratyeka dharma paramparA meM dharma grantha yA zAstra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai, kyoMki usa dharma ke dArzanika siddhAnta aura AcAra vyavasthA donoM ke lie " zAstra" hI eka mAtra pramANa hotA hai| hindU dharma meM veda kA, bauddha dharma meM tripiTaka kA, pArasI dharma meM avestA kA, IsAI dharma meM bAibila kA aura IslAma dharma meM kurAna kA jo sthAna hai, vahI sthAna jaina dharma meM Agama sAhitya kA hai phira bhI Agama sAhitya ko na to veda ke samAna apaurUSeya mAnA gayA hai aura na bAibila yA kurAna ke samAna kisI paigambara ke mAdhyama se diyA gayA Izvara kA sandeza hI, apitu vaha una arhatoM va RSiyoM kI vANI kA saMkalana hai, jinhoMne apanI tapasyA aura sAdhanA dvArA satya kA prakAza prApta kiyA thaa| jainoM ke lie Agama jinavANI hai, Aptavacana hai, unake dharma-darzana aura sAdhanA kA AdhAra hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM jaina dharma kA digambara sampradAya upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko pramANabhUta nahIM mAnatA hai, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM ina AgamoM meM kucha aisA prakSipta aMza hai, jo unakI mAnyatAoM ke viparIta hai| hamArI dRSTi meM cAhe vartamAna meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM kucha prakSipta aMza ho yA unameM kucha parivartana, parivardhana bhI huA hoM, phira bhI ve jainadharma ke prAmANika dastAveja haiN| unameM aneka aitihAsika tathya upalabdha aa haiN| unakI pUrNataH asvIkRti kA artha apanI prAmANikatA ko hI nakAranA hai| zvetAmbara mAnya ina ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye I. pU. pA~cavIM zatI se lekara IsA kI pA~cavI zatI arthAt lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa meM jaina saMgha ke car3hAva utAra kI eka prAmANika kahAnI kaha dete haiN| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa vartamAna meM jo Agama grantha upalabdha haiM unheM nimna rUpa se vargIkRta kiyA jAtA 11 aMga 1. AyAra (AcArAMga) 2. sUyagaDa (sUtrakRtAMga), 3. ThANa (sthAnAMga ), 4. samavAya (samavAyAMga), 5. viyAhapannatti (vyAkhyAprajJapti yA bhagavatI ), 6. nAyAdhammakahAo (jJAtA-dharmakathA), 7. uvAsagadasAo ( upAsakadazA), 8. aMtagaDadasAo ( antakRddazA), 9. anuttarovavAiyadasAo (anuttaraupapAtikadazA) 10. paNhavAgaraNAI ( praznavyAkaraNAni), 11. vivAgasuyaM (vipAka zrutam ) 12. dRSTivAda jo vicchinna huA hai| 12 upAMga , 1. uvavAiya (aupapAtika), 2. rAyapaseNaija (rAyaprasenajitka) athavA rAyapaseNiya (rAjapraznIya), 3. jIvAjIvAbhigama, 4. paNNavaNA (prajJApanA), 5. sUrapaNNatti (sUryaprajJapti), For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : VIII 6. jambUddIvapaNNatti (jambUdvIpaprajJapti), 7. caMdapaNNatti (candraprajJapti), 8-12... nirayAvaliyAsuyakkhaMdha (nirayAvalikAzrutaskandha), 8. nirayAvaliyAo (nirayAvalikAH), . 9. kappavaDisiyAo (kalpAvasikA), 10. pupphiyAo (puSpikA), 11. pupphacUlAo. (puSpacUlA), 12. vaNhidasAo (vRssnnidshaa)| . jahA~ taka uparyukta aMga aura upAMga granthoM kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAya inheM mAnya karate haiM jabaki digambara sampradAya inhIM gyAraha aMga sUtroM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki ve aMgasUtra vartamAna meM vilupta ho gaye haiN| upAMgasUtroM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM ekarUpatA hai kintu digambara paramparA meM bAraha upAMgoM kI na to koI mAnyatA rahI aura na ve vartamAna meM ina granthoM ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| yadyapi jambUdvIpaprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti Adi nAmoM se unake yahA~ kucha grantha avazya pAye jAte haiN| sAtha hI sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko bhI unake dvArA dRSTivAda ke parikarma ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 4 mUlasUtra sAmAnyatayA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka aura piNDaniyukti ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne gaye haiM phira bhI mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA aura nAmoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| jahA~ taka uttarAdhyayana aura.dazavaikAlika kA prazna hai inheM sabhI zvetAmbara sampradAyoM evaM AcAryoM ne eka mata se mUlasUtra mAnA hai| samayasundara, bhAvaprabhasUri tathA pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM pro bebara, pro vUlhara, pro. sArapenTiyara, pro. vinTarnitja, pro zUrjiga Adi ne eka svara se Avazyaka ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai, kintu sthAnakavAsI evaM terApanthI sampradAya Avazyaka ko mUlasUtra ke antargata nahIM mAnate haiN| ye donoM sampradAya Avazyaka evaM piNDaniyukti ke sthAna para nandI aura anuyogadvAra ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM kucha AcAryoM ne piNDaniyukti ke sAtha-sAtha oghaniyukti ko bhI mUlasUtra meM mAnA hai| isa prakAra mUlasUtroM ke vargIkaraNa aura unake nAmoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva hai| digambara paramparA meM ina mUlasUtroM meM se dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana aura Avazyaka mAnya rahe haiN| tatvArtha kI digambara TIkAoM meM, dhavalA tathA aMgapaNNatti meM inakA ullekha hai| jJAtavya hai ki aMgapaNNatti meM nandIsUtra kI bhA~ti hI Avazyaka ke chaha vibhAga kiye gaye haiM, yApanIya paramparA meM bhI na kevala Avazyaka, uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavekAlika mAnya rahe haiM, apitu yApanIya AcArya aparAjita (navIM zatI) ne to dazavakAlika kI TIkA bhI likhI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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IX : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA chedasUtra chedasUtroM ke antargata vartamAna meM 1 AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha), 2 kappa (kalpa), 3 vavahAra (vyavahAra), 4 nisIha (nizItha), 5 mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha) aura 6 jIyakappa (jItakalpa) ye chaha grantha mAne jAte haiN| inameM se mahAnizItha aura jItakalpa ko zvetAmbaroM kI terApanthI aura sthAnakavAsI sampradAyeM mAnya nahIM karatI haiN| ve donoM mAtra cAra hI chedasUtra mAnate haiM jabaki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya uparyukta 6 chedasUtroM ko mAnatA hai| jahA~ taka digambara aura yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai unameM aMgabAhya granthoM meM kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha kA ullekha milatA hai| yApanIya sampradAya ke granthoM meM na kevala inakA ullekha milatA hai, apitu inake avataraNa bhI die gae haiN| Azcarya yaha hai ki vartamAna meM digambara paramparA meM pracalita mUlataH yApanIya paramparA ke prAyazcita sambandhI grantha "chedapiNDazAstra" meM kalpa aura vyavahAra ke pramANya ke sAtha-sAtha jItakalpa kA bhI pramANya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra digambara evaM yApanIya paramparAoM meM kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha aura jItakalpa kI mAnyatA rahI hai, yadyapi vartamAna meM digambara AcArya inheM mAnya nahIM karate haiN| prakIrNaka isake antargata nimna dasa grantha mAne jAte haiM : 1 causaraNa (cutaHzaraNa), 2 AurapaccakkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna), 3. bhattaparinnA (bhaktaparijJA), 4. saMthAraga (saMstAraka), 5. taMDulaveyAliya (taMdulavaicArika), 6. caMdAvejjhaya (candravedhyaka), 7. devindatthaya (devendrastava), 8. gaNivijjA (gaNividyA), 9. mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna) aura 10. vIratthaya (viirstv)| .. zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM sthAnavAsI aura terApaMthI ina prakIrNakoM ko mAnya nahIM karate haiN| yadyapi hamArI dRSTi meM inameM inakI paramparA ke virUddha aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jisase inheM amAnya kiyA jaae| inameM se 9 prakIrgakoM kA ullekha to nandIsUtra meM mila jAtA hai| ataH inheM amAnya karane kA koI aucitya nahIM hai| hamane isakI vistRta carcA Agama saMsthAna, udayapura se hI prakAzita mahApaccakkhANa kI bhUmikA meM kI hai| jahA~ taka dasa prakIrNakoM ke nAma Adi kA prazna hai zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampadrAya ke AcAryoM meM bhI kiMcita matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| lagabhaga 9 nAmoM meM to ekarUpatA hai kintu bhattaparinnA, maraNavidhi aura vIrastava ye tIna nAma aise haiM jo bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM ke vargIkaraNa meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa se Aye haiN| kisI ne bhaktaparijJA ko chor3akara maraNavidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai to kisI ne usake sthAna para vIrastava kA ullekha kiyA hai| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne paiNNayasuttAI, prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA meM prakIrNaka nAma se For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : X abhihita lagabhaga nimna 22 granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai inameM se adhikAMza mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI se paiNNayasuttAI nAma se 2 bhAgoM meM prakAzita haiN| aMgavidyA kA prakAzana prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI kI ora se huA hai| ye bAIsa prakIrNaka nimna hai : 1. catuHzaraNa 2 AturapratyAkhyAna 3. bhaktaparijJA 4. saMstAraka, 5 taMdulavaicArika, 6. candrAvedhyaka,7. devendrastava, 8. gaNividyA, 9. mahApratyAkhyAna, 10. vIrastava, 11. RSibhASita, 12 ajIvakalpa, 13. gacchAcAra, 14 maraNasamAdhi, 15. titthogAliya, 16. ArAdhanApatAkA, 17. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, 18 jyotiSkaraNDaka, 19. aMgavidyA, 20. siddhaprAbhRta, 21 sArAvalI aura 22. jiivvibhkti| . isake atirikta eka hI nAma se aneka prakIrNaka bhI upalabdha hote haiM, yathA"AurapaccakkhAna" ke nAma se tIna grantha upalabdha hote haiN| unameM se eka to dasavIM zatI ke AcArya vIrabhadra kI kRti hai| nandI aura pAkSikasUtra ke utkAlika sUtroM ke varga meM devendrastava, taMdulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, gaNividyA, maraNavibhakti, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna ye sAta nAma pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra nandI evaM pAkSikasUtra meM nau prakIrNakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke kucha AcArya jo 84 Agama mAnate haiM, ve prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 10 ke sthAna para 30 mAnate haiN| isameM pUrvokta 22 nAmoM ke atirikta nimna 8 prakIrNaka aura mAne gaye haiM :- piNDavizuddhi, paryantaArAdhanA, yoniprAbhRta, aMgacUliyA, baMgacUliyA, bRddhacatuHzaraNa, jambUpayannA aura klpsuutr| jahA~ taka digambara evaM yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai, vaha spaSTataH ina prakIrNakoM ko mAnya nahIM karatI haiM, phira bhI mUlAcAra meM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna se aneka gAthAyeM usake saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura bRhat pratyAkhyAna nAmaka grantha meM avatarita kI gaI hai| isI prakAra bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI maraNavibhakti, ArAdhanApatAkA Adi aneka prakIrNakoM kI gAthAyeM avatarita haiN| jJAtavya hai ki inameM aMga bAyoM ko prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai| cUlikAsUtra cUlikAsUtra ke antargata nandIsUtra aura anuyogaddhAra ye grantha mAne jAte haiN| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki sthAnavAsI paramparA inheM cUlikAsUtra na kahakara mUlasUtra meM vargIkRta karatI hai phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ye donoM grantha zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko mAnya rahe haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 6 cheda, 10 prakIrNaka, 2 cUlikAsUtra, ye 45 Agama zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM mAnya haiN| sthAnavAsI va For Personal & Private Use Only

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XI : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA terApanthI isameM se 10 prakIrNaka, jItakalpa, mahAnizItha aura piNDaniyukti ina 13 granthoM ko kama karake 32 Agama mAnya karate haiN| jo paramparAe~ caurAsI Agama mAnya karate haiM ve dasa prakIrNakoM ke sthAna para pUrvokta tIsa prakIrNaka mAnate haiN| isake sAtha dasa niyuktiyoM tathA yatijItakalpa, zraddhAjItakalpa, pAkSikasUtra, kSamApanAsUtra, vanditthu, tithi-prakaraNa, kavacaprakaraNa, saMzaktaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ko bhI AgamoM meM sammilita karate haiN| isa prakAra vartamAnakAla meM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka, cheda, mUla aura cUlikAsUtra ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha vargIkaraNa paryApta paravartI hai| 12vIM zatI se pUrva ke granthoM meM isa prakAra ke vargIkaraNa kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vargIkaraNa kI yaha zailI sarvaprathama hameM AcArya zrIcanda kI "sukhabodhAsamAcArI" (I.san 1112) meM bhI AMzika rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| isameM Agama sAhitya ke adhyayana kA jo krama diyA gayA hai usase kevala itanA hI pratiphalita hotA hai ki aMga, upAMga Adi kI avadhAraNA usa yuga meM bana cukI thii| kintu vartamAna kAla meM jisa prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaisA vargIkaraNa usa samaya taka bhI pUrNa rUpa se nirdhArita nahIM huA thaa| usameM mAtra aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka itane hI nAma milate haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM nandIsUtra va anuyogadvArasUtra ko bhI prakIrNakoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| sukhabodhAsamAcArI kA yaha vivaraNa mukhya rUpa se to Agama granthoM ke adhyayana-krama ko hI sUcita karatA hai| isameM muni jIvana sambandhI AcAra-niyamoM ke pratipAdaka Agama granthoM ke adhyayana ko prAthamikatA dI gayI hai aura siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana bauddhika paripakvatA ke pazcAt ho, aisI vyavasthA kI gaI isI dRSTi se eka anya vivaraNa jinaprabha ne apane grantha vidhimArgaprapA meM diyA hai isameM vartamAna meM ullikhita AgamoM ke nAma to mila jAte haiM, kintu kauna Agama kisa varga kA hai, yaha ullekha nahIM hai| mAtra pratyeka varga ke AgamoM ke nAma eka sAtha Ane ke kAraNa yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya taka cAhe aMga, upAMga Adi kA vartamAna vargIkaraNa pUrNataH sthira na huA ho, kintu jaisA padmabhUSaNa paM. dalasukhabhAI kA kathana hai ki kauna grantha kisake sAtha ullikhita honA cAhie, aisA eka krama bana gayA thA, kyoMki unameM aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, prakIrNaka evaM cUlikAsUtroM ke nAma eka hI sAtha milate haiN| usameM aMga, upAMga granthoM kA pArasparika sambandha bhI nizcita kiyA gayA thaa| mAtra yahI nahIM eka matAntara kA ullekha karate hue usameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama vAcanAvidhi ke prArambha meM aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka, cheda aura mUla ina vargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne vidhimArgaprapA ko I san 1306 meM pUrNa kiyA thA, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA XII ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isake Asa-pAsa hI AgamoM kA vartamAna vargIkaraNa pracalana meM AyA hogaa| AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI prAcIna zailI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke vargIkaraNa kI prAcIna zailI isase bhinna rahI hai| isa prAcIna zailI kA sarvaprathama nirdeza hameM nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra (IsvI san pA~cavI zatI) meM milatA hai / usa yuga meM AgamoM ko aMgapraviSTa va aMgabAhya ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA thaa| aMgapraviSTa ke antargata AcArAMga Adi 12 aMga grantha Ate the| zeSa grantha aMgabAhya kahe jAte the| usameM aMgabAhyoM kI eka saMjJA prakIrNakaM bhI thii| aMgaprajJapti nAmaka digambara grantha meM bhI aMgabAhyoM ko prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai| aMgabA ko punaH do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jAtA thA- 1. Avazyaka aura 2. Avazyaka vyatirikta / Avazyaka ke antargata sAmAyika Adi chaH grantha the| jJAtavya hai ki vartamAna vargIkaraNa meM Avazyaka ko eka hI grantha mAnA jAtA hai aura sAmAyika Adi 6 Avazyaka aMgoM ko usake eka-eka adhyAya rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu prAcInakAla meM inheM chaH svatantra grantha mAnA jAtA thA / isakI puSTi aMgapaNNatti Adi digambara granthoM se bhI ho jAtI hai| unameM bhI sAmAyika Adi ko chaH svataMtra grantha mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi usameM kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna ke sthAna para vainayika evaM pratikramaNa nAma milate haiM, Avazyaka - vyatirikta ke bhI do bhAga kie jAte the- 1. kAlika aura 2 utkAlika / jinakA svAdhyAya vikAla ko chor3akara kiyA jAtA thA, ve kAlika kahalAte the, jabaki utkAlika granthoM ke adhyayana yA svAdhyAya meM kAlaM evaM vikAla kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra kI AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI sUcI nimnAnusAra hai: zruta (Agama) (ka) aMgapraviSTa 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJApti jJAtAdharmakathA 6. 7. upAsakadazAMga 8. antakRtdazAMga (ka) Avazyaka 1. sAmAyika 2. caturviMzatistava 3. vandanA 4. pratikramaNa 5. kAyotsarga For Personal & Private Use Only (kha) aMgabAhya (kha) Avazyaka vyatirikta

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XIII : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 9. anuttaropapAtikadazAMga 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAkasUtra 12. dRSTivAda (ka) kAlika 1. uttarAdhyayana 2. dazAzrutaskandha 3. kalpa 4. vyavahAra 5. nizItha 6. mahAnizItha 7. RSibhASita 8. jambUdvIpaprajJapti 9. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti candraprajJapti 10. 11. kSullikAvimAna pravibhakti 12. mahallikAvimAna pravibhakti 13. aMgacUlikA 14. vaggacUlikA 15 vivAhacUlikA 16. arUNopapAta 17. varUNopapAta 18. garUr3opapAta 19. dharaNopapAta vaizramaNopapAta velandharopapAta devendropapAta 20. 21. 22. 23. utthAnazruta 24. samutthAnazruta 25. nAgaparijJApanikA 6. pratyAkhyAna (kha) utkAlika dazavaikAlika kalpikAkalpika 1. 2. 3. cullakalpazruta 4. mahAkalpazruta 5. aupapAtika 6. rAjapraznIya 7. jIvAbhigama 8. prajJApanA 9. mahAprajJApanA 10. pramAdApramAda 11. nandI 12. anuyogadvAra 13. devendrastava 14. tandulavaicArika 15. candrave 16. sUryaprajJapti 17. paurUSImaMDala . 18. maNDalapraveza 19. vidyAcaraNa vinizcaya 20. gaNividyA 21. dhyAnavibhakti 22. maraNavibhakti Atmavizodhi 23. 24. vItarAgazruta 25. saMlekhaNA zruta For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XIV 26 nirayAvalikA 26. vihArakalpa 27. kalpikA 27. caraNavidhi 28. kalpAvataMsikA 28 AturapratyAkhyAna 29. puSpitA 29. mahApratyAkhyAna 30. puSpacUlikA 31 vRSNidazA isa prakAra nandIsUtra meM 12 aMga, 6 Avazyaka, 31 kAlika evaM 29 utkAlika sahita kula 78 AgamoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki Aja inameM se aneka grantha anupalabdha haiN| yApanIya aura digambara paramparAoM meM jaina Agama sAhitya ke vargIkaraNa kI jo zailI mAnya rahI hai, vaha bhI bahuta kucha nandIsUtra kI zailI ke anurUpa hai| unhoMne use umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra se grahaNa kiyA hai| usameM AgamoM ko aMga aura aMgabAhya aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| isameM aMgoM kI bAraha saMkhyA kA to spaSTa ullekha milatA hai, kintu aMgabAhya kI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| mAtra yaha kahA gayA hai aMgabAhya aneka prakAra ke haiM kintu apane tatvArthabhASya (1/20) meM AcArya umAsvAti ne aMgabAhya ke aMtargata sarvaprathama sAmAyika Adi chaH AvazyakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai usake bAda dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazA, kalpa-vyavahAra, nizItha aura RSibhASita ke nAma dekara anta meM Adi zabda se anya granthoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai kintu aMgabAhya meM spaSTa nAma to unhoMne kevala bAraha hI diye haiN| isameM kalpa-vyavahAra kA ekIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka anya sUcanA se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki tatvArthabhASya meM upAMga saMjJA kA nirdeza hai| ho sakatA hai ki pahale 12 aMgoM ke samAna hI 12 upAMga mAne jAte hoN| tatvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnandI Adi digambara AcAryoM ne aMgabAhya meM na kevala uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, apitu kAlika evaM utkAlika aise vargoM kA bhI nAma nirdeza (1/20) kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa evaM dhavalATIkA meM AgamoM kA jo vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai usameM 12 aMgoM evaM 14 aMgabAyoM kA ullekha hai, isameM bhI aMgabAhyoM meM sarvaprathama chaH AvazyakoM kA ullekha hai| tatpazcAt dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa-vyavahAra, kappAkappIya, mahAkappIya, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka va nizItha kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra dhavalA meM 12 aMga aura 14 aMgabAyoM kI gaNanA kI gyii| isameM bhI kalpa aura vyavahAra ko eka hI grantha mAnA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki tatvArthabhASya kI apekSA isameM kappAkappIya (kalpikAkalpika) mahAkappIya (mahAkalpa) puNDarIka aura mahmapuNDarIka- ye cAra nAma adhika haiM kintu bhASya meM ullikhita dazA aura RSibhASita ko chor3a diyA gayA For Personal & Private Use Only

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xv : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai| isameM jo cAra nAma adhika haiM unameM kappAkappIya aura mahAkappIya kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM bhI hai, mAtra puNDarIka aura mahApuNDarIka ye do nAma vizeSa haiN| digambara paramparA meM AcArya zubhacandra kRta aMgaprajJapti (aMgapaNNatti) nAmaka eka grantha milatA hai| yaha grantha dhavalATIkA ke pazcAt kA pratIta hotA hai| isameM dhavalATIkA meM varNita 12 aMga praviSTa va 14 aMgabAhya granthoM kI viSaya vastu kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yadyapi isame aMgabAhya granthoM kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa saMkSipta hI hai| isa grantha meM aura digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM aMga bAhyoM ko prakIrNaka bhI kahA gayA hai| (3.10) isameM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAyika pramukha 14 prakIrNaka aMgabAhya hai| isameM varNita viSayavastu ke vivaraNa se lagatA hai ki yaha vivaraNa mAtra anuzruti ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai, mUla granthoM ko lekhaka ne nahIM dekhA hai, isameM bhI puNDarIka aura mahApuNDarIka kA ullekha hai| ina donoM granthoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM hameM kahIM nahIM milaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA ke sUtrakRtAMga meM eka adhyayana kA nAma puNDarIka avazya milatA hai| prakIrNakoM meM eka sArAvalI prakIrNaka hai| isameM puNDarIka mahAtIrtha (zatrujaya) kI mahattA kA vistRta vivaraNa hai| sambhava hai ki puNDarIka sArAvalI prakIrNaka kA hI yaha dUsarA nAma ho| phira bhI spaSTa pramANa ke abhAva meM isa saMbaMdha meM adhika kucha kahanA ucita nahIM hogaa| . . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prathama zatI se lekara dasavIM zatI taka AgamoM ko nandIsUtra kI zailI meM aMga aura aMgabAhya-punaH aMgabAyoM ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka-vyatirikta aise do vibhAga sarvamAnya the| lagabhaga gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI ke bAda se aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka, cheda, mUla aura cUlikAsUtra kA vartamAna vargIkaraNa astitva meM AyA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM sabhI aMga bAhya AgamoM ke lie prakIrNaka (paiNNaya) nAma bhI pracalita rahA hai| .. ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI prAcInatA evaM unakA racanAkAla bhArata jaise vizAla deza meM atiprAcInakAla se hI aneka boliyoM kA astitva rahA hai, kintu sAhityika dRSTi se bhArata meM tIna pracIna bhASAe~ pracalita rahI haiM - saMskRta, prAkRta aura paalii| inameM saMskRta ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| - chAndas aura sAhityika sNskRt| veda chAndas saMskRta meM hai, jo pAli aura prAkRta ke nikaTa hai| upaniSadoM kI bhASA chAndas kI apekSA sAhityika saMskRta ke adhika nikaTa hai| prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha jo sAhitya upalabdha hai, usameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAcInatama hai| yahA~ taka kI AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha aura RSibhASita to azoka kAlIna prAkRta abhilekha se bhI prAcIna hai| ye donoM grantha lagabhaga I.pU pA~cavIM-cauthI zatAbdI kI racanAe~ haiN| AcArAMga kI sUtrAtmaka aupaniSadika zailI use upaniSadoM kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XVI nikaTavartI aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI siddha karatI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM ke AdhAra para yaha sampUrNa pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM prAcInatama hai| AtmA ke svarUpa evaM astitva sambandhI isake vivaraNa aupaniSadika vivaraNoM ke anurUpa haiN| isameM pratipAdita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta bhI alaukikatA aura atizayatA rahita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha vivaraNa bhI usI vyakti dvArA kahA gayA hai, jisane svayaM unakI jIvanacaryA ko nikaTatA se dekhA aura jAnA hogaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM hI sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyAya, AcArAMgacUlA aura kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA kA ullekha hai, kintu ve bhI apekSAkRta rUpa meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA paravartI hai, kyoMki unameM alaukikatA, atizayatA aura atiraMjanA kA praveza hotA gayA hai| isI prakAra RSibhASita kI sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se rahita udAradRSTi tathA bhAva aura bhASAgata aneka tathya use AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara sampUrNa prAkRta evaM pAlI sAhitya meM prAcInatama siddha karate haiN| pAlI sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta mAnA jAtA hai, kintu aneka tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki RSibhASita, suttanipAta se bhI prAcIna hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA sthUlibhadra ke samaya arthAt IsA pUrva tIsarI zatI meM huI thI, ataH itanA nizcita hai ki usa samaya taka ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya astitva meM A cukA thaa| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke kucha granthoM ke racanAkAla kI uttara sImA I.pU. pA~cavI-cauthI zatAbdI siddha hotI hai, jo ki isa sAhitya kI prAcInatA ko prAmANita karatI hai| . hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya na to eka vyakti kI racanA hai aura na eka kAla kI / yaha satya hai ki isa sAhitya ko antima rUpa vIra nirvANa saMvata 980 meM vallabhI meM sampanna huI vAcanA meM prApta huaa| kintu isa AdhAra para hamAre kucha vidvAna mitra yaha galata niSkarSa nikAla lete haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya IsvI san kI pA~cavI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| yadi ardhamAgadhI Agama IsA kI pA~cavI zatI kI racanA hai, to vallabhI kI isa antima vAcanA ke pUrva bhI vallabhI, mathUrA, khaNDagirI aura pATalIputra meM jo vAcanAyeM huI thI usameM saMkalita sAhitya kauna-sA thA? unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie kI vallabhI meM AgamoM ko saMkalita, suvyavasthita aura sampAdita karake lipibaddha (pustakArUr3ha) kiyA gayA thA, ataH yaha kisI bhI sthiti meM unakA racanAkAla nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMkalana aura sampAdana kA artha racanA nahIM hai| punaH AgamoM meM viSaya-vastu, bhASA aura zailI kI jo vividhatA aura bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha spaSTatayA isa tathya kI pramANa hai ki saMkalana aura sampAdana ke samaya unakI maulikatA ko yathAvata rakhane kA pratyatna kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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XVIl : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA gayA hai, anyathA Aja unakA prAcIna svarUpa samApta hI ho jAtA aura AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA aura zailI bhI parivartita ho jAtI tathA usake upadhAnazruta nAmaka naveM adhyayana meM varNita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta alaukikatA evaM atizayoM se yukta bana jaataa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AgamoM kI viSayavastu ke kucha prakSipta aMza hai, kintu prathama to aise prakSepa bahuta hI kama haiM aura dUsare unheM spaTa rUpa se pahacAnA bhI jA sakatA hai| ataH isa AdhAra para sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko paravartI mAna lenA sabase bar3I bhrAnti hogii| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya para kabhI-kabhI mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara bhI usakI prAcInatA para saMdeha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu prAcIna hastapratoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aneka prAcIna hastapratoM meM Aja bhI unakA "ta" zrutipradhAna ardhamAgadhI svarUpa surakSita hai| AcArAMga ke prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke adhyayana se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paravartIkAla meM usameM kitane pAThAntara ho gaye haiN| isa sAhitya para jo mahArASTrI prabhAva A gayA hai vaha lipikAroM aura TIkAkAroM kI apanI bhASA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUtrakRtAMga kA "rAmapUte" pATha cUrNi meM "rAmautte" aura zIlAMka kI TIkA meM "rAmagutte" ho gyaa| ataH ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM, mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara unakI prAcInatA para saMdeha nahIM karanA cAhiye apitu una granthoM ko vibhinna pratoM evaM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkAoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke prAcIna svarUpoM ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| vastutaH ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM vibhinna kAla kI sAmagrI surakSita hai| isako uttara sImA I. pUrva pA~cavI-cauthI zatAbdI aura nimna sImA I san kI pA~cavI zatAbdI hai| vastutaH ardhamAgadhI sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM kA yA unake kisI aMza vizeSa kA kAla nirdhArita karate samaya uname upalabdha sAMskRtika sAmagrI, dArzanika cintana kI spaSTatA evaM gahanatA tathA bhASA - zailI Adi sabhI pakSoM para prAmANikatA ke sAtha vicAra karanA caahie| isa dRSTi se adhyayana karane para hI yaha spaSTa ho sakegA ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA kauna-sA grantha athavA usakA kauna-sA aMza vizeSa kisa kAla kI racanA hai| . ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI viSayavastu sambandhI nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA meM hameM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra, nandIcUrNI evaM tatvArthabhASya meM tathA digambara paramparA meM tatvArtha kI TIkAoM ke sAtha-sAtha dhavalAdi meM unakI viSayavastu sambandhI nirdeza mAtra anuzrutiparaka hai, ve granthoM ke vAstavika adhyayana para AdhArita nahIM hai| unameM diyA gayA vivaraNa tatvArthabhASya evaM paramparA se prApta sUcanAoM para AdhArita nahIM hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unakI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XVII vyAkhyAoM evaM TIkAoM meM unakI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa hai vaha una granthoM ke avalokana para AdhArita hai kyoMki prathama to isa paramparA meM AgamoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA Aja taka jIvita calI A rahI hai, dUsare Agama granthoM kI viSayavastu meM kAlakrama meM kyA parivartana huA hai, isakI sUcanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke uparyukta Agama granthoM se hI prApta ho jAtI hai| isake adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kisa kAla meM kisa Agama grantha meM kauna sI sAmagrI jur3I aura alaga huI hai| AcArAMga meM AcAracUlA aura nizItha ke jur3ane aura punaH nizItha ke alaga hone kI ghaTanA, samavAyAMga aura sthAnAMga meM samaya-samaya para hue prakSepa, jJAtAdharmakathA meM dvitIya varga meM jur3e hue adhyAya, praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM huA sampUrNa parivartana, antakRtdazA, anuttaropapAtika evaM vipAka ke adhyayanoM meM hue Azika parivartana, ina sabakI prAmANika jAnakArI hameM una vivaraNoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane se mila jAtI hai| inameM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSaya-vastu kA parivartana hI aisA hai, jisake vartamAna svarUpa kI sUcanA kevala nandIcUrNi (IsvI san sAtavI zatI) meM milatI hai| vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa lagabhaga IsvI san kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA hai| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya lagabhaga eka sahastra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM kisa prakAra nirmita, parivardhita evaM sampAdita hotA rahA hai isakI sUcanA bhI svayaM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya aura usakI TIkAoM se mila jAtI hai| ___ vastutaH ardhamAgadhI Agama vizeSa yA usake aMza vizeSa ke racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa eka jaTila samasyA hai, isa sambandha meM viSaya-vastu sambandhI vivaraNa, vicAroM kA vikAsa krama, bhASA-zelo Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se nirNaya karanA hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura nau gaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo vIra nirvANa saM. 584 taka astitva meM A cuke the| kintu usameM boTikoM evaM una paravartI gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM ke ullekha nahIM haiM, jo vIra nirvANa saM. 609 athavA usake bAda astitva meM Aye, ataH viSayavastu kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla kI antima sImA vIranirvANa saMvata 609 ke pUrva arthAt IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdha yA dvitIya zatAbdI kA pUvArdha siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga ke prathama zratuskandha kI viSayavastu evaM bhASA zailI AcArAMga ke racanAkAla ko ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna siddha karatI hai ardhamAgadhI Agama ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM ina sabhI pakSoM para vicAra apekSita hai| ___ isa prakAra na to hamAre kucha digambara vidvAnoM kI yaha dRSTi samucita hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama devarddhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya arthAt IsyA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI meM astitva meM Aye aura na kucha zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA yaha kahanA hI samucita hai ki For Personal & Private Use Only

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XIX : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sabhI aMga Agama apane vartamAna svarUpa meM gaNadharoM kI racanA hai aura unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana, parivardhana, prakSepa yA vilopa nahIM huA hai| kintu itanA nizcit hai ki kucha prakSepoM ko chor3akara ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya zaurasenI Agama sAhitya se prAcIna hai| zaurasenI Agama kA prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDasutta bhI IsvI san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se prAcIna nahIM hai| usake pazcAt SaTkhaNDAgama, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, tiloyapaNNatti, piNDachedazAstra, Avazyaka (pratikamaNasUtra) Adi kA krama AtA hai kintu piNDachedazAstra aura Avazyaka (pratikramaNa) ke atirikta ina sabhI granthoM meM guNasthAna siddhAnta Adi kI upasthiti se yaha phalita hotA hai ki ye sabhI grantha pA~cavI zatI pazcAt ke haiN| digambara Avazyaka (pratikramaNa) evaM piNDachedazAstra kA AdhAra bhI kramazaH zvetAmbara mAnya Avazyaka aura kalpa-vyavahAra, nizItha Adi chedasUtra hI rahe haiN| unake pratikramaNa sUtra meM vartamAna sUtrakRtAMga ke teIsa evaM jJAtAdharmakathA ke unnIsa adhyayanoM kA vivaraNa tathA piNDachedazAstra meM jItakalpa ke AdhAra para prAyazcita dene kA nirdeza yaha siddha karate haiM ki prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM ardhamAgadhI Agama hI prAcInatama hai cAhe unakI antima vAcanA pA~cavI zatI ke uttarArdha (I san 453) meM hI sampanna kyoM na huI ho? isa prakAra jahA~ taka AgamoM ke racanAkAla kA prazna hai use I.pU pA~cavI zatAbdI se IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI taka lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM vyApaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki upalabdha AgamoM meM sabhI eka kAla kI racanA nahIM hai| AgamoM ke sandarbha meM aura vizeSa rUpa se aMga AgamoM ke sambandha meM paramparAgata mAnyatA to yahI hai ki ve gaNadharoM dvArA racita hone ke kAraNa I.pU pA~cavI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| dUsarI ora kucha vidvAna unheM vallabhI meM saMkalita evaM sampAdita kiye jAne ke kAraNa IsA kI pA~cavI zatI kI racanA mAnate hai| hamArI dRSTi se ye donoM hI mata samIcIna nahIM hai| devardhi ke saMkalana, sampAdana evaM lekhana kAla ko unakA racanA kAla nahI mAnA jA sktaa| aMga Agama to prAcIna hI hai| IsA pUrva cauthI zatI ke pATalIputra kI vAcanA meM jina dvAdaza aMgoM kI vAcanA huI thI, ve nizcita rUpa se usase pUrva hI bane hoge| yaha satya hai ki AgamoM meM devardhi kI vAcanA ke samaya athavA usake bAda bhI kucha prakSepa hue ho, kintu una prakSapoM ke AdhAra para sabhI aMga AgamoM kA racanAkAla I. san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| DaoN harmana yAkobI ne yaha nizcita kiyA hai ki AgamoM kA prAcIna aMza I.pU cauthI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se lekara I.pU tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca kA hai| na kevala aMga Agama apitu dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra bhI jinheM AcArya bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai ve bhI yAkobI aura zubriga ke anusAra I.pU. caturtha zatI ke uttarArdha se I.pU tIsarI zatI ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA XX pUvArddha meM nirmita haiN| paM. dalasukhabhAI Adi kI mAnyatA hai ki AgamoM kA racanAkAla pratyeka grantha kI bhASA, chaMda yojanA, viSayavastu aura upalabdha Antarika aura bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para hI nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha apanI bhASA - zailI, viSaya-vastu, chaMdayojanA Adi kI dRSTi se mahAvIra kI vANI ke sarvAdhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| usakI aupaniSadika zailI bhI yaha batAtI hai ki vaha eka prAcIna grantha hai usakA kAla kisI bhI sthiti meM I. pU. caturtha zatI ke bAda kA nahIM ho sktaa| usake dvitIya zrutaskandha ke rUpa meM jo " AyAracUlA" jor3I gayI hai, vaha bhI I.pU. dUsarI yA prathama rAtI se paravartI nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAMga bhI eka prAcIna Agama hai usakI bhASA, chanda-yojanA evaM usameM vibhinna dArzanika paramparaoM ke tathA RSiyoM ke jo ullekha mile haiM unake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha bhI I. pU. cauthI - tIsarI zatI ke bAda kA nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki usake bAda vikasita darzanika mAnyatAoM kA usameM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| usameM upalabdha vIrastuti meM bhI atiraMjanAoM ko prAyaH abhAva hI hai| aMga AgamoM meM tIsarA krama sthAnAMga kA AtA hai| sthAnAMga, bauddha Agama aMguttaranikAya kI zailI kA grantha hai / grantha lekhana kI yaha zailI bhI prAcIna rahI hai| sthAnAMga meM nau gaNoM aura sAta nihnavoM ke ullekha ko chor3akara anya aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jisase use paravartI kahA jA ske| ho sakatA hai ki jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa ye ullekha usameM antima vAcanA ke samaya prakSipta kiye gaye hoN| usameM jo dasadazAoM aura unameM pratyeka ke adhyAyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai vaha bhI una AgamoM kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karatA hai| yadi vaha vallabhI ke vAcanAkAla meM nirmita huA hotA to usameM dasa dazAoM kI jo viSayavastu varNita hai vaha bhinna hotI / ataH usakI prAcInatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga kI apekSA eka paravartI grantha hai isake prArambha meM dvAdaza aMgoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai| sAtha hI isameM uttarAdhyayana ke 36, RSibhASita ke 44, sUtrakRtAMga 23, sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke 16, AcArAMga ke cUlikA sahita 25 adhyayana, dazAkalpa aura vyavahAra ke 26 adhyayana Adi kA ullekha hone se itanA to nizcita hai ki yaha grantha isameM nirdiSTa AgamoM ke svarUpa ke nirdhArita hone ke pazcAt hI banA hogA / punaH isameM caturdaza guNasthAnoM kA jIvasthAna ke rUpa meM spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki guNasthAna kA yaha siddhAnta umAsvAti ke pazcAt arthAt IsA kI caturtha zatI ke bAda hI astitva meM AyA hai| yadi isameM jIva ThAMNa ke rUpa meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke ullekha ko bAda meM prakSipta bhI mAna liyA jAya to bhI apanI bhASA - zailI aura viSayavastu kI dRSTi se isakA vartamAna svarUpa IsA kI 3-4 zatI se pahale kA nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai usake kucha aMza prAcIna ho, lekina Aja unheM khoja pAnA ati kaThina kArya hai| jahA~ taka bhagavatIsUtra kA prazna hai vidvAnoM ke anusAra isake aneka For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXI : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA stara haiM isameM kucha stara avazya hI I pU ke hai kintu samavAyAMga kI bhA~ti bhagavatI meM bhI paryApta prakSepa huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka sthaloM para jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, anuyogadvAra, nandI Adi paravartI AgamoM kA nirdeza huA hai| inake ullekha hone se yaha spaSTa hai ki isake sampAdana ke samaya isameM isI prakAra kI sUcanAyeM de dI gayI haiN| isase yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki vallabhI vAcanA meM isameM paryApta rUpa se parivartana aura saMzodhana avazya huA hai, phira bhI isake kucha zatakoM kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai| kucha pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAna isake prAcIna evaM paravartI staroM ke pRthakkaraNa kA kArya kara rahe haiN| unake niSkarSa prApta hone para hI isakA racanAkAla nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| - Agama sAhitya meM upAsakadazA zrAvakAcAra kA varNana karane vAlA prathama grantha hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ullikhita isake dasa adhyayanoM aura unakI viSayavastu meM kisI prakAra ke parivartana hone ke saMketa nahIM milate haiN| ataH yaha grantha bhI apane vartamAna svarUpa meM I.pU. kI hI racanA hai aura isake kisI bhI adhyayana kA vilopa nahIM huA hai| zrAvakavratoM ke sambandha meM tatvArthasUtra meM spaSTataH isakA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai ataH yaha tatvArtha se arthAt IsA kI tIsarI zatI se paravartI nahIM ho sakatA hai| aMga Agama sAhitya meM antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu kA ullekha hameM sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM isake nimna dasa adhyAya ullikhita haiM - nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmaputte, sudarzana, jamAli, bhagAli, kikima, pallatetiya, phAla ambddputr| eka sudarzana sambandhI kucha aMza ko chor3akara vartamAna antakRtdazAsUtra meM ye koI bhI adhyayana nahIM milate haiM kintu samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM kramazaH sAta aura ATha vargoM ke ullekha milate haiN| isase yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRtddazA kA prAcIna aMza vilupta ho gayA hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga aura nandI meM isake kramazaH sAta evaM ATha vargoM kA ullekha hone se itanA taya hai ki vartamAna antakRtdazA samavAyAMga aura nandI kI racanA ke samaya astitva meM A gayA thaa| ataH isakA vartamAna svarUpa IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavI zatI kA hai| isake prAcIna dasa adhyAyoM ke jo ullekha hameM sthAnAMga meM milate haiM unhIM dasa adhyayanoM ke ullekha digambara evaM yApanIya paramparA ke granthoM yathA akalaMka ke rAjavArtika, dhavalA, aMgaprajJapti Adi meM bhI milate haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki aMga ke prAcIna svarUpa ke vilupta ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI mAthurI vAcanA kI anumati se isameM sthAnAMga ullikhita isake dasa adhyAyoM kI carcA hotI rahI hai| ho sakatA hai ki isakI mAthurI vAcanA meM ye dasa adhyayana rahe hoNge| .: bahuta kucha yahI sthiti anuttaraupapAtikadazA kI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra kI sUcanA ke anusAra isameM nimna dasa adhyayana kahe gaye hai :.. 1. RSidAsa, 2. dhanya, 3. sunakSatra, 4. kArtika, 5. saMsthAna, 6. zAlibhadra, 7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XXII Ananda, 8. tetalI, 9. dazArNabhadra, 10. atimukt| upalabdha anuttaraupapAtikadazA meM tIna varga hai; usameM dvitIya varga meM RSidAsa, dhanya aura sunakSatra aise tIna adhyayana milate haiM isameM bhI dhanya kA adhyayana vistRta hai| sunakSatra aura RSidAsa ke vivaraNa atyanta saMkSepa meM hI haiN| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita zeSa sAta adhyAya vartamAna aupapAtikasUtra meM upalabdha nahIM hote| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yaha grantha vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya hI apane vartamAna svarUpa meM AyA hogaa| jahA~ taka praznavyAkaraNadazA kA prazna hai itanA nizcit hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu na kevala sthAnAMga meM ullikhita usakI viSayavastu se bhinna hai apitu nandI aura samavAyAMga meM ullikhita viSayavastu se bhI bhinna hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI vartamAna Asrava aura saMvaradvAra vAlI viSayavastu kA sarvaprathama nirdeza nandIcUrNi meM milatA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa sUtra I. san kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI ke madhya hI kabhI nirmita huA hai| itanA to nizcita hai ki nandI ke racayitA devavAcaka ke sAmane yaha grantha apane vartamAna svarUpa meM nahIM thaa| kintu jJAtAdharmakathA, antakRtdazA aura anuttaropapAtikadazA meM jo parivartana hue the, ve nandIsUtrakAra ke pUrva ho cuke the kyoMki vaha unake isa parivartita svarUpa kA vivaraNa dete haiN| aMga AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa ke pazcAt vipAkasUtra kA krama AtA hai| vipAkasUtra kI viSayavastu sela sambandhita ullekha sarvaprathama sthAnAMgasUtra meM dasa dazAoM meM karma vipAka dazA ke nAma se milatA hai| vahA~ para isake nimna dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha huA haiM : 1. mRgAputra, 2 gotrAsa, 3. aNDa, 4. zakaTa, 5. brAhmaNa 6. nandiSeNa, 7. zorika, 8. udumbara, 9. sahasroddAha Amaraka, 10. kumaarlicchvii| kintu samavAyAMga meM vipAkasUtra ke do zruta skandha aura 20 adhyayana batAye gaye hai| vartamAna meM bhI dukhavipAka aura sukhavipAka - aise do vibhAga ullikhita haiN| dukhavipAka ke dasa adhyayana nimna haiM : 1. mRgAputra, 2. ujjhitaka, 3. abhagnasena, 4. zakaTa, 5. bRhaspatidatta, 6. nandivardhana, 7. udambaradatta, 8. zoridatta, 9. devadattA, 10. aNjuu| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita nAmoM se inakI tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki mRgAputra, zakaTa, nandiSeNa (nandivardhana), zorika (zorikadatta), udumbara (udambaradatta) ye pA~ca nAma samAna kintu kucha zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha donoM granthoM meM milate hai| inake atirikta anya nAmoM meM spaSTa rUpa se antara dikhAI detA hai kintu nAmoM kA yaha antara maulika For Personal & Private Use Only

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XXIIL : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nahIM hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dUsare adhyayana kA jo gotrAsa nAma kahA gayA hai vaha vartamAna meM upalabdhA dukhavipAka ke dUsare adhyayana meM ullikhita ujjhitaka ke hI pUrva bhava kA nAma hai isI prakAra abhagnasena nAmaka tIsare adhyAya kA nAma bhI usake dvArA pUrva bhava meM aNDe kA vyApAra karane ke kAraNa aNDa kahA gayA hai| bRhaspatidatta ke jAti se brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa sthAnAMgasUtra meM usa adhyAya kA nAma brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| sahasroddAha-Amaraka kA sambandha bhI rAjA kI mAtA ko tapta zalAkA se mArane vAlI devadattA ke sAtha jur3A hai| ataH ise devadattA nAma diyA gayA hai| kumAralicchavI ke sthAna para jo aMjU nAma upalabdha hotA hai vaha nAma bhI usake apane antima bhava meM kisI seTha ke yahA~ aMjU nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karane ke kAraNa huA hai| ata: nAmoM ko isI bhinnatA se kathAvastu kI samarUpatA meM koI antara nahIM AyA hai| vipAkasUtra ke dUsare vibhAga sukhavipAka ke jo dasa adhyayana hai unakA sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahI koI nirdeza nahIM hai| aisA lagatA hai ki yaha vivaraNa paravartI kAla meM kintu valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva isameM jor3A gayA hai| bArahaveM aMgasUtra ko dRSTivAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| zabdika artha kI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI evaM samakAlIna vibhinna dArzanika mata-matAntaroM (dRSTiyoM) evaM vicAroM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hogaa| dRSTivAda ke mUlataH pA~ca adhikAra mAne gaye hai- 1 parikarma, 2 sUtra, 3. prathamAnuyoga (kathAe~), 4. pUrvagata aura 5 cuulikaa| yaha bhI svAbhAvika hai kI isake pUrvagata bhAga ke antargata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzva ke dArzanika vicAroM kA saMkalana rahA hogaa| Aja jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI zAkhAe~ isa Agama grantha ke lupta hone kI bAta svIkAra karatI hai phira bhI unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki isake pUrvagata vibhAga ke AdhAra para paravartI kAla meM aneka granthoM kI racanA huI hai kintu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha aMga Agama apane mUla svarUpa meM sthira nahIM raha skaa| cAhe dRSTivAda Aja apane mUla svarUpa meM anupalabdha ho kintu usake kucha aMza zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM surakSita hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke kucha adhyayana, dazAsUtraskandha, vRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi Agama grantha tathA jIvasamAsa, karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha Adi karma sAhitya ke grantha pUrvo ke AdhAra para hI nirmita hue hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI kaSAyapAhuDa, SaTakhaNDAgama Adi ko pUrvo se udRta mAnA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki cAhe sampUrNa rUpa meM na sahI kintu AMzika rUpa se pUrva sAhitya hameM Aja bhI vibhinna granthoM meM upalabdha ho rahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XIV aMga AgamoM ke prastuta adhyayana se eka bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki aMga AgamoM kA bahuta-sA bhAga kAlakrama meM vilupta huA hai sAtha hI vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva evaM vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya usakI sAmagrI ko na kevala saMkalita kiyA gayA apitu usameM saMzodhana, parivartana, parivardhana evaM vilopa bhI huA hai| ina granthoM ke pustakArUr3ha hone se pUrva jo zruta paramparA calatI rahI, vaha bhI ina granthoM ke pAThabheda Adi kA kAraNa rahI aMga AgamoM meM upAsakadazAMga ko chor3akara sAmanyatayA eka ora purAnI sAmagrI kA vilopa tathA dUsarI ora navIna sAmagrI kA prakSepa donoM hI huA hai phira bhI aMga AgamoM ke rUpa meM jo sAhitya nidhi hameM Aja upalabdha hai vaha bhI bhAratIya saMskRti vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke prAcIna svarUpa ko spaSTa karane meM bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| jaisA ki hamane saMketa kiyA hai ki prastuta kRti AcArya zrI (tatkAlIna yuvAcArya) rAmeza ke sAnidhya meM huI saMgoSThI, meM paThita AlokhoM kA eka saMkalana hai phira bhI ise aMga Agama sAhitya ke paricaya kI dRSTi se vyApaka banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA tathA isa dRSTi se hamane una kucha pakSoM para jinake sandarbha meM hame samucita Alekha prApta nahIM ho pAye, pUrva prakAzita kucha granthoM se tatsambandhI sAmagrI kA cayana kara unheM prakAzita kiyA gyaa| yadyapi aMga Agama sAhitya meM jJAna-vijJAna bhI jo vividha vidhAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM una sabako sammilita kara pAnA to saMbhava nahIM hai phira bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI pakSoM kA vivecana ho jAe, yaha avazya dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai| kRti ke prArambha meM hI sva paM becaradAsa jI kI AcAMrAga kI viSayavastu sambandhI vicAroM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai jo usakA eka saMkSipta kintu samagra paricaya prastuta karatA hai| dUsarA Alekha DaoN surendra varmA kA hai jisameM unhoMne AcArAMga se kucha mahatvapUrNa sUtroM kA cayana kara unakI vyAvahArika jIvana meM prAMsagikatA evaM mahatva ko ujAgara kiyA hai| tIsarA Alekha DaoN sAgaramala jaina kA hai jo AcArAMga meM prastuta sUtroM kA Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSA karatA hai| cauthe Alekha meM DaoN zrI prakAza pANDeya ne sUtrakRtAMga ke sAmAnya paricaya ke sAtha - sAtha usameM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kA paricaya diyA hai| pA~cavA~ Alekha sthAnAMga ke mahatvapUrNa pakSoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| sthAnAMga jaina sAhitya kA prAcIna koza grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| apane isa Alekha meM DA sAgaramala jaina meM sthAnAMga ke vividha AyAmoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| chaThe Alekha meM DaoN azoka kumAra ne sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga kI viSayavastu kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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xxV : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA punarAvRtti ko lekara carcA kI hai isI krama meM unhoMne viSayavastu para bhI AMzika dRSTi se prakAza DAlA hai| sA~tave Alekha meM DaoN mAyA jaina ne bhagavatI sUtra kA sAmAnya paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| bhagavatI jaise Akara grantha ke saMbaMdha meM yadyapi yaha Alekha prAthamika prayAsa hI kahA jA sakatA hai phira bhI jana-sAmAnya ko grantha kA paricaya dene kI apekSA se yaha paryApta hai| SaSTa aMga Agama jJAtAdharmakathAMga hai apane nAma ke anurUpa hI yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kathita kucha upamAparaka aura kucha vyaktiparaka kathAe~ prastu karatA hai| DaoN prema sumana jaina ne apane Alekha me ina kathAoM ke vaiziSTya evaM unakI mUlyavattA para prakAza DAlA hai| .. sAtave aMga Agama ke rUpa meM upAsakaMdazA kA nAma AtA hai| yaha grantha aMga Agama sAhitya kA aisA ekamAtra grantha hai jo zrAvakoM ke AcAra se sambandhita hai prastuta kRti meM DaoN rajjana kumAra ne zrAvaka jIvana ke vividha pakSoM para vyApaka prakAza DAlA AThavA~ aMga Agama antakRtadazAoM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isameM tapasvI sAdhakoM ke jIvana caritra vizeSa rUpa se unakI sAdhanA pakSa ko varNita kiyA hai prastuta kRti meM isa Agama para hameM do Alekha prApta hue hai| DaoN sAgaramala jaina ne apane Alekha meM mukhya rUpa se antakRta kI viSayavastu ke sandarbha meM kaba aura kaise parivartana huA isakA paricaya diyA hai| jabaki zrI mAnamala kudAla ne grantha ke sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura sAdhanA pakSa para vicAra kiyA hai| naveM aMga Agama anuropapAtikadazA ke sandarbha meM DaoN atula kumAra prasAda siMha ne vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| dasaveM aMga Agama prazna vyAkaraNa ke sandarbha meM DaoN sAgaramala jaina kA Alekha prApta hai| isa Alekha meM unhoMne mukhya rUpa se kAlakrama me prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra kI viSaya vastu meM kaisA kaisA parivartana AyA, isakI carcA kI hai| gyArahaveM aMga Agama vipAkasUtra ke sandarbha meM DaoN sureza sisodiyA kA Alekha prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo grantha ke sAmAnya paricaya ke sAtha isake mahatvapUrNa sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika pakSoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| bAharaveM aMga Agama dRSTivAda ke sandarbha meM hameM eka Alekha DaoN. udayacanda jaina kA prApta hai isa Alekha meM unhoMne mukhyataH digambara granthoM meM vizeSa rUpa se SaTakhaNDAgama meM dRSTivAda kI viSayavastu ke AdhArabhUta sUtroM ko prastuta kiyA hai| cUMki unakA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : XXVI Alekha mukhyataH zauraseNI prAkRta meM nibaddha rahA ataH jana sAdhAraNa ko dRSTivAda kI viSayavastu se paricita karAne hetu sva. AcArya zrI devendra muni jI zAstrI kA eka Alekha uddhRta kara yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai| aMga AgamoM ke bhASA viSayaka adhyayana hetu prastuta kRti ke anta meM DaoN. jagatarAma bhaTTAcArya kA aMgrejI bhASA meM prastuta mahatvapUrNa Alekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hamArI dRSTi meM prastuta kRti aMga AgamoM aura unakI viSayavastu ko lekara jo eka bahuAyAmI gambhIra cintana prastuta karatI hai vaha nizcita hI vidvat jagata ko Agamika dizA meM prerita karegI, aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only sAgaramala jaina sureza sisodiyA

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pRSTha - 70 83 96 117 150 viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. lekhaka . lekha 01. aMgagraMthoM kA aMgaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga paM. becaradAsa dozI 02. AcArAMga ke kucha mahattvapUrNa sUtra ; eka vizleSaNa pro. surendra varmA 03. Adhunika manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM AcArAMga-sUtra ; eka adhyayana pro. sAgaramala jaina 04. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra : eka dArzanika adhyayana DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 05. sthAnAMgasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pro. sAgaramala jaina 06. sthAnAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM punarAvRtti kI samasyA 130 DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 07. vyAkhyAprajJapti : svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa DaoN mAyA jaina .08. jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 159 pro. premasumana jaina upAsakadazAMga kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 167 DaoN rajjana kumAra .. 10. antakRddazA kI viSaya vastu ; eka punarvicAra pro. sAmaramala jaina 11. antagar3adazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 205 mAnamala kudAla 12. anuttaropapAtikadazA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 228 DaoN. atula kumAra prasAda siMha 13. praznavyAkaraNasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 258 .... pro. sAgaramala jaina ":14. vipAkasUtraM : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 15. didvivAdaNucitaMNaM-dRSTivAda ; eka anuciMtana 277 - DaoN udayacanda jaina . .16. dRSTivAda 292 svaM AcArya zrI devendra muni zAstrI , 17. Linguistic Study of the Canonical Literature (Amga) with 298 special reference to the vowels and single consonants Dr. Jagatram Bhattacharya 195 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ANGA SAHITYA : MANANA AURA MIMANSA For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMgagranthoM kA aMtaraMga paricaya : AcArAMga - paM. becaradAsa dozI aMgoM ke bAhya paricaya meM aMgagranthoM kI zailI, bhASA, prakaraNa-krama tathA viSaya-vivecana kI carcA kI gii| aMtaraMga paricaya meM nimnokta pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA jAegA :1. acelaka va sacelaka donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM nirdiSTa aMgoM ke viSayoM kA ullekha va unakI vartamAna viSayoM ke sAtha tulanA / 2. aMgoM ke mukhya nAmoM tathA unake adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kI crcaa| ___ pAThAntaroM, vAcanAbhedoM tathA chandoM ke viSaya meM nirdesh| ___ aMgoM meM upalabdha upodghAta dvArA unake kartRvya kA vicaar| ___ aMgoM meM Ane vAle kucha AlApakoM kI cUrNi, vRtti ityAdi ke anusAra tulanAtmaka crcaa| 6. aMgoM meM Ane vAle anyamatasambandhI ullekhoM kI crcaa| 7. aMgoM meM Ane vAle vizeSa prakAra ke varNana, vizeSa nAma, nagara ityAdi ke nAma tathA samAjika evaM aitihAsika ullekh| ____. aMgoM meM prayukta mukhya-mukhya zabdoM ke viSaya meM nirdesh| ...' acelaMka paramparA ke rAjavArtika, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTasAra, aMgapaNNatti Adi granthoM meM batAyA hai ki AcArAMga' meM manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi, bhikSAzuddhi, IryAzuddhi, utsargazuddhi, zayanAsanazuddhi tathA vinayazuddhi - ina ATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna hai| . *jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga -1, paM. becaradAsa dozI, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, dvi saM varSa 1989 se sAbhAra uddhRta -sampAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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2 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMgasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai nirgranthasambandhI AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vainayika, sthAna, gamana, saMkramaNa, pramANa, yogayojanA, bhASA, samiti, gupti, zayyA, upadhi, AhAra-pAnI sambandhI udgama, utpAda, eSaNAvizuddhi evaM zudazuddhagrahaNa, vrata, niyama, tapa, upadhAna, jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra tathA vIryAcAraviSayaka suprazasta vivecana AcArAMga meM upalabdha hai| . naMdIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki AcArAMga meM zramaNa nirgranthoM ke AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vanayika, zikSA, bhASA, abhASA, caraNakaraNa, yAtrA, mAtrA tathA vividha abhigraha viSayaka vRttiyoM evaM jJAnAcArAdi pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM AcArAMga ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa karate hue prAraMbha meM hI "AyAra-goyara" ye do zabda rakhe gaye haiN| ye zabda AcArAMga ke prAMrabhika adhyayanoM meM nahIM milate / vimoha athavA vimokSa nAmaka aSTama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM "AyAra-gocara'' aisA ullekha milatA hai| isI adhyayana ke dUsare uddezaka meM "AyAragoyaraM Aikkhe" isa vAkya meM bhI AcAra-gocaraviSayaka nirUpaNa hai| aSTama adhyayana meM sAdhaka zramaNa ke khAna-pAna tathA vastra-pAtra ke viSaya meM bhI carcA hai| isameM usake nivAsasthAna kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI acelaka-yathAjAta zramaNa tathA usakI manovRtti kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| isI prakAra ekavastradhArI, dvivastradhArI tathA trivastradhArI bhikSuoM evaM unake kartavyoM va manovRttiyoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa AcAra-gocara kI bhUmikArUpa AdhyAtmika yogyatA para hI prAraMbhika adhyayanoM meM bhAra diyA gayA hai| viSaya :- vartamAna AcArAMga meM kyA uparyukta viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai? yadi hai to kisa prakAra? uparyukta rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga ke jina viSayoM kA ullekha hai ve itane vyApaka va sAmAnya hai ki gyAraha aMgoM meM se pratyeka aMga meM kisI na kisI prakAra unakI carcA AtI hI hai| inakA sambandha kevala AcArAMga se hI nahIM hai| acelaka paramparA ke rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga ke zrutaskandha, adhyayana Adi ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unameM kevala usakI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 3 padasaMkhyA ke viSaya meM ullekha AtA hai| sacelaka paramparA ke samavAyAMga tathA nandIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki AcArAMga ke do zrutaskandha haiM, paccIsa adhyayana haiN| inameM padasaMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI ullekha milate haiN| AcArAMga ke do zratuskandhoM meM se prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma "brahmacarya hai| isake nau adhyayana hone ke kAraNa ise "navabrahmacarya" kahA gayA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha kI cUlikArUpa hai| isakA dUsarA nAma "AcArAgra' bhI hai| vartamAna meM pracalita paddhati ke anusAra ise prathama zrutaskandha kA pariziSTa bhI kaha sakate haiN| rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM AcArAMga kA jo viSaya batAyA gayA hai vaha dvitIya zrutaskandha meM akSarazaH mila jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM niyuktikAra va vRttikAra kahate haiM ki sthavira purUSoM ne ziSyoM ke hita kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke aprakaTa artha ko prakaTa karavibhAgazaH spaSTa kara cUlikArUpa-AcArAgrarUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI racanA kI hai| navabrahmacarya ke prathama adhyayana "zastraparijJA" meM samAraMbha-samAlaMbha athavA AraMbha-AlaMbha arthAt hiMsA ke tyAgarUpa saMyama ke viSaya meM jo vicAra sAmAnya taura para rakhe gaye haiM, unhIM kA yathocita vibhAga kara dvitIya zrutaskandha meM paMca mahAvratoM evaM unakI bhAvanAoM ke sAtha hI sAtha saMyama kI ekavidhatA, dvividhatA Adi kA va cAturyAsa, paMcayAma, rAtribhojanatyAga ityAdi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyayana "lokavijaya ke pA~cave uddezaka meM Ane vAle "savvAmagaMdhe parinnAya nirAmagaMdhe parivvae'' tathA "adissamANe kaya-vikkaesu" ina vAkyoM meM evaM AThaveM vimokSa athavA vimoha nAmaka adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezka meM Ane vAle "se bhikkhU parakkameMjja vA ciTThejja vA ........... sUsANaMsi vA rUkkhamUlasi vA.........." isa vAkya meM jo bhikSucaryA saMkSepa meM batAI gaI hai use dRSTi meM rakhate hue dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ekAdaza piNDeSaNAoM kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra dvitIya adhyayana ke paMcama uddezaka meM nirdiSTa "vatthaM paDiggaha kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM oggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM' ko mUlabhUta mAnate hue vastraMSaNA, avagrahapratimA, zayyA Adi kA AcArAgra meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka ke "gAmANugAmaM dUijjamANassa" isa vAkya meM AcAracUlikA For Personal & Private Use Only

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4: aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA 44 ke sampUrNa IryA adhyayana kA mUla vidyamAna hai| dhUta nAmaka chaThe adhyayana ke pA~cave uddezaka ke " Aikkhe vibhae kiTTe veyavI" isa vAkya meM dvitIya zrutaskandhaM ke 'bhASAjAta " adhyayana kA mUla hai| isa prakAra navabrahmacaryarUpa prathama zrutaskandha AcAracUlikArUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kA AdhArastambha hai| 44 prathama zrutaskandha ke upadhAnazruta nAmaka nauveM adhyayana ke do uddezakoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI caryA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se ati mahatvapUrNa varNana hai| yaha varNana jainadharma kI bhittirUpa AMtarika evaM bAhya aparigraha kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahatva kA hai| vaidika paramparA ke hiMsArUpa AlaMbhana kA sarvathA niSedha karane vAlA evaM ahiMsA ko hI dharmarUpa batAne vAlA zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana bhI kama mahattva kA nahIM hai| isameM hisArUpa snAnAdi zaucadharma ko cunautI dI gaI hai| sAtha hI vaidika va bauddha paramparA ke muniyoM kI hiMsArUpa caryA ke viSaya meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para vivecana kiyA gayA hai evaM "sarva prANoM kA hanana karanA cAhie" isa prakAra kA kathana anAryoM kA hai tathA " kisI bhI prANa kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie" isa prakAra kA kathana AryoM kA hai, isa mata kI puSTi kI gaI hai| " avareNa puvvaM na saraMti ege","tahAgayA u" ityAdi ullekhoM dvArA tathAgata buddha ke mata kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| " yato vAco nivartante" jaise upaniSad vAkyoM se milate-julate " savve sarA niyaTTati, takkA jatthaM na vijjaI" ityAdi vAkyoM dvArA AtmA kI agocaratA batAI gaI hai / acelaka - sarvathA nagna, eka vastradhArI, dvivastradhArI tathA trivastradhArI bhikSuoM kI caryA se sambandhita mahatvapUrNa ullekha prathama zrutaskandha meM upalabdha haiN| ina ullekhoM meM sacelakatA aura acelakatA kI saMgatirUpa sApekSa maryAdA kA pratipAdana hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM Ane vAlI sabhI bAteM jainadharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se, jainamuniyoM kI caryA kI dRSTi se evaM samagra jainasaMgha kI aparigrahAtmaka vyavasthA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| acelakatA va sacelakatA :- bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM acelakatAsacelakatA kA koI vizeSa vivAda na thA / sudharmAsvAmI ke samaya meM bhI acelaka va sacelaka prathAoM kI saMgati thii| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM acelaka arthAt For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 5 vastrarahita bhikSu ke viSaya meM to ullekha AtA hai kintu karapAtrI arthAt pANipAtrI bhikSu ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vIranirvANa ke hajAra varSa bAda saMkalita kalpasUtra ke samAcArI-prakaraNa kI 253, 254 evaM 255vIM kaMDikA meM "pANipaDiggahiyassa bhikkhussa" ina zabdoM meM pANipAtrI athavA karapAtrI bhikSu kA spaSTa ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| Age kI kaMDikA meM "paDiggahadhArissa bhikkhussa" ina zabdoM meM pAtradhArI bhikSu kA bhI ullekha hai| isa prakAra sacelaka paramparA ke Agama meM acelaka va sacelaka kI bhAMti karapAtrI evaM pAtradhArI bhikSuoM kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vastradhArI bhikSuoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivecana AtA hai| isameM sarvathA acelaka bhikSu ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM milatA / vaise mUla meM to bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI jaise sAmAnya zabdoM kA hI prayoga huA hai kintu jahA~-jahA~ bhikSu ko aise vastra lene cAhie, aise vastra nahIM lene cAhie / aise pAtra lene cAhie, aise pAtra nahIM lene cAhie - ityAdi caryA kA vidhAna hai vahA~ sacelaka athavA pANipAtra bhikSu kI caryA ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha kA jhukAva sacelaka prathA kI ora hai| sambhavataH isIlie svayaM niyuktikAra ne isakI racanA kA dAyitva sthaviroM para DAlA hai| sudharmAsvAmI kA jhukAva donoM paramparaoM kI sApekSa saMgati kI ora mAlUma par3atA hai| isa jhukAva kA pratibimba prathama zrutaskandha meM dikhAI detA hai| dUsarA anumAna yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki nagnatA tathA sacelakatA (jIrNavastradhAritva athavA alpavastradhAritva) donoM prathAoM kI mAnyatA hone ke kAraNa jo samudAya apanI zArIrika, mAnasika athavA sAmAjika paristhitiyoM evaM maryAdAoM ke kAraNa sacalekatA kI ora jhukane lagA ho usakA pratinidhitva dUsare zrutaskandha meM kiyA gayA ho| jisa yuga kA yaha dvitIya zrutaskandha hai usa yuga meM bhI acelakatA samAdaraNIya mAnI jAtI thI evaM sacelakatA kI ora jhukA huA samudAya bhI acelakatA ko eka viziSTa tapazcaryA ke rUpa meM dekhatA thA evaM apanI amuka maryAdAoM ke kAraNa vaha svayaM usa ora nahIM jA sakatA thaa| etadviSayaka aneka pramANa agazAstroM For Personal & Private Use Only

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6 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| aMgasAhitya meM acelakatA evaM sacelakatA donoM prathAoM kA sApekSa samarthana milatA hai| acelaka arthAt yathAjAta evaM sacelaka arthAt alpavastradhArI - ina donoM prakAra ke sAdhaka zramaNoM meM amuka prakAra kA zramaNa apane ko adhika utkRSTa samajhe evaM dUsare ko apakRSTa samajhe, yaha ThIka nhiiN| yaha bAta AcArAgra ke mUla meM hI kahI gaI hai| vRttikAra ne bhI apane zabdoM meM isI Azaya ko adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne tatsambandhI eka prAcIna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai jo isa prakAra hai| : jo vi duvatthativattho bahuvattha acelao va sNthri| na hU te hIlaMti paraM savve vi a te jiNANAe / / - dvitIya zrutaskandha, sU 286, pR. 327 para vRtti. koI cAhe dvivastradhArI ho, trivastradhArI ho, bahuvastradhArI ho athavA nirvastra ho kintu unhe eka dUsare kI avahelanA nahIM karanI cAhie / nirvastra aisA na samajhe ki maiM utkRSTa hU~ aura ye dvivastradhArI Adi apakRSTa haiN| isI prakAra dvivastradhArI. Adi aisA na samajhe ki hama utkRSTa haiM aura yaha trivastradhArI yA nirvastra zramaNa apakRSTa haiM, unheM eka- dUsare kA apamAna nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki ye sabhI jina bhagavAna kI AjJA kA anusaraNa karane vAle haiN| -- isase spaSTa hai ki nirvastra va vastradhArI donoM ke prati mUla sUtrakAra se lagAkara vRttikAraparyanta samasta AcAryoM ne apanA samabhAva vyakta kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM Ane vAle kezI - gautamIya nAmaka 23veM adhyayana ke saMvAda meM bhI isI tathya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra ke paryAya :- jahA~-jahA~ dvAdazAMga arthAt bAraha aMgagraMthoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiM, sarvatra prathama nAma acArAMga kA AtA hai| AcAra ke paryAyavAcI nAma niryuktikAra ne isa prakAra batAye haiM :- AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, Agara, AsAsa, Ayarisa, aMga, AiNNa, AjAti evaM aamokss| ina dasa nAmoM meM Adi ke do nAma bhinna nahIM apitu eka hI zabda ke rUpAntara haiN| " AcAla" ke "ca" kA lopa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 7 nahIM huA he jaMbaki "AyAra" meM "ca" lupta hai| isake atirikta "AcAla" meM mAgadhI bhASA ke niyama ke anusAra "ra" kA "la" huA hai| "AgAla" zabda bhI "AyAra" se bhinna mAlUma nahIM pdd'taa| "ya" tathA "ga" kA prAcIna devanAgarI lipi kI apekSA se bhI inakA mizraNa asambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM "AyAra" ke bajAya "AgAla" kA vAcana saMbhava hai| isI prakAra "AgAla' evaM 'Agara" bhI bhinna mAlUma nahIM pdd'te| "Agara" zabda ke "gA" ke "A" kA hasva hone para "Agara' evaM 'AgAra" ke "ra" kA "la' hone para "AgAla'' honA sahaja hai| "AiNNa (AcIrNa) nAma meM "cara" dhAtu ke bhUtakRdaMta kA prayoga huA hai| ise dekhate hue "AyAra'' ke antargata isa nAma kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, Agara evaM AiNNa bhinna-bhinna zabda nahIM apitu eka hI zabda ke vibhinna rUpAntara haiN| AsAsa, Ayarisa, aMga, AjAti evaM amokSa zabda AyAra zabda se bhinna hai| inameM se "aMga" zabda kA sambandha pratyeka ke sAtha rahA huA hai jaise AyAraaMga athavA AyAraMga ityaadi| AyAra-AcAra sUtra zrutarUpa purUSa kA eka viziSTa aMga hai ataH ise AyAraMga-AcArAMga kahA jAtA hai| "AjAti'' zabda sthAnAMga sUtra meM do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai- janma ke artha meM va AcAradazA nAmaka zAstra ke dasaveM adhyayana ke nAma ke rUpa meN| saMbhavataH AcAradazA va AcAra ke nAmasAmya ke kAraNa AcAradazA ke amuka adhyayana kA nAma samagra AcArAMga ke lie prayukta huA ho| AsAsa Adi zeSa zabdoM kI koI ullekhanIya vizeSatA pratIta nahIM hotii| . prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayana :- navabrahmacaryarUpa prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM upalabdha hai| isI prakAra kA anya ullekha AcArAMganiyukti (gA 31-2) meM bhI milatA hai| tadanusAra nau adhyayana isa prakAra haiM :- 1. satthapariNNA (zastraparijJA), 2. logavijaya (lokavijaya), 3. sIosaNijja (zItoSNIya), 4. sammatta (samyaktva), 5. AvaMti (yAvanta), 6. dhUa (dhUta), 7. vimoha (vimoha athavA vimokSa), 8. uvahANasua (upadhAnazruta), 9. mahApariNNA (mhaaprijnyaa)| naMdisUtra kI haribhadrIya tathA malayagirikRta vRtti meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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8: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA mahApariNNA kA krama AThavA~ tathA uvahANasua kA krama navavA~ hai| AcArAMga -niyukti meM dhua ke bAda mahApariNNA, usake bAda vimoha va usake bAda uvahANasua kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra adhyayanakrama meM kucha antara hote hue bhI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se saba ekamata haiN| ina navoM adhyayanoM kA eka sAmAnya nAma navabrahmacarya bhI hai| yahA~ brahmacarya zabda vyApaka artha - saMyama ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| AcArAMga kI upalabdha vAcanA meM "chaThA dhUa, sAtavA~ mahApariNNA, AThavA~ vimoha evaM navavA~ uvahANasua"- isa prakAra kA krama hai| niyuktikAra ne tathA vRttikAra zIloka ne bhI yahI krama svIkAra kiyA hai| prastuta carcA meM isI krama kA anusaraNa kiyA jaaegaa| uparyukta nau adhyayanoM meM se prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastraparijJA hai| isameM kula milAkara sAta uddezaka-prakaraNa haiN| niyuktikAra ne ina uddezakoM kA viSayakrama nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA hai ki prathama uddezaka meM jIva ke astitva kA nirUpaNa hai tathA Age ke chaH uddezakoM meM pRthvIkAya Adi cha: jIvanikAyoM ke AraMbha - samAraMbha kI carcA hai| ina prakaraNoM meM zastra zabda kA aneka bAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai evaM laukika zastra kI apekSA sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke zastra ke abhidheya kA spaSTa parijJAna karAyA gayA hai| ataH zabdArtha kI dRSTi se bhI isa adhyayana kA zastraparijJA nAma sArthaka hai| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai| isameM kula chaH uddezaka hai| kucha sthAnoM para "gaDhie loe, loe pavvahie, logavipassI, viittA logaM, vaMtA logasannaM logassa kammasamAraMbhA" isa prakAra ke vAkyoM meM "loka' zabda kA prayoga to milatA hai kintu sAre adhyayana meM kahIM bhI "vijaya' zabda kA prayoga nahIM dikhAI detA phira bhI samagra adhyayana meM lokavijaya kA hI upadeza hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ vijaya kA artha lokaprasiddha jIta hI hai| loka para vijaya prApta karanA arthAt saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa rUpa krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha- ina cAra kaSAyoM ko jItanA, yahI isa adhyayana kA sAra hai| niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana ke chahoM uddezakoM kA jo viSayAnukrama batAyA hai vaha usI rUpa me upalabdha hai| vRttikAra ne bhI usI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| isa adhyayana kA mukhya uddezya vairAgya bar3hAnA, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 9 saMyama meM dRr3ha karanA, jAtigata abhimAna ko dUra karanA, bhogoM kI Asakti se dUra rakhanA, bhojanAdi ke nimitta hone vAle AraMbha-samAraMbha kA tyAga karavAnA, chur3avAnA Adi hai| mamatA tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma sIosaNijja - zItoSNIya hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| zIta arthAt zItalatA athavA sukha evaM uSNa arthAt paritApa athavA duHkh| prastuta adhyayana meM ina donoM ke tyAga kA upadeza hai| adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI "sIosiNaccAI" (zItoSNatyAgI) aisA zabda prayoga bhI upalabdha hai| isa prakAra adhyayana kA zItoSNIya nAma sArthaka hai| niryuktikAra ne cAroM uddezakoM kA viSayAnukrama isa prakAra batAyA hai- prathama uddezaka meM asaMyamI ko supta-sote hue kI koTi meM ginA gayA hai| dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki isa prakAra se supta vyakti mahAn duHkha kA anubhava karate haiN| tRtIya uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ke lie kevala duHkha sahana karanA arthAt dehadamana karanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| use cittazuddhi kI bhI vRddhi karate rahanA caahie| caturtha adhyayana meM kaSAya-tyAga, pApakarma - tyAga evaM saMyamotkarSa kA nirUpaNa hai| yahI viSayakrama vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha hai| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma sammatta - samyaktva hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM hiMsA kI sthApanA karane vAle anya yUthikoM ko anArya kahA gayA hai evaM unase prazna kiyA gayA hai ki unheM mana kI anukUlatA sukharUpa pratIta hotI hai athavA mana kI pratikUlatA? isaprakAra isa uddezaka meM bhI ahiMsAdharma kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM nirdoSa tapa kA arthAt kevala dehadamana kA hI nahIM apitu cittazuddhipoSaka akrodha, alobha, kSamA, saMtoSa Adi guNoM kI vRddhi karane vAle tapa kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| caturtha uddezaka meM samyaktva kI prApti ke lie arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra evaM samyaktapa kI prApti ke lie yatna karane kA upadeza hai| isaprakAra yaha adhyayana samyaktva kI prApti ke lie prareNA dene vAlA hai| isameM aneka sthAnoM para "sammattadasiNo, sammaM evaM ti" Adi vAkyoM meM sammatta - samyaktva zabda kA sAkSAt nirdeza bhI hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana kA samyaktva nAma sArthaka hai| viSayAnukrama kI dRSTi se bhI niryuktikAra va sUtrakAra meM sAmya hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niyuktikAra ke kathanAnusAra pA~cave adhyayana ke do nAma haiM- AvaMti va loksaar| adhyayana ke prArambha, madhya evaM anta meM AvaMti zabda kA prayoga huA hai ataH ise AvaMti nAma de sakate haiN| isameM jo kucha nirUpaNa hai vaha samagraloka kA sArarUpa hai ataH ise lokasAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI "loka" zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| anyatra bhI aneka bAra "loka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| samagra adhyayana meM kahIM bhI "sAra" zabda kA prayoga dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| adhyayana ke anta meM zabdAtIta evaM buddhi va tarka se agamya Atmatatva kA nirUpaNa hai| yahI nirUpaNa sArarUpa hai, yoM samajhakara isakA nAma lokasAra rakhA gayA ho, yaha saMbhava hai| isake cha: uddezaka haiN| niyuktikAra ne inakA jo viSayakrama batAyA hai vaha Aja bhI isI rUpa meM upalabdha hai| inameM sAmAnya zramaNacaryA kA pratipAdana hai| chaThe adhyAya kA nAma dhUta hai| adhyayana ke Arambha meM hI "agghAi se dhUyaM nANaM" isa vAkya meM dhUya -dhUta zabda kA ullekha hai| Age bhI "dhUyavAyaM pavessAmi" yoM kaha kara dhUtavAda kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isaprakAra prastuta adhyayana kA dhUta nAma sArthaka hai| hamArI bhASA meM "avadhUta" zabda kA jo artha pracalita hai vahI artha prastuta dhUta zabda kA bhI hai| isa adhyayana ke pA~ca uddezaka haiN| isameM tRSNA ko jhaTakane kA upadeza hai| AtmA meM jo sayaNa yAne sadana, zayana yA svajana, upakaraNa, zarIra, rasa, vaibhava, satkAra Adi kI tRSNA vidyamAna hai use jhaTaka kara sApha kara denA caahie| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma mahAparinnA - mahAparijJA hai| yaha adhyayana vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai kintu isa para likhI gaI niyukti upalabdha hai| isase patA calatA hai ki niyuktikAra ke sAmane yaha adhyayana avazya rahA hogaa| niyuktikAra ne "mahAparinnA" ke "mahA" evaM "parinnA" ina do padoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha hI parinnA ke prakAroM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai evaM antima gAthA meM batAyA hai ki sAdhaka ko devAMganA, narAMganA, va tiryaJcAMga ina tInoM kA mana, vacana va kAyA se tyAga karanA caahie| isa parityAga kA nAma mahAparijJA hai| isa adhyayana kA viSaya niyuktikAra ke zabdoM meM "mohasamutthA parisahuvasaggA" arthAt mohajanya parISaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 11 athavA upasarga haiN| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra zIlAMkadeva kahate haiM ki saMyamI zramaNa ko sAdhanA meM vighnarUpa se utpanna mohajanya parISahoM athavA upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA caahie| strI-saMsarga bhI eka mohajanya parISaha hI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIrakRta AcAravidhAnoM meM bahmacarya arthAt trividha strI saMsargatyAga pradhAna hai| paramparA se cale Ane vAle cArayAmoM - cAra mahAvratoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brahmacarya vrata ko alaga se jodd'aa| isase patA calatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM etadviSayaka kitanI zithilatA rahI hogii| isa prakAra ke upazaithilya evaM AcArapatana ke yuga meM koI vighnasaMtoSI kadAcit isa adhyayana ke lopa meM nimitta banA ho to koI Azcarya nhiiN| AThaveM adhyayana ke do nAma mAlUma par3ate haiM :- eka vimokkha athavA vimokSa aura dUsarA vimoh| adhyayana ke madhya meM "icceyaM vimohAyayaNaM' tathA "aNupuvveNa vimohAiM" va adhyayana ke anta meM "vimohannayaraM hiyaM" ina vAkyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se "vimoha' zabda kA ullekha hai| yahI zabdaprayoga adhyayana - ke nAmakaraNa meM nimittabhUta mAlUma hotA hai| niyuktikAra ne nAma ke rUpa meM "vimokkha-vimokSa' zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai| vRttikAra zIlAMkasUri mUla va niyukti donoM kA anusaraNa karate haiN| artha kI dRSTi se vimoha va vimokkha meM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai| prastuta adhyayana ke ATha uddezaka haiN| uddezakoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha adhyayana zeSa AThoM adhyayanoM se bar3A hai| niyuktikAra kA kathana hai * ki ina AThoM uddezakoM meM vimokSa nirUpaNa hai| vimokSa kA artha hai alaga ho jAnA-sAtha meM na rhnaa| vimoha kA artha hai moha na rakhanA - saMsarga na krnaa| prathama uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki jina anagAroM kA AcAra apane AcAra se milatA na dikhAI de unake saMsarga se mukta rahanA cAhie - unake sAtha nahIM rahanA cAhie athavA vaise anagAroM se * moha nahIM rakhanA cAhie - unakA saMga nahIM karanA caahie| dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki AhAra, pAnI, vastra Adi dUSita hoM to unakA tyAga karanA cAhie- unase alaga rahanA cAhie - una para moha nahIM rakhanA caahie| tRtIya uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki sAdhu ke zarIra kA kaMpana dekhakara yadi koI gRhastha zaMkA kare ki yaha sAdhu kAmAveza For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke kAraNa kAMpatA hai to usakI zaMkA ko dUra karanA cAhie - use zaMkA se mukta karanA cAhie - usakA zaMkArUpa jo moha hai use dUra karanA cAhie / Age ke uddezakoM meM upakaraNa evaM zarIra ke vimokSa athavA vimoha ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai jisakA sAra yaha hai ki yadi aisI zarIrika paristhiti utpanna ho jAya ki saMyama kI rakSA na ho sake athavA strI Adi ke anukUla athavA pratikUla upasarga hone para saMyama - bhaMga kI sthiti paidA ho jAya to vivekapUrvaka jIvana kA moha chor3a denA cAhie arthAt zarIra Adi se AtmA kA vimokSa karanA caahie| . . naveM adhyayana kA nAma uvahANasUya-upadhAnazruta hai| isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI gaMbhIra dhyAnamaya va dhIratapomaya sAdhanA kA varNana hai| upavana zabda tapa ke paryAya ke rUpa meM jaina pravacana meM prasiddha hai isIlie isakA nAma upadhAnazruta rakhA gayA mAlUma hotA hai| niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana ke nAma ke lie "uvahANasuya" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake cAra uddezaka meM dIkSA lene ke bAda bhagavAna ko jo kucha sahana karanA par3A usakA varNana hai| unhoMne sarvaprakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga kara aMhisAmaya caryA svIkAra kI / ve hemanta Rtu meM arthAt kar3akar3AtI ThaMDI meM gharabAra chor3a kara nikala par3e evaM kaThora pratijJA kI ki "isa vastra se zarIra ko DhakU~gA nahIM, ityaadi| dvitIya evaM tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAn ne kaise-kaise sthAnoM meM nivAsa kiyA evaM vahA~ unheM kaise-kaise parISaha sahana karane par3e, yaha batAyA gayA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki bhagavAn ne kisa prakAra tapazcaryA kI, bhikSAcaryA meM kyA-kyA va kaisA zuSka bhojana liyA, kitane samaya taka pAnI piyA va na piyA, ityaadi| pahale "AcAra" ke jo paryAyavAcI zabda batAye haiM unameM eka "AiNNa" zabda bhI hai| AiNNa kA artha hai AcIrNa arthAt aacrit| AcArAMga meM jisa prakAra kI caryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaisI hI caryA kA jisane AcaraNa kiyA hai usakA isa adhyayana meM varNana hai| isI ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue sampUrNa AcArAMga kA eka nAma "AiNNa' bhI rakhA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ke saba milAkara 51 uddezaka haiN| inameM se sAtaveM adhyayana mahAparijJA ke sAtoM uddezakoM kA lopa ho jAne ke kAraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 13 vartamAna meM 44 uddezaka hI upalabdha haiN| niryuktikAra ne ina saba uddezakoM kA viSayAnukrama batAyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kI cUlikAe~ :- AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha pA~ca cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai| inameM se prathama cAra cUlikAe~ to AcArAMga meM hI haiM kintu pA~cavIM cUlikA vizeSa vistRta hone ke kAraNa AcArAMga se bhinna kara dI gaI hai jo nizIthasUtra ke nAma se eka alaga grantha ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai| nandisUtrakAra ne kAlika sUtroM kI gaNanA meM " nisIha" nAmaka jisa zAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha AcArAgra-AcAra-cUlikA kA yahI prakaraNa ho sakatA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma AcArakalpa athavA AcAraprakalpa bhI hai jisakA ullekha niryukti, sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM milatA hai| AcArAgra kI cAra cUlikAoM meM se prathama cUlikA ke sAta adhyayana haiM :1. piNDaiSaNA, 2. zayyaiSaNA, 3. IryeSaNA, 4. bhASAjAtaiSaNA, 5. vastraiSaNA, 6. pAtraiSaNA, 7. avgrhaissnnaa| dvitIya cUlikA ke bhI sAta adhyayana hai :- 1. sthAna, 2. niSIdhikA, 3. uccAraprasravaNa, 4. zabda, 5. rUpa, 6. parikriyA, 7. anyonyakriyA / tRtIya cUlikA meM bhAvanA nAmaka eka hI adhyayana hai caturtha cUlikA meM bhI eka hI adhyayana hai jisakA nAma vimukti hai| isa prakAra cAroM cUlikAoM meM kula solaha adhyayana hai| ina adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kI yojanA tadantargata viSayoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue niyuktikAra ne kI pratIta hotI hai| piNDaiSaNA Adi samasta nAmoM kA vivecana niryuktikAra ne nikSepapaddhati dvArA kiyA hai / piNDa kA artha hai AhAra, zayyA kA artha hai nivAsasthAna, IryA kA artha hai gamanAgamana pravRtti, bhASAjAta kA artha hai bhASAsamUha, avagraha kA artha hai gamanAgamana kI sthAnamaryAdA / vastra, pAtra, sthAna zabda va rUpa kA vahI artha hai jo sAmAnyatayA pracalita hai| niSIdhikA arthAt svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna karane kA sthAna, uccAraprasravaNa arthAt dIrghazaMkA evaM laghuzaMkA, parakriyA arthAt dUsaroM dvArA kI jAnevAlI sevAkriyA, anyonyakriyA arthAt paraspara kI jAne vAlI anucita kriyA, bhAvanA arthAt cintana, vimukti arthAt vItarAgatA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA piNDaiSaNA adhyayana meM gyAraha uddezaka haiM jinameM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko apanI sAdhanA ke anukUla saMyama-poSaNa ke lie Ahara-pAnI kisa prakAra prApta karanA caahie| saMyama-poSaNa nivAsasthAna kI prApti ke sambandha meM zayyaiSaNA nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM savistAra vivecana hai| isake tIna uddezaka haiN| Iya'SaNA adhyayana meM kaise calanA, kisa prakAra ke mArga para calanA Adi kA vivecana hai| isake bhI tIna uddezaka haiN| bhASAjAta adhyayana meM zramaNa ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanI cAhie, kisake sAtha kaise bolanA cAhie Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM do uddezaka haiN| vastraiSaNA adhyayana meM vastra kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie ityAdi kA vivecana hai| isameM bhI do uddezaka haiN| pAtraiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM pAtra ke rakhane va prApta karane kA vidhAna hai| isake bhI do uddezaka haiN| avagraheSaNA adhyayana meM zramaNa ko apane lie svIkAra karane ke maryAdita sthAna ko kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie, yaha batAyA gayA hai| isake bhI do uddezaka haiN| isa prakAra prathama cUlikA ke kula milAkara pacIsa uddezaka hai| dvitIya cUlikA ke sAtoM adhyayana uddezakarahita haiN| prathama adhyayana meM sthAna evaM dvitIya meM niSIdhikA kI prApti ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya meM dIrghazaMkA va laghuzaMkA ke sthAna ke viSaya meM vivecana hai| caturtha va paMcama adhyayana meM kramazaH zabda va rUpaviSayaka nirUpaNa hai jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra ke zabda va rUpa se zramaNa meM rAgadveSa utpanna nahIM honA caahiye| chaThe meM parakriyA evaM sAtaveM meM anyonyakriyAviSayaka vivecana hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM jo AcAra batAyA gayA hai usakA AcaraNa kisane kiyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara tRtIya cUlikA meM hai| isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caritra kA varNana hai| prathama zrutaskandha ke navama adhyayana upadhAnazruta meM bhagavAn ke janma, mAtA-pitA, svajana ityAdi ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| inhIM saba bAtoM kA varNana tRtIya cUlikA meM hai| isameM pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM unakI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra "bhAvanA" ke varNana ke kAraNa isa cUlikA kA bhAvanA nAma sArthaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 15 caturtha cUlikA meM kevala gyAraha gAthAe~ haiM jinameM vibhinna upamAoM dvArA vitarAga ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| antima gAthA meM sabase anta meM "vimuccai'' kriyApada hai| isI ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue isa cUlikA kA nAma vimukti rakhA gayA hai| ___ eka rocaka kathA :- uparyukta cAra culikAoM meM se antima do cUlikAoM ke viSaya meM eka rocaka kathA milatI hai| yadyapi niyuktikAra ne yaha spaSTa batAyA hai ki AcArAgra kI pA~ca cUlikAe~ sthavirakRta haiM phira bhI AcArya hemacandra ne tRtIya va caturtha cUlikA ke sambandha meM eka aisI kathA dI hai jisameM inakA sambandha mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjita sImaMdhara tIrthaMkara ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| yaha kathA pariziSTa parva ke navama sarga meM hai| isakA sambandha sthUlabhadra ke bhAI zriyaka kI kathA se hai| zriyaka kI bar3I bahana sAdhvI yakSA ke kahane se zriyaka ne upavAsa kiyA aura vaha mara gyaa| zriyaka kI mRtyu kA kAraNa yakSA apane ko mAnatI rhii| kintu vaha zrIsaMgha dvArA nirdoSa ghoSita kI gaI evaM use zriyaka kI hatyA kA koI prAyazcita nahIM diyA gyaa| yakSA zrIsaMgha ke isa nirNaya se santuSTa na huii| usane ghoSaNA kI ki jina bhagavAn khuda yadi yaha nirNaya deM ki maiM nidoSa hU~ tabhI mujhe santoSa ho sakatA hai| taba samasta zrIsaMgha ne zAsanadevI kA AvhAna karane ke lie kAusagga-kAryAtsarga- dhyAna kiyaa| aisA karane para turanta zAsanadevI upasthita huI evaM sAdhvI yakSA ko apane sAtha mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjita sImaMdhara bhagavAn ke pAsa le gii| sImaMdhara bhagavAn ne use nirdoSa ghoSita kiyA evaM prasanna hokara zrIsaMgha ke lie nimnokta cAra adhyayanoM kA upahAra diyAH bhAvanA, vimukti, ratikalpa aura vicitrcryaa| zrIsaMgha ne yakSA ke mukha se sunakara prathama do adhyayanoM ko AcArAMga kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM evaM antima do adhyayanoM ko dazavaikAlika kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM jor3a diyaa| hemacandrasUri likhita isa kathA ke prAmANya-aprAmANya ke viSaya meM carcA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| unhoMne yaha ghaTanA kahA~ se prApta kI, yaha avazya zodhanIya hai| dazavekAlika-niyukti, AcArAMga-niyukti, haribhadrakRta dazavaikAlika-vRtti, zIlAMkakRta AcArAMga-vRtti Adi meM isa ghaTanA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA padyAtmaka aMza :- AcArAMga prathamazrutaskandha ke vimoha nAmaka aSTama adhyayana kA sampUrNa AThavA~ uddezaka padyamaya hai| upadhAnazruta nAmaka sampUrNa navama adhyayana bhI padyamaya hai yaha bilkula spaSTa hai| isake atirikta dvitIya adhyayana lokavijaya, tRtIya adhyayana zItoSNIya evaM SaSTha adhyayana dhUta meM kucha padya bilkula spaSTa hai| ina padyoM ke atirikta AcArAMga meM aise aneka padya aura haiM jo mudrita pratiyoM meM gadya ke rUpa meM chape hue hai| cUrNikAra kahIM-kahIM."g2AhA" (gAthA) zabda dvArA mUla ke padyabhAga kA nirdeza karate hai kintu vRttikAra ne to zAyada hI aisA kahIM kiyA ho| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke sampAdaka zrI zubriga ne apane saMskaraNa meM samasta padyoM meM spaSTa pRthakkaraNa kiyA hai evaM unake chaMdoM para bhI jarmana bhASA meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai tathA batAyA gayA hai ki inameM AryA, jagatI, triSTubha, vaitAlIya, zloka Adi kA prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI bauddha piTakagrantha suttanipAta ke padyoM ke sAtha AcArAMga prathamazrutaskandha ke padyoM kI tulanA bhI kI hai| Azcarya hai ki zIlAMka se lekara dIpikAkAra taka ke prAcIna va arvAcIna vRttikAroM kA dhyAna AcArAMga ke padya bhAga ke pRthakkaraNa kI ora nahIM gyaa| vartamAna bhAratIya saMzodhakoM, saMpAdakoM evaM anuvAdakoM kA dhyAna bhI isa ora na jA sakA, yaha kheda kA viSaya hai| AcArAgrarUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI prathama do cUlikAe~ pUrI gadya meM hai| tRtIya cUlikA meM do - cAra jagaha padya kA prayoga bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| isameM mahAvIra kI sampati ke dAna ke sambandha meM upalabdha varNana chaH AryAoM meM hai| mahAvIra dvArA dIkSAzivikA meM baiTha kara jJAtakhaNDa vana kI ora kiye gaye prasthAna kA varNana bhI gyAraha AryAoM meM hai| bhagavAna jisa samaya sAmAyika cAritra aMgIkAra karane ke lie pratijJAvacana kA uccAraNa karate haiM usa samaya upasthita jana-samUha isaprakAra zAnta ho jAtA hai mAno vaha citralikhita ho| isa dRzya kA varNana bhI do AryAoM meM hai| Age pA~ca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAoM kA varNana karate samaya aparigraha vrata kI bhAvanA ke varNana meM pA~ca anuSTubhoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isaprakAra bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya cUlikA meM kula caubIsa padya haiN| zeSa sampUrNa aMza padya meM hai| vimukti nAmaka caturtha cUlikA pUrI padyamaya hai| isameM kula gyAraha padya haiM jo upajAti jaise kisI chanda meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 17 likhe gaye pratIta hote haiN| suttanipAta ke AmagaMdhasutta meM bhI aise chaMda kA prayoga huA hai| isa chaMda meM pratyeka pAda meM bAraha akSara hote haiN| isa prakAra pUre dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kula paiMtIsa padyoM kA prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga kI vAcanAe~ :- naMdisUtra va samavAyAMga meM likhA hai ki AcArAMga kI aneka vAcanAe~ haiN| vartamAna meM ye saba vAcanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiM kintu zIlAMka kI vRtti meM svIkRta pATharUpa eka vAcanA va usameM nAgArjunIya ke nAma se ullikhita dUsarI vAcanA- isa prakAra do vAcanAe~ prApya haiN| nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke pAThabheda vartamAna pATha se bilakula vilakSaNa hai| udAharaNa ke taura para vartamAna meM AcArAMga meM eka pATha isa prakAra upalabdha hai : kaTTu evaM avayANao biiyA maMdassa bAliyA laddhA hurtthaa| AcArAMga a. 5, u. 1, sU, 145 isa pATha ke ba'jAya nAgArjunIya pATha isa prakAra hai : z2e khalu visae sevaI sevittA NAloei, pareNa vA puTTo niNhavai, ahavA taM paraM saeNa vA doseNa pAviTThayareNa vA doseNa uvaliMpijjatti / AcArya zIlAMka ne apanI vRtti meM jo pATha svIkAra kiyA hai usameM aura nAgArjunIya pATha meM zabda racanA kI dRSTi se bahuta antara hai, yadyapi Azaya meM bhinnatA nahIM hai| nAgarjunIya pATha svIkRta pATha kI apekSA ati spaSTa evaM vizad hai / udAharaNa ke lie eka aura pATha leM : virAgaM rUvesu gacchejjA mahayA khuDDaehi (esa) vA / - - AcArAMga a. 3, u. 3, sU, 117. isa pATha ke bajAya nAgArjunIya pATha isa prakAra hai : trisamma paMcagammi vi duvihammitiyaM tiyaM / bhAvao suTu jANittA sa na lippai dosu vi|| nAgArjunIya pAThAntaroM ke atirikta vRttikAra ne aura bhI aneka pAThabheda diye For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA haiM, jaise :- "moyaNAe" ke sthAna para "bhoyaNAe", "citte" ke sthAna para "ciTTe", "piyAuyA" ke sthAna para "piyAyayA" ityaadi| saMbhava hai, isa prakAra ke pAThabheda mukhAgrazruta kI paramparA ke kAraNa athavA pratilipikAra ke lipidoSa ke kAraNa hue hoN| ina pATha bhedoM meM vizeSa arthabheda nahIM hai| hA~ kabhI-kabhI inake artha meM antara avazya dikhAI detA hai| udAharaNa ke lie "jAtimaraNamoyaNAe' kA artha hai janma aura mRtyu se mukti prApta karane ke lie, jabaki "jAtimaraNabhoyaNAe' kA artha hai jAtibhoja athavA mRtyubhoja ke uddezya se| yahA~ jAtibhoja kA artha hai janma ke prasaMga para kiyA jAne vAlA bhojana kA samAraMbha athavA jAtivizeSa ke nimitta hone vAlA bhojana-samAraMbha evaM mRtyubhoja kA artha hai zrAddha athavA mRtkbhojn| AcArAMga ke kartA :- AcArAMga ke kartRvya ke sambandha meM isakA upodghAtAtmaka prathama vAkya kucha prakAza DAlatA hai| vaha vAkya isa prakAra hai- "suyaM meM AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAya" - he ciraJjIva! maiMne sunA hai ki una bhagavAna ne aisA kahA hai| isa vAkya racanA se yaha spaSTa hai ki koI tRtIya purUSa kaha rahA hai ki maiMne aisA sunA hai ki bhagavAn ne yoM kahA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki mUla vaktA bhagavAn hai| jisane sunA hai vaha bhagavAn kA sAkSAta zrotA hai aura usI zrotA se sunakara jo isa samaya sunA rahA hai, vaha zrotA kA zrotA hai| yaha paramparA vaisI hI hai jaise koI eka mahAzaya pravacana karate hoM, dUsare mahAzaya usa pravacana ko sunate hoM evaM sunakara use tIsare mahAzaya ko sunAte hoN| isase yaha dhvanita hotA ki bhagavAn ke mukha se nikale hue zabda to ve jyoM - jyoM bolate gaye tyoM-tyoM vilIna hote gye| bAda meM bhagavAn kI kahI huI bAta batAne kA prasaMga Ane para sunane vAle mahAzaya yoM kahate haiM ki maiMne bhagavAn se aisA sunA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki logoM ke pAsa bhagavAn ke khuda ke zabda nahIM Ate apitu kisI sunane vAle ke zabda Ate haiN| zabdoM kA aisA svabhAva hotA hai ki ve jisa rUpa se bAhara Ate haiM usI rUpa meM kabhI nahIM Tika skte| yadi unheM usI rUpa meM surakSita rakhane kI koI vizeSa vyavasthA ho to avazya vasA ho sakatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM isa prakAra ke vaijJAnika sAdhana upalabdha haiN| aise sAdhana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM vidyamAna na the| ataH hamAre sAmane jo For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 19 zabda haiM ve sAkSAt bhagavAna ke nahIM apitu unake haiM jinhoMne bhagavAn se sune haiN| bhagavAna ke khuda ke zabdoM va zrotA ke zabdoM meM zabda ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se vastutaH bahuta antara hai| phira bhI ye zabda bhagavAn ke hI haiM, isa prakAra kI chApa mana se kisI bhI prakAra nahIM miTa sktii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zabdayojanA bhale hI zrotA kI ho, Azaya to bhagavAn kA hI hai| __ aMgasUtroM kI vAcanAe~ :- aisI mAnyatA hai ki pahale bhagavAn Azaya prakaTa karate haiM, bAda meM unake gaNadhara arthAt pradhAna ziSya usa Azaya ko apanI-apanI zailI meM zabdabaddha karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the| ve bhagavAn ke Azaya ko apanI-apanI zailI va zabdoM meM granthita karane ke vizeSa adhikArI the| isase phalita hotA hai ki eka gaNadhara kI jo zailI va zabdaracanA ho vahI dUsare kI ho bhI aura na bhI ho, isIlie kalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka gaNadhara kI vAcanA bhinna-bhinna thii| vAcanA arthAt zailI evaM zabdaracanA / nandisUtra va samavAyAMga meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka aMgasUtra kI vAcanA paritta (arthAt parimita) athavA eka se adhika (arthAt aneka) hotI hai| gyAraha gaNadharoM meM se kucha to bhagavan kI upasthiti meM hI mukti prApta kara cuke the| sudharmAsvAmI nAmaka gaNadhara saba gaNadharoM meM dIrghAyu the| ataH bhagavAna ke samasta pravacana kA uttarAdhikAra unheM milA thaa| unhoMne use surakSita rakhA evaM apanI zailI va zabdoM meM granthita kara Age kI ziSya-praziSyaparamparA ko sauNpaa| isa ziSya-praziSTaparamparA ne bhI sudharmAsvAmI kI ora se prApta vasIyata ko apanI zailI va zabdoM meM bahuta lambe kAla taka kaNThastha rkhaa| ___AcArya bhadrabAhU ke samaya meM eka bhayaMkara va lambA duSkAla par3A / isa samaya pUrvagatazruta to sarvathA naSTa hI ho gayA kevala bhadrabAhu svAmI ko vaha yAda thA jo unake bAda adhika lambe kAla taka na Tika skaa| vartamAna meM isakA nAma nizAna bhI upalabdha nhiiN| isa samaya jo ekAdaza aMga upalabdha haiM unake viSaya meM pariziSTa parva ke navama sarga meM batAyA gayA hai ki duSkAla samApta hone ke bAda (vIranirvANa dUsarI zatAbdI) pATaliputra meM zramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA va jo aMga, adhyayana, uddezaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Adi yAda the una sabakA saMkalana kiyA : tatazca ekAdazAGgAni zrIsaMgha amelayat tdaa| jina-pravacana ke saMkalana kI yaha prathama saMgIti - vAcanA hai| isake bAda deza meM dUsarA duSkAla par3A jisase kaNThastha zruta ko phira hAni phuNcii| duSkAla samApta hone para punaH (vIranirvANa 9vIM zatAbdI) mathurA meM zramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA va skandilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM jina-pravacana kI dvitIya vAcanA huii| mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa ise mAthurI vAcanA bhI kahate haiN| bhadrabAhusvAmI evaM skandilAcArya ke samaya ke duSkAla va zrutasaMkalana kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi tathA nandicUrNi meM upalabdha hai| inameM duSkAla kA samaya bAraha varSa batAyA gayA hai| mAthurI vAcanA kI samakAlIna eka anya vAcanA kA ullekha karate hue kahAvalI nAmaka grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki valabhI nagarI meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM bhI isI prakAra kI eka vAcanA huI thI jise vAlabhI athavA nAgArjunIya vAcanA kahate haiN| ina vAcanAoM meM jina- pravacana granthabaddha kiyA gayA, isakA samarthana karate hue AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra kI vRtti (yogazAstraprakAza 3, patra 207) meM likhate hai: jinavacanaM ca duSNamAkAlavazAt ucchinnaprAyamiti matvA bhagavabhirnAgArjunaskandilAcAryaprabhRtibhiH pustakeSunyastam - kAla ke duSSamatA ke kAraNa (athavA duSSamAkAla ke kAraNa) jinapravacana ko lagabhaga ucchinna huA jAnakara AcArya nAgArjuna, skandilAcArya Adi ne use pustakabaddha kiyaa| mAthurI vAcanA valabhI vAcanA se aneka sthAnoM para alaga par3a gii| pariNAmataH vAcanAoM meM pAThabheda ho gye| ye donoM zrutaghara AcArya yadi paraspara milakara vicAra-vimarza karate to sambhavataH vAcanAbheda Tala sakatA thA kintu durbhAgya se ye na to vAcanA ke pUrva isa viSaya meM kucha kara sake aura na vAcanA ke pazcAt hI paraspara mila ske| yaha vAcanAbheda unakI mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaisA kA vaisA hI banA rhaa| ise vRttikAroM ne "nAgArjunIyAH punaH evaM paThanti' Adi vAkyoM dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA hai| mAthurI va valabhI vAcanA sampanna hone ke bAda vIranirvANa 980 athavA 993 meM devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne valabhI meM saMgha ekatrita kara usa samaya meM upalabdha samasta zruta ko pustakabaddha kiyaa| usa samaya se sArA zruta granthabaddha ho gyaa| taba se usake viccheda athavA viparyAsa kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 21 sambhAvanA bahuta kama ho gii| devarddhigaNikSamA zramaNa ne kisI prakAra kI naI vAcanA kA pravartana nahIM kiyA apitu jo zrutapATha pahale kI vAcanAoM meM nizcita ho cukA thA usI ko ekatra kara vyavasthita rUpa se granthabaddha kiyA / etadviSayaka upalabdha ullekha isa prakAra haiM : valahipurammi nayare devaDDhipamuheNa samaNasaMgheNa / putthaI Agamu lihio navasayaasIAo vIrAo // arthAt valabhIpura nAmaka nagara meM devarddhipramukha zramaNasaMgha ne vIranirvANa 980 ( matAntara se 993) meM AgamoM ko granthabaddha kiyA / devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa :- vartamAna samasta jaina prabandha - sAhitya meM kahIM bhI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa jaise mahAprabhAvaka AcArya kA sampUrNa jIvana - vRttAnta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inhoMne kina paristhitiyoM meM AgamoM ko granthabaddha kiyA? usa samaya anya kauna zrutadhara purUSa vidyamAna the? valabhIpura ke saMgha ne unake isa kArya meM kisa prakAra kI sahAyatA kI? ityAdi praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie vartamAna meM koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle AcArya prabhAcandra ne apane prabhAvaka - caritra meM anya aneka mahAprabhAvaka purUSoM kA jIvana caritra diyA hai kintu inakA kahIM nirdeza bhI nahIM kiyA hai| devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM ko granthabaddha karate samaya kucha mahatvapUrNa bAteM dhyAna meM rkhii| jahA~-jahA~ zAstroM meM samAna pATha Aye vahA~-vahA~ unakI punarAvRtti na karate hue unake lie eka vizeSa grantha athavA sthAna kA nirdeza kara diyA, , jaise:" jahA uvavAie" " jahA paNNavaNAe" ityAdi / eka hI grantha meM vahI bAta bAra-bAra Ane para use punaH punaH na likhate hue " jAva" zabda kA prayoga karate hue usakA antima zabda likha diyA, jaise- "NAgakumArA jAva viharaMti", "teNaM kAleNaM jAva parisA NiggayA" ityAdi / isake atirikta unhoMne mahAvIra ke bAda kI kucha mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ bhI AgamoM meM jor3a dI / udAharaNa ke lie sthAnAMga meM ullikhita dasa gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bahuta samaya bAda utpanna hue / yahI bAta For Personal & Private Use Only --

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22 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jamAli ko chor3akara zeSa nihnavoM ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| pahale se calI Ane vAlI mAthurI va valabhI ina do vAcanAoM meM se devarddhigaNI ne mAthurI vAcanA ko pradhAnatA dii| sAtha hI valabhI vAcanA ke pAThabheda ko bhI surakSita rkhaa| ina do vAcanAoM meM saMgati rakhane kA bhI unhoMne bharasaka prayatna kiyA evaM sabakA samAdhAna kara mAthurI vAcanA ko pramukha sthAna diyaa| mahArAja khAravela :-mahArAja khAravela ne bhI apane samaya meM jaina pravacana ke samuddhAra ke lie zramaNa - zramaNiyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA bRhad saMgha ekatra kiyaa| kheda hai ki isa sambandha meM kisI bhI jaina grantha meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| mahArAja khAravela ne kaliMgagata khaMDagiri va udayagiri para etadviSayaka jo vistRta lekha khudavAyA hai usameM isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha hai| yaha lekha pUrA prAkRta meM hai| isameM kaliMga meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke maMdira kI sthApanA evaM anya aneka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha "himavaMta therAvalI' nAmaka prAkRta saMskRta-mizrita paTTAvalI meM mahArAja khAravela ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki unhoMne pravacana kA uddhAra kiyaa| AcArAMga ke zabda :- uparyukta tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcArAMga ke kartavya kA vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa pratIta hogA ki isameM Azaya to bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hI hai| rahI bAta zabdoM kI to hamAre sAmane jo zabda haiM ve kisake haiM? isakA uttara itanA sarala nahIM hai| yA to ye zabda sudharmAsvAmI ke haiM yA jambUsvAmI ke hai yA unake bAda hone vAle kisI suvihita gItArtha ke haiN| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ye zabda itane paine haiM ki sunate hI sIdhe hadaya meM ghusa jAte haiN| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye kisI asAdhAraNa anubhavAtmaka AdhyAtmika parAkASThA para pahuMce hue purUSa ke hadaya meM se nikale hue hai evaM sunane vAle ne bhI inheM usI niSThA se surakSita rakhA hai| ataH isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki ye zabda sudharmAsvAmI kI vAcanA kA anusaraNa karane vAle haiN| sambhava hai inameM sudharmA ke khuda ke hI zabdoM kA pratibimba ho| yaha bhI asambhava nahIM ki ina pratibimbarUpa zabdoM meM se amuka zabda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke khuda ke zabdoM ke pratibimba ke rUpa meM hoM, amuka zabda For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 23 sudharmAsvAmI ke vacanoM ke pratibimba ke rUpa meM hoN| inameM se kauna se zabda kisa koTi ke haiM, isakA pRthakkaraNa yahA~ sambhava nhiiN| vartamAna meM hama gurunAnaka, kabIra, narasiMha mehatA, Anandaghana, yazovijaya upAdhyAya Adi ke jo bhajana - stavana gAte hai unameM mUla kI apekSA kucha-kucha parivartana dikhAI detA hai| isI prakAra kA thor3A-bahuta parivartana AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM pratIta hotA hai| yahI bAta sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| zeSa aMgoM ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM kaha skte| ye gItArtha sthaviroM kI racanAe~ hai| inameM mahAvIra Adi ke zabdoM kA Adhikya na hote hue bhI unake Azaya kA anusaraNa to hai hii| brahmacarya evaM brAhmaNa :- AcArAMga kA dUsarA nAma baMbhacera arthAt brahmacarya hai| isa nAma meM "brahma" aura "carya' ye do zabda hai| niyuktikAra ne brahma kI vyAkhyA karate hue nAmataH brahma, sthApanAtaH brahma, dravyataH brahma evaM bhAvataH brahma- isa prakAra brahma ke cAra bheda batalAye haiN| nAmataH brahma arthAt jo kevala nAma se brahma-brAhmaNa hai| sthApanAtaH brahma kA artha hai citrita brahma athavA brAhmaNoM kI nizAnI rUpa yajJopavItAdi yukta citrita AkRti athavA miTTi Adi dvArA nirmitta vaisA AkAra-mUrti-pratimA athavA jina manuSyoM meM bAhya cihnoM dvArA brahmabhAva kI sthApanA-kalpanA kI gaI ho, jinameM brahmapada ke arthAnusAra guNa bhale hI na hoM vaha sthApanAtaH brahma - brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai| yahA~ brahma zabda kA brAhmaNa artha vivakSita hai| mUlataH to brahma zabda brahmacarya kA hI vAcaka hai| cU~ki brahmacarya saMyama rUpa hai ataH . brahma zabda satraha prakAra ke saMyama sUcaka bhI haiN| isakA samarthana svayaM niyuktikAra ne (28vIM gAthA meM) kiyA hai| aisA hote hue bhI sthApanAtaH brahma kA svarUpa samajhAte hue niyuktikAra ne yajJopavItAdiyukta aura brAhmaNaguNavarjita jAti brAhmaNa ko bhI sthApanAtaH brahma kyoM kahA? kisI dUsare ko arthAt kSatriya, vaizya athavA zUdra ko sthApanAtaH brahma kyoM nahIM kahA? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jisa kAla meM AcArAMgasUtra kI - yojanA huI vaha kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra va sUdharmA kA thaa| usa kAla meM brahmacarya dhAraNa karane vAle adhikAMzataH brAhmaNa hote the| kisI samaya brAhmaNa vAstavika artha meM brahmacArI the kintu jisa kAla kI yaha sUtrayojanA hai usa kAla meM brAhmaNa apane For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA brAhmaNadharma se arthAt brAhmaNa ke yathArtha AcAra se cyUta ho gaye the| phira bhI brAhmaNa jAti ke bAhya cihnoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa brAhmaNa hI mAne jAte the / isa prakAra usa samaya guNa nahIM kintu jAti hI brAhmaNatva kA pratIka mAnI jAne lgii| suttanipAta ke brAhmaNadhammikasutta (cUlavagga, sU7) meM bhagavAna buddha ne isa viSaya meM sundara carcA kI hai| usakA sAra nIce diyA hai : zrAvastI nagarI jetavanasthita anAthapiNDika ke udyAna meM Akara Thahare hue bhagavAna buddha se kozala deza ke buddha va kulIna brAhmaNoM ne Akara prazna kiyA - " he gautama ! kyA Ajakala ke brAhmaNa prAcIna brAhmaNoM ke brAhmaNadharma ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hue dikhAI dete haiM?" buddha ne uttara diyA - "he brAhmaNoM ! Ajakala ke brAhmaNa purAne brAhmaNoM ke brAhmaNadharma ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hue dikhAI nahIM dete haiN|" brAhmaNa kahane lage - "he gautama! prAcIna brAhmaNadharma kyA hai, yaha hameM batAie / " buddha ne kahA - "prAcIna brAhmaNa RSi saMyatAtmA evaM tapasvI the| ve pA~ca indiyoM ke viSayoM kA tyAga kara Atmacintana karate / unake pAsa pazu na the, dhana na thA / svAdhyAya hI unakA dhana thaa| ve brAhmanidhi kA pAlana krte| loga unake lie zraddhApUrvaka bhojana banA kara dvAra para taiyAra rakhate va unheM denA ucita samajhate / ve avadhya the evaM unake lie kisI bhI kuTumba meM Ane-jAne kI koI roka-Toka na thI / ve ar3atAlIsa varSa taka kaumAra brahmacarya kA pAlana karate evaM prajJA va zIla kA sampAdana karate / RtukAla ke atirikta ve apanI priya strI kA sahavAsa bhI svIkAra nahIM krte| ve brahmacarya, zIla, Arjava, mArdava, tapa, samAdhi, ahiMsA evaM zAnti kI stuti karate / usa samaya sukumAra unnataskandha, tejasvI evaM yazasvI brAhmaNa svadharmAnusAra AcaraNa karate tathA kRtya-akRtya ke viSaya meM sadA dakSa rahate / ve cAvala, Asana, vastra, ghI, tela Adi padArtha bhikSA dvArA athavA dhArmika rIti se ekatra kara yajJa karate / yajJa meM ve govadha nahIM krte| jaba taka ve aise the taba taka loga sukhI the / kintu rAjA se dakSiNA meM prApta saMpatti evaM alaMkRta striyoM jaisI atyanta kSudra vastu se unakI buddhi bdlii| dakSiNA meM prApta govRnda evaM sundara striyoM meM brAhmaNa lubdha hue| ve ina padArthoM ke lie rAjA ikSvAku ke pAsa gaye aura kahane lage ki tere pAsa khUba dhana-dhAnya hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 25 khUba sampatti hai isalie tU yajJa kr| usa yajJa se sampatti prApta kara brAhmaNa dhanADhya hue| isa prakAra lolUpa hue brAhmaNoM kI tRSNA adhika bar3hI aura ve punaH ikSvAku ke pAsa gaye va use smjhaayaa| taba usane yajJa meM lAkhoM gAyeM mArI'' ityaadi| suttanipAta ke isa ullekha se prAcIna brAhmaNoM va patita brAhmaNoM kA thor3A bahuta paricaya milatA hai| niyuktikAra ne patita brAhmaNoM ko citrita kI koTi meM rakhate hue unakI dharmavihInatA evaM jar3atA kI ora saMketa kiyaa| - caturvarNa :- niyuktikAra kahate haiM ki pahale kevala eka manuSya jAti thii| bAda meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke rAjyArUr3ha hone para usake do vibhAga hue / bAda meM zilpa evaM vANijya prArambha hone para usake tIna vibhAga hue tathA zrAvakadharma kI utpatti hone para usI ke cAra vibhAga ho gye| isaprakAra niyukti kI mUla gAthA meM sAmAnyatayA manuSya jAti ke cAra vibhAgoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| usameM kisI varNa vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne vargoM ke vizeSa nAma batAte hue kahA hai ki jo manuSya bhagavAn ke Azrita the ve "kSatriya' khlaaye| anya saba "zUdra" gine gye| ve zoka evaM rodanasvabhAvayukta the ataH "zUdra" ke rUpa prasiddha hue| bAda * meM agni kI khoja hone para jinhoMne zilpa evaM vANijya apanAyA ve "vezya" khlaaye| bAda meM jo loga bhagavAn ke batAye hue zrAvakadharma kA paramArthataH pAlana karane lage evaM "mata haMno","mata hano" aisI ghoSaNA kara ahiMsAdharma kA udghoSa " karane lage ve "mAhana" arthAt "brAhmaNa" ke rUpa me prasiddha hue| Rgveda ke purUSa sUkta meM nirdiSTa caturvarNa kI utpatti se yaha krama bilakula bhinna hai| yahA~ sarvaprathama kSatriya, phira zUdra, phira vaizya aura anta meM brAhmaNoM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai jabaki ukta sUkta meM sarvaprathama brAhmaNa, bAda meM kSatriya, usake bAda vaizya aura anta meM zudra kI utpati batAI hai| niyuktikAra ne brAhmaNotpatti kA prasaMga dhyAna meM rakhate hue anya sAta varNoM evaM nau varNAntaroM kI utpatti kA krama bhI batAyA hai| ina saba varNa-varNAntaroM kA samAveza unhoMne sthApanAbrahma meM kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM cUrNikAra ne jo nirUpaNa kiyA hai vaha niyuktikAra se kucha For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhinna mAlUma par3atA hai| cUrNi meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya meM jo rAjA ke Azrita the ve kSatriya hue tathA jo rAjA ke Azrita na the ve gRhapati khlaaye| bAda meM agni kI khoja hone ke uparAnta una gRhapatiyoM meM se jo zilpa tathA vANijya karane vAle the ve vaizya hue| bhagavAn ke pravrajyA lene va bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke bAda bhagavAn ke upadeza dvArA zrAvakadharma kI utpatti hone ke anantara brAhmaNa. utpanna hue| ye zrAvaka dharmapriya the tathA "mA haNo mA haNo" rUpa ahiMsA kA udghoSa karane vAle the ataH logoM ne unheM mAhaNa -brAhmaNa nAma diyaa| ye brAhmaNa bhagavAn ke Azrita the| jo bhagavAna ke Azrita na the tathA kisI prakAra kA zilpa Adi nahIM karate the ve azrAvaka the / ve zokAtura va drohasvabhAvayukta hone ke kAraNa zUdra khlaaye| "zUdra" zabda ke "zU" kA artha zokasvabhAvayukta evaM "dra" kA artha drohasvabhAvayukta kiyA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ne caturvarNa kA krama kSatriya, zUdra, vaizya va brAhmaNa - yaha batAyA hai jabaki cUrNakAra ke anusAra yaha krama kSatriya, vaizya, brAhmaNa va zUdra- isa prakAra hai / isa krama-parivartana kA kAraNa sambhavataH vaidika paramparA kA prabhAva hai| sAta varNa va nava varNAntara :- niyuktikAra ne va tadanusAra cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne sAta varNAntarI kI utpatti kA jo krama batAyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va zUdra ye cAra mUla varNa haiN| inameM se brAhmaNa va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se utpanna honevAlA uttama kSatriya, zuddha kSatriya athavA saMkara kSatriya kahalAtA hai| yaha paMcama varNa hai| kSatriya va vaizya -strI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA uttama vaizya, zuddha vaizya athavA saMkara vaizya kahalAtA hai| yaha SaSTha varNa hai| isI prakAra vaizya va zuddha ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA uttama zuddha, zUdra zUdra athavA saMkara zUdra rUpa saptama varNa hai| ye sAta varNa hue| zuddha brAhmaNa va vaizya strI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA aMbaSTha nAmaka prathama varNAntara hai| isI prakAra kSatriya va zudra ke saMyoga se ugra, brAhmaNa va zudra ke saMyoga se niSAda athavA parAzara, zudra va vaizya - strI ke saMyoga se ayogava, vaizya va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se kSattRka, vaizya va brAhmaNI ke saMyoga se vaideha evaM zUdra brAhmaNI ke saMyoga se cAMDAla nAmaka anya ATha varNAntaroM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 27 kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| inake atirikta kucha anya varNAntara bhI haiN| ugra va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA zvapAka, vaideha va kSatriyANI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA vaiNava, nipAda va aMbaSThI athavA zUdra ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA bokkasa, zUdra va niSAdI ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAlA kukkuTaka athavA kukkuraka kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra varNoM va varNAntaroM kI utpatti kA svarUpa batAte hue cUrNikAra spaSTa zabdoM meM likhate haiM ki "evaM svacchaMdamativigappitaM" arthAt vaidika paramparA meM brAhmaNa Adi kI utpatti ke viSaya meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha saba svacchandamatiyoM kI kalpanA hai| uparyukta varNa-varNAntara sambandhI samasta vivecana manusmRti (a. 10, zloka 4-45) meM upalabdha hai| cUrNikAra va manusmRtikAra ke ullekhoM meM kahI-kahIM nAma Adi meM thor3A-thor3A antara dRSTigocara hotA hai| - zastraparijJA :- AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma satthaparinnA arthAta zastraparijJA hai| zastraparijJA arthAt zastroM kA jnyaan| AcArAMga zramaNa . - brAhmaNa ke AcAra se sambandhita grantha hai| usameM kahIM bhI yuddha athavA senA kA varNana nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM prathama adhyayana meM zastroM ke sambandha meM vivecana kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai? saMsAra meM lAThI, talavAra, khaMjara, bandUka Adi kI hI zastroM ke rUpa meM prasiddhi hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM aNubama, udjanabama Adi bhI zastra ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| aise zastra spaSTa rUpa se hiMsaka hai, yaha sarvavidita hai| AcArAMga ke kartA kI dRSTi se krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kAma, IrSyA matsara Adi kaSAya bhI bhayaMkara zastra hai| itanA hI nahIM, ina kaSAyoM dvArA hI uparyukta zastrAstra utpanna hue haiN| isa dRSTi seM kaSAyajanya samasta pravRttiyA~ zastrarUpa hai| kaSAya ke abhAva meM koI bhI pravRtti zastrarUpa nahIM hai| yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana va cintana hai| AcArAMga ke zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM kaSAyarUpa athavA kaSAyajanya pravRttirUpa zastroM kA hI jJAna karAyA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jo bAhya zauca ke bahAne pRthvI, jala ityAdi kA amaryAdita vinAza karate hai ve hiMsA to karate hI haiM, corI bhI karate haiN| isI kA vivecana karate hue cUrNikAra ne kahA hai ki "causaThThIe For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA maTTiyAhi sa NhAti" arthAt vaha causaTha (bAra) miTTI se snAna karatA hai| kucha vaidikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bhinna - bhinna aMgoM para kula milAkara cauMsaTha bAra miTTI lagAne para hI pavitra huA jA sakatA hai| manusmRti (a.5, zlo 135-145) meM bAhya zauca arthAt zarIra zuddhi va pAtra Adi kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM vistRta vidhAna hai usameM vibhinna kriyAoM ke bAda zuddhi ke lie kisa - kisa aMga para kitanI - kitanI. bAra miTTI va pAnI kA prayoga karanA cAhie, isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa vidhAna me gRhastha, brahmacArI, vanavAsI evaM yati kA alaga-alaga- vicAra kiyA gayA hai| arthAt inakI apekSA se miTTI va pAnI ke prayoga kI saMkhyA meM vibhinnatA batAI gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samAja ko Antarika zuddhi kI ora mor3ane ke lie kahA hai ki isaprakAra kI bAhya zuddhi hiMsA ko bar3hAne kA hI eka sAdhana hai| isase pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati tathA vAyu ke jIvoM kA kacUmara nikala jAtA hai| yaha ghora hiMsA kI jananI hai| isase aneka anartha utpanna hote haiN| zramaNa va brAhmaNa ko sarala bananA cAhie, niSkapaTa honA cAhie, pRthvI Adi ke jIvoM kA hamana nahIM karanA caahie| pRthvI Adi prANarUpa hai| isameM Agantuka jIva bhI rahate haiN| ataH zauca ke nimitta inakA upayoga karane se inakI tathA inameM rahane vAle prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| ataH yaha pravRtti zastrarUpa hai| AMtarika zuddhi ke abhilASiyoM ko isakA jJAna honA caahie| yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zastraparijJA pravacana kA sAra hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda va sparza ajJAniyoM ke lie AvartarUpa hai, aisA samajha kara vivekI ko inameM mucchita nahIM honA caahie| yadi pramAda ke kAraNa pahale inakI ora jhukAva rahA ho to aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie ki aba maiM inase bacUMgA- inameM nahIM phatUMgA - pUrvavat AcaraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| rUpAdi meM lolUpa vyakti vividha prakAra kI hiMsA karate dikhAI dete haiN| kucha loga prANiyoM kA vadha kara unheM pUrA kA pUrA pakAte haiN| kucha camar3I ke lie unheM mArate haiN| kucha kevala mAMsa, rakta, pitta, carabI, paMkha, pUMcha, bAla, sIMga, dA~ta, nakha, athavA haDDI ke lie unakA vadha karate hai| kucha zikAra kA zauka pUrA karane ke lie prANiyoM kA vadha karate hai| isaprakAra kucha loga apane kisI na kisI svArtha ke lie jIvoM kA krUratApUrvaka nAza karate haiM to kucha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 29 niSprayojana hI unakA nAza karane ko tatpara rahate haiN| kucha loga kevala tamAzA dekhane ke lie sAMDoM, hAthiyoM, murgo bagairaha ko lar3Ate haiN| kucha sA~pa Adi ko mArane meM apanI bahAdUrI samajhate haiM to kucha sA~pa Adi ko mAranA apanA dharma samajhate haiN| isa prakAra pUre zastraparijJA adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMsAra meM hone vAlI vividha prakAra kI hiMsA ke viSaya meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM evaM usake pariNAma kI ora logoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki yaha hiMsA hI grantha hai-parigraharUpa hai, moharUpa hai, mArarUpa hai, narakarUpa hai| kheradeha-avestA nAmaka pArasI dharmagrantha meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati, pazu, pakSI, manuSya Adi ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA aparAdha na karane kI arthAt unake prati ghAtaka vyavahAra ne karane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| yahI bAta manusmRti meM dUsarI taraha se kahI gaI hai| usameM cUlhe dvArA agni kI hiMsA kA, ghaTa dvArA jala kI hiMsA kA evaM isI prakAra ke anya sAdhanoM dvArA anya prakAra kI hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ghaTa, cUlhA, cakkI Adi ko jIvavadha kA sthAna batAyA gayA hai evaM gRhastha ke lie isake prati sAvadhAnI rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zastraparijJA meM jo mArga batAyA gayA hai vaha parAkASThA kA mArga hai| usa parAkASThA ke mArga para pahu~cane ke lie anya avAntara mArga bhI haiN| inameM se eka mArga hai gRhasthAzrama kaa| isameM bhI car3hate-utarate sAdhana haiN| ina saba meM eka bAta sarvAdhika mahatva kI hai aura vaha hai pratyeka prakAra kI maryAdA kA nirdhaarnn| isameM bhI jyoM-jyoM Age bar3hA jAya tyoM-tyoM maryAdA kA kSetra bar3hAyA jAya evaM anta meM anAsakta jIvana kA anubhava kiyA jaay| isI kA nAma ahiMsaka jIvanasAdhanA athavA AdhyAtmika zodhana hai| adhyAtma zuddhi ke lie deha, indriyA~, mana tathA anya bAhya padArtha sAdhanarUpa haiN| ina sAdhanoM kA upayoga ahiMsakavRttipUrvaka honA caahie| isa prakAra kI vRtti ke lie saMkalpazuddhi paramAvazyaka hai| saMkalpa kI zuddhi ke binA saba kriyAkANDa va pravRttiyA~ nirarthaka haiN| pravRtti bhale hI anya ho kintu honI cAhie sNklpshuddhipuurvk| AdhyAtmika zuddhi hI jinakA lakSya hai ve kevala bher3acAla athavA rUr3higata pravAha meM ba~dha kara nahIM cala skte| unake lie vivekayukta saMkalpazIlatA kI mhtii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA AvazyakatA hotI hai| dehadamana, indriyadamana, manodamana tathA Arambha - samArambha va viSaya-kaSAyoM ke tyAga ke sambandha meM jo bAteM zastraparijJA adhyayana meM batAI gaI haiM, ve saba bAteM bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para gItA evaM manusmRti meM bhI batAI gaI hai| manu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki lohe ke mukha vAlA kASTha (hala Adi) bhUmi kA evaM bhUmi meM rahe hue anya - anya prANiyoM kA hanana karatA hai| ataH kRSi kI vRtti nindita hai'| yaha vidhAna amuka koTi ke sacce brAhmaNa ke lie hai aura vaha bhI utsarga ke rUpa meN| apavAda ke taura para to aise brAhmaNa ke lie bhI isase viparIta vidhAna ho sakatA hai| bhUmi kI hI taraha jala Adi se saMbaMdhita Arambha - samArambha kA bhI manusmRti meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM " sarvArambhaparityAgI ko paNDita kahA gayA hai evaM batAyA gayA hai ki jo samasta Arambha kA parityAgI hai vaha guNAtIta hai| usameM dehadamana kI bhI pratiSThA kI gaI hai evaM tapa ke bAhya va Antarika svarUpa para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai|" jaina paramparA ke tyAgI muniyoM ke tapazcaraNa kI bhAMti kAyaklezarUpa tapa sambandhI prarUpaNA vaidika paramparA ko bhI abhISTa hai| isI prakAra jalazauca arthAt snAna AdirUpa bAhya zauca kA tyAga bhI vaidika paramparA ko iSTa hai|2 AcArAMga ke prathama va dvitIya donoM zrutaskandhoM meM AcAra-vicAra kA jo varNana hai vaha saba manusmRti ke chaThe adhyAya meM varNita vAnaprastha va saMnyAsa ke svarUpa ke sAtha milatA-julatA hai| bhikSA ke niyama, kAyakleza sahana karane kI paddhati, upakaraNa, vRkSa ke mUla ke pAsa nivAsa, bhUmi para zayana, eka samaya bhikSAcaryA, bhUmi kA avalokana karate hue gamana karane kI paddhati, caturtha bhakta, aSTama bhakta Adi aneka niyamoM kA jaina paramparA ke tyAgI varga ke niyamoM ke sAtha sAmya hai| AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana zastraparijJA meM samagra AcArAMga kA sAra A jAtA hai ataH yahA~ anya adhyayanoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana na karate hue AcArAMga meM Ane vAle paramatoM kA vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| 44 AcArAMga meM ullikhita paramata :- AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM jo paramatoM kA ullekha hai vaha kisI nAmapUrvaka nahIM apitu '"ege N' arthAt "kucha logoM" ke rUpa meM hai jisakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa cUrNi athavA vRtti meM kiyA gayA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 31 hai| prArambha meM hI arthAt prathama adhyayana ke prathama vAkya meM hI yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "ihaM egesi no sannA bhavai" arthAt isa saMsAra meM kucha logoM ko yaha bhAna nahIM hotA hai ki maiM pUrva se AyA huA hU~ yA dakSiNa se AyA huA hai athavA kisa dizA yA vidizA se AyA huA hU~ athavA Upara se yA nIce se AyA huA hU~? isI prakAra "egesi no nAyaM bhavai" arthAt kucha ko yaha patA nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA aupapAtika hai athavA anaupapAtika, maiM kauna thA va isake bAda kyA hoU~gA? isake viSaya meM sAmAnyatayA vicAra karane para pratIta hogA ki yaha bAta sAdhAraNa janatA ko lakSya karake kahI gaI hai| arthAt sAmAnya logoM ko apanI AtmA kA evaM usake bhAvI kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| vizeSarUpa se vicAra karane para mAlUma hogA ki yaha ullekha tatkAlIna bhagavAn buddha ke satkAryavAda ke viSaya meM hai / buddha nirvANa ko svIkAra karate haiM, pUnarjanma ko bhI svIkAra karate haiN| aisI avasthA meM ve AtmA ko na mAnate hoM aisA nahIM ho sktaa| unakA AtmaviSayakaM mata anAtmavAdI cArvAka jaisA nahIM hai| yadi unakA mata vaisA hotA to ve bhogaparAyaNa banate na ki tyAgaparAyaNa / ve AtmA ko mAnate avazya haiM kintu bhinna prakAra se / ve kahate haiM ki AtmA ke viSaya meM gamanAgamana sambandhI arthAt vaha kahA~ se AI hai, kahA~ jAegI - isa prakAra vicAra karane se vicAraka ke Asrava kama nahIM hote, ulaTe naye Asrava utpanna hone lagate haiN| ataeva AtmA ke viSaya meM " vaha kahA~ se AI hai va kahA~ jaaegii|" isa prakAra kA vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / majjhimanikAya ke savvAsava nAmaka dvitIya sutta meM bhagavAn buddha ke vacanoM kA yaha Azaya spaSTa hai| AcArAMga meM bhI Age (tRtIya adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM ) spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki "maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~? maiM kahA~ jAU~gA?" ityAdi vicAradhArAoM ko tathAgata buddha nahIM maante| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AtmaviSayaka vacanoM ko uddiSTa kara cUrNikAra kahate hai ki kriyAvAdI matoM ke eka sau assI bheda hai| unameM se kucha AtmA ko sarvavyApI mAnate haiN| kucha mUrtta, kucha amUrtta, kucha karttA, kucha akarttA mAnate haiN| kucha zyAmAka parimANa, kucha taMDulaparimANa, kucha aMguSThaparimANa mAnate haiN| kucha loga AtmA ko For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
32 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dIpazikhA ke samAna kSaNika mAnate haiN| jo akriyAvAdI haiM ve AtmA kA astitva hI nahIM mAnate / jo ajJAnavAdI - ajJAnI haiM ve isa viSaya meM koI vivAda hI nahIM krte| vinayavAdI bhI ajJAnavAdiyoM ke hI samAna haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko zyAmAkaparimANa, taNDulaparimANa, aMguSThaparimANa Adi mAnane ke ullekha upalabdha hai| prathama adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezyaka meM "aNagArA mo tti ege vayamANA'' arthAt "kucha loga kahate haiM ki hama anagAra hai'' aisA vAkya AtA hai| apane ko anagAra kahane vAle ye loga pRthvI Adi AlaMbhana arthAt hiMsA karate hue nahIM hickicaate| ye anagAra kauna haiM? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue cUrNikAra kahate haiM ki anagAra bauddha paramparA ke zramaNa haiN| ye loga grAma Adi dAna meM svIkAra karate haiM evaM grAmadAna Adi svIkRta kara vahA~ kI bhUmi ko ThIka karane ke lie hala, kudAlI Adi kA prayoga karate haiM tathA pRthvI kA va pRthvI meM rahe hue kITa-pataMgoM kA nAza karate haiN| isI prakAra kucha anagAra aise haiM jo snAna Adi dvArA jala kI va jala meM rahe hae jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| snAna nahIM karane vAle AjIvika tathA anya sarajaska zramaNa snAnAdi pravRtti meM nimitta pAnI kI hiMsA nahIM karate kintu pIne ke lie to karate hI hai| bauddha zramaNa (taccaNiyA) nahAne va pIne donoM ke lie pAnI kI hiMsA karate haiN| kucha brAhmaNa snAna - pAna ke atirikta yajJa ke bartanoM va anya upakaraNoM ko dhone ke lie bhI pAnI kI hiMsA karate haiN| isa prakAra AjIvika zramaNa, sarajaska zramaNa, bauddha zramaNa va brAhmaNa zramaNa kisI na kisI kAraNa se pAnI kA AlaMbhana -hiMsA karate hai| mUla sUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "ihaM ca khalu bho aNagArANaM udayaM jIvA viyAhiyA" arthAt jJAtaputrIya anagAroM ke pravacana meM hI jala ko jIvarUpa kahA gayA hai, "na aNNesi" (cUrNi) arthAta dUsaroM ke pravacana meM nhiiN| yahA~ "dUsaroM" kA artha bauddha zramaNa samajhanA caahie| vaidika paramparA meM to jala ko jIvarUpa hI mAnA gayA hai, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai| kevala bauddha paramparA hI aisI hai jo pAnI ko jIvarUpa nahIM maantii| isa viSaya meM miliMdapahA meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki pAnI meM jIva nahIM hai -"satva nahIM hai : na hi mahArAja ! udakaM jIvati, natthi udake jIvo vA satte vaa|" For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 33 dvitIya adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki hamAre pAsa devoM kA bala hai, zramaNoM kA bala hai| aisA samajhakara ve aneka hiMsAmaya AcaraNa karane se nahIM cuukte| ve aisA samajhate haiM ki brAhmaNoM ko khilAyeMge to paraloka meM sukha milegaa| isI dRSTi se ve yajJa bhI karate haiN| bakaroM, bhaiMsoM, yahA~ taka ki manuSyoM ke vadha dvArA caMDikAdi deviyoM ke yAga karate hai evaM carakAdi brAhmaNoM ko dAna deMge to dhana milegA, kIrti prApti hogI va dharma sadhegA, aisA samajhakara aneka AlaMbha - samAlaMbhana karate rahate haiN| isa ullekha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM dharma ke nAma para calane vAlI hiMsaka pravRtti kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| caturtha adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai isa jagat meM kucha zramaNa va brAhmaNa bhinna-bhinna rIti se vivAda karate hue kahate haiM ki hamane dekhA hai, hamane sunA hai hamane mAnA hai, hamane vizeSa taura se jAnA hai tathA U~cI-nIcI va tirachI saba dizAoM meM saba prakAra se pUrI sAvadhAnI pUrvaka patA lagAyA hai ki sarva prANa, sarva bhUta, sarva jIva, sarva sattva hanana karane yogya haiM, saMtApa pahu~cAne yogya haiM, upadruta karane yogya haiM evaM svAmitva karane yogya hai| aisA karane meM koI doSa nhiiN| isa prakAra kucha zramaNoM va brAhmaNoM ke mata kA nirdeza kara sUtrakAra ne apanA abhimata batAte hue kahA hai ki yaha vacana anAryoM kA hai arthAt isa prakAra hiMsA kA samarthana karanA anAryamArga hai| ise AryoM ne durdarzana kahA hai| duHzravaNa kahA hai, durmata kahA hai, durvijJAna kahA hai evaM duSpratyavekSaNa kahA hai| hama aisA kahate haiM, aisA bhASaNa karate haiM; aisA batAte haiM, aisA prarUpaNa karate haiM ki kisI bhI prANa, kisI bhI bhUta, kisI bhI jIva, kisI bhI sattva ko hananA nahI cAhie, trasta nahIM karanA cAhie, paritApa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhie, upadruta nahIM karanA cAhie evaM usa para svAmitva nahIM karanA caahie| aisA karane meM hI doSa nahIM hai| yaha Aryavacana hai| isake bAda sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki hiMsA kA vidhAna karane vAle evaM use nirdoSa mAnane vAle samasta pravAdiyoM ko ekatra kara pratyeka ko pUchanA cAhie ki tumheM mana kI anukUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai yA pratikUlatA? yadi ve kaheM ki hameM to mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai to unase kahanA cAhie ki jaise tumheM mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai vaise hI samasta prANiyoM, bhUtoM, jIvoM va sattvoM ko bhI mana kI pratikUlatA duHkharUpa lagatI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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34: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vimoha nAmaka AThaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki ye vAdI AlaMbhArthI haiM, prANiyoM kA hanana karane vAle haiM, hanana karAne vAle haiM, hanana karane vAloM kA samarthana karane vAle haiM, adatta ko lene vAle haiN| ve nimna prakAra se bhinna - bhinna vacana bolate haiM : loka hai, loka nahIM hai, loka adhruva hai, loka sAdi hai, loka anAdi hai, loka sAnta hai, loka ananta hai, sukRta hai, kalyANa hai, pApa hai, sAdhu hai; asAdhu hai, siddhi hai, asiddhi hai, naraka hai, anaraka hai| isaprakAra kI tatvaviSayaka vipratipatti vAle ye vAdI apane - apane dharma kA pratipAdana karate haiN| sUtrakAra ne saba vAdoM ko sAmAnyatayA yAdRcchika (Akasmika) evaM hetu zunya kahA hai tathA kisI nAma vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| inakI vyAkhyA karate hue cUrNikAra va vRttikAra ne vizeSataH vaidika zAkhA ke sAMkhya Adi matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai evaM zAkya arthAt bauddha bhikSuoM ke AcaraNa tathA unakI amuka mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| AcArAMga kI hI taraha dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta meM bhI bhagavAna buddha ke samaya ke aneka vAdoM kA ullekha hai| nirgranthasamAja :- tatkAlIna nirgranthasamAja ke vAtAvaraNa para bhI AcArAMga meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usa samaya ke nirgantha sAmAnyatayA AcAra sampanna, vivekI, tapasvI evaM vinItavRtti vAle hI hote the, phira bhI kucha aise nirgrantha bhI the jo vartamAna kAla ke avinIta ziSyoM kI bhA~ti apane hitaiSI gurU ke sAmane hone meM bhI nahIM hickicaate| AcArAMga ke chaThe adhyayana ke cauthe uddezaka meM isI prakAra ke ziSyoM ko uddiSTa karake batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra pakSI ke bacce ko usakI mAtA dAne de dekara bar3A karatI hai usI prakAra jJAnI purUSa apane ziSyoM ko dina - rAta adhyayana karAte haiN| ziSya jJAna prApta karane ke bAda "upazama" ko tyAga kara arthAt zAnti ko chor3akara jJAna dene vAle mahApurUSoM ke sAmane kaThora bhASA kA prayoga prArambha karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke utkRSTa tyAga, tapa va saMyama ke aneka jIte-jAgate AdarzoM kI upasthiti meM bhI kucha zramaNa tapa-tyAga-aMgIkAra karane ke bAda bhI usameM sthira nahIM raha sakate the evaM chipe-chipe dUSaNa sevana karate the| AcArya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 35 ke pUchane para jhUTha bolane taka ke lie taiyAra ho jAte the| prastuta sUtra meM aisA eka ullekha upalabdha hai jo isa prakAra hai :- "bahukrodhI, bahumAnI, bahukapaTI, bahulobhI", naTa kI bhA~ti vividha DhaMga se vyavahAra karane vAlA, zaThavat, vividha saMkalpa vAlA, AsravoM meM Asakta, mu~ha se utthita vAda karane vAlA, "mujhe koI dekha na le " isa prakAra ke bhaya se upakRtya karane vAlA satat mUr3ha dharma ko nahIM jaantaa| jo catura AtmArthI hai vaha kabhI abrahmacarya kA sevana nahIM krtaa| kadAcit kAmAveza meM abrahmacarya kA sevana ho jAya to usakA apalApa karanA arthAt AcArya ke sAmane use svIkAra na karanA mahAna mUrkhatA hai'' isa prakAra ke ullekha yahI batAte haiM ki ugra tapa, ugra saMyama, ugra brahmacarya ke yuga meM bhI koI - koI aise nikala Ate haiN| yaha vAsanA va kaSAya kI vicitratA hai| jaina zramaNoM kA anya zramaNoM ke sAtha kisa prakAra kA sambandha rahatA thA, yaha bhI jAnane yogya hai| isa viSaya meM AThaveM adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM hI batAyA gayA hai ki samanojJa (samAna AcAra-vicAra vAlA) bhikSu asamanojJa (bhinna AcAra-vicAra vAlA) ko bhojana, pAnI, vastra, pAtra, kambala va pAdapUchaNa na de, isake lie use nimantrita bhI na kare, na usakI AdarapUrvaka sevA hI kre| isI prakAra asamanojJa se ye vastue~ bhI nahIM leM, na usake nimantraNa ko svIkAra kare aura na usase apanI sevA hI kraaveN| jaina zramaNoM meM anya zramaNoM ke saMsarga se kisI prakAra kI Acara- vicAraviSayaka zithilatA na A jAya, isI dRSTi se yaha vidhAna hai| isake pIche kisI prakAra kI dveSa-buddhi athavA nindA bhAva nahIM hai| - AcArAMga ke vacanoM se milate vacana :- AcArAMga ke kucha vacana anya zAstroM se milate -julate haiN| AcArAMga meM eka vAkya hai "dohiM vi aMtehi adissamANe"17 - arthAt jo donoM antoM dvArA dRzyamAna haiM arthAt jisakA pUrvAnta-Adi nahIM hai va pazcimAnta-anta bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra jo (AtmA) pUrvAnta va pazcimAnta meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isI se milatA huA vAkya tejobindU upaniSad ke prathama adhyayana ke teIsaveM zloka meM isa prakAra hai : For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AdAvante ca madhye ca jano'sminna vidyte| yenedaM satataM vyAptaM sa dezo vijanaH smRtH|| yaha padya pUrNa AtmA athavA siddha AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM hai| AcArAMga ke uparyukta vAkya ke bAda hI dUsarA vAkya hai "sa na chijjai na bhijjai na Dajjhai na hammai kaMcaNaM savvaloe" arthAt sarvaloka meM kisI ke dvArA AtmA kA chedana nahIM hotA, bhedana nahIM hotA, dahana nahIM hotA, hanana nahIM hotaa| isase milate hue vAkya upaniSad tathA bhagavadgItA meM isa prakAra haiM : na jAyate na mriyate na muhyati na bhidyate na dhyte| na chidyate na kampate na kupyate srvdhno'ymaatmaa|| - subAlopaniSad, navama khaNDa ; rdazAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad pR. 210. acchedyo'yamadAhyo'makledyo'zoSya eva c| nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM snaatnH|| - bhagavadgItA, a. 2, zlo. 23 "jassa natthi purA pacchA majjhe tassa kao siaa|| arthAt jisakA AgA va pIchA nahIM hai usakA bIca kaise ho sakatA hai? AcArAMga kA yaha vAkya bhI AtmaviSayaka hai| isase milatA-julatA vAkya gaudd'paadkaarikaa|' meM isa prakAra hai : AdAvante ca yannAsti vartamAne'pi tttthaa| janmaraNAtIta, nityamukta AtmA kA svarUpa batAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM :savve sarA niyttttti| takkA jattha na vijjai, maI tattha na gaahiyaa| oe, appaiTThANassa kheyanne - se na dIhe, na hasse, na vaTTe, na taMse, na cauraMse, na parimaMDale, na kiNhe, na nIle, na lohie, na hAlidde, na sukkile, na surabhigaMdhe, na durabhigaMdhe, na titte, na kaDue, na kasAe, na aMbile, na mahure, na kakkhaDe, na maue, na gurUe, na lahue, na soe, na uNhe, na niddhe, na lukkhe, na kAu, na rUhe, na saMge, na itthI, na murise, na annahA, parinne, sanne, uvamA na vijji| arUvI sattA, apayassa payaM natthi, se na sadde, na For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 37 rUve, na gaMdhe, na rase, na phAse, icceyAvaM tti bemi ye saba vacana bhinna - bhinna upaniSadoM meM isa prakAra milate haiM : "na tatra cakSurgacchati na vAg gacchati na mano, na vidmo na vijAnImo yathaitad anuziSyAt anyadeva tad viditAt atho aviditAdapi iti zuzruma pUrveSAM ye nastad vyAcacakSire "azabdamasparzamarUpamavyayam, tathA'rasaM nityamagandhavacca yt| 22 "asthUlama, anaNu, ahasvam, adIrgham, alohitam, asneham, acchAyam, atamo, avAyu, anAkAzam, asaMgam, arasam, agandham, acakSuSkam, azrotram, avAga, amano; atejaskam, aprANam, amukham, amAtram anantaram; abAhyam, na tad aznAti kicana, na tad aznAti kshcn| '23 . "nAntaHprajJam, na bahiHprajJam, nobhayataHprajJam, na prajJAnaghanam, na prajJam, nAprajJama, adRSTam, avyavahAryam, agrAhyam, alakSaNam, acintyam, avypdeshym|''24 ... "yato vAto nivartante aprApya manasA sh|''25 ..... "acyuto'ham, acintyo'ham, to'hama, aprANo'ham, akAyo'ham, azabdo'ham, arUpo'ham, asparzo'ham, araso'ham, agandhoyo'ham, azabdo'ham, agotro'ham, agAtro'ham, avAgo'ham, adRzyo'ham, avarNo'ham azruto'ham .adRSTo'ham .......... / ''26 . AcArAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki jJAniyoM ke bAhu kRza hote haiM tathA mA~sa evaM rakta patalA hotA hai - kama hotA hai : AgayapannANANaM kisA bAhA bhavaMti payaNue ya maMsa - sonnie|27 upaniSadoM meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jJAnI purUSa ko kRza honA cAhie, ityAdiH madhukarIvRttyA AhAramAharan kRzo bhUtvA medovRddhimakurvan AjyarUdhiramiva tyajet - nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, saptama upadeza yathAlAbhamaznIyAt prANasaMdhAraNArtha - For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA yathA medovRddhirna jaayte| kRzo bhUtvA grAme ekarAtram nagare .. prathama adhyAya / AcArAMga prathamazrutaskandha ke aneka vAkya sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika meM akSaraza: upalabdha haiN| isa sambandha meM zrI zubiMga ne AcArAMga ke svasampAdita saMskaraNa meM yathAsthAna praryApta prakAza DAlA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne AcArAMga ke kucha vAkyoM kI bauddha grantha dhammapada va suttanipAta ke sadRza vAkyoM se bhI tulanA kI hai| saMnyAsopaniSad, AcArAMga ke zabdoM se milate zabda :- aba yahA~ kucha aise zabdoM kI carcA kI jAegI jo AcArAMga ke sAtha hI sAtha parazAstroM meM bhI upalabdha haiM tathA aise zabdoM ke sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA jAegA jinakI vyAkhyA cUrNikAra evaM vRttikAra vilakSaNa kI hai| AcArAMga ke prArambha meM hI kahA gayA hai ki "maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ va kahA~ jAU~gA" aisI vicAraNA karane vAlA AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI kahalAtA hai| AyAvAI kA artha hai AtmavAdI arthAt AtmA kA svatantra astitva svIkAra karane vaalaa| logAvAI kA artha hai lokavAdI arthAt loka kA astitva mAnane vaalaa| kammAvAI kA artha hai karmavAdI evaM kiriyAvAI kA artha hai kriyAvAdI / ye cAroM vAda AtmA ke astitva para avalambita haiN| jo AtmavAdI hai vahI lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI hai| jo AtmavAdI nahIM hai vaha lokavAdI, karmavAdI athavA kriyAvAdI nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM bauddhamata ko kriyAvAdI darzana kahA gayA hai : ahAvaraM purakkhAyaM kiriyAvAidarisaNaM (a. 1, u. 2, gA. 24 ) / isakI vyAkhyA karate hue cUrNikAra va vRttikAra bhI isI kathana kA samarthana karate haiN| isI sUtrakRta - aMgasUtra ke samavasaraNa nAmaka bArahaveM adhyayana meM kriyAvAdI Adi cAra vAdoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| vahA~ mUla meM kisI darzana vizeSa ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai tathApi vRttikAra ne akriyAvAdI ke rUpa meM bauddhamata kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kaise ? sUtra ke mUla pATha meM jise kriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai evaM vyAkhyAna karate hue svayaM vRttikAra ne jisakA eka jagaha samarthana kiyA hai usI ko anyatra akriyAvAdI kahanA kahA~ taka yuktisaMgata hai ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 39 AcArAMga meM Ane vAle "eyAvaMti" va "savvAvaMti'' ina do zabdoM kA cUrNikAra ne koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| vRttikAra zIlAMkasUri inakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM : etau dvau zabdo mAgadhadezIbhASAprasiddhayA, "etAvanta sarve'pi ityetatparyAyau' (AcArAMgavRtti, pR. 25) arthAt ye do zabda magadha kI dezI bhASA meM prasiddha haiM evaM inakA "itane sAre'' aisA artha hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNa ko aisI prakriyA dvArA "etAvantaH" ke artha meM "eyAvaMti'' siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na "sarve'pi" ke artha meM "savvAvaMti" hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai| vRttikAra ne paramparA ke anusAra artha samajhAne kI paddhati kA Azraya liyA pratIta hotA hai : bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM (tRtIya brAhmaNa meM) "lokasya sarvAvataH" arthAt "sAre loka kI' aisA prayoga AtA hai| yahA~ "sarvAvantaH" "sarvAvat" kA SaSThI vibhakti kA rUpa hai| isakA prathamA kA bahuvacana "sarvAvantaH" ho sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke savvAvaMti aura upaniSad ke "sarvAvataH" ina donoM prayogoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| AcArAMga meM eka jagaha "akasmAt" zabda kA prayoga milatA hai : AThaveM adhyayana meM jahA~ aneka vAdoM - loka hai, loka nahIM hai ityAdi kA nirdeza hai vahA~ ina saba vAdoM ko nirhetuka batAne ke lie "akasmAt" zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| sampUrNa AcArAMga meM, yahA~ taka ki samasta aMgasAhitya meM atyavyaJjanayukta aisA vijAtIta prayoga anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vRttikAra ne isa zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI pUrvavat magadha kI dezI bhASA ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai| ve kahate hai : "akasmAt iti mAgadhadeze AgopAlAGganAdinA saMskRtasyaiva uccAraNAd ihApi tathaiva uccAritaH iti" (AcArAMgavRttiH pR. 242) arthAt magadha deza meM gvAline bhI "akasmAt'' kA prayoga karatI haiN| ataH yahA~ bhI isa zabda kA vaisA hI prayoga huA hai| ... muNDakopaniSad ke (prathama muNDaka, dvitIya khaNDa, zloka 9) "yata dharmiNo na pravedayanti rAgAt tena AturAH kSINalokAzcavante'' isa padya meM jisa artha meM "Atura" zabda hai usI artha meM AcArAMga kA Aura - Atura zabda bhI hai| lokabhASA meM "kAmAtura" kA prayoga isI prakAra kA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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40.: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA logoM meM jo-jo vastue~ zastra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM unake atirikta anya padArthoM arthAt bhAvoM ke lie bhI zastra zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| AcArAMga meM rAga, dveSa, krodha, lobha, moha evaM tajjanya samasta pravRttiyoM ko sattha - zastrarUpa kahA gayA hai| anya kisI zAstra meM isa artha meM "zastra" zabda kA prayoga dikhAI nahIM detaa| bauddhapiTakoM meM jisa artha meM "mAra" zabda kA prayoga huA hai usI artha meM AcArAMga meM bhI "mAra' zabda prayukta hai| suttanipAta ke kappamANa pucchA sutta ke caturtha padya va bhadrAvudhamANavapucchA sutta ke tRtIya padya meM bhagavAn buddha ne "mAra" kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai| lokabhASA meM jise "zetAna'' kahate hai vahI "mAra" hai| sarva prakAra kA AlaMbhana zaitAna kI preraNA kA hI kArya hai| sUtrakAra ne isa tathya kA pratipAdana "mAra" zabda ke dvArA kiyA hai| isI prakAra "naraa'" "naraka" zabda kA prayoga bhI sarva prakAra ke AlaMbhana ke lie kiyA gayA hai| nirAlaMba upaniSad meM baMdha, mokSa, svarga, naraka Adi aneka zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| usameM naraka kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : "asatsaMsAraviSayajanasaMsarga evaM narakaH' arthAt asat saMsAra, usake viSaya evaM asajjanoM kA saMsarga hI naraka hai| yahA~ saba prakAra ke AlaMbhana ko "naraka' zabda se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra "naraka" zabda kA jo artha upaniSad ko abhISTa hai vahI AcArAMga ko bhI abhISTa hai| ____ AcArAMga meM "niyAgapaDivanna' - niyAgapratipanna (a.1, u.3) pada meM "niyAga'' zabda kA prayoga hai| yAga va niyAga paryAyavAcI zabda hai jinakA artha hai yjny| ina zabdoM kA prayoga vaidika paramparA meM vizeSa hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM "niyAga" zabda kA artha bhinna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga-vRttikAra ke zabdoM meM "yajanaM yAgaH niyato nizcito vA yAgaH niyAgo mokSamArgaH saMgatArthatvAd dhAtoH - samyagjJAnadarzanacAritrAtmatayA gataM saMgatam iti samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrAtmaka mokSamArga pratipannaH' (AcArAMgavRtti, pR. 38) arthAt jisameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna va samyak cAritra kI saMgati ho vaha mArga arthAt mokSamArga niyAga hai| mUlasUtra meM "niyAga" ke sthAna para "nikAya" athavA "niyAya pAThAntara bhI hai| vRttikAra likhate haiM: "pAThAntaraM vA nikAyapratipannaH - nirgataH kAyaH audArikAdiyasmAt For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 41 yasmin vA satiM sa nikAyo mokSaH taM pratipannaH nikAyapratipannaH tatkAraNasya samyagdarzanAdeH svazaktyA'nuSThAnAt" (AcArAMgavRtti, pR. 38) arthAt jisameM se audArikAdi zarIra nikala gaye haiM athavA jisakI upasthiti meM audArikAdi zarIra nikala gaye haiM vaha nikAya arthAt mokSa hai| jisane mokSa kI sAdhanA svIkAra kI hai vaha "nikAyapratipanna" hai| cUrNikAra ne pAThAntara dete hue kevala "nikAya' pATha ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usakA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai : "NikAo NAma desappadesabahuttaM NikAyaM paDivajjati jahA AUjIvA ahavA NikAyaM NiccaM mokkhaM maggaM paDivanno" (AcArAMga cUrNi, pR. 25) arthAt NikAya kA artha hai dezapradeza-bahutva / jisa artha meM jaina pravacana meM "atthikAya' _ "astikAya" zabda pracalita hai usI artha meM "nikAya' zabda bhI svIkRta hai, aisA cUrNikAra kA kathana hai| jisane pAnI ko nikAyarUpa - jIvarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai vaha nikAyapratipanna hai athavA nikAya kA artha hai mokSa / vRttikAra ne kevala mokSa artha ko svIkAra kara "niyAga" athavA "nikAya' zabda kA vivecana kiyA hai| . "mahAvIhi'' evaM "mahAjANa' zabdoM kA vyAkhyAna karate hue cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra donoM ne ina zabdoM ko mokSamArga kA sUcaka athavA mokSa ke sAdhanarUpa samyagdarzana jJAna-tapa Adi kA sUcaka batAyA hai| mahAvIhi arthAt mahAvIthi evaM mahAjANa arthAt mhaayaan| "mahAvIhi" zabda sUtrakRtAMga ke vaitAlIya nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kI 21vIM gAthA meM bhI AtA hai :- "paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM siddhipaha" ityaadi| yahA~ "mahAvIhi" kA artha "mahAmArga' batAyA gayA hai aura use "siddhipaha" arthAt "siddhipatha" ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra AcArAMga meM prayukta "mahAvIhi'' zabda kA jo artha hai vahI sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta "mahAvIhi" zabda kA bhI hai / "mahAjANa-mahAyAna" zabda jo ki jaina paramparA meM mokSamArga kA sUcaka hai, bauddha darzana ke eka bheda ke rUpa - meM bhI pracalita hai| prAcIna bauddha paramparA kA nAma hInayAna hai aura bAda kI nayI bauddha paramparA kA nAma mahAyAna hai| prastuta sUtra meM "vIra" va "mahAvIra" kA prayoga bAra-bAra AtA hai| ye For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA donoM zabda vyApaka artha meM bhI samajhe jA sakate haiM aura vizeSa nAma ke rUpa meM bhii| jo saMyama kI sAdhanA meM zUra hai vaha vIra athavA mahAvIra hai| jainadharma ke antima tIrthakara kA mUla nAma to vardhamAna hai kintu apanI sAdhanA kI zUratA ke kAraNa ve vIra athavA mahAvIra kahe jAte haiN| "vIra" va "mahAvIra" zabdoM kA artha ina donoM rUpoM meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| ____ isa sUtra meM prayukta "Ariya'" va "aNAriya' zabdoM kA artha vyApaka rUpa meM samajhanA caahie| jo samyak AcAra - sampanna haiM - ahiMsA kA sarvAMgINa AcaraNa karane vAle hai ve Ariya - Arya haiN| jo vaise nahIM hai ve aNAriya - anArya haiN| __mehAvI (medhAvI), maimaM (matimAn), dhIra, paMDia (paNDita), pAsaa (pazyaka), vIra, kusala (kuzala) mAhaNa (brAhmaNa), nANI (jJAnI), paramacakkhu (paramacakSuS), muNi (muni), buddha, bhagavaM (bhagavAn) Asupanna (AzuprajJa), Ayayacakkhu (AyatacakSuS) Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prastuta sUtra meM kaI bAra huA hai| inakA artha bahuta spaSTa hai| ina zabdoM ko sunate hI jo sAmAnya bodha hotA hai vahI inakA mukhya artha hai aura yahI mukhya artha yahA~ barAbara saMgata ho jAtA hai| aisA hote hue bhI cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne ina zabdoM kA jaina paribhASA ke anusAra viziSTa artha kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie pAsaa (pazyakadraSTA) kA artha sarvajJa athavA kevalI, kusala (kuzala) kA artha tIrthakara athavA vardhamAna svAmI, muNi (muni) kA artha trikAlajJa athavA tIrthakara kiyA hai| jANai-pAsai kA prayoga bhASAzailI ke rUpa meM :- AcArAMga meM "akammA jANai pAsai'" (5, 6), "AsupanneNa jANayA pAsayA" (7,1) ajANao apAsao" (5,4) Adi vAkya Ate haiM, jinameM kevalI ke jAnane va dekhane kA ullekha hai| isa ullekha ko lekara prAcIna granthakAroM ne sarvajJa ke jJAna va darzana ke kramAkrama ke viSaya meM bhArI vivAda khar3A kiyA hai aura jisake kAraNa eka Agamika pakSa va dUsarA tArkika pakSa isa prakAra ke do pakSa bhI paidA ho gaye haiN| mujhe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki "jANai" va "pAsaI" ye do kriyApada kevala bhASArzalI - For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 43 bolane kI eka zailI ke pratIka haiN| kahane vAle ke mana meM jJAna va darzana ke krama akrama kA koI vicAra nahIM rahA hai| jaise anyatra "pannavemi parUvemi bhAsemi" Adi kriyApadoM kA samAnArtha meM prayoga huA hai vaise hI yahA~ bhI "jANai-pAsai" rUpa yugala kriyApada samAnArtha meM prayukta hue haiN| jo manuSya kevalI nahIM hai arthAt chadmastha haiM usake lie bhI "jANai pAsai" athavA "ajANao apAsao" kA prayoga hotA hai| darzana -jJAna ke krama ke anusAra to pahale "pAsadU" athavA "apAsao" aura bAda meM "jANai" athavA "ajANao" kA prayoga honA cAhie kintu ye vacana isa prakAra ke kisI krama ko dRSTi meM rakhakara nahIM kahe gaye haiN| yaha to bolane kI eka zailI mAtra hai| bauddha granthoM meM bhI isa zailI kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai| majijhamanikAya ke savvAsavasutta meM bhagavAna buddha ke mukha se ye zabda kahalAye gaye haiM : "jAnato ahaM bhikkhave passato AsavAnaM khayaM vadAmi, no ajAnato no apassato" arthAt he bhikSuoM ! maiM jAnatA huA - dekhatA huA AmravoM ke kSaya kI bAta karatA hU~, nahIM jAnatA huA- nahIM dekhatA huA nhiiN| isI prakAra kA prayoga bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI milatA hai : "je ime bhaMte! beiMdiyA .............. paMciMdiyA jIvA eesi ANAma vA pANAmaM vA ussAsaM vA nissAsaM vA jANAmo pAsAmo, je ime puDhavikAiyA ............... egidiyA jIvA eesi NaM ANAmaM vA ..... ........nIsAsaM vA na yANAmo na pAsAmo" (za 2, u. 1) - dvIndriyAdika jIva jo zvAsocchvAsa Adi lete haiM vaha hama jAnate haiM, dekhate haiM kintu ekendriya jIva .. jo zvAsa Adi lete haiM vaha hama nahIM jAnate, nahIM dekhte| jJAna ke svarUpa kI paribhASA ke anusAra darzana sAmAnya, upayoga sAmAnya, bodha athavA nirAkAra pratIti hai, jabaki jJAna vizeSa upayoga, vizeSa bodha athavA sAkAra pratIti hai| manaHparyAya - upayoga jJAnarUpa hI mAnA jAtA hai, darzanarUpa nahIM, kyoMki usase vizeSa kA hI bodha hotA hai, sAmAnya kA nhiiN| aisA hote hue bhI naMdIsUtra meM Rjumati evaM vipulamati manaHparyayajJAnI ke lie "jANai'' va "pAsai'' donoM padoM kA prayoga huA hai| yadi "jAiNa" pada kevala jJAna kA hI dyotaka hotA aura "pAsai" pada kevala darzana kA hI pratIka hotA to manaHparyayajJAnI ke lie kevala For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA "jANai" pada kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA, "pAsai" pada kA nhiiN| naMdI meM etadviSayaka pATha isa prakAra hai : 2 sAlaza .. davvao NaM ujjumaI NaM aMNate aNaMtapaesie khaMdhe jANai pAsai, te ceva viulamaI abbhahiyatarAe viulatarAe .......... vitimiratarAe jANai paasi| khettao NaM ujjumaI jahanneNaM ......... ukkoseNaM maNoMgae bhAve jANai pAsai, taM ceva viulamaI visuddhataraM ............ jANai paasi| kAlao NaM ujjumaI jahanneNaM............ ukkoseNaM pi jANai pAsai taM ceva viulamaI visuddhatarAgaM............... jANai paasi| bhAvao NaM ujjumaI ......... jANai paasi| taM ceva viulamaI visuddhatarAgaM jANai paasi| isI prakAra zrutajJAnI ke sambandha meM bhI naMdIsUtra meM "suaNANI uvautte savvadavvAiM jANai pAsai" aisA pATha AtA hai| zrutajJAna bhI jJAna hI hai, darzana nhiiN| phira bhI usake lie "jANai" va "pAsai'' donoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha saba dekhate hue yahI mAnanA vizeSa ucita hai ki "jANai pAsai" kA prayoga kevala eka bhASAzailI hai| isake AdhAra para jJAna va darzana ke krama-akrama kA vicAra karanA yuktiyukta nhiiN| ___ vasupada :- AcArAMga meM vasu, aNuvasu, vasumaMta, duvvasu Adi vasu pada vAle zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| "vasu" zabda avestA, veda evaM upaniSad meM bhI milatA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha zabda bahuta prAcIna hai| avestA meM isa zabda kA prayoga "pavitra'' ke artha meM huA hai| vahA~ isakA uccAraNa "vasu" na hokara "vohU" hai| veda va upaniSad meM isakA uccAraNa "vasu" ke rUpa meM hI hai| upaniSada meM prayukta "vasu" zabda haMsa arthAt pavitra AtmA kA dyotaka hai : haMsa zucivad vasuH (kaThopaniSad, vallI 5, zloka 2, chAndogyopaniSad, khaNDa 16, zloka 1-2) bAda meM isa zabda kA prayoga vasu nAmaka ATha devoM athavA dhana ke artha meM hone lgaa| AcArAMga meM isa zabda kA prayoga AtmArthI pavitra muni evaM AtmArthI pavitra gRhastha ke artha meM huA hai| vasu arthAt muni| aNuvasu arthAt choTA muni-AtmArthI pavitra For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 45 gRhasthA duvvasu arthAt muktigamana ke ayogya muni - apavitra muni-AcArahIna muni| veda :- veyavaM - vedavAn aura veyavI - vedavit ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga AcArAMga meM bhinna - bhinna adhyayanoM meM huA hai| cUrNikAra ne inakA vivecana karate hue likhA hai :- "vetijjai jeNa sa vedo taM vedayati iti vedavi" (AcArAMga - cUrNi, pR. 152) "vadavI -titthagara evaM kittayati vivegaM, duvAlasagaM vA pravacanaM vedo taM je vedayati sa vedavI" (vahI pR. 185) / ina avataraNoM meM cUrNikAra ne tIrthaMkara ko vedavI - vedavit kahA hai| jisase vedana ho arthAt jJAna ho vaha veda hai| isIlie jaina sUtroM ko arthAt dvAdazAMga pravacana ko veda kahA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ne AcArAMga ko vedarUpa batAyA hai| vRttikAra ne bhI isa kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai evaM AcArAMgAdi AgamoM ko veda tathA tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM evaM caturdazapUrviyoM ko vedavit kahA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM RgvedAdi ko hiMsAcArapradhAna hone ke kAraNa veda na mAnate hue ahiMsAcArapradhAna AcArAMgAdi ko veda mAnA gayA hai| vasudevahiMDI (prathama bhAga, pR. 183-193) meM isI prakAra ke granthoM ko Aryaveda kahA gayA hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya to veda kI pratiSThA se prabhAvita hokara hI apane zAstra ko veda nAma diyA gayA hai, yahI mAnanA ucita hai| ___AmagaMdha :- AcArAMga ke "savvAmagaMdhaM parinnAya nirAmagaMdhe parivvae' (2, 5) vAkya meM yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki muni ko sarva AmagaMdhoM ko jAnakara unakA tyAga karanA cAhie evaM nirAmagaMdha hI vicaraNa karanA caahie| cUrNikAra athavA vRttikAra ne AmagaMdha kA vyutpattipUrvaka artha nahIM batAyA hai| unhoMne kevala yahI kahA hai ki "AmagaMdha" zabda AhAra se sambandhita doSa kA sUcaka hai| jo AhAra udgama doSa se dUSita ho athavA zuddhi kI dRSTi se doSayukta ho vaha AmagaMdha kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA "Ama" kA artha hotA hai kaccA aura gaMdha kA artha hotA hai vaas| jisakI gaMdha Ama ho vaha AmagaMdha hai| isa dRSTi se jo AhArAdi paripakva na ho arthAt jisameM kacce kI gandha mAlUma hotI ho vaha AmagaMdha meM samAviSTa hotA hai| jaina bhikSuoM ke lie isa prakAra kA AhAra tyAjya hai| lakSaNA se "AmagaMdha' zabda isI prakAra ke AhArAdi sambandhI anya doSoM kA bhI sUcaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bauddhapiTaka grantha sUttanipAta meM "AmagaMdha" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| usameM tiSya nAmaka tApasa aura bhagavAn buddha ke bIca 'AmagaMdha' ke vicAra ke viSaya meM eka saMvAda hai| yaha tApasa kaMda, mUla, phala jo kucha bhI dharmAnusAra milatA hai usake dvArA apanA nirvAha karatA hai evaM tApasadharma kA pAlana karatA hai| use bhagavAna buddha ne kahA ki he tApasa ! tU jo parapradatta athavA svopArjita kaMda Adi grahaNa karatA hai vaha AmagaMdha hai - amedhyavastu - apavitrapadArtha hai| yaha sunakara tiSya ne buddha se kahA - he brahmabandhu ! tU svayaM susaMkRta - acchI taraha se pakAye hue pakSiyoM ke mAMsa se yukta cAvala kA bhojana karane vAlA hai aura maiM kaMda Adi khAne vAlA hU~ phira bhI tU mujhe to AmagaMdhabhojI kahatA hai aura apane Apako niraamgNdhbhojii| yaha kaise ? isakA uttara dete hue buddha kahate haiM ki prANaghAta, vadha, cheda, corI asatya, vaMcanA, lUTa, vyAbhicAra Adi anAcAra AmagaMdha hai, mAMsabhojana AmagaMdha nhiiN| asaMyama jivhAlolupatA, apavitra AcaraNa, nAstikatA, viSamatA tathA avinaya AmagaMdha hai, mAMsAhAra AgamaMdha nhiiN| isa prakAra prastuta sUtra meM samasta doSoM - AMtarika va bAhya doSoM ko AmagaMdha kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM prayukta "AmagaMdha" kA artha AMtarika doSa to hai hI, sAtha hI mAMsAhAra bhI hai| jaina bhikSuoM ke liye mAMsAhAra ke tyAga kA vidhAna hai| "savvAmagaMdha parinnAya" likhane kA vAstavika artha yahI hai ki bAhya va AMtarika saba prakAra kA AmagaMdha heya hai arthAta bAhya AmagaMdha-mAMsAdi evaM Antarika AmagaMdhaAbhyantarika doSa ye donoM hI tyAjya hai| Asrava va parisrava :- je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA; je aNAsavA te aparissavA, je aparissavA te aNAsavA" AcArAMga (a.4, u 2) ke isa vAkya kA artha samajhane ke liye Asrava va parisrava kA artha jAnanA jarUrI hai| Asrava zabda "baMdhana ke hetu" ke artha meM aura parisrava zabda "baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu" ke artha meM jaina va bauddha paribhASA meM rUr3ha hai| ataH "je AsavA ...... ........" kA artha yaha huA ki jo Asrava hai arthAt baMdhana ke hetu haiM ve kaI bAra parisrava arthAt baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu bana jAte haiM aura jo baMdhana ke nAza ke hetu haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 47 ve kaI bAra baMdhana ke hetu bana jAte hai| isI prakAra jo anAsrava hai arthAt baMdhana ke hetu nahIM hai ve kaI bAra aparisrava arthAt baMdhana ke hetu bana jAte haiM aura jo baMdhana ke hetu haiM ve kaI bAra baMdhana ke ahetu bana jAte hai| ina vAkyoM kA gUDhArtha "mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandha - mokSayoH" siddhAnta ke AdhAra para samajhA jA sakatA hai| baMdhana va mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai| mana kI vicitratA ke kAraNa hI jo hetu baMdhana kA kAraNa hotA hai vahI mukti kA bhI kAraNa bana jAtA hai| isI prakAra mukti kA hetu baMdhana kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka hI pustaka kisI ke lie jJAnArjana kA kAraNa banatI hai to kisI ke lie kleza kA, athavA kisI samaya vidyopArjana kA hetu banatI hai to kisI samaya kalaha kaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki cittazuddhi athavA apramattatA pUrvaka kI jAne vAlI kriyAe~ hI anAsrava athavA parisrava kA kAraNa banatI haiN| azuddha citta athavA pramAdapUrvaka kI gaI kriyAe~ Asrava athavA aparisrava kA kAraNa hotI hai| varNAbhilASA :- "vaNNAesI nArabhe kaMcaNaM savvaloe" (AcArAMga a. - 2, sU. 155) kA artha isa prakAra hai : varNa kA abhilASI loka meM kisI kA bhI AlaMbhana na kre| varNa arthAt prazaMsA, yshkiirti| usake AdezI arthAt abhilASI ko sAre saMsAra meM kisI kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie; kisI kA bhI bhoga nahIM lenA caahie| isI prakAra asatya, caurya Adi kA bhI AcAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| yaha eka artha hai| dUsarA artha isa prakAra hai : saMsAra meM kIrti athavA prazaMsA ke lie dehadamanAdika kI pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| tIsarA artha yoM hai : loka meM varNa arthAt rUpasaundarya ke lie kisI prakAra kA saMskAra - snAnAdi kI pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| / uparyukta sUtra meM mumukSuoM ke lie kisI prakAra kI hisA na karane kA vidhAna hai| isameM apavAda kA ullekha athavA nirdeza nahIM hai phira bhI vRttikAra kahate haiN| * ki pravacana kI prabhAvanA ke liye arthAt jainazAsana kI kIrti ke lie koI isa prakAra kA AraMbha - hiMsA kara sakatA hai : pravacanodbhavanArtha tu Arabhate (AcarAMgavRtti, pR. 192) / vRttikAra kA yaha kathana kahA~ taka yuktisaMgata hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| muniyoM ke upakaraNa :- AcArAMga meM bhikSu ke vastra ke upayoga evaM anupayoga For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke sambandha meM jo pATha haiM unameM kahIM bhI vRttikAranirdiSTa jinakalpa Adi bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, kevala bhikSu kI sAdhana sAmagrI kA nirdeza hai| isameM acelakatA evaM sacelakatA kA pratipAdana bhikSu kI apanI paristhiti ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM kisI prakAra kI anivAryatA ko sthAna nahIM hai| yaha kevala Atmabala va dehabala kI taratamatA para AdhArita hai| jisakA Atmabala athavA dehabala apekSAkRta alpa hai use bhI sUtrakAra ne sAdhanA kA pUrA avasara diyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki acelaka, trivastradhArI, dvivastradhArI, ekavastradhArI evaM kevala lajjAnivAraNArtha vastra kA upayoga karane vAlA - ye saba bhikSu samAnarUpa se AdaraNIya haiM, ina sabake prati samAnatA kA bhAva rakhanA caahie| samattameva smbhijaanniyaa| inameM se amuka prakAra ke muni uttama haiM athavA zreSTha haiM evaM amuka prakAra ke hIna haiM athavA adhama haiM, aisA nahIM samajhanA caahie| yahA~ eka bAta vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM muniyoM ke upakaraNoM ke sambandha meM Ane vAle samasta ullekhoM meM kahIM bhI muhapattI nAmaka upakaraNa kA nirdeza nahIM hai| unameM kevala vastra, pAtra, kaMbala, pAdapUMchana, avagraha tathA kaTAsana kA nAma hai : vatthaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM oggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM (2, 5), vatthaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM (6, 2), vatthaM vA paDiggahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuMchaNaM vA (8, 1) vatthaM vA paDiggahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuMchaNaM vA (8, 2) / bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA anya aMgasUtroM meM jahA~-jahA~ dIkSA lene vAloM kA adhikAra AtA hai vahA~-vahA~ rajoharaNa tathA pAtra ke sivAya kisI anya upakaraNa kA ullekha nahIM dIkhatA hai| yaha hakIkata bhI muhapattI ke sambandha meM vivAda khar3A karane vAlI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM "gautama mu~hapattI kA pratilekhana karate haiN|' isa prakAra kA ullekha AtA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki AcArAMga kI racanA ke samaya mu~hapattI kA bhikSuoM ke upakaraNoM meM samAveza na thA kintu bAda meM isakI vRddhi kI gii| mu~hapattI ke bAMdhane kA ullekha to kahIM dikhAI nahIM detaa| saMbhava hai bolate samaya anya para thUka na gire tathA pustaka para bhI thUka na par3e, isa dRSTi se mu~hapattI kA upayoga prArambha huA ho| muMha para mu~hapattI bA~dha rakhane kA rivAja to bahuta samaya bAda hI calA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 49 mahAvara-caryA :- AcArAMga ke upadhAnazruta nAmaka navaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jo caritra diyA gayA hai vaha bhagavAn kI jIvanacaryA kA sAkSAt dyotaka hai| usameM kahIM bhI atyukti nahIM haiN| unake pAsa iMdra, sUrya Adi ke Ane kI ghaTanA kA kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM hai / isa adhyayana meM bhagavAn ke dharma cakra ke pravartana arthAt upadeza kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isameM bhagavAn kI dIkSA se lekara nirvANa taka kI samagra jIvana - ghaTanA kA ullekha hai| bhagavAn ne sAdhanA kI, vItarAga hue, dezanA dI arthAt upadeza diyA aura anta meM " abhinivvuDe" arthAt nirvANa prApta kiyaa| isa adhyayana meM eka jagaha aisA pATha hai : : appaM tiriyaM pehAe appaM piTTao va pehAe / appaM buie paDibhANI paMthapehI care jayamANe / arthAt bhagavAn dhyAna karate samaya tirachA nahIM dekhate athavA kama dekhate, pIche nahIM dekhate athavA kama dekhate, bolate nahIM athavA kama bolate, uttara nahIM dete athavA kama dete evaM mArga ko dhyAnapUrvaka yatanA se dekhate hue clte| isa sahaja caryA kA bhagavAn ke janmajAta mAne jAne vAle avadhijJAna ke sAtha virodha hotA dekha cUrNikAra isa prakAra samAdhAna karate haiM ki bhagavAn ko A~kha kA upayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| (kyoMki ve chadmAvasthA meM bhI apane avadhijJAna se binA A~kha ke hI dekha sakate haiM, jAna sakate haiM) phira bhI ziSyoM ko * samajhAne ke lie isa prakAra kA ullekha Avazyaka hai: "Na etaM bhagavato bhavati, tahAvi AyariyaM dhammANaM sissANaM iti kAuM appa tiriya / " (cUrNi, pR. 310 ) isa prakAra cUrNikAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se sambandhita mahimAvardhaka atizayoktiyoM ko susaMgata karAne ke lie mUlasUtra ke bilakUla sIdhe-sAde evaM sugama vacanoM ko apane DhaMga se samajhAne kA aneka sthAnoM para prayAsa kiyA hai| pIche ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI eka yA dUsare DhaMga se isI paddhati kA avalambana liyA hai| yaha tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa evaM bhakti kA sUcaka hai| lalitavistara Adi bauddha granthoM meM bhI bhagavAn buddha ke viSaya meM jaina granthoM ke hI samAna aneka atizayoktipUrNa ullekha upalabdha haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA mahAvIra ke lie prayukta sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, anaMtajJAnI, kevalI Adi zabda AcArya haribhadra ke kathanAnusAra bhagavAn ke AtmaprabhAva, vItarAgatA evaM krAntadarzitAdUradarzitA ke sUcaka haiN| bAda meM jisa artha meM ye zabda rUDha hue hai evaM zAstrArtha kA viSaya bane haiM usa artha meM ve unake lie prayukta hue pratIta nahIM hote / pratyeka mahApurUSa jaba sAmAnya caryA se U~cA uTha jAtA hai - asAdhAraNa jIvanacaryA kA pAlana karane lagatA hai taba bhI vaha manuSya hI hotA hai| tathApi loga usake lie lokottara zabdoM kA prayoga prArambha kara dete haiM aura isa prakAra apanI bhakti kA pradarzana karateM haiN| uttama koTi ke vicAraka usa mahApurUSa kA yathAzakti anusaraNa karate haiM jabaki sAmAnya loga lokottara zabdoM dvArA unakA stavana karate haiM, pUjana karate haiM, mahimA gAkara prasanna hote haiN| kucha subhASita :- AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI samIkSA samApta karane ke pUrva usameM Ane vAle kucha sUkta arthasahita nIce diye jAne Avazyaka haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. paNayA vIrA mahAvIhi 2. jAe saddhAe nikkhaMto tameva aNupAliyA 3. dhIre muhuttamavi no pamAyae 4. vao accei jovvaNaM ca 5. khaNaM jANAhi paMDie 6. savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA : vIra purUSa mahAmArga kI ora agrasara hote haiN| : jisa zraddhAM ke sAtha nikalA usI kA pAlana kara | : dhIra purUSa eka muhUrta ke lie bhI pramAda na kre| : vaya calA jA rahA hai aura yauvana bhii| - he paMDita ! kSaNa ko samaya ko : smjh| : saba prANiyoM ko AyuSya priya hai| sukha acchA lagatA hai, duHkha acchA For Personal & Private Use Only

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appiyavahA piyajIviNo jIvikAmA 7. savvesi jIviaM piyaM 8. jeNa siyA teNa No siyA pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 51 nahIM lagatA, vadha apriya hai, jIvana priya hai, jIne kI icchA hai| : sabako jIvana priya hai| : jisake dvArA hai usake dvArA nahIM hai arthAt jo anukUla hai vaha pratikUla ho jAtA hai| 9. jahA aMto tahA bAhiM jahA bAhiM : jaisA andara hai vaisA bAhara hai aura tahA aMto jaisA bAhara hai vaisA andara hai| 10. kAmakAmo khalu ayaM purise 11. kAsaMkAse'yaM khalu purise 12. veraM vaDDhai appaNo 13. suttA amuNI muNiNo sayayaM jAgati 14. akammassa vavahAro na vijjai 15. aggaM ca mUlaM ca vigiMca dhIre : yaha purUSa sacamuca kAmakAmI hai| : yaha purUSa " maiM karUMgA, maiM karU~gA " aise hI karatA rahatA hai| : aisA purUSa apanA vaira bar3hAtA hai| : amuni soye hue haiM aura muni satata jAgrata haiN| : karmahIna ke vyavahAra nahIM hotA / : he dhIra purUSa ! prapaMca ke agrabhAga va mUla ko kATa DAla 16. kA araha ke ANaMde etthaM pi : kyA arati aura kyA Ananda, donoM meM anAsakta rho| . aggahe care 17. purisA ! tumameva tumaM mittaM kiM : he purUSa ! tU hI apanA mitra hai phira . bahiyA mittamicchasi bAhya mitra kI icchA kyoM karatA hai? 18. purisA ! attANameva abhinigijjhaH he purUSa ! tu apane Apa ko hI evaM dukkhA pamokkhasi nigRhIta kara / isa prakAra terA duHkha dUra hogaa| 19. purisA ! saccameva samabhijANAhi : he purUSa ! satya ko hI samyak rUpa se samajha For Personal & Private Use Only

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52. : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 20. je egaM nAme se bahu nAme, je bahu : jo eka ko jhukAtA hai vaha bahutoM nAme se egaM nAme ko jhukatA hai aura jo bahutoM ko jhukAtA hai vaha eka ko jhukAtA hai| 21. savvao pamattassa bhayaM : pramAdI ko cAroM ora se bhaya hai, appamattassa natthi bhayaM apramAdI ko koI bhaya nhiiN| . 22. jaMti vIrA mahAjANaM : vIra purUSa mahAyAna kI ora jAte 23. kasehi appANaM : AtmA ko arthAt khuda ko ks| 24. .jarehi appANaM : AtmA ko arthAt khuda ko jIrNa kr| 25. bahu dukkhA hu jaMtavo : sacamuca prANI bahuta du:khI haiN| 26. tumaM si nAma taM ceva jaM haMtavvaM : tU jise hanane yogya samajhatA hai vaha ti mannasi . tU khUda hI hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha :- AcArAMga ke prathama zrustaskandha kI uparyukta samIkSA ke hI samAna dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhI samIkSA Avazyaka hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kA sAmAnya paricaya pahale diyA jA cukA hai| yaha pA~ca cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM AcAra -prakalpa athavA nizItha nAmaka paMcama cUlikA AcArAMga se alaga hokara eka svatantra graMtha hI bana gaI hai| ataH vartamAna dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kevala cAra cUlikAe~ hI haiN| prathama cUlikA meM sAta prakaraNa haiM jinameM se prathama prakaraNa AhAraviSayaka hai| isa prakaraNa meM kucha vizeSatA hai jisakI carcA karanA Avazyaka hai| ___ AhAra :- jaina bhikSu ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki azana, pAna, khAdima evaM svAdima choTe - bar3e jIvoM se yukta ho, kAI se vyApta ho, geMhU Adi ke dAnoM ke sahita ho, harI vanaspati Adi se mizrita ho, ThaNDe pAnI se bhigoyA huA ho, jIvayukta ho, rajavAlA ho use bhikSu svIkAra na kre| kadAcita asAvadhAnI se For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 53 aisA bhojana A bhI jAye to usameM se jIvajantu Adi nikAla kara vivekapUrvaka usakA upayoga kre| bhojana karane ke liye sthAna kaisA ho? usake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu ekAnta sthAna DhU~Dhe arthAt ekAnta meM jAkara kisI vATikA, upAzraya athavA zUnyagRha meM kisI ke na dekhate hue bhojana kre| vATikA Adi kaise ho? jisameM baiThane kI jagaha aMDe na hoM, anya jIvajantu na hoM, anAja ke dAne athavA phUla Adi ke bIja na hoM, hare patte Adi na par3e hoM, osa na par3I ho, ThaNDA pAnI na girA ho, kAI na cipakI ho, gIlI miTTI na ho, makar3I ke jAle na ho aise nirjIva sthAna meM baiThakara bhikSu bhojana kre| AhAra, pAnI Adi meM akhAdya athavA apeya padArtha ke nikalane para use aise sthAna meM phaiMke jahA ekAnta ho arthAt kisI kA AnA-jAnA na ho tathA jIvajantu Adi bhI na ho / bhikSA ke hetu anya mata ke sAdhu athavA gRhastha ke sAtha kisI ke ghara meM praveza na kare athavA ghara se bAhara na nikale kyoMki vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra anya tIrthikoM ke sAtha praveza karane va nikalane vAle bhikSu ko AdhyAtmika va bAhya hAni * hotI hai| isa niyama se eka bAta yaha phalita hotI hai ki usa jamAne meM bhI sampradAya-sampradAya ke bIca paraspara sadbhAvanA kA abhAva thaa| Age eka niyama yaha hai ki jo bhojana anya zramaNoM arthAt bauddha zramaNoM, tApasoM, AjIvikoM Adi ke lie athavA atithiyoM, bhikhAriyoM, vanIpakoM Adi ke liye banAyA gayA ho use jaina bhikSu grahaNa na kareM isa niyama dvArA anya bhikSuoM athavA zramaNoM ko hAni na pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina bhikSuoM ko nityapiNDa, agrapiNDa (bhojana kA prathama bhAga ) Adi dene vAle kuloM meM se bhikSA grahaNa karane kI manAhI kI gaI hai| bhikSA ke yogya kula :- jina kuloM meM bhikSu, bhikSA ke liye jAte the ve ye haiM :- ugrakula, bhogakula, rAjanyakula, kSatriyakula, ikSvAkukula, harivaMzakula, akula goSThoM kA kula vesiakula- vaizyakula, gaMDAgakula- gA~va meM ghoSaNA karane vAle nApitoM kA kula, koTTAgakula - bar3haIkula, bukkasa athavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bokkazAliyakula - bunkrkul| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jo kula anindita haiM, ajugupsita haiM unhIM meM jAnA cAhie; nindita va jugupsita kuloM meM nahIM jAnA caahie| vRttikAra ke kathanAnusAra camAra kula athavA dAsakula nindita mAne jAte haiN| isa niyama dvArA yaha phalita hotA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha kI yojanA ke samaya jainadharma meM kula ke AdhAra para uccakula evaM nIcakula kI bhAvanA ko sthAna milA ho| isake pUrva jaina pravacana meM isa bhAvanA kI gaMdha taka nahIM miltii| jahA~ khuda cANDAla ke muni banane ke ullekha haiM vahA~ nIcakula athavA garhitakula kI kalpanA hI kaise ho sakatI hai? utsava ke samaya bhikSA :- eka jagaha khAna-pAna ke prasaMga se jina vizeSa utsavoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve ye hai : indragaha, rakaMdAha, rUdrAmaha, mukundramaha, bhUtamaha, yakSamaha, nAgamaha, stUpamaha, caityamaha, vRkSamaha, girimaha, kUpamaha, nadImaha, sarovaramaha, sAgaramaha, Akaramaha ityaadi| ina utsavoM para utsava ke nimitta se Aye hue nimantrita vyaktiyoM ke bhojana kara lene para hI bhikSu AhAraprApti ke lie kisI ke ghara meM jAya, usase pUrva nhiiN| itanA hI nahIM, vaha ghara meM jAkara gRhapati kI strI, bahana, putra, putrI, putravadhu, dAsa, dAsI, nokara, nokarAnI se kahe ki jinheM jo denA thA unheM vaha de dene ke bAda jo bacA ho usameM se mujhe bhikSA do| isa niyama kA prayojana yahI hai ki kisI ke bhojana meM antarAla na pdd'e| saMkhaDi arthAt sAmUhika bhoja meM bhikSA ke lie jAne kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra kI bhikSA aneka doSoM kI jananI hai| janmotsava, nAmakaraNotsava Adi ke prasaMga para hone vAle bRhadbhoja ke nimitta aneka prakAra kI hiMsA hotI hai| aise avasara para bhikSA lene jAne kI sthiti meM sAdhuoM kI suvidhA ke lie bhI vizeSa hiMsA kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| ataH saMkhaDi meM bhikSu bhikSA ke lie na jaay| Age sUtrakAra ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jisa dizA meM saMkhaDi hotI ho usa dizA meM bhI bhikSu ko nahIM jAnA caahie| saMkhaDi kahA~-kahA~ hotI hai? grAma, nagara, kheDa, karbaTa, maDaMba, paTTaNa, Akara, droNamukha, naigama, Azrama, saMniveza va rAjadhAnI- ina saba meM saMkhaDi hotI hai| saMkhaDi meM bhikSA ke lie jAne se bhayaMkara For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 55 doSa lagate haiN| unake viSaya meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki kadAcita vahA~ adhika khAyA jAya athavA pIyA jAya aura vamana ho athavA apaca ho to roga hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| gRhapati ke sAtha, gRhapati kI strI ke sAtha, parivrAjakoM ke sAtha, parivrAjikAoM ke sAtha ekameva ho jAne para, madirA Adi pIne kI paristhiti utpanna hone para brahmacarya - bhaMga kA bhaya rahatA hai| yaha eka vizeSa bhayaMkara doSa hai| bhikSA ke liye jAte samaya :- bhikSA ke liye jAne vAle bhikSu ko kahA gayA hai ki apane saba upakaraNa sAtha rakhakara hI bhikSA ke lie jaay| eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAte samaya bhI vaisA hI kre| vartamAna meM eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAte samaya isa niyama kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai kintu bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya vaisA nahIM kiyA jaataa| dhIre - dhIre upakaraNoM meM vRddhi hotI gaI / ataH bhikSA ke samaya saba upakaraNa sAtha meM nahIM rakhane kI naI prathA calI ho aisA zakya hai| rAjakUloM meM :- Age batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ko kSatriyoM arthAt rAjAoM ke kuloM meM, kurAjAoM ke kuloM meM, rAjabhRtyoM ke kuloM meM, rAjavaMza ke kuloM meM bhikSA ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kucha rAjA evaM rAjavaMza * loga bhikSuoM ke sAtha asadvyavahAra karate hoMge athavA unake yahA~ kA AhAra saMyama kI sAdhanA meM vighnakara hotA hogaa| kisI gA~va meM nirbala vRddha bhikSuoM ne sthiravAsa kara rakhA ho athavA kucha samaya ke lie mAsakalpI bhikSuoM ne nivAsa kiyA huA ho aura vahA~ grAmAnugrAma vicarate hue anya bhikSu atithi ke rUpa meM Aye hoM jinheM dekhakara pahale se hI vahA~ rahe hue bhikSu yoM kahe ki he zramaNoM ! yaha gA~va to bahuta choTA hai athavA ghara-ghara sUtaka lagA huA hai isalie Apa loga Asa-pAsa ke amuka gA~va meM bhikSA ke lie jaaie| vahA~ hamAre amuka sambandhI rahate haiN| Apako unake yahA~ se dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI, gur3a, tela jalebI, zrIkhaNDa, pUDI Adi saba kucha milegaa| Apako jo pasanda ho vaha leN| khA-pIkara pAtra sApha kara phira yahA~ A jaaveN| sUtrakAra kahate ************ For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA hai ki bhikSu ko isa prakAra kI bhikSA prApta nahIM karanI caahie| sammilita sAmagrI :- bhikSA ke lie jAte hue bIca meM khAI, gar3ha Adi Ane para unheM lA~gha kara Age na jaay| isI prakAra mArga meM unmatta sAMDa, bhaiMsA, manuSya Adi hone para usa ora na jAya / bhikSA ke lie gaye hue jaina bhikSu Adi ko bhikSA dene vAlA gRhapati yadi yoM kahe ki he AyuSmAn zramaNoM ! maiM abhI vizeSa kAma meM vyasta huuN| maiMne yaha sArI bhojana sAmagrI Apa saba ko de dI hai ise Apa loga khA lIjie athavA Apasa meM bA~Ta liijie| aisI sthiti meM vaha bhojana sAmagrI jaina bhikSu svIkAra na kre| kadAcita kAraNavazAt aisI sAmagrI svIkAra karanI par3e to aisA na samajhe ki dAtA ne yaha sArI sAmagrI mujha akele ko de dI hai athavA mere lie hI paryApta hai| use Apasa meM bAMTate samaya athavA sAtha meM milakara khAte samaya kisI prakAra kA pakSapAta athavA cAlAkI na kare / bhikSA grahaNa kA yaha niyama autsargika nahIM apitu ApavAdika hai / vRttikAra ke anusAra amuka prakAra ke bhikSuoM ke lie hI yaha niyama hai, sabake lie nahIM / grAhya jala :- * bhikSu ke lie grAhya pAnI ke prakAra ye haiM :- utsvedima-pisI huI vastu ko bhigokara rakhA huA pAnI, saMsvedima-tila Adi binA pisI vastu ko dhokara rakhA huA pAnI, taNDulodaka - cAvala kA dhovana, tilodaka - tila kA dhovana, tuSodaka - tuSa kA dhovana, yavodaka - yava kA dhovana, AyAma - AcAmla - avazyAna, AranAla- kAMjI, zuddha acitta - nirjIva pAnI, AmrapAnaka- Ama kA pAnaka, drAkSA kA pAnI, bilva kA pAnI, amacUra kA pAnI, anAra kA pAnI, khUjara kA pAnI, nAriyala kA pAnI, kera kA pAnI, bera kA pAnI, AMvale kA pAnI, imalI kA pAnI ityAdi / agrAhya bhojana :- bhikSu pakAI huI vastu hI bhojana ke lie le sakatA hai, kaccI nahIM / * * agrAhya bhojana ke saMdarbha meM paMDita becaradAsa jI dozI ne vistAra se carcA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 57 zayyaiSaNA :- zayyaiSaNA nAmaka dvitIya prakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa sthAna meM gRhastha sakuTumba rahate hoM vahA~ bhikSu nahIM raha sakatA kyoMki aise sthAna meM rahane se aneka doSa lagate haiN| kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki logoM kI isa mAnyatA se ki ye zramaNa brahmacArI hote haiM ataH inase utpanna hone vAlI santAna tejasvI hotI hai, koI strI apane pAsa rahane vAle bhikSu ko kAmadeva ke paMje meM phaMsA detI hai jisase kI hai kintu vaha samagra carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| ataH prastuta Alekha meM hama usa aMza ko nahIM de rahe haiN| hamArI dRSTi meM agrAhya bhojana ke saMdarbha meM AcArAMga meM bhojana kI anoddezikatA para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai| prAcIna kAla meM muni kI bhikSAcaryA evaM AhAracaryA kI carcA karate hue isa pakSa para adhika bala diyA gayA thA ki bhikSu jisa bhikSA ko grahaNa kare vaha bhikSA auddezika nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki auddezika bhikSA ko grahaNa karane para kahIM na kahIM usake ahiMsA mahAvrata para doSa AtA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki paravartI kAla meM bhojana kI zuddhatA para bhI bala diyA gayA aura yaha kahA gayA ki mAtra anoddezika hI nahIM apitu aisA bhojana jo acitta hote hue bhI parizuddha nahIM hai, use nahIM lenA caahie| ... bhojana kI parizuddhi ke sambandha meM 22 abhakSyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI AmagaMdha arthAt sAmiSa bhojana lene kA spaSTa niSedha hai| cAhe dAtA aisA bhojana denA bhI cAhe to bhI bhikSu yaha kahakara usakA spaSTa niSedha kara de ki aisA bhojana mere lie akalpya arthAt agrAhya hai| Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki muni ko acitta hone para bhI aparizuddha bhojana isalie bhI nahIM lenA cAhie ki usase gRhastha upAsakoM para acchA prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki apavAda mArga meM cAhe kisI paristhiti meM auddezika AhAra lenA par3e kintu aparizuddha AhAra to kabhI nahIM lenA caahie| - sampAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA use saMyamabhraSTa honA par3atA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM makAna ke prakAra, makAnamAlikoM ke vyavasAya, unake AbhUSaNa, unake abhyaMga ke sAdhana, unake snAna sambandhI dravya Adi kA ullekha hai| isase prAcIna samaya ke makAnoM va sAmAjika vyavasAyoM kA kucha paricaya mila sakatA hai| IryApatha :- IryApatha nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM bhikSuoM ke pAda-vihAra, naukArohaNa, jala praveza Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| IryApatha zabda bauddha -paramparA meM bhI pracalita hai| tadanusAra sthAna, gamana, niSadyA aura zayana ina cAra kA IryApatha meM samAveza hotA hai| vinayapiTaka meM etadviSayaka vistRta vivecana hai| vihAra karate samaya bauddha bhikSu apanI paramparA ke niyamoM ke anusAra taiyAra hokara calatA hai isI kA nAma IryApatha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM apane samasta upakaraNa sArthe meM lekara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka gamana karane, zarIra ke avayava na hilAne, hAtha na uchAlane, paira na pachAr3ane kA nAma IryApatha hai| jaina paramparAbhimata IryApatha ke niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSu ko varSARtu meM pravAsa nahIM karanA caahie| jahA~ svAdhyAya, zauca Adi ke lie upayukta sthAna na ho, saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie yatheSTa upakaraNa sulabha na hoM, anya zramaNa, brAhmaNa, yAcaka Adi bar3I saMkhyA meM Aye hue hoM athavA Ane vAle hoM vahA~ bhikSu ko varSAvAsa nahIM karanA caahie| varSARtu bIta jAne para va hemanta Rtu Ane para mArga nirdoSa ho gaye hoM- jIvayukta na rahe hoM to bhikSu ko vihAra kara denA caahie| calate hue paira ke nIce koI jIva jantu mAlUma par3e to paira ko U~cA rakhakara calanA cAhie, saMkucita kara calanA cAhie, Ter3hA rakhakara calanA cAhie, kisI bhI taraha calakara usa jIva kI rakSA karanI caahie| vivekapUrvaka nIcI najara rakhakara sAmane cAra hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue calanA caahie| vaidika paramparA va bauddha paramparA ke bhikSuoM ke lie bhI pravAsa karate samaya isI prakAra se calane kI prakriyA kA vidhAna hai| mArga meM coroM ke vividha sthAna, mlecchoM-barbara, zabara, puliMda, bhIla Adi ke nivAsasthAna AveM to bhikSu ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 59 usa ora vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki ye loga dharma se anabhijJa hote haiM tathA akAlabhojI, asamaya meM ghUmane vAle, asamaya meM jagane vAle evaM sAdhuoM se dveSa rakhane vAle hote haiN| isI prakAra bhikSu rAjA - rahita rAjya, gaNarAjya (aneka rAjAoM vAlA rAjya), alpavayaskarAjya (kama umra vAle rAjA kA rAjya), dvirAjya (do rAjAoM kA saMyukta rAjya) evaM azAnta rAjya (eka dUsare kA virodhI rAjya) kI ora bhI vihAra na kare kyoMki aise rAjyoM meM jAne se saMyama kI virAdhanA hone kA bhaya rahatA hai| jina gA~voM kI dUrI bahuta adhika ho arthAt jahA~ dina bhara calate rahane para bhI eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va na pahu~cA jAtA ho usa ora vihAra karane kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mArga meM nadI Adi Ane para use nAva kI sahayatA ke binA pAra na kara sakane sthiti meM hI bhikSu nAva kA upayoga kare, anyathA nhiiN| pAnI meM calate samaya athavA nAva se pAnI pAra karate samaya pUrI sAvadhAnI rkhe| yadi do-cAra kosa ke ghere meM bhI sthalamArga ho to jalamArga se na jAya / nAva meM baiThane para nAvika dvArA kisI prakAra sevA mA~gI jAne para na de kintu maunapUrvaka dhyAna parAyaNa rhe| kadAcit nAva meM baiThe hue loga use pakar3a kara pAnI meM pheMkane lageM to vaha unheM kahe ki Apa loga aisA na kriye| maiM khuda hI pAnI meM kUda jAtA huuN| phira yadi loga pakar3a kara pheMka de to samabhAvapUrvaka pAnI meM gira jAye evaM tairanA AtA ho to zAnti se tairate hue bAhara nikala jaay| vihAra karate hue mArga meM cora mile aura bhikSu se kahe ki ye kapar3e hameM de do to vaha unheM kapar3e na de| chInakara le jAne kI sthiti meM dayanIyatA na dikhAve aura na kisI prakAra kI zikAyata hI kre| * bhASA prayoga :- bhASAjAta nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM bhikSu kI bhASA kA vivecana hai| bhASA ke vividha prakAroM meM se kisa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga * bhikSu ko karanA cAhie, kisake sAtha kaisI bhASA bolanI cAhie, bhASA - prayoga meM kina bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ina saba pahulaoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| - vastradhAraNa :- vastraiSaNA nAmaka paMcama prakaraNa meM bhikSu ke vastragrahaNa va vastradhAraNa kA vicAra hai| jo bhikSu tarUNa ho, balavAn ho, rUgNa na ho use eka For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, dUsarA nhiiN| bhikSuNI ko cAra saMghaTiyA~ dhAraNa karanI cAhiye jinameM se eka do hAtha cauDI ho, do tIna hAtha caur3I hoM aura eka cAra hAtha caur3I ho| zramaNa kisa prakAra ke vastra dhAraNa kare? jaMgiya - U~Ta Adi kI Una se banA huA, bhaMgiya - dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM kI lAra se banA huA, sANiya-sanakI chAla se banA huA, pottaga - tADapatra ke pattoM se banA huA, khomiya - kapAsa kA banA huA evaM tUlakaMDa - Aka Adi kI rUI se banA huA vastra zramaNa kAma meM le sakatA hai| patale, sunahale, camakate evaM bahUmUlya vastroM kA upayoga zramaNa ke liye varjita hai brAhmaNoM ke vastra ke upayoga ke viSaya meM manusmRti (a. 2, zlo. 40-41) meM evaM bauddha zramaNoM ke vastropayoga ke sambandha meM vinayapiTakaM (pR. 275) meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| brAhmaNoM ke lie nimnokta chaH prakAra ke vastra anumata hai| : kRSNamRga, rUrU (mRgavizeSa) evaM chAga (bakarA) kA camar3A, sana, kSumA (alasI) evaM meSa (bher3a) ke loma se banA vstr| bauddha zramaNoM ke lie nimnokta chaH prakAra ke vastra vihita hai :kauzeya - rezamI vastra, kaMbala, kojava - laMbe bAla vAlA kaMbala, kSauma-alasI kI chAla se banA huA vastra, zANa - sana kI chAla se banA huA vastra, bhaMga-bhaMga kI chAla se banA huA vstr| jaina bhikSuoM ke lie jaMgiya Adi uparyukta cha: prakAra ke vastra grAhya haiN| bauddha bhikSuoM ke lie bahumUlya vastra na lene ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa niyama nahIM hai| jaina zramaNoM ke lie kaMbala, kojava evaM bahumUlya vastra ke upayoga kA spaSTa niSedha hai| pAtraiSaNA :- pAtraiSaNA nAmaka SaSTha adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki tarUNa, balavAn evaM svasthya bhikSu ko kevala eka pAtra rakhanA caahie| yaha pAtra alAbu, kASTha athavA miTTI kA ho sakatA hai| bauddha zramaNoM ke lie miTTI va lohe ke pAtra kA upayoga vihita hai, kASThAdi ke pAtra kA nhiiN| avagraheSaNA :- avagraheSaNA nAmaka saptama adhyayana meM avagrahaviSayaka vivecana hai| avagraha arthAt kisI ke svAmitva kA sthaan| nirgrantha bhikSu kisI sthAna meM Thaharane ke pUrva usake svAmI kI anivAryarUpa se anumati le / aisA karane para use adattAdAna-corI karane kA doSa lagatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 61 malamUlavisarjana :- dvitIya cUlikA ke uccAra - prasravaNanikSepa nAmaka dasaveM adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu ko apanA TaTTI - pezAba kahA~ va kaise DAlanA cAhie? grantha kI yojanA karane vAle jJAnI evaM anubhavI purUSa yaha jAnate the ki yadi malamUla upayukta sthAna para na DAlA gayA to logoM ke svAsthya kI hAni hone ke sAtha hI sAtha anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa pahu~cegA evaM jIvahiMsA meM vRddhi hogii| jahA~ va jisa prakAra DAlane se kisI bhI prANI ke jIvana kI virAdhanA kI AzaMkA ho vahA~ va usa prakAra bhikSu ko malamUtrAdika nahIM DAlanA caahie| zabdazravaNa va rUpadarzana :- Age ke do adhyayanoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra ke madhura zabda sunane kI bhAvanA se athavA karkaza zabda na sunane kI icchA se bhikSu ko gamanAganama nahIM karanA caahie| phira bhI yadi sunane hI par3e to samabhAvapUrvaka sunanA va sahana karanA caahie| yahI bAta manohara va amanohara rUpAdi ke viSaya meM bhI hai| ina adhyayanoM meM sUtrakAra ne vividha prakAra ke zabdoM va rUpoM para prakAza DAlA hai| . - parakriyAniSedha :- inase Age ke do adhyayanoM meM bhikSu ke lie parakriyA arthAt kisI anya vyakti dvArA usake zarIra para kI jAne vAlI kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA, yathA zrRMgAra, upacAra Adi svIkAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bhikSu - bhikSu ke bIca kI athavA bhikSuNI-bhikSuNI ke bIca kI parakriyA bhI niSiddha hai| ... mahAvIra-carita :- bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya cUlikA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA - caritra hai| isameM bhagavAna kA svargacyavana, garbhApahAra, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna evaM nirvANa varNita hai| ASAr3ha zulkA SaSThI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM bhAratavarSa ke dakSiNa brAhmaNakuMDapura grAma meM bhagavAna svarga se mRtyuloka meM aaye| tadanantara bhagavAna ke hitAnukampaka deva ne unake garbha ko Azvina kRSNA trayodazI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM uttara - kSatriyakuMDapura grAma meM rahane vAle jJAtakSatriya kAzyapagotrIya siddhArtha kI vAsiSThagotrIyA trizalA kSatriyANI kI kukSi se badalA aura trizalA ke garbha ko dakSiNa brAhmaNakuNDapura grAma meM rahane vAlI jAlaMdhara gotrIyA devAnandA brAhmaNI kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kukSi meM bdlaa| usa samaya mahAvIra tIna jJAnayukta the| nau mahIne va sAr3he sAta dina-rAta bItane para caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM bhagavAn kA janma huaa| jisa rAtri meM bhagavAna paidA hue usa rAtri meM bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka evaM vaimAnika deva va deviyA~ unake janmasthAna para aaye| cAroM ora divya prakAza phaila gyaa| devoM ne amRta kI tathA anya sugandhita padArthoM va ratnoM kI varSA kI / bhagavAna - kA sUtikarma deva - deviyoM ne sampanna kiyaa| bhagavAn ke trizalA ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda siddhArtha kA ghara dhana, suvarNa Adi se bar3hane lgaa| ataH mAtA-pitA ne jAtibhojana karAkara khUba dhUmadhAma ke sAtha bhagavAn kA vardhamAna nAma rkhaa| bhagavAn pA~ca prakAra ke arthAt zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa va gaMdhamaya kAmabhogoM kA bhoga karate hue rahane lge| bhagavAn ke tIna nAma the, vardhamAna, zramaNa va mhaaviir| inake pitA ke bhI tIna nAma the : siddhArtha, zreyAMsa va jsNs| mAtA ke bhI tIna nAma the : trizalA, videhadattA va priykaarinnii| inake pitRvya arthAt cAcA supArzva, jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma naMdivardhana, jyeSTha bhaginI kA nAma sudarzanA va bhAryA kA nAma yazodA thaa| inakI putrI ke do nAma the : anavadyA va priydrshnaa|| inakI dohitrI ke bhI do nAma the : zeSavatI va yshomtii| inake mAtA, pitA pAzrvApatya arthAt pArzvanAtha ke anuyAthI the| ve donoM zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karate the| mahAvIra tIsa varSa taka sAgArAvasthA meM rahakara mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke bAda apanI pratijJA pUrI hone para, samasta riddhisiddhi kA tyAga kara, apanI saMpatti ko logoM meM bA~Ta kara hemanta Rtu kI mRgazIrSa - agahana kRSNA dazamI ke dina hastottarA nakSatra meM anagAra vRtti vAle hue / usa samaya lokAntika devoM ne Akara bhagavAn mahAvIra se kahA ki bhagavan ! samasta jIvoM ke hitarUpa tIrtha kA pravartana kiijiye| bAda meM cAroM prakAra ke devoM ne unakA dIkSA-mahotsava kiyaa| unheM zarIra para va zarIra ke nIce ke bhAga para phUMka mArate hI ur3a jAya aisA pAradarzaka haMsalakSaNa vastra pahanAyA, AbhUSaNa pahanAye aura pAlakI meM baiThAkara abhiniSkramaNa - utsava kiyaa| bhagavAna pAlakI meM siMhAsana para baitthe| unake donoM ora zakra aura IzAna indra khar3e-khar3e ca~vara DUlAte the| pAlakI ke agrabhAga arthAt pUrvabhAga ko sUroM ne, dakSiNabhAga ko asuroM ne, pazcima bhAga ko garUr3oM ne evaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 63 uttarabhAga ko nAgoM ne utthaayaa| uttarakSatriyakuNDapura ke bIcobIca hote hue bhagavAn jJAtakhaNDa nAmaka udyAna meM aaye| pAlakI se utara sAre AbhUSaNa nikAla diye| bAda meM bhagavAna ke pAsa ghUTanoM ke bala baiThe hue vaizramaNI devoM ne haMsalakSaNa kapar3e meM ve AbhUSaNa le liye| tadantara bhagavAn ne apane dAhine hAtha se sira ko dAhinI ora ke va bAye hAtha se dAyI ora ke bAloM ko loMca kiyaa| indra ne bhagavAn ke pAsa ghuTanoM ke bala baiThakara vajramaya thAla meM ve bAla le liye va bhagavAn kI anumati se unheM kSIrasamudra meM DAla diye| bAda meM bhagavAn ne siddhoM ko namaskAra kara "savvaM me akaraNijjaM pAva kamma" arthAt "mere lie saba prakAra kA pApakarma akaraNIya hai", isa prakAra kA sAmAyikacAritra svIkAra kiyaa| jisa samaya bhagavAn ne yaha cAritra svIkAra kiyA usa samaya devapariSad evaM manuSyapariSad citravat sthira evaM zAnta ho gii| indra kI AjJA se bajane vAle divya bAje zAnta ho gye| bhagavAn dvArA uccArita cAritragrahaNa ke zabda sabane zAnta bhAva se sune| kSAyopazamika cAritra svIkAra karane vAle bhagavAn ko manaHparyAyajJAna utpanna huaa| isa jJAnadvArA ve DhAI dvIpa meM rahe hue vyakta manavAle samasta paMcendriya prANiyoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane lge| bAda meM dIkSita hue bhagavAn ko unake mitrajanoM, jJAtijanoM, svajanoM evaM sambandhIjanoM ne vidAI dii| vidAI lene ke bAda bhagavAn ne yaha pratijJA kI ki Aja se bAraha varSa paryanta zarIra kI cintA na karate hue deva, mAnava, pazu evaM pakSIkRta samasta upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kruuNgaa|, kSamApUrvaka sahana kruuNgaa| aisI pratijJA kara ve muhUrta divasa zeSa rahane para uttarakSatriyakuNDapura se ravAnA hokara kammAragrAma phuNce| tatpazcAt zarIra kI kisI prakAra kI paravAha na karate hue mahAvIra uttama saMyama, tapa, brahmacarya, kSamA, tyAga evaM santoSapUrvaka pA~ca samiti va tIna gupti kA pAlana karate hue, apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarane lage evaM Ane vAle upasargoM ko zAntipUrvaka prasanna citta se sahana karane lge| isa prakAra bhagavAn ne bAhara varSa vyatIta kiye| - terahavA~ varSa lagane para vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina chAyA ke pUrva dizA kI ora mur3ane para arthAt aparAnha meM jisa samaya mahAvIra jaMbhigrAma ke bAhara ujjuvAliyA nAmaka nadI ke uttarI kinAre para zyAmAka nAmaka gRhapati ke kheta meM vyAvRtta nAmaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA caitya ke samIpa godohAsana se baiThe hue AtApanA le rahe the, do upavAsa dhAraNa kiye hue the, sira nIce rakha kara donoM ghuTane U~ce kiye hue dhyAna meM lIna the usa samaya unheM ananta pratipUrNa - samagra - nirAvaraNa kevalajJAna - darzana huaa| ___ aba bhagavAn arhat - jina hue, kevalI-sarvajJa-sarvabhAvadarzI hue| deva, manuSya evaM asuraloka paryAyoM ke jJAtA hue| Agamana, gamana, sthiti, cyavana, upapAta, prakaTa, gupta, kathita, akathita Adi samasta kriyAoM va bhAvoM ke draSTA hue, jJAtA hue| jisa samaya bhagavAn kevalI, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI hue usa samaya bhavanapati Adi cAroM prakAra ke devoM va deviyoM ne Akara bhArI utsava kiyaa| .. bhagavAn ne apanI AtmA tathA loka ko sampUrNatayA dekhakara pahale devoM ko aura bAda meM manuSyoM ko dharmopadeza diyaa| bAda meM gotama Adi zramaNa-nirgrathoM ko bhAvanAyukta pA~ca mahAvratoM tathA cha: jIvanikAyoM kA svarUpa smjhaayaa| bhAvanA nAmaka prastuta cUlikA meM ina pA~ca mahAvratoM kA svarUpa vistArapUrvaka samajhAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca - pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai| mamatvamukti :- anta meM vimukti nAmaka caturtha cUlikA meM mamatvamUlaka Arambha aura parigraha ke phala kI mImAMsA karate hue bhikSu ko unase dUra rahane ko kahA gayA hai| use parvata kI bhA~ti nizcala va dRr3ha raha kara sarpa kI keMcUlI kI bhA~ti mamatva ko utAra kara pheMka denA caahie| vItarAgatA evaM sarvajJatA :- pAtaMjala yogasUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki amuka bhUmikA para pahu~ce hue sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna hotA hai aura vaha usa jJAna dvArA samasta padArthoM evaM samasta ghaTanAoM ko jAna letA hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI kevalI, sarvajJa athavA sarvadarzI kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu sAdhaka -jIvana meM pradhAnatA evaM mahattA kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana kI nahIM hai apitu vItarAgatA, vItamohatA, nirAmravatA, niSkaSAyatA kI hai| vItarAgatA kI dRSTi se hI AcArya haribhrada ne kapila aura sugata ko bhI sarvajJa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hI sarvajJa mAnanA va kisI anya ko sarvajJa na mAnanA ThIka nhiiN| jisameM vItarAgatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 65 hai vaha sarvajJa hai- usakA jJAna nirdoSa hai| jisameM sarAgatA hai vaha alpajJa hai - usakA jJAna sadoSa hai| sandarbha : 1. (a) prathama zrutaskandha - W. Schubring, Leipzig, 1910, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti; pUnA, san 1924 (A) niyukti tathA zIlAMka, jinahaMsa va pArzvacandra kI TIkAoM ke sAtha, dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, vi saM 1936 (I) niyukti va zIlAMka kI TIkA ke sAtha - Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, vi.saM. 1972-1973 (I) aMgrejI anuvAda - H. Jacobi, S.B.E. Series; Vol. 22, Oxford 1884. (u) mUla - H. Jacobi, Pali Text Society, London 1882. (U) prathama zrutaskandha kA jarmana anuvAda - Worte Mahavira, W. Schuring, Leipzig; 1926. (R) gujarAtI anuvAda - ravajIbhAI devarAja, jaina priMTiMga presa, ahamadAbAda, san 1902 va 1906 (e) gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda - gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, navajIvana ... kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, vi saM 1992 . (ai) hindI anuvAda sahita - amolakaRSi, haidarAbAda, vI saM 2446 (o) prathama zrutaskandha kA gujarAtI anuvAda - muni saubhAgyacandra (saMtabAla) mahAvIra sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, ahamadAbAda, san 1936 (au) saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha ___ - muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, sana - 1957, For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 3. (aM) hindI chAyAnuvAda - gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve sthA jaina kaoNnphrensa, bambaI, vi saM 1994 (aH) prathama zrutaskandha kA baMgAlI anuvAda-hIrAkumArI, jaina zve. terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vi.saM. 2009 ... saptame tvayam- saMyamAdiguNayuktasya kadAcid mohasamutthAH parISahA upasargA vA prAdurbhaveyuH te samyak soDhavyAH - pR.9. mUla meM sejyA va jijjA zabda hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa "sadyA" mAnanA vizeSa ucita hogaa| niSadyA aura sadyA ye donoM samAnArthaka zabda haiM tathA sadana, sadma Adi zabda vasati-nivAsa sthAna ke sUcaka haiM parantu prAcIna logoM ne sejjA va sijjA kA saMskRta rUpa "zayyA" svIkAra kiyA hai| hemacandra jaise prakhara pratibhAzAlI vaiyAkaraNa ne bhI "zayyA kA "sejjA" banAne kA niyama diyA hai| sadana, sadma aura sadyA ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| AgamoM ko pustakArUDha karane vAle AcArya kA nAma devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa hai| amuka gItArtha purUSa ko "gaNI" aura "kSamAzramaNa" kahA jAtA hai| jaise vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke praNetA jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa haiM vaise hI uccakoTi ke gItArtha devarddhi bhI gaNikSamAzramaNa haiN| inakI gurUparaMparA kA krama kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM diyA huA hai| inako kisI bhI granthakAra ne vAcakavaMza meM nahIM ginaayaa| ataH vAcakoM se ye gaNikSamAzramaNa alaga mAlUma hote haiM aura vAcakavaMza kI paramparA alaga mAlUma hotI hai| nandisUtra ke praNetA devavAcaka nAma ke AcArya haiN| unakI gurU paramparA nandisUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM dI hai ora ve spaSTarUpa se vAcakavaMza kI paraMparA meM hai ataH devavAcaka aura devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa alaga-alaga AcArya ke nAma haiM tathA kisI prakAra se kadAcita gaNikSamAzramaNa pada aura vAcaka pada bhinna nahIM hai| aisA mAnane para bhI ina donoM AcAryoM kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 67 gurUparamparA bhI eka sI nahIM mAlUma hotI / isalie bhI ye donoM bhinna - bhinna AcArya haiN| praznapaddhati nAmaka choTe-se grantha meM likhA hai ki naMdisUtra devavAcaka ne banAyA hai aura pAThoM ko bArabAra na likhanA par3e isalie devavAcakakRta nandisUtra kI sAkSI pustakArUr3ha karate samaya devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne dI hai| ye donoM AcArya bhinna - bhinna hone para hI praznapaddhati kA yaha ullekha saMgata ho sakatA hai| praznapaddhati ke kartA ke vicAra se ye donoM eka hI hote to ve aisA likhate ki naMdisUtra devavAcaka kI kRti hai aura apanI hI kRti kI sAkSI devarddhi ne dI hai parantu unhoMne aisA.na likhakara ye donoM bhinna-bhinna hoM, isa prakAra nirdeza kiyA hai| praznapaddhati ke kartA muni harizacandra haiM jo apane ko navAMgIvRttikAra yA abhayadevasUri ke ziSya kahate haiN| - dekho praznapaddhati, pR.2 5. "pateta pazemAnI'' nAmaka prkrnn| 6. manusmRti, a. 3, zlo. 68 / 7.. kRSi sAdhviMti manyante sA vRttiH sdvigrhitaa| . bhUmi bhUmizayAMzcaiva hanti kaasstthmyomukhm|| . - manusmati, a. 10. zloka. 84 8. a.4, ralo 201-2. 9. . a. 12, zlo. 16; a. 4, zlo. 19 - 10. sarvArambhaparityAgI guNAtItaH sa uccate - a. 24, zlo 25 11. a.17, zlo. 5-6, 14, 16-7 12. dekhiye - zrI lakSmaNazAstrI jozI likhita vaidika saMskRti kA itihAsa (marAThI), pR. 176 13. anya vizeSa - sA~vA 14. chAndogya - tRtIya adhyAya, caudahavA~ khaNDa ; AtmopaniSad - prathama kaNDikA; nArAyaNopaniSad - zlo 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 15. pR. 253-255 16. mUlazabda "pAyapuMchaNa'' hai| prAkRta bhASA meM "puMcha'' dhAtu parimArjana artha meM AtA hai| dekhie - prAkRta vyAkaraNa, 8.4. 104, saMskRta bhASA kA "mRj' dhAtu aura prAkRta bhASA kA "puMcha" dhAtu samAnArthaka haiN| ataH "pAyapuMchaNa" zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara "pAdamArjana' ho sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM "pujaMNI' nAma kA eka choTA sA upakaraNa prasiddha hai| isakA sambandha bhI "puMcha" dhAtu se hai aura yaha upakaraNa paMrimArjana ke lie hI upayukta hotA hai| "aMgochA" zabda kA sambandha bhI "aMgapuMcha" zabda ke sAtha hai| "poMchanA" kriyApada isa "puMcha" dhAtu se hI sambandha rakhatA hai - poMchanA mAne parimArjana krnaa| 17. AcArAMga, 1.3.3 18. vahI 1 4.4 19. prakaraNa 2, zloka 6 AcArAMga, 1.5.6 21. kenopaniSad, kha 1, zlo. 3 kaThopaniSad, a 1, zlo. 14 vRhadAraNyaka, brAhmaNa 8, zloka 8 24. mANDukyopaniSad, zloka 7. taittirIyopaniSad, brahmAnanda vallI 2, anuvAka 4 / 26. brahmavidyopaniSad, zloka 81-911 AcArAMga, 1.6.3 / avestA ke lie dekhie - gAthAoM para navo prakAza, pR. 448, 462, 464, 823 veda ke lie dekhie - Rgveda maMDala 2, sUkta 23, maMtra 9 tathA sUkta 11, maMtra 1 29. jaina zAsana ke kriyAkAMDa meM parivartana karane vAle aura sthAnakavAsI 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 69 paramparA ke pravartaka pradhAna purUSa zrI lokAzAha bhI muhapattI nahIM bAMdhate the| bAMdhane kI prathA bAda meM calI hai| - dekhie gurUdeva zrI ratnamuni smRti-grantha meM paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA lekha "lokazAha aura unakI vicaardhaaraa"| . 30. viziSTa veSadhArI bhikhaarii| 31. jyeSTha bhaginI va putrI ke nAmo ke kucha gar3abar3I huI mAlUma hotI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra ne (gAthA 2307) mahAvIra kI putrI kA nAma jyeSThA sudarzanA va anavadyAMgI batAyA hai jabaki AcArAMga meM mahAvIra kI bahina kA nAma sudarzanA tathA putrI kA nAma anavadyA va priyadarzanA batAyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAMga ke kucha mahattvapUrNa sUtra; eka vizleSaNa - pro. surendra varmA dekho aura samajho (pAsa) mahAvIra kA samasta darzana amUrta ciMtana kA pariNAma na hokara sahaja pratyakSIkaraNa para AdhArita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kabhI yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki maiMne jo kucha kahA hai use A~kha baMda kara sahI mAna hI liyA jaae| ve bAra-bAra hameM saMsAra kI gatividhiyoM ko svayaM dekhane ke lie kahate hai| (dekhane ke lie prAkRta bhASA meM pAsa zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo vastutaH (saMskRta pazya dhAtu se AyA hai|) isa prakAra ve hameM svataMtra rupa se apanI anubhUtiyoM ke dvArA una niSkarSoM para pahu~cane ke lie prerita karate hai jo svayaM mahAvIra ne apane anubhava aura pratyakSa se phalita kie the| mahAvIra kA yaha Agraha ki hama saMsAra kI gatividhiyoM ko svayaM hI dekheM, eka ora jahA~ svataMtra ciMtana para bala detA hai vahIM dUsarI aura dArzanika vicAra ko kevala amUrta soca aura kitAbI jJAna se mukta karatA hai| mahAvIra hameM AmaMtrita karate haiM ki hama dekheM ki isa saMsAra meM sabhI jIva eka dUsare ko duHkha pahuMcAte haiM, isase samasta prANI jagat eka AtaMkita sthiti meM jIne ke lie abhizapta hai, ve kahate haiM : pANA pANe kilesti| pAsa loe mhbbhyN| (pRSTha 230/13-14) 'pANA pANe kilesati' - yaha eka tathya hai ki prANI, prANiyoM ko kleza pahucAte haiM, lekina mahAvIra yahA~ jisa bAta kI ora hameM vizeSakara saMketa karate haiM vaha yaha hai ki prANiyoM kA eka-dUsare ke prati aisA vyavahAra saMsAra meM mahAbhaya vyApta karatA hai unakI ciMtA hai ki AtaMka se Akhira praNiyoM ko kisa prakAra chuTakArA prApta karAyA jaae| jahA~ eka manuSya kA saMbaMdha hai, eka vicArazIla prANI hone ke nAte, usase to yaha apekSA kI hI jA sakatI hai ki vaha kama se kama isa AMtaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 71 kA kAraNa na bane; lekina aisA vastutaH hai nahIM, balki isa mahAbhaya ko prazraya dene meM manuSya kA yogadAna zAyada sabase adhika hI ho| mahAvIra saMketa karate haiM ki tanika Atura vyaktiyoM ko dekho; ve kahIM bhI kyoM na hoM, hara jagaha prANiyoM ko paritApa dene se bAja nahIM Ate : tattha-tattha puDhA pAsa, AturA pritaaveNti| (8/15) ye Atura loga Akhira haiM kauna? sAmAnyataH hama sabhI to Atura haiN| vaha bImAra mAnasikatA jo vyakti ko adhIra banAtI hai vastutaH usakI dehAsakti hai| hama Atura manuSya kaheM, Asakta kaheM- bAta eka hI hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM, isalie Asakti ko dekho| isakA svarupa hI aisA hai ki vaha hamAre zAMti ke mArga meM sadaiva ror3A banatI hai, phira bhI hama usakI ora khiMce hI cale jAte haiM tamhA saMgaM ti paash| gaMthehiM gaDhiyA NarA, visaNNA kaamvippiyaa| (252/103-109) . mahAvIra hameM yaha dekhane ke lie nirdeza dete haiM ki ve loga jo dehAsakta haiM, pUrI taraha se parAbhUta haiN| aise loga bAra-bAra duHkha ko prApta hote haiN| vastutaH ve batAte haiM, isa jagat meM jitane loga bhI hiMsA-jIvI haiM, isI Asakti kAraNa se hiMsA jIvI haiN| deha aura daihika viSayoM ke prati vyakti kA lagAva hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai :.. . . pAsaha ege rUvesu giddhe prinnijjmaanne| ettha phAse puNo punno| AvaMtI keAvaMtI loyaMsi AraMbhajIvI, eaisu ceva aarmjiivii| ___(178/13-15) mahAvIra kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM vyApta AtaMka aura mahAbhaya jisa vyakti ne dekha aura samajha liyA hai, vahI hiMsA se nivRtta hone meM saphala ho sakatA hai (pRSTha For Personal & Private Use Only

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72 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 43/145,146) / Atura loga jahA~ sthAna-sthAna para paritApa dete haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora dekho ki sAdhujana saMyama kA jIvana jIte haiN| lajjamANa puDhA pAsa! (8/17) / aise zAMta aura dhIra vyakti dehAsakti se mukta hote haiM - iha saMti gayA daviyA NAvakakhaMti (42/149) saMkSepa meM mahAvIra hameM AmaMtrita karate haiM ki hama pratyakSataH dekheM ki saMsAra meM hiMsA ke kAraNa jo AtaMka vyApta hai usakA mUla dehAsakti meM hai aura isa Asakti ko samApta karane ke lie saMyama Avazyaka hai| ve isa saMdarbha meM sAdhuoM ko lakSita karate haiM aura kahate hai ki dekhoM, unhoMne kisa prakAra hiMsA se virata hokara saMyama ko apanAyA hai| aise loga hI hamAre sacce mArgadarzaka haiN| kSaNa ko pahacAno aura pramAda na karo . mahAvIra kahate hai ki he paMDita! tU kSaNa ko jAna-khaNaM jANAhi paMDie (74/24) / ___yaha jaina darzana kA eka bahuta mahatvapUrNa sUtra hai| prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ "kSaNa" se kyA Azaya hai? "kSaNa" manuSya kI yathArtha sthiti kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo kama se kama saMtoSajanaka to nahIM hI kahIM jA sktii| yadi hama apanI aura saMsAra kI vAstavika dazA kI ora gaura kareM to hameM spaSTa samajha meM A jAegA ki :__ 1. yaha saMsAra parivartanazIla hai aura yaha sadaiva eka sA nahIM banA rhtaa| Aja vyakti yauvana aura zakti se bharapUra hai kintu kala yahI vyakti vRddha aura azakta ho jaaegaa| Ayu bItatI calI jA rahI hai aura usake sAtha-sAtha yauvana bhI DhalatA jA rahA hai- vayo uccei jovvaNaM ca (72/12) 2. duHkha aura sukha vyakti kA apanA-apanA hotA hai, ise bhI samajha lenA caahie| jANittu dukkhaM patteyaM sAyaM, (74/22) / ataH yaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 73 socanA ki koI bhI anya vyakti/parijana viparIta sthitiyoM meM vyakti kA sahAyaka ho sakatA hai, kevala bhrama mAtra hai na to hama dUsaroM ko trANa yA zaraNa de sakate haiM aura na hI dUsare hameM trANa yA zaraNa de sakate haiN| nAlaM te tava tANAe vA, saraNAe vaa| tuma pi tesiM nAlaM tANAe vA, saraNAe vaa| (72/8) 3. paristhitiyA~ bahuta kaThina haiN| vyakti dina-ba-dina durbala hotA jA rahA hai, use kisI zrI kSaNa mRtyu ghera sakatI hai| bahuta hI kalAtmaka bhASA meM kahA gayA hai- Natthi kAlassa NAgamo (82/66)- mRtyu ke lie koI bhI kSaNa anavasara nahIM hai| koI bhI vyakti apane sAdhanoM ko juTAtA hai aura samajhatA hai ki yaha arthArjana use surakSA pradAna kara skegaa| vaha dhana ekatrita karane ke lie svayaM cora aura luTerA bana jAtA hai kintu eka samaya aisA bhI AtA hai ki cora aura luTere hI usakA dhana chIna le jAte haiM aura isa prakAra sukha kA arthI vastutaH duHkha ko prApta hotA hai (84/69) / saMsAra kI isa niHsaratA ko samajhanA hI kSaNa' ko pahacAnanA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM ki dhairyavAna puruSoM ko avasara kI samIkSA karanA cAhie aura muhUrtabhara bhI pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| aMtaraM ca khalu imaM saMpehAe-dhIre muhuttamavi No pmaaye| (72/11) vastutaH jisa vyakti ne kSaNa ko pahacAna liyA hai vaha eka pala kA bhI vilamba kie binA apanI janma-maraNa kI sthiti se mukti ke lie prayAsa Arambha kara hI degaa| kauzala isI meM hai isIlie mahAvIra kahate haiM:- kuzala ko pramAda se kyA pryojn| alaM kusalassa pamAeNaM (88/95) / ve * nirdeza dete haiM ki uTho aura pramAda na karo- uThThie No pmaaye| (182/23) 'pramAda' kise kahate haiM? pramAda na karane kA kyA artha hai? jo parAkrama karatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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74: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai, vaha pramAda nahIM krtaa| mahAvIra parAkrama ke lie prerita karate haiM, pramAda ke lie nhiiN| mahAvIra ke darzana meM parAkrama kA artha hai- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha Adi kaSAyoM ko zAMta kara denA, zabda aura rupa meM Asakti na rakhanA tathA pUrI taraha apramatta ho jAnA (dekheM, 338/15) / vaise bhI pramAda chaH prakAra ke batAe gae hai :- . . 1. madya pramAda 2. nidrA-pramAda . . . 3. viSaya pramAda 4. kaSAya pramAda ... 5. dyuta-pramAda (pratilekhanA) tathA 6. nirIkSaNa pramAda . . (sthAnAMgasUtra, 6-44) ina sabhI prakAra ke pramAdoM se bacanA hI parAkrama hai aura yaha parAkrama vyakti ko svayaM hI dikhAnA hai isake lie use kisI anya se koI sahAyatA prApta hone vAlI nahIM hai| pramAda na karane kA eka artha yaha bhI hai ki vyakti apanI mukti ke lie svayaM hI prayatna kre| purUSArtha aura parAkrama vastutaH mAnava-prayatna meM hai| jainadarzana meM kisI bhI atiprAkRtika aura daivI zakti, jise hama prAyaH "Izvara" kahate haiM, meM vizvAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| manuSya kA ekamAtra mitra.manuSya svayaM hI hai| manuSya akelA AyA hai| akelA hI jaaegaa| use kisI anya se- Izvara se bhI- koI sahAyatA prApta hone vAlI nahI hai| kisI mitra yA sahAyaka ko apane se bAhara khojane kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM mahAvIra kahate haiM - purisA! tumameva tumaM mitta, kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi? (136/62) ataH uTho aura pramAda na karo! ananya aura parama pada prApta karane hetu kSaNabhara pramAda na karo-aNaNNa paramaM nANI, No pamAe kayAI vi (134/56) / jaba taka kAna sunate haiM, A~khe dekhatI haiM, nAka sUMgha sakatI hai aura jIbha rasa prApta kara sakatI hai, jaba taka sparza kI anubhUti akSuNya hai - ina nAnA rupa indriya jJAna ke rahate puruSa ke lie yaha apane hI hita meM hai ki vaha samyak anuzIlana kare (74/75) / bAda meM yaha avasara nahIM aaegaa| he paMDita ! tU kSaNa ko jAna aura pramAda na kr| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 75 medhAvI banAma maMdamati - AyAro meM manuSya ke do spaSTa prArupa batAe gae haiM- medhAvI aura mUr3ha yA mNdmti| prathama dRSTi meM aisA pratIta hotA hai medhAvI aura mUr3ha mAnava buddhi kA eka mApa hai jisake eka chora para 'medhAvI' aura dUsare chora para 'maMda-mati' hai lekina vastutaH aisA hai nhiiN| yaha mAnava buddhi kA paimAnA na hokara vyaktiyoM ke do varga haiN| medhAvI vyaktiyoM kI kucha naitika-cAritrika vizeSatAe~ haiM jo maMdamati vyaktiyoM se bhinna aura unakI virodhI haiN| ___ maMdamati loga moha se AvRtta hote haiN| ye Asakti meM phaMse hue loga haiM-maMdA moheNa pAuDA (736/30) / dUsarI ora medhAvI puruSa moha aura Asakti ko apane pAsa phaTakane nahIM dete| ve ina saba se nivRtta hote haiN| araiM AuTTe se mehAvI (73/27)- jo arati kA-caitasika udvegoM kA- nivartana karatA hai, vahI medhAvI hai| Asakti manuSya ko becaina karatI hai, azAMta karatI hai use vyathita aura udvelita karatI hai kiMtu medhAvI muruSa vaha hai jo na ciMtita hotA hai na vyathita yA udvelit| vaha sabhI udvegoM ko apane se bAhara nikAla pheMkatA hai| unase nivRtti pA letA hai| "arati" (araI) kA artha jahA~ eka ora becainI aura azAMti se hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, virakti yA rAga ke abhAva ko bhI "arati" kahA gayA hai| kiMtu "ariiM AuTTe" rAga ke abhAva se nivRtti nahIM hai, vaha to svayaM rAga se asaMyama se nivRtti hai| saMyama meM rati aura asaMyama meM arati karane se caitanya aura AnaMda kA vikAsa hotA hai| saMyama meM arati aura asaMyama meM rati karane se usakA hAsa hotA hai| "ariiM Au?" saMyama se hone vAlI "arati'' (virakti) kA nivartana hai (pR. 106) / asaMjame niyattiM ca, saMjame ya pvttnnN| - jo vyakti maMdamati hai, satata mUr3ha hai vaha dharma ko nahIM smjhtaa| satataM mUr3he dhammaM NabhijANai (88/63) / dUsarI ora jo vyakti AjJA (dharma) meM zraddhA rakhatA hai, vaha medhAvI hai- saDDhI ANAe mehAvI (140/80) / medhAvI sadA dharma kA pAlana karatA hai aura nirdeza kI kabhI atikramaNa nahIM krtaa| NiddesaM NativaTejjA mehAvI (202/115) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AyAro meM medhAvI, dhIra, vIra Adi zabda lagabhaga samAnArthaka haiN| jo medhAvI nahIM hai, vaha maMdamati hai; jo dhIra nahIM hai, vaha Atura hai; jo vIra nahIM hai, vaha kAyara hai| saMsAra meM do prakAra ke vyakti haiM / eka varga medhAvI, dhIra aura vIra puruSoM kA hai aura dUsarA maMdamati, Atura aura kAyara logoM kA hai| jo medhAvI haiM ve dhIra bhI haiN| jo maMdamati haiM ve Atura aura kAyara bhI haiN| vIra puruSa kauna hai? vIra puruSa hiMsA meM lipta nahIM hotA - Na lippaI chaNapaNa vIre (106/180) / medhAvI ahiMsA ke marma ko jAnatA hai- se mehAvI aNugdhAyaNAssa khayaNNe (106/181) / isake viparIta kAyara manuSya hiMsaka hote haiM; viSayoM se pIr3ita, vinAza karane vAle bhakSaka aura krUra hote haiN| hiMsA kI apekSA se kAyara durbala nahIM hai aura na hI vIra balavAna hai| vasaTTA kAyarA jaNA lUsagA bhavaMti - viSayoM meM lipta kAyara vyakti "lUSaka" (hiMsaka, bhakSaka, prakRti se krUra) hotA hai| dhIra puruSa dhairyavAna hai| Atura adhIra haiN| Atura loga hara jagaha prANiyoM ko duHkha aura paripAta dete haiM, ise spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai- tattha-tattha puDho pAsa, AturA paritAveMti (8/15) / isakA kAraNa hai, Atura manuSya Asatti se grasta hotA hai| yahI Asakti manuSya ko AzA/nirAzA ke jhUle meM jhulAtI hai aura use svecchAcArI banAtI hai| kiMtu dhIra puruSa vaha hai jo isa AzA aura svacchaMdatA ko chor3a detA haiAsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiMca dhIre (88 / 86 ) | AyAro jaba manuSya ke do viparIta guNa-dharmI prarUpoM kA ullekha karatA hai to kyA vaha inako pUrNataH ekAMtika mAnatA hai? kyA medhAvI aura maMdamati pUrNataH maMdamati hI rahatA hai? spaSTataH 'medhAvI' aura 'mUr3ha' ekAMtika prarupa nahIM haiN| AyAro meM spaSTa dikhAyA gayA hai ki medhAvI puruSa bhI kisa prakAra cyuta hokara punaH maMdamati yA mUr3ha ho jAte haiN| uttarottara Ane vAle duHsaha parISahoM ko sahana na kara pAne ke kAraNa (234/32) ve prayatna dvArA arjita kiyA huA apanA muni - pada chor3a dete haiN| isI prakAra medhAvI AraMbha se hI medhAvI nahIM hote| ve uttarottara hI isa dizA kI ora agrasara hote haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 77 vastutaH medhAvI puruSa hI muni hai| muni kA artha hai jJAnI / AyAro ke anusAra jo puruSa apanI prajJA se loka (saMsAra) ko jAnatA hai vaha muni kahalAtA hai| aisA vyakti dharmavid aura Rju hotA hai- paNNANehiM pariyANaha loyaM muNIti vacce, dhammaviutti aMjU (122/5) muni ko "kurAla' bhI kahA gayA hai| kuzala kA bhI artha hai- jJAnI kuzala apane jJAna se janma-maraNa ke cakra kA atikramaNa kara punaH na baddha hotA hai aura mukta na hotA hai- kusale puNa No baddhe, No mukke (106/182) / AtmatulA- ahiMsaka jIvana kA rakSAkavaca (tAvIz2a) yadi hama hiMsA ke gati - vijJAna se paricita haiM to hameM yaha samajhate dera nahIM lagegI ki hiMsA ke kAraNa hamArA saMsAra naraka bana gayA hai| hiMsA eka aisI mAnasika graMthi hai jisakA moha hama chor3a nahIM pAte aura hamArI mRtyu kA vaha kAraNa banatI hai : : esa khalu gaMthe esa khalu mohe esa khalu mAre esa khalu gara (pRSTha 11/25) * jisane hiMsA meM nihita isa AtaMka aura ahita ko dekha liyA hai, use hiMsA .se. nivRtta hone meM samaya nahIM lagegA lekina yaha " dekhanA " korA bauddhika jJAna nahIM hai| yaha to vastutaH eka AdhyAtmika anubhava hai| jaba taka ki hama apane Apa meM aMdara se isa bAta ko nahIM samajhate, hama bAhya jagata meM vyApta hiMsA ko bhI nahIM samajha skte| mahAvIra kahate haiM- jo adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai, bAhya ko jAnatA hai| jo bAhya ko jAnatA hai, vaha adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai| je ajjhatthaM jANai, se bahiyA jANai / je bahiyA jANai, se ajjhatthaM jANai // For Personal & Private Use Only - (pRSTha 42/147)

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78 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA yahI " AtmatulA" hai| mahAvIra isI AtmatulA ke anveSaNa ke lie hame AmaMtrita karate haiM- eyaM tulamaNNesiM ( vahI pra. 148) / AtmatulA vastutaH saba jIvoM ke duHkha-sukha ke anubhava kI samAnatA para hamArA dhyAna AkRSTaM karatI hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM ki hamArI hI taraha sabhI prANiyoM koAyuSya priya hai| ve sukhAsvAdana karanA cAhate haiM / duHkha se ghabarAte haiN| unheM vaMdha apriya hai, jIvana priya hai| ve jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM - savve pANA piyAusA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA appiyavahA piyajIviNo jIviukAmA / ( 82/63) savvesiM jIviyaM piya / aMdara hI aMdara hama saba bhI yahI cAhate haiN| ataH mahAvIra kahate haiM ki tR bAhya jagata ko apanI AtmA ke samAna dekha-Ayao bahiyA pAsa (134/52) / yadi hama bAhya jagata ko apanI AtmA ke samAna dekha pAte haiM to nizcita hI hiMsA se virata ho sakate haiN| mahAvIra ne ahiMsaka jIvana jIne kA hameM yaha eka uttama rakSA-kavaca diyA hai, jisase manuSya na kevala svayaM apane ko balki samasta prANI jagata ko hiMsA se bacAe rakha sakatA hai| hamArI sArI kaThinAI yahI hai ki hama jisa tarAjU se svayaM ko tolate haiM, dUsaroM ko nahIM tolte| dUsaroM ke lie hama dUsarA tarAjU istemAla karate hai| kiMtu mahAvIra " AtmatulA" para hI sabako tolane ke pakSadhara haiN| jaba taka hama dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI Atmavata nahIM samajhate, hama vastutaH apanI rakSA bhI nahIM kara sakate / sabakI rakSA meM hI apanI rakSA bhI sammilita hai| isIlie mahAvIra kahate haiM, sabhI logoM ko samAna jAnakara, vyakti ko zastra se, hiMsA se ubaranA cAhie " samayaM logassa jANittA, ettha satthovarae / (pRSTha 122/3) yahA~ yaha dRSTavya hai ki mahAvIra ne hameM yaha jo hiMsA-ahiMsA viveka ke lie - For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 79 AtmatulA kA mApadaMDa diyA hai, use kisI na kisI rupa meM anya darzanoM/dArzanikoM ne bhI apanAyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM pAzcAtya vikhyAta dArzanika kAMTa kA nAma sahaja hI smaraNa ho AtA hai| kAMTa, yadyapi jainadarzana se nizcita hI aparicita rahe hoMge lekina unhoMne naitika AcaraNa ke jo mApadaMDa die haiM unameM se eka AtmatulA kI ora hI saMketa karatA hai| unake anusAra manuSya ko ThIka usI taraha vyavahAra karanA cAhie jaisA ki vaha apane lie dUsaroM se apekSA karatA hai| kAMTa kA kahanA hai ki vyakti ko sadaiva aise sUtra ke anusAra kAma karanA cAhie jo sArvabhauma niyama bana sake- "KCT ONLY ON THAT MAXIM(OR PRINCIPLE), HKHICH THO CANSTAT THE SAME TIME ILL TO BECOMEA UNIVERSAL LAW." dUsare zabdoM meM hama dUsaroM ke prati koI aisA kAma na kareM jise hama apane lie galata samajhate hoN| . mahAvIra kI "AtmatulA" ke saMdarbha meM yadi hama dekheM to isase yaha artha nikalegA ki yadi hameM hiMsA apane lie priya nahIM hai to hameM dUsaroM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| ahiMsA hI eka aisA niyama ho sakatA hai jise sArvabhaumika rupa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, hiMsA nhiiN| hiMsA kA prArupa-vijJAna (TYPOLOGY) ___ yadyapi jaina dharmagraMthoM meM anya sthAnoM para hiMsA ke amuka prarupoM kA varNana aura vargIkaraNa huA hai kiMtu AyAro meM spaSTa rupa se hiMsA kA koI prarupa vijJAna nahIM milA parantu eka sthala para hiMsA kI do vimAoM (DIMENSIONS) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (40/140) / isameM kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga prayojanavaza prANiyoM kA vadha karate haiM kiMtu kucha vyakti binA prayojana hI vadha karate haiN| isa prakAra hiMsA arthavAna bhI ho sakatI hai aura anarthavAna bhI ho sakatI hai| isI gAthA meM Age calakara hiMsA . kI eka aura vimA batAI gaI hai jo hiMsA ko tInoM kAloM-vigata, vartamAna aura bhaviSya se jor3atI hai| hiMsA isa prakAra bhUta-prerita ho sakatI hai, vartamAna prerita ho sakatI hai aura bhaviSya prerita bhI ho sakatI hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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80 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 'appege aTThAe vahati, appege aNaTThAe vahati - appege hisiMsu metti vA vahati appege hiMsaMti metti vA vahati appege hisissaMti metti vA vahati - - (40/140) jahA~ taka hiMsA kA prayojanAtmaka "aTTAe" aura aprayojanAtmaka "aNaTThAe' vimA kA prazna hai, arthavAna athavA prayojanAtmaka hiMsA ke kucha udAharaNa isI gAthA ke AraMbha meM die gae haiM jisameM kahA gayA hai ki kucha vyakti zarIra ke lie prANiyoM kA vadha karate haiM to kucha loga carma, mAMsa, rakta, hadaya, pitta, carbI, paMkha, pUMcha, keza, sIMga, daMta, dAr3ha, nakha, snAyu, asthi aura prANiyoM kI asthimajjA ke lie unakA vadha karate haiN| yaha spaSTa hI prayojanAtmaka hiMsA hai| hiMsA karane ke bezaka aura bhI prayojana ho sakate haiN| eka anya gAthA, jise AyAro meM bAra-bAra doharAyA gayA hai, ke anusAra manuSya hiMsA vartamAna jIvana ke lie prazaMsA sammAna aura pUjA ke lie janma-maraNa aura mocana ke lie, duHkha pratikAra ke lie karatA hai| (39/130) isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki prayojanArtha hiMsA ke kaI vivaraNa hameM AyAro meM milate hai kintu aprayojanAtmaka (aNaTAe) hiMsA kA koI spaSTa udAharaNa hameM nahIM milatA paraMtu eka gAthA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki Asakta manuSya hAsya-vinoda meM (kabhI-kabhI) jIvoM kA vadha kara AnaMda prApta karatA hai| . avi se hAsamAsajja, haMtA NaMdIti mannati . - (130/32) ise spaSTa hI nirarthaka (aprayojanAtmaka) hiMsA kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsA se manuSya ko koI lAbha nahIM hotA sivA isake ki vaha isa prakAra kI hiMsA karake eka asvastha sukha prApta kre| isa prakAra kI nirthaka hiMsA ko hama krIr3Atmaka hiMsA bhI kaha sakate haiN| AyAro ke anusAra isa prakAra kI krIr3Atmaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 81 hiMsA meM kevala bAla aura ajJAnI loga hI pravRtta ho sakate haiM kyoMki isase koI mAnava prayojana to sadhatA nahIM hai, balki isase vyakti nirarthaka hI anya prANiyoM se apanA baira hI baDhAtA hai| alaM bAlasya saMgeNa, veraM vaDDheti appnno| ___- (130/32) AyAro meM isa prakAra jahA~ eka ora prayojana-sApekSa hiMsA kA arthavAna aura nirarthaka vimA kA ullekha milatA hai vahIM eka dUsarI vimA, jo kAla-sApekSa hai, bhI batalAI gaI hai| isake anusAra (dekhie, 40/140, Upara uddharita) ___1. kucha vyakti (hamAre svajanoM kI) hiMsA kI gaI thI (bhUtakAla) isalie vadha karate haiM kucha 2. kucha vyakti isalie ki loga hiMsA kara raheM haiM (vartamAna), vadha karate hai tathA kucha : 3. kucha vyakti isalie bhI hiMsA meM pravRtta hote haiM ki unheM (bhaviSya meM) . saMbhAvanA lagatI hai ki hiMsA kI jaaegii| prathama prakAra kI hiMsA spaSTa hI bhUtakAla se prerita hiMsA hai kyoMki vigata meM kabhI (parijanoM kI) hiMsA kI gaI thI isalie vyakti hiMsA meM vigata hiMsA kA badalA lene ke lie hiMsA karatA hai| dvitIya prakAra kI hiMsA vartamAna meM ho rahI hiMsA ke pratikriyA svarupa kI jAtI hai| Aja kucha loga hiMsA meM pravRtta haiM isalie usakA jabAba dene ke lie isa prakAra " kI hiMsA meM pratikriyA svarupa, jabAbI AkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ise hama pratikriyAtmaka hiMsA kaha sakate haiN| .. tRtIya prakAra kI hiMsA meM vyakti bhaviSya kI AzaMkA meM, isa Dara se ki kahIM hamAre Upara hiMsA na ho jAe, hiMsA para utArU ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsA ko hama AzaMkita hiMsA yA bhayAkrAMta hiMsA kaha sakate haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA yaha jAnanA eka dilacaspI kA viSaya ho sakatA hai ki Aja ke vikhyAta manovizleSaka erika phraoNma ne hiMsA ke jo aneka prArupa batAe haiM unameM bhUtakAla prerita (pratizodhAtmaka) hiMsA aura vartamAna prerita (pratikriyAtmaka) hiMsA kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| unhoMne hiMsA kA eka prakAra, krIr3Atmaka hiMsA bhI batAyA hai lekina krIr3Atmaka hiMsA se unakA tAtparya manoraMjana yA pramoda ke lie hiMsA se na hokara khelate samaya (jUDo-karATe, mukkebAjI ityAdi) meM jo hiMsA kabhI-kabhI ho jAtI hai usase hai| ve aisI krIr3Atmaka hiMsA ko burA nahIM maante| use ve jIvanonmukha mAnate haiN| phira bhI aisI hiMsA vastutaH to nirarthaka hI hai| isa prakAra hameM dekhate hai ki AcArAMga ko yathAthra jIvana ye jIne kI preraNA detA hai| 0 upanidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI TI AI ror3a, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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sthAnAMgasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - pro. sAgaramala jaina sthAnAMgasUtra ke vartamAna meM aneka saMskaraNa upalabdha haiM jinameM gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda dvArA saMcAlita "pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA'' ke 23veM puSpa ke rupa meM sthAnAMga tathA samavAyAMga kA paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kRta jo sundara, subodha tathA suspaSTa anuvAda evaM prastAvanA aura tulanAtmaka TippaNiyoM ke sAtha prakAzana huA hai, usase sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI viSayavastu ko samajhane meM paryApta sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne ina granthoM ke viSaya paricaya ke sAtha-sAtha inakI racanA zailI evaM racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vicAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra muni kanhaiyAlAlajI "kamala'' dvArA saMpAdita evaM yuvAcArya madhukara muni dvArA saMpAdita "sthAnAMgasUtra" aura usakI devendramuni zAstrI dvArA likhita bhUmikA bhI sthAnAMga ke paricaya ke liye mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi isa bhUmikA meM mukhya rupa se paM. dalasukha bhAI ke lekhana aura vizeSa rupa se unakI TippaNiyoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| ina granthoM ke saMbaMdha meM viziSTa jAnakArI ke liye una saMskaraNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ para hama saMkSepa meM hI ina granthoM ke svarupa, racanA zailI, racanAkAla evaM viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM prakAza ddaaleNge| sthAnAMga kA svarupa :- dvAdaza aMga sUtroM meM sthAnAMga tRtIya aMga sUtra mAnA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga zabda sthAna + aMga se banA hai| nandI sUtra ke anusAra eka se prArambha karake eka-eka bar3hAte hue 10 sthAnoM taka vibhinna bhAvoM kA varNana hone se ise sthAnAMga nAma diyA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ke anusAra jisakA svarupa sthApita kiyA jAye athavA jJApita kiyA jAye, vaha sthAna hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra jisameM jIvAdi viSayoM kA vyavasthita rupa se pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai vaha sthAna hai| vastutaH yaha artha sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu ko dRSTi meM rakhakara prastuta kiye gaye haiN| * vastutaH yahA~ "sthAna" zabda saMkhyA krama kA sUcaka hai| upadezamAlA meM "sthAna" zabda kA artha "mAna" athavA "parimAna" kiyA gayA hai isase isakA saMkhyAsUcaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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84 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA honA siddha hotA hai| vastutaH sthAnAMga meM saMkhyA ke krama se bauddhoM ke aMguttara nikAya kI bhAMti vibhinna viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yathA eka-eka vastu meM kyA hai? do-do vastuyeM kyA haiM? aadi| isa krama meM eka se lekara dasa taka kI vastuoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM 12 aMgoM kA jo paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, usameM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki ekavidha, dvividha yAvat dasavidha jIva, pudgala aura loka sthiti kA varNana isa grantha meM hai| ___anya aMga sUtroM se sthAnAMga ke svarupa kI tulanA karate hue hama yaha pAte haiM ki jahA~ anya aMga sUtroM meM mumukSu jIvoM ke lie vidhi- niSedha rupa se AcAra niyamoM kA pratipAdana hai athavA sAdhaka AtmAoM ke jIvana vivaraNa haiM athavA saMvAdoM ke rupa meM upadeza haiM, vahA~ sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga donoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye grantha saMgrahAtmaka koSa ke rupa meM likhe gaye haiN| anya aMgoM kI apekSA inakA viSaya nirupaNa sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai| smRti meM suvidhA ho aura vaha cirakAla taka sthira raha sake isaliye saMkhyA ke krama se vibhinna AgamoM kI jAnakArI ke liye Avazyaka aisI viSaya vastu ko isameM saMgrahita kara diyA gayA hai| ina aMgoM kI viSaya nirupaNa zailI se aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki jaba anya sabhI aMga bana gaye hoMge taba smRti tathA dhAraNA kI saralatA kI dRSTi se athavA viSayoM ke khoja kI sugamatA kI dRSTi se ina donoM aMgoM kI yojanA kI gayI hogI tathA inheM vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna karane hetu aMgoM meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hogaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dasa adhyAya aura sAta sau terAsI sUtra haiN| isake dasaveM adhyAya meM dasa-dasa adhyAya vAle dasa dazAgranthoM kA ullekha hai, kintu unameM kahIM bhI sthAnAMga kA dazA ke rupa meM ullekha nahIM hai, isase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha dasa dazAoM ke pazcAta hI nirmita huA hogaa| sthAnAMga kA paricaya hameM samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM milatA hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra sthAnAMga meM svasiddhAnta, parasiddhAnta aura svapara siddhAnta kA, jIva, ajIva aura jIvAjIva kA, loka-aloka aura lokAloka kA, dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM kA tathA parvata, nadI, samudra, devoM ke prakAra, puruSoM ke vibhinna prakAra, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 85 unake gotra, nadiyoM, nidhiyoM evaM jyotiSika devoM kI vibhinna gatiyoM kA varNana hai| naMdI sUtra meM bhI lagabhaga kiMcita aMtara ke sAtha sthAnAMga kI yahI viSayavastu nirUpita kI gayI haiN| samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra donoM hI isameM eka zrutaskaMdha, dasa adhyayana, 21 uddezana kAla, 21 samuddezana kAla aura 72 hajAra padoM ke hone kA ullekha karate haiN| paravartI zvetAmbara graMthoM (vidhimArgaprapA Adi) meM bhI isI AdhAra para isakI viSayavastu kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM tattvArthavArtika meM isakI viSayavastu kA nirupaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "sthAnAMga meM aneka Azraya vAle arthoM kA nirNaya hai|" dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki isameM eka se lekara uttarottara eka-eka adhika sthAnoM kA varNana hai, jaise mahat AtmA eka hai, vaha baddha aura mukta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha tIna prakAra kA hai| cAra gatiyoM meM saMkramaNa karane se cAra prakAra kA hai| pAMca guNoM (bhAvoM) meM bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| chaH dizAoM meM gamana karane ke bheda se jIva chaH prakAra kA hai| saptabhaMgI ke bheda se vaha sAta prakAra kA hai| ATha karmAzravoM ke AdhAra para jIva ATha prakAra kA hai| nau arthaka hone se vaha nau prakAra kA hai| dasa sthAna yathA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, pratyeka banaspati, nigodha, dviindiya, trindriya, cartuindriya evaM paMcendriya ke bheda se dasa prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra ajIva pudgala bhI eka prakAra, do prakAra Adi kA hai| digambara paramparA meM isake padoM kI saMkhyA 42 hajAra mAnI gayI hai| yadi hama uparyukta vivaraNoM kI tulanA sthAnAMga ke vartamAna svarupa se karate haiM to eka-do Adi saMkhyA krama se isameM dasa saMkhyA taka ke viSayoM kA nirupaNa upalabdha hotA hai, ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM isake saMkhyAoM ke uttarottara krama se vivecana vAle svarupa kI vartamAna svarupa se koI bhinnatA nahIM hai parantu yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM tattvArthavArtikakAra jAnakArI meM sthAnAMga nahIM thA / isI prakAra dhavalA, jayadhavalA aura aMga prajJapti ke lekhakoM ke samakSa yA unakI jAnakArI meM bhI vartamAna sthAnAMga nahIM thA, kintu For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA anuzruti se unheM isa saMkhyA krama vAle svarupa kA bodha thA / viSayavastu kI kalpanA unhoMne apane DhaMga se kI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM 2 hajAra aura digambara paramparA meM 42 hajAra pada pramANa hone kI jo bAta kahI gayI hai, vaha atizyokti pUrNa hI lagatI hai| vartamAna meM prastuta sUtra kA zloka parimANa 3770 hai| sthAnAMga kA racanA kAla :- paramparAgata dRSTi se sabhI aMga AgamoM ke artha rupa se upadeSTA bhagavAn mahAvIra aura zabda rupa se unake praNetA gautama gaNadhara Adi mAne gaye haiM kintu yadi hama sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu para vicAra kareM to spaSTa rupa se aisA lagatA hai ki isameM samaya-samaya para viSayasAmagrI DAlI jAtI rahI hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM isa grantha kI racanA paddhati ko samajha lene ke pazcAt yaha samajhanA atyanta sarala ho jAtA hai ki isa grantha meM samaya-samaya para kisa prakAra kI viSayavastu ko jor3A jAtA rahA hai| yadyapi yaha abhivRddhi saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hI huI hai, kintu inakA saMbaMdha itihAsa ke sAtha bhI hai| isameM jisa-jisa prakAra kI viSayavastu kI abhivRddhi kI gayI hai, use pahacAna pAnA bhI kaThina nahIM hai udAharaNa ke rupa meM sAtaveM sthAna meM nihnava saMbaMdhI sAmagrI aura naveM sthAna meM gaNa saMbaMdhI sAmagrI bAda meM jor3I gayI hai| sthAnAMga ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki samyak dRSTi sampanna gItArtha purUSoM ne pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI zruta sAmagrI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAta yatra-tatra hAni-vRddhi kI hai| sthAnAMga ke naveM adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nau gaNoM ke nAma Ate haiN| ye nAma isa prakAra haiM :godAsagaNa, uttarabalissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, uDDavAtitagaNa, vissavAtitagaNa, kAmaDDhitagaNa, mAlavagaNa aura koDikagaNa / kalpasUtra kI sthivirAvalI meM ina gaNoM kI uttpatti isa prakAra batAI gayI hai :prAcIna gotrIya Arya bhadrabAhu ke cAra sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma godAsa thaa| ina kAzyapa gotrIya godAsa sthavira se godAsa nAmaka gaNa kI utpatti huI / elAvacca gotrIya Arya mahAgiri ke ATha sthavira ziSya the inameM se eka kA nAma uttarabalissaha thaa| inase uttarabalissaha nAmaka gaNa niklaa| vaziSTha gotrIya Arya suhastI ke bAraha sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma Arya rohaNa thaa| inhIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 87 kAzyapa gotrIya rohaNa se uddehagaNa niklaa| unhIM gurU ke ziSya hAritagotrIya sirigutta se cAraNagaNa kI utpatti huii| bhAradvAjagotrIya bhaddajasa se uDDavADiyagaNa utpanna huA evaM kuMDila (kuMDali athavA kuDila) gotrIya kamaDr3hi sthavira se vesavADiyagaNa niklaa| isI prakAra kAMkadI nagarI nivAsI vaziSThagotrIya isigutta se mAlavagaNa evaM vagghAvaccagotrIya susthita va supratibaddha se koDika nAmaka gaNa niklaa| uparyukta ullekha meM kAmaDr3hitagaNa kI utpatti kA koI nirdezana nahI hai| saMbhava hai Arya suhasti ke ziSya kAmaDDhi sthavira se hI yaha gaNa bhI nikalA ho| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM kAmaDDhitagaNa viSayaka ullekha nahIM hai kintu kAmaDDhitakula saMbaMdhI ullekha avazya hai| yaha kAmaDDhitakula usa vesavADiya-vissavADita gaNa kA hI eka kula hai, jisakI utpatti kAmaDDhi sthavira se batalAI gayI hai| uparyukta sabhI gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do sau varSa ke bAda ke bhI ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra sthAnAMga ke sAtaveM sthAna meM jAmAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3ha, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta aura goSThAmAhila ina sAta nihnavoM kA ullekha AtA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki inameM se prathama do ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca nihnava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda kI tIsarI zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya hue haiM arthAt I.pU. dvitIya zatI se IsA kI prathama zatI ke bIca hue hai| ina nihnavoM ke prasaMga meM boTika kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jaataa| boTika kI utpatti vIra nirvANa saMvat 906 yA 909 meM mAnI gayI hai| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki isameM aitihAsika dRSTi se vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI athavA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke bAda kI koI aitihAsika sAmagrI kI sUcanA isameM nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki isa grantha kI racanA kA aMtima svarupa vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdi yA IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI se Age nahIM jaataa| ataH yaha mAnanA adhika upayukta hai ki isa sUtra kI aMtima yojanA vIra nirvANa kI aMtima zatAbdI meM hone vAle kisI gItArtha AcArya ne apane samaya taka kI ghaTanAoM ko pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha milAkara kI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki mahAvIra ke bAda ghaTita hone For Personal & Private Use Only

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88. : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vAlI sabhI ghaTanAyeM kisI gItArtha AcArya dvArA isa sUtra meM pIche se jor3a dI gayI hai| vese yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AnI cAhie ki AgamoM ko granthabaddha karane vAle devardhigaNikSamAzramaNa hI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ko antima rupa dene vAle rahe hoNge| yadyapi isakA yaha tAtparya bhI nahIM hai ki grantha kI sampUrNa sAmagrI hI arvAcIna yA paravartI hai| isakA tAtparya mAtra yaha hai ki grantha ko aMtima svarupa kaba milaa| yadyapi yaha mAnanA ki yaha Agama gaNadhara kRta hI hai aura zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sarvajJatA meM bhaviSya kAla kI ghaTanAoM ko dekhakara unakA vivaraNa prastuta kara diyA thA, vyaktigata zraddhA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, parantu gaveSaNAtmaka rupa se tarka saMgata nahIM lgtaa| mAtra yahI nahIM yadi mahAvIra ne bhaviSya kAla kI ghaTanAoM ko kahA thA to unake kriyApada bhaviSyakAlika hone cAhie the na ki bhuutkaalik| jabaki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mUla Agama meM ye kriyApada bhUtakAlika haiN| ataH yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM honI cAhie ki isa grantha meM mahAvIra ke kAla se lekara vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta taka kI sAmagrI kA saMkalana hotA rahA hai kyoMki goSThAmAhila kA isameM ullekha hai aura usakA kAla vIra nirvANa 584 varSa ullikhita hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA yaha spaSTa vicAra hai ki vIra nirvANa 585 arthAta IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt isameM kisI sAmagrI kI abhivRddhi nahIM huI hai kyoMki isameM vIra nirvANa sa. 609 meM hone vAle nihnava "boTika" kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadi sthAnAMga meM vIra nirvANa 980 yA 993 meM huI vallabhI vAcanA taka parivardhana yA parivartana hue hote to isameM AThaveM sthAna meM 8 nihnavoM kA ullekha avazya hotaa| inatA hI nahIM isameM ullikhita aMga graMthoM aura unake adhyayanoM kA paricaya bhI parivartita ho gayA hotaa| sthAnAMga meM jina dasa dazAoM aura unake udhyayanoM kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya ke una granthoM ke adhyayanoM meM samavAyAMga ke anuvAda ke 231 se 263 pRSTha taka kI TippaNiyoM meM vistAra se ullikhita hai| isI prakAra aMga granthoM kI viSayavastu meM sthAnAMga meM jo ullekha haiM ve samavAyAMga naMdIsUtra aura naMdI cUrNI se kisa prakAra bhinna haiM isakI carcA hamane isI grantha meM upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtika, praznavyAkaraNadazA aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 89 vipAkadazA kI vivecanA karate samaya kI hai| pAThaka ise vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| paM dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA likhate haiM ki isa AdhAra para eka bAta jo nizcita hotI hai vaha yaha ki vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya upalabdha granthoM kI viSayavastu meM abhivRddhi yA kamI nahIM kI gyii| yadi kI gayI hotI to sthAnAMga meM aneka sUtroM ko kama karanA hotA aura aneka sUtroM ko bar3hAnA hotaa| vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya saMkalana meM pUrNa prAmANikatA rakhI gyii| saMkalana kartA ne apanI ora se granthoM kI viSayavastu meM na to naI viSayavastu ko jor3A hai aura na aspaSTa aura avAMchita viSayavastu ko parivartita kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM paraspara visaMgatiyoM ko unhoMne haTAne kA bhI prayatna nahI kiyA, mAtra itanA hI kiyA ki jo vastu jisa rupa meM thI usI rupa meM vyasthita karake grantha baddha kara diyaa| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isa grantha ko aMtima rupa vIra nirvANa saMvat kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta meM arthAt IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM milA aura usake bAda isameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM huaa| yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai ki grantha kI prathama saMkalanA se lekara IsA kI prathama : zatAbdI se ise aMtima rupa milane taka isameM kucha abhivRddhi yA parivartana hue, kyoMki ve isakI viSaya pratipAdana zailI Adi se bhinna haiN| udAharaNa ke rupa meM sthAnAMga meM bhAvI tIrthakara vimalavAhana kA jo vistRta jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai vaha nizcita rupa se bAda meM jor3A gayA hai, kyoMki vaha pUrA vivaraNa kathA rupa meM hai aura rAjA zreNika ke jIva kA bhaviSya meM vimalavAhana nAmaka tIrthaMkara ke rupa meM janma lene kA * ullekha karatA hai| isI prakAra nandIzvara dvIpa ke cAra parvatoM ke nAma meM aMjanaka parvata kA ullekha to aprAsaMgika nahIM hai kintu parvata kA vistRta vivaraNa nizcita hI kahIM se jor3A gayA hai| isI prakAra sukha-zaiyA, duHkha zaiyA, mohanIya sthAna, vibhaMga dhyAna, baladeva-vAsudeva kA varNana, svaramaMDala prakaraNa aura tRtIya sthAna ke dvitIya * uddezaka meM gautama aura mahAvIra ke bIca kA saMvAda yaha saba kahIM se isameM jor3A gayA hai, kintu yaha saba IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI taka ho cukA thaa| isa prakAra sthAnAMga kA racanA kAla vIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI taka vistRta hai| yadyapi ise aMtima rupa vIra nirvANa chaThI zatAbdI meM hI milaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA sthAnAMga ke upalabdha pATha ko samajhane meM AcAryoM ko kitanI asuvidhAyeM huI thI tathA pAThabhedoM ke kAraNa svarupa nirdhAraNa meM kisa prakAra kI kaThinAI huI hogI, isakA citraNa svayaM sthAnAMga ke prathama TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga vRtti ke anta kI prazasti meM kiyA hai sampradAyahInattvAt sadUhasya viyogataH / sarvasvaparazAstrAnAmadraSTe rasmRtezcame / / 1 / / vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustkaanaamshuddhtH| sUtrAnAmatigAmbhIryAt matabhedAcca kutracit ||2|| sthAnAMgavRtti prazasti arthAt grantha ko samajhane meM paramparA kA abhAva hai| sutarka kA viyoga hai| saba sva-para zAstra dekhe nahIM jA sake haiM aura na mujhe unakI smRti hI hai| aisI sthiti meM unakI vyAkhyA meM matabheda honA svAbhAvika hai| isase niSkarSa rupa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhayadeva ke kAla taka grantha kI vAcanA meM vibhinnatA A gayI thii| yadyapi isa vibhinnatA kA tAtparya viSayavastugata vibhinnatA se na lekara kevala pAThAntaroM se hI lenA caahie| yaha spaSTa hai ki abhayadeva ke kAla taka ardhamAgadhI AgamoM para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA thA aura isI kAraNa AgamoM meM pAThAntaroM kI sRSTi ho gayI thI aura ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM prayukta bahuta se dezI zabdoM kA artha AcAryoM ko mAlUma nahIM thaa| zailI :- jahA~ taka isa sUtra kI zailI kA prazna hai svayaM samavAyAMga meM 12 aMgoM kA paricaya dete hue sthAnAMga ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki isameM ekavidha-dvividha yAvat dasa vidha jIva, pudgala aura loka sthiti kA varNana hai| samavAyAMga meM sUcita yaha zailI Aja bhI isa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hai| sthAnAMga ke prathama prakaraNa meM eka-eka padArtha athavA kriyA Adi kA nirupaNa hai, dvitIya meM do-do kA, tRtIya meM tIna-tIna kA, yAvat antima prakaraNa meM dasa-dasa padArthoM athavA kriyAoM kA varNana hai| jisa prakaraNa meM eka saMkhyaka vastu kA vicAra hai usakA nAma eka sthAna athavA prathama sthAna hai| isI prakAra dvitIya sthAna yAvat dazamasthAna ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 91 isa prakAra sthAnAMga meM dasa sthAna, adhyayana athavA prakaraNa haiN| jisa prakaraNa meM nirupaNIya sAmagrI adhika hai usake cAra upavibhAga bhI kiye gaye haiN| dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha prakaraNa meM aise cAra-cAra upavibhAga haiM tathA paMcama prakaraNa meM bhI tIna upavibhAga haiN| inake upavibhAgoM kA pAribhASika nAma "uddezaka" hai| samavAyAMga kI zailI bhI isI prakAra kI hai, kintu usameM dasa se Age kI saMkhyA vAlI vastuoM kA bhI nirupaNa hai| ataH usakI prakaraNa saMkhyA sthAnAMga kI taraha nizcita nahIM hai, athavA yoM samajhanA cAhie ki usameM sthAnAMga kI taraha koI prakaraNa vyavasthA nahIM kI gayI hai| isIliye naMdIsUtra meM samavAyAMga kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM eka hI adhyayana hai| ____ sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga kI koza zailI bauddha paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA ke prathoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| bauddha grantha aMguttara nikAya, puggalapati, mahAvyutpatti evaM dharma saMgraha meM isI prakAra kI zailI meM vicAraNAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke grantha mahAbhArata ke vanaparva (adhyAya 134) meM bhI isI zailI meM vicAra saMgrahIta kiye gaye haiN| sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM saMgraha pradhAna koza zailI hote hue bhI aneka sthAnoM para yA to zailI khaMDita ho gayI hai yA vibhAga karane meM pUrI sAvadhAnI nahIM rakhI gayI hai| udAharaNa ke liye aneka sthAnoM para vyaktiyoM ke caritra Ate haiM, parvatoM kA varNana AtA hai, mahAvIra aura gautama ke saMvAda Ate haiM, ye saba khaMDita zailI .. ke sUcaka haiN| sthAnAMga ke sUtra 244 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya cAra prakAra ke haiM, sUtra 431 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya pAMca prakAra ke haiM, sUtra 484 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya chaH prakAra ke haiN| yaha aMtima sUtra tRNavanaspatikAya ke bhedoM kA pUrNa nirupaNa karatA hai, jabaki pahale ke donoM sUtra isa viSaya meM apUrNa haiN| aMtima sUtra kI vidyamAnatA meM ye donoM sUtra vyartha haiN| yaha vibhAjana kI asAvadhAnI kA udAharaNa hai| ... viSaya sambaddhatA kA prazna :- saMkhyA ke AdhAra para viSayoM kA saMkalana hone ke kAraNa isa grantha ke abhidheyoM athavA pratipAdya viSayoM meM paraspara sambaddhatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA honA Avazyaka nhiiN| yadyapi vRttikAra ne khIMcatAna kara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki amuka viSaya ke bAda amuka viSaya kA kathana kyoM kiyA gayA hai parantu hamArI dRSTi meM vRttikAra ne jo saba sUtroM ke bIca pArasparika saMbaMdha biThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM lgtaa| vAstava meM zabdakoza ke zabdoM kI bhAMti ina sUtroM meM paraspara koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jo bhI viSaya sAmane Aye usakA usa saMkhyA vAle adhyayana meM samAveza kara diyA gyaa| inameM pArasparika saMbaddhatA kevala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hai viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se nhiiN| '' sthAnAMga aura anya Agama grantha :- sthAnAMga grantha kisI eka nizcita viSaya kA na hokara vividha viSayoM kA eka saMgraha grantha hai| yadyapi ise aMga granthoM meM sthAna dekara yaha mAnA gayA hai ki isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA sAkSAt saMkalana hai kintu isameM bhagavAn ke upadezoM kA kitanA bhAga hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI ke zabdoM meM uparyukta carcA se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki samaya-samaya para hue parivardhanoM se isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAkSAt upadeza ke atirikta adhikAMza bhAga aisA hai, jo saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM upalabdha viSayavastu vividha AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| sthAnAMga ke aneka sUtra samavAyAMga meM yathAvat rupa meM upalabdha haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM baladeva aura vAsudeva ke prakaraNa (adhyayana sUtra 672) meM vistAra ke liye samavAyAMga ko dekha lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vastutaH aneka viSaya aise haiM jo sthAnAMga kI apekSA samavAyAMga meM adhika vistAra se vivecita hue haiN| yadyapi puruSoM ke prakAra saMbaMdhI jo vistRta vivaraNa sthAnAMga meM hai vaha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| yadyapi itanA spaSTa hai ki samavAyAMga kI apekSA sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu adhika prAcIna hai kintu sthAnAMga meM samavAyAMga kA ullekha upalabdha honA isa bAta kA bhI sUcaka hai ki sthAnAMga kI saMkalanA ke samaya hI samavAyAMga kI saMkalanA bhI huI thii| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM yaha viSayasAmya kisa prakAra kA hai, isakI sUcanA sarvaprathama paM dalasukha bhAI ne apane grantha sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga-kI pAdaTippaNiyoM meM dI hai| usake pazcAt donoM kI samAna viSaya vastuoM kA eka tulanAtmaka vivaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 93 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI "kamala" ne apane sthAnAMga sUtra ke pariziSTa meM diyA hai| yuvAcArya madhukara muni jI dvArA saMpAdita 'sthAnAMga' kI bhUmikA meM upAcArya devendra muni jI zAstrI ne inhIM AdhAroM para sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu anya AgamoM meM kahA~ milatI hai usakA ullekha apanI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai : sandarbha :* sthAnAMga (10/2) meM dvitIya sUtra hai "ege aayaa''| yahI sUtra samavAyAMga(10/1) meM bhI zabdazaH milatA hai| bhagavatI (12/10) meM bhI isI kA dravya dRSTi se nirupaNa hai| * sthAnAMga (1/4) kA caturtha sUtra "egA kiriyA' hai| samavAyAMga (1/5) meM bhI isakA zabdazaH ullekha hai| bhagavatI (1/9) aura prajJApanA (pada 16) meM bhI kriyA ke saMbaMdha meM varNana hai| sthAnAMga (1/5) meM pAMcavAM sUtra hai- "egeloe"| samavAyAMga (1/7) meM bhI isI taraha kA pATha hai| bhagavatI (12/7/7) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 56) meM bhI yahI svara mukharita huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/6) meM sAtavAM sUtra hai- "ege dhmme"| samavAyAMga (1/9) meM bhI yaha pATha isI rupa meM milatA hai| sUtra kRtAMga (2/5) aura bhagavatI (20/2) meM bhI isakA varNana hai| sthAnAMga (1/8) kA AThavAM sUtra hai "ege adhmme'| samavAyAMga (1/10) meM bhI yaha pATha isI rupa meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura bhagavatI (20/2) meM bhI isa viSaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMga (1/11) kA gyArahavAM sUtra hai "ege punnnne"| samavAyAMga (1/11) meM bhI isI taraha kA pATha hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 34) meM bhI yaha viSaya isI rupa meM milatA hai| sthAnAMga (1/12) kA bArahavAM sUtra hai "ege paave"| samavAyAMga (1/12) meM yaha sUtra isI rupa meM AyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika For Personal & Private Use Only

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94. : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (sUtra 34) meM bhI isakA nirupaNa huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/9-10) kA navama sUtra "ege bandhe' hai aura dazavAM sUtra "ege mokkhe'' hai| samavAyAMga (1/1/13-14) meM ye donoM sUtra isI rupa meM milate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra-34) meM bhI isakA varNana huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/13-14-15-16) kA terahavAM sUtra "ege Asave" caudahavAM sUtra "ege saMvare", paMdrahavAM sUtraH "egA veyaNA' aura solahavAM sUtra "egA nirjarA' hai| yahI pATha samavAyAMga (1/15-1617-18) meM milatA hai tathA sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 34) meM bhI ina viSayoM kA isI rupa meM nirupaNa huA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke 55 veM sUtra meM ArdrA nakSatra, citrA nakSatra, svAti nakSatra kA varNana hai| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (sUtra-23,24,25) aura sUryaprajJapti (pR.10, pR.9) meM bhI milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke 328 veM sUtra meM apratiSThAna naraka, jambUdvIpa pAlakayAna vimAna Adi kA varNana hai| usakI tulanA samavAyAMga (sama 1, sUtra 19,20,21,22) se kI jA sakatI hai aura sAtha hI prajJApanA (pada 2) aura jambUdvIpa prajJapti (vakSA sUtra 3) se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| sthAnAMga ke 95 veM sUtra meM jIva-ajIva AvalikA kA varNana hai| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (4/4/95), prajJApanA (pada1, sUtra1), jIvAbhigama (prati1 sUtra1) aura uttarAdhyayana (36) meM bhI hai| sthAnAMga (2/4/110) meM pUrva bhAdrapada Adi ke tAroM kA varNana hai to sUrya prajJapti (prA.10, prA.9, sUtra 42) aura samavAyAMga (2/5) meM bhI yahI varNana milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/1/126) meM tIna guptiyoM evaM tIna daNDako kA varNana milatA hai| samavAyAMga (3/1) praznavyAkaraNa (5vA~ saMvara dvAra), uttarAdhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 95 (31) aura Avazyaka (a.4) meM bhI yahI varNana hai| sthAnAMga (3/3/182) meM upavAsa karane vAle zramaNa ko kitane prakAra ke dhovana pAnI lenA kalpatA hai, yaha varNana milatA hai| yaha varNana samavAyAMga (3/3) prazna vyAkaraNa (5vAM saMvara dvAra), uttarAdhyayana ( 31 ), aura Avazyaka sUtra (a. 4) meM prakArAntara se milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/4/214) meM vividha dRSTiyoM se Rddhi ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiN| isI prakAra kA varNana samavAyAMga (3/4), prazna vyAkaraNa (5vA~ saMvara dvAra) meM bhI milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/3/226) meM abhijita, zravaNa, azvinI, bharaNI, mRgazira, puSpa, jyeSThA ke tIna-tIna tAre kahe gaye haiN| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (3/6), aura sUrya prajJapti (10/9/42) meM bhI prApta hai| sthAnAMga (4/1/247) meM cAra dhyAna kA svarUpa aura pratyeka dhyAna . ke lakSaNa tathA Alambana batAye gaye haiM, vaisA hI varNana samavAyAMga (4/2), bhagavatI (25/7/282) aura aupapAtika (sUtra30) meM bhI milatA hai| nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI.TI.AI. ror3a, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra : eka dArzanika adhyayana - DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya samagra bhAratIya saMskRti evaM vicAradhArA kA mukhya lakSya AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM loka kalyANa rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana jisakA mUla svara adhyAtmavAda hai, kI ruci kisI kAlpanika ekAMta meM na hokara mAnava samudAya ke kalyANa meM rahI hai| bhAratIya darzana kI do pramukha dhArAoM-vaidika evaM avaidika meM se avaidika dhArA ke pratinidhi jaina darzana meM AtmavAda, karmavAda, paralokavAda evaM mokSavAda kA vizada vivecana milatA hai| ina cAroM siddhAntoM meM bhAratIya darzanoM kI mUla pravRttiyA~ samaviSTa haiN| jaina darzana ke ye siddhAnta unake AgamoM meM surakSita haiN| Agama hI jaina paramparA ke veda evaM piTaka haiN| jaina paramparA, itihAsa aura saMskRti ke vizeSa nidhi rupa se Agama-aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra,chedasUtra, cUlikA evaM prakIrNakoM meM vargIkRta haiN| samasta jaina siddhAnta bIjarupa meM inameM surakSita haiN| kAla kI dRSTi se aMga prAcInatama haiN| vartamAna meM upalabdha 11 aMgoM meM sUtrakRtAMga jisake ekArthaka nAma sUtakRta, sUlakRta, sUcAkRta, bhI haiM, kA dvitIya evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kintu dArzanika sAhitya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se isakA mahattva AcArAMga se bhI adhika hai| yaha svasamaya (sva-siddhAnta) aura para samaya (para-siddhAnta) kA jJAna (satyAsatya darzana) karAne vAlA zAstra hai| do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhakta sUtrakRtAMga meM kula 23 adhyayana evaM taiMtIsa uddezana kAla tathA 36,000 pada haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke 23 adhyayana isa prakAra haiM- samaya, vaitAlIya, upasargaparijJA, strI parijJA, narakavibhakti, mahAvIrastuti, kuzIla paribhASaka, vIrya, dharma, samAdhi mArga, samavasaraNa, yathAtathya, grantha, yamAtIta, gAthA, puNDarIka kriyA sthAna,AhAraparijJA, pratyAkhyAna kriyA, anagAra sUtra,ArdrakIya evaM nAlaMdIpA "samaya" nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM svasamaya, parasamaya kA nirupaNa karate hue paMcabhUtavAdI, advaitavAdI, tajjIvataccharIravAdI, akartAvAdI,paMca bhUtAtmaSaSThavAdI, akriyAvAdI siddhAntoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda evaM lokavAda kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| "vaitAlIya" adhyayana meM zarIra kI anityatA, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 97 upasargasahana, kAmaparityAga, aura azaraNatva Adi kA prarupaNa hai| "upasargaparijJA" meM zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karate samaya upasthita hone vAle vibhinna upasargoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana hai| "strIparijJA" adhyayana meM strIjanma upasarga tathA sAdhu ko usase bacane tathA brahmacarya meM sthira rahane kI AvazyakatA ko batalAyA gayA hai| "narakavibhakti" meM naraka ke ghora duHkhoM kA varNana hai| vIrastuti' meM aneka guNoM se vibhUSita bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahimA kA varNana vividha upamAoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| "kuzIla" paribhASita nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana meM kuzIlakRta jIva hiMsA evaM usake duSpariNAma tathA suzIla sAdhaka ke AcAra vicAra ke viveka sUtra, "vIrya' adhyayana meM vIrya saMbaMdhI vivecana, "dharma'' meM jinokta zramaNa dharma kA nirupaNa, "samAdhi' adhyayana meM samAdhi prApti ke preraNA sUtra vivecita haiM, "mArga'' meM mahAvIrokta mArga ko sarvazreSTha pratipAdita karate hue ahiMsAdi dhamoM kA nirupaNa, "samavasaraNa'' nAmaka adhyayana meM ekAnta ajJAnavAda, kriyAvAda, vinayavAda kA khaNDana, "yAthAtathya" meM uttama sAdhuAdi ke lakSaNa, "AdAnIya'' meM strI sevana Adi ke tyAga kA vidhAna, "grantha" meM gurukulavAsI sAdhu dvArA zikSA grahaNa vidhi tathA gurukulavAsa ke mahattva aura lAbha, tathA "gAthA" adhyayana meM mAhaNa, zramaNa, mikSu aura nirgrantha kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke "puNDarIka adhyayana meM loka ko puSkariNI kI saMjJA dete hue tajjIvataccharIravAda Adi matoM kA khaNDana, tathA azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima rupa AhAragrahaNa vidhi, "kriyAsthAna" adhyayana meM 13 kriyAsthAnoM kA varNana, "AhAraparijJA" adhyayana meM anekavidha vanaspati kAyika jIvoM kI utpatti, manuSya tathA trasa prANiyoM kI utpatti evaM samuccaya rupa se samasta jIvoM kI AhArAdi prakriyA kA nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai| "pratyAkhyAna" adhyayana meM apratyAkhyAnI AtmA kA svarupa tathA jIvahiMsA ho jAne para pratyAkhyAna kI AvazyakatA, anAcAra zruta' adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke anAcAra ke niSedha sUtra, ArdrakIya' meM gozAlaka,zAkyamikSu, brAhmaNa, ekadaNDI tApase ke sAtha Ardraka muni saMvAda evaM"nAlandIpa' nAmaka aMtima adhyayana meM gautama gaNadhara kA nAlandA meM pArzvanAtha ziSya udaka-pedAla putra ke sAtha vAda-vivAda kA varNana hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ___ sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM mukhyataH anya matavAdoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai jo dUsare zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana meM bhI varNita hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha jo adhikAMzataH gadya meM hai lagabhaga unhIM viSayoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai jo prathama zrutaskaMdha meM haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ise prathama zrutaskaMdha kA pUraka kahA jA sakatA hai| jo nizcita rupa se bAda meM sUtrakRtAMga meM jor3A gayA hai| dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM mukhyataH navadIkSita zramaNoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| kyoMki prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra zramaNa jIvana ke cauthe varSa ke bAda hI unheM sUtrakRtAMga par3hane kI anumati thii| isakA mukhya kAraNa sambhavataH yaha thA ki sUtrakRtAMga meM pAye jAne vAle vibhinna dArzanika matoM se kahIM vaha prabhAvita na ho jAya yA unheM aMgIkAra na kara le| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA samaya prathama zatAbdI se pahale kA hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha nizcita rupa se bAda kA yAni prathama zatAbdI kA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM jina matoM kA ullekha hai unameM se kucha kA saMbaMdha tattvavAda yA darzana zAstra se hai evaM kucha kA AcAra se hai| ina matoM kA varNana karate samaya usa paddhati ko apanAyA gayA hai jisameM pUrvapakSa kA paricaya dekara bAda meM usakA khaNDana kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha paramparA ke abhidhamma piTaka kI racanA bhI isI zailI meM kI gayI hai| sampUrNa sUtrakRtAMga ko adhyayana evaM samIkSA kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA haiN| prathama usakA dArzanika pakSa evaM dUsarA-AcAra pakSA prastuta patra meM hamArA abhISTa dArzanika pakSa hI hai| dArzanika pakSa :- samasta bhAratIya darzanoM kA eka hI lakSya rahA hai| baMdhana se mukti yA AtyaMtika duHkhoM se nivRtti| anya darzanoM kI bhAMti jaina darzana kI caritArthatA karma se baMdhana meM par3I AtmA kI mukti hai| baMdhana jaina darzana kA eka paribhASika zabda hai jisake anusAra Atma pradezoM ke sAtha karma pudgaloM kA baMdha jAnA yA nIra kSIravat eka rupa ho jAnA hI baMdhana hai evaM isa baMdhana se mukti hI mokSa hai| sUtrakRtAMga kA prArambha hI isa baMdhana se mukti ke udghoSa ke sAtha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga(2 ke Adi ke prathama cAra padoM meM sampUrNa jaina tattva ciMtana kA sAra samAviSTa hai| ye pada haiM : For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 99 bujjhijja viuddejjA : samajho aura tor3o baMdhaNaM parijANiyA : baMdhana ko jAnakara kimAha baMdhaNaM vIre : bhagavAna ne baMdhana kise kahA hai kiM vA jANa tiuTTaI : aura use kaise tor3A jA sakatA hai| sUtrakAra ne Adi pada meM bodha prApti jisakA tAtparya Atmabodha se hai, kA upadeza diyA hai| bodha prApti atyanta durlabha hai| yaha tathya sUtrakRtAMga, AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana' Adi granthoM meM parilakSita hotA hai| Atmabodha kA artha hai "maiM kauna hU~"AtmA tattvataH baMdhana rahita hote hue bhI isa prakAra ke baMdhana meM kyoM pdd'ii| baMdhanoM ko kauna aura kaise tor3a sakatA hai| - baMdhana kA svarupa :- "badhyate paratansIkriyate AtmA'neneti baMdhanam" (karma grantha TIkA) arthAta jisake dvArA AtmA bAMdhA jAtA hai yA paratantra kara diyA jAtA he vaha baMdhana hai| sUtrakRtIMga kI zIlAMka TIkA) meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmapradezoM ke sAtha jo karma pudgala eka hokara sthita ho jAte haiM ve baMdhana yA baMdha kahalAte haiN| vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM kaSAya yukta jIva dvArA karmayogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA baMdha hai, aisA kahA hai| akalaMka deva ne baMdhana kI paribhASA karate hue vizeSa kI apekSA se baMdha ke do prakAra batAye haiM :_I. dravya baMdha evaM II. bhAva baMdha? III. dravyabaMdha :- jJAnAvaraNAdi karma pudgala pradezoM kA jIva ke sAtha saMyoga . dravyabaMdha hai| ... I. bhAvabaMdha :- AtmA ke azuddha cetana pariNAma (bhAva) moha, rAga, dveSa aura krodhAdi jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ke yogya pudgala paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM, bhAvabaMdha kahalAtA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne dravya saMgrahA meM karmabaMdha ke kAraNabhUta cetana pariNAma ko bhAvabaMdha kahA hai| "kimAha baMdhaNaM vIra'' evaM 'baMdhaNaM parijANiyA' meM baMdhaNaM zabda baMdhana For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke kAraNoM ko bhI jAnane kA nirdeza karatA hai| sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, evaM tattvArthasUtra meM mithyAdarzana (mithyAtva), avirati kaSAya aura yoga ko hI baMdhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga inameM se avirati ke pAMca bhedoM :- hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha meM se parigraha ko karmabaMdha kA sabase prabala kAraNa mAnatA hai kyoMki hiMsAye parigraha ko lekara hotI haiM, saMsAra ke sabhI samArambha rupa kArya maiM aura merA isa prakAra kI svArtha, moha, Asakti, mamatva aura tRSNA kI vRddhi se hote haiM aura yaha parigraha hai|" ataH vahI baMdhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai| baMdhana tor3ane ke upAya ke antargata sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki __ 1. samasta sajIva nirjIva padArtha prANI kI rakSA karane meM asamartha tathA . jIvana ko kSaNabhaMgura mAnakara karmoM ke baMdhana ko tor3a sakatA hai athavA karmoM se chUTa sakatA hai| "savvameva na tANai jIviya ceva saMkhAe, kammuNA va tiuTTai121 isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga svasiddhAnta (svasamaya) kI dRSTi se baMdhana aura unake kAraNoM kA svarupa batalAkara parasamaya (parasiddhAnta) ke sandarbha meM do mukhya bAteM sUcita karatA hai| eka to dUsare matavAdiyoM yA dArzanikoM kI baMdhana viSayaka mAnyatA tathA AtmA ke svarupa-bodha ke saMbaMdha meM unake mntvy| yahA~ sUtrakAra kA Azaya una siddhAnta vAdiyoM se hai jinameM se kucha AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa hI nahIM karate yA kucha mAnate bhI haiM to unake siddhAntakAra ke mata se bhinna hai| isa sandarbha meM sUtrakRtAMga meM 180 kriyAvAdiyoM, 84 akriyAvAdiyoM, 67 ajJAnavAdiyoM evaM 32 vinayavAdiyoM, isa prakAra 363 pAkhaMDiyoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kara svasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kI gayI hai, yahA~ unameM se kucha pramukha matavAdoM kI samIkSA kareMge___paMca mahAbhUtavAda yA bhUta caitanyavAda :- sUtrakRtAMga kI gAthA saMkhyA sAta aura ATha meM varNita isa mata kA nAmmollekha nahIM hai, niyuktikAra ise cArvAka mata kahate haiN| avadheya hai ki arvAcIna cArvAka matAnuyAyI pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 101 AkAza ina pA~ca tattvoM yA pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ko mAnate haiN| prAcIna lokAyatoM ke mata meM pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye cAra tattva hI haiN| parantu arvAcIna cArvAka matAvalambI ina pAMca mahAbhUtoM se hI samasta sRSTi kI utpatti mAnate haiN| pRthvI Adi jo pA~ca mahAbhUta haiM, inake zarIra rupa meM pariNita hone para ina bhUtoM se abhinna caitanya guNa utpanna hotA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaise- gur3a, mahuA, Adi ke saMyoga se mazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai usI prakAra ina bhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanya utpanna ho jAtA hai " / cUMki ye bhautikavAdI pratyakSa ke atirikta anya koI pramANa nahIM mAnate, isalie dUsare matavAdiyoM dvArA mAnya ina paMcamahAbhUtoM se bhinna paralokagAmI aura sukha-duHkha bhoktA kisI AtmA saMjJaka padArtha ko nahIM maante| isa anAtmavAda se hI zarIrAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, manasAtmavAda, prANAtmavAda evaM viSaya caitanyavAda phalita haiM jise katipaya cArvAka dArzanika mAnate haiN| niyuktikAra ' ne isa vAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| apane mata ke samarthana meM niyuktikAra kA tarka hai ki pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanyAdi utpanna nahIM * ho sakate kyoMki zarIra ke ghaTaka ina paMcamahAbhUtoM meM se kisI meM bhI caitanya nahIM hai| anya guNa vAle padArthoM ke saMyoga se anya guNa vAle padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI usI prakAra jaise bAlU meM snigdhatA na hone se usameM se tela nahIM nikala sktaa| sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrota rupa pAMca indriyoM ke jo upAdAnakAraNa haiM, unakA guNa bhI caitanya na hone se bhUtasamudAya kA guNa caitanya nahIM ho sktaa| isake atirikta eka indriya ke dvArA jAnI huI bAta dUsarI indriya nahIM jAna pAtI to phira maineM sunA, dekhA, cakhA, sUMghA isa prakAra kA saMkalana rupa jJAna kisako hogA? paraMtu yaha saMkalana jJAna anubhava siddha hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki bhautika indriyoM ke atirikta anya . koI jJAtA hai jo pAMco indriyoM dvArA jAnatA hai aura vahI tattva AtmA hai| yaha AtmA dravya dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dUsare zrutaskaMdha ke prathama " puNDarIka" nAyaka adhyayana ke dasaveM sUtra meM bhI zAstrakAra ne dvitIya puruSa ke rupa meM paMcamahAbhUtikoM kI carcA kI hai evaM sAMkhya darzana ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai| yadyapi sAMkhyavAdI pUrvokta pAMcamahAbhUta For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA tathA chaThe AtmA ko bhI mAnate haiM tathApi ve paMcamahAbhUtikoM se bhinna nahIM haiM, kyoMki sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko niSkriya mAnakara paMcamahAbhUtoM ko utpanna karane vAlI prakRti ko hI samasta kAryoM kA kartA mAnatA hai| AtmA ko sAMkhya akartA mAnatA hai| sAMkhya puruSa yA AtmA ko prakRti dvArA kiye hue karmoM kA phala bhoktA aura vRddhi dvArA grahaNa kiye hue padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| isalie "se kiNavimANe, haNaM ghAyamANe ..........Natthittha doso'"16 arthAta sAMkhya ke AtmA ko bhArI se bhArI pApa karane para bhI usakA doSa nahIM lagatA kyoMki vaha nikriya hai| zAstrakAra kahatA hai ki yaha mata niHsAra evaM yukti rahita hai kyoMki acetana prakRti vizva ko kaise utpanna kara sakatI hai jo svayaM jJAna rahita evaM jar3a hai| tathA sAMkhya kI dRSTi meM jo vastu hai hI nahIM vaha kabhI nahIM hotI aura jo hai usakA abhAva nahIM hotA to jisa samaya prakRti aura purUSa do hI the usa samaya yaha sRSTi to thI hI nahIM phira yaha kaise utpanna ho gyii| . isakA koI uttara sAMkhya ke pAsa nahIM hai| isa prakAra lokAyatoM kA paMcamahAbhUtavAda evaM sAMkhyoM kA AMzika paMcamahAbhUtavAda donoM hI mithyA haiN| ekAtmavAda :- ekAtmavAda ko mAnane vAle vedAntI haiM kyoMki ve brahma ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko asatya mAnate haiM evaM cetana-acetana sabako AtmA yA brahma rupa hI manate haiN|" zAstrakAra ke anusAra nAnA rupa meM bhAsita padArthoM ko bhI ekAtmavAdI dRSTAnta dvArA Atmarupa hI siddha karate haiM, jaise pRthvI samudAya rupa piNDa eka hote huye bhI nadI, samudra, parvata, nagara, ghara Adi rupoM meM nAnA prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai|| AtmA yA brahma eka hI hai, vaha advitIya hai| sUtrakRtAMga ekAtmavAda ko yuktihIna batAte hue usakA khaNDana karatA hai| (i) usake anusAra ekAtmavAda meM eka ke dvArA kiye gaye zubha yA azubha karma kA phala dUsare sabhI ko bhoganA par3egA jo ki anucita evaM ayukti yukta hai| ekAtmavAda meM eka ke karmabandhana hone para sabhI karma baMdhana se baddha aura eka ke mukta hone para sabhI mukta ho jAyeMge aura isa prakAra baMdhana evaM mokSa kI avyavasthA ho jaayegii| (ii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 103 (iii) ekAtmavAda meM devadatta ko prApta jJAna yajJadatta ko honA cAhie evaM usI prakAra eka ke janma lene yA marane para sabhI kA janma lenA yA maranA siddha hogA jo kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| (iv) isake atirikta jar3a aura cetana sabhI meM eka hI AtmA mAnane para jar3a evaM caitanya meM bheda hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| tathA jise zAstra kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai evaM jo zAstra kA upadeSTA hai donoM meM bheda na ho sakane ke kAraNa zAstra kI racanA kaise hogii| ataH ekAtmavAda ayukti yukta hai kyoMki "ege kiccA sayaM pAvaM tivvaM dukkhaM niyacchai'' arthAta jo pApa karma karatA hai use akele hI usake phala tIvra duHkha ko bhoganA par3atA hai, dUsare ko nhiiN| ___tajjIvataccharIravAda :- tajjIvataccharIravAda lokAyatoM ke anAtmavAda kA phalita rupa hai| tajjIvataccharIravAdI mAnate haiM ki "vahI jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai| zarIra se AtmA abhinna hai| vaise to jaina darzana, nyAya darzana Adi bhI kahate haiM ki "pratyagAtmAbhidyate'' pratyeka prANI kI AtmA bhinna hai, vaha apane Apa meM sampUrNa hai, pUrNazaktimAna hai kintu tajjIvataccharIravAdI kahatA hai ki jaba taka zarIra rahatA hai taba taka hI usakI AtmA rahatI hai, zarIra ke naSTa hote hI AtmA naSTa ho jAtI hai kyoMki zarIra rupa meM pariNita paMcamahAbhUtoM se jo caitanya zakti utpanna hotI hai, vaha unake bikharate hI yA alaga hote hI naSTa ho jAtI hai tathA caitanya anyatra jAtA huA pratyakSataH dikhAI bhI nahIM detA isIlie kahA gayA ki "peccA Na te saMti" arthAta marane ke bAda paraloka meM ve AtmAeM nahIM jaatii| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki prajJAna (vijJAna) kA piNDa yaha AtmA, ina bhUtoM se uThakara (utpanna hokara) inake nAza ke pazcAta hI naSTa ho jAtA hai ataH marane ke pazcAt isakI cetanA (saMjJA) nahIM rhtii| bauddhagrantha "suttapiTaka' ke udAna tathA "dIghanikAya ke sAmanyaphalasutta" meM bhI isI se milate-julate mantavyoM kA ullekha hai| tajjIvataccharIravAdiyoM para AkSepa karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki yadi zarIra hI AtmA hai evaM loka-paraloka Adi nahIM haiM to dhanI-nirdhana, rogI-nirogI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sukhI - duHkhI rupa vicitratAeM kyoM haiN| 24 punaH yadi zarIra hI AtmA hai to zarIra se AtmA ko varNa, gandha, rasa, AkAra-prakAra Adi ke rupa meM pRthaka karake spaSTatayA dikhalAyA jAnA caahiye| tajjIvahaccharIravAdI jIva aura zarIra ko talavAra aura mayAna kI taraha, mAMsa aura haDDI kI taraha, hathelI aura AMvale kI taraha, dahI aura makkhana kI taraha tila aura tela Adi kI taraha pRthaka-pRthaka upalabdha nahIM karA skte|235 isaliye unakA mata svataH khaMDita ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta tajjIvataccharIravAda meM pUrvagRhIta mahAvratoM, tyAga, niyamAdi kI pratijJA kA bhI koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| ataH unakA mata samIcIna nahIM hai| akAravAda yA akartRtvavAda :- sAMkhya- yoga matavAdI AtmA ko akartA mAnate haiN| unake mata meM AtmA yA puruSa apariNAmI evaM nitya hone se karttA nahIM ho sktaa| zubha-azubha karma prakRti kRta hone se vahI karttA hai| sAMkhya-yoga ke mata meM AtmA amUrta, kUTastha, nitya evaM svayaMkriyA zUnya hone se karttA nahIM ho sakatA / zAstrakAra kI akartRtvAdiyoM ke virUddha Apatti isa prakAra hai : (i) AtmA ko ekAnta, kUTastha, nitya, amUrta, sarvavyApI evaM niSkriya mAnane para pratyakSa dRzyamAna janmamaraNa rupa yA narakAdi gamana rupa yaha loka siddha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kuTastha, nitya AtmA eka zarIra va yoni ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra va yoni meM saMkramaNa nahIM kara sktaa| (ii) sAmAnyatayA jo kartA hotA hai vahI bhoktA hotA hai / parantu una kartRtvavAdiyoM ke mata meM kartA prakRti hai, bhoktA puruSa hai| dAnAdi kArya acetana prakRti karatI hai aura phala bhogatA hai cetana purUSa, , jo sarvathA siddhAnta virUddha hai| (iii) niyuktikAra kA mata hai ki jaba AtmA karttA nahI hai to binA karma kiye suHkha-duHkhAdi phalabhoktA kaise ho sakatA hai| isameM to kRtanAza evaM akRtAgama doSa prasakta hoNge| (iv) sAMkhya ke matAnusAra yadi mithyAgrahavaza AtmA ko ekAnta niSkriya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 105 kUTastha mAna liyA jAyegA to na to vividha duHkhoM kA nAza hogA, aura na hI mokSAdi kI prApti hogI aura usa sthiti meM kUTastha, nitya niSkriya, jar3AtmA 25 tatvoM kA jJAna bhI kaise ho skegaa| ataH akAravAda yukti, pramANa evaM anubhava virUddha hai| AtmaSaSThavAda :- AtmaSaSThavAda vedavAdI sAMkhya evaM vaizeSikoM kA mata hai| pro harmana jaikobI ise caraka kA mata mAnate haiN| inake anusAra acetana paMcamahAbhUta evaM sacetana AtmA ye cha: padArtha haiN| AtmA aura loka donoM nitya haiN| ina cha: padArthoM kA sahetuka yA ahetuka kisI prakAra se vinAza nahIM hotaa| ye cetanAcetanAtmaka padArtha apane-apane svabhAva se acyuta rahakara sadA nitya rahate haiN| bhagavadgItA meM AtmA kI trikAlAbAdhita nityatA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo asat hai vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA aura jo sat hai usakA abhAva nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra sAMkhya satkAryavAda ke AdhAra para AtmA aura loka kI nityatA siddha karatA hai| AtmA evaM loka ko nitya mAnane meM virodha jaina darzana meM bhI nahIM hai kintu jaina darzana ekAnta nityatA kA virodhI hai| yadi AtmA ko ekAnta nitya mAnA jAyegA to AtmA meM kartRtva pariNAma utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| kartRtva ke abhAva meM karmabandhana na hone se sukha-duHkha rupa karmaphala bhoga bhI nahIM ho sktaa| ataH AtmA, paMcabhUta Adi sabhI padArthoM ko kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcita anitya tathA kisI apekSA se sat evaM kisI apekSA se asat arthAt sadasatkArya rupa na mAnakara, ekAnta mithyA grahaNa karanA hI AtmaSaSThavAdiyoM kA mithyAtva hai| pratyeka padArtha dravya rupa se sat aura paryAya rupa se asat yA anitya hai| yahA~ zAstrakAra ne AtmaSaSThavAdI ke mata ko anekAMta kI kasauTI para kasane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| __kSaNikavAda :- bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda, kSaNikavAda evaM pratItyasamutpAda para nirbhara hai| yaha anAtmavAda sarvathA tucchAbhAva rupa nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha puNya-pApa, karmaphala, loka-paraloka Adi kI isameM mAnyatA hai| dIdhanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta" aura majjhimanikAya ke savvAsavva sutta ke anusAra mahAtmA buddha ke samaya meM AtmavAda kI do vicAradhArAe~ pracalita thI-prathama zAzvata AtmavAdI For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vicAradhArA jo AtmA ko nitya evaM dUsarI ucchedavAdI vicAradhArA jo AtmA kA uccheda arthAt use anitya mAnatI thii| buddha ne ina donoM kA khaNDana kara anAtmavAda kA upadeza diyA parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki unheM AtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM thaa| ve AtmA ko nitya aura vyApaka na mAnakara kSaNika cita saMtati ke rupa meM svIkAra karate the| vahI mata kSaNikavAda hai jisake anusAra AtmA aura sabhI vastue~ kSaNika haiN| vizuddhimagga, suttapiTakagata aMguttara nikAya Adi bauddha granthoM ke anusAra kSaNikavAda ke do rupa haiM- eka mata rupa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina paMcaskaMdhoM) se bhinna yA abhinna sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa va jJAnAdi ke AdhAra bhUta AtmA nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM maantaa| dUsarA rupa cAra dhAtuoM-pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko svIkAra karatA hai| ye cAroM jagaha kA dhAraNa, poSaNa karate haiM isalie dhAtu kahalAte haiN| ve cAroM ekAkAra hokara bhUtasaMjJaka rupa skaMdha bana jAte haiM evaM jaba zarIra rupa meM pariNita ho jAte . haiM to unhIM kI jIva saMjJA hotI hai| vRttikAra zIlAMka ke anusAra ye sabhI bauddhamatavAdI aphalavAdI haiN| jaba AtmA aura sabhI kriyAeM kSaNika haiM to kriyA-kSaNa meM hI kartA AtmA kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai, phira kriyAphala ke sAtha AtmA saMbaMdha hI kahA~ rahatA hai| jaba phala ke samaya taka AtmA bhI nahIM rahatI aura kriyA bhI usI kSaNa naSTa ho gayI to aihika-pAralaukika kriyA-phala kA bhoktA kauna hogaa| paMcaskaMdhoM se bhinna yadi AtmA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to sukha, duHkhaMdi phaloM kA upabhoga kauna karegA? sAtha hI AtmA ke abhAva meM baMdha-mokSa, janma-maraNa kI vyavasthA gar3abar3a ho jAyegI aura zAstravihita pravRttiyAM nirarthaka ho jaayegii| ataH kSaNikavAdiyoM kA mata asaMgata hai| niyativAda :- niyativAda AjIvakoM kA siddhAnta hai| maravaliputra gozAlaka niyativAda kA pravartaka thaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM gozAlaka yA AjIvaka kA nAmollekha nahIM hai paraMtu upasaka dazAMga ke sAtaveM adhyayana ke saddAlaputra evaM kuNDakoliya prakaraNa meMgozAlaka aura usake mata kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa matAnusAra utthAna, karmabala, vIrya, purUSArtha Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai| saba bhAva sadA se niyata hai| bauddha grantha dIghanikAya, saMyuktanikAya tathA jainAgama sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga,vyAkhyAprajJapti, upAsakadazAMga Adi meM AjIvaka mata pravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka kA varNana upalabdha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 107 niyativAdI jagata meM sabhI jIvoM kA pRthaka va svataMtra astitva mAnate haiN| paraMtu AtmA ko pRthaka-pRthaka mAnane para jIva svakRta karma baMdha se prApta sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoga nahIM kara sakegA aura na hI sukha-duHkha bhogane ke liye anya zarIra, gati tathA yoni meM saMkramaNa kara skegaa| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM niyativAdiyoM ke mata ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki cUMki saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sva-sva niyata svarupa se utpanna hote haiM ataH ye sabhI padArtha niyati se niyamita hote haiM jise jaba-jaba jisa rupa meM honA hotA hai vaha taba-taba usa rupa meM utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra pramANa se siddha isa niyati kI gati ko kauna roka sakatA hai| niyativAdI kAla, svabhAva, karma aura purUSArtha Adi ke virodha kA bhI yuktipUrvaka nirAkaraNa karatA hai| niyativAdI eka hI kAla meM do purUSoM dvArA sampanna eka hI kArya meM saphalatA-asaphalatA, sukha-duHkha kA mUla niyati ko hI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra niyati hI samasta jAgatika padArthoM kA kAraNa hai| sUtrakAra ukta mata kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki "NiyA'NiyayaM saMtaM ajANatA abuddhiyA"37 arthAt ve ajJa niyativAdI ekAnta niyativAda ko pakar3e hue haiM ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki sukhadukhAdi sabhI niyatakRta nahIM hote| kucha sukha-duHkha niyatikRta hote haiM kyoMki una sukha-duHkha rupa karma kA abAdhAkAla samApta hone para avazya udaya hotA hI hai jaise nikAcita krmkaa| paraMtu kaIsukha-duHkha aniyata hote haiN| aneka sukha-duHkha purUSa ke udyoga, kAla, svabhAva aura karma dvArA kiye huye hote haiN| ataH kevala niyati hI samasta vastuoM kA kAraNa hai aisA mAnanA kathamapi ucita nahIM hai| kAla, svabhAva, adRSTa, niyati aura purUSArtha ye pAMcoM kAraNa pratyeka kArya yA sukhAdi meM paraspara sApekSa siddha hote haiM ataH ekAMta rupa se kevala niyati ko mAnanA sarvathA doSa yukta hai| jaina dArzanika cAra pramukha matavAdoM :. 1 kriyAvAda 2. akriyAvAda 3. ajJeyavAda aura 4. vainayikavAda kA ullekha karate haiN| 1. kriyAvAdI :- jo AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa karate haiM, 2. akriyAvAdI :- jo isase viparIta mata rakhate hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 3. ajJAnavAdI:- jo yaha mAnate haiM ki mokSa ke lie jJAna nahIM balki tapa Avazyaka hai| 4. vinayavAdI :- jo vinaya ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana mAnate haiN| ajJAnavAda svarupa :- ajJAnavAdiyoM ke sandarbha meM do prakAra ke mata milate haiM- eka to ve ajJAnavAdI haiM jo svayaM ke alpa mithyAjJAna se garvonmatta samasta jJAna ko apanI virAsata mAnate haiM, jabaki yathArthataH unakA jJAna pallavagrAhI hotA hai| ye tathAkathita zAstrajJAnI vItarAga sarvajJa kI anekAntavAda tattvajJAna se yukta vANI ko asatya samajhakara use saMzayavAda kI saMjJA dekara ThukarA dete haiN| dUsare ajJAnavAdI ajJAna ko hI zreyaskara mAnate haiN| unake mata meM jJAnAbhAva meM ve vAda-vivAda, vitaNDA, saMgharSa, ahaMkAra Adi ke prapaMca se bace rheNge| isalie mumukSu ko ajJAna hI zreyaskara hai| ina donoM meM se dUsare prakAra kI bhUmikA vAle ajJAnavAdI kI tulanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna mata pravartaka saMjayavelaTThiputra nAmaka ajJAnavAdI se kI jA sakatI hai jisake anusAra yadi Apa pUche ki kyA paraloka hai? aura yadi mai samayU~ ki paraloka hai to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, mai dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM khtaa| paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki tatvaviSayaka ajJeyatA athavA anizcitatA hI ajJAnavAda kI AdhAra zilA hai| spaSTa hai ki ajJAnavAdI astitva aura anastitva ke sabhI saMbhAvita pahaluoM para vicAra karate the evaM Ati bhautika yA atyAnubhavika kisI bhI kathana ke prakAroM kA unhoMne khaNDana kiyaa| ajJAnavAda ke isa khaNDana meM syAdvAda ke bIjoM ko khojA jA sakatA hai (SECRED BOOK OF THE EAST-VOL.XLV. H.JACOBI PAGE XXVII) ajJeyavAdiyoM kA prabhAva bauddhoM ke nirvANa siddhAnta para bhI parilakSita hotA hai jaisA ki pAli granthoM se spaSTa hai| prophesara olDenavarga ne saMyukta nikAya ke rAjA paseNadi evaM khemA ke eka saMvAda ko AdhAra banAte hue isakI vyAkhyA kI hai jisameM rAjA mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata (AtmA) ke astitva anAstitva ke sadaMrbha meM lagabhaga usI prakAra kA prazna pUchatA hai jaisA ki sAmajaphalasUtta meM saMjayavelATiputra For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 109 pUchatA hai| SECRED BOOR OF THE EAST VOL1PAGE-XXIX) harmana jaikobI kA mata hai ki bauddha saMjaya ke samakAlIna ajJeyavAda se bahuta prabhAvita the isakA spaSTa pramANa mahAvagga meM milatA hai| (1/23-24) jisameM sAriputta evaM moggalAna ko buddha kI dIkSA ke pahale saMjaya kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai evaM jo lagabhaga 250 ziSyoM ke sAtha bauddha saMgha meM Aye the| ___ ajJAnavAdI asurakSita hote hue bhI surakSita evaM azaMkanIya sthAnoM ko asurakSita aura zaMkAspada mAna lete haiM aura asurakSita evaM zaMkanIya sthAnoM ko surkssit| ve pairoM par3e usa pAzabandhana se chUTa sakate haiM para ve usa baMdhana ko baMdhana hI nahIM smjhte|" sUtrakAra ke anusAra ajJAnavAdI kA kathana vadahovyAghAta sahArA lete hai| ajJAnavAda grasta jaba svayaM sanmArga se anabhijJa hai to unake netRtva meM becArA dizAmUDha mArga se anabhijJa bhI duHkhI hogaa| usI prakAra jaise aMdhe mArgadarzaka ke netRtva meM calane vAlA dUsarA andhA bhI mArga bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| ____ karmopacaya niSedhavAda yA kriyAvAda :- bauddha darzana ko sAmAnyatayA akriyAvAdI darzana kahA gayA hai kyoMki ve kAraka ko nahIM mAnate aura kAraka ke abhAva meM koI kriyA saMbhava nahI hai kintu sUtrakRtAMga ke bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana meM sUtra 535 kI cUrNi aura vRtti meM bauddhoM ko apekSA bheda se kriyAvAdI kahA hai| kriyAvAdI kevala caityakarma (citta vizuddhi pUrvaka) kiye jAne vAle kisI bhI karma Adi kriyA ko mokSa kA aMga mAnate haiN| bauddha cittazuddhipUrvaka sampanna prabhUta hiMsA yukta kriyA ko evaM ajJAnAdi se kiye gaye nimna cAra prakAra ke karmopacaya ko baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM mAnate :(i) parijJopacita karma - jAnate hue bhI krodhavaza zarIra se akRta evaM kevala mana se ciMtita hiMsAdi krm| (ii) avijJopacitakarma - ajJAnavaza zarIra se sampanna hiMsAdi krm| (iii) IryApatha karma - mArga meM jAte samaya anabhisaMdhise hone vAlA hiMsAdi krm| (iv) svapnAntika karma - svapna meM hone vAle hiMsAdi krm| For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA __bauddhoM ke anusAra aise karmoM se purUSa spRSTa hotA hai baddha nahIM, kyoMki ye cAroM karma sparza ke bAda hI naSTa ho jAte haiN| ve rAgadveSa rahita bRddhi pUrvaka yA vizuddha mana se hue zArIrika prANAtipAta ko bhAvavizuddhi hone ke kAraNa karmopacaya nahIM maante|42 sUtrakAra ne bauddhoM ke ina tarko ko asaMgata kahA hai| "maiM putra ko mAratA hU~" aise citta pariNAma ko kathamapi bhI asaMkliSTa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|43) jo puruSa kisI bhI nimitta se kisI prANI para dveSa yA hiMsA meM nahIM jAtA, vaha vizuddha hai aura isalie pApakarma baMdha nahIM hotA, kahanA asatya hai| jAnakara hiMsA karane se pahale rAga, dveSa, kaSAya bhAva na AyeM yaha sambhava nahIM hai| vastutaH karmopacaya meM mana hI to pradhAna kAraNa hai jise bauddha grantha dhammapada bhI mAnatA hai|(44) bauddhoM ne bhI to kRta, kArita aura anumodita tInoM prakAra ke hiMsAdi kArya ko pApa karmabandha kA AdAna kAraNa mAnA hai| IryApatha meM bhI binA upayoga ke gamanAgamana karanA citta kI saMkliSTatA hai, usase karmabandha hotA hI hai| hA~ koI sAdhaka pramAda rahita hokara sAvadhAnI se upayoga pUrvaka caryA karatA hai, kisI jIva ko mArane kI mana meM bhAvanA nahIM hai to vahAM jaina siddhAntAnusAra pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| parantu sAdhAraNa vyakti binA upayoga ke pramAda pUrvaka calatA hai to pApakarma baMdha hotA hI hai, ataH kriyAvAdiyoM kA mata asaMgata hai|16 jagatkartRtvavAda :- sUtrakRtAMga meM jagata kI racanA ke sandarbha meM ajJAnavAdiyoM ke pramukha sAta matoM kA nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai-47 (i) kisI deva dvArA kRta, saMrakSita evaM boyA huaa| (ii) brahmA dvArA racita, rakSita ya utpnn| (iii) Izvara dvArA rcit| (iv) yaha loka prakRti kRta hai| (v) svayaMbhUkRta lok| (vi) yamarAja racita jagaha mAyA hai| (vii) loka aNDe se utpanna hai| zAstrakAra kI dRSTi meM ye samasta jagatkartRtvavAdI parAmarza se anabhijJa, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 111 mRSAvAdI evaM svayuktiyoM ke AdhAra para avinAzI jagat ko vinAzI, ekAnta va anitya batAne vAle haiN| vastutaH loka yA jagat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA kyoMki dravya rupa se vaha sadaiva sthira rahatA hai| yaha loka atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai evaM bhaviSya meM rhegaa| yaha sarvathA ayuktiyukta mAnyatA hai ki kisI deva, brahmA yA Izvara ne jagat kI sRSTi kii| kyoMki yadi jagat kRta hotA to nAzavAna hotA paraMtu loka ekAntataH aisA nahIM hai| ye dravyarupa nitya hone se kArya hai hI nhiiN| paryAya rupa se anitya hai parantu kArya kAkartA ke sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| jIva va ajIva anAdi kAla se svabhAva sthita haiM, ve kabhI naSTa nahIM hote| avatAravAda (48) :- niyativAda kI bhAMti avatAravAda mata bhI AjIvakoM kA hai| samavAyAMga vRtti aura sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke chaThe adhyayana meM trairAzikoM ko AjIvaka yA gozAlaka matAnusArI batAyA gayA hai, ye AtmA kI tIna avasthAyeM mAnate hai : : (i) rAgadveSa saMhita karmabaMdhana se yukta pApa sahita azuddha AtmA kI avasthA / (ii) azuddha avasthA se mukti hetu zaddha AcaraNa dvArA zuddha niSpApa avasthA prApta karanA, tadanusAra mukti meM pahuMca jaanaa| (iii) zuddha niSpApa AtmA kA rAgadveSa ke kAraNa usI prakAra punaH karmaraja se lipta ho jAtA hai jaise svaccha jala bhI AMdhI tUphAna se ur3AI gayI re va miTTI ke kAraNa vaha punaH malina ho jAtA hai| 49 isa prakAra AtmA mukti prApta kara bhI krIr3A aura pradoSa ke kAraNa saMsAra meM avatarita hotA hai| vaha apane dharmazAsana kI punaH pratiSTA karane ke lie rajoguNa yukta * hokara avatAra letA hai|deg yahI tathya gItA meM bhagavAna kRSNa ne arjuna ko upadeza dete hue kahA hai yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnam dharmasya, tadAtmAnam sRjAmyaham // he bhArata! jaba-jaba dharma kI hAni aura adharma kI vRddhi hotI hai taba-taba maiM hI , For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / apane rupa ko racatA huuN| sAdhu puruSoM kI rakSA tathA pApakarma karane vAloM kA vinAza evaM dharma kI sthApanA ke lie maiM yuga-yuga meM prakaTa hotA huuN| ... sUtrakAra avatAravAda kA khaMDana karate hue kahate haiM ki jo AtmA eka bAra karmamala se sarvathA rahita ho cukA hai, zuddha, buddha, mukta evaM niSpApa ho cukA hai vaha punaH azuddha karmaphala yukta aura pApayukta kaise ho sakatA hai? jaise bIja ke jala jAne para usase aMkura utpanna honA asambhava hai, vaise hI karmabIja ke jala jAne para phira janmamaraNa rupa aMkura kA phUTanA asaMbhava hai aura phira isa bAta kI to gItA bhI mAnatI hai : mAmupetya punarjanma duHkhaalymshaashvtm| nApnuvanti mahAtmanaH saMsiddhi paramAM gtaaH|| mAmupetya tu kaunteya! punarjanma na vidyte|| gItA-8/15,16 'kIDApadoseNa' kahakara avatAravAdI jo avatAra kA kAraNa batalAte haiM usakI saMgati gItA se baiThatI hai kyoMki avatarita hone vAlA bhagavAna duSToM kA nAza karatA hai taba apane bhakta kI rakSA ke lie hara sambhava prayatna karatA hai aura aisA karane meM unameM dveSa evaM rAga kA honA svAbhAvika hai| ina alaga-alaga matavAdoM ke sAtha-sAtha sUtrakRtAMga meM lokavAdiyoM ke matoM kI bhI samIkSA kI gayI hai jinameM mukhya rupa se pUraNakAzyapa, maMkhali gozAla, ajitakezakambala, prakuddhakAtyAyana, saMjayavelaTThiputta Adi ke mata samaviSTa haiN| lokavAdiyoM kI isa mAnyatA kA ki loka, ananta, zAzvata evaM avinAzI hai, khaNDana karate huye sUtrakAra' kahate haiM ki yadi lokagata padArthoM ko utpatti evaM vinAza rahita sthira yA kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM to yaha pratyakSataH virUddha hai kyoMki isa jagat meM jar3a cetana koI bhI aisA padArtha nahIM hai jo parivartanazIla na ho, paryAya rupa se vaha sadaiva utpanna va vinaSTa hote dIkhatA hai| ataH lokagata padArtha sarvathA kUTasthanitya nahIM ho skte| dUsare lokavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA sarvathA ayukta hai ki trasa sadaiva For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 113 trasa padArtha meM utpanna hotA hai, puruSa maraNoparAnta puruSa evaM strI maraNoparAnta strI hotI hai| AcArAMga-spaSTataH kahatA hai ki sthAvara jIva trasa ke rupa meM, trasa jIva sthAvara ke rupa meM athavA saMsArI jIva sabhI yoniyoM meM utpanna ho sakate haiN| ataH unakA mata samIcIna nahIM hai| niSkarSa :- isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kAlIna bhArata ke jo anya vibhinna dArzanika mata the una sabake vicAroM kA khaNDana kara jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| usa samaya pracalita aisA koI matavAda nahIM hai jise sUtrakAra kI painI dRSTi ne sparza na kiyA ho| cAhe va lokAyatoM kA mata ho, bauddhoM kA mata ho, sAMkhya, yoga, naiyAyika, mIsAMsaka tathA vedAntiyoM kA mata ho, sUtrakAra ne sabhI matavAdoM kA kuzala samAveza kara unakI tarkapravaNa mImAMsA kI hai| yadyapi sUtrakAra ne kisI bhI sampradAya vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kevala unake dArzanika mantavyoM ko hI AdhAra mAnakara parapakSa nirasana evaM svapakSa maNDana kiyA hai| zailI bahuta kucha upaniSadoM kI hai| tathA kinhIM arthoM meM bauddhoM ke brahmajAlasutta kI taraha hai| sampradAyoM kA spaSTa nAmollekha na milane kA kAraNa bahuta kucha sImA taka una-una matavAdoM kA usa samaya pUrNarupeNa vikasita na honA mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAda ke TIkAkAroM evaM niyuktikAroM ne ina dArzanika mantavyoM kA sampradAya vizeSa sahita nAmollekha kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM yadyapi vibhinna matavAdoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina darzana kI pratiSThA kI gayI hai, parantu yaha eka zurUAta hI thii| TIkAkAra evaM niyuktikAroM kI AlocanAeM apekSAkRta adhika praur3ha hai evaM tarkAnupraNita haiN| jahA~ taka isameM antarnihita dArzanika vivecanA kA prazna hai, sUtrakAra ne jina matavAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unake siddhAntoM ko jaina darzana mAnya anekAntavAda evaM karmavAda kI kasauTI para kasate hue yahI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki cAhe vaha lokAyatoM kA zarIrAtmavAda ho, niyativAdiyoM kA niyativAda ho yA vedAnta darzana kA kUTastha AtmavAda ho- koI bhI darzana hamAre satat anubhava rupa vyaktitva kI ekatA evaM cetanAmaya jIvana kI jo satat parivartanazIlatA hai kI, sampUrNa dRSTi se samucita vyAkhyA nahIM kara paataa| yaha jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI dRSTi hI hai jo ekAnta zAzvatavAda evaM ekAnta ucchedvAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke madhya Anubhavika stara para eka yathArtha samanvaya prastuta karatI hai tathA naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kI tarka saMgata vyAkhyA karatI hai| sandarbha : (1) sUtrakRtAMga niryukti, gAthA 18-20 tathA unakI zIlAMka vRtti (2) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, sampAdaka amara muni, AtmajJAna pITha, bhAvasAra, 1979, pRSTha 12-13 (3) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpAdaka madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 1982, 1/1/1 (4). uttarAdhyayana, 8/15 (5) sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka TIkA patrAMka-12 (6) sakaSAyatvAjjIva : karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdante sabaMdhaH (7) tattvArthavArtika, 2/10/2 (8) sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4 (9) tattvArthavArtika, 2/10 (10) dravya saMgraha, 2/32 (11) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/6, pRSTha 10 (madhukara muni) ( 12 ) (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/5 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka vRtti patrAMka - 14 (ga) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi mUlapATha TippaNI, pRSTha 2 - tattvArtha sUtra- 8/2 (13) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/7-8,2/1/654 (14) sarvadarzana saMgraha, pRSTha 10, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 115 (15) sUtrakRtAMga niryukti - gAthA 33 (16) sUtrakRtAMga, 2/1/657 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 115 (17) sarvametadidaM brahma, chA u.3/14/1,sarvakhalviMda brahma, maileyupa 4/6/3 (18) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/9-10 (19) vahI,1/1/10 (20) vahI, 1/1/11-12, 2/1/648-653, zIlAMkavRtti patrAMka 20 (21) vahI, 1/1/10-11, pRSTha 26 (22) bRhada upa., 4/6/13 (23) saMte ke samaNa brAhmaNA evaM vAdino evaM diTTAno - taMjIvaMtaM zarIraM idameva saccaM moghmNati| su.pi udAna, par3hamanAtitthiya suttaM, pRSTha 142 (24) sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka vRtti, patrAMka 20-21 (25) sUtrakRtAMga, 2/1/653 (26) vahI, 1/1/13-14 (27) vahI, 1/1/15-16 (28) gItA, 2/16 (29) Izvara kRSNa, sAMkhyakArikA-9 (30) sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka vRtti patrAMka 24-25 (31) dIghanikAya 1/1, anu bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyana evaM jagadIzakazyapa, bhAratIya bauddha zikSA pariSad buddha vihAra, lakhanaU (32) majjhimanikAya - 1/1/2 (33) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/1/17-18 (34) suttapiTaka, bhAga 3, pRSTha 153 (35) jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 2, pRSTha 138 (36) niyatenaiva bhAveNa sarvebhAvA bhavanti yt| - zAstravArtAsamuccama, 2/61 (37) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/28, 1/1/28-32 (38) vahI, 1/2/33-50 For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA (39) suttapiTaka, dIghanikAya - sAmaJjhaphalasutta, pRSTha 41-53 (40) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/34-35 ( 41 ) suttapiTaka Aguttara nikAya, pAli, bhAga 3, aTTama nipAta, pRSTha 293-96 (42) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/55 (43) sUtrakRtAMga, zIlAMka vRtti, patrAMka 37-40 (44) dhammapada, paDhamo vaggo- 1 (45) dazavaikAlika, 418 (46) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/57-59, pRSTha 60-61 (madhukara muni) (47) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/64-69 (48) vahI, 1/3/70-71 (49) vahI, 1/3/71 (50) sa mokSa prApto'pi bhUtvA kIlAvappa doseNa rajasA avtaarte| (51) sUtrakRtAMga, 1/4/180-81 (52) AcArAMga, 1/9/1/54 - sUyagar3a cu. TippaNI 12 variSTha pravaktA pArzvanAtha zodhapITha AI.TI.AI. ror3a, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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sthAnAMgasUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pro sAgaramala jaina sthAnAMgasUtra ke vartamAna meM aneka saMskaraNa upalabdha haiM jinameM gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda dvArA saMcAlita " pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA' ke 23veM puSpa ke rupa meM sthAnAMga tathA samavAyAMga kA paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kRta jo sundara, subodha tathA suspaSTa anuvAda evaM prastAvanA aura tulanAtmaka TippaNiyoM ke sAtha prakAzana huA hai, usase sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI viSayavastu ko samajhane meM paryApta sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne ina granthoM ke viSaya paricaya ke sAtha-sAtha inakI racanA zailI evaM racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vicAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra muni kanhaiyAlAlajI " kamala" dvArA saMpAdita evaM yuvAcArya madhukara muni dvArA saMpAdita " sthAnAMgasUtra" aura usakI devendramuni zAstrI dvArA likhita bhUmikA bhI sthAnAMga ke paricaya ke liye mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi isa bhUmikA meM mukhya rupa se paM. dalasukha bhAI ke lekhana aura vizeSa rupa se unakI TippaNiyoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| ina granthoM ke saMbaMdha meM viziSTa jAnakArI ke liye una saMskaraNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ para hama saMkSepa meM hI * ina granthoM ke svarupa, racanA zailI, racanAkAla evaM viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM prakAza ddaaleNge| 44 sthAnAMga kA svarupa :- dvAdaza aMga sUtroM meM sthAnAMga tRtIya aMga sUtra mAnA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga zabda sthAna + aMga se banA hai| nandI sUtra ke anusAra eka se prArambha karake eka-eka bar3hAte hue 10 sthAnoM taka vibhinna bhAvoM kA varNana hone se ise sthAnAMga nAma diyA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ke anusAra jisakA svarupa sthApita kiyA jAye athavA jJApita kiyA jAye, vaha sthAna hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra jisameM jIvAdi viSayoM kA vyavasthita rupa se pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai vaha sthAna hai| vastutaH yaha artha sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu ko dRSTi meM rakhakara prastuta kiye gaye haiN| vastutaH yahA~ "sthAna" zabda saMkhyA krama kA sUcaka hai / upadezamAlA meM "sthAna" zabda kA artha "mAna" athavA " parimAna" kiyA gayA hai isase isakA saMkhyAsUcaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA honA siddha hotA hai| vastutaH sthAnAMga meM saMkhyA ke krama se bauddhoM ke aMguttara nikAya kI bhAMti vibhinna viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yathA eka-eka vastu meM kyA hai? do-do vastuyeM kyA haiM? aadi| isa krama meM eka se lekara dasa taka kI vastuoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM 12 aMgoM kA jo paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, usameM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki ekavidha, dvividha yAvat dasavidha jIva, pudgala aura loka sthiti kA varNana isa grantha meM hai| __anya aMga sUtroM se sthAnAMga ke svarupa kI tulanA karate hue hama yahaM pAte haiM ki jahA~ anya aMga sUtroM meM mumukSu jIvoM ke lie vidhi- niSedha rupa se AcAra niyamoM kA pratipAdana hai athavA sAdhaka AtmAoM ke jIvana vivaraNa haiM athavA saMvAdoM ke rupa meM upadeza haiM, vahA~ sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga donoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye grantha saMgrahAtmaka koSa ke rupa meM likhe gaye haiN| anya aMgoM kI apekSA inakA viSaya nirupaNa sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai| smRti meM suvidhA ho aura vaha cirakAla taka sthira raha sake isaliye saMkhyA ke krama se vibhinna AgamoM kI jAnakArI ke liye Avazyaka aisI viSaya vastu ko isameM saMgrahita kara diyA gayA hai| ina aMgoM kI viSaya nirupaNa zailI se aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki jaba anya sabhI aMga bana gaye hoMge taba smRti tathA dhAraNA kI saralatA kI dRSTi se athavA viSayoM ke khoja kI sugamatA kI dRSTi se ina donoM aMgoM kI yojanA kI gayI hogI tathA inheM vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna karane hetu aMgoM meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hogaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dasa adhyAya aura sAta sau terAsI sUtra haiN| isake dasaveM adhyAya meM dasa-dasa adhyAya vAle dasa dazAgranthoM kA ullekha hai, kintu unameM kahIM bhI sthAnAMga kA dazA ke rupa meM ullekha nahIM hai, isase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha dasa dazAoM ke pazcAta hI nirmita huA hogaa| __ sthAnAMga kA paricaya hameM samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM milatA hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra sthAnAMga meM svasiddhAnta, parasiddhAnta aura svapara siddhAnta kA, jIva, ajIva aura jIvAjIva kA, loka-aloka aura lokAloka kA, dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM kA tathA parvata, nadI, samudra, devoM ke prakAra, puruSoM ke vibhinna prakAra, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 119 unake gotra, nadiyoM, nidhiyoM evaM jyotiSika devoM kI vibhinna gatiyoM kA varNana hai| naMdI sUtra meM bhI lagabhaga kiMcita aMtara ke sAtha sthAnAMga kI yahI viSayavastu nirUpita kI gayI hai| samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra donoM hI isameM eka zrutaskaMdha, dasa adhyayana, 21 uddezana kAla, 21 samuddezana kAla aura 72 hajAra padoM ke hone kA ullekha karate haiN| paravartI zvetAmbara grathoM (vidhimArgaprapA Adi) meM bhI isI AdhAra para isakI viSayavastu kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM tattvArthavArtika meM isakI viSayavastu kA nirupaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "sthAnAMga meM aneka Azraya vAle arthoM kA nirNaya hai|" dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki isameM eka se lekara uttarottara eka-eka adhika sthAnoM kA varNana hai, jaise mahat AtmA eka hai, vaha baddha aura mukta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha tIna prakAra kA hai| cAra gatiyoM meM saMkramaNa karane se cAra prakAra kA hai| pAMca guNoM (bhAvoM) meM bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| cha: dizAoM meM gamana karane ke bheda se jIva chaH prakAra kA hai| saptabhaMgI ke bheda se vaha sAta prakAra kA hai| ATha karmAzravoM ke AdhAra para jIva ATha prakAra kA hai| nau arthaka hone se vaha nau prakAra kA hai| dasa sthAna yathA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, pratyeka vanaspati, nigodha, dviindiya, trindriya, cartuindriya evaM paMcendriya ke bheda se dasa prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra ajIva pudgala bhI eka prakAra, do prakAra Adi kA hai| digambara paramparA meM isake padoM kI saMkhyA 42 hajAra mAnI gayI hai| yadi hama uparyukta vivaraNoM kI tulanA sthAnAMga ke vartamAna svarupa se karate haiM to eka-do Adi saMkhyA krama se isameM dasa saMkhyA taka ke viSayoM kA nirupaNa upalabdha hotA hai, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM isake saMkhyAoM ke uttarottara krama se vivecana vAle svarupa kI vartamAna svarupa se koI bhinnatA nahIM hai parantu yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM tattvArthavArtikakAra kI jAnakArI meM sthAnAMga nahIM thaa| isI prakAra dhavalA, jayadhavalA aura aMga prajJapti ke lekhakoM ke samakSa yA unakI jAnakArI meM bhI vartamAna sthAnAMga nahIM thA, kintu For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA anuzruti se unheM isa saMkhyA krama vAle svarupa kA bodha thaa| viSayavastu kI kalpanA unhoMne apane DhaMga se kI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM 2 hajAra aura digambara paramparA meM 42 hajAra pada pramANa hone kI jo bAta kahI gayI hai, vaha atizyokti pUrNa hI lagatI hai| vartamAna meM prastuta sUtra kA zloka parimANa 3770 hai| sthAnAMga kA racanA kAla :- paramparAgata dRSTi se sabhI aMga AgamoM ke artha rupa se upadeSTA bhagavAn mahAvIra aura zabda rupa se unake praNetA gautama gaNadhara Adi mAne gaye haiM kintu yadi hama sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu para vicAra kareM to spaSTa rupa se aisA lagatA hai ki isameM samaya-samaya para viSayasAmagrI DAlI jAtI rahI hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM isa grantha kI racanA paddhati ko samajha lene ke pazcAt yaha samajhanA atyanta sarala ho jAtA hai ki isa grantha meM samaya-samaya para kisa prakAra kI viSayavastu ko jor3A jAtA rahA hai| yadyapi yaha abhivRddhi saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hI huI hai, kintu inakA saMbaMdha itihAsa ke sAtha bhI hai| isameM jisa-jisa prakAra kI viSayavastu kI abhivRddhi kI gayI hai, use pahacAna pAnA bhI kaThina nahIM hai udAharaNa ke rupa meM sAtaveM sthAna meM nihnava saMbaMdhI sAmagrI aura naveM sthAna meM gaNa saMbaMdhI sAmagrI bAda meM jor3I gayI hai| sthAnAMga ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki samyak dRSTi sampanna gItArtha purUSoM ne pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI zruta sAmagrI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAta yatra-tatra hAni-vRddhi kI hai| sthAnAMga ke naveM adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nau gaNoM ke nAma Ate haiN| ye nAma isa prakAra haiM :- godAsagaNa, uttarabalissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, uDDivAtitagaNa, vissavAtitagaNa, kAmaDDhitagaNa, mAlavagaNa aura koddikgnn| kalpasUtra kI sthivirAvalI meM ina gaNoM kI utpatti isa prakAra batAI gayI hai :prAcIna gotrIya Arya bhadrabAhu ke cAra sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma godAsa thaa| ina kAzyapa gotrIya godAsa sthavira se godAsa nAmaka gaNa kI utpatti huii| elAvacca gotrIya Arya mahAgiri ke ATha sthavira ziSya the inameM se eka kA nAma uttarabalissaha thaa| inase uttarabalissaha nAmaka gaNa niklaa| vaziSTha gotrIya Arya suhastI ke bAraha sthavira ziSya the jinameM se eka kA nAma Arya rohaNa thaa| inhIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 121 kAzyapa gotrIya rohaNa se uddehagaNa niklaa| unhIM gurU ke ziSya hAritagotrIya sirigutta se cAraNagaNa kI utpatti huii| bhAradvAjagotrIya bhaddajasa se uDDavADiyagaNa utpanna huA evaM kuMDila (kuMDali athavA kuDila) gotrIya kamaDDhi sthavira se vesavADiyagaNa niklaa| isI prakAra kAMkadI nagarI nivAsI vaziSThagotrIya isigutta se mAlavagaNa evaM vagghAvaccagotrIya susthita va supratibaddha se koDika nAmaka gaNa niklaa| uparyukta ullekha meM kAmatigaNa kI utpatti kA koI nirdezana nahI hai| saMbhava hai Arya suhasti ke ziSya kAmaDDhi sthavira se hI yaha gaNa bhI nikalA ho| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM kAmaDDhitagaNa viSayaka ullekha nahIM hai kintu kAmaDDhitakula saMbaMdhI ullekha avazya hai| yaha kAmaDDhitakula usa vesavADiya-vissavADita gaNa kA hI eka kula hai, jisakI utpatti kAmaDDhi sthavira se batalAI gayI hai| uparyukta sabhI gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do varSa ke bAda ke bhI ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra sthAnAMga ke sAtaveM sthAna meM jAmAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3ha, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta aura goSThAmAhila ina sAta nihnavoM kA ullekha AtA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki inameM se prathama do ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca nihnava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda kI tIsarI zatAbdI se chaThIM zatAbdI ke madhya hue haiM arthAt I.pU. dvitIya zatI IsA kI prathama zatI ke bIca hue hai| ina nihnavoM ke prasaMga meM boTika kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA / boTika kI utpatti vIra nirvANa saMvat 906 yA 909 meM mAnI gayI hai / ataH itanA nizcita hai ki isameM aitihAsika dRSTi se vIra nirvANa kI chaThIM zatAbdI athavA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke bAda kI koI aitihAsika sAmagrI kI sUcanA isameM nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki isa grantha kI racanA kA aMtima svarupa vIra nirvANa kI chaThIM zatAbdi yA IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI se Age nahIM jaataa| ataH yaha mAnanA adhika upayukta hai ki isa sUtra kI aMtima yojanA vIra nirvANa kI aMtima zatAbdI meM hone vAle kisI gItArtha AcArya ne apane samaya taka kI ghaTanAoM ko pUrva paramparA se calI Ane vAlI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha milAkara kI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki mahAvIra ke bAda ghaTita hone For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #151
122 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vAlI sabhI ghaTanAyeM kisI gItArtha AcArya dvArA isa sUtra meM pIche se jor3a dI gayI hai| vese yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AnI cAhie ki AgamoM ko granthabaddha karane vAle devardhigaNikSamAzramaNa hI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ko antima rupa dene vAle rahe hoNge| yadyapi isakA yaha tAtparya bhI nahIM hai ki grantha kI sampUrNa sAmagrI hI arvAcIna yA paravartI hai| isakA tAtparya mAtra yaha hai ki grantha ko aMtima svarupaM kaba milaa| yadyapi yaha mAnanA ki yaha Agama gaNadhara kRta hI hai aura zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sarvajJatA meM bhaviSya kAla kI ghaTanAoM ko dekhakara unakA vivaraNa prastuta kara diyA thA, vyaktigata zraddhA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, parantu gaveSaNAtmaka rupa se tarka saMgata nahIM lgtaa| mAtra yahI nahIM yadi mahAvIra ne bhaviSya kAla kI ghaTanAoM ko kahA thA to unake kriyApada bhaviSyakAlika hone cAhie the na ki bhuutkaalik| jabaki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mUla Agama meM ye kriyApada bhUtakAlika haiN| ataH yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM honI cAhie ki isa grantha meM mahAvIra ke kAla se lekara vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta taka kI sAmagrI kA saMkalana hotA rahA hai kyoMki goSThAmAhila kA isameM ullekha hai aura usakA kAla vIra nirvANa 584 varSa ullikhita hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA yaha spaSTa vicAra hai ki vIra nirvANa 585 arthAta IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt isameM kisI sAmagrI kI abhivRddhi nahIM huI hai kyoMki isameM vIra nirvANa sa. 609 meM hone vAle nihnava "boTika" kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadi sthAnAMga meM vIra nirvANa 980 yA 993 meM huI vallabhI vAcanA taka parivardhana yA parivartana hue hote to isameM AThaveM sthAna meM 8 nihnavoM kA ullekha avazya hotaa| inatA hI nahIM isameM ullikhita aMga graMthoM aura unake adhyayanoM kA paricaya bhI parivartita ho gayA hotaa| sthAnAMga meM jina dasa dazAoM aura unake udhyayanoM kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya ke una granthoM ke adhyayanoM meM samavAyAMga ke anuvAda ke 231 se 263 pRSTha taka kI TippaNiyoM meM vistAra se ullikhita hai| isI prakAra aMga granthoM kI viSayavastu meM sthAnAMga meM jo ullekha haiM ve samavAyAMga naMdIsUtra aura naMdI cUrNI se kisa prakAra bhinna haiM isakI carcA hamane isI grantha meM upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtika, praznavyAkaraNadazA aura For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #152
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 123 vipAkadazA kI vivecanA karate samaya kI hai| pAThaka ise vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| paM dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA likhate haiM ki isa AdhAra para eka bAta jo nizcita hotI hai vaha yaha ki vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya upalabdha granthoM kI viSayavastu meM abhivRddhi yA kamI nahIM kI gyii| yadi kI gayI hotI to sthAnAMga meM aneka sUtroM ko kama karanA hotA aura aneka sUtroM ko bar3hAnA hotaa| vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya saMkalana meM pUrNa prAmANikatA rakhI gyii| saMkalana kartA ne apanI ora se granthoM kI viSayavastu meM na to naI viSayavastu ko jor3A hai aura na aspaSTa aura avAMchita viSayavastu ko parivartita kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM paraspara visaMgatiyoM ko unhoMne haTAne kA bhI prayatna nahI kiyA, mAtra itanA hI kiyA ki jo vastu jisa rupa meM thI usI rupa meM vyasthita karake grantha baddha kara diyaa| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isa grantha ko aMtima rupa vIra nirvANa saMvat kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta meM arthAt IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM milA aura usake bAda isameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM huaa| yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai ki grantha kI prathama saMkalanA se lekara IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se ise aMtima rupa milane taka isameM kucha abhivRddhi yA parivartana hue, kyoMki ve isakI viSaya pratipAdana zailI Adi se bhinna haiN| udAharaNa ke rupa meM sthAnAMga meM bhAvI tIrthakara vimalavAhana kA jo vistRta jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai vaha nizcita rupa se bAda meM jor3A gayA hai, kyoMki vaha pUrA vivaraNa kathA rupa meM hai aura rAjA zreNika ke jIva kA bhaviSya meM vimalavAhana nAmaka tIrthakara ke rupa meM janma lene kA ullekha karatA hai| isI prakAra nandIzvara dvIpa ke cAra parvatoM ke nAma meM aMjanaka parvata kA ullekha to aprAsaMgika nahIM hai kintu parvata kA vistRta vivaraNa nizcita hI kahIM se jor3A gayA hai| isI prakAra sukha-zaiyA, duHkha zaiyA, mohanIya sthAna, vibhaMga dhyAna, baladeva-vAsudeva kA varNana, svaramaMDala prakaraNa aura tRtIya sthAna ke dvitIya uddezaka meM gautama aura mahAvIra ke bIca kA saMvAda yaha saba kahIM se isameM jor3A - gayA hai, kintu yaha saba IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI taka ho cukA thaa| isa prakAra sthAnAMga kA racanA kAla vIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI taka vistRta hai| yadyapi ise aMtima rupa vIra nirvANa chaThIM zatAbdI meM hI milaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sthAnAMga ke upalabdha pATha ko samajhane meM AcAryoM ko kitanI asuvidhAyeM huI thI tathA pAThabhedoM ke kAraNa svarupa nirdhAraNa meM kisa prakAra kI kaThinAI huI hogI, isakA citraNa svayaMsthAnAMga ke prathama TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga vRtti ke anta kI prazasti meM kiyA hai sampradAyahInattvAt sadUhasya viyogtH| sarvasvaparazAstrAnAmadraSTe rsmRteshcme||1|| vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustkaanaamshuddhtH| sUtrAnAmatigAmbhIryAt matabhedAcca kutrcit||2|| - sthAnAMgavRtti prazasti arthAt grantha ko samajhane meM parampasa kA abhAva hai| sutarka kA viyoga hai| saba . sva-para zAstra dekhe nahIM jA sake haiM aura na mujhe unakI smRti hI hai| aisI sthiti meM unakI vyAkhyA meM matabheda honA svAbhAvika hai| isase niSkarSa rupa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhayadeva ke kAla taka grantha kI vAcanA meM vibhinnatA A gayI thii| yadyapi isa vibhinnatA kA tAtparya viSayavastugata vibhinnatA se na lekara kevala pAThAntaroM se hI lenA caahie| yaha spaSTa hai ki abhayadeva ke kAla taka ardhamAgadhI AgamoM para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA thA aura isI kAraNa AgamoM meM pAThAntaroM kI sRSTi ho gayI thI aura ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM prayukta bahuta se dezI zabdoM kA artha AcAryoM ko mAlUma nahIM thaa| zailI :- jahA~ taka isa sUtra kI zailI kA prazna hai svayaM samavAyAMga meM 12 aMgoM kA paricaya dete hue sthAnAMga ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki isameM ekavidha-dvividha yAvat dasa vidha jIva, pudgala aura loka sthiti kA varNana hai| samavAyAMga meM sUcita yaha zailI Aja bhI isa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hai| sthAnAMga ke prathama prakaraNa meM eka-eka padArtha athavA kriyA Adi kA nirupaNa hai, dvitIya meM do-do kA, tRtIya meM tIna-tIna kA, yAvat antima prakaraNa meM dasa-dasa padArthoM athavA kriyAoM kA varNana hai| jisa prakaraNa meM eka saMkhyaka vastu kA vicAra hai usakA nAma eka sthAna athavA prathama sthAna hai| isI prakAra dvitIya sthAna yAvat dazamasthAna ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 125 isa prakAra sthAnAMga meM dasa sthAna, adhyayana athavA prakaraNa haiN| jisa prakaraNa meM nirupaNIya sAmagrI adhika hai usake cAra upavibhAga bhI kiye gaye haiN| dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha prakaraNa meM aise cAra-cAra upavibhAga haiM tathA paMcama prakaraNa meM bhI tIna upavibhAga haiN| inake upavibhAgoM kA pAribhASika nAma "uddezaka'' hai| samavAyAMga kI zailI bhI isI prakAra kI hai, kintu usameM dasa se Age kI saMkhyA vAlI vastuoM kA bhI nirupaNa hai| ataH usakI prakaraNa saMkhyA sthAnAMga kI taraha nizcita nahIM hai, athavA yoM samajhanA cAhie ki usameM sthAnAMga kI taraha koI prakaraNa vyavasthA nahIM kI gayI hai| isIliye naMdIsUtra meM samavAyAMga kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM eka hI adhyayana hai| sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga kI koza zailI bauddha paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA ke grathoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| bauddha grantha aMguttara nikAya, puggalapati, mahAvyutpatti evaM dharma saMgraha meM isI prakAra kI zailI meM vicAraNAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke grantha mahAbhArata ke vanaparva (adhyAya 134) meM bhI isI zailI meM vicAra saMgrahIta kiye gaye haiN| - sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM saMgraha pradhAna koza zailI hote hue bhI aneka sthAnoM para yA to zailI khaMDita ho gayI hai yA vibhAga karane meM pUrI sAvadhAnI nahIM rakhI gayI hai| udAharaNa ke liye aneka sthAnoM para vyaktiyoM ke caritra Ate haiM, parvatoM kA varNana AtA hai, mahAvIra aura gautama ke saMvAda Ate haiM, ye saba khaMDita zailI ke sUcaka haiN| sthAnAMga ke sUtra 244 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya cAra prakAra ke haiM, sUtra 431 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya pA~ca prakAra ke haiM, sUtra 484 meM likhA hai ki tRNavanaspatikAya chaH prakAra ke haiN| yaha aMtima sUtra tRNavanaspatikAya ke bhedoM kA pUrNa nirupaNa karatA hai, jabaki pahale ke donoM sUtra isa viSaya meM apUrNa haiN| aMtima sUtra kI vidyamAnatA meM ye donoM sUtra vyartha haiN| yaha vibhAjana kI asAvadhAnI kA udAharaNa hai| viSaya sambaddhatA kA prazna :- saMkhyA ke AdhAra para viSayoM kA saMkalana hone ke kAraNa isa grantha ke abhidheyoM athavA pratipAdya viSayoM meM paraspara sambaddhatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA honA Avazyaka nhiiN| yadyapi vRttikAra ne khIMcatAna kara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki amuka viSaya ke bAda amuka viSaya kA kathana kyoM kiyA gayA hai parantu hamArI dRSTi meM vRttikAra ne jo saba sUtroM ke bIca pArasparika saMbaMdha biThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM lgtaa| vAstava meM zabdakoza ke zabdoM kI bhAMti ina sUtroM meM paraspara koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jo bhI viSaya sAmane Aye usakA usa saMkhyA vAle adhyayana meM samAveza kara diyA gyaa| inameM pArasparika saMbaddhatA kevala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hai viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se nhiiN| sthAnAMga aura anya Agama grantha :- sthAnAMga grantha kisI eka nizcita viSaya kA na hokara vividha viSayoM kA eka saMgraha grantha hai| yadyapi ise aMga granthoM meM sthAna dekara yaha mAnA gayA hai ki isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA sAkSAt saMkalana hai kintu isameM bhagavAn ke upadezoM kA kitanA bhAga hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| paM. dalasukha bhAI ke zabdoM meM uparyukta carcA se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki samaya-samaya para hue parivardhanoM se isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAkSAt upadeza ke atirikta adhikAMza bhAga aisA hai, jo saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM upalabdha viSayavastu vividha AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| sthAnAMga ke aneka sUtra samavAyAMga meM yathAvat rupa meM upalabdha haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM baladena aura vAsudeva ke prakaraNa (adhyayana sUtra 672) meM vistAra ke liye samavAyAMga ko dekha lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vastutaH aneka viSaya aise haiM jo sthAnAMga kI apekSA samavAyAMga meM adhika vistAra se vivecita hue haiN| yadyapi puruSoM ke prakAra saMbaMdhI jo vistRta vivaraNa sthAnAMga meM hai vaha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| yadyapi itanA spaSTa hai ki samavAyAMga kI apekSA sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu adhika prAcIna hai kintu sthAnAMga meM samavAyAMga kA ullekha upalabdha honA isa bAta kA bhI sUcaka hai ki sthAnAMga kI saMkalanA ke samaya hI samavAyAMga kI saMkalanA bhI huI thii| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM yaha viSayasAmya kisa prakAra kA hai, isakI sUcanA sarvaprathama paM. dalasukha bhAI ne apane grantha sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI pAdaTippaNiyoM meM dI hai| usake pazcAt donoM kI samAna viSaya vastuoM kA eka tulanAtmaka vivaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 127 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI "kamala" ne apane sthAnAMga sUtra ke pariziSTa meM diyA hai| yuvAcArya madhukara muni jI dvArA saMpAdita 'sthAnAMga' kI bhUmikA meM upAcArya devendra muni jI zAstrI ne inhIM AdhAroM para sthAnAMga kI viSayavastu anya AgamoM meM kahA~ milatI hai usakA ullekha apanI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai : sandarbha :* sthAnAMga (10/2) meM dvitIya sUtra hai "ege aayaa''| yahI sUtra samavAyAMga(10/1) meM bhI zabdazaH milatA hai| bhagavatI (12/10) meM bhI isI kA dravya dRSTi se nirupaNa hai| sthAnAMga (1/4) kA caturtha sUtra "egA kiriyA' hai| samavAyAMga (1/5) meM bhI isakA zabdazaH ullekha hai| bhagavatI (1/9) aura prajJApanA (pada 16) meM bhI kriyA ke saMbaMdha meM varNana hai| __sthAnAMga (175) meM pAMcavAM sUtra hai- "egeloe"| samavAyAMga (1/7) meM bhI isI taraha kA pATha hai| bhagavatI (12/7/7) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 56) meM bhI yahI svara mukharita huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/6) meM sAtavAM sUtra hai- "ege dhmme"| samavAyAMga (1/9) meM bhI yaha pATha isI rupa meM milatA hai| sUtra kRtAMga (2/5) aura bhagavatI (20/2) meM bhI isakA varNana hai| sthAnAMga (1/8) kA AThavAM sUtra hai "ege adhmme'| samavAyAMga (1710) meM bhI yaha pATha isI rupa meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura bhagavatI (20/2) meM bhI isa viSaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMga (1/11) kA gyArahavAM sUtra hai "ege punnnne"| samavAyAMga (1/11) meM bhI isI taraha kA pATha hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 34) meM bhI yaha viSaya isI rupa meM milatA hai| sthAnAMga (1/12) kA bArahavAM sUtra hai "ege pAve / samavAyAMga (1/12) meM yaha sUtra isI rupa meM AyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
128 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA * (sUtra 34) meM bhI isakA nirupaNa huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/9-10) kA navama sUtra "ege bandhe" hai aura dazavAM sUtra "ege mokkhe" hai| samavAyAMga (1/1/13-14) meM ye donoM sUtra isI rupa meM milate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra-34) meM bhI isakA varNana huA hai| sthAnAMga (1/13-14-15-16) kA terahavAM sUtra "ege Asave" caudahavAM sUtra "ege saMvare", paMdrahavAM sUtra "egA veyaNA" aura solahavAM sUtra "egA nirjarA'' hai| yahI pATha samavAyAMga (1/15-1617-18) meM milatA hai tathA sUtrakRtAMga (2/5) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 34) meM bhI ina viSayoM kA isI rupa meM nirupaNa huA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke 55 veM sUtra meM ArdrA nakSatra, citrA nakSatra, svAti nakSatra kA varNana hai| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (sUtra-23,24,25) aura sUryaprajJapti (pR.10, pR.9) meM bhI milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke 328 veM sUtra meM apratiSThAna naraka, jambUdvIpa pAlakayAna vimAna Adi kA varNana hai| usakI tulanA samavAyAMga (sama. 1, sUtra 19,20,21,22) se kI jA sakatI hai aura sAtha hI prajJApanA (pada 2) aura jambUdvIpa prajJapti (vakSA sUtra 3) se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| sthAnAMga ke 95 veM sUtra meM jIva-ajIva AvalikA kA varNana hai| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (4/4/95), prajJApanA (pada1, sUtra1), jIvAbhigama (prati1 sUtra1) aura uttarAdhyayana (36) meM bhI hai| sthAnAMga (2/4/110) meM pUrva bhAdrapada Adi ke tAroM kA varNana hai to sUrya prajJapti (prA.10, prA.9, sUtra 42) aura samavAyAMga (2/5) meM bhI yahI varNana milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/1/126) meM tIna guptiyoM evaM tIna daNDako kA varNana milatA hai| samavAyAMga (3/1) praznavyAkaraNa (5vA~ saMvara dvAra), uttarAdhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 129 * (31) aura Avazyaka (a4) meM bhI yahI varNana hai| sthAnAMga (3/3/182) meM upavAsa karane vAle zramaNa ko kitane prakAra ke dhovana pAnI lenA kalpatA hai, yaha varNana milatA hai| yaha varNana samavAyAMga (3/3) prazna vyAkaraNa (5vA~ saMvara dvAra), uttarAdhyayana (31), aura Avazyaka sUtra (a.4) meM prakArAntara se milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/4/214) meM vividha dRSTiyoM se Rddhi ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiN| isI prakAra kA varNana samavAyAMga (3/4), prazna vyAkaraNa (5vA~ saMvara dvAra) meM bhI milatA hai| sthAnAMga (3/3/226) meM abhijita, zravaNa, azvinI, bharaNI, mRgazira, puSpa, jyeSThA ke tIna-tIna tAre kahe gaye haiN| yahI varNana samavAyAMga (3/6), aura sUrya prajJapti (10/9/42) meM bhI prApta hai| sthAnAMga (4/1/247) meM cAra dhyAna kA svarUpa aura pratyeka dhyAna ke lakSaNa tathA Alambana batAye gaye haiM, vaisA hI varNana samavAyAMga (4/2), bhagavatI (25/7/282) aura aupapAtika (sUtra30) meM bhI milatA hai| - nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI TI AI ror3a, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM punarAvRtti kI samasyA - DaoN azoka kumAra siMha paramparA se dvAdazAMgoM meM, kintu Aja vidyamAna gyAraha aMga granthoM meM tIsare aura cauthe aMga ke rupa meM prakhyAta sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga saMgraha grantha mAne jAte haiN| inakI zailI isa prakAra hai ki prathama sthAna meM eka padArtha athavA kriyA Adi kA nirupaNa hai, dvitIya meM do-do kA aura tRtIya meM tIna-tIna kA varNana hai| sthAnAMga meM dasa sthAnoM meM eka se dasa padArthoM athavA kriyAoM kA saMgraha hai jabaki zailI meM isake hI anurupa, samavAyAMga meM eka se hajAroM, karor3oM aura usase bhI Age kI saMkhyA vAle tathyoM kA nirupaNa hai| pahale kI prakaraNa saMkhyA dasa taka sImita hai jabaki dUsare kI prakaraNa saMkhyA nizcita nahIM hai| ina donoM granthoM kI prakRti evaM viSaya-vaividhya ke sandarbha meM jainavidyA meM mUrdhanya manISI paM. becara dAsa dozI' kA yaha kathana atyanta prAsaMgika hai ki ina donoM sUtroM ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye saMgrahAtmaka koza ke rupa meM nirmita kiye gaye haiN| anya aMgoM kI apekSA inake nAma evaM viSaya sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke haiN| ina aMgoM kI viSaya-nirupaNa zailI se aisA bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jaba anya saba aMga pUrNatayA bana gaye hoMge taba smRti athavA dhAraNA kI saralatA kI dRSTi se athavA viSayoM kI khoja kI sugamatA kI dRSTi se pIche se ina donoM aMgoM kI yojanA kI gaI hogI tathA inheM vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna karane hetu inakA aMgoM meM samAveza kara diyA hogaa| ukta kathana ke Aloka meM yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki aMgoM meM vidyamAna samasta yA adhikAMza tathyoM kI sUcanA yA sUcI ina donoM aMgoM meM upalabdha hai, sAtha hI zeSa aMgoM meM pradatta tathyoM ke atirikta inameM koI navIna tathya saMgRhIta nahIM hogaa| inako saMgraha grantha svIkAra karane meM sabase pramukha Apatti inake krama ko lekara hotI hai yadi ye anya aMga granthoM ke nirmita hone ke pazcAt saMgRhIta hue hote to inakA krama svAbhAvika rupa se anya aMgoM ke bAda hotaa| isa dRSTi se adhyayana krama meM hI donoM granthoM meM prApta viSaya-punarAvRtti kI samasyA kA tathyagata vivecana karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| sAmAnya avadhAraNA hai ki ina donoM aMgoM meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 131 punarAvRtti kI bahulatA hai aura yadi punarAvRtta viSayoM ko grantha se pRthak kara diyA jAya to donoM granthoM kA kalevara atyanta choTA ho jaaygaa| ____ donoM granthoM meM bahuta se aise tattva, padArtha yA prakaraNa saMgRhIta yA varNita haiM jinakA vivaraNa eka se adhika sthAnoM para upalabdha hai| eka tathya kA eka se adhika sthaloM para pratipAdana nirarthaka hai| svAbhAvika rupa se pUrvavartI sthAnoM yA sUtroM kI apekSA pazcAdvartI sthAnoM yA sUtroM kA vivaraNa adhika pUrNatA liye hue hai| pariNAmataH tathya-vizeSa se saMbaMdhita antima vivaraNa kI upasthiti meM tadviSayaka anya sabhI pUrvavartI vivaraNa aprAsaMgika yA nirarthaka siddha ho jAte haiN| ina donoM granthoM meM viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa, vyavasthita yojanA ke anurupa na honA hI mukhyataH punarAvRtti kI samasyA ke mUla meM ho sakatA hai| yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki grantha ke Arambhika sthAnoM meM viSaya ke mukhya prakAroM yA bhedoM ko batA diyA gayA hai| bAda meM yathAsthAna avasarAnukUla anya bhedoM yA avAntara bheda sahita viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrutiparamparA dvArA hI zrRMtoM kA jJAna hone se grantha racanA meM svAbhAvika rupa se smaraNa suvidhA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| kisI prakaraNa ke kucha aMzoM kA smaraNa karane para sampUrNa prakaraNa kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| sambhavataH isalie bhI viSaya kA pahale AMzika aura bAda meM apekSAkRta vistRta varNana hai| viSaya-vizeSa kA kramika vikAsa bhI ina granthoM meM prApta punarAvRtti kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki sUtrakAra kI zailI hI aisI rahI ho| parantu ukta sabhI tarkoM ko svIkAra karane meM pramukha bAdhA grantha meM viSaya pratipAdana praNAlI kI ekarupatA kA abhAva hai| yadi kucha viSayoM kI eka kAraNa se yA ukta sabhI kAraNoM se punarAvRtti Avazyaka thI yA huI hai to samasta viSayoM kI kyoM nahIM? viSaya-pratipAdana meM ekarupatA kA yaha abhAva hI punarAvRtti ko ina granthoM kA nirbala pakSa banA detA hai| * punarAvRtti kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga meM eka padArtha athavA kriyA ke do sthAnoM para pratipAdita kiye jAne kI bahulatA hai| kucha tathyoM kA tIna, kucha kA cAra aura kucha kA pA~ca sthaloM para bhI nirupaNa huA hai| pudgala saMbaMdhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga ke dasoM sthAnoM ke anta meM prApta hotA hai| jahA~ taka samavAyAMga meM punarAvRtti kA prazna hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nizcita rupa se isameM punarAvRtta viSayoM kI saMkhyA kama hai| parantu isameM ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke nArakoM Adi kA vivaraNa eka se taiMtIsa samavAya paryanta sabhI samavAyoM meM prApta hotA hai| punarAvRtta padArthoM kI dRSTi se yaha dRSTAnta sarvAdhika ullekhanIya hai| samavAyAMga meM ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke kucha nArakoM, zarkarApRthvI ke kucha nArakoM, asurakumAradevoM aura bhavanavAsiyoM, asaMkhyAta varSa AyuSkoM, garbhopakrAntika saMjJI manuSyoM, vANavyantara devoM, jyotiSkadevoM, saudharmakalpadevoM, IzAnakalpa devoM kI sthiti prathama samavAya meM yathAprasaMga eka kalpa aura eka sAgaropama kahI gayI hai| yahI vivaraNa 33veM samavAya taka varNita hai| pratyeka samavAya meM ina jIvoM kI sthiti samavAya kI saMkhyA ke anurupa batAyI gayI hai| yadyapi jIvoM ke nAma kahIM pRthak-pRthak haiM, kahIM kucha jIvoM ko samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai to kahIM kucha jIvoM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai| yaha sampUrNa vivaraNa lagabhaga 71 sUtroM yA sUtrAMzoM meM (sUtroM meM padoM kI saMkhyA samAna nahIM) varNita haiN| taiMtIsaveM samavAya ke do sUtroM ke vivaraNa kI upasthiti meM anya sabhI 69 sUtroM ke vivaraNa anAvazyaka se pratIta hote haiN| ___punarAvRtti kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga ke sabhI sthAnoM- eka se dasa taka ke anta meM "pudgalapada" ke antargata pug2ala saMbaMdhI vivaraNa pratipAdita hai| prathama sthAna meM ekapradezAvagADha, eka samaya kI sthiti, eka guNa, eka varNa, eka gandha, eka rasa aura eka sparza vAle pudgala ananta kahe gaye haiN| isI prakAra dvipradezI Adi se lekara dasa pradezI Adi pudgala ananta kahe gaye haiN| eka se lekara dasa sthAnoM meM yaha vivaraNa 27 sUtroM meM pratipAdita hai, jabaki antima pAMca sUtroM kI upasthiti meM zeSa 22 sUtra anAvazyaka pratIta hote haiN| yadyapi ukta donoM udAharaNa bhAva meM punarAvRtti ke hI nidarzaka haiM parantu pratyeka samavAya aura sthAna meM saMkhyA parivartana se inheM punarAvRtti mAnane meM Apatti ho sakatI hai| ina donoM udAharaNoM ke atirikta sthAnAMga meM bahuta se udAharaNa haiM jinakI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 133 4/2/259 6/36 8/14 punarAvRtti huI hai| sthAnAMga meM punarAvRtta sabhI padArthoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karane se pUrva, viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie kucha pramukha udAharaNoM ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMga meM lokasthiti kA cAra, prAyazcita kA pA~ca aura tRNa-vanaspati kA tIna sthaloM para vivaraNa saMgRhIta hai, jinako nimna tAlikAoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai :lokasthiti vivaraNa : sthAnAMga 3/2/3/9 (1) AkAza para vAyu (2) vAyu para udadhi (3) udadhi para pRthvI (4) pRthvI para - - trasa aura sthAvara (5) ajIva jIva para pratiSThita , (6) jIva karmoM para pratiSThita - (7) ajIva jIva dvArA saMgRhIta (8) jIva karma dvArA saMgRhIta prAyazcitta vivaraNa 3/4/448 6/198 /20 9/42 10/73 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
134 aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA (1) AlocanA (2) pratikramaNa (3) tadubhaya tRNavanaspati vivaraNa' . sthAnAMga sUtra 4/1/57 (1) agrabIja (2) mUlabIja (3) parvabIja (4) skaMdhabIja (4) viveka (5) vyutsarga - (6) tapa (7) cheda (8) mUla - 5/2/146 | | anavasthApya (5) bIjaruha For Personal & Private Use Only - (10) pArAM cika (6) saMmUrcchima uparyukta tAlikA se jJAta hotA hai ki lokasthiti saMbaMdhI 3/2/3/9 Adi tIna sUtra, 8 / 114 sUtra kI upasthiti meM anAvazyaka siddha ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra 10/73 (prAyazcita) aura 6/12 (tRNavanaspati) kI upasthiti meM kramaza: 3/4/448 Adi cAra aura 4/1/57 Adi do sUtra nirarthaka siddha ho jAte haiN| 6/12

Page #164
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 135 jaisA ki upara ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai sthAnAMga meM eka padArtha yA viSaya ko do sthAnoM para pratipAdita kiye jAne kI bahulatA hai| aise padArthoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 70 hai| isake atirikta lagabhaga dasa viSayoM kA tIna sthaloM para cAra viSayoM kA cAra sthaloM para, prAyazcita kA pAMca sthAnoM para aura pudgala kA dasa sthAnoM para saMgraha hai| do sthaloM para punarAvRtta tathyoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- bodhi ke jJAnAdi, buddha ke jJAnabuddhAdi, dharma ke zrutadharmAdi aura pratyAkhyAna tyAgA ke manAdi dvArA, do aura tIna prakAra, karma ke pradeza krmaadi|| evaM jambUdvIpa meM maMdara parvata ke dakSiNa meM haimavata aura uttara meM hairaNyavata kSetra meM vRttavaitADhya ke do aura cAra bheda, maMdaraparvata se dakSiNa meM cullahimavAn varSadhara se Upara kUToM kI aura maMdara para hI mahAhadoM14 kI saMkhyA do aura chaH batAyI gaI hai| aupamika kAla ke plyopmaadi| tathA darzana ke samyagdarzanAdi do aura ATha bheda varNita haiN| samAdhi, upadhAna, viveka Adi bAraha pratimAoM kA do sthaloM para varNana hai| ... punaH jIva ke trasa aura sthAvara ke tIna-tIna bhedoM kI jIva nikAya ke 6 bhedoM ke rupa meM punarAvRtti,' praNidhAna, supraNidhAna," aura duSpraNidhAna ke mana, vacana kAyAdi kramazaH tIna aura cAra bheda, devoM ke devaloka se manuSyaloka meM zIghra na A sakane ke tIna aura cAra kAraNa, vAcanA ke ayogya aura yogya tIna aura cAra prakAra ke sAdhu pravrajyA ke tIna-tIna ke cAra varga aura cAra-cAra ke pA~ca varga, varNita haiN| .. manuSya loka aura devaloka meM andhakAra hone , devoM ke manuSya loka meM Agamana', devoM kI sAmUhika upasthiti, devoM kA kalakala zabda", devendroM kA manuSya loka meM zIghra Agamana', sAmAnika Adi devoM ke apane siMhAsana se uThane', siMhanAda karane, vastroM ke uchAlane', devoM ke caityavRkSoM ke calAyamAna hone aura lokAntika devoM ke manuSya loka meM Ane', inameM se pratyeka ke tIna aura cAra kAraNa batAye gaye haiN|24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isI prakAra zarIra ke cAra aura pA~ca prakAra', kSudra prANI ke dvIndriyAdi cAra aura chaH prakAra jambUdvIpa meM meruparvata ke samIpa cAra aura chaH akarmabhUmiyA~,26 saMjJI ke AhArAdi cAra aura dasa prakAra", indriyoM ke zrotrendriyAdi pA~ca aura cha: viSaya, Rddhiyukta manuSyoM ke pA~ca aura chaH bheda, jambUdvIpa meM meruparvata ke samIpa varSoM kI saMkhyA aura varSadhara parvatoM kI saMkhyA chaH aura sAta batAyI gayI hai|| samasta jIvoM ke AbhinibodhikAdi chaH aura ATha prakAra, pRthvIkAyika kI apkAyikAdi meM gati-Agati chaH aura nau prakAra kI hai| __darzana pariNAma ke samyagdarzanAdi, yonisaMgraha ke aNDajAdi, aNDaja kI gati-Agati evaM pRthvI ke ratnaprabhAdi, sAta aura ATha prakAra varNita haiN|" suSamA ke akAla meM varSAdi kA na honA evaM duSamA ke akAlavarSAdi' sAta aura dasa lakSaNa, jambUdvIpa meM bhAratavarSa ke atIta utsarpiNI AgAmI utsarpiNI meM sAta aura dasa kulakara batAye gaye haiN| AlocanA dene yogya sAdhu ke AcArAdi sthAna", apane doSoM kI AlocanA karane yogya sAdhu ke sthAnoM, tRNa-vanaspati ke kUlAdi avayavoM aura sUkSma jIvoM ke prANa sUkSmAdi bhedoM kI saMkhyA ATha aura dasa pratipAdita hai| samavAyAMga meM prayoga ke teraha aura pandraha bheda varNita haiN|| isI prakAra kucha viSaya tIna sthaloM para saMgrahita haiM jaise upaghAta ke udgamopaghAtAdi, vizodhi ke udgamavizodhi" Adi tIna, pA~ca aura dasa prakAra, tRNavanaspati ke agrabIjAdi cAra, pA~ca aura chaH prakAra, jIva ke pRthvIkAyika Adi chaH, sAta aura nau prakAra, lokAntika vimAna ke sArasvatAdi lokAntika devoM ke sAta, ATha aura nau prakAra", pRthvIkAyikAdi viSayaka saMyama" aura asaMyama donoM ke sAta, dasa aura satraha prakAra varNita haiN| kucha tathya cAra sthaloM para saMgRhIta haiN| jaise lokasthiti kI AkAza para vAyu Adi tIna, cAra, cha: aura ATha sthitiyA~, saMsAra samApannaka jIvoM ke cAra, pA~ca, sAta aura ATha prakAra, saMvara ke zrotendriya saMvarAdi aura asaMvara ke zrotrendriya asaMvarAdi pA~ca, chaH, ATha aura dasa prakAra varNita haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 137 prAyazcitta ke AlocanAdi tIna, chaH, ATha, nau aura dasa bheda pA~ca sthaloM para varNita haiN| jaisA ki Upara spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki pudgaloM se sambandhIta vivaraNa sabhI dasa sthAnoM ke anta meM saMgRhIta hai| isa prakAra ukta tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM punarAvRtti ke kAraNa grantha kI anAvazyaka vRddhi para vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jina tathyoM kA vivecana lagabhaga 10 sUtroM yA sUtrAMzoM meM ho sakatA thA unake lie do sau se Upara lagabhaga 210 sUtroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra anumAnataH 120 sUtroM kI adhikatA sthAnAMga meM pAyI jAtI hai| sthAnAMga meM kula 2831 sUtra yA anuccheda (madhukaramuni saMskaraNa meM) upalabdha hai| isa dRSTi se sthAnAMga meM punarAvRtta aMzoM aura samasta sAmagrI kA anupAta 1:25 ke lagabhaga hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM kahAM jA cukA hai| samavAyAMga meM punarAvRtta prakaraNoM kI saMkhyA atyalpa hai phira bhI kama se kama 70 sUtra yA anuccheda anAvazyaka mAne jA sakate haiN| vibhinna prakaraNoM se saMbaMdhita punarAvRtta sthaloM kI vivecanA karane se jJAta hotA hai ki kucha punarAvRttiyA~ yuktisaMgata haiN| pUrvavartI sthAna meM varNita viSaya ke kisI eka bheda ke, paravartI sthAna meM avAntara bheda sammilita kiye gaye haiM jisase svAbhAvika rupa se prakaraNa vizeSa ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi ho gayI hai| udAharaNa svarupa sthAnAMga ke chaThe sthAna meM jJAna kI dRSTi se jIva ke chaH bheda matijJAnI, zrutajJAnI, avadhijJAnI, manaHparyavajJAnI, kevalajJAnI aura ajJAnI batAye gaye haiM- (6/1) isI prakaraNa ke AThaveM sthAna meM ATha bheda batAye gaye hai| vahA~ para pA~ca bheda to pUrva ke samAna hI haiN| chaThaveM bheda ajJAnI ke sthAna para isake tIna avAntara bhedoM mati ajJAnI, zruta ajJAnI aura vibhaMga ajJAnI ko sammilita kara dene se jJAna kI dRSTi se jIvoM ke bheda kI saMkhyA ATha ho gayI hai| isI prakAra pRthvIkAyikoM kI gati-Agati ke prakaraNa meM donoM sthAnoM ke pA~ca bheda samAna haiN| chaThaveM sthAna (6/10) ke antima bheda trasakAyikoM ke badale 9 veM sthAna (9/8) meM usake cAra upabhedoM-dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya evaM paMcendriya jIvoM kI gaNanA karane se saMkhyA 9 ho gayI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA RddhimaMta puruSoM ke prasaMga meM isake pA~caveM bheda bhAvitAtmA (anagAra tapa se Rddhi-alaukika zakti prApta karane vAle) ke sthAna para chaTheM sthAna meM isake (bhAvitAtmA anagAra ke) do bhedoM jaMghAcAraNa anagAra aura vidyAcAraNa anagAra ko samaviSTa kara lene se eka vRddhi ho gayI hai| jaMghAcAraNa anagAra ko tapa ke bala se pRthvI kA sparza kiye binA hI adhara gamanAgamana kI labdhi prApta hotI hai| vidyAcAraNa ve anagara kahalAte haiM jinheM AkAza meM gamanAgamana kI zakti prApta hotI hai| ukta udAharaNoM meM pUrva meM varNita kisI bheda-vizeSa ke badale usake avAntara bhedoM ko sammilita karane se saMkhyA meM vRddhi huI hai| isake atirikta kucha viSayoM ke prasaMga pUrva meM varNita bheda-vizeSa ko bAda meM chor3a diyA gayA hai aura usake sthAna para naye bhedoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai, jo tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| suSamA ke 7 aura 10 lakSaNa do sthaloM para varNita hai|' inameM donoM sthaloM ke vivaraNa meM 5 lakSaNa samAna haiN| pA~ca ke atirikta manaH zubhatA aura vacaH zubhatA haiN| suSamA ke dasa lakSaNoM ke prasaMga meM chaThaveM bheda manaHzubhatA ke sthAna para isake pA~ca bhedoM manojJa zabda, manojJa rupa, manojJa gandha, manojJa rasa aura manojJa sparza ko samAviSTa kara dasa saMkhyA pUrNa kara lI gaI hai| isake sAtaveM bheda vacaH zubhatA ko chor3a diyA gayA hai jo yuktiyukta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra pRthvI ke sAta aura ATha bhedoM ke pratipAdana meM sAtaveM bheda (7/24) ke sthAna para AThaveM sthAna meM do bhedoM adhaH sattamA aura ISatprAgbhArA ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| sarvajIvoM ke prasaMga meM jIva ke sAta aura nau prakAra batAye gaye haiN| donoM meM pA~ca prakAra samAna haiN| sAta prakAroM ke vivaraNa meM chaTheM aura sAtaveM prakAra ke rupa meM trasakAyika aura akAyika kA ullekha hai| jabaki nau prakAroM ke ullekha meM trasakAyika ke badale isake cAra upabhedoM dvIndriya, trIndriya aura paMcendriya ko sammilita karanA to tarkasaMgata hai parantu sAtaveM bheda akAyika ko chor3a denA samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA hai| aisI hI visaMgati jambUdvIpa ke atIta utsarpiNI evaM AgAmI utsarpiNI ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 139 sAta aura dasa kulakaroM kI utpatti ke prasaMga meM dikhAI par3atI hai| svAbhAvika rupa se yA to sAta kulakara utpanna hue the aura hoMge, yA dasa kulakara utpanna hue the aura hoNge| ataH bhinna-bhinna saMkhyAoM ke prApta hone kA koI aucitya nahIM hai| 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArva ke 8 gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM antara dikhAI par3atA hai| isake atirikta adhikAMza punarAvRtta prakaraNoM meM antima vivaraNa pUrNatA liye hue hai ataH tatsambaddha zeSa vivaraNa nirarthaka yA anAvazyaka pratIta hote haiM aura grantha ke AkAra meM vRddhimAna karane vAle haiN| sandarbha :1. paM becaradAsa dozI, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha (sa. 6) vArANasI- 5, dvi.saM. 1972, pRSTha 213 / 2. 1/6-7, 2/11-14, 3/17-19, 4/22-23, .... 33/217-8 samavAyAMga, sampA madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana, samiti, byaavr| 3. sUtra 1/254-256, 2/463-465, 3/541-542, 4/659/662, 5/239-240, 6/129-132,7/154-155, 8/127-128, 9/73 evaM 10-174-178 / * sthAnAMga sUtra, sampA madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (jinAgama graMthamAlA saM.-7) 1981 / ...4. tividhA logaThitI paNNattA, taM jahA - AgAsapaiTThie vAte, vAtapaiTThie udahI, udahI paiTThiyA paDhavI, - 3/2/3/9, sthaanaaNg| cauvvihA..... puDhavipatiTThiyA, tasA thAvarA pANA - 4/2/259, sthaanaaNg| chavvihA.... ajIvA jIvapatiTThitA, jIvA kammapatiTTitA - 6/36 sthaanaaNg| aTTavidhA - ajIvA jIvasaMgahItA-jIvAkammasaMgahItA-8/14, sthaanaaNg| For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 5 tividha pA tividhe pAyacchitte paNNatte, taM jahA-AloyaNArihe, paDikkamaNArihe, tadubhayarihe- 3/4/448, sthaanaaNg| * chavvihe. ...... vivegArihe, viussaggArihe, tvaarihe| - 6/19 sthaanaaNg| * aTTavihe,..... cheyArihe, mUlArihe, 8/20 sthaanaaNg| * Navavidhe, .... annvttuppaarihe| -9/42 sthaanaaNg| .. * dasavidhe, paarNciyaarihe| -10/73 sthaanaaNg| cauvvihA taNavaNassatikAiyA paNNattA, taM jahA-aggabIyA, mUlabIyA, porabIyA, khaMdhabIyA, -4/1/57 sthaanaaNg| * paMcavihA, ......khaMdhabIyA, biiyruuhaa| -4/2/146 sthaanaaNg| * chavvihA, ...... saMmucchimA- 6/12 sthaanaaNg| . . 7. NANa bodhI ceva daMsaNabodhI cev| 2/4/4201 * tivihA ...... carittabodhI -3/2/1761 duvihA buddhA paNNattA - taM jahA NANabuddhA ceva, daMsaNabuddhAceva-2/4/4211 * tivihA ....... caarittbuddhaa| -3/2/177 / 9. duvihe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA suyadhamme ceva, carittadhamme cev| -3/3/4/101 duvihe paccakkhANe paNNatte-maNasA vege paccakkhAti, vayasA vege pcckkhaati| -2/1/391 * tivihe ..... kAyasA vege pcckkhaati| 3/1/271 11. duvihe kamme paNNatte, taM jahA-padesakamme ceva, aNubhAvakamme cev| -2/3/2651 * cauvvihekamme ..... pagaDIkamme, ThitIkamme, 4/4/406 / 12. do vaTTaveyaDDapavvayA paNNattA - bahusamatullAjAba, taM jahA-gaMdhAvAtI ceva, mAlavaMtapariyAe cev| -2/274 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 141 * caMttAri saddAvatI, viyaDAvAtI, 4/3071 13. jambUdvIve dIve maMdarassa pavvayassa dANiNaM cullahimavaMte, 2 / 281, vahI sUcanA 6/86 aura 6/87 meM varNita hai| 14. mahAhada ke saMbaMdha meM jo sAmagrI dvitIya sthAna meM 2/287-289 meM varNita hai vahI sUcanA 6TheM sthAna meM 88 sUtra meM upalabdha hai| 15. duvihe addhovamie paNNatte taM jahA-pAliovame ceva, sAgarovame ceva, 2/4/4051 * ....... aTThavidhe, osappiNI, ussappiNI, poggalapariyaTTe, tItaddhA, aNAgataddhA, savvaddhA / - 8/39 1 16. duvihe daMsaNe paNNatte taM jahA - sammadaMsaNe ceva, micchAdaMsaNeceva, 2/791 aTThavidhe, sammadaMsaNe micchAdaMsaNe, sammAmicchadaMsaNe, cakkhudaMsaNe, acakkhudaMsaNi, ohidaMsaNe, kevaladasaMNe, suviNadaMsaNe / - 8/381 17. tivihA tasA paNNattA, taM jahA - teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, urAlA, tasa, pANA / - 3/326 sthAnAMga / tivihA thAvarA paNNattA, taM jahA - puDhavikAiyA, AukAiyA, vaNassai kaaiyaa| -3/327 sthAnAMga / chajjIvaNikAyApaNNattA, taM jahA puDhavikAiyA, (AukAiyA, teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, vaNassaIkAiyA) / tasakAiyA / 6/6 * sthAnAMga / 18. tivihe paNihANe paNNatte, taM jahA - maNapaNihANe, vayapaNihANe, kAyapaNihANe- 3/96, sthAnAMga / - cauvvahe, uvakaraNapaNidhANe - 4/1/104, sthAnAMga / , ...... 19. tivihe suppaNihANe paNNatte, taM jahA maNasuppaNihANe, vayasuppaNihANe, kaay-suppnnihaanne| - 3/97 sthAnAMga / For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA * cauvvihe, ...... suppaNihANe- 4/1/1051 * saMjayamaNussANaM tivihe suppaNihANe paNNatte- taM jahA-maNasuppaNihANe, vayasuppaNihANe, kAyasuppaNihANe,3/981 evaM saMjayamaNussANati- 4/1/1051 ___20. tivihe duppaNihANe paNNate, taM jahA - maNaduppaNihANe, vayaduppaNihANe, kAyaduppaNihANe, 3/99, sthaanaaNg| .. * cauvvihe, ...... uvakaraNaduppaNihANe- 4/1/1061 21. sthAnAMga, 3/3/361 (1-3), 4/1/58 (1-4) / * tao avAyaNijjA paNNattA, taM jahA - aviNIe, vigatIpaDibaddhe, atiosavita pAhuDe, 3/4/4761 . * cattAri, ..... vipAhuDe, mAI, 4/3/4521 22. tao kappati vAittae, taMjahA - viNIe, avigatIpaDibaddhe, viosaviya paahudde| -3/4/477 sthaanaaNg| * cattAri, ...... amAI, 4/3/453 / tivihA pavvajjA paNNattA, taM jahA-ihalogapaDibaddhA, duhato loga paDibaddhA, 3/2/1801 * cauvvihA, appddibddhaa-4/4/171| * tivihA, puto paDibaddhA, maggato paDibaddhA, duhao paDibaddhA, 3/2/1811 cauvvihA ...... appddibddhaa| 4/4/5721 tivihA, tuyAvaittA, puyAvaittA, buAvaittA, 3/2/1821 cauvvihA, ...... paripuyAbaittA, 4/4/5741 tivihA..... ovAtapavvajjA, akkhAtapavvajjA, saMgArapalajjA, 3/2/1831 * cauvvihA ...... vihggipnnnnnnaa|- 4/4/573 / 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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cauvvihA siyAlakhaiyA 4/4/5751 24. sthAnAMgasUtra 3/1/74-86 evaM 4/3/435-4491 25. cauvvihA khuaupANA paNNattA, taM jahA - beiMdiyA, teiMdiyA, cauriMdiyA, saMmucchimapaMciMdiya tirikkha joNiyA / - 4/4/5521 teukAiyA, vAukAiyA / -6/68 sthaanaaNg| * chavvihA 26. cattAri akammabhUmIo paNNattAo, taM jahA - hemavate, heraNNavate, harisavarise rammagavarise / - 4 / 307, , sthAnAMga | pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 143 NaDakhaiyA, bhaDakhaiyA, sohakhaiyA, * cha devakurA, uttraakuraa| 6/831 ****** 27. cattAri saNNAo paNNattAo, taM jahA - AhArasaNNA, bhayasaNA, mehuNasaNNA, pariggahasaNNA / - 4/4/5781 dasa saNNAo, kohasaNNA, (mANasaNNA, mAyAsaNNA) lobhasaNNA, logasaNNA, ohasaNNA / - 10 / 115 sthAnAMga / : 28. pa~ca iMdiyatthA paNNattA, taM jahA- sotiMdiyatthe, cakkhiMdiyatthe, ghANiMdiyatthe, jibbhiMdiyatthe, phAsiMdiyatthe / - 5/3/1761 nnoiNdiytthe| -6/14 / cha, ...... 29. paMcavihA - iDDhimaMtA maNussA paNNattA taM jahA - arahaMtA, cakkavaTTI, baladevA, bhaviyappANo, aNagArA 5/2/671 chavvihA cAraNA vijjAharA, 6/211 30. jambUdvIve dIve chavvasA paNNattA, taM jahA - bharahe, eravate, hemavate, heraNNavae, harivAse, rammagavAse - 6/841 mahAvidehe, 7/501 * sattavAsA, ...... 31. jambUdIve dIve cha vAsAharapavvatApaNNattA, taM jahA - cullahimavaMte, mahAhimavaMto, jisaDhe, NIlavaMte, ruppo, siMharI - 6/851 32. chavvihA savvajIvA paNNattA, taM jahA - AbhiNibohiyaNANI, (suyaNANI, ohiNANI, maNaphjjavaNANI), kevalaNANI, aNNANI / 6 / 111 ****** For Personal & Private Use Only

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144: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA * aovidhA, matiaNNANI, sutaaNNANI, vibhaMgaNANI, 8/1061 33. puDhavikAiyA chagatiyA cha AgatiyA paNNattA, taM jahA- puDhavikAie puDhavikAiesu uvakjamANe puDhavikAiehito vA (AukAiehito vA, teukAiehiMto vA, vAukAiehiMto vA, vaNassaikAiehiMto vA), tasakAiehito vA uvvjjejjaa| -6/9 sthaanaaNg| . * puDhavikAiyA NavagatiyA NavaAgatiyA paNNttA , beiMdiehiMto vA, teiMdiehiMto vA, cauridiehiMto vA, paMciMdie hiMto vaa| -sthaanaaNg| * se ceva NaM se puDhavikAie puDhavikAyattaM evamAikAiyAvi jAva pNciNdiytti| - 1/11 34. sattavihe daMsaNe paNNatte, taM jahA-sammaiMsaNe, micchadasaNe, sammAmicchadaMsaNe, cakkhudaMsaNe, acakkhudaMsaNe, ohidasaNe, ohidasaNe, kevldsnne| -7/76 sthaanaaNg| * aovidhe daMsaNe paNNatte..... suviNa dsnne| -8/38, sthaanaaNg| 35. sattavidhe joNisaMgahe paNNatte, taM jahA - aMDajA, potajA, jarAujA, .. rasajA, saMsayegA, samucchimA, ubbhigA 7/3 sthaanaaNg| * aovidhe,...... uvvaatiyaa| 8/2, sthaanaaNg| 36 aMDagA satta gatiyA satta gatiyA paNNattA, taM jahA- aMDage aMDagesu uvavajjamANe, aMDagehiMto vA, potajehiMto vA, jarAujehiMto vA, rasajehiMto vA saMseyarohito vA, samucchimehito vA, ubbhigehito vA, uvvjjejjaa| sacceva NaM se aMDae aMDagattaM vAvippajahamANe aMDagattAe vA, potagattAe vA, (jarAujattAe vA, rasajattAe vA, saMseyagattAe vA, saMmucchimattAe vA, ubbhigattAe vA gcchejjaa|)- 7/4 sthaanaaNg| * . se ceva NaM se puDhavikAie puDhavikAiyattaM vippajahamANe, . puDhavikAiyattAe vA, (AukAiyattAe vA, teukAiyattAe vA, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 145 vAukAiyattAe vA, vaNassaikAiyattAe vA) tasakAiyattAe vA acchejjaa| -6/9 / AukAiyA chagatiyA chaAgatiyA evaM ceva jAva tskaaiyaa| -6/101 potagA sattagatiyA sttaagtiyaa| sattaNhavi gatirAgatI bhaanniyvvaa| -7/51 * aMDagA aogatiyA, ...... uvvaatiehito| * se ceva NaM se aMDae aMDagattaM vippajahamANe uvavAliyattAe vA gacchejA 18/31 37. etAsi NaM sattaNhaM puDhavINaM sattagottA paNNattA, taM jahA papabhArayaNappabhA, sakarappabhA, vAluapapabhA, paMkappabhA, dhUmadhA, tamA, smtmaa| - 7/24 sthaanaaNg| * aTTapuDhavIyAo paNNattAo, ........... ahasaMttamA, IsipabbhArA, .. 8/10/81 38. sattahiM ThANehiM ogADhaM susamaM jANejjA, taM jahA-akAle Na varisai, kAle varisai, asAdha Na pujjaMti, sAdhu pujjati, gurUhi jaNo sambhaM paDivaNNo, maNosuhatA, vhsuhtaa| -7/70 / ___ * dasahiM ThANehiM ogADhaM susamaM jANejjA, taM jahA- akAleNa ... . varisAte, kAle varisati, asAhU Na pUijjati, gurusu jaNo sambhaM paDivaNNo, maNuNNA saddA, bhaNuNNA rUvA, maNuNNa gaMdhA, maNuNNa rasA, maNuNNa phaasaa| -10/411 sattahiM ThANehiM ogADhaM dusamaM jANejjA, taM jahA- akAle varisai, kAle Na varisai, asAdhU pujjaMti, sAdhu Na pujjaMti, gurUhi jaNo micchaM paDivaNNe maNoduhatA, viduhtaa| -7/69, sthaanaaNg| * dasahiM ThANehiM ogADhaM jANejjA, taM jahA- akAle varisai, kAle For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
146 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Na varisai, asAhU pUijjaMti, sAhUNa pUijjaMti, gurUsu jaNe micchaM paDivaNo, amaNuNNA saddA, amaNuNNA rUvA, amarguNNA gaMdhA, amaNuNNA rasA, amaNuNNA, phAsA, -10/1401 39. jambUddIve dIve bhArahe vAse tItAe ussappiNIe sattakulagarA hutthA, taM jahAmittadAme sudAme ya, supAse ya syNpbhe| .... vimalaghose sughose ya, mahAghose ya sttme|| -7/611 jambUddIve dIve bhArahe vAse tItAe ussappiNIe dasa kulagarA hutthA, taM jahAsaMyajale sayAU a, aNaMtaseNe ya ajitaseNe yA kakkaseNa bhImaseNe, mahAbhImaseNe ya sttme|| -10/143 / 40. jaMbuddIve dIve bhArahe vAse AgamissAe ussappiNIe sattakulakarA bhavissaMtimittavAhaNa subhome ya, suppabhe ya syNpbhe| datte suhume subaMdhU ya, AgamisseNa hokkhtii|| -7/641 * bhavissaMti, taM jahA-sImaMkare, sImaMdhare, khemaMkare, khemaMdhara vimalavAhaNe, sumaMtI, paDisute, daDhadhaNU, dasadhaNU, stdhnnuu|| -10/1141 41. aohiM ThANehiM saMpaNNe aNagAre arihati AloyaNaM paDicchittae, taM jahA-AyAravaM AdhAravaM, vavahAravaM, ovIlae, pakuvvae aparissAI, NijjAvae, avaaydNsii| -8/18 sthaanaaNg| * dasahiM ThANehiM, ...... piyadhamme daDhadhamme -10/721 aohiM ThANehiM saMpaNNe aNagAre arihati attadosamAloittae, taM jahA-jAtisaMpaNNe, kulasaMpaNNe, viyasaMpaNNe, NANasaMpaNNe, dasaMNasaMpaNNe, carittasaMpaNNe, khate, dNte|| -8/191 * dasahi ThANehiM, ...... amAyI, apacchANutAvI -10/71 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 147 43. aovidhA taNavaNassatikAiyA paNNattA, taM jahA-mUle kaMde khaMdhe, tayA, sAle, pavAle, patte, pupphe| -8/32 / * dasavidhA, ... phale, biiye|| 10/155 sthaanaaNg| 44. aosuhumA paNNattA, taM jahA-pANasuhume, paNagasuhame, bIyasuhume, haritasuhume, pupphasuhume, aMDasuhume, lennsuhume| -8/35 sthaanaaNg| * dasa suhumA ...... gaNisuhume, bhaMga suhume| -10/241 45. gabbhavakkatiapaMciMdiyatirikkhajoNiANaM terasavihe paoge paNNatte taMjahA-saccamaNapaoge mosamaNapaoge saccAmosama- Napaoge asaccAmo samaNa paoge. saccavaipaoge mosavaipaoge saccAmosarvaipaoge asaccAmosavaipaoge orAliyasarIrakAyapaoge orAliyamIsasarIrakAyapaoge ve uvviyasarIrakAyapayoge veuvviyamIsasarIrakAyapayoge kmmiysriirkaaypoge| -13/88 smvaay| . . * . maNUsANaM paNNarasavihe paoge paNNatte ...... saccavaNapaoge (12) AhArAyasarIrakAyappaoge,(13)AhArayamIsasarI rkaayppoge| -samavAya-151 46. tividhe uvaghAte paNNatte, taM jahA-uggamovaghAte, uppAyaNovaghAte, - esnnovghaate| -3/432, sthaanaaNg| .. * paMcavidhe, ..... parikammovaghAte prihrnnovghaate| -5/2/131 / * dasavidhe uvaghAte paNNatte, ...... NANovaghAte, daMsaNovaghAte, . carittovaghAte, aciyattovaghAte, saarkkhnnovghaate| -10/84 sthaanaaNg| 47. tividhA visohI paNNattA, taM jahA-uggamavisohI, uppAyaNa visohI, esnnaavisohii| -3/433 sthaanaaNg| . * paMcavihA, ...... parikammavisohI, pirhrnnvisohii| 5/2/132 sthaanaaNg| For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA. * dasavidhA ...... NANavisohI, daMsaNavisohi, carittavisohI, aciyatta visohI, sArakkhaNa visohii| cattari sarIramA kammumIsagA paNNattA, taM jAhA-orAlie, veuvvie, AhArae, teye| 4/492 / * paMca sarIragA, ..... kmme| 5/251 chavvihA savvajIvA, asriirii| 6/11 / 48. chavvihA saMsArasamAvaNNagA jIvA paNNattA, taM jahA-puDhavikAiyA, AukAiyA, teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, vaNassaikAiyA, tasakAiyA, 7/81 . * sattavidhA savvajIvA paNNattA, ...... akAiyA 27/731 * NavavihA, ...... beiMdiyA, (teiMdiyA, cauriMdiyA, paMciMdiyA)-9/71 ___49. sArassayamAiccANaM (devANaM) sattadevA sattadevasatA pnnnnttaa| 7/1001 * etesu NaM aosu logatiyavimANesu aovidhA logaMtiyA devA . paNNatA taM jahA-- . sArassatamAiccA, vaNhI varuNA ya gddtoyaa| tusitA avvAbAhA, aggiccA cova boddhvvaa|| 8/46 / . Nava devaNikAyA paNNattA...... ceva rio ya / / 9/34 sthaanaaNg| 50. paNNatte, taM jahA-puDhavikAiya saMjame AukAiyasaMjame, te ukAiyasaMjame, vAukAiyasaMjame, vaNassaikAiyasaMjame, tasakAiyasaMjame, ajIvakAiya saMjame) -7/82 sthaanaaNg| * dasavidhe saMjame, beIdiyasaMjame, teiMdiyasaMjame, cauriMdiyasaMjame, - paMciMdiyasaMjame ajIva kaaysNjme| -10/8 sthaanaaNg| * sattarasavihe asaMjame, 17/118 smvaayaaNg| 51. sattavidhe asaMjame paNNatte, taM jahA- puDhavikAiyaasaMjame, AukAiya asaMjame, teukAiya asaMjame, vAukAiya asaMjame- 7/83 sthaanaaNg| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 149 dasavidhe asaMjame- 10/9 sthaanaaNg| sattarasavihe saMjame paNNatte, pehAsaMjame uvehAsaMjame uvahasaM jame pamajjaNAsaMjame maNasaMjame kaisaMjame kAyasaMjame // - 17 / 117 samavAyAMga / 52. cauvvihA saMsArasamAvaNNagA jIvA paNNattA, taM jahA - NeraiyA, tirikkhajoNiyA, maNussA, devaa| 4/608 / ahavA paMcavidhA, ...... siddhA - 5/2081 sattavihA, ...... deviio| aovidhA siddhA, 8/1061 53. paMcavidhe saMvare paNNatte taM jahA- sotiMdiyasaMvare, ( cakkhiMdiya saMvare, ghANiMdiya saMvare, jibbhiMdiyasaMvare, phAsiMdiya saMvare 5/2/1371 chavvihe, ...... NoiMdiyasaMvare, 6/151 aovihe, dasavidhe saMvare paNNatte maNasaMvare vaisaMvare, kAyasaMvare / - 8/11 / uvakaraNasaMvare, sUcI kasaggasaMvare, 10/101 54. paMcavidhe asaMvare paNNatte, taM jahA - sotiMdiya asaMvare (cakkhidiya asaMvatare, ghANiMdiya asaMvare, jibbhidiya asaMvare, phAsiMdiya asaMvare, 5/5/138, chavvihe NoiMdiya asaMvare - 6 / 16 sthaanaaNg| aovihe, maNa asaMvare, vai asaMvare, kAya asaMvare / -- 8/11 sthAnAMga / dasavidhe, ...... ...... uvakaraNa asaMvare sUcIkumasagga asNvre|| variSTha pravaktA pArzvanAtha zodhapITha AI.TI.AI. ror3a, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #179
vyAkhyAprajJapti : svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa - DaoN. mAyA jaina Agama sAhitya vItarAga vANI kA sAra hai| jinheM artha rupa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| artha ko (tIrthaMkaroM ke yA arhatoM ke bhAva ko) sUtrabaddha karane kA kArya inake pramukha ziSyoM ne kiyA, jinheM gaNadhara kahA gayA ve jJAnI the| unake sUtroM ko AcAryoM ke dvArA viSaya evaM prasaMga ke anusAra vibhAjita kiyA gyaa| usa vibhAjana meM bhI Agama sAhitya ko zruta kahA gayA arthAt jo gurUmukha se sunA gayA, vaha zruta hai| zruta bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| samasta zrutajJAna kA viSaya vizleSaNa mahAvIra ke do sau varSa bAda candragupta ke rAjya meM huA thaa| usa samaya magadha meM bAraha varSa kA bhISaNa akAla par3A jisase municaryA kaThina ho gaI, phira bhI Agama arthAt pUrva paramparA se Agata vacanoM ke sAra ko surakSita rakhane ke lie sarvaprathama pATalIputra meM sthUlabhadrAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM vAcanA huI, jisake pariNAma svarUpa aMga AgamoM kA saMkalana huaa| jJAna-vijJAna kI adhikatA ke kAraNa AgamoM ko pUrva meM zruta kahA gayA aura tatpazcAt Agama kahe gae, aMtima vAcanA devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM vallabhI meM huii| AgamoM ko usa samaya lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMga, upAMga, cheda-sUtra, mUla-sUtra, prakIrNaka aura cUlikA graMtha kA likhita svarUpa vyavasthita hokara Aja prakAzita rupa meM upalabdha haiN| __ Agama jJAna-vijJAna ke akSaya bhaMDAra hai| ve vItarAga prabhu kI vANI se nizrita haiN| unakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai| yaha vicAra magadha deza meM pracalita mAgadhI evaM anya pradezoM kI bhASAoM ke prabhAva se arddhamAgadhI kahA gyaa| ardhamAgadhI prAkRta ko pUrva meM ArSa kahA gayA, kyoMki mahAvIra ne janatA ke bIca meM jAkara jana-bhASA kA Azraya liyA aura usI jana-bhASA, loka-pracalita bhASA meM jo kucha kahA gayA, vaha ArSa khlaayaa| mUla bhASA ke prayogoM meM bheda ho jAnA, usameM parivartana ho jAnA, mizraNa ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai, parantu AgAmoM ke ciMtana, manana evaM vibhinna aMzoM evaM vAkyoM ke prayoga se AgamoM kI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #180
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 151 sUtra zailI, isa bAbata saMketa karatI hai ki Agama ke sUtra vAkya se jur3e hue haiM, padoM meM lAlitya hai, kAvya tatva bhI ramaNIyatA se yukta hai, inameM chaMda mAdhurya hai, jJeya tatva kI bhI pramukhatA hai aura viSaya vivecana meM camatkAra hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti kA nAmakaraNa :- mUlataH prAkRta kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to isakA nAma vivAhapaNNati yA viyAhapaNNati nAma hai| isakA saMskRta rupa vyAkhyAprajJapti hotA hai| vyAkhyAkAroM ne isa graMtha kA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti kiyA hai, samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM vivAhapaNNatti nAma diyA gayA hai| SaTkhaMDAgama kI dhavalATIkA ke khaMDa -1, pustaka 1 meM AgamoM kI carcA karate hue vyAkhyAprajJapti ko viyAhapaNNatti (1/1/100) nAma diyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti kA eka pracalita nAma bhagavatI bhI hai, kyoMki TIkAkAroM ne vyAkhyAprajJapti se pUrva bhagavatI yA bhagavaI kA prayoga kiyA, isalie isakA nAma bhagavatI bhI hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti kA artha :- vivAhapaNNati yA viyAhapaNNati kA artha mUlataH bAdhArahita vastu tatva kA vivecana karanA hai| vivAdha arthAt nirbAdha rupa se yA prAmANika * rUpa se vastutatva kA prajJapti arthAt kathana karanA, vivAhapaNNati hai| dUsare rupa meM yaha bhI kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa Agama meM vizeSa vyAkhyAna yA vividha viSayoM kA vivecana ho, use vyAkhyAprajJapti kahate haiN| gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM isakI vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai : vizeSaiH bahuprakAraiH AkhyAtaM kimasti jIvaH kiM nAstijIvaH kimeko jIvaH kimaneko jIvaH kiM nityo jIvaH kimanityo jIvaH kiM vaktavyo jIvaH kimavaktavyoH jIvaH ityAdIni SaSThisahasra saMkhyAni bhagavadarhattIrthakarasannidhau gaNadharadevaprazna vAkyAni prajJApyante kathyante yasyAM sA vyAkhyAprajJaptinAmi / arthAt vi/vizeSa - nAnA prakAra ke jIva haiM, jIva nahIM haiM, jIva eka hai, jIva aneka haiM, jIva nitya hai, jIva anitya hai, bhagavana arhat tIrthaMkara ke pramukha gaNadharadeva dvArA pUche gae ityAdi sATha hajAra praznapUrNa vAkyoM kA vyAkhyA/ For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vyAkhyAna/kathana yA pratipAdana jisameM ho, usakA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| nAmakaraNa kI dRSTi se aMgapaNNatti meM jo kucha kahA gayA vaha gommaTasAra kI vyAkhyA kI taraha hai, parantu isake nAmakaraNa ke do rupa milate haiM - "vivAyapaNNati aura vivaahpnnnnti|" vivAya kA artha vipAka bhI hotA hai yadi yaha zabda liyA jAtA hai to vipAka kA artha paripAka bhI hai| arthAt jisa Agama meM viziSTa rupa se yA nAnA prakAra se karma prakRtiyoM, jIvAdi tatvoM para vicAra kiyA gayA ho, usakA nAma vivAyapaNNati hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti kA AkhyAna :- vivAhapaNNati NAma aMgaM dohi lakkhehi aTThAvIsa-sahassehi padehi kimatthi jIvo, kiM Natthi jIvo, iccevamAiyAI saTThi-vAyaraNa sahassANi pruvedi| (SaT . 1/1/102) / vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka aMga grantha meM do lAkha aTThAIsa hajAra padoM ke mAdhyama se jIva kyA hai? jIva kyA nahIM hai? ityAdi rupa se sATha hajAra praznoM kA vyAkhyAna hai| aMgaprajJapti graMtha meM naya kI apekSA se praznoM ke uttara dene kI bAta kahI gaI hai| sATha hajAra praznoM ke uttara kI alaga-alaga saMkhyA bhI nirdiSTa kI gaI hai : (ka) aMga (do lAkha aTThAisa hajAra) / (kha) zloka (gyAraha nIla, causaTha kharaba, ikyAsI araba, unahattara karor3a, saiMtIsa lAkha, do hajAra pramANa) (ga) akSara (372741419864000) saMjJA prayojana, lakSaNa, viSaya vastu varNana, vivecana, saMzaya nivAraNa Adi pratyuttara ke rupa meM hone se vyAkhyAprajJapti kA mahatva bar3ha jAtA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti kI vyutpati :- vi+A+khyA+prAjJapti arthAt jisa Agama meM vividha prakAra se vastu kA AkhyAna pUrvaka prazna karake jo samAdhAna diyA jAtA hai, vaha vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| __ vyAkhyAprajJapti :- (vyAkhyA + prajJA + Apti) vyAkhyA kA artha kathana hai, prajJA kA artha jJAna hai aura Apti kA artha grahaNa karanA hai? arthAt vyAkhyA karane For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 153 meM prajJa janoM ke dvArA jo jJAna vyakta kiyA gayA hai usakA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ko bhagavatI bhI kahA gayA hai| viSaya pratipAdana :- vyAkhyAprajJapti meM vividha viSayoM kA sUtrAtmaka dRSTi se kathana kiyA gayA hai| isake samagra vivecana, kathana yA vastu varNana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa Agama meM jIva, jagata, tatva - vijJAna, jJAna - mImAMsA, AcAra-mImAMsA, bhaugolika varNana, khagola vivecana, gaNitIya dRSTi, dharma tatva, , karma siddhAnta, samAja, saMskRti, rAjanIti Adi jJAna - vijJAna ke 36000 prazna haiM aura una praznoM kA samAdhAna Adhunika vaijJAnika jagat ke lie atyanta vicAraNIya hai| isameM Aja kI jaTilatama samasyA paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa kI mAnI gaI hai| yadi isa bAta para gaMbhIratA se vicAra karate haiM to isake samAdhAna ke sUtra bhI isa Agama grantha meM sarvatra vidyamAna haiN| jahA~ Agama ke sUtroM meM jIva tatva ko mahatva diyA hai, vahIM pRthvI, jala agni, vAyu aura samasta prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM kA ullekha karake yaha bhI saMketa kiyA hai ki puDhavI jIvA (vyA. 9 / pRSTha 511) pRthvI jIva hai, yaha sacita hai, isameM cetanA zakti hai, isake dohana se kucha samaya ke lie khanija tatva, Ananda pradAna kara sakate haiM, parantu ve hI tatva bhUgarbha ko khokhalA kara dete haiM, jisase na kevala pRthvI ke khanija tatvoM kA abhAva hotA hai, apitu pRthvI dohana se jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatiyA~ bhI prabhAvita hotI haiN| ataH isa Agama ke pariveza meM eka se eka vicAraNIya hI nahIM, apitu vaijJAnika tathya isa bAta ko puSTa karate haiM ki jo bhI naisargika tatva haiM, unakA sabhI taraha se saMrakSaNa honA cAhie, naisargika tatvoM ke saMrakSaNa se hamArI bhaugolika paristhitiyA~ bhI banI raheMgI evaM samasta prANa tatva se yukta jIva rAziyA~ bhI surakSita evaM saMrakSita ho skeNgii| vyAkhyAprajJapti kA prArambha : namo arahaMtANaM namo siddhANaM namo AyariyANaM namo uvajjhAyANaM namo loe savvasAhUNaM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isa prathama sUtra meM arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, parameSThI sUcaka haiM, inheM paramapada meM sthita hone ke kAraNa parameSThI kahA gayA hai| yaha anAdi maMtra hai, isakA prathama prayoga sUtra kI nirvighna samAdhi ke lie kiyA gayA hai| "namo baMbhIe livIe" paMca padoM ke bAda brAhmI lipi ke lie namana kiyA gayA hai, jo sabase prAcIna evaM prAmANika lipi hai| sarvaprathama jo kucha bhI kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sarvajJa kA kathana artha rUpa meM hotA hai| isake anantara arhata prabhu ke pramukha gaNadhara unheM sUtrabaddha karate haiN| kaunasI lipi, lipi hotI hai, yaha nizcita nahIM parantu akSara samUha kA nAma lipi kahalAtI hai| ataH una akSaroM se nirmita padoM ke anusAra "namo baMbhIe livIe'' aisA pada dekara akSara sthApanA ko mahatva diyA hai| "namo suyassa" zruta ko nmn| yaha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki zruta, zAstra, Agama, siddhAnta Adi jo kucha bhI hamAre sAmane upasthita haiM, vaha arhata prabhu ke paramajJAna se utpanna hai, jisameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| zruta meM bhI aMga aura aMga bAhya ye do bheda prasiddha haiN| aMga graMthaM meM AcArAMga Adi bAraha sUtra graMtha Ate haiM, jinheM dvAdazAMgI kahA gyaa| una dvAdazAMgI meM vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka paMcama aMga kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti kI varNana paddhati :- isa aMga Agama meM eka zrutaskaMdha hai, eka sau eka adhyayana haiM, 10,000 upadezana kAla haiM, 10000 samuddezana kAla haiM, una sabhI meM 36,000 prazna haiM tathA unameM unake uttara bhI haiM, isake padoM kI saMkhyA 2,28,000 hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke adhyayana kA nAma zataka hai| ina zatakoM kI varNana paddhati ke prAraMbha meM pRthaka-pRthaka sUciyA~ dI gaI haiN| jaise:rAyagiha calaNa, dukkhe kaMkhapaose ya pagati puddhviio| jAMvate neraie bAle gurue ya clnnaao| ... rAjagRha nagara, calana, dukha, kAMkSApradoSa, karma prakRti, pRthvI yAvata nairyaka, bAla, guruka aura calana, prathama zataka ke ina dasa uddezakoM meM rAjagRha nagara ke viSaya meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 155 prazna hai ki rAjagRha nagara kahAM hai, taba usakA samAdhAna karate hue usake vaibhava Adi kA varNana kiyA, usako uttara va pUrva ke dizA bhAga meM kahane kA saMketa kiyA hai, isI saMketa ke sAtha-sAtha zreNika rAjA, rAnI celaNA, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, gautama, unakI pariSad, sabhA, sabhA kI sthiti Adi ke sAtha-sAtha mahAvIra ke vyaktitva para prakAza DAlA gyaa| gautama svAmI kI zArIrika, mAnasika va AdhyAtmika sthiti kA bhI kathana kiyA gyaa| isI prasaMga meM calana (karma kI udayAvalI) udIraNa, vedanA, prahANa, chedana, bhedana, dagdha, mRta, nijIrNa, ekArtha aura ghoSa svara ina nau padoM ke mAdhyama se karma sthiti ko bhI vyakta kiyA gyaa| anya alaga-alaga viSayoM ke vivecana meM karmoM kI vividha sthiti para prakAza DAlA gayA, unake dvAra, unakI sthiti, avagAhanA, lezyA Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM pratipAdita viSaya :- bhagavatI sUtra ke sabhI zatakoM meM aitihAsika, bhaugolika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika, sAMskRtika Adi viSayoM kA vizleSaNa sarvatra prApta hotA hai| isa Agama ke sUtroM meM vividha prakAra ke jIvoM aura unase saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA paryApta vivecana bhI milatA hai| isake aMtargata mata-matAntara yA vAda-vivAda ke viSaya bhI praznottara zailI meM vyakta kie gae haiN| anya matAvalambiyoM meM maMkhalI gozAlaka, jamAlI, zivarAjarSi, jayantI, skandala Adi ke vicAroM kA samAdhAna bhI diyA gayA hai, isameM tatkAlIna zramaNopAsakoM va upAsikAoM dvArA pUche gae vividha praznoM kA saiddhAntika nirAkaraNa atyanta . mahatvapUrNa hai| zailIgata adhyayana :- vyAkhyAprajJapti kI jJapti meM praznottara zailI hai, isameM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| praznottara zailI meM jisa taraha se prazna kie gae usI taraha ke samadhAna saMkSipta rUpa meM aura kahIM-kahIM vyApaka rupa meM kiye gae haiN| pRthvIkAya ke vivecana meM prazna kiyA gayA ki pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI sthiti kitane samaya taka rahatI hai, taba usakA uttara diyA gayA ki pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI sthiti jaghanya se aMtarmuhUrta va utkRSTa se 22000 varSa kI hai| mAtra isa kathana yA prazna ke samAdhAna ke sAtha viSaya ko nahIM chor3a diyA, apitu pRthvI kyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai? pRthvI kA svarUpa kyA hai, vaha kaise AhAra grahaNa karatI hai? vaha kaise zvAsa letI hai? usameM kitane prakAra ke bala haiM? vaha kitane prakAra kI haiM? ityAdi vivecana isa bAta ko bhI pramANita karatA hai ki pRthvI meM sparzana hai, bala kI dRSTi se kAyabala hai, usakA bhI Ayukarma hotA hai tathA vaha bhI pratisamaya zvAsa letI hai aura zvAsa chor3atI hai, pRthvI vividha prakAra kI hai yadi khara pRthvI hai to usakI Ayu bAIsa hajAra varSa kI kahI gaI hai| snigdha pRthvI kI Ayu 1000 varSa, zuddha pRthvI kI 12,000 varSa, bAlukA pRthvI kI 14000 varSa, manaHzilA pRthvI kI 16,000 varSa evaM zarkarA pRthvI kI 18000 varSa mAnI gaI hai| ataH praznottara zailI ke mUla meM prazna va unake samAdhAna sarala se saralatama tathA vyApaka rupa meM samajhAe gae haiN| ____ varNanAtmaka zailI :- vyAkhyAprajJapti meM viSaya varNana kI pradhAnatA bhI hai| jaise :- pramANApravajjA ke samaya meM kaunase deva upasthita hue, rAjA-yuvarAja, talavara, mAMDavika, kauTumbika, zreSThI sAtavAha Adi kitane Ae aura kisa prakAra kA unhoneM tapa kiyaa| bAla tapasvI, tAmalI ke kathAnaka meM ciMtana kI abhivyakti hai| vivecanAtmaka zailI :- vyAkhyAprajJapti kA viSaya hI vivecana karane kA hai isalie isake pratyeka prazna ke sAtha jo uttara diyA gayA, usameM vivecana bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| jIva ke laghutA va gurutA ke prasaMga meM prANAtipAda, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, preya, dveSa, kalaha, abhyakhyAna, paizUnya, rati-arati, para-parivAda, mAyA-mRSA aura mithyAdarzanazalya ina aThAraha pApa sthAnoM kA saMketa isameM ullikhita hai| upadezAtmaka zailI :- Agama ke mUla meM upadeza kI bhI pradhAnatA rahatI hai isalie jahA~ para kisI kathAnaka ko AdhAra banAyA gayA vahA~ upadeza svAbhAvika rupa se A gayA hai| piMgala nirgrantha ke kathAnaka meM kyA loka sAnta hai, jIva sAnta hai, siddhi zAnta hai, siddha sAnta hai aura kisa maraNa se maratA huA jIva saMsAra bar3hAtA hai? ina praznoM kA kevala samAdhana hI nahIM, apitu unake kAraNa upadeza rupa meM bhI samajhAe gae haiN| skandhaka kI saMlekhanA bhAvanA ke saMdarbha meM bhI isI taraha kA vivecana huA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 157 vastutatva vivecana zailI :- vyAkhyAprajJapti ke pratyeka prasaMga meM vastutatva kA bhI vivecana huA hai| terahaveM zataka ke cauthe uddezaka meM loka ke svarUpa kA vAstavika vivecana kaI prakAra kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| astikAya ke pradeza, paramANu, sparza meM gaNanA ko bhI mahatva diyA gayA hai| bhASA vivecana meM bhASA ko AtmA yA jIva, yaha prazna karake usakA samAdhAna karate hue yahI kahA gayA ki jo bolate samaya bolI jAtI hai, vaha bhASA kahalAtI hai| bolane se pUrva bhASA nahIM kahalAtI hai, yaha arUpI hai, pudgala kA viSaya hai, isI taraha ke jitane bhI vicAra haiM, unake mUla meM vastutatva kA vivecana hI mahatvapUrNa hai| vicArAtmaka zailI :- vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAna-vijJAna kA mahAsamudra hai| isa samudra meM jitane prazna, usase kahIM adhika usake samAdhAna nae-nae vicAroM ko utpanna karate haiN| yadi lezyA kI samasta varNana zailI para dRSTi DAlate haiM to yahI vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki isa saMsAra meM jitane prakAra ke loga haiM utane hI prakAra ke unake vicAra haiM, unakI pravRti hai| : AdhyAtmapradhAna zailI :- kucha prasaMgoM ko chor3akara saMpUrNa vyAkhyAprajJapti meM AtmA/jJAna kA hI Aloka hai isalie isakA vivecana AtmA se jur3A hone ke kAraNa AdhyAtmika zailI se yukta hai| sUtrAtmaka zailI :- yaha sUtra graMtha hai isalie saMkSipta meM hI prazna kiyA gayA aura usakA samAdhAna bhI usI ke anurUpa sarala rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gyaa| kiM jarA soge? yaha prazna hai usakA saMkSipta samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA gayA"jIvANaM jarAvi sogevi", arthAt jIvoM meM jarA bhI hai aura zoka bhii| isa sUtra se ekendriya jIva se lekara paMcendriya, deva, nArakI va tiryaMca ke jarA tathA zoka kA bodha ho jAtA hai| bhASA zailI :- bhASA arthAt kathana paddhati meM nimna vizeSatAe~ hai :1. saMkSiptIkaraNa kI bhaavnaa| 2. dRSTAntaparaka pddhti| For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 3. vyAkhyAtmaka mUlyoM kI sthaapnaa| 4. zataka kA pRthaka-pRthaka uddezakoM meM vibhaajn| 5. gaNanA prakriyA me gaNitIya rekhaaeN| 6. vastu vivecana meM syAdvAda kI abhivykti| 7.. kathAnaka ke mUla meM prAmANika dRsstti| 8. siddhAnta vivecana meM tathyAtmaka prdrshn| 9. viSaya pratipAdana meM sUkSma se sUkSma ghraaii| ___ vyAkhyAprajJapti kI bhASA :- yaha ArSa-vacana kA sUtra hai, isakI prAkRta ArSa hai| zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI va pAlI ye tIna bhASAe~ ArSa mAnI gaI haiM, ina tInoM meM se isake mUla meM ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA vaiziSTaya hai, jo aMga Agama graMtha kA mUla bhASA srota hai| aMga-upAMga, mUlasUtra, chedasUtra Adi jitane bhI Agama haiM, ve sabhI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti kI sUtra zailI meM bhI arddhamAgadhI bhASA hI hai| kahIM-kahIM para zaurasenI evaM mahArASTrI ke prayoga bhI milate haiN| isake gadyoM meM chaMdAtmakatA bhI hai tathA sUtroM meM gati virAma bhI hai| isakI gadyAtmaka bhASA yadyapi kathAsvarUpa ko nahIM lie hue hai phira bhI isameM jaba prazna kiyA jAtA haiM taba eka hI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki kyA-kyA pratipAdana saMbhava hai? isa taraha vyAkhyA ke vyAkhyAna meM jisa bhASA vaibhava ko dekhA gayA, usase yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki isameM dezI zabda bhI haiM, ataH isa vizAlakAya jJAna-vijJAna ke graMtha kI bhASA evaM viSaya ke mUlyAMkana evaM zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| - piUkuMja glAsa phaikTrI, aravinda nagara, udayapura - 313 001 (rAja.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jJAtAdharmakathA : eka samIkSA adhyayana - pro. premasumana jaina prAkRta bhASA ke prAcIna granthoM meM ardhamAgadhI meM likhita aMgagrantha prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti aura ciMtana ke kramika vikAsa ko jAnane ke lie mahatvapUrNa sAdhana haiN| aMga granthoM meM jJAtAdharmakathA kA viziSTa mahatva hai| kathA aura darzana kA yaha saMgama grantha hai| isa grantha ke nAma meM bhI isakA viSaya aura mahatva chipA huA hai| udAharaNa pradhAna dharma kathAoM kA yaha pratinidhi grantha hai| jJAtaputra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dharma kathAoM ko prastuta karane vAle isa grantha kA nAma jJAtAdharmakathA sArthaka hai| vidvAnoM ne anya dRSTiyoM se bhI isa grantha ke nAmakaraNa kI samIkSA kI hai| - dRSTAnta evaM dharma kathAe~ :- Agama granthoM meM kathA-tatva ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se jJAtAdharmakathA meM paryApta sAmagrI hai| isameM vibhinna dRSTAnta evaM dharma kathAe~ haiM, jinake mAdhyama se jaina tatva-darzana ko sahaja rupa meM jana-mAnasa taka pahu~cAyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA Agamika kathAoM kA pratinidhi grantha hai| isameM kathAoM kI vividhatA hai aura praur3hatA bhii| meghakumAra thAvaccAputra, mallI tathA dropadI kI kathAe~ aitihAsika vAtAvaraNa prastuta karatI haiN| pratibuddharAjA, arhannaka vyApArI, rAjA rUkmI, svarNakAra kI kathA, citrakAra kathA, cokhA parivrAjikA Adi kathAe~ mallI kI kathA kI avAntara kathAeM haiN| mUlakathA ke sAtha avAntara-kathA kI paramparA kI jAnakArI ke lie jJAtAdharmakathA AdhAra bhUta strota hai| ye kathAeM kalpanA-pradhAna evaM soddezya haiN| isI taraha jinapAla evaM jinarakSita kI kathA, tetalIputra-suSamA kI kathA evaM puNDarIka kathA kalpanA pradhAna kathAe~ haiN| ..jJAtAdharmakathA meM dRSTAnta aura rupaka kathAe~ bhI haiN| mayUroM ke aNDoM ke dRSTAMta se zraddhA aura dhairya ke phala ko prakaTa kiyA gayA haiN| do kachuoM ke udAharaNa se saMyamI aura asaMyamI sAdhaka ke pariNAmoM ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai| tumbe ke dRSTAnta se karmavAda ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ye dRSTAnta kathAe~ paravartI sAhitya ke lie preraNA pradAna karatI haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isa grantha meM kucha rupaka kathAe~ bhI haiN| dUsare adhyayana kI kathA dhannA sArthavAha evaM cora kI kathA hai| yaha AtmA aura zarIra ke saMbaMdha kA rupaka hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kI rohiNI kathA pA~ca vratoM kI rakSA aura vRddhI ko rupaka dvArA prastuta karatI hai| udakajAta nAmaka kathA saMkSipta hai kintu isameM jala-zuddhi kI prakriyA dvArA eka hI padArtha ke zubha evaM azubha donoM rupoM ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| anekAnta ke siddhAnta ko samajhAne ke lie yaha bahuta upayogI hai| nandIphala kI kathA yadyapi ardha kathA hai kintu isameM rupaka kI pradhAnatA hai| samudrI azvoM ke rupaka dvArA lubhAvane viSayoM ke svarupa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyayana meM karmavAda jaise guru gaMbhIra viSaya ko rupaka ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| gaNadhara gautama kI jijJAsA ke samAdhAna meM bhagavAn ne tUMbe ke udAharaNa se isa bAta para prakAza DAlA ki miTTI ke lepa se bhArI banA huA tUMbA jala meM DUba jAtA hai aura lepa haTane se vaha punaH tairane lagatA hai| vaise hI karmoM ke lepa se AtmA bhArI banakara saMsAra-sAgara meM DUbatA hai aura usa lepa se mukta hokara urdhvagati karatA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM candra ke udAharaNa se pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jaise kRSNapakSa meM candra kI cAru caMdrikA maMda aura maMdatara hotI hai aura zuklapakSa meM vahI caMdrikA abhivRddhi ko prApta hotI hai vaise hI candra ke sadRza karmoM kI adhikatA se AtmA kI jyoti maMda hotI hai aura karma kI jyoM-jyoM nyUnatA hotI hai tyoM-tyoM usakI jyoti adhikAdhika jagamagAne lagatI hai| jJAtAdharmakathA pazukathAoM ke lie bhI udgama grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa eka hI grantha meM hAthI, azva, kharagoza, kachue, mayUra, meMDhaka, siyAra Adi ko kathAoM ke pAtroM ke rupa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| meruprabha hAthI ne ahiMsA kA jo udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM anyatra durlabha hai| jJAtAdharmakathA ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM yadyapi 206 sAdhviyoM kI kathAe~ haiM kintu unake DhAMce, nAma, upadeza Adi eka-se haiM kevala kAlI kI kathA pUrNa kathA hai| nArI-kathA kI dRSTi se yaha kathA mahatvapUrNa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 161 jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna pakSa aMkita hue haiN| prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM, kAvyAtmaka prayogoM, vibhinna kalAoM aura vidyAoM, sAmAjika jIvana aura vANijya vyApAra Adi ke saMbaMdha meM isa grantha meM eka - se vivaraNa upalabdha haiM jo prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM abhinava prakAza DAlate haiN| isa grantha ke sUkSma sAMskRtika adhyayana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isa dizA meM kArya bhI kiyA hai, jo Age ke adhyayana ke lie sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa meM grantha meM aMkita katipaya sAMskRtika binduoM ko ujAgara karane kA prayatna hai| .. bhASA aura lipi :- isa grantha meM pramukha rupa se ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA prayoga huA hai kintu sAtha hI anya prAkRtoM ke tatva bhI isameM upalabdha haiN| dezI zabdoM kA prayoga isa grantha kI bhASA ko samRddha banAtA hai| isa grantha meM prastuta kathAoM ke mAdhyama se yaha tathya bhI sAmane AtA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM sampanna aura saMskArita vyakti ke lie bahubhASAvida honA gaurava kI bAta hotI thii| meghakumAra ko vividha prakAra kI aThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA vizArada kahA gayA hai| ye aThAraha dezI bhASAe~ kauna-sI thI, isa bAta kA jJAna AThavIM zatAbdI ke prAkRta grantha kuvalayamAlA ke vivaraNa se patA calatA hai| yadyapi aThAraha lipiyoM ke nAma vibhinna prAkRta granthoM meM prApta ho jAte haiN| ina lipiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM abhI taka koI prAcIna zilAlekha bhI upalabdha nahIM huA hai, isase bhI yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye sabhI lipiyA~ prAcIna samaya meM hI lupta ho gaI, yA ina lipiyoM kA sthAna brAhmIlipi ne le liyA hogaa| kuvalayamAlA meM udyotanasUri ne golla, madhyapradeza, magadha, antarvedi, kIra, Dhakka, sindhu, karU, gurjara, lATa, mAlavA, karnATaka, tAiya (tAjika), kozala, marahaTTa aura Andhra ina solaha bhASAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI solaha gAthAoM meM una bhASAoM ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| DaoN. e. mAsTara kA sujhAva hai ki ina solaha bhASAoM meM auDU aura drAviDI bhASAe~ milA dene se aThAraha bhASAe~ ho jAtI haiM, jo dezI haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kalA aura dharma :- jJAtAdharmakathA meM vibhinna kalAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| 72 kalAoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai, jisakI paramparA paravartI prAkRta granthoM meM bhI prApta hai|' ina kalAoM meM se aneka kalAoM kA vyAvahArika prayoga bhI isa grantha ke vibhinna varNanoM me prApta hotA hai| malli kI kathA meM utkRSTa citrakalA kA vivaraNa prApta hai| citrazAlAoM ke upayoga bhI samAja meM pracalita the| jJAtAdharmakathA yadyapi dharma aura darzana-pradhAna grantha hai| isameM vibhinna dhArmika siddhAntoM aura darzanika matoM kA vivecana bhI hai| samAja meM aneka matoM ko mAnane vAle dhArmika pracAraka hote the, jo vyApAriyoM ke sAtha vibhinna sthAnoM kI yAtrA kara apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karate the| dhanya sArthavAha kI samudra yAtrA ke samaya aneka parivrAjaka usake sAtha gae the| yadyapi ina parivAjikoM ke nAma evaM pahacAna Adi anya granthoM se prApta hotI hai| brAhmaNa aura zramaNa jaise dhArmika mata unameM pramukha the| Age calakara aise dhArmika pracArakoM kI eka sthAna para rAjA ke samakSa apane-apane matoM kI parIkSA bhI pracalita ho gaI thii| dhArmika dRSTi se jJAtAdharmakathA meM vaidika paramparA meM pracalita zrIkRSNa kathA kA bhI vistAra se varNana huA . hai| zrIkRSNa, pAMDava, dropadI, Adi pAtroM ke saMskArita jIvana ke aneka prasaMga varNita haiN| isa grantha meM pahalI bAra zrIkRSNa ke narasiMha rupa kA varNana hai, jabaki vaidika granthoM meM viSNu kA narasiMhAvatAra pracalita hai| ... samAja sevA aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa : - isa graMtha ke dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM bhI samAja sevA aura paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke prati sampanna parivAroM kA rujhAna dekhane ko milatA hai| rAjagRha ke nivAsI nanda maNikAra dvArA eka aisI vApI kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thA jo samAja ke sAmAnya varga ke lie sabhI prakAra kI sukha-suvidhAe~ upalabdha karAtI thii| vartamAna yuga meM jaise sampanna loga zahara se dUra vAr3I kA nirmANa karAte haiM usI taraha yaha puSkaraNI vApikA thii| usake cAroM ora manoraMjana pArka the| unameM vibhinna kalAdIrghAeM aura manoraMjana zAlAe~ thii| rAhagIroM aura rogiyoM ke lie cikitsA-kendra bhI the|' isa prakAra kA vivaraNa bhale hI dhArmika dRSTi se Asakti kA kAraNa rahA ho, kintu samAja sevA aura paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke lie preraNAprada hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 163 jJAtAdharmakathA meM prApta isa prakAra ke sAMskRtika vivaraNa tatkAlIna unnata samAja ke paricAyaka haiN| inase vibhinna prakAra ke vaijJAnika prayogoM kA bhI patA calatA hai| cikitsA ke kSetra meM solaha pramukha mahArogoM aura unakI cikitsA ke vivaraNa Ayurveda ke kSetra meM naI jAnakArI dete haiN| kucha aise prasaMga bhI haiM jahA~ isa prakAra ke teloM ke nirmANa kI prakriyA kA varNana hai jo saiMkar3oM jar3I bUTiyoM ke prayoga se nirmita hote the| unameM hajAroM svarNamudrAe~ kharca hotI thI / aise zatapAka evaM sahasrapAka teloM kA ullekha isa graMtha meM hai| isI graMtha ke bArahaveM adhyayana meM jalazuddhi kI prakriyA kA bhI varNana upalabdha hai jo gaTara ke azuddha jala ko sApha kara zuddha jala meM parivartita karatI hai| yaha prayoga isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki saMsAra meM koI vastu yA vyakti sarvathA azubha nahIM hai, ghRNA kA pAtra nahIM hai / vyApAra evaM bhUgola :- prAcIna bhArata meM vyApAra evaM vANijya unnata avasthA meM the| dezI evaM videzI donoM prakAra ke vyApAroM meM sAhasI vaNika putra utsAhapUrvaka apanA yogadAna karate the| jJAtAdharmakathA meM isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga varNita haiN| samudrayAtrA dvArA vyApAra karanA usa samaya pratiSThA samajhI jAtI thI / sampanna vyApArI apane sAtha pU~jI dekara una nirdhana vyApAriyoM ko bhI sAtha meM le jAte the, jo vyApAra meM kuzala hote the| samudrayAtrA ke prasaMga meM potapaTTana aura jalapattana jaise bandaragAhoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| vyApAra ke lie vibhinna prakAra kI vastue~ jahAja meM bharakara vyApArI le jAte the aura videza se ratna kamAkara lAte the| azvoM kA bhI vyApAra hotA thaa| isa prasaMga meM azva vidyA kI vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| 15 dharmakathA kI vibhinna kathAoM meM jo bhaugolika vivaraNa prApta hotA hai vaha prAcIna bhAratIya bhUgola ke lie vizeSa upayoga kA hai| rAjagRhI" campA,' vArANasI, dvArikA, mithilA, hastinApura, sAketa, mathurA, zrAvastI, Adi pramukha prAcIna nagaroM ke varNana kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se jitane mahatva ke haiM, utane hI bhaugolika dRSTi se bhii| rAjagRha ke prAcIna nAma giribraja, vasumati, bArhadratapurI, magadhapura, barAya, vRSabha, RSigirI, caityaka bimbasArapurI aura kuzAgrapura the / bimbasAra ke zAsanakAla meM rAjagRha meM Aga laga jAne se vaha jala gaI isalie rAjadhAnI hetu navIna rAjagRha For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA nirmANa krvaayaa| ina nagaroM meM paraspara AvAgamana ke mArga kyA the aura inakI sthiti kyA thI isakI jAnakArI bhI eka zodhapUrNa adhyayana kA viSaya banatI hai| vibhinna parvatoM, nadiyoM, vanoM, ke vivaraNa bhI isa grantha meM upalabdha haiM kucha aise nagara bhI haiM, jinakI pahacAna abhI karanA zeSa hai| . sAmAjika dhAraNAe~ :- isa graMtha meM sAmAjika, rItirivAjoM, khAna-pAna, vezabhUSA evaM dhArmika tathA sAmAjika dhAraNAoM se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI bhI ekatra kI jA sakatI hai| mahArAnI dhAriNI kI kathA meM svapnadarzana aura usa ke phala para vipula sAmagrI prApta hai| jainadarzana ke anusara svapna kA mUla kAraNa darzanamohanIya karma kA udaya hai| darzanamoha ke kAraNa mana meM rAga aura dveSa kA spandana hotA hai, citta caMcala banatA hai| zabda Adi viSayoM se saMbaMdhita sthUla aura sUkSma vicAra-taraMgoM se . mana prakapita hotA hai| saMkalpa-vikalpa yA viSayonmukhI vRttiyAM itanI prabala ho jAtI hai ki nIMda Ane para bhI zAMti nahIM hotii| indriyAM so jAtI haiM, kintu mana kI vRttiyA~ bhaTakatI rahatI haiN| ve aneka viSayoM kA cintana karatI rahatI haiN| vRttiyoM kI isa prakAra kI caMcalatA hI svapna hai| AcArya jinasena ne svastha avasthA vAle aura asvastha avasthA vAle, ye do svapna ke prakAra mAne haiN| jaba zarIra pUrNa svastha hotA hai to mana pUrNa zAMta rahatA hai, usa samaya jo svapna dIkhatA hai vaha svastha avasthA vAlA svapna hai| aise svapna bahuta hI kama Ate haiM aura ye prAyaH satya hote haiN| mana vikSipta ho aura zarIra asvastha ho, usa samaya dekhe gaye svapna asatya hote haiM te ca svapnA dvidhA bhrAtA svsthaasvsthaatmgocraaH,| samastu dhAtubhiH svasvaviSame ritare mtaa|| tathyA syuH svasthasaMdRSTA mithyA svapno vipryyaat,| jagatpratItametaddhi viddhi svpnvimrshn|| - mahApurANa, 41-59/60 isI prakAdhAriNI ke dohada kI bhI vistRta vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| upavana bhramaNa kA dohada bar3A sArthaka hai| dohada kI isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ Agama sAhitya meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 165 anya sthAnoM paraM bhI AI haiN| jaina kathA sAhitya meM, bauddha jAtakoM meM aura vaidika paramparA ke graMthoM meM dohada kA aneka sthAnoM para varNana hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaba mahilA garbhavatI hotI hai taba garbha ke prabhAva se usake antarmAnasa meM vividha prakAra kI icchAe~ ubuddha hotI haiN| ye vicitra aura asAmAnya icchAe~ dohada kahI jAtI haiN| dohada ke lie saMskRta sAhitya meM dvihada bhI AyA hai| dvihada kA artha hai- do hadaya ko dhAraNa karane vaalii| aMgavijjA jaina sAhitya kA eka mahatvapUrNa graMtha hai| usa graMtha meM vividha dRSTiyoM se dohadoM ke saMbaMdha meM gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai| jitane bhI dohada utpanna hote haiM unheM pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- zabdagata, gaMdhagata, rupagata, rasagata, aura sprshgt| kyoMki ye hI mukhya indriyoM ke viSaya haiM aura inhIM kI dohadoM meM pUrti kI jAtI hai|| nauveM adhyayana meM vibhinna prakAra ke zakunoM kA ullekha hai| zakunadarzana jyotiSazAstra kA eka pramukha aMga hai| zakunadarzana kI paramparA prAgaitihAsika kAla se calatI A rahI haiM kathA-sAhitya kA avalokana karane se spaSTa hotA hai ki janma, vivAha, bahirgamana, gRhapraveza aura anyAnya mAMgalika prasaMgoM ke avasara para zakuna dekhane kA pracalana thaa| gRhastha to zukana dekhate hI the, zramaNa bhI zakuna dekhate the| deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke anusAra kisI sthiti meM eka vastu zubha mAnI jAtI hai aura vahI vastu dUsarI paristhitiyoM meM azubha bhI mAnI jAtI hai| etadartha zakuna vivecana karane vAle granthoM meM mAnyatA-bheda bhI prApta hotA hai| prakIrNaka grantha gaNividyA meM likhA hai bhI zakuMna muhUrta se bhI prabala hotA hai| jaMbUka, cAsa (nIlakaMTha), mayUra, bhAradvAja, nakula yadi dakSiNa dizA meM dikhalAI deM to sarvasaMpatti prApta hotI hai| isa graMtha meM pArivArika saMbaMdhoM aura zikSA tathA zAsana vyavasthA Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bhI paryApta sAmagrI upalabdha hai| dhAriNI ke zayanakakSa kA varNana sthApatya kalA aura vastrakalA kI amUlya nidhi hai| sandarbha :1. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathA (sampA - paM. zobhAcanda bhArilla), byAvara, 1989 ___ (kha) bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAoM (paM. dozI),pRSTha 180 For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA 2. 3. 4. 5. (ga) sTorIj phrAma da dharma oNpha nAyA (bevara), iMDiyana eMTIkyorI, 19 dhammakahANuyoga (muni kamala), bhAga 2 jaina AgamoM meM varNita bhAratIya samAja (je. sI. jaina), vArANasI aTThArasavihippagAradesI bhAsAvisArae, jJAtA., a. 1 kuvalayamAlAkahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana (pI. esa. jaina), vaizAlI, 1975 jJAtAdharmakathA (byAvara), bhUmikA ( devendramuni), pRSTha 38-40 samavAyAMga, samavAya 72 jJAtAdharmakathA, a. 16 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. jJAtAdharmakathA, a. 16 11. vahI, a. 13 12. vahI, a. 12 13. vahI, a. 17 kuvalayamAlAkahA, dharmaparIkSA abhiprAya 1 14. bhagavAna mahAvIra-eka anuzIlana (devendramuni) pRSTha 241-43 15. aupapAtikasUtra 16. jJAtAdharmakathA, a. 16 17. vahI, dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ullikhita nagara 18. jJAtAdharmakathA (byAvara), pRSTha 16 19. vahI, pRSTha 29-30 20. jJAtAdharmakathA, a. 9 adhiSThAtA sAmAjika vijJAna evaM mAnavikI mahAvidyAlaya sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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upAsakadazAMga kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. rajjana kumAra jaina vAGmaya Agama ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| AgamoM kA jaina paramparA meM vahI sthAna mAnya hai jo vaidika paramparA meM vaidoM kA aura bauddha mata meM piTakoM kA sthAna nirdhArita hai| jaina-paramparA, itihAsa aura saMskRti kI vizeSa nidhi Agama-zAstra hI hai| yaha atyanta vizAla aura samRddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha sarala evaM gUr3ha tathyoM se paripUrNa hai| prAyaH jainAgamoM meM sAMsArika bhogoM se virat rahakara vairAgya patha para calakara mukti prApta karane kA saMdeza hI milatA hai| parantu isameM laukika jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM para bhI paryApta ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM aMga sAhitya sarvapramukha haiM aura aMga sAhitya meM upAsakadazAMga eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isameM jaina zrAvakoM kI jIvanacaryA kA jIvaMta citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo jaina saMskRti kI viziSTatA kA paricAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| Agama kI paribhASA :- Agama Apta vacana haiM aura Apta vacana hone ke kAraNa yaha prAmANika hai| AgamoM ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ye gaNadharoM dvArA racita haiN| gaNadhara mahAvIra ke sAkSAt ziSya mAne jAte haiM jo mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko Agama ke rupa meM saMkalita karate haiN|' isa rupa meM Agama niHsaMdeha Apta vacana mAnA jA sakatA hai| astu Agama ko paribhASita karate hue ise Apta kA kathana kahA gayA hai| prArambha meM Agama ko zruta yA samyak zruta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA kAlAMtara meM yaha Agama ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| Agama ke lie aura bhI kaI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jisakA vivaraNa anuyogadvArasUtra evaM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM milatA hai| sUtra, graMtha, siddhAMta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA aadi| ye sAre zabda AgamoM ke vibhinna paryAyoM ke dyotaka mAne jA sakate haiN| isI ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya malayagiri likhate haiM - jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna prApta ho, vaha Agama hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM Agama ke svarupa para prakAza DAlate hue likhA gayA hai ki jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna prApta hotA hai, vaha zAstra, Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #197
168 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA Agama vargIkaraNa :- vartamAna meM hamAre samakSa AgamoM ke spaSTa evaM vargIkRta rupa upasthita haiM jabaki prAcIna kAla meM aisA spaSTa svarupa nahIM thA / AgamoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa kaba se prAraMbha huA thA ise kisane zurU kiyA isa saMbaMdha meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jaina sAhitya ke vRhada itihAsa nAmaka pustaka kI prastAvanA meM likhate haiM"sAmpratakAla meM zvetAmbaroM meM AgamoM kA jo vargIkaraNa prasiddha hai vaha kaba zurU huA, yA kisane zurU kiyA, yaha jAnane kA nizcita sAdhana upasthita nahIM hai| jahA~ taka jaina vAGgamaya kA prazna hai yaha do rUpoM meM vibhAjita rahA hai : 1. mahAvIra ke pUrva kA sAhitya / 2. mahAvIra tathA unake paravartI AcAryoM ke yuga kA sAhitya | mahAvIra ke pUrva jo sAhitya race gae unheM " pUrva" kahA jAtA hai aura inakI kula saMkhyA 14 hai jabaki mahAvIra ke samaya yA unake paravartI AcAryoM dvArA jo sAhitya race gae haiM unheM Agama kahate haiN| pUrva sAhitya to vicchinna ho gayA hai lekina jo Agama haiM unakA samyak rupa se vargIkaraNa huA hai| AgamoM kA vibhAjana do rUpoM meM huA hai'.: (ka) aMga-praviSTa evaM (kha) aMga bAhya aMga praviSTa ke aMtargata 12 aMgoM kA samAveza huA hai jabaki zeSa graMtha aMga-bAhya mAne gae haiN| eka anya dRSTi se AgamoM ke suttAgama, atthAgama, aMtArAgama, aNaMtarAgama - ye bheda bhI kie gae haiN| yaha vibheda lokottara Agama ke bheda haiN| isake saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki unake upadeza kA saMvAda bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke upadeza se hai tathA yaha bhI zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra ke AdhyAtmika saMdeza meM mUlataH koI bheda nahIM hai| bAhyAcAra meM kucha bheda bhale hI dikhatA ho|" anuyogadvArasUtra meM hI AgamoM ke tIna bheda bhI milate haiM 2suttAgama, atthAgama aura tdubhyaagm| AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda ke rupa meM jAnA jAtA hai| Agama ke isa vargabheda meM upAMga, mUla, cheda kA prAraMbha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 169 kyoM huA yaha eMka zodha kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| kyoMki Agama vargIkaraNa kA vivaraNa jo naMdIsUtra meM upalabdha hai usameM upAMga, mUla aura cheda zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| 3 mUla aura chedasUtroM kA vibhAjana kisa samaya huA prAyaH isakA bhI nizcaya nahIM huA hai| isI anukrama meM Agama vargIkaraNa ke aMtargata prakIrNaka sAhitya ko bhI samAviSTa kiyA jAne lgaa| isa prakAra jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gii| jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM aneka mata milate haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja mUla AgamoM ke sAtha kucha niyuktiyoM ko milAkara 45 Agama mAnatA hai aura koI 84 mAnate haiN| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paraMparA 32 ko hI pramANabhUta mAnatI hai| digambara samAja kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI Agama vicchinna ho gae haiM, paraMtu ve zaurasenI meM racita kucha graMthoM ko Agamatulya mAnate haiN| yahA~ hama zvetAmbara mAnya pramukha AgamoM ke nAma uddhRta kara rahe haiM 14 : : 12 aMga : 12 upAMga : 6 mUlasUtra : 6 chedasUtra : AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura dRSTivAda ( vichinna) / aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, nirayAvaliyA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA / AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, naMdI, anuyogadvAra, piNDa niryukti athavA oghniryukti| nizItha, mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, dazAzrutaskaMdha aura pNcklp| 10 prakIrNaka : AturapratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, taMdulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, devendrastava, gaNi-vidyA, mahApratyAkhyAna, catuHzaraNa, vIrastava aura saMstAraka / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
170 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sthAnakavAsI mAnya Agama 11 aMga + 12 upAMga + 6 mUlasUtra + 6 chedasUtra + 10 prakIrNaka = 45 Agama 11aMga + 12 upAMga + 4 mUlasUtra (dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, anuyoga -dvAra, naMdIsUtra) + 4 cheda (nizItha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha) + 1 AvazyakasUtra = 32 Agama 84 AgamoM kI avadhAraNA - 11 aMga + 12 upAMga + 6 mUla + 6 cheda + 10 prakIrNaka + kalpasUtra, yatikalpa, jItakalpa (somaprabhasUri) + zraddhAjIta kalpa (dharmaghoSa sUri) + maraNasamAdhi + siddhaprAbhRta + tIrthodgAra + ArAdhanApatAkA + dvIpasAgaraprajJapti + jyotiSakaraMDaka + aMgavidyA + tithi prakIrNaka + piNDa vizuddhi + sArAvalI + paryantArAdhanA + jIvavibhakti + kavaca prakaraNa + Avazyaka niyukti + dazavaikAlika niyukti + uttarAdhyayana niyukti + AcArAMga niyukti + sUtrakRtAMga niyukti + sUryapajJapti niyukti + bRhatkalpa niyukti +vyavahAra niyukti + dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti + RSibhASita-niyukti + saMsakta niyukti + vizeSAvazyaka bhaassy| cAra anuyoga :- vyAkhyAkrama, viSayagata bheda Adi kI dRSTi se AryarakSita sUri ne zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA, jo anuyoga kahalAte haiN| :1. caraNa-karaNAnuyoga : AcArAMga tathA prazna vyAkaraNa (2 aMga), dazavakAlika (1 mUlasUtra), nizItha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa evaM dazAzrutaskaMdha (4 chedasUtra) tathA Avazyaka-ye ATha sUtra Ate haiN| 2. dharmakathAnuyoga : 5 aMga - jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropa- pAtikadazA; 7 upAMga - aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, nirayAvalI, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #200
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 171 puSpacUlikA va vRSNidazA; 1 mUlasUtra - uttarAdhyayana kula 13 suutr| 3. gaNitAnuyoga : jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti - 3 upaaNg| 4. dravyAnuyoga : 4 aMga - sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga va vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI); 2 upAMga - jIvAbhigama va prajJApanA; 2 mUlasUtra - naMdI va anuyogadvAra kula 8 suutr| digambara paraMparA meM mAnya 4 anuyoga isa prakAra haiN|61. prathamAnuyoga : mahApurANa aura anya purANa 2. karaNAnuyoga : trilokaprajJapti, trilokasAra Adi 3. caraNAnuyoga : mUlAcAra Adi . 4. dravyAnuyoga : samayasAra pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra Adi ... vidvAnoM ne anuyogoM kI tulanA vaidika sAdhanA ke vibhinna pakSoM ke sAtha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| AcArya devendra muni kA mAnanA hai ki dravyAnuyoga kA saMbaMdha jJAnayoga se hai, caraNa-karaNAnuyoga kA karmayoga se, dharmakathAnuyoga kA bhaktiyoga se tathA gaNitAnuyoga mana ko ekAgra karane kI praNAlI hone se rAjayoga se milatA hai| ataH anuyogoM kI upayogitA Agama vargIkaraNa meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| ___ aMgasAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga :- upAsakadazAMga dvAdazAMgI kA sAtavA~ aMga hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlika 10 upAsakoM ke jIvana caritra kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa paraMparA meM zramaNoM kI upAsanA karane vAle gRhasthoM ko zramaNopAsaka yA upAsaka kahA jAtA hai isIlie isa aMga graMtha ko upAsakadazAMga nAma diyA gyaa| kyoMki dazA zabda dasa saMkhyA evaM avasthA kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
172 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA hai| vidyamAna aMgasUtroM va anya AgamoM meM mukhya rupa se zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcArAdi kA nirupaNa hI dikhAI detA hai| upAsakadazAMga hI eka aisA sUtra hai jisameM gRhastha dharma ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isase zrAvaka ke AgamakAlIna mUla AcAra evaM anuSThAna kA kucha patA laga sakatA hai| zramaNa- zramaNI ke AcAra anuSThAna kI hI bhAMti zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke AcAra- anuSThAna kA nirupaNa bhI anivArya hai kyoMki ye cAroM hI saMgha ke samAna staMbha haiN| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratiSThApita tIrtha kI sthApanA meM zramaNa varga kI hI taraha zrAvaka varga kI bhI samAna bhAgIdArI mAnI jAtI hai| inake abhAva meM tIrtha kI sthApanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH zrAvakoM ko bhI zramaNoM kI taraha zreSTha AcAra se yukta honA Avazyaka hai aura isake lie AcAra maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa anivArya hai / isa aMga graMtha meM isI viSaya para vistAra - se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yadyapi zramaNa varga zrAvakoM ke AdhyAtmika unnati ke pathapradarzaka mAne jAte haiM lekina unakI svayaM kI vidyamAnatA kA AdhAra yaha gRhastha varga hI hai| yahI zramaNavarga hetu anivArya AvazyakatAoM ko sulabha karAtA hai| zramaNa varga mahAvrata dhArI hone ke kAraNa jIvana rakSaNa hetu ve sAre prayatna nahIM kara sakate haiM. jo zrAvaka varga aNuvratadhArI hone ke kAraNa apanA sakate haiN| lekina zrAvakavarga ko ina sAre prayatnoM meM apane sadAcAra ko dRr3ha rakhanA cAhie tathA sampUrNa kArya nyAyasammata DhaMga se karanA caahie| kyoMki zrAvakadharma jitanA adhika sadAcAra se yukta hogA zramaNadharma kI paraMparA utanI hI adhika dRr3ha evaM zaktizAlI hogii| vivekavAn zrAvaka zramaNavarga ko apane karttavya se cyuta nahIM hone detA hai| vaha niraMtara unheM sAdhanApatha para agrasara hote rahane ke lie AlaMbana pradAna karatA rahatA hai| kisI taraha kI truTi hone para zrAvaka varga zramaNa ko unase sAvadhAna karatA hai| isakA jvalaMta udAharaNa upAsakadazAMga meM varNita zrAvaka AnaMda aura zramaNa gautama ke avadhijJAna saMbaMdhI ciMtana se liyA jAtA hai| zrAvaka varga kI upAdeyatA, usake vrata, AcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatA para prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha ekamAtra aMga grantha hai| ataH isa rupa meM aMga graMthoM meM isakA atyaMta mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 173 upAsakadazAMga meM varNita 10 zrAvaka : - upAsakadazAMga meM varNita 10 zrAvakoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 18 - 2. 1. Ananda, 4. surAdeva, 7. sakaDAlaputra, 10. saalihiipitaa| ye dasoM zrAvaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA se prabhAvita hokara zrAvaka dharma svIkAra kara lete haiM aura sAdhanAmaya jIvana jIne lagate haiN| sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke anukrama meM inake sAtha jo vizeSa ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, unakA yahA~ saMkSepa meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. 2. kAmadeva, 5. cullazataka, 8. mahAzataka, 3. culanIpitA, 6. kuMDakaulika, 9. nandinIpitA aura Ananda"- vANijyagrAma kA nivAsI gAthApati Ananda apanI ugra sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarupa avadhi jJAna prApta kara letA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama aura Ananda meM vArtAlApa hotA hai aura Ananda apane avadhijJAna ke saMbaMdha meM gautama ko batAtA hai| Ananda kA avadhijJAna atyaMta vistRta thA evaM gautama ke anusAra gRhastha / zrAvaka itanA vistRta avadhijJAna prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| Ananda gautama ko isa mithyA Aropa ke virUddha pazcAtApa karane ko kahatA hai| gautama apanI zaMkA mahAvIra ke samakSa prastuta karate haiM aura bhagavAna dvArA isakA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarupa gautama pazcAtApa karate haiN| kAmadeva20_ campAnagara ke gAthApati kAmadeva kI sAdhanA ko deva dvArA bhaMga karane kA pryaas| devakRta upasarga ke rupa meM pizAcarupI deva dvArA kAmadeva ke zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e karanA tathA tiryaMcakRta upasarga ke rupa meM hAthI aura sarpa ke dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa phuNcaanaa| pratyeka sthiti meM kAmadeva apane dharma patha para dRr3ha banA rhaa| - , 3. culanIpitA" vArANasI ke gAthApati culanIpitA ne putra hatyA ke kArya ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kiyA lekina mAtRvadha kI dhamakI se For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
174 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA apane vrata ko bhaMga kara letA hai| prAyazcita kA pAlana karate hue vaha punaH sAdhanA patha para dRr3ha hotA hai| 4. surAdeva2- surAdeva vArANasI kA nivAsI thaa| putra-hatyA kA vIbhatsa rupa ise apane sAdhanA patha se vicalita nahIM kara pAyA lekina deva dvArA 16 bhayaMkara roga eka sAtha zarIra meM utpanna kara dene kI dhamakI se apane vrata ko vaha khaMDita kara baitthaa| tatpazcAt prAyazcita karake punaH ArAdhanA meM tatpara huaa| 5. cullazataka:- AlabhikA nivAsI gAthApati zrAvaka cullazataka * ne deva dvArA putra hatyA kI bhayaMkara vedanA ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kiyA paraMtu apanI svarNa mudrAeM tathA anyAnya sampatti ko bikhera dene kI dhamakI se apane patha se vaha vicalita ho gyaa| bAda meM prAyazcita kA vidhAna karane ke pazcAt punaH sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara huaa| kuMDakaulika24- kAmpilyapura nivAsI gAthApati kuMDakaulika ko sAdhanA patha se vicalita karane ke lie deva dvArA gozAlaka mata kI prazaMsA, kuMDakaulika kA apane patha para dRDhatA ke sAtha sthira rahanA tathA tarkapUrNa DhaMga se niyativAda kA khaMDana karanA, deva kA nirUttara honaa| sakaDAlaputra-- polAsapura nivAsI AjIvaka matAnuyAyI gozAlaka ko zrAvaka vrata se vicalita karane ke lie svayaM gozAlaka dvArA asaphala prytn| bAda meM deva dvArA putra hatyA ke ghRNita karma ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA lekina patnI-vadha kI dhamakI se vrata ko khaMDita kara lenaa| bhagna vrata meM punaH sthita hokara sAdhanA patha para agrasara honaa| mahAzataka-- rAjagRha nivAsI mahAzataka apanI terahavIM vratahIna patnI revatI dvArA kAmoddIpaka vyavahAra karane se avicalita rahA paraMtu vaha aura adhika unmukta vyavahAra karane lagI isase kupita hokara For Personal & Private Use Only

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9. pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 175 mahAzataka apane avadhijJAna ke bala para revatI kI kaSTapUrNa mRtyu kA prakAzana usake samakSa karatA hai| mahAzataka ke isa kRtya kI mahAvIra dvArA niMdA kI gaI aura isake lie use prAyazcita karanA pdd'aa| usane aisA kiyA aura apane sAdhanA patha para dRr3ha banA rhaa| nandinIpitA 27 - zrAvastI nivAsI gAthApati nandinIpitA kI vratArAdhanA meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA utpanna nahIM huI / 10. sAlihIpitA - sAlihIpitA zrAvastI kA gAthApati thaa| zrAvaka dharma ke sAdhanAkrama meM ise kisI taraha ke upasargoM kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'aa| jaina graMthoM meM zrAvaka zabda :- zrAvaka jaina paramparA kA pAribhASika zabda hai jo prAyaH gRhastha sAdhakoM yA upAsakoM ke lie vyavahata hotA hai| jaina vAGgamaya meM isake lie vibhinna prakAra ke zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra prAcInatam jaina graMtha hai aura zramaNacaryA kA pratipAdana karane vAlA pramukha aMga hai| isameM zrAvaka yA upAsaka zabda dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| dvitIya aMga sAhitya sUtrakRtAMga meM zrAvaka ke lie zramaNopAsaka, AgArika evaM zrAvaka zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai |29 isI prakAra sthAnAMgadeg meM AgAra va zramaNopAsaka; samavAyAMga' meM zramaNabhUta evaM upAsaka, bhagavatIsUtra" meM zramaNopAsaka, kahIM-kahIM upAsaka aura zrAvaka; jJAtAdharmakathA" meM zramaNopAsaka, AgAra; upAsakadazAMga meM upAsaka, zramaNopAsaka, gihi, AgAra, zrAvaka; aMtakRddazA" meM zramaNopAsaka; uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM upAsaka zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMdaracita cAritrapAhuDa meM zrAvakoM ke lie sAgAra; sAgAra dharmAmRta' meM zrAvaka, vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra" meM zrAvaka va upAsaka; tatvArthasUtra meM AgArI zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai| zrAvaka, upAsaka, zramaNopAsaka, AgArI, sAgArI, Adi zabda jaina graMthoM meM samAnArthaka mAne gae haiM aura prAyaH inakA prayoga gRhastha sAdhakoM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| upAsakadazAMga aura zrAvakAcAra :- gRhastha sAdhakoM dvArA ahiMsAdi ke rupa meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jina vratoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai ve zrAvakAcAra kahalAte haiN| upAsakadazAMga meM 5 aNuvratoM, 7 zikSAvratoM, 11 pratimAoM tathA saMllekhanA ina sabako zrAvakAcAra kahA gayA hai|" isake pUrvavartI AgamoM meM bhI zrAvakAcAra kA ullekha milatA hai paraMtu kucha bhinna rupa meM jaise-sthAnAMga meM 5 aNuvratoM kA nAmollekha hai jabaki samavAyAMga meM 11 pratimAoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| AvazyakasUtra meM 12 vratoM, usake aticAroM tathA 11 pratimAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM 12 vratoM ke sAtha-sAtha inake aticAroM; yogazAstra meM 12 vratoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra AcArya kuMdakuMda racita cAritraprAbhRta, vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta" jaise mahatvapUrNa digambara mAnya graMthoM meM bhI zrAvakAcAra rupI vratoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki jainagraMthoM meM zrAvakAcAra kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai jina para jainAcAryoM ne paryApta ciMtana kiyA hai| pA~ca aNuvrata : - jainamata meM mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata ke rupa meM vratoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| mahAvrata zramaNa AcAra se saMbaMdhita hai jabaki aNuvrata gRhastha upAsakoM kI AcAracaryA hai| aNuvrata 'aNuvrata' ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| aNu kA artha choTA hotA hai tathA vrata kA artha niyama, astu aNuvrata kA zAbdika artha huA choTA yA alpa vrata yA niym| jaina paramparA meM kisI bhI karma kA vidhAna tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se kiyA jAtA hai| jina vratoM kA tIna yogoM aura tIna karaNoM se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai ve mahAvrata kahalAte haiM aura jinheM isa rupa meM paripAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai unheM aNuvrata kahate haiN| aNuvrata ke svarupa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM- kisI gRhanirata zrAvaka meM anumodanA ko chor3akara zeSa chaha bhaMgoM ke dvArA sthUla hiMsAdi se nivRta honA ahiMsA Adi aNuvrata hai|' AcArya zivArya aNuvrata kI vibhinna koTiyoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiMprANavadha, mRSAvAda, corI, paradAragamana tathA parigraha kA sthUla tyAga hI aNuvrata hai| prAyaH aNuvrata ke saMbaMdha meM yaha bhrAMta dhAraNA pracalita hai ki aNuvrata choTA vrata hai jabaki yaha satya nahIM hai| yadyapi aNu kA zAbdika artha choTA hotA hai tathApi vrata apane Apa meM choTA yA bar3A nahIM hotA hai| apUrNa aura pUrNa ke aMtara se ye aNuvrata aura mahAvrata kahalAte hai| pUrNatA aura apUrNatA kA yaha bhAva vrata ke AMzika yA pUrNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 177 rupa se grahaNa karane ke kAraNa hI jAnA jAtA hai| cUMki mahAvrata kisI bhI vrata kI pUrNatA kI sImA hai jabaki aNuvrata apUrNa hai aura zrAvaka aNuvrata kA Azraya lekara isa apUrNa se pUrNa ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai| isa dizA meM vaha samyak prayAsa bhI karatA hai isa rupa meM hama aNuvrata ko mahAvrata kA laghu saMskaraNa kaha sakate haiM lekina jahA~ taka Atmabodha va AdhyAtmika zakti kA prazna hai to isakI apekSA aNuvratoM bhI banI rahatI hai| aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA 5 mAnI gaI hai ka. ahiMsANuvrata (prANavadha kA tyAga ) kha. satyANuvrata (mRSAvAda kA tyAga ) ga. asteyANuvrata (adattAdAna kA tyAga ) gha. brahmacaryANuvrata (paradAragamana kA tyAga ) aura Ga aparigrahANuvrata (parigraha parimANa) (ka) ahiMsANuvrata - hiMsA kA tyAga hI ahiMsA hai| prAyaH apanI AkAMkSA evaM Asakti ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika hiMsA karatA rahatA hai| hiMsA ke svarupa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai- pramAda va kAmabhogoM meM jo Asakti hotI hai, vahIM hiMsA hai| spaSTa hai ki pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva hiMsA karatA hai| kabhI-kabhI vaha itane adhika tIvra pramAda se grasta ho jAtA hai ki anya dUsare jIvoM kA prANaghAta karane se bhI nahIM hicakatA hai isIlie AcArya umAsvAti tatvArthasUtra meM likhate haiM- pramattayoga se prANoM kA vyaparopaNa karanA hI hiMsA hai| ataH kaSAya yA rAgAdibhAvoM se yukta hokara kisI kA ghAta karanA hI hiMsA hai| zArIrika ghAta ke sAtha-sAtha mAnasika evaM bhAvanAtmaka prANaghAta bhI hiMsA kA hI pratirupa mAnA jAtA hai| ahiMsANuvrata meM isa prakAra kI hiMsA kA niSegha kiyA jAtA hai / uvAsagadasAo meM kahA gayA hai- yAvajjIvana mana, vacana evaM kAya se sthUla prANAtipAta na svayaM karanA aura na karavAnA ahiMsANuvrata hai| hiMsA ke do rUpa haiM : (ka) saMkalpajA aura (kha) aarmbhjaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA "kisI ko maiM mArUM' isa bhAvanA se hiMsA karanA saMkalpI hiMsA hai jabaki vibhinna AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu jo anivArya hiMsA karanI paDatI hai vaha ArambhI hiMsA hai| gRhastha saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai lekina ArambhI kA nhiiN| ahiMsANuvrata ke 5 aticAra mAne gae haiM jinase zrAvaka bacatA hai| ye pA~ca aticAra haiM :- baMdha, vadha, chaviccheda, atibhAra evaM annapAna nirodhA . 1. baMdha : kisI trasa prANi ko utpIDaka baMdhana meM DAlanA baMdha hai| 2. vadha : nirdayatApUrvaka koDe, beMta Adi se zarIra para prahAra karanA vadha hai| 3. chaviccheda : zarIra ke aMga vizeSa ko chedanA-kATanA Adi chaviccheda hai| ucita pArizramika se kama denA bhI chaviccheda kahalAtA hai| 4. atibhAra : adhika bojha lAdanA, adhika kAma lenA, zakti-sAmarthya se adhika kArya karAnA atibhAra hai| 5. annapAna nirodha : pAlatU pazuoM ko bhUkhA rakhanA, naukara Adi ko samaya para vetana nahIM denA annapAna nirodha hai| (kha) satyANuvrata :- satya kA sAmAnya artha hai asatya bhASaNa nahIM krnaa| jo vastu jaisI dekhI athavA sunI gaI ho, usake viSaya meM vaisA na kahanA, asatya athavA jhUTha hai| prAyaH kisI pramAdavaza hI vyakti asatya bhASaNa karatA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai| unakA mata hai ki jo pramAda ke yoga se asatya kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha asatya kahalAtA hai|' pramAdavaza jo asatyabhASaNa kiyA jAtA hai usase vyakti ko pIr3A pahu~catI hai| vaha isase apane Apako Ahata samajhatA hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI tattvArthasUtra kI apanI vyAkhyA meM asatya ke svarupa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM - garhita arthAt jo satya hone para bhI dUsare ko pIr3A pahu~cAtA ho aisA durbhAvayukta kathana asatya hI hai| satya lekina For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 179 dUrbhAvanA se yukta vacana bhI asatya hI kahalAegA kyoMki isake pIche bhI vyakti kA pramAdabhAva sakriya rahatA hai| ataeva pramAdavaza satya athavA asatya bhASaNa bhI asatya kahalAtA hai| isa AdhAra para satyANuvrata kA prArupa nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM hama AcArya samantabhadra ke kathana kA avalokana kara sakate haiM jinhoMne satyANuvrata kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - jo loka virUddha, rAjyavirUddha evaM dharma virUddha jhUTha na svayaM bolatA hai na dUsaroM se bulavAtA hai sAtha hI dUsaroM kI vipatti ke lie kAraNabhUta satya ko na svayaM kahatA hai, na dUsaroM se kahalavAtA hai, vaha satyANuvratI hai| satyANuvrata ke pAMca aticAra mAne gae haiM- sahasAbhyAkhyAna, rahasyAbhyAkhyAna, svadAramaMtrabheda, mRSopadeza tathA kUTalekhakaraNa / tatvArthasUtra meM ye aticAra isa prakAra se vivecita haiM" - mithyopadeza, asatya doSAropaNa, kUTalekha-pakaraNa, nyAsa-apahAra aura mNtrbhed| 1. sahasAbhyAkhyAna : binA soca-vicAra kiye kisI ke viSaya meM doSAropaNa krnaa| 2. rahasyAbhyAkhyAna : kisI kI gopanIya bAta athavA bheda ko prakaTa karake usake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanA / 3. svadAramaMtra : pati aura patnI kI gupta bAtoM ko inameM se kisI dvArA dUsaroM ke sAmane prakaTa karanA / 4. mRSopadeza jhUThI 5. kUTalekhakaraNa : jhuThA lekha likhanA, jAlI dastAveja banAnA, mudrAe~ banAnA / : saccA- jhUThA kahakara athavA bahakAkara kisI ko kumArgI banAnA / (ga) asteyANuvrata :- yaha acaurya vrata bhI kahalAtA hai| kisI anya kI vastu ko unakI anumati ke binA grahaNa karanA caurya karma kahalAtA hai| AcArya umAsvAti steya ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM? - binA dI huI vastu grahaNa karanA corI hai / asteya steya athavA caurya karma kA viparIta bhAva hai| upAsakadazAMga meM asteyANuvrata ko spaSTa karate hue likhA gayA hai - sthUla adattAdAna kA do karaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aura tIna yoga se tyAga karanA hI asteyANuvrata hai| sthUla adattAdAna ke do rupa haiM: (ka) sacitta adattAdAna (kha) acitta adttaadaan| cetana yukta padArtha jaise :- pAlatU pazu, dAsa-dAsI sacitta haiM jabaki dhana-dhAnya, svarNa-rajata, bhUmi-mudrA Adi acitta padArtha haiN| ina donoM ko unakI svAmI kI AjJA ke binA grahaNa nahIM karanA asteyANuvrata hai| yogasUtra meM kahA bhI gayA hai- kisI kI girI huI vastu ko, bhUlI huI vastu ko svAmI ke pAsa rakhI huI vastu ko binA anumati ke kisI bhI saMkaTa ke utpanna hone para na lenA hI asteyANuvrata hai| asteya aNuvrata ke 5 aticAra haiM- stenAhata, taskara prayoga, virUddha rAjyAtikrama, kUTatUlAkUTamAna evaM tatpratirupaka vyvhaar| 1. stenAdRta : corI kA sAmAna lenaa| 2. taskara prayoga : coroM ko vetanAdi dekara unase corI, DakaitI, ThagI Adi krvaanaa| 3. virUddharAjyAtikrama : rAjakIya niyamoM ke virUddha vyApAra krnaa| 4. kUTatulAkUTamAna : bAMTa, tarAjU, mITara Adi se kama sAmAna taulanA yA naapnaa| 5. tatpratirupaka vyavahAra : adhika mUlya vAlI vastu meM usI ke anurupa kama mUlya vAlI vastu kI milAvaTa krnaa| (gha) brahmacaryANuvrata :- nara aura mAdA ke paraspara zArIrika saMbaMdha ko abrahma athavA maithuna karma kahate haiN| yaha kAmavAsanA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM isa saMbaMdha meM yaha mata vyakta kiyA gayA hai- cAritramoha ke udaya hone para rAga AkrAnta strI-purUSa ke jo paraspara ke sparza kI icchA hotI hai vaha mithuna evaM unakI kriyA maithuna hai| kAmavAsanA manuSya kI mUlapravRtti mAnI gaI hai aura isakI pUrti hetu nara-mAdA meM zArIrika saMsarga hotA hai| aNuvratadhArI zrAvaka bhI isase mukta nahIM ho pAtA isIlie isakI maryAdA nirdhAraNa hetu yaha vidhAna kiyA gayA hai8- svapatmI saMtoSa vrata grahaNa karake anya saba prakAra ke maithuna kA tyAga karanA hI brahmacaryANuvrata hai| isake 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 181 aticAra haiM- itvaraparigRhItAgamana, aparigRhItAgamana, parigRhItAgamana, aMnagakrIr3A, paravivAhakaraNa aura kAmabhoga tIvra abhilASA / 1. itvaraparigRhItAgamana 2. aparigRhItAgamana 3. anaMgakrIr3A 4. paravivAhakaraNa 5. : kisI dUsare ke dvArA svIkRta amuka samaya taka vezyA yA vaisI sAdhAraNa strI kA usa kAlAvadhi meM bhoga karanA / anAtha : vezyA kA, viyoginI strI kA, yA kisI purUSa ke kabje meM nahIM rahane vAlI strI kA upabhoga karanA / : asvAbhAvika kAma sevana athavA sRSTi virUddha kAma-- sevana / : apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ko chor3akara anya kA vivAha kraanaa| kAmabhoga tIvra abhilASA : kAmAsakta hokara kAmajanaka auSadha kA prayoga karanA, mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana karake vividha prakAra se kAmakrIr3A karanA / (Ga) aparigrahANuvrata :- grahaNa karanA parigraha hai| parigraha kA kAraNa icchA ko mAnA gayA hai aura icchA tRSNA ke kAraNa janma letI hai| ina sabake mUla meM Asakti hI sarvapramukha kAraNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne parigraha kA mukhya kAraNa mUrcchA (Asakti) ko mAnA hai| Asakti moha ke udaya se hotI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya amRta caMdra kA maMtavya dRSTavya hai" - moha ke udaya se huA mamatva pariNAma mUrcchA hai aura yahI mUrcchA bhAva parigraha hai| isI parigrahabhAva ke vazIbhUta hokara vyakti bAhya aura AbhyaMtara vastu ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai aura unake prati Asakti rakhatA hai| isI Asakti ke vazIbhUta hokara vaha una vastuoM ko 'merA hai' kahakara apanI Asakti ko prakaTa karatA hai / usakA yahI saMkalpa parigraha hai| 2 ina sabake viSaya meM citta ko saMkucita karanA hI aparigraha hai / yahI citta saMkucana icchAoM ko parimita For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA karatA hai aura icchA-parimita ko aparigraha kahA gayA hai| aparigraha aNuvrata kA mukhya dhyeya dhana-dhAnya Adi vastuoM kI maryAdA yA sImAMkana karanA hai| isake 5 aticAra haiN|4- kSetra vastu kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, hiraNya-suvarNa kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, dvipada-catuSpada pramANa kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, dhana-dhAnya kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa evaM kuviyadhAtu kI maryAdA kA atikrmnn| . _ 1. kSetravastu pramANAtikrama : kRSiyogya bhUmi, makAna Adi hetu nirdhArita maryAdA kA ullNghn| 2. hiraNya svarNa pramANAtikrama : svarNa-rajata Adi bahumUlya dhAtuoM kI sImA kA atikrmnn| 3. dvipada-catuSpada pramANAtikrama : dAsa-dAsI, pazu Adi kI maryAdA kA ullNghn| 4. dhana-dhAnya pramANAtikrama : hIre-motI-mANika, cAvala-geMhU dhAna Adi vastuoM kI mAtrA kA ullNghn| 5. kupya pramANAtikrama : gRhopakaraNa,zayyA, Asana - vastrAdi kI rakhI maryAdA kA atikrmnn| ratnakaraMDakazrAvakAcAra meM 5 aticAra isa prakAra haiM - ativAhana, atisaMgraha, ativismaya, atilobha aura atibhaaraaropnn| tIna guNavrata :- zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM meM tIna guNavratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zrAvakoM dvArA pratipAlita aNuvratoM ke vikAsa aura rakSaNa meM guNavrata kA apratima yogadAna mAnA jAtA hai| ataH zrAvakoM dvArA ye Avazyaka rupa se pAlanIya mAne gae haiN| guNavrata ke paripAlana karane se zrAvaka apane aNuvratoM kA pAlana dRr3hatA pUrvaka karatA hai| guNavratoM kI saMkhyA 3 mAnI gaI hai, yahA~ hama-tIna guNavratoM para vicAra kareMge/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 183 ka anarthadaMDaviramaNa, kha dizAparimANa aura ga upabhoga-paribhoga primaann| (ka) anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata :- apane aura apane AzritoM ke jIvana nirvAha ke lie gRhastha zrAvakoM ko kucha na kucha hiMsA karanI hI par3atI hai aura ise kSamya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai kiMtu niSprayojya kI gaI hiMsA ko kSamya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| zrAvakoM ko aise kAryoM se bacane kA saMketa jainagraMthoM meM milatA hai| kahIM isake 5 bheda milate haiM to kahIM isake 4 bheda batAe gae haiN| ye 5 bheda haiM :1. apadhyAnAcarita - : krUra vicAroM athavA duzciMtana ke kAraNa hiMsA krnaa| 2. pramAdAcarita : Alasyavaza zubha pravRttiyoM se bacanA athavA unake karane meM vilamba krnaa| 3. hiMsrapradAna : dUsare vyaktiyoM ko AkheTAdi ke lie zastrAdi kI sahAyatA karanA, hiMsA ke lie prerita krnaa| * 4. pApakarmopadeza : kisI prANI kA ghAta karanA athavA unheM pIr3A pahu~cAne ke lie uttejita krnaa| 5. duHzruti : kumArga pratipAdaka zAstroM ko sunanA, saMgraha karanA evaM zikSaNa kArya krnaa| zrAvaka ko ina kAryoM se to bacanA hI par3atA hai sAtha hI sAtha unheM anarthadaMDa aramana vrata ke pA~ca aticAroM se bhI sAvadhAna rahanA par3atA hai| ye 5 aticAra haiM:ndarpa, koTakucya, maukharya, saMyuktAdhikaraNa aura upabhoga pribhogaatirek| . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
184 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 1 kandarpa : mAnasika vikAroM ko bar3hAne vAle vacanoM ko bolanA, sunanA athavA vaisI ceSTaya krnaa| ... 2. koTakucya vidUzakoM kI bhAMti hAtha-paira nacAnA, anya AMgika ceSTA krnaa| ___3. maukharya : adhika vArtAlApa karanA, zekhI mAranA, ___ dUra kI haaNknaa| 4. saMyuktAdhikaraNa : binA apekSA ke hiMsaka hathiyAroM kA saMgraha krnaa| 5. upabhoga paribhogAtireka : upabhoga-paribhoga kI sAmagrI ko avazyakatA se adhika mAtrA meM saMgraha krnaa|.. (kha) dizAparimANa vrata :- isa vrata kA Azaya dizAoM ke parimANa nirdhArita karane se hai| upAsakadazAMga kI TIkA meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoM meM maiM itanI dUra taka nahIM jAU~gA tathA isase Age nahIM jAU~gA isa prakAra kI maryAdA nirdhArita kara lenA dizAparimANavrata hai| ise digvrata bhI kahate haiN| AcArya samantabhadra kA maMtavya isa saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra vivecita hai- dasoM dizAoM kI maryAdA karake sUkSma pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie "maiM isase bAhara nahIM jAU~gA" isa prakAra kA saMkalpa hI digvrata nAma guNavrata hai| isake 5 aticAra hai|:- urdhvadizAtikramaNa, udhodizAtikramaNa, tiryadizAtikramaNa, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyntrddhaa| urdhvadizAtikramaNa : urdhva (Upara) dizA kA atikrmnn| adhodizAtikramaNa : adho (nIce) dizA kA atikrmnn| tiryadizAtikramaNa : anya dizAoM kA atikramaNa krnaa| kSetravRddhi : do vibhinna dizAoM kI jo maryAdA nirdhArita kI gaI hai uname se kisI eka dizA meM kSetra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 185 ko ghaTAnA aura utanI hI mAtrA meM dUsarI dizA meM kSetra vRddhi krnaa| smRtyantaraddhA : nirdhArita kI gaI maryAdA kA vismRta honA aura bhramavaza kSetra kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana krnaa| ___3. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata :- manuSya apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti vastuoM kA upabhoga aura paribhoga karake karatA hai| kisI vastu kA bAra-bAra prayoga paribhoga hai, jabaki vastu kA eka bAra upayoga karanA upabhoga kahalAtA hai| bhoga aura paribhoga kI maryAdA nirdhArita karanA hI upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata hai| jainagranthoM meM isa hetu 21 athavA 26 vastuoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai tathA bhojana evaM karma kI apekSA se yaha do vargoM meM ba~TA hai| isake 5 aticAra AhAra kI apekSA se aura 15 aticAra karma kI apekSA se mAne gae haiN|83 AhAra-apekSA se 5 aticAra haiM-sacitta AhAra, sacitta pratibaddha AhAra, apakvAhAra, duSpakvAhAra aura tucchossdhibhkssnn| .. sacitta AhAra : sacitta vastuoM kA AhAra grahaNa karanA / sacitta pratibaddhAhAra : cetanya dravya se saMzliSTa AhAra grahaNa krnaa| - apakvAhAra : agni Adi ke dvArA jisakA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha anyathA nahIM huA ho usa apakva doSa vAle AhAra ko grahaNa krnaa| duSpakvAhAra : arddhapakva vastu kA AhAra krnaa| tucchosadhibhakSaNa : usa vastu kA AhAra jo kama khAyI jAe aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga bAhara pheMka diyA jaae| ... 15 karmadAna - karma kI apekSA jo kArya nahIM karane yogya haiM unheM karmAdAna .. kahate haiN| inakI kula saMkhyA 15 hai - aMgAra karma, vanakarma, zakaTakarma, bhATIkarma, sphoTakarma, dantavANijya, lakSavANijya, rasavANijya, viSavANijya, kezavANijya, yaMtrapIDAnakarma, nirlAghanakarma, avAgnidApana, sarahadataDAga zoSaNa tathA astiijnpossnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
186 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA guNavratoM ke saMbaMdha meM prAyaH graMthoM meM digvrata, bhogopabhoga aura anarthadaMDaviramaNa yahI krama pAyA jAtA hai paraMtu yahA~ guNavrata ke vivecana meM isa krama meM parivartana karate hue anarthadaNDa ko prathama sthAna para rakhA hai, dvitIya para digvrata tathA aMtima sthAna para upabhoga paribhoga parimANavrata hai| yaha krama rakhane ke pIche koI vizeSa kAraNa nahIM hai lekina upAsakadazAMga (madhukaramuni dvArA saMpAdita ) gAthA anukrama 1/11 meM mahAvI kI dharmadezanA meM agAra vrata ke aMtargata 3 guNavratoM kA jo ullekha hai usameM isa anukrama kA pAlana huA hai (... tiNi guNavvayAI taM- jahA ... aNatthadaMDaveramaNaM, disivvayaM, uvabhoga paribhoga parimANaM / ) bAda meM isI graMtha meM jaba aticAroM kA ullekha huA hai to anukrama kramazaH- digvrata, upabhoga - parimANavrata aura anarthadaMDaviraNa milatA hai 84 / ... cAra zikSAvrata :- zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM meM zikSAvrata kA apanA eka alaga mahatva hai| yahI eka aisA zrAvaka vrata hai jisakA abhyAsa bAra-bAra karanA par3atA hai| isake pUrva varNita aNuvrata aura guNavrata kA grahaNa jIvana meM eka bAra hI kiyA jAtA hai aura inakA abhyAsa bhI niraMtara karanA par3atA hai| zikSAvratoM kI saMkhyA 4 hai : (ka) sAmAyika (ga) prauSadhopavAsa evaM tattvArthasUtra meM dezAvakAzika ko guNavrata tathA bhogopabhoga ko zikSAvrata mAnA gayA hai|% ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra meM atithisaMvibhAga ke sthAna para vaiyAvRtya zabda kA prayoga milatA hai|7 vasunaMdi ne bhogaparimANa, upabhogaparimANa, atithisaMvibhAga tathA sallekhanA ko zikSAvrata mAnA hai | 8 sAgAradharmAmRta meM dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa evaM atithisaMvibhAga ina cAra zikSAvratoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra zikSAvrata kI saMkhyA aura krama ko lekara zvetAmbara evaM digambara mAnya sAhitya meM kucha aMtara avazya parilakSita hotA hai| hama ina aMtaroM para vicAra na karake 4 zikSAvrate ke svarupa para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kreNge| (ka) sAmAyika :- sAmAyika jaina paraMparA kI ArAdhanA paddhati hai| isI (kha) dezAvakAzika (gha) atithisNvibhaag| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 187 sAdhanA ke dvAMrA zrAvaka samatAmUlaka dRSTi ko prApta kara sakatA hai| sAmAyika kI sAdhanA ke anukrama meM sAdhaka trasa - sthAvara sabhI jIvoM ke prati samAna bhAva rakhatA hai| vaha pApapUrNa (sAvadya) pravRtti kA tyAga karatA hai tathA doSamukta (niravadya) pravRtti ko apanAtA hai| sAmAyika kA vrata pUrvAhna, madhyAhna evaM aparAhna tInoM kAloM meM kiyA jAtA hai| isakI sAdhanA vyavadhAna rahita sthAnoM para kI jAtI hai tAki sAdhaka citta vikSepa se mukta hokara samatva bhAva meM ramaNa kara ske| isake 5 aticAra haiMmanoduSpaNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNidhAna, kAyaduSpraNidhAna, smRtyakaraNa aura anavasthitatA / 1. manoduSpraNidhAna : mana meM azubha vicAroM kA AnA / 2. vacanaduSpraNidhAna : vacana kA durupayoga, kaThora-kaTu-asatya sNbhaassnn| 3. kAyaduSpraNidhAna zarIra se pApapUrNa kArya karanA / : : sAmAyika meM smRti na rkhnaa| : asthira mana se athavA zIghratA se sAmAyika krnaa| (kha) dezAvakAzika :- dezAvakAzika vrata dvArA anivArya evaM aparihArya paristhiti A jAne para dizAparimANavrata nAmaka guNavrata meM nirdhArita kI gaI kSetra - dizA kI maryAdA meM kucha avadhi ke lie parivartana karane kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha vrata jisa nizcita avadhi ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, zrAvaka isa kAla meM usa 'navIna rupa meM sthira kSetrAdi kI maryAdA kA pUrNataH pAlana karatA hai| jisa navIna kSetra kI maryAdA nirdhArita kI jAtI hai, kartA usake bAhara nahIM jAtA, kisI ko bAhara nahIM bhejatA aura usake bAhara sthita vyakti ko bhI nahIM bulAtA hai| vaha kSetra ke bAhara se lAyI gaI vastu kA upayoga nahIM karatA / isa prakAra isa vrata meM mukhya rupa se pravRttiyoM ko saMkucita kiyA jAtA hai| upAsakadazAMga, AvazyakasUtra meM yaha zikSAvrata hai jabaki tatvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, upAsakAdhyayana meM ise guNavrata mAnA gayA hai|' isake 5 aticAra haiM2 - Anayana prayoga, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rupAnupAta aura bahiHpudgala prkssep| 4. smRtyakaraNa 5. anavasthitatA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
188 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 1. Anayanaprayoga- maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kI vastu mNgaanaa| 2. preSyaprayoga- maryAdita kSetra se bAhara koI vastu bhejnaa| 3. zabdAnupAta- maryAdita kSetra se svayaM bAhara nahIM jAnA, lekina zabdAdi saMketoM ke mAdhyama se saMdeza preSita krnaa| rupAnupAta- maryAdita kSetra se bAhara koI pratIka vastu bhejakara usakI sahAyatA se kArya saMpanna kraanaa| bahiHpudgala prakSepa- maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kaMkaDa, patthara Adi pheMkakara vahAM ke vyaktiyoM ko apanI ora AkarSita krnaa| (ga) pauSadhopavAsa :- tithivizeSa meM dharmasthAna meM dharmAcArya ke saMga upavAsa karanA pauSadhopavAsa vrata kahalAtA hai| pauSadha yA proSadha kA artha hai- dharmasthAna meM rahanA yA dharmAcArya ke saMga rhnaa| yadyapi isa prakriyA meM zarIra kA rakSaNa hotA hai lekina zrAvaka ko AdhyAtmika lAbha milatA hai aura usakI AtmavRddhi hotI hai kyoMki isa paristhiti meM AtmA ko poSaNa milatA hai| AcArya abhayadeva dvitIyA, paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI tathA caturdazI ko proSadhopavAsa kI tithi mAnate haiM jabaki AcArya samantabhadra isa hetu aSTamI evaM caturdazI ko uttama parvatithi kahate haiN| zrAvaka ko ina parvatithiyoM meM caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga karanA cAhie athavA ekAzana pauSadha ke sAtha upavAsa rakhanA caahie| isake 5 aticAra nimnalikhita haiM" :1. apratilekhita-duSpratilekhita zayyAsaMstAraka :- pauSadha hetu prayukta sthAna kA bhalI prakAra nirIkSaNa na krnaa| 2. apramArjita-duSpramArjita zayyAsaMstAraka :- pauSadha hetu prayukta zayyA Adi ko bhalI prakAra sApha kie binA upayoga krnaa| 3. apratilekhita-duSpratilekhita uccAra-prasravaNa bhUmiH- mala-mUtra tyAga karane ke sthAna kA nirIkSaNa nahIM krnaa| . 4. apramArjita-duSpramArjita uccAra-prasravaNa bhUmi :- mala-mUtra tyAgane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #218
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 189 5. vAle sthAna ko sApha kie binA upayoga krnaa| pauSadhopavAsa-samyagnanupAlanatA :- pauSadhopavAsa kA samyak rIti se pAlana na krnaa| (gha) atithisaMvibhAga :- yaha vrata niHsvArtha sevA aura tyAga kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| zrAvaka mUla rupa se gRhastha hotA hai aura usake yahA~ atithiyoM kA Agamana svAbhAvika hai| prAyaH atithi-Agamana Akasmika hotA hai isIlie ye atithi haiM arthAt jinake Ane kI tithi nizcita na ho, unheM atithi kahate haiN| gRhastha apane ghara meM svayaM ke upayogArtha Avazyaka vastue~ rakhatA hai jina para usakA svataH siddha adhikAra mAnA gayA hai| paraMtu atithi ke A jAne para apane upayogArtha vastu kA samucita vibhAga karake atithiyoM ko tRpta karanA usakA karttavya hai| zrAvaka Atithya-satkAra ke isa dharma se kabhI vimukha nahIM hotA hai| vaha bhramaNazIla atithiyoM, zramaNoM ko nyAyapUrvaka jo kucha bhI arpita karatA hai, vaha atithisaMvibhAga nAmaka caturtha zikSAvrata hai| saMdarbha :1. . atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niunnN| - Avazyaka niyukti, 192 2. aaptvcnaadaavirbhuutmrthsNvednmaagbhH| pramANanayatatvA- lokAlaMkAra, 4-1 AptavacanaM hyaagmH|- ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra TIkA, - (prabhAcandra), 4; Avazyaka vRtti (malayagiri), patra 48 3. naMdIsUtra, sUtra 41 4. suysutt.......aagme| anuyogadvArAsUtra, 4; vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 8/97 A-abhividhinA sakala zruta viSayavyApti rupeNa, maryAdayA vA yathAvasthita prarupaNA rupayA gamyante-paricchidyante arthAH yena saH aagmH| Avazyaka vRtti, malayagiri 6. sAsijjai jeNa tayaM........ satyaM tu suynaannN| - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 559 7. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, le. paM. becaradAsa dozI, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #219
190 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prastAvanA, pRSTha 24 -- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1989 8. caudasa puvvA paNNattA - samavAyAMga, 14 evaM 18 9. viho paNNataM, taMjahA- aMgapavio aMga bAhiraM c| ... - naMdIsUtra (madhukara muni), pRSTha 160 10. anuyogadvAra, 144, pRSTha 219 . 11. DaoNkTarina oNpha jainAja, pR.29, uddhRta-jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga1, pRSTha 19 12. Agame tivihe paNNatte- suttAgame ya atthAgame ya tadubhayAgame yA -anuyogadvArasUtra, 470 13......anibaddhamaMgopAMgazaH......tattvArthabhASya, 1/20 .. 14. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA- devendra muni zAstrI, tAraka gurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura, 1977, pRSTha 30-33 Avazyaka niyukti, 363-377, dazavaikAlika niyukti, 3 TIkA; uddhRta-jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 16 16. ratnakaraMDakazrAvakAcAra, 1/43-46, uddhRta-jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 18 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 18 18. ANaMde kAmadeve ya, gAhAvai culnniipiyaa| surAdeve cullasayae, gAhAvai kuNddkolie| saddAlaputte mahAsayae, naMdiNIpiyA saalihiipiyaa| - uvAsagadasAo (madhukara muni), 1/2 19. vahI, prathama adhyayana 20 vahI, dvitIya adhyayana 21. vahI, tRtIya adhyayana 22. vahI, caturtha adhyayana 23. vahI, paMcama adhyayana 24. vahI, SaSThama adhyayana 25. vahI, saptama adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #220
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 191 26. vahI, aSTama adhyayana 27. vahI, navama adhyayana 28. vahI, dasavAM adhyayana 29. gAhAvaI samaNovAsa yAvi hotthA / * suttAgame (suyagaDAMga), sUtra 2/7 No khalu vayaM saMcAramo muNDA bhavittA agArAo / sAvayaM NhaM aNupuNveNaM suttassa lisissaamo| - vahI, sUtra 2/7 30. carittadhamme duvihe agAracarita dhamme ceva aNagAra caritta dhamme / ThANaM (suttAgame), 2/1/188 -- cattAri samaNo vAsagA paNNattA .... vahI, 4/3/406 31. ekkArasa uvAsaga paDimAo.... smvaae| (suttAgame), pRSTha 324 "samaNabhUe Avibhavai samaNAuso'' vahI, pRSTha 324 32. soccA NaM kevalissa va kevalisAvagassa vA kevalisAviyAe vA kevaliuvAsagassa.... / bhagavaI (aMgasuttANi, bhAga 2), 5/96 33. devANuppiANaM aMtie paccANuvvaiyaM jAva smnnovaase| jJAtAdharmakathA (zobhAcaMdrabhArilla), 5/ pRSTha 190. 34. uvAsagadasAo (madhukara muni), 1/70, 1/12, 1/11, 2/92 35. se moggara pANI jakkhe sudaMsaNaM samaNovAsayaM... I - aMtagaDadasAo (suttAgame), 6/3 pRSTha1197 36. uvAsagANa paDimAsu bhikkhuNa pachimAsu ya je bhikkhu jayai Niccasena acchai mnnddle| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/11 37. duviha saMjamacaraNaM sAyAraM taha have NirAyAraM / 38. mUlottaraguNa...... zrAvakaH pipAsuH syAt / - cAritra pAhuDa, gAthA 22 . dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 1/15 39. sammatta visuddhamaI so daMsaNa sAvayo bhnnio| For Personal & Private Use Only

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192 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA 40. aNuvrato'gArI / - tatvArthasUtra, 7/15 41. uvAsagadasAo, (madhukara muni), 1/14-75 42. sthAnAMga (madhukara muni), 5/1/2 43. samavAyAMga (madhukara muni), 11 /71 44. . AvazyakasUtra (madhukara muni), caturtha adhyayana, pR. 39,40,pR. - vasunaMdizrAvakAcAra, sUtra 205 99-106 45. tatvArthasUtra, 7/20,21 Age taka 46. yogazAstra, dvitIya evaM tRtIya prakAza 47. cAritrasAra, 13/7, 48. vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra, 207 49. sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/16 50. . viratiM sthUlahiMsAderdvividhatrividhAdinA / ahiMsAdIni paMcANuvratAni jagadurjinAH / 51. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/5 52. pANavadha-musAvAda - dattAdAna paradAragamaNehiM / aparimidicchAdo vi a aNuvvayAi viramaNA / 59. ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 3/9 60. uvAsagadasAo, 1 /46 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2080 53. etthasatthaM asamArambhamANassa iccete ArambhA pariNNAyA bhvnti| - AcArAMga, 1/4/36 54. pramattayogAt pANaNyaparopaNaM hiMsA / - tatvArthasUtra, 7/13 55. uvAsagadasAo, 1 / 13 56. uvAsagadasAo, 1/45; tatvArthasUtra, 7/25 57. purUSArthasiddhayupAya, 91 58. tatvArthasUtra, vivecana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR. 176, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1993 - yogazAstra, 2/18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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61. tatvArthasUtra, 7/21 62. vahI, 7/10 63. uvAsagadasAo, 1/15 64. sacittAdattAdANe acittAdattAdANe ya... / 65. patitaM vismRtaM naSTaM.. parakIyaM kvacit sudhiiH| pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 193 66. avAsagadasAo, 1/47; tattvArthasUtra, 7/22; 3/14 70. tattvArthasUtra, 7/12 71. yA. mUrchAnAmeyaM.. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 4/50 67. strI puMsayozcAritra mohodayesati rAgapariNAmA viSTayoH paraspara sparzanaM pratiicchA mithunam mithunasya karma maithunamicyucyate / 68. uvAsagadasAo, 1/16 ; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 3/13 69. uvAsagadasAo, 1/48; tatvArthasUtra, 7/23; ratnakaraMDaka - zrAvakAcAra, 75 AvazyakasUtra, 3 tu mamatvapariNAmaH / - yogazAstra, 2/66 - sarvArthasiddhiH, 7/16 - 72. upAsakAdhyayana, 432 73. uvAsagadasAo, 1/17; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 3/15 . 74. uvAsagadasAo, 1/49; tattvArthasUtra, 7/24; ratnakaraMDaka - zrAvakAcAra, 3/16 - purUSArthasiddhayupAyaH 111 . / uvAsagadasAo, 1/11 tiNNi guNavvayAI. satta sikkhAvaiyaM .... vahI, 1/12 76. uvAsagadasAo, 1/11; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 2/21 77 uvAsagadasAo, 1/43 zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, (aNuvrata ), 8; zrAvakaprajJapti, 289; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 2/29; amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 6/93 78. uvAsagadasAo, 1/53; tattvArthasUtra, 7/27; zrAvakaprajJapti, 291; For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #223
194 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA sAgAradharmAmRta 5/12 79. majjAyA gamaNe hoI, puvvAisu disAsu jA evaM siyA disivaya tivihaM taM ca kittiya / - upAsakadazAMgasUtra (ghAsIlAla jI), pR. 235 80. ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 2/22 81. uvAsagadasAo, 1/50; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 2/27; sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/5 82. uvAsagadasAo, 1 / 18-42; zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra (aNuvrata ), 7; ratnakaraMDakazrAvakAcAra, 2/36 ; yogazAstra, 3/4 83. uvAsagadasAo, 1/51; tattvArthasUtra, 7/30 84. uvAsagadasAo, 1/50, 51, 52 85. uvAsagadasAo, 1/11; tattvArthasUtra, 7/16; ratnakaraMDaka - zrAvakAcAra,4/1 86. tattvArthasUtra, 7/16, 87. ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra,4/1 88. vasunaMdizrAvakAcAra, 217, 218, 219 89. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/24 90. uvAsagadasAo, 1/53; tattvArthasUtra, 7/28; ratnakaraMDaka - zrAvakAcAra, 4/9; sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/33; kArttikeyAnuprekSA, 53 91. uvAsagadasAo, 1/11; AvazyakasUtra, 6; tattvArthasUtra, 7/16; purUSArthasiddhayupAya, 139; upAsakAdhyayana, 4/5 92. uvAsagadasAo, 1/54; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 4 / 20; tattvArthasUtra, 7/29 93. upAsakadazAMgasUtra TIkA (abhayadeva), pR.45; ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 4/19 pravaktA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #224
antakRtadazA kI viSaya vastu : eka punarvicAra - pro. sAgaramala jaina antakRddazA jaina aMga-AgamoM kA aSTama aMgasUtra hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ise dasa dazAoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai| antakRddazA kI viSayavastu se saMbaMdhita nirdeza zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra meM tathA digambara paramparA meM rAjavArtika, dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA meM upalabdha hai| antakRtdazA kA vartamAna svarupa :- vartamAna meM jo antakRddazA upalabdha hai usameM ATha varga haiN| prathama varga meM aura viSNu ye dasa adhyayana upalabdha haiM : 1. gautama 2. samudra 3. sAgara 4. gambhIra 5. stimita 6. acala 7. kAmpilya 8. akSobha 9. prasenajita dvitIya varga meM ATha adhyayana haiM inake nAma haiM : 1 akSobha 2. sAgara 3. samudra 4. himavanta 5. acala 6. dharana 7. pUrana 8. abhicndr| . tRtIya varga meM nimna teraha adhyayana haiM :__1 anIyasa kumAra 2 anantasena kumAra 3. unihata kumAra 4. vidvat kumAra 5. devayaza kumAra 6. zatrusena kumAra 7. sAraNa kumAra 8. gaja kumAra 9. sumukha kumAra 10. durmukha kumAra 11 kUpaka kumAra 12. dAruka kumAra 13. anAdRSTi kumaar| - caturtha varga meM nimna dasa adhyayana haiM :- 1. jAli kumAra 2. mayAli kumAra 3. uvayAli kumAra 4. puruSasena kumAra 5.vAriSeNa kumAra 6. pradyumna kumAra 7. zAmba kumAra 8. aniruddha kumAra 9. satyanemi kumAra 10. dRDhanemi kumaar| __paMcama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM jo kRSNa kI ATha pradhAna patniyoM aura pradyumna kI do patniyoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| prathama varga se lekara pAMcaveM varga taka ke adhikAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #225
196 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vyakti kRSNa ke parivAra se saMbaMdhita haiM chaThe, sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga kA saMbaMdha mahAvIra ke zAsana se hai| chaThe varga ke nimna 16 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM : 1. makAI 2. kiMkama 3. mudgarapANi 4. kAzyapa 5. kSemaka 6. dhRtidhara 7. kailAza 8. haricandana 9. vAratta 10. sudarzana 11. puNyabhadra 12. sumanabhadra 13. supratiSThita 14. meghakumAra 15. atimukta kumAra 16. alakka (alakSya) kumaar| sAtaveM varga ke 13 adhyayanoM ke nAma nimna haiM : 1. nandA 2. nandavatI 3. nandottarA 4. nandazreNikA 5. marutA 6. sumarutA 7. mahAmarutA 8. maruddevA 9. bhadrA 10. subhadrA 11. sujAtA 12. sumanAyikA 13. bhuutdttaa| ____ AThaveM varga meM kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA, sukRSNA, vIrakRSNA, rAmasenakRSNA, karmasenakRSNA aura mahAsenakRSNA ina dasa zreNika kI patniyoM kA ullekha hai| uparyukta sampUrNa vivaraNa ko dekhane se kevala kiMkama aura sudarzana hI. aise adhyAya haiM jo sthAnAMga meM ullikhita vivaraNa se nAma sAmya rakhate haiM, zeSa sAre nAma bhinna haiN| antakRddazA kI viSayavastu saMbaMdhI prAcIna ullekha : sthAnAMga meM hameM sarvaprathama antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isameM antakRddazA ke nimna dasa adhyana batAye gaye haiM- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta (rAmaputta), sudarzana, jamAlI, bhayAlI, kiMkama, pallatetIya aura phaalambputr| yadi hama vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRddazA ko dekhate haiM to usameM uparyukta dasa adhyAyoM meM kevala do nAma sudarzana aura kiMkama upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga meM antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM antakRta jIvoM ke nagara, udyAna, caitya, vanakhaNDa, rAjA, mAtA-pitA, samavasaraNa, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihaloka aura paraloka kI Rddhi vizeSa, bhoga aura unakA parityAga, pravrajyA, zrutajJAna kA adhyayana, tapa tathA kSamA Adi bahuvidha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #226
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 197 pratimAoM kA vahana, satraha prakAra ke saMyama, brahmacarya, AkiMcanya, samiti, gupti, apramAda, yoga, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI vivaraNa haiN| Age isameM uttama saMyama ko prApta karane para tathA parigrahoM ke jItane para cAra karmoM ke kSaya hone se kevalajJAna kI prApti kisa prakAra se hotI hai, isakA ullekha hai, sAtha hI una muniyoM kI zramaNa paryAya, prAyopagamana, anazana, tapa aura raja se mukta hokara mokSasukha ko prApta karane saMbaMdhI ullekha haiN| samavAyAMga ke anusAra isameM eka zrutaskaMdha, dasa adhyayana aura sAta varga batalAye gaye haiM jabaki upalabdha antakRddazA meM ATha varga haiN| ataH samavAyAMga meM vartamAna antakRddazA kI apekSA eka varga kama batAyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ne sthAnAMga kI mAnyatA aura usake sAmane upalabdha graMtha meM eka samanvaya baiThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aisA bhI lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ke sAmane sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA lupta ho cukI thI aura mAtra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kI smRti hI zeSa thI tathA usake sthAna para vartamAna upalabdha antakRddazA ke kama se kama sAta vargoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| . nandIsUtrakAra antakRddazA ke saMbaMdha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai vaha bahuta kucha to samavAyAMga ke samAna hI hai kintu usameM spaSTa rupa se isake ATha varga kA ullekha prApta hai| samavAyAMgakAra jahA~ antakRddazA ke dasa samuddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai vahA~ nandIsUtrakAra usake ATha uddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRddazA kI racanA samavAyAMga ke kAla taka bahuta kucha ho cukI thI aura vaha antima rupa se nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pUrva apane astitva meM A cukA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha tInoM vivaraNoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA ke prathama saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu kisa prakAra se usase alaga kara dI gaI aura nandIsUtra ke racanA kAla taka usake sthAna para navIna saMskaraNa kisa prakAra astitva meM A gyaa| - yadi hama digambara sAhitya kI dRSTi se isa prazna para vicAra kareM to hameM sarvaprathama tattvArthavArtika meM antakRddazA kI viSayavastu se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM nimna dasa adhyayanoM kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai :- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmaputta, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #227
198 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sudarzana, yamalika, valika, kiSkambala aura pAtAlambaSTha putr| yadi hama sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA ke dasa adhyayanoM se inakI tulanA karate haiM to isake yamalika aura valika aise do nAma haiM, jo sthAnAMga ke ullekha se bhinna haiN| vahA~ inake sthAna para jamAlI, bhayAlI (bhagAlI) aise do adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai| punaH cilvaka kA ullekha tattvArtha vArtikakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai usake sthAna para pAla aura ambaSThaputra aise do alaga-alaga nAma mAna liye haiN| yadi hama isakI prAmANikatA kI carcA meM utareM to sthAnAMga kA vivaraNa hameM sarvAdhika prAmANika lagatA hai| sthAnAMga meM antakRddazA ke jo dasa adhyAya batAye gaye haiM unameM nami nAmaka adhyAya vartamAna meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita "nami" nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu abhinna thI yA bhinna thii| nami kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM pArAzara, rAmaputta Adi prAcIna RSiyoM ke sAtha unake nAma kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita dvitIya "mAtaMga" nAmaka adhyayana RSibhASita ke 23veM mAtaMga nAmaka adhyayana ke rupa meM Aja upalabdha hai| yadyapi viSayavastu kI samarupatA ke saMbaMdha meM yahA~ bhI kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| saumila nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma sAmya RSibhASita ke 42veM soma nAmaka adhyAya ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAmaputta nAmaka caturtha adhyayana bhI RSibhASita ke teIsaveM adhyayana ke rupa meM ullikhita hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra dvigRddhidazA ke eka adhyayana kA nAma bhI rAmaputta thaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki antakRtdazA isibhAsiyAiM aura dvigRddhidazA ke rAmaputta nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu bhinna ho, cAhe vyakti vahI ho| sUtrakRtAMgakAra ne rAmaputta kA ullekha arhat pravacana meM eka sammAnita RSi ke rupa meM kiyA hai| rAmaputta kA ullekha pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM hameM vistAra se milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA kA pAcavA~ adhyayana sudarzana hai| vartamAna antakRddazA meM chaThe varga ke dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sudarzana hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra antakRddazA kA chaThA adhyayana jamAlI hai| antakRddazA meM sudarzana kA vistRta ullekha arjuna mAlAkAra ke adhyayana meM bhI hai| jamAlI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 199 bhagavatIsUtra meM jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kriyamANakRta ke siddhAMta kA virodha karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jAmAtR bhI mAnatI hai| paravartI sAhitya niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNiyoM meM bhI jamAlI kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura unheM eka nihnava batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga kI sUcI ke anusAra antakRddazA kA sAtavA~ adhyayana bhayAlI (bhagAlI) hai| "bhagAlI metejj"| sthAnAMga kI sUcI meM antakRtdazA ke AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma kiMkama yA kiMkasa hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA meM chaThe varga ke dvitIya adhyAya kA nAma kiMkama hai, yadyapi yahA~ tatsambandhI vivaraNa kA abhAva hai| sthAnAMga meM antakRtdazA ke 9veM adhyayana kA nAma cilvakayA cillavAka hai| kucha pratiyoM meM isake sthAna para "palletIya" aisA nAma bhI milatA hai isa sambandha meM hameM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hai| digambara AcArya akalaMkadeva bhI isa sambandha meM spaSTa nahIM hai| sthAnAMga meM dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma phAlaambaDaputta batAyA hai| jisakA saMskRtarupa pAlaambaSThaputra ho sakatA hai| ambaDa saMnyAsI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM vistAra se milatA hai| ambaDa ke nAma se eka adhyayana RSibhASita meM bhI hai| yadyapi vivAda kA viSaya yaha ho sakatA hai ki jahA~ RSibhASita aura bhagavatI use ambaDa parivrAjaka kahate haiM yahA~ use ambaDaputta kahA gayA hai| etihAsika dRSTi se gaveSaNA karane para hameM aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM antakRtdazA ke jo 10 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM ve yathArtha vyaktiyoM se sambandhita rahe hoMge kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza ke ullekha anya srotoM se bhI upalabdha haiN| inameM se kucha to aise haiM jinakA ullekha bauddha paramparA meM mila jAtA hai yathA-rAmaputta, somila, mAtaMga aadi| antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate samaya hama sunizcitarupa se itanA kaha sakate haiM ki ina sabameM sthAnAMga saMbaMdhI vivaraNa adhika prAmANika tathA aitihAsika satyatA ko liye hue hai| samavAyAMga meM eka ora isake dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM to dUsarI ora samavAyAMgakAra sAta vargoM kI bhI carcA karatA hai isase aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke uparyukta vivaraNa likhe jAne ke samaya sthAnAMga meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ullekhita antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu badala cukI thI kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kA pUrI taraha nirmANa bhI nahIM ho pAyA thaa| kevala sAta hI varga bane the| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kI racanA nandIsUtra meM tatsaMbaMdhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva nizcita rupa se ho cukI thI kyoMki nandIsUtrakAra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kA koI ullekha nahIM karatA hai| sAtha hI vaha ATha vargoM kI carcA karatA hai| vartamAna antakRtdazA ke bhI ATha varga hI haiN| .. ____ uparyukta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu nandIsUtra kI racanA ke kucha samaya pUrva taka astitva meM A gaI thii| aisA lagatA hai ki vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva hI prAcIna antakRtdazA ke adhyAyoM kI yA to upekSA kara dI gayI yA unheM yatra-tatra anya graMthoM meM jor3a diyA gayA thA aura isa prakAra prAcIna antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu ke sthAna para navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gyii| yahA~ prazna svAbhAvika rupa se utpanna ho sakatA hai ki aisA kyoM kiyA gyaa| kyA vismRti ke AdhAra para prAcIna antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu lupta ho gayI athavA usakI prAcIna viSayavastu saprayojana vahA~ yahA~ se alaga kara dI gii| . ____ merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki viSayavastu kA yaha parivartana vismRti ke kAraNa nahIM, parantu saprayojana hI huA hai| antakRddazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu meM jina dasa vyaktitvoM ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA thA unameM nizcita rupa se mAtaMga, ambaDa, rAmaputta, bhayAlI (bhagAlI) jamAlI Adi aise haiM jo cAhe kisI samaya taka jaina paramparA meM sammAnyarupa se rahe hoM kintu aba ve jaina paramparA ke virodhI yA bAharI mAna liye gaye the| jinapraNIta aMgasUtroM meM unakA ullekha rakhanA samucita nahIM mAnA gyaa| jisa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa se RSibhASita ko saprayojana alaga kiyA gayA usI prakAra antakRddazA se inake vivaraNa ko bhI saprayojana alaga kiyA gyaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jaba jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa ko vAsudeva ke rupa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA to unake tathA unake parivAra se saMbaMdhita kathAnakoM ko kahIM sthAna denA Avazyaka thaa| ataH antakRtdazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu ko badala kara usake sthAna para kRSNa aura unake parivAra se saMbaMdhita pAMca vargoM ko jor3a diyA gyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 201 antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya hamAre sAmane yaha AtA hai ki digambara paramparA meM antakRddazA kI jo viSayavastu tatvArthavArtika meM ullikhita hai vaha sthAnAMga kI sUcI se bahuta kucha mela khAtI hai| yaha kaise sambhava huA? digambara paramparA jahA~ aMga AgamoM ke lopa kI bAta karatI hai to phira tattvArthavArtikakAra ko usakI prAcIna viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI kaise ho gii| merI aisI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke saMbaMdha meM digambara paramparA meM jo kucha bhI jAnakArI prApta huI hai vaha yApanIya paramparA ke mAdhyama se prApta huI aura itanA nizcita hai ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbaroM kA bheda hone taka sthAnAMga meM ullikhita sAmagrI antakRtdazA meM pracalita rahI ho aura tatsaMbaMdhI jAnakArI anuzruti ke mAdhyama se tattvArtha vArtikakAra taka pahuMcI ho| tatvArthavArtikakAra ko bhI kucha nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM avazya hI bhrAMti hai, usake sAmane mUlagraMtha hotA to aisI bhaMta kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| jamAlI kA to saMskRta rupa yamalIka ho sakatA hai kintu bhagAlI yA bhayAlI kA saMskRta rupa valIka kisI prakAra nahIM bntaa| isI prakAra kiMkama kA kiSkambala rupa kisa prakAra banA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| cilvaka yA pallatettIya ke nAma kA apalApa karake pAlaambaSThaputta ko bhI alaga-alaga kara dene se aisA lagatA hai ki vArtikakAra ke samakSa mUla graMtha nahIM hai kevala anuzruti ke rupa meM hI vaha unakI carcA kara rahA hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra viSayavastu saMbaMdhI donoM prakAra kI viSayavastu se avagata haiM vahAM digambara (AcAryoM ko mAtra prAcIna saMskaraNa) upalabdha antakRddazA kI viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM jo ki chaThI zatAbdI meM astitva meM A cukI thI koI jAnakArI nahIM thii| ataH unakA AdhAra kevala anuzruti thA grantha nhiiN| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM kA AdhAra eka ora grantha thA to dUsarI aura sthAnAMga kA vivrnn| dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM antakRtdazA sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM vaha nizcita rupa se tattvArthavArtika * para AdhArita haiN| svayaM dhavalAkAra vIrasena "uktaM ca tattvArthabhASye' kahakara usakA ullekha karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dhavalAkAra ke samakSa bhI prAcIna viSavastu kA koI graMtha upasthita nahIM thaa| ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki prAcIna antakRddazA kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA viSayavastu IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI parivartita ho cukI thI aura chaThI zatAbdI ke anta taka vartamAna antakRddazA astitva meM A cukI thii| saMdarbha :1. sthAnAMga- (saM. madhukara muni) dazama sthAna sUtra 110 evaM 113 . dasa dasAo paNNattAo, taM jahA-kammavivAgadasAo, uvAsaMgadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAo AyAradasAo, paNhavAgaraNadasAo, baMdhadasAo, dogiddhidasAo, dIhaMdasAoM, sNkheviydsaao| aMtagaDadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA~ / . Nami mAtaMge somile, rAmagutte sudaMsaNe cev|| jamAlI ya bhagAlI ya, kiMkase cilletiy| phAle aMbaDaputte ya eme te esa aahitaa|| ___ 2. samavAyAMga- (saM. madhukara muni) prakIrNaka samavAya, sUtra, 539-540 se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo? aMtagaDadasAsu NaM aMtagaDANaM nagarAiM ujjANAiM ceiyAI vaNasaMDAiM rAyANo ammApiyaro samosaraNAiM dhammAyariyA dhammakahAo ihaloiya-paraloiyA iDDhivisesA bhogapariccAyA pavvajjAo suyapariggahA tavovahANAI paDimAo bahuvihAo, khamA ajjavaM maddavaM ca, soaMca saccasahiyaM, sattarasaviho ya saMjamo, uttama, ca baMbha, AkiMcaNayA tavo ciyAo samiiguttIo ceva, taha appamAyajogo, sajjhAyajjhANANa ya uttamANaM dohaMpi lkkhnnaaii| ___ pattANa ya saMjamuttamaM jiyaparIsahANaM caubvihakammakhayammi jaha kevalassa laMbho, pariyAo jattio ya jaha pAlio muNihiM, pAyovagao ya jo jahiM, jattiyANi bhattANi cheyaittA aMtagaDo muNivaro tamarayoghavippamukko, mokkhasuhamaNuttaraM ca pttaa| ee aNNe ya evAmAiatthA vitthAreNaM pruuveii| aMtagaDadasAsuNaM parittA vAyaNA saMkhejjA aNuogadArA saMkhenjAo ghaDivattIo saMkhejjA veDhA saMkhejjA silogA saMkhejjAo nijjuttIo saMkhejjAo sNghnniio| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 203 se NaM aMgaoyAe aome aMge ege suyakkhaMdhe dasa ajjhayaNA satta vaggA dasa uddesaNakAlA dasa samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejjAiM payasayasahassAiM payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA aNaMtA gamA aNaMtA pajjavA parittA tasA aNaMtA thAvarA sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNattAbhAvA Aghavijjati paNNA vijjati parUvijjati daMsijjati nirdasijjati uvdNsijjti| se evaM AyA evaM viNNAyA evaM caraNa-karaNa -parUvaNayA Aghavijjati, paNNavijjati parUvijjati daMsijjati nirdesijjati uvdNsjjiti| settaM aNtgdddsaao| ___3. nandIsUtra (saM. madhukara muni) sUtra 53 pR. 183, se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo? aMtagaDadasAsu NaM aMtagaDANaM nagarAiM, ujjANAiM, vaNasaMDAiM samosaraNAiM, rAyANo, ammA-piyaro, dhammAyariyA, dhammakahAo, ihaloia-paraloiAiDDhivisesA, bhogapariccAyA, pavvajjAo, pariAgA, suapariggahA, tavovahANAiM saMlehaNAo, bhattapaccakkhANAMiM, pAovagamaNAiM aMtakiriAo aaghvijjnti| _____ aMtagaDadasAsu NaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhijjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjA veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo nijjuttIo, saMkhejjAo saMgahaNIo, saMkhejjAo pddivttiio| - seNaM aMgaoyAe aome aMge, ege suakhaMdhe ao vaggA, ao uddesaNakAlA, ao samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejjA payasahassA payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNatA pajjavA, parittA, parittA tasA, aNaMtA thAvarA, sAsaya-kaDa-nibaddha- nikAiA jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Aghaviti, pannavijjati, parUvijjati, daMsijati nirdasijati, uvdNsirjti| se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA, evaM vinnAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA aaghNvijji| se ttaM aNtgdddsaao| 4. tattvArthavArtika- pRSTha 51 saMsArasyAntaH kRto yaiste'ntakRtaH namimataMgasomilarAmaputrasudarzanayamavAlmIkavaloka - niSkaMbalapAlambaSTaputrA ityete daza vrdhmaantiirthNkrtiirthe|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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204: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 5. SaTkhaNDAgama- dhavalA 1/1/2, khaNDa eka, bhAga eka, pustaka eka, pRSTha 103-4 aMtayaDadasA NAma aMgaM tevIsa-lakkha-aovIsa-sahassa-padehi 2328000 ekkekkamhi ya titthe dAruNe bahuvihovasagge sahiUNa pADiheraM laddhaNa NivvAgaM gade dasa-dasa vnnnnedi| uktaM ca tattvArthabhASye-saMsArasyAntaH kRto yaiste'ntakRtaH nami-mataMgasomila-rAmaputra-sudarzana-yamalIkavalIkakiSkavila- pAlambaSThaputrA iti ete daza vrddhmaantiirthkrtiirthe| evamRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrtheSvanye'nye, evaM dazadazAnagArAH dAruNAnupasargAnnirjitya kRtsnakarmakSayAdantakRto dazAsyAM varNyanta iti antkRddshaa| - nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI TI AI. roDa, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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antagar3adazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - mAnamala kudAla pratyeka dharma paramparA meM dharma graMthoM kA AdaraNIya sthAna hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM Agama sAhitya unake prAmANika evaM AdhArabhUta graMtha mAne gaye haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, prakIrNaka Adi vargoM meM vibhAjita hai| yaha vibhAgIkaraNa hameM sarvaprathama vidhimArgaprapA (AcArya jinaprabha 13vIM zatAbdi) meM prApta hotA hai| anya AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM "aMtakRtadzAMga' kA ullekha aMga praviSTa AgamoM meM AThaveM sthAna para huA hai| Agama sAhitya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke adhyayana-viSayaka jitane ullekha prApta hote haiM, ve saba aMgoM aura pUrvo se saMbaMdhita haiM aura ve saba hameM "antakRtadzAMga'' meM bhI prApta hote haiM jaise :- (ka) sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM ko paDhane vAle : 1. antagaDa, prathama varga meM bha ariSTanemi ke ziSya gautama ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai :"sAmAiyamAiyAi ekkArasaaMgAiM ahijjai" antagaDa, paMcama varga, prathama adhyayana meM bha ariSTanemi kI ziSyA padmAvatI ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai :"sAmAiyamAiyAi ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" antagaDa, aSTama varga, prathama, adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ziSyA kAlI ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai : "sAmAiyamAiyAi ekkArasaaMgAiM ahijjai" 4. antagaDa, SaSTha varga, 15veM adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya atimuktakakumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai : "sAmAiyamAiyAi ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" (kha) bAraha aMgoM ko par3hane vAle :- antagaDa, caturtha varga, prathama adhyayana 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA meM bhagavAna ariSTanemI ke ziSya jAlIkumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai :- "bArasaMgI' (ga) caudaha pUrvo ko par3hane vAle : (1 ) antagar3a, tRtIya varga, navama adhyayana meM bhagavAna amiSTanemi ke ziSya sumukhakumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai :"cauddasapuvvAiiM ahijjai" (2) antagar3a, tRtIya varga, prathama adhyayana meM bha, ariSTanemi ke ziSya aNIyasakumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai :"sAmAiyamAiyAI cauddasapuvvAiM ahijjai" 44 44 nAmakaraNa :- " aMtakRtadzAsUtra" meM janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA anta karane vAlI pavitra AtmAoM kA varNana aura isake dasa adhyayana hone se isakA nAma " antakRtadzA'' hai| isa sUtra ke nAmakaraNa ke bAre meM hameM vibhinna prakAra ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| "samavAyAMga" meM isa sUtra ke dasa adhyayana aura sAta varga batAye haiN| AcArya devavAcaka ne nandIsUtra meM ATha vargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, dasa adhyayanoM kA nhiiN|' AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga vRtti meM donoM hI uparyukta AgamoM ke kathana meM sAmaMjasya biThAne kA prayAsa karate hue likhA hai ki prathama varga meM dasa adhyayana hai, isa dRSTi se samavAyAMga sUtra meM dasa adhyayana aura anya vargoM kI apekSA se sAta varga kahe haiN| nandIsUtrakAra ne adhyayanoM kA koI ullekha na kara kevala ATha varga batalAye haiN|" yahA~ prazna yaha uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta sAmaMjasya kA nirvAha anta taka kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai? kyoMki samavAyAMga meM hI antakRddazA ke zikSAkAla dasa kahe gaye haiM jabaki nandIsUtra meM unakI sakhyA ATha batAI hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne svayaM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki hameM uddezanakAloM ke antara kA abhiprAya jJAta nahIM haiN|' AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne nandIsUtra cUrNi' meM aura AcArya haribhadra ne nandIvRtti meM likhA hai ki prathama varga ke dasa adhyayana hone se inakA nAma " 'antagaDadasAo' hai| nandIcUrNIkAra ne 'dazA' kA artha avasthA kiyA hai|" yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza to hai kintu una adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA saMketa nahIM hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra batalAye haiM : For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 207 nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, jamAli, bhagAli, kiMkaSa, cilvakka, phAla aura aNbddputr|' akalaMka ne rAjavArtika aura zubhacandra ne aMgapaNNatti'' meM kucha pAThabhedoM ke sAtha dasa nAma diye haiM- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, yamaloka, valIka, kaMbala, pAla aura aNbssttputr| isameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki prastuta Agama meM pratyeka tirthaMkara ke samaya meM hone vAle dasa-dasa antakRta kevaliyoM kA varNana hai| isakA samarthana vIrasena aura jayasena jo jayadhavalAkAra haiM ne bhI kiyA hai| nandIsUtra meM na to dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai aura na unake nAmoM kA hI nirdeza hai| samavAyAMga aura tattvArtharAjavArtika meM jina adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai ve adhyayana vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazAMga meM nahI hai| nandIsUtra meM vahI varNana hai jo vartamAna meM aMtakRtdazA meM upalabdha hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki vartamAna meM antakRtdazA kA jo rupa prApta hai vaha AcArya devavAcaka ke samaya ke pUrva kA hai| vartamAna meM antakRtadzA meM ATha varga haiM aura prathama varga ke dasa adhyayana haiM kintu jo nAma sthAnAMga, tattvArtharAjavArtika va aMgapaNNati meM Aye haiM unase pRthaka haiN| jaise gautama, samudra, sAgara, gaMbhIra, stimita, acala, kAMpilya, akSobha, prasenajita aura vissnnu| AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMga vRtti meM ise vAcanAntara kahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA samavAyAMga meM varNita vAcanA se alaga hai| kitane hI vidvAnoM ne yaha bhI kalpanA kI hai ki pahale isa Agama meM * upAsakadazA kI taraha dasa hI adhyayana hoMge, jisa taraha upAsakadazA meM dasa zramaNopAsakoM kA varNana hai isI taraha prastuta Agama meM bhI dasa arhatoM kI kathAe~ AI hogii| uparokta varNana se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki antakRddazA meM una nabbe mahApurUSoM kA jIvanavRttAnta saMgrahita haiM, jinhoMne saMyama evaM tapa sAdhanA dvArA sampUrNa karmoM para vijaya prApta karake jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM mokSa-pada kI prApti kii| isa prakAra jIvana-maraNa ke cakra kA anta kara dene vAle mahApurUSoM ke jIvanavRtta ke varNana ko hI pradhAnatA dene ke kAraNa isa zAstra ke nAma kA prathama avayava "antakRta" hai| nAma kA dUsarA avayava For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA "dazA'" zabda hai| dazA zabda ke do artha haiM :(1) jIvana kI bhogAvasthA se yogAvasthA kI ora gamana "dazA" kahalAtA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM zuddha avasthA kI ora nirantara pragati hI "dazA" hai| jisa Agama meM dasa adhyayana hoM usa Agama ko bhI "dazA" kahA gayA hai| prastuta sUtra meM pratyeka antakRta sAdhaka nirantara zuddhAvasthA kI ora gamana karatA hai, ataH isa grantha meM antakRta sAdhakoM kI dazA . ke varNana ko hI pradhAnatA dene se "antakRtdazA" kahA gayA hai| antakRtdazA sUtra ke kartA evaM racanAkAla :- aMga AgamoM ke udgAtA svayaM tIrthaMkara aura sUtrabaddha racanA karane vAle gaNadhara haiN| aMgabAhya AgamoM ke mUla AdhAra tIrthaMkara aura unheM sUtra rupa meM racane vAle haiM- caturdazapUrvI, dazapUrvI aura pratyekabuddha aacaary| mUlAcAra meM AcArya vaTTakera ne gaNadharaM kathita, pratyeka buddha kathita aura abhinnadazapUrvI kathita, sUtroM ko pramANabhUta mAnA hai|" __ isa prakAra aMgapraviSTa sAhitya ke udgAtA bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM aura inake racayitA gaNadhara sudhrmaasvaamii| aMgabAhya sAhitya meM kartRtva kI dRSTi se aneka Agama sthaviroM dvArA racita hai aura aneka dvAdazAMgoM se uddhRta haiN| vartamAna meM jo aMgasAhitya upalabdha hai vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna gaNadhara sudharmA kI racanA hai isalie aMga-sAhitya kA racanAkAla I.pU chaThI zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| aMga bAhya kI racanA eka vyakti kI nahIM ho ataH una sabhI kA eka samaya nahIM ho sktaa| prajJApanAsUtra ke racayitA zyAmAcArya haiM to dazavekAlika sUtra ke racayitA AcArya zayyaMbhava haiN| nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka haiM to dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra ke kartA caturdazapUrvI ke bhadrabAhu kucha vidvAna AgamoM kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 980 athavA 993vA~ varSa jo devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kA hai, mAnate hai unakA yaha samaya mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM, kyoMki devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne to AgamoM ko isa kAla meM lipibaddha kiyA thA, kintu Agama to prAcIna hI hai| pahale Agama sAhitya ko likhane kA niSedha thA use kaNThastha rupa meM rakhane kI paramparA thii| lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka vaha kaNThastha rahA jisase zrutavacanoM meM kucha parivartana honA svAbhAvika For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #238
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 209 thA parantu devArddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne ise pustakArUr3ha kara inakA hAsa hone se bacA liyaa| isake bAda kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara zruta-sAhitya meM parivartana nahIM huaa| kucha sthaloM para thor3A bahuta pATha prakSipta va parivartana huA hoM kintu AgamoM kI prAmANikatA meM koI antara nahIM aayaa| antakRtadzAMga kI bhASA-zailI :- jisa prakAra veda-chAndasa bhASA meM, bauddhapiTaka pAli bhASA meM nibaddha hai, usI prakAra jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM dharma kA vyAkhyAna karate haiN| bhagavAna dvArA bhASita arddhamAgadhI Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada, mRga, pazu, pakSI, Adi sabhI kI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai- unake lie hitakara, kalyANakara tathA sukhakara hotI hai|'' AcArAMgacUrNI meM bhI isI Azaya kA ullekha hai| dazavakAlika vRtti meM bhI isI prakAra ke Azaya evaM bhAva vyakta kiye gaye haiM- cAritra kI kAmanA karane vAle bAlaka, strI, vRddha, mUrkha, anapar3ha sabhI logoM para anugraha karane ke lie tatvadraSTAoM ne siddhAnta kI racanA prAkRta meM kii| prastuta Agama kI bhASA bhI ardhamAgadhI hai| "antakRtdazAsUtra" kI racanA kathAtmaka zailI meM kI gaI hai| isa zailI ko "kathAnuyoga' kahA jAtA hai| isa zailI meM "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM" se kathA kA prArambha kiyA jAtA hai| AgamoM meM jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazAMga, anuttaraupapAtika, vipAkasUtra aura antakRtdazAMga sUtra isI zailI meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| isa Agama meM prAyaH svarAntarupa grahaNa karane kI zailI ko hI apanAyA gayA hai jaise :- parivasati, parivasai, rAyavaNNato, rAyavaNNao, egavIsAte, egavIsAe aadi| isa Agama meM prAyaH saMkSiptikaraNa kI zailI ko apanAte hue zabdAnta meM bindayojanA dvArA athavA aMka yojanA dvArA avaziSTa pATha ko vyakta karane kI prAcIna zailI apanAI hai| isa sUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para tapoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, isake aSTama varga meM vizeSa rupa se tapoM ke svarupa evaM paddhatiyoM ko vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jinake aneka vidha sthApanAyantra prApta hote hai| ____viSaya-vastu :- antakRtddazAMga sUtra meM una strI-purUSoM ke AkhyAna haiM, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
210 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jinhoMne apane karmoM kA anta karake mokSa prApta kiyA hai| isameM 900 zloka, 8 varga aura 9 adhyayana hai| ye ATha varga kramazaH 10,8,13,10,10,16,13, aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka adhyayana meM kisI na kisI vyakti kA nAma avazya AtA hai| kintu kathAnaka apUrNa hai, adhikAMza varNanoM ko anya sthAna se pUrNa kara lene kI sUcanA dI gaI haiN| "vaNNao' kI paramparA dvArA kathAnakoM ko anyatra se pUrA kara . lene ko kahA gayA hai| prathama adhyayana meM gautama kA kathAnaka dvArAvatI nagarI ke rAjA andhakavRSNi kI rAnI dhAraNI devI kI suptAvasthA taka varNana kara kaha diyA gayA hai aura batAyA hai ki svapnadarzana, kumArajanma, usakA bAlakapana, vidyAgrahaNa, yauvana, pANigrahaNa, vivAha, prasAda evaM bhogoM kA varNana mahAbala kI kathA ke samAna citrita hai| Age vAle prAyaH sabhI adhyayanoM meM nAyaka-nAyikA mAtra kA nAma nirdeza kara varNana anyatra se avagata kara lene kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| isa Agama ke AkhyAnoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama pAMca vargoM ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha ariSTanemi ke sAtha haiM aura zeSa tIna varga ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha mahAvIra.tathA zreNika ke sAtha hai| isa Agama meM mUlataH dasa adhyayana rahe hoMge, uttarakAla meM isako vikasita kara yaha rupa huA hai| prathama varga se lekara pAMcave varga meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva.kA varNana AyA hai| madhukaramuni dvArA saMpAdita antakRtddazA sUtra kI bhUmikA meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kI prAmANikatA ke bAre meM vistRta varNana kiyA hai unake anusAra zrIkRSNa vAsudeva jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparA meM atyadhika carcita rahe haiN| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM vAsudeva, viSNu, nArAyaNa, govinda, prabhRti unake aneka nAma pracalita haiN| zrIkRSNa, vAsudeva ke putra the, isaliye ve vAsudeva khlaaye| mahAbhArata zAntiparva meM kRSNa ko viSNu kA rupa batAyA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa, viSNu ke pUrva avatAra haiN|' mahAbhAratakAra ne unheM nArAyaNa mAnakara stuti kI hai| vahAM unake divya aura bhavya mAnavIya svarupa ke darzana hote haiN| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM unake nArAyaNa nAma kA ullekha huA hai| taitarIyAraNyaka meM unheM sarvaguNasampanna kahA hai| mahAbhArata ke nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna meM nArAyaNa ko sarvezvara kA rupa diyA hai mArkaNDeya ne yudhiSThira ko yaha batAyA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #240
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 211 ki janArdana hI svayaM nArAyaNa haiN| mahAbhArata meM aneka sthaloM para unake nArAyaNa rupa kA nirdeza hai| padmapurANa, vAyupurANa, vAmanapurANa, karmapurANa, brahmavaidartapurANa, harivaMzapurANa aura zrImadbhAgavata meM vistAra se zrIkRSNa kA caritra varNita hai| ____ chAndogya upaniSada meM kRSNa ko devakI kA putra kahA hai| ve ghora aMgirasa RSi ke nikaTa adhyayana karate hai| zrImadbhAgavat meM kRSNa ko paramabrahma batAyA hai| ve jJAna, zAnti, bala, aizvarya, vIrya aura teja ina chaha guNoM meM viziSTa haiN| unake jIvana ke vividha rupoM kA citraNa sAhitya meM huA hai| vaidika paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apanI dRSTi se zrIkRSNa ke caritra ko citrita kiyA hai| jayadeva vidyApati Adi ne kRSNa ke premI rupa ko grahaNa kara kRSNabhakti kA prAdurbhAva kiyaa| sUradAsa Adi aSThachApa ke kaviyoM ne kRSNa kI bAla-lIlA aura yauvana-lIlA kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyaa| rItikAla ke kaviyoM ke ArAdhya deva zrIkRSNa rahe aura unhoMne gItikAe~ va muktakoM ke rupa meM paryApta sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| Adhunika yuga meM bhI vaidika paramparA ke vijJoM ne priya-pravAsa, kRSNAvatAra Adi aneka grantha likhe haiN| ... bauddha sAhitya ke ghaTajAtaka' meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA varNana AyA hai| yadyapi ghaTanAkrama meM va nAmoM meM paryApta antara hai, tathApi kRSNa-kathA kA hArda eka sadRza hai| jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sarvaguNasampanna, zreSTha, caritraniSTha, atyanta dayAlu zaraNAgatavatsalaM, dhIra, vinayI, mAtRbhakta, mahAnavIra, dharmAtmA, kartavyaparAyaNa, buddhimAna, nItimAna aura tejasvI vyaktitva ke dhanI haiN| samavAyAMga' meM unake tejasvI vyaktitva kA jo citraNa hai, vaha adbhuta hai, ve trikhaNDa ke adhipati ardhacakrI haiN| unake zarIra para eka sau ATha prazasta cihna the| ve naravRSabha aura devarAja indra ke sadRza the, mahAn yoddhA the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM tIna sau sATha yuddha kiye kintu kisI bhI yuddha meM ve parAjita nahIM hue| unameM bIsa lAkha aSTapadoM kI zakti thii|'' kintu unhoMne apanI zakti kA kabhI bhI durupayoga nahIM kiyaa| vaidika paramparA kI bhAMti jaina paramparA ne vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ko Izvara kA aMza yA avatAra nahIM mAnA hai| ve zreSThatama zAsaka the| bhautika dRSTi se ve usa yuga ke sarvazreSTha adhinAyaka the kintu nidAnakRta hone se ve AdhyAtmika dRSTi se caturtha guNasthAna se Age vikAsa na kara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #241
212 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA ske| ve tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke parama bhakta the| ariSTanemi se zrIkRSNa, vaya kI dRSTi se jyeSTha the to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ariSTanemi jyeSTha the| " eka dharmavIra the to dUsare karmavIra the, eka nivRtti pradAna the to dUsare pravRtti pradAna the| ataH jaba bhI ariSTanemi dvArakA meM padhArate taba zrIkRSNa unakI upAsanA ke lie pahu~cate the| antakRddazA, samavAyAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, sthAnAMga, nirayAvalikA, praznavyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana, prabhRti AgamoM meM unakA yazasvI va tejasvI vyaktitva ujAgara huA hai| Agamika vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya aura TIkA graMthoM meM unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita aneka ghaTanAe~ haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne kRSNa ke jIvanta prasaMgoM ko lekara zatAdhika graMthoM kI racanAe~ kI hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se ve racanAe~ prAkRta, apabhraMza saMskRta, purAnI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI va hindI bhASA meM hai| prastuta Agama meM zrIkRSNa kA cahu~mukhI vyaktitva nihArA jA sakatA hai| ve tIna khaNDa ke adhipati hone para bhI mAtA-pitA ke paramabhakta the| mAtA devakI kI abhilASApUrti ke lie ve hariNagameSI deva kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| bhAI ke prati bhI unakA atyanta sneha hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke prati bhI atyanta niSThAvAna hai| jahA~ eka ora ve raNakSetra meM asAdhAraNa vIratA kA paricaya dekara ripumardana karate haiM, vajra se bhI kaThora pratIta hote haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora eka vRddha vyakti ko dekhakara unakA hRdaya anukampA se dravita ho jAtA hai aura usake sahayoga ke lie svayaM bhI IMTa uThA lete haiN| dvArakA vinAza kI bAta sunakara ve sabhI ko yaha preraNA pradAna karate haiM ki bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravajyA grahaNa kro| dIkSitoM ke parivAra ke pAlana-poSaNa Adi kI vyavasthA maiM kruuNgaa| svayaM kI mahArAniyA~, putra-putriyA~ aura pautra jo bhI pravrajyA ke lie taiyAra hote haiM unheM ve saharSa anumati dete haiN| AvazyakacUrNi meM varNana hai ki ve pUrNarupa se guNAnurAgI the| kutte ke zarIra meM kulabulAte huye kIr3oM kI ora dRSTi na DAlakara usake camacamAte hue dA~toM kI prazaMsA kI, jo unake guNAnurAga kA spaSTa pratIka hai| prastuta Agama ke pA~ca varga taka bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravrajita hone For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #242
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 213 vAle sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| yadyapi Adhunika itihAsakAra unheM nizcita taura para aitihAsika purUSa nahIM mAnate hai, kintu unakI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| jaba usa yuga meM hone vAle zrIkRSNa ko aitihAsika purUSa mAnA jAtA hai to unheM bhI aitihAsika purUSa mAnane meM saMkoca nahIM honA caahie| jaina paramparA meM hI nahIM, vaidika paramparA meM bhI ariSTanemi kA ullekha aneka sthaloM para huA hai| Rgveda meM ariSTanemi zabda cAra bAra AyA hai| "svasti nastAyo ariSTanemiH"1" yahA~ para ariSTanemi zabda bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke lie hI AyA hai| isake atirikta bhI Rgveda ke anya sthaloM para "tArthya ariSTanemi" kA varNana hai| yajurveda" aura sAmaveda meM bhI bhagavAn ariSTanemi ko tArkSya ariSTanemi likhA hai jo bhagavAna kA hI nAma honA caahie| unhoMne rAjA sagara ko mokSa-mArga kA jo upadeza diyA, vaha jainadharma ke mokSa-mantavyoM se atyadhika milatA-julatA hai|40 aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki sagara ke samaya meM vaidika loga mokSa meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the| ataH yaha upadeza kisI zramaNa saMskRti ke RSi kA hI honA caahie| yajurveda meM eka sthAna para ariSTanemi kA varNana isa prakAra hai- adhyAtma yajJa ko prakaTa karane vAle, saMsAra ke sabhI bhavya jIvoM ko yathArtha upadeza dene vAle, jinake upadeza se jIvoM kI AtmA balavAna hotI hai, una sarvajJa neminAtha ke lie Ahuti samarpita karatA huuN|" DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| - skandapurANa ke prabhAsa khaNDa meM eka varNana hai- apane janma ke pichale bhAga meM vAmana ne tapa kiyaa| usa tapa ke prabhAva se ziva ne vAmana ko darzana diye| ve ziva, zyAmavarNa, acela tathA padmAsana meM sthita the| vAmana ne unakA nAma neminAtha rkhaa| neminAtha isa ghora kalikAla meM saba pApoM kA nAza karane vAle haiN| unake darzana aura sparza se karor3oM yajJoM kA phala prApta hotA hai|' prabhAsapurANa meM bhI ariSTanemi kI stuti kI gaI hai| mahAbhArata anuzAsana For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA parva meM "zUraH zaurirjinezvara" pada AyA hai| vidvAnoM ne "zUraHzaurirjinezvaraH" mAnakara usakA artha ariSTanemi kiyA hai| laMkAvatAra ke tRtIya parivartana meM tathAgata buddha ke nAmoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| unameM eka nAma "ariSTanemi'' hai|46 sambhava hai ahiMsA ke divya Aloka ko jagamagAne ke kAraNa ariSTanemi atyadhika lokapriya ho gaye the jisake kAraNa unakA nAma buddha kI nAma-sUcI meM bhI AyA hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN. rAma caudharI ne apanI kRti vaiSNava paramparA ke prAcIna itihAsa meM zrIkRSNa ko ariSTanemi kA cacerA bhAI batalAyA hai| karnala TaoNDa ne ariSTanemi ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki mujhe aisA jJAta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM cAra meghAvI mahApurUSa hue haiM, unameM eka AdinAtha haiM, dUsare neminAtha haiM, neminAtha hI skrendrIneviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama odina tathA cIniyoM ke prathama "pho" devatA the| prasiddha koSakAra DaoN negendranAtha vasu, purAtatvavettA DaoNkTara phuharara, pro. vAraneTa, misTara karavA, DaoN. haridatta, DaoN. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra prabhRti aneka vidvAnoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki bhagavAn ariSTanemi eka prabhAvazAlI purUSa the| unheM aitihAsika purUSa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA nAma "ghora AMgirasa RSi" AyA hai, jinhoMne zrI kRSNa ko AtmayajJa kI zikSA pradAna kI thii| dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kA mAnanA hai ki AMgirasa bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA hI nAma thaa|48 AMgirasa RSi ne zrIkRSNa se kahA- zrIkRSNa jaba mAnava kA anta samaya sannikaTa Aye usa samaya usako tIna bAtoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhiye 1. tvaM akSatamasi - tU avinazvara hai| 2. tvaM acyutamasi - tU acyuta hai| 3. tvaM prANasaMzitamasi - tU prANiyoM kA jIvanadAtA hai| prastuta upadeza ko zravaNakara zrIkRSNa apipAsa ho gye| ve apane Apako dhanya anubhava karane lge| prastuta kathana kI tulanA antakRtdazA meM Aye hue bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke isa kathana se kara sakate haiM ki jaba bhagavAna ke mu~ha se dvArakA kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 215 vinAza aura jarAkumAra ke hAtha se svayaM apanI mRtyu kI bAta sunakara zrIkRSNa kA mukhakamala murjhA jAtA hai, taba bhagavAna kahate haiM- he zrIkRSNa! tuma cintA na kro| AgAmI bhava meM tuma amama nAmaka tIrthaMkara banoge | 1deg yaha sunakara zrIkRSNa saMtuSTa evaM khedarahita ho gye| prastuta Agama meM zrIkRSNa ke choTe bhAI gajasukumAra kA prasaMga atyanta preraNAspada evaM rocaka hai| ve bhagavan ariSTanemi ke upadeza se itane prabhAvita hue ki saba kucha chor3akara zramaNa bana jAte haiM aura mahAkAla nAmaka zmazAna meM jAkara bhikSu mahApratimA svIkAra kara dhyAna meM lIna ho jAte haiN| idhara somila nAmaka brAhmaNa dekhatA hai ki merA hone vAlA jAmAtA zramaNa bana gayA hai to use atyanta krodha AtA hai aura socatA hai ki isane merI beTI ke jIvana ke sAtha khilavAr3a kiyA hai, krodha se usakA viveka kSINa ho jAtA hai| usane gajasukumAra muni ke sira para miTTI kI pAla bAMdhakara dhadhakate aMgAra rakha diye| usake mastaka, camar3I, majjA, mA~sa Adi ke jalane se mahAbhayaMkara vedanA hotI hai phira bhI ve dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hote haiN| unake mana meM jarA bhI virodha evaM pratizodha kI bhAvanA paidA nahIM huii| yaha thI roSa para toSa kI vijy| dAnavatA para mAnavatA kI vijaya, jisake phalasvarupa unhoMne kevala eka hI dina meM apane caritra - paryAya ke dvArA mokSa ko prApta kiyaa| caturtha varga ke dasa adhyayanoM meM una dasa rAjakumAroM kA varNana haiM jinhoMne rAjya ke sampUrNa vaibhava va ThATa-bATa ko chor3akara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke pAsa ugra tapazcaryA kara kevalajJAna ko prApta kara mokSa prApta kiyaa| isa varga meM nimna dasa rAjakumAroM kA varNana hai : kra.saM. 1. 2 3. nAma jAli kumAra mAli kumAra uvayAli kumAra purUSasena kumAra pitA ma. vasudeva ma. vasudeva ma. vasudeva ma. vasudeva For Personal & Private Use Only mAtA rAnI dhAriNI rAnI dhAriNI rAnI dhAriNI rAnI dhAriNI

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216 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vAriSeNa kumAra 5. 6. pradyumna kumAra 7. zAmba kumAra 8. anirUddha kumAra satyanemi kumAra 9. 10. dRDhanemi kumAra ma. vasudeva zrIkRSNa- vAsudeva zrIkRSNa - vAsudeva pradyumna kumAra ma. samudra vijaya .ma. samudra vijaya isa varga meM varNana AyA hai ki ina sabhI rAjakumAroM kA jIvana gautama kumAra kI taraha thaa| ina sabhI ne pacAsa-pacAsa kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| bAraha varSa taka aMgoM kA adhyayana kara solaha varSa taka saMyama kA pAlana kiyA aura anta meM zatruMjaya parvata para mukta avasthA prApta kii| rAnI dhAriNI rAnI rUkmiNI rAnI jAmbavatI rAnI daidarbhI rAnI zivA rAnI zivA pA~cave varga ke dasa adhyayanoM meM zrIkRSNa- vAsudeva kI ATha rAniyoM tathA do putravadhuoM ke vairAgyamaya jIvana kA varNana hai| zrIkRSNa kI rAniyoM meM padmAvatI, gaurI gAndhArI, lakSmaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI, satyabhAmA tathA rUkmiNI devI tathA putravadhuoM meM mUlazrI evaM mUladattA devI hai| rAjya vaibhava ko tyAgakara vairAgya mArga ko apanAne meM rAjarAniyA~ bhI kisI se kama nahIM hai| yaha apUrva udAharaNa hai| isI varga meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ne zrI kRSNa ko kahA thA ki ve Ane vAlI caubIsI meM jambUdvIpa ke antargata bhAratavarSa ke puNDradeza ke zatadvAra nAmaka nagara meM amama nAmaka bArahaveM tIrthakara bneNgeN| isa varga kA eka aura prasaMga mahatvapUrNa hai jisameM bhagavAna ariSTanemi dvArA dvArikA kA vinAza surApAna ke kAraNa yaduvaMzI yuvaka dvaipAyana RSi kA apamAna kareMge aura dvaipAyana RSi agnikumAra deva banakara dvArikA nagarI kA vinAza kreNge| chaThe varga meM solaha adhyayana haiN| prathama aura dvitIya adhyayana meM maMkAti aura kiMkarmA gAthApati, tRtIya adhyayana meM arjunamAlI, caturtha adhyayana se caudahaveM adhyayana meM kAzyapa, kSemaka, dhRtidhara, kailAza, haricandana, vAradattaka, sudarzana, pUrNabhadra, sumanabhadra, supratiSThita aura meghakumAra muni, pandrahaveM adhyayana maiM atimukta kumAra aura solahaveM adhyayana meM alakSa nareza kA varNana AyA hai| maMkAI tathA kiMkama For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 217 ne solaha varSa taka guNaratna saMvatsara tapa kI ArAdhanA kara vipulagiri partata para siddhAvasthA prApta kii| isake tRtIya adhyayana meM arjunamAlI aura usakI patni bandhumatI kA mArmika varNana prApta hotA hai jo mudgarapANi nAmaka yakSa kI upAsanA karate the| lalita goSThI ke chaha sadasyoM dvArA bandhumatI ke caritra haraNa karane para arjunamAlI ko krodha AtA hai aura mudgarapANi yakSa ke sahayoga se una chahoM sadasyoM ko mAra detA haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rAjagRha nagara meM Agamana para sudarzana nAmaka zreSThI unake darzanArtha jAte hai| sudarzana para bhI vaha krodhita hotA hai parantu sudarzana apane jIvana ko samatA-sAdhanA meM lagAkara arjunamAlI kA kodha zAMta kara detA hai aura ve donoM bhagavAna ke pAsa pahu~ca kara zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara ugra tapazcaryA karate haiN| jisake nAma se eka dina bar3e-bar3e vIroM ke pA~va tharrAte the aura hRdaya kA~pate the, jisane teraha dina meM 1141 vyaktiyoM kI hatyAe~ kI thI, vahI arjunamAlI zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara logoM ke kaTuvacana tathA tiraskAra ko nirjarA kA hetu samajhakara apanI indriyoM kA damana karatA hai| vaha nimitta ko doSI nahIM mAnate hue apane karmoM kA doSa mAnate hue samatva bhAvanA kA cintana karate hue bhayaMkara upasargoM ko zAnta bhAva se sahana karatA huA ugra sAdhanA ke dvArA chaha mAha meM hI mukti prApta kara letA hai| isI varga ke pandrahaveM adhyayana meM bAlamuni atimuktaka kumAra kA mArmika varNana prApta hotA hai jo sAdhanA kI dRSTi se sabhI muniyoM ke lie preraNAstrota hai isa prasaMga se yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vaya kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai jo sAdhaka vaya kI dRSTi se bhale hI choTA ho parantu yadi usameM sAdhanA kI yogyatA hai to vaha dIkSita ho 'sakatA hai| isa adhyayana meM atimuktaka aura gotama gaNadhara kA samAgama aura bhagavAna mahAvIra se carcAe~ mukhya hai| atimuktaka kumAra kA unake mAtA-pitA ke sAtha saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA prasaMga mArmika hai mAtA-pitA ne atimuktaka kumAra ko isa prakAra kahA- 'he putra! tuma abhI bAlaka ho / asaMbuddha ho| tuma abhI dharma-tatva ko kyA jAnate ho? taba atimuktaka kumAra ne kahA he mAtA-pitA! maiM jisako jAnatA hU~, usako nahIM jAnatA hU~, aura jisako nahIM jAnatA hU~, usI ko jAnatA huuN| taba unhoMne kahA ki he mAtA-pitA! maiM jAnatA hU~ ki jisane janma liyA hai usakI mRtyu nizcita hai kintu maiM yaha nahIM jAnatA ki mRtyu kaba, kisa samaya athavA kahA~ arthAt kisa For Personal & Private Use Only

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218 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sthAna para kaisI avasthA meM aayegii| jIva kina karmo naraka Adi meM janma lete hai yaha maiM nahIM jAnatA, kintu yaha jAnatA hU~ ki karmabandha ke kAraNoM se nArakI Adi yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| ataH maiM sayaMma aMgIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN| bhagavatI sUtra meM ullekha hai ki zauca ke lie jAte samaya rAste meM pAnI ko dekhakara atimuktaka kumAra kA bAlakapana ubhara AyA aura eka pAtra usa pAnI meM chor3akara ve kahane lage- "tira merI naiyA tir-"| parantu anya sthaviroM ko unakA yaha kRtya zramaNamaryAdA ke viparIta lgaa| ataH unheM upAlambha diyaa| atimuktaka ko isa kRtya para atyanta pazcAtAp' huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sthaviroM ke mana kI bhAvanA ko jAnakara unheM kahA ki atimuktaka isI bhava meM mokSa prApta kreNge| inakI nindA aura garhaNA mata kro| yahA~ mukti ke lie pazcAtApa ke Adarza mArga ko atimuktaka muni ke prasaMga se darzAyA hai| saptama varga ke 13 adhyayana haiN| ina teraha adhyayanoM meM rAjagRha nagara ke samrATa rAjA zreNika kI teraha rAniyoM ke bIsa varSa taka saMyama pAlana kara anta meM siddhatva prApti kA ullekha hai| ye teraha rAniyA~ haiM- naMdA, naMdavatI, naMdottarA, naMdazreNikA, marUtA, samarUtA, mahAmarUtA, marUdevA, bhadrA, subhadrA, sujAtA, sumanAyikA aura bhuutdttaa| aSTama varga ke 10 adhyayana haiN| inameM rAjA zreNika kI rAniyoM kI kaThora tapazcaryA kA varNana hai jo roMgaTe khar3e karane vAlA hai| ina mahArAniyoM ke chuTa-puTa jIvana prasaMga anya AgamoM meM bhI vistAra se milate haiN| ye mahArAniyA~ apane jIvana ke anta meM saMlekhanA pUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kara mukti prApta karatI haiN| isa varga ke prathama adhyayana meM kAlI devI ke "ratnAvalI tapa", dUsare adhyayana meM sukAlI devI ke "kanakAvalI tapa", tRtIya adhyayana meM mahAkAlI devI ke "laghusiMha niSkrIr3ita tapa", caturtha adhyayana meM kRSNA devI ke "mahAsiniSkrIr3ita tapa", paMcama adhyayana meM sukRSNA devI ke "saptasaptamikA bhikSupratikA tapa", SaSTha adhyayana meM mahAkRSNA devI ke "laghusarvatobhadra tapa", saptama adhyayana meM vIrakRSNA devI ke "mahAsarvatobhadra tapa", aSTama adhyayana meM rAmakRSNA devI ke "bhadrottarapratimA tapa", navama adhyayana meM pitRsena kRSNa devI ke "muktAvalI tapa" tathA dazama adhyayana meM mahAsenakRSNA devI ke "AyaMbila-vardhamAna tapa" kA varNana hai jo zramaNoM ke lie anukaraNIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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kra. sa. | nAma tapa . tapazcaryAkAla taracama tapa ke dina pAraNe ratnAvalI tapa eka paripATI-88 eka paripATI- 1varSa, 3 mAsa, 22 dina cAra paripATI-5 varSa, 2 mAsa, 28 dina, eka paripATI- 1 varSa-24 dina cAra paripATI-4 varSa, 3mAsa,6 dina cAra paripATI-352 kalakAvalI tapa eka paripATI-88 eka paripATI- 1 varSa, 5 mAsa, 12 dina cAra paripATI-5 varSa, 9 mAsa,18 dina eka paripATI-1 varSa, 2mAha,14dina cAra paripATI-4varSa, 9mAsa,26dina cAra paripATI-352 eka paripATI-6mAsa,dina eka paripATI-33 khuDDAgasiMha nikIliyaM (laghusiMha nikIliyaMtapa) eka paripATI-5mAha,4dina cAra paripATI-1varSa, mAsa,16dina cAra paripATI-2varSa,28dina cAra paripATI-132 eka paripATI-61 For Personal & Private Use Only eka paripATI-1varSa,4 mAha,17dina cAra paripATI-5varSa,6mAsa,8dina cAra paripATI-244 mahAsiMha nikIliyaM / eka paripATI-1varSa,6mAsa,18dina cAra paripATI-6varSa,2mAsa,12dina satasatamiyA mikkhU 49dina,196 dattio pratibhA pradibhA tapa aTThaaTThamiyA mikkhU 64dina,288 dattio pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 219 padimA tapa 81divasa,405 dattioM navanavAmiyAmikkhU padimA

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kra.saM. nAma tapa tapazcaryAkAla tapa ke dina pAraNe 8 dasadasamiyAmikkhU 100divasa, 550dattioM padimA khuauyAsavvatobhadda 75divasa, pAraNe-29 220 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA padimA I0 mahAsarvatobhadra 196divasa, pAraNe-49 padimA For Personal & Private Use Only 11 bhadrotara pratibhA 175 divasa, pAraNe-29 12 muktAvalI eka paripATI 11mAsa,25dina . eka paripATI-285dina eka paripATI- 60pAraNe cAra paripATI-3varSa,10mAsa cAra paripATI-3varSa,2mAsa, cAra-240 AyAMbila vardhamAna 14varSa,3mAsa 20dina bIca meM koI pAraNA nhiiN| cAra paripATI-11mAsa,15dina cAraparipATI-3varSa,10mAsa . viziSTa tapazcaryA varNana :- prastuta graMtha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM viziSTa tapazcaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jisake mAdhyama se rAjA zreNika kI rAniyoM ne mukti prApta kii| yahA~ ina tapazcaryAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa darzAyA gayA hai|

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 221 paryuSaNa meM antakRtddazAMga sUtra kA vAcanA kyoM? : digambara paramparA meM paryuSaNa kAla meM tattvArthasUtra ke vAcana kI paramparA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki rAjA zreNika ke zAsana kAla meM campAnagarI ke pUrNabhadra udyAna meM sudharmA svAmI ne jambUsvAmI ko atagar3adazAsUtra kA adhyayana karAyA thA vaha kAla paryuSaNa kAla nahIM thA aura zAstroM meM bhI paryuSaNa kAla meM hI isakI vAcanA kA vidhAna prApta nahIM hotA parantu paryuSaNa kAla meM hI isakI vAcanA kI paramparA vidyamAna hai| paryuSaNa ke avasara para kaba se isakI vAcanA kI paramparA prAraMbha huI, yaha bhI eka zodha kA viSaya hai, parantu aisA lagatA hai ki 15vIM zatI ke pazcAt arthAt lokAzAha ke pazcAt isake vAcana kI paramparA prAraMbha huI hogii| cUMki eka ora isameM mahArAjA zreNika tathA zrIkRSNa-vAsudeva kI mahArAniyoM dvArA viziSTa tapazcaryAoM ke dvArA muktAvasthA kA varNana hai to dUsarI ora gajasukumAra aura atimuktaka kumAra jaise zramaNoM kA tejasvI vyaktitva varNita hai aura tIsarI ora seTha sudarzana, arjunamAlI Adi ke AkhyAnoM kA mArmika varNana hai, jo sampUrNa jaina saMskRti ke lie anukaraNIya evaM Adarza haiN| ataH paryuSaNa ke pAvana parva para sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM isa Agama ke vAcana kI paripATI vidyamAna hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja meM kalpasUtra ke vAMcana kI paramparA hai| aMgasUtroM meM "antakRtdazA" AThavA~ aMga Agama hai yaha ATha vargoM meM ba~TA huA hai aura paryuSaNa ke dina bhI ATha hI hote haiN| isI dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara isake vAcana kI paripATI paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM huI hogii| vaise isakA * vAcana kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA hai| aMtakRtdazAMga sUtra kI vRttiyA~ evaM anuvAda :- aMtakRtddazAMga sUtra para saMskRta meM do vRttiyAM prApta hotI haiM AcArya abhayadeva aura AcArya ghAsIlAla jI ma sA. kii| chaH hindI anuvAda prApta hote haiN| tIna-cAra gujarAtI anuvAda bhI prakAzita hue haiN| isa taraha isa Agama ke karIba teraha saMskaraNa prApta hote haiN| eka aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita huA hai| sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika vaiziSTya :- antagar3adazAsUtra meM kAkaMdI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA guNazIla udyAna, campAnagarI, jambUdvIpa, dvArakA, dUtipalAza caitya, pUrNabhadra caitya, bhaddilapura, bharatakSetra, rAjagRha, raivataka, vipulagiri parvata, sahAmrAmravana udyAna, sAketa tathA zrAvastI ke paricaya ke sAtha hI isameM brAhmaNa, vaizya, zudra aura kSatriya jAtiyoM kA paricaya bhI prApta hotA hai| brAhmaNa varNa ke vyakti vizeSa meM somazrI, somA aura somila brAhmaNa kA ullekha huA hai| vaizya varNa ke vyakti-gAthApati meM kAzyapa, kiMkarmA, kailAzajI, dvaipAyanaRSi, dhRtidharajI nAgagAthApati, pUrNabhadra, maMkAtigAthApati, meghakumAra vAstaka, sudarzana seTha, (prathama) evaM (dvitIya), supratiSThita, sumanabhadra sulajJA, haricandana aura kssemkgaathaapti| zudra varga meM arjunamAlI aura usakI patnI baMdhumatI tathA kSatriya varga meM rAjAoM kI dRSTi meM andhakavRSNi, alakSarAjA, zrIkRSNa-vAsudeva, koNikarAjA, jitazatru, pradyumna, vijayarAjA, vAsudevarAjA, baladeva, samudravijaya tathA zreNika rAjA, rAniyoM meM kAlI, kRSNA, gAMdhArI, gaurI, cellaNA, jAmbavatI devakI, dhAriNI, nandazreNikA nandA, nandavatI, nandottarA, padmAvatI, mitRsenakRSNA, baladevapatnI, bhadrA, marUtadevI, marUtAdevI, mahAkAlI, bhadrakRSNA, mahAmarUtA, mahAsenakRSNA, mUladattA, mUlazrI, rAmakRSNA, rUkmiNI, lakSmaNAM, vasudeva-patnI, vIrakRSNA, vaidarbhI, satyabhAmA, sukAlikA, sukRSNA, sujAtA, subhadrA, sumanatikA, sumarUtta, susImA aura zrI devii| rAjakumAroM meM acala, atimukta, anaMtasena, anAdRSTi, aniyasa, anirUddha, anihata, abhicandra, akSobhakumAra, uvayAli, kAMpilya, kUpaka, gajasukumAra, gaMbhIra, gautama, jAli, paDhanemi, dArUka, durmukha, devayaza, dharaNa, pradyumna, presenajIta, purUSaNa, pUrNakumAra, mayAli, vAriSeNa, vidu, viSNu, satyanemi, samudra, sAgara, sAraNa, stimitA, sumukha, zatrusena, zAMba aura hemavanta kumAra kA varNana milatA hai| aMtagar3adazAsUtra kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ :1. caritra evaM paurANika kAvyoM ke lie isameM bIjabhUta AkhyAna samAviSTa haiN| 2 rAjakIya parivAra ke strI-purUSoM ko saMyama dhAraNa karate hue dekhakara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie preraNA prApta hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 223 3 kRSNa aura kRSNa kI ATha patniyoM kA AkhyAna- samyaktvakaumudI kI kathAoM kA strota hai| jambUsvAmI kI ATha patniyA~ evaM unako samyaktva prApti kI kathAe~ bhI inhI bIjoM se aMkurita huI hai| kathAnakoM ke bIjabhAva kAvya aura kathAoM ke vikAsa meM upAdAna rupa meM vyavahata hue haiN| eka prakAra se uttaravartI sAhitya ke vikAsa ke lie inheM "jarminala ADiyA' kahA jA sakatA hai| dvArikA nagarI ke vidhvaMsa kA AkhyAna- jisakA vikAsa paravartI sAhitya meM khUba huA hai| 6. lalita goSiyoM (mitra maNDaliyoM) ke aneka rUpa- arjuna mAlI ke AkhyAna se prakaTa haiN| prAcIna mAnyatAoM aura andhavizvAsoM kA pratipAdana yakSapUjA, manuSya ke zarIra meM yakSa kA praveza Adi ke dvArA kiyA hai| 8. ahiMsaka ke samakSa hiMsAvRtti kA kAphUra honA aura ahiMsA-vRtti meM pariNata honA- arjuna lauha mudagara se nagaravAsiyoM kA vidhvaMsa karatA hai kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa jAkara vaha natamastaka ho jAtA hai aura pravajyA grahaNa kara letA hai| nagara, parvata-raivataka, Ayatana-surapriya, yakSAyatana Adi kA varNana kAvyagraMthoM ke lie upakaraNa bnaa| 10. devakI ke putra gajasukumAra ke dIkSita ho jAne para somila ne dhyAnAsthita dazA meM use jalA diyA, atyanta vedanA hone para bhI vaha zAMta bhAva se kaSTa sahana karatA rahA, yaha AkhyAna sAhitya nirmAtAoM kA itanA priya huA, jisase "gajasukumAra" nAmaka svatantra kAvya graMtha likhe gye| isa prakAra antagaDadazAsUtra aMga AgamoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| isa zrutAMga ke AkhyAnoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA haiN| Adi ke pA~ca 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA vargoM ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha ariSTanemi ke sAtha hai aura zeSa tIna varga ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha mahAvIra tathA zreNika ke sAtha hai| prastuta Agama meM vividha kathAoM ke mAdhyama se sarala evaM mArmika tarike se vividha tapazcaryAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra vyakti apanI Atma sAdhanA ke dvArA jIvana ke antima lakSya "mukti" ko prApta karatA hai| saMdarbha : 1. vidhimArgaprapA - praSTha 55 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka, samavAya, 86 2. 3. nandIsUtra - 88 4. samavAyAMga vRtti patra, 5. vahI, patra, 112 6. nandIsUtra cUrNisahita patra, 68 7. vahI, patra, 73 8. 112 vahI, patra, 68 9. sthAnAMgasUtra - 10/113 10. tatvArtharAjavArtika 1/20, pRSTha-73 11. aMgapaNNatti, 51 12. kasAyapAhuDa, bhAga 1, pRSTha-130 13. "tato vAcanAntarAkSANImAnIti smbhaavaamH|" sthAnAMgavRtti patra 483 14. antakRtRddazA - madhukara muni - 1889, bhUmikA pRSTha 24 15. droNasari, odhaniryuti, pRSTha - 3 16. suttaM gaNadharakathidaM, taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sudakevaliNA kAthidaM abhiNNadezapuvvikArthadaM ca / / For Personal & Private Use Only - - mUlAcAra 5/80

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 225 17. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga-zIlAMkAcArya vRtti, patra 336 (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadeva vRtti praarNbh| (ga) dazavaikAlikasUtracUrNi, pRSTha- 29 (gha) nizithabhASya - 4004 18. (ka) valahipurAbhinayare, devaDhiDapamuheNa smnnsNdhenn| putthaI Agamu hiko navasaya asIAo viiraao| arthAt IsvI 453, bhatAntara se I.466 eka prAcIna gaathaa| (kha) kalpasUtra - devendramuni zAstrI, mahAvIra adhikaar| 19. "bhagaNaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmmmaadvkkhi| sAvi ya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsA bhAsijjamANI tesiM savvesiM AriyamaNAriyANaMduppaya-caDappaya-miya-pasu-pArvakha- sarIsivANaM appaNo hiya-siva suhayabhAsatrAe prinnmii|" - samavAyAMga sUtra-34,22, 23 20. bAlasmIvRddhamurkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAm / * anugrahArtha tacvajJaiH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRtH|| - dazavaikAlika vRtti, pRSTha - 223 21. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa-le DA. nemicanda zAstrI, pRSTha - 175-761 22. * mahAbhArata - zAntiparva, a. 48. 23.. shriimdbhaagvdgiitaa| ... 24. mahAbhArata - anuzAsana parva, 147/18-20 25. zatapathabrAhmaNa, 13/3/4 26. taittarIyAraNyaka, 10/11 _ 27. mahAbhArata - vanaparva 16-47, udyoga parva 481 28. chAndogyopaniSad a 3 khaNDa 17, 2 zloka 6, gItApresa gorkhpur| For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 29. zrImadbhAgavat - dazama skandha, 8-48, 3/13/24-25 30. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa- eka anuzIlana, pRSTha 176 se 186 31. jAtakakathAeM, caturtha khaNDa 454 meM ghaTajAtaka kaushlyaayn| 32. samavAyAMga, 158 33. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 415 34. antakRddazA, varga 1 se 3 taka 35. (ka) Rgveda 1/14/95/6/ (kha) Rgveda 1/24/180/10 (ga) Rgveda 3/4/53/17 (gha) Rgveda 10/12/178/1 bauddha dharma darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR. 162 36. Rgveda - 1/14/89/9, 1/1/16, 1/12/178/1 37. yajurveda - 25/18 38. sAmaveda - 3/8 39. mahAbhArata zAnti parva - 288 / 4 40. mahAbhArata zAnti parva - 288 /5/6 41. vAjasaneyi : mAdhyadina yuklayajurveda, adhyAya 8 maMtra 25, sAtavalekara saMskaraNa (vikrama 1894) 42. Indian Philosophy saMskaraNa (vikrama 1894) 43. skandhapurANa prabhAsa khaNDa 44. prabhAsa purANa 48 /50 45. mokSamArga prakAza, paNDita ToDaramala / 46. - For Personal & Private Use Only bhadanta Ananda

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 227 47. annalsa oNpha dI bhaNDArakara risarca inasTITyUTa patrikA, 23, pR.1221 48. bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA - pR. 57 49. taddhaitad ghoraM agirasaH kRSNAya devkiiputraaye| tatvovAcADapiyAjhA evaM saM babhUva, soDanta velAyAmematyayaM pratipadyetAkSa tamasya cayutamasi praannsNsiiti| - chAndogyopaniSad pra.3, khaNDa 18 / 50. antakRtdazAsUtra, varga 5, adhyayana - 1 51. bhagavatI zataka 5, uddezaka - 4 52. DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI - prAkRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 176 - pUrva prabhArI evaM zodhAdhikArI Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, padminI mArga, udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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anuttaropapAtikadazA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . - DaoN. atula kumAra prasAda siMha jaina paramparA meM jJAna ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai :- matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna aura kevljnyaan| ina pAMcoM jJAna ko pramANa kI apekSA se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai :- pratyakSa aura prokss| mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA vastu ke svabhAva Adi kA jJAna prApta kara lenA pratyakSa hai tathA mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA se prApta jJAna ko parokSa kahate haiN| pratyakSa ke aMtargata avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna Ate haiM tathA mati aura zruta jJAna parokSa haiN| Agama sAhitya zruta jJAna ke antargata hai| nandIsUtra meM jJAna (pramANa) kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM "zruti" aura "zruta' donoM zabda prAcIna kAla se pracalita rahe haiN| donoM kA artha eka hI hai- sunI huI yA sunA huaa| jo jJAna zravaNa paramparA se upalabdha hai, arthAt guru se ziSya ko paramparAgata rupa se karNopakarNa hokara prApta huA hai tathA aneka prAcIna AcAryoM ne apane smaraNa dvArA jisako surakhita rakhA hai, usakI "zruti" saMjJA vaidika paramparA meM tathA "zruta' saMjJA jaina paramparA meM pracalita hai| naMdIsUtra meM zruta jJAna ke caturdaza prakAra batalAye gaye haiM :1. akSarazruta 2. anakSarazruta 3. saMjJizruta 4. asaMjJizruta 5. samyakzruta 6. mithyAzruta 7. sAdikazruta 8. anAdikazruta 9. saparyavasita zruta 10. aparyavasitazruta 11. gamikazruta 12. agamikazruta 13. aMgapraviSTazruta aura 14. anNgprvissttshrut| inameM se tIna prakAra zruta kA samAveza aMga AgamoM meM hotA hai| ye haiM :1. samyakzruta kevala jJAna aura darzana ko dhAraNa karane vAle, trilokavartI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 229 jIvoM dvArA sammAnita tathA utkIrtita, bhAvayukta namaskRta, atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata ko jAnane vAle, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI arhata-tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM dvArA praNIta artha se kathana kiyA huA- dvAdaza aMga rupa gaNipiTaka hai| ___ Adi, madhya yA anta meM kucha zabda bheda ke sAtha usI sUtra ko bAra-bAra kahanA gamikazruta hai isake viparIta AcArAMga Adi kAlikazruta agamika haiN| jabaki dRSTivAda gamikazruta hai| aMgapraviSTa zruta meM bhI AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMgoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra dRSTivAda ko chor3akara gyAraha aMgoM kA samAveza samyakzruta, agamikazruta tathA aMgapraviSTazruta meM ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra manuSya ke aMga hote haiM usI taraha zruta ko puruSa mAnakara usake bAraha aMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| anuttaropapAtikadazA kA sthAna aMga AgamoM meM nauvAM hai| .. anuttaropapAtikadazA zabda "anuttara" + "upapAta" + 'dazA" ina tIna zabdoM se banA hai| isakA artha hai :- anuttaravimAna meM utpanna hone vAle kI avasthA yA anuttaravimAna meM utpanna hone vAle dasa logoM kA varNana yA dasa adhyyn| ... sthAnAMgasUtra meM ina dasa nAmoM kA ullekha isa prakAra prApta hotA hai:- RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtika, saMsthAna, zAlibhadra, Ananda, tetalI, dazArNabhadra aura atimuktk| samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyAyoM kI sUcanA to hai kintu inake nAma nahIM diye gaye haiM, digambara paramparA ke graMthoM-tattvArtharAjavArtika, dhavalA, jayadhavalA tathA aMgapaNNatti meM anuttaropapAtika ke viSaya meM sUcanA prApta hotI hai| rAjavArtika meM isake dasa adhyayana haiM :- RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtika, nanda, nandana, zAlibhadra, abhaya, vAriSeNa tathA cilaatputr| dhavalA meM rAjavArtika ke samAna ullekha milatA hai| isameM kevala kArtika ke sthAna para kArtikeya tathA nanda ke sthAna para Ananda nAma prApta hotA hai| aMgapaNNatti meM isake krama meM antara hai| isameM dasa nAma isa prakAra haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA RjudAsa, zAlibhadra, sunakSatra, abhaya, dhanya, vAriSeNa, naMdana, naMda, cilAtaputra aura kaartikey| isameM RSidAsa kI jagaha RjudAsa tathA kArtika ke sthAna para kArtikeya nAma upalabdha haiN| jayadhavalA meM kisI vizeSa nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| digambara paramparA ke ina graMthoM meM prApta vivaraNoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isa paramparA meM zvetAmbara mAnya gyAraha aMgoM ko lupta huA to mAna liyA gayA, parantu isake varNya viSaya isameM surakSita rahe yadyapi sthAnAMga meM upalabdha nAmoM se isameM AMzika bhinnatA hai| sthAnAMga ke saMsthAna, Ananda, tetalI, dazArNabhadra aura atimuktaka kI jagaha digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM naMda, naMdana, abhaya, vAriSeNa, aura cilAtaputra kA ullekha hai| . vartamAna meM upalabdha anuttaropapAtikadazA meM tIna vargoM meM kula 33 adhyayana haiN| sthAnAMga aura digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM upalabdha dasa nAmoM meM se tIna nAma :RSidAsa, dhanya aura sunakSatra vartamAna meM tRtIya varga meM hai tathA digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM prApta vAriSeNa va abhaya nAma vartamAna meM prathama varga meM upalabdha haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha anuttaropapAtikadazA kA prathama evaM dvitIya varga sthAnAMga kI apekSA prakSipta hai tathA tRtIya varga ke sAta adhyayana bhI bAda meM kabhI jor3a diye gaye haiN| digambara paramparA kI apekSA prathama varga ke abhaya aura vAriSeNa nAmaka adhyayana ko chor3akara zeSa ATha adhyayana, dvitIya varga pUrA tathA tRtIya varga ke RSidAsa, sunakSatra aura dhanya adhyayana ko chor3akara zeSa sAta adhyayana prakSipta haiM, yadyapi sthAnAMgasUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasUri sthAnAMga meM varNita zeSa nAma prastuta sUtra kI kisI anya vAcanA meM hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate haiN| samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra kI vAcanA parimita arthAt aneka batalAyI gayI hai| jahA~ taka vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya upalabdha pATha kA prazna hai, yaha nandI meM prApta hotA hai| parantu naMdI meM isa viSaya meM eka zrutaskandha, tIna varga tathA tIna uddesaNa kAla to kahA gayA hai|' kintu isake adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA va nAma kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| eka dUsarA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki isI viSaya meM samavAyAMga sUtra meM prastuta aMga ke eka zrutaskandha, dasa adhyayana, tIna varga tathA dasa uddesaNakAla kahA gayA hai| adhyayana ke nAma yahA~ bhI nahIM haiN| samavAya ke vRttikAra isa saMbaMdha meM likhate haiM ki isa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA: 231 bheda kA hetu avagata nahIM hai / " iha tu dRzyaMte daza - iti anta abhiprAyo na jJAyete iti|'' vartamAna meM upalabdha tIna varga nandIsUtra meM upalabdha hone se vallabhI vAcanA meM bhI isake rahane kA saMketa milatA hai| " sthAnAMga meM ullikhita " atimuktaka" adhyayana vartamAna meM AThaveM aMga antakRddazA ke SaSTha varga kA pandrahavA~ adhyayana hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM prApta vAriSeNa nAmaka adhyayana vartamAna meM isI aMga ke cauthe varga kA pA~cavA adhyayana hai| isake atirikta vartamAna meM upalabdha anuttaropapAtika dazA ke prathama varga ke jAli, mayAli, upajAli aura puruSasena nAmaka adhyayana bhI antakRddazA ke isI varga meM prApta hote haiM / antara sirpha itanA hai ki isameM jAli, mayAli, upajAli, puruSasena aura vAriSeNa ke pitA vasudeva, mAtA dhAriNI, nagaradvArikA tathA dIkSAguru ke rupa meM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA nAma ullikhita hai| isI prakAra prathama varga meM vehalla aura dvitIya varga meM halla adhyayana kA varNana hai| isakI kathA vistAra se nirayAvalI' AvazyakacUrNi AvazyakavRtti (haribhadra)' bhagavatIvRtti (abhayadeva) " tathA Avazyaka" meM varNita haiN| ye donoM rAjA zreNika ke celanA rAnI se utpanna putra the| celanA vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thI / halla ora vehalla ko ceTaka ne eka hAthI aura sone kA hAra upahAra meM diyA, jise usake bar3e bhAI kuNika (ajAtazatru) ne maaNgaa| ina donoM ne hAthI aura hAra kuNika ko dene se inakAra kara diyA aura apane nAnA ceTaka ke pAsa cale aaye| isa bAta ko lekara ceTaka aura kuNika meM bhayaMkara yuddhaM huA thaa|" bhagavatIsUtra meM ina do yuddhoM - mahAzilakaNTaka saMgrAma aura ratha-musala saMgrAma kA varNana hai| isameM kuNika kI vijaya huI thii| kintu anuttaropapAtika meM celanA ke do putroM kA nAma vehalla ora vehAyasa diyA gayA hai tathA hallakumAra kA paricaya dvitIya varga meM dhAriNI devI aura zreNika ke putra ke rupa meM ullikhita hai| 10 samavAyAMga sUtra meM isa aMga kI viSayavastu kA allekha karate hue kahA gayA hai :"anuttaropapAtika" meM " anuttaropapAtikoM" ke nagara, udyAna, caitya, vanakhaMDa, samavasaraNa, tatkAlIna rAjA, saudharma, IzAna Adi nAma vAle bAraha svarga mAne gaye haiN| bArahaveM svarga ke Upara nava graiveyaka vimAna Ate haiM aura inake Upara For Personal & Private Use Only

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232 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita evaM sarvArthasiddha - ye pAMca anuttaravimAna Ate haiN| ye vimAna uttara yA uttama (pradhAna) hone se aura anya sAmAnya svargoM kI apekSA zreSTha hone se anuttaravimAna kahalAte haiN| jo manuSya apane tapa aura saMyama kI sAdhanA se inameM janma pAte haiM, unako anuttaropapAtika kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM loka kA svarupa puruSAkAra nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| usake sabase nIce ke bhAga meM sAta naraka haiN| madhya ke bhAga meM jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa puSkarArdhadvIpa Adi zubhanAma vAle dvIpa, lavaNa, kAlodadhi, puSkarodadhi Adi samudra aura mAnuSottara Adi parvata avasthita haiN| inameM manuSya aura tiryaMca rahate haiN| urdhvaloka ko devaloka bhI kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ devatAoM ke vAsa sthAna vimAna mAne gaye haiN| inameM jyotiSka aura vaimAnika nikAyoM ke deva nivAsa karate haiN| bhavanapati madhyaloka ke nIce bhavanoM meM tathA vyantara madhyaloka meM nivAsa karate hai| bhavanavAsI ke dasa, vyantara ke ATha, jyotiSka ke pA~ca tathA vaimAnika nikAya ke bAraha bheda haiN| vaimAnikoM ke saudharma se acyuta vimAna taka bAraha svarga hote haiM jo eka dUsare ke Upara avasthita haiN| inase Upara puruSAkAra loka ke grIvAsthAna meM nau graiveyaka vimAna avasthita haiN| inake Upara. bAIsaveM se chabbIsaveM taka pA~ca vijaya Adi anuttara vimAna haiM tathA loka ke sabase UparI bhAga meM siddha sthAna hai| prastuta aMga meM inhIM anuttara.vimAnoM meM utpanna hone vAle mahApuruSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga tathA naMdIsUtra meM isake paricaya ke krama meM kahA gayA haiM :- isa sUtra kI vAcanAe~ parimita haiN| ver3hA nAmaka chanda saMkhyeya hai, zloka saMkhyeya haiM, usakI niyukti saMkhyeya haiM, zruta-skandha hai, tIna varga haiM, akSara asaMkhyeya haiM, naya ananta haiM aura paryAya bhI ananta haiN| padAgra parimANa se saMkhyAta sahasra pada haiM, isameM parimita trasa tathA ananta sthAvaroM kA varNana hai| zAzvatakRta-nibaddha-nikAcita jina bhagavAna dvArA praNIta bhAva kahe gaye haiN| isa prakAra caraNa-karaNa kI prarupaNA ke dvArA vastu svarupa kA kathana prajJApana, prarupaNa, darzana, nidarzana aura upadarzana kiyA gayA hai| ___ samavAyAMga meM Age kahA gayA hai- anuttaropapAtikadazA meM parama maMgalakArI, jagatahitakArI tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa aura bahuta prakAra ke jina-atizayoM kA varNana For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 233 hai tathA jo zramaNajanoM meM pravara gandhahastI ke samAna zreSTha haiM, sthira yazavAle haiM, pariSahasenA rupI zatru-bala kA mardana karane vAle haiM, tapa se dIpta haiM, jo caritra, jJAna, samyaktvarupa sAra vAle, aneka prakAra ke vizAla prazasta guNoM se saMyukta haiM, aise anagAra maharSiyoM ke anagAra-guNoM kA varNana hai, jo zreSTha tapavizeSa se aura viziSTa jJAna-yoga se yukta haiM, jinhoMne jagata hitakArI bhagavAna tIrthaMkaroM jaisI parama AzcaryakAriNI RddhiyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko aura deva, asura, manuSyoM kI sabhAoM ke prAdurbhAva ko dekhA hai, ve mahApuruSa jinavaroM ke samIpa jAkara unakI jisa prakAra se upAsanA karate haiM tathA amara, nara, suragaNoM ke lokaguru ve jinavara jisa prakAra se unako dharma kA upadeza dete haiM ve kSINakarmA mahApuruSa unake dvArA upadiSTa dharma ko sunakara apane samasta kAma-bhAgoM se aura indriyoM ke viSayoM se virakta hokara jisa prakAra se bahuta varSoM taka unakA AcaraNa karake, jJAna, darzana, caritra yoga kI ArAdhanA kara jina-vacana ke anukUla pUnIta dharma kA dUsare bhavya jIvoM ko upadeza dekara aura apane ziSyoM ko adhyayana karavAkara tathA jinavaroM kI hadaya se ArAdhanA kara ve uttama munivara belA, telA Adi anazana ke dvArA karmoM kA chedana kara, samAdhi ko prApta kara aura uttama dhyAna yoga se yukta hote hue jisa prakAra se anuttaravimAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM aura vahA~ jaise anupama viSaya saukhya ko bhogate haiM usa saba kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| SaTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM anuttaropapAtikadazA kA paricaya dete hue " batAyA gayA hai ki yaha aMga bAnave lAkha cauvAlIsa hajAra padoM dvArA eka-eka tIrtha meM nAnA prakAra ke dAruNa upasagoM ko sahakara aura pratihArya arthAt atizaya-vizeSoM ko prApta karake pA~ca anuttara vimAnoM meM gaye huye dasa-dasa anuttaropapAtikoM kA varNana karatA hai| kaSAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA meM bhI padoM kI saMkhyA itanI hI kahI * gayI hai|" isI viSaya meM naMdIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai:- "saMkhejjAiM paya sahassAI payaggeNaM" arthAt isa sUtra meM saMkhyeya hajAra pada haiN| naMdIsUtra ke vivaraNakAra malayagiri ne likhA hai ki "pada sahasrANi padasahasrASTAdhika-SaTa-catvAriMzat lakSapramANAni veditavyAni" arthAta chayAlIkha lAkha ATha hajAra pada haiN| samavAyAMga For Personal & Private Use Only

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234: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM varNita "saMkhejjAiM payasayasahasAiM payaggeNaM" kA bhI artha vyAkhyAkAra abhayadevasUri ne saMkhyeya lAkha arthAt chayAlIsa lAkha aura ATha hajAra pada kiyA hai| isake abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki-"padaM parimANaM ca pUrvasmAt aMgAt uttarasmin uttarasmin aMge dvigunnmvseym|" arthAt prathama aMga kI pada saMkhyA pratyeka agale aMga meM doguNA ho jAtI hai yAni AcArAMga meM aThAraha hajAra pada haiM to sUtrakRtAMga meM chattIsa hajAra, sthAnAMga meM bahattara hajAra, samavAyAMga meM eka lAkha cauvAlIsa hajAra, bhagavatI meM do lAkha aThAyasI hajAra, jJAtAdharmakathA meM pA~ca lAkha chihattara hajAra pada tathA kathA-upakathA saba milAkara sAr3he tIna karor3a, upAsakadazA meM gyAraha lAkha bAvana hajAra pada, antakRtdazA meM teIsa lAkha cAra hajAra tathA anuttaropapAtika meM chiyAlIsa lAkha ATha hajAra pada haiN| parantu samavAyAMga meM varNana krama meM bhagavatIsUtra ke padoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI hajAra hI ullikhita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki ye varNana paramparAgata mAnyatA para AdhArita haiN| vartamAna meM ina aMgoM meM itane akSara bhI nahIM haiN| ... prastuta Agama kA racanAkAla paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi vidvAnoM ne vikrama pUrva kI dvitIya zatAbdI mAnA hai, yadyapi isakA vartamAna svarupa vIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt vallabhI meM saMpanna tRtIya vAcanA meM hI nirdhArita ho paayaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha isa aMga kA svarupa sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi graMthoM meM ullikhita isake svarupa se bhinna hai| vartamAna meM yaha graMtha tIna vargoM meM vibhakta hai| inameM kramazaH dasa, teraha aura dasa adhyayana haiN| ina taiMtIsa adhyayanoM meM se pratyeka meM eka-eka aise mahAna AtmAoM ke tapa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo vartamAna zarIra ko chor3akara pAMca anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue| isake prathama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, jinake nAma haiM :- jAli, mayAli, upajAli, puruSasena, vAriSeNa, dIrghadanta, laSTadanta, vehalla, vehAyasa aura abhy| inameM jAlikumAra kA varNana kucha vistAra se hai| zeSa kA "jAva" kahakara jAlikumAra ke samAna iMgita kara diyA gayA hai| dvitIya varga meM teraha adhyayana haiM :- dIrghasena, mahAsena, laSTadanta, gUr3hadanta, zuddhadanta, halla, druma, drumasena, mahAdrumasena, siMha, siMhasena, mahAsiMhasena aura punnysen| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #264
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 235 ina teraha rAjakumAroM ke nAma dekara jAlikumAra ke varNana ke samAna hone kA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| tRtIya varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM :- dhanyakumAra, sunakSatra, RSidAsa, pallaka, rAmaputra, candrika, pRSTimAtRka, peDhAlaputra, poSTilla tathA vehll| inameM dhanya kumAra kA varNana vistAra se tathA zeSa kA saMkSepa meM saMketa rupa hI hai| isameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki ye sabhI taiMtIsa mahAna AtmAe~ isa mAnava kA janma AyuSya pUrNa karake kauna se anuttara vimAna meM janma grahaNa kareMge tathA phira kahAM para manuSya janma lekara siddha, buddha aura mukta hoNge| prastuta aMga ke prathama varga kA sAtavA~ adhyayana laSTadanta rAjakumAra hai aura dvitIya varga kA tIsarA adhyayana bhI laSTadanta kumAra hI hai| donoM kI mAtA dhAriNI aura pitA zreNika samrATa haiN| saMbhava hai ki laSTadanta nAmaka do rAjakumAra rahe hoM yA zreNika kI bahuta sI rAniyoM meM dhAriNI nAma kI do patniyA~ hoM tathA donoM ke putra kA nAma laSTadanta rahA ho, yaha bhI saMbhava hai| tIsarA mata bhASA saMbaMdhI hai| prAkRta ke eka zabda ke saMskRta meM kaI uccAraNa hote haiM jaise prAkRta "kaya" kA saMskRta meM kaja, kaca yA kRta tathA kai kA kapi, kavi aadi| ho sakatA hai ki eka kA nAma laSTadanta tathA dUsare kA nAma rASTradanta rahA ho tathA prAkRta meM ra aura la meM abheda ke kAraNa donoM laSTadanta hI ho gayA ho||8 .. prastuta aMga meM ina sabhI bhavya jIvoM ke mAtA-pitA, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihaloka tathA paraloka kI siddhi, bhoga, tyAga, pravrajyA evaM usakI paryAya, zruta kA abhyAsa, tapa, upadhAna, pratimA (vizeSa prakAra kA tapa), utsarga, saMlekhanA, antima samaya kA pAdopagamana (saMthArA) Adi bhakta-pratyAkhyAna, anuttaravimAna meM janma, vahAM se phira zreSTha kula meM janma, bodhi-prApti tathA anta-kriyA Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| inameM se 23 rAjakumAra zreNika samrATa ke tathA 10 bhadrAsArthavAhI ke putra the| prathama varga ke prathama adhyayana meM jAlikumAra kI kathA hai| kathA kI pUrvapIThikA ke rupa meM Arya sudharmA kA rAjagRha nagarI meM Agamana, dharmadezanA sunane ke lie For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA nagaravAsiyoM kA unake pAsa AnA phira Arya sudharmA ke ziSya Arya jambU dvArA anuttaropapAtika kI viSaya-vastu kI jijJAsA karanA varNita hai| Arya sudharmA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM meM se pA~cave gaNadhara the| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra gyAraha gaNadharoM ke nau gaNa hue, parantu inameM se dasa gaNadhara pahale hI mokSa ko prApta hue| antima samaya meM ina sabane apane-apane gaNa Arya sudharmA ko hI samarpita kiye jo sabase aMta meM mokSa gaye isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM Arya sudharmA ke hI 9 gaNa vartamAna meM vidyamAna mAne jAte hai| vartamAna meM jitane bhI Agama upalabdha haiM, una sabake vyAkhyAkAra Arya sudharmA hI haiN| ina vAcanAoM kA nimitta unakA ziSya Arya jambU hai| isakA prathama sUtra isI bAta ko dyotita karatA hai / Arya jambU prazna karate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AThaveM aMga aMtakRtadazA ke bAda nauveM aMga anuttaropapAtika dazA kA kyA artha prajJapta kiyA hai| yahA~ antakRtadazA tathA anuttaropapAtikadazA donoM kI viSayavastu samAna hI hai| donoM meM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana, unake bhogavilAsa, tapa-tyAga Adi kA varNana samAna rupa se kiyA gayA hai| antara sirpha itanA hai ki antakRtadazA meM una nabbe mahApuruSoM kA varNana hai jinhoMne tapa sAdhanA ke dvArA mokSa pada ko prApta kiyA jabaki anuttaropapAtikadazA una taiMtIsa mahApurUSoM kA varNana karatA hai, jinhoMne apanI tapasyA Adi ke bala para anuttaravimAnoM meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| mokSa prApti ke lie unheM eka janma aura dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna magadha samrATa zreNika the| unakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha thii| zreNika kI kaI paliyoM meM eka kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| jAlikumAra inhIM dhAriNI devI aura zreNika kA putra thA / jAlikumAra kA yuvAvasthA meM ATha kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha huaa| isameM use pracura mAtrA meM daheja prApta huaa| isake bAda jAlikumAra manuSyocita zreSThabhogoM ko bhogatA huA rahane lagA / isI bIca bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate hue rAjagRha pdhaare| rAjA zreNika bhagavAna ke darzanArtha gayA / jAlikumAra bhI bhagavAna ke darzanArtha gyaa| vahIM upadeza se prabhAvita hokara usane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA lekara pravrajyA svIkAra kara lii| vahA~ usane sthaviroM kI sevA karate hue gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| yahA~ jAlikumAra kI tulanA meghakumAra se kI gayI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 237 meghakumAra kI kathA chaThe aMga jJAtAdharmakathA meM vistAra se ullikhita hai| vaha bhI anuttaravimAna meM hI utpanna huA phira bhI meghakumAra kA varNana prastuta aMga meM na karake chaThe aMga meM kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM dharmayukta puruSoM kI zikSAprada jIvana ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| svayaM meghakumAra ke jIvana kI kitanI hI aisI ghaTanAeM varNita hai, jinako par3hane se pratyeka vyakti ko lAbha ho sakatA hai| anuttaropapAtikadazA meM kevala samyakcAritra pAlana karane kA phala batalAyA gayA hai isalie meghakumAra kI kathA dharmakathA ke antargata hai aura jAlikumAra kI kathA caraNa-karaNa ke antrgt| meghakumAra bhI zreNika aura dhAriNI devI kA hI putra thaa| pravrajyA grahaNa ke pazcAt jAlikumAra ne guNaratnasaMvalsara nAmaka tapa kiyaa| isa prakAra solaha varSoM taka zramaNa paryAya kA pAlana kara vipulagiri parvata para sthaviroM ke sAtha jAkara AyuSya ke anta meM maraNa prApta karake urdhvagamana karatA huA vijaya nAmaka anuttaravimAna meM devarupa meM utpanna huaa| jAli anagAra ko divaMgata huA jAnakara sthaviroM ne unake parinirvANa nimittika kAyotsarga kiyaa| tatpazcAt unakA pAtra evaM cIvara lekara vipulagiri se utarakara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sArI ghaTanA sunAkara unheM ve pAtra aura cIvara sauMpa diye| gautama gaNadhara dvArA pUche jAne para bhagavAna ne spaSTa kiyA ki vijaya nAmaka anuttaravimAna meM devarupa meM utpanna jAlikumAra kI kAlasthiti vahAM battIsa sAgaropama kI hai| vahAM se vaha apanA samaya pUrA kara mahAvidehakSetra se siddhi prApta kregaa| * prathama varga ke dvitIya adhyayana se lekara dasaveM adhyayana taka kA kevala nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ina nau rAjakumAroM meM se cha: dhAriNI rAnI ke hI putra haiN| do vehalla aura vehAyasa celanA ke putra haiM tathA abhayakumAra nandA kA putra hai| sabake pitA zreNika haiN| jAlikumAra kI taraha hI mayAli, upajAli, puruSasena aura vArisena kA zramaNa-paryAya solaha-solaha varSoM kA hai| dIrghadanta, laSTadanta aura vehalla kA zramaNa paryAya bAraha-bAraha varSoM kA hai tathA aMtima do vehAyasa aura abhayakumAra kA zramaNa paryAya pAMca varSoM kA hai| inameM se jAli aura abhayakumAra vijaya meM, mayAli aura vehAyasa vaijayanta meM, upajAli aura vehalla jayanta meM, puruSasena aura laSTadanta For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aparAjita meM tathA vAriSeNa aura dIrghadanta anagAra sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM utpanna hue| prastuta varga meM abhayakumAra kA kevala nAma- nirdeza karake chor3a diyA gayA hai parantu abhayakumAra ke viSaya meM chaThe aMga jJAtAdharmakathA ke prathama adhyayana aura anya graMthoM meM vistAra se varNana prApta hotA hai| ___ abhayakumAra prabala pratibhA kA dhanI thaa| jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparA use apanA anuyAyI mAnatI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya ke anusAra vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA svIkAra karatA hai aura tripiTika sAhitya ke anusAra buddha ke pAsa dIkSita hotA hai| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra abhayakumAra zreNika nandA rAnI kI putra thaa| jJAtAdharmakathA meM varNita hai ki abhayakumAra sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda, upapradAna aura vyApAra nIti meM niSNAta the| IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA aura arthazAstra meM : kuzala the| ve cAroM prakAra kI buddhiyoM ke dhanI the| ve rAjA ke pratyeka kArya ke lie sacce parAmarzaka the| ve rAjyadhUrA ko dhAraNa karane vAle the| ve rAjya (zAsana) rASTra (deza) koSa, koThAra (abhayabhaNDAra), senA, vAhanaM, nagara aura antaHpura kI acchI taraha dekhabhAla karate the| abhayakumAra zreNika rAjA ke manonIta maMtrI the| ve jaTila se jaTila samasyAoM ko apanI kuzAgra buddhi se sulajhA dete the| unhoMne meghakumAra kI mAtA dhAriNI aura kuNika kI mAtA celanA' kA dohada apanI kuzAgrabuddhi se sampanna kiyaa| unhoMne upane pitA zreNika kA vivAha celanA se saMpanna karAyA thaa| unake buddhi ke camatkAra kI aneka ghaTanAe~ jaina sAhitya meM ullikhita haiN| ujjayinI ke rAjA caNDapradyota dvArA zreNika ke lie utpanna vikaTa rAjanaitika saMkaTa ko abhaya ne dUra kiyA thaa| dharmaratnaprakaraNa ke abhayakumAra nAmaka adhyayana meM yaha kathA varNita hai ki drumaka lakar3ahAre dvArA pravrajyA grahaNa karane para logoM ne usakA majAka udd'aayaa| jaba abhayakumAra ko yaha bAta mAlUma huI taba usane sArvajanika sthAna para eka-eka karor3a svarNamudrAoM ke tIna Dhera lagavAkara yaha ghoSaNA karavAyI ki jo AjIvana strI, agni aura sacitta jala kA tyAga kare vaha ina mudrAoM ko le sakatA hai| koI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 239 Age nahIM AyA taba unhoMne drumakamuni ke upahAsa ke lie una AlocakoM kI bhartsanA kI taba ve loga drumaka muni ke mahAna tapa se prabhAvita hue| abhayakumAra ne ArdrakakumAra ko dharmopakaraNa upahAra meM diye| jisase prabhAvita hokara vaha zramaNa bnaa| abhayakumAra ke saMparka se hI rAjagRha kA kasAI kAlazaukarika kA putra sulasakumAra bhagavAna kA parama bhakta banA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se aMtima mokSagAmI rAjA ke rupa meM udayana kA nAma sunakara abhayakumAra ciMtita ho gayA ki yadi maiM rAjA bana gayA to mokSa nahIM jA saku~gA isalie kumArAvasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa karane kI anumati pitA se maaNgii| pitA ne kahA ki jisa dina meM kruddha hokara tumheM muMha na dikhAne ko kahUM usa dina tU dIkSA grahaNa kara lenaa| eka dina rAnI celanA ke caritra para saMdeha kara rAjA ne abhayakumAra ko mahala jalA dene kA Adeza diyaa| abhayakumAra ne rAnI aura bahumUlya vastuoM ko mahala se nikAlakara rAnI celanA ke mahala meM Aga lagA dii| bAda meM rAjA zreNika ko patA calA ki celanA pUrNa pativratA hai to pazcAtApa karatA huA mahala meM lauTA, rAste meM abhaya kumAra milA, pUchane para usane mahala meM Aga lagAne kI bAta kaha dii| isa para krodhita hokara rAjA ne use mu~ha na dikhAne ko khaa| isI bAta kI pratIkSA meM rahane vAle abhayakumAra ne usI dina dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI abhaya rAjakumAra kA varNana prApta hotA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM abhaya kA pitA zreNika tathA mAtA ujjayinI kI gaNikA padmAvatI hai| abhaya rAjakumAra ne apanI prakRSTa pratibhA se sImA vivAda ko sulajhAyA thA jisase prasanna hokara bimbisAra ne eka sundara nartakI use upahAra meM pradAna kii| majjhimanikAya ke abhayakumAra sUtra meM nigaNTha jJAtRputra (mahAvIra) ke kahane para usakA buddha se zAstrArtha hone kA ullekha hai| vaha buddha se pUraNa-kAzyapa ke mata se saMbaMdhita eka prazna karatA hai| dhammapada aTThakathA ke anusAra jaba abhayakumAra nartakI kI mRtyu se duHkhita hokara buddha ke pAsa gayA aura buddha ne dharmopadeza diyA, taba use zrotApattiphala prApta huaa| theragAthA aTThakathA ke anusAra use zrotApattiphala taba prApta huA jaba buddha ne vAlacchigulupama sUtra kA upadeza diyaa|" pitA bimbisAra kI mRtyu se duHkhI hokara usane buddha ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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240: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vastutaH ina jaina-bauddha sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki abhayakumAra aura abhayarAjakumAra do alaga-alaga vyakti rahe hoMge kyoMki jaina dRSTi se usakI mAtA vaNika kanyA hai, vaha zreNika kA maMtrI hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai, jabaki bauddha matAnusAra vaha eka gaNikA kA putra hai, saphala rathika hai|2 nigaNTha dharma kA tyAga kara bauddha dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai, yadi abhaya eka vyakti hotA to mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke pAsa kaise dIkSA le sakatA hai? yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki rAjA zreNika ke aneka putra rahe hoM, unameM se eka kA nAma abhaya aura dUsare kA abhayakumAra rahA ho| dvitIya varga meM jina teraha rAjakumAroM kA varNana hai, ve saba zreNika aura dhAriNI devI ke putra the| ina sabakI dIkSA-paryAya solaha-solaha varSa batalAyI gayI hai| inameM se dIrghasena ora mahAsena vijaya nAmaka anuttaravimAna meM, laSTadanta aura gUDhadanta . vaijayanta meM, zuddhadanta aura halla jayanta meM, druma aura drumasena aparAjita meM aura zeSa pAMca sarvArthasiddhi vimAna meM utpanna hue| ina sabane eka-eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA kii| isa varga ke sabhI teraha nAyakoM kA varNana ati saMkSepa meM karake zeSa bAteM jAlikumAra ke samAna iMgita kara dI gayI haiN| tRtIya varga meM dasa adhyayana haiN| inameM prathama dhanya nAmaka adhyayana kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare sunakSatra Adi adhyayanoM ko saMkSepa meM nirUpita kara pahale dhanya adhyayana, jAlikumAra yA jJAtAdharmakathA ke pA~cave adhyayana meM varNita thAvaccAputra kI taraha iMgita kara diyA gayA hai| tIsare se dasaveM adhyAya taka ko eka sAtha hI rakhA gayA hai tathA isameM bhI kevala nAma nirdeza kara nikSepa pada de diyA gayA hai| zeSa varNana ke lie sunakSatra, skaMdakamuni, thAvaccAputra tathA dhanya anagAra kA prasaMga udAharaNa svarupa likhA gayA hai| tIsare varga meM jo vizeSa bAteM haiM vaha yaha ki dhanyakumAra aura sunakSatra kAkandI meM, RSidAsa aura pallaka rAjagRha meM, rAjaputra aura candrika sAketa nagarI meM, pRSTimAtRka aura peDhAlaputra vANijyagrAma meM, poSTilla hastinApura meM tathA vehalla rAjagRha meM utpanna hue| ina dasoM kI mAtA bhadrA sArthavAhI thii| isameM se prathama no kA dIkSA-paryAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 241 nau mAha tathA dasaveM kA cha: mAha thaa| sabhI ne guNaratnasaMvara nAmaka tapa karake eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA dhAraNa kara vipulagiri parvata se mRtyu ko prApta kara sarvArthasiddha nAmaka anuttara vimAna meM janma grahaNa kiyA tathA vahAM se apanI Ayu pUrI kara mahAvideha kSetra se mokSa ko prApta kareMge, aisA ullekha hai| tRtIya varga ke prathama adhyayana meM dhanyakumAra kI kaThorAtikaThora tapasyA kA vistRta aura romAMcakArI varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhanyakumAra kAkandI nagarI kI bhadrA sArthavAhI kA putra thaa| bhadrA kAkaMdI ke vyApAriyoM kI mukhiyA hai| usake pAsa bhavana, zayyAsana, yAna-vAhana sonA-cAMdI Adi dhana vipula mAtrA meM the| vaha dhanI aura tejasvI strI thii| vaha vyApAra ke lena-dena ke kArya meM atikuzala thii| usane apane putra dhanyakumAra kA pAlana-poSaNa bar3e UMce stara se kiyA thaa| dhanya kumAra ke mAtA-pitA ne zubha tithi, karaNa aura muhUrta meM adhyayana ke lie use kAlAcArya ke pAsa bhejaa| kAlAcArya ne dhanyakumAra ko gaNita, zakunirUta (pakSiyoM ke zabda) Adi bahattara kalAe~ sikhlaayii| dhanyakumAra aThAraha prakAra kI dezI bhASAoM meM kuzala ho gyaa| vaha azvayuddha, gajayuddha, rathayuddha aura bAhuyuddha meM pravINa ho gyaa| yuvAvasthA ko prApta hone para mAtA bhadrA ne usake lie battIsa bhavya prAsAda banavAkara usakA vivAha battIsa sundara kanyAoM ke sAtha kara diyaa| - kucha dina pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kAkaMdI nagarI meM pdhaare| vahAM unakA dharmopadeza sunakara dhanyakumAra ke mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA jAgRta ho gayI aura tadanusAra * usane apane vipula dhana, dhAnya, patnI, rAjya Adi sabako chor3akara muni dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| vaha IryAsamiti, bhASA samiti se yukta yAvata gupta brahmacArI bana gyaa| pravrajita hone para unhoMne jIvana-paryanta belA tapa ke sAtha AyaMbila pAraNe se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicaraNa kiyaa| muni kAla meM dhanya ne jo tyAga aura tapasyA kI, vaha adbhUta hai| tapomaya jIvana kA itanA sundara evaM sarvAMgINa varNana zramaNa sAhitya meM to kyA pUre bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane graMtha "kumArasambhava" mahAkAvya meM pArvatI kI tapasyA kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha mahattvapUrNa avazya hai, phira bhI dhanya muni kI tapasyA kA varNana usase bhI viziSTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA hai| isameM dhanya muni kI tapasyA se unakI jo zArIrika dazA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha mana ko romAMcita kara detA hai| tapa karane se unake donoM paira isa prakAra sUkha gaye the, jaise sUkhI huI vRkSa kI chAla, lakar3I kI khar3AUM athavA purAnI sUkhI huI jUtI ho| unake pairoM meM mAMsa aura rakta ke nAma para kucha bhI nahIM thA kevala haDDI, camar3A aura naseM hI dikhAyI detI thii| pairoM kI aMguliyAM kalAya, kUMga yA ur3ada kI una phaliyoM ke samAna ho gayI thI jo komala-komala tor3akara dhUpa meM DAla dI gayI ho| tIvratara tapa ke prabhAva se dhanya muni kI jaMghA rakta-mAMsa ke abhAva meM kAkajaMghA nAmaka vanaspati jo svabhAvataH zuSka hotI hai- kI nAla jaisI ho gyii| usakI tulanA kaMka aura r3haMka nAmaka pakSiyoM kI jaMghAoM se kI gayI hai| isI prakAra dhanya muni kI UrU, kaTi, udara, pAMsulikA, pRSTha- pradeza aura vakSaHsthala, bhujA, hAthoM kI aMguliyAM, grIvA, cibuka, oMTha, jihvA Adi sabhI aMga-pratyaMgoM kA upamAoM dvArA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra dhanya anagAra karmanirjarA ke ananya kAraNa tapazcaraNa meM isa prakAra tanmaya ho gaye ki ve apane zarIra se bhI nirapekSa ho gaye / unako zarIra kA moha lezamAtra bhI nahIM raha gayA / sadeha hokara bhI ve videha dazA ko prApta ho gye| unakI kaThora aura nirlipta tapasyA kI prazaMsA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svayaM apane mukha se zreNika se kii|" tatpazcAta kisI rAtri ke madhya bhAga meM dharma jAgarikA karate hue unake mana meM zuSka zarIrI hone kI bhAvanA jagI / ve sthaviroM ke sAtha vipulagiri para ArUr3ha hokara eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA ke dvArA kAla karake sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM deva rupa meM utpanna hue| tRtIya varga ke anya adhyayana bhI dhanyamuni ke samAna hI saMketa kara diye gaye haiN| prastuta graMtha meM varNita dhanyamuni kI tapasyA kI tulanA bauddha sAhitya meM varNita bhagavAna buddha kI tapasyA se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha paramparA meM majjhimanikAya ke bArahaveM mahAsIhanAda sUtra meM bhagavAna buddha kI kaThora tapasyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhanyakumAra ne kaThora dehadamana nau mAsa taka kiyA thaa| unhoMne do-do upavAsa ke bAda pAraNe meM AyaMbila karanA (jisa meM ghI, dUdha, tela Adi rasaprada cIjoM kA tathA anya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 243 mirca-masAloM kA prayoga na ho, sAtha hI chAcha aura namaka bhI na ho, aisA AhAra jisameM ubale hue cAvala Adi hoM - lene kA niyama AyaMbila kahalAtA hai) unhoMne aisA niyama kiyA thA ki AyaMbila meM bhI jo saMsRSTa hAtha se diyA jAe, jo pheMkane lAyaka ho, jise anya zramaNa-brAhmaNa lenA pasanda na kare, vahI bhikSA lU~gA / buddha ke tapa kA varNana isa prakAra hai- prArambha meM buddha acelaka rahe, muktAcArI rahe, "AIe" kahane para vahAM bhikSArtha nahIM jAte the, " Thahariye" kahane para vahAM bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karate, sAmane lAyI huI bhikSA nahIM lete, auddezika bhikSA nahIM lete, nimantraNa svIkAra nahIM karate, kuMbhI mukha se tathA kalopI ke mukha se bhikSA nahIM lete the / eka hI dartti se nirvAha karate the| eka-eka upavAsa karate, pandraha-pandraha upavAsa karate, kevala zAkabhakSI rahe, AcAma (mAMDa - osAmaNa) bhakSI rahe, khala-bhakSI, tRNabhakSI, gobara bhakSI rahe, camar3e ko sApha karane vAle camAroM ke dvArA pheMka diye gaye hoM, aise camar3e ke Tukar3oM ko bhI cabAte rahe, dAr3hI-mUMcha aura sira ke kezoM kA loca karate rahe, bahuta samaya taka khar3e hI rahate, kAMToM meM sote rahate, mala-dhAraNa karate rahe / yahA~ taka ki unheM jala ke bindu para bhI dayA Ane lagI ki jala meM rahe hue choTe-choTe jIvoM ko mere kAraNa duHkha nahIM ho| choTe bachar3oM kA mUtra pIte, apane mUtra tathA karISa ko khAte-pIte rahe, zmazAna meM rahate aura sote / murdoM kI haDDiyoM kA upadhAna ( takiyA) lgaate| kuttoM ko apane Upara pezAba mUtane dete| unake mana meM yaha bhAvanA AyI ki anya loga mere Upara dhUla DAlate raheM, kAnoM meM zalAkA DAlate raheM, aisI-aisI duHkha vedanA Ane para bhI unake citta meM pApa-vRtti nahIM aayii| kabhI-kabhI eka hI bera khAte rahe / buddha svayaM hI kahate haiM ki he sAri - putra ! aisA nahIM samajhanA ki usa samaya kA bera bar3A hotA thaa| usa samaya bhI bera itanA hI choTA hotA thA / isa prakAra ke zayana, bhojana karane se maiM ekadama vivarNa (kAlA) ho gyaa| merI pAMsulI purAne chappara kI ballI kI taraha alaga-vilaga ho gyii| jaise dina meM kue~ meM tArAoM kA pratibimba dikhAyI par3atA hai, usI taraha merI AMkhe uMDI ho gyii| jaise kaDuA kaddU tApa aura pavana ke prabhAva se mlAna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra merA sira bhI ho gyaa| jaba maiM peTa kA sparza karatA to mere hAtha pITha AtI hai, aisI kaThora tapasyA kI jisase mala-mUtra visarjana ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 245 bAhya tapa chaH prakAra ke haiM :(ka) icchApUrvaka anshn| (kha) unodarikA (kama khaanaa)| (ga) vRtti saMkSepa (khAne-pIne, sunane-sUMghane, dekhane-sparzane, gamanAgamana Adi kI vRttiyoM ko kama krnaa)| (gha) rasa-parityAga (icchA pUrvaka rasoM kA tyaag)| (Ga) kAya-kleza (sahanazIla banane ke lie zarIra ke kaSToM kA sahana) (ca) saMlInatA (viSayavRtti uttejita na ho, isake lie aMgo kI vividha ceSTAoM ko roknaa)| Abhyantara tapa bhI chaH haiM :(ka) prAyazcita :- kiye hue doSa se hone vAle pApa-saMskAra ke nivAraNa ke lie gurU ke sammukha ukta doSa ko prakaTa karake AlocanA karanA aura guru dvArA dI huI AlocanA ke anusAra zArIrika tathA mAnasika anuSThAna krnaa| (kha) vinaya :- mAnanIya guNavaMta janoM (strI yA puruSa) ke prati vacana aura ... karma (zarIra) se namra hokara zraddhAbhAva se vyavahAra krnaa| (ga) vaiyAvRttya :- gurujana, vRddha, rogI Adi kI sevA bhkti| (gha) svAdhyAya :- sat zAstroM kI vAcanA lenA, usa saMbaMdha meM prazna karanA, aise zAstra-vacanoM kA bAra-bAra manana aura cintana karanA aura jIvana meM saMyama-zuddhi ko sthira rakhanevAlI kathAoM dvArA sat-zAstroM kA abhyAsa krnaa| (Ga) dhyAna :- duSTa vicAroM ko rokanA aura sat vicAroM kI vRddhi karanA tathA zuddha saMkalpoM kI vRddhi ke lie mAnasika vyApAra krnaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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bAhya tapa chaH prakAra ke haiM : (ka) icchApUrvaka anazana / (kha) unodarikA (kama khaanaa)| (ga) vRtti saMkSepa (khAne-pIne, sunane - sUMghane, dekhane - sparzane, gamanAgamana Adi kI vRttiyoM ko kama karanA) / (gha) rasa-parityAga (icchA pUrvaka rasoM kA tyaag)| pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 245 kAya-kleza (sahanazIla banane ke lie zarIra ke kaSToM kA sahana) evaM (ca) saMlInatA ( viSayavRtti uttejita na ho, isake lie aMgo kI vividha ceSTAoM ko rokanA) / Abhyantara tapa bhI cha: haiM : (ka) prAyazcita :- kiye hue doSa se hone vAle pApa-saMskAra ke nivAraNa gurU ke sammukha ukta doSa ko prakaTa karake AlocanA karanA aura guru dvArA dI huI AlocanA ke anusAra zArIrika tathA mAnasika anuSThAna krnaa| (Ga) vinaya :- mAnanIya guNavaMta janoM (strI yA puruSa ) ke prati vacana aura karma (zarIra) se namra hokara zraddhAbhAva se vyavahAra krnaa| (ga) vaiyAvRttya :- gurujana, vRddha, rogI Adi kI sevA bhkti| (gha) svAdhyAya :- sat zAstroM kI vAcanA lenA, usa saMbaMdha meM prazna karanA, aise zAstra - vacanoM kA bAra-bAra manana aura cintana karanA aura jIvana meM saMyama-zuddhi ko sthira rakhanevAlI kathAoM dvArA sat-zAstroM kA abhyAsa krnaa| dhyAna :- duSTa vicAroM ko rokanA aura sat vicAroM kI vRddhi karanA tathA zuddha saMkalpoM kI vRddhi ke lie mAnasika vyApAra karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (ca) kAyotsarga :- AtmA meM jo bure saMkalpa lage hue haiM, unako nikAlane ke lie aura citta kI zuddhi ke lie zarIra ko kleza dene kI AvazyakatA anubhava karake zarIra kI mamatA ko dUra kara zarIra ko kleza denA aura kleza ko zAMti evaM aicchika vRtti se sahana krnaa| tapa kI AvazyakatA isalie hai ki jaba zarIra tathA indriyA~ unmAdI banakara AtmA ko unmArga kI ora khIMcatI haiM taba unheM daNDa denA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM aisA hI tapa Atma-zodhana evaM karma-kSayakara bana sakatA hai| prastuta Agama meM anazana tapa kA utkRSTa kriyAtmaka citraNa huA hai| anazana tapa vahI sAdhaka kara sakatA hai jisakI zarIra para Asakti kama ho| anazana meM . azana kA tyAga to kiyA hI jAtA hai, sAtha hI icchAoM, kaSAyoM aura viSaya-vAsanAoM kA tyAga bhI kiyA jAtA hai| prArambha meM sAdhaka kucha samaya ke lie AhAra Adi kA parityAga karatA hai jo itvarika tapa kahalAtA hai| jIvana ke antima kAla meM vaha jIvana-paryanta ke lie AhAra Adi kA parityAga kara detA hai| jo yAvatkAlika tapa kahalAtA hai| dhanya anagAra evaM anya dUsare 32 anagAroM ne ina donoM hI prakAra ke tapoM kI ArAdhanA kI thii| saMlekhanA jaina-sAdhanA vidhi kI eka prakriyA hai jisa sAdhaka ne adhyAtma kI gahana sAdhanA kI hai, vahI saMlekhanA aura samAdhi ke dvArA maraNa ko varaNa kara sakatA hai| maraNa ke samaya jo AhAra Adi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, usameM mRtyu kI cAha nahIM hotI apitu vaha kriyA sAdhaka ke saMyama ke lie hotI hai| jo zarIra sAdhanA meM sahAyaka na rahakara bAdhaka bana gayA ho, jisako vahana karane se AdhyAtmika guNoM kI zuddhi aura vRddhi na hotI ho, vaha tyAjya bana jAtA hai| usa samaya svecchA se maraNa ko varaNa kiyA jAtA hai| saMthArA para AtmahatyA hone kA bhI Aropa hai, kintu saMthArA aura AtmahatyA meM antara hai| AtmahatyA karane vAle ke mana meM bhaya, kAmanA, vAsanA, uttejanA aura kaSAya rahA huA hotA hai, kintu saMthAre meM ina sabakA abhAva hotA hai| isameM AtmA ke nija guNoM ko prakaTa karane kI tIvratara bhAvanA hotI hai| isameM maraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 247 taka kI icchA nahIM hotii| saMthArA AtmahatyA nahIM balki sAdhanA kA maMgalamaya pAvana patha hai| prastuta graMtha meM sabhI 33 sAdhakoM ne jIvana-maraNa kI AkAMkSA se rahita saMlekhanA va saMthArA vrata svIkAra kiyA aura saMsAra va zarIra meM nirlipta rahate hue isa zarIra ko chor3akara AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue kAla ko prApta kara vibhinna anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue, aisA vivecana hai| ___anuttaropapAtikadazA ke adhyayana se tatkAlIna samAja-vyavasthA kA paricaya bhI prApta hotA hai| yadyapi isa graMtha ke pAtra rAjaparivAroM se yA Arthika dRSTi se sarva saMpanna parivAroM se saMbaddha haiN| isa varga meM usa samaya bahuvivAha prathA kA pracalana thaa| jaina sAhitya meM samrATa zreNika kI chabbIsa rAniyoM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| tatkAlIna bauddha graMthoM ke anusAra zreNika kI pAMca sau rAniyAM thii| jAlikumAra kA evaM anya dUsare kumAroM kA vivAha ATha-ATha kanyAoM ke sAtha huaa| kAkandI nagarI kI sArthavAhI bhadrA ne apane dhanyakumAra Adi putroM kA vivAha battIsa-battIsa kanyAoM ke sAtha kiyA thaa| ina vivAhoM meM daheja ke lena-dena kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai| . jAlikumAra ko daheja svarupa ATha karor3a hiraNya, ATha karor3a suvarNa, ATha zreSTha mukuTa, zreSTha kuNDala yugala, uttama hAra, uttama ardhahAra, uttama eka sarAhAra, muktAvalIhAra, kanakAvalIhAra, ratnAvalIhAra, uttama kar3oM kI jor3I, uttama RTita (bAjUbaMda) kI jor3I, rezamI vastra yugala, sutI vastra yugala, Tasara vastra yugala, paTTayugala, dukula yugala, zrI, hI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmIdevI kI pratimA, nanda, bhadra, tAr3avRkSa (sabaratnoM ke), bhavanoM meM ketusvarupa uttama dhvaja, gokula (eka gokula dasa hajAra gAya) nATaka (battIsa manuSyoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA), uttama ghor3e, bhANDAgAra sadRza hAthI, bhANDAgAra zrIdhara samAna sarvaratnamaya uttama yAna, uttama yugya (vAdana), zivikAyeM, syandamAnikAe~, gillI (hAthI kI ambAr3I), thilli (ghor3e ke palANa-kAThI) vikaTa yAna (khulA yAna), pAriyAnika (krIr3A yogya) ratha, sAMgrAmika ratha, uttama azva, uttama hAthI, gAMva (dasa hajAra parivAra kA), dAsa, dAsiyAM, kiMkara, kaMcukI, varSadhara, mahattaraka (antaHpura ke kArya kA vicAra karane vAlA), sone kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA laTakane vAlA dIpaka, cAMdI kA dIpaka, sone, cAMdI aura sone-cAMdI kA paMjara dIpaka, thAla, thAlI, mallaka (kaTorA), tAlikA (rakAbiyAM), kalAcikA (cammaca), tApikA hastaka (saMDAsiyAM), tave, pAdapITha, bhiSikA, karoTikA (loTA), palaMga, pratizayyA, haMsAsana, krauMcAsana, garur3Asana, unnatAsana, avanatAsana, dIrghAsana, bhadrAsana, pakSAsana, makarAsana, padamAsana, diksvAstikAsana, kubjA dAsI, pArasa deza kI dAsI, chatra, chatradhAriNI, dhAtriyA~, aMkadhAtriyAM, aMgamardikA, snAna karAne vAlI dAsI, alaMkRtikAdAsI, candana ghisane vAlI, tAmbUla cUrNa pIsanevAlI, kASThAgAra rakSikA, parihAsikA sabhA ke pAsa rahane vAlI dAsI, nATaka karane vAlI, kauTumbika, bhaNDAra rakSikA, taruNiyAM, mAline, pAnI bharanevAlI, bali karane vAlI, zayyA, bichAne vAlI, Abhyantara pratihArI, bAhya pratihArI- ye saba ATha-ATha kI saMkhyA meM prApta hue| isake alAvA pracura mAtrA meM hIrA-sonA Adi vipula dhana bhI prApta huaa| isI prakAra dhanya Adi kI ye sArI vastue~ battIsa kI saMkhyA meM daheja rupa meM prApta huii| isa varNana se tatkAlIna dhana-saMpatti, AbhUSaNa, yAna-vAhana Adi kI vividhatA para prakAza par3atA hai, bar3I saMkhyA meM dAsa-dAsI ke ullekha se usa samaya meM pracalita dAsa-prathA kA pracalana bhI ujAgara hotA hai| - isa graMtha ke adhyayana se usa samaya kI striyoM kI unnata dazA kA patA calatA hai| usa samaya kI striyoM ke lie puruSoM para Azrita rahanA anivArya nahIM thaa| striyAM svataMtra rupa se vyApAra Adi kArya karatI thI tathA parivAra kI pahacAna bhI usI ke nAma se hotI thii| unheM vyApAra viSayaka pUrA jJAna thaa| bhadrA sArthavAhI vyApAra kA kArya hI nahIM karatI hai balki vyApAriyoM ke samUha kI mukhiyA hai| usameM vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha kisI se parAbhUta nahIM hotI hai| yaha ullekha striyoM ke sAmAjika rupa se pratiSThita avasthA ko darzAtA hai| yahA~ bhadrA sArthavAhI ke pati kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isI prakAra chaThe aMga jJAtAdharmakathA ke pA~cave adhyayana meM thAvaccAgAhApatnI kA ullekha binA pati ke hI hai aura usake putra kA paricaya usI ke nAma se thAvaccAputra prApta hotA hai| tatkAlIna nagaroM ke rupa meM kAkandI, rAjagRha, vANijya grAma, sAketa, hastinApura kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra kAkaMdI gorakhapura se dakSiNa-pUrva For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 249 tIsa mIla para aura nUnakhAra sTezana se do mIla para kahIM cinhita kiyA jAtA hai| kAkaMdI jItazatru rAjA kI rAjadhAnI thI, yaha dhanya kumAra kI janmabhUmi thI tathA yahA~ kA sahasrAmravana nAmaka udyAna usakI dIkSAbhUmi thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa yahA~ bhI lagA thaa| rAjagRha prAcIna magadha sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha pA~ca parvatoM se ghirI huI hai| yaha bhArata kA sundara, samRddha aura vaibhavazAlI nagara thaa| yahA~ bhagavAna ke 14 varSAvAsa tathA do sau se adhika samavasaraNa hue| yahA~ buddha ne bhI varSAvAsa kiye the| isakA nAma girivajra bhI thaa| vartamAna meM yaha rAjagirI nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| prAcIna kAla meM yaha kSitipratiSThita nAma se pratiSThita thaa| isake jala jAne para samrATa zreNika ke pitA prasenajita ne ise rAjagRha nAma se basAyA thaa| vANijyagrAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke pAsa kA eka nagara thaa| vartamAna meM yaha baniyA grAma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| upAsakadazAsUtra meM usakA varNana AyA hai| sAketa kozala kI rAjadhAnI thii| itihAsajJoM ke anusAra yaha vartamAna ayodhyA ke pAsa hI kahIM honI caahie| hastinApura bhArata ke prasiddha prAcIna nagaroM meM eka thaa| mahAbhArata kAla meM yaha kurudeza kA eka sundara evaM mukhya nagara thaa| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM isake hastinI, hastinapura, hastinApura, gajapura Adi nAma upalabdha hote haiN| vartamAna meM yaha meraTha se 22 mIla pUrvottara aura bijanora se dakSiNa-pazcima ke koNa meM gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa-kinAre para sthita hai| - tatkAlIna rAjAoM meM magadha samrATa zreNika aura kAkandI ke rAjA jItazatru kA nAmollekha milatA thaa| zreNika kA varNana jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM sAhitya meM pracura mAtrA meM prApta hotA hai| zreNika kA dUsarA nAma bimbisAra bhI hai| bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra vaha zizunAgavaMzIya kula meM utpanna huaa| mahAkavi azvaghoSa ne 'jAtasya haryagakule vizAle'' kahakara usakA kula haryagakula kahA hai| AcArya - haribhadra ne unakA kula yAhika mAnA hai| rAyacaudharI ne haryagakula ko nAgavaMza mAnA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM isa kula kA nAma zizunAgavaMza pAyA jAtA hai| paMDita gegara aura bhaNDArakara ne silona ke pAlI vaMzAnukrama ke anusAra bimbisAra aura zizunAgavaMza ko pRthaka batalAyA hai|' DaoN. kAzI prasAda ne zreNika ke pUrvajoM kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA saMbaMdha kAzI ke rAjavaMza se batAyA hai, jaina AgamoM meM zreNika ke bhaMbhasAra, bhiMbhasAra, bhibhisAra nAma milate haiN| 52 zreNika kA janma nAma kyA thA, isa viSaya meM tInoM paramparAyeM haiM ke viSaya meM eka kathA pracalita hai - zreNika jaba bAlaka thA taba rAjamahala meM Aga lgii| sabhI rAjakumAra bahumUlya vastue~ lekara bhAge kintu zreNika ne bhaMbhA (rAjacinha) ko hI grahaNa kiyA isalie usakA nAma bhaMbhasAra par3A 3 bauddha paramparA meM zreNika kA nAma bimbisAra hai| 54 tibbatI paramparA usakI mAtA kA nAma bimbi mAnatI hai, isalie usakA nAma bimbisAra hai| 5 jaina paramparA ke anusAra sainika zreNiyoM kI sthApanA karane ke kAraNa usakA nAma zreNika par3A 156 bauddhoM ke anusAra pitA dvArA aThAraha zreNiyoM kI sthApanA karane ke kAraNa vaha zreNika bimbisAra khlaayaa| 7 mahatI senA kA svAmI yA zreNiya gotra hone se bhI usakA nAma zreNika mAnA jAtA hai|8 zrImada bhAgavata purANa meM zreNika ke ajAtazatru vidhisAra nAma bhI Aye haiN| dUsare sthaloM para vindhyasena aura suvindu nAma ke bhI ullekha haiN| 60 Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti" aura triSaSThirAlAkApurUSacaritra ke anusAra zreNika ke pitA prasenajita the| digambara AcArya hariSeNa ne zreNika ke pitA kA nAma upazreNi likhA hai| 63 AcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM zreNika ke pitA kA nAma kuNika diyA hai|64 parantu yaha anya Agama evaM Agametara graMthoM se pRthaka ullekha hai| kuNika zreNika kA pitA nahIM putra hai| anyatra graMthoM meM zreNika ke pitA kA nAma mahApadma, hemajita, kSetroMjA, kSaitprojA bhI milatA hai / " uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra zreNika ne anAthI muni se nAtha aura anAtha ke guru gaMbhIra rahasya ko samajhakara jaina-dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| 7 ve kSAyika samyaktva dhArI the / bahuzruta aura prajJapti jaise AgamoM ke vettA na hone ke bAvajUda sirpha samyaktva ke kAraNa unhoMne tIrthaMkara nAma karma kA baMdha kiyA thaa| bauddha graMthoM meM zreNika ko buddha kA anuyAyI mAnA gayA hai| kaI viddhAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki jIvana ke pUrvArddha meM vaha jaina thA uttarArddha meM bauddha bana gayA, isalie jaina graMthoM meM usake naraka jAne kA ullekha hai parantu Agama vidvAna devendra muni zAstrI ise galata mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM yaha ho sakatA hai ki jaba rAjA prasenajita ne zreNika ko nirvAsita kiyA thA, usa samaya unhoMne prathama vizrAma nandIgrAma meM liyA thaa| vahA~ ke pramukha For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 251 brAhmaNoM ne rAjakopa ke bhaya se unheM bhojana, AvAsa Adi pradAna nahIM kiyA ho| vivaza hokara nandI grAma se bAhara bauddha vihAra meM unheM rUkanA par3A ho aura vahA~ ke bauddha bhikSuoM ne unheM sneha pradAna kiyA ho, jisase unake antarmAnasa meM bauddha dharma ke prati sahaja anurAga jAgrata huA ho isalie jaina dharma ke upAsaka hone ke sAtha buddha ke prati bhI usake mana meM sneha rahA ho aura isI kAraNa unhoMne buddha se dhArmika carcAe~ kI ho|68 prastuta aMga meM zreNika ke putroM kI carcA hai| anuttaravimAna meM utpanna hone vAle 33 muniyoM meM 23 zreNika ke hI putra the| inameM 20 dhAriNI devI se, 2 celanA se aura 1 nandA devI se utpanna thaa| 10 muni kAkaMdI ke bhadrA sArthavAhI ke putra the| dUsarA varNana kAkaMdI ke jItazatru rAjA kA AyA hai| jaina sAhitya ke kathAgraMthoM meM jItazatru rAjA kA paryApta ullekha hai| jItazatru kA nAma nimna nagaroM ke rAjA ke rupa meM AyA hai : 1. vANijyagrAma 2 campAnagarI 3. ujjayinI sarvatobhadra nagara 5. mithilA nagarI 6. pAMcAla deza 7. AmalakalpA nagarI 8. sAvatthI (zrAvastI) 9. vArANasI 10. AlaMbhiyA 11. polaaspur| inake sAtha meM prAyaH dhAriNI rAnI kA nAma AtA hai| isa prakAra ke vivaraNa se yaha patA calatA hai ki jItazatru koI vyakti vizeSa na hokara AlaMkArika nAma rahA ho| jItazatru kA zAbdika artha hotA hai zatruoM ko jiitnevaalaa| duniyA~ kI lagabhaga sabhI paramparAoM meM kahAniyoM ke prArambha meM eka Adarza vAkya ke rupa meM kathana prApta haiN| mahAbhArata Adi graMthoM meM yaha "ekadA naimiSyArANye" bahuta se jAtakoM ke pahale hI "atIte vArANasiyaM bahamadatte rajjaM karinte' Arabba For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA upanyAsoM meM "khalIphA hArUna-u-rasIda ke rAjyatva meM" isI prakAra 'atItakAla meM jaba vikramAditya rAjya karate the' yA "LONG LONG AGO" jaisA Amukha prApta hotA hai| isI Adarza vAkya kI paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue jaina AgamoM aura anya jaina sAhitya kI zurUAta "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samayeNa ..nayare ajja suhammassa smosrnnN| parisA niggayA jAva yA teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samayeNa....nagarI hotthaa| vnnnno|...raayaa|" isa prakAra meM kI gayI hai| prasaMgAnusAra prasiddha nagaroM yA kisI Adarza rAjA kA nAma liyA gayA hai| jItazatru nAma bhI isI prakAra kA hai| . . ___ anuttaropapAtikasUtra meM tatkAlIna bahattara kalAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : 1. lekhana 2 gaNita 3. rupa 4. nATaka 5. gAyana 6. vAdhya 7 saragama 8.vAcya sudhAra 9. samatAla 10 dyuta 11 janavAda (vAda-vivAda) 12. pAsA 13. caupar3a khelanA 14. pUrAkRtya 15. dagamRttikA 16. annavidhi 17. pAnavidhi 18. vastravidhi 19. vilepana vidhi 20. zayanavidhi 21. AryA (chanda) 22. pahalI 23 mAgadhikA 24. gAthA 25 gItikA 26. zloka 27. hiraNyayukti 28. suvarNayukti 29. cUrNa-yukti 30. AbharaNavidhi 31. tarUNIpratikrama 32. strIlakSaNa 33. purUSalakSaNa 34. azvalakSaNa 35 gajalakSaNa 36. goNalakSaNa 37. kukkuTa lakSaNa 38. kSatra-lakSaNa 39. daMDalakSaNa 40. asilakSaNa 41 maNilakSaNa 42. kAgaNilakSaNa 43. vAstuvidyA 44. khaMdhAramAna 45. nagaramAna 46. vyUha 47 prativyUha 48. cAra (sainya saMcAlana) 49. praticAra 50. cakravyUha 51 garUDavyUha 52. zakaTa vyUha 53. yuddha 54 niryuddha 55. yuddhAtiyuddha 56. asthiyuddha 57. muSTiyuddha 58 bAhuyuddha 59. latAyuddha 60 iSattha 61. charupravAda 62. dhanurveda 63. hiraNyapAka 64 suvarNapAka 65 sUtrakheTa 66. vaTTakheTa 67. nAlikAkheTa 68. patracchedana 69. kar3Achedana 70. sajIva 71 nirjIva 72. skunirupmit| prastuta aMga kI zailI anya AgAmoM kI taraha hI hai| isameM nagara, rAjA Adi kA varNana samAna rupa se kiyA gayA hai isalie inakA varNana eka graMtha (aupaMpAtika sUtra) meM karake vahA~ kA nirdeza jAva zabda se kara diyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA: 253 isakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai, saMpUrNa jaina Agama sAhitya ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hI likhita hai| pro. jaikobI ne ise " jaina prAkRta' kahA hai aura mahArASTrIya kA prAcIna rupa mAnA hai| bhAratIya vaiyAkaraNa jaina sUtroM kI bhASA ko "ArSa' kahate haiN| rUdraTa ke kAvyAMlakAra para TIkA karate hue namisAdhu ne kahA hai " Arisa vacaNe siddhaM devANaM addhamAgahAvANI" arthAta ardhamAgadhI RSiyoM, siddhoM aura devatAoM kI bhASA hai| jisa prakAra bauddhoM ne mAgadhI ko sabhI bhASAoM ke mUla meM mAnA hai| usI prakAra jaina vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI ardhabhAgadhI ko sabhI bhASAoM kA mUla mAnA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza usI bhASA meM diyA thaa| ardhabhAgadhI ko mAgadhI aura zaurasenI kA mizraNa mAnA gayA hai isalie isameM donoM ke lakSaNa prApta hote haiN| anuttaropapAtika meM mAgadhI ke samAna hI prathamA ekavacana akArAnta vartamAnakAla meM e pAyA jAtA hai :- bhadanta jha bhaMte, vAriSeNA jha vAriseNe, abhaya jha abhaye, kumnAra jha kumAre, kahIM o bhI hai - meghaH jha meho, siMha jha sIho, niggataH - niggao Adi / za ke sthAna para sa- samavazaraNam jha samosaraNaM, guNazailaka jha guNasilaya, dazAnAM jha dsaannN| ka kA ga- antakRtadazA jha antagaDadasANaM, isameM ta kA Da bhI huA hai| kAkaMdI jha kAgadI, kahIM ga kA lopa hai- kAyaMdI, kahIM ka jyoM kA tyoM hai- kaakNdii| avAdIla jha vayAsI hokara Adisvara kA lopa huA hai| na kA Na - anuttaropapAtika jha annuttrovvaaiy| isameM pakA va bhI hai| isake alAvA zramaNena jha samaNeNa / katya kA kaI, adhyayana jha ajjhayaNa, prajJaptAni jha paNNattA, prathama jha par3hama, caityaH jha cetite / da kA ra- ekAdaza-ekkArasa, trayodaza-terasa / R kA uApRcchaNA jha aapucchnnaa| Sa,rA, sa kA sa - SouzA jha solasa, yahA~ Da kA bhI la hai / kRta pratyaya kA kacca- kAlaMkRtvA-kAlaMkiccA / yazruti- bhANitavyam - bhANiyavvaM / ta ke sthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA para ca- dvitIyasya jha doccassa, tRtIyasya jha taccassa, ca varga kA ta varga- kadAcit jha kayAti, pravrajita jha pavvatite, mAsikyA saMlekhanayA jha mAsiyAe sNlehnnaae| yadi jha jati yahA~ ya kA ja, ta kA da- srvrtussu-svvodueN| madhyavartI ga kA lopa nahIM-nagaryA jha nagarIe, abhUta kA hotthaa| prathamA ekavacana dhanya kA dhanyaM rupa bhI hai| ta jyoM kA tyoM- vadati jha vaMdati, namasyati jha NamaMsaMti, darzayati jha daMsati, niSkrAmati jha nnikkhaamti| ___pakA ma- vanIpakA jha vaNImagA, tha kA ha- atithi jha atihi, dattA kA dibhaa| Ta kA Da- vaTajhavaDa, taTikarAlenajhataDikarAleNaM, ra kA la rUkSaMjhalukkhA ka kA ta- zreNikajhaseNite, gautama kA goyamA aura gotamA donoM rupa haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prastuta aMga meM zaurasenI aura mAgadhI ke rupa milate haiN| kucha rupa ina donoM se alaga aura ati prAcIna bhI haiM jaise :- "bhaMte, abhaye, cetite, nagarIe, vaMdati, namasaMti, seNite tathA na kA Na" parivartana aadi| saMdarbha :1. naMdIsUtra, 76, pR. 152 2. vahI 79, pR. 160 3. vahI 82, pR. 165 4. vahI 54 samAyAMga, pR. 185 nirayAvalI, 1/1 7. Avazyaka cUrNi 2 pR. 171 8. samavAyavRtti, pR. 144 9. Avazyaka (haribhadra) pR. 679 10. bhagavatI (abhayadeva) pR. 316 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 255 11. Avazyaka, pR.- 27 12. vyavahArasUtra bhASya, 10-536 13. bhagavatI, zataka-7 14. (ka) naMdIsUtra-54, saM. madhukara muni, pR. 185 (kha) samavAyAMga, pR.- 185 15. vahI, pR.- 185 16. dhavalA, pR. 103, saMpA., paM. hIrAlAla jaina 17. (ka) jayadhavalA, sUtra-75, pR.93 khaNDa-1, bhA di jai saM., mathurA (kha) naMdI TIkA, pR. 229 18. anuttaropapAtika- pariziSTa, TippaNI pR. 62 19. jJAtAdharmakathA 1/1, nirayAvalI 23, anu 11/1 triSaSThizalAkA. -10/9 20. jJAtAdharmakathA 1/1 21. bharatezvara bAhubalI vRtti patra-3-8 22. jJAtA - 1/11 23. nirayAvalI-1 24. (ka). Avazyaka cUrNi uttarArdhapatra 159- 163, (kha) triSaSThizalAkApurUSacaritra 10-11-124 se 293 25. dharmaratnaprakaraNa abhayakumAra kathA 1/130 26. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, TIkA 2/6/136 27. yogazAstra svopajJavRtti 1/30 pR. 91-95 28. majjhimanikAya, prakaraNa 76 29. saMyuktanikAya, abhayasutta 44/6/6 30. dhammapada aTThakathA 13/4 31. theragAthA aTThakathA 1/58 32. thera gAthA 26, theragAthA aTukathA khaNDa 1,pR. 83-84. For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA 33. Agama aura tripiTika : eka anuzIlana, pR. 359 34. anuttaraupapAtikadazA : eka adhyayana, paM. becaradAsa dozI pR. 10 35. anuttaraupapAtikadazAsUtra 16, tRtIya varga 36. majjhimanikAya, mahAsIhanAda sUtra 12 (kaMDikA 20-29) 37. anuttaraupapAtikadazA, saM. madhukaramuni, pR. 16-17 38. bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, pR. 473-474 39. vinayapiTaka mahAvagga 9/1/15 40. anuttaraupapAtika, prathama varga, sUtra 3 41. vahI, tRtIya varga, prathama adhyayana, tRtIya adhyayana, sUtra 3,21 42. vahI, prathama varga, sUtra 3 43. vahI, tRtIya varga, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 3 44. vahI, sUtra 2 45. upAsakadazA, prathama adhyayana 46. zrImadbhAgavata, dvitIya kANDa, pR. 903 47. buddhacarita, sarga 11, zloka 2 48. Avazyaka harIbhidrIya vRtti patra 677 49. sTaDIja ina iNDiyA, enTIikvITIja pR. 216 50. mahAvaMza, gAthA 27-32 51. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra 1 adhyayana 13 (kha) dazAzrutaskandha 10 sUtra 1 (ga) ThANAMgasUtra, sthA. 9 patra 458 53. upadezamAlA, saTIkapatra 334-1 54. iNDiyana hisTorikala kvATaralI, bhAga-14, aMka-2, jUna 1938 pR. 413 55. vahI, pR. 413 56. abhidhAna cintAmaNi, svopajJavRtti, martyakANDa zloka 376 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 257 57. vinayapiTaka, gilagita mAMskRpTa 58. dhammapAla udAnaTIkA pR. 140 59. zrImadbhAgavata, dvitIya kANDa pR. 903 60. zrImadbhAgavata 12/1 61. bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa, bhAgavad datta pR. 252 62. vahI, patra 671 63. vahI, 10/6/1 64. bRhadkathA koSa, kathA 55, zloka 1-2 65. vahI, 74/4/8 pR. 471 66. aupapAtikasUtra 67. paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha enziyanTa iNDiyA, pR. 203 68. vahI, adhyAya 20 69. * anuttaropapAtikadazA, saM madhukara muni, bhUmikA pR. 10 . 70. vahI, pariziSTa pR. 64 zodhachAtra pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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antakRtadazA kI viSaya vastu : eka punarvicAra - pro. sAgaramala jaina antakRddazA jaina aMga-AgamoM kA aSTama aMgasUtra hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ise dasa dazAoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai| antakRddazA kI viSayavastu se saMbaMdhita nirdeza zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra meM tathA digambara paramparA meM rAjavArtika, dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA meM upalabdha hai| antakRtdazA kA vartamAna svarupa :- vartamAna meM jo antakRddazA upalabdha hai usameM ATha varga haiN| prathama varga meM aura viSNu ye dasa adhyayana upalabdha haiM : 1. gautama 2. samudra 3. sAgara 4. gambhIra 5. stimita 6. acala 7. kAmpilya 8. akSobha 9. prasenajita dvitIya varga meM ATha adhyayana haiM inake nAma haiM : 1. akSobha 2. sAgara 3. samudra 4. himavanta 5. acala 6. dharana 7. pUrana 8. abhicndr| tRtIya varga meM nimna teraha adhyayana haiM : 1. anIyasa kumAra 2 anantasena kumAra 3. unihata kumAra 4. vidvat kumAra 5. devayaza kumAra 6. zatrusena kumAra 7 sAraNa kumAra 8. gaja kumAra 9. sumukha kumAra 10. durmukha kumAra 11 kUpaka kumAra 12 dAruka kumAra 13. anAdRSTi kumaar| caturtha varga meM nimna dasa adhyayana haiM : 1. jAli kumAra 2 mayAli kumAra 3. uvayAli kumAra 4. puruSasena kumAra 5. vAriSeNa kumAra 6. pradyumna kumAra 7. zAmba kumAra 8. aniruddha kumAra 9. satyanemi kumAra 10. dRDhanemi kumaar| ___ paMcama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM jo kRSNa kI ATha pradhAna patniyoM aura pradyumna kI do patniyoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| prathama varga se lekara pA~caveM varga taka ke adhikAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 259 vyakti kRSNa ke parivAra se saMbaMdhita haiM chaTheM, sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga kA saMbaMdha mahAvIra ke zAsana se hai| chaTheM varga ke nimna 16 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM : 1. makAI 2. kiMkama 3. mudgarapANi 4. kAzyapa 5. kSemaka 6. dhRtidhara 7. kailAza 8. haricandana 9 vArata 10. sudarzana 11. puNyabhadra 12. sumanabhadra 13. supratiSThita 14. meghakumAra 15. atimukta kumAra 16. alakka (alakSya) kumaar| sAtaveM varga ke 13 adhyayanoM ke nAma nimna haiM : 1. nandA 2. nandavatI 3. nandottarA 4. nanda zreNikA 5. marutA 6. sumarutA 7. mahAmarutA 8. maruddevA 9 bhadrA 10 subhadrA 11. sujAtA 12. sumanAyikA 13. bhuutdttaa| AThaveM varga meM kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA, sukRSNA, vIrakRSNA, rAmasenakRSNA, karmasenakRSNA aura mahAsenakRSNA ina dasa zreNika kI patniyoM kA ullekha hai| uparyukta sampUrNa vivaraNa ko dekhane se kevala kiMkama aura sudarzana hI aise adhyAya haiM jo sthAnAMga meM ullikhita vivaraNa se nAma sAmya rakhate haiM, zeSa sAre nAma bhinna haiN| antakRddazA kI viSayavastu saMbaMdhI prAcIna ullekha : sthAnAMga meM hameM sarvaprathama antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isameM antakRddazA ke nimna dasa adhyana batAye gaye haiM- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta (rAmaputta), sudarzana, jamAlI, bhayAlI, kiMkama, pallatetIya aura phaalambputr| yadi hama vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRddazA ko dekhate haiM to usameM uparyukta dasa adhyAyoM meM kevala do nAma sudarzana aura kiMkama upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga meM antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM antakRta jIvoM ke nagara, udyAna, caitya, vanakhaNDa, rAjA, mAtA-pitA, samavasaraNa, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihaloka aura paraloka kI Rddhi vizeSa, bhoga aura unakA parityAga, pravrajyA, zrutajJAna kA adhyayana, tapa tathA kSamA Adi bahuvidha For Personal & Private Use Only

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260 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pratimAoM kA vahana, satraha prakAra ke saMyama, brahmacarya, AkiMcanya, samiti, gupti, apramAda, yoga, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI vivaraNa haiN| Age isameM uttama saMyama ko prApta karane para tathA parigrahoM ke jItane para cAra karmoM ke kSaya hone se kevalajJAna kI prApti kisa prakAra se hotI hai, isakA ullekha hai, sAtha hI una muniyoM kI zramaNa paryAya, prAyopagamana, anazana, tapa aura raja se mukta hokara mokSasukha ko prApta karane saMbaMdhI ullekha haiN| samavAyAMga ke anusAra isameM eka zrutaskaMdha, dasa adhyayana aura sAta varga batalAye gaye haiM jabaki upalabdha antakRddazA meM ATha varga haiN| ataH samavAyAMga meM vartamAna antakRddazA kI apekSA eka varga kama batAyA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ne sthAnAMga kI mAnyatA aura usake sAmane upalabdha graMtha meM eka samanvaya baiThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aisA bhI lagatA hai ki samavAyAMgakAra ke sAmane sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA lupta ho cukI thI aura mAtra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kI smRti hI zeSa thI tathA usake sthAna para vartamAna upalabdha antakRddazA ke kama se kama sAta vargoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| / ___nandIsUtrakAra antakRddazA ke saMbaMdha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai vaha bahuta kucha to samavAyAMga ke samAna hI hai kintu usameM spaSTa rupa se isake ATha varga kA ullekha prApta hai| samavAyAMgakAra jahA~ antakRddazA ke dasa samuddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai vahA~ nandIsUtrakAra usake ATha uddezana kAloM kI carcA karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRddazA kI racanA samavAyAMga ke kAla taka bahuta kucha ho cukI thI aura vaha antima rupa se nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pUrva apane astitva meM A cukA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha tInoM vivaraNoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA ke prathama saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu kisa prakAra se usase alaga kara dI gaI aura nandIsUtra ke racanA kAla taka usake sthAna para navIna saMskaraNa kisa prakAra astitva meM A gyaa| yadi hama digambara sAhitya kI dRSTi se isa prazna para vicAra kareM to hameM sarvaprathama tattvArthavArtika meM antakRddazA kI viSayavastu se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM nimna dasa adhyayanoM kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai :- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmaputta, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 261 sudarzana, yamalika, valika, kiSkambala aura pAtAlambaSTha putr| yadi hama sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA ke dasa adhyayanoM se inakI tulanA karate haiM to isake yamalika aura valika aise do nAma haiM, jo sthAnAMga ke ullekha se bhinna haiN| vahA~ inake sthAna para jamAlI, bhayAlI (bhagAlI) aise do adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai| punaH cilvaka kA ullekha tattvArtha vArtikakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai usake sthAna para pAla aura ambaSThaputra aise do alaga-alaga nAma mAna liye haiN| yadi hama isakI prAmANikatA kI carcA meM utareM to sthAnAMga kA vivaraNa hameM sarvAdhika prAmANika lagatA hai| sthAnAMga meM antakRddazA ke jo dasa adhyAya batAye gaye haiM unameM nami nAmaka adhyAya vartamAna meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki sthAnAMga meM ullikhita "nami" nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu abhinna thI yA bhinna thii| nami kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM pArAzara, rAmaputta Adi prAcIna RSiyoM ke sAtha unake nAma kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita dvitIya "mAtaMga" nAmaka adhyayana RSibhASita ke 23veM mAtaMga nAmaka adhyayana ke rupa meM Aja upalabdha hai| yadyapi viSayavastu kI samarupatA ke saMbaMdha meM yahA~ bhI kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| saumila nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma sAmya RSibhASita ke 42veM soma nAmaka adhyAya ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAmaputta nAmaka caturtha adhyayana bhI RSibhASita ke teIsaveM adhyayana ke rupa meM ullikhita hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra dvigRddhidazA ke eka adhyayana kA nAma bhI rAmaputta thaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki antakRtdazA isibhAsiyAiM aura dvigRddhidazA ke rAmaputta nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu bhinna ho, cAhe vyakti vahI ho| sUtrakRtAMgakAra ne rAmaputta kA ullekha arhat pravacana meM eka sammAnita RSi ke rupa meM kiyA hai| rAmaputta kA ullekha pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM hameM vistAra se milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM ullikhita antakRddazA kA pAcavA~ adhyayana sudarzana hai| vartamAna antakRddazA meM chaThe varga ke dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sudarzana hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra antakRddazA kA chaThA adhyayana jamAlI hai| antakRddazA meM sudarzana kA vistRta ullekha arjuna mAlAkAra ke a6 yayana meM bhI hai| jamAlI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhagavatIsUtra meM jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kriyamANakRta ke siddhAMta kA virodha karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA jamAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jAmAtR bhI mAnatI hai| paravartI sAhitya niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNiyoM meM bhI jamAlI kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura unheM eka nihnava batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga kI sUcI ke anusAra antakRddazA kA sAtavA~ adhyayana bhayAlI (bhagAlI) hai| "bhagAlI metenj"| sthAnAMga kI sUcI meM antakRtdazA ke AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma kiMkama yA kiMkasa hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA meM chaThe varga ke dvitIya adhyAya kA nAma kiMkama hai, yadyapi yahA~ tatsambandhI vivaraNa kA abhAva hai| sthAnAMga meM antakRtdazA ke 9veM adhyayana kA nAma cilvakayA cillavAka hai| kucha pratiyoM meM isake sthAna para "palletIya" aisA nAma bhI milatA hai isa sambandha meM hameM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hai| digambara AcArya akalaMkadeva bhI isa sambandha meM spaSTa nahIM hai| sthAnAMga meM dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma phAlaambaDaputta batAyA hai| jisakA saMskRtarupa pAlaambaSThaputra ho sakatA hai| ambaDa saMnyAsI kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM vistAra se milatA hai| ambaDa ke nAma se eka adhyayana RSibhASita meM bhI hai| yadyapi vivAda kA viSaya yaha ho sakatA hai ki jahA~ RSibhASita aura bhagavatI use ambaDa parivrAjaka kahate haiM yahA~ use ambaDaputta kahA gayA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se gaveSaNA karane para hameM aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM antakRtdazA ke jo 10 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM ve yathArtha vyaktiyoM se sambandhita rahe hoMge kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza ke ullekha anya srotoM se bhI upalabdha haiN| inameM se kucha to aise haiM jinakA ullekha bauddha paramparA meM mila jAtA hai yathA-rAmaputta, somila, mAtaMga aadi| ___ antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate samaya hama sunizcitarupa se itanA kaha sakate haiM ki ina sabameM sthAnAMga saMbadhI vivaraNa adhika prAmANika tathA aitihAsika satyatA ko liye hue hai| samavAyAMga meM eka ora isake dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM to dUsarI ora samavAyAMgakAra sAta vargoM kI bhI carcA karatA hai isase aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke uparyukta vivaraNa likhe jAne ke samaya sthAnAMga meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 263 ullekhita antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu badala cukI thI kintu vartamAna meM upalab antakRtdazA kA pUrI taraha nirmANa bhI nahIM ho pAyA thaa| kevala sAta hI varga bane the| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kI racanA nandIsUtra meM tatsaMbaMdhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva nizcita rupa se ho cukI thI kyoMki nandIsUtrakAra usameM 10 adhyayana hone kA koI ullekha nahIM karatA hai| sAtha hI vaha ATha vargoM kI carcA karatA hai| vartamAna antakRtdazA ke bhI ATha varga hI haiN| upayukta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu nandIsUtra kI racanA ke kucha samaya pUrva taka astitva meM A gaI thii| aisA lagatA hai ki vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva hI prAcIna antakRtdazA ke adhyAyoM kI yA to upekSA kara dI gayI yA unheM yatra-tatra anya graMthoM meM jor3a diyA gayA thA aura isa prakAra prAcIna antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu ke sthAna para navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gyii| yahA~ prazna svAbhAvika rupa se utpanna ho sakatA hai ki aisA kyoM kiyA gyaa| kyA vismRti ke AdhAra para prAcIna antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu lupta ho gayI athavA usakI prAcIna viSayavastu saprayojana vahA~ yahA~ se alaga kara dI gii| .. merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki viSayavastu kA yaha parivartana vismRti ke kAraNa nahIM, parantu saprayojana hI huA hai| antakRddazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu meM jina dasa vyaktitvoM ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA thA unameM nizcita rupa se mAtaMga, ambaDa, rAmaputta, * bhayAlI (bhagAlI) jamAlI Adi aise haiM jo cAhe kisI samaya taka jaina paramparA meM sammAnyarupa se rahe hoM kintu aba ve jaina paramparA ke virodhI yA bAharI mAna liye gaye the| jinapraNIta aMgasUtroM meM unakA ullekha rakhanA samucita nahIM mAnA gyaa| jisa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa se RSibhASita ko saprayojana alaga kiyA gayA usI prakAra antakRddazA se inake vivaraNa ko bhI saprayojana alaga kiyA gyaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jaba jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa ko vAsudeva ke rupa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA to unake tathA unake parivAra se saMbaMdhita kathAnakoM ko kahIM sthAna denA Avazyaka thaa| ataH antakRtdazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu ko badala kara usake sthAna para kRSNa aura unake For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA parivAra se saMbaMdhita pAMca vargoM ko jor3a diyA gyaa| antakRddazA kI viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya hamAre. sAmane yaha AtA hai ki digambara paramparA meM antakRddazA kI jo viSayavastu tatvArthavArtika meM ullikhita hai vaha sthAnAMga kI sUcI se bahuta kucha mela khAtI hai| yaha kaise sambhava huA? digambara paramparA jahA~ aMga AgamoM ke lopa kI bAta karatI hai to phira tattvArthavArtikakAra ko usakI prAcIna viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI : kaise ho gii| merI aisI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke saMbaMdha meM digambara paramparA meM jo kucha bhI jAnakArI prApta huI hai vaha yApanIya paramparA ke mAdhyama se prApta huI aura itanA nizcita hai ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbaroM kA bheda hone taka sthAnAMga meM ullikhita sAmagrI antakRtdazA meM pracalita rahI ho aura tatsaMbaMdhI jAnakArI anuzruti ke mAdhyama se tattvArtha vArtikakAra taka pahuMcI ho| tatvArthavArtikakAra ko : bhI kucha nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM avazya hI bhrAMti hai, usake sAmane mUlagraMtha hotA to aisI maMta kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| jamAlI kA to saMskRta rupa yamalIka ho sakatA hai kintu bhagAlI yA bhayAlI kA saMskRta rupa valIka kisI prakAra nahIM bntaa| isI prakAra kiMkama kA kiSkambala rupa kisa prakAra banA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| cilvaka yA pallatettIya ke nAma kA apalApa karake pAlaambaSThaputta ko bhI alaga-alaga kara dene se aisA lagatA hai ki vArtikakAra ke samakSa mUla graMtha nahIM hai kevala anuzruti ke rupa meM hI vaha unakI carcA kara rahA hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra viSayavastu saMbaMdhI donoM prakAra kI viSayavastu se avagata haiM vahAM digambara (AcAryoM ko mAtra prAcIna saMskaraNa) upalabdha antakRddazA kI viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM jo ki chaThI zatAbdI meM astitva meM A cukI thI koI jAnakArI nahIM thii| ataH unakA AdhAra kevala anuzruti thA grantha nhiiN| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM kA AdhAra eka ora grantha thA to dUsarI aura sthAnAMga kA vivrnn| dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM antakRtdazA sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM vaha nizcita rupa se tattvArthavArtika para AdhArita haiN| svayaM dhavalAkAra vIrasena "uktaM ca tattvArthabhASye" kahakara usakA ullekha karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dhavalAkAra ke samakSa bhI prAcIna viSavastu kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 265 koI graMtha upasthita nahIM thaa| __ ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki prAcIna antakRddazA kI viSayavastu IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI parivartita ho cukI thI aura chaThI zatAbdI ke anta taka vartamAna antakRddazA astitva meM A cukI thii| saMdarbha :1. sthAnAMga- (saM. madhukara muni) dazama sthAna sUtra 110 evaM 113 dasa dasAo paNNattAo, taM jahA-kammavivAgadasAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAo AyAradasAo, paNhavAgaraNadasAo, baMdhadasAo, dogiddhidasAo, dIhadasAo, sNkheviydsaao| evaM aMtagaDadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jhaaN| . 'Nami mAtaMge somile, rAmagutte sudaMsaNe cev|| - jamAlI ya bhagAlI ya, kiMkase cilletiy| phAle aMbaDaputte ya eme te esa aahitaa|| .. 2. samavAyAMga- (saM. madhukara muni) prakIrNaka samavAya, sUtra, 539-540 se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo? aMtagaDadasAsu NaM aMtagaDANaM nagarAiM ujjANAiM ceiyAI vaNasaMDAiM rAyANo ammApiyaro samosaraNAiM dhammAyariyA dhammakahAo ihaloiya-paraloiyA iDDhivisesA bhogapariccAyA pavvajjAo suyapariggahA tavovahANAI paDimAo bahuvihAo, khamA ajjavaM maddavaM ca, soaMca saccasahiyaM, sattarasaviho ya saMjamo, uttama, ca baMbhaM, AkiMcaNayA tavo ciyAo samiiguttIo ceva, taha appamAyajogo, sajjhAyajjhANANa ya uttamANaM doNhaMpi lkkhnnaaii| pattANa ya saMjamuttamaM jiyaparIsahANaM caubvihakammakhayammi jaha kevalassa laMbho, pariyAo jattio ya jaha pAlio muNihiM, pAyovagao ya jo jahiM, jattiyANi bhattANi cheyaittA aMtagaDo muNivaro tamarayoghavippamukko, mokkhasuhamaNuttaraM ca pttaa| - ee aNNe ya evAmAiatthA vitthAreNaM pruuveii|. For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aMtagaDadasAsuNaM parittA vAyaNA saMkhejjA aNuogadArA saMkhenjAo paDivattIo saMkhejjA veDhA saMkhejjA silogA saMkhenjAo nijjuttIo saMkhenjAo sNghnniio| se NaM aMgaoyAe aome aMge ege suyakkhaMdhe dasa ajjhayaNA satta vaggA dasa uddesaNakAlA dasa samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejjAiM payasayasahassAiM payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA aNaMtA gamA aNaMtA pajjavA parittA tasA aNaMtA thAvarA sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNattAbhAvA AghavijaMti paNNA vijaMti parUvijjati daMsirjati nidaMsijjaMti uvdsijjNti| se evaM AyA evaM viNNAyA evaM caraNa-karaNa -parUvaNayA Aghavijjati, paNNavijjati parUvijjati daMsijjati nirdesijjati uvdNsjjiti| settaM aNtgdddsaao| ___3. nandIsUtra (saM. madhukara muni) sUtra 53 pR. 183, se kiM taM aMtagaDadasAo? aMtagaDadasAsu NaM aMtagaDANaM nagarAI, ujjANAiM, vaNasaMDAiM samosaraNAI, rAyANo, ammA-piyaro, dhammAyariyA, dhammakahAo, ihaloia-paraloiAiDDhivisesA, bhogapariccAyA, pavvajjAo, pariAgA, suapariggahA, tavovahANAI saMlehaNAo, bhattapaccakkhANAI, pAovagamaNAiM aMtakiriAo aaghvijjnti| ___ aMtagaDadasAsu NaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhijjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjA veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo nijjuttIo, saMkhejjAo saMgahaNIo, saMkhejjAo pddivttiio| se NaM aMgaoyAe aome aMge, ege suakhaMdhe ao vaggA, ao uddesaNakAlA, ao samuddesaNakAlA saMkhejjA payasahassA payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajjavA, parittA, parittA tasA, aNaMtA thAvarA, sAsaya-kaDa-nibaddha- nikAiA jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Aghavijjati, pannavijaMti, parUvijaMti, daMsijati nirdesijati, uvdNsijjNti| se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA, evaM vinnAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA aaghvijji| se taM aNtgdddsaao| 4. tattvArthavArtika- pRSTha 51 saMsArasyAntaH kRto yaiste 'ntakRtaH namimataMgasomilarAmaputrasu For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 267 darzanayamavAlmIkavaloka - niSkaMbalapAlambaSTaputrA ityete daza vrdhmaantiirthNkrtiirthe|| 5. SaTakhaNDAgama- dhavalA 1/1/2, khaNDa eka, bhAga eka, pustaka eka, pRSTha ___103-4 aMtayaDadasA NAma aMga tevIsa-lakkha-aovIsa-sahassa-padehi 2328000 ekkekkamhi ya titthe dAruNe bahuvihovasagge sahiUNa pADiheraM laddhaNa NivvAgaM gade dasa-dasa vnnnnedi| uktaM ca tattvArthabhASye-saMsArasyAntaH kRto yaiste'ntakRtaH nami-mataMgasomila-rAmaputra-sudarzana-yamalIkavalIkakiSkavila- pAlambaSThaputrA iti ete daza vrddhmaantiirthkrtiirthe| evamRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrtheSvanye'nye, evaM dazadazAnagArAH dAruNAnupasargAnnirjitya kRtsnakarmakSayAdantakRto dazAsyAM varNyanta iti antkRddshaa| / - nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI AI. roDa, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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vipAkasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya sAhitya kI dIrgha paramparA hai| isa paramparA meM sarvaprathama Agama, piTaka yA vedoM kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| ye aise graMtha haiM jinake viSaya meM yahI kahA jAtA hai ki samasta jIvana vijJAna, jIvana kalA aura jIvana kI vizeSatAe~ inameM samAhita haiN| cAhe vaidika sAhitya ho yA zramaNa sAhitya, unameM jitane bhI vacana haiM, ve ArSa vacana haiM, jo prAmANika vacana haiN| inake vacanoM meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM haiN| jaina sAhitya meM ArSa ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai aura yaha bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai ki ArSa vacana kI paramparA kA viccheda nahIM hotA hai kyoMki ve sarvajJa vacana haiM, ve doSa aura AvaraNa se rahita haiN| arahaMta parameSThI artharUpa se vyAkhyAna karate haiM tathA nirmala buddhi ke dhAraka atizaya guNoM se yukta gaNadhara deva unheM sUtrabaddha karate haiN| una sUtroM meM jJAna-vijJAna kA samAveza hotA hai| ve jJAna-vijJAna ke sUtra aMga praviSTa ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| DaoN. sureza sisodiyA aMga praviSTa ke arthAdhikAra bAraha haiN| gaNadhara graMthita sUtroM kA ullekha arthAdhikAra ke rupa meM kiyA jAtA hai| siddhAnta graMthoM Adi meM paryApta prakAza DAlate hue unake bheda bhI kie haiN| unakI prAmANika saMkhyA bhI dI hai aura yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki aMga praviSTa svasamaya aura parasamaya ina donoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| inameM cAra karor3a paMdraha lAkha do hajAra pada haiN| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyana, atakRtdazA, anuttaropAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAkasUtra ye gyAraha aMga graMtha ke kula padoM kA ukta jor3a hai| vipAkasUtra kA sthAna :- Agama sAhitya ke do vibhAga kie jAte haiM- sUtrAgama aura arthaagm| mUla rupa se jo bhI sUtra kahe gae haiM, ve gaNadhara dvArA sUtra rUpa meM haiN| unheM dvAdazAMga kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / dvAdazAMgoM meM vipAkasUtra kA gyArahavA~ sthAna hai| vipAkasUtra meM eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha pada hai| puNNa - pAva - kammANaM- vivAyaM (Sa.1/108) arthAt vipAkasUtra nAmaka aMga Agama meM puNya aura pApa karmoM ke phaloM kA varNana hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 269 vipAMka zabda kA artha :- kammANamudao udIraNA vA vivAgo nnaam| (dhavalA, 14/5) / AcArya vIrasena ne karmoM ke udaya aura udIraNA ko vipAka kahA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra kaSAya kI tIvratA va maMdatA Adi bhAvoM kI vizeSatA se viziSTa jo karma zakti hotI hai vaha nAnA prakAra ke pAka arthAt phala pradAna karane meM samartha hotI hai, isalie unhoMne kahA "viziSTo nAnAvidho vA pAko vipaakH|" arthAt viziSTa phala kA nAma vipAka hai| AcArya akalaMka deva na vipAka kA vyAkhyA karate hue yaha kathana kiyA ki jina karmoM se phala zakti vividha rupa ko prApta hotI hai usakA nAma vipAka hai| vipAka jJAnAvaraNAdi karma prakRtiyoM ke anugraha se tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke pAka ko prApta hotI hai| samavAyAMga vRtti meM kathana kiyA gayA - "vipacana vipAkaH zubhAzubhakarma pariNAmaH" (samavAyAMga abhayadeva vR.146) arthAt vipacana kA nAma vipAka hai| zubha aura azubha karma pariNAma kA phaladAna vipAka kahalAtA hai| vipAkasUtraM svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa :- "vipAkasUtre sukRta duzkRtAnAma vipAkazciMtayate" (ta vA 1/20) / arthAt vipAkasUtra meM sukRta aura duSkRta vipAka para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| "vivAyasuttaM NAma aMga davva-khetta kAlabhAve-assiiNa suhAsuhakammANaM vivAyaM vaNNedi" (jaya dhavalA, 1/32) / vipAkasUtra meM dravya, kSetra kAla aura bhAva ko lekara zubha evaM azubha karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aMgapaNNatti graMtha meM eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha pada pramANa vipAkasUtra ko batalAyA hai evaM yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki karmoM ke zubhAzubha bhAva tIvratA, maMdatA Adi kI vizeSatAoM se yukta hote haiM, ve tIvra, maMda Adi bhAva dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAroM hI apekSAoM se karma aura karma kI udIraNA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| isa pratipAdana meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kI dRSTi bhI hotI hai| vipAkasUtra paricaya :- zubhAzubha karmoM ke pariNAmoM kA dRSTAMta pUrvaka jisameM kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha gyArahavA~ aMga Agama vipAkasUtra hai| "vivAgasuyassa do For Personal & Private Use Only

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270: aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA suyakkhaMdhA pannattA, taM jahA-duhavivAgA ya suhavivAgA ya" (vi.sU. pR. 9) arthAt vipAkasUtra ke do zrutaskaMdha haiM- duHkhavipAka aura sukhvipaak| jinheM samavAyAMgasUtra meM sukkaDa-dukkaDa kahA gayA hai| nandIsUtra ke vivecanakartA ne dukhavipAka va sukhavipAka vipAka ke ye do bheda kiye haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI zubha aura azubha ye do bheda kie gaye haiN| arthAt yaha to nizcita hai ki vipAkasUtra puNya aura popa ina donoM hI karmoM ke phala para vicAra karatA hai| vipAkasUtra meM sarvaprathama dukhavipAka para vicAra kiyA gayA tatpazcAta dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sukhavipAka ke viSaya meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| vipAkasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya - "puNNa-pAva-kammANaM vivAyaM" arthAt puNya evaM pApa karmoM ke phala kI dazA yA avasthA kA citraNa karanA isakA pramukha uddezya hai| vipAkasUtra meM duHkha evaM sukha donoM ke phala vivecana meM kathAoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| kathAoM meM bhI unake pUrvajanma kA vivecana, vartamAna bhava aura bhaviSya ke phala Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki vipAkasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya hai, usI ke anusAra azubha aura zubha, duHkha aura sukha rupa karma prakRtiyoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| pApakarma duHkhavipAka hai aura puNyakarma sukhavipAka hai| duHkhavipAka kA vizleSaNa :- "duhavivAgANaM dasa ajjhayaNA" arthAt dukhavipAka ke dasa adhyayana haiN| miyAputte ya ujjhiyae abhaggA sagaDe vahassai nndii| uMvara soriyadatte ya devadattA ya aMju y|| mRgAputra, ujjhataka, abhagnasena, zakara, vRhaspati, nandIvardhana, uMvaradatta, zoriyadatta, devadattA aura aMjU ye dasa kathAnaka dukhavipAka rupa prathama zrutaskadha meM varNita haiN| prathama kathAnaka mRgAputra kA hai jo kSatriyakumAra hai| usakI mAtA kA nAma mRgA hai aura pitA kA nAma vijaya hai| vaha janma se hI avayavahIna aMdhA, gUMgA, baharA, lUlA aura huMDa zarIra vAlA thaa| usake AkAra-prakAra nAmamAtra ke the, isalie use For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 271 gupta rupa meM rakhakara pAlana-poSaNa kiyA gyaa| isa dukha vipAka ke dArUNa dRzya para vicAra karake vipAkasUtra meM isa bAta kI ora saMketa kiyA ki jo vyakti rUpavAna hokara bhI dUsare kA nindaka banatA hai vaha azubha karmoM ke kAraNa manuSya janma lekara bhI nArakIya vedanAoM kA anubhava karatA hai| mRgAputra ke pUrva janma ke bAda bhaviSya para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA aura yaha kathana kiyA gayA ki kaI yoniyoM ke pazcAt mRgAputra supatiSThapura nagara meM janma legA aura yuvAvasthA ko prApta hokara vahIM anagAra dharma ko prApta hogaa| mRgAputra ke dIrghakAlika bhava bhramaNa meM manuSya paryAya hI nahIM hai apitu hiMsaka siMha paryAya, sarIsRpa paryAya, strI paryAya, jalacara paryAya, sthalacara paryAya Adi samasta paryAya prApta karane ke uparAMta bhI mRgAputra ne dukha hI dukha prApta kiyaa| mRgAputra ke atirikta ujjhitaka, abhagnasena Adi kI kathAe~ asIma dukhoM kA varNana karatI haiN| ujjhitaka eka rUpavAna bAlaka thA, jo kurupa ho gayA thA, usakI karUpatA kA mUla kAraNa pUrva janma kA karma hI thaa| abhagnasena eka rAjapurUSa thA, jo kRtaghna thaa| usane ATha laghupitAoM (cAcAoM) ko kaI prakAra se pratAr3ita kiyaa| unheM mAMsa khilAyA, rUdhirapAna Adi kraayaa| aisA hI abhagnasena bhI apane pApakarmoM ke kAraNa nindanIya kArya ko prApta hotA hai| vaha vividha paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, sUlI para car3hAyA jAtA hai, prathama ratnaprabhA nAmaka naraka ko prApta hotA hai, vahIM eka anya janma meM vaha zUkara bhI banatA hai| zakaTa, eka sArthavAha kA putra thA jo atyanta rupavAna bhI thA parantu yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pUrva janma meM usane kaI prakAra ke pazuoM * ko eka bAr3e meM baMdhaka banAkara rakhA thA unase vaha mAMsa Adi prApta karatA thA, vaha saptakuvyasanI thaa| vaha cAMDAla kula meM bhI utpanna huaa| jalacara jIva ke rupa meM vaha matsya bnaa| bRhaspatidatta, somadatta purohita kA putra thA, vasudattA mAtA usa putra prApti se atyanta harSita thI parantu vahI bAlaka zUdra kArya karane lagatA hai jisake kAraNa bhava bhavAntara meM dukha ko prApta hotA hai, vaha hastinApura nagara meM hariNa bhI banatA hai| vyAgha dvArA mArA jAtA hai| isake anantara vaha zreSThI kula meM bhI utpanna hotA hai, vahA~ se manuSya janma ke bAda vaha mahAvideha ko bhI prApta hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA nandivardhana, mathurA nagarI ke rAjA zrIdAsa aura rAnI baMdhuzrI kA putra thA jo atyanta hI kRtaghnI bana jAtA hai| vaha jela kA jelara bhI banatA hai| usa samaya binA prayojana hI vaha logoM ko kaSTa detA hai| vahI duSpariNAmI pivRvadha kA duHsaMkalpa karane vAlA vyakti eka paryAya meM matsya bhI hotA hai| isake anantara kucha zubha bhAvoM ke kAraNa vaha manuSya janma ko prApta karatA hai tathA yahIM se cAritra mArga para bar3hatA hai| umbaradatta aura zoriyadatta ke janma janmAntara atyanta hI kaSTadAyI haiN| devadattA aura aMjU kA jIvana bhI atyanta duHkhamaya hai| sukhavipAka :- sukhavipAka nAmaka dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM acche karmoM ke pariNAmoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo bhI vyakti manuSya janma prApta kara acche karma karatA hai, dharmadhyAna karatA hai, nirgrantha pravacana para zraddhA karatA hai, vaha cAritra dharma ko bar3hAtA hai aura nimna vizeSatAoM ko prApta karatA hai : iSTa iSTarUpa kAnta kAntarupa priya manojJa - manojJarUpa manoma-manomA soma subhaga svarUpa priyadarzana : : : : ucita kArya, yogya kArya / zarIra kI AkRti, AkAra Adi kI mnormtaa| ramaNIyatA / : sundara svbhaav| svabhAva se hI prema ko utpanna karane vaalaa| : : acche se acche rupa vaalaa| atyanta namra evaM mRdu svabhAva vaalaa| : samabhAva evaM caMdramA ke sadRzya svarUpa vaalaa| : lalanAoM ko priya lagane vaalaa| : uttama rupa, AkAra evaM mAdhurya se paripUrNa / : samasta janoM ke lie drshniiy| sukhavipAka kA phala :- sukhavipAka meM acche karma karane vAle nimna dasa zrAvakoM ke vRttAnta diye gaye haiM- subAhu, bhadranandI, sujAta, suvAsava, jinadAsa, dhanapati, mahAbala, bhadranandI, mahacandra aura varadatta, ye dasa aise gRhastha haiM jo iSTa, iSTarUpa, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 273 krAMtarUpa Adi vAle the| subAhu nAmaka zrAvaka atyanta balazAlI thA vaha bahattara kalAoM meM pravINa tathA viSaya bhogoM meM bhI Asakta thaa| kisI samaya usa zrAvaka ne dharmadezanA sunii| usane bAraha vrata ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA, phira unheM aMgIkAra kara liyaa| vaha jijJAsu bana gayA tathA dAna dene meM zreSTha mAnA jAne lgaa| dAnoM meM bhI AhAradAna kI udAratA kI prasiddhi ke kAraNa vaha atyanta lokapriya huaa| vahI subAhu sAdhudharma svIkAra karatA hai| bhadranandI yathAnAma tathAguNa vAlA thaa| usane bhI zrAvaka dharma svIkAra kiyA aura vidhivat dukhoM kA anta karane ke lie muktimArga ko apnaayaa| AhAradAna meM nipuNa sujAta kumAra, suvAsavakumAra, jinadAsa, dhanapati, mahAbala, bhadranandI, mahAcandra aura varadatta Adi aise zrAvaka haiM, jinhoMne na kevala zramaNopAsaka banakara AhAradAna diyA, apitu svayaM zramaNa mArga aMgIkAra kiyaa| vipAkasUtra kI samIkSA :- vipAkasUtra meM karma, karmaphala aura isake pariNAma kA vizeSa rupa se vivecana huA hai parantu isa Agama meM nimna mahatvapUrNa tathya bhI haiM : . aitihAsika tathya :- mahAvIra, sudharma, jambUsvAmI Adi ke sAtha-sAtha dasa dukha vipAka ke purUSoM aura dasa hI sukha vipAka ke purUSoM kA isameM ullekha hai| zAsana vyavasthA :- campAnagarI aura usake vividha prakAra ke zAsakoM kA ullekha isa graMtha meM huA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se jinazAsana kA evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se alaga-alaga vyavasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rAjA, rAjaputra, yuvarAja, rAjyAbhiSeka, aMtaHpura Adi kA isameM varNana huA hai| nyAya vyavasthA :- abhagnasena ke prasaMga meM coroM dvArA curAI gaI vastuoM ke lie kyA daNDa honA cAhie, isakA ullekha karate hue kathana kiyA gayA hai ki cora ko grAmaghAta evaM nagaraghAta ke kAraNa pairoM va hAthoM meM jaMjIra DAlI jaae| corapallI coroM kA sthAna thaa| usa sthAna kA daDaMnAyakoM ke guptacaroM dvArA patA lagAyA gayA aura una sthAnoM ko yA mArgoM ko ghera liyA gayA, jahA~ se cora Ate the| unheM pakar3A gayA, bAMdhA gayA tathA unake aparAdha anusAra unheM sajA bhI dI gii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA aparAdha va daMDa vyavasthA :- corI karane vAle ke corya karma ke sAtha-sAtha kaI anya vyavasthAe~ bhI thii| una vyavasthAoM meM sAmanIti, bhedanIti, upadhAna nIti, ziSTabhrama, aMtaraMga nIti bhI daMDa vyavasthA ke anukUla thii| daMDanAyaka zatru senA ko parAsta karatA, senA kA nAza karatA aura vIroM kA ghAta krtaa| aparAdhI ko rAjagRha ke kArAgRha meM DAlanA bhI daMDanAyaka kA kArya thA / abhagnasena ke prasaMga meM isa taraha ke aparAdha va daMDa ko paryApta mahatva diyA gayA hai| bRhaspatidatta ke kathAnaka meM rAjA dvArA jo daMDa vyavasthA kI gaI vaha krUra-karma nAmaka daMDa vyavasthA burI mAnI gii| nandIvardhana ke dRSTAMta meM sAma, daMDa, bheda Adi kI nIti ko darzAyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana meM cArakapAla arthAt jelara ke atyAcAra meM zilAkhaMDa, cAbukaprahAra, mudgara, Adi yaMtra vizeSa, sAmAnya rassiyA~, valkala rassiyA~ Una kI rassiyA~, bA~sa ke cAbuka, beMta ke cAbuka, hastAMduka (hAtha bAMdhane kI hathakar3I) pAdAMdukha (pairoM kI jaMjIra), haDI (kATha kI ber3I), nigaDa (lohe kI ber3I) Adi ke atirikta karapatra, kSurapatra, asipatra Adi zastroM kA ullekha hai| inheM rAjA apane aMgarakSakoM ke dvArA daMDa vyavasthA meM prayukta karavAtA thaa| sainya vyavasthA :- yuddha meM yuddhanIti, astra-zastra, caturaMgiNI senA kA jahA~ mahatva hai vahIM para kavaca, zarIra rakSaka yaMtra, upakaraNa, hastijhUla; udarabaMdhana Adi kA ullekha ujjhitaka kathAnaka meM AyA hai| isI kathAnaka meM yuddhanIti, azva aura hastI kA bhI ullekha huA hai| rAja kara vyavasthA :- zAsana calAne ke lie kara liyA jAtA thaa| unameM se ucchulka, uTakara, abhaTapraveza, adaMDima, kudaMDima, adharmima Adi karoM kA ullekha abhagnasena ke prasaMga meM huA hai| rAjA mahAbala ne kUTakAryazAlA ke nimitta, rAjadehakara meM bAraha prakAra ke karoM ko nahIM lene kI ghoSaNA krvaaii| Arthika vyavasthA :- artha sudhAra kAryakramoM ke aMtargata zAsanakarttA vividha prakAra kI khetiyoM ko mahatva detA hai / grAmoM kA vistAra karavAtA hai| khetoM evaM utpAdana yogya sthAnoM kA bhI cayana karavAtA hai, ityAdi vivecana huA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 275 sAmAjika vyavasthA :- parivAra, kuTumba, varNa, jAti, adhyayana, adhyApana, zreNI vibhAjana Adi sabhI kucha sAmAjika vyavasthA meM Ate haiN| vivAha prasaMga, mAtA-pitA, bhAI-baMdhu, utsava, kalA, kauzala, zikSAnIti, rIti-rivAja Adi samAja kI vyavasthAe~ haiN| vipAkasUtra ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana ke prArambhika caraNa meM samAja ke vividha mahatvapUrNa prasaMgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa ullekha meM kula sampannatA, bala sampannatA, vidyA, sAdhanA, niyama, upaniyama, tapazcaryA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA, sAdhu-sAdhvI Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zikSA :- dvitIya adhyayana ke ujjhitaka prasaMga meM vividha prakAra kI vidyAoM kA ullekha hai| 72 kalAe~, gaNikAoM ke 64 guNa, 29 viSayaguNa, 21 ratiguNa, 32 kAmazAstra ke aMga, suktanavaaMga, 18 dezI bhASAe~, gIta-rati, gAMdharva, nATyakalA, uttamagatigamana, stanasauMdarya, vilAsabhavana, vidyAzAlA, vidyAkendra Adi kA isameM ullekha hai| vidyArthI sammAna, vedajJAtA kA mAna Adi bhI vipAkasUtra meM varNita hai| somadatta cAra vedoM meM nipuNa thaa| somadatta kA putra bRhaspatidatta bhI veda jJAnI thA, parantu yuvAvasthA ko prApta hote hI vaha dhUlikrIr3A ko mahatva dene lagA, arthAt apanI vidyA ko chor3a kara anya vidyAoM kA upayoga karane lagA, ityAdi ullekha huA hai| vipAkasUtra meM varNita AyurvijJAna :- Ayu ke ATha vijJAna haiM :- 1. kumArabhicca (kaumArabhRtya) (bAlyaroga kI pahacAna) 2. sAlAga (zAlAkya) (nAka-kAna Adi vedanA) 3... zalyahattha (zalyahatya) (golI Adi nikAlanA) 4. kAyatigicchA (kAyacikitsA) (dehagata upacAra) 5. jaMgola (jAMgula) (viSa vimardana karanA) 6. bhuevijjA (bhUtavidyA) (bhUta nigraha karanA) 7. rasAyaNa (vyAdhivinAzaka rasoM kA utpAdana) 8. vAjikaraNa (balavardhaka auSidhiyoM kA nirmANa karanA) vipAkasUtra meM varNita roga :- khujalI, kor3ha, jalodara, bhagaMdara, bavAsIra, For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA khAMsI, svAsa, mukha sUjanA, nAka sUjanA, nAka-kAna-galA rUkanA, ghAva honA, thiva-thiva honA, kIr3e par3anA Adi kaI roga vipAkasUtra meM varNita haiN| vaidya :- roga kA jAnakAra vaidya hotA thA, jise cikitsaka bhI kahA gyaa| aMjU nAmaka dasaveM adhyayana meM vaidya evaM vaidya putra kA ullekha hai| uMvaradatta meM vaidya ke tIna bheda kie haiM- suhasta, zivahasta va lghuhst| isake atirikta roga ke upacAra AhAradoSa, zArIrika doSa, zreNita doSa Adi kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vipAkasUtra zramaNa paramparA kA jJAna-vijJAna kA graMtha hai| isake mUla meM kathA va kathA ke uddezya ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI prakAra ke vivecana isa bAta kI prAmANikatA ko vyakta karate haiM ki yaha zubha evaM azubha pariNAmoM kA sUtra hI nahIM, zubha se svastha jIvana va azubha se rogajanya asAdhya bimAriyA~, vividha daMDa, nIca karma evaM vividha dukha prApta hone kA kathana karatA hai| vipAkasUtra ke samagra vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha vyakti ko duSkarmoM se nivRtti aura sadkarmoM kI ora pravRtti hetu prerita karane vAlA mahatvapUrNa aMga graMtha hai| prabhArI evaM zodhAdhikArI Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna padminI mArga, udayapura - 313 001 (rAja.) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #306
didvivAdaNuciMtaNaM-dRSTivAdaH eka anuciMtana - DaoN. udayacanda jaina diTThivAe NaM savva-bhAvaparUvaNayA adhvijjti| - (sama pRSTha191) "diTThivAe NaM savva-bhAvaparUvaNA adhvijji|" - (nandI sUtra 56) jisa zruta meM saba bhAvoM/artho/padArthoM kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai, vaha dRSTivAda hai| aMga-AgamoM meM usakA nAma anta meM liyA jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke dazama sthAna meM mahAvIra dvArA svasamaya aura parasamaya ke nirUpaNa karane vAle dvAdazAMka gaNapiTaka kA vyAkhyAna/prajJApana/ prarUpaNa/darzana/nidarzana/upadarzana isa prakAra kiyA hai : samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre egaM ca Na mahaM citta-vicittapakkhagaM paDibuddhe :duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM Aghaveti paNNaveti parUveti daMseti NidaMseti uvadaMseti taM jahAAyAraM (sUyagaDaM ThANaM samavAyaM vivAhapaNNatti NAyadhammakahAo uvAsagadasAo aMtagaDadasAo aNuttarovAiyadasAo paNhAbAgaraNAiM vivAgasurya) dittrivaayN|' (10/103) - ukta AgamoM kI gaNanA arthapadoM meM kI jAtI hai, isalie ye aMgazruta kahalAte haiM, jisakA pramANa saMkhyAta hai|' saMghAda-paDivatti -aNiogaddArehi viM saMkhejjamaMgasudaM avA annNt| pameyamettaMgasuda -viypyuvlNbhaado| vattavva sa-para-samayA aAhiyAro baarsviho|'2 assi ca dAdasamaMgaM diTippavAdo tti| ____ dRSTivAda ko dhavalAkAra vIrasena AcArya ne dRSTipravAda' bhI kahA hai| nandIsUtra kI haribhadra vRtti meM dRSTivAda ko dRSTipAta bhI kahA hai: "dRSTivAdena dRSTipAtena dRSTivAde dRSTipAte vA sarvabhAvaprarUpaNA AkhyAyate" ___ dRSTivAda/dRSTipAta se sabhI bhAvoM/padArthoM kI prarUpaNA hotI hai athavA dRSTivAda yA dRSTipAta meM sarvabhAva kI prarUpaNA kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| dRSTivAda kI vyutpatti :(1) diTThIo vadadIdi diTThivAdaM ti|' ___ isameM dRSTiyoM/vicAroM kA kathana hai, isalie dRSTivAda hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA (2) dRSTayo darzanAni, vadanaM vAdaH dRSTInAM vAdaH dRSTivAdaH, dRSTInAM vA pAto yatrAsau dRSTipAtaH, sarvanayadRSTayaH evehAkhyAyanta ityrthH|'' (diTTINa daMsaNANi vadaNaM-vAdo diTTINaM vAdo diTTIvAdo, diTTINaM vA pAdo jattha tattha diTThipAdo, savvaNaya - diTTI eva IhAdi-akkhANaM tti attho|) arthAt dRSTi kA artha darzana hai, vAda kA artha vadana hai ataH jahA~ dRSTiyoM kA/vividha vicAroM/darzanoM ke abhiprAya haiM vahA~ dRSTivAda hai/yA jahA~ para nAnA prakAra kI dRSTiyoM kA samAgama hotA hai vahA~ dRSTipAta/dRSTivAda hai| jo sarvanaya kI dRSTi kA hI prayojana hai| (3) duSTayo darzanApi nayAH udyante abhidhIyante patanti vA avataranti yasminvarNe dRSTivAdo dRSTipAto vaa|" (diTTINaM daMsaNANiM NayA, ujjaMte ahihIyaMte paDati vA avataraMti jassiM tasya dRTTivAdo diTThipAdo vA) arthAt dRSTiyoM kA nAma darzana hai aura darzana vividhanaya / mArga haiM arthAt jisameM vividhanaya hai, vividhanaya kathana kie jAte haiM, samAhita haiM, yA prakaTa hote haiM vahA~ dRSTivAda yA dRSTipAta hotA hai| '"diTTivAdasya paMca-atthAhiyArA"" dRSTiMvAda ke pAMca adhikAra haiM :- pariyamma-sutta-paDhamANuyoga- puvvagaya- cUliyA cedi / (ka) pariyammaM paMcavihaM :- caMdapaNNattI sUrapaNNattI jaMbUdIvapaNNattI dIvasAyara - paNNattI viyAha-paNNattI cedi (i) caMdapaNNattI - chattIsa - lakkha - paMca- pada - sahasse hi (3605000) caMdAu - parivAriddhi-gai-biMbusseha - vaNNaNaM kuNadi / (ii) sUrapaNNattI - paMca - lakkha - tiNNi- sahassehi (503000) sUrassATha - bhogAva bhoga- parivAriddha gaI- biMbussehadiNa-kiraNujjova-vaNNaNaM kuNadi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 279 (iii) jabUdIvapaNNattI- tiNNi-lakkha-paMcavIsa -pada-sahassehi (325000) jaMbUdIve NaNaviha-maNuyANa-bhoga-kamma-bhUmiyANaM aNNesiMca pavvada-daha-Nai-vejhyA- baMsAvAsakaTThima- jiNaharAdINaM vaNNaNaM kunndi| (vi) dIvasAyara-paNNattI- bAvaNNa-lakkha-chatIsa-pada- sahassehi (5236000) uddhAra-pallapamANeNa dIvasAyarapamANaM aNNaM pi dIvasAyaraMtabbhUdasthaM bahubheyaM vnnnnedi| (v) viyAhapaNNattI- cadurAsidI-lakkha-chattIsa-pada- sahassehi (8436000) rUvi-ajIvadavvaM arUvi-ajIvadavvaM bhavasiddhiya-a bhavasiddhiya-rAsiMca vnnnnedi| diTTivAdassa atthAhiyAro- (1) suttaM aTThAsIdi-lakkha padehi (8800000) esasu padesuM ki vaNNaNaM atthi - (ka) jIvo abaMdhao alesao akattA bhottA NigguNo savvagao annumetto| (kha) Natthi jIvo, jIvo ceva atthi puDhaviyAdINaM paMca bhUda-samudaeNaM jIvo uppajjadi, NiccedaNo (cedaNarahido) NANeNa viNA sacedaNo Nicco aNicco appe tti vnnnnedi| assi vibhiNNa-vAdANaM vaNNaNaMtaM jaghA (2) terAsiMya - gosAlappavattidA AjIvigA pAsaMDiNA yA te savvaM vatthu ti/te tayappaNaM icchaMti :(i) jIvo, ajIvo jIvAjIvA (ii) logA, alogA, logAlogA y| (iii) sadeva sadaseva sdsdev| For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA davvatthigaM pajjavatthigaM davvaya-pajjavatthigaM c| -(nandisUtra pR. 269) (2) NiyadivAda :- jattu jadA jeNa jahA jassa ya NiyameNa hodi tatttu tdaa| teNa tahA tassa have idi vAdo NiyadivAdo du|| go 5 ka.882) (3) viNNANavAda- (boddha-viseso maNNade) paDibhAsamANassa asesassa batthuNo NANa-sarUvaMto paviThThatppa siddhIe saMvedaNaM pAramaMtthigaM tccN| . . tadhAhi jaM avabhAsade taM NANaM jadhA suhAdI, avabhAsate ca bhAvA (nyAyaka 119) (4) saddavAdaM-(saddavaMbhavAdo) sayalaM yogajamayogajaM vA paccakkhaM sadda-baMbhulleheva avbhaasde| (nyA pR. 139). (5) pahANavAda- satta-raja-tamasaM samma-avaThThA phaann| pahANasya vAdo pahANavAdo sNkhvaado| (6) davvavAda- (davvegaMtavAdI NiccavAdo) jaM kAvilaM darisaNaM eyaM davvaTThiyasya vattavvaM (7) purisavAdaM - AlasaDDo NirucchAho phalaM kiM ci Na bhNjde| thaNakkhIrAdipANaM vA pausseNa viNA na hi|| (go ka 890) purisavAdo-purisaduvedavAdo-ekko ceva mahatvA puriso devA y| savvaMga-NigUDho vi ya sacedaNo NigguNo prmo|| go ka.881 iccAdi-viviha-vadaNaM vaNNaNaM jassiM asthi so diTTivAdo tti ghttttde| samayAyaMgasuttamhi duvAlasaMge piDage gaNipiDage diTThivAdaM vArahaMgaM pnnnnttN| assiM paNho kado- se kiM taM diTThivAe? assa paNhassa uttaro- diTThivAe NaM savva-bhAva-paruvaNayA aaghrijjti| puNo paNNa-kado No tadha vi paNNattaM - se samAsao paMcavihe pnnnntte| taM jahA-parikamma suttAI puMvagayaM aNuogo cuuliyaa| chakkhaMDAgama-dhavalA TIgAe vi diddhivAdassa paMcabhedA For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 281 kidA tesuM egametta-bhedo-paDhamANuogo (chakkhaMDAgama) aNuogo (sama.) so bhedo vi smaanno| pariyamme chakkhaMDAgame viviha-vAdANaM vaNNaNaM atthiA samavAyaMge pariyammassa satta bhedA kadA- siddhaseNiyA-parikammeM, maNussaseNiyAparikamme, puTuseNiyA parikamme, ogAhaNa-seNiyA parikamme, uvasaMpajja, seNiyAparikamme vippajaha-seNiyAparikamme, cubaa-cua-senniyaaprikmme| puNo siddhaseNiyAparikammassa, maNussaseNiyA parikammakassa coddaha bhedA ruukdaa| puTuseNiyAe cuAcua-seNiyAparikammaM peraMta ekkAra svihaaiN| ecceyAI satta-parikammAiM sasamaiyAiM, satta-AjIviyAI cha caukkaNaiyAiM satta teraasiyaaii| evAmeva sapuvvAvareNa satta parikammAiM tesIti bhvNtiitimkkhyaaii| (puttutta-vaNNaNaM jiNAgame) (i) sapta AjIvigA (ii) cha?pariyamma-cadukkaNayAi .(iii) sttteraasigaa| ime satte pariyammAiM puvvAvara-bheyANaM tiraasiyaaiN| chakkhaMDAgame caMdapaNNattI sUrapaNNattI-jaMbU dIvapaNNattI-dIvasAyarapaNNattI ime paMca pariyamme pnnnntte| (kha) suttAiM - aTTAsI ahiyAresuM vihattA - samavAyaMge paNNattaM- ujugaM (pariNayA pariNaya/pariNatA pariNata) bahubhaMgiyaM vipaccaiyaM (vijaya capriyaM) aNaMtaraM paraMparaM samANaM (samANasaM) saMbhiNNaM, AhaccAyaM (ahavvAya) sovatthimaM gaMdAvattaM bahulaM puTThApuTuM viyAvattaM evaMbhUyaM duAvattaM vattamANappayaM samabhirUDhaM savvaomadaM paNAsa duppddigh| (i) icceyAiM vAvIsaM suttAiM chiNNacheaNaiAI sasamaya suttaparivADIe - ____(ii) icceAI vAvIsaM suttAiM adhiNNa-cheyaNaiyAiM AjIviya - suttaparivADIeM - For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA (iii) icceAI vAvIsaM suttAiM tikaNaiyAiM terAsiya sutta parivADIe / (vi) icceAI vAvIsaM suttAiM caukkaNaiyAI sa-samaya- sutta parivADIe / evAmeva sapuvvAreNa aTThAsIti suttAiM bhavaMtI - timakkhayAiM / chakakhaMDAgamassa dhavalATIgAeM eso NichiTTo vi atthi NaM suttassa aTThAsI ahiyArerasu caduNha-mahiyAraNamattha- Niddeso / paDhamo abaMdhayANaM vidiyo terAsiyANa boddhavvo / tadiyo ya Niyadi-pakkhe havadi caduttho s-smymmi|| (ga) paDhamANiyogo :- paMca sahassa- padehi (5000 ) purANaM vaNNedi - bArasa-vihaM purANaM jagadiTTaM jiNavarehi savvehiM / taM savvaM vaNNedi ha jiNavaMse rAyavaMse ya / / hu paDhamo arahaMtANaM vidiyo puNa cakkavaTThi - vaMsoM du / vijjAharANaM tadiyo cadutthayoM vAsudevANaM / / cAraNa-vaMso taha paMcamo du chaTTo ya pnnnn-smnnaannN| sattamo kuruvaMso aTTamao taha ya harivaMso || Navamo ya ikkhuyANaM dasamo vi ya kAsiyANa boddhvvo| ghAINekkArasamo vArasamo NAhavaMso du|| samavAyaMgamhi jo aNuogassa NiruvaNo atthi tassa duviho paNNattomUla-paDhamANuoge ya gNddiyaannuoge| mUla-paDhamAguoge- ettha NaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM puvvabhavA devaloga - gamaNANi AuM cavaNaNi jammaNANi a abhiseyA rAyavara - sirIo sIyAo pavvajjAvo tavA ya bhattA kevalaNANupNAyA a tittha - pavattaNANi a saMghaNaNaM saMThANaM uccattaM AuM vannavibhAgo sIsAgaNA gaNaharA ya ajjA pavattaNIo saMghassa auvvihassa jaM vAvi 1 dhavalA pu.1, pR. (13) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA 283 pariNAmaM jiNa-maNapajjava-ohiNANa-sammatta-suyaNANiNo ya vAI aNuttarAI ya jattiyA siddhA pAovagaA ya je jahiM jattiyAiM cheaittA aMtagaDA muNivadditamA tama-raoghavippamukkA siddhipahamaNuttaraM ca pattA, ee aNNe ya evamAiyA bhAvA mUlapaDhamANuoge khiaa|" isyANuogo aNegaviho :- kulagaragaMDiyAo titthagaragaMDiyAo gaNahara-gaMDaDiyAo cakkaharagaMDiyAo dasAraMgaDiyAo baladevagaMDiyAo vAsudevagaMDiyAo harivaMsagaMDiyAo bhaddabAhugaMDiyAo tavokammagaMDiyAo cittaMtaragaMDiyAo ussappiNIgaMDiyAo osappiNIgaDiyAo tavokammaamara-Nara- tiriya-gai-gamaNa- viviha-pariyaTTaNANuoge evmaaiyaao| mUlapaDhamANuogamhi mUlatto arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM puvvabhavANaM vaNNaNeva, gaMDiyANuogamhi kulagAra-titthasarANAditisaTTisalAgA- purisANaM vaNNaNaM / (gha) puvvagado - puvvagayaM paMcANaudi - koDi- paNNAsa-lakkha-paMca padehi (955000005) uppAyabvaya-1 -dhuvattAdINaM vaNNaNaM kuNadi / puvvagadauvakkamo - so paMcaviho - (i) ANupuvvI : (ka) puvvANupuvvI (kha) pacchANupuvvI (ga) jatthatthANupuvvI ti tivihA / (ii) NAmaM puNbANaM gayaM patta - puvva sarUvaM vA puvvagayamidi gunnnnaam| ( pujugadassa NivvattI) (iii) pamANaM - akkhara - pada - saMghAda - paDivatti- aNiyogaddArehi saMkhejjaM, atthedA puNa anaMtaM / (vi) atthAhiyAro - coddasaviho - uppAdapuvvahaM aggeNiyaM vIriyANuppavAdaM atthi - NatthipavAdaM NANappavAdaM saccappavAdaM appapavAdaM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #313
284 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kammappavAdaM paccakkhANapavAdaM bijjANupvAdaM kallANapavAdaM pANAvAyaM kiriyAvisAlaM lobiMdusAraM c| . (1) uppAdapuvvaM - dasaNhaM batthUNa10, be-sada-pAhuDANaM 200, koDi-padehi jIva-kAla-poggalANamuppAda vvaya-dhuvattaM vnnnnedi| assiM saMsAramhi titthaparANaM titthakAlamhi sudatthaMsamattha gaNaharANaM uddessaM NedUNa puvvagadasuttANaM jo vaNNaNaM kadaM saM punnvgdN| tassa uppaaddibhedaa| jo davvANaM. NANANauvaNNa-goyara-kamajogavajja- saMbhAviduppAvvaya-dhuvANi tiyAla-goyarA Nava dhammA hvNti| tathariNadaM gvvmvi-nnvhaa| uppaNNamuppajjamANa muppassamANaM NaTuM, NassamANaM NasabhAmaNaM ThidaM tiTThamANaM visaMtamidi NavANaM taM dhammANaM uvvaNAdiNaM patteyaM NavahattaNasaM bhavAdo eyAsIdiviyappa dhamma-pariNada-davva-vaNNaNaM jaM karedi taM uppAda putthvN| . (2) aggeNiyaM : aggasya vatthuNo vi hi pahANabhUdassa nnaannmgnntN| suaggAyaNIya-puvvaM aggAyaNasaMbhavaM vidiy|| aggeNiyaM nAma puvvaM coddavhaM vatthUNaM be samayAsIdira pAhuDANaM chaNNaui-lakkha padehi 960000 aMgANamaggaM vnnnnedi| assiM ca atthiM puvvaMta-avarataM dhuvaadhuvcynnlddhinnaamaanni| aMdhuva-saMpaNihiM ca atthaM bhomAvayajjaM c||1 jassiM atthi puvvaMtaM avaraMtaM ghuvaM adhuvaM caraNaladdhI adhuvapaNihI/adhuva-addhevima-paNihi-katpaM atthaM bhaumA vayaM saujaM/suvArahaM savvatthaM, kappaNijjaMNANaM adIdaM aNAgadaM kAlaM ca pattedi lameca aggeNiyaM putthvN| (3) vIriyANupavAdaM : vijjANuvAda puvvaM vajjaM jiivaadivtthu-saamtthN| aNuvAdo aNuvaNNaNaMmiha tassa havetti NaM nnmh|| . jassiM satthamhi jIvAdi-payatthANaM vIrayayassa/sattIe aNuvAdo annuvnnnnnnN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #314
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 285 kadhaNaM/viveyaNaM havedi taM viiriyaannupvaad| assi ca-appabalaM paravIriyaM uhayavIriyaM khettavIriyaM kAlavIriyaM bhAvavIriyaM tavavIriyaM davvabIriyaM guNavIriyaM pajjabavIriyaM vijjAvIriyaM AI savvesiM vIriyANaM padasaMkhyA sttrilkkhpehiN| assiM ca iga-sada-aTha-pAhuDANi aTha-vatthUNi atthiA davvassa Niyasatti-visesaM viiriyN| 4. atthi-NatthipavAda - iNaM iddhArasaNhaM vatthUNaM saddhi-ti-sada pAhuDANaM (360), saddhi-lakkha-padehi 60,00000 jIvA-jIvANaM atthi-NatthittaM vnnnnedi|' sia-atthi, NatthipamuhA tesiM iha rUvaNaM pvaadostti| atthi jado to dhammo asthi-NatthipavAda-puvvaM c|| .Niya-davva-kheta-kAla-bhAve sidha atthi vtthu-vivhNc| para vva-khetakAla-bhAve siya Natthi aasittaa|| siya atthi-Natthi kamaso sa-para-davvAdi caujudaM jugvN| siya avattavvaM sayaradavvaM khetta ca bhAve y|| jassiM puvvamhi : (i) asthi / (ii) Natthi (iii) atthi-Natthi . (vi) avattavvaM (v) asthi avattavvaM (vi) Natthi avattavvaM (vii) atthi-Natthi-avattavvaM ca sattassa bhaMgassa ca vnnnnnnN| taM asthiNatthipavAdaM puvveN| NANAM-NayANiruvaNaparANi sattarasa bhaMgassa . (5) NANapavAdaM :- vArasaNhaM vatthUNaM (12) visada-cAlIsa -pAhuDANaM -240 egUNa-koDi-padehi 9999999 paMca NANANi tiNNi aNNANANi vnnnnedi|1 NANappavAda-puvvaM madisuda- ohii-sunnaannnnnnaannN| maNa-majjavassa bheyaM kevalaNANassa rUvaM c|| NANassa visada-vaNNaNaM atthi taha vi taMNANaM davvatthiga-pajjavatthiga -NayANaM paDucca aNAdi-NihaNa-aNAdi-saNihaNa-sAdi-aNihaNa- sadisANihaNa-NaNAdi vaNNedi NANaM vANasarUvaM ca vnnnnedi| (6) saccapavAdaM :- vArasaNDaM vatthUNaM (12), dusada-cAlIsa-pAhuDANaM (240), For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA chahiAhiya-eka-koDipadehi 10000006 vayaNaguttI, vakkasaMkkArakAraNaM . pajogo(ka) duvAlasahA bhAsA, (kha) vattAro aNega pagAraM (ga) aNegamusAhihANaM (gha) dasaviha-saccavayaNaM jattha NirUvido saM sccppvaad| (i) vayaNaguttI :- alIya-Niutti-vayaNaM vayaNasaMjamaM joNajudaM ca vynnguttii| (ii) vakkasaMkkAra-kAraNaM-sira-kaMTha-hidaya-jibbhamUla dsnn-oddh-nnaasigaa-taal-tthaannnni| imANi addhavayaNa sNkkaarkaarnn| (iii) vayaNappajogo- suhedara-lakkhaNo sugmo| (vi) duvAlasa-bhAsAH-abbhakkhANa kalaha-pesuNNa- avaddhapalAva radi-aradi-uvahi- Nividi-uppaNadi-mosa- sammadasaNa micchadasaNaM c| avbhakkhANAdi-duvAlasa-bhAsANaM viveyaNaM :(ka) ayaM assa kattA ti aNiTTa-kadhaNaM abbhkkhaannN| (kha) kalaho - proppr-viroh-vynnN| (ga) pesuNNaM - piTThado dos-vikkaarnnN| (gha) abaddhapalAvo - dhamma-attha-kAma-mokkha-asaMbaMdhA sddaa| (ca) radI - iMdiyANaM saddAdi-visaesuMrAguppAdagA sddaa| (cha) aradI - iMdiyANaM saddAdi-visaesuM aradI sddaa| (ja) uvahI - jaM vayaNaM suNidUNa pariggaha-ajjaNa- rakkhaNAdIsuM aasttii/aasjjde| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #316
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA: 287 (jha) NikkidI - vaNiga-vAvare jaM avahAridUNa NikkidipavaNo AdA hodi saNikkidIvayaNaM / (Na) appaNadi - jaM sodUNa tavesu NANesuM ca vi ahio jaNesuM Na Na paNamadi sA appnndii| sammadaMsaNa-vayaNaM - samma - magguvaesadiTThi-vayaNaM / (Dha) micchAdaMsaNaM sammatta- bihINa- magguvaesadiTTivayaNaM / vaktAra-pajjava-judA veiMdiyAdijIvA saccamasaccaM vayaNaM/vAdaM/pavAdaM kurNati / sacca ca asaccaM ca NANavihaM / davva-khetta-kAla- bhAvassayaaNegavihaasacca/aliyaM/aNNiradaM / dasaviho saccasabbhAvo' NAma- rUva-ThavaNApaDucca- saMvudi-saMkhojaNA - jaNavada - desa - bhAva-samaya- bheeNa / NAma-saccaM- sacedaNa-acedaNa- davva-vabahAratthaM saNNAkaraNaM-jahiMdo / rUvasaccaM - padattha-asaNNihANe vi rUvametteNa uccade - cittapurisaM - puriso / ThavaNa - saMccaM - mUlatthe Na vijjade vi kajjatthaM ThavaNaM - akkhaM / . paDuccasaccaM - sAdi - aNAdi-bhAva - diddhiNA jaM vayaNaM bhaasejjaa| saMvudi- saccaM - loyamhi vayaNasaMvudi-AsidaM kappaNAsidaM vayaNANi bhAMsati / jahA puDhavI- Adi- aNeNa -kariNatte vi sadi paMke jAdaM paMkajaM / Ga saMyojaNAsacca - cedaNa-acedaNa-padatthANaM jaheva vibhatto taM saMyojaNAsacca / jaNavadasaccaM - ajja-aNajja - vihatta-vattIsa - desesuM dhamma- attha-kAmamokkhaNaM pattagaM jaM vayaNaM taM jaNavadasacca / desasaccaM - gAma-Nayara-rAA - gaNa - pAsaMDa - jAdi - kulAdidhammANaM uvadeTTaM jaM vayaNaM taM desscc| bhAvasaccaM- Niya-suNaparipAlaNatthaM, vayaNaM bhaavscc| samaya-sacvaM- Agamagamma- paDiNiyadasaDa - davva NavapayatthANaM jahe vayaNaM smyscc| (7) AdapavAdaM :- solasaNhaM vatthUNaM (16), vIsuttara - ti - sada- pAhuDANaM (320), For Personal & Private Use Only

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288 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA chavvIsa-koDipadehi 260000000 AdaM vaNNedi jIvo vede tti vA bhottetti vA viNhu tti vA vA tti buDDe iccaadiruuvenn| uktaM ca jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya pogglo| vedo viNhU sayaMbhU ya sarIrI taha maannvo|| sattA jaMtU ya mANI ya mAI jogI ya sNkddo| asaMkaDI ya khettaNhU aMtarappA taheva y||1 jIvo : jIvadi jIvissadi puvvaM jIvido tti jiivo| kattA : suhamasuhaM kredi| vattA : saccamasaccaM saMtamasaMtaM vadadIdi vttaa| pANI : pANA eyassa saMti tti paannii| bhottA : amara-Nara-tiriya-NAraya-bheeNa caduvhihe saMsAre kulalama-. . kusalaM bhujadi tti bhottaa| poggalo : chavviha-saMThANa-bahubiha-dehehi pUradi galadi tti pogglo| vedo : suha-dukkhaM vededi tti vedo athavA vetti jANAdIdi vedo| viNhU : upatta-dehaM viyattaedIdi/viyAvedi athavA NANeNaM savvaM veveTTI privivttdi| sayaMbhU : sayameva bhUdo adhavA saMyameva uppajjadIdi syNbhuu| sarIrI : sarIrameyassa asthi tti sriirii| mANavo : maNu NANaM tattha bhUdo tti maannvo| sattA : sajaNa-saMbaMdha-mitta-vaggAdisu saMjadi tti sttaa| jaMtU : caduggadi-saMsAre jAyadi jaNayadi tti jNtuu| mANI : mANo eyassa asthi tti maannii| mAyI : mAyA asthi tti maayii| jogI : jogo atthi tti jogii| saMkuDo : adisaNha-deha/adisuhuma-dehappamANeNaM sNkudddiidi| asaMkuDo : savvaM logAgAsaM viyAyadi tti asNkuddo| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #318
pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 289 khettaNhU : khettaM sa. sarUvaM jANadIdi khettnnhuu| aMtarappA : aTu-kammabbhaMtarA tti aMtarappA / 8. kammapavAdaM - vIsaNhaM vatthUNaM ( 20 ), cattArisada - pAhuDANaM (400), ega-koDi-asIdi-lakkha- padehi 18000000 aTThavihaM kammaM vaNNedi / jassiM kammabhedANi baMdha-udaya- udIraNA - sattA-saMkamaNa-ukkassaNa- avakassaNAraM vaNNaNaM atthitaM kammapavAdaM / kammANaM pavAdaM kammapavAdaM / 9. paccakkhANaM - tIsaNhaM vatthUNaM ( 30 ), chassada - pAhuDANaM (600) cadurAsIdi - lakkhapadehi 8400000 davva-bhAva - parimiyAparimiya - paccakkhANaM dasavihaM - aNAgada-adikkata - ko Dijuda - akhaMDida-sAgAraNirAgAra-parimANa-aparimANa - addhagada - sahedugAdi - bheenn| - 10. vijjANuvAdaM - paNharasahaM vatthUNa tiNNisaya pAhuDANaM egakoDi-dasalakqhapadehi 11000000 aMguTTappadesAdINaM appa vijjANaM sarasadANi rohiNI-AdINaM mahAvijjANa paMcasadANi aMtarikqha-bhobhaMga-sara-siviNa - lakkhaNa-viMjaNa- chiNNa-aTU- mahANimittANi ya di - 11. kallANavAdo- dasahaM vatthUNaM (10), vi - sada- pAhuDANaM ( 200 ) chavvIsa - koDi-padehi 260000000 ravi - sasi Nakkhatta - tArANa cArovavAda-gai-vipajjava-phalANi sakuNa-saddANaM ca baladeva- vAsudevacakkadharAdINaM gabbhAvadaraNAdimahA kallANANi ya vaNNedi / 12. pANAvAdo- dasahU vatthUNaM (10), vi-sada - pAhuDANaM ( 200 ), terasa-koDi-padehi 130000000 kAryAvigicchAdi - aMga- AuvavedaM - bhUdikammaM jaMgulipakkamaM pANApANavibhAMga ca vitthareNa vnnnnedi| 1 13. kiriyAvisAlaM - dasahU vatthuNu ( 10 ), vi-sada - pAhuDANa ( 200 ), NavakoDi-padehi 90000000 lehAdigA vAhattIkalA ratthINaM cadusaTThiguNA sippANi kavvaguNa-dosa-kiriyaM chaMdovicidikiriyaM ca vaNNedi / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #319
290 : aMgu sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 14. loyavidaMsAra loyassa viMdavayavA vaNNijjaMte ya ettha sAraM ca / taM loya - viMdusAraM coddasapuvvaM NamaMssAmi / / 1 dasaNhaM vatthuNaM (10), vi-sada - pAhuDANaM ( 200 ), bAraha - koDi- paNNAsalakkha-pahedi125000000 aTTha - vavahArA cattAri vIjANi mokkhagama- NakiriyA mokkhasuhaM ca vnnnnedi| coddaha-puvvANaM sayama - vatthu - samAso paMcANaudi - sadaM (195) sayala- pAhuDa-samAso tiNNisahassA NavayasayA 39001 1. uppAda puvvassa NaM dasavatthu paNNattA, / cattAricUliyAvatthU pnnnnttaa| aggeNiyassa NaM puvvassa coddasa - vatthU, vArasa cUliyAvatthU paNNattA / vIriyappaMvAyavAyassa NaM puvvassa, aTThavatthU, aTU cUliyAvatthU pnnnnttaa| atthi-NatthippavAyassa NaM puvvassa aTTArasa vatthU dasa cUliyAvatthU 2. 3. 4. paNNattA / 5. 6. NANappavAyassa NaM puvvassa vArasa vatthU pnnnnttaa| saccappavAyassa NaM puvvassa do vatthU pnnnnttaa| AyappavAyassa NaM puvvassa solasa vatthU pnnnnttaa| 7. 8. kammappavAyapuvvassa NaM tIsaM vatthU paNNattA / paccakkhANassa NaM puvvassa vIsaM vatthU paNNattA / 9. 10. vijjApuppavAyassa NaM puvvassa paNNarasa vatthU paNNattA / 11. abaMjhassa NaM puvvassa tIsaM vatthU pnnnnttaa| 12. pANAussa NaM puvvassa terasa vatthU pnnnnttaa| 13. kiriyAvilAsassa NaM puvvassa tIsaM vatthU pnnnnttaa| 14. loyaviMdusArassa NaM puvvassa paNavIsaM vatthU pnnnnttaa| samavAyaMge coddasabheesu kallANavAdassa ThANe abaMjhaM paNNattaM / cattaceduvihaM vi mahatpuNaM / (ca) cUligA - jalagayA thalagayA mAyAgayA rUvagayA aagaasgyaacedi| (ka) jalagayA- do - koDi - Nava - lakkha- eUNa-Navudi-sahassa For Personal & Private Use Only -

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 291 vesada-padehi (20989200) jalagamaNa- jalatthaMbhaNa-kAraNa-maMta-taMta-tavaccharaNANi vnnnnedi| (kha) thalagayA- tetiehi ceba padehi (20989200) bhUmigamaNa-kAraNa maMta-taMta-tavaccharaNANi vatthuvijaM bhUtisaMbaMdhamaNNaM vi suhAsuha-kAraMNa vnnnnedi| (ga) mAyAgayA- tetiehi ceva padehi (20989200) sIya-haya-hiraNAdi rUvA-yAreNa pariNamaNa-hedu-maMta-saMta-tavaccharaNANi citta-kaDu leppa-leNa-kammAdi-lakkhaNaM ca vnnnnedi| (ca) AyAsagayA- tetiehi ceva padehi (20989200) AgAsa-gamaNa Nimitta-maMta-taMta-tavaccharaNANi vnnnnedi| cUliyA savva-pada-samAmo dasa-koDiyo egUNa paMcAsa-lakkha- chAyAla-sahassa padANi (104946000) / duvAlasaMgamhi vArasa-aMgaM dittttivaado| assiM ca aNedavihavAdANaM viyArANaM vaNNaNaM vitthareNaM atthiA jehiM arahaMtehi bhagavaMtehiM uppaNNa-NANa-desaNadharehi talukkapujja-Nirikkhida-mahida-pUjidehiM tIya-paDuppaNNa-maNAgada-jANaehiM savvaNhUhiM savvadarisIhiM paNIdaM sammasudaM duvaalsNg| duvAlasaMga-gaNi-piDagaM coddasapuvvadhArINaM sammasudaM paNNattaM, abhiNNadasapuvvissa sammasudaM teNaM paraM bhiNNesuM bhynnaa| (nandI sU. pR. 152) . diTThivAdassa saMkhenjA vAyaNA aNuyogadArA vi, saMjejjA vedA, saMkhenjA silogA saMlakhejjAoM paDivattIo, saMkhijjAo NijjuttIo, saMkhenjao sNghnniio| vArasaMge ega sudakkhaMdho coddasapuvvANi saMkhejjA vatthU saMkhejjA pAhuDAdI uvadissarjati dasijati parUvijaMti vAdaMsirjati jiNapaNNattA savve bhaavaa| - vibhAgAdhyakSa jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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dRSTivAda* D sva. AcArya devendra muni jI zAstrI nAmakaraNa :- dRSTivAda bArahavA~ aMga hai, jisameM saMsAra ke sabhI darzanoM evaM nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jisameM samyaktva Adi dRSTiyoM - darzanoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA ho vaha dRSTivAda hai| dRSTivAda vilupta ho cukA hai| vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 170 varSa pazcAt zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hue| unake svargagamana ke pazcAt dRSTivAda kA zanaiH - zanaiH lopa hone lagA aura vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 meM vaha pUrNarUpa se lupta ho gyaa| arthAt devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke svargagamana ke bAda vaha zabda rUpa se pUrNatayA naSTa ho gayA aura artharUpa meM kucha aMsa bacA rhaa|' dRSTivAda ke nAma :- ThANAMga meM dRSTivAda, hetuvAda, bhUtavAda, tathyavAda, samyagvAda, dharmavAda, bhASAvicaya yA bhASAvijaya, pUrvagata, anuyogagata aura sarvaprANabhUtajIva-satvasukhAvaha ye daza nAma dRSTivAda ke prApta hote haiN|' viSaya vastu :- samavAyAMga va nandI meM parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA ye dRSTivAda ke pA~ca vibhAga batAye haiN| inake vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki prathama vibhAga meM lipi vijJAna aura sarvAMga pUrNa gaNita vidyA kA vivecana thaa| dvitIya vibhAga meM chinnachedanaya, achinnachedanaya, trikanaya, caturnaya kI paripATiyoM kA vistAra se vivecana thaa| usameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA thA ki prathama aura caturtha ye do paripATiyA~ nigraMthoM kI thIM aura achinnachedanaya evaM trikanaya kI paripATiyA~ AjIvikoM kI thiiN| tRtIya vibhAga meM 14 pUrvo kI vistAra se carcA vicAraNA thii| prathama utpAdapUrva meM sampUrNa dravya aura paryAyoM kI prarUpaNA utpAda kI dRSTi se kI gaI thii| isa pUrva kA pada parimANa eka koTi pada thA) dvitIya agrAyaNIyapUrva meM sabhI dravya paryAya aura jIvavizeSa ke agra-pariNAma kA varNana thaa| *jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, prakA zrI tAraka gurU jaina granthAlaya, udayapura se sAbhAra uddhRta --sampAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA: 293 isakA pada parimANa 69 lAkha pada thaa| tRtIya vIryapravAdapUrva meM sakarma evaM niSkarma jIva aura ajIva ke vIrya zakti vizeSa kA varNana thaa| isakI pada sakhyA 70 lAkha thii| caturtha astinAstipravAdapUrva meM vastuoM ke astitva aura nAstitva ke varNana ke sAtha dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya prabhRti dravyoM kA astitva aura AkAzapuSpa Adi ke nAstitva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA aura pratyeka dravya ke sva-svarUpa se astitva aura para-svarUpa se nAstitva kA bhI pratipAdana thA / isakA padaparimANa 60 lAkha thaa| paMcama jJAnapravAdapUrva meM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevala ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se vivecana thaa| isakI pada saMkhyA eka karor3a thii| chaThe satyapravAdapUrva meM satyavacana kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA thaa| sAtha hI usake pratipakSI rUpa para bhI vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA thaa| isame 1 karor3a aura 6 pada the| sAtaveM AtmapravAdapUrva meM AtmA ke svarUpa va usakI vyApakatA, jJAtRtva aura bhoktRtva sambandhI vivecana aneka nayoM kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA thaa| isa pUrva meM 26 karor3a pada the| AThaveM karmapravAdapUrva meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya Adi aSTa karmoM kI prakRtiyA~, sthitiyA~ evaM unake pariNAma va bandha ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa thaa| isa pUrva meM eka karor3a assI hajAra pada the| naveM pratyAkhyAnapravAdapUrva meM pratyAkhyAna aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA thA, sAtha hI isameM AcAra saMbaMdhI niyama bhI the| isameM 84 lAkha pada the| dasaveM vidyAnupravAdapUrva meM atizaya zakti sampanna vidyAoM, upavidyAoM aura unakI sAdhanA kI vidhiyoM kA nirUpaNa thaa| jisameM aMguSTha praznAdi 700 laghuvidyAe~, rohiNI prabhRti 500 mahAvidyAe~ evam antarikSa, bhauma, aMga, svara, svapna, lakSaNa, vyaJjana aura chinna ina ATha mahAna nimittoM dvArA bhaviSya ko jAnane kI vidhi kA varNana thaa| isa pUrva meM 1 karor3a 80 lAkha pada gyArahaveM abandhyapUrva meM jJAna, tapa Adi satkRtyoM ko zubha phala dene vAle aura pramAda -kaSAya Adi asatkRtyoM ko azubha phaladAyaka batAyA hai| zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala nizcita rUpa se milate hI haiM, ve kabhI bhI niSphala nahIM hote / ataH isa pUrva kA nAma abandhyapUrva thaa| isakI padasaMkhyA 26 karor3a thI / digambara dRSTi se gyArahaveM pUrva kA nAma kalyANavAdapUrva thA, jisameM tIrthakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva ke garbhAvataraNa kA utsava, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karane vAlI For Personal & Private Use Only the|

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294 : aMga sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA 16 bhAvanAe~ evaM tapa kA varNana aura candra, sUrya ke grahaNa tathA graha-nakSatroM ke prabhAva, zakuna aura unake zubhAzubhaphala kA varNana thA aura isa pUrva kI pada saMkhyA 26 karor3a thii| bArahaveM prANAyupUrva meM Ayu 1 karor3a 56 lAkha thI / digambara dRSTi se isa pUrva meM kAyacikitsA Adi aSTAMga Ayurveda, bhUtikarma, jAMguli, prakrama, sAdhaka prabhRti Ayurveda ke bheda, ir3A, piMgalA, suSumnA Adi prANa, pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu ke bheda-prabheda, dasa prANa, dravya, dravyoM ke upakAra aura apakAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA thA aura isakI pada saMkhyA 13 karor3a thI / terahaveM kriyAvizAlapUrva meM saMgItazAstra, chanda, alaMkAra, purUSoM kI 72 kalAe~, striyoM kI 64 kalAe~, 84 prakAra ke zilpa, vijJAna, garbha avadhAraNa Adi kriyAe~, samyagdarzana, munivandana, nitya-niyama evaM AdhyAtmika ciMtana Adi laukika va lokottara sabhI kriyAoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa thaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 9 karoDa mAnatI haiN| caudahaveM loka bindusArapUrva meM laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI prakAra kI vidyAoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se jJAna prApta karAne vAlI sarvAkSara sannipAtAdi viziSTa labdhiyoM kA varNana thA / jaise akSara para bindu vaise hI jJAna kA sarvottama sAra hone se ise lokabindusAra yA trilokabindusAra kI saMjJA se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 121/2 karor3a thii| caudaha pUrvo kI vastu arthAt grantha pariccheda kI saMkhyA kramazaH 10, 14, 8, 18, 12, 2, 16, 30, 20, 15, 12, 13, 30 aura 25 thI / ' grantha pariccheda ke atirikta Adi ke cAra pUrvI meM kramazaH 4, 12, 8, aura 10 cUlikAe~ thii| zeSa 10 pUrvI meM cUlikAe~ nahIM thiiN| jaise parvata kA zikhara parvata ke anya bhAga se unnata hotA hai vaise cUlikAoM kA bhI sthAna thaa|' dRSTivAda kA caturtha vibhAga anuyoga thaa| usake mUla prathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga ye do bheda the| prathama mUla prathamanuyoga meM arihaMtoM ke paMcakalyANaka kA savistRta vivaraNa thA / dvitIya gaMDikAnuyoga meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva Adi mahApurUSoM kA caritra thaa| yaha vibhAga aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta hI mahatvUparNa thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 295 digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM isa vibhAga kA nAma prathamAnuyoga milatA hai| dRSTivAda kA pA~cavA~ vibhAga cUlikA thaa| samavAyAMga aura naMdI meM likhA hai ki cAra pUrvo kI jo cUlikAe~ haiM unhIM cUlikAoM kA dRSTivAda ke isa vibhAga meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai kintu digambara sAhitya meM jalagatA, thalagatA, mAyAgatA, rUpagatA aura akAzagatA ye pA~ca cUlikAe~ batAI gaI haiN| dRSTivAda kA mahatva :- dRSTivAda atyadhika vizAla thaa| AcArya zIlAMga ne sUtrakRtAMgavRtti meM likhA hai ki pUrva anaMta artha vAlA hotA hai aura usameM vIrya kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai ataH usakI anaMtArthatA jAnanI caahie| jaise samasta nadiyoM ke bAlakaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya yA sabhI samudroM ke pAnI ko hathelI meM ekatrita kara usake jalakaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to una bAlukaNoM aura jalakaNoM kI saMkhyA se bhI adhika artha eka pUrva kA hotA hai | " 10 kAlajanya maMda medhA ke kAraNa isa vizAla jJAnarAzi kA dhIre-dhIre hAsa hotA calA gyaa| AcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko upadeza dete hue kahA thA ki " jJAna kA garva na kro"| unhoMne apana hAtha meM muTThIbhara dhUli lekara eka sthAna para rkkhii| tatpazcAt dUsare, tIsare, cauthe, pA~caveM sthAna para rakkhI, phira unhoMne ziSya ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA - jaise yaha dhUli eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para rakhane para kramazaH kama hotI calI gaI vaise hI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI vANI gaNadharoM ko prApta huI aura gaNadharoM se anya AcAryoM ko aura phira unake ziSya - praziSyoM ko / isI prakAra yaha bhI kama hotI calI gii| Aja prastuta dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna kitanA kama raha gayA hai yaha kahanA atyadhika kaThina hai| nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra dRSTivAda meM dravyAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga kA kathana hone se chedasUtroM kI bhA~ti ise bhI uttama zruta kahA hai| tIna varSa ke pravrajita sAdhu ko nizItha, pA~ca varSa ke pravrajita sAdhu ko kalpa aura vyavahAra kA upadeza denA batAyA hai kintu dRSTivAda ke upadeza ke lie bIsa varSa kI pravrajyA Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai|" bRhatkalpaniryukti meM likhA hai ki tuccha svabhAva vAlI, bahuta abhimAnI, caMcala indriyoM vAlI aura mandabuddhi vAlI sabhI striyoM ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 : aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dRSTivAda par3hane kA niSedha hai| isa kathana kA kyA rahasya hai yaha cintakoM ke lie vicAraNIya hai| upasaMhAra :- isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dRSTivAda bahuta hI vizAla aura mahatvapUrNa aMga thaa| isakA mahatva isI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaba AryarakSita veda-vedAMgoM tathA anya sabhI prakAra ke jJAna ke pAragAmI vidvAna hokara lauTe to unakI mAtA ne eka hI zabda kahA - "dRSTivAda pddh'o| kyoMki isI ke dvArA tumheM AtmA kA saccA svarUpa jJAta ho skegaa| tuma samasta siddhAnta ke jJAtA ho jaaoge| Atma kalyANa ke lie dRSTivAda kA adhyayana apekSita hai|" aura mAtA ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara AryarakSita dRSTivAda ke adhyayana ke lie cala die| dRSTivAda kI vizAlatA, gaMbhIratA aba kevala atIta kI vastu raha gaI hai| jJAna kA yaha vipula bhaMDAra aprApta hai| isakA ullekha bhara hI zeSa hai| saMdarbha sUcI :1. dRSTayo darzanAni nayA vA ucyante abhidhIyante patanti vA avataranti yatrAsau dRSTivAdI, dRSTipAto vaa| pravacana purUSasya dvaadshe'ngge| - sthAnAMgavRtti, ThA 4, u.1 2. dRSTidarzanaM samyaktvAdi, vadanaM vAdo, dRSTInAM vAdo dRssttivaadH| . - pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 144 3. goyamA ! jaMbUdvIve NaM dIve bhArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe mamaM egaM vAsasahassaM puvvagae aNusajjissai .......... __ - bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, u.8 sU. 677; sUttAgame, pRSTha 504 diTThivAyassa NaM dasa nAmadhijjA pnnnnttaa| taM jahA - diTThivAei vA, heuvAei vA, bhUyavAei vA, taccAvAei vA, sammavAei vA, dhammAvAei bhAsAvijaei vA, puvvagaei vA, aNuogagaei vA, savvapANabhayajIvasattasuhAvahei vaa| - sthAnAMgasUtra , ThA.10, sUtra 742; munizrI kamalaM dvArA sampAdita 5. se kiM diTThivAe ? se samAsao paMcavihe paNNatte taM jahA- parikamme, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pro. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA : 297 suttAI, puvvagae, aNuoge, cuuliyaa| (nandIsUtra) 6. paDhamaM uppAyapuvvaM, tattha savvadavvANaM pajjavANa ya uppAya bhAvamaMgIkAuM paNNavaNA kyaa| (nandIcUrNI) dasa 1 coddasa 2 aTTha 3 aTThAraseva 4 bArasa 5 duve 6 ya vtthuunni| solasa 7 tIsA 8 vIsA 9 paNNarasa aNuppavAdammi 10 1176 / / bArasa ekkArasame 11 bArasame teraseva vatthUNi 12 / tIsA puNa terasama 13 coddasame paNNavIsA u 14 / / 80 / / . - nandIsUtra- puNyavijaya jI, pR.45 8. nandIsUtra 81, pRSTha 45 . 9. nandIcUrNI 10. yato'nantArtha pUrva bhavati, tatra ca vIryameva pratipAdyate, anantArthatA cAto'vagantavyA tadyathA - savva naINaM-jA hojja bAluyA gaNaNamAgayA sntii| tatto. bahuyatarAgo, egassa attho puvvss||1|| savva samuddANajalaM, jai patthamiyaM havijja sNkliyN| etto bahuyatarAgo attho egassa puvvss||2|| tadevaM pUrvArthasyAnantyAdvIryasya ca tadarthatvAdanantatA viirysyeti| - - sUtrakRtAMga (vIryAdhikAra), AcAryazrI javAharalAla ma dvArA sampAdita, pRSTha - 335 ___ 11. bRhatkalpabhASya, pRSTha 404 12. bRhatkalpaniyukti, pRSTha 146 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Linguistic Study of the Canonical Literature (Amga) with special reference to the vowels and single consonants Dr Jagat Ram Bhattacharyya Amga canonical literature holds an important place in Jain literature. Gautama and the other Ganadharas have edited and compiled the sermon of Lord Mahavira preached throughout his life. And according to the Svetambara canons the language is known to be the Ardhamagadhi. Ardhamagadhi-A Language Before to discuss on the Ardhamagadhi as a language, the significance of the name of Ardhamagadhi is found important here. In the fourth Amga text-Samavayanga, the Ardhamagadhi language is acknowledged thus- aabhagavam ca nam addhamagahie bhasae dhammam aikkhai/sa vi ya nam ariya-m-anariyam duppaya cauppaya miya pasu pakkhi sarisivanam appappano hiyasiva suhadaya bhasattae parinamaiaa/aaThe Lord propagated the law in the Ardhamagadhi Language-this peace-happiness-and-bliss-giving Ardhamagadhi undergoes modifications when it is spoken by the Aryans, the non-Aryans, the bipeds, the quadrupeds, the wild and tamed animals, the birds and the wormsaa: In the Bagbhata Alamkara tilaka (1.1) it is said about the Ardhamagadhi- sarvardhamagadhim sarva bhasasu parinaminim/sarviyam sarvato vacam sarvajnim pranidadhamahe. It means we salute vac that is fully Ardhamagadhi and which modifies herself into all the different Language and is perfect and omniscient. In the Prajnapanasutra, the Aryans are categorised into nine classes, in which the sixth class is mentioned for bhasariya, those who are Aryans by language. It is asked about them-se kim tam Bhasariya?-what is meant by aAryans by speech? Answer is thus-bhasariya je nam addhamagahae bhasae bhasanti jattha vi ya bambhi livi pavattai-Aryans by speech are they who speak the Ardhamagadhi language and who use the Brahmi script in writing. In the Aupapatikasutra, too, like the Samavayangasutra, it is mentioned nam For Personal & Private Use Only

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Prof. Sagaramal jain & Dr. Suresh Sisodiya: 299 that Lord Mahavira propounded his law through the Ardha-magadhi Language- tae nam bhagavam Mahavire... addhamagavae... bhaske bhasai/ariha dhammam parikahei/tesim savvesim ariya-m-ananiyam agitae dhammamaikkhai/ sa vi ya nam addhamagaha bhasa tesim savvesim ariyam-anariyam appano sabhasae parinamenam parinamai.a Hemacandra in his Prakrit Grammar, while tormulating the characteristic features of Magadhi, in the vrtti of the very first sutra atahetsau pumsi magadhyam (4.487) has mentioned that old scriptures are composed in the Ardhamagadhi language-poranam addhamagaha Bhasa niyayam havai Suttam. Hemacandra admits that the characteristic features of Ardhamagadhi is quite different from that of Magadhi. Hence, he did not mention any rules of Ardhamagadhi along with Magadhi or any other Prakrits. Herman Jacobi in his own style has classified the language of Jain Literature. According to him the language of the Jain Literature Corresponds mostly with the nature of Maharastri. So one is Jain Maharastri and the other is Jain Prakrit. Jain Maharastri was the medium of language through which the Jain commentators and Annotators explained the canons. And Jain Prakrit is the language of the old scriptures, i.e. canons. Grammarians from Vararaci (4th/5th century A.D.) upto Markandeya (17th Century A.D.) acknowledged the Jain Prakrit either as Arsa, the language of the rsis or rudha, the self created. Hemacandra in his sutra arsam, mentions that this has many options and exceptions. It is needless to say that due to huge variations * and options, Grammarians could hardly be able to formulate any sutra for the Ardhamagadhi language. Trivikrama ignored to describe the characteristic retures oi Ardnamagadni as he did so for the Desya ianguage. He admits that Arsa like Desya is nothing but a self created language. So it is not the offspring of Sanskrit. It is free from any connection of polished language-svatantratvacca bhuyasa, if only follows its own rules. Prem Candra Tarkavagica, while commenting on the Kavyadarsa (1.33) of Dandin says that Prakrit has mainly of two divisions-one which is derived from Arsa and the other is analoguous to the Arsa-arsottham arsa tulyanca dvividham prakstam viduh. Namisadhu, on the commentary of Rudrata on Kavyadarsa (2.12) For Personal & Private Use Only

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300: Anga Sahitya : Manana Aura Mimansa opines on the origin of Prakrit is thus that its basis (prakstin) is the natural language of intercourse of all beings and it is not regulated ac- . cording to grammar, it is called Prakrit because it is derived from this language or is itself the same. Or it may be that Praksta stands for prakkrta--created before, in earlier period (purvam). So it is called Praksta. The Prakrit of the Jain canon or Arsa, i.e. Ardhamagadhi is the language of Gods--arisavayane siddham devanam addhamagaha vani. Accordingly Prakrit is the language that is easily understood by children, women etc. and is the basis of all languages. Like rain wa-. : ter it had one and the same form in former times, but it became diversified on account of difference in locality and grammatical modifications and has come to be known as Sanskrit and other language mentioned by Rudrata. So Sanskrit and other languages have been formed or developed from Prakrit. Like Buddhist, as they considered Magadhi as their own-sa magadhi mula bhasa, the Jains has Ardhamagadhi as the same. In the Natyasastra of Bharata (17.48) Ardhamagadhi is mentioned as one of the languages. magadhyavantija pracya surasenyardhamagadhi/ bahlika daksinatya sa sapta bhasa prakirtita// Kramadisvara is the only grammarian, who formulated any sutra for Ardhamagadhi-maharastri misrar dhamagadhi (5.98), that Ardhamagadhi is a mixture of Maharastri and Magadhi. In Linguistic point of view, Ardhamagadhi is an important part of Prakrit as well as in the Middle Indo Aryan language. MIA being the part of Indo Aryan which is developed from Indo European through Indo-Iranian, Ardhamagadhi has a direct relation with Indo European. Sound System of Aranamagadni The sound system in the Amga literature is based on the characteristics of Ardhamagadhi which does not carry any change from that of prakrit in general. Vowels-a, a, i, i, u, u, e and o Hemacandra, in the very first sutra of his Prakrit grammar mentions about a term alokata in the vstti which denotes that in Prakrit the vowels like r. r. !.!, ai and au have no existence. So in the Ardhamagadhi of the Amga literature we cannot have any exceptions For Personal & Private Use Only

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Prof. Sagaramal Jain & Dr. Suresh Sisodiya: 301 of the aforesaid rule. Not only the Ardhamagadhi, but all the dialects and subdialects of Prakrit admit the same principle. In application of single consonants, the Ardhamagadhi of Amga literature has not such difference from other Prakrits. All the mutes, i.e. from k upto m have been used in it. In case of semi vowels, y sometimes becomes a rather than becoming j. All the Sanskrit mutes have undergone phonological changes, like other Prakrits, in the language of the Amga literature also. In case of sibilants, only the dental s is found in place of s. sand s. Here, too, no Magadhism has been found to influence the Ardhamagadhi. So no palatal s is used so for. aha is preserved in usual position. Like other Prakrits, visarga is not used in the language of Amga literature. The consonants used in the Amga leterature are as follows k kh g gh n chj jh 7 - ph d b dh bh n m p : .. Shm Phonology a In Amga literature as well as in Ardhamagadhi, Sanskrit vowels are used or accepted but the changes which are found in Maharastri have the same impact on Ardhamagadhi. So the same can be found in the language of Amga literature. Some examples can be cited for its favour, e.g. ekonoirimsatsaunaitisa iiva. 1.3.81, ayuana> aujjna (Sam. Pra 144), ekonopancasat >> aunnapanna (Bh.2.43). In some examples we can find that as Maharastri, owing to the existence of anusvara the long a becomes a. e.g. antarayika > amtaraiya (A 6.34, Th. 2.431; 3.523, Sam 58.2, Bh 6.33, 34, 9.46, 68. etc). The long vowel a before a conjunct consonant becomes a, such as amla > aba (Bh. 18.109), amraka ) ambaga (Anu. 3,48). Besides those examples, in the Amga literature, there are ample examples for amra becoming amba. Hemacandraas sutra hrsvah samyogel1.84) Support For Personal & Private Use Only

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302: Anga Sahitya: Manana Aura Mimansa this application. Other examples are-achidya , acchimda (A.cu 13.27), achets, acchimdimtu (Sam 33.1), achedya , acchejja (A 8.21-24, Su 2.1.65; 2.2.49), aryajambu > ajjajambu (Na 1.1.6-8;. Uv 1.4.5; Amta 3.70; 6.14), arjava > ajjava (Th. 4.71; 6.27; Sam 10.1 etc.), arta , atta (A.1.13; 5.18; Su 1.5.25;1.10.4; Uv 2.22, 24, 28; Pan 2.2; Vip 1.1.57, 1.2.4 2 etc.) adhya , addha (Su 2.7.3, Bh. 2.94.3.32; Na 1.2.7.1.3.8; Uv 1.11.16: 2.3; Amta 3.6,33,55, Anu 3.5,66; Vip 1.1.70.1.10.3 etc.). Sanskrit s has four types of development in Prakrit as well as in Ardhamagadhi, these are, a, i, uand ri in initial position. But except in very few cases the initial; becomes a, i and u in Ardhamagadhi. Here, Some examples of rbecoming a are given below - rju > amju(A. 3.5;15: Su 1.9.1. 1.10.1; 26.13 etc) sta , atta (Na.1.7,36.1,3,5 etc.), rmadharaka > anadharaga (Na 1.18.21,33), rnabhanjaka, anabamjaka (Pan.3.3.), rnabala >> anavala (Pan. 2.3) etc. There is no such changes have been found regarding the development of Sanskrit a in the language of Amga literature. But in some places due to the compansatory lengthening a becomes a, e.g. asvasiksa , asasikkha (Sam. 32.7), asvasena , asasena (Sam.Pra.220.3), asvattha , asottha (Sam. Pra. 231.2, Bh 22.3), asvatthapravala , asotthapavala (A. cu 1.109), asvatthamanthus asotthamamthu (A.cu 1.111), asvayuj > asoya (A. cu 25.15. Sam 15.5; 36.4: Bh 1211,125 Na 1.5.75 etc.), Hemacandraas sutra lupta ya ra va sa sa sam--sa sa-sam dirghah(1.43) is meant for compensatory lengthening. Like Prakrit, in the language of Amga literature we can have some remnants of the changing of some dissimilar vowels into i. e.g. angara>> imgala (Su 1.5.7, 2.2.77; Th. 4.177, Bh 2.64, 66, Na 1.16.52; Amta 3.89, Anu 3.30; Vip 1.4.16 etc.), angara karsanis imgala kaddhani (Bh. 16.6), angara karman >> imgala kamma (Bh 8.24 2.uv.1.38), atra, ittha (A.4.20). In the same way.es i, e.g. ekacatvarimsatigayala (Bh. 2.118), ekasasthi , igasatthi (Sam.88.3). r>> i- in place of r. we can have a large number of ex For Personal & Private Use Only

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> Prof. Sagaramal Jain & Dr. Suresh Sisodiya: 303 amples where ris developed into i. e.g. rddhi>iddhi (Su.2.2.69, 73; Th. 2.316-319, Bh. 1, 102, 3.1,7,27 etc. Na 1.1.33, 67, 69 etc.), rddhigaurava > iddhi garava (Sam. 3.4), rddhiprapta > iddhipatta (Bh. 8.62.406; 14.60 etc.). Prothesis or insertion of a vowel in the initial position of a word is popular in Prakrit, so is available in the language of Amga literature. Here, in the context of i, we find the word stri becomes itthi in several occasions, such as itthi, itthi kaha, itthikama, itthitta, itthipadima, itthiposa, itthiveyaga etc. The long i sometimes becomes short in Jain canonical literature, e.g. iriya, iriya asmiya. iriyavahia, iriyasamii (ti), but sometimes long i also used in Anga literature is considered to be quite regular. u and the rest > > In the Amga canonical literature, rbesides becoming of a and i becomes u in several cases. Some examples are as follows rtu > uu (Th.5.106, 212, Bh. 5.15,16, 9.156; Na 1.1.33, 159 etc), rtuparivarta> uu pariyatta (A.cu. 1.2 1.), rtubaddha > uuvaddha (Na. 1.5.117, 118, 124, 125); rtu sandhi > uu samdhi (A. cu 1.21.). rjvayata > ujjuayata (Th 7.112; Bh 25.91;: 34.3, 13 etc), rju> ujju (Su 1.11.1. Th 4.12-21 etc. Pan 4.7, 8 etc), rjukrta > ujjukada (A.1.65), rjuka > ujjuga (Uv.1.47; 7.33; Pan 4.7;7.4), ujjuya (A.cu. 1.50, 52: 2.44; Su 2.2.77; Bh. 18.104 etc). Likewise ujjuaya, ujjuyare, ujjusuya and so many words can be found where r becomes u. In some places a is changed into u, e.g. apakrsta> uittha. here, of course, the elision of initial a is occured through the way that apakrsta avaittha* auittha and then uittha. We cannot find any other vowels changing into u except o and au, e.g. ostha uttha (Na. 1.2.11, 33; Uv. 2.21. Anu 3.46), austrika uttiya (Th. 5.191; Uv. 1.29; 2.21 etc.), austriki > uttiya (Vip, 1.6.14). in some piaces, due to samprasarana, the va of the prefix ava becomes u and finally by internal contraction between a and u the resultant becomes o, and again since this o is placed before a conjunct consonant, automaticaly it becomes u as its short form. For example-avasthivya> utthubhitta, (Na 1.1.161), utthubhetta (Bh. 15.141). u also becomes short before a conjuct consonant, e.g. urdhva > uddha (found in all the canons), urdhava-kaka> uddhamkaya (Su. 1.5.34), urdhvajanu > uddhamjanu (Bh. 1.9, 5.85; Na 1.1.6; Uv. 1.4. etc.). * For Personal & Private Use Only --

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304: Anga Sahitya: Manana Aura Mimansa In the same way uddhamthanam, uddhampada, uddhamvaya. uddhagami and some words with this characters are found sporadically in the Amga literature. In the language of the Amga literature the o is derived from some other sources. Generally Sanskrit o is preserved as the same in Ardhamagadhi. But other sources are as the prefix ava, u and the diphthong au. Some examples are -avatirna ) oinna (Na 1.1.160), avakasa, okasa (Pan 9.9), avakirna >> okinna (Na, 1.5.25), avaskanda >okhamda (Pan 2.12). Likewise some words with the same charac- ; - teristic are found amply in the canons, such as Thanam, Nayadhammakaha, Vipak, Bhagavati, Uvasagadsa, Panhavagaranaim and Anuttaraupapatika etc. the words are - ogadha, ogadhaga, ogaha, ogahana, oggaha, oginhitta and so on. aus o, e.g. audarika) oraliya (Th. 2.155-160, Bh. 1.343, 2.12; Na 1.2.76, 1.8.180 etc.), aupagrahika ovaggahiya (Bh. 9.46; 68), aupamika) ovamiya (Bh. 6.132, 133), aupamya , ovamma(Th. 4.504, Bh. 5.93, Pan 1.22 etc.), aupapatika; ovavaiya (A. 1.2, 4, 118; Su 1.1.11; Bh 9.157; 13-107 etc.) aupasamika > ovasamiya (Bh. 14.81,13.16 etc.). Somewhere u becomes o, such as, utsanna osanna (Pan 1.29) utsannadosa > osanna dosa (Bh. 25.604), upasamya > osaniya (Su 1.4.6), usira, osira (Pan 10-18), upahata > ohaya(Bh. 3.126, 128; Na 1.1.34, 46, 48; Vip 12.14-27. etc.), upagsha.) ohara (Pan 1.12). In all cases regarding the changes of au and u to o is due to a regular phonetic changes occured in Ardhamagadhi and other Prakrits. Here, in above discussions the phonetic changes of vowels in individual are taken place. Besides these vowels, the phonetic changes of the vowels contracted with the consonant can also be found in the canonical literature. In linguistic point of view the phonetic changes of a vowel have so many reasons and aspects. The quantitative change of a vowel, i.e. shortening and lengthening of a vowel depends on accent. But somewhere the qualitative changes of a vowel take an important place. According to the very regular phonological behaviour the immidiate preceding long vowel of conjunet consonat becomes short and in the same way due to the compensatory lengthening a short vowel can be changed into a long one. In some For Personal & Private Use Only

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Prof. Sagaramal Jain & Dr. Suresh Sisodiya: 305 cases it is found that with a slight changing of a place of articulation, a vowel changes it form. Changing of palatal i into gutturo-palatal e or vise- versa is very popular in Ardhamagadhi and other Prakrits as well. The same can be found in the case of labial u and the labio-velar o. In Amga literature the reciprocal changes of the both are very sporadic. Very bold existence of eand o before a conjunct consonant cannot be over looked. But in such occasions it is to be noted that the unit of mesurement must be short. Sanskrit r. I. aiand au be in free or with a consonant, undergo changes by the phonetic rules of the Prakrit language. There are no exceptions of this rule in the Amga literature. Sanskrit /related to a consonant becomes ili in all cases. But very few examples are available in the canons. We find the development of rinto a. i, and wand initially into ri. But this system does not always happen in Ardhamagadhi. In very rare cases the initial ris changed into ri. Such an example is avajrarsabha-naracaa. Here in rsabha, the initial ris changed into ri, thus the word risaha is found in the canonical texts. Besides changing of ai and au into e and o respectively some times asand au become prevalent in Prakrit. Development of Single Consonants 2 . All the consonants of Prakrit have been used in the Ardhamagadhi of Amga canonical literature. No Single consonants without vowel are found as per normal phonetic rule admitted in prakrit. Similarly like other prakrits, the initial consonants in a word, in most cases, become unchanged. 1. In the Amga literature, the initial kot a word remains unchanged, except in few cases. Such as k, kh - kubja, khujja (Th. 6.31; Bh 14:81; Pan 1.37, Vip 1.9.35), khujjatta (A 2.54), khujja (Bh. 9.144, 146; 11.159; Na 1.1.82; Amta 3.58), Khujjiya (A. 6.8). There are some examples found in the Amga literature where k becomes g, such as, kuhara, guhara (Pan. 4.5), k>c; eg. Kirataputra >>cilaputta (Na. 1.18.62.1), Kirati cilai (Na.1.1.82), kiratika, cilai a (Bh. 9.144), kirata) cilaya (Na 1.18.6,8,11,12; Pan 1.21) In the aforesaid three cases, changing of kinto kh, g, and chas three different causes. It is due to accent that the kof kubja becomes aspirated and changes into kh. In case of k becoming g in guhara is For Personal & Private Use Only

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306: Anga Sahitya: Manana Aura Mimansa nothing but the anology with guha, so kuhara becomes guhara, the k of the word kirata becomes cdue to the infuence of ithe palatal vowel related with kand thus the word cilaya is formed. In prakrit no conjuct consonant is used in initial position of a word. So even in assimilation of a conjunct with k, only the single consonants kor kh remain, eg. krama , kama (Na 1.1.159, 178; 44.14; Pan 4.5), krita, kiya (A.8.21,22,23 : Su2.165; Th. 9.62; Sam 21.1; Bh 9.177), Similarly, kiyakada or kiyagada, Sanskrit equivalent kritakrta can be found. Sometimes the intervocalic k becomes elided, sometimes becomes gand sometimes remains unchanged. Hemacandra while formulating the sutra for Maharastri Prakrit (8.1.177) that intervocalic k, g, c, j, t, d, p, yand v are optionaly elided. This option shows the existence of those intervocalic consonants if these consonants suit for remain unchanged. In the Ardhamagadhi ay-srutia has an important place, though it is also regular in Maharastra. kbecoming gis a regular feature of Ardhamagadhi. It is nothing but the change of an unvoiced consonant to the voiced one. These features are very regular and popular in the Amga literature. . In the same way the other mutes undergo changes in Ardhamagadhi as well as the language of Amga canons. All these phonetic changes in Ardhamagadhi have nothing remarkable differences from that of Maharastri. So the features regarding elision or change of Sanskrit mutes in Maharastri are almost same in the language of the Amga canonical texts. So like Maharastri, in the canonical texts too, the changes of kh, gh, th, dh, bh into his quile regular. ch and jh remain unchanged, th and dh being intervocalic become dh in most of the cases. Some exampies are as follows -- kh-nakha (Bh 5.53, Na 1.4.24. Uv. 2.21, 28; Pan 10.18), elision of kh-maukhara, mohara (Th. 10.137. Pan 10.7), mekhala > mehala (Bh. 12.165; Na 1.16.185, pan. 4.4; 10.14, 15 etc.) sakha > saha (A-cu 1.96) ghe megha (Na. 1.5.12, 13; Pan 4.7), likewise meghamkara, (Th. 8.100.1), meghamalini (Th 8.100.1) elision of gh-megha, meha (Bh. 10.65). In most of the cases th becomes h rather than becoming unchanged. eg. maithuna> mehuna (Su 1.3.68, Sam 5.2, 6; Bh 1.286,384 etc), in some cases instead of For Personal & Private Use Only

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Prof. Sagaramal Jain & Dr. Suresh Sisodiya : 307 becoming h, th becomes dh through * th, e.g. prathama , * pathama, padhama. This is an example of cerebralisation. dh sometimes remains unchanged but in of the cases if becomes h. eg. sadhaka > sahaka (Pan 7.1: 1.8.236.1 etc). In the same way bh is also elided, thus, sabha> saha (A.cu.2.36; 3.47), svabhava , sahava (Na 1.9.54.4; Pan 2.8 etc.). The same development of Sanskrit nasal sounds are found in both the Maharashtri and the Ardhamagadhi of canonical texts. n and n being single, cannot exist in a word. They can assimilated with the consonants of their own groups (vargas). Although this feature is regular in Maharastri but in the Ardhamagadhi of the Amga literature, anusvara surpasses both the nasals. In the Ardhamagadhi both dental nand cerebral n are used initially but medially single n is used. m has no change in Ardhamagadhi, although Maharastri admits jauna, cauda, kauo etc. in place of m. Among the semivowels y,r./and v, the features of initial y is rather peculiar. In Maharastri it becomes ; in the same position, but in Ardhamagadhi it becomes elided and a remains. eg. Yathartha) ahariha, yathasruta, ahasuya, yathavakasa > ahavagasa, yathasatyo > ahasacca etc. Sometimes r, due to the influence of Magadhi becomes : 1. This is the common feature in Maharastri too. Out of three sibilants mains in Ardhama as well as in the canon. . A 1 Srom + AS ll as in the texts Of Amga References: 1. A Hand Book of Sanskrit Philology-S.R. Banerjee. . . Amga Suttani--Jain Vishva Bharati Publication. 3. An introduction to Ardnamagadni-A.. Ghatage. 4. An Introducton to Prakrit-A.C. Woolner. 5. Acaramga Bhasya-Acarya Mahaprajna 6. Acaramga Sutra--W. Schubring 7. Bhagavati (Bhasya)-Acarya Mahaprajna '8. The Doctrine of the Jainas-W. Schubring. 9. The Eastern School of Prakrit Grammarians-S.R. . Banerjee. For Personal & Private Use Only

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308:Anga Sahitya: Manana Aura Mimansa 10. G.rammatik Der Prakrit Sprachen-R. Pischel. 11. Historical Grammar of Apabharamsa-G.V. Tagare. 12. History of Indian Literature (Vol. 11)--M. winternitz. 13. History of Jain Canonical Literature-H.R. Kapadia. 14. Jaina Sutras (Vol. 2 2.45)-H. Jacobi 15. Outline of the Religious Literature-J.N. Farquhar. 16. Prakrit Language-S.M. Katre. . . 17. Prakrit Sahitya Ka itihasa-J.C. Jain 18. Siddha Hema Sabdanusasana--P.L. Vaidya (Ed.) 19. Uvasagadasao-P.L. Vaidya Associate Professor Department of Prakrit and Jain Agam Jain Vishva Bharati Institute Ladnun-341 306 (Rajasthan) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMsthAna - paricaya Agama, ahiMsA - samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma.sA. ke varSa 1981 ke udayapura varSAvAsa kI smRti meM janavarI 1983 meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya jainavidyA evaM prAkRta ke vidvAna taiyAra karanA, aprakAzita jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana karanA, jainavidyA meM rUci rakhane vAle vidyArthiyoM ko adhyayana kI suvidhA pradAna karanA, jaina saMskRti kI surakSA ke lie jaina AcAra, darzana aura itihAsa para vaijJAnika dRSTi se grantha taiyAra kara prakAzita karavAnA evaM jainavidyA-prasAra kI dRSTi se saMgoSThiyA~, bhASaNa, samAroha Adi Ayojita karanA hai| yaha saMsthAna zrI a. bhA. sA. jaina saMgha, bIkAnera kI eka mukhya pravRtti hai| saMsthAna rAjasthAna sosAyaTIja ekTa 1958 ke antargata rajisTarDa hai evaM saMsthAna ko anudAna rUpa meM dI gayI dhanarAzi para Ayakara adhiniyama kI dhArA 80(G) aura 12 (A) ke antargata chUTa prApta hai| ____ jainadharma aura saMskRti ke ina punIta kArya meM Apa isa prakAra sahabhAgI bana sakate haiM :(1) vyakti yA saMsthAna eka lAkha rUpayA yA isase adhika dekara parama saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate haiM / aise sadasyoM ke nAma anudAna tithi krama se saMsthAna ke leTarapaiDa para darzAye jAte haiN| (2) 51, 000/- rUpaye dekara saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate hai| (3) 25, 000/- rUpaye dekara hitaiSI sadasya bana sakate hai| (4) 11, 000/- rUpaye dekara sahAyaka sadasya bana sakate hai| (5) 1000/- rUpaye dekara sAdhAraNa sadasya bana sakate haiN| (6) saMdha, TrasTa, borDa, sosAyaTI Adi jo saMsthA eka sAtha 20,000/- rUpaye kA anudAna pradAna karatI hai vaha saMsthA saMsthAna-pariSad kI saMsthA sadasya hogii| (7) apane bujurgoM kI smRti meM bhavana nirmANa hetu va anya Avazyaka yaMtrAdi hetu anudAna dekara Apa isakI sahAyatA kara sakate haiN| (8) apane ghara para par3I prAcIna pAMDulipiyA~, Agama-sAhitya va anya upayogI sAhitya pradAna kara sakate haiN| ApakA sahayoga jJAna-sAdhanA ke ratha ko pragati ke patha para agrasara kregaa| For Personal & Private Use Only www.jain