Acharanga ka Nitishastriya Adhyayana

Author(s): Priyadarshanshreeji
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002111/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA 80 pradhAna sampAdaka mo0 sAgaramala jaina 9849 AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana lekhikA sAdhvI ( DaoN0 ) priyadarzanAzrI saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 PARSVANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI-STY For Private & Bersenal Use Only Ga

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pAzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA -80 pradhAna sampAdaka: pro0 sAgaramala jaina AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana lekhikA: sAdhvI (DaoN0) priyadarzanAzrI prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-221005 sahayogI prakAzaka rAja-rAjendra prakAzana TrasTa hAthIkhAnA, ahamadAbAda-1

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pustaka : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana lekhikA : sAdhvI (DaoN0) priyadarzanAzrI prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa karauMdI, po0-bI0 eca0 ya0 vArANasI-221005 dUrabhASa : 311462 phaiksa : 0542-311462 sahayogI prakAzaka rAja-rAjendra prakAzana TrasTa, hAthIkhAnA, ahamadAbAda-380001 ( gujarAta) prathama saMskaraNa : 1995 mUlya : rupaye-80 mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya javAharanagara, vArANasI-10 Book : by : Publisher : Acaranga Ka Nitisastriya Adhyayana Sadhvi (Dr.) Priyadarshana shri Parsvanatha Vidyapitba I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, P.0.-B.H.U. Varanasi-221005 Phone - 311462 FAX.0542-311462 Published in Collaboration with Raj-Rajendra Prakashan Trust, Hathikhana, Ahmedabad-380001 ( Gujrat) First Edition : 1995 Price : Rs. 80.00 Printed at : Vardhaman Press Jawabara Nagar - Varanasi - 10

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prakAzakIya jaina Agama sAhitya meM AcArAMga prAcInatama grantha hai / vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla upadeza surakSita haiM AcArAMga kA varNya viSaya sAmAnyatayA jaina AcAra aura vizeSatayA jaina muni AcAra hai / yadyapi AcArAMga ke sambandha meM kucha svatantra grantha prakAzita hue haiM, kintu isakA pAzcAtya nItizAstra ke pariprekSya meM tulanAtmaka aura samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nahIM ho pAyA thA / sambhavataH yaha prathama grantha hai jisameM pAzcAtya nItizAstra ke siddhAntoM ke pariprekSya meM AcArAMga ko nItizAstrIya mAnyatAoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi pAzcAtya nItizAstra ke sandarbha meM jaina nItizAstra kA vyApaka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isake pUrva DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne kiyA hai kintu unhoMne apane adhyayana kA AdhAra sampUrNa prAcIna jaina sAhitya ko banAyA hai / sAdhvo zrI priyadarzanA jI kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne AcArAMga ko hI AdhAra banAkara usako pAzcAtya nItizAstrIya dRSTi se samIkSA kI hai / isa dRSTi se yaha grantha eka navIna vidhA se likhA gayA hai aura AcArAMga ke nItizAstra ke sambandha meM prathama prAmANika grantha kahA jA sakatA hai / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke lie yaha saubhAgya kA viSaya hai ki sAdhvIzrI ne pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke parisara meM rahakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke sAnnidhya meM isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ko pUrNa kiyA thA jisapara unheM, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA se pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta huI hai / yadyapi yaha grantha kAphI pahale hI prakAzita ho jAnA cAhie thA kintu kucha aparihArya kAraNoM se isameM vilamba hotA gayA / yaha AcArya pravara jayantasenasUri jI ma0 sA0 kI kRpA kA hI pratiphala hai ki unhoMne hameM isake prakAzana ke lie na kevala prerita kiyA apitu isake lie 2100 rupaye kA Arthika sahayoga zrI rAjendra sUrIzvara jaina TrasTa, madrAsa dvArA vidyAzrama ko dilvaayaa| hama AcAryazrI jI evaM sAdhvIzrI jI ke atyanta AbhArI haiM ki unakI preraNA, prayatna aura puruSArthaM ke pariNAma svarUpa yaha grantha pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara rahe haiM /

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prastuta grantha ke dizA nirdezana evaM sampAdana ke lie DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ko tathA isake mudraNa sambandhI vyavasthAoM tathA prUpha saMzodhana ke lie DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya evaM DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI ko hama hArdika dhanyavAda dete haiN| sAtha ho hama vartamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANaso ke bhI vizeSa AbhArI haiM jinhoMne alpa samaya meM isa grantha ko sundara DhaMga se mudrita kiyaa| zarada pUrNimA bhavadIya 8 akTUbara, 1995 bhUpendranAtha jaina vaaraannsii| maMtrI

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lekhakIya AcArAMga jaina Agama sAhitya kA prAcInatama grantha hai| usake nAma se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha mUlataH AcAra kA grantha hai / sambhavataH jaina AcAra ke prAcInatama rUpa kA pratipAdana karanevAlA anya koI grantha nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi AcArAMga para bhASA evaM sAhityika dRSTi se aura kisI sImA taka usakI viSaya vastu kA adhyayana huA hai parantu usake AcAra pakSa kA Adhunika nItizAstrIya sandarbha meM adhyayana nahIM ho sakA thaa| isIlie maiMne ise apane adhyayana kA viSaya bnaayaa| prastuta grantha ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| jaina Agama sAhitya nAmaka prathama adhyayana AcArAMga ke sthAna evaM mahattva kA nirdhAraNa karate hue usakI bhASA, racanA evaM viSayavastu kA vivecana karatA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArAMga ke naitika darzana kI tAttvika pRSThabhUmi meM AtmA ke bandhana aura mukti ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM pAzcAtya nItizAstra kI maulika samasyAoM para AcArAMga kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai jisameM sApekSa aura nirapekSa naitikatA ke sAtha utsarga aura apavAda kI carcA karate hae nizcaya aura vyavahAra naitikatA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM pAzcAtya nItizAstra meM svIkRta naitika mAnadaNDoM ke sandarbha meM AcArAMga ke dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karate hue vidhAnavAda, sukhavAda, buddhiparatAvAda evaM pUrNatAvAda ke siddhAnta kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| paMcama adhyAya AcArAMga ke naitika manovijJAna ko evaM SaSTha adhyAya AcArAMga kI sAdhanA paddhati ko prastuta karatA hai| saptama adhyAya paMca mahAvratoM kA vivecana karatA hai aura AThaveM evaM antima adhyAya meM zramaNAcAra kI vizada vivecanA kI gaI hai| ___AcArAMga ke isa nItizAstrIya adhyayana meM maiMne AcArAMga ke sAtha tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane ke lie paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya AcAra darzanoM ke grantha kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai tathA kisI sImA taka pAzcAtya AcAra darzana kI vivecana paddhati ko bhI apanAyA hai aura isa prakAra AcArAMga ke nItizAstra ke saiddhAntika evaM vyAvahArika donoM hI pakSoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai|

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isa grantha ko mUrta rUpa dene meM jina AcAryoM, gurujanoM evaM vidvadjanoM kA sahayoga rahA hai usake liye unake prati AbhAra pradarzita karanA merA kartavya hai| isa grantha ke saphala lekhana ke liye sarvaprathama maiM adhyAtmayogI zrImad vijayarAjendrasUrijo ma0 sA0 kI kRtajJa hU~ jinakI kRpA se hI yaha kArya sampanna ho sakA hai| mere jIvana kI dizA-nirdezikA paramapUjyA guru zrIhetazrIjI ma0 sA0 evaM zrImuktizrIjI ma. sA. ke prati bhI maiM apanA AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinhoMne mujhe adhyayana evaM lekhana ke liye satata prerita kiyA hai| pUjyA zrImahAprabhAzrIjI ma. sA. [ dAdIjI ] ko anukampA evaM sahayoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI maiM Aja ise pUrNa kara sakI hai| ataH unheM smaraNa karanA bhI maiM nahIM bhUla sktii| tatpazcAt mArgadarzana denevAle gurujanoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana karanA bhI maiM apanA kartavya samajhatI haiN| bI0 e0 (prathama khaNDa ) se lekara Ajataka DA0 akhileza kumAra rAya dvArA prApta saphala nirdezana, satata protsAhana evaM nirantara preraNA kA vismaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa adhyayana ke kSetra meM maiM pragatipatha para agrasarita hii| unake dvArA prApta sahayoga ko jIvana meM kabhI bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke nidezaka DaoN. sAgaramalajo jaina ke prati maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinakA saphala nirdezana evaM sahayoga nirantara prApta hotA rahA hai| udAra vyaktitva ke dhanI DaoN0 jaina ne isa grantha ko pUrNa karane hetu pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM jo-jo suvidhAeM pradAna kI, usake lie maiM unakI bahuta AbhArI huuN| isa zodha-prabandha ko pUrNa karane meM unakA amUlya yogadAna rahA hai| maiM niHsaMkoca yaha svIkAra kara sakatI haiM ki DaoN. jaina ke sahayoga evaM unako kRti jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga-1 aura bhAga-2 ke AdhAra ke abhAva meM yaha grantha pUrNa honA asambhava-sA thaa| vastutaH DaoN0 jaina kI preraNA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kA vizAla pustakAlaya evaM zAnta vAtAvaraNa isa lakSya kI prApti meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka siddha hue haiM / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pravaktA DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya evaM zodhasahAyaka DaoN. jayakRSNa tripAThI ne prastuta grantha ke saMpAdana, prapha-saMzodhana evaM mudraNa sambandhI sabhI vyavasthAoM

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-7 ko sampanna kiyA, etadartha meM ina sabake prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| anta meM maiM una sabhI saMsthAoM evaM mahAnubhAvoM ke prati bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinakA yogadAna pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se isa grantha ke praNayana meM prApta huA hai| saMvatsarI mahAparva sAdhvI priyadarzanA 30 agasta, 1995

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viSaya-sUcI prAkkathana pRSTha saMkhyA prathama adhyAya : AcArAMga kA svarUpa evaM viSayavastu 1-21 jaina Agama sAhitya-1, Agama sAhitya meM AcArAMga kA sthAna-2, AcArAMga kI bhASA-4, AcArAMga kI zailI-6, AcArAMga ke racayitA-7, AcArAMga kI viSaya vastu-9, prathama zrutaskaMdha-10, prathama adhyayana (zastra parijJA )-10, dvitIya adhyayana (loka vijaya )11, tRtIya adhyayana (zItoSNIya )-12, caturtha adhyayana (samyaktva )-12, pA~cavA~ adhyayana ( lokasAra )-13, chaThavA~ adhyayana (dhUta )-13, sAtavA~ adhyayana (mahAparijJA)-14, AThavA~ adhyayana (vimokSa)-14, navA~ adhyayana ( upadhAnazruta)-15, dvitIya zrutaskaMdha-16, dasavA~ adhyayana-piNDaiSaNA (AhAra )-16, gyArahavA~ adhyayana-zayyaiSaNA ( vasatI)16, bArahavA~adhyayana-iSaNA (gamanAgamana )-16, terahavA~ adhyayana-bhASaiSaNA (sambhASaNa )-16, caudahavA~ adhyayana (vastraiSaNA)-17, pandrahavA~ adhyayana (pAtraiSaNA). solahavA~ adhyayana-avagrahaiSaNA ( AjJA yAcanA )-17, satrahavA~ adhyayana (sthAna)-17, aThArahavA~ adhyayana ( svAdhyAya )-17, unnIsavA~ adhyayana-uccAra-prazravaNa ( malamUtra-visarjana )-17, bosavA~ adhyayana ( zabda )-18, ikkIsavA~ adhyayana ( rUpa )-18, bAIsavAM adhyayana ( parakriyA )-18, teIsavA~ adhyayana ( anyonya kriyA )-18, caubIsavA~ adhyayana (tRtIya cUlA) bhAvanA-18, paccIsavA~ adhyayana ( caturtha cUlA) vimukti-18, sandarbha sUcI 18-21 / dvitIya adhyAya : AcArAMga meM naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 22-46 naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra-22, pAzcAtya darzana

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meM naitikatA kI pUrva mAnyatAeM-23, bhAratIya darzana meM naitika mAnyatAeM-23, jaina darzana meM naitikatA kI pUrva mAnyatAeM--3, AcArAMga meM naitikatA kI pUrva mAnya tAeM-23, AtmA kA svarUpa-24, AtmA kA kartRtvabhoktRtva-26, muktAtmA kA bhAvAtmaka svarUpa-27, niSedha mukhena AtmA kA svarUpa-27, anirvacanoya svarUpa-28, AtmA kI amaratA-28, punarjanma siddhAMta29, AtmA kI amaratA aura punarjanma-30, AtmasvAtantrya evaM puruSArthavAda-32, karma bandhana aura duHkha kA hetu-65, karma kA svarUpa-37, Asrava-38, bandha-38, bandhana se mukti ke upAya-39, bandhana se mukti kI prakriyA-40,. saMvara-40, nirjarA-41, mokSa-sandarbha-41, sUcI-42 / / tRtIya adhyAya : naitikatA ko maulika samasyAeM aura AcArAMga 47-79 sApekSa aura nirapekSa naitikatA-47, nIti kI sApekSatA kA prazna aura AcArAMga-47, nirapekSa naitikatA aura AcArAMga-50, AcArAMga meM utsarga aura apavAda mArga-52, mahAvatoM ke apavAdaH AcArAMga ke sandarbha meM-52, kartavyAkartavya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra-56, naitikatA ke do rUpa-Antara aura bAhya-58, AcArAMga meM naizcayika naitikatA-60, AcArAMga meM vyAvahArika naitikatA-64, nizcaya aura vyavahAra dharmaH kauna adhika mUlyavAna-67, vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika naitikatA-71, vaiyaktika naitikatA aura AcArAMga-71, sAmAjika naitikatA aura AcArAMga-73, sandarbha suucii-74| caturtha adhyAya : naitika pramApaka aura AcArAMga 80-120 naitika pramApaka-siddhAMta-bAhya niyama-80, Antarika niyama-80, sAdhya yA uddezyamUlaka niyama-80, vidhAnavAda aura AcArAMga-81, vidhAnavAdI siddhAMta ke prakAra-82, jAtIya vidhAnavAda-82, sAmAjika

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-10. vidhAnavAda-82, vaidhAnika vidhAnavAda-83, dhArmika vidhAnavAda-84, bAhya vidhAnavAda kI samIkSA-87, vikAsavAda aura AcArAMga-89, AtmasaMrakSaNa kI pravRtti-90, pariveza se anurUpatA-91, vikAsa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka honA-92, jIvana kI lambAIcaur3AI-92, sukhavAda aura AcArAMga-93, sukhavAdI paramparA-93, manovaijJAnika sukhavAda aura AcArAMga-94, naitika sukhavAda aura AcArAMga-95, buddhiparatAvAda aura AcArAMga-100, sArvabhaumavidhAna sUtra-101, prakRtividhAna kA sUtra-102, svayaMsAdhya kA sUtra-103, svatantratA kA sUtra-104, sAdhyoM ke rAjya kA sUtra-105, kANTa aura AcArAMga-105, Atma pUrNatAvAda aura AcArAMga-108, sandarbha-sUcI-116 / paMcama adhyAya : AcArAMga kA naitika manovijJAna 121-149 manovijJAna aura AcAra zAstra kA sambandha-121, bandhana ke kAraNa-121, rAga-dveSa aura moha-121, mUla kAraNa-122, kaSAya-123, kaSAyoM kI pArasparika sApekSatA-124, kaSAya-visarjana kA manovaijJAnika upAya-126, lezyA-128, indriya-nigraha ( saMyama) 129, damana kI manovaijJAnikatA-132, AcArAMga ke anusAra manonigraha se tAtparya evaM damana ke duSpariNAma-137, mAnasika zuddhIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi-143, sndrbh-suucii| SaSTha adhyAya : AcArAMga kA muktimArga 150-167 AcArAMga meM samyagdarzana zabda kA prayoga evaM usake paryAyavAcI-152, samyagdarzana-vibhinna artha meM-152, sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra-samyagdarzana-156, samyakajJAna-160, satya prApti kI khoja kA prathama caraNasandeha (jijJAsA )-161, samyak jJAna (rAiTa nAleja ) kA artha-163, samyak-cAritra-164, sandarbha sUcI-165 /

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- 11 - saptama adhyAya : paMca mahAvratoM kA naitika darzana 168 - 201 ahiMsA kI sArvabhaumikatA yA prAthamikatA- 168, AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA - 168, vibhinna dharmoM meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA - 170, hiMsA kA artha- 171, hiMsA ke rUpa dravya aura bhAva - 172, hisA ke vibhinna kAraNa- 176, hiMsA ke vividha rUpa - 177, apakAya kI hiMsA-177, agnikAya kI hiMsA 178, vAyukAya kI hiMsA - 178, vanaspatikAya kI hiMsA - 178, trasakAya kI hiMsA - 179, hiMsA ke prakAra - 179, hiMsA ke pariNAma- 180, ahiMsA mahAvrata - paribhASA evaM svarUpa180, gupti - 182, samiti - 183, ahiMsA kI naitika evaM manovaijJAnika AdhAra kI bhUmikA - 186, satya mahAvrata - 189, asteyavrata - 191, brahmacarya - 192, aparigraha mahAvrata - 195, mahAvratoM kI mahattA evaM upAde - yatA - 197, sandarbhasUcI - 198 / aSTama adhyAya : zramaNAcAra sadAcAra kA mahattva, zramaNa - 202, kI vyAkhyA203, sAmAnya zramaNAcAra - 204, vizeSa zramaNAcAra205, pAMca mahAvrata aura unakI paccIsa bhAvanAeM205, pAMca samitiyA~ - 208, IrSyA samiti - 208, bhASA samiti - 213, eSaNA samiti - 216, sadoSa AhAra216, AhAra kI grAhyatA - agrAhyatA - 218, vanaspatipatra, puSpa evaM phala kI grAhyatA - 219, bhikSA hetu gamana - 219, bhikSA ke lie ayogya evaM yogya kula- 220, gRhastha ke ghara bhikSA hetu na jAne ke avasara - 220, bhikSA hetu niSiddha mArga- 220, ayogya sthAna, sakhaMDa meM jAne ke niSiddhasthAna - 222, saMkhaDi bhojana se hAniyA~ - 223, bAhara jAte samaya kI maryAdA224, pazcAt evaM pUrva karma doSayukta AhAra kA niSedha - 225, adhika AhAra A jAne para kyA karanA cAhie - 225, pAnI - 225, pAnI kI sadoSatA evaM nirdopatA - 225, sAta-sAta pratimAoM ke sAtha AhAra-pAnI 202-281

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1 - 12 - kI gaveSaNA - 226, pratimAdhArI muni kA anya ke sAtha bartAva 227, AhAra-pAnI meM samabhAva vRtti-227 / vastra-228, pAtra- 231, zayyaiSaNA- 232, yogya-ayogya ( zayyA saMstAraka ) - 237, pariSThApanikA samiti - 239, tInagupti - 241, manogupti - 242, vacanagupti - 242, kAya gupti - 242, bAraha bhAvanAyeM 243, dazavidha muni dharma - 244, avagraha yAcanA kI vidhi 245, pA~ca prakAra ke avagraha - 247, indriyanigraha - 248, cikitsA parihAra - 250, anyonya kriyA rUpa AcAra 250, cAturmAsa evaM mAsa samvandhI kalpa - 251, vizeSa zramaNAcAra - 253, tapazcaryA - 253, tapa ke bheda - 253, bAhyatapa-254, anazana - 254, avamaudaryaM ( uNodarI ) 255, bhikSAcarI yA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa- 255, rasaparityAga - 256, kAyaklezatapa- 256 / pratisaMlInatA yA viviktazayyAsana - 257, Abhyantara tapa-258, prAyazcitta - 258, vinaya - 258, vaiyAvRtya- 258, svAdhyAya-259, dhyAna-259, vyutsargaM yA kAyotsarga - 259, kAyotsarga ke cAra abhigraha - 260, parISaha - 260, samAdhimaraNa bhI eka kalA hai - 262, saMlekhanA kA mahattva - 263, saMlekhanA kA artha va svarUpa - 264, saMlekhanA kA samaya - 264, saMlekhanAvidhi - 265, samAdhi - maraNa ke prakAra-267, bhaktapratyAkhyAna - 268, itvarika anazana - 270, pAdopagamana anazana zarIra vimokSa ke sandarbha meM - 272 sthAna vidhi evaM mahatva - 273, vizeSa AcAra, 274, saMlekhanA AtmaghAta nahIM hai - 275, sandarbha sUcI - 275, upasaMhAra sahAyaka grantha-sUcI For Private-& Personal Use Only 282 289

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu jaina Agama sAhitya : ____ hindU dharma meM veda kA, bauddha dharma meM tripiTaka kA, IsAI dharma meM bAibila kA, islAma dharma meM kurAna kA tathA pArasI dharma meM avestA kA jo sthAna hai, vahI jainadharma meM aMga Agama ( gaNipiTaka ) kA hai| aMga Agama bAraha granthoM meM vibhakta hone se ise dvAdazAMga Agama bhI kahate haiN| ina dvAdaza aMgoM meM AcArAMga sarvaprathama hai| vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI evaM vicAroM kA pratinidhi grantha hai| sampUrNa jainavAGmaya cAra anuyogoM meM vargIkRta hai| cAra anuyoga isa prakAra haiM (1) dravyAnuyoga-isa anuyoga meM tAttvika, dArzanika aura karmasiddhAnta viSayaka grantha Ate haiN| (2) gaNitAnuyoga-isa anuyoga meM bhUgola, gaNita, jyotiSa Adi viSayaka grantha Ate haiN| (3) dharmakathAnuyoga-isa anuyoga meM AkhyAnAtmaka arthAt kalAsAhitya AtA hai / ise prathamAnuyoga bhI kahate haiN| (4) caraNakaraNAnuyoga-isa anuyoga meM gRhastha aura muniyoM ke AcAra sambandhI arthAt zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra viSayaka grantha Ate haiN| Agama sAhitya meM adhyAtma ke sAtha-sAtha vividha viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai, yathA-jIvavijJAna, jyotiSa-gaNita, Ayurveda, bhUgola-khagola, zilpa-saMgIta, svapna-vijJAna Adi / isa prakAra jainAgama zrutajJAna kI eka vizAla evaM apUrva nidhi hai / Apta vacana ko Agama kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM rAga-dveSa ke vijetA ko jina kahA gayA hai ( rAga-dveSAnzana jayatIti jinaH) / jainAgama jina yA sarvajJa kI vANI ke pratinidhi haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki kyA jainAgama jina (tIrthakara ) ke sAkSAt upadeza haiM ? athavA unhoMne hI inheM zabdabaddha kiyA hai ? tIrthaMkara artha ke praNetA haiM / ve kevala bhUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA upadeza karate haiN| gaNadhara unake upadezoM ko sunakara grantha baddha karate haiN| isa prakAra zabda rUpa se AgamoM ke

Page #15
2: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana racayitA gaNadhara kahe jAte haiN| AcArya devavAcaka ke jainAgamoM ko tIrthaMkara praNIta kahane kA bhAva yaho hai ki artha rUpa se AgamoM ke praNetA ahaMt ( tIrthaMkara ) haiN| Agama sAhitya kI prAmANikatA isI se siddha hai ki ve vItarAga tIrthaMkara kI vANI haiM / jaina paramparA meM dvAdazAMgI ke atirikta anya aMgabAhya zAstra bhI Agama ke samAna hI mAnya haiM, yadyapi ve gaNadhara kRta nahIM haiM, ve sthavirakRta kahe jAte haiM-vizeSAvazyakabhASya, bahatkalpabhASya evaM tattvArthabhASya meM ullekha hai ki gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiM aura zeSa AgamoM kI racanA sthavira AcArya karate haiM / gaNadharakRta sAhitya aMgapraviSTa aura sthavirakRta sAhitya aMgabAhya kahalAtA hai| AcArya malagiri ke anusAra gaNadharoM ke dvArA tattva jijJAsA prastuta karane para tIrthaMkara 'tripadI' kA pravacana karate haiN| isa 'tripadI' ke AdhAra para jina AgamoM kI racanA gaNadharoM dvArA kI jAtI hai ve aMgapraviSTa haiM aura upAMga Adi zeSa sthavirakRta grantha aMgabAhya haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA diyA gayA upadeza pracalita AgamoM meM saMkalita hai| ye ho Agama grantha jainadharma ke mUla AdhAra haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA paiMtAlIsa Agama granthoM ko pramANabhUta mAnatI hai tathA zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI paramparA aura zvetAmbara terApaMthI paramparA gyAraha aMga, bAraha upAMga, cAra mUla sUtra, cAra cheda stra aura eka Avazyaka satra-isa prakAra battIsa AgamoM ko pramANabhUta mAnatI haiM zeSa AgamoM ko nahIM / dUsarI ora digambara paramparA meM ukta Agama sAhitya mAnya nahIM haiN| digambara AmnAya ke anusAra sabhI Agama lupta ho cuke haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke dvArA mAnya paiMtAlIsa Agama chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM-gyAraha aMga, bAraha upAMga, dasa prakIrNaka, chaH cheda sUtra, cAra mUla sUtra aura do cUlikA sUtra / Aja bhI yaha vizAla jJAna-koza paiMtAlIsa AgamoM ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| Agama sAhitya meM AcArAGga kA sthAna : aMgapraviSTa athavA gaNipiTaka (dvAdazAMgI) sAhitya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nikaTatama ziSya gaNadhara dvArA racita hone ke kAraNa sarvAdhika maulika evaM prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai / isameM AcArAGga kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai / 'AcArAGga' zabda do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai-AcAra-aMga /

Page #16
AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 3 isakA mUlArtha hai AcAra kA grantha / nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki yaha 'AcAra' ke vibhinna aMgoM kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA mUlabhUta grantha hai / bhAratIya cintana kA mUla kendra 'AcAra' hai / 'AcAra' yA 'cAritra' saMskRti aura samAja kA prANa hai / vahI sAdhanA aura sAdhya hai / 'AcAra' se bar3hakara koI dharma nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai ki 'AcAraH prathamo dhrmH'|' vizva ke samasta dharmazAstra eka taraha se AcArazAstra haiN| isIlie jaina sAhitya meM AcArAGga ko sarvopari sthAna prApta hai| vastutaH jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM 'AcAra' kI mahattA nirvivAda hai / kahA gayA hai AcArAllabhate AyuH AcArAdIpsitAH prjaaH| AcArAllabhate khyAtiH, AcArAllabhate dhanam // Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti bahuzruta ho, parantu AcAra rahita ho to usakA jJAna kisa kAma kA ? vaha ajJAnI hI hai| AcArahIna jJAnI zAstra kA bhAravAhaka hI hai| jaise-candana kA bhAra vahana karane vAlA gadhA kevala bhAra hI DhotA hai, usI prakAra AcAra-hIna jJAnI bhI zAstra ke bhAra kA vAhaka hotA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jJAna kA mahattva AcaraNa meM hai / jJAnI hone kA sAra sadAcArI honA hai| __jainAcAryoM kA spaSTa kathana hai ki 'AcAra' mukti kA mUla hai aura mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hone se sampUrNa pravacana kI AdhAra zilA hai| ____ Agama sAhitya ke cUrNikAroM" evaM vRttikAroM ne spaSTa likhA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne sarvaprathama 'AcAra' kA hI upadeza diyA hai| saMgha kI sthApanA yA tIrtha pravartana ke lie sarvaprathama AcAra-sambandhI vyavasthA kA honA ati Avazyaka hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kA kathana hai ki 'AcArAGga mokSa ke avyAbAdha sukha kI prApti kA mUla aura sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA sAra hai|'13 vaha mukti-mahala meM praveza karane kA bhavya-dvAra hai| AcArAja ke adhyayana ke bAda hI zramaNa-dharma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajhA jA sakatA hai aura 'gaNi' banane ke lie bhI sarvaprathama 'AcAra' kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| 14 itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne AcArAGga ko bhagavAna ke pada para adhiSThita kara diyA hai|15 nizIthakAra kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki AcArAGga kA adhyayana karane ke bAda hI sAdhaka anya zAstroM ke adhyayana kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| yadi vaha AcArAGga kA adhyayana kie binA hI anya Agama sAhitya ko par3hatA hai to use cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| 'AcAra' sampUrNa jina-pravacanakA sAra hone se

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4 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana isakA satata cintana-manana karanA aura use AcaraNa meM utAranA bhikSu ke lie anivArya hai / vyavahArasUtra meM kahA hai ki taruNa-yuvA yA vRddha sabhI bhikSuoM ke lie isakA svAdhyAya karanA anivArya hai| yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki sthavira, rogI athavA azakta muni ko bhI leTe-leTe isakA svAdhyAya karate rahanA cAhie / 17 niSkarSa yaha hai ki anukUla pratikUla sabhI paristhitiyoM meM AcArAGga kA svAdhyAya karanA muni kA prathama kartavya hai, kyoMki sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra AcAra hI hai| AcArAGga jitanA sarala, sugama evaM subodha hai utanA hI gahanagambhIra hai| usakI artha-sRSTi jitanI virATa hai zabda sRSTi utanI hI saMkSipta hai| yaha kahA jAya ki usake pratyeka zabda-bindu meM artha-sindhu samAyA huA hai to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| ukta vivecana se yaha to nirvivAda siddha hai ki Agama-sAhitya meM AcArAGga kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai, kintu vaha racanA kI apekSA se prathama hai yA sthApanA kI apekSA se? isa sambandha meM AcAryoM meM matavaibhinnya hai| AcArAGga ke niyuktikAra, cUrNikAra' evaM vRttikAra20 isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki sabhI tIrthaMkara tortha-pravartana karate samaya sarvaprathama AcArAGga ke artha (viSayavastu ) kA hI pravacana karate haiM, usake bAda zeSa aMgoM kA artha kahate haiM aura gaNadhara usI krama se sUtra-racanA karate haiN| dUsarI ora nandIsUtra kI cUNi evaM vRtti meM ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkara tIrtha-pravartana karate samaya sarvaprathama pUrvagata sUtroM ke artha kA pratipAdana karate haiM / yadyapi gaNadhara AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga Adi krama se grantha racanA karate haiN| isa prakAra pravacana ( artha ) kI dRSTi se 'pUrva' ( bArahave aMga ) kA nirUpaNa krama prathama hai kintu sUtra-racanA kI dRSTi se AcArAGga kA krama prathama hai / 21 samavAyAMgavRtti meM abhayadeva sUri ne eka tIsarA mata vyakta kiyA hai| unake anusAra pravacana ( artha ) aura racanA donoM hI dRSTi se pahale 'pUrva' hai / yadyapi sthApanA kI dRSTi se AcArAGga sUtra prathama hai| ___ ina vibhinna matoM ke bAvajUda itanA to niHsandeha hai ki sampUrNa jainAgama sAhitya meM AcArAMga kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| AcArAGga ko bhASA: bhAvoM athavA vicAroM kI abhivyakti ke lie bhASA anivArya

Page #18
ocArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 5 binA vicAroM yA bhAvoM ko dUsaroM bhASA yA zabdoM ke dvArA hI manuSya sAdhana hai| zabda athavA bhASA ke taka pahu~cAnA lagabhaga asambhava hai / kAlAtIta vicAroM ke vAtAvaraNa meM praveza karatA hai / mahAvIra ne lokabhASA ardhamAgadhI meM ho upadeza diyA / vaha bhASA magadha ke Adhe bhAga meM bolI jAtI thI, ataH use ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA hai / yaha prAkRta bhASA kA hI eka rUpa thI / upalabdha jaina Agama - grantha arthamAgadhI bhASA meM haiM / DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra paiMtAlIsa Agama granthoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai / 22 ardhamAgadhI usa samaya kA loka bhASA thI aura vaha Arya bhASA kahalAtI thii| jaba-jaba bhASA ko vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM kasa diyA jAtA hai aura kliSTa, durUha zabdoM kA bAhulya ho jAtA hai, taba-taba vaha bhASA kevala vidvAnoM ko yA vivecana kI bhASA raha jAtI hai / isIlie janopakArI tIrthaMkaroM ne sadaiva jana-bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai tAki adhika se adhika loga dharma kA rahasya sugamatA pUrvaka samajha sake~ / samavAyAGgara aura aupapAtikasUtra 24 meM spaSTa ullekha milatA hai ki tIrthaMkara ardha-mAgadhI bhASA meM hI dharmopadeza ( pravacana ) karate haiM / ise devoM aura AryoM kI bhASA bhI kahA gayA hai / prajJApanA" ora bhagavatI 26 sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki deva aura Arya ardha-mAgadhI bhASA meM ho bolate haiM / ataH spaSTa hai ki yaha bhArata kI eka prAcInatama lokabhASA rahI hai / AcArAGgasUtra ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM racita hai / isameM ardhamAgadhI ke adhika prayoga milate haiN| yahAM yaha bhI ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki AcArAGgasUtra ke prathama evaM dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhASA meM paryApta antara pratIta hotA hai / prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA bahuta hI gaTho huI evaM sUtrAtmaka hai / usakA pratyeka pada apane Apa meM arthaMgAmbhIrya, padalAlitya evaM bhASA sauSThava ko lie hue hai / isameM prayukta pada, kriyApada, sarvanAma Adi ardha-mAgadhI ke prAcIna rUpa haiM aura ve dvitIya zrutaskandha kI apekSA adhika pramANabhUta haiM, jaise - prathama zrutaskandha 27 meM vartamAna, tRtIya puruSa, ekavacana parasmaipada 'ti' kA vizeSa prayoga huA hai jabaki dvitIya zrutaskandha" meM 'i' pratyaya kA prayoga / vAkya- vinyAsa kI dRSTi se bhI prathama zrutaskandha ke vAkya saMkSipta evaM sugama haiN| sAtha hI bhASA ke prayoga bar3e lAkSaNika evaM adbhuta haiM

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6 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yathA-'visottiyaM,' 'AmagaMdha' 'mahAsaDDhI', 'vasumaM, 'ahovihAra, 'dhuvavaNNo' aadi| isakI apekSA dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhASA zithila evaM vyAsa pradhAna hai / usake vAkya bhI mizra, lambe evaM alaMkArapUrNa haiM / isa taraha dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI bhASA prathama zru taskandha kI tulanA meM adhika vikasita hai| jainAgamoM kI bhASA meM parivartana kA eka mukhya kAraNa yaha rahA hai ki lipi dIrghakAla taka kaNThastha karane kI paramparA thii| bAda meM jaina Agama kA bahuta sA bhAga vismRta hone lagA taba usakA punaHsaMyojana ( vyavasthApana ) huaa| vIra ni0 saM0 980 ( matAntara se 993 ) meM ballabhIpura meM devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM AgamoM ko grantha baddha kiyA gyaa| tabhI Agama sAhitya kA nizcita rUpa sthira ho paayaa| itane lambe samaya taka maukhika rUpa meM rahane ke kAraNa samaya, paristhiti tathA uccAraNa vaibhinnya kA prabhAva A jAnA svAbhAvika hai| AcArAGga ko zailI: jaina Agama sAhitya meM gadya-padya aura campU ina tIna zailiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / AcArAGga meM gadya evaM padya donoM kA prayoga huA hai| dazavakAlika ke cUrNikAra ne AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko gadyavibhAga meM rakhA hai tathA usako zailI ko caurNapada mAnA hai| niyuktikAra3deg ke anusAra bhI AcArAGgasUtra gadya zailI ko nahIM apitu caurNa zailI kI racanA hai| ve kahate haiM ki arthabahala, mahArthahetu, nipAta, upasarga se gambhIra, bahapAda se virAma rahita Adi lakSaNoM se yukta zailI hI caurNapada hai| isa vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAGgasUtra eka viziSTa zailI kI racanA hai| usameM gadya kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se huA hai, kintu gadya bhI padya rUpa ho hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kI prathama do cUlikAe~ gadyamaya haiM / tRtIya cUlikA meM kucha aMza padya meM aura kucha aMza gadya meM hai| 'vimukti' nAmaka caturtha cUlikA sampUrNa padyamaya hai| ina padyoM meM upajAti chanda prayukta huA hai| prathama zru taskandha ke 'vimokSa' nAmaka AThaveM adhyayana kA AThavAM uddezaka padyamaya hai / 'upadhAnazru ta' nAmaka nauvAM adhyayana bhI padya meM hI hai| zeSa chaH adhyayanoM meM gadya ke sAtha kahIM padya kA sumela spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM to gadyabhAga ke madhya ekAdha padyAMza isa taraha sambaddha haiM ki unheM alaga karanA kaThina hai| upaniSadoM kI

Page #20
AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 7 bhAMti yaha gadyazailI prAcInatama hai / 31 isa prakAra AcArAGga kA pUrvArddha campUzailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| prathama zru taskandha kI zailI ko tulanA aitareyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad, bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, kRSNayajurveda Adi kI zailI se kI jA sakatI hai| AcArAGga ke jo padyAMza gadya ke sAtha mile hae haiM, ve veda evaM upaniSadoM ke sUktoM kI bhAMti geya haiM / ye sUkta bhI AcArAGga kI zailI kI prAcInatA ke paricAyaka haiN| ____DA0 zubiMga ke anusAra AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke padyoM kI tulanA boddha grantha suttanipAta ke padyoM se kI jA sakato hai| sAtha hI AcArAGga ke padya-AryA, upajAti, anuSTup Adi vaidika chandoM se milate julate haiN| saMkSepa meM hameM sUtra-zailo kI vizeSatA aura arthagAmbhIrya-donoM prathamazra ta skandha meM hI dikhAI dete haiN| isa prakAra viSaya, bhAva evaM bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se prathama zrutaskandha atiprAcIna aura dvitIya zrutaskandha apekSAkRta arvAcIna siddha hotA hai| pro0 yAkobI Adi sabhI vidvAn prAyaH isI mata se sahamata haiM / AcArAGga ke racayitA: __AcArAGga sUtra kA prArambha ho isase hotA hai-'suyaM me aausN| teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM' / he AyuSman ! maiMne sunA hai ki una bhagavAna ne yaha kahA hai| isa vacana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki koI tRtIya puruSa kaha rahA hai ki maiMne sunA hai ki bhagavAn ne aisA kahA thA arthAt isake mUla upadeSTA bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM / AcArAGga sUtra ke do vibhAga haiN| prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma 'AyAra' evaM 'sAmAyika' hai jo brahmacarya ke nAma se bhI prasiddha rahA hai| usameM nau adhyayana hone se use 'NavabaMbhacerabhaio' nava brahmacarya bhI kahA jAtA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kA aparanAma 'AcArAna' hai| jo cAra cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai aura ve cUlikAeM AcAra (prathamazrutaskandha ) kI pariziSTa rUpa haiN| yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki prathama zrataskandha meM ati saMkSipta rUpa se varNita AcAra kA hI dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vistArapUrvaka varNana huA hai| isakI puSTi nimnokta tathyoM se bhI hotI hai (1) AcArAGga ke prathama adhyayana 'zastra-parijJA' hiMsA ke parityAga rUpa jIva saMyama ke sambandha meM jo vicAra vyakta hue haiM unhIM ke

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8: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana AdhAra para dvitIya zrutaskandha meM pAMca mahAvratoM evaM unakI paccIsa bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (2) prathama zru taskandha ke dvitoya adhyayana ke pA~caveM uddezaka evaM aSTama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM jo bhikSAcaryA nirUpita hai usI ko dRSTigata rakhate hue dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ekAdazapiNDeSaNAoM kI vistRta vivecanA kI gayI hai / (3) prathama zrutaskandha-pA~caveM adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka 'gAmANugAmaM duhajjamANassa-' evaM 'jayavihAro cittaNivAtI-' sUtroM ke AdhAra para dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sampUrNa 'IryA' adhyayana kA vistAra kiyA gayA hai| (4) prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyayana ke pAMcaveM uddezaka 'Aikkhe vibhae kiTTe veyavI-' tathA AThaveM adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka 'aduvA vayagutti' sUtroM meM saMkSepa meM varNita bhASA samiti dvitIya zru taskandha ke 'bhASaNA' nAmaka adhyayana kA mUla hai / (5) prathama zrutaskandha-dvitIya adhyayana ke pAMcaveM uddezaka ke 'vatthaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM-' sUtra ko AdhAra mAnakara dvitIya zru taskandha meM 'vastraiSaNA' 'pAtraiSaNA', 'zayyaSaNA', 'avagraha-pratimA' Adi kA vivecana huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAdhanAvasthA kA varNana prathama zrutaskandha ke 'upadhAnazruta' nAmaka nauveM adhyayana meM hai| usI AdhAra para dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka pandrahaveM adhyayana ( tRtIyA cUlA ) meM unake jIvana vRtta kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki dvitIya zru taskandha, prathama zrutaskandha kA vistAra mAtra hai aura isIlie use cUlikA rUpa kahA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM AcArAGga niyuktikAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki dvitIya zru taskandha meM, prathama zrutaskandha meM varNita AcAra kA vistRta vivecana huA hai tathA ziSyoM ke hita kI dRSTi se usakI racanA kI gaI hai|32 ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki dvitIya zru taskandha ke racayitA bhI sthavira haiM / 33 jarmana vidvAn pro0 yAkobI bhI prathama zru taskandha ko hI maulika mAnate haiM / 34 AcArya AtmArAma jI ne AcArAGga kI bhUmikA meM dvitIya zruta skandha ko bhI prathama zru taskandha jitanA hI prAcIna evaM maulika mAnA hai / yahA~ adhika vivAda meM na jAkara kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu :9 ki yadi dvitIya zra taskandha, prathama zrutaskandha kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai to mUla hArdra kI dRSTi se vaha bhI usakA samakAlIna hai-cAhe zabda athavA vyAkhyA kI apekSA se paravartI ho / AcArAGgakI viSaya-vastu : jaina dharma kI jIvana sAdhanA paddhati AcAra-pradhAna hai| usake anusAra AcAra-vihIna jJAna-sampadA nirarthaka hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM mokSa prApti ke lie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra sAdhanA kA atyadhika mahattva hai| samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko mokSa-mArga kahA gayA hai / inameM cAritra kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai kyoMki yahI mokSa kA nikaTatama kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| cAritra ke binA mokSa prApti sambhava nahIM hai| jaina AcAra saMhitA (samyakcAritra ) pratipAdana karane vAle granthoM meM AcArAGga prAcInatama aura prathama hai| yaha AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM kI zikSA-maNiyoM evaM cAritrika sAdhanA se bharA par3A hai / yaha sampUrNa jainAcAra kA pratinidhi grantha hai| vAstava meM bhAratIya-manISA kI sampUrNa AcAraniSThA isa grantha meM pratibimbita hotI hai| ____ AcArAGga ke upadeza evaM racanA kA mukhya uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti cAritra dharma kI sAdhanA ke dvArA jIvana ke carama lakSya mukti ko prApta kara sake / jaina dharma kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki jaba taka AcAra zuddhi nahIM hogI taba taka citta-zuddhi saMbhava nahIM aura citta-zuddhi ke abhAva meM Atma-zuddhi sambhava nahIM hai tathA Atma-zuddhi ke binA mukti kI prApti bhI nhiiN| tIvratama ( anantAnubandhI) krodha, mAna Adi kaSAyoM ke nirodha rUpa prathama cAritra se samyak darzana kI aura yoga-nirodha rUpa antima cAritra se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, isa prakAra cAritra-jaina sAdhanA kA atha aura iti donoM hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AcArAGga meM samyak AcAra kA nirUpaNa kara samUce vizva ko zuddha ahiMsaka jIvana jIne kI vidhi sikhAI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pravacana kA uddezya yahI thA ki mAnava-samAja athavA vyakti samyaka AcaraNa ke dvArA AtmA para lago huI karma-kAlimA ko dUrakara Atma-darzana kara sake / ve cAhate the ki pratyeka vyakti saMyama kI sAdhanA ke dvArA Atma-kalyANa ke mArga meM pravRtta ho, evaM zuddha jIvanayApana karate hue Atma-pUrNatA ko prApta kre| AcArAGga meM sadAcAra kI AdhAra

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10 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana zilA AtmA ke astitva kI dArzanika avadhAraNA se lekara kaThoratama muni - AcAra taka kA pratipAdana hai / mahAvIra mAnava svabhAva tathA usakI vibhinna vikRtiyoM, (kamajoriyoM) ke samyak parijJAtA the / unhoMne AcArAGga meM mAnava cAritrya ke udAttIkaraNa kA upadeza diyA / AcArAGga meM AcAra niyamoM kA pratipAdana vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke uddezya se hI huA hai / AcArAGga do zruta skandhoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama zrutaskandha meM nau adhyayana aura unake cauvAlIsa uddezaka haiM / dvitIya zrutaskandha meM cAra cUlA sahita solaha adhyayana haiM / prathama-dha taskandha : prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ko 'brahmacarya' bhI kahA jAtA hai / upaniSadoM meM brahma zabda AtmA kA paryAyavAcI hai / unameM AtmacaryA arthAt AtmaramaNa ko brahmacarya kahA gayA hai / bauddhoM ne maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura madhyastha ina cAra bhAvanAoM ko brahma-vihAra kahA hai / AcArAGga meM brahmacaryaM zabda kA prayoga saMyama ke artha meM huA hai / 'samatA' aura 'ahiMsA' kI sAdhanA kA nAma hI saMyama hai| gItA meM samatva ( samatA ) ko yoga 35 aura brahma kahA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM brahmacarya, samatA, ahiMsA aura saMyama kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM AtmaramaNa kI sthiti hai / AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM inhIM bAtoM kA vivecana hone se use brahmacarya kahA gayA / isa prakAra sAdhanA ke mUla tattva samatA yA sAmAyika kA vivecana hone se use 'sAmAyika' bhI kahA gayA hai / isake pratyeka adhyayana ( adhyAya ) kA varNya viSaya nimna prakAra hai prathama adhyayana ( zastra - parijJA ) : prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastra - parijJA hai / 'zastra-parijJA' do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai-zastra + parijJA / ' zastra' kA artha hai - hiMsA ke upakaraNa yA sAdhana aura parijJA' kA artha hai - prajJA, jJAna yA viveka / 'parijJA' zabda pari upasarga 'jJa' dhAtu se niSpanna hai / 'jJa' kA artha 'jAnanA' hai aura 'pari' upasarga kA artha hai pUrI taraha se / isa prakAra 'parijJA' zabda kA artha huA sampUrNa rUpa se jAnanA / AcArAGga ko TIkA meM zastra do prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM- dravyazastra aura

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 11 bhAvazastra / hiMsA ke bAhya sAdhana dravyazastra kahalAte haiN| rAga-dveSa Adi se kaluSita pariNAma ( vicAra ) bhAvazastra haiN| isa prakAra hiMsA ke bAhya aura Antarika sAdhanoM ke svarUpa kA samyak bodha hI zastraparijJA adhyayana kA viSaya hai / ___ isa adhyayana meM sAta uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka Atma-astitva kI jijJAsA se prArambha hotA hai| isameM AtmA, karma punarjanma Adi kA sAmAnya paricaya hai / isake bAda hiMsA-ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa tathA hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNoM kA pratipAdana hai| zeSa uddezakoM meM kramazaH pRthvI, jala Adi avyakta cetanA vAle SaTakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA evaM unako cetanatA kI vivecanA ko gayI hai| isake sAtha ho usameM hisAjanya Atma-paritApa, karma-bandha kA vivecana tathA usase virata hone kA upadeza hai| saMkSepa meM, prathama adhyayana meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viveka kA vivecana hai| dvitIya adhyayana ( lokavijaya): isa adhyayana kA nAma loka-vijaya hai| isameM saMsAra ( bandhana) para vijaya prApta karane ke sAdhanoM kA varNana hai / AcArAGga kI TIkAoM ke anusAra yaha saMsAra ( bandhana) dravya aura bhAva do prakAra kA haibhAva-saMsAra arthAt viSaya-kaSAya yA rAga-dveSa aura dravya saMsAra arthAt zabda, rUpa, rasa, sparza Adi indriy-vissy| bhAvasaMsAra hI (viSayabhoga) dravya saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| viSaya bhoga kA kAraNa rAga-dveSa Adi manobhAva haiM / ataH kaSAya-loka yA bhAva loka para vijaya pA lene para sAdhaka svataH dravya loka (viSaya-bhogoM) para vijaya pA letA hai| isa adhyayana meM saMsAra ke svarUpa kA samyaka vivecana huA hai| isameM deha kI asAratA, azaraNatA tathA viSayoM kI anityatA kA bodha bhI karAyA gayA hai| sAtha ho Asakti ke bandhana ko tor3ane kA upAya batAte hue saMyama meM puruSArtha karane ko preraNA dI gaI hai / isa adhyayana meM viSaya-kaSAyAdi antaraMga zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie sthAnasthAna para apramatta ( jAgarUka ) rahane kA sandeza hai / isa adhyayana meM chaH uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM saMsAra ke mUla srota zabdAdi viSayoM ke prati anAsakta rahane kA upadeza hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM saMyama mArga para dRr3ha rahane kA nirdeza hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM jAtigata mithyA alaMkAra ke tyAga kA nirUpaNa hai| caturtha uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka

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12 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana sarvathA mamatva bhAva kA tyAga kara anAsakta rhe| pA~caveM uddezaka meM sAdhaka ko bhikSAcarI meM samabhAva rakhane kA nirdeza hai| vaha vastra-pAtra evaM AhAra ke prati Asakti na rkhe| use sadoSa cikitsA kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| chaThA uddezaka bandha-mokSa ke parijJAna evaM upadeza kuzalatA se sambaddha hai| tRtIya adhyayana (zItoSNIya ) : isa adhyayana kA nAma zItoSNoya hai| yahA~ 'zIta' aura 'uSNa' zabda AdhyAtmika artha meM prayukta hue haiN| 'zIta' aura 'uSNa' ye donoM zabda paroSaha se sambandhita haiM / jo parISaha anukUla haiM, ve zIta kahalAte haiM, aura jo pratikUla haiM ve uSNa kahe jAte haiN| niyuktikAra ne kahA hai ki bAIsa parISahoM meM 'strI' aura 'satkAra' zIta parISaha tathA zeSa bIsa parISaha pratikUla hone se uSNa haiN| isa adhyayana meM kahA hai ki sAdhanA ke patha para calane vAle sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha anukUla yA pratikala parISahoM ( kaSToM yA paristhitiyoM ) ke upasthita hone para tanika bhI vicalita na ho / pratyeka paristhiti meM samatvabhAva rakhate hue sAdhanA meM nirantara sajaga rahe / use sukha meM prasanna aura duHkha meM viSaNNa nahIM honA caahie| ____ isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki jo prasUpta yA pramatta hai, vaha amuni hai aura jo apramatta hai yA jAgrata hai, vaha muni hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM prasupta yA pramatta vyakti ke duHkhoM kA nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM yaha preraNA dI gaI hai ki sAdhaka ke lie mAtra deha-damana hI paryApta nahIM hai, pratyuta use apane citta ko vizuddha yA nirmala banAne kA prayAsa karate rahanA caahie| caturtha uddezaka meM saMyama-sAdhanA ke lie kaSAya-tyAga kA upadeza hai| caturtha adhyayana ( samyaktva ) : samyaktva kA artha hai-vizuddha yA nirmala dRSTi / yaha mukti-mahattva kA prathama sopAna hai / jIvAjIvAdi tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa para zraddhA hone se AtmA prANi-mAtra ko AtmopamyadaSTi se dekhatA hai| vaha unakA ahita nahIM karatA, unheM pIr3A nahIM phuNcaataa| isI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko zuddha, nitya aura sanAtana dharma kahA gayA hai / isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiM-prathama uddezaka meM ahiMsA kA samyak nirUpaNa hai / dvitIya uddezaka Asrava-parisrava ( saMvara-nirjarA)

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 13 kI sApekSatA se sambandhita hai / tRtIya uddezaka meM nirjarA ke sAdhanabhUta niSkAma tapa kA varNana hai / caturtha uddezaka meM saMyama sAdhanA meM sthira rahane kA upadeza hai / pAMcavAM adhyayana (lokasAra ) : isa virATa vizva meM ahiMsA, tapa, saMyama Adi sArabhUta tattva mAne gae haiN| inheM saMsAra kA sAra batAte hue niryuktikAra ne kahA hailogassasAro dhammo, dhammaMpiya NANasAriyaMbiti / NANa saMjamasAraM, saMjamasAraM ca nivvANaM // 37 loka kA sAra dharma hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna hai, jJAna kA kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra mokSa hai / samyagdarzana kA mahattva samyak cAritra ke vikAsa meM hai, ataH prastuta adhyayana meM samyak cAritra ke vividha pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / sAdhaka ko yaha udbodhana diyA gayA hai ki vaha sarvathA parigraha rahita hokara Antarika vikAroM para vijaya prApta kare / isa adhyayana meM chaH uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM kAma-bhoga, usake kAraNa tathA nivAraNa ke upAyoM kA varNana hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM apramAda kI mahattA pratipAdita hai / tRtIya uddezaka meM parigraha tyAga tathA kAma-virakti kA sandeza hai / caturthaM uddezaka meM aparipakva sAdhu ke ekAkI vihAra se hone vAlI hAniyA~ batAyI gayI haiN| sAtha hI karmabandha aura usake viveka kA nirUpaNa bhI hai / pA~caveM uddezaka meM AcArya kI mahimA, satya, zraddhA, mAdhyasthabhAva, ahiMsA evaM Atma-svarUpa kA samyak vivecana hai / chaTheM uddezaka meM muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA mArmika varNana hai / chaThavAM adhyayana ( dhUta ) : isa adhyayana kA nAma 'dhUta' hai| prAcIna kAla meM Atma zuddhi kI prakiyA ko 'dhUta' kahA jAtA thaa| bauddha granthoM meM bhI isI artha meM 'dhUta' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 'dhUta' kA artha hai prakampita yA zuddhi | 'dhUta' do prakAra kA hai - dravyadhUta aura bhAvadhUta / zarIra, vastra Adi kA maila dUrakara ( azuddhi sApha kara ) use svaccha yA nirmala karanA dravyadhUta kahalAtA hai / bhAvadhUta vaha hai jisase aSTavidha karmoM kA ( dhUnana) prakampana hotA hai /

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14 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana isa adhyayana meM rAga-dveSa Adi mAnasika vikAra yA azuddhi ko dUrakara Atma-zuddhi karane kA spaSTa nirdeza hai / isa adhyayana meM pA~ca uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM mukti mArga kI carcA, hiMsAjanya cikitsA kA parihAra, parijanoM ke prati Asakti kA tyAga Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM karma-parityAga kI carcA hai / tRtIya uddezaka meM upakaraNa va zarIra-tyAga tathA saMyama evaM vinaya sambandhI vivecana hai| caturtha uddezaka meM gArava-tyAga kA varNana hai aura pA~caveM uddezaka meM kaSAyatyAga para bala diyA gayA hai sAtha hI titikSA bhAva dhAraNa karate hue jana-sAmAnya ko dharmopadeza dene kA nirdeza hai| sAtavAM adhyayana ( mahAparijJA ): isa adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAparijJA' hai| vartamAna meM yaha adhyayana anupalabdha hai| AcArAMga niyuktikAra ke matAnusAra isa adhyayana meM sAta uddezaka the jinameM mohajanya parISahoM evaM upasargoM kA varNana thaa|38 kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki isameM mantra vidyA Adi ke prayoga sAdhaka ko saMyama meM sthira rakhane ke lie varNita the| bAda meM unakA durupayoga hotA dekhakara isake adhyayana para pratibandha lagA diyA gayA ho aura paThana-pAThana kama hone se bhI yaha adhyayana lupta ho gayA ho athavA AcArAGga se pRthak kara diyA gayA ho / sabhI sAdhakoM kA mAnasika stara samAna nahIM hotaa| kucha dRr3ha manobala vAle hote haiM to kucha nirbala cintana vAle bhI hote haiN| jo bhI kAraNa rahA ho parantu isa adhyayana ke viccheda se sAhityika kSati avazya huI hai| mAThavAM adhyayana ( vimokSa): isa adhyayana kA nAma vimokSa hai| isameM ATha uddezaka haiN| inameM vizeSataH samAdhirUpa AcAra evaM tyAgamaya jIvana kA varNana huA hai| prathama uddezaka meM asamanojJa ( aprazasta AcAra-vicAra vAle) bhikSuoM ke sAtha vyavahAra nahIM karane kA nirdeza hai, sAtha hI ahiMsA sambandhI nirUpaNa bhI huA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM zramaNa ke lie nirdeza hai ki vaha kisI bhI paristhiti meM akalpya vastra-pAtra evaM AhAra Adi grahaNa na kre| tRtIya uddezaka pravrajyA, aparigraha evaM kuzaMkA nivAraNa se sambandhita hai| cauthe aura pAcaveM uddezaka meM upakaraNa evaM zarIra vimokSa kA pratipAdana hai| sAtha hI ativRddha glAnabhikSu ke lie bhakta parijJA ( anazana ) evaM vaikhAnasa tapa svIkAra karane kA nirdeza hai| chaThe, sAtaveM

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 15 evaM AThaveM uddezaka meM ekatva bhAvanA, vaiyAvRtya tathA samAdhimaraNa kA varNana hai| navAM adhyayana ( upadhAna-zruta): ___ upadhAna kA artha tapazcaryA hai| isa sampUrNa adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapomayI sAdhanA kA utkRSTa rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai, jo zramaNa ko AtmapUrNatA ke lie antima kSaNa taka jAgarUka tathA sthiracitta bane rahane kI preraNA detA hai| isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna ne dIkSA svIkAra karane ke pazcAt yaha saMkalpa kiyA thA ki maiM hemanta Rtu meM zarIra ko vastra se nahIM ddhrkegaa| isameM teraha mAsa ke bAda mahAvIra ke vastra-tyAga kA bhI varNana hai| sAtha hI isameM bhagavAna kI ahiMsaka jIvana-zailI evaM samabhAva kI sAdhanA kA bho varNana hai| dvitIya evaM tRtIya uddezaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA Asevita Asana evaM sthAna kA nirUpaNa hai| inameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna ko kaise-kaise vikaTa sthAnoM meM rahanA par3A aura kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM kaise-kaise kaSTa sahana karane pdd'e| caturtha uddezaka meM bhagavAna ke kaThora tapa evaM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ve rUkSa evaM nIrasa bhojana karate the| yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki ve kaI mahInoM taka nirjala evaM nirAhAra rahakara bhI apanI saMyama-sAdhanA meM lIna rahate the| dvitIya zrutaskandha : dvitIya zrutaskandha meM zramaNa ke AcAra-niyamoM kA varNana hai| isameM muni kI bhikSAcaryA kI vidhi tathA AhAra, vastra, pAtra evaM nivAsa sambandhI niyamoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI zramaNoM ke pArasparika vyavahAra ke niyamoM kA nirdeza hai| isa zrutaskandha meM zramaNaAcAra ke niyamoM kA paryApta spaSTatA evaM vistAra ke sAtha vivecana huA hai tathA tapa-dhyAna aura samabhAva kI sAdhanA evaM mAnasika zuddhi ke upAya batAe gae haiN| isakI pA~ca calAoM meM se antima cUlA 'AcAraprakalpa' ko isase pRthak kara diyA gayA hai jo Aja nizIthasUtra ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| zeSa cAra cUlAe~ solaha adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama evaM dvitIya cUlA meM sAta-sAta tathA tRtIya evaM caturtha cUlA meM

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16 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana eka-eka adhyayana haiM / isa prakAra dvitIya zrutaskandha ke solaha adhyayana haiM, jinakI kramasaMkhyA dasa se chabbIsa taka hai / prathama cUlA sAta adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai / inameM iryeSaNA, bhASaiSaNA, vastreSaNA, pAtreSaNA, avagraha - pratimA Adi se sambandhita vivecana haiM / dvitIya cUlA ke sAtoM adhyayana uddezakoM meM vibhakta nahIM haiN| sabakA viSaya vivecana eka hI pravAha meM huA hai / inameM kAyotsarga, sthAna niSIdhikA ( svAdhyAya) uccAra - prasravaNa ( malamUtra visarjana) pArasparika kriyA Adi anuSThAnoM ke sampanna karane ke DhaMga ko bhI ahiMsA ( viveka ) ke siddhAnta para adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya cUlA meM mahAvIra kA jIvana, pA~ca mahAvrata evaM unakI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA mahattva darzAyA gayA hai aura caturthaM cUlA mukti kI sAdhanA se sambandhita hai / aba hama dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pratyeka adhyayana kI viSaya vastu kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta kareMge / dasavAM adhyayana -piNDeSaNA ( AhAra ) : isa adhyayana meM gyAraha uddezaka haiN| sabhI uddezakoM meM zramaNa ko saMyama rakSArthaM apanI sAdhanA ke anukUla kisa prakAra kA AhAra -pAnI grahaNa karanA cAhie aura kisa prakAra kA AhAra -pAnI grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie - isa sambandha meM nirdeza hai / gyArahavAM adhyayana - zayyaiSaNA ( vasatI ) : isa adhyayana meM tIna uddezaka haiM / inameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko kina sthAnoM para kisakI anumati se, kisa prakAra nivAsa karanA caahie| isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM sadoSa nirdoSa nivAsa-sthAna ke sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai / bArahavAM adhyayana - IryeSaNA ( gamanAgamana ) : isa adhyayana ke tInoM uddezakoM meM zramaNa ke AvAgamana ( IrSyAsamiti ) se sambandhita niyamoM kA vivecana hai / isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko kina mArgoM se AnA-jAnA cAhie mArga meM nadI Adi ke hone para use kisa prakAra pAra karanA cAhie Adi / isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM vihAra sambandhI sAre niyamoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / terahavAM adhyayana - bhASaiSaNA ( sambhASaNa ) : isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko kaisI bhASA bolanI

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 17 caahie| isa adhyayana meM bhASA sambandhI aneka vidhi-niSedhoM kA nirUpaNa hai| caudahavAM adhyayana ( vastraiSaNA) : ____ isa adhyayana meM zramaNoM ke lie vastra sambandhI vidhAna hai| yahA~ zramaNa ko kaise aura kitane vastra rakhane cAhie, vastra kI yAcanA kaise karanI cAhie ? Adi bAtoM kA nirUpaNa hai| pandrahavAM adhyayana ( pAtraiSaNA) : prastuta adhyayana meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki saMyama sAdhanA meM pravRtta zramaNa ko AhAra grahaNa karane ke lie kaisA pAtra rakhanA caahie| pAtra kI yAcanA vidhi kA bhI ullekha hai| isa adhyayana kI sampUrNa sAmagrI do uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| solahavAM adhyayana-avagrahaiSaNA ( AjJA-yAcanA ) : prastuta adhyayana meM AvAsa sthAna ke lie kisa prakAra anumati prApta karanI cAhie, kisa prakAra ThaharanA cAhie, gRhasvAmI ke prati kaisA vyavahAra karanA cAhie Adi kA vivecana hai,| sAtha hI isameM pA~ca prakAra ke avagraha kA nAma-nirdeza evaM sAta abhigrahapUrvaka nirdoSa makAna kI yAcanA kA bhI varNana hai| satrahavAM adhyayana ( sthAna ) : yaha dvitIya cUlA kA prathama adhyayana hai| isameM kAyotsarga vidhi kA nirdeza hai| isa adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki muni ko kina sthAnoM para dhyAna, kAyotsarga Adi dhArmika anuSThAna karanA caahie| aThArahavAM adhyayana-niSodhikA ( svAdhyAya ): __ isameM svAdhyAya bhUmi ke cayana evaM svAdhyAya ke sambandha meM sajagatA kA ullekha hai| unnIsavAM adhyayana-uccAra-prasravaNa ( malamUtra-visarjana ) : uccAra prasravaNa kA artha hai mala-mUtra kA visarjana / isa adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko mala-mUtra kA visarjana kahA~ karanA cAhie aura kahA~ nahIM karanA caahie| sAtha hI zramaNa ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki use malamUtra tyAga ke lie sarvathA nirjIva, niravadya evaM ekAMta bhUmi kA cayana karanA cAhie /

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18 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana bIsavAM adhyayana (zabda ): sarasa, mohaka yA manojJa zabdoM ke moha se mukti pAnA isa adhyayana kA mukhya viSaya hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko indriyAsakta hokara zabdoM ko sunane kA saMkalpa nahIM karanA caahie| ikkIsavAM adhyayana ( rUpa ): isa adhyayana meM cakSurindriya se sambandhita viSaya kA varNana hai / isameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki saMyamazIla muni kI cakSurindriya ke viSayoM ke prati rAgadveSa nahIM karanA cAhie / bAIsavAM adhyayana (para-kriyA) : isa adhyayana meM zramaNa ke lie yaha nirdeza hai ki vaha gahastha se kisI prakAra kI sevA na le| yadi koI gRhastha vaiyAvRtya ( sevA ) kI dRSTi se muni ke paira prakSAlana kare, mAliza kare athavA paira dabAe to muni ko spaSTa inakAra kara denA caahie| teIsavAM adhyayana-(anyonya kriyA): isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya sAdhu kA svAvalambana hai| sAdhu-sAdhvI ko binA kisI vizeSa paristhiti ke eka dUsare kI sevA nahIM lenI caahie| caubIsavAM adhyayana ( tRtIya cUlA ) bhAvanA : isa adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma tathA unakA pavitra jIvana-vRtta aMkita hai| mahAvratoM evaM paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| paccIsavA~ adhyayana-( caturtha cUlA ) vimukti : isa adhyayana meM mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta karma-nirjarA ke sAdhanoM kA vivecana hai| sandarbhasUcI prathama adhyAya 1. saMpA0-50 khabacandra jA siddhAntazAstrI, sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra ( umAsvAmI ) paramazra ta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1974, 1/20. rAdhAmohana vidyAvAcaspati gosvAmI bhaTTAcArya, kaNAdakRta nyAyasUtra vivaraNa, meDikala hAla presa, banArasa, san 1939, prathama adhyAya, prathama ahnikA, 1/6.

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 19 2. saMpA0 muni zrI puNyavijayajI, nandIsUtra, ( cUrNi evaM vRtti ), AcArya devavAcaka, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI - 5, san 1966, pR0 4041. zrI hemacandrasUri anuyogadvAra sUtra ( vRtti sahita ), bhAvanagara, san 1939, pR0 42. 3. zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI, Avazyaka niyukti, Agamodaya samiti, vIra saM0 2454, gA0 192. 4. zrI jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa, vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( svopajJa vRttisahitam ), lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda - 9, prathama saMskaraNa, 1966, 550. saMpA0 muni zrI puNyavijayajI, bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAvanagara, san 1933, gA0 144. AtmArAma jaina sabhA, 6. tattvArtha bhASya, 1/20. 7. malayagiri, Avazyaka vRtti, patra 48, uddhRta-AcArAGgasUtra - bhAga 1, saMpA0 muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1980, pR0 22. 8. manu jI, manusmRti, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1946, 2/108. 9. vahI, 4 / 156. 10. Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 98 - 100 evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1152-54. 11. zrI jina dAsagaNi, AcArAGgacUrNa, zrIRSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1941, pR0 3. 12. zrI zIlAMkAcArya, AcArAGga TokA, zrIsiddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1935 pR0 6. 13. zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI, AcArAGganiryukti, zrIsiddha cakrasAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1935, gA0 16-17. 14. vahI, gA0 104. 15. vahI, gA0 1. 16. saMpA0 - upA0 amaramuni, kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' nizIthasUtra ( bhASya, cUrNi samanvita ), zrIvisAgaNi mahattara, sanmati jJAnapITha lohAmaNDI, AgarA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1960, bhAga 4, 19-1. 17. saMpA0 zrIghAsIlAlavrati, vyavahArasUtra, a0 bhA0 zvetAmbara sthAnaka, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, prathama AvRtti, saM0 1969, 5 / 18, 18. AcArAGganiyukti, gA0 85 19. AcArAGgacaNi, pR0 3.

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20 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 20. AcArAGga, zIlAMka TIkA, pR0 6 21. samavAyAGgavRtti, pR0 101, uddhRta-AcArAGgasUtra-bhAga 1, saMpA0 yuvAcArya madhukara muni, pR0 25. DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, ma0pra0 zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, san 1962, pR0 70. saMpA0 muni ghAsIlAla, samavAyAMgasUtra, a0bhA0 zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, prazrama AvRtti, san 1962, 34/72. 24. muni umezacandra jI 'aNu', aupapAtikasUtra, zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhu, mArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA ( ma0 pra0), prathama AvRtti, san 1963, pR0 34. 25. zyAmArya prajJApanAsUtra, (TIkA evaM anuvAda sahita) zAradAbhavana, jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1991, 1/63. 26. abhayadevasUri, bhagavatIsUtra ( prathama khaNDa ), anu0 saMzo0 50 becaradAsa jIvarAja doSI, manasukhalAla jI bhAI mehatA, zrI jinAgama sabhA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1974, 5/4/191. 27. 'pavuccati', kajjati, NiyaTTati, paDilehaMti Adi, AcArAGga 1/2/2. jAgaraMti, vedeti, NAvakaravaMti, 1/3/2. 28. saMpA0 muni jambUvijaya jI, AcArAGgasUtram ( TIkA sahita ), motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolaoNjikala TrasTa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1978, 2/16. 29. zrIjinadAsagaNi mahattara, dazavakAlika carNi, zrIRSabhadevajI kezarImala jI jainazvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, jainabandhu mudraNAlaya, san 1933, pR0 88. 30. saMpA0 mANeka muni, dazavakAlika niyukti, jainazvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAra, sUrata, san 1930, 170-174, uddhRta-yuvAcArya madhukaramuni-sampAdita AcArAGgasUtra, pR0 13. 31. 'AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiMca dhIre', AcArAGga 12/4 savasi jIviyaM piyaM ( 1/2/3) mAyI pamAyo puNaretigabhaM ( 1/3/1 ) 'suttA amuNI muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti', ( 1/3/1 ) 'jati dhIrA mahAyANaM', ( 1/4/4 ) 'khaNaM jANahi paMDie', ( 1/2/2 ) 'akammassa vavahAro Na vijjai ( 1 / 3 / 1) 'savvao pamattassamayaM 1 / 3 / 4 32. AcArAGganiyukti, gA0 7 se 10 286.

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AcArAGgasUtra svarUpa evaM viSayavastu : 21 33. vahI, gA0 287. 34. Maxmuller Sacred Book of the East At the Clarendon Press, 1897 vol. 22, Introduction. p. 47. 35. samatvaM yoga ucyate, bhagavadagItA gItApresa gorakhapura, bIsavA~ saMskaraNa, saM0 2028, 2048. 36. zrI upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI, adhyAtmasAra, kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra sthApaka saMghavI nagInadAsa karamacanda, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1594, 15 / 44, tulanIya-gItA, 5/19. 37. AcArAGganiyukti, 244. 38. mohasamutthA parisahu vasaggA, AcArAGganiyukti, gA0 34.

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dvitIya adhyAya naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra kisI bhI viSaya kA yuktiyukta tathA suvyavasthita adhyayana vijJAna kahalAtA hai aura pratyeka vijJAna kI kucha mUlabhUta avadhAraNAe~ hotI haiN| unhIM ke AdhAra para tarkasaMgata siddhAnta nirdhArita kiye jAte haiN| ___ nIti-darzana kI bhI kucha mUlabhUta mAnyatAe athavA avadhAraNAe haiM, jinake abhAva meM naitikatA kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| ina pUrva avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para ho nIti-darzana kA bhavya-prAsAda avasthita hai| inake prati zaMkAzIla banane para naitikatA kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA / naitika mAnyatAoM ke prati niSThA rakhanA Avazyaka hai| inakA AdhAra na to tarka hai, aura na svayaM-siddhi, apitu AsthA ( niSThA) hai / prazna uThatA hai ki yadi naitika mAnyatAe kevala manokAmanAe haiM aura unakA bauddhika nirasana sambhava hai to unakA naitika aucitya kyA hai ? uttara meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakA bauddhika khaNDana sambhava hone para bhI vyAvahArika nirasana sambhava nahIM hai| zrI saMgamalAla pANDeya kA kathana hai ki 'kANTa ne netika mAnyatAoM ke bauddhika khaNDana se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki korA bauddhika vivecana niHsAra hai aura naitika vyavahAra usa vastu ko siddha karatA hai, jise korA bauddhika vivecana asiddha yA saMdigdha chor3a detA hai| kevala bauddhika khaNDana se unakI nirarthakatA siddha nahIM hotii| kANTa kahate haiM ki 'ye mAnyatAe tarkasiddha siddhAnta nahIM haiM, kintu pUrvakalpanAe haiM, jo vyavahArataH anivArya haiN| yadyapi ye hamAre bauddhika jJAna kA vistAra nahIM karatoM, tathApi vyavahAra meM bauddhika pratyayoM ko viSayagata sattA pradAna karatI haiM / 2 arabana isI bAta ko puSTa karate haiM ki 'naitika mAnyatAoM ko kAmanA kahane se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki naitika mAnyatAoM ko kucha satyatA nahIM hai| isase to yahI spaSTa hotA hai ke usa satya ko pAne kI balavatI kAmanA hone ke kAraNa vaha satya hai aura usakI prApti bhI sambhava hai'3 'vijJAna kI mAnyatAoM se bhinna, ye naitika mAnyatAe vAstavika satya haiM, jinase manuSya jIte haiM / yadi ye bhrama yA asatya ho jAeM to vastutaH hamArA jInA ho samApta ho jaae|

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 23 pAzcAtya-darzana meM naitikatA kI pUrva mAnyatAeM: pAzcAtya noti-darzana meM kANTa ne naitikatA ko tIna maulika dhAraNAoM ko sthApita kiyA hai-(1) AtmA kI amaratA, (2) saMkalpasvAtantrya aura (3) Izvara kA astitva / kANTa ne AtmA kI amaratA ko 'naitika pragati' kI mAnyatA se siddha kiyA hai, jabaki arabana 'naitika pragati' ko svatantra rUpa se naitikatA ko pUrva mAnyatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| rAzaDAla ke anusAra 'bauddhika prayojana,' 'kAla, tathA 'amaMgala ko vAstavikatA' ye tIna naitika pUrva mAnyatAe haiN| isa prakAra 'saMkalpa-svAtantrya', 'AtmA kI amaratA', vyaktitva, 'vivekapUrNa vuddhi' aura 'AtmA ko kriyAzakti' ko naitikatA kI avadhAraNAoM ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM naitika mAnyatAeM: bhAratIya nIti darzana kI bhI apanI kucha mUlabhUta pUrva dhAraNAe haiMjaise 'AtmA kI amaratA' 'punarjanma kA siddhAnta', 'karma-siddhAnta' evaM 'karma karane kI svtntrtaa| 'ye naitikatA ke AdhArabhUta tattva hai| karmaphala pradAtA tathA vyavasthApaka ke rUpa meM Izvara ke astitva ko bhI kucha bhAratIya darzanoM ne naitikatA kI pUrva mAnyatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isake atirikta bandhana, usake kAraNa tathA bandhana se mukti aura usake upAya bhI naitika mAnyatA ke antargata Ate haiM / jaina darzana meM naitikatA ko pUrva mAnyatAeM: jaina darzana meM tattvamImAMsA aura AcAra-mImAMsA meM paraspara ghaniSTha sambandha hai / tAttvika yojanA ke AdhAra para hI nimnAMkita pAMca mAnyatAoM ko naitikatA kI pUrva mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma-siddhAnta, (2) karmasiddhAnta zubhAzubha karmoM kA pratiphala, ( 3 ) AtmA kA bandhana tathA usake kAraNa ( Asrava ) (4) bandhana se mukti ke upAya (saMvara-nirjarA) aura (5) naitika jIvana kA paramasAdhya ( mukti ) / AcArAGga meM naitikatA ko pUrva mAnyatAeM : sadAcAra aura sAdhanA ke lie kina bAtoM para Astikya buddhi rakhanA Avazyaka hai, isa sambandha meM AcArAGga meM spaSTa nirdeza haiN| usake anusAra naitika jIvana ke lie AtmA kA astitva, punarjanma, karma-phala

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24 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana Adi meM vizvAsa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama Atmaastitva sambandhI yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki vartamAna jIvana se pUrva merA astitva thA athavA nahIM ? isa jIvana ke pazcAt merI sattA rahegI yA nahIM ? Adi / punarjanma evaM AtmA ko nityatA ye naitikatA ke maulika prazna haiN| AtmA kA svarUpa : jijJAsA mAnava-mana kI sahaja pravRtti hai| ataH usake antarmana meM yaha prazna uThe binA nahIM rahatA ki 'ko'haM kIdaga kUtaH AyAtaH' arthAt meM kauna hU~, maiM kaisA hU~ aura kahAM se AyA huuN| AcArAGga kA prArambha hI astitva viSayaka jijJAsA se hotA hai / jaise-'athAto brahma jijJAsA" vedAnta kA mUla sUtra hai, vaise hI 'Atma-jijJAsA' AcArAGga kA mUla sUtra hai / jijJAsu ke mana meM sarvaprathama yahI prazna uThatA hai ki maiM kahAM se AyA haiM ? kahAM jAUMgA? Urdhva dizA se AyA hU~ yA adhodizA se ? maiM kauna thA? aura mRtyu ke uparAnta kyA hoU~gA ? Adi / ___ vastutaH AcArAGga ke 'ko'haM' aura 'so'haM' ye do sUtra AtmavAdI darzana ke do netra kahe jA sakate haiN| prathama sUtra 'ko'haM AsI' astitvasambandhI jijJAsA kA sUcaka hai| yaha dArzanika cintana kA AdhArabhUta sUtra hai| dUsare sUtra 'so'haM' meM astitva yA sva svarUpa kI sattA kA pratyakSa-bodha hai / jo yaha batAtA hai ki yaha dizA-vidizA meM bhavabhramaNa karane vAlA meM hI huuN| __isa prakAra jo AtmA apane astitva yA svasvarUpa ko jAna letA hai, vahI AtmavAdI hai / jo AtmavAdI hai, vahI lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI ho sakatA hai / vyakti ke lie sArabhUta prazna apanI sattA se hI sambandhita haiM / astitva-bodha ke AdhAra para hI naitika cetanA kA vikAsa sambhava hai| isa taraha, cArvAka darzana ke atirikta zeSa samasta bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI darzana Atma-sattA ko svokAra karate haiM aura usake astitva meM vizvAsa prakaTa karate haiN| jahAM taka AtmA ke astitva kA prazna hai, pAzcAtya cintaka-pleTo, arastU, sukarAta, dekArta, lAka, barkale, maiksamUlara, zopenahAvara Adi ne bhI ise eka mata se svIkAra kiyA hai / yadyapi usake svarUpa, nityatva-anityatva Adi ke sambandha meM unakI vibhinna dhAraNAeM raho haiM, tathApi Atma-astitva ke prazna ko lekara unameM mata vaibhinnya nahIM hai| isa prakAra AcArAGga kI bhAMti

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 25 adhikAMza bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya dArzanika Atma-astitva ke viSaya meM ekamata haiN| ___ astitva-bodha ke pazcAt sahaja hI yaha prazna uThatA hai ki AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? bhAratIya manISiyoM ne vividha rUpa se ise spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM sarvAdhika vivAdAspada prazna yaha hai ki jJAna AtmA kA nijaguNa hai yA Agantuka guNa hai ? nyAyavaizeSika darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki baddha avasthA meM jJAna AtmA meM rahatA hai aura muktAvasthA meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, jabaki sAMkhya aura vedAnta jJAna ko AtmA kA nija guNa svokAra karate haiM / vedAnta meM kahA hai ki 'vijJAnaM brahma' arthAt vijJAna hI brahma ( paramAtmA ) hai / ___ abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM AtmA kI vyutpatti ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki 'atati iti AtmA' arthAt jo gamana karatA hai vaha AtmA hai / arthAt jo jJAnAdi guNoM meM satat ramaNa karatA hai vaha AtmA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA ke lakSaNa evaM svarUpa ke sambandha meM paryApta gaharAI se cintana huA hai / AcArAMga meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'je AyA se viNNAyA je viNNAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se AyA / taM paDucca pddisNkhaae| esa AyAvAi samiyAe pariyAe viyAhie', arthAt jo AtmA hai, vahI vijJAtA hai, aura jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| jisake dvArA vaha jAnatA hai usa jJAna paryAya kI apekSA se vaha AtmA kahalAtA hai| isalie use Atma-vAdI samatA kA pAragAmI kahA gayA hai| __ isa prakAra AcArAMga jJAna ko AtmA kA svalakSaNa batAtA hai| AlmA jJAna svarUpa hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA aura jJAna meM abhinnatA hai| jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa kahA gayA hai / guNa aura guNI meM abheda hotA hai, ataH AtmA jJAnamaya hai| ___ jahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna meM cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka, anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka tIna lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, vahA~ AcArAMga meM AtmA ke jJAnalakSaNa para hI vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| gaharAI se cintana karane para kevala jAnanA-dekhanA hI AtmA kA svalakSaNa yA svasvabhAvasiddha hotA hai| AcArAMga meM samatA ko jo AtmA kA dharma kahA gayA hai vaha kevala jJAtA draSTA bhAva kI dRSTi se / yahA~ AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para vizeSa bala dene kA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhAvAtmaka evaM

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26 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM vyakti ko samatAdharma kI upalabdhi honA asambhava hai| AcArAMga ko bhA~ti bhagavatI, dazavakAlika, samayasAra Adi granthoM meM bhI AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para jora diyA gayA hai| AcArya amatacandra bhI kahate haiM ki 'AtmA jJAnaM svayaM jJAnaM jJAnAdanyat karoti kim' / 11 AtmA sAkSAt jJAna hai aura jJAna ho sAkSAt AtmA hai| AtmA jJAna ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM karatA hai| upaniSad meM bho kahA gayA hai ki 'Atmani vijJAte sarva idaM vijJAtaM bhavati' 12 AtmA ko jAna lene para saba kucha jJAta ho jAtA hai / AtmA kA kartRtva-bhoktRtva : __ AcArAMga meM jahA~ cetanA ke svabhAva yA jJAna lakSaNa kA vivecana upalabdha hai vahIM usameM cetanA ke vyAvahArika lakSaNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usameM anubhUti, saMkalpa Adi manovaijJAnika lakSaNoM kA bhI vivecana hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki 'vyakti meM jo ahaMkAra haiyathA-'maiMne kiyA,' 'maiM karatA hU~,' 'maiM karUMgA' 13 yahI AtmA (cetanA) kA kartRtvabhAva hai| isa jIva ne bahuta pApakarma kie haiM / 14 ataH use apane kRtakarmoM kA saMvedana karanA par3atA hai|15 jo vyakti aparijJAta karmA hai, arthAt jo katRtva bhAva kA tyAga nahIM karatA, vaha dizAoManudizAoM meM saMkramaNa karatA hai aura duHkhoM ko sahana karatA hai| aneka prakAra kI yoniyoM ko dhAraNa karatA huA nAnA prakAra ke duHkhoM kA saMvedana karatA hai / 16 ___upayukta sUtroM kI vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA aura unake zubhAzubha phala kA bhoktA bhI hai| kintu ye lakSaNa vastutaH baddhAtmA meM hI ghaTita hote haiM, muktAtmA meM nahIM / tattvataH AtmA na to karma kA kartA hai aura na karma phala kA bhoktA hI, vaha to eka mAtra jJAyaka svabhAva hai| kartRtva-bhoktRtva AtmA kA nija svabhAva nahIM hai| ye usakI vaibhAvika paryAyeM haiM, kyoMki ye zarIrAzrita haiN| ye vaibhAvika kriyAe~ para ke nimitta se hI usameM ghaTita hotI haiN| AcArAMga ko bhA~ti sUtrakRtAMga,1deg uttarAdhyayana, 18 samayasAra,19 niyamasAra,20 paMcAstikAya,21 bRhadravyasaMgraha,22 pramANanayatattvAloka23 Adi granthoM meM bhI AtmA ko karma kA kartA-bhoktA Adi kahA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra AtmA kI do avasthAe~ mAnI jA sakatI haiM

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 27 baddha aura mukta / karmoM se Abaddha AtmA baddhAtmA yA saMsAro AtmA kaho jAtI hai aura karma-rahita AtmA muktAtmA kahalAtI hai / muktAtmA kevala jJAtA-draSTA hai jabaki saMsArI AtmA kartA-bhoktA bhI hai| AcArAMga meM muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana tIna dRSTikoNoM se huA hai-vidheyAtmaka, niSedhAtmaka aura anirvacanIya / muktAtmA kA bhAvAtmaka ( vidheya ) svarUpa : ___ AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha muktAtmA akelA hai arthAt samasta karmajanya mala se rahita kevala zuddha svarUpa hai, zarIra-rahita hai, zvedajJa hai arthAt saMvedanazIla hai yA kSetrajJa hai arthAt prajJAyukta hai| vaha parijJA, saMjJA hai arthAt caitanya svarUpa hai| TIkAkAra ne isako bhI jJAna-darzana yukta kahA hai / 24 jainadharma kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki zuddha avasthA meM AtmA samasta karma janita bAdhAoM se rahita hotI hai aura usakI jJAnAdi avyaktazaktiyA~ pUrNarUpa se prakaTa ho jAtI haiN| bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se AcArAMga meM AtmA ke jJAna-darzanAdi sva-guNoM para bala diyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI AtmA kI bhAvAtmaka sthiti kA varNana karate hue use zuddha, zAzvata, avinAzI tathA ananta catuSTaya yukta kahA hai| 25 yoga-darzana meM bhI 'klezakarma vipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSaH IzvaraH'26 kahakara muktAtmA ko karma se rahita kahA gayA hai| niSedhamukhena AtmA kA svarUpa : AcArAMga meM muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa niSedhamukha se hI adhika huA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha ( muktAtmA ) lambA nahIM hai, choTA nahIM hai, gola nahIM hai, trikoNa nahIM hai, caukona nahIM hai aura maNDalAkAra nahIM hai / vaha na kRSNa hai, na nIla hai, na lAla hai, na pIta hai aura na zukla hai| yaha na sugandhayukta hai aura na durgandhayukta hai| vaha na tikta hai, na kaTu hai, na kaSAya hai na Amla hai aura na madhura hai| vaha karkaza nahIM hai, mRdu nahIM hai, guru bhI nahIM hai, laghu bhI nahIM hai| vaha zAMta bhI nahIM hai, uSNa bhI nahIM hai, snigdha bhI nahIM hai, rUkSa bhI nahIM hai| vaha zarIravAn nahIM hai, janmadharmA nahIM hai, aura saMgayukta bhI nahIM hai| vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai aura na napusaka hai| vaha na zabda hai, na rUpa hai, na gandha hai, na rasa hai aura na sparza hI hai / 27 sthAnAMga meM bhI kahA hai ki vaha varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi se yukta nahIM hai / 28 AcArAMga kI bhA~ti samayasAra,29 niyamasAra,30 paramAtmaprakAza1 Adi granthoM meM bhI AtmA ke svarUpa para

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28 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana niSedhAtmaka rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / adhyAtma yogI santa Anandaghana ne bhI 'nA hama puruSa nA hama nArI varanana bhA~ti hamAro'32...."Adi padoM meM AtmA ke niSedhAtmaka svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| yahI bAta kenopaniSad,33 kaThopaniSad4 muNDakopaniSad,35 mANDakyopaniSad,36 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad,37 brahmavighnopaniSad38 zvetAzvataropaniSad39 meM bho anya zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai| isake atirikta subAlopaniSad40 aura bhagavadgItA 1 meM bhI AcArAMga ke samAna hI AtmA ko achedya, abhedya akledya aura ahantavya mAnA gayA hai| anirvacanIya svarUpa : AcArAMga meM varNita muktAtmA kA yaha niSedhAtmaka svarUpa anivAryatayA hameM usakI anirvacanIyatA kI ora le jAtA hai| upaniSadoM kI bhA~ti 'neti neti' kI yaha zabdAvalI Atma-svarUpa kI anirvacanIyatA ko siddha karatI hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki vahA~ se sabhI svara lauTa Ate haiM-arthAt vaha ( AtmA) zabda ke dvArA pratipAdya nahIM hai / vaha tarka gamya nahIM hai, buddhi use grahaNa karane meM samartha nahIM hai / usakI koI upamA nahIM hai arthAt vaha anupama hai| kisI rUpaka ke dvArA use batAyA nahIM jA sakatA / vaha arUpI sattAvAna hai / vaha padAtIta (apada) hai-arthAt koI bhI usakA padavAcaka nahIM hai / 42 taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI yaho kahA hai ki 'yaha vANI dvArA gamya nahIM hai, mana ke dvArA prApya nahIM hai, aise AnandasvarUpa brahma kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI' / santa Anandadhana bhI AtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kI mImAMsA karate hae kahate haiM-'nisANI kahA batAuM re vacana agocrruup| rUpI kahu~ to kachu nahIM baMdhai kaisai arUpa, rUpArUpI jo kahuM pyAre aise na siddha anUpa / '44 AtmA kI amaratA : AtmA ko amaratA naitikatA kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA hai| AtmA kI nazvaratA kA siddhAnta naitikatA kI buniyAda ko hI hilA detA hai| isIlie AtmA kI amaratA ko naitika darzana kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA kahA gayA hai, kyoMki AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura karma-siddhAnta donoM hI AtmA kI amaratA kI avadhAraNA para khar3e hue haiN| __ AtmA apane naitika Adarza yA carama sAdhya ko eka hI janma meM nahIM pA sktaa| usake lie janma-janmAntara kI sAdhanA apekSita hai|

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 29 isa Adarza dizA kI ora kramika rUpa se pragati hotI hai / AtmA kI kSamatA evaM zaktiyA~ ananta haiM / ve alpakAlika eka janma meM pUrNatayA vikasita nahIM ho paatiiN| ina zaktiyoM ke pUrNataH prakaTana yA vikAsa ke lie AtmA kI anazvaratA yA nilatA ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / AtmA ke do rUpa haiM - pariNAmI ( parivartanazIla ) aura nitya ( zAzvata ) / AtmA kA parivartanazIla rUpa janma-maraNa se sambaddha hai jabaki dUsarA nitya yA amara pakSa mukti se / AcArAMga meM AtmA kI amaratA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA na chedA jAtA, na bhedA jAtA, na jalAyA jAtA aura na mArA jAtA hai arthAt vaha achedya hai, abhedya hai, adAhya hai aura ahanya hai / 45 jo AtmadarzI hai, vaha mRtyu se mukta ho jAtA hai / 46 zrImadbhagavadgItA kA bhI yahI svara hai ki 'zastra use cheda nahIM sakatA, agni use jalA nahIM sakatA / jainAgama sthAnAMga" aura bhagavatI sUtra 49 meM bhI AtmA kI nityatA, akSayatA, dhruvatA Adi kA varNana hai / chAndogyopaniSad 50 evaM bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI ye bhAva milate haiM / 51 punarjanma - siddhAnta: mRtyu ke uparAnta AtmA kI kyA sthiti hogo ? usakA astitva banA rahegA yA miTa jAyegA ? yaha jijJAsA hameM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA kI ora le jAtI hai jo ki bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI darzana kA atyanta maulika siddhAnta hai / adhyAtmavAdI vicAraka AtmA ko nitya zAzvata evaM amara mAnate haiM / isIlie unhoMne punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI aura use karma-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita kiyA / karmavAda aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta parasparAzrita hai / karma siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane para hI tadjanita zubhAzubha phala ko bhogane ke lie punarjanma ke siddhAMta ko svokAra karanA par3atA hai / isa prakAra punarjanmavAda karma-siddhAMta se phalita hotA hai / karma siddhAMta kahatA hai ki acche karmoM kA phala acchA aura bure karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai / phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki sabhI kRtakarmoM kA phala isI jIvana meM nahIM mila pAtA hai / ataH zubhAzubha kRta karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie dUsare janma kI AvazyakatA I

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30 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hotI hai| yaha saMsAra janma-maraNa kI anAdi zRMkhalA hai / jaba taka AtmA pUrvakRta karmoM ko bhoga nahIM letA, taba taka janma-maraNa kA cakra samApta nahIM hotA / AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki 'ajJAnI jIva hI isa saMpAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai52 baddhAtmA kA hI pUnarjanma hotA hai| yaha AtmA aneka bAra uccagotra aura aneka bAra nIca gotra meM janma le cukA hai|53 jIva pramAdavaza bhinna-bhinna janma dhAraNa karatA hai|54 nAnA yoniyoM meM jAtA hai| vaha pramAdI puruSa ( karma-vipAka ko) nahIM jAnatA haA ( vyAdhi se ) hata aura ( apamAna se) upahata hotA hai aura bAra-bAra janma-maraNa karatA hai|55 bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI kahA hai ki karmayukta jIvoM kA punarjanma hotA hai / 56 jaba taka karma ko nirmUla nahIM kara diyA jAtA, tava taka punarjanma kA pravAha, rukatA nahIM hai / vastutaH rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, pramAda Adi karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM, aura karma janmamaraNa kI paramparA kA kAraNa hai| isIlie AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki'mAyI pamAyI puNarei gabhaM, moheNa gambhaM maraNAti eti, ettha mohe puNo puNo / 56 mAyI aura pramAdI jIva bAra-bAra garbha meM avatarita hotA hai aura janma-maraNa karatA hai| saMsAra meM bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke kAraNa moha ( mamatva ) utpanna hotA hai / isIlie sAdhaka ko punarjanma ke cakra se mukta hone kA nirdeza dete hae kahA hai ki 'nissAraM pAsiya NANI, upavAya cavaNaM nnccaa| aNaNNaM cara mAhaNai' / 58 he muNe ! (viSaya ) nissAra hai tathA janma aura mRtyu nizcita hai aisA jAnakara tU ananya (mokSa-mArga ) kA AcaraNa kara / hindU paramparA meM bhI yaha punarjanmasiddhAnta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ! Rgveda59 aura yajurveda meM bho punarjanma kI avadhAraNAe~ pAI jAtI haiM / atharvaveda meM kahA hai ki jIvAtmA na kevala mAnava yA pazu kA janma-maraNa karatI hai, kintu jala, vanaspati Adi aneka yoniyoM meM bAra-bAra janma letI hai / aupaniSadika vicAradhArA bhI yahI hai| nyAya aura yoga-darzana64 meM bhI punarjanma kA samarthana milatA hai| gItA65 meM aneka sthAnoM para punarjanma sambandhI nirdeza upalabdha haiM / bauddha darzana yadyapi anAtmavAdI hai, tathApi usameM punarjanmasiddhAnta kI mAnyatA hai| AtmA ko amaratA aura punarjanma : AcArAMga meM AtmA kI nityatA ke AdhAra para punarjanma ko vyAkhyA upalabdha hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 31 sat' 67 arthAt jo paryAya rUpa se utpanna ho evaM naSTa ho kintu dravya rUpa se nitya va zAzvata rahe, vaha 'sat' hotA hai / jagat ke pratyeka padArtha meM nityatA aura anityatA donoM dharma eka sAtha sthita haiM / hama atItakAla meM the, vartamAna kAla meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI raheMge / trikAla meM mUla dravya rUpa se AtmA nitya aura amara rahatI hai / kintu paryAya rUpa se zaizavA, taruNa evaM vRddha avasthAe~ badalatI rahatI haiM aura eka zarIra ke bAda dUsare zarIra meM saMkramaNa karatI rahatI haiM / AcArAMga meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki AtmA kI nityatA ke sAtha punarjanma aura punarjanma ke sAtha AtmA ke niyatva kA prazna jur3A huA hai| kyoMki kucha vyakti yaha jAna lete haiM ki pUrvAdi dizA se Aye haiM athavA anya kisI dizA - vidizA se / kucha prANiyoM ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki yaha unakI AtmA aupapAtika hai arthAt punarjanma lene vAlI hai, jo ina dizA - vidizAoM meM karmAnusAra saMcaraNa karatI hai / vaha yaha bhI jAna letA hai ki jo ina dizA-vidizAoM meM bhramaNa karatI huI AI hai vahI maiM AtmA hU~ arthAt ina dizA - vidizAoM meM bhramaNazIla jo AtmA hai, vaha 'maiM' hI hU~ / " vAstava meM punarjanma siddhAnta ko mAnane vAlA hI AtmavAdI hai / janma-maraNa AtmA kA parivartanazIla arthAt paryAya vAlA pakSa hai aura janma-maraNa kI zrRMkhalA ke bIca usakI nityatA kA banA rahanA AtmA kA nityatva pakSa hai / paryAya (zarIra ) badalate rahane para bhI AtmA nahIM badalatI hai / AcArAMgakAra ne dravya kI apekSA se AtmA kI nityatA evaM paryAya kI apekSA se punarjanma donoM ko pramANita kara diyA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki vartamAna jIvana se pUrva aura vartamAna jIvana kI samApti ke pazcAt bhI AtmA ke astitva ko svIkRti hI AtmavAda arthAt AtmA kI amaratA kA siddhAnta hai / isake binA karma - siddhAnta aura punarjanma ko samyak rUpa se vyAkhyA karanA sambhava nahIM kyoMki punarjanma siddhAnta kA mUla yahI hai ki jo jaise karma karatA hai vaisI hI yoni yA janma prApta karatA hai / gItA" bhI AtmA kI amaratA ke sAtha punarjanma kI svIkAra karatI hai / samAdhitaMtra meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / atharvaveda meM bhI kahA hai ki yaha AtmA sanAtana hai / na kevala bhAratIya vicAraka apitu pAzcAtya dArzanika pleTo bhI kahatA hai ki "The soul always weaves her garment a a natural strength which will hold out and be 1 new. The soul has born many times."

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32 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana arthAt AtmA sadA apane lie nae-nae vastra bunatI hai tathA AtmA meM eka aisI naisargika zakti hai, jo dhuva rahego aura aneka bAra janma legii|72 isI taraha arastU, sukarAta, kANTa, jemsasetha mArTinyU Adi ne bhI AtmA aura maraNottara jIvana ko apane-apane DhaMga se yuktiyoM dvArA spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hADiMga bhI 'mUlyoM kI nityatA' kA siddhAnta mAnatA hai aura isI siddhAnta se AtmA kI amaratA ko siddha karatA hai|73 Atma-svAtantrya evaM puruSArthavAda : ___ nItizAstra kI mAnyatA hai ki naitikatA ke lie saMkalpa-svAtantrya kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| anyathA 'tumheM yaha karanA cAhie' isa naitika Adeza kA koI artha nahIM raha jaayegaa| kANTa kA kathana hai ki tumheM karanA cAhie kyoMki tuma kara sakate ho| isI taraha AcArAMga meM bhI sAdhaka ko aneka naitika Adeza die gae haiM jaise-'tumheM pramAda kA tyAga karanA cAhie', 'viSaya-kaSAyoM se nivRtta honA cAhie', indriyoM kA nigraha karanA cAhie, 'mana, vacana aura kAyA para saMyama rakhanA cAhie', sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karanA cAhie Adi / 'cAhie' meM kara sakane' kI svataMtratA nihita hai| saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ke abhAva meM naitika AdezoM ( cAhie ) kA koI artha nahIM hotA aura na vyakti ko dharma-adharma, puNya-pApa, ucita-anucita Adi ke lie uttaradAyI hI ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai| unhIM karmoM yA AcaraNoM ko hama acchA yA burA, ucita yA anucita kahate haiM, jinheM vyakti svataMtra rUpa se karatA hai| saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ke kAraNa hI vaha apane karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI mAnA jAtA hai| saMkalpa-zakti ke AdhAra para hI vaha burI AdatoM ko tyAgane meM saphala ho sakatA hai / __ AcArAMga meM 'uThiThae No pamAyae' 'appamatto parivvae', 'aNaNNaM care' 'allINaguttoparivvae' Adi jitane bhI AdezAtmaka vAkyoM kA vidhAna hai, ve saba manuSya meM nihita saMkalpa-zakti ko darzAte haiN| yadi vyakti saMkalpa karane evaM tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane meM svataMtra nahIM hai to usake lie upayukta naitika Adeza evaM naitika Adarza donoM hI artha-zUnya ho jAte haiM / jaba kisI vyakti se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki tumheM pApakarma nahIM karanA cAhie, kisI ke prANoM kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie, to isakA Azaya yahI hotA hai ki vaha ina kAryoM ko karane aura na karane meM svataMtra hai|

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netikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 33 AcArAGga ke anusAra manuSya saMkalpa karane evaM usake anurUpa AcaraNa karane meM svataMtra hai| isalie vaha apane bandhana ke lie svayaM uttaradAyI hai| vAstava meM yaha AtmA makar3I kI bhA~ti duHkhoM kA jAla bichAkara svayaM hI ulajhatI hai arthAt vaha svayaM hI karmoM ko utpanna karatI hai aura usase AvRtta hoto hai, tathA svayaM hI tapa-tyAga, satya-saMyamAnuSThAna Adi ke dvArA karma-pravAha ko roka detI hai aura pUrNabaddha karmoM ko chinnabhinna kara zuddha ho jAtI hai / 74 na kevala AcArAGga apitu sampUrNa adhyAtmavAdI darzana samaveta svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki bandhana sadA bandhana nahIM raha sktaa| vaha tor3A jA sakatA hai aura kholA jA sakatA hai| AcArAGga meM kahA hai ki 'santipANA puDho siyA' pratyeka prANI AtmA kI (svataMtra ) sattA hai75 aura sAtha hI pratyeka AtmA anantazakti sampanna hai| yadi vaha cAhe to karma kI parataMtratA ko tor3akara svataMtra ho sakatI hai| phira bhI AcArAGga meM eka sthAna para jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'esa pasaMsie je baddhe paDimoyae'76 vahI vIra prazaMsita hotA hai jo bandhana se mukta hotA hai yA baddha ko mukta karatA hai| tIrthaMkara yA guru kisI ke bandhana ko tor3ate nahIM haiM, pratyuta bandhana tor3ane kA mArga yA upAya batA dete haiN| upAdAna to jIva svayaM hI hai / bandhana tor3ane kA puruSArtha svayaM AtmA ko hI karanA hogaa| ( sAmAnyatayA manuSya apane utthAna ke lie bAharI tattvoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai| AcArAGga hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki AdhyAtmika utthAna ke lie bAhya jagat meM bhaTakanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| vaha kahatA hai ki saccA mitra to bhItara hI baiThA hai| usakA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie he parama cakSuSmAn puruSa ! tujhe puruSArtha karanA cAhie / 77) (paramukhApekSitA se AtmA parAzrita evaM nirbala banatI hai| svAvalambI sAdhaka dUsaroM para nirbhara nahIM hotA, vaha apane Apa meM aura apanI upalabdhiyoM meM hI santuSTa rahatA hai| satya-prApti ke lie vaha dUsaroM ke Alambana kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai, apitu nirAvalambI hokara apanI sAdhanA aura saMkalpazakti ke bala para bandhana mukta ho jAtA hai / AcArAGga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki satya kA sAkSAtkAra usI ne kiyA hai jo ( anukUlapratikUla bAdhAoM se ) abhibhUta nahIM hotA, jo abhibhUta nahIM hotA vahI niravalamba hone meM samartha hotA hai| vAstava meM AtmotthAna vahI kara sakatA hai jo puruSArthI hai / isI kAraNa AcArAGga meM AtmA ko 'puruSa'

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34 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhaka ko apanI pauruSatA kA bhAna karAte hue AcArAta meM kahA gayA hai ki 'pUrisA! tumameva mittaM ki bahiyA mittamicchasi ?' he puruSa ! tU svayaM hI apanA mitra hai| phira tU apane ( AtmasvarUpa) se bAhara mitra kahA~ DhU~r3hatA hai ? arthAt kyoM unakI apekSA rakhatA hai79 ? isa bAta kI puSTi uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kI gaI hai ki AtmA hI apanA mitra aura zatru hai, supathagAmI AtmA mitra hai aura kupathagAmI AtmA zatru hai| isa sandarbha meM santa Anandaghana jI kA pada hai ki puruSa ! 'kisya majha nAma..... / he prabho ! merA puruSa nAma kaise sArthaka ho sakatA hai ? puruSa hote hae bhI merI sthiti puruSArtha-hIna ho rahI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAGgakA puruSArthavAda kA siddhAnta isa bAta meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA hai ki paramAtmA kisI kA utthAna-patana karatA hai| pratyeka jIva yA AtmA svayaM hI apane utthAna-patana ke lie uttaradAyI hai| jaba vaha svasvabhAva dazA meM ramaNa karatI hai taba usakA utthAna hotA hai aura jaba vaha vibhAva dazA meM ramaNa karatI hai, taba usakA patana hotA hai / bandhana aura makti usI ke Azrita hai| ajJAnI se jJAnI hone kA aura baddha se mukta hone kA sAmarthya usI meM hai| vaha sAmarthya kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA hai| vaha to usI ke bhItara hai aura usake puruSArtha se hI prakaTita hotI hai| isIlie AcArAGga meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki 'baMdha pamokkho sujjha ajjhattheva'82 bandha aura mokSa tere apane adhyavasAya para nirbhara haiN| ataH isa satya yA saMyama ko samyaktayA jAnakara (AlIna gupta) tathA jitendriya hokara parivrajana karanA caahie| yaha bhI kahA hai ki kRtArtha vIra muni ko sadA Agama ke anusAra puruSArtha karanA caahie| kyoMki yahA~ jaisA karmakSaya karane kA sAdhana hai vaisA anyatra durlabha hai, ataH zakti kA saMgopana nahIM karanA caahie| punazca kahA hai ki isa karma-zarIra arthAt Antarika viSaya-vikAroM ke sAtha yuddha karane se kyA lAbha ? phira isa ( Antarika ) yuddha ke yogya sAmagrI nizcita hI durlabha hai / 5 TIkAkAra ne bhI isakI vyAkhyA karate hue yahI kahA hai ki kAma krodhAdi Antarika vRttiyoM ke sAtha yuddha karane se tuma karma-phala rahita ho jaaoge| __uttarAdhyayana meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| buddha bhI Atma-saMgrAma ko hI zreSTha mAnate haiN|8 buddha kahate haiM ki yaha AtmA svayaM hI apanA svAmI hai, dUsarA kauna svAmI ho sakatA hai dUsarA? svayaM ko bhalIbhA~ti saMyata kara lene para vyakti Atma svAmitva ko pA letA hai|

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AghAra : 35 AtmA svakRta pApa se apane ko malina banA letA hai, aura apane svayaM ke dvArA nahIM kie gae pApa se zuddha rahatA hai| zuddhi-azuddhi svayaM para nirbhara hai| anya koI bhI vyakti kisI ko zuddha nahIM kara sktaa| gItA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki AtmA ho AtmA kA mitra hai aura vahI usakA zatru hai / ataH use cAhie ki vaha svayaM se svayaM kA uddhAra kre| kintu usakA patana na kre|90 mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA hai ki svataMtra AtmA svataMtratA ke dvArA svataMtratA (mukti ) ko prApta kara sakatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jIva svabhAvata : zuddha evaM svataMtra hai aura apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa vaibhAvika puruSArtha ke dvArA usane svayaM apane bandhana kA nirmANa kara liyA hai| kintu svAbhAvika puruSArtha se ho una vAsanAoM ke bandhanoM ko tor3akara vaha mukta ho sakatA hai arthAt karma-paramparA kA uccheda kara pUrNa svataMtratA prApta kara sakatA hai| karma bandhana aura duHkha kA hetu : duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| vaha usake lie satata prayatnazIla bhI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM kA pramukha pratyaya 'bandhana se mukti' rahA hai / sampUrNa sAdhanA bandhana se mukti ke lie hai / AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti ke lie hai| sAmAnyatayA isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA arthAt bAra-bAra maraNa hI bandhana hai, yahI duHkha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM to spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki janma duHkha hai, jarA duHkha hai, roga duHkha hai, mRtyu duHkha hai aura to kyA yaha sArA saMsAra hI duHkhamaya hai / 12 AcArAGga kA kathana hai ki ajJAnI jIva isa duHkha se mere saMsAra (Avarta) meM bhaTaka rahA hai / 3 manuSya duHkhoM se nivRtti to cAhatA hai parantu unake mUlabhUta kAraNoM yA srotoM ko khojakara unheM dUra karane kA prayAsa nahIM krtaa| sabakA anubhava bhI yahI hai| bandhana ( duHkha ) hai to nizcita hI usakA koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| AtmA kA bandhana bhI kAraNa ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| yaha sahI hai ki AcArAGga meM jaina darzana sammata karma-siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA, kintu 'karma-raja' hai, jIva karma se Abaddha hai, karma ke kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai, karma-zarIra ko 'dhuna DAlo', Adi kucha aise ullekha haiM, jo karma siddhAnta ke mUla AdhAra kahe jA sakate haiN| inhIM AdhAroM para AcArAGga kI dRSTi meM bandhana aura usake kAraNoM para vicAra karanA yahAM abhISTa hai /

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to do nic 36 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana __ AcArAGga ke anusAra jIva bandhana meM hai| vaha pApakarmoM se Abaddha hai| 4 karma ke phalasvarUpa vaha janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai aura aneka prakAra ke sukha-duHkha bhoga rahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArAGga ke anusAra karma hI saMsAra-bhramaNa kA mUla hetu hai / AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn ne saMsAra ke upAdAna kAraNa karma ko DhUMDha nikAlA aura usake svarUpa ko jAnakara pApakarma se vilaga ho gae / 95 AcArAGga niyukti meM kahA hai ki 'saMsArassa u mUlaM kamma tassavi hutiya kasAyA' saMsAra kA mUla karma hai aura karma kA mUla kaSAya hai|6 karma se hI samasta upAdhiyAM ( zarIra, AkRti, varNa, nAma, rUpa, sukha-duHkha kA anubhava evaM janma-maraNa Adi ) utpanna hotI haiN| saMsArI yA baddha jIva ina sabhI upAdhiyoM se jakar3A hai, jabaki karmarahita AtmA kA na to koI vyavahAra hotA hai aura na koI karma janita upAdhiyAM hI rahatI haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA ke bandhana kA ekamAtra kAraNa karma hI hai| jaba taka karma kA yaha pravAha rahegA taba taka AtmA bandhana (duHkha) se mukta nahIM ho sakatI, nirUpAdhikadazA ko prApta nahIM ho sktii| AcArAGga karma ko hI duHkhoM kA sAkSAt kAraNa svIkAra karate hue kahatA hai ki 'muNI moNaM samAdAya dhuNe kammasaroragaM' arthAt muni mauna ( saMyama ) svIkAra kara karma-zarIra kA nAza kara ddaale|99 yaha karma-zarIra hI duHkha kA mUla hai| yaha sthUla ( bhautika ) zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI naSTa nahIM hotA aura sthUla zarIra kI prApti meM kAraNabhUta bhI hotA hai| zarIra ko jaba taka kSINa nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka mAtra isa audArika (bhautika) zarIra ko kSINa karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai| kyoMki karma-zarIra ke AdhAra para hI jIva vibhinna yoniyoM meM naye-naye bhautika zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai aura isa prakAra saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| usake naSTa ho jAne para jIva kA saMsAra-paribhramaNa apane Apa samApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jar3a kATa dene para vRkSa apane Apa sUkha jAtA hai| isIlieAcArAGga meM karmazarIra ko dhuna DAlane para itanA jora diyA gayA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'kammaM ca paDilehA'100, arthAt karma kA pratilekhana karanA caahie| karma ke pratilekhana kA artha hai-karma kI samIkSA, athavA karma ke svarUpa ko jaannaa| karma ke svarUpa ko samyakarUpa se jAnakara bandhana meM DAlane vAle hetuoM se bacanA hI AcArAGga kI naitika zikSA kA sAra hai /

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 37 karma kA svarUpaH sAmAnyatayA 'karma' zabda kriyA yA kArya ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| purANoM meM 'karma' vrata-niyama Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / mImAMsakoM ke anusAra yajJAdi kriyAoM ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM 'karma' kA tAtparya usa kriyA se hai, jo AtmA ko parataMtra banAtI hai| AcArya devendra sUri ne karma kI paribhASA meM kahA hai 'korai jieNa heuhiM jeNaM to bhaNNae kamma' -mithyAtva, kaSAyAdi kAraNoM se jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karma hai / 101 karma kA yaha lakSaNa dravya karma aura bhAvakarma donoM para ghaTita hotA hai / jIva se sambaddha kArmaNa-vargaNA ke pudgala dravyakarma aura rAgadveSAtmaka vaibhAvika bhAvoM yA karma ke hetuoM ko bhAvakarma kahate haiN| ___ jaina dharma ke anusAra karma kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdikAlIna saMbaMdha hai / pratisamaya yaha jIva purAne karmoM ko kSINa karatA huA navIna karmoM kA upArjana ( bandha ) karatA rahatA hai| sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki kina kAraNoM se karma-bandha hotA hai ? Asrava : AcArAGga meM Asrava ko karma-bandha kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai| usameM 'Asava' aura 'parissava' ina do zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| Asrava bandhana kA hetu hai aura 'parisrava' mukti kaa| ___ Asrava kA tAtparya hai-'AsamantAt sravati karma aneneti AsravaH' jisake dvArA cAroM ora se karma Ate haiM use Asrava kahate haiM athavA 'AsUyate-upadIyate karma aneneti AsravaH' arthAt jisake dvArA karma grahaNa kiye jAte haiM vaha Asrava hai / AcArAGga ke TIkAkAra ne 'Asrava' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai 'AsravatyaSTa prakAraM karma yairArambhaste arthAt jina ( mithyAtvAdi ) ArambhoM yA srotoM ke dvArA ATha prakAra ke karma Ate haiM arthAt Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha ekameka ho jAte haiM una srotoM ko 'Asrava' kahate haiN| 102 isa vyAkhyA se dravyAsrava aura bhAvAsrava donoM kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| vibhinna jaina granthoM meM karma-srotoM ke mukhya rUpa se nimnAMkita kAraNa batAe gaye haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya, yoga aura pramAda / 103 praznavyAkaraNasUtra'04 ke anusAra hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ye pAMca AsravadvAra haiN| navatattva105 dopikA ke anusAra Asrava ke mukhya cAra bheda haiM-indriyAnava, kaSAyAsrava, avatAsrava aura yogAsrava /

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38 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAGga meM ukta karma-srotoM kI carcA yatra-tatra bikhare rUpa meM milatI hai| usameM karma-bandha ke kAraNoM kI suvyavasthita vivecanA nahIM hai| usameM kahIM atipAtasrota ( hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ) ko06, kahIM triyogarUpasrota (mana-vacana-aura kAyA kI pravRtti ) ko 107, kahIM 'rUvaMsi vA chaNaMsivA' kahakara hiMsA, jhaTha, corI Adi ko tathA cakSurindriya, zrotrendriya Adi pAMcoM indriyoM ko08, kahIM mAtra hiMsA ko109, kahIM ajJAna aura pramAda ko'10, kahIM AzA aura svacchaMdatA ko11, kahIM kevala rAga ko12, kahIM moha ko13, kahIM lobha aura kahIM kAmAsakti'14 yA viSayAsakti ko karma-srota ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| ukta sUtroM se sAmAnyataH yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki kauna kisakA sAkSAt kAraNa hai aura kauna paramparayA kAraNa hai| ina sabake mUla meM ajJAna yA rAga hI mukhya kAraNa pratIta hotA hai / AcArAGgakAra ne kahIM alaga-alaga ora kahIM ina sabako eka dUsare ke sAtha jor3akara sammilita rUpa se karmabandha kA hetu batalAyA hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jahA~ jaisA prasaMga AyA tadanurUpa una kAraNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvitoya'15 zru taskandha meM bhI aneka sthAnoM para karmabandha ke hetuoM kA ullekha milatA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArAGga ke anusAra sampUrNa loka karmasrota se parivyApta haiM, kintu jJAnI puruSa saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta bhAvasrotoM kA samyak rUpa se nirIkSaNa kara unase virata ho jAtA hai / 11 / vAstava meM sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM nirantara karmAsrava huA karatA hai| phira cAhe vaha IryApathika ho, athavA sAmparAyika / kaSAyarahita avasthA meM hone vAlA karmAsrava Ipithika hotA hai, vaha bandhana rUpa nahIM hotA, jabaki kaSAya prerita karmAsrava sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai jo bandhana kA kAraNa hai| bandha: __ kaSAyabhAva se Aye hue karma-paramANuoM kA Atma-pradezoM meM praviSTa ho jAnA yA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha kSIra-noravat ekameka ho jAnA hI bandha hai| jova apane vaibhAvika bhAvoM se karma-paramANuoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai| jaise cikane padArtha para raja kaNa Akara cipaka jAte haiM usI prakAra rAga-dveSa kI cikanAhaTa ke kAraNa karma-raja AtmA para cipaka jAte haiM arthAt AtmA ke sAtha saMzliSTa ho jAte haiM aura yahI bandha hai| jainadharma meM bandha ke cAra bheda varNita haiM-prakRtibandha, pradezabandha, sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha / yadyapi inakA vistRta vivecana AcArAGga meM

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 39 upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi paravartI jaina granthoM meM inakI suvistRta carcA niSkarSataH AcArAMGga kA karma-siddhAnta yaha sikhAtA hai ki jIva jaisA karma karatA hai usI ke anurUpa use karma-phala milatA hai ( As you Sow, so you must reap ) isa muhAvare meM AcArAMga ke samUce karmasiddhAnta kA sAra nihita hai| yahI karma-siddhAnta vyakti ko apane AcaraNa ke prati uttaradAyI banAtA hai, aura isa prakAra naitika uttaradAyitva kI avadhAraNA ko paripuSTa banAtA hai| bandhana se mukti ke upAya : _ AcArAGga meM na kevala karma-bandha evaM unake kAraNoM kA varNana hai, apitu una karmoM se mukta hone ke upAya bhI varNita haiN| AcArAGga meM kahA hai ki kuzala puruSoM ne duHkha evaM duHkha ke hetu se mukta hone kA mArga ( duHkha-parijJA ) batAyA hai / 17 yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki AtmA karmoM ke kAraNa malina banI huI hai, kintu vaha sAdhanA se parizuddha ho jAto hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra agni miTTI mizrita cAMdI ke maila ko jalAkara use zuddha banA detI hai, usI prakAra sabhI AsaktiyoM ( saMgoM) se rahita samyak jJAna pUrvaka AcaraNa karane vAlA dhairyavAna aura sahiSNu sAdhaka sAdhanA ke dvArA AtmA para lage hue karma-mala ko dUrakara use nirmala aura parizuddha banA letA hai| 18 jJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa karane vAlA, nirAkAMkSI aura maithuna se sarvathA nivRtta muni duHkharUpa zayyA arthAt karmabandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai / 119 AcArAGga kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra mahAsamudra ko bhujAoM se tairakara pAra kara pAnA kaThina hai usI prakAra saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karanA kaThina hai| ataH (jJaparijJA se ) saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAnakara (pratyAkhyAnaparijJA se ) usakA parityAga kre| isa taraha tyAga karane vAlA jJAnI muni karmoM kA kSayakartA kahalAtA hai / 120 / ___ sAmAnyatayA jaina darzana meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke rUpa meM trividha mokSamArga kA vivecana hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM evaM AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM, darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ke rUpa meM caturvidha mokSamArga kA vivecana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| ina sabase bhinna AcArAGga meM eka anya prakAra se bhI mokSa mArga kA vivecana hai| usameM kahA gayA hai-'nikkhitta daNDANaM samAdiyANaM paNNANamANaM iha muttimagge' arthAt hiMsA se virati ( ahiMsA ), prajJA aura samAdhi

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40 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yaha mokSa mArga hai / AcArAGga kA yaha trividha mokSamArga-bauddhadharma ke zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ke rUpa meM svIkRta trividha nirvANa mArga se nikaTatA rakhatA hai| vaise AcArAGga meM ekatra rUpa se to nahIM kintu pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se samyaka darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA bhI ullekha upalabdha hai| ____ AcArAGga meM kahIM-kahIM ina tInoM kI sAdhanA ke sAtha tapa ko bhI mokSa-sAdhanA ke rUpa meM cauthA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo ki cAritra kA hI eka bheda hai| isa prakAra AcArAGga ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kI samanvita sAdhanA se AtmA karma-bandhana se mukta ho jAtI hai / bandhana se mukti ko prakriyA : bandhana se mukti ke lie cAra tattvoM kA parijJAna honA Avazyaka hai-(1) bandhana, (2) bandhana kA kAraNa, (3) bandhana se mukti tathA, (4) mukti ke upAya | Asrava bandhana kA kAraNa hai to saMvara navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokane kA aura tapa purAne karmoM kI nirjarA kA upAya hai / sAdhaka jaba taka bandhana aura mokSa ke yathArtha svarUpa ko tathA mokSa ke mArga ko nahIM jAna letA taba taka vaha karmoM kA kSaya arthAt mukti nahIM prApta kara sakatA / isa saMdarbha meM AcArAGga kA kathana hai'jahA ya baddhaM iha mANavehiM, jahAya tesitu vimokkha Ahie ahA tahA bandha vimokkha je viu, se hu muNo antakar3e tti vuccai' / (AcArAGga2-16) jisa prakAra isa saMsAra meM jIvoM ne karma kA bandhana kiyA hai, usI prakAra ve una baddha karmoM se mukta bhI ho sakate haiN| jo muni bandha aura mokSa ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vaha nizcaya hI karmoM kA kSaya (anta) karane vAlA kahA jAtA hai| saMvara: ___ karmo se mukta hone ke lie saMvara ko sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| saMvara ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM-'saMvRNoti karma aneneti saMvaraH' arthAt jisake dvArA Ane vAle nae karma ruka jAyeM use saMvara kahate haiN| AcArAGga kA kathana hai ki viSaya-kaSAyoM ( srotoM) kA nirodha karane vAlA sAdhaka karma-rahita hokara jJAtA-draSTA bana jAtA hai / 21 karma apanA phala dete haiM yaha dekhakara jJAnI puruSa usa karmAsrava

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 41 kA nirodha kara detA hai / 122 yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki hiMsAdi Asrava dvAroM se nivRtta ( virata ) muni ke lie janmamaraNAdi rUpa duHkha mArga avaruddha ho jAte haiM / 123 isa prakAra sAdhaka saMvara kI sAdhanA se karmoM ke Agamana ko rokakara nirjarA kI sAdhanA se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko kSINa kara detA hai| nirjarA: nirjarA kA artha hai-jarjarita kara denA, kSINa kara denaa| dUsare zabdoM meM pUrva saMcita karmoM ko AtmA se pRthak kara denA hI nirjarA hai AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki karmoM kA prakampita karane vAlA ( vidhUta kalpI ) maharSi pUrvopArjita karmoM ko sukhAkara kSaya kara DAlatA hai / 124 isake atirikta tapa ko bhI karma-nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnakara kahA gayA hai ki tapa-saMyama ke dvArA rAgAdi bandhanoM ko chinna-bhinna kara sAdhaka niSkarma-darzI arthAt karmarahita ho jAtA hai aura vaha karma rahita AtmA (niSkarmadarzI) mRtyu se mukta ho jAtA hai / 125 isa prakAra nae karmoM ke nirodha aura purAne karmoM ke kSaya se sAdhaka caitanya sva-svarUpa ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai jo duHkhAtIta avasthA hai| mokSaH mukti ke sambandha meM AcArAGga meM 'nirvANa', 'parinirvANa', 'mokSa' 'pramokSa', athavA 'mukti' Adi se sambandhita yatra-tatra kucha sUtra to upalabdha hote haiM kintu mokSa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM aisA suvyavasthita varNana usameM upalabdha nahIM hai jaisA ki uttarakAlona jaina AgamoM evaM granthoM meM milatA hai| AcArAGga meM 'mukti' ke sthAna ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai kintu muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA mArmika vivecana lokasAra nAmaka adhyana ke chaThe uddezaka meM hai jisakI vistRta carcA hama muktAtmA ke svarUpa ke prasaMga meM kara cuke haiM / AcArAGga ke anusAra vyakti kA carama lakSya mukti hai| usane suvyavasthita rUpa se mokSamArga ( muntimaggaM ) kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura vyakti ko yaha preraNA dI hai ki vaha 'mokSa' prApta kare / AcArAGga meM mukti kA tAtparya karma, duHkha evaM bandhana se mukti hai| saMsAra ke janmamaraNa rUpa duHkhoM se chuTakArA pA lenA hI mukti hai| AcArAGga janmamaraNa ke cakrAkAra ( vRtta ) mArga ke atikramaNa para bala detA hai / 126 usake anusAra mukti kA Azaya hai-karma mukti, rAga-dveSa se mukti, saMsAra ke Avarta aura tajjanya duHkhoM se mukti /

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42 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana __sArAMza meM samasta karmajanya aupAdhika bhAvoM se mukti evaM svasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hI mokSa hai / mokSa prApta karanA ho naitika jIvana kA carama lakSya aura parama puruSArtha hai| sandarbha-sUcI adhyAya 2 1. saMgamalAla pANDeya, nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, senTrala buka Dipo, ilAhAbAda, san 1969, pR0 42. 2. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya Kant's Selection, Scribner's Series, p. 268. 3. Urban : Fundamental of Ethics p. 357. 4. Ibid p.357. 5. brahmasUtra, acyuta graMthamAlA kAryAlaya kAzI, saMvat 1991. 6. zrImadvijaya rAjendrasUri jI, abhidhAna rAjendra koza khaNDa 2, zrIzvetAmbara samasta saMgha, jaina prabhAkara presa, ratalAma, san 1913, pR0 188. 7. AcArAGga, 1/5/5. 8. NANe puNa niyamaM AyA, bhagavatIsUtra 12/10. 9. zrI zayaMbhavasUri, dazavakAlika sUtra, a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0), dvitIya AvRtti, san 1964, 9/3/11. 10. zrImadkundakundAcArya, samayasAra , zrI paramazru taprabhAvaka maNDala (zrImad rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA ) agAsa, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1974, 6-7. 11. amRtacandrasUrI, samayasAra kalaza 62. 12. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad prathama khaNDa ), vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 4/5/6. 13. AcArAGga, 1/1/11. 14. AcArAGga, 1/3/2. 15. vahI, 1/1/5/5. 16. vahI, 1/1/1. 17. saMpA0 munizrI jambUvijaya jI, sUtrakRtAMga, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, iNDo lAjika TrasTa, baMgalo roDa, javAharanagara, dillA-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1978, 1/1/13-21. 18. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, bhogIlAla bulAkhIdAsa dalAla, zrI jaina prAcya vidyAbhavana, elIsabrija, ahamadAbAda, san 1954, 20/37. 19. samayasAra, zrI jinendravarNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 81-84. 20. zrImadkundakundAcArya, niyamasAra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1916, 18. 21. zrImadkundakundAcArya, paMcAstikAya-dravyAdhikAra, zrIparamazra taprabhAvaka .

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 43 maNDala ( zrImadrAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA ), agAsa, tRtIya AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2025, gA0 57. 22. zrImadnemicandra siddhAntadeva, vRhadravyasaMgraha, paramazru taprabhAvakamaNDala (zrImadrAyacandra jaina-zAstramAlA ) agAsa, tRtIya AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2022, 2/8-9. 23. vAdideva sUri, pramANanayatattvAloka, anu0 paM zobhAcandra bhArilla nyAyatIrtha, Atma jAgRti kAryAlaya, jainagurukula, zikSaNasaMgha, vyAvara, prathama AvRtti, san 1942, 7/56. 24. AcArAMga, 1/5/6/5 para a0 zI0 TI0 mumbApurIya zrI siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti sUrata 1935 patrAMka, 208-209. 25. niyamasAra, 176-177. 26. TIkAkAra harikRSNadAsa goyandakA, yogadarzana, gItApresa, gorakhapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saM0 2011, 1/24. 27. AcArAGga, 1/5/6. 28. saMpA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, ThANAMga, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, 5/3/530. 29. samayasAra, 49/55. 30. niyamasAra, 178-179. 31. zrImad yogindradeva, paramAtmaprakAza, zrIparamazra taprabhAvaka maNDala, ( zrImad rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA ) agAsa, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1973, 86.93. 32. saM0 mahatAbacanda khAreDa vizArada, AnandaghanagranthAvalI, zrIvijayacanda garagar3a, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura (rAja0) prathamAvRtti, vI0 saM0 2031, pada 11. 33. kenopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) prathama khaNDa, vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 1/3. 34. kaThopaniSad, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi0 ___ saM0 2028, 1/3/15. / 35. muNDakopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) prathama khaNDa, pUnA, 1/6/1. 36. mANDUkyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ), sUtra-6. 37. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) 4/5/15. 38. saM0 paM0 jagadIzacandra zAstrI, brahmavidyopaniSad ( upaniSad saMgraha ), motI lAla banArasIdAsa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970, 81-91. 39. zvetAzvataropaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ), vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, __ prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 5/10. 40. paM0 jagadIzacandra zAstrI, subAlopaniSad ( upaniSad saMgraha 108 ), moto lAla banArasIdAsa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970, pR0 210.

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44 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana 41. bhagavadgotA 2/23. 42. AcArAGga 1/5/6. 43. taittirIyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, brahmAnanda vallI 2/9/1. 44. Anandaghana granthAvalI-pada 6 . 45. AcArAGga 1/3/3. 46. vahI, 1/3/2. 47. gItA, 2/23. 48. sthAnAga, 5/3/530. 49, bhagavatI, 19/6/387. 50. chAndogyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) prathama khaNDa, vaidika saMzodhana ___maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 6/11/3. 51. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-6. 52. AcArAGga, 11. 53. vahI, 1 / 2 / 3. 54. vahI, 1 / 2 / 6. 55. AcArAGga, 112 / 3. 56. bhagavatIsUtra, 2 / 5. 57. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 1, 115 / 1 tulanIya-IzAvAsyopaniSad 3. 58. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 2. 59. Rgveda, hariyANA sAhitya saMsthAna gurukula jhajjara, rohataka, saM0 2041, 1059 / 67. 60. yajurveda, ajamera vaidika yantrAlaya, vi0 saM0 1956, 4.15, 19 / 47-19. 61. vasanta zrIpAdasAtavalekara atharvaveda saMhitA, svAdhyAya maNDala, bhArata mudraNAlaya ( pArar3I ), ji. sUrata, tRtIya AvRtti, san 1957, 7 / 67 / 1, 5 / 112. 62. kaThopaniSad-paMcamavallI, 2 / 5 / 7, chAndogyopaniSad, 5 / 10 / 7. 63. saM0 surendralAla gosvAmI, nyAyasUtravivaraNam, le0 rAdhAmohanagosvAmI, meDikala hAla presa, banArasa, 1903, 4 / 1 / 10, 3 / 2 / 64. 64. yogdrshn-2|12-13. 65. giitaa-14|18, 16 / 20, 2 / 12-13, 4 / 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 66. AcArya narendradeva,bauddhadharmadarzana-bihAra rASTrabhASA-pariSad sammelana-bhavana, paTanA-3, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1956, pR0 284 tathA sampAdaka-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, majjhimanikAya ( majjhiya paNNA saMka, 2 ), pAli prakAzana maNDala, bihAra rAjya, san 1958, 3 / 13. 67. vivecanakartA-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAti. prakAzaka zrI mohanalAla dIpacanda caukasI, zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka TrasTa borDa bambaI-3, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1996, 5 / 29. 68. AcArAGga, 111 / 1. 69. gItA, 2.13, 22,23 evaM 8186.

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naitikatA ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra : 45 70. pUjyapAda, samAdhitantra, sarvazrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1939, 76,77 / 71. atharvaveda, 108 / 23. 72. uddhRta-muni nathamalajI, jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA, prakA0 kamaleza caturvedI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja.) saMskaraNa 1973, pR0 269. 73. DA0 dIvAnacanda pazcimI-darzana, pR0 219 / 74. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 2. 75. AcArAGga, 11213-7. 76. vahI, sh2|5. 77. vahI, 1 / 5 / 2. 78. AcArAGga, 1 / 5 / 6 para zI0 TI0 patrAMka 205. 79. AcArAGga 11313. 80. uttarAdhyayana, 2036, 37. 81. vivecaka-motIcanda giradharalAla kApar3iyA, Anandaghana caubIsI, santa Anandaghana, prakA0 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, ogasTa krAnti mArga, mumbaI-26, prathama AvRtti, saM0 1970, 82. AcArAGga, 115 / 2. 83. vahI, 115 / 6. 84. vahI, 1 / 5 / 3. 85. vahI, 1 / 5 / 3. 86. AcArAGga, 115 / 2 para zIlAMka TIkA patrAM0 190. 87. uttarAdhyayana, 9 / 34-35. 88. saMpA0 zrIsatkArizarmA vaGgIya, dhammapada, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1, ___dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1977. 8 / 4. 89. vahI, 12 / 4, 12 / 9. 90. gItA, 6 / 5-6. 91. maharSi vedavyAsa, mahAbhArata, (zAntiparva ), gItAprasa, gorakhapura, 308 / 27-30. 92. uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 15 93. AcArAGga, 1 / 2 / 3. 94. vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 95. vahI, 1 / 9 / 1. 96. AcArAGganiyukti, 189. 97. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 1. 98. vahI, 1 / 3 / 1, 1 / 3 / 4. 99. vahI, 1 / 2 / 6, 1 / 4 / 2. 100. vahI, 113 / 1. 101. zrImad devendrasUri, anuvAdaka-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, karmagrantha-prathama bhAga ( hindI anuvAda sahita ), zrI AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1939, gA0 1. 102. AcArAGga 1/4/2 para zIlA0 TI0, patrAMka 164. 103. (ka) tattvArthasUtra 831. (kha) samayasAra, 164. (ga) zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI gommaTasAra zrI paramazru ta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, caturtha AvRtti san 1972, karmakANDa 86. (gha) bRhadravyasaMgraha 29-30. (Ga) samavAyAMga-paMcamasamavAya 18.

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46 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 104. zrI jJAnavimalasUri, praznavyAkaraNasUtra (vRttisahita) prathama-dvitIyakhaNDa, zrI muktivimalajainagranthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1895, AsravadvAra. 105. le0 zrI dhIrajalAla TokarazI, navatattvadIpikA, jaina sAhitya prakAzana mandira, cIMca bandara, bambaI-9, prathama AvRtti, san 1966, gA0 21. 106. AcArAGga, 1 / 9 / 1. 107 vahI, 1 / 3 / 4. 108. AcArAGga, 115 / 3, 1 / 2 / 6, 1 / 4 / 4 evaM AcArAGga 115 / 3 para zolAM0 TI0 patra0 191. 109. vahI, 1131. 110. vahI, 115 / 1 111. vahI, 1 / 2 / 4. 112. vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 113. vahI, 11531. 114, vahI, 13 / 2. 115 vyAkhyAkAra-zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja, AcArAGga-sUtram 'AcAryazrI AtmArAmajI, jainAgama prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1965' 2 / 1 / 2 / 13, 2 / 1 / 5 / 26, 2 / 16 / 35, 2 / 17 / 37, 2 / 1 / 9 / 50, 2 / 1 / 11 / 61, 2 / 2 / 1 / 66-67, 2 / 2 / 1 / 71, 2.2 / 2 / 73-74, 2 / 2 / 3 / 88-106, 2 / 3 / 1 / 115-117, 2 / 3 / 3 / 127, 2 / 5 / 1 / 146, 2 / 6 / 1 / 152 evaM 2[8 / 163. 116. AcArAGga, 1 / 5 / 6. 117. AcArAGga, 1 / 2 / 6. 118. AcArAGga 2 / 16 119. vahI, 2 / 16 120. vahI, 2016 121. AcArAGga, 1 / 5 / 6 122. AcArAGga, 1 / 4 / 4 123. AcArAGga, 1 / 5 / 2. 124. vahI, 1 // 3 // 3, 1 / 3 / 2. 125. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 2. para zIlAM0 TI0 patrAMka 1456. 126. AcArAGga, 115!3.

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C tRtIya adhyIya naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga (a) sApekSa aura nirapekSa naitikatA : AcAra-darzana ke kSetra meM sadA se nIti ke sApekSa aura nirapekSa svarUpa ko lekara paryApta cintana hotA rahA hai / sApekSavAdI AcAradarzana mAnatA hai ki AcAra ke niyamopaniyama deza, kAla, paristhiti aura vyakti ke AdhAra para badalate rahate haiM / ve apavAda -yukta bhI hote haiN| Adhunika yuga meM samAja vaijJAnika sApekSavAda, manovaijJAnika sApekSavAda, arthavaijJAnika sApekSavAda Adi vicAradhArAe~ sApekSanaitikatA ko svIkAra karatI haiM / unake anusAra naitika niyama sArvakAlika aura sArvalaukika nahIM hote haiM / eka hI prakAra kA AcaraNa eka paristhiti meM ucita ho sakatA hai, vahI AcaraNa paristhiti badalane para anucita bhI ho sakatA hai / isake viparIta nirapekSavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra naitika AcaraNa nirapavAda hotA hai / deza, kAla, paristhiti aura vyakti ke badalane para bhI mUlyavattA aparivartanIya hI rahatI hai / jo AcaraNa zubha hai, vaha sadaiva hI zubha hogA aura jo azubha hai, vaha sadaiva azubha hI rahegA, kisI bhI paristhiti meM zubha, azubha nahIM ho sakatA aura azubha, zubha nahIM ho sakatA / isa sandarbha meM vicAra karane para AcArAGga meM nIti ke nirapekSa aura sApekSa donoM pakSa prApta hote haiM / yahA~ para sarvaprathama sApekSa naitikatA ke sandarbha meM vicAra karanA samucita hogA / nIti kI sApekSatA kA prazna aura AcArAGgaH anubhava prAyaH yaha hai ki eka hI kAryaM kabhI kartavya rUpa meM vihita hotA hai aura kabhI avihita hotA hai| eka hI AcaraNa eka paristhiti meM sat hotA hai aura dUsarI paristhiti meM asat / eka vyakti ke lie jo karma zubha hotA hai, vahI dUsare ke lie azubha bhI ho sakatA hai / AcArAGga meM 'kahA hai ki jo Asrava arthAt karma - bandhana ke sthAna haiM ve ho parisrava arthAt karma - nirjarA ke sthAna bana jAte haiM / " isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI kArya kI naitika mUlyavattA una paristhiyoM para nirbhara karatI hai, jinameM vaha karma kiyA gayA hai / jo karma Asrava arthAt bandhana ke nimitta

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48: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana haiM ve hI paristhiti ke badalane para parisrava arthAt mokSa ke hetu bana sakate haiM / isI taraha jo karma mukti ke hetu haiM ve hI aneka bAra bandhana ke hetu bana jAte haiN| AcArAGga TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya ne sAdhaka kI bhAva-dhArA ko Asrava-saMvara kA AdhAra batAte hue yahI kahA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti ke lie jo Asrava ( karma-bandhana ) ke sthAna haiM jJAnI puruSa ke lie ve ho nirjarA ke hetu bana jAte haiM / strI, vastra, alaMkAra, zayyA Adi viSayasukha ke kAraNabhUta padArtha karma-bandha ke hetu hone se Asrava rUpa mAne gaye haiM / ye hI padArtha viSaya se parAGmukha yA virAgI sAdhaka ke lie karma nirjarA ke hetu bana jAte haiN| isI taraha tapa, japa dhyAna, dazavidha samAcAro Adi jo dharmAnuSThAna karma-nirjarA ke kAraNa haiM ve hI ajJAnI vyakti ke ahaMkAra Adi azubha adhyavasAya yA manobhAvoM ke kAraNa Asrava rUpa ho jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jo AcAra-niyama ( saMyama-sthAna) parisrava ke hetu hote haiM, asambaddha vyakti ke lie ve Asrava ke hetu bana jAte haiM aura jo karma bandhana ke heta haiM virAgI ke lie ve hI parisrava ke hetu bana jAte haiM / / AcArAGga TIkA meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki jitane saMsAra ke hetu haiM satyaniSTha ke lie ve saba nirvANa-sukha ke hetu bana jAte haiN| adhyAtmasAra aura oniyukti meM bhI yahI bAta anya zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai| sAmAnyatayA laukika anubhava meM bhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki tIrtha-yAtrA, deva-darzana, deva-pUjana, bhojana, dAna Adi jaisI sAmAnya kriyAe~ eka ke lie dharmarUpa hotI haiM to dUsare ke lie pAparUpa bana jAtI haiN| niSkarSa yaha ki kisI vastu, ghaTanA, pariNAma yA dharmAnuSThAna kI zubhAzubhatA ke sandarbha meM aikAntika daSTikoNa se nirNaya karanA ucita nahIM hai / kartA ke adhyavasAyoM yA manobhAvoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa eka hI sthiti, kriyA yA ghaTanA kisI ke lie karma-bandha ( Asrava ) kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai to kisI ke lie karma-nirjarA (parisrava) kaa| AcArya amitagati ne bhI yogasAra meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki indriya viSaya kA sevana karane para jahA~ ajJAnI karma-bandha karatA hai, vahA~ jJAnI karma-bandhana se chUTatA hai-karma kI nirjarA karatA hai / vastutaH jainadarzana meM bAhya vidhi-vidhAnoM kA utanA Agraha nahIM hai jitanA ki Antarika zuddhi yA bhAvAnAtmaka pariNati kA hai| parantu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga : 49 hai ki loka vyavahAra meM vastu, ghaTanA yA sthiti ke mahattva kI upekSA kI jAya / jainAcAryoM ne manobhAvoM ke sAtha hI deza, kAla ora paristhiti ko bhI karmoM ke naitika prabhAva kA AdhAra batAyA hai / AcaraNa ke zubhAzubhatva ke sandarbha meM naizcayika dRSTi se manaHsthiti yA bhAvoM kA jitanA mahattva hai, vyAvahArika dRSTi se utanA hI mahattva deza, kAla aura paristhiti kA bhI hai / AcArya haribhadra sUri kA kathana hai ki manobhAvoM kI vizuddhipUrvaka dravya, kSetra aura kAla ke anukUla AcaraNa karanA cAhie / jisase sva-para kalyANa rUpa phala sampanna ho vahI vyavahAra AcAraNIya hai / AcArAGga TIkA meM bhI kahA hai ki jisa deza kAla meM jo vastu dharma hotI hai vahI paristhiti vizeSa meM yA tadbhinna deza kAla meM adharmaM bhI ho sakatI hai / uttarAdhyayana cUrNa meM kahA hai ki tIrthaMkara dezakAlAnurUpa dharmopadeza karate haiM / " aSTakaprakaraNa meM AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki deza, kAla aura rogAdi ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI aisI viziSTa paristhitiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM ki akArya kArya bana jAtA hai aura kArya akArya bana jAne se tyAjya ho jAtA hai' arthAt jo vidhAna hai vaha niSedha bana jAtA hai aura jo niSedha hai vaha vidhAna bana jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki tIrthaMkaroM ne kisI kArya ke zubhAzubha ke sambandha meM ekAntavAda pakar3akara calane ke lie nahIM kahA hai / prazamarati prakaraNa meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai ki deza kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para grAhya vastu bhI agrAhya ho jAtI hai aura paristhiti badalane para agrAhya vastu bhI grAhya ho jAtI haiN| 10 na kevala AcArAGga apitu anya bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya vicAradhArA meM bhI yaha dhAraNA svIkRta rahI hai ki naitika niyama dezakAla aura vyakti sApekSa haiM 199 .13 mahAbhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para naitika niyamoM kI sApekSatA kA pratipAdana huA hai| gItA 12 meM bhI dezakAlagata sApekSatA ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai / gItArahasya 13 ke karma-jijJAsA nAmaka prakaraNa meM isase sambandhita kAphI carcAe~ haiM / buddha 4 kA dRSTikoNa bhI kA samarthaka rahA hai / hAnsa 15, mila " jAnaDIvI", breDale ", spensara Adi pazcimI vicAraka bhI AcaraNa ke naitika niyamoM ko sApekSa sApekSa naitikatA mAnate haiM / 3

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50 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana nirapekSa naitikatA aura AcArAGga : sApekSa naitika niyama jahA~ deza, kAla Adi kI dRSTi se parivartana zIla hote haiM, vahA~ niratekSa naitika niyama aparivartanIya mAne jAte haiN| jIvana ke jo zAzvata mUlya haiM, unameM parivartana kadApi saMbhava nahIM, aisA kucha vicAraka mAnate haiM aura isa vicAradhArA kA apanA mahattva hai| jainadharma meM bhI paryAyAthika aura dravyArthika dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para tattvoM kA vivecana evaM padArthoM kA vizleSaNa huA hai| jaina-darzana meM isake lie do zabda sarvatra pracalita haiM-vyavahAra aura nishcy| nizcaya dRSTi ko samajhe binA vyavahAra dRSTi ko apanAne meM bhrAMti ho sakatI hai| vAstava meM sApekSa aura nirapekSa yA vyavahAra aura nizcaya, donoM dRSTikoNa paraspara pUraka haiN| AcArAGga meM bhI nirapekSa naitikatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / isameM kahA hai ki atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA dharma-prarUpaNa eka hI hotA hai ki kisI bhI prANI-jIva yA sattva kA vadha nahIM karanA cAhie, balAt unheM na zAsita karanA cAhie aura na unheM paritApa denA cAhie / yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai / 19 AtmajJa arhatoM ne sabake liye isa ahiMsA dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yaha sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika nirapekSa nIti hai / yadi naitikatA meM nirapekSatA aura aparivartana zIlatA kA tattva nahIM hai to phira sarvocca zubha yA naitika Adarza kA koI aucitya nahIM raha jaayegaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki naitikatA ke do pahalU haiM-eka parivartanIya aura dUsarA aparivartanIya / ahiMsA zAzvata aura aparivartanIya dharma hai| kisI bhI yuga meM dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahu~cAnA, mAranA, satAnA yA unakA zoSaNa karanA dharma nahIM ho sakatA / ahiMsA Atma dharma hai aura Antarika rUpa meM sadaiva nirapekSa dharma hai| vaha traikAlika satya dharma hai, jaise-vRkSa prativarSa patajhar3a ke mausama meM patra-puSpAdi kI dRSTi se bAhya rUpa meM badalatA rahatA hai kintu mUla rUpa meM vaha sthAyI rahatA hai, vaise hI, sApekSa rUpa meM loka dharma badalatA rahatA hai, parantu maulika rUpa meM vaha zAzvata rahatA hai / jisa prakAra deha ke badalane para bhI AtmA nahIM badalatI usI prakAra ahiMsA bhI nitya evaM aparivartanIya hone ke nAte dharma kI AtmA mAnI gaI hai| usake maulika yA nirapekSa rUpa meM kisI bhI

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naitikatA ko maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga : 51 prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hai / pAzcAtya dArzanika DIvI kA vicAra AcArAGga ke bahuta nikaTa hai / usakA kathana hai ki naitikatA kA zarIra parivartanazIla aura sApekSika hai parantu naitikatA kI sAdhyarUpI AtmA aparivartanazIla aura nirapekSa hai / 20 naitikatA kA sAmAnya svarUpa sthAyI rahatA hai, kintu naitikatA kA vizeSa svarUpa samayAnurUpa paristhitiyoM ke parivartana ke sAtha badalatA rahatA hai / kATa kA kathana hai ki jo karma zubha hai vaha sadaiva zubha rahegA aura jo azubha hai vaha sadaiva azubha rahegA / dezakAla ke anusAra naitika AcaraNa kA mUlya parivartita nahIM hotA / naitika Adarza nirapekSa hotA hai, jabaki naitika jIvana sApekSa / netika Adarza kI prApti ke sAdhana bhI sApekSa hote haiM / ataH AdarzamUlaka naitikatA ko nirapekSa aura sAdhanAmUlaka naitikatA ko sApekSa kaha sakate haiM / sAdhAraNatayA sAmAnya yA mUlabhUta niyama hI nirapekSa evaM aparivartanIya mAne jA sakate haiM, vizeSa niyama sApekSa aura parivartanIya hI hote haiM / hA~, aneka paristhitiyoM meM maulika yA sAmAnya niyamoM ke bhI apavAda ho sakate haiM aura ve naitika bhI ho sakate haiM, phira bhI apavAda kabhI bhI niyama kA sthAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA / 21 naitika AcaraNa ke Antarika aura bAhya do pakSa haiM / usakA saMkalpAtmaka pakSa Antarika hotA hai / vaha sadaiva paristhiti-nirapekSa hotA hai| jabaki usakA bAhya pakSa AcaraNAtmaka hotA hai / vaha paristhitisApekSa hotA hai / hiMsA kA saMkalpa sadaiva anaitika hotA hai / kisI paristhiti meM vaha dharma yA naitika nahIM ho sakatA, kintu hiMsA kA karma sadaiva anaitika aura anAvaraNIya hI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / AcArAGga meM nirapekSa naitikatA aura sApekSa naitikatA donoM dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM / eka ora to vaha 'je AsavA te parissavA' kahakara sApekSa naitikatA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura dUsarI ora vaha 'esa dhamme suddha nicce sAsae' kahakara nirapekSa naitikatA para jora detA hai / eka ora vaha kahatA hai ki ahiMsA sArvakAlika aura sArvalaukika zAzvata dharma hai to dUsarI ora vaha yaha bhI kahatA hai ki jo AcAra bandhana kA hetu hai, vahI AcAra mukti kA hetu bana jAtA hai aura jo mukti kA hetu hai, vahI bandhana kA nimitta bana jAtA hai| vastutaH AcArAGga ke anusAra vRtyAtmaka yA saMkalpAtmaka naitikatA nirapekSa

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52 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aura AcaraNAtmaka naitikatA sApekSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vyAvahArika naitikatA sApekSa hai aura naizcayika naitikatA nirapekSa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki nirapekSavAdI vicAradhArA mAtra Adarza naitikatA para jora detI hai aura sApekSavAdI vicAradhArA yathArtha naitikatA pr| isake viparIta AcArAGga ekAntika dRSTikoNa kI apekSA, abhISTa lakSya para pahu~cane ke lie Adarza aura yathArtha donoM pahaluoM ko anekAMtika dRSTi se yA samanvaya dRSTi se prastuta karatA hai / nirapekSatA Adarza hai aura sApekSatA vyavahAra yA yathArtha / AcArAGga meM utsarga aura apavAda mArga : sApekSa aura nirapekSa naitikatA ke sandarbha meM utsarga aura apavAda mArga kI carcA kara lenA bhI ucita hogaa| __ jainAgamoM meM sAdhanA ke do aMga nirUpita haiM-utsarga aura apavAda / eka ke binA dUsarA adharA yA apUrNa hai| naitika jIvana ke lie yathAvasara ina donoM kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / donoM ke milane para hI antima dhyeya kI siddhi sambhava hai| ___ AcArAGga meM sAmAnya sthiti meM vidhi-niSedha rUpa AcaraNa sambandhI jo sAmAnya niyama batAe gae haiM unakA usI rUpa meM pAlana karanA utsarga mArga hai aura kinhIM viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM unhIM sAmAnya niyamoM yA vidhi-niSedhoM meM kucha samaya ke lie zithilatA kara denA apavAda mArga hai| saMkSepa meM sAmAnya vidhi-niSedha ko utsarga-mArga aura vizeSa vidhi-niSedha ko apavAda mArga kaha sakate haiN| aise hI vicAra sthAnAMgasUtra22, upadezapada3, syAdvAdamaMjarI24 Adi granthoM meM bhI vyakta haiN| utsarga-apavAda ke sambandha meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ye donoM mArga bhI apane Apa meM ekAntika nahIM haiN| yathA paristhiti utsarga apavAda ho sakatA hai aura apavAda utsarga / nizIthabhASya evaM cUrNi ke anusAra jo kArya samartha sAdhaka ke lie utsarga sthiti meM niSiddha hai vahI kArya asamartha sAdhaka ke lie apavAda sthiti meM kartavya rUpa ho jAtA hai25, aura isameM kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM hai| yahI bAta bRhatkalpabhASya aura aSTakaprakaraNa27 meM bhI kahI gaI hai| mahAvatoM ke apavAda : AcArAna ke saMdarbha meM : __ AcArAMga meM sthUla evaM sUkSma sabhI prakAra kI jIva-hiMsA kA niSedha

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 53 hai| zramaNa ke lie yaha utsarga vidhAna hai ki vaha jIvana bhara trikaraNa aura triyoga se kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na kare na karavAe aura na karane vAloM kA anumodana kare / 28 kyoMki sabhI ko prANa priya haiM aura mRtyu apriya hai / 29 bhikSu hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai, ataH vaha kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTa pahuMce aisA AcaraNa nahIM krtaa| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArAGga meM aneka sthAnoM para kahA gayA hai ki vaha latA, per3a Adi koI bhI harI vanaspati mAtra ko na chue / parantu usameM apavAdamArga kA bhI vidhAna milatA hai| ApavAdika sthiti meM muni latA, per3a, tRNa, guccha Adi ko pakar3akara apane prANa bacA sakatA hai|30 isase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki bhaviSya meM hone vAlI sva-para hiMsA se bacane kI dRSTi se hI vRkSAdi kA avalambana lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / yaha ahiMsA kA apavAda hai jo mUlataH hiMsA se bacane ke lie hI hai| pUrNa ahiMsAvratI muni ke lie mana, vacana aura kAyA se kacce (sacitta ) jala kA sparza mAtra bhI niSiddha hai| isI kAraNa usake lie varSA meM bAhara jAne-Ane kA niSedha hai| kacce jala kA sparza na kiyA jAya, yaha utsarga vidhAna hai, kintu sAtha hI apavAda mArga kA vidhAna bhI hai / kahA gayA hai ki vihAra karate hue yadi rAste meM nadI par3a jAe aura jAne kA anya koI mArga na ho to muni pUrNa vivekapUrvaka paidala calakara nadI pAra kara sakatA hai| yadi nadI meM pAnI adhika hai to vaha nokA ke dvArA bhI jA sakatA hai| 32 aisA karane para vaha prAyazcita kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA jaataa| AcArAGgavRtti ke anusAra sAdhu varSA meM mala-mUtra visarjana ke lie bAhara A jA sakatA hai|33 dazabaikAlika34 aura yogazAstra svopajJavRtti5 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM likhate haiM ki bAla, vRddha aura rogI ke lie barasate hue pAnI meM yadi bhikSA hetu jAnA par3e to muni vivekapUrvaka jA sakatA hai / aisI sthiti meM vaha jalakAyika jIvoM kA utanA virAdhaka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / ___AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu auddezika ( AdhAkarmAdi doSayukta) AhAra, vastra-pAtrAdi kadApi svIkAra na kare / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usase jIva-hiMsA hotI hai| AcArAGga vRttikAra ne prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka ke AdhAra para udgama, utpAdana Adi sabhI doSoM ko TAlakara nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karane kI bAta kahI hai| utsargataH sAdhu ko nirdoSa AhAra hI grahaNa

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54 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana karanA cAhie / " parantu AcArAGga meM ekAdha sthAna para apavAda mArga kA ullekha bhI huA hai / apavAda mArga paristhiti aura manaHsthiti para AdhArita hai ki kauna vyakti kisa vizeSa paristhiti meM, kisa bhAvanA se, kauna-sA kArya kara rahA hai| ataH ekAnta rUpa se use pApa-bandha kA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko yadi yaha patA cale ki gRhastha ke ghara atithi ke lie bhojana taiyAra kiyA gayA hai to use vahAM zIghratA se pahu~cakara AhAra kI yAcanA nahIM karanI cAhie / parantu vizeSa paristhiti meM yadi kisI rogI sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka ho to AhAra kI yAcanA ko jA sakatI hai|39 atithi ke bhojana kara lene ke pUrva nahIM jAnA--yaha utsarga mArga hai, kintu rogI ke lie AvazyakatA hone para atithi ke bhojana karane ke pahale hI bhojana le AnA apavAda mArga hai / AcArAGgavRttikAra ke matAnusAra autsargika sthiti meM AdhArmika AhAra agrAhya hai, kintu ApavAdika kAraNoM ke upasthita hona para gItArtha muni alpa bahutva kA vicAra kara sadoSa AhAra bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai / 40 sUtrakRtAMga aura nizItha42 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI mahAvIra ne auddezika evaM aneSaNoya AhAra ke sambandha meM gautama dvArA pUche gae prazna kA samucita samAdhAna kiyA hai|43 nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karane kA yaha utsarga vidhAna saMyama rakSArtha haiM to sadoSa AhAra grahaNa karane kA yaha apavAda mArga bhI utsarga kI bhAMti saMyama ke pAlana ke lie hI vihita hai| donoM kA uddezya eka hI hai-saMyama kI surkssaa| AcArAGga meM ahiMsA vrata ke pUrNataH pAlana karane kI dRSTi se hI kisI bhI samUha-bhoja ( saMkhaDi ) meM jAkara AhAra lAne kI AjJA nahIM hai|44 parantu utsarga yA niSedha ke sAtha hI usameM apavAda kA bho vidhAna hai| sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki samUha-bhoja (saMkhaDi ) meM jAne se yadi saMyama-virAdhanA kI saMbhAvanA na ho to prajJAvAn muni pUrva yA pazcAt samaha-bhoja meM jAkara AhAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai|45 isa sambandha meM AcArAGgavRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki AcArAGga meM samUha-bhoja meM jAkara AhAra lene kA jo apavAda mArga svokAra kiyA gayA hai vaha paristhiti vizeSa kI dRSTi se hI hai / 46 isI taraha uttarAdhyayana, bahalkalpa aura nizItha sUtra meM bhI samUha-bhoja ( saMkhaDi) meM jAne kA tathA AhAra grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| ye sabhI apavAda mukhyataH ahiMsA vrata se sambandhita haiN| sAdhanA-mArga

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 55 meM yathAprasaMga donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| phira bhI, isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki sAdhaka jIvana meM apavAda-mArga kA avalambana lenA anivArya hai| sAdhanA kA eka mAtra lakSya yahI honA cAhie ki sAdhaka ke citta kI samAdhi banI rahe, tathA jJAnAdi guNoM kI abhivRddhi hoto rahe / utsargamArga se pragati karate hue yadi citta-samAdhi banI rahatI hai to apavAda mArga apanAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / apavAda kA sahArA to taba liyA jAnA cAhie jaba caitsika samAdhi bhaMga hone kI sambhAvanA ho athavA koI viziSTa kAraNa upasthita ho| satya mahAvrata ke sambandha meM AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki muni mana, vacana aura kAyA se svayaM mithyA bhASaNa nahIM karatA, dUsaroM se nahIM karavAtA aura mithyAbhASaNa karane vAloM kA anumodana bhI nahIM karatA / 50 sadaiva satya bhASaNa karanA muni ke lie utsarga mArga hai| AcArAGga meM isake apavAda kI carcA bhI huI hai| yadi bhikSu vihAra kara rahA hai aura mArga meM use koI pathika mila jAe aura vaha usase pUche ki he AyuSman zramaNa ! Apane idhara se manuSya, pazu-pakSI, gAya, bhaiMsa, baila Adi kisI ko bhI Ate-jAte dekhA hai ? yadi dekhA ho to batAie ki ve kisa ora gae haiM, aisI vizeSa paristhiti meM muni kucha na kahe arthAt mauna rhe| jAnatA huA bhI yaha na kahe ki maiM jAnatA hU~ athavA jAnatA huA bhI yaha kaha de ki maiM nahIM jAnatA / 51 yaha satyavrata kA apavAda hai| aisA kathana to asatya bhASaNa hI hai lekina paristhiti vizeSa meM isakA doSa nahIM lagatA / AcArAGga meM spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki muni ko asatya aura mizra vacana kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / sadA satya aura vyavahAra bhASA ho bolanI caahie| parantu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki satya aura vyavahAra bhASA meM bhI jo sAvadha, apriya, karkaza-kaTu yA chedana-bhedanakArI ho tathA jisa bhASA se jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI ho use aisI satya bhASA bhI kadApi nahIM bolanI cAhie / 52 dazavaikAlika 3 meM bhI isI bAta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki dharma saMkaTa kI sthiti meM yadi kadAcit asatya bolanA par3e to ApavAdika vidhAna bhI utsarga kI bhA~ti kartavya rUpa ho jAtA hai / AcArAMga kI bhA~ti sUtrakRtAMga54 aura nizotha cUrNi55 meM bhI ApavAdika carcA hai| __ asteya vrata ke utsarga mArga ke viSaya meM AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki bhikSu svAmI kI AjJA ke binA koI bhI vastu nahIM le sktaa| binA

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56 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana AjJA ke vaha svayaM eka tinakA grahaNa na kare, na karavAe aura na grahaNa karane vAle kA anumodana kare / 56 ApavAdika paristhiti meM jainAgamoM meM yaha bhI vidhAna milatA hai ki bhikSu pahale svAmI kI AjJA lie binA hI ucita sthAna meM Thahara jAe aura bAda meM svAmI (mAlika) kI AjJA lene kA prayAsa kare / 57 ___AcArAMga meM utsarga vidhAna yaha hai ki bhikSu ko trikaraNa aura triyoga se brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhie / 58 brahmacarya ke pAlaka mahAvratI muni ke lie navajAta kanyA kA sparza taka niSiddha hai| kintu apavAda mArga yaha bhI hai ki bhikSu nadI meM DUbatI huI sAdhvI ko bacAne kI dRSTi se pakar3a kara bAhara nikAla sakatA hai|59 isI taraha yadi kisI sAdhvI ko sarpa ne kATA ho aura anya koI upacAramArga na ho to vaha use chUkara usakA upacAra bhI kara sakatA hai / 60 isI prakAra brahmacarya pAlana ke lie dUdha-dahI Adi sarasa ( rasapraNIta ) bhojana ke sambandha meM bhI utsarga-apavAda kA vidhAna hai / sAmAnyatayA bhikSa ko rasa praNIta AhAra-pAnI nahIM karanA caahie| kintu vizeSa paristhiti meM vaha dUdha, dahI Adi rasa, AhAra-pAnI kA sevana kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra utsarga apavAda donoM kA uddezya eka hI hai-saMyama kI saadhnaa| ___ AcArAMga meM autsargika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu mana, vacana aura kAyA se kisI bhI prakAra kA parigraha ( saMgraha) svayaM na rakhe, dUsaroM se na rakhavAe aura rakhane vAle kA anumodana bhI na kare / 62 parantu sAtha hI apavAda mArga meM sAdhaka ke sAmarthya evaM paristhiti ke anusAra usameM eka se tIna vastra yA pAtra rakhane kA vidhAna bhI hai| isa prakAra utsargataH jahA~ eka ora AcArAMga meM acela dharma kA ullekha milatA hai,63 vahIM dUsaro ora ApavAdika sthiti meM sacelatva kA samarthana bhI hai|4 vartamAna sandarbha meM parigraha vRtti ko dekhate hue aTapaTA-sA lagatA hai ki kahA~ to AcArAMga kA acela dharma athavA nyUnatama vastra-pAtra rakhane kA vidhAna tathA ve bhI alpatama mUlyavAle aura kahA~ Aja kA sAdhusAdhvI varga / saMgraha pravRtti bar3hatI calI jA rahI hai| vastra-pAtrAdi tathA aneka phaizanebula kImatI vastuoM se bhare par3e haiM peTI-piTAre aura kapATa ? vartamAna sthiti ko dekhate hue yaha kahe binA nahIM rahA jAtA ki Aja kA adhikAMza sAdhu-sAdhvI varga isa bhayaMkara parigraharUpa dasaveM mahAgraha se

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 57 burI taraha jakar3A huA hai, jisase mukta hone kA nikaTa bhaviSya meM koI lakSaNa nahIM dikhAI par3a rahA hai| kartavyAkartavya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra : ___ AcArAMga meM naitikatA ke nirapekSa aura sApekSa tattva ke sandarbha meM utsarga aura apavAda-donoM mArgoM kA vidhAna hai| noti ke sAmAnya yA maulika niyama nirapekSa aura vizeSa niyama sApekSa mAne jAte haiN| sApekSatattva dezakAlAdi paristhitiyoM para nirbhara hotA hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki kisa deza, kAla aura paristhiti meM kaisA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA cAhie ? AcArAMga ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba taka koI aparihArya yA vizeSa paristhiti utpanna nahIM ho jAtI hai taba taka pratyeka sAdhaka ko nIti ke sAmAnya mArga para calanA caahie| parantu isa bAta kA nirNaya kauna kare ki amuka paristhiti meM apavAda-mArga kA sahArA liyA jA sakatA hai ? yA yadi liyA jA sakatA hai to kisa rUpa meM ? sAmAnya sAdhaka yaha nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA ki ucita kyA hai aura anucita kyA hai ? AcArAMga ke AdhAra para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM sAmAnya sAdhaka ke AcaraNa ke lie kuzala puruSoM, prajJAvAn, maniyoM, arhadAjJAoM yA jinokta Agamika AjJAoM ko pramANa mAnanA caahie| usameM jagaha-jagaha yaha nirdeza hai ki sAdhaka ko Agama ke anusAra puruSArtha (AcaraNa) karanA caahie| AcArAMga meM eka sthAna para yaha bhI kahA hai ki 'kusale puNa No baddhe No mukke se jaM ca Arabhe jaM ca NArabhe aNAraddhaM ca NArabhe'65 kuzala puruSa na to baddha hotA hai aura na mukta hotA hai / vaha kisI pravRtti kA AcaraNa karatA hai aura kisI pravRtti kA AcaraNa nahIM karatA, ( muni ) usake dvArA anAcarita pravRtti kA AcaraNa na kre| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM, AcArAMga tathA uttaravartI jainAgamoM meM paristhiti vizeSa meM sApekSadharma ( naitikatA ) ke sambandha meM kartavya-akartavya, grAhya-agrAhya, ucita-anucita ke nirNaya ke lie arthAt vyakti ke naitika jIvana ke lie mArgadarzaka ke rUpa meM prajJAvAn muniyoM evaM AgamoM ko pramANabhUta mAnA gayA hai| antatogatvA kartavyAkartavya kI antima nirNAyaka niSpakSa prajJA hI hai| abhidhAna rAjendrakoza66 meM bhI vyAvahArika ( sApekSa ) naitikatA kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya ke lie Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta ye pA~ca AdhAra batAye gae hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI AcaraNa ke nirNaya ke lie veda, smRti, sadAcAra

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58 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aura antarAtmA ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| gItA" ko bhI kartavyAkartavya kA pramANa zAstra mAnA gayA hai| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate hai ki AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa anekAntika hai| vaha kisI bhI vastu ke guNadoSa kA vicAra sApekSa arthAt anekAnta dRSTi se karatA hai| naitika jIvana ke samyaka vikAsa ke lie ekAMgo daSTi se vicAra karanA samucita nhiiN| jina kAryoM kA utsarga hotA hai unakA apavAda bhI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, AcArAMga meM yathAvasara utsarga-apavAda yA vidhiniSedha donoM kA mahattva hai| donoM meM se kisI ko nyUnAdhika nahIM kaha skte| donoM hI mArga haiM, aura grAhya haiN| donoM ke Alambana se hI sAdhanA zuddha, sazakta aura paripuSTa hotI hai tathA sAdhaka apane abhISTa lakSya ko prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| nizIthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jJAnAdiguNoM kI sAdhanA dezakA anusAra ut ga-apavAda ke dvArA hI saphala hotI hai / 61 isalie naitika jIvana kI samyaka pragati ke lie yAtrA aura par3Ava ke samAna utsarga-apavAda donoM hI mArga Avazyaka evaM avalambanIya haiN| naitikatA ke do rUpa-Antara aura bAhya (naizcayika naitikatA aura vyAvahArika naitikatA) prAcIna jainAgamoM meM mukhyataH vivecana kI do dRSTiyA~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM-eka antaraMga dRSTi aura dUsarI bahiraMga dRSTi / ise pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM nizcaya dRSTi aura vyavahAra dRSTi bhI kahA gayA hai| ye donoM daSTiyA~ naitika jIvana meM samAna mUlya rakhatI haiM aura AcAradarzana ke kSetra meM inhIM donoM dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para vicAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI naitika sAdhanA ke do rUpa svIkRta haiM / ve haiM-bAhya aura Antarika / inheM kramazaH naizcayika sAdhanA aura vyAvahArika sAdhanA kaha sakate haiM / naizcayika sAdhanA meM Antarika vRttiyoM ke pariSkAra kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to bAhya sAdhanA meM AcAra ke aneka vidhividhAnoM, paramparAoM aura loka-maryAdAoM kA samyaktayA pAlana karanA hotA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra vItarAgatA yA samatA naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai| ataeva jo AcaraNa vItarAgatA kI dizA meM le jAtA hai,

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga : 59 vahI naizcayika naitikatA hai| naizcayika naitikatA kA sIdhA sambandha Antarika vRttiyoM se hai| vaha pratyeka deza-kAla, vyakti tathA vyavahAra meM ekarUpa rahatI haiN| bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke sabhI arhatoM yA tIrthaGkaroM kA naizcayika dharma kA prarUpaNa eka rUpa hI hotA hai| yaha naizcayika naitikatA hI dharma kA mUla hai / yahA~ para prazna uThatA hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra dharma kyA hai ? dharma kI vyAkhyA ke sambandha meM AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa atyanta spaSTa hai| usameM dharma kI do vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / eka sthAna para 'samatA,70 ko dharma kahA gayA hai aura dUsare sthAna para 'ahiMsA'71 ko / ina donoM meM se kise dharma mAnA jAe ? vastutaH ina donoM meM koI antavirodha nahIM hai| dharma kI ye donoM vyAkhyAe~ do bhinna dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM / AcArAMgakAra ne naizcayika dRSTi se 'samatA' ko aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se 'ahiMsA' ko dharma kahA hai| samatA kA sambandha vyakti ke Antarika manobhAvoM se hai, jabaki ahiMsA kA sambandha sAmAjika jIvana ke bAhya vyavahAra se hai| yadyapi sthUla dRSTi se ina donoM meM bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, tathApi 'samatA' aura 'ahiMsA' meM koI bheda nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA udbhava samatA se hI hotA hai aura samatA hI vyAvahArika kSetra meM hisA bana jAtI hai| donoM meM antara itanA hI hai ki samatA kA sambandha mana se hai aura ahiMsA kA sambandha vANo aura kAyA se hai| 'samatA' ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA gayA, isakA samucita samAdhAna TIkAkAra ne karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 'dhammaviU'72 zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue unhoMne kahA 'dharma' cetanA cetana dravya svabhAvaM3 arthAt cetana-acetana dravyoM kA svabhAva dharma hai| arthAt vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai| 'dhammo vatthu sahAvo'4 yaha jaina vicAra kI prasiddha ukti hai| jisa prakAra uSNatA agni kA svabhAva hai, aura zItalatA pAnI kA svabhAva hai usI prajAra 'samatA' AtmA (cetanA) kA nija svabhAva hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki AtmA (cetanA) kyA hai aura usakA sAdhya kyA hai ? isa prazna kA manovaijJAnika uttara dete hue kahA hai ki AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura isa samatva kI prApti hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| AcArAMga meM 'samatA' ko isalie dharma mAnA gayA hai kyoMki vaha AtmA (cetanA) kA svabhAva hai aura jo AtmA kA svabhAva hogA, vaho jIvana kA sAdhya hogaa|

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60 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana vyakti (jIvana) yugoM se isI samatva ko prApta karane ke lie satat prayAsa kara rahA hai / vaha vikSobha, tanAva aura mAnasika dvandva se yukta hokara samatva kI bhUmikA prApta karanA cAhatA hai / saMkSepa meM, AcArAMga aura manovijJAna donoM ke anusAra svasvabhAvarUpa samatva kI prApti hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai / 78 aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jaba 'samatA' hI AtmA ( cetanA ) kA svabhAva hai to phira vaha ( cetanA ) samatvarUpa svabhAva yA svakendra se cyuta kyoM ho jAtI hai ? AcArAMga meM yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki Asakti ke kAraNa hI cetanA apane svarUpa se vicalita ho jAtI hai / kahA hai ki 'yaha viSayAturatA ( viSayAsakti ) hI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai' / 7 viSayAsakta evaM ajJAnI vyakti isa AsaktirUpa jala se karma ko jar3a ko sIMcatA huA punaH punaH saMsArapravAha meM bahakara duHkhI hotA rahatA hai / " isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa Asakti se hI tRSNA utpanna hotI hai aura tRSNAkula vyakti usI kI santuSTi ke lie dina rAta prayAsa karatA rahatA hai| jaba usakI pUrti nahIM hotI hai to vaha vyathita, cintita evaM vikSubdha ho jAtA hai / " sUtrakAra ne tRSNAkula vyakti kI anekacittatA evaM usake kAraNa hone vAle anarthoM kA digdarzana karAyA hai / aneka cittavAlA puruSa tRSNArUpI calanI ko jala se bharanA cAhatA hai aura isakI sampUrti hetu vaha dUsaroM ko por3A pahu~cAtA hai yA vadha karatA hai / yahA~ taka kI janapada Adi kA saMhAra karane ke lie bhI tatpara ho jAtA hai / " isa prakAra yaha Asakti hI cetanA ke apane svarUpa se cyuti kA kAraNa mAnI gaI tathA yaha bar3hatI huI Asakti hI samasta viSamatAoM kA mUla hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM vItarAgatA yA samatAbhAva ko banAe rakhane ke lie samasta AkAMkSAoM, dvandvoM, saMgharSoM evaM tanAvoM ke mUla preraka rAga ke bandhana ko tor3ane kI bAta kaho gaI hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki vItarAgatA yA samatA cetanA kA svabhAva aura viSamatA (Asakti) vibhAva hai / AcArAMga meM naizcayika naitikatA : AcArAMga meM naizcayika dRSTi se samatA ko ho munitva ( zramaNatva ) kA mUla lakSaNa kahA hai| usameM kahA hai 'saMyamaniSTha sAdhaka samatA kI sAdhanA se AtmA ko prasAdita kare arthAt samatA se AtmA ko bhAvita kare' 19 itase spaSTa hai ki samatA hI sAdhanA kA kendrIya tattva hai / samatA se hI zramaNa kI pahacAna hoto hai / isI ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kahA

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 61 gayA hai ki 'samatAyogI sAdhaka samasta AkAMkSAoM se pare ho jAtA hai| use na to jIne kI cAha hotI hai aura na marane kii| vaha donoM sthitiyoM meM Asaktirahita hokara vicaraNa karatA hai'|2 vaha sardo-garmI, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi meM bhI samadarzI rahatA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki sukha-duHkha ( zItoSNa ) kA tyAgI muni rati-arati ko sahate hue sparza janita sukhaduHkha kA AsaktipUrvaka vedana nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki saMkalpa-zakti ke vikAsa ke dvArA vaha svayaM ko itanA sAdha letA hai ki parISaha ( kaSTa ) janita pIr3A use apane patha se vicalita nahIM kara pAtI aura jo kaTumadhura viSaya-prasaMga usake samakSa upasthita hote haiM, unheM vaha sahaja bhAva se saha letA hai| kaSToM kA vedana ( anubhava ) to vaha vyakti karatA hai, jo padArtha ko priyatA-apriyatA ke bhAvoM se dekhatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ka AcArAMga meM 'jANati', 'pAsati' 'pAsa' Adi zabdoM kA pracura prayoga huA hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki jJAnI puruSa indriya-saMvedana rahita hokara priya-apriya padArthoM ko mAtra jJAtA, draSTA bhAva se dekhatA hai| padArtha ko kevala padArtha ke rUpa se jAnanA-dekhanA hI samatva hai| yaha sAkSIbhAva hI samatva kI kuJjI hai / jise yaha samatva prApta hotA hai vahI jJAnI hotA hai aura jo jJAnI hotA hai, usI ko samatA prApta hotI hai| yadi sAdhaka iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa saMyoga kI prApti meM sama na rahakara sukha-duHkhAtmaka saMvedanAoM ke pravAha meM baha jAtA hai to vaha apane sAdhanA-mArga se cyuta ho sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM saMyama ke prati aruci aura viSayoM kI abhiruci nahIM karane kA bhI nirdeza hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki vIra sAdhaka rati-arati ( AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa ) donoM azubha (pApa) vRttiyoM ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha donoM meM sthira citta (avimanaska) rahatA hai tathA ina vRttiyoM se apane mana ko jarA bhI dUSita nahIM hone detaa| isIlie kahA hai ki usa apramatta tathA samatAyogI sAdhaka ke lie kyA arati aura kyA rati ? use donoM meM anAsakta arthAt ratiarati ke mUla rAgadveSa se rahita hokara vicaraNa karanA caahie|5 jise Atma-rati yA Ananda kI prApti ho cukI hai, use bAhya rati-arati se koI prayojana nahIM rhtaa| harSa-krodhAdi ke Avega bhI paMDita puruSa ke citta ko udvelita nahIM kara skte|" tAtparya yaha ki muni kA sampUrNa jIvana hI samatA yA vItarAgatA se otaprota rahatA hai / ataH vaha lAbhAlAbha, sukha-duHkha, janma-maraNa, mAna-apamAna, harSa-zoka Adi sabhI prasaMgoM meM zAnta evaM santulita rahatA hai|

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62 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana uttarAdhyayana, aSTaprAbhRta,8 pravacanasAra,9 dhammapada aura gItA meM bhI yahI bAta pratidhvanita huI hai / AcArAMga meM yaha bhI nirdeza milatA hai ki zramaNa ko bhikSAcarI meM bhI samatA bhAva rakhanA caahie| dAtA ke kucha bhI na dene para muni ko kruddha nahIM honA caahie| alpamAtrA meM bhikSA upalabdha hone para dAtA kI niMdA nahIM karanI caahie| niSedha karane para zAntabhAva se lauTa AnA caahie| isa prakAra vaha zramaNa munitva kI samyaka rUpa se ArAdhanA kre| vahI vIra prazaMsA kA pAtra hotA hai jo apanI saMyama-sAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai / 92 yahA~ sUtrakAra ne muni ko bhikSAcaryA karate samaya anAsakta rahane kA upadeza dekara isake manovaijJAnika pakSa ko spaSTa kara diyA hai| AhAra upalabdha ho yA na ho, vipula mAtrA meM prApta ho yA alpamAtrA meM, sabhI avasthAoM meM use samatva banAe rakhanA cAhie anyathA rAga-dveSa, harSa-zoka, krodha, abhimAna, saMgraha Adi vikAroM se grasita hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / yaha eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki manuSya svabhAvataH iSTa padArtha upalabdha hone para harSita hotA hai aura nahIM milane para ruSTa hotA hai| sUtrakAra ne 'Name dei kuppejjA' (AcArAMga-1/2/5-86 ) evaM 'lAbhutti Na majjijjA' ( AcArAMga'1/2/5-89 ) ina donoM sUtroM meM manovaijJAnika tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai| sAtha hI, yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA hai ki mani ina mAnagika AvegoM se sarvathA bace aura apane munitva kA bhalIbhA~ti pAlana kare / sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki milane para abhimAna na kare, nahIM milane para zokAkula na hove, vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hone para saMgraha na kre|93 ____ muni vastra-pAtra AhAra Adi se apanA jIvana-nirvAha karate hue bhI rAgadveSAtmaka manovRttiyoM se apane Apako leza mAtra bho dUSita na hone de, AcArAMga meM isakA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa huA hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki jo vyakti ina priya-apriya manovRttiyoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai, usakI padArtha viSayaka Asakti TUTa jAtI hai aura vaha prabuddha sArthaka kSaNa bhara meM mukta ho jAtA hai|94 yaha AryoM dvArA pratipAdita anAsakti kA mArga hai| isa mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAlA kuzala pUruSa nilipta rahatA hai|95 AcArAMga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki samatvadarzI vIra sAdhaka prAnta ( jo bacA huA hai ), rUkhA-sUkhA yathA prApta AhAra kA sevana karatA hai / 96 sUtra meM 'vIrA sammattadaMsiNo' kA prayoga karake AcArAMga meM samatA manovijJAna ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnyatayA

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naitikatA kI maulika samasthAeM aura AcArAGga : 63 'vIra' vaha hai, jo bAharI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai| lekina AcArAMga ke anusAra 'vIra' vaha hai jo kAma-krodhAdi Antarika zatruoM ko parAsta kara de| kAma-krodhAdi se manosnAyuvikRtiyAM utpatna ho jAtI haiN| aisI vikRtiyoM se mukta hone vAlA ho 'vIra' hai| vastutaH 'vIra' samatvadarzI hotA hai aura samatvadarzI 'vIra' hotA hai| AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra ne bhI 'vIra' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue isa tathya kI puSTi kI hai| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga meM naizcayika dRSTi se samatA ko hI naitika jIvana kA pradhAna kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jitane aMza meM AcaraNa samatApUrNa hogA, utane hI aMza meM hama naitika hoNge| samatva pradhAna munitva kI ekatA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaM sammati pAsahA, taM moNaM ti pAsahA / jaM moNaM ti pAsahA taMsammati pAsahA // 18 jo samatva yA samyaktva ko dekhatA hai vaha munitva ko dekhatA hai aura jo munitva ko dekhatA hai, vaha samyaktva ko dekhatA hai| vastutaH jahA~ samatva hogA, vahA~ munitva ( naitikatA) kA honA avazyambhAvI hai, aura jahA~ munitva hogA vahA~ samatA honI caahie| donoM parasparAzrita haiM / ataH naizcayika yA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mUla kendrabindu samatA hI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne bhI adhyAtmasAra meM samatA ko hI eka mAtra mukti kA upAya kahA hai| samatA ke binA sArI kriyAe~ Usara bhUmi meM boye gae bIja ke samAna niSphala haiM / 99 naizcayika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM samatA para bala dete hue upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki 'samatA viNa je anusare, prANI puNyanA kAma / chAra Upara te lIpaNu, jhAMkhara re citrAma / 100 isa sandarbha meM adhyAtmayogirAja Anandaghana jI ne bhI kahA hai kimAna apamAna citta samagaNe, samagaNe kanaka pASANa / vandaka nindaka samagaNe, isyo hoya tu jANa / / sarva jaga jantune samagaNe, samagaNe tRNamaNibhAvare / mukti-saMsAra beu samagaNe, muNe bhavajala nidhinAvare // 101

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64 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAGga meM vyAvahArika naitikatA : vyavahAra-dRSTi se AcaraNa ke bAhya pakSa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| bAhya AcAra meM niyamopaniyamoM kA samAveza hotA hai| AcaraNa kA yaha bAhya svarUpa vyAvahArika naitikatA hai| yadyapi AcArAGga kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM AcAra ke bAhya niyamoM kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai tathApi naizcayika AcAra ko eka aisA kendra bindu mAnA gayA hai, jisa para samUcI vyAvahArika naitikatA AdhArita hai| naizcayika AcAra ke binA bAhya-AcAra yA sAdhanA kA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vizeSa mUlya nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra naizcayika dRSTi se naitika jIvana kA sAdhya 'samatA' hai aura isI samatAbhAva kI upalabdhi hetu sAdhana rUpa meM vyavahAra dharma kA pratipAdana huA hai| __ AcArAGga meM ahiMsA zuddha aura anitya dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai|02 kintu prazna yaha hai ki AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko jo 'zuddhe Nicce sAsae' kahA gayA hai usakA kyA tAtparya hai ? kisa apekSA se vaha zuddha aura zAzvata dharma hai aura kisa apekSA se vaha vyavahAra dharma hai ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna ke lie do dRSTikoNoM se vicAra apekSita hogaa| ahiMsA-dharma ke bhI do rUpa haiM-nizcaya aura vyvhaar| naizcayika yA mAnasika ahiMsA nirapekSa dharma hai| vaha zuddha aura zAzvata hai jabaki AcaraNAtmaka ahiMsA vyavahAra dharma hai, kyoMki vaha deza, kAla aura samAja-sApekSa hai| sApekSa dharma parivartanazIla hai| usake vidhividhAnoM, paramparAoM aura maryAdAoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| usameM cirantana ekarUpatA nahIM raha paatii| paNDita sukhalAla jI saMghavI kahate haiM ki 'vyAvahArika AcAra eka rUpa nahIM hai| naizcayika AcAra kI bhUmikA se niSpanna aise bhinna-bhinna deza-kAla, jAti-svabhAva-ruci Adi ke anusAra kabhI-kabhI paraspara viruddha dikhAI dene vAle AcAra bhI vyAvahArika-AcAra kI koTi meM gine jAte haiM / naizcayika AcAra kI bhUmikA para vartamAna eka hI vyakti anekavidha vyAvahArika AcAroM meM se gujaratA hai / 103 tIrthaMkara apane yuga kI paristhiti ke anusAra pUrva pracalita bAhya AcAra, vidhi-vidhAnoM, paramparAoM aura maryAdAoM ko badalate haiM, usameM saMzodhana parivardhana karate haiN| prathama tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM AcAra-maryAdAe~ jisa rUpa meM thIM, ve anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM nahIM rhiiN| jo vidhi-vidhAna bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM the, ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM nahIM raha sakate the|

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAeM aura AcArAMga : 65 unhoMne deza, kAla tathA sAdhakoM ko badalI huI manaHsthiti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara ke yuga meM pracalita AcAra meM parivartana evaM saMzodhana kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI AcArasambandhI bhinnatA kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 104 yadyapi AcArAMga105 meM acela dharma kI prazaMsA avazya kI gaI hai tathApi usakA dRSTikoNa AgrahapUrNa nahIM hai| sAdhakoM kI sAmarthya evaM paristhiti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara usane eka namanIya vyavasthA dI hai| jo muni nirvastra rahane meM samartha the unake lie pUrNataH acela rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA, kintu jo vaisA karane meM asamartha the, unake lie eka, do yA tIna vastra rakhane taka kA vidhAna bhI rakhA gayA hai / 106 isakA artha yaha hai ki AcArAMga bAhya AcAra-niyamoM meM deza-kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ko dRSTigata rakhatA hai aura yahI sApekSika dRSTikoNa hai| phira bhI, AcArAMga bAhya naitikatA ko itanA lacolA nahIM banAtA hai ki usake AdhAra para AcAra kI samUcI maryAdAe~ hI samApta ho jAMya / usameM zramaNa ke lie pratibandha bhI lagAe gaye haiM-jaise muni, hiMsA se nirmita patale, sunahale, camakIle evaM bahumUlya vastroM kA kadApi upayoga na kare / 107 use dhule hue evaM raMgIna vastra bhI dhAraNa nahIM karanA cAhie / 108 yaha bhI kahA hai ki muni tUmbe ( alAbu ), kASTha evaM miTTI ke atirikta anya pAtroM kA upayoga na kre| 109 auddezika evaM aneSaNIya arthAt muni ke nimitta banAyA gayA evaM azuddha AhAra grahaNa na kare / 10 jahA~ nityapiNDa aura agrapiNDa diyA jAtA hai, una gharoM meM gocarI (bhikSA ) ke lie na jAya / 11 rAjapiNDa bhI na le / 112 eka mAsa se adhika eka sthAna para na rahe113 aadi| isI taraha svAdhyAya-dhyAna ke sambandha meM nirdeza hai ki muni rAtri ke prathama aura antima prahara meM svAdhyAdi meM prayatnazIla rahe / 114 brahmacarya pAlana ke lie bhI AcArAMga meM aneka nirdeza haiN|115 saMkSepa meM, AcArAMga meM AhAra-vihAra-nihAra, AvAsa ( zayyA) vastra, pAtra, bhASA, pA~ca mahAvrata tathA tatsambandhI bhAvanAoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo niyama-upaniyama haiM, una sabakA mUla ahiMsA hI hai / sAtha hI usameM AcAra ke jo niyama-upaniyama pratipAdita hue haiM, unameM aneka vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI ucita pratIta hote haiN| ___ mokSa-sAdhaka ina sadAcaraNoM se sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAe rakhatA hai| vaha Adarza-samAja kA nirmANa bhI kara sakatA hai| vyAvahA

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66 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana rika AcAra- pAlana kI mukhya upAdeyatA yahI hai ki sAdhaka bAhya AcArarUpa niyamopaniyamoM ke pAlana ke dvArA jana-cetanA yA samAja ke samakSa naitika sAdhanA kA Adarza prastuta karatA hai / vaiyaktika mukti ke sAdhaka kI sAdhanA usa jalatI huI agarabattI ke sadRza hai jo samIpavartI kSetroM ko samAna rUpa se sugandhi-sampanna banAtI hai / usakI bAhya sAdhanA kI sArI paddhatiyA~ samAja ke lie hitakara siddha hotI haiM / vartamAna sandarbha meM vyAvahArika naitikatA kI dRSTi se prazna uThatA hai ki Aja dharmaM ke nAma para mAnava-mana meM anAsthA kyoM bar3ha rahI hai ? vAstava meM Aja sAdhaka vargaM kI kathanI-karanI meM ekarUpatA nahIM raha gaI hai / yaha ekarUpatA kA abhAva hI vyakti kI anAsthA kA prabala kAraNa hai / sAdhaka jIvana kA bahurUpiyApana hI sAmAnya vyakti ko dharmaM se vimukha banAtA jA rahA hai / " vartamAna meM bAhya AcAra vyavahAra ke AdhAra para hI vyakti kI niSThA meM utAra car3hAva dekhA jA rahA hai / sAdhaka varga ke nizchala AcaraNa se hI sAmAnya jana kI zraddhA bar3ha jAtI hai aura chala-chadmayukta AcaraNa ko dekhate hI usakI zraddhA ghaTa jAtI hai / pariNAmataH usake mana meM dharma ke prati, sAdhaka varga ke prati ghRNA utpanna ho jAtI hai / sAmAnya vyakti kI dRSTi sthUla taka rahatI hai / vaha dharma kI gaharAI yA dharma ke Antarika tattva taka nahIM pahu~ca paataa| usake lie to bAhya AcAra-vyavahAra hI bahuta kucha hotA hai / ataH sAdhakoM kI jIvanacaryA nizchala honI caahie| sAdhaka kA naitika AcaraNa itanA prabhAvapUrNa honA cAhie ki sIdhe vyakti ke antarmana ko sparza kara sake / vastutaH mana-vANI aura karma kI samarasatA athavA kathanI aura karanI kI ekarUpatA hI munitva (naitikatA ) kA mUlAdhAra hai / 116 Ajakala sAdhakoM yA muniyoM kA jIvana bAhya yA sthUla maryAdAoM kI dRSTi se bhI gira gayA hai / sUtrakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki 'ati krodhI, mAnI, lobhI, dambhI, pravaMcaka, naTa kI bhA~ti bahurUpiyA, ajJAna aura pramAda se mUr3ha banA sAdhaka saMsAra rUpa Avarta meM svayaM DUba jAtA hai aura pariNAmataH janma-maraNa ke pravAha meM cakkara kATatA hai'| 117 aisA vItarAga AjJA kA anArAdhaka caritrahIna ( durvasu ) muni saccAI pUrvaka zuddha dharma kA nirUpaNa nahIM kara sktaa| kyoMki jJAnAdi guNoM se rahita sAdhaka, dharma kA prarUpaNa karane meM lajjA, bhaya aura glAni kA anubhava karatA hai / " aisA sAdhaka AtmaghAtaka to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI samAja

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 67 ke lie bhI ghAtaka siddha hotA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra saccA samAja hita to vahI kara sakatA hai, jo vItarAga-AjJA kA ArAdhaka hai tathA jo nijI svArthoM se Upara uThakara samatva ko bhUmikA para avasthita ho gayA hai| Aja sAdhaka varga meM lokaiSaNA kI bhUkha itanI bar3ha gaI hai ki vaha loka-kalyANa ke nAma para apane svArtha kA poSaNa kara rahA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra hama yaha niHsandeha kaha sakate haiM ki binA vaiyaktika naitikatA kI upalabdhi kie, binA icchA-AkAMkSA aura kAmanAoM se Upara uThe, loka-hita kI dizA meM Age nahIM bar3hA jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM loka-saMjJA yA lokaiSaNAoM kA tyAga kara saMyama meM puruSArtha karane vAle vyakti ko ho saccA matimAn ( jJAnI) kahA gayA hai|119 isa prakAra AcArAMga meM naitikatA ke donoM dRSTikoNa prApta hote haiN| usameM jahA~ eka ora samatA ko dharma kahakara naizcayika naitikatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke anusAra vyAvahArika naitikatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / nizcaya aura vyavahAra dharma : kauna adhika mUlyavAna ? ___ yahA~ sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki naizcayika aura vyAvahArika naitikatA meM kauna mahattvapUrNa hai ? yaha prazna bar3A pecIdA hai, kintu AcArAMga meM isa prazna kA samucita samAdhAna milatA hai| __ AcArAMga kA samyak anuzIlana karane para yaha bhalIbhA~ti vidita hotA hai ki jahA~ eka ora AcArAMga ke pratyeka adhyayana meM naizcayika sAdhanA ( Antarika vizuddhi ) kI dRSTi se Atma-samatA, Atma-samAdhi, Atma-jAgarUkatA, vItarAgatA, niHspRhatA, anAsakti, mAnasika pavitratA Adi ke svara mukharita hue haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora usameM vyAvahArika AcAra-pAlana kI dRSTi se indriya-manojaya, tapa-dhyAna, yamaniyama-saMyamAdi aneka vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pratipAdana huA. hai / sAdhaka svasvarUpa dazA ko prApta karane ke lie satat puruSArtha karatA hai| isake lie vaha mAnasika dvandvoM se Upara uThakara tapa-saMyama, svAdhyAdi kA Azraya letA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra sacce sAdhaka ke lie naitikatA ke antara aura bAhya rUpoM meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| vaha jisa prakAra munitvabhAva ko sAdhanA ke lie samatA se apanI AtmA ko prasanna karatA hai,120

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68 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana usI prakAra Atmagupta hokara bAhya AcAra yA saMyama kA yathAvat pAlana karatA rahatA hai| saMyama ke prati kadApi upekSAbhAva nahIM rkhtaa|21 isake viparIta jo sAdhaka pramAda meM par3a jAtA hai, saMyama kI upekSA karatA hai, vaha munitva se cyuta ho jAtA hai / etadartha yaha kahA gayA hai ki munijana sadA jAgate rahate haiM / 122 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki naizcayika dRSTi se paramArtha kI upalabdhi ho jAne ke bAda bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se laukika AcAra maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate rahanA caahie| sAmAnyataH bAhya AcAra ko hI hamAre naitika mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI mAnA jAtA hai| ___ sAmAnya vyakti bAhya AcaraNa ke AdhAra para hI hamAre sambandha meM kucha nirNaya de sakatA hai ki yaha vyakti bhalA hai athavA buraa| phira bhale hI, hamArI Antarika manovRttiyA~ kaisI hI kyoM na hoN| isase vyAvahArika yA sAmAjika zuddhi banI rahatI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki naitika jIvana meM na to ekAnta rUpa se vyAvahArikatA ko hI pakar3e rahakara nizcaya ko A~khoM se ojhala karanA cAhie aura na ekAntataH nizcaya ke nAma para vyAvahArika maryAdAoM kA lopa kara denA cAhie / ekAnta nizcaya ke nAma para vaiyaktika jIvana meM dambha panapane kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai aura ekAnta vyavahAra se Atmazuddhi pIche raha jAtI hai athavA Atma-pravaMcanA kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| isalie donoM ko sambhAlakara samanvita sAdhanA karanA Avazyaka hai| __ AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki isa saMsAra meM AtmadraSTA ( paramadarzI) muni rAga-dveSa rahita zuddha jIvana jItA hai| upazAnta bhAva meM ramaNa karane vAlA vaha muni samyak-pravRtti tathA jJAnAdiguNa-sampanna hotA hai| vaha sadA jAgarUka rahate hue jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka saMyama ( sAdhanA) meM vicaraNa karatA hai / 123 AcArAMgasUtra AcAra-sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM kaThoratama sAdhanA varNita hai| phira bhI isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki isameM korI vyAvahArika AcAra-saMhitA hI hai| yaha mUlya apane Apa meM eka viziSTatApUrNa hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha tapa-dhyAna-samAdhi ke sAtha hI kriyA-kANDarUpa kaThoratama bAhya sAdhanA ke lakSya, svasvarUpa bodha ko adhika mahattva detA hai / isameM kaThoratama bAhya AcAra vidhi ke varNana ke bAvajUda kahIM naizcayika sAdhanA (AtmasamAdhi-bhAva) dhUmila nahIM hone pAyI hai| AcArAMga meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra eka sAtha nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI sAdhanA sambhava hai / usameM

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 69 kahA gayA hai ki AtmasamAdhistha vItarAgI ( anAsakta ) AtmA, tapadhyAna rUpI agni ke dvArA purAne kASTha ke samAna apane karma - zarIra ko kRza karake zIghra jalA DAlatA hai / 124 yahA~ sUtrakAra kA abhiprAya mAtra sthUla zarIra ko patalA karane se nahIM hai / zarIra bhale hI sthUla ho yA kRza, zarIra ko kRzatA yA sthUlatA se sAdhanA meM koI antara nahIM par3atA / sUtrakAra kA spaSTa Azaya kaSAyAtmA ko arthAt mAnasika vikAroM ko kRza karane se hai / jo antaHkaraNa, kaSAyoM se sthUla ho rahA hai, use kRza karanA hai / kaThora tapazcaraNa karane ke sAtha hI AtmasamAdhi- anAsakti evaM tattvabodha rakhate hue yadi sthUla zarIra kRza ho jAe to koI harja nahIM, kintu jora isa tathya para diyA gayA hai ki citta kA samAdhibhAva yA samatA bhAva bhaMga na ho| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArAMga meM kahIM bhI nizcaya ko bhulAkara mAtra deha-damana yA deha kaSTa ko dharma nahIM mAnA gayA hai / 1 prasaMgocita yahA~ yaha bhI ullekha kara denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke kaThora tapa, dhyAna, samAdhi, ugra kriyA kANDa ko dekhakara Aja bhI adhikAMza sAmAnyajanoM ko yaho dhAraNA hai ki jaina-sAdhanA dehotpIr3ana para ati bala detI hai / parantu unakI yaha dhAraNA nirAdhAra aura bhrAnta hai / kahIM bhI aisA pratIta nahIM hotA ki AcArAMga meM bAhya AcAra-niyamoM yA vyAvahArika naitikatA para hI bala diyA gayA ho / vaha bAhya AcAra-niyamoM ke sAtha ho Antarika vizuddhi para bhI samAna rUpa se bala detA hai / isa sambandha meM AcArAMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vivekajJAna (parijJA) kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai125 / sAdhaka pahale jJa-parijJA se vastu tattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAne / usake bAda pratyAkhyAna - parijJA ke dvArA usakA tyAga kare / niSkarSa yaha hai ki vRtti kA parijJAna ho jAne ke bAda pravRtti kI ora abhimukha honA cAhie / yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki AcArAMga aura paravartI jaina granthoM meM deha kaSTa rUpa AcAra-sAdhanA kA vidhAna hai, tathApi usake mUla meM ekAnta ativAda ke lie tanika bhI avakAza nahIM hai / AcArAMga meM sAdhanA kA mUla samatva hai / usake prakAza meM jo bhI sAdhanA kI jAegI, usameM divyatA AtI ho hai / isa prakAra sAdhanA ke donoM rUpoM meM santulana banAe rakhane se ho naitika jIvana kA samyak vikAsa sambhava hai / AcArAMga sUtra kA nauvA~ adhyayana bhI isa bAta kA jvalanta pramANa

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70 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hai ki jahA~ eka ora zramaNa mahAvIra ke vaiyaktika jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM samatA, vItarAgatA, niHspRhatA aura niSkAmatA parivyApta hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unake pratyeka AcAra aura vyavahAra se ahiMsA kI ajasra dhArA pravAhita ho rahI hai, dehAsakti kA visarjana ho rahA hai / unake dvArA Acarita Atma-zuddhimUlaka AcaraNa hI hamAre samakSa yaha sabala AdhAra prastuta karatA hai ki naitika sAdhanA kI paripUrNatA ke lie vaiyaktika dRSTi se AtmaniSTha naitikatA aura sAmAjika dRSTi se vastuniSTha naitikatA donoM Avazyaka hai, kyoMki sAmAnyatayA koI bhI sAdhaka AtmAnubhava para turanta chalAMga nahIM lagA sktaa| vaha zanaiH zanaiH isa dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatA hai| arthAt prArambhika bhUmikA meM ArUr3ha vyakti ko nizcaya ( Antara-zuddhi) ke zikhara para car3hane ke lie vyavahAra kI talahaTI se hI Age bar3hanA hotA hai / aisI sthiti meM naizcayika AcAra usa dizA-sUcaka yaMtra ko bhAMti hai, jo sahI dizA meM calane ke lie mArgadarzana detA rahatA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki naizcayika Adarza ko lakSya meM rakhakara vyAvahArika maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate rahane se AtmapUrNatA kI prApti ho sakatI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne bhI zrI sImaMdharasvAmI ke stavana meM kahA hai - nizcayadRSTi cittadharIjI, pAle je vyavahAra / pUNyavanta te pAmaze jI, bhavasamudrano pAra126 // AcArAMga ke ukta vivecana ke AdhAra para niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unameM vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se naizcayika AdhAra para bala dete hue bhI sAmAjika dRSTi se vyAvahArika AcAra kI upekSA nahIM huI hai / nizcaya, Adarza kI bAta karatA hai to vyavahAra yathArtha kI / Adarza ke binA yathArtha kA kucha bhI mUlya nahIM hai| isI prakAra vaha Adarza jo yathArtha nahIM bana sakatA, kucha mahattva nahIM rakhatA hai / Adarza A~kha hai to yathArtha pair| A~kha ke binA dekhanA sambhava nahIM hai to paira ke binA calanA asambhava hai| binA gati kie dekhate rahane se bhI kyA lAbha ? aura dekhe binA mAtra gati karane se bhI kyA lAbha ? ___ AcArAMga ke anusAra donoM parasparApekSI haiM aura donoM hI apaneapane dhyeya ke anusAra apane kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| sUtrakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki 'jahA aMto tahA bAhiM, jahA bAhiM tahA aMto'127 arthAt jaisA bhItara hai vaisA bAhara honA cAhie aura jaisA bAhara hai vaisA hI bhItara rahanA cAhie / atharvaveda meM bhI kahA hai ki jo tumhAre andara ho

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 71 vahI bAhara ho aura jo bAhara ho vahI tumhAre bhItara ho|128 nizcaya ke sAtha vyavahAra aura vyavahAra ke sAtha nizcaya kA sambandha jur3A rahe, sarvAgINa zuddhi banI rahe, yahI AcArAMga ke nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA rahasya hai| zrImadrarAjacandra jI ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke vAstavika rahasya ko udghATita karate hue apanI adhyAtma-vANI meM kahA hai lahayu svarUpa na vRttinu, graha yu vrata abhimAna / grahe nahIM paramArthane, levA laukika mAna / / athavA nizcayanaya grahe, mAtra zabdanI mAMya / lope sadvyavahArane, sAdhana rahita thAya / nizcaya vANI sAMbhalI, sAdhana tajavA noya / nizcaya rAkhI lakSamAM sAdhana karavA soya / nayanizcaya ekAnta thI, AmAM nathI kahela / ekAnta vyavahAra nahIM, banne sAtha rahela 129 // vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika naitikatA vaiyaktika naitikatA aura AcArAMga : ___ AcArAMga meM vivecita nizcaya aura vyavahAra dharma tathA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika dharma meM koI bheda dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| naizcayika naitikatA hI vaiyaktika naitikatA hai aura vyAvahArika naitikatA ho sAmAjika naitikatA hai / donoM kA sIdhA sambandha hamAre vyaktiniSTha aura samAjaniSTha arthAt AtmaniSTha aura vastuniSTha AcAra se hai| ___ AcArAMga vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA prabala samarthaka hai| yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM hogI ki AcArAMga kA mUla svara Atma-hita athavA vaiyaktika mukti hai / AcArAMga meM prayukta pratyeka kriyApada se isakI puSTi hotI hai| yadyapi vistAra bhaya se yahA~ sabhI ko uddhRta kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, tathApi isa sandarbha meM kucha udAharaNa die jA sakate haiN| Atmahita ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI sAdhaka ko udbodhita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki he sAdhaka ! tujhe madhyastha rahakara karmoM kI nirjarA karanI caahie| 13deg he Arya ! tU AzA, AkAMkSA aura svacchandatA ko chor3a de|'' viSayAzakti rUpa bhAvasrota ko chinna-bhinna kara DAla / 32 he mAhan ! tU ananya arthAt 'sva' meM ramaNa kara133 / sUtrakAra kA sAdhaka ko nirdeza hai ki apane Apa nigraha karate hue 134 AlInagupta hokara saMyama meM puruSArtha kare / 145 he paMDita ! tU vartamAna kSaNa ko jAna / 136 sAdhanA ke lie uThakara khar3A ho jA137 / kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kara / 138

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72 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana upayukta udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArAMga-zuddha rUpa se vyaktiniSTha naitikatA para bala detA hai / naitika AcaraNa dUsaroM ke lie nahoM, apitu svayaM ke lie hI AcaraNIya hotA hai / sadAcaraNa kA uddezya loka-kalyANa nahIM, varan AtmotthAna hai| jaba taka Atma-hita nahIM sadhatA, taba taka loka-hita yA loka-kalyANa sambhava nhiiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra naitika sAdhanA kI kasauTI hai, sAdhaka rAga-dveSa, moha, Asakti kA kitanA prahANa kara pAyA hai| vaha kahA~ taka svArthoM, dvandvoM evaM vAsanAtmaka vRttiyoM se Upara uThA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra sAdhaka ko asamyak AcaraNa kA tyAga, karma se nahIM pratyuta mana se bhI karanA hotA hai| vaha apane prati satyaniSTha hotA hai / jo sAdhaka loka-bhaya ke kAraNa pApa-karma nahIM karatA, vaha apanI sAdhanA ke prati niSThAvAna nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka eka dUsare kI AzaMkA, lajjA, bhaya, dabAva yA bAdhyatAvaza pApa-karma yA anaitika AcaraNa nahIM karatA hai, kyA usameM munitva hotA hai ? athavA kyA vaha muni (naitika) kahalA sakatA hai ?139 vastutaH yaha Atma-vaMcanA hai| aisA sAdhaka muni nahIM kahalA sktaa| AcArAMgaTIkA140 meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka mAtra lokalajjA evaM guru Adi ke bhaya ke kAraNa pApa-karma nahIM karatA, use muni nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| use lokopacAra yA veza ke kAraNa hI muni kahA jAtA hai / pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM vaha dravya muni hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki samagra bAhya AcaraNa, vidhi-vidhAna, loka-maryAdAoM evaM paramparAoM kA pAlana yadi aMtaHkaraNa kI samatA se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI vaha munitva kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki naitikatA loka-sApekSa na hokara Atma-sApekSa hai| . isa prakAra saMkSepa meM AcArAMga kI naitikatA Almakendrita hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra AtmotthAna hI sAdhaka-jIvana kA pramukha Adarza hai / sAdhaka kA cintana, manana evaM pravRtti saba 'sva' kI ora honI cAhie / use apane sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA cAhiye / 141 isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa bahuta kucha samakAlIna sattAvAdI ( astitvavAda ) vicArakoM ke samAna hai| kIrkegArDIya naitikatA meM sAmAjika naitikatA kA abhAva hai| korkegArDa kevala vyakti kI vaiyaktikatA para hI jora detA hai, jabaki AcArAMga meM sAmAjika tattva bho

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 73 upalabdha hotA hai / vaha naitikatA ke sAmAjika pakSa kI upekSA nahIM karatA / usameM vaiyaktika kalyANa ke sAtha hI loka-kalyANa ( sAmAjika naitikatA ) para bhI dhyAna diyA gayA hai / jahA~ taka vaiyaktika naitikatA kA prazna hai astitvavAda aura AcArAMga adhika nikaTa haiM / AcArAMga bhI mokSa prApti ke lie vaiyaktika naitikatA kA pUrNa samarthana karatA hai / vaiyaktika naitikatA kI avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM DA0 hRdayanArAyaNa mizra kA kathana hai ki naitika Atma-astitva hI satya hai / vaha gatyAtmaka evaM udIyamAna hai / vaha vyakti ko satat mahanIyatA pradAna karatA hai / usakA jJAna hameM korA jJAna pradAna nahIM karatA, varan isake jJAna meM hamAre jIvana ko adhika U~cA aura mahAna banAne kI preraNA rahatI hai / sAmAjika naitikatA aura AcArAMga : 142 jo vidhi-vidhAna yA AcAra- pAlana loka vyavahAra yA samAja ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA jAtA hai, use sAmAjika naitikatA kahate haiM / sAmAjika naitikatA kA pAlana vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI apekSA saMgha kI dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| isameM mukhyataH loka-kalyANa ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA hai / sAmAjika naitikatA yA niyamoM kA pAlana isalie bhI Avazyaka hai ki sAmAjika yA saMghIya vyavasthA suvyavasthita banI rahe / yahI kAraNa hai ki naitika sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmikA para ArUr3ha mahApuruSoM dvArA bhI saMgha - hita ke kAryoM kA sampAdana sahaja bhAva se kiyA jAtA hai / yadyapi mokSa kI sAdhanA vyaktigata yA AtmaniSTha hai, kintu saMgha ( samAja ) usakI sAdhanA meM sahayogI banatA hai / ataH saMghIya maryAdAoM kA pAlana aura saMgha - hita sampAdana sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai / kA AcArAMga meM vaiyaktika mukti yA Atma-hita ko hI jIvana kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai / kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki usameM sAmAjika kalyANa ko asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki 'sAdhaka ko Atma-kalyANa karate hue samAja kalyANa bhI karanA cAhie / samadraSTA muni dharmopadeza ke dvArA pUrvAdi dizAoM meM sthita sabhI logoM ko kalyANa mArga dikhAtA hai' / 143 isase spaSTa hai ki lokamaMgala bhI usakA Adarza hai / vaha jana-jana ko sanmArga kI dizA meM prerita karatA hai / usakI dRSTi meM upadeza ke lie vyaktivizeSa, jAti, dharma, sampradAya aura sthAna vizeSa ke lie koI Agraha nahIM hotA / jahAM bhI Avazyaka hotA hai, vahIM usakI upadeza-dhArA phUTa par3atI hai / usake upa

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74 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana dezoM meM samabhAva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / samadarzI hone ke kAraNa usake mana meM kisI ke prati koI bheda nahIM hotA / AcArAMga 144 meM isa bAta kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jJAnI muni jaise sampanna ko dharmopadeza detA hai, vaise hI vipanna ko bhI aura jaise vipanna ko dharmopadeza detA hai, vaise hI puNyavAn yA sampanna ko bhI dharmopadeza detA hai / AcArAMga meM loka-hitArthaM jina naitika-sadguNoM yA dharma kI carcA hai, vaha isa bAta kA sabala pramANa hai ki sUtrakAra kI dRSTi na kevala vaiyaktika kalyANa taka hI sImita hai varan usameM samAja kalyANa ko bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai / punaH isa bAta kI puSTi karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki prANimAtra ke prati kalyANa - kAmanA se AplAvita hokara arhat pravacana kA prasphuTana hotA hai / 145 tAtparya yaha hai ki vaiyaktika sAdhana kI upalabdhi ke bAda svayaM tIrthaMkara jIvana bhara jana-jIvana ko upadezAmRta kA pAna karAkara satpatha dikhAte rahate haiM / AcArAMgasUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kA pandrahavA~ adhyayana isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki mahAvIra ne vaiyaktika kalyANa ke lie bAraha varSa paryanta ekAkI jIvana vyatIta kara kaThoratama sAdhanA kI / unake dvArA kI gaI nivRttiparaka Atma- kendrita sAdhanA jana-kalyANakArI siddha huI / usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga unhoMne lokahitArthaM kiyA / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArAMga mAtra Atma-hita kI hI bAta nahIM karatA, use loka-hita bhI svIkArya hai / I uparyukta samagra tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sAmAjika kalyANa karane ke pUrva vaiyaktika sAdhanA atyAvazyaka hai / vaiyaktika kalyANa kI sAdhanA sAmAjika kalyANa meM bAdhaka nahIM, apitu sAdhaka banatI hai / isa dRSTi se Atma-kalyANa aura lokakalyANa meM paraspara virodha pratIta nahIM hotA / AcArAMga meM vaiyaktika dRSTi se sAdhaka ko jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM samatA meM pratiSThiti hone kI preraNA dI gaI hai / sAtha hI vaha samAja ke sabhI vargoM ke prati samatApUrNa vyavahAra karane kA sandeza bhI detA hai samAja kI saMracanA hai / / usakA Adarza samatAvAdI sandarbha - sUcI adhyAya 3 1. je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA / AcArAGga 1/4/2. 2. AcArAMga 1/4/2 para zIlAMka kI TIkA patrAMka 164-165.

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 75 3. zrI upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI, adhyAtmasAra, kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra, sthApaka saMghavI nagInadAsa karamacanda, prathama AvRtti , vi0 saM0 1994, adhikAra 18. 4. zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI, oghaniyukti, droNAcAryakRta vRttisahita, prakA0 zrImadvijayadAnasUri jaina granthamAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, san 1957,53. 5. saMpA0 zrIjugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra" yogasAraprAbhRta, zrI AcArya amitagati, bhAratIya jJAnapITha durgAkuNDa mArga vArANasI-5, prathama saMskaraNa san 1968, 6/18. 6. haribhadrasUri, upadezapada TIkA-municandrasUri, zrImuktikamalajaina mohanamAlA, bar3odarA, puSpa 19, san 1923,778. 7. AcArAGga TI0 1/4/2. 8. zrIjinadAsagaNimahattara, uttarAdhyayanacaNi, zrIRSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA ratalAma, 1933, adhyayana 23. 9. zrI haribhadrasUri, aSTakaprakaraNa, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, prathama AvRtti, san 1941, TIkA 25/5. 10. umAsvAti, prazamaratiprakaraNa, zrIparamazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, jauharI bAjAra, bambaI-2, prathama AvRtti, 1950, adhi0 8/145-46. 11. mahAbhArata ( zAntiparva ), 33/32,63/99,259/8-17-18. 12. gItA, 17/20. 13. bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka, gItA-rahasya, anu0 mAdhavarAva sapre rAmacandra balavanta tilaka, nArAyaNapeTha, puNe, san 1933, prakaraNa 2. vizuddhimagga, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, prakA0 mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1956, 4/66. 15. livAI athana khaNDa-2 adhyAya 27, pR0 13 uddhRta DA0 sAgaramala jaina, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga-1, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1981, pR0 9. 16. jAna stuarTamila, yuTilITerianijma a0 5, pR0 95. 17. jaoNna DivI, naitika jIvana ke siddhAnta, AtmArAma eNDa sansa dehalI, san 1963, pR0 59 tathA TI0 eca 0 hila, kaNTemprerI ethikala, pR0 163. 18. epha0 eca0 braDale, ethikala sTaDIja, AksaphorDa yunivarsiTI prasa, san 1935, pR0 189 -196 19. je aIyA, je ya paDuppannA je ya AgamissA arahaMtA, bhagavaMto te savve eva mA ikkhaMti, evaM bhAsaMti evaM paNNaviti evaM parUviti-savve pANAM

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76 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana savve bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA Na ajjA veyavvA Na pari dhittavvA Na pariyAveyavvA NauddaveyavvA / AcArAGga 1/4/1 20. kaNTemprerI ethikala thyorIja, pR0 163. 21. DA~0 sAgaramala jaina, ( noti ke sApekSa aura nirapekSa tattva ), dArzanika traimAsika sampA0 yazadeva zalya, akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSad, aMka-2, varSa 22, aprala 1976, pR0 71. 22. saMpA0 jinendravijayagaNi, sthAnAMgasUtra, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, saurASTra, san-1975,9/3/681. 23. upadezapada, gA0 784. 24. sampA0 DA~0 jagadIzacandra jaina, syAdvAdamaMjarI ( kArikA TIkA saha ), malliSeNa sUri, zrIparamazru ta prabhAvaka maNDala ( zrImadrAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA ), agAsa, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1935,11. 25. ka-saMpA0 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', nizIthabhASya, Agama pratiSThAna sanmatijJAnapITha AgarA-1957 sU0 5245 kha-nizIthacUNi, 5245. 26. saM0 muni zrI puNyavijayajI, bRhatkalpabhASya, AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1933, 3327. 27. aSTakaprakaraNa, ( TIkA ) 27/5. 28. AcArAGga, 1/2/2, 1/3/3, 1/8/1, 1/1/2-3/evaM 2/15. 29. AcArAGga, 1/2/3. 30. vahI, 2/3/2. 31. vahI, 2/3/2. 32. vaho, 2/3/1. 33. dekheM-AcArAGgavRtti-uddhRta AtmA0 TI0 pR0 799,801. 34. dazavakAlika, 5/19. 35. hemacandrAcArya, yogazAstra svopajJavRtti ( vivaraNa sahita ), eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla-1, pArka sTrITa, kalakattA, san 1921, 3/87. 36. vahI, 3/87. 37. AcArAGga, 2/1/9, 1/8/2, 2/1/6. 38. AcArAGga 1/6/3 kI vRtti. 39. AcArAGga ( AtmArAma jI ), 2/1/9/51. 40. AcArAGga 2/1/1/1 vRtti uddhRta AtmArAmajI TIkA 745. 41. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 2/5/8/9. 42. nizItha, 10/6. 43. bhagavatI, 1/9 evaM 8/6. 44. AcArAGga ( AtmArAmajI ) 2/1/2/12-13. 45. vahI, 2/1/4/22. 46. AcArAGgavRtti, uddhRta AtmArAmajI TI0, pR0 808.

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 77 47. uttarAdhyayana, 1/32. 4.. bRhatkalpa, 1/46. 49. nizItha-3/14. 50. AcArAGga , AtmArAma jI 2/15 pR0 1429. 51. vahI,2/3/3 tathA dekheM-AcArAGga, AtmArAma jI TIkA ( saMskRta chAyA ), 2/3/3/129 52. vahI, 2/4/1/133 evaM 2/15. 53. dazavakAlika, 7/1. 54. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/19. 55. nizIthacUNi, 322. 56. AcArAGga ( AtmArAma jI ) 2/15, pR0 1436. 57. vyavahArasUtra, 8/11. 58. AcArAGga, 2/15 59. sthAnAMgasUtra-sthAna 5/2 evaM bRhatkalpasUtra, 7/12. 60. saMpA0 zrI vijayajinendra sUrIzvara, vyavahArasUtra, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, saurASTra. 5/20 evaM anu0 zrI amolaka RSi jI, bRhatkalpasUtra ( hindI anuvAda sahita ), rAjabahAduralAlAsukhadevasahAya jI, jvAlAprasAda jI jauharI, jaina zAstroddhAra mudraNAlaya, sikandarAbAda, vIra saM0 2446, 61. AcArAGga, ( AtmArAma jI ) 2/15 evaM bhagavatIzataka, 15. 62. AcArAMga, 2/15. 63. AcArAGga, 1/6/2-3. 64. AcArAGga , 1/8/4-5, 2/5/1 evaM 2/6/1. 65. AcArAMga, 1/2/6. 66. sthAnAMga, 2/5 uddhRta abhidhAnarAjendrakoza (1 se 7 bhAga ), le0 zrImad rAjendravijayasUrijI, prakA0 zrI zvetAmbara samasta saMgha, ratalAma, san 1913, khaNDa 6, pR0 907. 67. manusmRti. 2/12. 68. gItA, 16/24. 69. nizIthabhASya, 5249. 70. 'samiyAe dhamme AriehiM paveie' / AcArAGga, 1/5/3. 71. 'esa dhamme suddha niie sAsae' samicca loyaM treyaNNehi paveie / AcArAGga, 1/4/1. 72. AcArAGga, 1/3/1. 73. AcArAGga 1/3/1 para zIlAMka TI0 patrAMka, 139. 74. svAmI kArtikeya, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, paramazru ta prabhAvaka maNDala ( zrImad rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA) agAsa, prathama AvRtti, san 1960, pR0 478. 75. bhagavatIsUtra, 1/9/228. 76. AcArAGga, 1/1/2. 77. vahI, 1/32, 1/2/3 evaM 1/2/5. 78. vahI, 1/2/5 79, vahI, 1/3/2. 80. vahI, 1/3/2.

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78 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana 81. vahI, 1/3/3 tulanIya sUtrakRtAMga, 2/2/3 tulanIya uttarAdhyayana, 24/27. 82. AcArAGga, 1/8/8. 83. vahI, 1/3 1. 84. bahI, 1/2/6. 85. vahI, 1 / 3 / 3. 86. vahI, 1/3/3. 87. uttarAdhyayana, 25/32. 88. zrImadkundakundAcArya, sIlaprAbhUta ( aSTaprAbhUta ) anu0 rAvajIbhAI chaganabhAI desAI, zrIparamazru ta prabhAvaka maNDala, (zrImadrAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA), agAsa, san 1969, 72. 89. zrImadkundakundAcArya, pravacanasAra, zrIparamazra ta prabhAvaka maNDala, jauharI bAjAra, bambaI-2, prathama AvRtti, san 1950, 1/14. 90. dhammapada, 388. 91, gItA, 12/18-19, 2/15-38. 92. AcArAGga, 1/2/4. 93. vahI, 1/2/5. 94., vahI 1,2/2. 95. vahI, 1/2/5. 96. vahI, 1/2/6. 97. vizeSeNerayati-prerayati aSTaprakAraM karmAriSaDvarga veti vIraH-'zaktimAna' AcArAGga 1/2/6 zIlAMka TI0 patrAMka 129 / 98. AcArAGga, 1/53. 99. adhyAtmasAra, adhikAra 9. 100. Anandaghana caubIsI meM uddhRta, pR0 300. 101. Anandaghana, caubIsI-zAntijinastavana 9-10. 102. AcArAGga, 1/4/1. 103. paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI, darzana aura cintana ( khaNDa 1-2) prakA0 paM0 sukhalAla jI samiti, gujarAta, vidyA sabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda-1, bhAga 2, pR0 499. 104. uttarAdhyayana, 23/12-13. 105. AcArAGga, 1/6/2-3. 106. vahI, 1/8/4-7. 107. vahI, 2/5/1. 108. vahI, 1/8/4-2. 109. vahI, 26/1. 110. vahI, 1/8/2 evaM 2/1/9. 111. vahI, 2 / 1 / 1. 112. vahI, 2/1/3. 113. vahI, 2/2/2. 114. vahI, 1/5/3. 115. vahI. 1/5/4. 116. vahI 1/1/3. 117. vahI, 1/5/1. 118. vahI, 1/2/6. 119. vahI, 1/2/6. 120. vahI, 1/3/3. 121. vaho, 1/3/3. 122. vahI, 1/3/1. 123. vahI, 1/3/2. 124. vahI, 1/4/3. 125. vahI, 1/1 // 2-5. 126. upA0 yazovijayajI kRta savAso gAthAnu stavana DhAla pA~cavIM, gAthA0 55. 127. AcArAGga, 2/2/5. 128. atharvaveda saMhitA, prakA0 vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara svAdhyAya maMDala, pAraDI, tRtIya AvRtti, san 1957,62/30/4.

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naitikatA ko maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 79 129. saMpA0 paM0 jagadIzacandra zAstrI, AtmamiddhizAstra, le0 zrImadrAjacandra, zrIparamazra ta prabhA0 maMDala agAsa, prathama AvRtti, san 1937, 131 132. 130. AcArAGga, 1/1/8. 131. vahI, 1/2/4. 132. vahI, 1/3/2. 133. vahI, 1/3/2. 134. vahI, 13/3. 135. vahI, 1/3/3, 1/5/6. 136. vahI, 1/2/1. 137. vahI, 1/5/2. 138. vahI, 1/2 1. 139. vahI, 1/3/3. 140. AcArAGga zI0 TI0 patrAMka 149. 141. AcArAGga, 1/2/6. 142. hRdayanArAyaNa mizra, astittvavAda, kitAbaghara, kAnapura-3, san 1968, pR0 74. 143. AcArAGga, 1/6/5. 144. vahI, 1/2/6. 145. vahI, 1/4/1.

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caturtha adhyAya naitika pramApaka aura AcAMrAga naitika pramApaka-siddhAnta : naitika mAnadaNDa naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kA pariNAma hai / myoraheDa ke anusAra naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kI tIna avasthAe~ haiM (1) bAhya niyama-prathama avasthA meM bAhya niyamoM dvArA vyavahAra kA niyaMtraNa hotA hai| naitika-nirNaya inhIM niyamoM ke AdhAra para diye jAte haiN| ye niyamAvaliyA~ prAyaH vidhi-niSedhamalaka hotI haiN| bAhya niyamoM kA yuga rIti-rivAjoM yA pracalita naitikatA kA yuga thA, taba niyama aura pracalana se nirdezita AcaraNa, naitika AcaraNa mAnA jAtA thaa| (2) Antarika niyama-naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kI dUsarI avasthA meM bAhya niyamoM kA sthAna Antarika niyama le lete haiN| isa avasthA meM manuSya ke naitika nirNayoM kI kasauTI, Antarika niyama hote haiN| bAhya Adeza ke bandhana se vaha mukta ho jAtA hai / vaise, isa Antarika pramApaka ko bhI vidhAnavAda kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha Antarika vidhAna yA niyama para hI bala detA hai| (3) sAdhya yA uddezyamUlaka niyama-naitika jAgRti kI tRtIya avasthA meM vidhimUlaka naitikatA kA sthAna naitika mAnadaNDa viSayaka eka navIna vicAra grahaNa kara letA hai| aba uddezya, prayojana yA sAdhya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara niyama banAe jAne lage haiM / isa prakAra vidhAnavAda ke sthAna para sAdhyavAda apanAyA jAtA hai arthAt vaidhAnika nIti ke sthAna para sAdhyamUlaka nIti A jAtI hai| naitika nirNaya una karmoM para diyA jAtA hai, jinheM buddhijIvI varga svataMtratApUrvaka karatA hai / naitika nirNaya kA viSaya svecchAkRta karma hai / svecchAkRta karma nizcita ho jAne para prazna yaha uThatA hai ki vaha kauna sA pramApaka hai jisake AdhAra para karmoM ko naitika yA anaitika kahate haiM yA unake aucitya-anaucitya kA nirNaya dete haiN| yaha AdhAra hainaitikatA kA mAnadaNDa /

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 81 ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki binA kisI mApadaNDa ke karmoM ke zubhAzubhatva kA naitika mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| naitika nirNaya kI dRSTi se karmoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie zubha-azubha, ucita-anucita Adi zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai / vaha karma zubha hai, jo dhyeya kI prApti ke lie upayogI hai yA kisI uddezya kA sAdhaka hai yA vaha karma ucita hai jo yiyama ke anurUpa hai / karmoM kA mUlyAMkana karate samaya hamAre samakSa koI mAnadaNDa avazya rahatA hai / pAzcAtya nIti paramparA meM karmoM ke naitika mUlyAMkana ke lie do bhinna mApadaNDa rahe haiM - eka to niyama sambandhI yA vidhimUlaka niyama aura dUsarA dhyeya yA sAdhya sambandhI / pAzcAtya paramparA meM svIkRta ina do pramApakoM ko lekara bhI nItijJoM meM kAphI matabheda rahA hai / pariNAmataH vibhinna siddhAntoM kA nirmANa huA hai / prazna yaha hai ki Adhunika pAzcAtya nIti-darzana meM svIkRta vibhinna mAnadaNDoM se bhAratIya-darzana evaM AcArAMga kahA~ taka sahamata haiM ? dUsare zabdoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se ina donoM paramparAoM meM naitika pramApaka sambandhI vicAroM meM kitanA sAmya-vaiSamya hai / aba kramazaH ina para vicAra kiyA jAegA / vidhAnavAda aura AcArAMga : vidhAnavAda ke carama naitika mAnadaNDa ke sambandha meM vividha parikalpanAeM hamAre sAmane AtI haiM / vidhimUlaka parikalpanA ke anusAra vidhi (niyama ) ko carama naitika mAnadaNDa mAnatA hai to koI antastha niyama ko / pro0 saMgamalAla pANDeya kA kathana hai ki 'pratyeka vidhAna, vidhimUlaka aura niSedhamUlaka donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / usakA spaSTa rUpa hai - yaha karo aura yaha mata karo / vaha Adeza hai, parAmarza yA vimarza nahIM hai / yadi usakA pAlana nahIM hotA to AptapuruSa dhamakI, tAr3anA aura daNDa detA hai / usake vidhAnoM kA rUpa kevala karo, itanA hI nahIM hai, varana yaha bhI hai ki 'agara nahIM karoge to ucita daNDa milegA / AjJAkArI puruSa usake vidhAnoM aura niSedhoM kI naitikatA ke sammAna ke kAraNa nahIM mAnatA hai varan vaha unakA pAlana bhayavaza athavA vivaza hokara karatA hai / T vidhAnavAda meM koI karma svataH sat yA asat nahIM hai / vahI karma ucita hai jo pracalita rIti, AptapuruSa ke Adeza yA vidhAna ke anurUpa hai aura vaha jo niyama ke viparIta yA vidhAna ke pratikUla hai, anucita

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82 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hai / vidhAnavAda kI dRSTi meM vahI vyakti naitika guNa sampanna hai jo pracalita mAnyatAoM, bAhya niyamoM yA AdezoM kA mUkabhAva se pazuvat pAlana karatA ho / vidhAnavAda karma ke aucitya - anaucitya kA mUlyAMkana bAhya Adeza kI kasauTI para karatA hai aura usake anusAra bAhya Adeza hI antima pratimAna hai / karma ke zubhAzubhatva ko nirdhArita karane vAlA bAhya Adeza sAmAjika, prAkRtika, rAjakIya yA IzvarIya Adi ucca zaktiyoM se niyaMtrita hotA hai / vidhAnavAdI - siddhAnta ke prakAra : naitika mAnadaNDa ke vidhAnavAdI siddhAnta ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai- (1) bAhya vidhAnavAdI ( 2 ) Antarika vidhAnavAdI / punaH bAhya vidhAnavAdI siddhAnta ke bhI moTe rUpa se cAra bheda haiM (1) jAtIya vidhAnavAda (2) sAmAjika vidhAnavAda (3) vaidhAnika vidhAnavAda aura (4) dhArmika yA IzvarIya vidhAnavAda / (1) jAtIya vidhAnavAda : prAcIna yuga meM jAti kA svAmI mukhiyA yA caudharI hotA thA / jisakI AjJA ko zirodhArya karanA pratyeka sadasya ke lie anivArya thA / samudAya kA mukhiyA sadasyoM ke karmoM para nirNaya detA thA / usake dvArA nirdhArita niyamoM kA pAlana hI naitikatA thI / samudAya ke mukhiyA dvArA svIkRta karma sat aura asvIkRta karma asat samajhe jAte the / isa prakAra usa yuga meM karmoM ke aucitya - anaucitya ke mUlyAMkana kA parama mAnadaNDa jAtIya vidhAna hI thA / naitika dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga ko jAtIya vidhAnavAda mAnya nahIM hai / manusmRti meM ina vidhAnoM ko kucha mAnyatA avazya pradAna kI gaI hai / bhagavadgItA meM jAtIya vidhAnavAda kI kucha hada taka gujAiza hai / (2) sAmAjika vidhAnavAda : isa siddhAnta ke anusAra samAja jina karmoM kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha ucita yA sat aura jinakA niSedha karatA hai vaha asat kahA jAtA arthAt samAja dvArA nirdhArita karttavyoM kI AcAra saMhitA ko jyoM kA tyoM cupacApa svIkAra kara lenA hI naitika pratimAna hai / isa prakAra, sAmAjika niyamoM, naitika saMhitAoM, pracalita dhAraNAoM, andha vizvAsoM evaM rIti-rivAjoM ke anurUpa AcaraNa ko zubha samajhA jAtA thA / bhAratIya paramparA meM jo sAmAjika niyamoM ko svIkAra kiyA

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 83 gayA hai / gItA kA kathana hai ki 'sajjana jaisA AcaraNa karate haiM, anya sAmAnya loga bhI vaisA hI karate haiM, jise sajjana puruSa-pramANita mAnatA hai usokA loga anusaraNa karate haiN| manu bhI zAzvata AcAra ko naitika mAnatA hai| zAzvata AcAra me tAtparya hai -samAja meM por3hiyoM se cale Ane vAlA bhale puruSoM kA acchA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra / jo samAja meM pracalita naitikatA kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha dIrghAyu hotA hai aura sukha pAtA hai, tathA jo usakA ullaMghana karatA hai, usakI nindA karatA hai aura vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| isa taraha manusmRti meM sAmAjika niyama ko naitika pramApaka mAnA gayA hai / mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) meM bhI paramparAgata satpuruSoM kA AcAra naitika pratimAna ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| AcArAMga meM ina sAmAjika naitika niyamoM ko koI sthAna prApta nahIM hai| hA~, paravartI jaina AcAra-darzana meM vyAvahArika dRSTi se inheM kucha mAnyatA milI hai, phira bhI inheM naitikatA kA antima pratimAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (3) vaidhAnika vidhAnavAda : __isa siddhAnta ke anusAra rAjanaitika niyamoM ko naitika jovana ke lie mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| rAjya, niyamoM kA nirmANa karatA hai| rAjasattA ke niyamoM ko naitika AtmA saMcAlita nahIM karatI hai, apitu puraskAra ko bhAvanA aura daNDa kA bhaya Adi bAhya pratibandha paricAlita karate haiM / unase bhayabhIta hokara manuSya karma karane ke lie bAdhya hotA hai / usake AcaraNa ko bAgaDora vaidhAnika niyamoM yA pracalanoM ke hAtha meM hai / binA samajhe-bajhe bAhya niyamoM kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti 'yaha karanA ucita hai' athavA' yaha karanA cAhie, Adi tathyoM se aceta rahatA hai / rAjasattA dvArA Adezita karmoM kA pAlana ucita hai aura usakA ullaMghana karanA anucita hai| ataH rAjyAdeza naitika nirNaya ko kasauTI hai| bhojaprabandha meM kahA gayA hai ki loka rAjA kA anusaraNa karatA hai, jaisA rAjA hotA hai, vaisI prajA hotI hai| jisake (rAjA) vacana yA vidhAna se pavitrAtmA bhI apavitra ho jAtI hai aura apavitra bhI pavitra bana jAtA hai| isalie rAjA ko devatA mAnA gayA hai|" AcArAMga ke anusAra rAjakIya yA vaidhAnika niyama naitikatA kA pramApaka nahIM bana sktaa| una AdezoM kI prakRti' karanA par3egA' kI hotI hai jo naitikatA kA virodhI hai| ataH inheM naitikatA kA carama mAnadaNDa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|

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84 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ghAmika vidhAnavAda : dhArmika vidhAnavAda ke anusAra zAstra yA dharmagrantha IzvarIya vacana haiM, jisameM sabhI manuSyoM ke lie vidhi-niSedhamUlaka kartavya nirdhArita hote haiM / Apta puruSoM kA Adeza, yA IzvarIya niyamoM kA pAlana karmoM ke aucityaanaucitya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| pazcimI vicAraka dekArta, laoNka Adi bhI mAnate haiM ki IzvarIya niyama hI naitikatA kI antima kasauTI haiM / Izvara kI nirapekSa icchA hI naitika pramApaka hai| laoNka to kahatA hai ki naitikatA kA vAstavika AdhAra IzvarIya icchA aura niyama hI ho sakatA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM bhI dhArmika yA IzvarIya vidhAnavAda naitika mApaka rUpa meM mAnya hai| manu ne kahA hai ki vedavihita IzvarIya niyama hI sarvocca mAnadaNDa hai| samAja meM pracalita naitikatA agara aise vidhiniSedhoM ke pratikUla hai to manu use Adarza svarUpa nahIM mAnate / mahAbhArata bhI IzvarIya niyama ko prakaTa karane vAle veda-smRti ko naitikatA kA pramANa mAnatA hai| purANa bhI isa pramApaka ke samarthaka haiM ki veda aura smRtiyoM meM jisa IzvarIya niyama kA Adeza hai, vahI naitika mAnaka hai, vahI dharma hai| rAmAyaNa bhI vedAjJAoM ko naitika mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM pramANa mAnatI hai / 10 cArvAkadarzana ke anusAra rAjA ko Izvara tulya mAnA gayA hai| ataH usake dvArA AdiSTa kartavya yA niyama naitika mAnadaNDa haiN| gItA, zAstra ko karmoM ke naitika mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI svIkAra karatI hai / gItAkAra kA mata hai ki jo zAstrIya vidhAna kI upekSA karake apanI icchAnusAra AcaraNa karatA hai, use zAzvata sukha, saphalatA aura paramagati prApta nahIM ho sktii| ataH katavyA-karttavya ke nirNaya ke lie zAstroM ko pramANa mAnanA cAhie / zAstrokta vidhAna ko jAnakara karma karanA cAhie / 12 bauddha aura jaina dharma, na to Izvara meM vizvAsa karate haiM aura na hI vedoM meM / phira bhI bauddha 'buddha' ko aura jaina 'jina' ko AptapuruSa mAnate haiM aura unake vacanoM yA Agamokta vidhAna ko naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnate haiN| bauddha paramparA3 meM bhI buddha dvArA upadiSTa AdezoM ko naitika jIvana kA pramApaka mAnA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM 'jina' ke Adeza ko naitika mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI mAnA gayA hai / paravartI jaina sUtroM meM 'ANAe dhammo' kahakara ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / mImAMsA darzana meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'codanA lakSaNo'artho dharmaH'

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 85 arthAta vaidika pravartaka vAkya hI dharma kA lakSaNa hai| AcArAMga meM dhArmika vidhAnavAda svIkRta hai / jinAjJAoM kA pAlana sat AcAra hai aura unake dvArA niSiddha karma asat AcAra hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki 'ANAe mAmagaM dhamma esa uttaravAde iha mANavANAM viyAhite'14 / arthAt manuSya ke lie merI AjJAoM meM hI dharma hai| isa prakAra jina AjJAoM kA samyak rUpa meM anupAlana karane kA vidhAna hai| 'jina' vacanoM kA paripAlana naitika jIvana kA anivArya aMga hai / jainAgamoM meM sAdhaka ke lie jo vidhi-vidhAna yA AcAra nizcita kie gae haiM, yadi unakA pAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, to AcArAMga ke anusAra vaha karma, anaitikatA kI koTi meM AtA hai| AjJA pAlana kI mahattA pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki jina-pramANita (satya) Agamokta AjJA ko bhalI-bhAMti samajhakara jo sAdhaka usI ke anurUpa AcaraNa karate haiM, ve hI buddhimAna, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hote haiM / jo sAdhaka, vItarAga AjJA kA pAlana nahIM karatA, vaha cAritra-zUnya hotA hai, durvasu hotA hai arthAt mukti pAne ke yogya nahIM hotA aura isIlie vaha zuddha dharma-mArga kA prarUpaNa karane meM glAni (lajjA -bhaya) kA anubhava karatA hai / ahaMt zAsana meM jinAjJA kI ArAdhanA hI saMyama (dharma) kI ArAdhanA mAnI gaI hai| AjJA aura dharma ( naitikatA) kA saha-astitva batAyA gayA hai| AjJA hI dharma hai / AjJA-viruddha AcaraNa karane kA artha hai-naitikatA ke viruddha AcaraNa krnaa| ___ ataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki arhat AdezAnusAra pravartana karane vAlA vaha vIra sAdhaka hI prazaMsita hotA hai aura dharmAcaraNa karatA haA loka saMyoga se para ho jAtA hai / 17 jina vacanAnusAra AcaraNa karane vAlA zraddhAvAn sAdhaka loka ke svarUpa ko jAnakara akutobhaya ho jAtA hai arthAt vaha kisI bhI prANI ko bhaya utpanna ho, vaisA vyavahAra nahIM karatA, aura aisA sadvyavahAra hI dharma hai, tathA yahI hamAre karmoM ke naitika mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI hai| isa arhat pravacana meM bhagavadAjJA kA AkAMkSI sAdhaka, rAga-dveSa rUpa snigdhatA se vilaga hokara apanA nirIkSaNa karate hue zarIra ko sukhA letA hai / 19 AcArAMga meM Agamokta vidhAnoM ke anusAra pravRtti karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai / kahA gayA hai ki AjJApAlaka sAdhaka, dharma yA naitika karmoM ke avalambana se zreya kA sAkSAlkAra kara letA hai / 20 prabuddha sAdhaka tIrthaMkara ke AdezoM (nirdezoM) kA atikramaNa na kare21 / vizuddha naitika jIvana kI prApti ke lie dharmAjJAoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| AjJAoM ke pAlana ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka

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86 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana parama Adarza kI dizA meM adhikAdhika agrasara hotA calA jAtA hai / yahA~ tIrthaMkaroM kI anAjJA meM udyamI aura AjJA meM anadyamI, aise donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM kI sthiti kA citra khIMcate hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga tIrthaMkara kI AjJA ke viruddha apanI svacchanda buddhi se kumArga yA kalpita anAcAra kA sevana karate haiM / ve dharmAcaraNa kI taraha pratIta hone vAle apane manamAne sAvadya (anaitika) AcaraNa meM udyata rahate haiM aura kucheka sAdhaka arhat-AjJA meM nirudyamI hote haiM / samucita rUpa se unake paripAlana meM puruSArthaM nahIM karate / ve AjJA ke mahattva, prayojana, lAbha se abhijJa hote haiM, phira bhI apanI jar3atA, Alasya, pramAdAdi ke kAraNa vItarAga nirdiSTa dharmAcaraNa ke prati udyamavAna nahIM hote / kumArga ( anAjJA ) meM puruSArtha aura sanmArga (AjJA ) meM pramAda, ye donoM hI doSa sAdhaka ke jIvana meM na hoM, aisA tIrthaMkara kA Adeza hai / unakA Adeza hai ki sAdhaka yA ziSya ko tIrthaMkara evaM unake zAsana ke saMcAlaka AcArya kI AjJAnusAra pratyeka kArya (sAdhanA) karanA cAhie / unakI nirlobha vRtti ke anurUpa dharmAcaraNa karanA cAhie / unhIM kI bhAMti sadA jJAna-sAdhanA meM lIna rahanA cAhie / unhIM ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara unhIM kA anusaraNa karanA cAhie / 22 isa prakAra AcArAMga meM sAdhaka ke lie AjJA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai, kyoMki AgamoM meM 'viNaya dhammo mUlo' arthAt vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA gayA hai / vinaya ke abhAva meM jIvana meM dharma kA udaya nahIM ho sakatA / vinaya kI ArAdhanA AjJA meM hai, isIlie AjJA-pAlana meM hI dharma mAnA gayA hai aura use hI naitikatA aura anaitikatA kA pramApaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkara praNIta dharma, dvIpa tulya hone se sabhI jIvoM kA AzvAsana sthAna arthAt rakSaka hai / AcArAMga meM ise eka sundara rUpaka ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra jala meM AplAvita asaMdIna dvIpa yAtriyoM ke lie AzvAsana sthAna ( AzrayabhUta) hotA hai, usI prakAra tIrthaMkara upadiSTa dharma, saMsAra sAgara pAra karane vAloM ke lie AzvAsana - sthAna hotA hai / isa prakAra AjJA parAyaNa sAdhaka apane naitika parama sAdhya ko sugamatayA pA lene meM samartha hotA hai / isake viparIta, vivekazUnya, moha se AvRta, kaI sAdhaka parISahoM ke upasthita hone para AjJA-viruddha AcaraNa karake apane saMyama-patha (naitika - sAdhanA) se cyuta ho jAte haiM / 24 dharma se patita sAdhakoM kI sthiti 'ito bhraSTastato naSTa:' sI ho jAtI

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 87 hai / ve na isa pAra A sakate haiM aura na usa pAra jA sakate haiM / aise AjJA yA dharma ke viruddha calane vAle naitika (saMyama) patha bhraSTa sAdhaka ko adharmArthI, ajJAnI, ArambhArthI Adi zabdoM se sambodhita karate hue jinapratipAdita dharma kI upekSA karane vAlA kahA gayA hai / 25 punaH dharma-mArgaM evaM naitika AcaraNa meM sthira karane ke lie yathocita bodha ke dvArA guru, ziSya ko anuzAsita karate hue kahate haiM ki saMyama bhraSTatA ( anaitikakarmoM) ke aniSTakara pariNAmoM ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara paNDita, maryAdAzIla evaM niSThitArthaM vIra sAdhaka ko sadA AgamoM meM vihita sAdhanA-patha ke anurUpa saMyama mArga meM puruSArthaM karanA cAhie / 26 isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga meM bAhya vidhAnavAda kI dhAraNA mAnya rahI hai / tIrthaMkaropadiSTa vidhi-niSedha mUlaka vidhAnoM ko naitikatA evaM anaitikatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnA gayA hai / phira bhI ise antima rUpa se naitika mUlyAMkana kA pramApaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / bAhya vidhAnavAda kI samIkSA : I bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya donoM paramparAoM meM bAhya vidhAnavAda kI mAnyatA yA svIkRti hai, kintu ina bAhya niyamoM ko ho antima rUpa se naitikatA kI kasauTI nahIM mAnA gayA hai / kabhI-kabhI bAhya niyama naitika vikAsa meM bAdhaka hote haiM / sAdhaka - jIvana kI pragati ke lie upayogI siddha nahIM hote, vyAvahArika jIvana kI kaThinAiyoM ko sulajhA nahIM pAte aura janasAmAnya ko andha-vizvAsoM, rUDhipriyatA, thothI AsthAoM evaM vizvAsoM se jakar3a dete haiM / bAhya Adeza 'karanA cAhie' ke bajAya ' karanA hogA' kI sRSTi karatA hai / vaha andara kI bAdhyatA na hokara bAhya bAdhyatA yA Aropita bAdhyatA hotI hai aura Aropita bAdhyatA se phalita koI bhI karma naitika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ve bAhya Adeza adhikAMzataH svarga meM puraskAra ke pralobhana evaM narka meM daNDa ke bhaya se yukta hote haiM / yadi puraskAra evaM bhaya kI bhAvanA hI naitikatA kI pravarttaka zaktiyA~ haiM, to phira aisI sthiti meM kiye hue karma kI koI naitikatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| vastutaH naitika niyama bAhyAropita na hokara svataHprasUta hote haiM / karma kA aucitya kevala bAhya niyamoM para hI nirbhara nahIM karatA / yadi bAhya vidhAnavAda ko hI saba kucha mAna liyA gayA to phira naitika cetanA kA koI mUlya hI nahIM raha jAyagA / hA~, Izvara, buddha yA jinopadiSTa vacana yA Adeza hamArA patha pradarzana karate haiM / Atma jAgaraNa kI preraNA bhI dete haiM /

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88: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana bAhya vidhAna phira cAhe ve Izvara yA jina prasUta hI kyoM na hoM, naitikatA ke zarIra ho sakate haiM, naitikatA kI AtmA nhiiN| prArambhika stara para inakI upayogitA avazya hai, kyoMki ye sAdhanA kI bhUmikA ko puSTa karate haiN| ye naitika mAnaNDa ke antima AdhAra nahIM banate / yaha sambhava hai ki ina niyamoM kA akSarazaH pAlana karate hue bhI manuSya kI naitika cetanA prasupta rhe| inameM naitika AcaraNa yAntrika hotA hai| AcArAMga ke pariprekSya meM dekheM to lagatA hai ki usameM bAhya vidhAnavAda ke sambandha meM kucha saMketa milate haiN| usameM tIrthaMkaropadiSTa vidhAnoM kI carcA avazya hai| sAdhanA kI daSTi se una vidhAnoM ke pAlana ko naitika jIvana kA anivArya aMga bhI mAnA gayA hai| sAdhanA-mArga meM praviSTa prArambhika zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke lie vItarAga-AjJA ( AdezoM ) kA pAlana atyAvazyaka evaM upayogI hai, lekina niSThArahita evaM vivekahInatA se una niyamoM kA pAlana karane se koI bhI sAdhaka naitika nahIM bana jAtA / una niyamoM yA sAdhanA ke prati jIvanaparyanta hamArI pUrI niSThA bane rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| AcArAMga27 meM isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai, kyoMki zraddhA evaM prajJA ke prakAza meM sampAdita karma yA AcaraNa hI naitika hogaa| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki prabuddha sAdhakoM ke lie una niyamoM kA pAlana bilkula nirarthaka hai / viveka dRSTi sampanna sAdhakoM ke lie bhI AdezoM ke pAlana kI AvazyakatA banI rahatI hai| antadRSTi jAga jAne ke bAda kI jAne vAlI saMyama-sAdhanA meM ina niyamoM kA pAlana apekSita hotA hai, kintu taba ve vAhya Aropita nahIM raha jAte haiM, apitu apanI hI antarAtmA se prasUta hote yA, anubhavita hote haiM / inakA pAlana to hotA hai kintu 'buddha' yA 'jina' ke Adeza ke rUpa meM nahIM, apitu antarAtmA ke Adeza ke rUpa meN| ___isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki kyA jo sAdhaka dUsaroM kI AlocanA se bhayabhIta hokara pApakarma nahIM karatA hai, use muni kahA jA sakatA hai ? isanA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki antarAtmA ke samujjvala prakAza meM vyAvahArika niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hI munitva hai kyoMki sAdhaka kI samatA munitva ( naitikatA ) kA AdhAra hai / 28 ___ isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki naitikatA kA AdhAra bAhya niyama nahIM, balki sAdhaka kI antarAtmA hai| jaba taka antaHkaraNa pavitra nahIM

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 89 bana jAtA hai taba taka bAhya sAdhanAoM, AcaraNoM evaM niyamoM kA vizeSa mUlya nhiiN| vikAsavAda aura AcArAMga : harbarTa spensara kA siddhAnta vikAsavAdI sukhavAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai / spensara naitika-niyamoM ko jaivika vikAsa ke siddhAntoM se nirgamita karatA hai| vikAsavAdI mAnate haiM ki naitikatA kramika vikAsa kA pariNAma hai aura ise kevala vikAsa-prakriyA ke prakAza meM ho samajhA jA sakatA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki vikAsa kI avasthA meM naitikatA sApekSa hotI hai aura pUrNa vikasita jIvana meM naitikatA nirapekSa ho sakatI hai| jo pratikriyAe~ jIvana ko adhika vikasita karatI haiM, ve naitika haiM aura jo usameM avarodha utpanna karatI haiM, ve anaitika haiN| spensara kA kahanA hai ki vikAsa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka banakara paryAvaraNa evaM samAja ke sAtha samAyojana sthApita karanA manuSya kA parama lakSya honA caahie| yaha lakSya, sukha ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| vaha sukha ko naitika jIvana kA parama zubha mAnate hue bhI Atma-rakSaNa evaM jAti-saMrakSaNa ko mahattva detA hai| usakA kathana hai ki 'jIvana kA parama lakSya sukha hai, parantu sannikaTa lakSya jIvana kI lambAI aura caur3AI hai|29 spensara ke zabdoM meM sadaiva Atma-rakSaNa kI dizA meM pravRtta vikAsa taba apanI sImA para pahu~catA hai jaba vyaktigata jIvana lambAI aura caur3AI donoM meM mahattama hotA hai / 30 harbarTa spensara jIvana-rakSaNa kI pravRtti ko naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnatA hai tathA use naitika pratimAna ke rUpa svIkAra karatA hai| pratyeka prANI meM Atma-rakSaNa evaM jone kI svAbhAvika pravRtti evaM icchA hai| spensara ke anusAra acchA AcaraNa jIvanavardhaka hotA hai aura burA AcaraNa, mRtyu yA jIvana-vinAza kA kAraNa / 31 vikAsavAdiyoM ke anusAra vikAsa kA sAdhya hai, vAtAvaraNa se samAyojana karanA / spensara ke zabdoM meM sabhI burAiyoM kA srota deha kA pariveza ke anurUpa na honA hai / 32 samAyojana hI jIvana kA sAdhya hai aura vahI acchAI aura burAI kA mAnadaNDa bhI hai| isa prakAra vikAsavAdI AcAra-darzana meM nimnalikhita pramukha pratyayoMsiddhAntoM kA naitika kasauTI mAnA gayA hai (1) Atma-saMrakSaNa kI pravRtti, (2) pariveza ke sAtha anurUpatA,

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90 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana (3) vikAsa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka bananA, (4) jIvana kI lambAI aura caudd'aaii| aba hama AcArAMga aura vikAsavAdI-siddhAnta ko tulanA karate hue yaha dekheMge ki unakA AcArAMga ke sAtha kitanA sAmya hai| Atma-saMrakSaNa kI pravRttiH ___ Atma-rakSaNa kA pratyaya vikAsavAdI siddhAnta kA pramukha pratyaya hai / spensara ke uparyukta jIvana-rakSaNa ke naitika pratimAna ko AcArAMga meM bhI karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| jIvana-rakSaNa kI svAbhAvika pravRtti ke AdhAra para hI AcArAMga kA ahiMsA-siddhAnta pratiSThita hai aura use hI naitika nikaSa ke rUpa meM mAnyatA bhI dI gaI hai| ahiMsA-siddhAnta se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki jIvana-rakSaNa zubha hai aura jIvana-vinAza azubha hai / jIvana-rakSaNa kI svAbhAvika pravRtti ke manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki 'sabhI ko apane prANa yA apanA jIvana priya hai aura mRtyu apriya hai' / sukha sabhI ko anukUla hai aura duHkha pratikUla hai|33 yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki jIvanavardhaka hone ke kAraNa sukha, sadaiva anukUla pratIta hotA hai aura jIvananAzaka hone ke kAraNa duHkha pratikUla pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa spensara ke samAna kevala sva-rakSaNa taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu yaha sva-rakSaNa ke sAtha prANi-mAtra ke rakSaNa ko bhI bAta karatA hai| AcArAMga kahatA hai ki jo apanI pIr3A ko jAnatA hai vaha bAhyajagat kI pIr3A ko jAnatA hai| ataH apanI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ke sAtha anya jIvoM kI anubhUtiyoM kI tulanA kara unakI rakSA karanA caahie|34 yahA~ anubhUti ke tulyatA-bodha ke AdhAra para samasta prANivarga ke saMrakSaNa ko preraNA dI gaI hai / dUsaroM ke jIvana kI rakSA vahI kara sakatA hai jo hiMsA yA jIvana-vinAza ke bhayAvaha pariNAmoM ko jAnatA hai|35 jo dUsaroM ko pIr3A kA Atmavat anubhava karatA hai, vaha hiMsA se nivRtta hokara samasta prANi-varga ke rakSaNa kA prayatna karatA hai| spensara ke siddhAnta meM jIvana-rakSaNa kA vicAra manovaijJAnika satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura use naitikatA kA AdhAra bhI mAnA gayA hai kintu use bauddhika AdhAra pradAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jabaki AcArAMga meM ahiMsA-siddhAnta kA sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecana prApta hotA hai aura vaha jIvana ke sabhI rUpoM ko samAna mahattva detA hai / dUsare, mAnavIya jagat se lekara vanaspati jagat taka ke sabhI jIvoM ke rakSaNa kI bAta

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 91 karatA hai jo ki spensara ke darzana meM anupalabdha hai / spensara, jIvana-rakSaNa ke adhikAra ko svIkAra karatA hai kintu jIvana-rakSaNa ke kartavya ko prastuta nahIM karatA, jabaki AcArAMga bauddhika AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko Atmavat mAnakara para-pIr3A se nivRtta hone kA sandeza detA hai aura isa prakAra jIvana-rakSaNa ko karttavya ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta karatA hai / AcArAMga kevala Atma-rakSaNa kI hI bAta nahIM karatA, apitu sabhI jIvoM ke rakSaNa kI bAta karatA hai| ___ AcArAMga meM pratipAdita ye vicAra sUtrakRtAMga36 dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana 8 meM bhI milate haiM / AcArAMga ke samAna kauSItakI upaniSad,3degmahAbhArata40 dhammapada' manusmRti42 zrImadbhAgavat purANa aura cANakyanIti4 meM bhI jIvana-rakSaNa pravRtti ko Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| pariveza se anurUpatA : jisa prakAra vikAsavAdI, samAyojana ke pratyaya ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM tathA use naitikatA kA AdhAra batAte haiM, usI prakAra AcArAMga bhI samAyojana ke pratyaya ko svIkAra karatA hai, kintu donoM meM samAyojanoM kA Azaya bhinna-bhinna hai / spensara bAhya samAyojana kI bAta karatA hai, jabaki AcArAMga Antarika samAyojana ko mahattva detA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra sama yojana kA abhiprAya cetanA yA AtmA kA svasvarUpa ke anurUpa hone se hai| usameM isI svasvarUpa se anurUpatA ko naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| jo cetanA apane svasvarUpa ke anurUpa hotI hai, vaha naitika hai aura jo svasvabhAva ke pratikUla hotI hai, vaha anaitika hai| zuddha caitanya kA apanA svasvabhAva samatA hai, yahI samatA usakA sAdhya hai| sAdhanA kAla meM jo sAdhya hotA hai, vaha siddhi-kAla meM svabhAva bana jAtA hai, isIlie AcArAMga meM samatA se apano AtmA ko prasAdita karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai45, kyoMki samatva aura munitva yA naitikatA meM anyonyAzraya sambandha hai|46 AcArAMga, cittavRttiyoM (rAga-dveSa, kaSAyAdi) aura svasvarUpa ke madhya samAyojana ko mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai| usake anusAra samatA rUpa svasvabhAva meM sthita rahane ke lie citta-vikSobha kA nirAkaraNa Avazyaka hai| yahA~ donoM meM eka pramukha antara yaha hai ki jahA~ AcArAMga meM samatA ko svabhAva kahA gayA hai, vahA~ vikAsavAdI-saMgharSa ko svabhAva kahate haiN|

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92 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana saMgharSa kI pravRtti svabhAva nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki vaha nirAkaraNa ke lie hotI hai| vikAsa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka honA: 'vikAsa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka honA' bhI vikAsavAdI siddhAnta kA mahattvapUrNa pratyaya hai| usake anusAra ucita AcaraNa vaha hai, jo vikAsa meM sAdhaka hai aura anucita AcaraNa vaha hai, jo vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai| yadyapi spensara ke samAna AcArAMga meM bhautika vikAsa kI avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai, tathApi vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avadhAraNA ko avazya prastuta karatA hai| AvArAMga meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA gaNasthAna siddhAnta upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI usameM ahiMsA va samatA kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carcA avazya hai| jIvana ko lambAI-caur3AI : __ spensara ne lambAI aura caur3AI-aise jIvana ke do AyAma prastuta kiyA hai, jinase jIvana ko lambAI aura caur3AI ko mApA jA sakatA hai| lambAI kA Azaya dIrghAyu honA hai aura caur3AI kA Azaya karmaTha honA hai| naitikatA isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki prANI kitanA dIrghAyu evaM karmaTha hai| isa prakAra spensara jIvana kI lambAI aura caur3AI ko naitika mUlyAMkana ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga ko AtmarakSaNa kA pratyaya mAnya hai, lekina usameM spensara kI jIvana ko lambAIcaur3AI kI avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hotI aura na vaha ise naitikatA kA pratimAna mAnatA hai| AcArAMga kI dRSTi se naitika jIvana ke lie dIrghAyu aura karmaThatA jIvana ke Adarza nahIM haiM, kintu jIvana-Adarza hai, nIti yA sadguNa se yukta honA / kyA kisI sadAcAro, saMyamI sAdhaka ke alpAyu hone ke kAraNa use burA kahA jA sakatA hai ? aura kyA eka durAcArI ko zArIrika karmaThatA ke kAraNa acchA kahA jA sakatA hai ? ____ AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jIvana kA utsarga karake bhI naitika sadguNoM kI rakSA karanI caahie| aisI mRtyu bhI usake lie zreyaskara ho jAtI hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai-tapasvI bhikSu ke lie brahmacaryAdi sadguNoM kI rakSA ke lie phAMsI, viSa-bhakSaNa Adi se mRtyu kA AliMgana karanA bhI zreyaskara hai / usakI vaha mRtyu, akAla mRtyu nahIM hai / vaha mRtyu to usake lie moha ko dUra karane vAlI, hitakara, sukhakara, karmakSaya karane meM samartha, niHzreyaSa athavA mokSa pradAyinI hotI hai|47

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 93 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArAMga meM sadguNa evaM saMyama kI surakSA ke lie vaikhAnasa sAdhanA ke dvArA prANotsarga ko bhI anaitika nahIM apitu naitika mAnA gayA hai| usameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki abhigrahaniSTha muni apanI zakti, ruci evaM yogyatAnusAra vividha saMkalpoM ko grahaNa karate haiM / lekina pratijJA aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt kabhI asvastha hone para yA upasarga Ane para bhI vaha sAdhaka apane kRtasaMkalpa, vrata evaM niyamoM para daDha pratijJa rahe / kisI bhI paristhiti meM apane svIkRta saMkalpa yA pratijJA se vicalita na ho / bhale hI vaha prANAnta kara de, lekina svIkRta pratijJA se vicalita na ho| naitika nirapekSatA evaM sApekSitA ke pratyaya ke viSaya meM vikAsavAdI AcAra-darzana aura AcArAMga donoM kI tulanA karane para hama pAte haiM ki AcArAMga ke samAna vikAsavAdI spensara bhI naitikatA meM sApekSa evaM nirapekSa donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| spensara kA dRSTikoNa hai ki jaba taka apUrNatA hai taba taka sApekSa netikatA kI sthiti banI rahatI hai| vartamAna meM hama sApekSa naitika jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiM parantu pUrNa vikasita jIvana meM nirapekSa naitikatA kI sthiti A jAtI hai / AcArAMga bhI yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthA meM naitikatA sApekSa rahatI hai, lekina jaise hI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA prApta hotI hai, naitikatA nirapekSa ho jAtI hai| jaisA ki hama pahale dekha cuke haiM, AcArAMga meM hameM naitikatA aura sApekSa naitikatA9-donoM dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiN| sukhavAda aura AcArAMga: pAzcAtya AcAra paramparA meM karmoM ke mUlyAMkana ke lie do prakAra ke pratimAna svIkRta rahe haiM-eka vidhAnamUlaka pratimAna aura dUsarA sAdhyamUlaka pratimAna / sAdhyavAdI vicAraka mAnate haiM ki karma ke aucityaanaucitya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra koI sAdhya yA Adarza hotA hai / yadyapi yaha sAdhya kyA hai ? isa sambandha meM bhI sAdhyavAdo vicArakoM ke bhinnabhinna mata haiM / sukhavAda sukha ko, buddhiparatAvAda zuddha buddhimaya jIvana ko aura AtmapUrNatAvAda donoM ke samanvaya ko antima naitika Adarza yA sAdhya mAnatA hai| sukhavAdI paramparA naitikatA ke sAdhyavAdI siddhAntoM meM aneka mata haiM, unameM se sukhavAda sabase mahattvapUrNa hai / sukhavAda vaha siddhAnta hai jo sukha ko jIvana

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94 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana kA parama sAdhya mAnatA hai| sukhavAda ko aMgrejI bhASA meM hiDonijma ( Hedonism ) kahate haiM / yaha yUnAnI zabda 'hiDona' se banA hai jisakA artha hotA hai-sukha / pratyeka mAnava kA carama lakSya 'sukha' prApta karanA hai, yahI sukhavAda kahalAtA hai / sukhavAdI yaha mAnate haiM ki naitika dRSTi se vahI karma yA AcaraNa zubha hai, jo sukha ko utpanna karatA hai yA indriya-janya vAsanAoM ko santuSTi detA hai, aura vaha AcaraNa yA karma azubha hai jo vAsanAoM kI pUrti karane maiM bAdhaka hai yA duHkha detA hai| sukhavAda ke kaI rUpa haiN| unameM se pramukha haiM-manovaijJAnika sukhavAda aura naitika sUkhavAda / prAcIna sukhavAda manovaijJAnika hai / vaha vAstavika tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai / Adhunika sukhavAda manovaijJAnika tathya ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI AdarzamUlaka mAnyatA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki manuSya ko sukha kI khoja karanI caahie| manovaijJAnika sukhavAda ko bhI punaH do prakAroM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai-sthUla sukhavAda aura saMskRta yA pariSkRta sukhavAda / sthUla sukhavAdI adhika se adhika aindrika sukha ( daihika sukha ) kI prApti ko mahattva dete haiM jabaki pariSkRta sukhavAdI, zAnta sukha yA mAnasika sukha ko mahattva dete haiN| aba hama manovaijJAnika sukhavAdI vicAradhArA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki AcArAMga kA kyA dRSTikoNa hai ? (kha) manovaijJAnika sukhavAda aura AcArAMga : manovaijJAnika sukhavAda tathyAtmaka hai| manovaijJAnika sukhavAdI vicAraka yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki manuSya svAbhAvika rUpa se sukha kA khojI hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se kaha sakate haiM ki AcArAMga bhI isa manovaijJAnika sukhavAdI avadhAraNA kA poSaka hai, kyoMki vaha bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai ki samasta prANI sukhecchu haiM / sUtrakAra kA mantavya draSTavya hai-'sabhI prANiyoM ko apane prANa priya haiN| sabhI sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se ghabarAte haiN'|50 sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki pratyeka jIva sukhepsu hai| samasta prANiyoM, bhUtoM, jIvoM aura sattvoM ko 'asAtA', azAMti, trAsa aura duHkha apriya hai .51 isa prakAra prANI anukUla yA sukhada padArthoM evaM sAdhanoM ke prati anurAga rakhatA hai aura pratikUla yA duHkhada padArthoM ke prati dveSa rakhatA hai| 'sukhada viSayoM kI aura pravRtti aura duHkhada viSayoM se bacAva', ye kAma-vAsanA yA Asakti ke do kendra haiM aura yahI vAsanA

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naimika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 95 yA kAmecchA, sukha-duHkha kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| vAsanA-pUrti indriyajanya svabhAva hai / jaba viSaya-vAsanA kI pUrti ho jAtI hai to prANI sukhAnubhUti karatA hai aura jaba usameM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai to vaha duHkhAnubhUti karatA hai / ajJAnI vyakti kAma vAsanAoM meM Asakta hokara usase pratAr3ita hotA rahatA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki kAmabhogepsu vyakti apanI vAsanA kI pUrti nahIM hone se zoka karatA hai, mana meM khinna hotA hai, rotA-cillAtA hai, duHkho hotA hai aura saba taraha se pazcAtApa karatA hai / 52 AcArAMga meM eka sthAna para prANi-mAtra ke isa manovaijJAnika svabhAva ki 'samasta prANi-varga ko sukha-priya hai, duHkha apriya hai' ke AdhAra para naitika mAnyatA kI prasthApanA ko gayo hai jisakA sAra yaha hai ki samasta prANiyoM ko vedanA, asAtA aura azAnti mahAbhayaMkara duHkharUpa hai / 53 prastuta sUtra se ye vicAra spaSTa dhvanita hote haiM ki 'sukhAkAMkSA aura duHkhanivRtti' isa manovaijJAnika svabhAva ko naitikatA kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke isa sUkhavAdo dRSTikoNa kA samarthana sUtrakRtAMga54 aura dazavaikAlika55 Adi Agama granthoM meM bhI milatA hai| jainetara paramparA meM bhI sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa pAyA jAtA hai / chAndogyopaniSad56 evaM mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhI sukhavAdI vicAra milate haiN| cArvAkadarzana bhI sukhavAda kA samarthaka hai, yadyapi vaha aindrika sukha ko pradhAnatA detA hai| usakA kathana hai ki 'jaba taka jIe~ sukha se jIe~ aura RNa lekara bhI ghI pIe~' / isa bhasmIbhUta deha kA punaH milanA asambhava hai| prasiddha vidvAna udyotakara59 ne bhI manovaijJAnika AdhAra para yaha ghoSita kiyA hai ki 'sukha-prApti yA duHkhanivRtti hI mAnava jIvana kA kAmya sAdhya hai|' dhammapada,60 mahAbhArata-anuzAsana parva aura manusmRti meM bhI aise vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| (va) naitika sukhavAda aura AcArAMga : arvAcIna sukhavAda naitika sukhavAda hai| usake anusAra sukha mUlya hai / naitika sUkhavAdI vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki naitika jIvana kA Adarza samaSTi kA adhikatama sukha hai aura vahI naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki AcArAMga bhI naitika sukhavAda kA samarthaka hai / usameM naitika Adarza ke rUpa meM 'sukha' kI avadhAraNA rahI hai / yadyapi donoM meM 'sukha' kA pratyaya eka hai| tathApi usakI vyAkhyA meM

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96 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana donoM meM paryApta matabheda hai / naitika sukhavAdI bhautika sukhoM ko mahattva detA hai| isake viparIta AcArAMga, sukha ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa para bala detA hai | vaha avyAbAdha sukha ke anusaraNa kI bAta karatA hai / avyAbAdha sukha kI avasthA AdhyAtmika paramAnanda kI avasthA hai aura yahI mukti yA pUrNatA kI sthiti hai / AcArAMga meM 'nirvANa' 'parinirvANa' 'mokSa' 'pramokSa' yA 'mukti' kI avadhAraNA to avazya hai kintu usameM kahIM spaSTataH abAdha sukha kI avadhAraNA nahIM milatI / paravartI jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM dasa prakAra ke sukha varNita haiM jo isa prakAra haiM - (1) sAmpattika sukha, (2) kAma-sukha, (3) bhoga-sukha, (4) zubhabhoga-sukha, (5) Arogya - sukha, (6) dIrghAyu sukha, (7) santoSa-sukha, (8) niSkramaNa - sukha - (9) astitva sukha (10) anAbAdha sukha / 43 jainAcAryoM ne sAMsArika sukhoM kA kAraNabhUta hone se sAmpattika sukha ko bhI 'sukha' mAnA hai / 64 AcArAMga meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhoga aura artha meM Asakta vyakti, svayaM ko amara kI bhA~ti mAnatA hai aura AcaraNa bhI tadanurUpa ho karatA hai / usakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hotA hai ki isa loka meM tapazcaryA, indriya - nigraha, ahiMsAdi yama-niyama kA koI phala nahIM dikhAI detA / ye saba vyartha haiM, ataH vaha artha- mUr3ha vyakti bAra-bAra sukha kI alabhASA karatA hai, kintu antatogatvA sukha ke badale duHkha hI pAtA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra Arthika yA sAmpattika sukha, duHkha- vRddhi aura krandana kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya hai / kAma aura bhoga sukha ke sandarbha meM vicAra karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki isase vAstavika sukha prApta nahIM hotA apitu jIva saMsAra rUpa duHkha-cakra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai / isIlie AcArAMga meM isa kAmabhoga ko du:kha, moha, mRtyu, narka aura tiryaJcagati kA mahAkAraNa batAkara usake parityAga para bala diyA gayA hai / 67 AcArAMga ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ucca starIya sukhoM kI prApti ke lie nimnastarIya sukhoM kA tyAga kara denA caahie| isa dRSTi se 'zubha-bhoga' sukha mAnasika yA vaicArika sukha kA dyotaka hai" aura kalyANakArI karma kA bhI / 19 isa dRSTi se avalokana kareM to daihika sukhoM kI apekSA mAnasika yA bauddhika sukha zreSTha hai / ataH mAnasika santuSTi yA sukha ke lie daihika sukha kA tyAga karanA cAhie / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki bodhi sampanna sAdhaka ke lie satyaprajJa antaHkaraNa se pApa karma akaraNIya hotA hai / 70 buddha ne bhI kAyika aura

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 97 mAnasika donoM sukhoM meM se mAnasika sukha ko hI mukhya aura zreSTha mAnA hai|' anya dRSTi se soceM to vaiyaktika sukha kI apekSA 'bahujanahitAya, bahajanasukhAya' arthAt loka kalyANakArI sukha zreSTha hai| AcArAGga meM bhI loka kalyANakArI karma (AcaraNa) upalabdha hai / AcArAGga meM kahA hai-AgamajJAtA bhikSa vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA se AplAvita hokara loka kalyANArtha apane vaiyaktika sukhoM kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| vaha hiMsaka logoM dvArA die gae vividha kaSToM ko sahate hue logoM ko kalyANa-mArga dikhAtA rahatA hai / 72 yaha dRSTikoNa upayogitAvAdI mAnyatA ke nikaTa A jAtA hai| parantu jaba hamAre samakSa Arogya kA prazna AtA hai to sAmpattika Adi sabhI nimna koTi ke sukha, tyAjya ho jAte haiM, kyoMki pahalA sukha nirogIkAyA' kahA hai, kintu yadi gaharAI se socA jAya to svAsthya yA Arogyasukha bhI sthAyI nahIM hai / ye sabhI nimnastarIya sukha AkAMkSAjanya haiN| 'icchA' 'AkAMkSA' apane Apa meM sAdhya nahIM hai| AkAMkSAjanya sukhoM se santoSa janita sukha zreSTha hai| kAma-bhogAdi nimnastarIya sukhoM meM AkAMkSA rahatI hai aura jahA~ icchA-AkAMkSA yA kAmanA hai vahAM duHkha hai| isalie santoSa-sukha ke lie AkAMkSA-janya nimna mukhoM kA tyAga kara denA caahie| AcArAGga meM bhI nimnastarIya sukha (lobha) ko apekSA nirlobhatA (santoSa) ko zreSTha kahA hai| saccA tyAgI alobha se lobha ko parAjita karatA haA AkAMkSAjanita prApta kAma-bhogoM kA bhI Asevana nahIM karatA73 / parantu saMtoSa yA alobha bhI antima Adarza nahIM ho sktaa| niSkramaNa yA cAritra (pravrajyA) sukha ke lie sabhI sUkha chor3a diye jAte haiN| yadi alpa sUkha tyAgane para vipula sukha prApta hotA ho to alpasukha kA tyAga kara denA caahie| yahI bAta dhammapada meM bhI hai|74 niSkramaNa-sukha meM indriya-viSaya, lobha-tRSNA, Asakti Adi bhAva srotoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura niHspRhatA, vItarAgatA, arthAt sva-svarUparamaNatA upalabdha hotI hai| isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki eka santoSI puruSa kI apekSA bhI niHspRha vItarAgI zramaNa adhika sukhI hai / prazamaratiprakaraNa meM likhA hai ki sabhI icchA-AkAMkSAoM arthAt sAMsArika prapaMcoM se nivRtta eka niHspaha zramaNa ko jo sukha prApta hotA hai vaha na to cakravartI ko prApta hotA hai aura na devarAja indra ko / samasta loka cintAoM se nivRtta, rAga-dveSa aura kAma-vijetA tathA Atma

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98 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana cintana meM lIna vItarAgI sAdhu sukhapUrvaka rahatA hai / 75 abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM niSkramaNa-sukha ko cAritrika sukha kahA hai| yaha cAritrika sukha kI avasthA uccatama naitikatA kI avasthA hai| AcArAGga ke anusAra niHspahI ko hI saccA anagAra kahA jAtA hai| AcArAGga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'viSaya-vAsanA rUpa bhAvasrotoM ko tyAga kara niSkramaNa karane vAlA mahAna sAdhaka, karmoM kA kSaya kara loka ko jAnatAdekhatA hai'|78 abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhAvasrota arthAt viSaya-vAsanA, karmAsrava ke praveza dvAra haiN| ina karma Ane ke dvAroM ko banda kara dene para hI karmabandhana ruka sakatA hai aura karma-bandha rukane para hI akarma kI arthAt zuddhAtmadazA prakaTa hotI hai / yahI samatva rUpa astitva-sukha kI dazA hai / jo rAgAdi parabhAva haiM, ve AtmA ke nahIM haiN| vastutaH niSkramaNa-sukha aura astitva sukha eka hI avasthA ke niSedhAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka do pahala haiN| jo apanA nahIM hai, una padArthoM yA padArthajanya Asakti se nivRtta honA cAritrika yA naiSkramaNika sukha hai, aura jo apanA hai, svasvabhAva hai, use pA lenA hI astitva-sukha hai| buddha bhI kahate haiM ki jo tumhArA nahIM hai, use chodd'o| use chor3ane se hI tumhArA hita hogA, sukha hogaa|9 pAzcAtya vicAraka je0 esa0 mila bhI kahate haiM ki zuddha artha meM apane astitva ke atirikta merA kucha bhI nahIM hai / deg upayukta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama yaha pAte haiM ki yaha niSkramaNa-sukha hI anAbAdhasukha kA mUla kAraNa hai parantu yaha niSkramaNa sukha bhI svayaM meM Adarza nahIM hai, kyoMki naitika Adarza to nirapekSa hotA hai| vaha kisI anya sukha para Azrita nahIM hotA / ataH naitika jIvana kA carama sAdhya hai-anAbAdha sukh.| yahI sarvocca naitika Adarza hai jise mokSa yA nirvANa kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / AcArAGga niyuktikAra ne bhI saMyama kA sAra nirvANa.arthAt zAzvata paramAnanda ko prApti batAyA hai aura vahI paramasukha hai| nirvANa-prApti kA pratiphala ho vAstavika ekAnta sukha kI prApti honA hai / AcArAGganiyukti meM hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya batAte hue AcAryabhadrabAhu likhate haiM ki 'cAritra kA sAra nirvANa aura nirvANa kA sAra ananta anAbAdhasukha kI prApti hai' / 2 chAndogyopaniSad meM isa anAbAdhasukha ko 'bhUmA' kahA gayA hai| jo bhUmA yA ananta hai, vahI sukha hai / alpa yA anitya vastu meM sukha nahIM hai, ataH usI kI jijJAsA karanI caahie| yaha sukhavAda kA sukha nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha abhautika, nitya aura zAzvata sukha hai| ise sukhavAda ke

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 99 'sukha' se bhinna paramAnanda kahA jAtA hai / dhammapada, 4 aSTakaprakaraNa" aura yogazAstra" meM bhI naitika Adarza ke rUpa meM isI parama svAbhAvika sukha kI dhAraNA upalabdha hotI hai / AcArAGga meM kahA hai ki jahA~ AtmA janmamaraNAdi ke vRtta mArga kA atikramaNa kara detA hai aura mokSa sukha meM rata rahatA hai arthAt jahA~ janmamaraNAdi vRtta mArga kA abhAva ho / vahI mokSasukha hai / " abhidhAna rAjendrakoza" meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki yaha anAbAdha ( mokSasukha ), avinazvara, nirbAdha, atIndriya aura svabhAvajanya sukha hai / vaha 'mokSa sukha' zabda dvArA varNanIya nahIM hai, tarkagamya nahIM hai, aura na usa mokSa sukha ke lie koI upamA hI hai / " vaha svayaM apane upamAna- upameya svarUpa ko prApta hai / usakA varNana karane meM samartha anya upamA koI nahIM hai / 30 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI mokSasukha ko atulanIya kahA hai / 11 .92 isa prakAra, AcArAGga ke anusAra sabhI nimna starIya sukha parama yA sarvocca sukha kI prApti meM bAdhaka hone ke kAraNa tyAjya mAne gae haiM / usake anusAra ( anAbAdha ) mokSasukha hI antima sAdhya hai, jo eka nirapekSa AdhyAtmika paramAnanda kI avasthA hai / yahI paramapada, nirvANa yA mukti hai / yahI AcArAGga kA sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa hai / AcArAGga' ke samAna hI pravacanasAra prazamaratiprakaraNa 14 aura jJAnArNava 5 meM bhI indriya sukha kI kaTutA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai ki yaha indriya viSayajanya sukhAbhAsa vastutaH duHkharUpa hI hai / abhidhAnarAjendra koza meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki vItarAgasukha ke atirikta zeSa saba sukha, duHkha pratikAra ke nimitta haiM, sukha kA abhimAna utpanna karate haiM ataH ve vAstavika sukha nahIM haiM / " vAstavika sukha kI prApti kaise ho, isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga ke 'AsaMca chaMda ca vigica dhIre' 1/2/4 tathA ummuca pAsaM ihamacciehi ' 1/3/2 ina sUtroM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAgabhAva yA kAma-vAsanA ko samApta karane para hI saccA sukha athavA svasvabhAva rUpa sukha kI prApti ho sakatI hai / yaha bhI kahA hai ki 'arahaM AuTTe se mehAvI khaNasimukke - 1122 arthAt arati (viSaya-tRSNAoM) se nivRtta sAdhaka kSaNabhara meM mukta ho jAtA hai / dazavekAlikasUtra ( 2 / 10 ) meM bhI 'kAme kamAhi kamiyaM khu dukkhaM' kahakara yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki kAmavAsanAoM ko jIta lo, duHkha dUra ho jAegA / pariNAmataH nirupAdhika vAstavika sukha kI prApti ho jaaegii|

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100 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana buddhiparatAvAva aura AcArAGga : ____ sukhavAda AtmA ke bhAvanAtmaka pakSa para jora detA hai aura buddhiparatAvAda AtmA ke bauddhika pakSa para / kANTa, vizuddha buddhi pradhAna yA bauddhika jIvana kA pakSadhara hai, jisameM vAsanAoM, bhAvanAoM, icchAoM, saMvegoM athavA indriyaparatA kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| pazcima ke isa vairAgyavAdI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana prAcIna kAla meM kaThora tapazcaryAvAda ke rUpa meM siniksa ne, viraktivAda ke rUpa meM sToiksa ne, saMnyAsavAda ke rUpa IsA IdharmAcAryoM ne kiyA thaa| vartamAna yuga meM isa siddhAnta ko kANTa ne buddhiparatAvAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| kANTa kA vicAra hai ki bauddhika saMkalpa yA sadicchA (Good-Will) hI jIvana kA parama zubha hai / sadicchA kA artha sadbhAvanA nahIM, balki kartavya buddhi hai / sadicchA bauddhika hai aura vaha nirapekSa naitika buddhi athavA zubha-saMkalpa kA pariNAma hai| zubha-saMkalpa naitika niyama hai / ataH ise kisI pariNAma vizeSa se sambaddha karanA anaitika hogA / bauddhika athavA zubha saMkalpa hI ekamAtra zubha hai aura zubha saMkalpa kartavya ke lie karma karatA hai aura usameM apavAda kI koI gujAiza nahIM hotii| zubhasaMkalpa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha zubha hai| vaha viSaya-rahita, vizuddha AkArika evaM anubhava-nirapekSa hai aura usakA nirapekSa rUpa yaha batalAtA hai ki karma kI naitikatA karma ke pariNAma para nahIM, apitu usake preraka tattva arthAt saMkalpa para nirbhara karatI hai| karma kitanA hI prazaMsanIya kyoM na ho, lekina yadi vaha sahAnubhUti, dayA, prema,karuNA Adi bhAvanAoM se prerita hokara kiyA gayA ho to kANTa ke matAnusAra vaha zubha yA naitika nahIM hai / icchAoM se yukta karma anaitika hai| kANTa ke anusAra karma tabhI zubha hai, jaba vaha bauddhika saMkalpa yA kartavya buddhi se kiyA gayA ho / usakA spaSTa vicAra hai ki kisI karma kA sampAdana kisI bhAvanA yA vega kI paritRpti ke lie nahIM, pratyuta bauddhika saMkalpa ke Adeza se honA cAhie / ___kANTa ne apane siddhAnta meM naitikatA ke aise pAMca sUtra prastuta kie haiM, jinake dvArA karma ke zubhAzubhatva ko parakhA jA sakatA hai / usake ye pAMca sUtra haiM(1) sArvabhauma vidhAna sUtra : tuma kevala usI niyama kA pAlana karo, jisake mAdhyama se tuma

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 101 usI samaya icchA kara sako ki yaha eka sArvabhauma vidhAna hone vAlA ho / (2) prakRti vidhAna kA sUtra : aisA karo ki mAno tumhAre karma kA niyama tumhArI icchA ke mAdhyama se prakRti kA eka sArvabhauma vidhAna hone vAlA ho| ( 3 ) svayaM sAdhya kA sUtra : aisA karo jisase apane vyaktitva meM pratyeka anya puruSa ke vyaktitva meM nihita mAnavatA ko tuma sadA eka hI samaya sAdhya ke rUpa meM prayoga karo, kabhI sAdhana ke rUpa meM nhiiN| (4) svatatratA kA sUtra : aisA karo ki tumhArI icchA usI samaya apane niyama ke mAdhyama se apane ko sArvabhauma vidhAna banAne vAlI samajha sake / (5) sAdhyoM ke rAjya kA sUtra : tuma sadA apane niyama ke mAdhyama se sAdhyoM ke eka sArvabhauma rAjya ke vidhAyaka sadasya ho / 97 kANTa kI uparyukta nIti-zAstrIya mAnyatAeM AcArAMga meM kahAM taka mAnya rahI haiM tathA donoM ke vicAroM meM kitanA sAmaMjasya hai, isa sambandha meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vicAra karanA apekSita hai / (1) sArvabhaumavidhAna satra : ___kANTa ke isa sUtra ke anusAra koI bhI karma tabhI naitika mAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki vaha usI samaya sArvabhauma yA sAmAnya niyama bana jAne kI kSamatA rakhatA ho / yadi vaha sAmAnya yA sArvabhauma niyama bana sakatA hai to vaha zubha hai, anyathA azubha hai| isake vyavahArika rUpa ko samajhAne ke lie kANTa zapatha tor3ane kA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai / yadi zapatha tor3ane ko eka sAmAnya niyama banA diyA jAya-pratyeka vyakti zapatha tor3ane lage to phira zapatha lene kA koI artha nahIM raha jaaegaa| isI taraha jhUTha, corI, beImAnI Adi ko bhI sAmAnya-niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / isa dRSTi se ye sabhI karma anucita haiM / kANTa ke isa sUtra kA mantavya yahI hai ki jo sArvabhauma niyama bana sakatA hai vahI karma AcaraNIya yA naitika hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para kahA jA sakatA hai ki kANTa kA sArvabhauma vidhAna-sUtra AcArAMga meM ahiMsA-siddhAnta ke rUpa meM

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102 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana pratiSThita hai jo usakI traikAlika sArvabhaumikatA ko siddha karatA hai ahiMsA naitikatA kA sAmAnya yA sArvabhaumika maulika niyama hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra yadi vizva kA koI sArvabhaumika yA sarvasAmAnya dharmaM (niyama) bana sakatA hai to vaha ahiMsA hI hai / ahiMsA dharma kI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki kisI bhI prANI, bhUta, satya yA jIva ko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhie / yaha ahiMsA dharma zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata hai / " hama apane lie jisakI icchA karate haiM usako dUsaroM ke lie bhI karanI cAhie aura jisakI icchA apane lie nahIM karate haiM, dUsaroM ke lie bhI usakI icchA nahIM karanI caahie| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki prANI mAtra ko Atmavat samajhanA cAhie / AcArAMga meM isI Atmaupamya - siddhAnta ko AcaraNa ke zubhAzubhatva kA zAzvata pratimAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 100 isa prakAra saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki kANTa kI prathama nItivAkya sambandhI dhAraNA AcArAMga meM Atmaupamya dRSTi yA ahiMsA - siddhAnta ke rUpa meM svIkRta rahI hai / isa dRSTi se donoM ke vicAroM meM kAphI sAdRzya hai / 9 sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, 101 dazavaikAlika, 102 praznavyAkaraNa, 903 meM bhI ye hI vicAra milate haiM / AcArAMga ke samAna bauddha paramparA ke suttapiTaka, dhammapada, tathA vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata, gItA, manusmRti, hitopadeza, 10 meM bhI isa taraha ke vicAra dRSTigocara hote haiM / ( 2 ) prakRti-vidhAna kA sUtra : 104 106 kANTa kA dUsarA sUtra prakRti vidhAna kA hai / kANTa ke anusAra jo karma prakRti kI ekarUpatA evaMsoddezyatA ke anurUpa hogA vahI prAkRtika kahA jaaegaa| isake viparIta kiyA jAne vAlA karma aprAkRtika hogA / kANTa ke isa sUtra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mAnava ko Adarza prakRti ke anurUpa karma ucita hogA, isake viparIta karma anucita / jaina darzana meM ise yaha kahakara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki svabhAvadazA kI ora le jAne vAle karma naitika aura vibhAvadazA kI ora le jAne vAle karma anaitika hote haiM / 105 AcArAMga ke anusAra samatA rUpI svabhAva kI upalabdhi naitikatA kA Avazyaka tattva hai / AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM 109 Anandaghana jI ne AnandaghanacaubIsI 10 meM evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne adhyAtmasAra evaM adhyAtmaupaniSad 12 meM bhI svabhAva aura parabhAva ( vibhAva ) 107

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 103 ko karma ke zubhAzubhalva ke mUlyAMkana kA AdhAra mAnA hai / unake anusAra naitikatA isa bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki jIva kitanA nija svabhAva meM sthita hai, jitanI nija svabhAva meM avasthiti hai utanI hI naitikatA hai aura jitanI parabhAva, paradravya yA paraparyAyoM meM avasthiti hai utanI hI anaitikatA hai arthAt jaba jIva jJAtA-draSTA rUpa Atma-svabhAva meM susthita rahatA hai taba vaha svasamaya haiM aura jaba vaha moha, rAga-dveSa vaza paradravya, paudgalika paryAyoM athavA vibhAva dazA meM rata rahatA hai, taba use parasamaya kahA jAtA hai| gItA meM bhI isa svabhAva ko naitika pratimAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue yaha kahA hai ki jJAnavAna apanI prakRti ke anurUpa hI karma karate haiM / sabhI prANI apane svabhAva kI ora jA rahe haiM / 153 isa prakAra AcArAMga14 ke anusAra samatA hI AtmA yA caitanya kA zuddha svabhAva hai aura viSamatA vibhAva hai| samatA se niSpanna AcaraNa sadAcaraNa hai aura viSamatA se niHsRta AcaraNa asadAcaraNa hai / AcArAMga meM naizcayika ( vaiyaktika ) dRSTi se samatA ko hI sadAcAra yA naitikatA kA pratimAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha kANTa ke nItizAstra aura AcArAMga donoM meM svasvabhAva ke rUpa meM samabhAva para bala diyA gayA hai| (3) svayaM sAdhya kA sUtra: ___ kANTa kA tRtIya sUtra yaha hai ki isa prakAra karma karo jisase samasta mAnavatA ko, cAhe vaha tumhAre vyaktitva ke rUpa meM ho yA kisI anya vyakti ke rUpa meM ho, sadaiva sAdhya samajho, sAdhana nahIM / yaha Adeza jhUTha, corI, dhokhA, zoSaNa, cApalUsI Adi kA niSedha karatA hai| isakA sarala Azaya yaha hai ki apane sahita samasta mAnava-mAtra ke prati kabhI bhI sAdhana ke rUpa meM nahIM, apitu sAdhya ke rUpa meM hI vyavahAra karo / udAharaNa ke taura para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki koI vyakti na to dUsare kI cIja curA sakatA hai aura na dUsare ke dvArA svayaM kA mAla curAne ke lie anumati de sakatA hai| isa sUtra ke anusAra donoM hI vajita haiM kyoMki eka meM dUsarA aura dUsare meM pahalA hI vyakti sAdhana bana jAtA hai| mAnavatA svayaM sAdhya hai| na to hameM dUsare ke hita kA sAdhana bananA hai aura na dUsaroM ko apane hita kA sAdhana banAnA hai| yadi manuSya svayaM apanI AtmA ko dUsare ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI banAtA hai to usakA AcaraNa anaitika hI kahA jAyagA aura yadi dUsaroM kI AtmA ko apane

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104 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana svArtha kA sAdhana banAtA hai to vaha karma bhI anaitika hI kahA jaaygaa| yaha sUtra bhI kANTa ke prathama sUtra kI bhA~ti hI sadguNa-duguNa yA zubhAzubhatva kA pratimAna hai| AcArAMga meM bhI kANTa kI uparyukta mAnyatA ke anurUpa vicAra upalabdha hote haiM / unameM kahA hai ki 'No attANaM AsA ejjA No paraM asAejjA'15 sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha na to apanI AtmA kI AzAtanA yA avahelanA kare aura na dUsaroM meM pratiSThita AtmA kI avahelanA kre| yadi hama koI aisA AcaraNa karate haiM jisameM hamArI AtmA athavA dUsaroM kI AtmA kI avajJA hotI hai to nizcita hI vaha karma anaitika hogaa| yaha sUtra hameM karma ke zubhAzubhatva ko parakhane ko dRSTi detA hai| sarala zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki hama apanI svArtha-siddhi ke lie kisI vyakti yA jIva ko sAdhana banAkara apanA svArtha sAdha leM to vaha AcaraNa anucita hogA aura yadi hama usakI svArtha pUrti kA sAdhana bana jA~ya athavA vaha hameM apanI svArtha-siddhi kA sAdhana banAkara apanA kAma sAdha leM to vaha bhI anaitikatA hI hogaa| itanA hI nahIM, apitu AcArAMga kANTa se bhI eka kadama Age jAkara jagat ke samasta prANa, bhUta, sattva aura jIvoM kI avahelanA nahIM karane para bala detA hai / 116 sabako Atmaupamya kI dRSTi se dekhane kI bAta kahatA hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki na to apanI AtmA kA apalApa ( niSedha ) kara aura na loka kI AtmA kA apalApa ( niSedha) kareM, kyoMki jo apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai vaha loka kI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai aura jo loka kI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai vaha apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai / 17 __kANTa ke uparyukta sUtra meM sabake prati samAna evaM maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra karane kA bhAva antarnihita hai / AcArAMga, bhI tulya vyavahAra ke rUpa meM isa vicAra kA samarthana karatA hai| vahI vyakti Atma-abhyudaya kara sakatA hai, jo apanI aura vizva kI samasta AtmAoM kI vedanA ko samAna jAnakara unake prati tulyatA kA vyavahAra karatA hai / 118 (4) svataMtratA kA sUtra : kANTa kA svataMtratA kA sUtra usake prathama sUtra meM antarbhUta vyAkhyA kA spaSTIkaraNa prastuta karatA hai| isa sUtra se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti ko svataMtratA kA yA samAnatA kA adhikAra hai / hameM kisI parama zubha kI prApti hetu apane saMkalpa kA prayoga karane ke lie svataMtra honA

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 105 cAhie / yadi hama sArvabhauma-vidhAna yA niyama meM svataMtratA kA anubhava nahIM karate haiM to hamArA karma anaitika hai| sArvabhauma niyama meM hI svataMtratA kI siddhi hotI hai / isa dRSTi se yaha sUtra bhI Atmaupamya bhAvanA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama kaha sakate haiM ki isa sUtra meM sannihita bhAva AcArAMga meM ahiMsA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM upalabdha haiM aura ise hI naitikatA kI kasauTI mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM AtmA kI svataMtra zakti ko bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai|119 AtmA kA utthAna-patana AtmA para hI nirbhara hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki kANTa ke vicAra AcArAMga kI mAnyatA se bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhate haiN| (5) sAdhyoM ke rAjya kA sUtra : kANTa ko sAdhyoM ke rAjya kA sUtra bhI yahI pratipAdita karatA hai ki sabako samAna mUlya vAlA samajho / naitikatA kA yaha sUtra sArvabhauma niyama hai / isa sUtra meM nihita bhAva AcArAMga meM 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke rUpa meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / ahiMsA hI sAmAjikatA ke vistAra kA hetu hai / pArasparika vyavahAra ko 'sarvathA avirodhI' banAnA ahiMsA kI pahalI zarta hai / isa dRSTi se donoM meM vicAra sAmya hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki kANTa ke sabhI nIti-sUtroM meM pratyakSa yA apratyakSa kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM samatva, anAsakti, Atmaupamya dRSTi ke bhAva dhvanita haiM / isa prakAra kANTa kA dRSTikoNa AcArAMga ke dRSTikoNa ke atyadhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| kANTa aura AcArAMga: ___kANTa indriya-nigraha kA prabala pakSapAtI hai| vaha apane darzana meM icchAoM, vAsanAoM aura manovegoM ke damana para jora detA hai| kANTa dvArA prastuta 'nigraha' yA 'damana' kA pratyaya AcArAMga meM bhI svIkRta rahA hai| usameM deha-damana evaM indriya nigraha para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko bhAvasrota kA parijJAna kara tathA damanendriya bana saMyama meM vicaraNa karanA cAhie / 120 usameM yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki mokSa ke icchuka sAdhaka ko kAmanAoM ko chinnabhinna kara DAlanA cAhie / 121 / AcArAMga meM deha-damana ke sandarbha meM likhA hai ki prajJAprApta mani kI bAheM kRza hotI haiM, unake zarIra kA rakta aura mAMsa sUkha jAtA hai / 122 vAstava meM icchAoM, vAsanAoM kA damana manovaijJAnika dRSTi

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106 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana koNa se nitAnta asamocIna pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko dUSita banA detA hai| ina kAmanAoM ko dabAne ke bajAya unakA UrvIkaraNa karanA caahie| uttarAdhyayana 123 evaM dhammapada 124 meM bhI urvIkaraNa sambandhI vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| kANTa kahatA hai ki zubha-saMkalpa yA parama Adeza paristhiti vizeSa para abalambita nahIM haiM / zubha saMkalpa sadaiva zubha hogA / vaha paristhiti vizeSa meM azubha nahIM ho sktaa| paristhitijanya Adeza kAraNa sApekSa Adeza haiN| vaha apane AcAra-darzana meM naitikatA ke donoM rUpoM ko svIkAra karane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai / vaha kevala nirapekSa naitikatA para hI pUrA bala detA pratIta hotA hai / usane apane naitika niyamoM meM na to ApavAdika mArga ko sthAna diyA hai aura na usakI sApekSatA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para AcArAMga aura kANTa ke vicAroM meM thor3A matabheda hai jabaki AcArAMga meM nIti ke nirapekSa evaM sApekSa donoM pakSa upalabdha haiM tathA unameM ausagika-ApavAdika mAgaM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| ___ kANTa jIvanake jJAnAtmaka pahalU para hI bala detA hai / vizuddha vivekamaya jIvana hI kANTa ke siddhAnta kA parama Adarza hai| vaha apane siddhAnta ke pratipAdana meM AtmA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa kI pUrNataH avahelanA karatA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se AcArAMga kI ora dRSTipAta karane para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM bhI jJAnapakSa arthAt kevala jJAna ko naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se sIdhe sIdhe kahIM kevalajJAna yA 'kevala' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, kintu aNelisannANi NANI, jogaM ca savva sA NaccA savvasamaNNAgayapaNNANeNaM125 jaise zabdoM dvArA use spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga kI racanA ke samaya aise pAribhASika zabdoM kA nirmANa nahIM huA thaa| ___ isa prakAra donoM meM vaicArika samAnatA dRSTigata hotI hai, parantu sAtha hI, AcArAGga cetanAmeM bhAvAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka (darzana aura cAritra) pakSa kI bho upekSA nahIM karatA hai| usameM naitikatA ko paripUrNatA ke lie antadarzana, anantacAritra evaM anantasaukhya ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai arthAt ina tInoM kI samanvita upasthiti ko hI naitika jIvana kAM carama Adarza mAnA gayA hai /

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 107 AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jo ananya ( caitanya svarUpa ) ko dekhatA hai vaha ananya ( caitanya svarUpa ) meM ramaNa karatA hai / 126 ratnatraya kI bhASA meM kaha sakate haiM ki AtmA ko jAnanA samyagjJAna, AtmA ko dekhanA samyagdarzana aura Atma-ramaNa karanA samyaka cAritra hai| uparyukta sUtra se darzana aura cAritra kA spaSTa darzana hotA hai, parantu yahA~ darzana meM jJAna antarbhUta hai, kyoMki donoM sahabhAvI haiM / isa prakAra AcArAGga cetanA yA AtmA ke tInoM pahaluoM para samAna bala detA hai jabaki kANTa ina tInoM kI carcA nahIM karatA hai / yahA~ AcArAGga kANTa ke vicAroM se punaH pRthaka par3a jAtA hai| kANTa ke siddhAnta ko kaThoratAvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| vaha manuSya ke naitika jIvana meM bhAvAtmaka tattva ko nitAnta asvIkAra karatA hai arthAt usake anusAra aisA koI bhI karma naitika nahIM ho sakatA jo bhAva yA saMvega se samprerita hotA ho / yahA~ taka ki usake anusAra zraddhA-AsthA dayA-prema, karuNA, kSamA Adi se prerita koI bhI AcaraNa nIti sammata nahIM hai| dUsare, use apane naitika niyamoM meM kisI taraha kA apavAda-mArga svIkArya nahIM hai| vaha kahatA hai ki bauddhika niyama, naitika niyama hai aura naitika niyama usa siddhAnta ko prasthApita karatA hai jisameM apavAda yA Apaddharma ke lie tanika bhI sthAna nahIM hai| isa prakAra vaha bhAvanA evaM apavAda mArga ko pUrNataH asvIkAra kara dene ke kAraNa apane AcaraNazAstra ko AvazyakatA se adhika kaThora banA detA hai aura inhIM kAraNoM se usakI nIti bahuta zuSka evaM kaThora ho jAtI hai| AcArAMga meM bhI kaThoratAvAda ke darzana hote haiN| usameM zramaNajIvana ke lie kaThoratama niyamoM kA vidhAna hai| kaThoratama niyamoM ke vidhAna ke vAvajUda usameM deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke anusAra apavAda mArga kA bhI vidhAna hai| sAtha hI, AcArAMga hameM bhAvapakSa-jaise dayA, kSamA, karuNA, zraddhA, satya, zIla, santoSa, Atma-saMyama, dRr3ha saMkalpa Adi sadagaNoM yA sadbhAvoM ke vikAsa kA pATha sikhAtA hai| use kaThoratAvAda isI rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usakA AcAra-vidhAna, tapa evaM dhyAna-mArga atIva kaThora hai / vaha dehotpIr3ana evaM indriyoM ko sukhA DAlane taka kI bAta kahatA hai| sAmAnyajana ke lie una kaThora AcAra-niyamoM kA samyakrUpeNa pAlana karanA bar3A kaThina hai| AcArAMga127 meM tapa evaM dhyAnarUpI agni ke dvArA kalyANAtmA ko jIrNazIrNa evaM sukhA DAlane kI bAta kahI gaI hai / kaThora tapazcaraNa ke dvArA

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108 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana sAdhaka rakta aura mAMsa ko kama yA alaga kara detA hai / 128 AcArAMga meM svIkRta kaThoratAvAda IsAI dharmameM saMnyAsavAda ke rUpa meM milatA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki 'jIvita rahane ke lie mara jAo' tAtparya yaha ki vahA~ bhI AcArAMga ke samAna AtmoddhAra ke lie dehotpIr3ana kI bAta mAnya hai| AtmapUrNatAvAda aura AcArAMga : __ nItizAstra meM AtmapUrNatAvAda kA siddhAnta Atma-siddhivAda, AtmasAkSAtkAravAda, Atma-kalyANavAda Adi nAmoMse prasiddha hai| yaha siddhAMta bahuta prAcIna hai / phira bhI hegela, grIna, braDale aura bosAMke ne ise aura adhika mahattvapUrNa banA diyA hai| pUrNatAvAda Atma-pUrNatA ko hI naitika jIvana kA carama Adarza mAnatA hai aura ise hI karma ke zubhAzubhatva ke mUlyAMkana ke lie antima mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| __sukhavAda AtmA ko vizuddha rUpa se indriyamaya mAnatA hai evaM usakI saMtRpti ko parama zubha kahatA hai arthAt sukha yA bhoga ko hI naitika jIvana kA parama sAdhya mAnatA hai| buddhaparatAvAda ke anusAra vizuddha baddhimaya jIvana hI naitika paramasAdhya hai| isa prakAra ye donoM mata ekAMgI haiN| pUrNatAvAda ne ina donoM siddhAntoM kI ekAMgitA se Upara uThakara vAsanA evaM viveka-ina donoM pakSoM kA samanvaya kara eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai| vaha AtmA ko vAsanAmaya evaM vivekamaya donoM hI mAnate hue pUrNa AtmA kI siddhI ko sarvocca naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnatA hai| ____madhyayugIna IsAI dharmAcAryoM ne bhI Atma-pUrNatA para vizeSa bala diyaa| IsAmasIha kahate haiM ki 'tuma vaise hI pUrNa bana jAo jaise svarga meM tumhAre pitA haiN|' hegela kA naitikatA kA AdarzAtmaka dRSTikoNa usakI eka ukti se spaSTa ho jAtA hai 'vyakti bano aura vyaktitva ke rUpa meM dUsaroM kA sammAna kro|' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti kA lakSya vyaktitva lAbha hai| hama apane vyaktitva- nirmANa yA Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke lie adhikatama kSamatA ajita kare aura dUsaroM ke vyaktitvoM kA Adara kreN| yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba manuSya prajJA (viveka) ke dvArA nimna starIya AtmA arthAt vAsanAmaya AtmA para niyaMtraNa kare / __isa prakAra pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya sabhI mokSalakSI AcAra-darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM pUrNatAvAda kA samarthana karate haiM /

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAGga : 109 naitika sAdhya ke sandarbha meM AcArAMga Atma-pUrNatA (cetanA ke jJAna, bhAva evaM saMkalpa ina tInoM ke pUrNa prakaTana ) ko sthAna detA hai| yahA~ pUrNatAvAda evaM AcArAMga dvArA pratipAdita sAmAnya tattvoM kA tulanAtmaka vicAra apekSita hai| jisa prakAra pUrNatAvAda Atma-siddhi ke lie prajJA evaM bhAvanA donoM ko samAna mahattva detA hai usI prakAra AcArAMga meM bhI naitika sAdhya kI upalabdhi yA Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke lie cetanA ke donoM pakSoM ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai ki trividha puruSa parama ( mokSa ) ko jAnakara ( hiMsAdi meM AtaMka dekhatA hai ) jo ( hiMsAdi meM ) AtaMka dekhatA hai vaha pApakarma yA anaitika AcaraNa nahIM krtaa| vaha agra aura mUla kA viveka kara AtmadarzI ( AtmadraSTA ) bana jAtA hai / 29 ___yahA~ 'parama' kA artha satya mA mokSa hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna aura cAritra bhI parama ke sAdhana hone ke kAraNa parama kahe gaye haiN| ataH parama kA jJAtA puruSa pApa kA anubandha na karatA hai na karavAtA hai aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| 130 sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki he dhIra puruSa! tU isa prakAra ( jAgarUkatA, jJAna, sahiSNutA, maitrI, karuNA, dayA Adi) ke sadAca raNa ke dvArA saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukta ho jAyegA / 131 jisa prakAra pUrNatAvAda naitika sAdhya kI prApti ke lie prajJAtmaka yA jJAnAtmaka AtmA ke dvArA indriyamaya AtmA kA saMyamana evaM parimArjana Avazyaka mAnatA hai, usI prakAra AcArAMga bhI isa bAta para bala detA hai ki nimna AlmA (viSaya-kaSAyAtmA) ko jJAnAtmA se anuzAsita honA caahie| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM sthAna-sthAna para rAga-dveSa, viSaya-kaSAya,pramAda, Asakti Adi ke pUrNa saMyamana evaM nigraha para bala diyA gayA hai| vaha rAga yA vAsanA ke pUrNa parimArjana, pariSkaraNa yA udAttIkaraNa kA pakSadhara hai, usake kucala DAlane kA nahIM / sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki trividha jJAnI puruSa ko cAhie ki vaha apane antarmana ko viSAya-kaSayoM kI agni se prajjvalita na hone de / 132 kyoMki viSayakaSAyoM kI upasthita meM dharma kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM ho sakatI hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jina puruSoM kI kaSAya yA dehAsakti mRta jaisI hotI hai, ve hI puruSa dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna pAte haiM aura dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane vAle puruSa hI Rju yA jJAnI kahalAte haiM / 133 jJAnI puruSa apanI nimna AtmA ko kisa prakAra saMyamita ora jAgarUka

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110 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyanana rakhate haiM, isa sandarbha meM sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki vipula jJAnI vipuladarzI, upazAnta samyak pravRti karane vAle jJAnAdi guNoM se yukta evaM indriyajayI puruSa apanI adhyAtma sAdhanA meM bAdhA utpanna karane vAle parISaha vizeSa rUpa se strIparISaha ke prasaMga upasthita hone para apanI AtmA ko anuzAsita karate haiM arthAt brahmacarya se vicalita karane ke lie upasthita strI Adi ko dekhakara apane mana meM paryAlocana karate haiM ki Atmana 'krimesa jaNokarissati ? esa se paramArAmo jAo logaMsi ithio134 yaha jana strI merA kyA kara legA? yadyapi loka meM jitanI striyAM haiM ve parama ArAma rUpa haiM ( arthAt mohodaya kA mUla kAraNa haiM) kintu maiM to sahaja sukhI hU~ ve mujhe kyA sukha de sakatI haiM ? ___ isa prakAra jJAnI apane samyagjJAna ke dvArA viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI apane Apako saMyamita tathA santulita banAe rakhatA hai / vaha rAga se anurakta hotA hai aura na dveSa-diSTa / vaha Atmavid muni zabdAdi viSayoM ko itanA pariSkRta kara letA hai ki unase tanika bhI prabhAvita nahIM hotA, apitu unake bIca rahakara bhI sadA niliptatA kA anubhava karatA hai / 135 kahA gayA hai ki jo apanI prajJA se loka ke svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vahI muni kahalAtA hai aura vaha saMga (Asakti) ko srota ( janma maraNa cakra ke udgama ) ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai / 136 yahAM 'muni' zabda kA prayoga 'jJAnI' ke artha meM AyA hai, kyoMki yaha zabda prAkRta kI jJAnArthaka 'guNa' dhAtu se niSpanna hai / AcArAMga kI sAdhanA paddhati se jAnane-dekhane yA sAkSI bhAva ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / jAnanA-dekhanA sampuSTa hone para dhIre-dhIre Asakti yA viSaya-vAsanAeM apane Apa kSINa hotI calI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra AcArAMga ke vicAra se jJAnI puruSa Atmagupta ( saMyamita ) hokara sadA saMyama-sAdhanA meM vicaraNa karatA hai| AcArAMga bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki Atma-tyAga ke dvArA Atma-lAbha sambhava hai arthAt kaSAyAtmA ke tyAga se hI vizuddha dvavyAlmA ko upalabdhi hotI hai / AcArAMga meM viSaya-kaSAya evaM Asakti-tyAga kA tathya jJanAdiguNoM kI prApti kA pade-pade nirdeza hai / indriyoM ko vahirmukhI pravRtti ko rokakara niSkarma banane kA upadeza hai|137 yaha bhI kahA hai ki rAga -dveSa, viSaya -kaSAya rUpa Avarta srotoM kA samyaktayA nirIkSaNa kara jJAnI puruSa usase virata ho jaae| srotoM ( indriya-viSayoM) kA tyAga kara niSkramaNa karane vAlA mahAn sAdhaka karmAvaraNa rahita

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 111 (nirAvaraNa) hokara jAnatA-dekhatA hai / 138 isa sthiti meM use vizuddha dravyAtmA kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| phira usa karma mukta AtmA ke lie koI vyavahAra nahIM hotaa|139 AcArAMga ke anusAra yahI ahiMsaka tathA nirAvaraNa draSTA kA darzana hai / 140 AcArAMga meM kaSAyAtmA kA tyAga aura dravyAtmA kI upalabdhi ke sambandha meM gahana cintana hai / 141 yaha bhI kahA hai ki sAdhaka kopAdi kaSAyoM ko kSINa kara nizcala ( sthira ) ho jaae|142 usameM kaSAyAtmA ke tyAga para bAra-bAra isalie bala diyA hai ki vaha zuddhAtmA kI prApti meM bAdhaka haiN| kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM yogoM meM sthiratA bhI nahIM AtI / ataeva pUrNatAvAda aura AcArAMga adhika nikaTa hai| ___ jisa prakAra pUrNatAvAda yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki apane andara nihita avyakta kSamatAoM ko pahacAna kara unheM pUrNatayA vikasita karane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie usI prakAra AcArAMga bhI Atma-svarUpa ko pahacAna kara apanI kSamatAnusAra AtmapUrNatA ke lie vaiyaktika rUpa se jAgarUka rahane tathA satat puruSArtha karane para bala detA hai| isa sandarbha meM vaha mukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai| usake anusAra Atma-svarUpa ko pahacAna kara tadanurUpa usa dizA meM satat puruSArtha yA sAdhanA karane kA eka mAtra uddezya mokSa prApti hI hai aura mokSa, AtmapUrNatA kI sthiti hai / vastutaH AtmA yA cetanA kA jo svasvabhAva hai. use prApta kara lenA hI mokSa hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga kI dRSTi se Atma-pUrNatA kA abhiprAya hamAre andara rahI huI bIja rUpa kSamatAoM yA zaktiyoM ko pUrNa vikasita kara lene se hai aura ye bIjarUpa kSamatAeM satat sAdhanA evaM parizrama ke dvArA hI pUrNataH prakaTita ho sakatI haiM / kahA gayA hai ki jJAnI puruSa ko apane parama satya ke prati kadApi pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie apitu use vIra (parAkramI), apramatta aura Atmagupta hokara satat puruSArtha karanA cAhie / 143 ___ isa prakAra AcArAMga ke vicAra se naitika vyakti svasvabhAva se sambaddha hai aura vaha usa svasvabhAva ko prApta karane ke lie satat prayAsa karatA rahatA hai / vastutaH AcArAMga kI mAnyatA ke anusAra pUrNAtmA vanane ke lie AtmajAgarUkatA aura athaka puruSArtha Avazyaka hai| ____ antardRSTi jAga jAne para bhI sAdhaka ko sadA sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie / isa bAta ko dRSTigata rakhakara sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha satat apramatta ( jAgarUka ) rahate hue puruSArtha karane meM

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112 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana saMglana ho jAe / 144 isa dRSTi se AcArAMga pUrNatAvAda ke dvArA pratipAdita mAnyatA kA samarthaka hai / pUrNatAvAdI vicAraka mAnate haiM ki naitikatA eka Adarza hai / Adarza AtmA zAzvata evaM ananta vikAsa kI prakiyA hai / pUrNatAvAda aura vizeSa rUpa se breDale kA mata hai ki jitanI adhika naitika pragati hotI hai utanA hI naitika Adarza dUrastha evaM uccatara hotA jAtA hai / ananta vikAsa kI prakiyA bhI ananta hai vaha kabhI samApta nahIM hotI / isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga aura pUrNatAvAda meM thor3A vicAra-bheda parilakSita hotA hai / AcArAMga bhI pUrNatAvAda ke samAna yaha to mAnatA hai naitika jIvana eka Adarza AtmA kI ananta vikAsa kI prakiyA hai, kintu sAtha hI vaha usa parama Adarza ke yathArtha bana jAne meM bhI vizvAsa prakaTa karatA hai, jabaki pUrNatAvAda isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / AcArAMgakAra kI mAnyatA hai ki hama satat parizrama evaM sAdhanA ke dvArA apanI AtmA meM nihita ananta avyakta zaktiyoM ko prasphuTita kara pUrNatA taka pahu~ca sakate haiM / hama isI jIvana meM samasta karmoM ko kSaya karake naitika sAdhya ( mokSa ) ko prApta kara sakate haiN| isa avasthA meM hamArI mUlabhUta kSamatAeM pUrNataH abhivyakta ho jAtI haiM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki jo karmakSaya karane kI prakiyA ko jAnatA hai aura jo mukti yA mokSa mArga ko jAnatA hai vaha karma-kSaya kI prakiyA ko jAnatA hai / 145 karma-kSaya kI prakriyA Abhyantara sAdhanA se hI sambhava hai / isIlie sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki he puruSa / tU apanA hI nigraha kara 146 arthAt bahirmukhI pravRtti se haTakara bhItara kI gaharAI meM pahu~cakara apanI vRttiyoM ko dekha / bhItara sthita hokara mana ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAna, mana ke yathArtha-svarUpa ko jAna lene para yA Antarika vRttiyoM para vijaya pA lene para tU samasta duHkhoM se mukta ho jAegA / isa sandarbha meM svayaM sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka (zruta evaM cAritra) dharmaM ko apanA kara isI jIvana meM Atma-sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai / pUrNatAvAdI breDale ne manuSya banane ke lie sAmAjika naitikatA ko Avazyaka mAnA hai, kintu sAmAjika naitikatA hI naitika jIvana kA antima Adarza nahIM hai, apitu usake anusAra isase bhI Upara uThakara eka nirdvandva, asIma yA nirapekSa sattA kA stara hai aura use prApta kara lenA hI Atma sAkSAtkAra kI sthiti hai aura yahI usakI Adarza - naitikatA hai / AcArAMga meM bhI sAmAjika naitikatA yA sApekSa naitikatA kI vivecanA

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 113 kI gaI hai kintu use hI naitikatA kA antima mAnadaNDa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| apitu usase Upara uThakara nirapekSa naitikatA ko mAnyatA dI gayo hai jo jIvana kA parama Adarza hai / anya dRSTi se umameM sAmAjika naitikatA kI apekSA vaiyaktika naitikatA ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / yaha svopalabdhi Atmopalabdhi athavA AtmasAkSAtkAra kI sthiti hai jo ki eka nirdvandva, nirAkulatA evaM nirapekSatA kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM AtmA kI svabhAva-dazA ko hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki jitanI sva-svarupa meM ramaNatA hotI hai utanI hI naitikatA haiM / 147 yahI vaiyaktika dRSTi se naitikatA kA mAnadaNDa hai| ____ AcArAMga bhI naitikatA ke Antarika pakSa-cAritrika vikAsa evaM nimna pAzavika vRttiyoM ke pariSkAra para bala detA haiN| usameM kAma-krodha lobha-moha, vAsanA, Asakti Adi ko mAtra dabAne yA niyaMtrita rakhane kA hI upadeza nahIM hai, apitu sthAna-sthAna para yaha nirdeza hai ki sAdhaka apanI prajJA yA viveka buddhi ke dvArA samyak rUpa se paryAlocana kara pAzavika vRttiyoM para saMyamana kreN| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki arati (caitasika udvega ) kA nivartana karane vAlA medhAvI kAma-vAsanAoM ke bandhana se kSaNa bhara meM mukta ho jAtA hai / cAritrika vikAsa hone para usakI antaHprajJA yA antaviveka jAga jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM usa vyakti ke lie sabhI pApa-karma akaraNIya hote haiM / 149 kyoMki usakA Antarika ( cAritrika ) vikAsa itanA ho gayA hotA hai ki vaha alobha se lobha ko parAjita karatA huA prApta kAma-bhogoM kA bhI Asevana nahIM karatA hai / mAtra yahI nahIM, apitu lobha para vijaya pAne vAlA vyakti AvaraNa rahita hokara kevala sAkSi-bhAva se jAnatA-dekhatA hai / 150 isIlie AcArAMga meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki' paDilehAe NAvakaMkhati esa aNagAretti pavuccati' arthAt (hitAhita kI) samyak samIkSA karane vAlA vyakti indriya-viSayoM kI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA aura naitika dRSTi se vahI saccA aNagAra hai / 151 AcArAMga meM pratipAdita ukta vivecana kA Azaya yaha hai ki sAdhaka jaba indriya-janya kSudra pAzavika vAsanAoM ke pariNAmoM kA vicAra kara unakI niHsAratA aura nazvaratA ko pUrI taraha se jAna letA hai taba usake mana meM unake prati kisI taraha kA lagAva paidA nahIM hotaa| vaha apane Atma-hita kA paryAlocana karatA hai to unake kaTu pariNAma usakI 8

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114 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana AkhoM ke sAmane ghUmane lagate haiM / phalataH vaha unase virakta ho jAtA hai / isa cintana-manana se pratyutpanna vairAgya sthAyI evaM sudRr3ha hotA hai / isa uccatara yA Antarika vikAsa kI avasthA meM usakI kAma vAsanAeM yA to pUrNataH kSaya ho jAtI haiM yA phira unakA itanA udAttIkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki use apanI sAdhanA se skhalita hone kA kiMcita bhI bhaya nahIM raha jAtA kyoMki usane apanI nimna manovRttiyoM ko dabAyA nahIM, pratyuta prajJA ke prakAza meM unakA kSaya kara diyA hai yA unheM pariSkRta kara liyA hai| isa prakAra vaha sAdhaka vAsanAoM kA urvIkaraNa karate hue zIghra gati se Age bar3hatA rahatA hai| ____ AcArAMga ke isI uddezaka meM nirdiSTa anya sAdhakoM kI bhAMti punaH vaha viSayoM kI ora lauTatA nahIM hai / 152 AcArAMga meM sUtrakAra ne aratiprApta sAdhakoM kI manodazA kA citraNa bhI kiyA hai / saMkSepa meM, aisA sAdhaka na to gRhastha hotA hai aura na muni arthAt na to isa saMsAra kA AsvAdana kara pAtA hai aura na mokSa sukha kaa|153 isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga meM AdhyAtmika utkrAnti ke lie tyAga-vairAgya, Abhyantara sAdhanA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai, na ki bAhya AcAra yA veza para / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM 'laddhe kAme NA migAhai' kahakara sacce tyAgI kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai| anya zabdoM meM yahI tathya dazavaikAlika meM bhI duharAyA gayA hai / 154 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se AcArAMga kA yaha AtmaniSThatA yA antarmukhI sAdhanA kA tattva sattAvAda ( astitvavAda ) kI AtmaniSTha naitikatA kA samAnArthaka hI hai / sattAvAdiyoM meM bhI vizeSataH kirkegArDa Atma-niSTha naitikatA kA ho samarthaka hai / usakI dRSTi se naitikatA vastuniSThatA (bahimukhatA ) se Atma-niSTha ( antama khI) banane kI sthiti hai / AcArAMga kI zabdAvalI meM ise vibhAva dazA se svabhAva dazA meM AnA kahA gayA hai| yaha svabhAva dazA cetanA ke samatva kI sthiti hai aura yaho Atma-sAkSAtkAra hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMgakAra ko vAsanAoM kA mAtra damana abhipreta nahIM hai| vastuoM ke upalabdha nahIM hone se koI vyakti saccA tyAgI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| saccA tyAgI banane ke lie kAma-vAsanAoM kA tyAga anivArya hai| isake binA Antarika vikAsa sambhava nahIM hai / ataeva AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka indriya aura mana kI daur3a antarmukhI hai taba taka Atma-siddhi sambhava nahIM hai / sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki sAdhanA ke patha para gatizIla sAdhaka kA

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 115 yaha naitika kartavya hai ki vaha indriyoM kI bahirmukhI pravRtti ko rokakara maraNadharmA jagat meM niSkarmadarzI bane / 155 isase spaSTa hai ki Antarika vikAsa ke lie indriya-janya anubhUtiyoM kA damana nahIM karanA hai apitu usake bahirmukhI pravAha ko mor3akara mokSa kI dizA meM niyojita kara denA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArAMga aura pUrNatAvAda ke vicAroM meM kAphI samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| jisa prakAra pUrNatAvAda eka vyApaka AtmA kI bAta karatA hai usI prakAra AcArAMga bhI eka kI vyApaka (pUrNAtmA) AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai / AcArAMga evaM pUrNatAvAdiyoM kI vyApaka AtmA kA Azaya rAga-dveSa rahita arthAt pUrNa vItarAgI AtmA se hai| isa avasthA meM vaha 'sva' aura 'para' athavA apane aura parAye kI bhedabuddhi se Upara uTha jAtA hai tathA sabake prati samAna vyavahAra karatA hai| __ sAmAnyatayA hama dekhate haiM ki rAgI, rAga se dRzyamAna jagat meM ( rakta ) hotA hai aura dveSI, dveSa se, jabaki vItarAgI karma ke upAdana rAga aura dveSa ina donoM antoM se dUra rahatA hai,156 kyoMki ye rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM etadartha hI vaha jJAnI puruSa na to harSita hotA hai aura na kupita / 150 rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM se Upara uTha jAne ke kAraNa vaha pratyeka paristhiti meM samadarzI banA rahatA hai| isa artha meM AcArAMga pUrNatAvAdiyoM kI vyApaka AtmA kI avadhAraNA ke samAna hI hameM 'sayaMtullamaNNesi' ke dvArA 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' arthAt 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bAta sikhAnA cAhatA hai| __ upayukta samagra vivecana ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki AcArAMga meM AtmapUrNatA yA Atma-siddhi kA artha cetanA kI jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka zaktiyoM kI pUrNatA hai / ina tInoM. pakSoM kA ananta vIrya ke rUpa meM abhivyakta ho jAnA hI AtmapUrNatA hai| yaha vaha avasthA hai jisameM AtmA pUrNAtmA bana jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArAMga aura pUrNatAvAda donoM meM kAphI vicAra-sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai| na kevala AcArAMga meM hI, apitu bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM bhI Atma-lAbha ko avadhAraNA naitika jIvana ke sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkRta rahI hai| vRhadAraNyakopaniSad15 evaM upadezasahasrI159 meM bhI Atma-lAbha sambandhI vicAra milate haiM / gItA meM bhI paramAtmA ko pUrNa puruSa ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai|

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116 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana sandarbha sUcI adhyAya 4 1. nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR0 92. 2. bhagavadgItA, 3/21. 3. manusmRti, 2/18, 4/156-157. 4. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 259/3. 5. bhojaprabandha-44, uddhRta nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR0 88. 6. je0 ena0 sinhA, nItizAstra, prakA0 jayaprakAzanAtha eNDa kampanI, meraTha, san 1960, pR0 68. 7. manusaMhitA, 6/46, 12/37, 4/161 uddhRta nItizAstra, a0 34, pR0 13. 8. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 259/3. 9. e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI, ji0 1, pR0 69-70 uddhRta nItizAstra, adhyAya 34, pR0 14 / 10. vahI, 11. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, cArvAka darzana a0 1, pR0 9 / 12. gItA, 16/23-24. 13. yo dhamma passasi somaM passasi / yo ma passasi so dhamma passasi / / itivRttaka 5/3 tu0 'codanAlakSaNo'rtho dharmaH' mImAMsAdarzana 2. 14. AcArAGga, 1/6/3. 15. vaho, 1/3/3- 16. vahI, 1/2/6. 17. vahI, 1/2/6. 18. vahI, 1/3/4. 19. vahI, 1/4/3. 20. vahI, 1/3/3. 21. niddezaM nAti vaTejjA A0 mehAvI vahI, 1/5/6.. 22. vahI, 1/5/6. 23. vahI, 1/6/3. 24. vahI, 1/2/2. 25. vahI, 1/6/4. 26. vahI, 1/6/4. 27. vahI, 1/1/3. 28. vahI, 1/3/3. 28. uddhRta-nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR0 138. 30. vahI, pR0 138-139. 31. DeTA oNpha ethiksa ( spensara ) pR0 21, uddhRta-nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR0 191. 32. sozala sTeTisTiksa, pR0 77 uddhRta-nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, 195. 33. savve pANA piyAuA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA-AcArAGga, 1/2/3. 34. je ajjhatthaM jANai, se bhiy| jANai, AcArAGga 1/1/7. 35. 'AyaMkadaMsI bahiyaMtiNacca'-AcArAGga 1/1/7. 36. sUtrakRtAGga, 1/8/15. 38. dazavaikAlika, 6/11.

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naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 117 38. uttarAdhyayana, 6/7. 39. astitveva prANAnAM niHzreyasamiti, kauSItakyupaniSad ( aSTAdaza upa niSad ) prathama khaNDa-prakA0 vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 3/2. 40. ahiMsA paramodharmaH sarvamANabhRtAM varam, mahAbhArata ( Adiparva ) 11/13. 41 dhammapada, 157-103 daNDavagga / 42. AtmAnaM satataM rakSet manusmRti, 7/213. 43. AtmAvaipANinApeSTha, maharSi vedavyAsa, bhAgavatamahApurANa (dvitIya khaNDa) gItA presa, gorakhapura, paMcama saMskaraNa, saM0 2021, 10/80/40. 44. AtmAnaM satataM rakSed dArairapi, 'hitopadeza' saMgrAhaka, zrI nArAyaNa paMDita caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja banArasa, 1992 zlo0 42. 45. samayaM tatthu vehAe,, appANaM vippasAe-AcArAGga, 1/3/3. 46. ja samma ti pAsahA taM moNaM ti pAsahA / ja moNaM tti pAsahA, taM sammaM ti pAsahA // AcArAGga, 1/5/3. 47. vahI, 1/8/4. 48. vahI,1/4/1. 49. vahI, 1/4/2. 50. vahI, 1/2/3. 51. vahI, 1/1/6. 52. vahI, 1/2/5. 53. vahI, 1/4/2. 54. sUtrakRtAGga, 2/2. 55. dazavaikAlika, 4/1. 56. yadA va sukha chAndogyopaniSad, 7/22/1. 57. duHkhAdvijate sarvaH sarvasya sukhamIpsitam / mahAbhArata zAntiparva 139 / 61. 58. sarvadarzanasaMgraha ( cArvAka darzana ), zloka 18, pR0 24. 59. nyAyavArtika, pR0 13, uddhRta-nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR0 137. 60. dhammapada, 101131-132. 61. mahAbhArata (anuzAsana parva, 113 / 5. 62. manusmRti, 5445. 63. (a) sUtrakRtAGga, 337 ( ba ) abhi0 rAje0 khaNDa 7, pR0 1018. 64. dhanapatitvaM sukhakAraNatvAt sukham / abhi0 rAje0 khaNDa 7, pR0 1018. 65. AcArAGga, 123, 1 / 2 / 5. 66. vahI, 1 / 2 / 6, 1 / 2 / 4 evaM gaDDhie loe aNupariyaTTamANe 1 / 2 / 5. 67. vahI, sh2|4. 68. suha-zubhAdhyavasAye zubha kalyANa heto maMgala mUte / abhi0 rAje0 khaNDa 7, pR0 1017. 69. vahI, pR0 1017. 70. AcArAGga, 115 / 3.

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118 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 71. aMguttaranikAya, anu0 bhadanta AnandakauzalyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, - kalakattA, 277. 72. AcArAGga, 1 / 6 / 5. 73. AcArAGga, 1 / 2 / 2. 74. dhammapada, 2111. 75. prazamarati prakaraNa, aSTam adhi0, gA0 128. tu0 loka saMjJojjhita sAdhuH parabrahmasamAdhimAn / sukhamAste gatadroha mamatAmatsarajvaraH / / abhi0 rAje0 bhA0 6, pR0 741. 76. niSkramaNaM sukhaM cAritra sukhabhaktam-abhi0 rAje0 bhA0 7 pR0 18.. 77. AcArAGga, 112 / 2. 78. vahI, 115 / 6. 79. saMyuktanikAya, anu0 bhikSu jagadoza kAzyapa, bhikSudharmarakSita, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1954, 4 / 35 / 101. 80. hindI anuvAda-mekenjI, nItizAstra pravezikA, pR0 251. sAro paruvaNAe caraNaM, tassaviya hoI nivvANa / nivvANassa u sAro avvAvAhaM jiNAviti // AcArAGga niyukti gA0 17. 81. AcArAGga niyukti82. vhii| 83. chAndogyopaniSad, 7 / 23 / 1. 84. dhammapada, 1518. 85. aSTakaprakaraNa ( mokSASTaka )-32 // 1-7-8. 86. zrIhemacandrAcArya, yogazAstra zrIvijayakamalakezara granthamAlA, cauthI AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1980, 11 // 61. 87. AcArAGga, 1 / 5 / 6. 88. abhi0 rAje0 koza, kha0 7, pR0 1018. 89. AcArAGga, 115 / 6. 90. AcArya zubhacandra jJAnArNava jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, prathamA vRtti, san 1977, praka0, 39 / 59-70-71. 91. uttarAdhyayana, 36 // 66. 92. AcArAGga , 115 / 4, 1 / 2 / 4 tu0-uttarAdhyayana, 13 / 16,14,13. 93. pravacanasAra, 63. 94. prazamaratiprakaraNa, 7 adhi0 gA0, 107-8-9. 95. jJAnArNava, prakaraNa-18. 96. abhi0 rAje0 ko0, khaNDa 7, pR0 1018. 97. uddhRta-nIti0 kA sarve0, pR0 240-241. 98. AcArAGga, 1 / 4 / 1. 99. sUtrakRtAGga, 112 / 18. 100. uttarAdhyayana a0 28. 101. dazavakAlika sUtra, 4 / 9. .. 102. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ( saMvaradvAra ), 25. 103. zra yatAM dharma sarvasvaM-samAcaret yad yadAtmani cecchatecchate tatvarasyApi cintayet mahAbhArata anu0 parva, 113 / 68.

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. naitika pramAda aura AcArAMga : 119 104. suttapiTaka, 3 / 37 / 27. 105. dhammapada, 10113, 19 / 95. 106. gItA, 6 / 29-32. 107. manusmRti, 6 / 60. 108. hitopadeza ( mitralAbha ), zloka-12-13, pR0 8. 109. samayasAra-jovAjIvAdhikAra gA. 2, evaM pravacanasAra-jJayatattvA dhikAra gA0 2. 110. Anandaghana caubIsI-aranAtha jinastavana gA0 2. 111. adhyAtmasAra, 31. 112. zrI upAdhyAyazovijayajI, adhyAtmopaniSad, kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra sthApakasaMghavI nagInadAsa karamacanda prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1994, 26. 113. gItA, 3 / 2. 114. AcArAGga, 113. 115. vahI, 1 / 6 / 5. 116. vahI, 1 / 6 / 5. 117. vahI, 1 / 1 / 4. 118. AcArAMga, 11117. 119. "purisA tumameba tumaMmitta kiM bahiyAmitta micchasi" / vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 120. vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 121. chidijjasoyaM lahumaya gAmI, vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 122. vahI, 116 // 3. 123. uttarAdhyayana, 1 / 15. 124. dhammapada, 145. 125. AcArAGga, 1 / 9 / 1, sh5||3, 1 / 6 / 1. 126. 'je aNaNNadaMsI' / vahI, 1 / 2 / 6. 127. vahI, 1 / 4 / 3. 128. vahI, 1144. 129. evaM aNomadaMsI ni saNNe pAvehi kammehiM vahI, 1 / 3 / 2 / dekheM 1 / 3 / 2 para zIlAMka, patrAMka 147-148. 130. vahI, zIlAMka TI0 patrAMka-144-147. 131. vahI, 1 / 3 / 1. 132. vahI, 1 / 4 / 3. 133. vahI, 1 / 4 / 3 134. AcArAMga zI0 TI0 115 / 4 patrAMka, 197. 135. AcArAGga, 1 / 3 / 1. 136. vahI, 1 / 3 / 1. 127. vahI, 1 / 4 / 4. 138. vahI, 115 / 6, 1 / 2 / 2. 139. vahI, 1 / 3 / 1. 140. vahI, 11314. 141. vahI, 1 / 4 / 3. 142. vahI, 1 / 4 / 3. 143. vahI, 1 / 3 / 3 evaM 1 / 5 / 6. 144. jahoyarAoya-vahI, 1 / 4 / 1 _ 'purisA, paramacakkhU vipakkamA' vahI, 1 / 5 / 2. uThThie No pamAyae vahI, 1 / 5 / 2. 145. vahI, 23 / 3. 146. vahI, 1 / 3 / 3. 147. vahI, 12 / 6. 148. arai AuTTe se mehAvI khaNaMsimukke vahI, 1 / 2 / 2 evaM vimukkAhu te jaNA je jaNA pAragamiNo vahI, 1 / 2 / 2.

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120 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 149. se vasumaM savvasamaNNAgaya paNNANeNaM appANeNaM akaraNIjjapAvaMkamma vahI, 115 / 3. 150. lobhaM alobheNa dugu chamANe, laddha kAmeNAbhigAhai / viNaettu lobhaM nikkhamma, esa akamme jANati-pAsati vahI, 1 / 2 / 2. 151. 'paDilehAe NAvakaMkhati' vahI, 1 / 2 / 2. 152. vahI, 12 / 2 / 73. 153. 'No hatvAe No pArAe' / vahI, 1 / 2 / 2. 154. dazavaikAlika, 2 / 2-3. 155. pAlichideya bAhiragaM ca soyaM NikkammadaMsI iha macciehi-AcArAMGga, 1 / 4 / 4. 156. dohiM antehiM adissamANe / vahI, 1 // 3 // 1. 157. tamhA paMDie No harise No kujjhe / vahI, 1 / 2 / 3. 158. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2 / 4 / 5. 159. zrIzaMkarAcArya, upadezasahasrI, bhArgava pustakAlaya, vArANasI, san 1954,1664.

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paMcama adhyAya AcArAGga kA naitika manovijJAna manovijJAna aura AcAra zAstra kA sambandha : manovijJAna yathArthamUlaka vijJAna hai, jabaki AcAra-zAstra AdarzAtmaka vijJAna hai / manovijJAna hamAre AcaraNa, saMskAra evaM AdatoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai aura AcAra-zAstra AcaraNa kI saMhitA banAtA hai| AcArazAstra jIvanamUlyoM yA sAdhya ko vyavahAra meM kAryAnvita karane kI vyavasthA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai aura manovijJAna jIvana kI vAstavika prakRti kA anveSaNa karatA hai| Adarza yA sAdhya kI dRSTi se zubha yA azubha kA nirNaya yA nirdhAraNa AcAra-zAstra kA viSaya hai| ___ AcArAMga meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa-jIvana ke vyavahAra evaM Adarza kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| inakA Adhunika manovijJAna evaM nItizAstra se gaharA sambandha hai, kyoMki jIvana ke sAdhya kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie mAnava kI yathArtha prakRti ko jAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| naitika-sAdhya kA nirdhAraNa eka aisA kendra bindu hai, jahA~ para manovijJAna evaM AcAra-darzana donoM milate haiN| donoM ko eka-dUsare se pUrNataH vilaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / manuSya ko kyA karanA cAhie ? yaha bAta isa tathya para AdhArita hai ki manuSya kyA hai ? kyA ho sakatA hai ? usakI yogyatAe~ evaM kSamatAe~ kyA haiM ? AcArAMga meM AcAra ke manovaijJAnika pahaluoM ko gaharAI se rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hamArA vicAraNIya viSaya hai ki AcArAMga meM naitikatA ke sambandha meM kisa sImA taka manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA gayA hai| bandhana ke kAraNa : ___ AcArAMga kA naitika Adarza bandhana se mukti prApta karanA hai ataH yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki bandhana ke kAraNa kyA haiM ? jaina paramparA meM rAga-dveSa aura moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| ataH AcArAMga ke sandarbha meM ina para vicAra karanA apekSita hai / rAga-dveSa aura moha : __ jaba kisI padArtha yA vyakti yA prANI ke prati lagAva yA AkarSaNa

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122 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana paidA hotA hai to use rAga kahate haiM aura jaba ghaNA yA vikarSaNa paidA hotA hai to use dveSa kahate haiN| mUlataH ye donoM moha se paidA hote haiM / jahA~ rAga hai, vahA~ dveSa avazya kisI na kisI ke prati antanihita hotA hai / ataH AcArAMga meM rAga ko hI vandhana kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura usase mukta hone kA upadeza hai| saMsAra kI pratyeka pravRtti ke pIche yaha rAga vRtti hI hai| rAga-dveSa se karma-saMskAra aura karma se saMsAra yA janma-maraNa kA cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai aura yaha krama taba taka calatA rahatA hai jaba taka ki bandhana se pUrNa mukti nahIM ho jaatii| bauddha bhI moha ko saMsAra kA mUla mAnate haiN| mUla kA unmalana hote hI saMsAra kI parisamApti svataH hI ho jAtI hai| isIlie AcArAMga meM AtmA ko rAga-dveSa se pRthak rakhakara vairAgya kI dizA meM Age bar3hane kA nirdeza hai|' jo sAdhaka rAga-dveSa para vijaya pA letA hai, vahI vItarAgatA kI bhUmikA para sthita ho sakatA hai, zuddha caitanya kA anubhava kara sakatA hai / samatva kI prajJA jAna jAne para jitane bhI mAnasika doSa haiM, vikAra haiM, pApapravRttiyA~ haiM, ve samApta ho jAtI haiN| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki ( saMsAra-vRddhi ke kAraNa bhUta ) rAga-dveSa kI vRtti ko samatvarUpI prajJA se chinna-bhinna karake muni saMsAra-samudra se pAra ho jAtA haiM athavA rAgadveSa kA chedana kara saMyamAnuSThAna meM dRr3ha hokara jIvanayApana karatA hai| dazavakAlika sUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki rAga-dveSa kA chedana karane se tU saMsAra meM sukhI ho jAyagA / dhammapada meM bhI kahA hai ki sAdhaka rAgadveSa kA unmUlana kara nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI manuSya duHkhoM se pIr3ita haiM aura ve duHkhoM se mukti kI kAmanA karate haiN| duHkha kyoM hotA hai ? usakA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? kyA mUlakAraNa ke vinAza hone para duHkhoM se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai ? yadi mUlakAraNa kA vinAza hone para duHkhoM se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai to phira usake vinAza kA upAya kyA hai aura usameM kyA-kyA pratibandhaka (vighna ) haiM ? duHkha aura sukha ko saccI vyAkhyA kyA hai ? duHkha aura sukha kA nivAsa kahA~ hai ? duHkhAbhAva se kyA sukha bhinna hai ? duHkhoM se mukta puruSa kI sthiti kyA hai ? ityAdi praznoM ke uttara AcArAMga meM manovijJAna kI paddhati se diye gaye haiM jinakA nirvacana nimnaprakAra haimUlakAraNa : duHkha ke mUlakAraNa kI carcA ke sandarbha meM AcArAMga meM rAga, dveSa, moha aura kaSAyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina zabdoM kA yadyapi apanA .

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AcArAGga kA naitika manovijJAna : 123 1 apanA pRthak-pRthak artha hai parantu ye sabhI zabda paraspara sApekSa haiM / pratyeka kA zabdArtha nimna hai - 'moha' rAga kI hI utkaTa avasthA hai / dveSa, rAga kA pratipakSI hai aura kisI ke prati rAga hone para hI anya ke prati dveSa hotA hai / ataH mUla meM rAga hI hai / anAyAsa dveSa nahIM hotA hai ataH duHkhoM se mukta mahAvIra ke lie 'vItarAgI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kaSAya - AcArAGganiryukti meM kahA hai ki saMsAra kA mUla karma hai aura karma kA mUla kaSAya hai / ' ' kaSAya' zabda 'kaSa aura 'Aya' do zabdoM yoga se banA hai / yaha jaina manovijJAna kA pAribhASika zabda hai / 'kaSa' kA artha hai saMsAra athavA janma-maraNa aura 'Aya' kA artha hai lAbha | kaSAya vaha hai jisase saMsAra kI abhivRddhi hotI hai athavA 'AtmAnaM kaSayatIti kaSAyaH' jo AtmA ko kasate haiM ve kaSAya haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM, jinake kAraNa AtmA ko bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke cakra meM par3anA par3atA hai unheM kaSAya kahA jAtA hai / ye manovRttiyAM AtmA ko kaluSita banA detI haiM, isalie inheM kaSAya kahA gayA hai / Adhunika manovaijJAnika zabdAvalo meM inheM AvegAtmaka avasthAe~ kaha sakate haiM / jaina paramparA meM ina AvegoM kI do koTiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM- tIvra aura manda / tIvra yA ugra Avega ko kaSAya aura manda Avega ko 'no - kaSAya' kahA gayA hai / vyAkhyAkAroM ne tIvratA aura mandatA ke AdhAra para krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM ko bhI cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai tIvratama, tIvratara tIvra aura manda / isa taraha cAroM ke solaha bheda haiM / pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM tIvratama kaSAya ko anantAnubandhI, tIvratara kaSAya ko apratyAkhyAnIya, tIvra kaSAya ko pratyAkhyAnIya aura manda kaSAya ko saMjvalana kaSAya kahA gayA hai / " AcArAGga TIkA meM cAroM kaSAyoM ke svarUpa, lakSaNa, unakI sthiti Adi ke sambandha meM bhI vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / " kaSAyoM ko uttejita ( uddIpita ) karane vAlI manovRttiyoM ko 'no kaSAya' kahA jAtA hai / ye sadA kaSAyoM ke sAtha rahatI haiM evaM unheM utprerita karatI rahatI haiM / inheM kaSAya preraka bhI kahA jAtA hai / nokaSAya kA tAtparya hai - alpa kaSAya / no- kaSAya nau haiM - hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA (ghRNA) strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda / yadyapi AcArAMga meM inake sambandha meM kahIM eka sAtha vivecana upalabdha

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124 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana nahIM hai tathApi hAsya, rati Adi kA yatra-tatra bikhare rUpoM meM varNana avazya milatA hai / Tera kI utpatti kA kAraNa indriya viSaya hai / 10 iSTa viSaya ke prati rAga aura aniSTa viSaya ke prati dveSa kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai / rAga-dveSa paidA hone se kaSAya kI mAtrA bar3hatI hai aura vRddhigata kaSAya ho janma-maraNa yA saMsAra ke mUla ko sIMcatI haiM / 11 sthAnAMga 12 aura prazamarati prakaraNa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki rAga, mAyA aura lobhavRtti ko janma detA hai aura dveSa, krodha aura mAna ko| ye rAga aura dveSa hI kaSAyoM ke janaka haiM / sampUrNa prANijagat kaSAyoM se lipta hai aura inake pariNAma anAdikAla se bhogatA calA A rahA hai / ataH sAdhaka ko inase nivRtta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai 'isa jIvana kI kSaNikatA ko jAnakara sAdhaka krodha Adi kaSAyoM kA parityAga kare / vartamAna athavA bhaviSya meM utpanna hone vAle duHkhoM ke kAraNa krodhAdi kaSAya haiM / krodhAdi kaSAya ke kAraNa ho jIva narakAdi sthAnoM meM utpanna duHkhoM kA saMvedana karatA hai / he sAdhaka ! tU dekha ! krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara prANI sAMsArika duHkhoM se vyAkula hokara paribhramaNa kara rahA hai / 14 isalie he sAdhaka ! tU viSaya kaSAya se prajvalita mata ho / kaSAyoM ko pArasparika sApekSatA AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana kA caturtha uddezaka kaSAya se sambandhita hai / isameM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi AtmA ko kaluSita karane vAlI vibhinna cittavRttiyoM ke parityAga para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / jo eka kaSAya para vijaya prApta kara letA hai vaha zeSa kaSAyoM para bhI vijaya kara letA hai aura jo dUsare aneka kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha eka para bhI vijaya prApta kara letA hai / 16 AcArAMga kA yaha kathana manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| Age kahA gayA hai ki eka moha karma ko kSaya karatA huA sAdhaka bahuta se karmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai aura bahuta se karmoM kA kSaya karatA huA sAdhaka eka arthAt mohakarma kA kSaya kara detA hai / yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAna letA hai aura jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai / aisI bAta vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI kahI gaI hai| 17

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AcArAGga kA naitika manovijJAna : 125 AcArAMga meM Age isI bAta kI puSTi karate hue kahA hai je egaM NAme se bahu NAme, je bahu NAme se egaM NAme / ( 1 / 3 / 4) AcArAMga ke uparyukta sUtroM kA Azaya bar3A gambhIra pratIta hotA hai| Aja taka ina sUtroM ke artha ke sambandha meM tAttvika daSTikoNa se hI cintana kiyA jAtA rahA hai jabaki ye sUtra manovijJAna ke aise AyAmoM ko bhI anAvRta karate haiM jina para Aja taka hamArI dRSTi hI nahIM gayI hai| sUtrakAra kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki jo sAdhaka eka kaSAya yA manovRtti kA samyak rUpa se jJAtA-draSTA hotA hai, vaha sabhI manovRttiyoM kA jJAtA-draSTA bana jAtA hai aura eka kaSAya kA vijetA samasta kaSAyoM kA vijetA bana jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samasta manovRttiyoM meM paraspara sambandha hai| yadi vyakti krodha ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna letA hai to vaha anya mAna Adi kaSAyoM ko bhI jAna (dekha) letA hai| isI ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai jo krodha ko dekha letA hai, vaha ahaMkAra ko bhI dekha letA hai| jo mAna ko dekha letA hai, vaha kapaTa-vRtti ko bhI dekha letA hai| jo kapaTa-vRtti ko dekha letA hai vaha bhalI-bhA~ti lobha ko dekha letA hai| jo lobha ko dekha letA hai, vaha rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM ko dekha letA hai| jo rAga-dveSa ko dekha letA hai, vaha moha ke vAstavika svarUpa ko dekha letA hai| jo moha ko dekha letA hai, vaha garbha ke duHkha ko dekha letA hai, vaha janma-maraNa ke pravAha ko dekha letA hai aura jo janma-maraNa ke cakra ko dekha letA hai vaha samacI ( saMsAra kI) duHkha-prakriyA ko jAna (dekha) letA hai|' 19 uparyakta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jo sAdhaka jJa-parijJA se ina pArasparika sambaddha vRttiyoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAna-(dekha) letA hai, vahI vyakti inheM Atma-ghAtaka evaM ahitakara samajhakara inakA parityAga kara sakatA hai, kyoMki 'jJAnasya phalaM virati' jJAna kA phala virati yA pApoMkA parityAga hai / isa lambe krama ko batAne ke bAda sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki krodhAdi ke svarUpa ko jAna lene ke bAda vaha prabuddha sAdhaka krodhAdi kaSAyoM se turanta nivRtta ho jAtA hai20 aura phira usa Atma-draSTA sAdhaka ko koI upAdhi nahIM raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki kaSAyoM ko Atmopalabdhi meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko chor3a de22 kyoMki isa AvegAtmaka avasthA meM vyakti pazu tulya ho jAtA hai / usako dUradarzitA evaM viveka-buddhi kuNThita ho jAtI

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126 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hai| hitAhita, karaNIya-akaraNIya, dharma-adharma aura puNya-pApa kA bodha lupta ho jAtA hai| ina kaSAyoM ke Aveza meM vyakti prAyaH aise mUrkhatApUrNa tathA jaghanya kRtya kara baiThatA hai, jisake lie bAda meM use pazcAtApa evaM Atma-glAni kA anubhava karanA par3atA hai| inake kSaya hone para hI bhava-bhramaNa kA anta AtA hai aura antima Adarza kI upalabdhi hotI hai| AcArya zrI mandiragaNi kahate haiM ki 'kaSAya mukti kila muktireva'23 arthAt kaSAya-mukti se hI mukti prApta ho sakatI hai / AcArAMga meM inake pariNAmoM kA nirdeza kara kaSAyoM ko kSINa karane kA upadeza hai / 24 dara vaikAlika meM bhI kahA hai ki Atma-hita cAhane vAle ko ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA tyAga kara denA cAhie / 25 ___bhagavadgItA26 meM kaSAya tulya AsurI vRttiyoM kA varNana hai| bauddhagranthoM meM bhI ina duSpravRttiyoM ko vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvanavikAsa meM ghAtaka mAnA gayA hai| kaSAya-visarjana kA manovaijJAnika upAya ____ kaSAyarUpa mAnasika vikAroM ke duScakra se bacane ke lie AcArAMga meM manovaijJAnika vivecana milatA hai / AcArAMga meM sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa evaM maulika AdhAra-sUtra hai-aprmaad| apramAda kA artha hai-Atma-smRti yA Atma-jAgarUkatA / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jAganA bahuta mahattvapUrNa bAta hai| citta ko ina kaSAya-vattiyoM se mukta karane ke lie sAdhaka kA satata jAgRta rahanA anivArya hai| cittavRttiyoM kI vizuddhi ke binA sAdhanA ko dizA meM eka kadama bhI Age nahIM bar3hAyA jA sktaa| jo sAdhaka sajaga rahatA hai, apramatta cetA hai, usake antarmana meM pApa-pravRttiyA~ kabhI praviSTa nahIM hotii| duSpravRttiyA~ to usake jIvana meM palatI-panapatI haiM, jo pramAdagrasta hai aura pramAda apane Apa meM viSaya-kaSAya hai| kaSAyeM jaba hAvI ho jAtI haiM taba manuSya bhayabhIta bana jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'savvao pamattassa bhayaM, savvao appamattassa Natthi bhayaM' pramAdI saba taraha se bhayabhIta rahatA hai, jabaki apramatta ko kisI taraha kA bhaya nahIM rahatA / 28 AcArAMgaNa meM bhI kahA hai ki apramatta ko calate, uThatebaiThate, khar3e hAte, khAte-pIte kahIM bhI bhaya nahIM hotA / 29 sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai / 30 buddha bhI yahI kahate haiM ki pramAda mRtyu hai aura apramAda amaratA hai aura jAgarUka ko kahIM bhaya nahIM hotaa|31 dhammapada32 evaM saundarananda33 meM bhI pramAda-apramAda kI carcA hai|

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AcArAMGga kA naitika manovijJAna : 127 caitanya kI vismRti, apane Apako bhUla jAnA yA apane svabhAva ko bhUla jAnA hI pramAda hai| pramAdI vyakti viSaya kaSAyoM ke vaza meM ho jAtA hai| viSaya-kaSAyoM ke kAraNa mana malina ho jAtA hai| pramAda dazA meM zAnta aura zithila vAsanAe~, kAmanAe~ manovega (krodhAdikaSAya ) punaH ubhara Ate haiM / jitanI hI Atma-vismRti hotI jAtI hai utanA hI bhaya bar3hatA jAtA hai| isake viparIta, saMyamaniSTha, apramAdI sAdhaka kI bhaya kI sthiti vilIna ho jAtI hai| vaha nirbhaya vicaraNa karatA hai / jo abhaya hotA hai, vahI anyoM ko abhaya de pAtA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sAdhaka kaSAyarUpa loka ko jAnakara akutobhaya ho jAtA hai|34 arthAt abhaya vahI vyakti ho sakatA hai, jo azakti ko tor3a cukA hai, chor3a cukA hai / use duniyA meM koI bhayabhIta nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki apramatta sAdhaka sabhI kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM evaM pApakarmoM se uparata rahatA hai35 aura vahI sAdhaka mana ko nirmala karatA hai, jAgarUkatA ke kAraNa usakI citta-zuddhi barAbara banI rahatI hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai ki 'suttA amuNI sayA, muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti' ajJAnI jana soe rahate haiM aura jJAnI jana athavA apramAdI sadA (Atma svarUpa meM) jAgRta rahate haiM / yahA~ jAgate rahane se tAtparya apanI manovRttiyoM ko dekhate rahanA yA unapara nigarAnI rakhanA hai| AcArAMga kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM jAgarUka rahanA citta-zuddhIkaraNa kA manovaijJAnika upAya hai| jaba taka sAdhaka gaharAI se apanI vRttiyoM ko nahIM dekhatA hai, unheM nahIM TaTolatA hai, unakA pratilekhana nahIM karatA hai taba taka use chor3a nahIM pAtA hai| jaisejaise jAgarUka bhAva pUSTa hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise hI ye duSpravRttiyA~ vilIna hotI jAtI haiM, manomAlinya dUra hotA jAtA hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki sAdhaka mahAmoha ke prati apramatta rahe / zAnti (mokSa) aura maraNa ( saMsAra ) evaM zarIra kI nazvaratA kI samyaktayA samprekSA kara pramAda se bacanA caahie| eka sthAna para yaha bhI kahA hai ki sAdhaka lobha ko mahAna naraka ke rUpa meM dekhe / jo unheM dekhatA hai unameM kaSAya nahIM panapa sakate / jAgarUka avasthA meM sabhI pApa-vattiyA~ upazAnta ho jAtI haiM / Antarika bandhana zithila hone lagate haiN| isa sambandha meM Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa evaM AcArAMga kI mAnyatAoM meM sAmya parilakSita hotA hai / kintu prazna yaha hai ki satata jAgarUka yA apramatta kaise rahA jAe ? AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki

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128 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 'khaNaM jANihe paMDie'39 arthAt jJAnI kSaNa ( vartamAna ) ko jAne / atIta vyatIta ho cukA hai| bhaviSya anAgata hotA hai aura kSaNa vartamAna hotA hai / ataH vartamAna (kSaNa) ko jAnane dekhane vAlA jAgarUka ho jAtA hai, apramatta ho jAtA hai40 ) sUtrakRtAMga aura saMyukta nikAya2 meM bhI isakI puSTi huI hai| vartamAna (kSaNa ) meM jone vAlA smRti aura kalpanA donoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / vastutaH atIta ke bhogoM kI smRti aura bhaviSya kI kalpanA se hI rAga-dveSa kaSAya rUpa vRttiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai / ataH sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki tathAgata atIta aura bhaviSya ke artha ko nahIM dekhate haiM, arthAt ve atIta kA smaraNa aura bhaviSya kI kalpanA nahIM karate / ve vartamAna ko hI jAnate dekhate haiM / 43 tAtparya yaha ki vartamAna kSaNAnveSI sAdhaka duSita citta-vRttiyoM kA nirmANa nahIM krte| unakI caitanya dhArA yA jAgarUkatA avichinnarUpa se banI rahatI hai, unameM viSaya-kaSAya kI dhArA nahIM milatI hai| usa apramatta dazA kI prApti ke lie krodha-mAna-mAyA lobhAdi manoMvegoM evaM asAvadhAnI se bacanA jarUrI hai| sArI durghaTanAe~ asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa hotI haiM / pramAda vyakti ke mana ko vikRta evaM saMkucita banA detA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai 'uThThie No pamAyae' uTho pramAda mata karo, athavA kSaNa bhI pramAda mata karo, bhUla mata kro| apramAda hI samasta pramAdoM kA nivAraka hai| pramatta puruSa ko vItarAga-AjJA (dharma) se bAhara samajho aura apramatta banakara dharmAcaraNa kro|46 AcArAMga kI taraha pramAda aura apramAda kI carcA atharvaveda 7, ThANAMga, uttarAdhyayana 9 dazavaikAlika50 dhammapada evaM gItA55 meM bhI AyI hai| isa sambandha meM pAzcAtya sattAvAdI vicArakoM kA dRSTikoNa AcArAMga kI apramAda kI avadhAraNA se bahata kucha sAmya rakhatA hai| vAranara phiTe jisa AtmacetanatA kI bAta kahatA hai, AcArAMga ko bhASA meM vaha apramAda hai / lezyA paravartI jaina sAhitya meM kaSAya aura lezyA-siddhAnta kA atyanta sUkSma vivecana huA hai / dravya aura bhAva rUpa se lezyA aura kaSAya donoM ke vivecana meM pArasparika sAmaMjasya itanA hai ki unheM alaga karake dekha pAnA kaThina hai, kyoMki kaSAya aura lezyA donoM kA sambandha manovRttiyoM se hai| phira bhI, donoM meM antara yahI hai ki kaSAya citta ko vikSubdha karane vAlI rAga-dveSAtmaka azuddha manovRttiyA~ haiM arthAt unakA sambandha

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAeM aura AcArAMga : 129 zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra kI caitasika yA Antarika vRttiyoM se hai saMkSepa meM lezyA kA sambandha prazasta evaM aprazasta manobhAvoM se hai / __'lezyA' kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'lizyate prANI karmaNA yathA sA lezyA' prakArAntara se lizyate-zliSyate karmaNA saha AtmA anayeti lezyA53arthAt jisake dvArA prANI yA AtmA karma se lipta hotA hai use lezyA kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, pudgala dravya ke saMsarga se utpanna hone vAla jIva kA adhyavasAya ( vicAra-pariNAma ) lezyA hai| lezyAe~ cha: prakAra kI haiM-kRSNa, nIla, kapota, teja yA pIta, padma aura zakla / inameM se prathama tIna lezyAe~ azubha adhyavasAya vAlI haiM arthAt inameM jIva kI bhUmikA azubha yA klezapUrNa hotI hai aura antima tIna zubha adhyavasAya vaalii| ye lezyAe~ dravya (paudgalika vicAra) aura bhAva ( caitasika vicAra ) kI apekSA se do prakAra kI haiN| AcArAMga meM 'lezyA' kI avadhAraNA kA mAtra do-tIna sthaloM para aspaSTa ullekha huA hai| vahA~ lezyA siddhAnta (svarUpa, prakArAdi) kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA, phira bhI AcArAMga meM prApta lezyA ke pratyaya ke AdhAra para itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki paravartI jainagranthoM meM lezyA-siddhAnta kA vikAsa sambhavataH AcArAMga kI lezyA kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para hI huA hai| indriya-nigraha ( saMyama): jaina naitikatA kA carama Adarza mukti yA Atmopalabdhi hai| usa parama Adarza kI prApti ke lie samasta bhAratIya mukti mArgoM meM viSayavirakti Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra karma-bandhana kA mUlabhUta abhipreraka viSayAsakti hI hai| jo guNa (viSaya-guNa ) hai vaha Avarta hai aura jo Avarta hai vaha guNa hai / 54 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kAmAsakti ko hI duHkhoM kA mUla preraka mAnA gayA hai / 55 AcArAMga meM isake atirikta rAga, dveSa, kaSAya, hAsya, rati-arati, zoka-bhaya Adi karmaprerakoM kA ullekha milatA hai / pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM bhI mukhya rUpa se caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu prANI ke vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta preraka sUtra kAma-vAsanA athavA Asakti ko hI mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya paramparA-gItA, gItA zAMkarabhASya57, dhammapada aMguttaranikAya59, suttanipAta Adi meM bhI tRSNA, kAma yA chanda ko ekamAtra karma-preraka mAnA gayA hai|

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130 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana prANI saMsAra meM pApoM kA arjana indriyoM ke niyaMtraNa meM nahIM raha pAne ke kAraNa hI karatA hai / indriyoM kI viSaya-vAsanA ke dvArA paricAlita hokara hI vaha punaH-punaH janmatA aura maratA hai| vastutaH kAma-vAsanA yA rAgotpatti kA mUla AdhAra ye indriyA~ ho haiN| indriyA~ pA~ca haiMkAna, A~kha, nAka, jIbha aura tvacA / inake makhya bAhya viSaya bhI pA~ca haiM-zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sprsh| AtmA yA cetanA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI inheM grahaNa karatI hai, sunatI hai, dekhatI hai, sUghatI hai, cakhatI hai tathA sparzAnubhUti karatI hai| grahaNa karanA indriya-gaNa yA svabhAva hai aura grahota viSayoM ke prati mUrchA karanA, Asakta honA cetanA kA kArya hai| isa taraha indriyoM tathA mana ke dvArA jaba manuSya viSayoM kI cAha karatA hai, taba ve viSaya usake liye bandhana yA AvataM kA kAraNa bana jAte haiM / phira yaha Asakti yA vAsanA do rUpoM meM ba~Ta jAtI hai / jaba indriyoM kA anukUla viSayoM se samparka hotA hai to rAgabhAva jAgRta hotA hai aura pratikUla viSayoM se saMyoga hotA hai to dveSa yA ghRNAbhAva jAgRta ho jAtA hai| isa taraha iSTa viSaya ke prati AkarSaNa aura anaSTi viSaya ke prati vikarSaNa ye do hI kAma-vAsanA ke mukhya paricAlaka haiM arthAt jaba indriya-viSayoM ke sAtha mana jur3a jAtA hai to vaha mahAna naitika patana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| isIlie AcArAMga meM indriya nigraha evaM manonigraha athavA saMyamana para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra naitika jIvana kA sAra saMyama meM samAhita hai / saMyama zakti kA srota hai| AtmA meM usa zakti kA ananta koSa nihita hai| saMyama eka prakAra kA kumbhaka hai / kumbhaka se jaise zvAsa kA nirodha hotA hai, vaise hI saMyama meM icchA kA nirodha hotA hai|" ____saMyama-zIla sAdhaka apanI indriyoM para kar3A niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai, tAki viSaya-bhogoM meM Asakta na bane / prAyaH jaba mana-vANI aura kaSAya para saMyamana nahIM rahatA taba vidhvaMsaka pravRttiyA~ hAvI ho jAtI haiN| ataH inheM anuzAsita karanA Avazyaka hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki 'saMjamati No pagabbhati' arthAt saMyamo indriyoM kA saMyamana karatA hai, ucchRkhala vyavahAra nahIM karatA / 2 isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMga TIkA meM bhI kahA hai ki pApa meM pravRtta AtmA ko saMyama meM rakhatA huA sAdhaka asaMyama meM pravatta nahIM hotaa| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki usa (dhUtakalpayogI ) ko hAsyAdi pramAdoM kA parityAga kara tathA kachue kI

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 131 bhAMti cAroM ora se 'AlInagupta' hokara arthAt mana-vANI evaM kAyA yA indriyoM ko sameTa kara saMyama-sAdhanA meM vicaraNa karanA cAhiye / 4 isI bAta kI saMpuSTi sUtrakRtAMga'5, dazavaikAlika 6, adhyAtmasAra evaM gItA meM bhI huI hai| kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra kachuvA khatare ke samaya apane aMga-pratyaMgoM ko sameTa letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka ko bhI jahA~ saMyama virAdhanA kA bhaya ho, viSayoM kI ora abhimakha hotI haI apanI indriyoM ko adhyAtma-jJAna ke dvArA sameTa lenA cAhiye / indriyoM kA viSayAkarSaNa bar3A prabala hotA hai manusmRti69 meM manu kahate haiM ki yaha indriya samUha (viSaya-vAsanA ) itanA balavAna hai ki vidvAna bhI inake bhalAve meM Akara inakI ora AkarSita ho jAte haiM / indriya-viSayoM meM Asakta hone vAle sAdhu kA naitika-patana ho jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki manojJaamanojJa zabdoM meM mUcchita aura Asakta hone vAlA nirgrantha vinAza ko prApta hotA huA zAntibheda, zAnti-vibhaMga aura kevalI-bhASita dharma se patita yA bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| isI taraha anya priya-apriya indriya-viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA huA sAdhu zAntibhedaka evaM dharma se cyuta ho jAtA yahI bAta uttarAdhyayana 1, jJAnArNava72, prazamaratiprakaraNa 3 evaM yogazAstra meM bhI rUpaka ke mAdhyama se kahI gayI hai| AcArAMga meM jJAnI puruSa ko bhI indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhane kA nirdeza hai| jJAnI muni saMyama ke prati kadApi pramAda na kre| vaha Atmagupta hokara arthAt indriya aura mana ko niyaMtrita rakhakara saMyama-yAtrA ke nirvAha hetu parimita AhAra grahaNa kare / jo apanI indriyoM ke adhIna nahIM huA hai, vastutaH vahI vIrapuruSa hai|75 saMyamI sAdhaka hI mokSa prApta karatA hai| asaMyama hI jIva kA sabase bar3A zatru hai / yaha to satya hai ki saMyamita-niyamita jIvana meM hI AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ prasphuTita hotI haiM, aniyaMtrita evaM asaMyamI jIvana meM nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM sUtrakAra ne kahA haisardI-garmI, rati-arati, bhUkha-pyAsa, daMsa-masaka, vAta-Atapa Adi parISaha upasarga evaM mAna-apamAna Adi ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karo / yaha mAtra upadeza nahIM hai apitu prayoga-siddha anubhava hai| isase Atmabala dRr3ha hotA hai, antardvandva miTatA hai aura citta kI ekAgratA bar3hatI hai, saMyama sadhatA hai| isa bAta ko dRSTigata rakhakara punaH kahA gayA hai-he vIra puruSa ! bAhyAbhyantara granthiyoM ko jAnakara Aja hI unakA pratyAkhyAna kara de

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132 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aura saMyama kA AcaraNa kara / 77 yadyapi mokSagAmI vIra puruSoM kA yaha mA arthAt saMyamAnuSThAna - vidhi atyanta duSkara hai / " yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki yadyapi yaha tapanuSThAna, saMyama-niyama-caryA, bAhya viSayoM kA tyAga, prArambhika bhUmikA meM praviSTa sAdhakoM ko athavA jinakA mana virakta nahIM huA hai unheM kaThora avazya lagatA hai, tathApi agrima bhUmikAoM meM vahI caryA sahaja ho jAtI hai / sahaja bhAva meM koI duSkaratA evaM skhalanA nahIM hotI / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai jisakI laukika pyAsa ( pipAsA ) bujha cukI hai usake lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai / " 9 87 89 AcArAMga ke samAna paravartI jainAgamoM- uttarAdhyayana sUtrakRtAMga", sthAnAMgara, mUlAcAra, pravacanasAra 3, zIlapAhuDa 4, dazavaikAlika bRhatkalpa, , yogazAstra, 7 evaM jJAnasAra" meM bhI indriyanigraha yA saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai / atharvaveda, " gItA, 10 manusmRti" aura bauddhagranthoM meM bhI aise hI vicAra pratipAdita haiM / pAzcAtya sattAvAdI vicAraka bhI saMyamI jIvana para jora dete haiM / iraviMga bebiTa kahatA hai ki hamameM jaivika pravega to bahuta hai kintu AvazyakatA hai jaivika niyaMtraNa kI 13 / damana kI manovaijJAnikatA : 93 sAdhanA kA lakSya hai-mokSa yA nirvANa prApti / isa sAdhanA ke do rUpa haiM - bAhya - sAdhanA aura antaraMga sAdhanA / Antarika sAdhanA meM mana ko sAdhakara niSkAma, nirAkula, nirvikAra aura nirviSaya kiyA jAtA hai jabaki bAhya sAdhanA meM zarIra aura indriyoM ko tapAkara karma - mala (raja) dUra kiyA jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM bAhya sAdhanA ke rUpa meM zramaNa jIvana ke lie kAya- kleza rUpa tapa tyAga, saMyama, parISaha-sahana Adi kaThoratama sAdhanA kA vidhAna hai / vaha dehotpIr3ana ( kAya - kleza ) para bahuta jora detA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki kAyA ko kaso, use jIrNa zIrNa karo, mAMsa aura zoNita ko kama karo / tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha deha-damana CTET hai / indriya - nigraha para bala detA hai / kintu kyA AcArAMga yaha sikhAtA hai ki jIvana ko pUrNatayA samApta kara diyA jAya ? kyA zramaNa-caryA zarIra aura indriyoM ko kucala DAlane yA sukhA DAlane kI sAdhanA hai ? isa prazna para gaharAI se anuzIlana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki deha aura indriyoM ko utpIr3ita karanA, unheM naSTa kara DAlanA AcArAMga kA uddezya nahIM hai / usake anusAra AdhyAtmika jIvana kI svIkRti kA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki isa bhautika deha aura iMdriyoM 1

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 133 ko pUrNarUpa se samApta kara diyA jAe, upekSita kara diyA jaae| vastutaH saMyama-sAdhanA evaM loka-maMgala donoM ke lie isa deha aura indriyoM kI upayogitA hai| bhautika zarIra aura indriyA~ AdhyAtmika jIvana meM bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka haiN| unheM sAdhA jAe, mArA na jaae| prazna yaha hai ki kyA isa jIvana meM sarvathA indriya nirodha yA saMyama saMbhava hai ? gambhIratApUrvaka socA jAya to isa jovana meM indriyoM kA pUrNatayA nirodha karanA sambhava nahIM hai / indriyoM dvArA apane viSayoM ke prati AkRSTa honA manovaijJAnika tathya hai| AcArAMga bhI isa manovaijJAnika dhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka hone para unheM unake anubhava se vaMcita kara pAnA asvAbhAvika tathya hai| to phira, prazna uThatA hai ki AcArAMga meM indriya-nirodha yA saMyama kA kyA abhiprAya hai aura vaha Adhunika manAvaijJAnika mAnyatAoM se kahA~ taka sahamata hai ? isa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| ____ AcArAMga meM indriya nirodha kA artha aindrika anubhavoM meM nihita rAga dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM ke unmalana se hai| karNendriya ke nirodha kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki zabda na sunA jAya / sAdhaka zabda ko sune kintu usameM rAgadveSa na kre| isase zrotrendriya kA saMyama sadhatA hai| isI prakAra anya indriyoM kA bhI saMyama saMbhava hai / indriya-viSayoM meM citta kA lipta na honA hI vAstavika saMyama hai| / prastuta viSaya para AcArAMga meM pratipAdita vicAra Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ucita haiN| sUtrakAra kahatA hai-jIvana meM yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zrotrendriya ke samakSa Ae hue priya-apriya zabda na sune jAe~, parantu unheM sunane se jo rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai unakA bhikSu ko parityAga kara denA caahiye| yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki cakSa ke samakSa Ane vAlA manojJa-amanojJa rUpa dikhAI na de| arthAt, cakSa ke samakSa AyA huA rUpa adRSTa nahIM raha sakatA, vaha to avazya dikhAI degaa| ataH rUpa kA nahIM, kintu rUpa ko dekhane se jAgRta hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA bhikSa parityAga kara de| yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki nAsikA ko acchI yA burI gandha kA anubhava na ho parantu gandha se utpanna hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA bhikSu tyAga kara de| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jihvA para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa anAsvAdita raha jAe kintu rasa ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA bhikSu parityAga kara de| isI taraha yaha bhI sambhava nahIM hai

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134 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ki zarIra ko kaThora yA komala sparza kI anubhati na ho, kintu muni ko sparza se utpanna hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA sarvathA tyAgakara denA caahie|94 jaba taka zarIra aura indriyA~ haiM taba taka indriya viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI hai| AtmA pA~coM iMdriyoM ke mAdhyama se manojJa yA amanojJa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ko grahaNa karatA hai, kintu use priya yA apriya indriya viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie / 15 indriyoM dvArA hI manuSya bAhya jagat se sampRkta hai / bAhya-jagat bhI vAstavika hai / sAdhanA kI prakriyA meM kisI ke astitva ko cunautI nahIM dI jAtI, kintu apane prati vItarAgatA yA jAgarUkatA utpanna kI jAtI hai| isI prakriyA ko saMyama yA nirodha kahA jAtA hai| saMyamana ke dvArA bAhya-jagat ke sAtha hamArA rAgAtmaka sambandha vicchinna ho jAtA hai aura rAgAtmaka sambandha vicchinna ho jAne para ye indriyA~ sAdhaka jIvana meM bAdhaka yA anarthakArI siddha nahIM ho sktiiN| dekhanA-saMghanA to indriyoM kA svAbhAvika dharma hai / sUtrakAra kA spaSTa nirdeza hai ki sAdhu kahIM bhI avasthita rahe, kintu anAsaktipUrvaka rahe / dharmazAlAoM, udyAnoM, gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM yA parivrAjakoM meM,maThoM meM, avasthita zramaNa-zramaNI svAdiSTa annabala athavA kesara-kastUrI Adi kI gandha ko sUcakara suvAsita padArthoM ke AsvAdana kI kAmanA na kreN| sAtha ho, Asakta hokara gandha ko na sUghe / 96 punaH kahA gayA hai ki saMyamazIla sAdhu-sAdhvI manojJa-amanojJa aneka prakAra ke zabdoM ko sunate haiM, rUpoM ko dekhate haiM kintu ve una zabdoM evaM rUpoM ko sunane aura dekhane kI kAmanA se vahA~ jAne-Ane kA saMkalpa na kareM tathA unameM Asakta aura mUcchita bhI na hoM / 97 ___isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra kAmanA (saMkalpa) hI samagra pApoM kA mUla hai / gItA zAMkarabhASya,99 manusmRti evaM mahAniddesapAlI100 meM bhI kahA hai ki nizcita rUpa se kAma kA mUla saMkalpa hI hai| isI tathya ko mahAbhArata meM bhI duharAyA gayA hai / 101 ataH sAdhaka ko isase bacanA caahie| yadi mana meM saMkalpa na kiyA jAya to vAsanAoM ke utpanna hone yA bar3hane kA koI kAraNa nahIM rahatA / 'diTaThehiM nivveyaM gacchijjA' sUtra ke dvArA sUtrakAra kA yahI nirdeza hai ki sAdhaka indriya-viSayoM ke prati virakta rahe,102 kyoMki unameM Asakta hone se anukUla ke prati rAga-bhAva aura pratikUla ke prati dveSa-bhAva utpanna

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAeM aura AcArAMga : 135 honA svAbhAvika hai aura ye rAga-dveSa hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| sAdhaka ke samakSa bhI aindrika viSaya upasthita hote haiN| lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki sAdhaka A~kha, nAka aura kAna Adi ko banda karake cale yA cupacApa baiThA rahe / unase bacane kA prayojana itanA hI hai ki vaha unameM Asakta yA mUcchita na ho| kevala indriyoM ke sAtha zabdAdi viSayoM kA sambandha hone mAtra se karmabandha nahIM hotA, jaba taka ki usake sAtha rAgadveSAtmaka vRtti nahIM jur3atI hai| karmabandha kA mUla rAga-dveSa yA Asakti hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga ke anusAra indriya lolupatA, kAmanA yA Asakti ko jItanA hI vastuta. saMyama hai| yadyapi isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se virata na kiyA jaay| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki ye zabdAdi viSaya kisI eka dizA meM utpanna hote haiM yA sabhI dizAoM meM utpanna hote haiM ? sUtrakAra kA abhimata hai ki ye sabhI dizAoM meM utpanna hote haiM aura jIva inheM grahaNa karatA hai| rAgI vyakti inheM dekha-sunakara, sUgha-cakhakara mUcchita ho jAtA hai, taba ve usake lie bandhana bana jAte haiN| sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki Urdhva, adho, tiryag evaM pUrvAdi sabhI dizAoM meM dekhane vAlA rUpoM ko dekhatA hai, sunane vAlA zabdoM ko sunatA hai, kintu una viSayoM meM Asakti rakhane vAlA hI una zabdoM meM, rUpoM meM mUcchita hotA hai / 103 buddha bhI yahI kahate haiM ki sAdhaka ke dekhane meM dekhanA bhara hogA, sunane meM sunanA bhara hogaa|04 kucha aise hI vicAra Rgveda meM hai / 105 yahA~ do bAtoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| eka to viSayoM ko grahaNa karanA aura dUsare avalokita yA grahIta viSayoM meM Asakta honaa| donoM kriyAoM meM paryApta antara hai| jahA~ taka grahaNa yA avalokana kA prazna hai, ye viSaya AtmA ke lie duHkha rUpa nahIM banate haiN| yadi mAtra dekhane aura jAnane se hI bandhana hotA hai taba to phira koI bhI jIva karmabandhana se achatA nahIM raha sktaa| vItarAgI yA arhantoM ko bAta to dUra rahI, kintu siddhAtmA bhI viSayoM kA avalokana karate haiM, kyoMki unakA anAvaraNa jJAna-darzana lokAloka ke sabhI padArthoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai / Rgveda meM bhI kahA hai ki jJAnI saba dekhatA hai, sunatA hai| 106 ataH yadi viSayoM ke saMvedana mAtra se karma se karma-bandhana hotA hai, to phira vahA~ bhI karma-bandhana mAnanA par3egA, kintu vahA~ karmabandhana nahIM hotaa| siddhAvasthA meM to kyA jIvanmukta yA arhat dazA meM bho karma-bandhana nahIM

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136 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hotA | bAhya viSaya va unake grahaNa se bacanA mukhya bAta nahIM hai| mukhya bAta hai-cetanA ko alipta rakhanA, kintu yahA~ yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki cetanA antarjAgaraNa ko paripakva dazA meM hI alipta rahatI hai| jaba taka rAga kSINa nahIM hotA, taba taka bAhya viSayoM se rakSA karanA Avazyaka hai| isa vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sAdhaka ke samakSa priya-apriya viSaya to prastuta hote rahate haiM kintu use apanI indriyoM ko banda yA naSTa karane ko AvazyakatA nahIM hai / indriya-viSaya acetana haiN| ve apane Apa meM manojJa-amanojJa kucha bhI nahIM haiN| jo unheM priyatAapriyatA ke manobhAva se dekhatA hai, sUghatA hai aura cakhatA hai, unhIM ke lie ve manojJa-apanojJa haiM / parantu jo unake prati sama rahatA hai, virakta rahatA hai, unake lie ve acche-bure kucha bhI nahIM haiN| hama indriyoM dvArA dekhate haiM, sunate haiM, sUghate haiM, cakhate haiM aura sparzAnubhUti karate haiM tathA mana dvArA saMkalpa karate haiM / manojJa lagane vAle indriya viSaya rAga utpanna karate haiM aura amanojJa lagane vAle viSaya dveSa utpanna karate haiN| kintu vItarAgI ke antaHkaraNa meM ve viSaya rAga-dveSa utpanna nahIM krte| isa bAta kI saMpuSTi karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kahIM paraspara kAmottejaka bAtoM meM Asakta vyaktiyoM ko jJAtaputra mahAvIra harSa-zoka se rahita hokara ( taTastha ) dekhate sunate the / 107 phalitArtha yaha ki dekhanAsunanA Adi bAhya viSaya hamAre lie na doSapUrNa haiM aura na nirdoSa / cetanA kI zuddhi hone para ve sAdhaka ke lie nirdoSa haiM aura cetanA azuddha ho to ve hI usake lie sadoSa bana jAte haiN| doSa kA mUla cetanA (citta ) kI zuddhi-azuddhi hai, bAhya viSaya nhiiN| AcArya amitagati mUlArAdhanA meM kahate haiM ki Antarika vizuddhi se hI bAhyavizuddhi hotI hai aura Antarika doSa se hI bAhya doSa niSpanna hote haiN|08 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI yahI vicAradhArA milatI hai| kahA gayA hai ki kAma-bhoga na samatA utpanna karate haiM aura na vikaar| jo unake prati rAga-dveSa rakhatA hai, vahI vikAra ko prApta karatA hai / 101 indriya aura mana ke viSaya-sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa zabda aura saMkalpa rAgI vyakti ke lie duHkha ke hetu banate haiN| vItarAgI ke lie ve kiMcit bhI duHkha ke hetu nahIM hote / 110 AcArya zaMkara ke zabdoM meM jo viSayAnurAgI hai, vahI vastutaH baddha hai aura jo viSaya-virakta hai, vaha mukta hai / 111 ataH samAdhi

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 137 cAhane vAle zramaNa tapasvo ko manojJa-amanojJa viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie / 112 muni ko unameM anAsakta rahanA cAhie / 113 samayasAra,114 vyavahArabhASya,15 dazavaikAlika,16 gItA110 tathA bauddha vAGmaya meM bhI isa vicAra kA darzana hotA hai / mano-nigraha-AcArAMga meM eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai ki tU mana kA nigraha kara, yahI mukti kA upAya hai|19 mana hI samasta bhogecchAoM tathA tatsambandhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA janaka hai| aitareya AraNyaka meM bhI mana ko hI icchAoM kA sajaka kahA gayA hai / 12deg uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki yaha mana duSTa evaM bhayaMkara azva ke samAna hai, jo cAroM ora daur3atA rahatA hai / 21 ataH ArambhAdi meM pravRtta hone vAle mana kA nigraha karanA cAhie aura Atma-damana karane vAlA hI donoM loka meM sukhI hotA hai / 122 majjhimanikAya evaM dhammapada meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki yaha citta atyanta caMcala hai| isa para niyaMtraNa kiye binA kumArga se isakI rakSA karanA atyanta kaThina hai| isakI vRttiyoM ko kaThinatA se rokA jA sakatA hai| ataH jaise iSukAra apane bANa ko sIdhA karatA hai, vaise hI buddhimAna puruSa ise sodhA kare / 123 paNDitajana bar3haI kI bhA~ti AtmA ( mana) ko sIdhA karate haiM / 124 citta bar3I kaThinAI se nigrahIta hotA hai, vaha atyanta zIghragAmI evaM icchAnusAra bhAgane vAlA hai, ataH usakA damana karanA uttama hai, damita kiyA gayA citta hI sukhakArI hotA hai / 125 jJAnArNava,126 yoga-zAstra 127 Adi granthoM meM tathA atharvaveda,128 yajurveda,129 zvetAzvaropaniSad,13deg gotA'31 Adi granthoM meM bhI inhIM vicAroM kI puSTi kI gaI hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra manonigraha se tAtparya evaM damana ke duSpariNAma : AcArAMga meM icchAoM, AzAoM, kAma-vAsanAoM yA AtmA ( mana ) ke abhinigraha kA prayojana damana nahIM hai| 'abhinigraha' zabda kA vyAkaraNa-sammata artha yaha hai ki 'abhi' upasarga samIpatA kA bodhaka hai aura 'ni' upasargaka graha dhAtU pakar3ane ke artha ko vyakta kara rahA hai| isa prakAra abhinigraha kA artha huA-samIpa jAkara pakar3a lenA / jo sAdhaka mana ke bhItara jAkara yA usake nikaTa pahu~ca kara use jAna letA hai, pakar3a letA hai, vaha sabhI duHkhoM se rahita ho jAtA hai| mana kA jJAtA mana kA svAmI hotA hai| vastutaH AcArAMga meM nirodha yA damana kA tAtparya mAnasika zuddhi hai, citta ko Asakti-rahita banAnA hai| ataH

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138 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAMga sammata sAdhanA kAma-vAsanA ke damana kI nahIM, apitu visarjana yA pariSkAra kI sAdhanA hai| nirodha karane se pratikriyA utpanna hotI hai, usase vAsanA kA vilaya nahIM hotaa| use to AcArAMga meM mAnasika tanAva, sAMvegika asantulana, asamAdhi, AkulatA aura citta-vikSobha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / yadi indriyoM kA damana kara tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM ko upazAnta ( dabAkara ) kara Age bar3hA jAtA hai to ve samaya pAkara punaH ubhara AtI haiN| mAtra indriya-nirodha yA icchAoM ko dabAne se va samUla naSTa nahIM hotii| balki kucha kAla ke lie cetana-mana se acetana mana meM calI jAtI haiN| bAda meM ye graMthiyoM kA nirmANa karatI haiN| ina graMthiyoM se vikRtiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM / AcArAMga meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie mAtra indriya nirodha kI vyartha batalAyA hai| usakI dRSTi meM bhAvAveza, indriya-nirodha yA vAsanAoM kA damana anucita hai kyoMki antatogatvA usakA pariNAma naitika jIvana ke lie hAnikAraka hotA hai| yadi sAdhaka viSaya-vAsanAoM ke prati virAga ke binA indriyoM kA nirodha kara sAdhanA kI ora bar3hatA hai to usakI kyA sthiti hotI hai, kaisA duSpariNAma AtA hai, Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale sUtrakAra ne isa tathya ko kAphI kucha vaisA ho pratipAdita kiyA hai jaisA ki Adhunika manovizleSaka phrAyaDa ne kiyA hai| sUtrakAra ne bAhya niyaMtraNa yA damana ke duSpariNAmoM ko gaharAI se samajhA thaa| isalie sAdhaka ko bAra-bAra sAvadhAna kiyA hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki jo indriya-nirodha ko sAdhanA karate hue bhI punaH mohakarma ke udaya se karma ke srota indriya-viSayoM meM Asakta ho jAtA hai vaha ajJAnI jIva karma-bandhana ko tor3a nahIM paataa| jisane saMyogoM kA pari. tyAga nahIM kiyA hai, tathA jo mahAndhakAra meM nimagna hai, vaha Atmahita evaM mokSopAya ko nahIM jAna paataa| aise sAdhaka ko vItarAga zAsana ( tIrthaMkaroM) kI AjJA kA lAbha nahIM miltaa|132 viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue pUnaH kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka zabdAdi viSayoM meM agapta arthAt mana-vANI aura kAyA se unameM Asakta ho rahA hai, vaha vItarAga AjJA ke bAhara hai| jo bAra-bAra viSayoM kA AsvAdana karatA hai, vaha vakra yA kuTila AcaraNa vAlA hai aura vaha pramatta sAdhaka gRha-tyAgI hAte hae bhI gahavAsI hI hai / 33 kucha sAdhaka gRhavAsI jaisA AcaraNa karate haiM,134 dIkSita hokara yA mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karake bhI jo muni viSayAsakta bana jAtA hai usakA AcaraNa dambhapUrNa hai, kyoMki bAhara se vaha

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 139 tyAgI dIkhatA hai, muniveza (dravya-liMga ) dhAraNa kie hue hai parantu vastutaH vaha pramAdI hai, gRhavAsI ho hai isalie ki usakA mana sadA viSayoM ke cintana meM DUbA rahatA hai| mUlAcAra35 aura gItA136 meM bhI aise hI vicAra haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki bAhyataH muniveza kA parityAga nahIM karane para bhI usakI manobhAvanA sAdhutA se, saMyama se vimukha ho cukI hai / pratyakSa meM zAnta aura saMyamI hokara bhI bhItara meM azAnta evaM vAsanAoM kI jvAlAoM se uddIpta banA rahatA hai, tathA una avasaroM kI khoja karatA hai, jaba loga yA samAja-dRSTi se apane Apako bacAkara una nimna vRttiyoM ke chadma rUpa meM khulakara paritRpti kA maukA mila jAya / kucha sAdhaka aise hote haiM jo saMyama grahaNa kara lete haiN| kintu antarmana meM saMyama-niSThA na hone se, rAga-bhAva na miTane se pratijJA se vicalita ho jAte haiN| ve muniveza bhI nahIM chor3ate haiM aura viSayoM kA bho Asevana karate haiN| AcArAMgakAra kahate haiM ki vivekazUnya evaM moha se AvRta kaI sAdhaka parISahoM ( kaSToM ) ke upasthita hone para vItarAga AjJA ke viparIta AcaraNa karake saMyama se cyuta ho jAte haiM aura kucha sAdhaka 'hama aparigrahI baneMge' aisA saMkalpa kara saMyama-mArga grahaNa karate haiM, arthAt dokSA lekara bhI prApta kAma-bhogoM kA Asevana karate haiM, unameM phaMsa jAte haiN| ve AjJA viruddha muni veza ko lajAne vAle viSaya-bhogoM kI prApti ke upAyoM kI khoja meM lage rahate haiN| isa prakAra ve bAra-bAra moharUpI kIcar3a meM Asakta hokara na to idhara ke rahate haiM aura na udhara ke / arthAt na gRhavAsI ho sakate haiM aura na zramaNatva-jIvana kA Ananda le sakate haiM / '37 yaha duSpariNAma antaraMga-virakti ke abhAva ke kAraNa ___ aMtaraMga meM viveka-virAgatA sphurita hue binA viSaya-vAsanA miTe binA kevala bhAvAveza meM Akara saMyama yA zramaNa cAritra svIkAra kara lene se virAgatA nahIM aatii| aisI sthiti meM bAda meM jIvana bhara unakA nirvAha karanA bar3A kaThina ho jAtA hai aura svIkRta-saMkalpoM se, saMyamI jovana se patana ho jAtA hai yAnI durAcAra panapatA hai aura vikRtiyA~ A jAtI haiN| Age isa tathya ko samucita rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai ki binA apanI bhUmikA evaM yogyatA (pAtratA) ko jAne bhAvukatA evaM upazama bhAva ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika kSetra meM praviSTa ho jAne se sAdhaka punaH kisa prakAra phisala jAtA hai| zrutAdi ke mada meM unmatta bane zramaNa kI

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140 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kI hIna-manovRttiyoM kA digdarzana karAte hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki kucha sAdhaka aise haiM jo prajJAvAna evaM mahA-parAkramI gurujanoM dvArA prazikSita kie jAne para jJAna se garvita ho jAte haiN| unase jJAna prApta kara lene ke bAda upazama bhAva kA tyAga kara kaThoratA apanA lete haiM / brahmacarya (gurukUlavAsa ) meM rahakara bhI unakI AjJA kI avahelanA karate haiN| kucha sAdhaka gurujanoM dvArA samajhAe jAne para ( cAritrabhraSTatA ke duSpariNAmoM ko batalAe jAne para) hama saMyamI jIvana jIe~ge isa saMkalpa se dIkSita hokara bhI saMkalpa ke prati sacce nahIM raha pAte / mAnAdi kaSAya se dagdha, aura kAma-bhogoM meM Asakta ho jAte haiM, tathA Rddhi, rasa Adi tInoM gAravoM meM atyAsakta vItarAgapraNIta samAdhi kA sevana nahIM karate / gurujanoM dvArA zikSA diye jAne para bhI ulTe unhIM ko kaThora vacana bolate haiM / 138 ve dUsare cAritra-sampanna muniyoM ko bhI badanAma karate haiM / 139 kucha saMyama se nivRtta hote hue AcAra-gocara kI vyAkhyA karate haiM aura kucha jJAna-bhraSTa evaM darzana-dhvaMsI donoM hote haiM / 140 kaI sAdhaka ( AcAryAdi ke prati ) nata hote hue bhI saMyamI jIvana ko dhvasta kara dete haiM, kucha sAdhaka aise hote haiM jinase parISahoM kA kaSTa sahA nahIM jAtA hai to kevala sukhapUrNa yA asaMyamamaya jIvana jIne ke lie saMyama chor3a dete haiN| aise viSayAsakta sAdhaka bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmate rahate haiM / mokSamArga prakAzaka meM bhI AcArAMga ke samAna hI damana ke duSpariNAmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 141 aise saMyama se patita hone vAle sAdhaka aura bhI aneka taraha se madhyastha muniyoM kI avahelanA karate haiM / ataH he medhAvI ! tumheM dharma ko jAnanA cAhie / 142 saMyama dharma se patita hone vAle gArava Adi donoM se grasta sAdhaka ko anuzAsita karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki he adharmArtho ! tU arhat dvArA pratipAdita kaThora dharma kI AjJA kA atikramaNa kara rahA hai / aise sAdhaka ko viSaNNa evaM hiMsaka kahA hai / yaha bhI kahA hai ki kucheka muni sambandhita jana ko chor3akara virakti-bhAva dikhAte hue vIra-vRtti se pravajita hote haiM / ahiMsaka, suvratI evaM dAnta bana jAte haiM / sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki he sAdhaka ! siMha kI bhA~ti uThakara phira dIna evaM patita banakara girate hue una sAdhakoM ko tU dekha / ve indriya-viSaya se pIr3ita, kAyara manuSya vrata-vidhvaMsaka bana jAte haiN| unameM se kucha muniyoM ko pAparUpa (nindanoMya ) prasiddhi hotI hai ki 'yaha zramaNa banakara vibhrAnta ho cukA hai' (zramaNa-dharma se patita ho gayA hai) cAritra-sampanna sAdhuoM ke bIca zithilAcArI, avinayI, atyAgI

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 141 evaM cAritra se daridra sAdhuoM ko tuma dekho / saMyama bhraSTa sAdhakoM evaM saMyama bhraSTatA ke pariNAmoM ko samyaktayA jAnakara paNDita, medhAvI niSThitArthaM vIra muni ko sadA AgamAnusAra saMyama meM puruSArtha karanA cAhie | 143 tAtparya yaha ki aise sAdhaka pahale to eka bAra ahiMsaka, suvratI aura damI banakara sAmAnya jana ko prabhAvita kara dete haiM, kintu bAda meM lokaiSaNA yA sukha-suvidhA meM Asakta ho jAte haiM / isI bAta ko sUtrakAra ne 'uThakara punaH patita hote hue sAdhuoM ko tU dekha' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai / aisA ajJAnI sAdhaka isa saMyamI jIvana meM bhI viSaya - pipAsA se chaTapaTAtA huA azaraNa ko zaraNa mAnatA huA pApakarmoM meM ramaNa karatA hai| 144 kucha sAdhu ekAkI rahakara sAdhanA karate haiM / aisA ekAkI sAdhu ati krodhI-mAnI, kapaTI, lobhI, bhogoM meM atyAsakta, naTa kI bhA~ti bahurUpiyA, aneka prakAra kI zaThatA evaM saMkalpa karane vAlA hotA hai / AsravoM meM Asakta aura karmarUpa palIte se lipaTA huA hotA hai / maiM dharmAcaraNa ke lie udyata huA hU~ aisA utthitavAda bolatA huA' mujhe koI ( pApa karma karate hue ) dekha na le isa AzaMkA se luka-chipakara anAcaraNa karatA hai / vaha ajJAna ( darzana - moha ) aura pramAda ( cAritra moha ) ke doSa se satata mUr3ha banA huA dharma ko nahIM jAna pAtA / 145 pazcAt una muniyoM ke prati kheda vyakta karate hue haijo loka kI duHkhamayatA ko jAna, pUrva saMyogoM ko chor3a, upazama kA abhyAsa kara aura brahmacarya meM vAsakara, sAdhu yA zrAvaka dharmaM ko yathArthaM rUpa se jAnakara kucheka kuzIla muni cAritra dharma kA pAlana karane meM samarthaM nahIM hote haiM, ve sAdhanA-mArga meM Ane vAle duHsaha parISahoM ko nahIM saha sakane ke kAraNa munidharmaM ( vastra - pAtra, kambala, pAda proMchana ) ko chor3a dete haiM | vividha kAma-bhogoM meM gAr3hamamatva rakhane vAle una muniyoM kI pravrajyA chor3a dene ke bAda hI tatkSaNa, muhUrtta bhara meM athavA aparimita kisI bhI samaya meM zarIra ( mRtyu ) chUTa sakatA hai / isa prakAra ve kAmAbhilASI aneka vighnoM, dvandvapUrNa kAma bhogoM se atRpta hI rahate haiM, unakA pAra nahIM pA sakate haiM / kAma-bhogoM se atRpta rahakara bIca meM hI samApta ho jAte haiM / 143 isa sandarbha meM, AcArAMga cUrNikAra ne 'accAI' zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa sAdhaka ne bAhara se padArthoM kA tyAga kara diyA, viSaya- kaSAyoM kA upazama bhI kiyA hai, brahmacarya kA pAlana bhI kiyA, zAstra jJAtA bhI bana gayA, parantu bhItara se yaha saba nahIM

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142: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana huA, usake antarmana meM padArthoM ko pAne ko lAlasA banI rahatI hai / nimitta milate hI usake kaSAya bhar3aka uThate haiN| brahmacarya bhI kevalazArIrika hai, athavA gurukUlavAsa bhI aupacArika hai, jisane dharma ke antaraMga ko sparza nahIM kiyA, vaha bAhara se dhUtavAdo evaM tyAgI pratIta hone para bhI antara se adhUtavAdI evaM atyAgI 'accAI hai / 147 AcArAMga meM tyAgI muni kA spaSTa lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai ki vaha prApta kAmabhogoM kA bhI sevana nahIM karatA / 148 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI tyAgI-atyAgI muni ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hae kahA hai ki jo sAdhaka bhogya padArthoM ke upalabdha hone para bhI unakI ora pITha kara detA hai, una bhogoM kA hRdaya se tyAga kara detA hai, vahI tyAgI hai| isake viparIta jo vastra, gandha, alaMkArAdi bhogya padArthoM ko upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa unakA upabhoga nahIM kara pAtA, vaha tyAgI nahIM kahalAtA149 kyoMki usako bhogAkAMkSA banI huI hai| bAhyarUpa se viSaya-virakta ho jAne para bhI mana se unake prati rAga-bhAva yA Asakti dUra na hone se vaha sacce artha meM tyAgI nahIM bana paataa| vaha saMga ( atyAgI) hI banA rahatA hai isalie upazama bhAva ko chor3akara punaH padacyuta ho jAtA hai| uparyukta vicAroM se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra upazama kI sAdhanA saccI sAdhanA nahIM hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ko bhASA meM ise damana-mArga bhI kaha sakate haiN| upazama kA artha hotA hai vikAroM, viSaya-kaSAyoM ko upazAnta karanA, dabA denaa| jaise-gaMdale jala meM phiTakarI DAlane se miTTI nIce baiTha jAto hai aura pAnI svaccha ho jAtA hai parantu vAyu ke prabala jhokoM se zAnta, svaccha pAnI meM punaH taraMge uThane lagatI haiM, vaise hI aupazamika sAdhanA meM viSaya-kaSAyoM ko jJAna ke dvArA dabAkara zAnta kara Age bar3hA jAtA hai| parantu damita viSayakaSAya saMyoga pAkara punaH bhar3aka uThate haiN| vikAroM kI taraMge uchala-kUda macAne lagatI haiM / AtmA kA punaH patana ho jAtA hai| yaha to roga ke kAraNoM ko khojakara unheM samApta na kara mAtra roga dabAne kA prayAsa hai| gItA150 meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM damana kA mArga samucita nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANI apanI prakRti ke anusAra vyavahAra karate haiN| ve nigraha kaise kara sakate haiM ? citta-nirodha yA indriya-nirodha se to mana antardvandva se grasta ho jAtA hai| damita icchAe~ anukUla paristhitiyA~ pAkara punaH udbhUta ho uThatI haiM / isI taraha

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 143 bauddha paramparA 151 meM bhI damana kI avadhAraNA ko anucita mAnA gayA hai / niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki AcArAMgakAra ko kore icchAnirodha yA indriya - nigraha kA mArga svIkArya nahIM hai, kyoMki isa mArga se kI jAne vAlI sAdhanA kI nirarthakatA evaM duSpariNAmoM ko usameM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / icchAoM, viSaya-vAsanAoM kA balAt damana nahIM karanA cAhie / damana Akhira damana hai / usase vyakti kI pAzavika vRttiyoM kA niyaMtraNa to ho jAtA hai, kintu una viSayecchAoM kA mUlataH unmUlana nahIM hotA / AcArAMga kI zabdAvalI meM vaha 'upazama' kI sAdhanA hai aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA vikAsa kI dRSTi se vaha samyak rUpa se ucita nahIM hai / upazama se ve viSaya-vAsanAe~ mUlataH samApta yA kSaya nahIM hotI haiM, apitu samaya pAkara punaH ta udbhUta ho jAtI haiM aura naitika jIvana meM aneka vikAra utpanna karatI haiN| zArIrika mAnasika svAsthya ko viparIta rUpa se prabhAvita karatI haiM / una para vijaya pAne kA, nirodha karane kA sarvottama tarIkA yahI hai ki jJAna-viveka, vairAgya ke prakAza meM unakA UrdhvakaraNa, udAttIkaraNa zodhana yA kSaya kiyA jAya / hameM yahA~ taka smaraNa rakhanA cAhie AcArAMga meM jJAna - viveka, vairAgya samatA evaM anAsakti ke sAtha hI indriya nigraha tathA deha-damana ko bhI Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai / AcArAMga 'iha ANAkaMkhI aNi he, 152 'tamhA avimaNe sayAjae, 153/ 'Agaya paNNANANaM pariNNAe 154 'palichidiya bahiraMga macciehi 155 'aiacca savvato amoyariyAe 56 'kasAe payaNue titikkhAe 157 Adi aneka sUtroM ke dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki karmakSaya yA pUrNa AdhyAtmika pragati ke lie antarbAhya donoM prakAra kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / AcArAMga kI taraha aSTapAhuDa, 158 paMcAdhyAyI, 159 nuprekSA, 50 daulatarAmajI kRta chahaDhAlA" tathA ghammapada viSaya - virakti aura indriya-nigraha arthAt manojaya kaSAya-jaya ) aura indriya-jaya donoM kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai / mAnasika zuddhIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi : ukta vizleSaNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AcArAMga kI sAdhanA mukhyataH Antarika zuddhikaraNa kI sAdhanA hai / vaha jIvana ko bhItara se zuddha karane para bala detI hai / antarmana meM jo viSaya vikAra chipe haiM, unheM bAhara nikAlanA hai / AcArAMga hameM mAnasika-zodhana kI preraNA detA hai .. ... .. kArtikeyA 8132 meM bhI

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144 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kyoMki hamAre bandhana-yA mukti kA AdhAra Antarika manovRttiyAM hI haiM / brahmabindUpaniSad,64 tejobindUpaniSad165 evaM maitrAyaNI AraNyaka meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki mana ho bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa hai|166 ataH zuddha adhyAtma ( mana ) kA anveSaNa karanA caahie|167 mana kI sAdhanA hI saccI sAdhanA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jo mana ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA, vahI nirgrantha hai|168 usakI graMthiyA~ khala jAtI haiM / 169 AcArAMga meM aneka sthaloM para 'grantha', 'graMthi' yA 'nirgrantha' zabdoM kA prayoga haA hai jo eka viziSTa artha kA dyotaka hai| AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana va sthAnAMga meM AtmA ko bAMdhane vAle viSaya-kaSAya ko 'gantha' yA 'gaMthi' kahA gayA hai| jo gAMTha hameM bAMdhatI haiM, ve viSaya-kaSAya evaM rAga-dveSa kI gAThe haiM, mAnasika bandhana hI vAstavika bandhana hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI ina graMthiyoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| inase mukta honA hI AcArAMga kI sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya hai, kintu mana ko kAma-vAsanA, Asakti kI gAMTha se mukta kaise kiyA jAe? use pavitra kaise kiyA jAya ? aura usa para vijaya kaise pAyI jAya ? AcArAMga meM mana zuddhi ke lie jo vaijJAnika paddhati apanAyI gayI hai, usakI prAmANikatA Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI siddha ho cukI hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra mana ko pavitra rakhane ke lie Asakti ko jAnanA-dekhanA Avazyaka hai| sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki he sAdhaka / Upara srota hai, nIce srota hai aura madhya meM bhI srota yA viSayAsakti ke sthAna haiM arthAt tInoM dizAoM meM karma-bandhana ke hetu haiM / inake dvArA manuSya Asakta hotA hai / use tuma dekho / 170 Age kahA hai ki ina viSaya kaSAyoM se nivRtta hone ke lie tuma Asakti ko dekho| AcArAMga ke anusAra 'dekhanA' sAdhaka jIvana kA sabase mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai| jaba sAdhaka dekhatA hai, taba vaha socatA nahIM hai aura jaba socatA hai taba dekhatA nahIM hai| ina vRttiyoM yA srotoM ko rokane kA pahalA aura antima sAdhana hai- dekhanA, draSTAbhAva / Asakti ko tor3ane kA sarvottama evaM sazakta upAya hai- draSTA yA sAkSI bhAva / ina duSpravRttiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA unake prati jAgarUka banane ke atirikta dUsarA koI upAya nahIM hai / inheM jAnane aura dekhane kI prakriyA se Asakti TUTatI hai, mohamamatva kI pakar3a kama hotI hai| isa viSaya-virAga ke patha para calane ke lie sAdhaka ko sajagapraharI kI bhAMti saceSTa rahanA par3atA hai| jAgarUka yA jJAtA-draSTA puruSa hI ina graMthiyoM ko tor3a sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM

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naitikatA ko maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAMga : 145 AcArAMga meM, eka sthAna para citta ko kAma-vAsanA se mukta karane ke lie tIna upAya batAye gaye haiM- loka darzana, anuparivartana darzana aura saMdhi darzana / sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki dIrghadarzI puruSa lokadarzI hotA hai| vaha loka ke adhobhAga, UrdhvabhAga aura tirache bhAga ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai| vaha yaha dekhatA hai ki kAma-bhogoM meM Asakta puruSa anuparivartana kara rahA hai yA saMsAra meM kAma-bhogoM ke pIche cakkara kATa rahA hai / vaha yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki yaha manuSya janma Atmazakti-jAgRta karane kA svarNima avasara hai| isa prakAra vaha loka ke yathArtha svarUpa, paribhramaNa ke kAraNoM tathA maraNadharmA manuSya ke zarIra kI saMdhi ko jAnakara kAmAsakti se mukta ho jAtA hai / 71 uparyukta sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki kAma-bhogoM se vahI puruSa baca sakatA hai jo dIrghadarzI hotA hai| vaha yaha samyak rUpa se jAna ( dekha) letA hai ki loka ke tInoM kSetra arthAt samUcA saMsAra kAma-vAsanA se pIr3ita hai aura yahI saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa hai| ataH viSayAsakti rUpa Avarta kA nirIkSaNa kara jJAnI puruSa usase virata ho jaae|172 isa prakAra AcArAMga ke anusAra mana kI gaharAiyoM meM utarakara sajaga yA apramattacetA banane se azubha-vRttiyAM kSINa ho jAtI haiM, gAThe khula jAtI haiM aura mana nirmala evaM pavitra bana jAtA hai| kAmAsakti jAnanA-dekhanA hI mAnasika pavitratA ko banAye rakhane kA arthAt Asakti-tyAga kA vAstavika upAya hai| sandarbha-sUcI adhyAya 5 1. AcArAMga, 1/3/3. 2. vahI, 1/6/3. 3. vahI, 1/2/5, 1/8/3. 4. dazavaikAlika 2/10. 5. dhammapada, 25/10. 6. AcA0 niyukti, 189. 7. abhi0 rAje0 ko0, khaNDa 3, pR0 395. 8. AcArAMga zIlAMka TI0, patrAMka 154. 9. vahI, patrAMka, 154. 10. AcArAMga, 1/2/1. 11. dazavakAlika, 8/40. 12. sthAnAMga, 2/2. 13. prazamaratiprakaraNa, adhi0 2/31-32. 14. AcArAMga, 1/4/3. 15, vahI, 1/4/3. 16. vahI, 1/3/4.

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146 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 17. vahI, 1/3/4. 18. (a) je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, (ba) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA0 482. 19. AcArAMga, 1/3/4. 29. vahI, 1/3/4. 22 . vahI, 1 / 3 / 4 evaM 1/3/3. 23. zrIratnamandiragaNi, upadezataraGgiNI ( prathama taraMga ) nijadharma abhyudaya yantrAlaya, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2437, tapa upadeza, zlo0 8. 24. AcArAMga, 1/8/8/6-7. 26. gItA, 16 / 4 - 22. 28. AcArAMga, 1/3/4. 30. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/3. 25. dazavaikAlika, 8/37. 27. dhammapada, 17/1-2/3. 29. AcA0 cUrNi; 1/3/4. 31. dhammapada - 21. 33. saundarananda-1443-45. 35. vahI, 1/3/1. 38. vahI, 1/3/2. 40 kha. vahI, 1/2/1. 42. saMyukta nikAya, 44. vahI, 1 / 5 / 2. 46. AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 2. 48. ThANAMga, 3 / 336. 50. dazavaikAlika, 8 / 16. 52. gItA, 2 / 63, 441. AcArAMga- 1/3/4 20. vahI, 1/3/4. 36. vahI, 1/3/1. 39. vahI, 1/2/4. 32. vahI - 2 / 1 . 34. AcArAMga 1/3/4. 37. vahI, 1/2/4. 40ka. vahI, 1/3/2. 41. sUtrakRtAMga, 112 / 3 / 19. 1|1|10, 111 20. 43. AcArAMga, 1/3/3. 45. vahI, 121, atharvaveda, 11 / 4 / 25. 47. atharvaveda, 2/6/2. 49. uttarAdhyayana, 46,4/1. 51. dhammapada, 13 / 2. 53. abhi0 rAje0 koza, kha0 6, pR0 675. 55. uttarAdhyayana, 32/19. " 54. AcArAMga 1 / 1 / 5. 56. gItA, 3/36, 2 / 62. 57. gItA - zAMkarabhASya, prakA0 ghanazyAmadAsa jAlAna, gItA presa gorakhapura, caturthaM saMskaraNa 1995 3/37 evaM 332 58. dhammapada 295, 16/6-8. 60. suttanipAta, 5068/5. 61. Ara0 viliyama jemsa, jainayoga, prakA0 o0 yU0 presa, landana, 1963, pR0 131. 59. aMguttaranikAya, 33109. 62. AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 3. 63. AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 3 para zIlAMka TIkA, patrAMka 191. 64. AcArAMga, 1/3/3, 115/6 evaM AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 3 para zIlAMka TIkA patrAMka 152.

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naitikatA ko maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga : 147 65. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/16. 66. dazavaikAlika, 8140. 67. adhyAtmasAra a0 16/67. 68. gItA, 2 / 56, 2 / 61. 69. manusmRti, 2/215, 70. jJAnArNava, 18/151, 71. uttarAdhyayana, 32. 72. jJAnANaMva, prakaraNa 18, zloka 149-150. 73. prazamaratiprakaraNa zloka 41-47. 74. yogazAstra pra0 4 zloka 28-33 75. AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 3 76. AcArAMga, niyukti 96. 77. AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 2. 78. vahI, 1 / 4 / 4. 79. uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 44. 80. vahI, 21 / 13, 22,47-48. 81. sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 12 / 15. 82. sthAnAMga, 4 / 2, 6 / 3. 83. pravacanasAra, 3 / 38. 84. zIlapAhuDa, paramazra ta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa saM0 1924. 209. 85. dazavakAlika, 21, 9/5, 4/7-8. 86. bRhatkalpabhASya, 4449. 87. yogazAstra, 4 / 23-24. 88. zrIupAdhyAya yazovijayajI, jJAnasArASTaka, zrIkezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra saMsthApaka, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1994. indriyajayASTaka zlo0 1. 89. atharvaveda, 11 / 5 / 2. 90. gItA, 2060-68, 3 / 41-42. 91. manusmRti, 2 / 88-93. 92, dIghanikAya ( paThamo bhAgo), bambaI yunivarsiTI-1, prathama AvRtti, san 1942, 2 / 7 / 1 / itivRttaka, anu0 bhikSudharmaratna prakA0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, budhAbda 2499, 2 / 2 / vishuddhimggo-1|101| dhamma pd-7|5. 93. kanTemprerI ethikala thyorIja, pR0 185-186. 94. AcArAMga, 2115. 95. vahI, 2 / 15. 96. vahI, 2 / 1 / 8. 97. vahI, 2 / 11. 98. saMkalpamUlA hi sarve kAmAH / gItA ( zAMkarabhASya ), 6/4. 99. saMkalpamUlaH kAmaH / manusmRti-2/3. 100. saMzodhaka-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, mahAnidezapAli / suttapiTaka, bihAra rAjya pAli prakAzana maNDala, san 1960, 1 / 1 / 1. 101. mahAbhArata zAnti0, 177 / 25. 102. AcArAMga, 1 / 4 / 1, para zIlAMka TI0 patrAMka0 163. 103. AcArAMga, 1 / 115. 104. saMyukta nikAya, 4 / 35 / 94-95. 105. Rgveda, prakA0 vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maNDala, bhArata mudraNAlaya, aundhanagara, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1940, 1 / 164 / 20,

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148 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana 106. Rgveda, 817815. 107. AcArAMga, 1 / 9 / 1. 108. zrI zivakoTi AcArya, malArAdhanA ( bhagavatI ArAdhanA ) anu0 paM0 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha balAtkAragaNa jaina pablikezana sosAyaTI, kAraMjA, san 1935, 1916. 109. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 101. 110. vahI 32 // 100. 111. baddho hi ko yo viSayAnurAgI ko vA vimukti viSaya virakti-zaMkarAcArya / 112. uttarAdhyayana, 32 / 21. 113. AcArAMga, 1 / 88. 114. samayasAra, 150. 115. zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI, vyavahArabhASya, kezavalAla premacandra, ahamadAbAda, 2 / 54. 116. dazavakAlika, 295. 117. gItA, 18151-52. 118. therIgAthA, 14 / 671, saMyuktanikAya, 4 / 35 / 232, dIghanikAya, 2 / 83. 119. AcArAMga, 1323. 120. aitareya AraNyaka // 3 // 2. 121. uttarAdhyayana, 23158, 1115. 122. vahI, 24 / 11. 123. dhammapada, 3 // 1. 124. majjhimanikAya, 2 // 3544. 125. dhammapada, 333. 126. jJAnANaMva, 18 / 118, 120. 127. yogazAstra, 36 // 39. 128. atharvaveda, 4 / 31 / 3. 129. yajurveda, ajamera vaidika yantrAlaya, vi0 saM0 1956, 34 / 6. 130. zvetAzvataropaniSad 2/9. 131. gItA, 6/34-35, 6/14. 132. AcArAMga, 1/4/4. 133. vahI, 1/1/5. 134. vahI, 1/1/5. 135. zrIvaTekarAcArya, mUlAcAra, mANikacandra digambara jainagraMthamAlA samiti, ___ hIrAbAga, giragA~va, bambaI, prathama AvRtti, vI0saM0 2447, nA0 995. 136. gItA, 2/59, 3/6. 137. AcArAMga, 1/2/2, 1/5/6. 138. vahI 1/6/4. 139. vahI, 1/6/4. 140. vahI, 1/6/4. 141. zrI ToDaramalajI, mokSamArga prakAzaka, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA, prathama AvRtti, san 1939, ma0 7. 142. AcArAMga, 1/6/4. 143. vahI, 1/6/4. 144. vahI, 1/5/4. 145. vahI, 1/5/1. 146. vahI, 1/6/2 147. AcArAMgacUrNi, pR0 61. 148. AcArAMga 1/2/2 149. dazavakAlika, 2/2/3. 150. gItA, 3/33, :7/6.

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naitikatA kI maulika samasyAe~ aura AcArAGga : 149 151. zrImadanaMgavajra, prajJopAyavinizcaya, oriyanTala iMsTiTayUTa, bar3audA, san 1929, 5/40. evaM AcArya zAntideva; bodhicaryAvatAra, anu0 zAntibhikSuzAstrI yuddha vihAra, lakhanaU, prathama AvRtti, san 1955, bhUmikA, pR0 20. 152. AcArAMga, 1/4/3. 153. vahI, 1/4/4. 154. vahI, 1/6/3. 155. vahI, 1/4/4 156. vahI, 1/6/2, 1/3/3. 157. vahI 1/8/8, 1/9/4. 158. aSTapAhuDa ( solapAhuDa) gA0 35. 159. kavivara paM0 rAjamahalajI, paMcAdhyAyI, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI, jana grantha mAlA, banArasa, prathama saMskaraNa, vI0 saM0 2476, uttarArdha 1118. 160. kArtikeyAnuprakSA, 112-114. / 161. paM0 daulatarAmajI, chahaDhAlA, zAstrasvAdhyAyamAlA, zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira, sabjImaNDI dehalI-6, san 1974, 3/9. 162. dhammapada, 360-61. 163. AcArAMga, 1/5/2. 164. saMpA0 50 jagadIza zAstrI, brahma bindUpaniSad ( upaniSad saMgraha ) saMgraha motIlAla banArasIdAsa, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970, 2 dillI-7. 165. sampA0 paM0 jagadIza zAstrI, tejobindUpaniSad ( upaniSad saMgraha) motI lAla banArasIdAsa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970, 5/95 101. 166. maitrAyaNI AraNyakopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upa0 prathama khaNDa ), vaidika saMzo dhana maNDala pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880, 6/34/11/. 167. AcArAMga, 1/8/8. 168. vahI, 2/15. 169. vahI, 1/8/8. 170. vahI, 1/5/6. 171. vahI, 1/2/5. 172. vahI, 1/5/6.

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SaSTha adhyAya AcAMrAga kA muktimArga bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI darzanoM meM mokSa prApti ke lie trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA vidhAna hai| jaina sAdhanA meM bhI trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA viziSTa evaM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina dharma meM isa sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritrarUpa ratnatraya hai| ratnatraya kI ekatA ko hI mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai / jo mahattva yogadarzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM aSTAMga yoga kA hai vahI mahattva jaina dharma meM ratnatraya mUlaka sAdhanA-paddhati kA hai| AcArAMga meM mukti-mArga kI sAdhanA kI carcA avazya hai, kintu uttaravartI tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM meM jisa prakAra spaSTa rUpa se 'darzana', 'jJAna' aura 'cAritra' ko mukti kA mArga kahA gayA hai aura 'samyagdarzanajJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' ( tattvArthasUtra 1 / 1 ) isa sUtragata paribhASA ko paravartI sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne mAna rakhA hai| isakA bikharA rUpa AcArAMga meM upalabdha hotA hai / yadyapi AcArAMga meM isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ke lie sIdhe-sIdhe kahIM eka sAtha 'darzana', 'jJAna' aura 'cAritra' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| usameM se ' kiti tesiM samuTThiyANaM nikkhitadaNDANaM samAhiyANaM paNNANamaMtANaM iha muttimaggaM / ' isa sUtra ke dvArA 'ahiMsA', 'prajJA' aura 'samAdhi' ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA vidhAna hai| anyatra bhI 'se hu paNNANaMmate buddhe Arambhovarae sammameyaMti pAsaha' tathA 'jeya paNNANamaMtA ya buddhA ArambhovarayA'3 ina tIna padoM se ratnatraya arthAt muktimArga kA bodha karAyA gayA hai| 'samyagdarzana' ke lie 'pabuddha', 'samyagjJAna' ke lie 'paNNA maMtA' aura 'samyak cAritra' ke lie 'ArambhovarayA' zabda vyavahRta hai| AcArAMga meM samyagdarzana ke lie 'samAdhi' zabda bho AyA hai / __ AcArAMga meM ho nahIM, apitu bauddhadarzana meM bhI zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA rUpa trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA varNana hai / vastutaH bauddhadarzana kA yaha trividha sAdhanA-mArga AcArAMga ke 'prajJA', ahiMsA aura samAdhirUpa sAdhanA-mArga ke samAna hI hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bauddha darzana ke zIla

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AcArAGga kA muktimArga : 151 ko 'nikkhitadaMDANaM ' samAdhi ko 'samAhiyANaM' aura prajJA ko 'paNNANamaMtANaM' se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai| gItA meM bhI jJAna, bhakti (zraddhA) aura karma ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA - mArga kA varNana huA hai / manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gae haiMjJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa / cetanA ke ina tInoM ( jJAna-bhAva ora saMkalpa ) pakSoM kA ananta jJAna-darzana, ananta saukhya ( Ananda ) aura anantavIrya ( ananta zakti ) ke rUpa meM pUrNa vikAsa ke lie AcArAMga meM trividha mukti mArga kI sAdhanA kA vidhAna hai / isake atirikta bhI AcArAMga meM 'esa maggo Ariehi paveie' 'uTThie No pamAyae' meM apramAda ko mArga kahA gayA hai to anyatra 'vayaM eehiM kajjehiM daNDa samArambhejjA Ne vaNNehiM eehiM kajjehiM daNDasamArambhAvejjA NevaNNehiM eehi kajjehiM daNDasamArambhantaM samaNu samagge Ariehi paveie' ke dvArA 'daNDasamArambha' se vita yA 'ahiMsA' ko mArga kahA hai / kahIM 'pariggahAo appANa mavasakkejjA esa magge Ariehi paveie' kaha kara anAsakti ( amUrcchA ) yA aparigraha ko mokSamArga kahA hai to kahIM 'araiM AuTTe se mehAvI kharNasi mukke' kahakara arati ke nivAraNa yA caitasika anudvignatA ko, aura 'vimuttA hu te jaNA je jaNA pAragAmiNo, 'lobhamalobheNa dugaMchamANe laddhe kAme NAbhigAhaI' meM alobha ( saMtoSa ) ko 'esamagge Ariehi paveie' arthAt AryoM dvArA pratipAdita mokSa mArga kahA hai / sAmAnyatayA mukti ke do sAdhana haiM- 'jJAna - kriyAbhyAM mokSaH' jJAna aura kriyA se mokSa prApta hotA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM bho 'ahiMsu vijjA caraNaM pamokkho' vidyA aura AcaraNa ko mokSa kA sAdhana kahA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM yaha nirdeza hai ki kucha loga sampanna kula meM janma lekara bhI yadi rUpa meM Asakta ho jAte haiM to unheM mokSa nahIM milatA hai / " AcArAMga meM yaha bhI nirdeza milatA hai ki 'je aNaNNa daMsI se aNaNNArAmI' - jo yathArtha draSTA yA AtmadraSTA hotA hai vaha jinokta siddhAnta athavA jinAjJA ke viparIta AcaraNa nahIM karatA arthAt, mokSa mArga se viparIta AcaraNa nahIM karatA / isa sUtra meM 'aNaNNadaMsI' ke dvArA samyagdarzana aura 'aNaNArAmI' zabda ke dvArA samyag cAritra kA spaSTa ullekha hai / parantu yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki 'aNaNNadaMsI' zabda meM jJAna hai| eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva nahIM rahatA / isIlie

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152 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yahA~ 'aNaNNadaMsI' aura 'aNaNNArAmI' pada ke dvArA trividha sAdhanA mArga se mokSapada kI upalabdhi batalAI gaI hai / ukta vivecanA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArAMga meM mukti-mArga kI sAdhanA ke bIja nihita haiM, parantu paravartI granthoM ke samAna usakA suvyavasthita evaM suvikasita rUpa hameM usameM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| AcArAMga meM samyagdarzana zabda kA prayoga evaM usake paryAyavAcoH / sAdhanA kI prathama bhUmikA samyagrzana hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga meM samyagdarzana se sambandhita vicAra to avazya upalabdha hote haiM, parantu usakA suvyavasthita rUpa hameM usameM parilakSita nahIM hotA aura na uttaravartI jainagranthoM ke samAna paribhASAbaddha koI spaSTa nirdeza hI milatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM darzana ( samyagdarzana) ke lie 'samyagdRSTi' 'samatvadarzI', 'ananyadarzI', 'niSkarmadarzI', anomadarzI', 'AtaMkadarzI', 'paramadarzI' Adi zabda vyavahRta hue haiN| isake atirikta 'samyaktva', 'samatva', 'darzana', 'pAsa','pAsai','pAsiya', 'samAdhi','pabuddha, zraddhA' Adi aneka zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga meM 'samyagdarzana' zabda . ke sthAna para 'dRSTi' yA 'darzI' zabda kA pracura prayoga huA hai aura vaha usake dRSTikoNaparaka artha kA dyotaka hai / 'pAsa', pAsiya' 'pAsaha' zabda Atma-jAgarUkatA yA apramattadazA ko ora saMketa karate haiN| 'darzana' zabda siddhAnta ke artha ko bhI batAtA hai| AcArAMga meM 'samAdhi' zabda kA prayoga citta kI nirvikalpadazA kA saMsUcaka hai| samyagdarzana-vibhinna artha meM : 'dRza darzane' dhAtu se aN pratyaya lagakara 'darzana' zabda banA hai / dRSTi kA artha hai-darzana / prAcIna dArzanikoM ne sabhI jJAna-vijJAnoM ko darzana kahA hai| sAmAnya vyavahAra meM 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga 'dekhane ke artha meM hotA hai, arthAt netrajanya bodha ko dekhanA yA darzana kahate haiM, aMgrejo bhASA meM jise vijana (Vision) kahA jAtA hai / parantu AcArAMga meM prayukta 'dRSTi' yA 'darzana' kA artha mAtra netrajanya bodha yA indriyagamya vastuoM ke avAlokana kA bodhaka nahIM hai, apitu manogamya yA atIndriya jJAna kA dyotaka hai| ataH 'darzana' kA vAstavika artha hai-satya-tattva kA sAkSAtkAra / saMkSepa meM samyagdRSTi arthAt samyak bodha / isa prakAra AcArAMga ke vicAra se samyak dRSTi ko vizuddha yA yathArthadRSTi kahA jA sakatA hai / usameM isake lie 'samattadaMsI na karei pAvaM', AyaMkadaMsI na

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AcArAGga kA muktimArga : 153 karei pAvaM" 'paramadaMsI..."oe samiya daMsaNe'.. 'vIrA sammatta daMsiNo'0' ..."NikammadaMsI iha macciehi..."je aNaNNadaMsI se' Adi prayoga dekhe jA sakate haiN| uparyukta prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samyakdRSTi ( yathArtha dRSTi ) prApta ho jAne para vyakti kI antaSTi khula jAtI hai, moha kA pardA TUTa jAtA hai aura AtmA ko satyatattva kA sAkSAtkAra hone lagatA hai / pUrvadRSTa padArtha apane naye svarUpa meM dikhAI dena lagate haiN| samyagdRSTi prApta hote hI usake samasta mApadaNDa badala jAte haiM / vaha naye sire se pratyeka vastu kA mUlya nirdhArita karane lagatA hai kyoMki usakI dRSTi hI samyak yA zuddha hA jAtI hai / dRSTi ke anurUpa hI use sArI sRSTi dikhAI par3atI hai| ataH samyagdRSTi AtmA kI cittavRtti kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki cakravartI kI sampadA, indrasarIkhA bhoga / kAka bITa sama ginata hai samyagdarzI loga / / AcArAMga ke anusAra vizuddha dRSTi kA prApta honA hI samyagyarzana hai| AcArAMga meM kahIM-kahIM 'darzana' zabda siddhAnta ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai| jaise 'eyaM pAsagassa daMsaNaM12' Adi / AcArAMga meM 'darzana' ke lie 'pAsiyaNANI'3' 'eyaM pAsamuNI' 14, 'saMgaM ti pAsaha', 'NAlaM pAsa', 'puDhopAsa'17, ityAdi aneka zabda prayukta hue haiM / ye usake yathArtha draSTA athavA sAkSIbhAva ko dyotita karate haiM / ___ AcArAMga meM sAdhaka ke lie bAra-bAra nirdeza hai ki tU dekha ! tU dekha ! yahA~ dekhane se tAtparya apanI manovRttiyoM ko dekhanA hai, unake prati jAgarUka rahanA, yA apramata honA hai, kyoMki jo AtmA apanI cittavRttiyoM ke prati jAgarUka rahatA hai yA yathArtha draSTA hotA hai vahI apane zuddha jJAtA draSTA svarUpa meM avasthita rahakara satyatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra yathArthadraSTA ke lie mukti kA dvAra udghATita ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM samyagdRSTi sampanna vyakti hI yathArthadraSTA bana sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga zraddhA ke artha meM bhI huA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki zraddhA kA AdhAra yA Alambana kyA hai ? AcArAMga ke anusAra zraddhA ke do AdhAra mAne gae haiN| eka salyatattva aura dUsare satya ke jIvanta svarUpa sadguru yA jinAjJA / ye do

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154 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyanana hI zraddhA ke aise mahattvapUrNa Alambana haiM yA AdhAra haiM, jinake binA tattva kA yA satya kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava nhiiN| jinokta pravacana ( tIrthaMkaroM kI AjJA ) ko zraddhA kA AdhAra batAte hue AcArAMga meM kahA hai'tameva saccaM NIsaMkaM jaM' jiNehi paveiyaM " " jinezvaroM ne jo kucha kahA hai vahI satya aura zaMkA rahita hai / AcArAMga TIkAkAra ne bhI 'samyaktva' nAmaka caturtha adhyayana kI TIkA meM samyagdarzana kA artha 'tattvArthaM zraddhAnaM samyaktvamucyate' kahakara tattvArthazraddhAna hI kiyA hai / isa prakAra AcArAMga kI dRSTi se, jinopadiSTa tattvajJAna ( jina pravacana ), satya ke prati dRr3ha niSThA yA pratIti hI samyagdarzana hai / abhidhAna rAjendra koza ke anusAra jIvAjIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnanA, dekhanA aura ina para dRr3ha zraddhA rakhanA hI 'darzana' hai / 20 1 3 samyagdarzana kyA hai ? jaina dArzanikoM ne isakA uttara vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se diyA hai / AcArya hemacandra 21 ne deva- guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA rakhane ko samyagdarzana kahA hai / navatattvadIpikA 22 meM kahA hai ki tIrthaMkaropadiSTa satyatattvoM yA vacanoM meM zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai / bRhadadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra jIvAdi tattvoM ke prati zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai / AcAryaM vasunandi24 ke anusAra Apta, Agama aura tattva- ina tInoM para zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai / AcArya kundakunda 25 ke vicAra se jina prarUpita jIvAdi tattvoM ke prati zraddhA rakhanA vyavahAra samyaktva hai kintu nizcaya naya se Atma zraddhAna ho samyaktva hai / umAsvAti ne tattvArthazraddhAna ko samyaktva kahA hai| isa taraha sabhI vicArakoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se samyagdarzana ke artha ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai kintu mUlamantavya sabhI kA eka hI hai / isa prakAra AcArAMga kahatA hai ki 'saDDhI ANAe mehAvI 2 7 arthAt buddhimAna aura zraddhAvAna ko AjJA parAyaNa honA cAhie, kyoMki 'ANAe mAmagai dhammaM merI AjJA meM hI dharma hai dUsarI ora zraddhA ke dUsare tattva ko svIkAra karate hue vaha yaha bhI kahatA hai ki 'purisA ! saccameva samami jANAhi, saccassa ANAe uvaTThie mehAvI mAraM tarai sahi dhammamAdAya seyaM samaNupassaha? " he puruSa ! tuma satya ko samyak prakAra se jAno arthAt satya para pUrNa pratIti rakho, kyoMki satya kI AjJA meM upasthita buddhimAna puruSa saMsAra yA mRtyu se pAra ho jAtA hai / vaha darzana jJAnAdi rUpa dharma kA Alambana lekara zreya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai / yaha bhI kahA hai ki satya meM dhairya (vizvAsa) rakhakara sthira

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 155 ho jAo, jisase tumhAre sabhI pApa karma kSINa ho jaayeNge|30 vastutaH yaha satya niSThA hI vyakti ke jIvana ko satyamaya banA detI hai| isa satyaniSThA se hI jIvana meM maMgalamaya Aloka kI kiraNeM prasphuTita hotI haiN| gItA meM bhI kucha aise hI milate julate vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| __ gItA meM kahA hai ki 'sarva dharmAna parityajya mAmekaM zaraNaM vraja'1 sabhI dharmoM ko chor3akara merI zaraNa meM A jAo, tathA 'cetasA sarvakarmANi mayi saMnyasya matparaH32 citta aura sabhI karmoM ko mujhameM samarpita kara do, kyoMki 'maccitaH sarva "matprasAdAt tariSyasi' mujhameM samarpita hone para merI kRpA se tuma saba kaSToM se pAra ho jaaoge| sabhI pApoM se mukti kA AzvAsana dilAte hue kahA hai ki 'ahaM tvAM sarva pApebhyo mokSayiSyAmi mA zuca,34 he arjuna ! tU cintA mata kara, maiM tujhe sabhI pApoM se mukti dilA duuNgaa| ___ uparyukta vivecana se aisA lagatA hai ki AcArAMga meM jahA~ satya kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ gItA meM ahaMvAcI zabda kA prayoga huA hai / AcArAMga meM vyakti pUjA kI apekSA guNapUjA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / ___ sArAMza yaha ki AcArAMga meM samyagdarzana zabda apramattacetA ( draSTAbhAva), siddhAnta, caitasika nirvikalpatA Adi vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga kA samyagdarzana zabda dRSTikoNaparaka aura zraddhAparaka artha ko bhI apane meM sameTe hue hai| vastutaH samyagdarzana ko cAhe yathArthadRSTi yA vizuddhadRSTi kaheM, siddhAnta kaheM, caitasika nirvikalpatA kaheM yA tattvArthazraddhAna kaheM, unameM mUlataH koI antara nahIM hai, mAtra usako upalabdhi kI vidhi meM antara hai| vyakti svayaM yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke mAdhyama se satyatattva kA sAkSAtkAra kare athavA AptavacanoM yA kathanoM para dRr3ha AsthA rakhakara zraddhA ke dvArA tatva kA sAkSAtkAra kare, koI antara nahIM par3atA / antima sthiti to satya tattva kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hI hai| isa sandarbha meM paM0 sukhalAla jI kA kathana draSTavya hai 'tattva zraddhA hI samyagdRSTi ho to bhI vaha antima artha nahIM hai / antima artha to tattva-sAkSAtkAra hai, tattvazraddhA to tattva sAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna mAtra hai / vaha sopAna dRr3ha ho tabhI yathocita puruSArtha se tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, taba sAdhaka jIva mAtra cetanatattva kA samAna bhAva se anubhava karatA hai aura caritralakSI tattva kevala zraddhA ke viSaya meM na rahakara jIvana meM tAne-bAne kI taraha

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156 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 35 otaprota ho jAte haiM, eka rasa ho jAte haiM / isI kA nAma hai tattva sAkSAtkAra aura yahI samyagdRSTi zabda kA antima tathA ekamAtra artha hai' 134 sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra - samyagdarzana : jaina AcAra sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra samyagdarzana hai, jisa para sAdhanA kA sumanorama prAsAda khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi mUla meM bhUla hai, samyagdarzana kA abhAva hai to hamArI sArI sAdhanAe~ niSphala evaM niSprANa ho jAtI haiM | AcArAMga meM spaSTataH samyagdRSTi ke jIvana vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karane vAle lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki 'sammatadaMsI na karei pAvaM' samyagdRSTi AtmA pApa karma kA AcaraNa yA pApa kA bandha nahIM karatA / usake vicAra se samyagdRSTi hI jIvanadRSTi hai / vyakti kI ( jIvana ) dRSTi jaisI hotI hai, usake anurUpa hI usake cAritra kA nirmANa hotA hai aura vaha dRSTi hI usake jIvana ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora le jAtI hai / kisI AcaraNa kA sat honA yA asat honA kartA yA vyakti kI dRSTi ( samyagdarzana ) para nirbhara karatA hai / yaha to saca hai ki samyagdRSTi phalita hone vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva sat hogA aura mithyAdRSTi se niSpanna hone vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva asat hogA / samyagdRSTi sampanna vyakti ke sabhI kArya yA AcaraNa AkAMkSA-rahita hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki use pApa kA bandha nahIM hotA / vastutaH karmabandha kA mUla, Asakti yA AkAMkSA hI hai aura samyadRSTi sampanna vyakti ke jIvana meM kisI prakAra kI AkAMkSA yA Asakti hotI hI nahIM / use svasvarUpa yA AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi ke atirikta saba kucha niHsAra evaM heya pratIta hotA hai / vaha AtmasvarUpa ke prati itanA niSThAvAna hotA hai ki kisI bhI vibhAva meM usakI AsthA niSTha nahIM raha jAtI hai / zuddha Atmopalabdhi hI usakI sAdhanA kA lakSya hotA hai / usa yathArthadarzI ke samakSa paudgalika ( jar3a ) padArtha koI mUlya nahIM rakhate / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samyagdRSTi sampanna manuSya pApakarma ke bandhana se apane ko nivRtta kara letA hai, arthAt usakA jIvana AtmAbhimukhI ho jAtA hai / vaha kahIM bhaTakatA nahIM hai, kahIM aTakatA nahIM hai, patha bhraSTa nahIM hotA, apitu apane sAdhya kI prApti ke lie satata prayatnazIla rahatA hai / use apanI AtmA kI amaratA aura ajeya zakti para aTUTa vizvAsa hotA hai / vaha apanI AtmA ko vismRta kara koI bhI apriya AcaraNa nahIM karatA / vaha yathArthadraSTA hotA hai / usake anta:

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 157 karaNa meM sadaiva satya kI jyoti jalatI rahatI hai| AcArAMga ke vicAra se satya hI jIvana kA sArabhUta tattva mAnA gayA hai / satya kI ArAdhanA usake jIvana kA dhyeya hotA hai| satya kI upAsanA karane vAle samyagdraSTA ke lie mithyAzruta bhI samyakazruta bana jAtA hai / ataH AcArAMga kA 'sammatadaMsI na kareha pAvaM' bhI eka rahasyapUrNa sUtra hai| sambhavataH yaha bAta yA to usa bhUmikA para sthita vyakti ke lie kahI gaI hai jahA~ 'samatva' carama sImA para pahuMca jAtA hai yA phira jahA~ se vItarAgatA kI bhUmikA prArambha ho jAtI hai| eka samatva kI talahaTI hai to dUsarA zikhara / parantu hai donoM samatva / jo vItarAgatA ke antima stara yA carama zikhara para pahuMca cukA hai vaha koI pApakarma nahIM karatA aura jo usa antima stara para pahuMcane kI yA usa zikhara para car3hane kI taiyArI kara rahA hai vaha bhI koI pApakarma nahIM krtaa| isakA Azaya itanA hI hai ki usa sAdhaka ke antaHkaraNa meM koI pApakarma na karane kA saMkalpa jAgRta ho jAtA hai / vaha usa saMkalpa ke sAtha apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detA hai / antima stara para pahuMcakara usakI samacI pApavRttiyA~ chaTa jAtI haiN| antataH vaha pUrNa vItarAgI yA niSkAmI bana jAtA hai| vAstava meM samyagdRSTi AtmA kI Antarika sthiti 'jahA pomma jale jAgaM nova lippai vAriNA'3 ke samAna hotI hai| AcArya haribhadra sUri ne yogabindu meM isakA saMkSipta evaM sAragarbhita citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unake vicAra se-'mokSe cittaM tanurbhave' arthAt samyagdRSTi kA mana ( citta ) mokSa meM aura tana saMsAra meM hotA hai| vastutaH samyagdRSTi kI manovRtti saMsArAtIta hotI hai| vaha gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara sAMsArika dAyitvoM ko nibhAne para bhI pApa se lipta nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM isa bAta para bala diyA gayA hai ki samyagdRSTi jIva kaSAya se prerita hokara koI pApakarma nahIM karatA aura na pApAcaraNa kI Antarika vRtti hI usameM jAgRta hotI hai| ___ AcArAMga meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki bodhi-sampanna sAdhaka ke lie pUrNa satyaprajJa antaHkaraNa se pApakarma akaraNIya hotA hai / 37 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArAMga kI dRSTi se sAdhanA-mArga para agrasara hone ke lie samyagdarzana ( bodhi-sampanna ) honA anivArya hai| parantu vaha darzana prajJA prasUta honA caahie| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA hai ki jahA~ samyaktva hai vahA~ hI munitva hai / 38 munitva kI sAdhanA hI samatva yA samyagdarzana se prArambha hotI hai| AcArAMga ke sAdhanAmArga meM zraddhA tattva bhI mahattva

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158 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana pUrNa hai| usake binA vikAsa sambhava nahIM hai| zraddhAvihIna sAdhanA kA kiJcita mAtra bhI mUlya nhiiN| AcArAMgakAra kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka kA yaha naitika kartavya evaM dAyitva hai 'jAe saddhAe NikkhaMto, tameva aNupAliyA vijahitu visottiyaM'39 jisa zraddhApUrvaka sAdhaka ne abhiniSkramaNa kiyA hai, sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praveza kiyA hai, anta taka usI zraddhA ko banAe rakhe, lakSya ke prati kisI taraha kI zaMkA na rakhe aura na caitasika caMcalatA ke pravAha meM bahe / mAtra itanA hI nahIM apitu yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'ciccA savvaM visottiyaM phAse phAse smiydNsnne|40 samyagdarzana sampanna muni saba prakAra kI caitasika caMcalatA yA zaMkAoM ko chor3akara ( sAdhanA meM Ane vAle ) sparzI-kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kre| uparyukta sUtroM meM visottiya' zabda duSTa-cintana, zaMkA, durdhyAna, vimArgagamana Adi arthoM meM prayukta haA hai| upasargoM yA kaSToM ke Ane para kabhI-kabhI sAdhaka ke mana meM durdhyAna A jAtA hai, duzcintana hone lagatA hai athavA usakA citta caMcala aura kSubdha hokara asaMyama kI ora bhAgane lagatA hai| mana meM aneka prakAra kI kuzaMkAe~ (kuvikalpa) utpanna hone lagatI haiN| jaise-maiM ye parISaha saha rahA hU~, unakA suphala milegA yA nahIM ? itane kaThora tapa-saMyama yA mahAvrata rUpa cAritra kA zubhaphala milegA athavA nahIM? Agamokta pravacana satya hai yA nahIM? ityAdi isa taraha kI kuzaMkAe~ sAdhaka ke citta ko asthira, bhrAnta, asvastha evaM asamAdhiyukta banA detI haiN| ye visrotasikAe~ (zaMkAe~ ) mohanIya karma ke udaya se hotI haiN| zaMkA jIvana kI mahAna durbalatA hai| yaha viveka aura vizvAsa ko naSTa karatI hai, samyagdarzana ko naSTa karatI hai| isake rahate jIvana kA samyagrUpeNa vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| zaMkA hI eka aisA tattva hai jo hamAre saMkalpa meM dRr3hatA nahIM Ane detaa| saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA ke binA lakSyaprati yA uddezya-prApti ke lie apekSita Antarika bala prApta nahIM hotA aura Antarika bala ke abhAva meM siddhi nahIM ho sktii| ataH yaha anivArya hai ki sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA evaM sAdhya ke prati pUrNa vizvAsa ( zraddhA ) honA caahie| sAtha hI apane antaHkaraNa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA ko prazraya nahIM denA cAhie / jaba taka jinokta satyatattvoM yA sAdhanA ke prati zaMkA banI rahegI taba taka vyakti adhyAtma sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie AcArAMga meM sAdhaka ko samasta

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 159 zaMkAoM ko chor3akara sAdhanA patha para Age bar3hane ke lie kahA hai| kyoMki 'vitigiccha samAvaNNeNaM appANeNaM Nolabhati samAdhi41 - zaMkAzIla vyakti ( vicikitsA - prApta AtmA ) samAdhi ko prApta nahIM karatA / isI bAta ko gItAkAra ne 'saMzayAtmAvinazyati' kahakara saMzaya se hone vAlI hAni ko batAyA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra samasta prakAra kI zaMkAoM ko naSTa kara caitasika samAdhi ko prApta karane kA mahattvapUrNa Alambana sUtra hai - 'tameva saccaM NI saMkaM jaM jiNehi paveiyaM / ' vastutaH yaha niHzaMkatA samyagdarzana kA prathama aMga hai / yathArthaM dRSTi yA zraddhA hI eka aisA tattva hai jo sAdhaka ke jJAna aura AcaraNa ko sahI dizA - bodha detA hai / AcArAMganiryukti meM tapazcaraNa, jJAna aura cAritra se pUrva darzana kI prAthamikatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| darzana kI mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu likhate haiM ' tamhA kammANIyaM je u maNo daMsaNammi pajjaijjAdaMsaNavao hi saphalANi huMti tavaNANa caraNAi samyagdarzana se sampanna vyakti ke hI tapa, jJAna aura cAritra saphala hote haiM / AcArAMga kI bhA~ti hI uttaravartI jainAgamoM meM bhI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM darzana kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / samyagdarzana kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue jJAtAdharmakathA' 3 meM ise 'apaDiladdha sammata rayaNapaDilabheNaM...' kahakara ratna kI upamA dI gaI hai / isa sandarbha meM uttarAdhyayana 44 meM kahA hai ki 'natthi caritaM sammatta vihUNa' samyaktva se rahita cAritra kA mahattva nahIM hai / mahAnizItha 45 meM sAdhanA ke lie samyagdarzana ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai / darzanapAhuDa aura ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM bhI jIvana vikAsa ke lie jJAna aura cAritra ke pUrva 'darzana' kA honA mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / aSTapAhuDa meM darzana kI mahattA ko caramotkarSa para pahu~cAte hue yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki daMsaNabhaTThAbhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThassa natthi NivvANaM / sijjhati cariyabhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThA Na sijjhati / " matalaba yaha hai ki cAritra bhraSTa vyakti kA nirvANa sambhava hai parantu darzana ( samyagdarzana ) se calita AtmA kA nirvANa sambhava nahIM hai / santa Anandaghana jI ne bhI apanI adhyAtma vANI meM zraddhAparaka darzana kI mahimA kA ullekha nimna rUpa meM kiyA haiMzuddha zraddhAnabina sarva kiriyA karI / 46 chAra (rAkha) para lIMpaNo teha jANo re // 49 paM0 daulatarAma jI ne 'chahaDhAlA 50 meM darzana ko mukti mandira meM pahu~cane kA prathama sopAna kahA hai- ve kahate haiM

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160 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana mokSamahala kI parathama sIr3hI yA vina jJAna critraa| samyakatA na lahai so darzana, dhAro bhavya pvitraa|| __ aMguttaranikAya1-prathama nipAta, gotA-zAMkarabhASya52 aura manusmRti53 meM bhI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyagdarzana kA mahattva mAnA gayA hai| AcArAGga ke 'jAssaddhANikkhaMto tameva aNupAliA' kI bhA~ti gItA bhI 'zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM' kahakara zraddhA ke mahattva ko svIkAra karatI hai tathA yaha bhI kahatI hai ki 'zraddhAmayo'yaM puruSo yo yacchaddha sa eva saH54 jo puruSa zraddhAmaya hotA hai, usakI jaisI zraddhA hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai| yajurveda meM bhI kahA hai 'zraddhayA satyamApyate55 zraddhA se hI satya kI prApti hotI hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa meM kahA hai 'zraddhA me'kSiti arthAt merI zraddhA akSaya ho kyoMki zraddhA se ho deva devatva ko prApta karate ___ isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga kI dRSTi se AdhyAtma sAdhanA meM samyagdarzana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai aura yahIM se sAdhanA ko zuruAta hotI hai| samyagdarzana se hI sAdhya kI prApti hotI hai| samyagdarzanapUrvaka samAcarita AcaraNa hI samyagcAritra ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| darzana ke abhAva meM jJAna aura cAritra donoM samyaka nahIM raha paate| samyagajJAna : jaina paramparA meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM jJAna mukti prApti kA sAdhana hai| kintu kauna sA jJAna mukti-prApti ke lie upAdeya hai, yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai / yadyapi AcArAGga meM spaSTaH jJAna se saMbandhita carcA svatantra rUpa se nahIM hai, kintu usameM 'tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA',58 'Agaya paNNANANaM...',59 'savvasamaNNA gaya paNNANehi appANehiM--'60 NANabhaTThA dasaNalUsiNo--1 je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai--62 saMsayaM parijANa to saMsAre--63 je AyA se viNNAyA--64 Adi aneka prAsaMgika prayoga dekhe jA sakate haiN| __ AcArAGgasUtra ke ina prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki paravartI jaina sAhitya meM jisa prakAra jJAna kA vistRta vivecana yA prakriyA vyavasthita evaM paribhASA rUpa meM dRSTigata hotI hai, vaha AcArAGga ke ina prayogoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| AcArAGga meM 'jJAna' ke

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 161 lie 'mai', 'suya', 'Agama', 'NANa', 'viNNANe', 'NANI', 'paNNA', 'paNNANa', 'pariNA', 'viNNAyA' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| aneka sthaloM para 'jANai-pAsai' zabda bhI prayukta hue haiM aura yaha AcArAMga kA ati prAcInatama rUpa hai| isase 'darzana' aura 'jJAna' donoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jJAna-sambandhI vivecana paribhASAbaddha rUpa meM nahIM hai, kintu sarva sAdhAraNa ke vyavahAroM ke anukUla hai| isI se AcArAMga kI prAcInatA svataH siddha hai| saMbhavataH inhIM vicAroM ke AdhAra para dhIre-dhIre jJAna kA svarUpa, prakAra Adi paribhASAbaddha, vyavasthita rUpa meM vikasita evaM susthira hote gye| satya prApti ko khoja kA prathama caraNa-sandeha ( jijJAsA ): AcArAMga meM sacce jJAna kI prApti ke lie sandeha ( saMzaya ) para bala diyA gayA hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki jo saMzaya ko jAnatA hai vaha samyaktayA saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai-jJeya kA jJAna aura heya kA parityAga kara detA hai aura jo saMzaya ko nahIM jAnatA hai vaha saMsAra ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA hai|5 saMzayAtmaka jJAna se hI saMsAra ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| jaba taka kisI padArtha ke sambandha meM saMzaya nahIM hotA, taba taka usake sambandha meM jJAna ke naye-naye unmeSa nahIM khulate haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra saMzaya kA tAtparya hai-vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane kI icchA ( jijJAsA vRtti ) aura yaha jijJAsAmUlaka sandeha manuSya ke jJAna kI abhivRddhi kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai| saMzaya ( jijJAsA) darzana kA mUla hai| jinake mana meM saMzaya yA jijJAsA nahIM hotI, vaha satya ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga saMzaya ko satya kI upalabdhi kA eka mahattvapUrNa caraNa mAnatA hai| isa sandarbha meM 'na saMzayamAruhya naro bhadrANi pazyati' yaha nItisUtra AcArAMga kI bhA~ti jijJAsA pradhAna saMzaya kA samarthana karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, pAzcAtya dArzanika bhI darzana kA Arambha Azcarya yA jijJAsA se mAnate haiN| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI yaha jijJAsA-paddhati ( saMzaya paddhati ) kAphI kucha upayogI pratIta hotI hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya kA kathana hai ki yaha saMzaya yA jijJAsA do prakAra kI hotI hai-eka arthagata aura dUsarI anarthagata / mokSa evaM mokSa ke upAyabhUta tapa-saMyama Adi ko jijJAsA vRtti ko athagata saMzaya tathA saMsAra aura saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke kAraNoM kI jijJAsA vRtti ko anarthagata saMzaya kahate haiM / vastutaH jJAna ke vikAsa kI yAtrA donoM prakAra

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162 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana ke sandehoM se hI prArambha hotI hai| saMsAra aura mokSa ke yathArtha svarU pakA parijJAtA ( anubhavI) hI jJeya kA jJAna aura heya kA parityAgakara sakatA hai / isIlie AcArAMgakAra ko yaha kahanA par3A ki saMzaya se hI saMsAra ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| saMsAra kA artha hai-janmamaraNa kI paramparA / jaba taka mana meM yaha jijJAsA nahIM hotI hai ki vaha sukhada hai yA duHkhada, taba taka usakA krama calatA rahegA / jaba usake prati sandehAtmaka jijJAsA utpanna hogI tabhI vyakti jJa-parijJA se saMsAra kI niHsAratA kA yathArthabodha kara arthAt saMsAra aura saMsAra ke hetubhUta mithyAtva, avirati Adi ko jAnakara pratyAkhyAna-parijJA se nivRtta ho sakatA hai| jise saMsAra ke svarUpa ke prati saMzayAtmaka jijJAsA hI nahIM hotI, use saMsAra kI asAratA kA yathArthabodha yA jJAna hI nahIM hotA / phalataH saMsAra se unakI nivRtti bhI nahIM ho sakatI hai / 16 saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai| usa ananta kA jJAna ananta hI kara sakatA hai| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki jisane kisI eka vastu ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAna liyA hai, vaha anya sabhI vastuoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAna sakatA hai| AcArAMgakAra ne eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta prastuta kiyA hai-'je egaM jANai, se savvaM jANai / je savvaM jANai se egaM jaanni,| jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAnatA hai aura jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| vizva ke sampUrNa padArthoM ke ananta guNadharmoM aura usake anantaparyAyoM ko pUrNarUpa se jAnane kA sAmarthya kevalajJAna ke sivA kisI bhI jJAna meM nahIM hai| ataH kevalajJAna, jJAna kA pUrNa vikAsa hai, vaha ananta hai| isIlie usameM ananta ko jAnane kI zakti hai / usa zakti kI pUrNa abhivyakti hI manuSya jIvana kA antima sAdhya hai| isa AtmA meM ananta jJAna aura zakti svabhAva se hI vidyamAna hai, kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svarUpa hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI kalpanA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| jJAna hI AtmA hai aura AtmA hI jJAna hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTataH nirdezita hai ki jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai, vaha AtmA hai| isa prakAra tattvataH AtmA aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jJAna ke dvArA vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa arthAt jar3a cetana kA bheda spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jainadharma meM mUlataH do tattva (padArtha ) mAne gaye haiM-cetana (jIva) aura acetana ( ajIva ) jagat ke sabhI (rUpI-arUpI ) padArtha ina do

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 163 tattvoM meM samAhita haiM aura ina donoM meM itanA ghaniSTha sambandha hai ki eka kA jJAna hone para dUsare kA parijJAna ho jAtA hai| jaba vyakti Atmacintana karatA hai, usake svarUpa ko jAnane kA prayAsa karatA hai to vaha sahaja hI anya tattvoM se samyakatayA paricita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra Atma svarUpa kA jJAtA anya tattvoM ko bhI samyaka rUpa se jAna letA hai| eka tattva ke samyaka parijJAna se saba tattvoM kA tathA saba tattvoM ke parijJAna se eka tattva kA parijJAna ho jAtA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki eka ke sAtha aneka yA samasta kA sambandha jur3A huA hai aura aneka yA sabameM eka samAhita hai| isIlie kahA hai ki eka kA bodha hone para aneka kA bodha sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra vyakti ajJAnAvaraNa ko dUra kara pUrNa jJAna ko prApta kara letA hai / samyaka jJAna ( Right Knowledge ) kA artha : samyaka jJAna kA artha hai AtmA kA jJAna, apane vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kA yathArthajJAna / vastutaH yaha samyaka jJAna ho 3 Atma sukha kA kAraNa hai| Atma-vijJAna kI upalabdhi hone ke bAda anya kisI jJAna kI upalabdhi apekSita nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM jJAna kI vipulatA apekSita hai| saMkSepa meM AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai, karma kyA hai, Asrava aura bandhana kyA hai, AtmA karmoM ke sAtha Abaddha kyoM hotI hai tathA usa bandhana se vaha mukta kaise ho sakatI hai Adi tattvoM kA yathArtha paribodha ho jAnA hI samyaka jJAna hai| isake viparIta ayathArtha bodha mithyAjJAna hai| eka Atmatattva ko samagra rUpa se jAna lene para zeSa sabhI tattvoM kA bodha apane Apa ho jAtA hai / samyak jJAna hone kA suphala yahI hai ki AtmA vaibhAvika dazA ko chor3akara apane svabhAva meM sthira ho jAya, vikalpa aura vikAroM ko chor3akara svasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAya / isa taraha AcArAMga kI dRSTi se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyak jJAna kA vaisA hI mahattva hai jaisA samyagdarzana kaa| paM0 daulatarAmajI samyak jJAna kI mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM 'jo pUrava ziva gaye, jAhIM aba Age jaiheM, so saba mahimA jJAnatanI, muninAtha kahaihaiM / '69 vaidika paramparA meM bhI jIvana vikAsa ke lie samyak jJAna ko sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| muNDakopaniSad meM kahA hai ki brahmavidyA ( adhyAtma vidyA ) hI samasta vidyAoM ko pratiSThA hai| yAjJavalkya

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164 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana smRti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'ayaM tu paramodharmaH yadyogena Atma-darzanam' yahI zreSTha dharma hai jisake yoga se Atmadarzana hotA hai| mahAbhArata, (zAntiparva) meM nirdezita hai ki 'AtmajJAnaM paraM jJAnaM', gItA to AtmajJAna ke saMbaMdha meM kahatI hai ki 'yajjJAtvA neha bhUyo'nyajJAtavyamavaziSyate' isa eka kA jJAna ho jAne para kucha bhI jJAtavya nahIM raha jAtA hai / manusmRti meM kahA hai 'sarveSAmapi caiteSAmAtmajJAnaM paraM smRtaM tadyagreya sarvavidyAnAM prApyate hyamRtaM tataH' arthAt sabhI jJAnoM meM AtmajJAna hI uttama hai vahI una sabhI meM pramukha hai| isake dvArA parama (amRta) pada ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai| zukranIti05 meM kahA hai ki isa AtmavidyA ke dvArA sukha-duHkha, harSa-zoka yA rAga-dveSa kI prahANi kI jA sakatI hai / samyak cAritra : ___adhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM 'darzana' aura 'jJAna' ke bAda mukti ke lie cAritra (AcaraNa) paramAvazyaka hai| AcArAMga kI dRSTi se cAritra kA ekamAtra uddezya hai, AtmA ko bandhana se mukta kara, carama evaM parama Adarza mokSa prApta krnaa| samyak cAritra kA nizcayAtmaka artha hai, svasvarUpa meM ramaNa krnaa| __ jaina darzana meM cAritra ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM-vyavahAra cAritra (bAhyacAritra ) aura nizcaya cAritra ( Antara cAritra ) / inheM kramazaH dravya-cAritra aura bhAvacAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie ukta donoM prakAra ke cAritra kI sAdhanA apekSita hai| AcArAGga meM donoM kA spaSTa nAma nirdeza to nahIM milatA hai, kintu donoM se sambandhita tathyoM kA vivecana avazya upalabdha hai| AcArAMga meM nizcaya cAritra ke rUpa meM 'samatA' 'svasvarUpa ramaNatA' kA vivecana hai aura vyavahAra cAritra ke antargata AcaraNa ke bAhya vidhi-vidhAnoM, niyamopaniyamoM kA nirUpaNa hai| 'samiti', gupti, 'parISaha-jaya', 'indriya-nigraha', 'tapa-dhyAna' 'samAdhi', vrata-niyama-saMyama Adi jo sAdhana ( upAya ) Antara yA naizcayika cAritra ke poSaka haiM, ve vyavahAra cAritra ke rUpa meM sAdhaka ke lie upAdeya mAne gae haiM / __ vyavahAracAritra, nizcayacAritra ko prApta karanekA sAdhana hai / vyavahAra kA sambandha bAhya zuddhi ke kAraNabhUta AcAra-niyamoM se hai| sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se vyavahAra cAritra hI pramukha hai| isakA vistRta vivecana zramaNAcAra sambandhI adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai, jabaki nizcaya cAritra

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AcArAMga kA muktimArga : 165 kA sambandha vyakti ke Antarika manobhAvoM se hai / yaha AtmA kA hI eka pariNAma hai| AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kA mUlAdhAra yaha nizcaya cAritra hI hai / AtmA kA jo antarAbhimukhI rahane yA Atma-ramaNatA kA svabhAva hai, yaho nizcaya cAritra hai| AcArAMga meM vastutaH ise hI 'aNaNNArAmI' yA svAtmaramaNatA kI sthiti kahA gayA hai| isameM bAhyAbhimukhI indriya aura mana ko sameTa kara yA Atmadarzana kI dizA meM lagAkara svasvarUpa (samatA) ko upalabdhi kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| samatA se AtmA ko viprasAdita kiyA jAtA hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra nizcaya dRSTi se samyaka cAritra kA vAstavika artha svasvarUpa yA samatA kI upalabdhi hai| vaiyaktika jIvana meM svasvarUpa samatA kI upalabdhi ho cAritra kA naizcayika pakSa hai aura yaha samatva rUpa naizcayika cAritra hI mukti-mahala kA antima sopAna mAnA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra AdhyAtmika utkrAnti isI naizcayika cAritra yA AcaraNa ke Antarika pakSa para avalambita hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, prajJA aura samAdhi dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ye mukti-mArga kI sAdhanA ke tIna aMga hai| ina tInoM ko samanvita sAdhanA se ho sAdhya siddha hotA hai| sandarbha-sUcI adhyAya 6 1. AcArAMga, 1/6/1. 2. vahI, 1/4/4. 3. vahI, 1/5/6. 4. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/12/11. 5. AcArAMga, 1/6/5. 6. vahI, 1/3/2. 7. vahI, 1/3/2. 8. vahI, 1/3/2. 9. vahI, 1/6 / 5. 10. vahI, 1/5/3. 11. vaho, 1/4/4, 1/4/3, 1/2/6. 12. vahI, 1/3/4. 13. vahI, 1/2/4. 14. vahI, 1/2/4. 15. vaho, 1/5/6 16. vahI, 1/2/4. 17. vahI, 1/2/4. 18. vahI, 1/5/5. 19. AcArAMga, 1/4/1 para zIlAMka TIkA patrAMka, 158. 20. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, khaNDa 4, pR0 24, 25. 21. yogazAstra prakAza, 3/2. 22. navatattvadIpikA, gA* 52.

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166 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 23. bRhadravyasaMgraha, gA0 41. 24. AcArya vasunandi, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, ___banArasa-4, prathama AvRtti, san 1952, gA0 6. 25. darzanapAhuDa, gA0 20. 26. tattvArthasUtra, 1/2 27. AcArAMga, 1/3/4 28. vahI, 1/6/2 29. vahI, 1/3/3 30. AcArAMga, 1/3/2. 31. gItA, 18/66. 32. vahI, 18/57. 33. vahI, 18/58. 34. vahI, 18/66. 35. paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI, jainadharma kA prANa, sastA sAhitya maMDala, naI dillI, prathama AvRtti, san 1965, pR0 24. 36. uttarAdhyayana, 25/27. 37. AcArAMga, 115 / 3. 38. moNaM sammaM / vahI, 1/5/2. 39. AcArAMga, 1/1/3. 40. vahI, 1/6 / 2 41. vahI, 1/5/5. 42. AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 221. 43. saMpA0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, jJAtAdharmakathA, zrItrilokarala sthAnaka vAsI jainadhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI (ahamadanagara), prathamAvRtti, san 1964, a0 1 sU0 45. 44. uttarAdhyayana, 28/29. 45. mahAnizotha-2. 46. darzanapAhuDa-gA0 20. 47. samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, TIkA0 AcArya prabhAcandra, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa-vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1972; 1/18. 48. aSTaprAbhRta-darzanaprAbhRta, 3. 49. Anandaghana granthAvalI, amaranAtha jinastavana pada 5. 50. chahaDhAlA, 3/17. 51. aMguttaranikAya-prathamanipAta, 10/12/5. 52. gItA-zAMkarabhASya, 18 / 12, 4 / 39. 53. manusmRti, 6 / 74. 54. gItA, 1713. 55. yajurveda, 19130. 56. taittirIya brAhmaNa, 3 / 77. 57. vahI, 3 / 12 / 3. 58. AcArAMga, 111 / 2-6. 59. vahI, 16 / 4. 60. vahI, 1 / 5 / 3. 61. vahI, 1 / 6 / 4. 62. vahI, 1 / 6 / 4. 63. vahI, 115 / 1. 64. vahI, 115 / 6. 65. vahI, 1 / 5 / 1. 66. vahI, 1 / 5 / 1 para zIlAMka TIkA patrAMka 181. 67. AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 4. 68. vahI, 1 / 5 / 6. 69. chahaDhAlA, DhAla-4, gA0 6-7. 70. muNDakopaniSad, 1 / 11.

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AcArAGga kA muktimArga : 167 71. maharSi yAjJavalkya, yAjJavalkyasmRti ( mitAkSarA vyAkhyA sahita ) anu0 DA0 umeza candra pANDeya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vidyA vilAsa presa, vArANasI-1, prathama saMskaraNa, 1967, 1 / 1 / 8. 72. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 73. gItA, 7 / 2. 74. manusmRti, 12 / 85. 75. maharSi zukrAcArya, zukranIti (vidyotanI hindI vyAkhyopetA), vyAkhyA0 brahmazaMkara mizra, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI-1, prathama saMskaraNa, 1968; 11152.

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saptama adhyAya paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana ahiMsA ko sArvabhaumikatA yA prAthamikatA : sampUrNa bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM meM pA~ca vratoM, yamoM athavA zIloM ko mAnava jIvana athavA cAritra kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| ye cAritra ke mUlabhUta aMga haiM / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha na kevala vyaktigata jIvana ke lie, apitu samagra mAnava-jIvana ke lie anivArya haiM, kyoMki inake binA samAja kA saMtulana nahIM raha sktaa| ina pA~ca vratoM meM ahiMsA prathama sthAnIya hai| ___adhyAtmavAdI prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM ne eka svara se ahiMsA ko paramadharma kahA hai aura usako varIyatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ahiMsA bhAratIya saMskRti hI nahIM mAnavIya sabhyatA kA prANabhUta tattva hai / ahiMsA kisI vyakti, jAti, varga deza yA kAla se ba~dhI huI nahIM hai / ataH use sArvabhauma dharma ( mahAvrata) kahA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai 'esa dhammeM suddhe nicce sAsae' arthAt ahiMsA sArvabhauma hai| yoga-darzana' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'jAti dezakAla-samayA'navacchinnAH sArvabhaumAH mahAvratam' arthAt ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kisI jAti-vizeSa, deza vizeSa, avasthA-vizeSa yA kAla-vizeSa taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu samagra mAnava jAti ko sabhI paristhitiyoM aura sabhI kAloM meM isakA pAlana ( AcaraNa ) karanA caahie| __ sabhI dharmazAstra ahiMsA ke mahattva ke sambandha meM eka mata haiM, bhale hI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA ko lekara una sabameM ekarUpatA na ho| yaha bhI satya hai ki ahiMsA kI sArvabhauma svIkRti to huI, kintu ahiMsakaAcaraNa kA vikAsa saba dharmoM meM samAna rUpa se nahIM huA hai, yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko bhAvanA : AcAra ga meM hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke jisa vyApaka svarUpa kA nirUpaNa haA hai, vaha atyanta sUkSma evaM gambhIra hai| usameM SaTkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA ke niSedha ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA kA carama vikAsa

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 169 dRSTigata hotA haiM / itanA hI nahoM, usameM ahiMsA ke vidhAyaka pahalU para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vastutaH ahiMsA AcArAMga kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA sArabhUta tattva hai / AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana guptiyoM ke dvArA aura vidheyAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana samitiyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ AcArAMga meM pratipAdita ahiMsA ke svarUpa kI nirNAyikA 'Atmaupamya' dRSTi kA vivecana kiyA jaayegaa| 'Atmaupamya' zabda kA artha hai-saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM meM Atmavat buddhi kA honA / jaba yaha Atmavat buddhi prANimAtra ke prati jAgRta ho jAtI hai to sAdhaka dUsaroM ke prati vaisA hI AcaraNa karatA hai, jaisA vaha dUsaroM se apane lie cAhatA hai| vaha jAnatA hai ki pratyeka prANI sukha kI kAmanA karatA hai aura duHkha se dUra rahanA cAhatA hai| ataH prANi-mAtra kI AtmAoM ke prati jaba Atmavat buddhi ho jAtI hai to sAdhaka dUsare prANiyoM ko arucikara saba prakAra kI hiMsAtmaka bhAvanAoM se virata ho jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM vizvabandhutva kI paricAyikA isa Atmaupamya dRSTi kA pratipAdana nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| ___ AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki pratyeka jIva sukhAbhilASI hai aura duHkha se bhayabhIta hai| ataH kisI ko hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / manuSya jaisA apane sambandha meM socatA hai vaisA ho use dUsaroM ke sambandha meM socanA caahie| svarUpataH vizva kI samasta AtmAe~ eka samAna haiN| isa samAnatA ko jAnakara vaha hiMsA se dUra rhe| apane sukha-duHkha kA parijJAtA vyakti hI dUsare kI pIr3A ko samajha sakatA hai, dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana, svasaMvedana ke AdhAra para hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA sambandhI vicAra bahata spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita hai| yathA-kisI kI hiMsA mata karo, kisI ko pIr3A mata pahu~cAo, sabako samAna samajho, sabake sAtha Atma-tulyatA kA vyavahAra kro|' muni loka ke svarUpa ko jAne arthAt bAhya-jagat meM vyApta samasta jIvoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samajha kara kisI bhI jIva kA hanana na to svayaM kare aura na dUsaroM se krvaae| jo vyakti Asakti pUrvaka Amoda-pramodake nimitta jIvoM kI hatyA karatA hai, vaha apane lie vaira bar3hAtA hai| ahiMsAvato to yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM dIkSita hokara kisI bhI prANo kI hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa| vaha matimAna yaha jAnatA evaM mAnatA hai ki sabhI jIva abhaya cAhate haiN| isa Atma-tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para

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170 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana vaha kisI bhI prANI ko hiMsA karane ke lie pravRtta nahIM hotaa| vastutaH jo hiMsA nahIM karatA, vahI vratI hai aura jo vratI hai, vahI saccA anagAra kahalAtA hai| aisA jAgrata, vaira evaM bhaya se rahita uparata, saMyamI, vIra kahA jAtA hai / vaha sabakA mitra hotA hai / isa prakAra vIratA evaM maitrIpUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA sAdhaka antataH sabhI duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki AgamAnusAra AcaraNa karane vAlA zraddhAvAna medhAvI sAdhaka SaTakAyarUpa loka ko jAnakara abhaya ho jAtA hai arthAt vaha na to svayaM kisI se bhayabhIta hotA hai aura na kisI ko bhayabhIta karatA hai| isake viparIta ArambhI manuSya sadA bhayabhIta rahatA hai / '' ataH jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI ke hanana kI icchA mata kro|12 isa prakAra AcArasaMga meM sthAna-sthAna para ahiMsA kA svara mukharita hai| vibhinna dharmo meM ahiMsA ko avadhAraNA : AcArAMga ke sandarbha meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyA karane ke pUrva hameM vibhinna dharma-granthoM meM pratipAdita ahiMsA ke mahattva ko bhI saMkSepa meM samajha lenA ucita hogaa| bhagavAna buddha kahate haiM ki daNDa aura mRtyu sabake lie kaSTakara hote haiM / ataH sabako apane samAna samajhakara kisI kI hiMsA mata kro| sabako apanA jIvana priya hai, sabhI sukhecchu haiM / aisA samajhakara jo dUsaroM ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA hai, vaha sukhAbhilASo vyakti agale janma meM sukha pAtA hai tathA jaisA maiM hU~, vaise ye haiM, isa prakAra sabhI ko Atmavat samajhakara kisI kA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie aura na dUsaroM se karavAnA caahie|14 jo vyakti ahiMsAmaya saMyamita jIvanayApana karatA hai, use acyuta pada ko prApti hotI hai| vahA~ pahu~cakara vaha kabhI duHkhI nahIM hotA / 5 vaidika dharma meM bhI uttarottara kAla meM jaina evaM bauddha paramparAoM ke prabhAva se ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA milatI gii| mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA ko paramadharma, paramatapa, paramasaMyama, paramamitra tathA paramasukha kahA hai| anuzAsana parva meM kahA hai ki isa vizva meM apane prANoM se pyArI anya koI vastu nahIM hai| jisa prakAra manuSya apane Upara dayA rakhatA hai, usI prakAra se dUsaroM para bhI rakhanI caahie| ahiMsA hI ekamAtra dharma hai, ahiMsA sabase zreSTha dharma hai kyoMki isase sabhI prANiyoM kI rakSA

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paMcamahAbatoM kA naitika darzana : 171 hotI hai| pataMjali ke yogasUtra meM bhI kahA hai ki 'ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH' arthAt bhItara meM ahiMsA ke pratiSThita ho jAne para usake nikaTa saba prANI apanA svAbhAvika vaira bhAva tyAga dete haiN| kurAnazarIpha kI zuruAta ho 'bismillAha rahImAnurrahIma' se huI hai aura allAha ko karuNA-mUrti batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra usameM bhI kisI sImA taka ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA pAI jAtI hai / 19 mahAtmA IsA ne bhI kahA hai ki 'tU talavAra myAna meM rakha le kyoMki jo loga talavAra calAte haiM, ve sabhI talavAra se hI naSTa kiye jaayeNge'| usameM yaha bhI kahA hai ki tuma apane duzmana se bhI prema karo, aura jo tumheM satAte haiM, unake lie bhI prArthanA kro|20 / yahUdI dharma meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki kisI AdamI ke AtmasammAna ko coTa nahIM pahu~cAnI caahie| logoM ke sAmane kisI AdamI ko apamAnita karanA utanA hI bar3A pApa hai, jitanA ki usakA khUna kara denaa|' prANi-mAtra ke prati nirvaira bhAva kI preraNA dete hue kahA hai ki apane mana meM kisI ke prati vaira bhAva mata rakho / 22 isI taraha lAotse bhI kahate haiM ki 'jo loga mere prati acchA vyavahAra nahIM karate haiM, unake prati bhI maiM acchA vyavahAra karatA hU~' / 23 kanphyUziyasa ne bhI kahA hai ki 'jo cIja tumheM nApasanda hai, vaha dUsare ke lie haragija mata karo' / 25 ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jisa ahiMsA ko mahAvIra ne puSpita, pallavita evaM vikasita kiyA usakA vizva ke samasta dharma evaM darzanoM meM sthAna hai / sabhI dharmoM dvArA svIkRta ahiMsA eka aisI kar3I hai, jo vizva ke samasta dharmoM ko pArasparika ekatA evaM sadbhAva ke sUtra meM Abaddha kara deto hai| ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke lie hiMsA ko bhI samajha lenA nitAnta Avazyaka hai ! 'ahiMsA' hiMsA ke abhAva meM hI phalita ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA kA sAmAnya artha hai--hiMsA kA abhAva / ataH ahiMsA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane ke pahale hiMsA kA artha, svarUpa, prakAra, kAraNa Adi pahaluoM para bhI samucita rUpa se vicAra kara lenA ucita hogaa| hiMsA kA artha: ___hiMsA' zabda hananArthaka 'hiMsi' dhAtu se banA hai / sAmAnyatayA hiMsA

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172 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana kA artha hotA hai-kisI ko mAranA yA staanaa| AcArAMga meM hiMsA ke lie prAyaH 'prANAtipAta' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai / 'prANAtipAta' kA artha hai-prANa + atipAta arthAt prANI ke prANoM kA atipAta yA nAza karanA / paravartI jaina granthoM ke samAna 'pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA, 'hiMsA ko spaSTa paribhASA to upalabdha nahIM hotI kintu inhIM bhAvoM se gabhita vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti isa jIvana ke prati pramatta hai vaha pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvoM kA hanana, chedana-bhedana, grAmaghAta tathA prANaghAta karatA hai / 25 anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai ki viSayAtura manuSya svayaM jIvoM kI hiMsA - karate haiM, dUsaroM se karavAte tathA hiMsA karane vAle kA samarthana karate haiM / 2 / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra pramAda-yukta hokara prANiyoM kA hanana evaM chedana-bhedana karanA hiMsA hai| uparyukta paribhASA se yaha spaSTaH samajhA jA sakatA hai ki kevala kisI kA prANa-vadha karanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai apitu hiMsA kA saMkalpa bhI hiMsA hai| hiMsA meM sarvaprathama mana kA vyApAra 'saMkalpa' hotA hai phira vacana aura kAyA kA / pramAdI vyakti ke mana meM pahale hiMsA kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai, phira vaha use kArya rUpa meM pariNita karatA hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga ke anusAra viSaya-kaSAya yA pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara jo prANa-vadha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI hiMsA kA vAstavika lakSaNa hai / itanA hI nahIM, kaSAya yA pramAda svayaM bhI hiMsA hai| paravartI jaina granthakAroM ne kaSAya yA pramAda bhAva ko sva-hiMsA yA bhAva-hiMsA aura prANa-vadha ko dravya-hiMsA kahA hai / kaSAya yA pramAda mAnasika hiMsA hai aura prANaghAta kAyika hiNsaa| AcArAMga hiMsA ke ukta donoM rUpoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| hiMsA ke rUpa-dravya aura bhAva : sAmAnyataH AcArAGga meM dravya-hiMsA aura bhAva-hiMsA kI spaSTa vyAkhyA yA prarUpaNa nahIM hai, kintu usameM hiMsA aura ahiMsA sambandhI jo vizada carcAe~ haiM unase bhI hiMsA kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| AcArAGga meM sAdhaka ko kRta kArita evaM anumodita tathA manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA kisI bhI rUpa meM jIva kI hiMsA karane kA niSedha hai / 27 isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga ke anusAra mAnasika hiMsA athavA kaSAya evaM pramAda hI bhAva-hiMsA aura kAyika hiMsA ho dravya-hiMsA hai| jaise ho

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 173 antara meM mArane kI vRtti jAgRta hotI hai, rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA udbhUta hotI hai aura vahA~ nizcita rUpa se hiMsA ho hI jAtI hai| bhale hI, phira bAhyarUpa kisI kA prANa-vadha ho yA na ho| dUsare zabdoM meM mana meM kaSAyavRtti yA pramAda-bhAva kA jAgRta ho jAnA hI bhAva-hiMsA hai aura vahI bandhana hai| AcArAGga meM hiMsA kA eka dUsarA rUpa bhI varNita hai aura vaha hai-drvy-hiNsaa| dravya-hiMsA meM kisI jIva kA prANa-ghAta hotA hai| yadi usa prANa-ghAta meM mana kI duSpravRtti nahIM jur3atI hai, pramAda aura rAga-dveSAdi kA saMkalpa nahIM hai to vaha prANa-ghAta bAhya rUpa meM hiMsA hote hue bhI hiMsA nahIM hai kyoMki usase karma-bandhana nahIM hotA hai / mUlataH karma-bandha rAga-dveSa-moha, pramAda Adi mAnasika vRttiyoM se hotA hai| sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki vItarAgI (zuddhAtmA) ko isIlie to koI karma bandha yA vyavahAra nahIM hotA,28 kyoMki unakA rAga-dveSa ( karmoM ke upAdAna kAraNa ) naSTa ho gayA hotA hai / 29 ataH jo samyak draSTA hai vaha pApa karma nahIM krtaa| vastuta. bandhana moha meM hai, rAga-dveSa meM hai, aura pramAda-dazA meM hai| pramAda-dazA se kisI jIva kA prANa-ghAta karanA ho hiMsA mAnA gayA hai| AcArAGga meM Asakti kaSAya evaM pramAda-dazA ko hiMsA kA kAraNa banAkara isa tathya ko spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki hiMsA kA mUla Antarika vRttiyA~ haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai ki prANa-ghAta sthUla kriyA hai aura pramAda-yoga sUkSma kriyA hai| prANaghAta dravya-hiMsA aura pramAda yoga bhAva-hiMsA kahI jAtI hai| bhAva-hiMsA ekAnta hiMsA hai, jabaki dravya-hiMsA ekAnta hiMsA nahIM hai / bhAva-hiMsA kI vidyamAnatA meM hone vAlI sthUla hisA ho vAstava meM hiMsA hai|30 pramAda Adi dUSita mAnasika saMkalpoM se sarvaprathama to hantA kA AtmaghAta hotA hai aura bAda meM vaha dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahu~cAtA hai / isa sandarbha meM pUjyapAda svAmI kA kathana hai ki pramAdI vyakti apane hiMsAtmaka bhAvoM kI sva-hiMsA pahale hI kara DAlatA hai usake bAda dUsare jIvoM kI hiMsA ho athavA na ho|' puruSArthasiddhayapAya meM ThIka yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / 32 jaina darzana meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke prazna ko lekara cAra vikalpa kie gae haiM-(1) bhAva-hiMsA ho, kintu dravya-hisA na ho, (2) dravya-hiMsA ho, parantu bhAva-hiMsA na ho, (3) dravya-hiMsA bhI ho aura bhAva-hiMsA bhI ho (4) tathA dravya-hiMsA bhI na ho aura bhAva-hiMsA bhI na ho| ina cAra vikalpoM meM prathama vikalpa arthAt dravya hiMsA ke abhAva meM mAtra bhAva-hiMsA (hiMsA kA saMkalpa ) ko AcArAMgakAra hiMsA kI koTi meM svIkAra

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174 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana karatA hai, kintu dUsare vikalpa arthAt jahA~ dravya-hiMsA ho kintu bhAvahiMsA na ho, ko AcArAMgakAra hiMsA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| sUtrakAra kahatA hai-eka sAdhaka apanI jIvana yAtrA taya kara rahA hai| usake antarmana meM hiMsA-vRtti nahIM hai| yadyapi vaha pUrI sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pratyeka pravRtti karatA hai, phira bhI hiMsA ho jAtI hai aura yaha sahI bhI hai ki jaba taka AtmA aura deha kA sambandha hai, mana-vacana aura kAyika yogoM kA vyApAra cAlU hai, taba taka hiMsA ruka bhI kaise sakatI hai ? AdhyAtmika utkrAnti ( guNasthAna ) kI terahavIM bhamikA taka bhI aMzata hiMsA hotI rahatI hai, arthAt hiMsA kA yaha krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai yaha bAta AcArAMga Adi AgamoM meM varNita hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA-ina tIna yogoM kI pravRtti jaba taka calatI rahegI, taba taka zubha yA azubha karma bandha hotA rhegaa| AcArAMga TIkA ke anusAra terahaveM guNa sthAnavartI muniyoM se bhI kAya-yoga kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa hiMsA ho jAtI hai / 33 mAtra yahI nahIM, jIvana ke sAmAnya vyavahAra ke sampAdana meM bhI hiMsA hotI hai| yadi muni vihAra kara rahA hai aura mArga meM nadI ho to vaha kyA kare ? AcArAMga ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM muni nAva meM baiTha sakatA hai, athavA nadI meM pAnI jaMghA-pramANa se adhika nahIM hai to vaha paidala bhI nadI pAra kara sakatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga meM isa sambandha meM bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai ki mani naukA meM kisa prakAra baiThe athavA kisa vidhi se nadI pAra kare, tAki hiMsA alpatama ho / phira bhI, cAhe naukA meM baiThakara nadI pAra kare athavA pAnI meM utarakara pAra kare, hiMsA se sarvathA bacanA asambhava hai| nadI pAra karane kI to bAta hI dUra, eka kadama calane meM bhI hiMsA hai| ata: isa sambandha meM karma-bandhana kA prazna upasthita hotA hai| AcArAMgakAra aisI sthiti meM vedanIya karma kA bandha mAnatA hai| TIkAkAroM kA kahanA hai ki aisI pramAda evaM kaSAya-rahita kriyAoM ke dvArA hone vAlI hiMsA se sAtAvedanIya yA IryApathika bandha hotA hai / AcArAMga meM vivekapUrvaka nadI pAra karane ke bAda muni ke lie koI prAyazcita nahIM batAyA gayA hai aura na usake lie IryApathikI pratikramaNa kA hI ullekha hai| vastutaH prAyazcita aura pratikramaNa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kArya ( kriyA) karane kA nahIM hotA hai, vaha to asAvadhAnI aura avivekapUrNa kriyA karane yA AcAra ke niyamoM kA atikramaNa karane kA hotA hai / 4 vRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki Agama vidhi se pravRtti nahIM kI gaI ho to usakI zuddhi ke lie

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 175 IryApathikI pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hai, anyathA pratikramaNa karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 31 vAstava meM, hiMsA kA mUla saMkalpa meM hai / jaba kisI ke prANa-viyojana meM mana kA duHsaMkalpa jur3atA hai, rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA preraka banatI hai taba hiMsA hotI hai| uparyukta kathana kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki kaSAya aura pramAda hI hiMsA kA mUla AdhAra hai| jo sAdhaka apramatta hai, phira bhI, yadi usake kArya-sparza se hiMsA ho jAtI hai to vaha kevala dravya-hiMsA hai, bhAva-hiMsA nhiiN| vaha dravya-hiMsA ( prANa-nAza ) hote hue bhI hiMsA nahIM mAnI jAtI hai / yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI yadi akasmAt kisI jIva kA prANa-ghAta ho jAye to kyA use karma-bandha hogA yA hiMsA kA doSa lagegA? isa sambandha meM AcArAMga meM do prakAra kI kriyAoM kA vicAra huA hai--Iprityaya yA IryApathikI aura sAmparAyika / karmAsrava ina donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM se hotA37 hai-pramAdabhAva se kI jAne vAlI sAmparAyika kriyA se tIvra bandha hotA hai aura bhavabhramaNa bhI bar3hatA hai jabaki kaSAya rahita hokara apramatta bhAva se kI jAne vAlI IpithikI kriyA se atyalpa karmabandha hotA hai| __AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki IryApathikI aura sAmparAyika kriyAoM meM prANa-vadha kI kriyA samAna hone para bhI karma-bandhana eka jaisA nahIM hotA, apitu vyakti kI tIvra-maMda kaSAya aura bhAvadhArA ke anurUpa baMdha hotA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra yatnapUrvaka gamana karate hue ( guNasamita ) apramAdI muni ke zarIra ke sparza se prANI paritApa pAte haiM, glAni pAte haiM athavA mara jAte haiN| vaha bhikSu usa karma-phala ko vartamAna jIvana meM vedana karake kSaya kara detA hai| pramatta muni ke dvArA hone vAlI vaha hiMsA tIvra karmabandha kA kAraNa hotI hai tathA bhava bhramaNa ko bar3hAtI hai|" zIlAMkakRta TIkA meM isa tathya ko adhika spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zolAMka ne likhA hai--zailezI dazA prApta ( ayogI ) muni ke kAya-sparza se prANI ke prANa-viyojana hone para bhI karma-bandha nahIM hotA, kyoMki vahA~ bandhana ke upAdAna kAraNa ( mana-vacana aura kAya ) yoga kA abhAva hai| mana-vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti vAle ( gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAnavartI ) vItarAgI muni ko mAtra do samaya kI sthiti vAlA karmabandha hotA hai| apramatta muni ke jaghanyataH antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTataH antaH koTAkoTi sthiti kA karmabandha hotA hai| vidhipUrvaka pravRtti karate hue pramatta muni se yadi akasmAt prANi-vadha ho jAtA

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176 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana hai to use jaghanyataH antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTataH antaH koTAkoTi sthiti kA karmabandha hotA hai aura vaha use uso bhava meM anubhava karake kSINa kara detA hai, kintu asAvadhAnI pUrvaka pravRtti karate hue pramatta muni se jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai tajjanya karmabandha prAyazcitta Adi samyak anuSThAna ke dvArA hI kSINa hotA hai|39 bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai ki vivekapUrvaka gamana-kriyA karate samaya yadi bhikSa ke paira ke nIce koI bhI jIva Akara yA dabakara mara jAe taba bhI usa bhikSu ko IryApathiko kriyA (puNyaprakRti ) kA bandha hotA hai, sAmparAyika kriyA kA bandha nahIM hotA hai|40 opaniyukti' aura mUlAcAra42 Adi granthoM meM bhI inhIM vicAroM kI puSTi kI gaI hai ki yatnapUrvaka gamana karate hue bhI yadi kabhI hiMsA ho jAtI hai to vaha pApa-bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotii| isa prakAra TIkAkAroM ne bhAva hiMsA ko hI pramukha mAnA hai, kintu dravya-hiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA ke sambandha meM AcArAMga kA spaSTa dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki kriyA cAhe IpithikI ho, yA sAmparAyika, donoM hI AdAna-srota haiM, isIlie unase nivRtta hone kA upadeza hai|43 dravya yA bhAva kaisI bhI hiMsA kyoM na ho, vaha naitika AcaraNa kA niyama nahIM hai| yadyapi saMkalpajanya hiMsA ( bhAva-hiMsA ) nikRSTatama hai kintu dravya-hiMsA kI upekSA bhI ucita nahIM hai| __ kaSAya ke abhAva meM IpithikI kriyA se hone vAlI hiMsA bhI hiMsA hai aura usase karma-bandha hotA hai / usa hiMsA se cAhe do samaya kI sthiti vAlA karma-bandha hI kyoM na ho, kintu vaha bhI karmoM ke Agamana kA srota hai| AcArAMga kA sarvopari upadeza to pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana hai, jahA~ na to hiMsA kI vRtti ho aura na hiMsA kA kRtya ho| ahiMsA kI yaha pUrNatA niSkampa zaileSI avasthA meM prApta hotI hai| hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNa : sAmAnyatayA yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki koI bhI vyakti kisI na kisa / preraNA se prerita hokara hI karma meM saMlagna hotA hai| AcArAMga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vyakti kina kAraNoM se hiMsA meM pravRtta hotA hai| usake aneka kAraNa batAe gae haiN| AcArAMgakAra kA kahanA hai ki ajJAnI aura viSayAtura manuSya nimna hetuoM se hiMsA karate haiM kucha loga 'jovo jIvasya bhojanam' yaha mAnakara apane isa kSaNika jovana ke lie, prazaMsA aura yaza ke lie,

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 177 kucha mAna-sammAna kI prApti ke lie, kucha pUjAdi ke nimitta annavastra, jala, patra-puSpa yA pazu-pakSI kA balidAna karake devI-devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke lie, kucha janma-mRtyu sambandhI bhojana ke lie athavA janma-maraNa tathA mukti ke lie aura kucha vyakti duHkha pratikAra ke lie aneka taraha kI sAvadha arthAt hiMsAtmaka pravRtti karate haiM, dUsaroM se karavAte haiM tathA karane vAloM kA anumodana karate haiM / 44 sUtrakAra sakAya kI hiMsA ke vividha prayojanoM ko batAte hue kahate haiM ki isa loka meM kucha vyakti devI-devatAoM kI pUjA ( bali va zarIra ke zRMgAra ) ke lie, jIva-hiMsA karate haiN| kucha manuSya carma ke lie, mAMga, rakta, hRdaya ( kalejA ), pitta, carbI, paMkha va pU~cha ke lie hiMsA karate haiM, kucha zRMga, viSANa ( suara ke dA~ta ), dA~ta, dAr3ha, nAkhUna, snAyu, asthi, majjA Adi padArthoM ko pAne ke lie prANiyoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| kucha prayojanavaza aura kucha niSprayojana hI jIva-vadha karate haiN| kucha vyakti 'inhoMne mere svajana varga kI hiMsA kI thI', isa pratizodha kI bhAvanA se hisA karate haiM / kucha vyakti ( mere svajanAdika) hiMsA kara rahe haiM, yaha socakara hiMsA karate haiM aura kucha ( 'ye mere svajanAdi kI hiMsA kareMge'45 ) isa bhAvI AtaMka kI sambhAvanA se vadha karate hai| hiMsA ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM AcArAMga meM anyatra bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki pramatta manuSya, saMyogArthI evaM arthalolupa banakara bArambAra zastra kA prayoga karatA hai / ve zarIra-bala, jJAti-bala, mitra-bala, laukika bala, devabala, rAja-bala, corabala, atithi-bala, kRSNa-bala Adi vividha prakAra ke kAryoM kI sampUrti ke lie hiMsA kA prayoga karate haiN| koI bhaya ke kAraNa, koI pApa se mukta hone ke lie athavA koI aprApta vastu kI prApti kI abhilASA se hiMsA karate haiN|46 jIvana kI AzaMsA rakhane vAle kucha vyakti isa niHsAra evaM kSaNabhaMgura jIvana ke lie vadha karate haiN| yaha bhI kahA hai ki vaha ajJAnI vyakti rogoM ke upazamanArtha bhI dUsare jIvoM ko hiMsA karatA hai / 47 hiMsA ke vividha rUpa : pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA-viSaya-kaSAyAdi se pIr3ita, viveka zUntha, evaM sukha ke lie Atura vyakti ukta kAraNoM se prerita hokara pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko aneka taraha se pIr3ita karate rahate haiM / kucha sAdhu apane Apako tyAgI kahate hue bhI vividha prakAra ke zastra-prayogoM se hiMsAtmaka 12

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178 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kriyAoM meM saMlagna hokara pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| sAtha hI ve tadAzrita anya aneka prakAra ke jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karate haiN| ___apakAya kI hiMsA-ajJAnI manuSya aneka prakAra kI abhilASAoM kI pUrti ke lie jalakAya kI hiMsA karatA hai, karavAtA hai tathA karane vAloM kI prazaMsA karatA hai| sAtha hI jalakAya ke Azrita anya dvIndriyAdi jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai / 49 ___ agnikAya kI hiMsA-sUtrakAra ne batAyA hai ki pramAdI jIva jIvanAkAMkSA, pUjA-pratiSThA Adi ke lie svayaM agnikAya kA samArambha karate, dUsaroM se karavAte aura karane vAloM ko acchA samajhate haiN| agnikAya ke Arambha-samArambha meM aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / pRthvIkAya ke Azrita tRNa-patra, kASTha-gobara, kUr3A-kacarA Adi vibhinna jIva tathA usake Azrita AkAza meM ur3ane vAle kITa-pataMga, pakSI Adi jIva bhI prajjvalita Aga meM A girate haiN| agni kA sparza pAkara unakA zarIra mUcchita ho jAtA hai aura ve prANa tyAga dete haiM / 50 __ vAyukAya kI hiMsA-isa prakAra hiMsA meM Asakta jIva Upara cacita kAraNoM se prerita hokara vAyukAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA karate, karavAte aura karane vAle kA anumodana bhI karate haiN| ur3ane vAle jIva vAyu ke AghAta se sikur3a jAne ke kAraNa mUcchita hokara nIce gira par3ate haiM, jisase unakA prANAnta ho jAtA hai / " / vanaspatikAya kI hiMsA-AcArAMga tathA paravartI jainAgamoM meM bhI vanaspatikAya ke sambandha meM bahuta hI sUkSma evaM vyApaka cintana huA hai| vanaspatikAya kI mAnavIya zarIra ke sAtha jaisI tulanA kI gaI hai, vaha Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke lie bhI bar3I upayogI evaM vismaya kAraka tathya hai / sara jagadIzacandra bosa ne vaijJAnika prayogoM ke dvArA mAnavIya cetanA kI bhA~ti hI vanaspati meM bhI cetanA ko siddha kara dikhAyA hai| sUtrakAra kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra manuSya janma letA hai, bar3hatA hai, cetanAyukta hai, chedana-bhedana karane para mlAna ho jAtA hai, AhAra karatA haiM, anitya evaM azAzvata hai, caya-upacaya dharma vAlA athavA parivartanazIla hai, usI prakAra vanaspati kA zarIra bhI samasta dharmoM se yukta hai, kintu pramAdI jIva ukta kAraNoM se prerita hokara vanaspati kAya kI hiMsA karatA hai|

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paMcamahAvatoM kA naitika darzana : 179 trasakAya kI hiMsA-pramAdI evaM viSayAbhilASI vyakti jIvanAkAMkSA Adi kAraNoM se prerita hokara jIva-hiMsA karate haiN| inake atirikta trasakAya kI hiMsA ke jo vividha hetu varNita haiM, unase prerita hokara bhI trasakAya kI hiMsA karate haiM, dUsaroM se karavAte aura karane vAloM kA samarthana bhI karate haiM / trasakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA karate hue ve anya aneka prANiyoM kI bhI hiMsA karate haiN|53 / isa prakAra manuSya kA jIvana sAMsArika kAmanAoM se AveSTita hotA hai aura vaha unakI sampUrti ke lie dina-rAta hiMsA ke vibhinna kAryoM meM lagA rakhatA hai| vaha krodhAdi kaSAya tathA hAsyAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara prayojana yA niSprayojana hI trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga54, praznavyAkaraNa55, dazavaikAlika sUtra, pravacanasAra57, mUlAcAra Adi paravartI jainasAhitya meM bhI SaTkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA aura unake vibhinna kAraNoM kI carcAeM milatI haiN| hiMsA ke prakAra: AcArAMga ke anusAra ahiMsA eka pUrNa AdhyAtmika Adarza tathA dharma kA sAra yA utsa hai / vaha zAzvata dharma hai / antarbAhya rUpa se usakI pUrNa upalabdhi jIvana ke AdhyAtmika stara para hI sambhava hai / bhautika stara para usakA pUrNarUpa se pAlana kara pAnA bar3A kaThina hai / AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kA Adarza una logoM ke lie prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo sAMsArika evaM gArhasthya jIvana ke dAyitvoM se mukta ho cuke haiM, sAmAnya mAnavIya prakRti se bahuta Upara uTha gaye haiM tathA deha ke prati unameM mamatva bhAva nahIM raha gayA hai| vastutaH vyakti jaise-jaise bhautikatA yA vyAvahArika jIvana ke stara se Upara uThatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise vaha ahiMsaka jIvana kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA jAtA hai| sAmAjika evaM pArivArika jIvana meM rahate hue ahiMsA kA pUrNatayA pAlana kara pAnA azakya hai| isI bAta ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue paravartI jainAcAryoM ne hiMsA ke cAra prakAra pratipAdita kiye haiM-(1) saMkalpI hiMsA (2) ArambhI hiMsA (3) udyogI hiMsA aura (4) virodhI hiMsA / unhoMne gRhastha ko saMkalpI trasa hiMsA se bacane kA nirdeza diyA hai, kyoMki gahastha jIvana ke udyogI, ArambhI aura virodhI hiMsA se bacanA sambhava nahIM thaa| vaise, AcArAMga meM ukta cAroM prakAroM meM se Arambho 59 aura 'saMkalpI'0' aise do bhedoM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| zeSa do ke sambandha meM koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hai|

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180 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yadyapi AcArAMga meM paravartI jaina granthoM dvArA mAnya hiMsA ke sabhI prakAra to upalabdha nahIM hote haiM tathApi usameM bahucita SaDjIvanikAyapRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasakAya kI hiMsA ko chaH prakAra yA stara ke rUpa meM rakha sakate haiN| hiMsA ke pariNAma : __ AcArAMga kA karma-phala ke sambandha meM aTUTa vizvAsa hai| usake anusAra pratyeka karma kA phala avazya hI milatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki hiMsAtmaka karma ke bhI pariNAma hote haiN| AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki 'ArambhajaM dukkha'61 arthAt saMsAra ke jitane bhI duHkha ( bandhana ) haiM, ve saba ( Arambha ) hiMsA se hI utpanna hote haiN| vividha prakAra kI kAmanAoM se pratyutpanna hiMsA saMsAra kI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai| ataH AcArAMga meM hiMsA ke phala ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI kAyika Adi ke Arambha-samArambha meM saMlagna ahitakArI vyakti kI hiMsA-vRtti bhaviSya ke lie hai| vaha hiMsA usakI abodhi arthAt jJAnabodhi, darzana-bodhi evaM cAritra-bodhi kI anupalabdhi meM kAraNabhUta hotI hai / hiMsA ke phala se anabhijJa vyakti svayaM apane liye naraka tiryaMncAdi gati kA nirmANa karatA hai tathA vibhinna nArakIya duHkhoM kI sRSTi karatA hai| jo saMyamI sAdhaka hai, vaha hiMsA ke duSpariNAma ko samyak rUpa se samajha kara saMyama-sAdhanA meM tatpara ho jAtA hai| use samyak rUpeNa yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki 'hiMsA' granthi arthAt bandhana hai, mRtyu hai aura naraka hai / 62 yahA~ hiMsA ko isI dRSTi se naraka kahA gayA hai ki narakagati ke yogya karmopArjana kA sabase prabala kAraNa hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha naraka hI hai / hiMsaka vyakti kI manodazA bhI naraka kI bhA~ti kara evaM azubhatara hotI hai| sAtha hI vaha kRtyoM ke dvArA isa saMsAra meM hI nArakIya jIvana kI sRSTi kara letA hai| sUtrakRtAMga, praznavyAkaraNa, nirayAvalikA65, uttarAdhyayana 6, pravacanasAra, mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM bhI hiMsA ke pariNAmoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata paribhASA evaM svarUpa : (jahA~ para kalyANa hetu ahiMsA kI sAdhanA apekSita hai, vahIM svakalyANa ke lie bhI vaha kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| isalie AcArAMga meM mana, vANI aura kAyA se ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA AhvAna hai|

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 181 AcArAMga ke anusAra kRta-kArita anumodita tathA mana, vacana aura kAyA se kisI bhI paristhiti meM sUkSma yA bAdara, trasa evaM sthAvara kisI bhI jIva kA jIvana bhara prANa-ghAta nahIM karanA, dUsaroM se nahIM karavAnA aura karane vAle kA samarthana nahIM karanA hI ahiMsAvrata hai| ahiMsA kA zabdaza: artha hotA hai - hiMsA nahIM krnaa| cU~ki ahiMsA ke sAtha niSedha vAcaka 'a' : bda jur3A huA hai / isase sAmAnyata: aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha kevala niSedhAtmaka hI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jana-sAmAnya dvArA ahiMsA kA artha nivRttiparaka mAna liyA gyaa| ataeva ahiMsA kI vivecanA karate samaya yaha jAna lenA bhI nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki kyA ahiMsA korI niSedha rUpa hI hai athavA usakA koI vidheyAtmaka svarUpa bhI hai ? kisI jova kI ahiMsA nahIM karanA yaha to ahiMsA kA kevala pahalU hai aura vaha bhI niSedha rUpa haiM / ahiMsA kI dhArA mAtra yahIM taka avaruddha nahIM hai / vaha niSedha (nivRtti) kI bhUmikA para vidhi ( pravRtti) kA rUpa lekara Age bar3hatI hai / (AcArAMga ke vicAra se ahisA na to ekAnta niSedhaparaka hai aura na ekAnta vidhiparaka hI hai / acArAMga meM jahA~ ahiMsA prANimAtra ke prati Atmavata dRSTi ke AdhAra para sAmAjika nyAya kI saMsthApikA hai vahIM sabake prati dayA, karuNA, maitrI, rakSA, sevA Adi kA sandeza bhI detI hai / 'prANimAtra ko Atmatulya samajhanA' aura 'kisI ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA' - ina do sUtroM ke dvArA AcArAMga ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka donoM pakSoM ko prastuta karatA hai / 'nAivAejjA kiMcaNa 70 yaha nivRttirUpa ahiMsA hai / AcArAMga meM pravRtti rUpa ahiMsA kA bhI vidhAna huA hai / saMyama meM jo satpravRtti hai, vahI ahiMsA kA vidhi rUpa hai / ahiMsA ke kSetra meM AtmalakSI kriyAoM kA vidhAna hai aura saMsAra lakSIkriyAoM kA niSedha hai / ) - AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM zramaNa jIvana ke liye pA~ca mUla guNoM (mahAvratoM) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ye mahAvrata zramaNa ke samagra AcAra ke AdhAra stambha haiM / ataH inake pUrNatayA pAlana karane kI dRSTi se unakI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA vivecana bho hai, arthAt zramaNa jIvana ke uttara guNoM meM cAritra ke sandarbha meM samiti aura tIna gupti kI maryAdAoM kA vidhAna hai ( samiti kI maryAdAe~ (vidhi) pravRttimUlaka hotI haiM aura gupti kI maryAdAe~ (niSedha) nivRtti mUlaka haiM )

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182 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAMga meM ahiMsA vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ varNita haiN| tadantargata samiti aura gupti sambandhI jo carcAeM huI haiM, unase ahiMsA ke donoM rUpa spaSTa ho jAte haiM / asat pravRttiyoM se nivRtti karanA aura sadAcAra rUpa zubha kriyA meM vivekapUrvaka pravRtti donoM hI ahiMsA mahAvrata kI rakSA evaM vizuddhatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| etadartha yahA~ saMkSepa meM samiti evaM gupti sambandhI carcA bhI apekSita hogii| ___ gupti-AcArAMga meM muni ko mana, vacana aura kAyika yoga kA nirodha kara arthAt tIna guptiyoM sahita saMyama meM vicaraNa karane kA nirdeza hai / 71 mana, vacana aura kAya-ye tIna yoga kahalAte haiM aura una yogoM kA samyak rUpa se nirodha karanA hI gupti hai / 72 guptiyA~ tIna haiMmanogupti, vacanagapti aura kAyagupti / mana ko azubha saMkalpoM se haTAnA manogupti hai| vANI kI vizuddhatA rakhanA vacana-gupti hai aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ko saMyamita rakhanA kAyagupti hai| dUsare zabdoM meM manogupti ke anusAra sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha apane mana meM pApa bhAvanA ko praviSTa na hone de / vacanagupti ke anusAra vaha pApayukta zabdoM kA uccAraNa karane se apane ko roke / kAya-gupti yaha sikhAtI hai ki sAdhaka apane kAyika aMga-pratyaMgoM ko pApa pravRttiyoM meM na jAne de| isa prakAra jahA~ eka ora ye guptiyA~ ahiMsA ke nivRtyAtmaka yA niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko spaSTa karatI haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora ye samitiyA~ usake pravRtyAtmaka pakSa ko bhI spaSTa karatI haiN| saMyamI kI cAritra pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiM / vastutaH niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM satpravRtti aura satpravRtyAtmaka ahiMsA meM hiMsA kA niSedha hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka eka ora se nivRtti kare aura dUsarI ora se pravRtti kre| asaMyama se nivRtta ho aura saMyama meM pravRtta ho| (mana, vacana aura kAya ke asat vyApAroM kA nirodha karanA aura sakriyAoM meM vivekapUrvaka pravRtta honA, yahI pravRtti aura nivRtti rUpa ahiMsA dharma hai) ye pA~ca samitiyA~ zramaNa jIvana ke ahiMsAtmaka cAritra kI pravRtti ke lie tathA tIna guptiyA~ hiMsAtmaka asatpravRttiyoM se nivRtta hone ke lie haiN| samitiyoM se sambandhita vistRta vivecana sAdhvAcAra adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| phira ahiMsA kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke antargata samitiyoM kA pratipAdana hone se yahA~ saMkSepa meM unakA ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa|

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paMcamahAvatoM kA naitika darzana : 183 samiti-AcArAMga meM nirgrantha ko saMyama-sAdhanA kI siddhi ke lie calane kA niSedha nahIM hai, kintu pUrI sAvadhAnI se calane ke lie kahA gayA hai jisase kisI bhI jIva ko pIr3A na paha~ce / bhASA samiti meM bolane para sarvathA pratibandha nahIM lagAyA gayA hai, parantu bolate samaya mani ko isa bAta kA pUrNa viveka rakhanA cAhie ki kaSAya vRttiyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara bhASA na bolI jAya / 74 saMyama yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie yathocita AhAra bhI grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| AcArAMga meM yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki AhArAdi ke lie pravRtti kI jAya / apitu usameM yaha kahA hai ki muni nirdoSa AhArAdi grahaNa kare aura use pUrI taraha se dekhakara khAne-pIne ke upayoga meM le tAki kisI jIva kI hiMsA na ho|75 AcArAMga meM vastra-pAtrAdi upakaraNa uThAne-rakhane ke sambandha meM bhI yahI nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki muni unheM pUNa vivekapUrvaka uThAe yA kahIM rakhe, anyathA jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai / 76 isI prakAra AcArAMga meM mala-mUtra tyAga ke sambandha meM bhI aneka vidhi niSedha varNita haiM / usameM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki-malamUtrAdi aise sthAna para visarjita karanA cAhie, jisase koI jIvotpatti na ho, aura na kisI ke mana meM ghRNA bhAva hI utpanna ho / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samitiyA~ vidhi rUpa bhI haiM aura niSedha rUpa bhI haiN| jahA~ samiti hai, vahA~ gupti bhI hai| ye ahiMsA rUpI eka sikke ke do pahalU haiN| ataeva ye donoM paraspara eka dUsare se nirapekSa nahIM haiN| ( isake atirikta AcArAMga meM aneka sthaloM para ahiMsA ke vidhi pakSa kA spaSTa ullekha hai| jaise-'rakSA', 'dayA', 'karuNA', 'sevA', 'samatA' Adi / sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ( sAmAyika ) cAritra ko apanAkara jagat ke jIvoM ke hita ke lie sAdhanA meM rata ho gaye, arthAt vizva ke samasta prANiyoM kI rakSA ko daSTi se ho kaThoratama sAdhanA ( cAritra) meM pravRtta hue| yaha to spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarva-hita ke saMkalpa ko lekara sAdhanA-mArga meM praveza kiyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, pratyuta unhoMne apanI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke pazcAta bhI loka-kalyANakArI bhAvanA se ahiMsA dharma kA upadeza diyA aura sabhI arhatoM kA pravacana bhI loka kalyANa ke lie

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184 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ho hotA hai / 79 vAstava meM, zramaNa-jIvana bar3A karuNAzIla hotA hai| loka-karuNA kI bhAvanA usameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hotI hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki niSpakSapAtI samyagdarzI muni logoM ko sanmArga dikhAe~ AcArAMgakAra ahiMsA ke vidhi pakSa ke rUpa meM dayA kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karatA hai| 1 'dayA mUle dhammo' dayA dharma kA mUla hai| yaha to nizcita' hai ki dayAhIna vyakti pUrNarUpa se ahiMsA kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| isa sandarbha meM, gA~dhI jI kA spaSTa kathana hai 'jahA~ dayA nahIM, vahA~ ahiMsA nahIM' / 2 AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke vidhi pakSa ke rUpa meM vaiyAvatya (sevA) kI avadhAraNA para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sevA bhI ahiMsA kA vidheya rUpa hI hai aura jIvana kA eka mahAna guNa hai| sevAmaya jIvana eka sAdhanA hai / sevA Abhyantara tapa hai| vaiyAvRtya ( sevA ) meM mukhyatayA apanI ahaMvRtti aura vaiyaktika sukha-suvidhAoM kA sarvathA visarjana karanA par3atA hai| binA usake vAstavika sevA nahIM ho sakatI hai / manuSya kaThoratama pa kara sakatA hai, indriya-nigraha kara sakatA hai, kintu vaiyAvRtya ( sevA ) karanA sahaja nahIM hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki 'sevAdharmaH paramagahano yoginAmapyagamyaH' / sevA tabhI sambhava hai jaba dUsaroM ke kaSTa hamAre apane kaSTa bana jA~ya / jaba Atmavata dRSTi jAgRta hotI hai taba anukampA yA karuNA kI dhArA prasphuTita hotI hai aura vyakti sevA ke lie daur3A jAtA hai / sevA se jIvana virATa banatA hai| AcArAMga meM asvastha avasthA meM bhikSuoM ko paraspara sevA karane kA nirdeza haiM, parantu yaha adIna bhAva se yA svecchA se honI caahie| sevA ke lie bhikSu na to kisI para dabAva DAlatA hai aura na anurodha ho karatA hai| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki kisI bhikSu ko yaha saMkalpa hotA hai ki maiM asvastha avasthA meM kisI bho muni ko sevA ke lie nahIM kaha~gA, kintu yadi koI svastha muni apanI karmanirjarA ke uddezya se sevA karegA to maiM use svIkAra karUMgA tathA usake dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA kA anumodana bhI kruuNgaa| isI taraha maiM bhI yathA samaya karma-nirjarA ke uddezya se apane sAdhArmika sAdhuoM kI sevA kruuNgaa| 3 uparyukta sUtra meM rogI aura niroga sAdhuoM kI pArasparika sevA sambandhI vikalpa batAe gae haiM / isI prakAra prathama zrataskandha ke aSTama adhyayana ke saptama uddezaka meM bhI sevA ke vibhinna vikalpa varNita haiM, parantu vahA~ vizeSa yaha hai ki yathA prApta AhAroM meM se mAtra nirjarA ke uddezya tathA paraspara upakAra kI dRSTi se

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 185 sAdhuoM kI sevA karane aura karavAne para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / 4 AcArAMga ke anusAra sevA ( vaiyAvRtya ) meM paropakAra aura karma- nirjarA donoM hI dRSTiyA~ nihita haiM / mana vacana aura kAyA se sevA karane, karAne evaM anumodana karane vAle sAdhaka ke sahaja hI tapa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki tyAga ke binA sevA sambhava nahIM hai aura usase usake karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / sevAbhAva se sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM tejasvitA AtI hai aura usakI sAdhanA antarmukhI hotI jAtI hai / isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki sevA se bar3hakara anya koI dharma nahIM hai / uttarAdhyayana" ogha niyukti " evaM Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti" meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki he gautama! jo glAna kI sevA (paricaryA) kara rahA hai, vaha merI hI upAsanA kara rahA hai | itanA hI nahIM, sevA se to tIrthaMkara pada prApta hotA hai / " 90 isa taraha, AcArAMga meM pArasparika sahayoga evaM sevA bhAva kA ucca Adarza pratipAdita hai / usameM eka sthAna para yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki muni ko binA kisI chala-kapaTa ke svArthaM yA svAda vRttiyoM se Upara uThakara rugNa sAdhu kI paricaryA karanI cAhie / " isI prakAra apane svadharmI choTe bar3e sAdhuoM meM paraspara vAtsalya bhAva banA rahe, isa dRSTi se yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki bhikSu gocarI meM jo bhI AhAra lAye use apane sthAna para Akara upasthita gurujanoM ko dikhaae| unakI AjJA prApta ho jAne ke bAda binA kisI chalachadma ke paraspara premabhAva se apane sabhI sahayogI bhikSuoM ko samAna rUpa se de de / 9deg itanA hI nahIM, AcArAMga meM Age bar3hakara yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadi kisI gRhastha ne bhikSu samUha ko lakSya karake bhikSA pradAna kI ho to bhikSu kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha anya matAvalambI bhikSuoM meM binA kisI bheda bhAva ke prApta bhikSA kA samavitaraNa kare athavA unake sAtha baiThakara usakA upabhoga kara leve / aisA na kare ki svayaM acchA bhAga le leve aura dUsaroM ko kharAba yA kama bhAga deve / 11 dazakAlika meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti prAptasAmagrI kA sama-vibhAga nahIM karatA hai, vaha mukti-lAbha nahIM kara sakatA hai / 12 isase hameM AcArAMga ( jainadharmaM ) ke vyApaka evaM udAravAdI dRSTikoNa kA spaSTa paricaya mila jAtA hai / AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ahiMsA ke vidheya tattva ko spaSTa karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi bhikSu ko apane saMyama nirvAha ke Avazyaka sAmagrI samAja se grahaNa karanI par3atI hai, parantu vaha samAja se jo kucha bhI grahaNa karatA hai, usameM bhI dUsaroM ke hitoM evaM suvidhAoM kA

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186 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana pUrA dhyAna rakhatA hai jisase ki kisI bhI jIva ko koI kaSTa na pahu~ca pAe aura na unakI jIvikAvRtti meM koI bAdhA utpanna ho| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki yadi gahastha ke dvAra para zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, yAcaka, atithi Adi koI bhI khar3e hoM to unheM lAMghakara sAdhu ko gRhastha ke ghara meM praviSTa nahIM honA cAhie / 13 kyoMki aisA karane se una bhikSuoM kI vRtti meM bAdhA ( antarAya ) par3egI, jo ki hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| usameM na kevala anya bhikSuoM kA apitu pazu-pakSI jagat taka kA khyAla rakhA gayA hai| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki pUrNa ahiMsaka muni ko aisA koI bhI AcaraNa yA pravRtti nahIM karanI cAhie, jo dUsare prANiyoM ke lie kaSTa kA kAraNa bne| ahiMsA kI naitika evaM manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi : mala prazna yaha hai ki ahiMsA kA pAlana kyoM kiyA jAya? AcArAMga meM isakA uttara bahuta hI manovaijJAnika DhaMga se diyA gayA hai ki sabhI jIva jonA cAhate haiM, sabhI ko apanA jIvana priya hai aura mRtyu apriya hai|54 saMsAra ke pratyeka prANo ke bhItara eka jijIviSA hai, apanA astitva banAe rakhane kI kAmanA hai-'savve pANA pivAuA suhasAyA dukkha paDikUlA' arthAt sabhI ko apane prANa priya haiM, sabhI jIva sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se ghabarAte haiN|95 yahI jIvanAkAMkSA ahiMsA kA mUla hai| ___ ahiMsA kA hArdra hai ki vyakti apanI cetanA ke samAna dUsaroM kI cetanA ko smjhe| ahiMsA kA sAdhaka vizva kI samasta AtmAoM ko samadRSTi se dekhatA hai| caitanya mAtra ke prati samatApUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai| vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke bIca samatulyatA ko saMsthApanA karate hae AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jo apanI sukha-duHkhAtmaka vRttiyoM athavA por3A ko jAna letA hai, vaha dUsaroM kI vRttiyoM yA por3A ko bhI jAna letA hai|16 / jaise-mujhe sukha priya aura duHkha apriya hai, vaise hI dUsare jIvoM ko sukha priya aura duHkha apriya hai| isa Atma-tulA ke paribodha se pratyutpanna saMvedanA hI ahiMsA kI AdhArabhUmi hai| vizva kI samasta AtmAoM ko Atmavat samajhanA hI vAstava meM ahiMsA kI saccI sAdhanA hai| yahI bAta gotA meM ina zabdoM meM kahI gayI hai ki jo sabhI jIvoM ko apane samAna dekhatA hai aura unake sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajhatA

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 187 hai, vahI paramayogI hai| yaha samatA kI sAdhanA hI ahiMsA hai / AcArAMga ahiMsA ko bAharI dabAva, bhaya, AtaMka athavA pralobhana ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu nyAya ke AdhAra para sthApita karatA hai / ahisA ke yathArtha bodha se anabhijJa vyakti use bhaya evaM pralobhana ke AdhAra para adhiSThita karanA cAhate haiN| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki kisI kA prANaghAta mata karo, kisI ko mAro mata, anyathA tumheM bhI maranA pdd'egaa| isI mRtyu ke bhaya ne unake mana meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA paidA kara dii| makenjI ne bhI ahiMsA kA AdhAra bhaya ko batAyA hai| parantu ahiMsA ko bhaya para adhiSThita karane se jisake prati bhaya hogA usI kI hiMsA se vyakti virata ho skegaa| AcArAMga kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki bhaya evaM vera para AdhArita ahiMsA sthAyI nahIM ho sktii| samatA yA tulyatA kA bodha hI ahiMsA kA sthAyI AdhAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sUtrakAra mAnava-jagat ke prati hI nahIM, apitu pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati jagat ke jIvoM taka ke prati bhI pUrNa ahiMsaka hone kI bAta kahatA hai / AcArAMga to isase Age bar3hakara advaitAnubhUti ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai' / hiMsA tabhI asambhava ho sakatI hai jaba 'para' kA bhAva ho na ho / sUtrakAra ne to ahiMsA ko aura adhika sabala AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki 'jo loka kA apalApa karatA hai, vaha vAstava meM svayaM kI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai aura jo svayaM kI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai, vaha loka kA apalApa karatA hai' / 98 yahA~ sUtrakAra ne apane aura parAye ke sImita ghere ko tor3a DAlA hai| yahI AtmatulyatA kA siddhAnta hai / svarUpataH sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiN| ataH hameM kisI bhI AtmA ke astitva kA apalApa nahIM karanA caahie| isa taraha sUtrakAra ne svarUpa ko dRSTi se Atmaikya ko siddha karake spaSTa kara diyA hai ki kisI eka AtmA ke jIvita rahane ke adhikAra ko amAnya karane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki samasta jIvoM ke jIvana jIne ke adhikAra kA niSedha karanA / isI AtmaikyavAda ko saMpuSTa karate hue punaH sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki jise tU hantavya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, arthAt vaha dasarA tere samAna hI caitanya prANI hai| jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai| jise tU dAsa banAnA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / jise tU prANoM se viyukta karanA cAhatA

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188 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hai, vaha tU hI hai, anya koI nhiiN| 99 yaha hai AcArAMga kI advaita dRSTi, jo ki ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| __ isameM sabhI AtmAoM kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUti ko samAnatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai tathA AtmaikyavAda kI dhAraNA ko pratiSThita kara hiMsA se virata hone kA nirdeza hai| "jise tU hantavya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai' isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki anya ke dvArA pIr3A pahu~cAe jAne para jaisI agubhUti tujhe hotI hai, vaisI ho anubhUti use bhI hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jJAnI puruSa Rju hotA hai| vaha hantavya aura hantA kI ekarUpatA ko samajhakara kisI prANI ko hiMsA nahIM karatA, dUsaroM se nahIM karavAtA aura na anumodana hI karatA hai| 00 yaha Atmaikya dRSTi jAgata hone se dasaroM ko pIr3A dene kI vatti hI samApta ho jAtI hai| isa sthiti meM apane aura parAye kA dvaita nahIM rahatA hai aura jaba dvaita hI nahIM hotA to phira vahA~ bhaya bhI nahIM hotaa| upaniSadoM meM bhI 'dvaitIyAd vaibhaya' bhavati zabda ke dvArA isI bAta ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki bhaya dvaita se hotA hai, para ko kalpanA se hotA hai / jaba taka kisI ke prati parAyepana kI buddhi rahatI hai, taba taka manuSya para-pIr3A se baca nahIM sktaa| sarvatra Atmaupamya kI advaita dRSTi hI mAnava ko vaira vaimanasya, dveSa-kalaha, ghRNA Adi vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI vikRtiyoM se bacA sakatI hai| uparyukta advaita evaM abheda buddhi ke AdhAra para hI sUtrakAra ne paraspara hiMsA-pratihiMsA se pIr3ita mAnava ko ahiMsA kA sandeza dete hae kahA hai ki kisI bhI jIva ko mAranA nahIM cAhie, na una para anucita anuzAsana hI karanA cAhie, na unheM por3ita karanA cAhie na unheM parAdhIna karanA cAhie aura na unakA prANaghAta hI karanA cAhie, yahI dharma dhruva, zAzvata aura nitya hai| 101 samasta prANiyoM ke prati yaha Atmaupamya buddhi ho ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai, jo use sArvabhaumika satya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karatA hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kevala Adarza ke rUpa meM hI nahIM hai, apitu usakI vyAvahArika bhUmikA bhI pratipAdita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki usameM ahiMsAvatI sAdhu ko pratyeka pravRtti meM sAvadhAnI rakhane kA nirdeza hai| ahiMsaka vyavahAra vastuta eka AdhyAtmika prayoga hai / AcArAMga ke gahana adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usameM zramaNAcAra sambandhI jitane bhI vidhi-niSedha pratipAdita hue haiM, ve saba mUlataH ahiMsA ke saMrakSaNa evaM poSaNa ke lie hI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, zramaNAcAra ke anya cAroM mahA

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 189 vrata ke mUla meM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nihita hai / anya cAro mahAvratoM ko isI ahiMsA dharma kI puSTi ke lie svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mUladharma to ahiMsA hI hai / zeSa saba usI kA vistAra hai / mithyAbhASaNa karane se hiMsA hotI hai, corI karane se himA hotI hai, maithuna sevana se hiMsA hotI hai aura saMgraha vRtti se bhI hiMsA hotI hai / isIlie ina sabakA parityAga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM zramaNa - jIvana ke samagra AcAra aura vyavahAra ke mUla meM sarvatra ahiMsA kI bhAvanA jhalakatI hai / ataH ahimA ko prAthamikatA ko svIkAra karane meM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA / dazavekAlika cUrNa meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai ki ahiMsA kI vizada vyApti meM anya cAroM mahAvratoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ pA~coM mahAtrata haiM / 102 hAribhadrIyASTaka meM bhI satyAdi cAroM vratoM ke pAlana kA prayojana ahiMsA kI surakSA ke lie hI vivecita hai | 103 yadi ahiMsA dhAnya hai to satya Adi usakI rakSA karane vAle bAr3e haiM / 104 hemacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki ahiMsA yadi pAnI hai to asteya Adi usakI rakSA karane vAlI pAla hai / 105 satya, 106 isa prakAra ahiMsA Arhat pravacana kA utsa hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai -- esa magge Ariehi paveie jahettha kusale govala pijjasi arthAt AryoM dvArA pratipAdita yaha ahiMsA mArga sarvazreSTha hai / ataH kuzala vyakti hisAtmaka kArya meM bhUlakara ke bhI lipta na ho / vastutaH isa virAT vizva meM yaha ahisA hI bhagavatI hai / 101 praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM anya aneka vibhinna upamAoM ke dvArA usakI mahattA ko khUba bakhAnA gayA hai | 108 AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI ahiMsA kI mahattA ko caramotkarSa para pahu~cAte hue use paramabrahma kahA hai / 101 gA~dhIjI ke zabdoM meM "ahiMsA eka svayambhU zakti hai / " niSkarSa yaha ki AcArAMga meM pratipAdita ahiMsA vizva kalyANa kA amogha upAya hai tathA prANi- jagat kI rakSaka alaukika zakti hai / satya mahAvrata : AdhyAtmika jIvana-nirmANa ke lie kie jAne vAle vrata vidhAna meM ahiMsA kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai / cAhe gRhastha ho yA muni pahale ahiMsA vrata kI sAdhanA kI pratijJA lete haiM / kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki

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190 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai, zeSa satya, asteya Adi dUsare mahAvatoM kI upekSA kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra asatya, steya Adi hiMsA ke poSaka tatva haiM usI prakAra satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiM / satya aura ahiMsA meM ghaniSTha sambandha hai| AcArAMga meM satya mahAvrata ko paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki krodha, lobha, bhaya evaM hAsya Adi asatya bolane ke kAraNoM ke maujada rahane para bhI mana, vacana aura kAyA se asatya nahIM socanA, asatya nahIM bolanA aura asatya AcaraNa na karanA hI satya mahAvata hai / 10 pUrNa rUpa se isa satya mahAvrata kI rakSA ke lie jina vizeSa pAMca bAtoM kA tyAga Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai, unheM pA~ca bhAvanA kahA gayA hai| ve pA~ca bhAvanAe~ (1) viveka-vicArapUrvaka bolanA (2) krodha kA parityAga (3) lobha kA parityAga (4) bhaya kA parityAga aura (5) hAsya kA parityAga / vyakti krodha, lobha, bhaya Adi ke vaza pApakAriNI, pApa kA anumodana karane vAlI, dUsare ke mana ko pIr3A pahu~cAne vAlI asatya bhASA bolatA hai| ataH prajJAvAn sAdhu ko krodha, lobha, bhayAdi ina cAroM kA sarvathA parityAga kara denA caahie| ye hiMsA ke samAna hI asatya-vacana ke bhI kAraNa haiN| prayojana hone para bhI sAdhu ko sadA hitamita evaM satya bolanA caahie|11 isa taraha satyamahAvata ke mUla meM bhI ahisA kI bhAvanA hI nihita hai / ___ AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki 'saccammi dhiti kuvvaha' tU satya meM dhRti kara / satya meM adhiSThita prajJAvAna muni samasta pApoM kA zoSaNa karatA hai| 112 vAstava meM satya zIla sAdhaka paramAtmapada prApta karatA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai-he puruSa! tU satya ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha / satyasAdhaka saMsAra-samudra se pAra ho jAtA hai|113 itanA hI nahIM, apitu satya-sAdhaka Atma-sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| 114 praznavyAkaraNa meM to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki 'taM saccaM khubhagavaM15 vaha satya hI bhagavAna hai aura yahI loka meM sArabhUta tattva hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA hai ki satyavatI sAdhaka ko brahmatva kI prApti hotI hai|116 gA~dhIjI ko dRSTi meM bhI ahiMsA kI apekSA satya kA sthAna hI sarvocca rahA hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'paramezvara kI vyAkhyAe~ agaNita haiM, kyoMki usako vibhUtiyA~ bhI agaNita haiN| vibhUtiyA~ mujhe Azcaryacakita to karatI haiM, mujhe kSaNa bhara ke

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paMcamahAvatoM kA naitika darzana : 191 lie mugdha bhI karatI haiM, para maiM to pujArI hU~ satyarUpI paramezvara kA / merI dRSTi meM vahI ekamAtra satya hai, dUsarA saba kucha mithyA hai|' AcArAMga kI bhA~ti hI ve bhI anya zabdoM meM duharAte haiM ki 'jo satya ko jAnatA hai, mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se satya kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha paramezvara ko pahacAnatA hai| isase vaha trikAladarzI ho jAtA hai|' yahI nahIM, varan satya ko paramezvara kI zreNI meM adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa meM ve yahA~ taka kahate haiM 'paramezvara satya hai yaha kahane ke bajAya 'satya' hI paramezvara hai yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai|117 isa prakAra AcArAMga ke anusAra satyavrata kA pAlana ahiMsaka jIvana ke lie ati Avazyaka hai| zatapatha'16 brAhmaNa, taittarIya AraNyaka, nArAyaNopaniSad 19 evaM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa 120 meM bhI satya kI mahattA ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| asteyavata : pA~ca mahAvratoM meM asteya bhI eka vrata hai| ahiMsA aura satyavrata kI rakSA ke lie nirgrantha jIvana meM isa vrata kA pAlana bhI anivArya hai kyoMki caurya karma karane vAlA hiMsaka ke sAtha-sAtha asatyabhASI bhI hotA hai / jo vyakti kisI bhI cIja ko binA pUche le letA hai to niHsandeha vaha use vyathA pahu~cAtA hai| dhana manuSyoM kA bAhya prANa mAnA gayA hai| ataH usakA apaharaNa karane se unakA prANa-ghAta ho jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki corI yA adattAdAna meM hiMsA kA doSa bhI spaSTa hai / isa sandarbha meM, AcArAMga kahatA hai ki jalakAya kI hiMsA corI bhI hai / 121 isase spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA sirpha hiMsA hI nahIM hai apitu hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha corI bhI hai| ahiMsA ke viSaya meM yaha bar3A tArkika evaM sUkSma vivecana hai / isI taraha, caurya karma karane vAlA asatya bhASaNa se bhI nahIM baca sakatA hai| ataeva hiMsA aura asatya kI jananI caurya vRtti nirgrantha ke lie sarvathA tyAjya mAnI gaI hai| isI abhiprAya se ahiMsA aura satyavrata ke pazcAt ise tRtIya sthAna diyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki nirgrantha sAdhaka kRta, kArita, anumodita tathA mana-vacana aura kAyA se caurya karma se apanI AtmA ko sarvathA virata rakhatA hai| saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu, cAhe vaha gA~va meM ho, nagara meM ho yA araNya meM ho, svalpa ho yA adhika, sajIva ho yA nirjIva,

Page #205
192 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhpara na use uke svAmI kI AjJA ke binA svayaM grahaNa nahIM karanA, dUsaroM se grahaNa nahIM karavAnA aura grahaNa karane vAle vyakti kA samarthana nahIM karanA hI asteyavrata hai / 122 isa vrata kI zuddhi ke lie AcArAMga meM pA~ca bhAvanAe~ varNita haiM / ve nimnokta haiM (1) soca-vicAra kara mitAvagraha kI yAcanA karanA, (2) guru Adi kI anumati se AhAra jala grahaNa karanA, (3) kSetra aura kAla kI maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara parimita vastu svIkAra karanA, (4) bAra-bAra AjJA grahaNa karanA aura (5) sAdhArmikoM se parimita padArthoM kI AjJA lenaa| yadi vaha nirgrantha aisA nahIM karatA hai to use caurya karma kA doSa lagatA hai| upayukta bAtoM kA AcaraNa karane se, hiMsA se bacane aura ahiMsA ke paripAlana meM pUrNa sahAyatA milatI hai / 123 AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta skandha ke saptama adhyayana meM bho asteya vrata kI carcA hai / 124 / / __ isa sambandha meM dharmazAstra sAdhaka ko yahA~ taka satarka karate haiM ki yadi koI sAdhaka vastutaH tapasvI, jJAnI athavA utkRSTa AcArAdi se sampanna nahIM hai aura dUsarA vyakti use vaisA kahatA hai, to sAdhaka ko niHsaMkoca kaha denA cAhie ki Apa mujhe jaisA samajha rahe haiM, vAstava meM maiM vaisA hU~ nahIM / aisA na karake mauna dhAraNa kara lenA aura muphta meM prApta hone vAle mAna, sammAna, pratiSThA evaM prazaMsA prApta kara lenA bhI corI ke antargata hI mAnA jAyagA / ataH sAdhaka-jIvana ke lie yaha anivArya hai ki vaha sUkSmAtisUkSma cauryakarma ke pApa se bace aura samasta duHkhoM se mukta honeke lie isa vrata kA samyaktayA pAlana kare / vaidika granthoM meM bhI isa vrata kA pAlana karane vAloM ko vrata-upalabdhi batalAI gaI hai / 125 brahmacarya mahAvata: bhAratIya saMskRti meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko anya sabhI sAdhanAoM kI apekSA vizeSa mahattva prApta hai| vedoM evaM upaniSadoM meM brahmacarya kI mahattA kA varNana prabhAvazAlI zabdoM meM vyakta huA hai / bauddha sAhitya ke sambandha meM vistAra pUrvaka vivecana milatA hai| jainAgamoM meM brahmacarya kI gambhIra evaM ati sUkSma vivecanA upalabdha hai| yahI nahIM, AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA dUsarA nAma hI 'brahmacarya' hai / ataH naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se brahmacarya vrata kI prazaMsA jitanI adhika kI jAya utanI hI thor3I hai kyoMki naitikatA kA nikhAra bhI vrata se sambhava hai| mana-vacana aura kAyA se deva, manuSya evaM tiryanca zarIra sambandhI saba prakAra ke maithuna-sevana kA parityAga karanA hI brahmacarya hai / isa

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paMcamahAvatoM kA naitika darzana : 193 prakAra, nirgrantha muni kRta, kArita, anumodita tathA mana, vacana aura kAya se jIvana bhara maithuna kA tyAgI hotA hai| maithuna hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| isase jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai / 126 gAMdhI jI ke anusAra brahmacarya kA artha hai-'mana-vacana aura kAyA se samasta indriyoM kA saMyama / 127 isa prakAra vrata kI sAdhanA ko saphalatA evaM samyaktayA isake pAlana ke lie AcArAMgakAra ne pA~ca prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA upadeza diyA hai| sAdhu ko nimnokta pA~ca prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA kaThoratA ke sAtha pAlana karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra kheta kI rakSA ke lie bAr3a kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie paMca bhAvanArUpa bAr3a kI AvazyakatA hai| ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM-(1) strI sambandhI kAma-kathA na kare, (2) vikAra dRSTi se strI ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA avalokana na kare, (3) pUrvAnubhUta kAma krIr3A kA smaraNa na kare, (4) mAtrA se adhika evaM kAmavardhaka bhojana na kare, aura (5) brahmacArI nirgrantha strI-pazu evaM napuMsaka Adi se yukta sthAna meM na rahe / ye sabhI kAma-vAsanA ke hetu haiM / ataH nirgrantha ko inase bacanA cAhiye / yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA hai, to dharma se cyuta ho jAtA hai / 128 sthAnAMga,129 uttarAdhyayana130 Adi jainAgamoM meM bhI brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie inhIM upAyoM kA vividha prakAra se ullekha hai aura unheM samAdhi sthAna ke nAma se kahA gayA hai / manusmRti aura gautamasUtra'32 meM bhI brahmacArI ko indriya janya sukhoM evaM AnandadAyaka vastuoM se dUra rahane ko kahA gayA hai| ___ AcArAMga meM brahmacarya-pAlana kI dRSTi se spaSTa nirdeza milatA hai / jaise- brahmacArI strI-sambandhI kAma-kathA na kare, unheM vAsanAyukta dRSTi se na dekhe, paraspara kAmuka bhAvoM kA prasAraNa na kare, unake prati mamatva na kare, unake citta ko AkRSTa karane ke lie zarIra kI vibhUSA yA sAja-sajjA na kare, vacana-gupti kA pAlana kare aura mana ko saMvRta rakhakara pApa-karma se sadA dUra rhe| isa prakAra vaha brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA 133 kare, kyoMki sAdhaka ke sukhazIla hone para tathA uparyukta sabhI niyamoM kA pAlana na karane para kAma-vAsanA ubharatI hai| isa tathya se sUtrakAra samyak paricita the| ataH vAsanA se utpIDita muni ko kAma nivAraNa ke chaH upAya batAte hue unhoMne kahA hai ki 'muni ko nIrasa bhojana karanA cAhie, uNodarI tapa ( kama-khAnA) karanA cAhie,

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194 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kAyotsarga karanA cAhie arthAt vividha prakAra ke Asana karanA cAhie, grAmAnugrAma vihAra karanA cAhie athavA AhAra kA parityAga kara denA cAhie tathA striyoM ke prati AkRSTa hone vAle mana ko sarvathA vimukha rakhanA cAhie / 134 matalaba yaha ki ukta upAyoM meM se jisa sAdhaka ko jo upAya anukUla ho, usI kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / zIlAMkAcArya ne brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki 'paryante AhAramapi vyavacchindyAd api pAtaM vidadhyAt, apyudbandhanaM kuryAt, na ca strISu manaH kuryAditi' arthAt anya sabhI upAyoM ke asaphala hone para muni jIvana bhara ke liye sarvathA AhAra kA tyAga kara de, Upara se gira jAya yA phA~sI lagA le kintu mana ko striyoM meM na jAne de / 135 brahmacarya ko khaNDita na hone de / vastutaH brahmacaryaM vaha agni hai, jisameM tapakara AtmA parizuddha bana jAtI hai / brahmacarya kI sAdhanA deha aura AtmA donoM ko puSTa karatI hai / ahiMsA, satya Adi to Atmabala ko bar3hAte haiM, parantu brahmacarya kI sAdhanA to eka sAtha donoM ( zarIra AtmA ) ko aparimita bala pradAna karatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM brahmacarya ko uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana 136 - Adi kA mUla batAyA gayA hai tathA kahA hai ki jisane apane jIvana meM eka brahmacarya kI upAsanA kI hai, usane sabhI uttamottama tapoM kI ArAdhanA kI hai - aisA samajhanA cAhiye / ataH nipuNa sAdhaka ko brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhiye / 137 maharSi pataMjali kahate haiM ki brahmacarya sthira hone se vIryaM -lAbha hotA hai / ' brahmacarya ko zreSTha tapa kahA hai / 139 uttarAdhyayana meM brahmacaryaM ko anya sabhI vratoM kI apekSA duSkara batAyA hai tathA usakI mahattA ko pratipAdina karate hue kahA gayA hai ki duSkara vrata kI ArAdhanA karane vAle brahmacArI ko deva-dAnava gandharva Adi sabhI namaskAra 40 karate haiM / usameM 'esa dhamme suddhe nicce' kahakara vizva meM usake sthAyitva ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / 141 isI taraha yogazAstra, 142 jJAnArNava, 143 atharvaveda, 144 Adi granthoM meM bhI isakI mahattA kA varNana milatA hai / 138 isa brahmacaryavrata ne pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko bhI AkarSita kiyA hai, tabhI to DA0 phanaeNNDo vellinI philipa ne bhI kahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM sarva pradhAna guNa merI dRSTi meM anantavIrya rahA hai / usI ke kAraNa yaha prasiddha tIrthaMkara apane samakAlIna mata pravarttakoM kA rAstA kATakara Age bar3hane meM saphala huA / 145

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 195 aparigraha mahAvata: saMsAra ke samasta prANI sukha-prApti ke lie satat prayatnazIla haiM, phira bhI sukha nahIM mila rahA haiM / socanA hogA ki Akhira duHkha kA mUla kahA~ hai ? gaharAI se socane para vidita hotA hai ki duHkha kA mUla parigraha hI hai / vyakti parigraha ekatra karane ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, chala-kapaTa Adi nikRSTatama kRtyoM ko bhI karane meM nahIM sakucAtA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki dhanepsu yA artha-lobhI vyakti parigraha kI pUrti hetu dUsaroM kA vadha karatA hai, unheM kaSTa detA hai tathA aneka prakAra se yAtanAe~ pahu~cAtA hai / 14 // yahA~ taka ki vaha dhana-prApti ke liye cora, luTerA aura saMhAraka taka bana jAtA hai / 147 ataeva yaha saMgrahavRtti yA dhana-lipsA hI sabhI pApoM kA mUla hai, aura yahI saba anarthoM kI khAna hai| vAstava meM isa ANavika yuga meM yaha saMgraha pravRtti hI cAroM aura uthala-puthala macA rahI hai| bAibila meM saMgraha vRtti kI kar3I AlocanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sUI kI noka meM se U~Ta kadAcit nikala jAya, parantu dhanavAna vyakti svarga meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM to aparigraha viSayaka gaharI vivecanA milatI hai| nirgrantha sAdhaka jIvana paryanta sajIva athavA nirjIva, alpa yA bahuta sthala yA sUkSma kisI bhI prakAra kI vastu ko svayaM saMgraha nahIM karatA hai, dUsaroM se saMgraha nahIM karavAtA hai aura na saMgraha karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| isa prakAra kRta-kArita-anumodita tathA mana-vANI aura karma se parigraha ke pApa se apano AtmA ko sarvathA virata rakhanA hI aparigraha vrata hai / 140 sAdhu parigraha mAtra kA tyAgI hotA hai| vaha pUrNa anAsakta aura nirmamatva hotA hai / saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie use jina upakaraNoM kI anivArya rUpa se AvazyakatA hotI hai, una para bhI usakA mamatva nahIM hotA / isI bAta ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kahA hai ki jo mamatva buddhi kA tyAga karatA hai, vahI mamatva kA bho tyAga karatA hai| saccA sAdhaka vahI hai jise kisI bhI prakAra kA mamatva nahIM hai| vahI mukti patha kA draSTA hai|49 itanA hI nahIM, zarIra kA mamatva bhI parigraha mAnA gayA hai aura aparigrahI muni usake prati bhI nirmamatva hotA hai| jisane zarIra kA mamatva visarjita kara diyA hai, vaha cikitsA kI bhI apekSA nahIM rakhatA arthAt vaha zarIra meM jo kucha ghaTita hotA hai,use hone detA hai aura karma kA pratiphala mAnakara saba kucha saha letA hai, kintu hiMsA pradhAna cikitsA kA sahArA nahIM letA, kyoMki cikitsA meM hiMsA ke

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196 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aneka prasaMga Ate haiN| AcArAMga meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki vaidya cikitsA ke lie aneka jIvoM kA chedana-bhedana aura prANa-ghAta karatA hai / isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hiMsA aura parigraha ke doSa se pUrNatayA bacane ke liye hI muni ko cikitsA karavAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|150 AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutakandha meM bhI aisA hI vivecana milatA hai| vastutaH yaha parigrahAsakti hI sabase bar3A bandhana hai| saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko isa parigraha rUpa bandhana ne jakar3a rakhA hai| isase bar3hakara anya koI bandhana nahIM hai| AcArAMga kA kathana hai ki dhana-dhAnya, bhUmi aura ghara Adi meM mamatva rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM ko vipula samRddhipUrNa jIvana priya hotA hai| ve raMga-viraMge, maNi, kuNDala, hiraNya tathA striyoM kA saMgraha kara unameM anurakta rahate haiN| una parigrahI dhanepsu vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM na koI tapatyAga hotA hai na yama-niyama athavA saMyama hI hotA hai aura na mAnasika zAnti hI hotI hai / vaha ajJAnI puruSa aizvaryapUrNa jIvana jIne kI kAmanA karatA hai tathA bAra-bAra sukha kI kAmanA karatA huA antataH mUr3ha hokara viparyAsa ko prApta hotA hai / 15' isa prakAra vaha parigrahI vyakti jIvana jIne hetu dvipada ( karmakara), catuSpada (pazu) kA saMgraha kara unakA upayoga karatA hai| unake dvArA yaha artha kA saMvardhana karatA hai / apane, parAye athavA donoM ke sammilita prayAsa se usake pAsa kama athavA jyAdA artha kI mAtrA ekatra ho jAtI hai / vaha usa artha-rAzi meM Asakta rahatA hai aura bhoga ke lie usakA saMrakSaNa karatA hai tathA bhoga ke bAda zeSa paryApta dhana-rAzi se mahAna upakaraNa (sampatti) vAlA bana jAtA hai| kintu eka samaya aisA AtA hai ki jaba sArI sampatti naSTa ho jAtI hai, usa saMrakSita evaM ajita dhana-rAzi yA parigraha meM se dAyAda hissA ba~TA lete haiM yA cora apaharaNa kara lete haiM yA zAsaka chIna lete haiM yA vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai, athavA phira gRha dAha se jala jAtI hai| isa taraha vaha parigrahI vyakti dUsaroM ke lie hiMsAdi krUra karma karatA huA duHkha kA nirmANa karatA hai aura antatogatvA duHkhI rahatA hai arthAt caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM anantakAla taka paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| 152 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isa dhana-lipsA kI nindA kI gaI hai / 153 sUtrakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki parigraha kA tyAga nahIM karane vAlA vyakti krandana karatA hai|154 tAtparya yaha ki 'arthepsu' vyakti (parigrahI) dhana prApta na hone

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 197 para pahale use pAne kI lAlasA meM krandana karatA hai aura naSTa hone para bAda meM usake zoka se rotA hai / isI prakAra bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 155 aura manusmRti 150 meM bhI kahA hai ki saMnyAsI ko apane pAsa koI parigraha nahIM rakhanA cAhie / aparigraha vrata ko nirdoSa banAe rakhane ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batAyI gayI haiM - (1) muni ko zrotrendriya sambandhI zabda ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie, (2) cakSurindriya sambandhI rUpa ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie, (3) ghrANendriya viSaya sambandhI gaMdha ke prati anAsakta rahanA cAhie, (4) rasanendriya sambandhI svAda ke viSaya meM lolupa nahIM rahanA cAhie aura (5) sparzendriya sambandhI viSaya ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM rakhanA cAhie / 157 jaba sAdhaka ukta pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA pAlana karatA hai tabhI usakA aparigrahavrata nirdoSa, sAttvika, svaccha raha sakatA hai | / parigraha vRtti ke kAraNa hI Aja sArA jagat azAnta hai, pratyeka manuSya duHkhI evaM atRpta hai / aisI viSama evaM azAnta paristhiti meM yadi yaha aparigraha vRtti sAmUhika rUpa se jIvana meM A jAya to artha vaiSamyajati sArI sAmAjika samasyAe~ svataH hI samApta ho jAtI haiM / unheM hala karane ke lie sAmyavAda, samAjavAda athavA anya kisI navInavAda kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, isase manuSya kA svayaM kA jIvana bhI kramazaH uccatA kI ora bar3hatA hai / sAtha hI sAmAjika samasyAe~ bhI sulajha jAtI haiM aura manuSya tathyataH vizvazAnti kI saMsthApanA meM bhI sakSama ho sakatA hai / mahAvratoM kI mahattA evaM upAdeyatA : ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pA~coM mahAvrata naitika jIvana ke zAzvata tattva haiM / kAla evaM deza kI sImA kA bhI ina para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / ye mAnavIya naitikatA ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta haiM / naitika hrAsa ke isa yuga meM bhI pA~coM mahAvrata sAmAjika jIvana ke lie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM tathA mAnava ke cAritrika vikAsa ke lie bhI Avazyaka haiM / AcArAMga meM kahA hai-ananta jIvoM ke rakSAspada ( rakSArUpa para ) pA~coM mahAvrata mahApuruSoM dvArA Acarita hone ke kAraNa mahAguru kahe gaye haiM tathA ye dIrgha kAla se AtmA ke sAtha lage hue karma - bandhana se mukta karane vAle haiM / jisa prakAra teja ( prakAza ) tInoM dizAoM ke andhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra mahAvrata rUpa teja karma - samUha rUpa andhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai / 159

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198 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yaha AtmA anantakAla se karmoM se AvRtta hai| karmoM ke AvaraNa se AtmA ko mukta karAne ke liye mahAvratoM kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai aura jaba yaha sAdhanA pUrNatA para pahu~ca jAtI hai, taba AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| sandarbha-sUcI adhyAya 7 1. yogadarzana, 2/31. 2. AcArAMga, 1/1/6. 3. vahI. 1/3/1. 4. vahI, 1/2/4. 5. vahI, 1/1/7. 6. vahI, 1/3/3. 7. vahI, 1/3/2, 1/2/5. 8. vahI, 1/1/5, 1/3/2, 1/81. 9. vahI, 1/3/3. 10. vahI, 1/3/4. 11. vahI, 1 / 3/2. 12. vahI, 1/5/5, evaM sUtrakRtAMga, 1/11/10. 13. dhammapada, 10/1, 10/4. 14. suttanipAta, anu0-bhikSudharmaratna, mahAbodhi, sAranAtha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1951, 3 / 3 / 7 / 27. 15. dhammapada-koSavaggo 5. 16. mahAbhArata, anu0-115/23, 116/28-29, 116/8-13, 145, 215/19 evaM mahA0 Adi parva 1/1/13. 17. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva 278/5-30. 18. yogasUtra pataJjali, 2/35. 19. kurAna zarIpha 5/35, uddhRta-ahiMsA darzana, pravacanakAra-zrI upAdhyAya amara munijI, sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI, AgarA-2, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1976 pR0 5. 20. bAibila (bhattI) 2/51/52, 5/45/46. ___tathA lUkA 6/27/37 uddhRta, ahiMsA darzana, pR0 6. 21. metaliyA-58 uddhRta, ahisA darzana, pR0 6. 22. torA-levya vyavasthA 19/17, uddhRta, ahiMsA darzana, pR0 7. 23. tAotehakiMga uddhRta-ahiMsA darzana meM pR0 6. 24. uddhRta-ahiMsA darzana, pR0 7. 25. AcArAMga, 1/2 / 1. 26. vahI, 1/1/2-7. 27. vahI, 1/1 / 2-7, 1 / 2/2 evaM 1/8/1, 1/3/3. 28. vahI, 113/1. 29. vahI, 1/3/4. 30. bhagavatIsUtra, 1/1/48.

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 199 31. akalaMkadeva, tattvArtharAjavArtika, saMpA0 zrIpannAlAla jaina, candraprabhA presa, banArasa, san 1915, 7/13. 32. zrI amRtacandra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala ( zrImad rAjacandra zAstramAlA ), agAsa, prathama AvRtti, san 1966, gA0 47. 33. AcArAMga, 1/5/4 tathA AcArAMga zIlAMka TI0 patrAM0 196. 34. AcArAMga ( AtmArAmajI)-2/3/2/122-124. 35. AcArAMga 2/3/2 para hindI vivecana ( AtmArAmajI ) pR0 1098. 36. tattvArtharAjavAtika, 7/13. 37. AcArAMga, 1/9/1. 38. vahI, 1/5/4. 39 AcArAMga, patrAMka 196, 1/5/4 para zIlAMka TIkA 40. bhagavatIsUtra, 18/8, 7/1. 41. oghaniyukti, gA09748-749-759. 42. malAcAra ( paMcAcAra adhi0 ) gA0 129 se 133 taka evaM samayasArA dhikAra gA0 123. 43. AcArAMga, 1/9/1. 44. vahI, 1/1/2-5. 45. vahI, 1/1/6. 46. vahI, 11102. 47. vahI, 1/6/1. 48. vaho, 1/1 / 2. 49. vahI, 1/1/3. 50. vahI, 1/1/4. 51. vahI, 1/1/7. 52. vahI, 1/1/5. 53. vahI, 1/1/6. 54. sUtrakRtAMga, kha0 2 sU07, 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 16, 19. 55. praznavyAkaraNa Azrava adhikAra 56. dazavakAlika 4. 57. pravacanasAra, 3/49. 58. mUlAcAra-paMcAcAra adhikAra gA0 205, 225. 59. AcArAMga, 22 / 5. 60. vahI, 1/2/1, 1/2/2. 61. AcArAMga, 1/3/1. 62. vahI, 1/1/2. 63. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/2/3, 1/5/1, 1/7/3/10. 64. praznavyAkaraNa, AsravadvAra 1/1. 65. nirayAvalikA-1/109, uddhRta-jainadharma meM ahiMsA, le0 DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti, gurubAjAra, amRtasara, san 1972, pR0 166. 66. uttarAdhyayana, 6/7, 9/54, 117. 67. pravacanasAra, 6 / 57-66. 68. mUlAcAra-vRhatpratyAkhyAna saMstarastavAdhi 11 tathA paMcArAdhikA gA0 238, 239 dvAdazAnuyoga, gA0 736.

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200 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 69. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 70. vahI, 1 / 3 / 3 evaM 1 / 5 / 6. 71. vahI, 1 / 3 / 3 evaM 1 / 5 / 6. 72. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 4. 73. uttarAdhyayana, 31 / 2. 74. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 75. vahI, 2 / 15. 76. vahI, 2115. 77. vahI, 2 / 15. 78. vahI, 2 / 15. 79. praznavyAkaraNasUtra dvitIya saMvaradvAra-1. 80. AcArAMga, 1 / 8 / 3. 82. sampA0 zrIrAmanAtha 'sumana' gAMdhIvANI, prakA0, sAdhanA sadana, 69, ___ lakaragaMja, ilAhAbAda, san 1947, pR0 57. 83. AcArAMga, 1 / 85. 84. AcArAMga, 1187. 85. uttarAdhyayana, sarvArthasiddhi parISaha 86. oghaniyukti, saTIka gA0 64. 87. Avazyaka ( hAribhadrIya vRtti ), pR0 661-62, uddhRta-dharma aura darzana le0 zrIdevendramuni zAstrI, prakA0 sanmati jJAnapITha lohAmaNDI, AgarA, prathama saMskaraNa san 1967, pR0 189. 88. uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 44. 89. AcArAMga, 2 / 1 / 10. 90. vahI, 2 / 1 / 10, ( AtmArAmajI ) sUtra-56-57. 91. AcArAMga, 2 / 1 / 15. 92. dazavakAlika, 9 / 2 / 22. 93. AcArAMga, 2 / 1. 94. vahI, 1 / 2 / 3. 95. vahI, 1 / 2 / 3 96. vahI, 1 / 17. 97. giitaa-6|32 evaM IzAvAsyopaniSad, 6, 7. 98. AcArAMga, 11113. 99. vahI, 1 / 5 / 5. 100. vahI, 1 / 5 / 5. 101vahI, 1 / 4 / 1. 102. dazavakAlika cUNi a0 1, 103. haribhadra, assttkprkrnn-16|5. 104. vahI, 16 / 5. 105. yogazAstra prakAza-2 106. AcArAMga, 1 / 2 / 2. 107. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-saMvaradvAra 1. 108. vahI, 1. 109. samantabhadra, bRhatsvayambhUstotra, mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA prathama AvRtti vI0 saM0 2458, sUrata, neminAtha jinastuti gA0 119. 110. AcArAMga, 215. 111. vahI, 215. 112. vahI, 1 / 3 / 2. 113. vahI, 1 // 3 // 3. 114. vahI, 11313. 115. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, saMvaradvAra-1. 116. uttarAdhyayana AtmArAma TI0, pR0 1122. 117. gAMdhIvANI, pR0 15, 12-18. 118. zatapatha brAhmaNa, 2 / 1 / 4 / 10.

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paMcamahAvratoM kA naitika darzana : 201 119. tai0 A0 nArAyaNopaniSad 10 / 62-63 'satye sarvaM pratiSThitam' uddhRta sUkti triveNI, sampA0 upA0 amara muni jI, sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI AgarA-2 san 1968, pR0 180. 121. vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, lA janarala prasa, san 1933, ayodhyAkANDa, 1147 evaM 109 / 13. 121. AcArAMga, 1 / 13. 122. 2115. 123. vahI, 2115. 124. vahI, 271 125. uttarAdhyayana, AtmA TI0 pR0 1123. 126. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 127. gAMdhI vANI, pR0 94. 128. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 129. sthAnAMga-1 Asrava dvAra, pR0 42. 130. uttarAdhyayana, 16 / 2-14. 131. manusmRti, 6 / 41 / 49. 132. gautama sUtra, 3 / 11. 133. AcArAMga, 115 / 4. 134. vahI, 1 / 5 / 4. 135. AcArAMga, 115 / 4 para zIlAMkaTIkA, patrAMka 198. 136. praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra, 4 / 1. 137. vahI, 411. 138. yogadarzana, 2038. 139, sUtrakRtAMga, 116 / 23. 140. uttarAdhyayana, 16 / 16. 141. vahI, 16 / 17. 142. yogazAstra, 2 / 104. 143. jJAnArNava, 11 // 3. 144. atharvaveda, 11 / 5 / 1-2-19-24. 145. sampA0 zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina, ahiMsA vANI ( tIrthaMkara mahAvIra sacitra vizeSAMka ), prakAzaka-a0 vi0 0 mi0 eTA, san 19566-1961, apraila-maI, pR0 63. 146. AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 2. 147. vahI, 113 / 2. 148. vahI, 2115. 149 vahI, 1 / 2 / 6. 150. 102 / 5 evaM 2 / 13. 151. vahI, 1 / 2 / 3, 112 / 6. 152. vahI, 1 / 2 / 3. 153. uttarAdhyayana, 4 / 2. 154. AcArAMga, 1 / 2 / 5. 155. bRhdaarnnykopnissd-2|4|1. 156. manusmRti, 6 / 38. 157. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 158. muni zrI suzIla kumAra, jainadharma-a0 bhA0 zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphresa bhavana, 12 leDI haDiMga roDa, naI dillI, prathama AvRtti, san 1958, 248. 159. AcArAMga, 2 / 16.

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aSTama adhyAya zramaNAcAra savAcAra kA mahatva : ___ AcArAMga sUtra ke TIkAkAra ne jJAna aura cAritra kI carcA karate hue cAritra ( sadAcAra ) kI pradhAnatA pratipAdita kI hai|' yU to samyak darzana aura samyagjJAna bhI mokSa ke kAraNabhUta haiM, kintu mukti kA sakriya kAraNa cAritra hI hai| jJAna aura cAritra meM bheda-rekhA khIMcanA prAyaH asambhava hai, kyoMki donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM arthAt jJAna ke binA cAritra nahIM aura cAritra ke binA jJAna nahIM / jJAna kI pUrNatA meM cAritra samAhita ho jAtA hai aura tabhI mukti prApta hotI hai| isase sadAcAra kA mUlya sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| kintu sadAcAra kyA hai ? Atma svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA aura jinakathita vidhi-niSedha rUpa upadezoM para pUrNa AsthA rakhate hue bhalIbhA~ti unhIM ke anurUpa AcaraNa karanA ho sadAcAra hai| isa dRSTi se sadAcAra do prakAra kA hai-nizcaya AcAra aura vyavahAra AcAra / jaba AtmA ke dvArA AtmA meM ramaNa karatA hai taba nizcaya AcAra hotA hai| isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMga meM kahA hai _ 'je aNaNNadaMsI se aNaNNarAme je aNaNNarAme se aNaNNadaMsI / jo ananya ( AtmA) ko dekhatA hai vaha AtmA meM ramaNa karatA hai, jo AtmA meM ramaNa karatA hai vaha AtmA ko dekhatA hai| isa prakAra Atma-ramaNa aura Atma-darzana kA yaha krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai| kintu jo AcAra meM ramaNa nahIM karate ve svayaM Arambha karate hue AcAra ( saMyama ) kA upadeza dete haiN| ve svacchandAcArI aura viSayAsakta haiN| aura naI-naI AsaktiyoM ko utpanna karate haiN| isa prakAra svasvarUpa meM ramaNatArUpa naizcayika AcAra kisI dUsare para AdhArita nahIM hotA, vaha to svAzrita hai / isake viparIta asat pravRttiyoM se nivRtti aura sat kriyAoM meM pravRtti karanA vyavahAra-cAritra hai| paMcamahAvratoM kA pAlana samiti-guptirUpa AcaraNa, parISaha-sahana Adi saba vyavahAra cAritra

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zramaNAcAra : 203 hai, jo ki naizcayika AcAra ( sAdhya ) ko prApti meM parama sahAyaka hai| prAcIna kAla se hI adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM sadAcAra yA cAritra kA gauravapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / vAstava meM yaha sadAcAra naitika jIvana kA vaha mUlya hai jisake dvArA manuSya naitika dRSTi se ucca se uccatara sopAna kI ora agrasara hotA jAtA hai aura antataH isa mUlya nidhi se use parama lakSya kI prApti ho jAtI hai / zramaNa kI vyAkhyA : zramaNa-saMskRti AcAra-pradhAna saMskRti hai| 'AcAra' hI zramaNasaMskRti kI mUlabhUta AtmA hai aura zramaNa-saMskRti kA mUla AdhAra hai 'zramaNa' / AcArAMga Adi prAcIna jainAgamoM meM aneka sthAnoM para zramaNa ke lie 'samaNa', 'susamaNa' Adi zabda vyavahata hue haiN| yahA~ yaha jAna lenA bhI nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki 'zramaNa' kise kaheM aura usakI vyAkhyA kyA hai ? 'zrama tapasi khede ca' arthAt tapa aura kheda ( parizrama ) arthavAdI 'zram' dhAtu se 'lyU' pratyaya lagakara 'zramaNa' zabda banA hai| 'zramaNa' kA mUlabhUta prAkRta rUpa 'samaNa' hai| isakA saMskRta rUpAntara 'zramaNa', 'samana' aura zamana tathA 'zrama', 'sama' aura 'zama' hai| zramaNa kA artha hai-zrama karanA / 'zramaNa' saMskRti kA mukhya uddezya hai, apane hI zrama dvArA svayaM kA vikAsa / manuSya apane utkarSApakarSa ke liye svayaM uttaradAyI hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jo vyakti svayaM ke zrama se, karma-bandhana ko tor3atA hai athavA svayaM ko karma-mukta karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai / apanI mukti ke lie zramaNa sva ke atirikta anya kisI se koI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, usakA ekamAtra Adarza hai kaThora sAdhanA athavA zrama / prakArAntara se, jo apanI pApavRttiyoM ko zAnta karatA hai, vaha 'zamana' kahA jAtA hai / jo prANi-mAtra ko Atmatulya samajhakara kisI ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA hai, sarvatra sama rahatA hai, vaha 'samana' hai| AcArAMga meM 'suzramaNa' kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai uvehamANokusalehiM saMvase, akaMtadukkhA tasathAvarAduhI alUsae savvasahe mahAmuNI, tahAhi se sussamaNe samAhie / jo parISahoM ko sahatA huA athavA madhyasthabhAva kA avalambana karatA huA sAdhanA mArga meM kuzala janoM ke sAtha rahatA hai, jo sabhI ko sukha priya hai duHkha apriya hai-yaha samajha kara trasa aura sthAvara kisI bhI

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204 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana jIva ko paritApa, saMkleza yA pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAtA hai, tathA pRthvI kI bhA~ti saba prakAra ke parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahatA hai, vaha mahAmuni 'zramaNa' yA zreSTha zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra muktimArga kI sAdhanA karane vAlA zramaNa samyagdarzana va jJAna ke sAtha hI samyak AcAra-sAdhanA meM svayaM ko tapAkara bhavabandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai tahA vimukkarassaparinnacAriNo / dhiimao dukkha khamassa bhikkhunno|| visujjhaI jaMsi malaM pure kddN| samIriyaM ruppamalaM va joiNA // jisa prakAra agni cA~dI ke maila ko jalAkara use parizuddha kara detI hai usI prakAra jJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa karane vAlA, dhairyavAna aura kaSTasahiSNu bhikSu sarvasaMgoM se rahita hokara apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA AtmA para lage hue pUrvabaddha karma-mala ko dUra kara use parizuddha yA anAvaraNa banA letA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha zramaNa tapa, tyAga, saMyama, parISaha Adi ko agni meM tapakara arthAt svayaM ke kaThora parizrama se AtmA ko mukta kara 'zramaNa' nAma ko sArthaka kara letA hai| vAstava meM, 'zramaNa' kI AcArasAdhanA kA lakSya karma-pudgaloM ko Atma tattva se pRthak karanA aura zuddha Atma-tattva kI upalabdhi karanA hI hai / zramaNa ke samagra AcAra ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene hetu usake do bhAga kiye jA sakate haiM-(1) sAmAnya zramaNAcAra se sambandhita vicAra (2) aura vizeSa zramaNAcAra se sambandhita vicAra / vaise sAmAnya zramaNAcAra aura vizeSa zramaNAcAra donoM eka dUsare se bhinna nahIM haiN| donoM kA Atmazuddhi hetu hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura donoM kA uddezya mukti-lAbha hI hai / isa taraha donoM eka dUsare meM anusyUta haiM / sAmAnya zramaNAcAra: jo AcAra niyama zramaNa-zramaNI ke jIvana meM nitya prati AcaraNIya hote haiM vaha sAmAnya zramaNAcAra hai| adhyayana kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se sAmAnya zramaNAcAra ke antargata nimnokta pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA jAyegA

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zramaNAcAra : 205 (1) paMcamahAvrata ( pA~ca naitika niyama ) evaM unakI bhAvanAe~ (2) pA~ca samitiyA~ (3) trigupti (4) bAraha anuprekSAe~ ( bhAvanAe~ ) (5) dasavidha yati dharma ( dasa naitika sadguNa ) (6) avagraha yAcanA ( AjJA mA~gane se sambandhI ) AcAra (7) indriya naya yA nigraha (8) para kriyA aura anyonya kriyA sambandhI AcAra (9) cAturmAsa evaM mAsakalpa / vizeSa zramaNAcAra : / jo zramaNa zramaNI vizeSa prasaMgoM para apane pUrva saMcita karmoM kI vizeSa rUpa se nirjarA karane ke lie jina AcAra niyamoM yA sAdhanAoM kA kar3AI se pAlana karate haiM, una niyamoM Adi ko vizeSa zramaNAcAra kahA jAtA hai yathA - kaThoratama tapa, dhyAna, samAdhi kI sAdhanA kaSToM ko sahe binA sambhava nahIM hai aura ghora parISahoM para vijaya pAnA sAmAnya sAdhaka ke balabUte kI bAta nahIM hai ataH ise vizeSa zramaNAcAra kahA gayA hai / isI taraha vizeSa avasaroM para vividha prakAra ke abhigrahoM ke sAtha tapa kA sevana karanA bhI vizeSa sAdhvAcAra hai / isakI spaSTa jhAMkI hameM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke naveM adhyayana meM dRSTigocara hotI hai / sAdhanA ko pUrNataH saphala banAne hetu samAdhimaraNa ( anazana ) rUpa AcaraNa kA pAlana karanA bhI zramaNa kI eka viziSTa caryA hai | isake antargata mukhya rUpa se tIna bAtoM para vicAra kiyA jAgagA - (1) tapa ( 2 ) parISaha aura (3) samAdhi / pAMca mahAvrata aura unakI paccIsa bhAvanAyeM : vrata ( niyama ) - zramaNatva kI sAdhanA meM vrata kA atyadhika mahattva hai / 'vrata' tyAga kA pratIka hai, saMyama kA dyotaka hai / jo maryAdAe~ zAzvata evaM sArvabhauma haiM aura jinase sva-para kA kalyANa hotA hai, ve vrata yA niyama kahe jAte haiM / sAmAnyatayA, vrata-vihIna vyakti kI zaktiyA~ bikhara jAtI haiM / ataH jIvana zakti ko kendrita tathA ucita dizA meM upayoga karane ke lie vratoM kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai / AcAra ke AdhArabhUta stambha : prAyaH pratyeka manuSya ke jIvana meM aneka choTe-bar3e doSa rahate haiM kintu

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206 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana mUlabhUta doSa pA~ca haiM jo zeSa samasta pApoM, doSoM yA burAiyoM ke janaka hai / ve pApa pA~ca haiM - hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ( saMgraha ) | AtmA ko ina pA~ca pApoM se sarvathA mukta karanA hI zramaNa sAdhanA kA pramukha lakSya hai / isa lakSya kI pUrti vratoM se hI sambhava hai / pAtra bheda kI apekSA se inako do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai - aNuvrata aura mahAvrata / aNuvrata kA artha hai jo gRhastha ke lie hai aura mahAvrata kA artha hai saMpUrNa vrata jo zramaNa-dharmaM ke lie hai / pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana sAdhu jIvana kI prathama zarta hai / pravrajita hone vAlA zramaNa sarvaprathama ina pA~ca mahAvratoM (naitika niyamoM ) ko aMgIkAra karatA hai / ye zramaNa AcAra ke AdhArabhUta stambha haiM / pAMca mahAvrata ( pAMca naitika niyama ) : AcArAMga meM pA~ca mahAvrata evaM unakI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kI vizad carcA hai | isa sambandha meM pA~caveM adhyAya meM vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai, ataH yahA~ vistAra meM na jAkara unakA nAma nirdezana kara denA hI paryApta hai / (1) jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva prANAtipAta viramaNa ( ahiMsAmahAvrata ) / (2) jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva mRSAvAda - viramaNa ( satyamahAvrata ) (3) jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva adattAdAnaviramaNa ( asteya mahAvrata ) (4) jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva maithuna viramaNa ( brahmacarya mahAvrata ) (5) jIvanaparyanta ke lie sarva parigraha viramaNa (aparigraha mahAvrata ) / ' paccIsa bhAvanAyeM : AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI tRtIya cUlA meM ukta pA~ca mahavratoM kI sthiratA tathA vizuddhi ke lie paccIsa bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI haiM / pratyeka mahAvrata kI pAMca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM, jo nimnAnusAra haiM (1) gamanAgamana sambandhI sAvadhAnI (2) mana kI apApakatA (3) vANI kI apApakatA (4) AdAna-nikSepa sambandhI sAvadhAnI (5) Alokita pAna bhojana ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ ahiMsA mahAvrata ko sudRr3ha karatI haiM /

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(2) satya mahAvrata kI 5 bhAvanAyeM : (1) vANI- viveka (2) krodha-tyAga (3) lobha-tyAga zramaNAcAra : 207 (4) bhaya-tyAga (5) hAsya tyAga inake pAlana se satyamahAvrata pUrNataH surakSita rahatA hai / (3) asteya mahAvrata kI 5 bhAvanAyeM : (1) soca vicArapUrvaka mitAvagraha ko yAcanA / (2) anujJApita pAna - bhojana grahaNa karanA / (3) avagraha kA avadhAraNa karanA / (4) abhIkSNa ( puna: punaH ) vastuoM kI maryAdA karanA / (5) sAdharmika se parimita padArthoM kI yAcanA karanA / ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ asteya mahAvrata kI sudRr3hatA ke lie haiM / (5) brahmacaryaM mahAvrata ko 5 bhAvanAyeM : (1) strI kathA kA varjana (2) striyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke avalokana kA varjana (3) pUrvAnubhUta kAma-krIr3A kI smRti kA niSedha (4) ati mAtrA aura praNIta pAna-bhojana kA varjana (5) strI, pazu Adi se saMsakta zayyAsana kA varjana / ina pA~coM bhAvanAoM ke pAlana se brahmacarya vrata vizuddha rahatA hai / (5) aparigraha mahAvrata : (1) manojJa - amanojJa zabda meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA ( samabhAva ) (2) manojJa - apanojJa rUpa meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA ( samabhAva ) (3) manojJa - amanojJa gandha meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA (samabhAva ) (4) manojJa-amanojJa rasa meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA ( samabhAva ) (5) manojJa-amanojJa sparza meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA ( samabhAva ) * uparyukta 5 bhAvanAe~ aparigraha mahAvrata kI surakSA ke lie batAI gaI haiM / samavAyAMga' aura prazna vyAkaraNa' meM bhI mahAvratoM kI 25 bhAvanAoM kA varNana milatA hai /

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208 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana pAMca samitiyAM: ___ artha-'samiti' zabda ke lie AcArAMga meM samie 'yA' samio zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 'samia' zabda 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka 'iN' gato dhAtu se banA hai| sam kA artha hai-samyak prakAra se aura iNa kA artha gati yA pravRtti hai| ataH 'samiti' kA artha haA-'samyaga iti pravRtIti samitiH' arthAt samyak pravRtti / isa prakAra AcArAMga meM samie 'yA samia' pada kA prayoga samyak prakAra se gati yA pravRtti karane ke artha meM huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM isakA artha acchI taraha se jAnA yA pravRtti karanA hotA hai| saccA zramaNa samiti ke pAlana karane meM antarmukhI ho jAtA hai / vaha samiti, gupti, saMyama, tapa, saMvara Adi ke sevana se mukta hokara AtmA ko bhAvita karatA haA vicaratA hai / ye samitiyA~ mahAvratoM kI rakSA evaM pAlana meM sahAyaka hone se zramaNAcAra kA Avazyaka aMga mAnI gaI haiN| ahiMsA vrata kI 5 bhAvanAoM ke antargata bhI samitiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra samitiyA~ 5 haiM-IryAsamiti, bhASA-samiti, eSaNA samiti, AdAnanikSepaNa samiti aura pariSThApanikA samiti / (1) IryA samiti : IryA samiti kA sambandha gati yA gamanAgamana se hai / IryA kA artha hai-calanA / ataH calane phirane meM samyaka prakAra se pravRtti karanA hI IryAsamiti hai / zramaNa ko eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAne-Ane kI AvazyakatA par3ane para jIvoM kI rakSA karate hue vivekapUrvaka gamana karanA caahie| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki IryA samiti se yukta saccA nirgrantha hI muni hai| viveka yA sAvadhAnI pUrvaka gamana karane vAlA muni pApakarma kA bandhana nahIM karatA / 1 bauddha paramparA meM bhI etad viSayaka vivecana milatA hai / bauddha bhikSu bhI apanI paramparA ke niyamoM ke anusAra calatA hai| zramaNa-zramaNI ko sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM grAmAnugrAma vihAra karanA par3atA hai| isI kasauTI para unakA vyaktitva nikharatA hai| vaha ATha mahIne nirantara pAda-vihAra karatA hai aura cAra mahIne eka sthAna para sthira vAsa karatA hai| muni ATha mahInoM meM sva-kalyANa karate hue apane sadupadezoM se logoM ko cAritrika vikAsa kI zikSA dete hue pada-yAtrA karatA rahatA hai / AcArAMga meM IryA samiti se sambandhita aneka niyama prastuta kiye gaye haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM

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zramaNAcAra : 209 muni kaise cale: __ (1) zramaNa-zramaNI vivekapUrvaka citta ko gati meM ekAgra kara, patha para dRSTi TikA kara cale / jIva-jantu ko dekhakara, paira ko saMkucita karake aura mArga meM Ane vAle prANiyoM ko dekhakara cale / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki AcArAMga meM jo IryA samiti viSayaka caryA varNita hai use dRSTigata rakhate hue dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM 'IrtheSaNA' nAmaka adhyayana kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai tatho gAmANugAmaduijjamANassa-isa sUtra meM dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sampUrNa IryA adhyayana kA mUla vidyamAna hai| (2) dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM varNana hai ki muni ko yatanApUrvaka nIce dRSTi rakhakara Age cAra hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue calanA cAhie / calate hue paira ke nIce koI jIva jantu dikhAI de to paira ko U~cA rakhakara calanA cAhie, saMkucita kara calanA cAhie, Ter3hA rakhakara calanA caahie| yadi anya sApha mArga ho to usa mArga se jAnA caahie| kintu jIvayukta sIdhe mArga para nahIM calanA caahie| yadi choTe rAstoM meM bIja, hariyAlI, jala, miTTI evaM kSudra jantu adhika hoM to sAdhu ko usa sIdhe aura choTe mArga ko chor3akara lambe rAste se hI vihAra karanA caahie| yadi anya mArga na ho to vivekapUrvaka usa rAste se vihAra kare jisase jIvoM ko koI kaSTa na pahuMce / 2 kaba vihAra na kare: (1) IryApatha ke niyamoM ke anusAra varSA Rtu meM mArga meM jIva-jantu, hariyAlI utpanna ho gaI ho to muni varSAkAla ( cAturmAsa ) paryanta pravAsa na kare / eka hI sthAna para Thahare / (2) varSA Rtu bIta jAne para mArga-nirdoSa ho jAne para muni ko tatkAla vihAra kara denA cAhie kintu varSARtu ke pazcAt yadi punaH varSA ho jAe aura usake kAraNa mArga meM jIva-virAdhanA kI sambhAvanA ho to vihAra nahIM karanA caahie|' kina pradezoM meM na jAeM : / (1) anya mArga ke hote hue muni ko do-cAra yA pA~ca dina meM ullaMghana karane yogya lambI aTavI ke mArga se bhI nahIM jAnA caahie| (2) jahA~ cora, mleccha, anArya loga rahate hoM, una kSetroM meM vihAra na kre|

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210 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana isI taraha rAjA se rahita rAjya, gaNarAjya, alpavayaskarAjya, dvirAjya evaM azAMtiyukta rAjyoM kI ora bhI muni vihAra na kare / 14 mArga meM nadI par3ane para: vihAra karate hue yadi mArga meM nadI par3a jAya to naukA ke binA pAra na kara sakane kI sthiti meM bhikSu naukA kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| isa viSaya meM kucha nirdeza isa prakAra haiM (1) jo sAdhu ke nimitta mUlya se kharIdI gaI ho, (2) udhAra lI gaI ho, (3) paraspara adalA-badalI kI gaI ho, (4) yadi sAdhu ke uddezya se nAvika naukA ko jala se sthala meM, aura sthala se jala meM lAtA ho athavA jala se paripUrNa naukA ko khAlI karake yA kIcar3a meM phaMsI huI naukA ko bAhara nikAla kara lAtA ho to aisI naukA meM muni na baiThe / (5) adhogAminI aura urdhvagAminI naukA para savAra hokara nadI pAra na kare / kevala tiryaggAminI naukA se nadI pAra kre| (6) naukA meM ArUr3ha ho jAne ke bAda yadi nAvika sAdhu ko naukA khIMcane, bA~dhane, calAne athavA chatrAdi ko grahaNa karane yA bAlaka ko pAnI pilAne Adi kA koI bhI kArya karane ke liye kahe to aise kAryoM ko nAvika ke AdezAnusAra nahIM karanA cAhie kintu usa samaya mauna vRtti dhAraNa kara Atma-cintana meM saMlagna rahanA caahie| (7) naukA meM chidra dvArA jala bharatA huA dekhakara bhI kisI se nahIM kahanA caahie| aisI sthiti meM zarIra upakaraNAdi ke prati nirmamatva rakhanA cAhie, anAsakta, prazastalezyAyukta tathA AtmArAdhanA meM samAhita hokara vicaraNa karanA caahiye| isa taraha IryAsamiti kA pAlana karate hue zramaNa-AcAra kA pAlana karanA caahie|15 ___ muni ko ekAnta meM jAkara bhANDopakaraNa kA pratilekhana karanA cAhie, tatpazcAt sAre zarIra kI pratilekhanA va pramArjanA karanA cAhie aura sAgArI bhakta-pAna kA pratyAkhyAna ( tyAga ) karatA huA eka paira jala meM aura eka paira sthala para rakhakara vivekapUrvaka naukA para car3hanA caahie| tathA naukA para car3hate hue naukA ke Age-pIche yA madhya meM nahIM baiThanA cAhie / aMgulI dvArA uddezya ( sparza ) kara tathA aMgulI U~cI karake jala ko nahIM dekhanA cAhie " nAvika ke AdezAnusAra kArya na karane para loga muni ko pakar3akara nadI meM pheMkane lageM to muni unase kahe ki Apa jabaradastI mata pheMkiye /

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zramaNAcAra : 211 maiM svayaM hI jala meM praviSTa ho jaauuNgaa| phira bhI yadi loga yA nAvika use pakar3a kara pheMka deM to bhikSu ko harSa yA zoka nahIM karanA caahie| na unake ghAta-vighAta kI bAta socanI cAhie aura na unase kisI taraha kA pratizodha lene kI bhAvanA ho rakhanI caahiye| vaha rAga-dveSa ke dvandva se pare hokara samAdhipUrvaka jala meM praveza kara jAe / tadanantara apakAyika jIvoM kI rakSA kI bhAvanA se nadI meM bahatA huA apane hAtha paira yA zarIra kA paraspara sparza na kare aura na apane kAna, nAka, A~kha Adi meM bharate hue pAnI ko hI nikaale| zAnti se bahatA huA nadI ke taTa para pahu~ca kara bAhara nikala jAe aura taba taka vahA~ sthira hokara khar3A rahe jaba taka ki usakA zarIra va upadhi sUkha jaae| unake sUkha jAne para vahA~ se yatanApUrvaka anyatra vihAra kre| yahI ahiMsaka sAdhu kI sAdhanA kA ujjvala svarUpa hai|17 kaise gamana na kare: ___ muni rAste meM dUsare logoM se vArtAlApa karate hue vihAra yA gamana na kre| IryAsamiti pUrvaka vihAra kare anyathA mArga meM bAtacIta karane para jIva rakSA nahIM ho skegii| vihAra karate hue yadi rAste meM jaMghA pramANavAlI nadI A jAe aura usake atirikta jAne kA anya upAya na ho to use pAra karane ke lie muni pahale samUce zarIra kA pratilekhana kare / tadantara vivekapUrvaka eka paira jala meM aura eka paira sthala meM rakhatA huA nadI pAra kare / jala meM calate hue muni ko hAtha-paira-zarIra Adi kA paraspara sparza bhI nahIM karanA caahie| usake bAda jaba pUrA zarIra sUkha jAe taba zarIra kA pramArjana kara yatanApUrvaka gamana karanA cAhie / 19 __nadI pAra karane ke bAda muni vihAra karate hue miTTI, kIcar3a Adi se sane hue apane pairoM ko harI vanaspati, ghAsa Adi se sApha na kare athavA hare pattoM ko ekatra kara unase masala kara miTTI ko na utAre aura na harI vanaspati ko kucalatA huA cle| 'hariyAlI para calane se mere ra svataHhI sApha ho jAe~ge' isa bhAvanA se hariyAlI kA sparza na kre| aisA karane se pApa bandha hotA hai| ataH use hariyAlI se rahita mArga ko dekhakara yatanApUrvaka gamana karanA cAhie / 20 yadi anya mArga ho to muni ko khAI, koTa, toraNa argalA, gaDDhe, guphAe~ Adi aise viSama rAste se bhI vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki

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212: AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aisA mArga doSayukta hotA hai tathA jisa mArga meM dhAnya, zakaTa, ratha yA senA kA par3Ava ho athavA sainika loga ghUma rahe hoM to usa rAste se muni vihAra na kare / kyoMki usa mArga se jAne para ve loga sAdhu ko guptacara samajha kara vividha prakAra se kaSTa de sakate haiN| anya mArga na ho to usa mArga se jAne para yadi sainika loga sAdhu ko pakar3a kara kaSTa deM, bhujAoM ko pakar3akara khIMce, taba bhI use prasanna va ruSTa nahIM honA cAhie apitu aise vikaTa samaya meM samabhAvapUrvaka kaSToM ko sahanA cAhie / 21 vihAra karate hue yadi mArga meM kheta kI kyAriyA~, guphAe~, mahala, parvata ke Upara bane hue ghara, talaghara, vyantara ke sthAna, lohakArazAlA, nadI ke samIpastha nimna pradeza, aTavI ke viSama sthAna, kUpa-tAlAba, jhIleM, nadiyA~, gahare jalAzaya Adi tathA aise hI anya prakAra ke sthAna A jAeM to unheM aMgulI ke nirdeza dvArA yA zarIra ko U~cA-nIcA karake nahIM dekhanA cAhie kyoMki isase rAga-bhAva bar3hatA hai, kautUhala bar3hatA hai, mana sAMsArikatA kI ora jhukatA hai| guru ke sAtha calane kI vidhi : guru ke hAtha, paira Adi se apane hAtha, paira Adi kA sparza karate hue na cale, kisI taraha kI AzAtanA karate hue na cle| yadi mArga meM koI vyakti mila jAe aura pUche ki Apa kauna haiM, kahA~ se A rahe haiM aura kahA~ jA rahe haiM to guru ke rahate hue use bIca meM nahIM bolanA caahie| use to IryA samiti kA pAlana karate hue unake sAtha vihAra-caryA meM pravRtta rahanA cAhie / 22 vihAra-mArga meM nirbhIkatA : ___ vihAra karate hue mArga meM muni ko madonmatta baila, zera, cItA, sA~pa Adi hiMsaka jantuoM kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAe to unheM dekhakara bhayabhIta nahIM honA cAhiye aura na idhara-udhara unmArga para jAnA cAhiye, na vRkSa para car3hanA cAhiye, na vistRta evaM gahare jala meM praveza karanA cAhiye aura na kisI senA yA anya sAthiyoM kA Azraya hI DhaMr3hanA cAhiye apitu nirdvandva bhAva se samAdhipUrvaka apane mArga para calate rahanA cAhiye / yaha bhI kahA hai ki yadi rAste meM cora ekatra hokara A jAe~ to sAdhu unase bhayabhIta na ho tathA unase bhayabhIta hokara mArga chor3akara idhara-udhara na jAya / samAdhipUrvaka vihAra-caryA meM pravRtta rahe / koI bhI kisI taraha kA kaSTa de to bhI muni mana-vacana aura kAyA se unase pratizodha lene kI

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zramaNAcAra : 213 bhAvanA na rakhe / isI taraha cora ke vastra pAtrAdi chIna lene, phor3a dene, yA unake dvArA mAra-pITa karane para bhI muni samAdhi bhAva na chor3e aura gA~va meM pahu~cane para bhI unake sambandha meM kisI se kucha bhI na kahe, yahI zramaNa kA samagra AcAra hai / 23 sAdhaka kabhI bhayagrasta nahIM hotA / bhaya to usI ke mana meM panapatA hai, jisakI sAdhanA yA ahiMsA meM abhI pUrNatA nahIM AI hai| jitane jitane aMza meM jIvana meM ahiMsA ( naitika sAdhanA ) kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai, utane aMza meM bhaya dUra hotA jAtA hai aura jaba jIvana meM ahiMsA ota-prota ho jAtI hai to bhaya pUrNataH miTa jAtA hai / isa prakAra zramaNa ko IryAsamiti sambandhI sampUrNa vivecanA meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA sannihita hai / vaidika 24 evaM bauddha paramparA 25 meM bhI bhikSuoM ke pravAsa ke sambandha meM isa taraha calane kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai / (2) bhASA samiti : bhASA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai - satyabhASA, asatyabhASA, mizra - bhASA aura asatyAmRSA yA vyavahAra bhASA / asatya aura mizrabhASA kA tyAga kara satya aura asatyAmRSA ( vyavahAra bhASA ) bhASA ko vizuddha rUpa se bolanA bhASA samiti hai arthAt pApamaya aura sAvadya vacana kA tyAga kara saMyata, priya aura pAparahita vANI kA prayoga karanA ho bhASA samiti hai | sAvadya va sadoSa vacana bolane vAlA nirgrantha nahIM hai / sadoSa bhASA kA parityAgI vyakti ho muni kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki sadoSa saMbhASaNa se jIva- hiMsA hotI hai / ataH zramaNa ko bolate samaya bhASA ke sabhI doSoM kA parityAga kara vivekapUrNa vANI kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie / 26 pratyeka vyakti AvazyakatAnusAra apane vicAroM yA bhAvoM ko bhASA dvArA vyakta karatA hai / AcArAMga meM zramaNa zramaNI ke lie sambhASaNa kI vidhi-niSedha rUpa aneka maryAdAe~ nirUpita haiM / zramaNa ko kaisI bhASA bolanI cAhie ? kaisI bhASA nahIM bolanI cAhie Adi bAtoM para yahA~ vicAra kara lenA ucita hai / AcArAMga ke 'Aikkhe vimae kiTTe viyavI ' tathA 'aNuvIya bhikkhU dhammamA ikkhamAna' sUtra ke AdhAra para dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhASaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra muni ko zabdoM tathA bhAvoM kA jJAna honA cAhie, jisase vaha bolate samaya bhAvoM ko spaSTa evaM zuddha rUpa se vyakta kara sake / vacana, vibhakti-liMga Adi vyAkaraNa sambandhI jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai /

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214 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana zramaNa-zramaNI ko aisI bhASA bolanA niSiddha hai(1) krodha-mAna-mAyA aura lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI ke marma ko bhedane vAlI kaThora evaM saavdybhaassaa| (2) nizcayAtmaka bhASA yathA-kala avazya varSA hogI athavA nahIM hogI, bhikSArtha gayA huA sAdhu bhikSA lekara AyegA athavA nahIM AyegA aadi| isI taraha vacana, liMga aura kAla sambandhI vacana Adi ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara sambhASaNa kre| jisa viSaya meM jaba taka vastu tattva kA pUrNatayA nirNaya na ho jAe taba taka vaha nizcayAtmaka evaM asaMdigdha bhASA kA prayoga na kare kyoMki paristhitivaza vaha kArya usa rUpa meM nahIM haA to satya mahAvrata meM doSa lgegaa|27 muni ko zAstra-viruddha ayathArtha bhASA kA kadApi prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| yathA-AkAza, bAdala, bijalI Adi ko deva kahakara sambodhita nahIM karanA cAhie / 28 bhASA ke ukta cAra prakAroM meM se asatya aura mizravacana kA bilkUla prayoga na kiyA jAya / kevala satya aura vyavahAra vacana hI sAdhaka ke lie upayukta haiN| yadi satya vacana bhI sAvadha, kaThora, karkaza, niSThura, karma-bandhakArI, chedana-bhedana, paritApa evaM upadravakArI, jIvopaghAtaka ho to muni ko kadApi nahIM bolanA cAhie / 29 vivekapUrNa nirdoSa vacana hI bolanA cAhie anyathA mauna rahanA cAhie / kisI puruSa athavA strI ko bulAte samaya unake nahIM sunane para unheM he golaka ! he mUrkha ! he kapaTI ! he mRSAvAdo ! Adi apamAnapUrNa, tuccha sambodhana nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki aisI bhASA bolane se sunane vAloM ko Thesa lagatI hai, AghAta lagatA hai| yadi kabhI kisI ko bulAnA Avazyaka ho to use he AyuSman ! he upAsaka ! he dharmapriya ! ityAdi madhura aura priya zabdoM kA sambodhana karanA cAhie / 30 yadi koI vyakti kaThina roga se pIr3ita ho athavA jinake hAtha-paira, kAna, nAka Adi avayava kaTe hue hoM, khaNDita hoM, galita hoM to saMyamazIla muni unake prati marmabhedI cubhanevAlI bhASA kA prayoga na kare / yathA-he gaMDI ! he kuSThI / he madhumehI ! Adi unakA nAma lekara bulAne se unake mana meM AghAta pahu~catA hai| ve kruddha bhI ho sakate haiN| ataH bhASA samiti ke sAdhaka ko aisI bhASA kA upayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / parantu yadi kisI vyakti meM koI viziSTa guNa ho to muni use usa guNa se yathA-he tejasvI ! he ojastrI ! he yazasvI ! ityAdi sambodhanoM se pukAra sakatA hai|'

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zramaNAcAra : 215 prANimAtra ke prati dayAzIla hotA hai / ataH bolate samaya use unake hitoM kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| kisI gAya, bhaiMsa, hariNa, pazu-pakSI, jalacara tathA per3a-paudhe, vRkSa-bagIce, phala-phUla, vanaspati aura auSadhi ko dekhakara aisI bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie jisase una jIvoM ko kisI taraha kA kaSTa pahu~ce, unakA chedana-bhedana ho yA unakI hiMsA ho / yathA - yaha phala tor3ane aura khAne yogya hai, yaha auSadhi kATane yogya hai, yaha baila yuvA hai, yaha vahana karane yogya haiM, yaha puSTa zarIra vAlA hai, dRr3ha saMhanana vAlA hai, yaha gAya praur3ha hai, dohane yogya hai, vRkSa kATane yogya hai / isa vRkSa kI lakar3I stambha, mahala, toraNa, argalA nokA Adi banAne yogya hai, muni ko aisI rAga-dveSa pUrNa bhASA kA prayoga na karake sadaiva hitakArI, AdarapUrNa bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie | 32 .135 AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke savvAmagaMdha pariNNAyanirAma gandho parivvae, 33 tathA tatthiya iyarehi kulehi suddhesaNAe savvesaNAe, 34 'AdissamANe kavikkaesu' 5 sUtroM meM tathA 'sebhikkhU parikkamejja vA ciTTejja vA 36 sUtra meM nirdiSTa bhikSAcaryA ko mUlabhUta AdhAra mAnate hu dvitIya zruta skandha meM piNDeSaNA adhyayana kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha 'vatthaM paDiggahaM, kaMbalaM pAyapucchaNaM oggahaM ca' 37 tathA 'sebhikkhU parikka mejja - -- JORDAANA - se" ahesaNijjAiM vatthAI , 3 Adi sUtroM meM dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sampUrNa vastreSaNA, pAtraSaNA, avagraha pratimA, zayyaiSaNA adhyayana kA mUla vidyamAna hai / jAjjA, muni ko yaha nahIM kahanA cAhie ki yaha AhAra acchA banA hai / yaha kalyANakArI aura avazyakaraNIya hai / yadi kucha kahanA par3e to itanA hI kahe ki yaha Arambha se banA hai / yaha sAvadya kArya hai / yaha varNAdi se yukta hai / isI taraha zabda rUpAdi ko bhI acchA burA nahIM kahanA cAhie apitu inake viSaya meM nirdoSa evaM yathArtha hI bole / 40 kaSAyapUrNa yA avivekapUrNa evaM zIghratA meM asatya bhASaNa kA honA sambhava hai ataH saMyamaniSTha muni ko krodha - mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA tyAga karake soca-vicAra kara dhIre-dhIre bolanA cAhie / isa taraha ekAnta niravadya, hita- mita, asaMdigdha, saMyata evaM yathArthaM bhASA kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie / yahI muni kA bhASA samiti ke rUpa meM samyak AcAra hai / 41

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216 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana (3) eSaNA samiti : eSaNA kA artha hai khoja yA gvessnnaa| isa prakAra gaveSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA aura grAsaiSaNA sambandhI AhAra ke 47 doSoM kA parityAga kara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka nirdoSa evaM prAsUka AhArAdi grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai / ataH zramaNa-zramaNI ko ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke liye eSaNA sambandhI doSoM se bacanA caahiye| ___ AdhyAtmika siddhi ke liye zarIra pramukha sAdhana hai aura zarIra ko svastha evaM sAdhanA ke liye sakSama rakhane ke liye AhAra kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / saMyama sAdhanA ke liye AhAra anivArya hai| AcArAMga meM zramaNa-zramaNI jIvana ke liye saMyamita vihAra ke sAtha hI zuddha, sAtvika evaM parimita AhAra kA vizeSa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / azuddha, tAmasika evaM sadoSa AhAra mAnasika vikRti paidA karatA hai| AcArAMga meM isIlie zramaNa-zramaNI ke lie sadoSa, svAdiSTa ( gariSTha ) AhAra grahaNa karane kA spaSTa zabdoM meM niSedha hai| upaniSadoM meM kahA hai ki AhArazuddhau satvazuddhiH satvazuddhau dhruvaasmRtiH|42 AhAra kI zuddhi se satva zuddhi hotI hai / satva kI zuddhi se buddhi nirmala banatI hai, smRti tAjA banI rahatI hai aura smRti ke lAbha se manuSya kI saba graMthiyA~ khula jAtI haiN| dharmAcaraNa evaM tapa-saMyama kI ArAdhanA ke liye zArIrika sthiti honI cAhie / parantu isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kahatA hai ki nirdoSa evaM eSaNIya bhojana bhI svAda ( rasa ) lolupatA kI vRddhi ke liye nahIM honA caahie| sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki zramaNa-zramaNI AhAra karate samaya svAda-lolupatA se grAsa ko bAe~ jabar3e ( kapola ) se dAhine jabar3e meM na le jaaye| isI taraha svAda lete hue use dAhine jabar3e se bAe~ jabar3e meM na le jAye apitu asvAda-vRtti se AhAra grahaNa kre| 43 AhAra kI bhAMti hI vastra-pAtra, AvAsAdi kI gaveSaNA karate samaya bhI udgamAdi eSaNA-sambandhI sabhI doSoM ko TAlane kA vidhAna hai| ina para yahA~ kramazaH vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| sadoSa AhAra: (1) dvIndriyAdi prANiyoM se saMsakta, zAli-cAvala, bIja, harI sabjI se yukta mizrita athavA sacitta jala se gIlA, sacitta miTTI se avaguMThita azanAdi AhAra /

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zramaNAcAra : 217 (2) sAdhu ke nimitta se jIvahiMsA karake banAyA gayA, kharIdA gayA, udhAra liyA gayA, chInakara liyA gayA, sAmane se lAyA gayA tathA svAmI kI AjJA ke binA diyA jA rahA, aisA caturvidha AhAra puruSAntarakRta ho yA apurussaantrkRt| usameM se kisI dUsare ne svIkAra kiyA ho yA nahIM kiyA ho, khAyA ho yA nahIM khAyA ho aisA aneSaNIya AhAra / isI taraha eka yA aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie banAyA huA AhAra bho grAhya nahIM hai / 44 zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, bhikhArI Adi ke uddezya se samArambha kara banAyA gayA AhAra bhI agrAhya hai|" jaba taka ki vaha puruSAntarakRta nahIM huA hai yA upayoga meM nahIM le liyA gayA hai, kintu doSoM se rahita AhAra muni le sakatA hai|4| isa niyama ke dvArA anya bhikSuoM, zramaNoM ko hAni nahIM pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai| isI taraha jo azanAdi AhAra bhATa Adi ke liye banAyA gayA hai kintu abhI taka unako sauMpA nahIM gayA hai, aisA AhAra bhI grAhya nahIM hai| (3) sacittajala yA thor3e uSNa jala se hAtha, bartana Adi ko dhokara diyA jAne vAlA AhAra / (4) yadi gRhastha ne bhikSA dene hetu hAtha Adi nahIM dhoe haiM kintu apane kAryavaza dhoe haiM phira bhI gole hAtha yA pAtra se diyA jAne vAlA aahaar| (5) isI prakAra sacitta raja aura miTTI, khArI aura pIlI miTTI, khar3iyA, haratAla, ziMgarapha, manaHzilA, aMjana, lavaNa, gerU, tuvarikA, piSTa-vinA chanA cUrNa, kukkusa cUrNa ke chAna se, pIlU parNikA Adi Ardra pattoM ke cUrNa Adi se saMsakta hAthoM yA bhAjana se diyA jAne vAlA AhAra / yadi hAtha yA bartana sacitta padArthoM se saMspRSTa nahIM hai to muni aisA nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| sacitta raja se yukta cAvala Adi anAja ke dAnoM ko sAdhu ko dene ke uddezya se sacitta-zilA yA makar3I ke jAloM se yukta zilA para pIsakara yA vAyu meM jhaTakakara dene para bho grahaNa na kre|49 isI bhA~ti bIDa ( khAna ) evaM samudrI namaka ko bhI grahaNa na kare / 50 saMkhaDi ( sAmUhika bhoja) kA AhAra bhI na le| (6) isI taraha bhIti para, stambha para, maMca para, chata para, prAsAda para yA kisI anya U~ce sthAna para rakhA huA AdhAra yadi nIce utAra diyA

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218 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana gayA ho / kyoMki aise U~ce yA viSama sthAna para rakhe hue AhArAdi ko caukI, phalaka, paTTA, sIr3hI para car3hakara utArate samaya gRhastha kA paira phisala jAe, gira par3e to usase usake zarIra kA koI bhI avayava TUTa sakatA hai aura usake girane se anya trasa yA sthAvara jIvoM kI virAdhanA sambhava hai / ataH mAlAhRta (U~ce sthAna se utAra kara diyA jAne vAlA) AhAra muni grahaNa na kare / miTTI yA bA~sa kI koTI se nIcA, kubar3A yA tirachA hokara nikAla kara diyA gayA AhAra bhI agrAhya hai / 51 miTTI se lIpakara banda kie hue bartana meM rakhA huA AhAra agrAhya hai / kyoMki isase pRthvIkAya kI evaM usake sAtha hI apa (jala), teja (agni), vAya, vanaspati aura sakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura avaziSTa padArthoM kI surakSA ke lie punaH usa bartana ko miTTI ke lepa se banda karane para pazcAt karma doSa bhI lagatA hai| sacitta miTTo para rakhA huA AhAra bhI agrAhya hai / 52 isI taraha apakAya para rakhA huA AhAra bhI akalpya hai| agni para rakhe hue bhAjana se nikAla kara dene para, Aga para rakhe hae ubalate hue dUdha Adi ko jala ke chIToM se ThaMDA kara dene para, agni para rakhe hue bartana ko nIce utAra kara dene para yA use Ter3hA karake dene para yA bhikSu ke nimitta Aga meM IMdhana DAlakara yA iMdhana bujhA diyA jAne vAlA aahaar| ___ ati uSNa azanAdi AhAra ko zUrpa se, tAr3a patra se, zAkhA aura mayUrapiccha se vastra yA vastra khaNDa se, hAtha yA mukha se athavA paMkhA Adi se ThaNDA karake dene para diyA jAne vAlA AhAra / 53 ___vanaspati aura dvIndriyAdi trasakAya para rakhA huA AhAra yA jisa para vanaspati Adi rakho ho vaha AhAra / 54 isI taraha jisa AhAra meM khAne yogya aMza kama hoM aura pheMkane yogya bhAga adhika ho aura gadA kama hA vaha AhAra bhI agrAhya hai| yadi zIghratAvaza gRhastha ne pAtra meM DAla diyA ho to muni use bhalA-burA na kahe apitu ekAnta sthAna meM jAkara khAne yogya bhAga khA le aura zeSa bhAga acitta-nirdoSa sthAna para sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pratiSThApita kara de / 55 AhAra ko grAhyatA-agrAhyatA: zAlo, yava, gehU~ Adi dhAnya, tuSabahula dhAnya athavA sacitta rajayukta

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zramaNAcAra : 219 dhAnya, agni dvArA pakva evaM ardhapakvadhAnya, cUrNa evaM kaNayukta, eka bAra bhunA huA AhArAdi grahaNa na kare, kintu zAlI Adi dhAnya aura unakA cUrNa nirdoSa ho, do-tIna bAra bhuna liyA gayA ho to aisA nirdoSa evaM eSaNIya AhAra muni grahaNa kara sakatA hai / 56 vanaspati-patra, puSpa evaM phala kI agrAhyatA: pippalI, miraca Adi vibhinna prakAra ke cUrNa, Amraphala, ambADagaphala, tAr3aphala, latAphala, surabhiphala Adi pIpalavRkSa ke patte, vaTavRkSa ke patte, pipparI vRkSa ke patte, nandIvRkSa ke patte Adi, tathA AmravRkSa kA komala phala, kapittha kA sukomala phala, anAra kA sukomala phala, bilva kA sukomala phala, isI taraha nyagrodha phala kA cUrNa, udumbara phala kA cUrNa, vaTavRkSa ke phala kA cUrNa, azvattha (pIpala ) kA cUrNa tathA isI prakAra anya cUrNa jo ki kaccA aura zastra pariNata nahIM huA hai, aisA AhAra agrAhya hai / 57 isI taraha ikSukhaNDa, kaserU, siMghAr3A, utpala (kamala), kamala kI DaMDI, kamala kA mUla, kamala kA kesara Adi tathA agrabIja, mUlabIja, skandha bIja, parvaboja, agrajAta, mUlajAta, parvajAta aura nAriyala, khajUra va tAr3a kA madhya bhAga, ikSa, sAchidra ikSu tathA jisakA varNa badala gayA ho, tvacA phaTa gaI ho, zyAla Adi dvArA makSita phala, Astika nAma vRkSa vizeSa kA phala, tinduka, bilva aura zrIparNI Adi ke phala jo ki kumbhI (garta ) meM rakhakara dhue~ Adi se pakAe gae hoM, tathA zalyAdi ke kaNa, kamizrita roTI, cAvala, cAvala kA ATA, tila, tila-parpaTikA aura bhI isI taraha ke anya padArtha va vanaspati jo ki sacita hai, apakva hai tathA zastra pariNata nahIM huA hai aisA AhAra bhI agrAhya hai / 58 yahI bAta auSadhi para bhI lAgU hotI hai| ukta donoM se rahita auSadhi grAhya hai / 59 bhikSA hetu gamana : bhikSA hetu muni anya mata ke sAdhuoM, pArzvastha sAdhuoM evaM gRhastha yAcakoM ke sAtha kisI ke ghara meM praveza na kare aura unake sAtha nikale bhI nhiiN| isI taraha zauca-svAdhyAya evaM vihAra meM bhI inake sAtha na jAve / arthAt muni ko saMyama-sAdhanA kI zuddhi ke lie svataMtra rUpa se jAnA caahie|

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220 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana muni apane dvArA lAyA huA azanAdi AhAra anya tIrthI sAdhuoM ko na to svayaM de aura na kisI se dilavAve, arthAt unake sAtha AhArAdi kA vyavahAra na kare / bhikSA ke liye ayogya kula : ___ jahA~ nityapiNDa, agrapiNDa, nitya bhAga yA nitya caturtha bhAga diyA jAtA hai, una kuloM meM sAdhu-sAdhvI ko bhikSA hetu nahIM jAnA cAhie / isI taraha kSatriya kuloM meM, unase bhinna rAjakuloM meM, ekadezavAsI rAjAoM ke kUloM meM, rAja praveza daNDapAzika kUloM meM aura rAjavaMzastha kUloM meM nimaMtraNa karane para yA nahIM karane para bhikSA ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie|12 bhikSA ke liye yogya kula : sAdhu-sAdhvI ko ugrakula, bhogakula, rAjanyakula, kSatriyakula, ikSvAku kula, harivaMzakula, gopAlAdi kula, vaizyakula, nApitakula, vaddharkI ( bar3haI) kula, grAmarakSakakula, tantuvAyakula tathA isI prakAra ke aura bhI anindita evaM ahita kuloM meM bhikSA hetu jAnA cAhie / gRhastha ke ghara bhikSA hetu na jAne ke avasara : ___ aSTamI ke pauSadhavrata ke mahotsava evaM arddhamAsika, dvimAsika, traimAsika, cAturmAsika, paMca evaM SaTmAsika mahotsava, Rtu, Rtu sambandhI evaM Rtu parivartana mahotsava hoM aura vahA~ bahuta se zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, atithi Adi ko azanAdi caturvidha bhojana karAyA jA rahA ho-aise prasaMgoM para muni kA bhikSA hetu nahIM jAnA cAhiye / / 4 isI taraha rudra, skandha, indra, mukundabaladeva mahotsava, deva, bhUta va yakSa mahotsava, nAga, stapa, caitya, vRkSa, giri, guphA, kUpa, tAlAba, nadI, sarovara, samudra sambandhI mahotsava, pitRpiNDa yA mRtakapiNDa se sambandhita utsavoM para zAkyAdi bhikSu, kRpaNa Adi bhojana kara rahe hoM aura vaha bhojana abhI pUrA upayoga meM nahIM le liyA gayA ho to muni ko vahA~ jAkara AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / unake bhojana karake cale jAne ke bAda gahastha ko bhojana karate dekhakara muni vahA~ jA sakatA hai yA gRhastha de to (prAsuka) nirdoSa jAnakara vaha AhAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai|65 bhikSA hetu niSiddha mArga : jisa mArga meM madonmata baila, bhaiMsa, manuSya, ghor3e, hAthI, siMha, vyAghra bher3iyA, cotA, rocha, aSTApada, godar3a, bilAva, kutte, sUara, kokaMtika

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zramaNAcAra : 221 ( zyAla jaisA jaMgalI jIva ) aura sarpa Adi jAnavara baiThe yA khar3e hoM to anya mArga ke hone para sAdhu-sAdhvI usa mArga se bhikSA hetu na jAve / jisa mArga meM rasa kI AzA se kukkuTa, sUara Adi pazu-pakSI tathA agrapiNDa bhojana kI kAmanA se kauve Adi ekatra hokara baiThe yA khar3e hoM to anya mArga ke hote hue ina sabako lA~ghakara muni ko usa mArga se nahIM jAnA caahie| isI prakAra sAdhu-sAdhvI ko viSama mArga se bhI bhikSA ke liye nahIM jAnA cAhiye, yathA-kheta kI kyAriyA~, khAI, koTa, toraNa, argalA, argalA-pAza par3atA ho, bhale ho vaha mArga sIdhA hI kyoM na jAtA ho| isI bhA~ti jisa mArga meM gaDDhe, sthANu, kA~Te, utAra-car3hAva, U~cI-nIcI jamIna aura phaTI huI yA kaTI huI bhUmi ho usa rAste se bhI bhikSA hetu nahIM jAnA caahie| ise AcArAMga meM karmabandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai / 7 ukta viSama mArga se jAne se saMyama va Atma-virAdhanA hone kI sambhAvanA hai / yathA-ukta mArga se jAne se sambhava hai muni ke zarIra meM kampana hone para yA paira Adi ke phisala jAne para vaha gira jAe aura taba usakA samUcA zarIra malamUtra, zleSma, vamana, pitta zukra yA rudhira se lipta ho jAe taba lipta zarIra ko sApha karane ke liye muni sacitta miTTo, patthara, zilAkhaNDa, jIva-jantu se yukta kASTha kA prayoga kara sakatA hai| ataH aisI sthiti meM ukta sacitta vastuoM se apane zarIra ko bArabAra nahIM poMchanA cAhie aura na ho malanA cAhiye balki ekAnta meM jAkara acitta vastuoM se apane zarIra ko sApha kare aura dhUpa meM sukhAkara zuddha kara le| kise lAMghakara na jAye aura kahAM khar3A na rahe : ___ yadi kisI gahastha ke dvAra para zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, grAma-yAcaka ( bhikhArI), atithigaNa pahale se hI khar3e hoM to muni unheM lAMghakara gRhastha ke ghara meM na jAye aura na AhArAdi kI yAcanA kare / gRhastha ke ghara bhikSA hetu jAne para yadi patA cale ki zAkyAdi bhikSu pahale se hI bhItara haiM yA vahA~ bhIr3a lagI hai to muni unake sammukha khar3A na rahe arthAt ve jisa dvAra se nikalane vAle hoM vahA~ khar3A na rahe apitu ekAnta sthAna meM Thahara jAe jahA~ kisI kI dRSTi na pdd'e| gRhastha kA dvAra kaNTaka yA daravAje se banda hone para usa ghara ke

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222 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana vyakti kI AjJA mA~ge binA tathA pratilekhana aura pramArjana kiye binA use kholakara ghara meM praveza na kare aura na niSkramaNa kre| kaise praveza kare-gRhastha kI AjJA lekara pratilekhana va pramArjana kare, tadanantara usa daravAje ko kholakara praveza kare tathA nikale / 70 gRhastha ke ghara khar3e rahane ke liye ayogya sthAna : bhikSA hetu gayA huA muni gRhastha ke ghara kI dvAra-zAkhA ko pakar3a kara khar3A na rhe| isI taraha jisa sthAna para baratanoM ko mAMja-dhokara pAnI girAyA jA rahA hai, jahA~ pIne kA pAnI bahAyA jAtA ho yA baha rahA ho vahA~ khar3A na rhe| jahA~ snAnaghara, pezAbaghara yA zaucAlaya ho yadi una sthAnoM para usakI dRSTi par3atI ho to vahA~ bhI khar3A na rahe / daravAje ke sAmane khar3A na rhe| vahA~ kyA nahIM dekhe-gRhastha ke gavAkSa Adi ko, dubArA saMskArita kI gaI dIvAroM ko, do dIvAroM kI saMdhi ko evaM jalaghara ko bhujAoM se, yA aMgulI se nirdeza karake athavA apane zarIra ko Upara-nIce karake na to svayaM dekhe aura na dUsaroM ko dikhAye / ' bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya zArIrika saMketa kA niSedha : sAdhu-sAdhvI ko aMgulI calAkara, aMgulI se bhaya dikhAkara, aMgulI se zarIra ko khujalAte hue athavA gRhastha kI prazaMsA kara AhAra pAnI kI yAcanA nahIM karanA cAhie aura bhikSAdi na dene para kaThora vacana bhI nahIM kahanA caahie|72 prathama zrutaskaMdha meM sUtrakAra ne 'na me dei kuppijjA thovaM ladhuM na khisae' kahakara isI bAta ko vyakta kiyA hai| bhikSA hetu muni kaba jAye aura kaba na jAye : sAdhu-sAdhvI ko yaha patA lage ki abhI gAe~ duhI jA rahI haiM, azanAdi AhAra taiyAra ho rahA hai, tathA usa AhAra meM se abhI kinhoM dUsare yAcakoM ko nahIM diyA gayA hai, to sAdhu-sAdhvI ko usa ghara meM AhArAdi ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie| jaba muni yaha jAna le ki gAe~ duhA jA cukI haiM, azanAdi AhAra taiyAra ho cukA hai aura usa AhAra meM se dUsaroM ko de diyA gayA hai taba muni ko usa ghara meM bhikSA hetu jAnA cAhie / 74 / / saMkhaDi ( sAmUhika bhojana ) meM jAne ke niSiddha sthAna : jisa dizA meM saMkhaDi ho rahI ho, usa dizA meM bhikSA hetu nahIM jAnA caahie| yathA---gA~va, nagara, kheTa, karbaTa, maMDapa, patana, Akara,

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zramaNAcAra : 223 droNamukha, naigama, Azrama, sanniveza aura rAjadhAnI meM hone vAlI saMkhaDi ( bhojana samAroha ) meM na jAye / yadi sAdhu saMkhaDi (sAmUhika bhojana) kA AhAra karatA hai to vaha auddezika, mizrita, kharIdA haA, udhAra mA~ga kara lAyA huA, chInA huA, dUsare kI AjJA binA liyA huA khAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki saMkhaDi meM jAne se zuddha aura nirdoSa AhAra mila nahIM sktaa|75 sadgRhastha sAdhu-sAdhvI ke saMkhaDi meM Ane kI sambhAvanA se yA use patA laga jAya ki sAdhu-sAdhvI AhAra ke lie isa ora A rahe haiM to vaha unake lie daravAje ko choTA-bar3A banavAyegA, zayyA (sthAna) sama-viSama krvaaegaa| sthAna vAyurahita yA vAyuyukta banavAyegA / upAzraya ke bAhara-bhItara rahI haI hariyAlI kA chedana-bhedana karegA yA zayyA ko vyavasthita banAne hetu hariyAlI jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkegA ukta doSoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara pUrva (vivAhotsavAdi ) aura pazcAt ( mRtakAdi ) saMkhaDi meM nahIM jAnA caahie|76 ___saMkhaDi meM jAne se pArasparika kalaha hone kI bhI sambhAnA rahatI hai, kyoMki vahA~ anya matAvalambI bhikSa bhI ekatra hote haiN| saMkhaDi do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-AkIrNa aura avama / parivrAjaka, caraka Adi bhikSuoM se parivyApta AkIrNa saMkhaDi kahalAtI hai aura jahA~ bhojana kama banA ho aura bhikSugaNa adhika A gaye hoM vaha avama saMkhaDi hai| ___ aise sthAna para jAne para eka dUsare ke zarIrAdi ke sparza se, pAtra Adi ke sparza se, kalaha ho sakatA hai, ataH sAdhu ko vahA~ nahIM jAnA cAhie 77 saMkhaDi bhojana se hAniyA~ : sAdhu-sAdhvI zuddha-sAttvika aura nIrasa bhojI hote haiM aura saMkhaDi ke sarasa, svAdiSTa AhAra adhika grahaNa karane se evaM dUdha Adi peya padArtha pIne se vamana ho sakatA hai yA samyak prakAra se pAcana nahIM hone se zarIra meM visUcikA, jvara-zUlAdi roga utpanna ho sakate haiN| isake atirikta gahapati va unakI patniyoM, parivrAjaka evaM parivrAjikAoM ke sahavAsa se madirA-pAna kI paristhiti meM brahmacarya kA vrata bhI bhaMga ho sakatA hai (jo AdhyAtmika patana kI dRSTi se eka bhayaMkara doSa hai) isaliye jJAniyoM ne saMkhaDi ko pratikSaNa Asrava-dvAra kahA hai| isa taraha saMkhaDi saMyama-ghAtaka hai / zArIrika mAnasika va AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko

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224 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana naSTa karane vAlI hai| ataH sAdhu-sAdhvI ko saMkhaDi meM nahIM jAnA caahie| 78 muni ko svAda lolupatA ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI saMkhaDi meM jAne ke liye kisI taraha kA chala kapaTa nahIM karanA caahiye|79 AcArAMga meM, usa yuga meM vibhinna avasaroM para hone vAlI sAmiSa aura nirAmiSa saMkhaDiyoM kA ullekha hai| nayI vadhu ke ghara meM praveza karane ke avasara para, vadhU ke jAne ke avasara para yA mRtaka ke nimitta, yajJAdi kI yAtrA ke nimitta hone vAlI yA mitra-parijanoM ke sammAnArtha taiyAra kI jAne vAlI saMkhar3iyoM se anya logoM ko bhojana le jAte hue dekhakara saMyamI sAdhu ko vahA~ bhikSA hetu nahIM jAnA cAhie, kyoMki vahA~ jAne se aneka doSa laga sakate haiM-yathA-mArga meM bahuta se prANI, bIja, hariyAlo, osakaNa, pAnI, sUkSma nigodAdi ke jIva, paMcavarNa, phala, Ardra miTTI, jAle hone se unakI virAdhanA hogI tathA svAdhyAya meM bhI bAdhA utpanna hogii| isa prakAra jina saMkhaDiyoM meM zAkyAdi bhikSugaNa Adi kA janasamUha ekatra ho rahA ho unameM prajJAvAna muni ko bhikSArtha nahIM jAnA caahie| / ukta prakAra saMkhaDiyoM meM jAne se yadi mArga meM kisI taraha kI virAdhanA ko sambhAvanA na ho aura yahA~ bahuta se zAkyAdi mikSu nahIM Ae~ge, jana-samUha bhI kama ekatra ho rahA hai yA bhIr3a bhI jyAdA nahIM hai tathA svAdhyAya meM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM A sakatI hai aisA jAnakara muni ukta saMkhaDiyoM meM A sakatA hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne bhI ApavAdika sthiti meM ukta saMkhaDiyoM meM jAne aura bhikSA grahaNa karane ko kahA hai| isI taraha, uttarAdhyayana 2, bRhatkalpa 3 aura nizothasUtra meM bhI saMkhaDi" meM jAne kA niSedha kiyA hai| bAhara jAte samaya kI maryAdA : AhAra, zauca, svAdhyAya ke lie apane sthAna se bAhara jAte samaya tathA vihAra karate samaya muni ko apane sabhI dharmopakaraNa sAtha lekara jAnA cAhie / yahI bAta vastraiSaNA aura pAtraiSaNA ke sambandha meM bhI hai| bRhadezavyApo vAriza ho rahI ho, kuharA chAyA ho, A~dhI cala rahI ho tathA asaMkhya trasa jIva idhara-udhara ur3a evaM gira rahe hoM to sAdhusAdhvI ko AhArAdi ke lie bAhara nahIM jAnA caahie|

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zramaNAcAra : 225 pazcAt aivaM karma doSa yukta AhAra kA niSedha : zraddhAlu sadgRhastha apane yahA~ padhAre hue sAdhu-sAdhvI ko dekhakara paraspara bAtacIta kare ki ye zramaNa saMyama niSTha, zIlavAna evaM parama brahmacArI haiN| AdhArmika AhAra inheM nahIM kalpatA hai, parantu 'jo apane lie banA hai vaha inheM de deM aura apane lie phira banA leNge'| isa taraha kI bAtacIta sunakara sAdhu ukta AhAra ko pazcAt karma se dUSita jAnakara grahaNa na kre| __isI taraha, kinhIM kAraNoM se sthiravAsI yA vicArazIla sAdhusAdhvo ke kisI gA~va yA rAjadhAnI meM mAtA-pitA Adi sambandhIjana nivAsa karate haiM to unheM bhikSA-kAla ke pahale hI una gharoM meM bhikSA hetu nahIM AnA-jAnA cAhie, kyoMki bhikSA ke samaya se pUrva ho Ae hue dekhakara ye ve una munirAjoM ke lie sadoSa AhArAdi taiyAra kareMge, ataH unheM pUrva karma ke doSa se bacanA cAhie / bhikSA kA samaya ho taba sAmudAyika ( bahuta gharoM kI bhikSA) rUpa se nirdoSa AhAra kI eSaNA karanI caahie| adhika AhAra A jAne para kyA karanA cAhiye : yadi grahaNa karane ke bAda AhAra adhika baca gayA ho to sAdhu apane samIpastha upAzraya meM sthita, sAmbhogika, svadharmI sAdha-sAdhviyoM se usa avaziSTa AhAra ko khAne ke lie nivedana karanA caahiye| unheM nivedana kiye binA yA dikhAye binA usa bace hue AhAra ko pheMkanA nahIM cAhie, yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to mAyA kA sevana karatA hai| pAnIH nadI, tAlAba Adi kA pAnI sacitta hotA hai| ataH sAdhu-sAdhvI ko kaisA pAnI lenA cAhie, isake lie aneka niyama batAye gaye haiN| pAnI kI sadoSatA evaM nirdoSatA : cUrNalipta bartana kA pAnI ( A~Te kA hAtha lagA huA pAnI), tila Adi kA pAnI, cAvala kA pAnI tathA isI prakAra anya pAnI jo ki zastra-pariNata ho gayA hai, jisakA svAda yA varNAdi rasa badala gayA hai, aisA prAsuka evaM eSaNIya jala sAdhu-sAdhvI grahaNa kara sakate haiM / isI taraha tila, tuSa, yava, cAvala ke dhovana evaM uSNa-jala ko bhI grahaNa kara sakate haiN| kintu sacitta pRthvI para, jIva jantuoM se saMsakta padArtha para yA sacitta jala se gIle hAthoM, sacitta pRthvI, raja Adi se yukta hAthoM 15

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226 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aura bartana se dene para sAdhu ko jala grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie|12 cUrNa se lipta pAnI, tila, cAvala Adi kA pAnI tathA anya isI prakAra kA pAnI yadi tatkAla nikAlA huA hai, svAda nahIM badalA hai, varNAdi nahIM badalA hai zastra pariNata nahIM huA hai to vaha pAnI grAhya nahIM hai| isI taraha Amraphala, kapitthaphala, mAtuliMgaphala, drAkSAphala, anAra, khajUra, karIra, nAriyala, bera, A~valA, imalI Adi kA pAnI, jo ki guThalI, chAla evaM bIja mizrita hai to vaha pAnI grAhya nahIM hai| yadi sAdhu ke nimitta se bA~sa kI chalanI, vastra yA bAloM kI chalanI se pAnI chAnakara tathA usameM se guThalI bIja Adi chalanI se nikAla kara deM to muni ko vaha bhI pAnI grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| sAta-sAta pratijJAoM ke sAtha AhAra-pAnI kI gaveSaNA : nirdoSa evaM ramaNIya AhArAdi prApta karane kA dRr3hatara abhyAsa karanA hI ina pratijJAoM kA mukhya uddezya hai| AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa yA ahiMsA mahAvrata ko zuddha rakhane ke liye ye pratijJAe~ sopAna rUpa haiN| AcArAMga meM sAta piNDaiSaNA aura pAnaiSaNA kA varNana hai, ataH sAdhusAdhvI ko inakA jJAna kara tadanusAra AcaraNa karanA caahie| nimnokta sAtaabhigraha pUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra-pAnI kI gaveSaNA karanI caahie| (1) acitta padArthoM se alipta hAtha evaM alipta pAtra se AhAra kI yAcanA karanA yA gRhastha svayaM de to prAsuka jAnakara grahaNa kara lenA prathama piNDaiSaNA hai / isI abhigrahapUrvaka pAnI ko bhI grahaNa karanA prathama pAneSaNA hai| (2) acitta vastu se lipta hAtha evaM pAtra se pUrvavat nirdoSa jAnakara AhAra grahaNa karanA dvitIya pratijJA hai| isI bhA~ti pAnI grahaNa kI dvitIya pAneSaNA hotI hai| (3) alipta hAtha aura lipta bhAjana tathA lipta hAtha aura alipta bhAjana ho aisI pratijJApUrvaka AhAra kI yAcanA karanA tRtIya piNDaiSaNA aura pAnaiSaNA hai| (4) tuSarahita cAvala Adi ko, jisameM hAtha yA pAtra dhone tathA punaH AhAra banAne kA pazcAt karma nahIM hai, aisA AhAra grahaNa karanA cauthI piNDaiSaNA hai / cauthI pAneSaNA meM itanA vizeSa hai ki tila yava, Adi kA pAnI grahaNa karane ke bAda pazcAt karma nahIM lagatA hai| (5) gRhastha ne sacittajala se hAtha Adi dhokara apane khAne ke lie kisI bartana meM bhojana rakhA hai| yadi usake hAtha acitta ho cuke haiM to

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zramaNAcAra : 227 usake hAtha se bhojana grahaNa karanA tathA isI prakAra pAnI grahaNa karanA pA~cavIM piNDaSaNA aura pAnaiSaNA hai| (6) gRhastha ne apane lie yA kisI anya ke lie bartana meM se bhojana nikAla kara pAtra yA hAtha meM rakhA hai| abhI usameM se kisI ne khAyA nahIM hai / aise AhAra aura pAnI ko prAsuka jAnakara grahaNa karane kI pratimA ( pratijJA ) karanA chaThI piNDaiSaNA aura pAnaiSaNA hai| (7) jisa AhAra-pAnI ko zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, atithi Adi nahIM cAhate hoM, aise ujjhita dharma vAle AhAra ko grahaNa karane kI pratimA (pratijJA ) karanA sAtavIM piNDaiSaNA aura pAnaiSaNA hai / 14 ukta pratimAghArI manikA anya ke sAtha bartAva : sAdhaka kA uddezya Atma-zuddhi hai| dUsare ke dvArA kI gayI nindA yA avajJA ke Upara uThakara pratyeka kriyA karanI cAhie / isI se AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hai / yadi koI muni saMkalpa yA abhigraha dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai to use hIna dRSTi se dekhanA, apane se nimna koTi kA mAnanA yA usase ghRNA dveSa karanA apane munitva se patita honA hai| isIlie yaha nirdeza hai ki sAtoM ( pratijJA ) pratimA yA unameM se kisI eka-do pratimAoM (pratijJAoM) ko dhAraNa karane vAle muni ko apanI pratijJAoM (pratimAoM ) kA abhimAna nahIM karanA cAhie aura na dUsare ko nimna hI samajhanA caahie| vaha yahI kahe ki ye manirAja bhI pratimAdhArI jinAjJA meM tatpara tathA samAdhipUrvaka vicaraNa karate haiM / isa prakAra nirahaMkAra honA hI sAdhu kI sAdhutA kA samagra AcAra hai / 15 AhAra-pAnI meM samabhAva vRtti : zramaNa-zramaNI ko sarasa aura svAdiSTa AhAra khAkara zeSa rUkSa AhAra ko bAhara nahIM pheMkanA caahie| yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to mAyA kA sevana karatA hai / ataeva use yathAsamaya sugandhita yA durgandhita jaisA bhI AhAra prApta ho samabhAvapUrvaka binA svAda lie khA lenA cAhie / usameM se kiMcit mAtra bhI pheMkanA nahIM caahie| yahI bAta pAnI ke sambandha meM hai| ___ AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM 'subbhi aduvA dubbhi' kahakara isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai|97 niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA se paramAtma-dazA ko prApta karane ke sAdhanabhUta zarIra ko sakSama banAye rakhane ke lie AhAra ko zuddha evaM

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228 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana santulita rakhanA anivArya hai| gItA meM bhI yogI ke liye yukta AhAra kA vidhAna hai| AhAra sAtvika evaM ucita mAtrA meM hI lenA caahie| ataH AcArAMga meM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se AhAra-buddhi ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki azuddha evaM mAtrA se adhika AhAra karane se mana evaM nAr3I saMsthAna zuddha nahIM rhtaa| ataH nAr3I-saMsthAna evaM mana kI nirmalatA banI rahe aura sAdhaka ahiMsA pAlana kI dizA meM kramazaH uttarottara Age bar3ha sake, inhIM tathyoM ko lakSya meM rakhate hue AhAra-sambandhI vidhiniSedha rUpa aneka AcAra-maryAdAoM para kAphI gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vastra: AcArAMga meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie vastra-vidhAna bhI vizada rUpa meM varNita hai| pUrNa ahiMsA ke sAdhaka zramaNa-zramaNI ko vastra viSayaka udgamAdi doSoM se bacanA anivArya hai / use nirdoSa vastra kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie tAki kisI taraha kA doSa na lage / inhIM bAtoM ko duSTigata rakhakara AcArAMga meM vastra sambandhI aneka niyama pratipAdita haiM :grAhya vastra: (1) ( jaMgiya ) Una kA vastra, (2) ( maMgiya ) vikalendriya jIvoM kI roma se banAyA gayA vastra, (3) ( saNiya ) sana tathA valkala se banA huA vastra, (4) ( potaga) tAr3a Adi ke pattoM se banA huA vastra, (5) (khomiya) kapAsa se banA vastra (6) (tulakaDa ) Aka Adi kI rUI se banA huA vastra zramaNoM ke lie grAhya hai| vastra kA pariNAma : ___ AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jo sAdhu taruNa, balavAna, niroga aura dRr3ha zarIra vAlA hai, use eka hI vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, dUsarA nhiiN| parantu sAdhvI ko cAra vastra (cAdara ) dhAraNa karanA cAhie, jinameM se eka cAdara do hAtha caur3I ho, do cAdara tIna hAtha caur3I ho aura eka cAdara cAra hAtha caur3I ho / spaSTa hai ki vRddha evaM rogI sAdhu eka se adhika vastra bhI AvazyakatAnusAra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM eka se tIna vastra rakhane taka ko maryAdA nirUpita hai / 99 sAmarthya hone para muni acelaka bhI raha sakatA hai / 100 isa taraha AcArAMga meM savastratA aura nirvastratA donoM vidhAna upalabdha hote haiN|

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zramaNAcAra : 229 vastra grahaNa karane kI kSetra maryAdA : sAdhu-sAdhvI ko vastra kI yAcanA karane yA prApta karane ke liye Adhe yojana se Age nahIM jAnA caahie|01 pAtra lAne kI bhI yahI maryAdA hai| 102 agrAhya vastra: sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie mahAdhana prApta hone vAle vividha prakAra ke bahumUlya vastra grahaNa karanA niSiddha hai jaise mUSakAdi carma se niSpanna vastra atyanta sUkSma ( mahIna) varNa evaM saundarya se yukta, bakarI yA bakare ke sUkSma romoM se bane vastra, indra nIlavarNa kI kapAsa se nirmita, gaur3a deza kI kapAsa se niSpanna, rezama, malamalasUtra aura valkala tantuoM se nirmita vastra / isI taraha cIna deza, Amiladeza, gajaphaladeza, phaliyadeza, koyaba deza Adi deza-videzoM meM bane hae vizeSa vastra tathA viziSTa prakAra ke kambala sAdhu ke lie agrAhya haiN| carma evaM romoM se nirmita vastra bhI grAhya nahIM haiM-jaise sindhu deza ke matsya ke carma evaM roma se bane hue, sUkSma carma vAle pazuoM ke carma evaM romoM se bane hue kRSNa, nIla evaM zveta mRga ke carma evaM romoM se nirmita vastra patale, sunahale evaM camakIle bahumUlya vastra, vyAghra evaM vRka ke carma se bane hue, sAmAnya evaM vizeSa prakAra ke AbharaNoM se alaMkRta vastra bhI zramaNa ko svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie|103 AThaveM adhyayana meM bhI svalpa evaM sAdhAraNa vastra rakhane kA vidhAna hai| 104 __manusmRti 05 tathA vinayapiTaka' meM bhI saMnyAsI evaM bauddha zramaNoM ke vastra ke sambandha meM ullekha milatA hai / vastra kI sadoSatA __jIva-hiMsA se taiyAra kiyA gayA vastra, eka yA aneka sAdhaoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA vastra, sAdhu ke nimitta kharIdA gayA, dhoyA gayA, raMgA gayA, acchI taraha ghisakara sApha kiyA gayA, zrRMgAra kiyA gayA, dhUpAdi se suvAsita kiyA gayA vastra muni ke liye sadoSa hai| yadi gRhastha ne use apane upayoga meM le liyA hai yA vaha pUruSAntarakRta ho gayA hai to phira muni use grahaNa kara sakatA hai| isI taraha vastra zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa Adi ke lie taiyAra kiyA gayA ho, parantu vaha puruSAntarakRta nahIM huA ho to sAdhu ko aisA vastra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / makar3I, jAle yA anya jIva jantuoM se yukta vastra bhI grahaNa na kre| pazcAt karma ke doSa se dUSita vastra bhI grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / gRhastha dvArA

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230 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ThaMDe yA garama jala se dhokara dene para bhI nahIM lenA cAhie / kanda-mUla yA anya koI bhI vanaspati jisa vastra meM ba~dhI huI ho vaha vastra bhI agrAhya hai / vastra viSayaka sArI vidhi piNDeSaNA ke samAna hI samajhanA cAhiye 107 vastra kI nirdoSatA : jo vastra aNDe, makar3I ke jAle tathA jIva-jantuoM se majabUta ho, dhAraNa karane yogya ho, gRhastha denA cAhatA ho, ko bhI anukUla pratIta ho to sAdhu nirdoSa samajha kara use sakatA hai | 108 vastra grahaNa vidhi : gRhasvAmI dvArA vastra pradAna karane para muni use cAroM ora se pratilekhanA kara grahaNa kare, kyoMki pratilekhanA kiye binA vastra grahaNa karanA karmabandha kA hetu ho sakatA hai / vastra ke anta meM yA kisI kone meM kuNDala, dhAgA, cA~dI-sonA, ratnAdi yA boja, harI vanaspati Adi ba~dhI huI ho arthAt koI bhI sajIva yA nirjIva vastu rakhI huI na ho, isaliye muni vastra ko pahale cAroM ora se avalokana karake hI grahaNa kare / 109 rahita ho, aura sAdhu grahaNa kara vastra kaise dhAraNa kiyA jAya : 10 sAdhu-sAdhvI nirdoSa vastra milane para unheM usI rUpa meM dhAraNa kare parantu vibhUSA ke lie unheM na dhoe, na raMge aura na dhule hue evaM raMge huye vastra pahane / una svalpa aura asAra vastroM ko pahana kara grAmAdi meM jAte samaya chipAkara na cale / yahI savastra muni kA AcAra hai / yahI bAta prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM bhI kahI gaI hai / 111 mujhe anya vastra mila jAyagA isa bhAvanA se muni dhAraNa kiye huye vastra ko varNayukta yA vivarNaM na kare, na phAr3e, na pheMke, na kisI anya sAdhu-sAdhvI ko de aura na unase adalA-badalI kare / 112 vastra kahA~ nahIM sukhAye : jo sthAna gIlA ho, bIja, hariyAlI aura jIvajantu se yukta ho tathA ghara ke daravAje para, dIvAra para, snAna pITha para, nadI ke taTa para, maMca para, U~ce-nIce viSama sthAnoM para, jo acchI taraha ba~dhA huA nahIM hai, nizcala nahIM hai, vahA~ muni vastra na sukhAne apitu ekAnta sthAna meM jAkara nirdoSa bhUmi meM sukhAve / 113

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zramaNAcAra : 231 vastra-gaveSaNA ke cAra abhigraha : __sAdhu-sAdhvI ko vastraiSaNA ke sabhI doSoM ko TAla kara cAra pratimAoM ( abhigraha) pUrvaka vastra kI gaveSaNA karanI caahiye| (1) apane mana meM saMkalpita vastra kI svayaM yAcanA karanA yA gRhastha de to nirdoSa jAnakara grahaNa karanA, yaha prathama uddiSTa pratimA hai| ___ (2) gRhastha ke dekhe hue vastra kI hI yAcanA karanA, dUsarI prekSita pratimA hai| (3) gRhastha kA pahanA huA uttarIya vastra grahaNa karanA, tRtIya paribhukta pUrva pratimA hai| aura (4) ujjhita dharmavAlA ( pheMkane yogya ) vastra grahaNa karanA (jise ki anya zAkyAdi bhikSu koI nahIM cAhatA), yaha cauthI ujjhita dhArmika pratimA hai / 14 pAtra: zramaNa tumbe, kASTha evaM miTTI kA pAtra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| taruNa, svastha evaM sthira saMhanana vAle sAdhu ko kevala eka hI pAtra rakhanA cAhiye, dUsarA nhiiN| 15 prathama zrutaskandha meM bhI eka muni ko eka hI pAtra rakhane kA vidhAna hai|11 pAtra grahaNa karane kI vidhi vastraSaNA ke samAna hI hai| yahA~ kevala itanI vizeSatA hai ki yadi vaha pAtra tela, ghI, navanIta Adi yA anya kisI padArtha se snigdha kiyA huA ho to sAdhu usa pAtra ko lekara sthaMDila bhUmi jAye / vahA~ bhUmi kI pratilekhanA kara pAtra ko dhUla Adi se masala kara rukSa banA leN| pAtra ko sadoSatA: yadi pAtra eka sAdhu ke nimitta se yA aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA ho to muni vaha pAtra grahaNa na kare / zeSa varNana piNDeSaNA va vastraiSaNA kI taraha jAnanA cAhie / zAkyAdi bhikSuoM ke lie banAe gae pAtra ke sambandha meM bhI vastraiSaNA ke varNana ke samAna hI jAnanA caahiye| yadi gRhastha AdhArmika doSayukta AhAra taiyAra kare aura usase pAtra ko bharakara de to bhI muni grahaNa na kre| vaha spaSTa kaha de ki mujhe AdhArmika Adi AhAra lenA nahIM kalpatA hai| vajita pAtra: ____ kASTha, miTTI Adi ke atirikta dhAtu Adi ke pAtra rakhanA sAdhu ke lie niSiddha hai-jaise loha-pAtra, kaDhI ke pAtra, tAmra-pAtra, sose, cA~dI

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232 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aura svarNa-pAtra, pItala kA pAtra, maNi, kA~ca aura kAMsI ke pAtra zaMkha aura zrRMga se bane huye pAtra, dA~ta, vastra, patthara aura carma ke pAtra / isI prakAra vividha mUlya vAle pAtra, aprAsuka evaM aneSaNIya samajha kara grahaNa nahIM karane caahiye| tathA kASThAdi ke grAhya pAtra bhI, jo ki dhAtu se saveSTita haiM arthAt una pAtroM para bhI yadi lauha, svarNa, carma Adi ke bahumUlya bandhana lage hoM to muni grahaNa na kare kintu ukta doSoM se rahita pAtra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| pAtra ko gaveSaNA: muni ko Upara kathita uddiSTa, prekSita, bhukta aura ujjhita dharma yuktacAra pratijJAoM ke anusAra pAtra kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhiye / zeSa maryAdAe~ vastraSaNA ke samAna hI samajhanA cAhiye / 117 zayyaiSaNA ( basato-upAzraya): aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karane ke pazcAt kahA~ ThaharA jAe ? AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa-zramaNI ko AdhArmika Adi doSoM se yukta upAzraya yA makAna kA tyAga kara nirdoSa zayyA ko svIkAra karanA cAhie jisase saMyama sAdhanA meM nikhAra A ske| sadoSa aura nirdoSa zayyA : ____ sAdhu ko kSudra jIva jantuoM, aNDe, jAle, boja aura anAja ke dAnoM se yukta sthAna meM svAdhyAya kAryotsargAdi nahIM karanA cAhie, kintu yadi koI sthAna ukta doSoM se rahita ho to usakA pratilekhana kara vahA~ svAdhyAya, dhyAnAdi kara sakatA hai| _jo upAzraya yA sthAna sAdhu ke uddezya se banAyA gayA ho, kharIda kara, udhAra lekara yA chInakara liyA gayA ho, gRhasthoM ne use upayoga meM liyA ho yA nahIM liyA ho-sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye akalpya hai| isI taraha eka yA aneka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke sambandha meM bhI samajhanA caahiye| jo sthAna zAkyAdi bhikSu ke nimitta se taiyAra kiyA gayA ho aura vaha kisI ke dvArA upayoga meM le liyA gayA ho to muni usameM Thahara sakatA hai| jisa upAzraya yA makAna ko sAdhu ke nimitta lIpA-potA gayA ho, saMvArA gayA ho, tRNAdi se AcchAdita kiyA gayA ho, kASThAdi se saMskArita kiyA gayA ho, bhUmi ko samatala banAyA gayA ho, vaha upAzraya yadi anAsevita ho to sAdhu ko usameM nahIM ThaharanA cAhie aura na hI kAyotsargAdi kriyA karanI caahie|

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zramaNAcAra : 233 isI taraha sAdhu ke nimitta daravAje choTe-bar3e kiye gaye hoM, kandamUla, patra- puSpa, phala, bIja, harI vanaspati Adi ko kATa-chA~Takara sthAna ko sApha kiyA gayA ho, tathA upAzraya meM rakhe huye caukI, phalaka Adi vastuoM ko bAhara se bhItara aura bhItara se bAhara rakhA gayA ho to muni usa Azraya ko taba taka kAma meM nahIM le jaba taka ki vaha sthAna kisI dUsare ke dvArA upayoga meM nahIM le liyA jAya / 118 kaisI zayyA meM ThaharanA varjita : eka stambha para, maMca para, mAle para kisI U~ce sthAna para bane huye upAzraya meM sAdhu ko nahIM ThaharanA cAhiye kinnu vahA~ yadi girane kA bhaya na ho, pahu~cane kA mArga sugama ho to Thahara sakatA hai / U~ce sthAna para sthita sthAna meM kyA na kare : vahA~ jala se hAtha-paira, A~kha, dA~ta, mukha Adi eka bAra yA bAra-bAra na dhoe / mala-mUtrAdi kA visarjana na kare / mukha evaM nAka kA maila, vamana, pitta, ghAva, rudhira Adi gandagI kA vahA~ tyAga na kare | kyoMki yaha karmabandha kA hetu hai / vahA~ malamUtrAdi kA visarjana karane para hAtha pairAdi dhone para phisalane kI sambhAvanA hai / phisalane se zarIra meM coTa A sakatI hai| sAtha hI, anya jIvoM kA ghAta bhI ho sakatA hai ataeva muni ko ukta prakAra ke upAzraya meM ThaharanA niSiddha hai | 119 kaisA upAya niSiddha : (1) strI, bAlaka, pazu tathA unake khAdyAnna padArthoM se yukta upAzraya yA makAna meM na Thahare kyoMki kuTumbavAna makAna meM Thaharane para yadi kabhI sAdhu asvastha ( zarIra kA stambhana, sRjana, visUcikA, vamana, jvara Adi ) ho gayA to vaha gRhastha karuNA bhAva se prerita hokara use vyAdhimukta karane ke liye ghI tela, navanIta, vasA Adi sAvadya yA niravadya auSadhiyoM se usake zarIra ko malegA, prAsuka zItala yA uSNa jala se snAna karAyegA, cUrNAdi se mAliza karegA tathA zarIra kI snigdhatA ko ubaTana Adi se dUra karegA, agni prajjvalita kara usake zarIra ko tapAegA / yadi vaha pratikAra nahIM karegA to usakI saMyama sAdhanA meM doSa laga sakatA hai tathA strI Adi ke paricaya meM rahane se brahmacarya vrata meM zithilatA AyegI / isI taraha aura bhI aneka doSotpatti kI sambhAvanA se sAdhu ko saparivAra gRhastha ke makAna yA gRhasthoM se yukta upAzraya

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234 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana meM nahIM ThaharanA cAhie / 20 uttarAdhyayana meM strI Adi se rahita makAna meM Thaharane vAle sAdhu ko hI nirgrantha kahA gayA hai / 121 / (2) gRhapati gRhapatnI, putriyAM, putra-vadha, dAsa-dAsiyAM, naukaracAkaroM meM paraspara mArapITa, upadrava, Akroza yA unameM hone vAle pArasparika kalaha ko dekhakara sAdha ke mana meM acche-bare saMkalpa-vikalpa A sakate haiM ataH sAdhu ko aise upAzraya meM nahIM ThaharanA cAhiye kyoMki ise pApabandha kA kAraNa kahA hai / 122 __ (3) jahA~ gRhastha prayojanavaza yA niSprayojana agni jalAte evaM bujhAte hoM vahA~ bhI muni ko nahIM ThaharanA cAhiye, kyoMki gRhasthoM ko dIpaka yA agni jalAte evaM bujhAte dekhakara muni ke vicAroM meM parivartana ho sakatA hai aura usakI sAdhanA meM bAdhA par3a sakatI hai / 23 __ gRhastha se yukta upAzraya yA makAna meM vibhinna prakAra ke kuNDala, hAra, kar3e, bhujabandha, maNi-muktA, svarNa, cA~dI Adi bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM evaM vastrAbhUSaNoM se zrRMgArita yuvatI strI evaM kumArI kanyAoM ko dekhakara bhikSu ke mana meM pUrvajIvana sambandhI aneka smRtiyA~ jAga sakatI haiM, vibhinna saMkalpa-vikalpa uTha sakate haiM yathA-pUrvokta AbhUSaNa mere ghara meM bhI the athavA nahIM the / merI kanyA yA strI bhI aisI hI thI athavA aisI nahIM thI Adi se sambandhita bAtacIta karane athavA mana meM tatsambandhI anumodana karane kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| inhI kAraNoM se use parivAra vAle gRhastha ke sAtha nahIM ThaharanA cAhie / 124 / (5) parivAra yukta makAna yA upAzraya meM nivasita bhikSu ko dekhakara gRhapatniyA~, putriyA~, putrabadhue~, dhAyamAtAe, dAsiyA~, anucArikAe Apasa meM vArtAlApa karatI haiM ki ye muni maithuna dharma se sarvathA uparata haiM anyathA ina tyAgI ke samparka (samAgama ) se ojasvI, tejasvI, varcasvI, yazasvI guNa-yukta putra kI prApti ho sakatI hai| isa taraha kI bAtacIta se aise putra prApti kI icchA rakhane vAlo koI strI una tapasvI muni ko kisI bhI taraha saMyama-sAdhanA yA brahmacarya se vicalita kara sakatI hai| isIliye uparyukta doSoM ko sambhAvanA ke kAraNa aise upAzraya meM ThaharanA niSiddha hai / 125 ____ tAtparya yaha hai ki muni ko apane mahAvratoM ke pAlana meM sadaiva sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie kyoMki ahiMsA aura brahmacarya sampUrNa sAdhanA yA AcAra ke mahattvapUrNa AdhAra-stambha haiM, ataH muni ko aise sthAnoM meM nahIM ThaharanA cAhie jisase usake mahAvratoM ke skhalita hone kI sambhAvanA ho /

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zramaNAcAra : 235 kAlAti krama doSa : dharmazAlAdi sthAnoM meM mAsakalpa evaM cAturmAsa kalpa kara cukane ke bAda binA kisI kAraNa punaH-punaH una sthAnoM meM nivAsa karane se kAlAtikrama doSa lagatA hai / 126 upasthAna kriyA doSa : kisI kSetra meM, dharmazAlAdi sthAnoM meM mAsakalpa aura varSAvAsa kara lene ke bAda anya kSetroM meM dugunA yA tigunA samaya vyatIta kie binA hI punaH unhIM sthAnoM meM Akara nivAsa karane se upasthAna kriyA doSa lagatA hai / 27 abhikrAntakriyAyukta Thaharane yogya sthAna : sAdhu ke AcAra-vyavahAra se sarvathA anabhijJa zraddhAlu gRhasthoM ne anya matAvalambI zAkyAdi bhikSuoM, brAhmaNa, atithi, bhikhArI logoM ke uddezya se tathA apane vyavasAya yA parivAra ke uddezya se jahA~-tahA~ dharmazAlA, kArakhAne Adi aneka sthAna banavAye haiM aura yadi una sthAnoM meM zAkyAdi loga Thahara cuke haiM yA Thaharane yogya sthAna gRhastha ne apane kAma meM le liyA hai to abhikrAntakriyA se yukta sthAnoM meM bhikSu Thahara sakatA hai / 120 Thaharane yogya sthAnoM kA varNana vivikta zayanAsana nAmaka tapa meM kiyA gayA hai| anabhikrAntakriyA kA doSa : __ukta Thaharane yogya sthAnoM ko abhI taka kisI ne upayoga meM nahIM liyA hai, ve khAlI hI par3e haiM to vahA~ Thaharane se bhikSu ko anabhikrAnta kriyA kA doSa lagatA hai,129 arthAt aise sthAna meM muni ko nahIM ThaharanA caahie| vayaM kiyA : bahuta se zraddhAlu sadgRhastha, dAsa-dAsI Adi zramaNAcAra se paricita hote haiM aura unakI maryAdA jAnate haiM, ataH ve paraspara bAtacIta karate haiM ki inheM AdhArmika doSa se yukta upAzraya meM rahanA kalpya nahIM hai| ataH apane lie banAe hue vizAla makAnoM, sthAnoM ko inheM de deM aura apane lie dUsare nae makAna banavA leNge| isa taraha kI bAtacIta ko sunakara sAdhu una sthAnoM meM nahIM Thahare arthAt aise sthAnoM meM Thaharane se use varNya kriyA kA doSa lagatA hai| 30 /

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236 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana sAvadha alpasAvadha aura mahAsAvadha kriyA-voSa : kisI gRhastha ne brAhmaNa, atithi, kRpaNa Adi ke sAtha zramaNa ko lakSya meM rakhakara pUrvokta sthAna banavAe~ haiN| yadi bhikSu usameM ThaharatA hai to use sAvadya-kriyA doSa lagatA hai / 11 ___kisI gRhastha ne pRthvIkAyAdi SaTkAya kI hiMsA (Arambha-samArambha) karake kisI zramaNa ke uddezya se upAzraya, makAna, lauha-karmazAlA Adi sthAnoM kA nirmANa karAyA ho athavA sAdhu ke nimitta koI vizeSa kriyAeM (lipAI-potAI, zItala jala kA chir3akAva, daravAje banavAnA, agni prajjvalita karanA Adi ) kI gaI hoM to aise sthAnoM meM Thaharane se sAdhu ko mahAsAvadya kriyA doSa lagatA hai / 132 alpasAvadha kriyA : gRhasthoM ne jahA~-tahA~ apane makAna, bhavana Adi kA nirmANa karAyA ho tathA usameM zItakAla meM agni Adi prajjvalita kI ho aura sAdhu ke nimitta usameM kucha bhI nahIM kiyA gayA ho to muni usameM Thahara sakatA hai / gRhasthoM ke dvArA saharSa die gae aise makAnoM yA sthAnoM meM Thaharane vAle muni 'egapakkhaM te kamma sevaMti' eka pakSa karma kA savana karate haiM arthAt pUrNa sAdhutA kA pAlana karate haiM / yaha alpa sAvadya-kriyA hai / 133 anya mata ke bhikSuoM ke sAtha Thaharane para gamanAgamana vidhi : anya bhikSaoM se bhare hue choTe yA choTe dvAra vAle upAzraya meM ThaharA huA sAdhu rAtri ke samaya Avazyaka kriyA hetu upAzraya se bAhara pUrNa viveka pUrvaka gamanAgamana kare / upAzraya se bAhara jAte samaya aura punaH bhItara praviSTa hote samaya sAdhu pahale hAtha se bhUmi ko TaTolakara yA dekhakara phira paira rakhe jisase anya kisI ke zArIrika avayava yA upakaraNa ko upaghAta na pahu~ce / yadi unake daNDa, chatra, cAmara, bhojana Adi vyavasthita rakhe hae nahIM haiM aura mani bhUmi ko hAtha se TaTolakara nahIM calatA hai to vaha gira sakatA hai / isase usake upakaraNa TUTa sakate haiM athavA usake hAtha, paira Adi meM coTa laga sakatI hai yA phira girane se kSudra jIva-jantuoM kI hiMsA ho sakatI hai| zayyAtara-tyAga-vidhi : ___ muni jisase AjJA le yA jisake makAna meM Thahare, usakA nAma-gotra, ghara Adi kA paricaya prApta kre| usake bAda usake ghara bulAne para athavA nahIM bulAne para bhI gocarI (bhikSA hetu) ke lie nahIM jAve arthAt

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zramaNAcAra : 237 azanAdi caturvidha AhAra na grahaNa kre| 35 jaina paribhASA meM makAna mAlika ko zayyAtara kahA jAtA hai| 'zayyAtara' zabda zayyA + tara do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| 'zayyA' kA artha hai makAna, upAzraya yA sthAna aura 'tara' kA artha hai tairane vaalaa| ataH zayyAtara kA tAtparya hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI ko Thaharane ke lie sthAna dekara saMsAra se tairane vaalaa| Thaharane ke ayogya upAzraya : gRhastha, jala aura agni se yukta makAna yA upAzraya meM prajJAvAna sAdhu-sAdhvI ko praveza aura niSkramaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, dharma-cintana ke lie bhI vaha sthAna upayukta nahIM hai / 134 jisa upAzraya yA makAna meM gRhapati aura gRhapatniyA~, dAsa-dAsiyA~ paraspara kosatI haiM, mArapITa karatI haiM, eka dUsare ke zarIra kI tela, ghI, makkhana Adi se mAliza karatI haiM, jala evaM cUrNa Adi se sApha karatI haiM, maila utAratI haiM, ubaTana lagAtI haiM, pAnI uchAlatI haiM, snAna karAtI haiM, siMcana karatI haiM, aise sthAna meM muni ko nahIM ThaharanA cAhie / 30 bRhatkalpa meM bhI yahI kahA hai / 138 __jisa upAzraya kA praveza mArga gRhastha ke ghara meM se hokara ho, tathA usake aneka daravAje hoM to aise upAzraya meM sAdhu ko ThaharanA evaM svAdhyAyAdi karanA ucita nahIM hai / 139 bRhalkalpasUtra ke anusAra aise upAzraya meM sAdhviyA~ Thahara sakatI haiM / 140 / jisa makAna meM gRhapati-gRhapatniyA~ nagnAvasthA meM khar3I hoM aura maithuna sambandhI carcA karatI haiM athavA koI rahasyamaya kArya ke lie gupta maMtraNA kara rahI haiM to buddhimAn sAdhu ko aise upAzraya meM ThaharanA yogya nahIM hai aura na vahA~ svAdhyAya, kAyotsargAdi hI karanA caahie|141 ___ citroM se AkIrNa upAzraya meM bhI sAdhu kA ThaharanA aura svAdhyAya Adi karanA niSiddha hai / 142 yogya-ayogya ( zayyA-saMstAraka) (zayana karane kA paTTA, phalaka Adi ) jo aNDe, makar3I, jAloM aura jIva jantuoM se yukta ho, bhArI ho, gRhastha jise dekara vApasa lenA nahIM cAhatA ho, DhIlA (zithila) ho to aisA saMstAraka yA paTTA, phalaka Adi milane para bhI muni svIkAra na kre| ina cAroM kAraNoM yA inameM se koI eka kAraNa bhI upasthita ho to grahaNa na kre|| ___ jIva-jantuoM se rahita, halkA, dRr3ha-bandhana yukta aura jise gRhastha ne punaH lenA svIkAra kara liyA hai, vahI takhtA, paTTA yA saMstAraka muni grahaNa kara sakatA hai|43

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238 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana saMstAraka viSayaka cAra abhigraha : bhikSu-bhikSuNI ko uddezya, prekSya, tasyaiva aura yathAsaMstRta ina cAra pratimAoM pUrvaka nirdoSa saMstAraka kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie / (1) tRNa, dUba, palAla Adi kisI eka kA nAma nizcita karanA, yAcanA karanA athavA binA yAcanA kie hI gRhastha de to nirdoSa jAnakara grahaNa karanA prathama pratijJA hai / (2) gRhastha ke ghara meM rakhe hue saMstAraka ko dekhakara usakI yAcanA karanA dUsarI pratijJA hai| _ (3) muni jisa upAzraya meM ThaharanA cAhe yadi usI meM tRNa, palAla Adi se banA huA saMstAraka vidyamAna ho to muni use svIkAra kara sakatA hai / yadi vaisA saMstAraka vahA~ na mile to utkaTuka padmAsana Asana, Adi AsanoM dvArA rAtri vyatIta kare, yaha tRtIya pratimA hai / (4) muni jisa upAzraya meM rahe pRthvI-zilA, lakar3I kA takhtA athavA tRNAdi pahale se hI bichA huA ho to muni usa para zayana-Asana kara sakatA hai anyathA pUrvokta AsanoM dvArA rAtri bitaae| isa prakAra ukta cAra abhigrahadhArI muni anya pratimAdhArI bhikSu kI avahelanA na kare / 144 saMstAraka lauTAne kI vidhi : ___ gRhastha ko lauTAte samaya saMstAraka jIva-jantuoM se yukta nahIM honA cAhie / jIva jantuoM se yukta saMstAraka ko pratilekhanA evaM pramArjana kara sUrya kI AtApanA de| tadanantara yatanApUrvaka sApha kara gRhastha ko loTAnA cAhie / 145 upAzraya meM nivAsa karane ke pUrva kI vidhi : __ zramaNa-zramaNI upAzraya meM sthiravAsa rahe, mAsakalpa evaM cAturmAsa rahe athavA prAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue Akara Thahare / kintu vahA~ Thaharane ke pUrva dina meM mala-mUtrAdi tyAga karane kI bhUmi ko bhalIbhA~ti dekha le| binA dekhI huI bhUmi meM jAne se vaha phisala sakatA hai aura girane se hAthapaira Adi meM coTa A sakatI hai tathA vahA~ sthita anya jIva-jantuoM kA bhI ghAta hogA / 146 saMstAraka bichAne kI vidhi : sAdhu, AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNAvacchedaka, navIna dIkSita tathA Agantuka atithi bhikSuoM ke dvArA svIkAra kI gaI zayana bhUmi ko chor3a

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zramaNAcAra : 239 kara upAzraya ke madhya sthAna meM, sama-viSama, vAyu-yukta yA vAyu-rahita sthAna meM bhUmi kA pratilekhana va pramArjana kare tatpazcAt yatanApUrvaka nirdoSa zayyA-saMstAraka ko bichAye / 147 saMstAraka para baiThane aura zayana karane ko vidhi : ___ muni yadi saMstAraka para baiThanA cAhe to baiThane ke pahale apane samUce zarIra kI pratilekhanA va pramArjanA kara le| tadanantara zayyA para baiThakara yatanA pUrvaka zayana kre| zayana karate hue vaha dUsare sAdhu kI hAtha-paira yA zarIra dvArA AzAtanA na kare arthAt isa taraha zayana kare ki ekadUsare kA avinaya na ho| isake atirikta ucchvAsa-niHzvAsa lete hue, khAMsate hue, jaMbhAI lete hue aura apAna vAyu chor3ate samaya mukha ko evaM gudA ko hAtha se DhaMkakara vivekapUrvaka sabhI kriyAeM kare / 148 hara paristhiti meM samatAmaya AcaraNa : ___ saMyama-sAdhanA meM tatpara zramaNa-zramaNI ko kisI samaya sama yA viSama zayyA mile, havA-rahita yA havAdAra sthAna mile, dhUlayukta yA dhUlarahita, DAMsa-macchara yukta yA usase rahita zayyA mile, jIrNa-zIrNa yA sudRr3ha zayyA mile, upasarga yukta yA upasarga rahita zayyA mile, sabhI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva pUrvaka nivAsa kare / kheda kA anubhava na kare / anukUla sthAna upalabdha hone para rAga na kare aura pratikUla sthAna milane para dveSa na kare / vAstava meM yahI sAdhu kI sAdhutA hai aura isI patha para gatizIla sAdhaka carama sAdhya prApta kara sakatA hai| bhAvAna-bhaNDa nikSepa samiti : upakaraNoM yA vastuoM ko uThAne-rakhane meM samyak pravRtti kA nAma hI AdAna-nikSepa samiti hai / nirgrantha tapasvI isa samiti kA vivekapUrvaka pAlana karatA hai| bhikSA hetu jAne se pUrva kI vidhi : ____saMyamazIla muni bhikSA ke lie jAne se pahale pAtrAdi kA samyak rUpa se pratilekhana kare / yadi usameM kSudra jIvajantu hoM to bAhara nikAla kara ekAnta meM chor3a de, raja Adi pramAjita kara de| tadanantara yatnapUrvaka bhikSA ke lie jAe kyoMki binA pratilekhana ora pramArjana kie pAtra ko le jAne se usameM rahe hue jIva-jantu, bIja Adi kA ghAta ho sakatA hai|49 pariSThApanikA samiti : mala-mUtra, nAka kA zleSma Adi kA ekAnta, nirdoSa, niravadya evaM

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240 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana nirjIva bhUmi meM viveka pUrvaka pratiSThApana arthAt vyutsarjana pariSThApanikA samiti hai| uccAra-prastravaNa-nihAra : __ AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki AhAra ke sAtha nihAra to nizcita hai / svAdhyAya bhUmi meM avasthita sAdhu ko malamUtrAdi kI bAdhA ho jAe to malAdi kA kahA~ aura kaise pratiSThApana karanA cAhie, AcArAMga meM ise uccAra-prasravaNa kahA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki muni ko vyutsarga yogya ghaNita padArthoM ko aise sthAna para tyAganA cAhie jisase na to kisI jIva kI hiMsA ho aura na usase kisI vyakti ko aprIti utpanna ho| yahA~ bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ho dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa samUce adhyayana sAmagrI ko hama tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Takara vicAra kara sakate haiM: sthaNDila bhUmi kI sadoSatA evaM nirdoSatA : aNDAdi jIvajantuoM se yukta bhUmi para mala-mUtra kA parityAga na kare kintu nirjIva, nirdoSa sthAna para tyAga kare / ___ sthaNDila bhUmi kI sadoSatA evaM nirdoSatA sambandhI sArA varNana zayyaiSaNA kI bhA~ti hI jAnanA cAhie / 150 kina sthAnoM para vyutsarga na kare : ___ sArvajanika upayogI sthAnoM meM malamUtrAdi visarjana kA viSedha karate hue nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki-cAvala, gehU~, mUga, ur3ada, yava, jvAra Adi ke kheta meM, kapittha vanaspati vizeSa ke kheta meM, tathA mUlI, gAjara Adi ke khetoM meM malotsarga na kre| kUr3e-kacare ke Dhera, phaTI evaM kaTI huI bhUmi, khambhe evaM kIleM gar3I bhUmi, gahare gaDDhe, guphAe~, kile kI dIvAla Adi tathA jahA~ kIcar3a evaM ikSu Adi ke DaNDe par3e hoM, sama-viSama bhUmi ho, vahA~ bhI mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga na kare kyoMki vahA~ jova-hiMsA ko sambhAvanA hai| ___ jahA~ cUlhe hoM, gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, ghor3A, kukkuTa, bandara, hAthI, cir3iyA, totara, kabUtara Adi ke nivAsa sthAna hoM athavA jahA~ para inake liye koI kriyAe~ kI jAtI hoM vahA~ bho mala-mUtra kA pratiSThApana nahIM karanA cAhiye / isake atirikta phA~sI dene ke sthAna, giddha-pakSI ke sAmane girakara marane ke sthAna, vRkSa evaM parvata para car3hakara vahA~ se girakara marane ke sthAna, viSa-bhakSaNa evaM agni meM jalakara marane ke sthAna para bhI pratiSThApana nahIM karanA cAhiye /

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zramaNAcAra : 241 bagIcoM meM, pyAU meM, devakUloM meM, sArvajanika sthAnoM meM bhI malamUtra kA tyAga karanA nahIM cAhiye anyathA kisI ke mana meM krodha A jAne se aniSTa kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai ! isI taraha devAlayoM, sarovaroM, nadiyoM va tIrtha sthAnoM arthAt jahA~ para loga ekatra hokara snAna Adi karate hoM, nadI ke taTavartI kIcar3a ke sthAnoM para, jala ke pravAha rUpa pUjya sthAnoM, bagIcoM ko jala dene vAlI nAliyoM meM bhI malamUtra kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhiye / jahA~ mRtaka jalAye jAte hoM, mRtaka stUpa ho, mRtaka maMdira ho, vahA~ malotsarga na kre| isI taraha bIjaka, saNa, dhAtakI, ketakI, Amra, azoka, nAga evaM punnAga vRkSoM ke vana meM tathA isI bhA~ti patrapuSpa, phala, bIja aura harI vanaspati ke vana meM bhI malamUtra kA tyAga nahIM karanA caahiye| ___ rAjamArga nagara ke bar3e dvAra, tripatha, catuSpatha Adi vizeSa sthAnoM para bhI malotsarga nahIM karanA cAhiye / 151 ___isa prakAra sAdhu-sAdhvI apanI saMyama-sAdhanA yA jIva kI rakSA ke sAtha hI gA~va, nagara, bAga-bagIce Adi kI svacchatA samApta na ho tathA unake AcaraNa se kisI ke mana meM aruci yA ghRNA bhAva paidA na ho ina bAtoM ko bhI dRSTigata rakhakara malamUtrAdi kA tyAga karane kA vidhAna hai| malamUtra ke utsarga ke yogya sthAna : sAdhu-sAdhvI bagIce yA upAzraya ke ekAnta sthAna meM jAyeM jahA~ koI vyakti na dekhatA ho, aura na koI AtA jAtA ho, tathA jahA~ para dvIndriyAdi jIva-jantu makar3I Adi ke jAle bhI na hoM, aisI acitta (nirjIva) bhUmi meM malamUtra kA visarjana karanA cAhiye / tatpacAt sAdhusAdhvI usa pAtra ko lekara ekAnta sthAna meM jAyeM, jahA~ para kisI kA AvAgamana na ho, tathA jahA~ kisI jIva kI virAdhanA na hotI ho aura jo jala Adi sacitta padArthoM se rahita ho usa bagIce kI acitta bhUmi meM, agni se dagdha bhUmi meM aura bhI isI taraha kI nirdoSa bhUmi meM malamUtra kA pariSThApana karanA caahie|152 ___sAdhu-sAdhvI ko apane mahAvratoM kI rakSArtha samitiyoM ke paripAlana meM sadaiva tatpara rahanA caahiye| tIna gupti : 'gup rakSaNe artha vAlI dhAtu se 'ktin' pratyaya hokara' 'gupti' zabda

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242 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana banA hai jisakA artha hai indriyAM tathA mana-vacana va kAyika yogoM kA samyak rUpa se saMgopana karanA arthAt unheM asat pravRtti se haTAkara AtmAbhimukha karanA hI gupti hai / guptiyA~ tIna haiM--manogupti, vacana gupti aura kAya gupti / (1) manogupti : manogupti kA artha hai-mana kI caMcalatA kA gopana / pApajanaka, sAvadha, kriyAyukta Asrava karane vAle, chedana-bhedana karane vAle, dveSakArI, paritApajanaka, prANaghAtaka evaM jIvopaghAtaka kutsita saMkalpoM se mana ko nivRtta karanA hI manogupti hai| nirgrantha ko azubha vRttiyoM meM jAte hue mana ko pApamaya vicAroM se rokakara manogupti kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karanA cAhie kyoMki aisA nahIM karane se kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM usase jIva hiMsA hotI hai / 153 (2) vacana gupti : ___AcArAMga ke anusAra vacana ko vizuddha banAye rakhanA hI vacana gupti hai| yaha ahiMsA vrata kI advitIya bhAvanA hai| usake antargata batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko sadoSa vANI kA parityAga kara vANIsaMyama kA pAlana karanA caahiye| jo vacana pApamaya, sAvadha, jIvopaghAtaka tathA kriyAyukta ho, kaThora evaM kaSTajanaka ho, usa vacana kA prayoga yA uccAraNa nahIM karanA hI vacana gupti hai / '54 (3) kAya gupti : AcArAMga meM batAyA hai ki nirgrantha ko mana aura vacana ke sAtha hI zArIrika pravRtti ko zuddha rakhanA athavA kAyika saMyama rakhanA Avazyaka hai| cUMki use apanI saMyama-sAdhanA meM Avazyaka vastra-pAtra Adi upakaraNa uThAne-rakhane kI bhI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| isalie jarUrata par3ane para use vaha kArya pUrI sAvadhAnI se karanA cAhie arthAt bhANDopakaraNa Adi grahaNa karane aura rakhane meM, calane-phirane, baiThane-uThane aura sone meM jo zArIrika aMga-pratyaMgoM kI pravRtti haA karatI hai, usa para niyaMtraNa kara kAyagapti kA pAlana karanA cAhie / avivekapUrvaka zArIrika kriyAoM ke karane se yA upakaraNAdi grahaNa karane aura rakhane se jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura vaha pApabandha kA kAraNa hai / 155 isa prakAra ina tIna guptiyoM se mahAvratoM ke pAlana meM sahAyatA

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zramaNAcAra : 243 milatI hai| vAstava meM mana-vacana aura kAyarUpa kriyA yoga dvArA hI AtmA meM karmAsrava hotA hai / ataH naye karmabandhana ko rokane aura purAne karmoM ko naSTa karane meM trigupti kI sAdhanA vizeSa rUpa se Avazyaka hai| yathArthataH samasta AdhAra sAdhanA ke mUla meM mana-vacana aura kAyA kI sadasad pravatti aura nivRtti hI mukhya hai| isaliye sAdha ko mana, vacana aura kAyA ke azubha yogoM kA niyaMtraNa karanA caahiye| yahI zramaNazramaNI kA triguptirUpa samyak AdhAra hai| bAraha bhAvanAe~: sAdhanA ko sajIva aura ojasvI banAne ke liye mana kI sAdhanA anivArya hai| mana ko sAdhe binA sAdhvAcAra meM zuddhatA nahIM A sakatI ataH mana ko sAdhane tathA zraddhA aura vairAgya kI sthiratA evaM vRddhi ke liye AcArAMga meM anuprekSAoM ( bhAvanAoM) kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM pUrva jIvana ke vighaTana aura naye jIvana kI nirmANa prakriyA meM ina anuprekSAoM kA bahuta adhika upayoga hai| anuprekSA kA artha haibAra-bAra cintana karanA / 'pAsaNAha cariyaM 156 meM bhAvanA kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate huye kahA hai-'jina ceSTAoM aura saMkalpoM ke dvArA mAnasika vicAroM yA manobhAvoM ko bhAvita yA vAsita kiyA jAya unheM bhAvanA kahate haiN|' yaha eka manovaijJAnika satya hai ki jisa viSaya kA bAra-bAra abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai usase mana prabhAvita huye binA nahIM rahatA / ataH aise cintana yA abhyAsa ko hI bhAvanA kahA gayA hai| maharSi pataMjali ne bhI bhAvanA aura japa meM abheda mAnA hai|157 AcArAMga meM isa duHkhamayatA ke bodha ke liye isa saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA kA bodha honA Avazyaka bhI hai / AcArAMga meM svIkRta 'anitya' 'azaraNa' evaM 'azaci' bhAvanA ke pratyaya ko bauddha darzana meM 'prathama Arya satya' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, AcArAMga meM pratipAdita ukta tInoM avadhAraNAe~ astitvavAda ke 'duHkhamayatA' ke pratyaya se pUrI taraha sahamata haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina darzana meM anuprekSA ke aneka prakAra haiM / jina-jina vicAroM se mAnasa ko bhAvita kiyA jAya ve saba bhAvanAe~ haiM arthAt bhAvanAe~ asaMkhya haiM / phira bhI unake kaI vargIkaraNa milate haiM / yathAAcArAMga meM mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kI carcA hai15 jisakA varNana pahale kiyA jA cakA hai| iso meM anyatra bAraha bhAvanAyeM bhI bikhare rUpa meM nirUpita haiM / sthAnAMga meM bhI dharma evaM zukla dhyAna kI

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244 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana cAra-cAra bhAvanAyeM prApta hotI haiM / AcArya umAsvAti 160 ne bhI bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| bAraha bhAvanAyeM nimnAnusAra haiM (1) anitya (2) azaraNa ( 3 ) saMsAra ( 4 ) ekatva (5) anyatva (6) azuci (7) Asrava (8) saMvara (9) nirjarA (10) lokasvarUpa (11) bodhidurlabha aura (12) dharmaM / inase sAdhaka ko sadaiva apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate rahanA cAhie / ina anuprekSAoM ke bAra-bAra cintana se moha se nivRtti hotI hai aura satya kI prApti hotI hai| inheM vairAgya kI jananI bhI kahA gayA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai bhAvaNA joga suddhappA jale nAvAvaAhiyA / NAvAva tIrasapannA savvadukkhA tiuTTaI // 11 jisakI AtmA, bhAvanA yoga se zuddha hai vaha jala meM naukA ke samAna hai / vaha taTa ko prApta kara saba saba duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / bAraha anuprekSAoM ke nirantara abhyAsa se sAdhaka ko apanI dharma sAdhanA meM dRr3hatA evaM sthiratA prApta hotI hai| inase jIvana virAT aura samagra banatA hai / vAstava meM jina AdhyAtmika guNoM ke liye sAdhanA-patha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unake vikAsa meM ye bhAvanAyeM bar3I upayogI haiM / inake abhyAsa se zArIrika evaM sAMsArika Asakti miTatI hai aura Atma vikAsa hotA hai / dazavidha muni dharma : dharma ke daza lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM / dharmaM muni ko amara banAte haiM tathA AtmA para lage hue karma - mala ko dUra karate haiM / ina dharmoM ke dvArA kaSAyoM ko jItakara unake virodhI guNoM kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina dazavidha dharmoM kA pAlana karanA zramaNa sAdhanA ke liye paramAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai| gRhasthoM ko bhI inakA yathAzakya pAlana karanA cAhiye / ve daza dharmaM isa prakAra haiM (1) kSamA, (2) mArdava, (3) Arjava, (4) zauca, (5) satya, (6) saMyama, (7) tapa, (8) tyAga, (9) AkiMcanya aura (10) brahmacaryaM / ina dazavidha dharmoM ke antargata sAmAnyatayA cAra kaSAya aura pA~ca pApoM ke abhAva kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / mAtra yahI nahIM, kintu ina dharmoM kI viziSTatA yaha hai ki unameM kaSAyoM evaM pApoM ke abhAva ke sAtha hI unake upazAmaka vidheyAtmaka kSamAdi guNoM ko apanAne para bhI vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai /

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zramaNAcAra : 245 prathama cAra-kSamA, mArdava, Arjava aura zauca-krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM ke upazAmaka vidhAnAtmaka guNa hai| hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ke upazAmaka kramazaH saMyama, satya, tyAga, brahmacarya aura akicana dharma hai aura tapa muni ko tejasvI aura Age bar3hAne vAlA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki AcArAMga meM inase sambandhita carcA bikhare rUpa meM milatI hai| inake sambandha meM kahIM eka sAtha vivecana nahIM milatA hai| phira bhI eka sthAna para inakI mahattA avazya prasthApita kI gayI hai / yathAviU nae dhammapayaM aNuttaraM viNIya tahassa muNissa jhaayo| samAhiyassa'ggisihA va teyasA, tavo ya paNNA ya jaso yavaDDhai // kSamA mArdavAdi dasa prakAra ke zreSTha dharma meM pravRtti karane vAle, vinayavAn sampanna muni kI, jo tRSNA se rahita hokara samAdhi evaM dharma dhyAna meM saMlagna haiM, tapazcaryA, prajJA aura yaza agni-zikhA kI bhA~ti uttarottara bar3hatA rakhatA hai / 12 __ dasa dharmoM kA varNana manusmRti meM bhI milatA hai| krama meM thoDA antara avazya hai para Azaya samAna hai| IsA ke parvatopadeza meM bhI dasa zikSAe~ varNita haiM / vAstava meM dasa dharma karma pradhAna athavA AcAra saMhitA rUpa na hokara Atma-cintana aura Atma-zuddhiparaka haiN| avagraha yAcanA kI vidhi : ___ AhAra, vastra, pAtra, zayyA ( pITha, phalaka, upAzrayAdi ), saMstAraka Adi vizeSa dharmopakaraNa saMyama-sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hone se inake grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| lekina zramaNa-zramaNI ukta upakaraNoM ko gRhastha yA svAmI kI anumati ke binA svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, itanA hI nahIM, tRNa jaisI tuccha vastu bhI unakI AjJA se hI grahaNa karate haiN| kyoMki ve mana-vacana aura kAyA se dattAdAna (cora ) ke sarvathA tyAgI hote haiN| avagraha yAcanA (AjJA mAMgane) sambandhI sAta abhigraha aura unake bheda varNita haiM tathA AjJA-prApta makAna meM avasthita zramaNa-zramaNI ke pAsa yadi anya sambhoga ( samAna samAcAra ) yA asAmbhogika (ananya cAritrika) sAdharmI zramaNa-zramaNI Aye to unake sAtha kaisA bartAva kare ? kaise makAna kI yAcanA kare ? Adi pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| saMyama niSTha sAdhu adatta (binA die) padArtha ko grahaNa nahIM krtaa| itanA hI nahIM, apitu vaha muni jinake nikaTa dIkSita huA hai yA jinake

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246 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana pAsa raha rahA hai unake upakaraNoM ko bhI binA anumati ke grahaNa nahIM karatA / pahale unase AjJA prApta karake aura phira unakA pratilekhana va pramArjana karake una padArthoM yA upakaraNoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / 943 dharmazAlA Adi meM pahu~cane para muni soca-vicAra kara usa upAzraya ke svAmI se AjJA mA~gate hue kahe ki he AyuSman gRhastha ? yadi ApakI icchA ho to hama yahA~ Thaharane kI AjJA cAhate haiM / Apa hameM jitane samaya taka aura jitane kSetra ( bhAga ) meM Thaharane kI AjJA deMge, utane samaya aura utane hI kSetra meM ThahareMge / anya jitane bho sAdhu-sAdhvI AyeMge ve bhI utane hI samaya taka aura utane ho bhAga meM nivAsa kareMge / usa avadhi ke bAda vihAra kara jAe~ge / 164 isa prakAra sAdhu-sAdhvI ko gRhastha se upAzraya yA sthAna kI AjJA lenI cAhie / atithi rUpa meM sAdhu ke sAtha vyavahAra kI vidhi : (1) sAmbhogika sAdhu : Thahare hue sAdhu sAdhvI ke pAsa yadi anya sAmbhogika ( samAna samAcArI vAle) samanojJa sAdharmI sAdhu-sAdhvI atithi rUpa meM pahu~ca jAveM to vaha sAdhuyA sAdhvI apane dvArA lAe AhArAdi ke lie atithi sAdhu-yA sAdhvI ko nimaMtrita kare aura usa AhAra se unakA Adara satkAra kre| 165 AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke aSTama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM kahA hai ki samanojJa sAdhu ko azanAdi AhAra ke dvArA atyanta AdarapUrvaka unakA sammAna kare tathA unakI sevA-zuzrUSA bhI kare / 166 (2) asAmbhogika sAdhu : yadi atithi rUpa meM asAmbhogika sAdharmI sAdhu-sAdhvI A jAe to vahA~ avasthita sthAnIya sAdhu-sAdhvI apane dvArA nirdoSa rUpa se gaveSaNA kie gae pITha, phalaka, zayyA saMstAraka Adi ke dvArA una samanojJa sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko nimaMtrita kare arthAt sammAna - satkAra kare / 167 tAtparya yaha ki caritra-niSTha asAmbhogika ( jisake sAtha AhAra-vyavahAra na ho ) sAdhu-sAdhvI ko AhAra ke atirikta anya vastuoM se atithi sAdhu kA sammAna karanA pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI kA kartavya hai / anya matAvalambI bhikSu ke sAtha vyavahAra : gRhastha kI AjJA prApta kara lene ke bAda usa sthAna meM Thaharate samaya sAdhu-sAdhvI ko aisA koI aziSTa yA asabhya AcaraNa nahIM karanA

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zramaNAcAra : 247 cAhie, jisase usa sthAna meM Thahare hue anya mata ke bhikSuoM ke mana ko kisI taraha kI Thesa pahu~ce yA durbhAva paidA ho / yadi vahA~ zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa Adi ke chatra, cAmara, daNDAdi upakaraNa par3e hoM to unheM bhItara se bAhara aura bAhara se bhItara na rakhe aura yadi ve soe hoM to unheM jagAnA bhI nahIM caahie| isa taraha kiMcit mAtra bhI unake mana ke pratikUla yA saMkleza pahuMcAne vAlA evaM aprItijanaka kArya na kiyA jaae|18 mAMge gaye upakaraNa lauTAnA : sUI, kaiMcI, nAkhUna-chedaka- karNazodhikA Adi gRhastha se mA~ga kara lAye hue upakaraNa anya bhikSuoM ko na diye jA~ya aura apanA kAma pUrA karAke gRhastha ke ghara jAkara hAtha lambA kara bhUmi para rakha de tathA yaha tumhArI vastu hai aisA kahakara use dikhA de, parantu hAtha meM na de / 169 avagraha yAcanA ke sAta abhigraha (1) sAmAnya vidhi ke anusAra AjJA lenaa| (2) anya bhikSuoM ke lie upAzraya ko yAcanA karanA aura unake liye yAcanA kie gae makAna meM tthhrnaa| __ (3) anya bhikSuoM ke liye avagraha kI yAcanA kiye gaye makAna meM ThaharanA kintu unake dvArA yAcita makAna meM nahIM ThaharanA / (4) anya sAdhuoM ke liye avagraha ko yAcanA nahIM karanA / kintu anya bhikSuoM dvArA yAcita makAna meM tthhrnaa| (5) sAdhu apane liye makAna ko yAcanA karatA hai, anya ke liye nhiiN| (6) sAdhu jisa makAna kI yAcanA karatA hai usameM yadi tRNa vizeSa (palAla ) saMstAraka milA ho to zayanAsana karatA hai anyathA utkuTAdi AsanoM ke dvArA rAtri vyatIta karatA hai| (7) jisa makAna kI AjJA letA hai usI sthAna para pRthvI-zilA, kASTha kI caukI tathA palAla Adi pahale se hI bichA huA hogA to zayanAsana karatA hai anyathA utkuTa Adi AsanoM ke dvArA rAtri bitAtA hai / 170 pAMca prakAra ke avagraha: __devendra avagraha, rAja avagraha, gRhapati avagraha, sAgArika avagraha aura sArmika avagraha / ina pA~ca avagrahoM kA AcArAMga meM pratipAdana hai| sAdhu-sAdhvI kA avagraha sambandhI yahI sampUrNa AcAra hai / 171

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248 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana indriya-nigraha : zramaNa-zramaNI ke lie priya-apriya zabda sunanA niSiddha hai| muni ke svAdhyAya bhUmi meM svAdhyAya karate samaya, AhArAdi ke lie bAhara jAte samaya, sthaNDila bhUmi meM malamUtrAdi kA vyutsarjana karate samaya athavA vihArAdi karate samaya manojJa-amanojJa zabda kAnoM meM par3ate haiM / AcArAMga meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki muni rAga-dveSa yA AsaktipUrvaka acche-bure zabdoM ko zravaNa karane kA prayatna yA saMkalpa na kare aura na unheM sunane kI cAha se idhara-udhara gamanAgamana kare / sunane yogya zabda : AcArAMga meM cAra prakAra ke vAdya yaMtroM kA varNana milatA hai / (1) vitata, (2) tata, (3) ghana aura ( 4 ) suSira / vitata-mRdaMga, nandA, jhallarI Adi se nikalane vAle zabda / tata-vINA, vipaJcI, Dhola Adi ke zabda / ghana-haMsatAla, kaMsatAla Adi ke zabda / suSira-zaMkha, veNu evaM kharamukha Adi vAdya yaMtroM se prasphuTita zabda / ina zabdoM ko sunane kA prayAsa sAdhu na kare / 172 zabda sunane ke niSiddha sthAna : 1 saMyamaniSTha zramaNa zramaNI ko khetoM meM, jaMgaloM meM, sarovara evaM samudra Adi sthAnoM meM hone vAle zabda, gA~va, nagara, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, sanniveza, pattana Adi sthAnoM meM hone vAle zabdoM ko sunane kA prayAsa nahIM karanA cAhie / isI bhA~ti bAga-bagIce, vana-vanakhaNDa devasthAna, sArvajanika sabhA, prapA ( jaladAna) Adi sthAnoM meM hone vAle zabdoM ko sunane kI icchA nahIM karanA caahie| nagara ke tripatha, catuSpatha, bahupatha ke sthAnoM meM hone vAle zabda, bhaiMsazAlA, vRSabhazAlA, azvazAlA, hastizAlA, tathA kapiMjala ke nivAsa sthAnoM, vara-vadhU ke milana ke sthAnoM meM hone vAle manojJa zabdoM, gItoM ko zravaNa karane kI icchA se jAne-Ane kA mana meM saMkalpa nahIM karanA cAhie / jahA~ bahuta loga ekatra hokara vINA, tAla, Dhola Adi bajAte evaM nRtya karate hoM, una sthAnoM, tathA jina sthAnoM meM strI-puruSa bAla-yuvA, aura vRddha ratikrIr3A karate hoM, ha~sate hoM, nAcate hoM, khelate hoM, khAtebA~Tate aura girAte hoM vahA~ hone vAle zabdoM ko sunane kI cAha se jAne kA saMkalpa na kare / vastrAbhUSaNoM se choTI bAlikA ko sajAkara ghor3e para biThAkara le jAyA jA rahA ho, kisI aparAdhI vyakti ko gadhe para biThA

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zramaNAcAra : 249 kara vaghyabhUmi le jAyA jA rahA ho, ina avasaroM para hone vAle zabdoM ko sunakara una sthAnoM para jAne kA sAdhu saMkalpa na kare / 173 bahuta se zakaTa, ratha, mleccha evaM prAntIya logoM ke sthAnoM para hone vAle aneka taraha ke zabdoM ko sunane ke lie muni vahA~ jAne kA saMkalpa na kre| isI prakAra jahA~ para apane rAjya ke virodha meM yA anya deza ke rAjA ke virodha meM, do deza ke rAjAoM ke pArasparika virodha meM, kalaha, vairavidveSa yA saMgharSa sambandhI vArtAlApa cala rahA ho to vahA~ jAkara muni unakI bAta-cIta na sune / 174 na dekhane yogya pastueM : ___ AcArAMga meM muni ko rUpa-saundarya dekhane kA bhI niSedha hai| sAdhusAdhvI phUla Adi se guthI gayI mAlA, svastika Adi vastroM se banI huI putaliyA~, vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se nirmita puruSoM kI AkRtiyoM ko dekhane kA saMkalpa na kare / lakar3I Adi se saundaryapUrNa vastue~, pustakeM, citrakArI ko bhI rAga-dveSa, buddhi se dekhane ke lie jAne kA vicAra na kre| isI taraha hAthI dAMta, kAgaja, maNi, patroM Adi se banAI gaI vividha vastue~, zilpakalA evaM vAstukalA arthAt vividha kalAoM evaM sundara AkRtiyoM ko dekhane kI dRSTi se muni gamanAgamana kA vicAra na kare / 175 yaha bhI kahA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI ihaloka aura paraloka sambandhI dRSTa-adRSTa, manojJa-amanojJa zabdAdi meM Asakta na ho| unheM sunane-dekhane kI bhI AkAMkSA na kare aura na unake prati rAga-dveSa kre| yahI sAdhu kI sAdhutA kA indriya-nigraha rUpa AcAra hai / 15 niSkarSa yaha hai ki zramaNa-jIvana sAdhanA pradhAna hai, Atmopalabdhi ke lie hai / indriya-viSayoM meM Asakta hone se rAga-dveSa paidA hotA hai, citta azAnta rahatA hai aura svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi meM vighna AtA hai| para-kriyA rUpa AcAra ( gahastha ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA kA niSedha): para kA artha hai-anya (dUsarA) aura kriyA kA matalaba hai AcaraNa yA kaary| ataH kisI anya vyakti dvArA bhikSa ke zarIra para kI jAne vAlo kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA ko para-kriyA kahate haiN| muni ko gRhastha dvArA kI jAne vAlI kisI bhI prakAra kI sevA, zuzrUSA, zRMgAra, upacAra Adi ko svIkAra karane kA niSedha hai|| muni, mana, vacana aura kAyA se apanI AtmA ke lie karma-bandhana rUpa koI kriyA kisI se na karavAye / koI gRhastha sAdhu ke paira Adi kA

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250 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana pramArjana kare, poMcha kara sApha kare, sammardana kare, zItala yA uSNa-jala se dhoe, tela, ghI Adi koI snigdha padArtha yA auSadhi vizeSa se mAliza kare, lodhra, karka cUrNAdi se ubaTana kare, vividha prakAra ke vilepanoM se Alepana kare, pairoM ke ghAva rudhirAdi ko nikAla kara sApha kare, pairoM meM gar3e hue kAMTe nikAle aura bhI vizeSa prakAra se koI zalya cikitsA kare to muni inakAra kara de / isI taraha sAdhu ke zarIra meM utpanna hue gaMDA, phor3A, arza, pulaka, bhagaMdara Adi vraNoM ko zalya kriyA dvArA chedana kara rudhira ko nikAle va sApha kare, zarIra para se malayukta prasveda ko dUra kare, A~kha, kAna, dA~ta, nakhoM ke maila ko dura kare tathA sira ke lambe kezoM ko, zarIra ke dIrgha romoM ko, guhya pradezoM ke romoM ko yA nakhoM ko kATe, sApha kare to muni ukta kriyAeM na krvaae| isI taraha sAdhu ko goda meM yA palaMga para biThAkara yA sulAkara use AbhUSaNoM se suzobhita kare to sAdhu aisI kriyAoM ko na mana se cAhe aura na vacana va kAyA se karavAe / vaha spaSTa rUpa se inakAra kara de| isI taraha binA kisI paristhiti vizeSa ke bhikSa-bhikSa ke bIca athavA bhikSuNI-bhikSuNI ke bIca uparyukta para-kriyA kA niSedha samajhanA caahie| cikitsA kA parihAra : yadi koI gRhastha sAdhu-sAdhvI ko rugNa samajhakara zuddha yA azuddha maMtra bala se cikitsA kare athavA sacitta kanda-mUla, vRkSa, chAla, harI vanaspati Adi kA hanana kara yA dUsaroM se karavAkara upacAra kare to sAdhu-sAdhvI aisI sAvadha-pApamaya cikitsA ko mana se bhI na cAhe tathA vANI aura zarIra dvArA na krvaae| vaha usa vedanA ke samaya yaha cintana kare ki pratyeka jIva apane kRta azubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa kaTuvedanA kA anubhava karatI hai ataH mujhe bhI svakRta karmajanya isa vedanA ko samabhAva evaM samAdhipUrvaka sahanA caahie| mere lie yahI kalyANaprada hai| isa prakAra vaha apane upacAra nimitta kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na pahuMcAte hue apanA saMyama sAdhanA meM prayatnazIla rahatA hai| yahI sAdhu-sAdhvI kA para-kriyA rUpa AcAra hai / 177 AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM bhI aNagAra ke lie hiMsAmalaka cikitsA yA jIvoM ko kleza pahu~cAne vAlI cikitsA karavAne kA niSedha hai| 170 anyonya kriyA rUpa AcAra : (1) sAdhu-sAdhu yA sAdhvI-sAdhvI ke bIca kriyA kA niSedha : AcArAMga meM vizeSa rUpa se yaha nirUpita hai ki sAmAnya sthiti meM

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zramaNAcAra : 251 eka sAdhu dUsare sAdhu ke pairoM kI mAliza na kare athavA eka sAdhvI dUsarI sAdhvI ke pairoM kI mAliza Adi kriyA na kare, arthAt paraspara kriyA na kare | yaha karmabandha kA kAraNa hai / zeSa varNana terahaveM adhyayana ke samAna hI samajhanA cAhie / 179 svAvalaMbana kI dRSTi se hI eka-dUsare kI kriyA karane kA niSedha hai kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki asvastha avasthA meM eka-dUsare kI sevAzuzrUSA (vaiyAvRtya) na kI jAya / AcArAMga tathA paravartI granthoM meM vaiyAvRtya ko karmanirjarA kA parama kAraNa batAyA gayA hai / cAturmAsa evaM mAsa sambandhI kalpa : zramaNa zramaNI ke lie ATha mahIne nirantara pada-yAtrA aura varSA ke cAra mahIne jIva-rakSA kI dRSTi se eka sthAna para vAsa karane kA vizeSa vidhAna hai / varSA ke cAra mahIne eka sthAna para sthira rahakara jJAna-dhyAnasvAdhyAya yA Atma-cintana evaM sadupadezoM se jana-jAgRti kA kArya karanA zreyaskara hai / ataH AcArAMga meM cAturmAsa evaM mAsa kalpa viSayaka aneka maryAdAeM nirdhArita kI gaI haiM / eka sthAna para varSAvAsa : varSA Rtu ke cAra mahIne taka sAdhu-sAdhvI ko jIva hiMsA se bacane tathA AvAgamana ke mArga avaruddha hone ke kAraNa eka hI sthAna para cAturmAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| harI, golI tathA jIva-jantuoM se bharI bhUmi para calanA ahiMsA mahAvratI sAdhu ke lie niSiddha hai / varSAvAsa ke ayogya kSetra : saMyama sAdhanA kI zuddhatA ke lie nirdoSa bhikSA, nirdoSa zayyA, nirdoSamalotsargaM bhUmi evaM svAdhyAya kI anukUlatA Adi kI prApti bhI Avazyaka hai / ataH cAturmAsa lagane ke pUrvaM inakA pUrI taraha avalokana kara lenA cAhie kyoMki varSAvAsa (cAturmAsa ) jIva- rakSA, saMyama - sAdhanA evaM ratnatrayI kI ArAdhanA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / isalie sAdhu ko inameM divyatA va tejasvitA lAne kA mukhya uddezya rakhanA cAhie / varSAvAsa karane vAle zramaNa zramaNI ko kSetra viSayaka jAnakArI prApta kara lenI cAhie / isa viSaya meM kucha nirdeza isa prakAra haiMsAdhu-sAdhvI aise asuvidhAjanaka sthAnoM para cAturmAsa na kareM : (1) jisa gAMva yA nagara meM ekAnta svAdhyAya bhUmi na ho, (2) malamUtra tyAga karane yogya bhUmi na ho, (3) pITha, phalaka (caukI) zayyA aura

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252 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana saMstAraka (tRNAdi kA bichaunA) kI prApti sulabha na ho, (4) prAsuka evaM eSaNIya AhAra-pAnI sulabha na ho, (5) aura zAkyAdi bhikSu, brAhmaNa, bhikhArI logoM ke kAraNa adhika bhIr3a ho aura jisase prajJAvAna zramaNazramaNI ko jAne-anajAne meM svAdhyAyAdi meM kaThinAI ho / 100 sAdhu-sAdhvI ina sthAnoM para cAturmAsa kara sakate haiM : (1) jahA~ svAdhyAya bhUmi ho, (2) mala-mUtra ke vyutsarga karane yogya bhUmi ho, (3) pITha, phalakAdi kA milanA sulabha ho, (4) nirdoSa AhArapAnI sulabhatA se prApta hotA ho, (5) aura zAkyAdi bhikSu yA bhikhArI logoM kI bhIr3a-bhAr3a adhika na ho|185 cAturmAsa ke pazcAt Thaharane ke kAraNa : varSAvAsa bota jAne para zramaNa-zramaNI ko vahA~ se avazya vihAra kara denA cAhie kintu yadi kArtika mahIne meM punaH varSA ho jAe aura isa kAraNa mArga hariyAlI, ghAsa, jIva-jantu aura jAloM se yukta ho, logoM kA AnA-jAnA prArambha na huA ho to zramaNa-zramaNI cAturmAsa ke bAda vahA~ pandraha dina aura rhe| hemanta Rtu ke pandraha dina bItane ke pazcAt mArga jIva-jantuoM se rahita ho cukA ho, aneka zAkyAdi bhikSugaNa AnejAne lagaM to sAdhu-sAdhvI vivekapUrvaka vihAra kara de / 182 mAsa kalpa: vihAra kAla meM eka sthAna para eka mahIne se adhika nahIM ThaharanA yaha sAdhu kA kalpa (AcAra) hai / ise mAsakalpa kahA jAtA hai| saMyamazuddhi, dharma-pracAra va zAsanonnati kI dRSTi se zramaNa zramaNI ko maryAdita kAla se adhika eka sthAna para nahIM ThaharanA cAhie kyoMki zramaNa-zramaNI kA pratyeka AcaraNa maryAdA meM hI honA cAhie jisameM zramaNa jIvana kI vyavasthA banI rahatI hai aura tapa-tyAga-saMyama bhI nirmala rahatA hai / aisA nahIM karane se aneka doSoM ko sambhAvanA hai| yaha lokokti Thoka hI hai ki bahatA pAnI nirmalA paDyA so gaMdA hoya / sAdhu to vicaratA bhalA, dAga na lAge koya // mAsakalpa ke ayogya sthAna : dharmazAlA, udyAnagRha, gRhapati kA kula, evaM tApasa, Adi ke maThoM meM, jahA~ ki anya matAvalambI sAdhu-saMnyAsI bAra-bAra Ate jAte hoM, rahate hoM, vahA~ nirgrantha muni ko mAsakalpa nahIM karanA cAhie /

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zramaNAcAra: 253 jina dharmazAlA Adi sthAnoM meM jo zramaNa-zramaNI zItoSNa kAla meM mAsakalpAdi tathA varSA kAla meM cAturmAsa kalpa bitAkara binA kAraNa vizeSa ke punaH punaH vahIM Akara vAsa karate haiM to ve kAla kA atikramaNa karate haiM arthAt kAlAtikrama doSa lagatA hai / 184 ataH zramaNa-zramaNI ko mAsakalpa evaM cAturmAsa kalpa ke pazcAt binA kisI kAraNa ke kAla kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahie| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki kAla-maryAdA kA pAlana karane vAlA jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI nirjarA karatA hai / 185 vizeSa zramaNAcAra : zramaNa-zramaNI yathAsamaya apane karmo kI vizeSa rUpa se nirjarA karane tathA apane naitika jIvana meM nikhAra lAne ke lie vizeSa AcaraNoM yA zrama ke dvArA apane Apako tapAtA hai aura unameM tapakara zuddha bana jAtA hai| samabhAvapUrvaka saba kaSToM ko sahatA huA antataH una para vijaya prApta karatA hai / yahI vizeSa zramaNAcAra hai / yahA~ vizeSa zramaNAcAra ke viSaya meM kramazaH prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| tapazcaryA : AcArAMga meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke cAritrika nikhAra, dRr3ha AtmasaMyama va antaHzuddhi hetu tapazcaryA kI mahatI AvazyakatA pratipAdita hai kyoMki tapaHsAdhanA pUrva-baddha karma pudgaloM ko nijIrNa kara sva-zakti ko prakaTa karane ke lie vizeSa rUpa se upayogI hai| 'tapa' kI mahattA ko AMkate hue AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki yaha eka prakAra kI agni hai, jisake dvArA purAne karmoM ko zIghra hI bhasmIbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise agni jINe kASTha ko zIghra jalA DAlatI hai, vaise hI AtmasamAdhistha aura anAsakta AtmA karma-zarIra ko zIghra jalA DAlatI hai| yahI zaddha Atmatatva kI upalabdhi hai, yahI AtmA kA vizuddhIkaraNa hai aura yahI tapasAdhanA kA lakSya hai| isIlie prAcInatama jainAgamoM evaM paravartI granthoM ke maMthana se eka ho svara jhaMkRta hotA hai 'taveNa parisujjhaI' tapa AtmA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA hai / 87 ___ 'tapyate anena iti tapaH' arthAt jisake dvArA tapAyA jAya vaha tapa hai / padmanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA meM bhI tapa kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA haisamyagjJAnarUpI cakSu ke dhAraka muni ke dvArA karmarUpI maila ko dUra karane ke lie jo tapA jAtA hai, use tapa kahate haiM / 188 tapa ke bheda : AcArAMga meM bAraha prakAra ke tapAcaraNa kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai

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254 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kintu vahA~ paravartI granthoM kI bhA~ti unheM alaga-alaga do bhedoM meM nahIM bAMTA gayA hai| parantu jahA~ jaisA prasaMga cala rahA ho vaisA varNana kiyA gayA hai| paravartI granthoM meM tapa ko 'bAhya' aura 'Abhyantara' do prakAroM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| donoM ke cha:-chaH bheda haiN| (1) anazana (2) UNodarI yA avamaudarya (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna yA bhikSAcarI (4) rasa-parityAga (5) kAyakleza (6) saMlInatA yA vivikta zayanAsana ye bAhya tapa haiN| (7)prAyazcitta (8) vinaya, (9) vaiyAvRttya (10) svAdhyAya (11) dhyAna aura (12) kAyotsarga-ye Abhyantara tapa haiN| bAhma tapa: jisa tapa meM zArIrika vAhya kriyA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura jo bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA yukta hone se dUsaroM ko dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha bAhya tapa kahalAtA hai| anazana, UNodarI Adi tapa se AhAra evaM svAda viSayaka icchA kA nirodha kara Abhyantara tapa kI ora agrasara hone meM madada milatI hai| sabase pahale bAhya icchA AkAMkSA kA nirodha Avazyaka hai aura vaha zarIra se hI saMbhava hai| isIlie upavAsa, bhUkha se kama AhAra, vastuoM kI maryAdA, rasa kA parityAga tathA kAyakleza Adi ko tapa kahA gayA hai| anazana: na azanaM iti 'anazana' arthAt saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA anazana tapa hai / yaha anazana do prakAra hotA hai-(1) alpakAlika aura (2) yAvatkathita / eka alpa samaya ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsarA jIvanaparyanta ke lie bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| alpakAlika anazana : sAdhaka ko indriya nigraha yA citta zuddhi ke lie jaba jaisI aura jitanI AvazyakatA ho, vaisA anazana karanA caahie| indriya-viSayoM se pIr3ita muni ke lie AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki 'avi AhAraM vocchiMdejjA' vaha muni AhAra kA parityAga ( anazana ) kare / 189 yAvatkathita anazana tapa: yaha jIvana ke antima samaya meM kiyA jAtA hai arthAt mRtyu ke atyanta nikaTa hone para zarIra ke parityAga ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / ise saMlekhanA

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zramaNAcAra : 255 tapa bhI kahate haiM / bhikSu yA sAdhaka ko jaba yaha pratIta hone lage ki usakA zarIra rogagrasta yA kSINakAya ho gayA hai, isake dvArA koI vizeSa upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai, taba vaha AhAra kA tyAga kara de aura samAdhimaraNa dvArA mRtyu kA varaNa kara le / etad-viSayaka vizeSa vivecanA samAdhimaraNa anazana 190 ke sandarbha meM kI jAegI ataH yahAM gaharAI meM jAnA apekSita nahIM hai / avamaudarya ( UNodarI ) : isa tapa ke nAma se hI isakA artha spaSTa hotA hai - bhUkha se kama khAnA / jisa vyakti kI jitanI AhAra kI mAtrA hai usase alpa AhAra karanA UNodarI yA avamaudaryaM tapa kahalAtA hai / sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza detA hai ki 'avi amoyariyaM kujjA' 191 muni avamodaryaM tapa ( kama khAnA ) kare / mukhya rUpa se avamaudarya ke tIna bheda mAne gae Di Yi (1) upakaraNa avamaudarya ( vastra pAtra karanA ), ( 2 ) bhakta - pAna avamaudaryaM ( AhAra -pAnI karanA ) ( 3 ) aura bhAva avamodaryaM ( kaSAyoM ko kama karanA ) ) / AcArAMga meM 'je acele parivusie saMcikkhati amoriyA e 192 arthAt jo muni nirvastra rahatA hai vaha avamaudarya tapa kA anuzIlana karatA hai, kahakara upakaraNa avamodarya tapa kA samarthana kiyA hai / tathA 'kasAe payaNukicca appAhAro titikkhae 193 athavA ' AhAraM saMvaTTejjA, ANupuvveNaM AhAraM saMvaTTettA kasAya payaNue kicca 194 ke dvArA bhAva avamaudarya evaM AhAra avamaudaryaM tapa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / bhikSAcarI yA vRtti parisaMkhyAna tapa : bhikSA prApti ke lie mana meM vividha prakAra ke abhigrahoM (saMkalpoM) ko dhAraNa karanA vRtti parisaMkhyAna tapa hai / ise bhikSAcarI tapa bhI kahA gayA hai yathA- 'eka, do, tIna yA cAra ghara se hI bhikSA lUMgA' athavA 'amuka prakAra se die jAne vAle AhAra- pAnI kI yAcanA karUMgA aura nirdoSa mila jAne para use grahaNa karUMgA' ityAdi bhikSA ke vibhinna niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue abhigrahoM se yukta jo muni bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai usake vRttiparisaMkhyAna yA bhikSAcarI nAmaka tapa hotA hai / AcArAMga meM bhikSAcarI tapa ke prasaMga meM pratijJApUrvaka sAta piNDeSaNA aura sAta pAnaiSaNAoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / isI taraha

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256 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana abhigrahapUrvaka vastra11, pAtra197, zayyA198 ke sandarbha meM bhI vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| (4) rasa-parityAga : ___ dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi rasoM ko praNIta pAna bhojana kahate haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra rasa-parityAga kA artha hai-praNIta rasayukta AhArapAnI kA tyAga karanA / isa tapa se viSayAgni uddIpta nahIM hotI aura brahmacarya vrata ke pAlana karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| isIlie kahA hai ki jo mAtrA se adhika aura praNIta rasa prakAma bhojana nahIM karatA hai vahI saccA nirgrantha hai / praNIta rasa yukta aura pramANa se adhika bhojana karane vAlA nigrantha brahmacarya kA vighAtaka aura dharma se bhraSTa hotA hai ataH zramaNa-zramaNI ko snigdha bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie 19 apitu 'aviNivvalAsae'200 nirbala (niHsAra ) bhojana karanA cAhie kyoMki niHsAra yA zaktihIna bhojana karane se zArIrika zakti ghaTa jAtI hai| ataeva AcArAMga meM kAma-vAsanA ko zAnta karane kA pahalA upAya nirbala AhAra batalAyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM 'paMtaM lahaM sevanti vIrA samattadasiNo2015 sUtra ke dvArA yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki vIra samatvadarzI muni sarasa aura svAdiSTa bhojana nahIM karate haiM apitu ve prAnta ( nIrasa ) aura rUkSa-bhojI hote haiN| isa prakAra isa tapa kA mukhya prayojana svAda-vijaya hai / (5) kAya-kleza tapaH kAya-kleza bAhya tapArAdhanA kA pAMcavAM prakAra hai / zIta-tApa, varSA Adi kaSToM ko vizeSa rUpa se sahane kA abhyAsa karanA tathA vIrAsana, goduhAsana Adi vibhinna AsanoM ke dvArA zarIra ko sthira karanA kAyakleza tapa hai| zarIragata caitanya kendroM ko jagAne ke lie AsanoM kA bar3A mahatva hai tathA brahmacarya ke pAlana meM bhI bar3I sahAyatA milatI ataH AcArAMga meM kahA hai 'avi uDDhaMThANaM ThAijjA'202 muni UrdhvasthAna ( ghuTanoM ko U~cA aura sira ko nIcA ) kara sthira rahe yA kAyotsarga kare / prastuta sUtra mukhyatayA sarvAMgAsana, vRkSAsana, zIrSAsana Adi kA bodhaka hai20 / bhagavatIsUtra meM isa mudrA ko 'uDDhaM jANU aho sire' ke rUpa meM batAyA hai204 / haThayoga pradIpikA meM bhI 'adhaH zirazcordhvapAdaH' kA prayoga AyA hai| isa Asana se kAma-kendra zAnta hote haiM aura pariNAmataH kAmavAsanA bhI zAnta ho jAtI hai| isI taraha

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zramaNAcAra : 257 sardI-garmI sahane yA AtApanA lene ke pIche bhI eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa hai / kAya-kleza tapa ke prasaMga meM AcArAMga ke upakaraNa vimokSa uddezaka meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu lajjA ko jItane meM samartha ho vaha sarvathA acela rahe, kaTi-bandhana dhAraNa na kare aura jo guptAMgoM ke praticchAdana ( vastra ) ko chor3ane meM samartha nahIM hai, isa kAraNa se vaha kaTibandhana ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| use ghAsa kI cubhana hotI hai, sardI lagatI hai, garmI lagatI hai, DAMsa aura macchara kATate haiM, phira bhI vaha eka jAtIya, bhinna jAtIya ( nAnA prakAra ke ) sparzo-kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai, aura lAghavatA kA cintana karatA huA acela rahatA hai| usa acela mani ke upakaraNa avamaudarya evaM kAyakleza tapa hotA hai / 205 isI taraha eka vastradhArI206, dvivastradhArI207 aura nirvastradhArI208 muni ke upakaraNa ke sandarbha meM bhI jAnanA caahie| ataH spaSTa hai ki nirgrantha sAdhu sardI-garmI, rati-arati ke kaSToM ko samyaktayA sahana karatA hai| unase tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hotA hai| una kaSToM yA parISahoM ke sahane meM use jo pIr3A hotI hai usa pIr3A ko vaha pIr3A rUpa meM vedana nahIM karatA hai / 209 isa prakAra kAya-kleza tapa kA prayojana kAyA ko kaSTa denA nahIM, apitu sAdhanA ke uddezyoM kI sampUrti ke lie zArIrika kSamatA ko vikasita karanA hai| (6) pratisaMlInatA yA vivikta zayyAsana : strI, puruSa, napUsaka Adi se rahita zmazAna, giri-guphA, zanyAgAra Adi ekAnta sthAnoM meM nivAsa karanA vivikta zayyAsana tapa hai| indriya, kaSAya aura yoga saMlInatA ke bheda se vibhinna 210 granthoM meM ise pratisaMlInatA tapa bhI kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM kahIM pratisaMlInatA zabda to nahIM AyA hai kintu indriya aura yoga ke sandarbha meM 'AlInagupta' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / AcArAMga meM zayyaSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM vivikta zayyA ke bAre meM vizada rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zramaNazramaNiyoM ko zayana, Asana, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga kahAM karanA cAhie aura kahAM nahIM karanA cAhie ? athavA kahAM nahIM ThaharanA cAhie ? ___ AcArAMga meM muni ko nirdeza dete hue kahA hai ki lohakArazAlAe~, dharmazAlAe~, devakula, prapAe~, sabhAe~, pyAU, dukAneM, yAnazAlAe~, cUne, kASTha, koyale ke kArakhAne, zmazAna bhUmi meM bane hue makAna, pahAr3a para bane hue makAna, pahAr3I guphA, zUnyagRha-zAntigRha, pASANa

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258 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana maNDapa, talaghara Adi sthAnoM meM nivAsa karane se muni ko koI doSa nahIM lagatA hai arthAta aise sthAnoM meM ThaharanA kalpatA hai / 211 mahAzramaNa mahAvIra bhI prAyaH aise vivikta sthAnoM meM nivAsa karate the / 212 isa prakAra uparyukta chaH prakAra zArIrika yA bAhya tapa sAdhanA ke haiM / Abhyantara tapa: jisa tapa meM bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura jisakA sambandha antaHzuddhi se vizeSa rahatA hai vaha Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai| Atma-parizuddhi kI apekSA isa tapa kA zramaNa-jIvana meM atyadhika mahattva hai / yaha chaH prakAra kA hai(1) prAyazcitta : jisase pramAdajanita doSoM yA aparAdhoM kA zodhana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prAyazcitta tapa hai / AcArAMga TIkA evaM vibhinna granthoM meM prAyazcitta ke dasa bheda batAe gae haiM / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki chaThe guNasthAnavartI muni se pramAdapUrvaka pravRtti karate hue jo karma-bandha hotA hai, usakA vilaya vivekAdi prAyazcitta ke dvArA hotA hai / 213 (2) vinaya : jJAnAdi guNoM kA bahumAna karanA tathA gurujanoM ke prati Adara yA sammAna bhAva rakhanA hI vinaya tapa hai / grantha meM vinaya ke cAra214 evaM sAta bheda batalAye gaye haiM / AcArAMga meM kahA hai kucha asita ( aNagAra) AcAryAdi kA anugamana karate haiM / 215 jinAjJAoM evaM upadezoM ke prati Adara rakhanA aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa karanA cAritra vinaya hai| isa sandarbha meM, AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jina zAsana meM sthita AjJAkAMkSI ( AgamAnusAra yA sarvajJopadezAnusAra anuSThAna karane vAlA ) paMDita puruSa AjJApriya hotA hai vaha rAtri ke prathama evaM antima prahara (svAdhyAya dhyAnAdi ) meM yatnavAn rahatA hai aura sadAzIla kI samprekSA karatA huA kAma aura mAyAdi se mukta ho jAtA hai / 216 punazca medhAvI puruSa nirdeza kA atikramaNa na kre|217 isI taraha 'tameva saccaMNIsaMkaM jaMjiNehiM paveditaM' arthAt vahI satya hai jo jinezvaroM dvArA prarUpita hai isameM zaMkA ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai / 218 isa prakAra jinopadeza meM niHzaMka honA darzana yA zraddhA-vinaya hai| (3) vayAvRttya: apane zarIra dvArA AcAryAdi kI AhArAdi ke dvArA sevAzuzrUSA karanA vaiyAvRttya tapa hai / AcArAMga meM vaiyAvRttya ke sambandha meM kahA hai

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zramaNAcAra : 259 samanojJa sAdhu samanojJa sAdhu ko parama AdarapUrvaka azana, pAna, khAdya (Adima) svAdya ( khAdima), vastra - pAtra, kambala pAdapoMchana Adi de, unheM dene ke liye nimaMtrita kare aura atyanta AdarapUrvaka unakI vaiyAvRttya ( sevA-zuzrUSA ) kare / 219 rogI bhikSu ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki eka bhikSu apane sAdharmika aura glAnabhikSu kI pArasparika upakAra evaM nirjarA kI dRSTi se azanAdi caturvidha AhAra ke dvArA vaiyAvRttya karatA hai aura unake dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA ko svIkAra bhI karatA hai / isa taraha sevA karane vAle muni ke vaiyAvRttya tapa hotA hai / 220 (4) svAdhyAya : pramAdAdi kA tyAga kara Atma-vikAsakArI zAstroM kA adhyayana, manana karanA svAdhyAya tapa hai / svAdhyAya ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki svastha svasmin vA adhyAyaH iti svAdhyAyaH' arthAt jisameM Atma svarUpa kA adhyayana yA cintana kiyA jAya vaha svAdhyAya hai / AcArAMga meM svAdhyAya bhUmi ke cayana tathA zArIrika kuceSTAoM kA tyAga kara sAdhu ko svAdhyAya meM kisa prakAra saMlagna rahanA cAhiye isa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / eka to nirdoSa va ekAnta svAdhyAya bhUmi kA cayana karanA cAhiye tathA dUsare svAdhyAya bhUmi meM gaye huye ve sAdhu paraspara eka dUsare ke zarIra kA AliMgana na kareM, na mukha cumbana kareM, dA~toM yA nakhoM se zarIra kA chedana bhI na kare tathA jisa kriyA yA ceSTA se moha utpanna hotA ho isa taraha kI koI bhI kriyA na kreN| svAdhyAya meM sadA yatnazIla raheM / 221 (5) dhyAna : dhyAna ke binA AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hI nahIM hai / citta kI sthira avasthA dhyAna hai arthAt vibhinna kriyAoM meM bhaTakane vAlI caMcala cittavRtti ko kisI eka hI Alambana yA viSaya meM sthira, niruddha yA kendrita kara denA dhyAna tapa hai / AcArAMga meM mahAvIra kI jIvana-sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM dhyAna viSayaka avadhAraNA milatI hai isake atirikta grantha dhyAna kA svarUpa, prakAra yA unake bheda-prabheda Adi kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / (6) vyutsarga yA kAyotsarga : yasa sAdhanA kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / vyutsargaM kA artha haityAga | vaha do prakAra kA hai - bAhya aura Abhyantara / jaina paribhASA meM

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260 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ise dravya vyutsarga aura bhAva vyutsargaM kahA gayA hai | zarIra, upadhi (vastrapAtrAdi upakaraNa ) sahayoga aura bhakta - pAna ina cAra bAhya AlambanoM kA visarjana (tyAga) bAhya vyutsargaM hai, aura kaSAyAdi Antarika doSoM kA tyAga Abhyantara vyutsarga kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM sone, baiThane aura khar3e rahane ke samaya zarIra ko idhara-udhara na hilAkara eka sthAna para sthira rakhanA vyutsargaM tapa hai / vahA~ kevala zarIra vyutsarga kI bAta kahI gaI hai / 222 isa tapa ke prasaMga meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke dhUta 223 adhyayana meM saMsAra ke hetu rAga-dveSa kaSAya bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga evaM AtmA ko zuddha karane kI prakriyA kA varNana hai / 'dhUta' kA artha hotA hai - prakampita, zuddha yA tyAga karanA / isI taraha AcArAMga ke 'vimokSa' adhyayana meM AhAra, zarIra, upadhi - para sahAya aura kaSAya vyutsargaM kA vivecana hai / 'vyutsarga' ko kAyotsarga bhI kahate haiM / kAyotsarga kA artha haikAyasya-utsargaH arthAt kAyA kA utsargaM ( zarIra ko chor3a denA ) kintu prazna yaha hai ki Ayu ke rahate zarIra kA tyAga kaise sambhava hai ? yaha zarIra apavitra hai, asAra hai, anitya aura vinAzazIla hai, isameM Asakti mamatva bhAva rakhanA hI duHkha kA mUla hai, isa paribodha se ' jIvonyaH pudgalazca anya:' AtmA bhinna hai, aura zarIra bhinna hai, kA bheda-vijJAna jAgrata hotA hai aura jise yaha bheda-vijJAna hotA hai vaha 'ego hamaMsiNa me asthi koi' isa ekatva - bhAvanA kA tanmayatA ke sAtha cintana karatA hai / isa prakAra ke dRr3ha saMkalpa yA cintana se dehAsakti zithila ho jAtI hai, usake prati Adara bhAva ghaTa jAtA hai / isa sthiti kA nAma kAyotsarga hai / isa viveka-cetanA ke jAgaraNa se kAyotsarga kI bhUmikA dRr3hatara hotI jAtI hai, kAyotsarga sadhatA hai / isa prakAra kAyotsargaM kA mUla artha hai - zarIra kA ahaMkAra - mamakAra chUTa jAnA, mAnasika graMthiyoM kA khula jAnA aura tanAvoM kA ghaTa jAnA / vAstava meM, zramaNa zramaNiyoM kI sAdhanA kA AdhAra mana, vacana aura kAya kA sarvathA virodha karanA hai, parantu yaha sAdhanA itanI AsAna nahIM hai ki sAdhaka use sugamatayA sAdha sake / ataH usa avasthA taka pahu~cane hetu kAyotsargaM mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / isake dvArA sAdhu parimita avadhi ke lie apane yogoM kA nirodha karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai / ataH AcArAMga meM sAdhakoM kI yogyatA evaM kSamatA ko dRSTigata rakhakara kAyotsargaM ke cAra abhigraha batAye gae haiM /

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zramaNAcAra : 261 kAyotsarga ke cAra abhigraha: AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki zramaNa-zramaNI ko nirjIva evaM nirdoSa sthAna kI eSaNA kara cAra pratimAoM kI dhAraNA karanI cAhie (1) maiM kAyotsarga ke samaya acitta sthAna meM sthira rhNgaa| AvazyakatAnusAra acitta dIvAra Adi kA avalambana luuNgaa| zarIra se hAtha-paira Adi kA saMkoca vistAra bhI karUMgA tathA maryAdita bhUmi meM pairoM ko phailaauuNgaa| (2) muni acitta sthAna meM sthira rahakara dIvAra Adi kA sahArA le sakatA hai, hastAdi kA saMkucana-prasAraNa bhI kara sakatA hai kintu apane sthAna se raMca mAtra bhI idhara-udhara saMkramaNa nahIM kara sktaa| (3) muni yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM acitta sthAna meM sthira rahakara dIvAra Adi kA sahArA lUMgA kintu hAtha-paira Adi ke saMkoca prasAra ko rokakara eka sthAna para sthira rhuuNgaa| (4) yahA~ muni ko sAdhanA caramAvasthA para pahu~ca jAtI hai / vaha yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki acitta sthAna meM khar3e hokara kAyotsarga karU~gA parantu dIvAra Adi kA sahArA nahIM luuNgaa| hAtha-paira Adi nahIM hilAU~gA apitu eka sthAna para sthira hokara rahU~gA arthAt kAyotsarga ke dvArA zarIra kA samyakatayA nirodha kruuNgaa| usa samaya yadi koI mere keza, roma, nakha aura zmatha kA utpATana karegA to bhI maiM apane kAyotsarga dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hoU~gA / 224 yathArthataH usa samaya sAdhaka apanI bahirmukhI pravRttiyoM ko rokakara Atma-kendrita ho jAtA hai| tathA dehAbhimAna se mukta hokara Atma-darzana meM itanA tallIna ho jAtA hai ki use apane zarIra para hone vAlI bAharI kriyAoM kA patA bhI nahIM cltaa| 'vosaTTakAye vosaTaThakesa maMsu lomanahe saMniruddhaM vA' kA prayoga karake sUtrakAra ne isa bAta ko ora saMketa kiyA hai ki ye do pada yoga-sAdhanA ke mUlabhUta aMga haiM / sambhavataH inhIM avadhAraNoM ke AdhAra para paravartI yoga-granthoM kI racanA huI ho| vaidika paramparA meM bhI taposAdhanA Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| veda,225 upaniSad226 zatapatha brAhmaNa227 gItA,228 manusmRti229 Adi meM tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| parISaha parISaha nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki jo sahA jAya vaha parISaha kahalAtA

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262 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana hai| zramaNa-sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya hai-samatva / gItA meM jise samatva yoga kahA hai / isa samatAyoga ko bhaMga karane vAlI aneka anukUla-pratikUla bAdhAoM, kaSToM kA yA paristhitiyoM kA sAdhu-sAdhvI ko sAmanA karanA par3atA hai aura ve paristhitiyA~ yA bAdhAe~ hI zramaNa-zramaNI ke samatva kI parIkSA kI vizeSa kasauTiyA~ haiN| unameM uttIrNa hone vAlA arthAt una para vijaya prApta kara lene vAlA sAdhaka hI apane lakSya meM saphala hotA hai / vAstava meM ina anukUla-pratikUla kaSToM ko sahane se sAdhaka sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM se anAsakta banatA jAtA hai / yU~ to aise kaSTa agaNita ho sakate haiM, kintu granthoM meM mukhyataH bAIsa kA varNana AtA hai| muni jina-bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi kaSToM ko sahatA hai, unheM AcArAMga meM 'parISaha' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| AcarAMga meM 'parISaha' ke artha meM 'upasarga' zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| ye parISaha yA upasarga manuSyakRta, tiryaJcakRta aura devakRta hote haiM / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki AcArAMga230 meM bAIsa parISahoM kA svarUpa, vargIkaraNa Adi kA kramazaH eka sAtha varNana nahIM milatA hai kintu vibhinna prasaMgoM meM bikhare rUpoM meM bAIsa parISahoM se sambandhita carcA huI hai / ve bAIsa parISaha isa prakAra haiM-(1) kSudhA (2) pipAsA (3) zIta (4) uSNa (5) daMsamasaka (6) nAgnyA ( acela yA alpavastratva ) (7) arati (8) strI (9) caryA (10) niSadyA (11) zayyA (12) Akroza (13) vadha (14) yAcanA (15) alAbha (16) roga (17) tRNasparza (18) mala (19) satkAra-puraskAra (20) prajJA (21) ajJAna aura (22) adrshn| isa prakAra zramaNa ko apane sAdhanA mArga meM Ane vAle ukta sabhI kaSToM yA parISahoM ko samabhAva evaM dhairyapUrvaka sahate hue apane kartavya patha para dRr3ha rahanA caahie| dRr3hatA ke sAtha una para vijaya prApta karanA hI zramaNa-zramaNI kA vizeSa AcAra hai| isa parISahajaya ke dvArA vaha sAdhaka apane Apane Apako pUrNa yogI yA indriyajayI banA letA hai / samAdhimaraNa bhI eka kalA hai : jaina sAdhanA AnandapUrvaka jIne kI sAdhanA hai| vAstava meM, AcAramaryAdAoM se Abaddha jIvana hI sarvotkRSTa jIvana hai| AcArAMga vyakti ko jIne kI kalA bhI sikhalAtA hai aura marane kI kalA bhii| jIvana jIne kI kalA kA svarUpa prAyaH sabhI dharma praNetAoM evaM nItijJoM ne jagat ke samakSa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu AcArAMga meM

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zramaNAcAra : 263 mRtyu kalA (samAdhimaraNa ) jo ki jIvana kA avazyambhAvI pariNAma yA dUsarA pahalU hai--kA jitanA sUkSma eva sundara nidarzana hai utanA spaSTa varNana anyatra durlabha hai / jahA~ jIvana hai, vahA~ mRtyu bhI anivArya hai / prAyaH laukika anubhava meM hama dekhate haiM ki mRtyu kA nAma sunate hI manuSya prakampita ho jAtA hai, bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai / vAstava meM yaha mRtyu kA bhaya hI saMsAra meM sabase bar3A bhaya hai / kintu AcArAMgakAra ne use bhI utkRSTa kalA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| isa mRtyu kalA kI sAdhanA meM pUrNa saphalIbhUta hone vAlA sAdhaka hI uttIrNa mAnA jAtA hai / jo usameM asaphala ho jAtA hai vaha apane vAMchita sAdhya se vaMcita hI raha jAtA hai / prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki ajJAnI jIva isa mRtyu kalA ke jJAna se sarvathA anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa isa zarIra ko chor3ate samaya Akula-vyAkula ho jAtA hai aura isa mRtyu ko sAdhanA meM asaphala ho jAtA hai / usake viparIta samatvadarzI sAdhaka jIvana-maraNa kI AkAMkSA se rahita hone ke kAraNa madhya svabhAva meM sthira rahatA hai aura jIvana bhara kiye gaye sAdhanA rUpa zikhara para mRtyu kalA kA svarNa kalaza car3hA letA hai / isa taraha jIvana aura mRtyu kalA ke sandarbha meM AcArAMga kA spaSTa udghoSa hai ki jaba taka jIyeM yama-niyama, tapa tyAga-saMyama pUrvaka jIvana jaye aura mRtyu kA bhI samAdhipUrvaka varaNa kareM arthAt saMlekhanA ke sAtha prANoM kA visarjana kara deM / vAstava meM sAdhaka - jIvana na to jIne ke lie hai aura na marane ke lie / vaha mokSa kI abhoSTa siddhi ke lie hai / AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki aisI mRtyu se bhikSu karmakSayakartA bana sakatA hai aura vaha mRtyu usake lie kalyANaprada hotI hai / 231 isa taraha jise na to jIne kI AkAMkSA hai aura na marane kI kAmanA - vaha donoM meM taTastha rahatA hai | 232 vastutaH usakA jInA hI vAstavika jInA hai aura usakA maranA hI vAstavika samAdhimaraNa hai / saMlekhanA ( samAdhimaraNa ) kA mahattva : AcArAMga se spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki mRtyu sAdhaka ke lie yuddha hai| isameM vijaya pAne vAlA sAdhaka sabhI duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| Atma-dharma se gire binA parISahoM ko sahate hue samabhAvapUrvaka prANoM kA saharSaM visarjana kara denA sAmAnya bAta nahIM hai / isake lie asAdhAraNa vIratA aura sAhasa kI AvazyakatA hai| jisane maraNadharmA zarIra ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha liyA hai vaha bheda vijJAtA hI svecchayA isakA varaNa kara sakatA hai / zarIra se nirmohI vyakti hI isa dizA meM bar3hate haiM /

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264 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana isakI mahattA ko pratiSThita karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai ki vAstava meM zarIra kA vinAzakAla (mRtyu) saMgrAma - zIrSa (yuddha kA agrima morcA) kahA gayA hai / jo muni usameM hAra nahIM khAtA hai vahI (saMsAra kA ) pAragAmI hotA hai / parISahoM yA kisI bhI ghAtaka prahAra se Ahata hone para bhI vaha phalaka (lakar3I kA paTiyA jisa taraha lakar3I ke donoM bAjU se chIlakara usakA phalaka banAyA jAtA hai usI taraha : rIra aura kaSAya donoM ora se kRza muni ko 'phalagAvayaTThI' kahA jAtA hai) kI bhA~ti kRza yA susthira rahatA hai / mRtyu nikaTa Ane para vaha ghabarAtA nahIM hai balki vidhivat saMlekhanA dhAraNa kara zarIra kA anta hone taka kAla (mRtyu) kI pratIkSA karatA hai | 233 ( mRtyu kI AkAMkSA nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki vaha eka vIra yoddhA kI bhA~ti parISahoM yA manovikAroM ke sAtha yuddha karane meM mRtyu se bhaya nahIM khAtA hai aura na usase bacane yA pIche haTane kA prayAsa hI karatA hai, apitu mRtyu ke sannikaTa Ane para zAnta aura avicala bhAva se mRtyu ko jIta letA hai / saMlekhanA kA artha va svarUpa : 'saMlekhanA ' jaina dharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai / 'saMlekhanA ' pada 'sam' aura 'lekhanA' ina do zabdoM ke yoga se niSpanna hai / 'sam' kA artha hai samyaktayA aura 'lekhanA' kA artha hai kRza krnaa| ataH AcArAMga meM 'kasAya paNue kiccA appAhAro titikkhae' tathA 'anto bahiM viussijja' 234 dvArA saMlekhanA ke prayojana ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / saMlekhanA do prakAra hI hai-bAhya aura Abhyantara / vAhya saMlekhanA zarIrAdi kI hotI hai aura Antarika-saMlekhanA kaSAyoM kI / ise dravya aura bhAva saMlekhanA bhI kaha sakate haiM / sAdhaka mRtyu kI nikaTatA ko jAnakara, AhArAdi kA tyAga kara samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu ko svIkAra karatA hai / saMlekhanApUrvaka mRtyu ko jaina AcAra - zAstra meM 'samAdhimaraNa' athavA 'paMDita maraNa' yA saMthArA' kahate haiM / saMlekhanA karane kA samaya : bhikSu kA AhAra karanA aura nahIM karanA donoM sakAraNa hai / jaba taka yaha zarIra ratnatraya kI sAdhanA meM sahAyaka rahe, taba taka zarIra kA sAmAnyatayA poSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai, kintu 'jassaNaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavati - puTTho abalo ahaMsi, NAla mahamaMsi ginaMtara saMkramaNaM bhikkhAyariyagamaNae 235 jaba bhikSu ko aisA pratIta hone lage ki maiM rogAkrAnta hone ke

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zramaNAcAra : 265 kAraNa durbala ho gayA hU~, maiM bhikSA ke nimitta vibhinna gharoM meM jAne meM samartha nahIM ho rahA hU~ arthAt saMyama nirvAha karane meM akSama ho cukA hU~ athavA 'nassaNaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavati-se gilammi ca khalu ahaM imaMsi samaye imaM sarIragaM aNupuvveNa parivahittae',236 jaba use aisA lage ki maiM sacamuca isa samaya glAna (zarIra se azakta, durbala, rogAkrAnta evaM samayocita Avazyaka kriyA karane meM) ho rahA hU~ aura isa atyanta glAna zarIra ko vahana karane meM asamartha ho rahA hU~' aisI sthiti meM vaha glAna bhikSu saMlekhanA vrata dhAraNa karatA hai| saMlekhanA-vidhi (Akasmika aura kramaprApta ) : ___AcArAMga meM saMlekhanA kI vidhi ke mukhya rUpa se tIna aMga batAe gaye haiM-(1) AhAra kA alpIkaraNa (2) kaSAya kA kRzIkaraNa aura (3) zarIra kA sthiriikrnn| yadyapi kAla kI apekSA se saMlekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) vidhi kI utkRSTa avadhi bAraha varSa kI batalAI gaI hai, kintu yahA~ vaha vivakSita nahIM hai kyoMki glAna kI zArIrika sthiti utane samaya taka Tike rahane kI nahIM hotI / ataH glAna bhikSu ko apanI zArIrika sthiti va kSamatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara tadanurUpa yogyatAnusAra (trividha samAdhimaraNa meM se) kisI eka kA cayana kara saMlekhanA kI ArAdhanA zurU kara denI caahie| AcArAMga meM isa vidhi krama ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki apanI zArIrika asamarthatA ko dekhate hue vaha bhikSu kramazaH AhAra kA saMvartana (saMkSepa) kre| AhAra ko saMkSepa karate hue kramazaH kaSAyoM kA saMvartana (kRza) kre| kaSAyoM ko kuza yA manda karake samAdhi-yukta lezyA (pariNAma) vAlA bane tathA phalaka kI bhAMti zarIra aura kaSAya-donoM ora se kRza banA huA vaha glAna bhikSu saMlekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) ke lie utthita hokara zarIra ko sthira-zAnta kre|237 isI taraha, bhakta-pratyAkhyAna Adi kisI eka anazana ko pUrNataH saphala banAne ke lie kisI eka anazana kA pUrNa saMkalpa grahaNa karane ke pahale sAdhaka ko mukhya rUpa se nimnokta krama ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai yA kramika sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| AcArAMga meM saMlekhanA kI anukramika sAdhanA kI ora saMketa karate hue kahA hai aNapUvveNa vimohAiM jAiMdhIrA smaasjj| vasumaMto matimaMtA savvaM NaccA aNelisaM // 238

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266 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana arthAt dhairyavAn, saMyamI, matimAna (heyopAdeya - pArijJAtA) bhikSu sAdhanA ke krama meM prApta hone vAle anazana kA upayukta samaya jAnakara yA isa sambandha meM saba kucha jAnakara unameM se (bhaktapratyAkhyAna itvarika aura pAdopagamana meM se) eka aura advitIya (samAdhimaraNa) ko apanAe / yahA~ sUtrakAra ne 'aNupuveNa vimohAI' pada dvArA krama prApta saMlekhanA yA donoM prakAra ke anazanoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / (vizeSa vivecana ke liye AcArAMga 1 / 8 / 8 kI TIkA dekheM) bhikSu mRtyu se bhaya nahIM khAtA hai / vaha prArambha se hI janma-maraNa se mukta hone ke lie anazana ke kramaprApta aura Akasmika antarbAhya vidhi-vidhAnoM, kRtyAkRtya ko samajhakara tathA apanI zakti ko dekhate hue inameM se yathAyogya eka hI saMlekhanA kA cayana karake mRtyu ko saphala banAne kA prayAsa prArambha kara detA hai aura vibhinna tapazcaryA Adi ke dvArA apane ko samAdhimaraNa ke yogya banA letA hai / sUtrakAra krama se prApta hone vAle anazana kI ora iMgita karate hue kahatA hai ki dharma ke pAragAmI prabuddha bhikSu (saMlekhanA - sAdhaka) bAhya (zarIra upakaraNAdi) aura Abhyantara ( rAgAdi - kaSAya) donoM rUpoM kI heyatA anubhava karake ( pravrajyAdi ke ) krama se cala rahe saMyamI zarIra ko chor3ane yA vimokSa kA avasara jAnakara Arambha yA pravRtti se sambandha tor3a lete haiM / 239 yahA~ 'ArambhAo' zabda hiMsA ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai, apitu AhArAdi ke anveSaNa rUpa jo pravRttiyA~ haiM, uname nivRtta ho jAnA hai / isa sambandha meM TIkAkAra 240 kA bhI yahI mata hai / samAdhimaraNa ke liye udyata sAdhaka ko saMlekhanA karanA Avazyaka hai aura saMlekhanA meM 'kaSAya kI tanutA, AhAra kI alpatA aura titikSA ( parISaha Adi ko sahanA ) Avazyaka hai / yadi AhAra kI alpatA karate-karate vaha bhikSu saMlekhanA kAla meM glAna ho jAe athavA AhAra karane se glAni hotI ho to vaha usa glAna avasthA meM AhAra kA sarvathA tyAga kara de / 241 arthAt AhAra kA tyAga kara kisI bhI anazana ko apanA le / kahA gayA hai ki saMlekhanA evaM anazana kI sAdhanA meM avasthita bhikSu jIvana-maraNa kI AkAMkSA se Upara uThakara samabhAva pUrvaka sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahe tathA samAdhi kA samyaktayA anupAlana karate hue antarvAhya kA vyutsargaM kara zuddha adhyAtma kI eSaNA kare / 242 abAdha rUpa se cala rahe saMlekhanA - kAlIna jIvana meM yadi bIca meM hI koI vighna upasthita ho jAe aura

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zramaNAcAra : 267 mRtyu kI sambhAvanA ho to aisI sthiti meM bhikSu ko kyA karanA cAhie ? sUtrakAra kahate haiM jaM kiM vakkama jANe Aukhemassa appaNo / tasseva antaraddhAe khippaM sikkhejjapaMDie || 243 usa kramika cala rahe saMlekhanA kAla ke bIca yadi koI roga, AtaMka Adi upasthita ho jAe ora bhikSu apanI Ayu ko kSema rUpa se (samAdhipUrvaka) bitAne kA koI upAya jAnatA ho to vaha usa upAya ko saMlekhanA kAla ke madhya meM grahaNa kara le aura yadi usake zAnta hone kI koI sambhAvanA na ho to usa cala rahe saMlekhanA krama ke bIca hI vaha paMDita bhikSu zIghra ho ( bhakta - pratyAkhyAna Adi ) kisI eka anazana ko svIkAra kara le | samAdhimaraNa ke prakAra : gommaTasAra meM deha tyAga ke cyuta (Ayu pUrNa hone para mRtyu ho jAnA) cyAvita (viSa - bhakSaNAdi ke dvArA hone vAlA maraNa) aura vyakta (samAdhi pUrvaka hone vAlA maraNa) ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai / AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka hone vAle tIna anazanoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ve tIna prakAra haiM- bhaktapratyAkhyAna yA bhaktaparijJA, anazana, itvarika anazana aura pAdopagamana anazana | isa prakAra AcArAMga meM krama prApta aura Akasmika saMlekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) ke bheda se anazana tIna prakAra ke batAe gae haiM / ataH prasaMgAnusAra saMkSepa meM hameM yahA~ yaha bhI jAna lenA nitAnta Avazyaka hogA ki Akasmika aura krama prApta anazana kise kahate haiM / Akasmika anazana : jo akasmAt upasarga upasthita hone para, zarIra - bala yA jaMghA-bala kSINa hone para yA duHsAdhya mRtyudAyaka rogAdi kAraNa utpanna hone para, tathA svayaM meM uThane-baiThane Adi kI bilkula zakti na raha jAne para kiyA jAtA hai, vaha Akasmika anazana hai / AcArAMga ke aSTama adhyayana ke pAMcaveM, chaTheM aura sAtaveM uddezaka meM Akasmika anazanoM kA varNana hai / Akasmika anazana ko aparAkrama aura avicAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / 244 AnupUrvI ( kramaprApta ) anazana : kramazaH kAya aura kaSAya kI kRzatApUrvaka kiyA jAne vAlA anazana krama prApta yA AnupUrvI kahA jAtA hai arthAt AnupUrvI ( krama prApta )

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268 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana anazana taba kiyA jAtA hai jaba taka zarIra - bala kSINa na ho arthAt zarIra samartha rahe / AcArAMga meM isake lie AnupUrvI zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / bhakta pratyAkhyAna : 'bhaktapratyAkhyAna' jaina darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / bhakta kA artha hai bhojana aura pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai tyAga karanA / ataH bhakta pratyAkhyAna kA artha huA -- mRtyu ke nikaTa kAla meM AhAra -pAnI kA tyAga karanA / AcArAMga meM abhigrahaniSTha muniyoM dvArA grahaNa kie jAne vAle vibhinna prakalpoM ( viziSTa AcAra-maryAdAoM, saMkalpoM ) yA pratijJAoM kI carcAeM AI haiM / yahA~ bhikSuoM dvArA grahIta vaiyAvRtya ( sevA ) ke cha: prakalpoM yA saMkalpoM kA varNana karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM (1) kucha bhikSu aisI pratijJA karate haiM ki maiM glAna hU~, sAdharmika bhikSu aglAna haiM, svecchA se unhoMne mujhe sevA kA vacana diyA hai ataH ve sevA kareMge to maiM saharSa svIkAra karUMgA / (2) kisI bhikSu ko aisA saMkalpa hotA hai ki merA sAdharmika bhikSu glAna hai, maiM aglAna hU~ / usake dvArA anurodha nahIM karane para bhI maiMne use sevA ke lie kahA hai / ata: nirjarA Adi kI dRSTi se maiM usakI sevA karU~gA / (3) koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA grahaNa karatA hai ki maiM sAdharmiyoM ke lie AhArAdi lAU~gA aura unake dvArA lAyA huA AhAra svIkAra bhI karU~gA / (4) athavA koI muni yaha abhigraha grahaNa karatA hai ki maiM sAdharmika bhikSuoM ke lie AhArAdi lAU~gA kintu unake dvArA lAe hue AhArAdi kA sevana nahIM karU~gA / (5) athavA kisI bhikSu kA yaha saMkalpa hotA hai ki maiM sAdharmikoM ke lie AhArAdi nahIM lAUMgA / kintu unake dvArA lAyA huA AhArAdi svIkAra karU~gA / (6) kisI kA yaha abhigraha hotA hai ki maiM na to unake lie AhArAdi lAU~gA aura na unake dvArA lAyA huA AhArAdi sevana karU~gA | 245 ukta chaH prakAra kI pratijJAoM meM se bhikSu apanI zakti evaM ruci ke anusAra cAhe jisa pratijJA ko svIkAra kare yA uttarottara sabhI

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zramaNAcAra : 269 pratijJAoM ko bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kintu pratyeka bhikSu apanI lI gaI pratijJA kA jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka dRr3hatA se pAlana kre| ukta chaH prakAra kI pratijJAoM meM se chaThI pratijJA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA' vaha bhikSu glAna ho jAve aura apanA AhAra-pAnI lAne meM asamartha rahe taba bhI vaha svagrahIta pratijJA para aTala rahe / vaha apanI pUrvagrahIta pratijJAnusAra dUsaroM ke dvArA lAe hue AhAra pAnI ko svIkAra na kare arthAt jaMghAbala yA zarIrabala kSINa ho jAne para AhAra-pAnI kA tyAga kara samAdhimaraNa dvArA prANoM kA visarjana kara de kintu pratijJA kA bhaMga na kreN| isa prakAra ukta pratijJAdhArI bhikSa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prarUpita dharma ke svarUpa ko samyak rUpa se jAnatA haA zAnta, virata aura prazasta lezyA (vicAra dhArA ) meM samAhita AtmA vAlA bane / vaha glAna bhikSu pratijJA kA pAlana karatA huA yadi usa bhakta-pratyAkhyAna meM prANa-visarjana karatA hai to usakI vaha kAla-mRtyu hotI hai| usa mRtyu se vaha antakriyA (pUrNa karma kSaya) karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha mRtyu-moha se mukta bhikSuoM kA Ayatana, hitakara, sukhakara, kalyANakara aura bhaviSya meM sAtha calanevAlI hotI hai / 246 krama-prApta saMlekhanA kAla pUrNa hone ke bAda yA glAna hone para bhikSu gA~va athavA araNya-jahA~ bhI sthita ho vahA~ sthaNDila bhUmi ko samyak rUpa se pratilekhana va pramArjana kre| tadanantara usa nirdoSa bhUmi meM ghAsa kA saMstAraka kare / phira vaha usa tRNa-zayyA para baiThakara tathA jala varjita yA jala sahita cAroM AhAra kA tyAga kara zAnta bhAva se leTa jaae| usa sthiti meM parISaha Ane para unheM sahana kare / 247 bhaktapAna meM sAvadhAniyAM : (1) manuSyakRta anukUla-pratikUla upasargoM se spRSTa hone para bhI maryAdA kA atikramaNa na kiyA jAya / (2) parISahoM ke upasthita hone para yaha cintana kiyA jAya ki ye prANI mere zarIra kA hanana kara rahe haiM ( merI AtmA kA hanana nahIM kara rahe haiM ) unase saMtrasta hokara usa sthAna se vicalita na ho arthAt sthAna na bdle| (3) AsravoM se pRthak ho jAne ke kAraNa tRpti kA anubhava karatA huA unheM samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kre| (4) saMsaparNa karane vAlI (cIMTI Adi ) AkAzacArI jIva

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270 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana tathA vilavAsI (sarpa Adi ) jantu zarIra kA mAMsa khAeM, rakta pIe taba bhI unakA ghAta nahIM kare aura unakA pramArjana ( nivAraNa ) bhI nahIM kare | 248 isa prakAra bAhyAbhyantara graMthiyoM se vaha bhikSu Ayu- kAla kI yA anazana kI pratijJA kA pAra pA jAtA haiM / 249 (2) itvarika anazana - zarIra vimokSa ke sandarbha meM : itvarika anazana ko artha va svarUpa : yaha anazana kA dvitIya prakAra hai / 'itvarika' kA artha hai thor3e se nizcita pradeza meM jIvana bhara saMkramaNa karanA / ise iMgita maraNa bhI kahate haiM iMgita kA artha hai jisameM gamanAgamana sambandhI bhUmi- pradeza iMgita kara diyA jAtA hai / itvarika anazana ko svIkAra karane vAlA sAdhaka maryAdita bhUmi meM uThane-baiThane, sone Adi se sambandhita zArIrika kriyAeM kara sakatA hai / ataeva isa anazana ko 'itvarika' anazana kahA gayA hai / yahA~ isakA alpakAlika artha abhipreta nahIM hai apitu thor3e se nizcita yA niyata kSetra se hai / isake svarUpa ko abhivyaMjita karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai AyavajjaM paDiyAraM vijahijjA tihAtihA ( AcArAMga, 1188 ) isa anazana meM sthita bhikSu aMga-pratyaMgoM ke vyApAra (saMcAra) meM manasAvAcA aura karmaNA dUsare kA sahArA na le, na livAe aura na lene vAle kA anumodana kare arthAt sImita sthAna meM svayaM uThanA baiThanA Adi kriyAeM kara sakatA hai kintu uThane baiThane aura cakramaNa meM apane atirikta kisI dUsare ke sahAre ( paricaryA ) kA tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se tyAga kara detA hai / 250 1 itvarika anazana ke yogya sthAna : saMlekhanA - sAdhaka bhikSu gAMva meM, nagara meM, kher3e meM, karbaTa meM, maMDapa meM, pattana meM, droNamukha Akara, Azrama, sanniveza, nigama yA rAjadhAnI meM, kahIM bhI isa anazana ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai / jahA~ para kIr3e, aNDe, jIvajantu - bIja, harIta, osa, udaka, cITiyoM ke bila, phaphUMdI, gIlI miTTI aura makar3I ke jAle hoM usa sthAna para yaha anazana svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhie / 251 itvarika anazana grahaNa-vidhi : ekatva252 bhAvanA meM saMlagna muni anAsvAda 253 vRtti se rukSa AhAra

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zramaNAcAra : 271 karane se zArIrika durbalatA kA anubhava karatA hai taba usake mana meM samAdhimaraNa kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai aura vaha usa samaya AhAra aura kaSAya ko kRza karatA huA athavA kramazaH saMlekhanA karatA huA uparyukta kisI bhI prAmAdi meM praveza kara sUkhe tRNa-palAla Adi kI yAcanA kare, aura use prApta kara gAMva yA gAMva Adi ke bAhara ekAnta niravadya, nirdoSa evaM nirjIva sthAna para jaaye| usa sthAna ko bhalIbhAMti dekhakara, usakA pramArjana kara vahA~ tRNa-zayyA bichAe / tRNa-zayyA bichAkara usa para sthita ho usa samaya itvarika anazana svIkAra kare arthAt zArIrika kiyAe karane meM samartha bhikSa jIvana-paryanta niyamataH caturvidha AhAra ke parityAga ke sAtha hI maryAdita sthAna meM zArIrika kriyAe karane kA saMkalpa kara le / 254 itvarika anazana kA adhikArI : itvarika anazana kI zreSThatA evaM use svIkAra karane vAle sAdhaka kI yogyatA ko pratipAdita karate hue sUtrakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai pagga hiya taragaM ceyaM, daviyassa vijaannto| ayaM se avare dhamme NAyaputtaNa sAhie / (AcArAMga-188) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne itvarika anazana kA AcAra dharma bhakta-pratyAkhyAna se bhinna pratipAdita kiyA hai aura yaha itvarika anazana prathama (bhakta-pratyAkhyAna ) kI apekSA uccatara yA zreSThatara hai| ise jJAnI, dravika ( viziSTa jJAnI ora saMyamI ) hI svIkAra kara sakate haiN|255 Avazyaka nirdeza : (1) isa anazana ko svIkAra karane vAlA bhikSu hariyAlI yA vanaspati para zayana na kare apitu nirjIva evaM nirdoSa bhUmi para zayyA bichaae| (2) vaha aNAhArI bhikSu bAhyAbhyantara upadhi kA tyAga kara vicaraNa kare tathA parISahoM ke hone para unheM sahana kre| (3) vaha anAhArI bhikSu indriya glAna (zrAnta ) ho parimita mAtrA-sahita bhUmi meM hAtha paira Adi kA saMkoca-prasAra kare athavA samatA dhAraNa kre| (4) anazana meM sthita muni baiThakara yA leTe hue zrAnta ho jAe taba vaha zarIra-saMthAraNa yA zarIra kI samAdhi ke lie abhikramaNa aura prati

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272 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kramaNa ( gamanAgamana ) kre| hAtha-paira Adi ko sikodd'e-phelaae| yadi zakti ho to isa anazana meM bhI acetana vrata arthAt pAdopagamana kI bhAMti nizceSTa rahe / (5) yadi vaha zrAnta ho jAe to cakramaNa kare, calane para thaka jAe to sIdhA khar3A ho jaae| khar3A-khar3A zrAnta ho jAe, to anta meM baiTha jaae| (6) isa anupama anazana kI sAdhanA meM lIna bhikSu apanI indriyoM ko samyak rUpa se saMcAlita yA prerita kare arthAt iSTa-abhISTa, indriyaviSayoM meM rAga-dveSa na kre| (7) vaha ghuna-dImaka Adi se yukta kASTha, stambha, paTTe Adi kA sahArA na le kintu ghuna-dImaka Adi se rahita kASTha stambha Adi kI eSaNA kre| (8) jisakA sahArA lene se bajravat bhArI karma utpanna ho, aisI sadoSa kASTha, phalaka Adi vastuoM kA sahArA na le / usase apane Apako dUra rakhe ora vahA~ upasthita sabhI kaSToM ko sahana kare / 256 itanA hI nahIM, bhaktapratyAkhyAna anazana meM jina sAvadhAniyoM kA nirdeza diyA hai unase bhI isa anazana meM satarka rahanA Avazyaka hai| itvarika anazana kA mahattva : vAstava meM, yaha anazana satya svarUpa hai| ise svIkAra karane vAlA satyavAdI, vItarAga, tIrNa ( saMsAra pAragAmI) 'isa anazana ko pratijJA ko nibhA pAU~gA yA nahIM' isa saMzaya se mukta, sarvathA kRtArtha, jIvAjIvAdi padArthoM kA parijJAtA, isa zarIra ko kSaNabhaMgura mAnakara nAnA prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahakara bheda-vijJAna kI bhAvanA tathA isa bhairava ( bhayAnaka ) anazana kA anupAlana karatA haA kSubdha nahIM hotA hai| isa anazana meM usakI vaha mRtyu kAla-mRtyu hotI hai, tathA hitakara, sukhakara, kalyANakara, kAlocita aura bhaviSya meM anugamana karane vAlI hotI hai / 257 pAdopagamana anazana-zarIra-vimokSa ke sandarbha meM : lakSaNa: pAdopagamana anazana meM AhAra evaM kaSAyoM ke tyAga ke sAtha hI zarIra kA mamatva, zArIrika pravRttiyA~ evaM gamanAgamana kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai-'kAyaM ca goyaM ca iriyaM ca

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zramaNAcAra : 273 paccakkhAejjA'258 isa anazana ko svIkAra karane vAle bhikSu ke lie hAtha-paira Adi zArIrika avayavoM kA tanika bhI saMkoca - vistAra karane kA pratyAkhyAna karanA hotA hai / sAtha hI calane-phirane Adi se sambandhita sabhI kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zarIra evaM zarIragata sabhI pravRttiyoM kA pUrNatayA tyAga kara nizceSTa vRkSa kI bhA~ti eka hI niyata sthAna meM par3e rahane kA nAma pAdopagamana anazana hai / jaisA ki isake nAma se hI jJAta hotA hai ki 'pAdapa' (vRkSa) ke samAna eka sthAna meM nizcala rahanA / ise vibhinna granthoM meM 'pAdopagamana', 'prAyopagamana' aura 'prAyogyagamana' bhI kahA gayA hai| abhidhAna rAjendra koSa meM bhI pAdopagamana ke svarUpa ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai pAopagamaM bhaNiyaM sama-visame pAyavo jahA paDito / navaraM parappaogA kaMpejja jahA cala taru vva 259 sthAna, vidhi evaM mahattva : pAdopagamana anazana grahaNa karane ke yogya sthAna, sthAna kI nirdoSatA, pAdopagamana grahaNa vidhi evaM usake mAhAtmya kA sArA varNana itvarika anazana ke samAna hI hai kintu donoM anazana meM antara itanA hI hai ki itvarika anazana meM gamanAgamana ke lie bhUmi kI nizcita maryAdA hotI hai| usase bAhara muni tanika bhI aMga-pratyaMgoM kA saMcAlana nahIM kara sakatA, jabaki pAdopagamana anazana meM mala-mUtra visarjana ke atirikta uparyukta samUcI zArIrika pravRttiyoM ke saMcAlana kA pUrNataH tyAga hotA hai / isa anazana meM vaha acetanavat par3A rahatA hai / AcArAMga meM pUrvokta donoM anazanoM se isake vaiziSTya ko abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA hai ayaM cAyatatare siyA jo evaM aNupAlae / savvagAyanirodhevi ThANAto Na viubbhame // 260 yaha anazana bhaktapratyAkhyAna evaM itvarika anazana se bhI viziSTa - tara yA uttamatara hai / jo bhikSu ukta vidhi se isakA anupAlana karatA hai, vaha samUce zarIra ke nirodha (akar3a) ho jAne para bhI apane sthAna se vicalita nahIM hotA hai arthAt kaSToM yA pariSahoM se ghabarAkara sthAna parivartana nahIM karatA hai| apitu vahIM nizceSTa rahakara samabhAvapUrvaka kaSToM ko sahate hue Atmacintana meM lIna rahatA hai / yahI usakA svarUpa hai aura yahI usakI viziSTatA hai / ise kaThoratama sAdhanA ke kAraNa hI 18

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274 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana ukta donoM anazanoM se zreSThatama mAnA gayA hai| isakA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ayaM se uttame dhamme, puvvaTThANassa paggahe 261 yaha uttama dharma hai| yaha anazana pUrva sthAna dvaya-bhaktapratyAkhyAna evaM itvarika anazana se prakRSTatara graha (niyaMtraNa) vAlA hai| isameM pUrvokta anazanoM kA AcAra to hai hI, kintu pUrNarUpa se nizcala rahanA isakA vizeSa dharma hai| vizeSa AcAra : (1) apane pUrva niyata sthAna se calita nahIM honA (2) zarIra ko sarva prakAra se visarjita kara denA (3) pariSahoM ke upasthita hone para yaha socanA ki yaha zarIra hI merA nahIM hai (4) jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka hI ye parISaha aura upasarga haiM yaha jAnakara zarIra ke mamatva ko visarjita kara denA (5) prAjJa aura saMvRtAtmA vAlA hokara zarIra-bheda ke liye una kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahanA, (6) ihalaukika kAma-bhogoM kI nazvaratA ko samajhakara unameM tanika bhI Asakta nahIM honA (7) icchAoM yA lolupatAoM kA sevana nahIM karanA (8) devoM ke zAzvata divya-bhogoM ke lie nimaMtrita kie jAne para bhI unakI icchA nahIM karanA aura na usa daivamAyA para zraddhA karanA tathA (9) devI aura mAnuSI saba prakAra ke zabdAdi viSayoM meM anAsakta rahanA / 262 isa prakAra Ayu kA pAragAmI bhikSu titikSA ko zreSTha jAnakara hitakara vimokSa-bhakta-pratyAkhyAna, itvarika aura pAdopagamana meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra kre| Upara vivecita tInoM anazanoM meM bhakta-pratyAkhyAna anazana sAmAnya koTi kA hai| itvarika anazana madhyama aura pAdopagamana anazana uttama koTi kA hai| ye tInoM koTiyA~ sAdhaka kI zArIrika kSamatA kI apekSA se haiM, kintu tattvataH tInoM kA mUla uddezya jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa-prApti hI hai| bazarte ki vaha sAdhaka Ayu kAla paryanta dRr3ha pratijJa rahakara samatvapUrvaka samAdhimaraNa prApta kre| yadi vaha isa prakAra saMlekhanApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa karatA hai to ukta kisI bhI anazana se janmamaraNa para vijaya pA letA hai / saMlekhanA meM sAdhaka na kevala mRtyu kA anta karatA hai apitu samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA janma yA janma ke mUlabhUta hetu kA unmUlana kara letA hai| isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA abhISTa phala

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zramaNAcAra : 275 mokSa ko pAnA usakI sAdhanA kA uddezya hai aura isI meM jIvana bhara kI gaI usakI sAdhanA kI saphalatA nihita hai| saMlekhanA AtmaghAta nahIM hai : __saMlekhanA ( samAdhimaraNa ) ke sambandha meM kucha logoM kI aisI dhAraNA hai ki vaha eka prakAra kI Atma-hatyA hai kintu gaharAI se vicAra karane para unakI yaha dhAraNA nitAnta bhrAmaka evaM atAttvika pratIta hotI hai| AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa ko mahattva avazya diyA gayA hai kintu vahA~ Atma-hanana ke lie koI guMjAiza hI nahIM hai| Atma-ghAta ke mUla meM kaSAyoM ke atRpta vAsanAtmaka bhAvanAoM kA vAsa hotA hai, jabaki saMlekhanA ke mUla meM kaSAyoM kA sarvathA tyAga hotA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArAMga ke zarIra-vimokSa (zarIra-tyAga ) ke sandarbha meM sAdhaka para kisI bhI prakAra se AtmaghAta kA Aropa yA doSa nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke saMlekhanA ( samAdhimaraNa ) viSayaka adhyayana ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTataH abhivyaMjita hotA hai ki vahA~ saMlekhanApUrvaka hone vAlI mRtyu ko karmakSayakArI, hitakArI, sukhakArI aura kalyANakArI kahA gayA hai aura sAdhaka mRtyu ke sannikaTa Ane para jaba taka zarIra bheda na ho taba taka samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA mRtyu kI pratIkSA karatA hai AkAMkSA nahIM / ataH AcArAMga ke anusAra saMlekhanA ( samAdhimaraNa ) maraNAkAMkSA bhI nahIM hai / yathA jIviyaM NAbhikakhejjA, maraNaM Novi patthae / duhatovi Na sajjejjA jIvie maraNe thaa|| majjhattho NijjarApehI samAhimaNupAlae / anto bahi viussijja ajjhatthaM suddhamesae // 2 // 3 bhalA, jIvana-maraNa ke prati AcArAMga kI yaha madhyasthatA, anAsaktatA aura anAkAMkSA kI yaha prazasta dhAraNA evaM preraNA samAdhimaraNa ke mAdhyama se AtmahatyA yA Atmahanana kA vidhAna kaise kara sakatI hai? vAstava meM samAdhimaraNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM Atmahanana kA koI kAraNa bhI to dRSTigata nahIM hotA hai jabaki AtmaghAta kI pRSThabhUmi meM atRpta sAMvegika avasthAe~ kAma karatI haiN| AtmaghAtI vyakti to vibhinna bhAvanAtmaka manogranthiyoM, kuNThAoM, uttejanAoM, kaSAyoM yA kAma-vAsanAoM Adi se ghirA rahatA hai jabaki saMlekhanAdhArI sAdhaka inase sarvathA mukta rahatA hai / AtmaghAtI vyakti tIvratama Aveza meM Akara prANa-tyAga kara

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276 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana baiThatA hai, jabaki saMlekhanA ( samAdhi ) ke mala meM aisA koI kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| ataH isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa yA zarIra-vimokSa ko AtmaghAta kathamapi nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki bAhya dRSTi se ina tInoM anazanoM meM kAya-kleza kI ugratA yA zArIrika kaSTa sahana avazya pratIta hotA hai kintu isake antara meM jhA~kakara dekhane para parilakSita hotA hai ki vahA~ saMlekhanA yA anazana meM sthita sAdhaka sabhI kAmanAoM evaM manobhAvanAoM se Upara uThakara Ayu kAloM ke anta taka samatA-sAgara meM gote lagAtA rahatA hai aura saharSa pariSahoM se jUjhate hue samatA aura samAdhipUrvaka prANoM kA visarjana kara saMsAra yA AyukAla kA pAragAmI ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMlekhanAdhArI kI mRtyu mokSapradAyinI aura kalyANakAriNI hotI hai| AcArAMga ke AdhAra para niHsandeha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki (1) Atma-hatyA kaSToM se Ubakara kI jAtI hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM kaSToM meM samabhAva kI utkarSatA rahato hai| (2) Atma-ghAta kAyaratA aura bhIrutA kA dyotaka hai jabaki samAdhimaraNa vIratA aura nirbhayatA kA bodhaka hai| (3) Atma-hatyA meM vivazatA aura hatAzA hotI hai to saMlekhanA jIvana ke antima samaya meM mRtyu ko nikaTatA kA bhAna hone para tapa-vizeSa kI ArAdhanA meM paripUrNa hotI hai / (4) Atma-hatyA meM zabdAdi kAma-lobhoM kI lolupatA rahatI hai to saMlekhanA meM inakA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai / (5) Atma-hatyA meM kuNThAe~ va manograMthiyA~ kAma karatI haiM to saMlekhanA meM bAhyAbhyantara granthiyA~ khula jAtI haiN| (6) AtmahatyA moha-mahattva kA ghara hai to saMlekhanA vimohAyatana ( moha se mukta bhikSuoM kA Ayatana ) hai / (7) AtmahatyA mAnasika aprasannatA evaM apavitratA kA paricAyaka hai to saMlekhanA mAnasika prasannatA evaM zuddhatA kI paribodhikA hai| (8) AtmahatyA meM kaSAyoM kI bahulatA yA sthUlatA hotI hai to saMlekhanA meM kaSAyoM kI alpatA yA tanutA hotI hai| (9) AtmahatyA meM adhairya, asaMyama, aviveka, ajJAna evaM moha-mamatA kA Adhikya rahatA hai to saMlekhanA ke lie dhoratA, saMyama, jJAna heyopAdeya kA viveka Avazyaka rahatA hai| (13) AtmaghAta tIvra rAga-dveSa vRttiyoM kA pariNAma hai to saMlekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa samabhAva kA pariNAma hai| sandarbha-sUcI adhyAya 8 1. AcArAMga, 1/1/7 para zIlAMka TI0, patrAMka 72.

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2. AcArAMga, 1/2/6. 3. je AyAre Na ramaMti AraMbhamANA viNayaM viyaMti / chaMdovaNIyA ajjhovavaNNA AraMbhasattA pakareMti saMgaM | vahI, 111 7. 4. vahI, 2016. 7. vahI, 3 / 15. 9. praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 1. 11. 'gAmANu gAmaMduijjamANassa' vahI, 1|5|4. 12. vahI, ( AtmArAmajI TIkA ) 2 / 3 / 1 / 114. 13. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 111-113. 15. vahI, 17. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 121-122. 2 / 3 / 11118-120. 5. vahI, 2 / 16. 6. vahI, 2 / 15. 8. samavAyAMga, 25. 19. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 124. 29. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 125. 23. vahI, 2 / 3 / 3 / 130 131 tathA 2/5/2/151. 44. vahI, 2 / 1 / 1 / 6. 47. vahI, 21119/55. 49. vahI, 2 / 1 / 6 / 34. 51. vahI, 2 / 1 / 7 / 37. 53. vahI, 2 / 1 / 7 / 39. 55. vahI, 211110158. 57. vahI, 2 / 1 / 8 / 45. 59. vahI, 2 / 1 / 1 / 2. 69. vahI, 2 / 1 / 15. 63. vahI, 2 / 1 / 1 / 11. zramaNAcAra : 277 10. AcArAMga, 2 / 15. 14. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 115-117. 16. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 118. 18. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2 / 123. 20. vahI, 2 / 3 / 2125. 22. vahI, 2 / 3 / 3 / 127-128. 25. vinayapiTaka, 8|4|4. 24. manusmRti, 6 / 46. 26. AcArAMga, ( AtmArAmajI TIkA ) 2 / 4 / 1 / 132 evaM 2 / 15. 27. vahI, 2|4|1|132. 29. vahI, 2 / 4 / 1 / 133. 31. vahI, 2 / 4 / 2 / 136. 33. vahI, 1 / 2 / 5. 36. vahI, 18/2. 39. vahI, 1 / 8 / 5-6. 40. vahI, 2 / 4 / 2 / 137-139 49. vahI, 2/4/20140. 42. chAndogyopaniSad, 7 / 26 / 2. 43. AcArAMga, 1/8 6. 28. vahI, 2 / 4 / 1 / 135. 30. vahI, 2 / 4 / 1 / 134. 32. vahI, 2 / 4 / 2 / 138. 34, vaho, 1 / 6 / 2. 35. vahI, 1/2/5. 37. vahI, 1/2/5. 38. vahI, 18 2. 45. vahI, 2111117. 48. vahI, 2 / 1 / 6 / 33. 50. vahI, 2 / 1 / 6 / 35. 52. vahI, 2 / 1 / 7 / 38. 54. vahI, 2017/40. 56. vahI, 2 / 1 / 1 / 3. 58. vahI, 2 / 1 / 8 / 47-48. 60. vahI, 2 / 1 / 104. 62. vahI, 2 / 1 / 3 / 21. 64. vahI, 2|1|2| 10. 46. vahI, 20118.

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278 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 65. vahI, 2 / 1 / 2 / 12. 66. vahI, 2 / 1 / 6 / 31. 67. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 26-27. 68. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 26. 69. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 29-30. 70. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 28. 71. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 32. 72. vahI, 2 / 1 / 5 / 32. 73. vahI, 1 / 2 / 4. 74. vahI, 2 / 1 / 4 / 23. 75. vahI, 2 / 1 / 2 / 13. 76. vahI, 2 / 1 / 2 / 14. 77. vahI, 2 / 13 / 17. 78. vahI, 2 / 1 / 3 / 15. 79. vahI, 2 / 1 / 3 / 16. 80. vahI, 2 / 1 / 4 / 22. 81. vahI, 2.1 / 4 / 22. 82. uttarAdhyayana, 1 / 32. 83. bRhatkalpa, 1. 84. nizIthasUtra, 3. 85. AcArAMga, 2 / 1 / 3 / 19. 86. vahI, 2 / 5 / 2 / 149. 87. vahI, 2 / 6 / 2 / 154. 88. vahI, 2 / 1 / 2 / 30. 89. vahI, 2 / 1 / 9 / 49-50. 90. vahI, 2 / 1 / 9 / 54. 91. vahI, 2 / 17 / 41. 92. vahI, 2 / 17 / 42. 93. vahI, 2 / 117 / 41 evaM 2 / 18 / 43. 94. vahI, 2 / 1 / 11. 95. vahI, 2 / 1 / 11. 96. vahI, 2 / 1 / 9. 97. vahI, 1 / 6 / 2. 98. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1. 99. vahI, 1 / 8 / 4. 100. vahI, 1 / 8 / 4,1 / 6 / 3. 101. vahI, (AtmArAmajI TIkA), 2 / 5 / 1 / 142. 102. vahI, 2 / 6 / 1 / 152. 103. vahI, 2 / 5 / 11145. 104. vahI, 1 / 8 / 4. 105. manusmRti, 2 / 40-41. 106. vinayapiTaka, pR0 275 mahAvagga pAli. 107. AcArAMga (AtmArAmajI TIkA), 2 / 5 / 1 / 143, 144, 146. 108. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 147.. 109. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 146. 110. vahI, 2 / 5 / 2 / 149. 111. vahI, 1 / 8 / 4. 112. vahI, 2 / 5 / 2 / 151. 113. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 148. 114. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 146. 115. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 152. 116. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 152. 117. vahI, 2 / 6 / 1 / 152. 118. vahI, 2 / 2 / 1 / 64-65. 119. vahI, 2 / 2 / 1666. 120. vahI, 2 / 2 / 1 / 67. 121. uttarAdhyayana, 16 / 1. 122. AcArAMga, (AtmArAmajI TokA). 2 / 2 / 1 / 68 123. vahI, 2 / 2 / 1 / 69. 124. vahI, 2 / 2 / 1170. 125. vaho, 2 / 2 / 1 / 71. 126. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 78. 127. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 79. 128. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 80. 129. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 81. 130. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 82. 131. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 84. 132. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 85. 133. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 86.

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zramaNAcAra : 279 134. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 88. 135. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 90. 136. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 91. 137. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 93-96. 138. bRhatkalpa, 1127-32. 139. AcArAMga, (AtmArAmajI TIkA) 2 / 2 / 3 / 92. 140. bRhatkalpa, 1133-34. 141. AcArAMga, 2 / 2 / 3 / 97. 142. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 98. 143. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 99. 144. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 100-103. 145. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 104-105. 146. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 106. 147. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 107. 148. vahI, 2 / 2 / 3 / 108-109. 149 vahI, 2 / 6 / 2 / 153. 150. vahI, 2 / 10 / 165, 151. vahI, 2 / 10 / 166. 152. vahI, 2 / 10 / 167. 153. vahI, 2015. 154. vahI, 15. 155. vahI, 2 / 15. 156. zrI devabhadrasUri, pAsanAhacariyaM, prakA0 paM0 hIrAlAla zrI maNivijaya granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1945, pR0 460. 157. yogasUtra, 1 / 28. 158. (ka) AcArAMga, 2015 (kha) uttarAdhyayana, 21 / 17. 159. sthAnAMga, 4 / 1 / 247. 160. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 776, 161. sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 15 / 5, tulanIya uttarA0 13131. 162. AcArAMga, 2 / 16. 163. vahI, (AtmArAmajI TIkA) 2 / 7 / 1 / 155. 164. vahI, raa7|1|156. 165. vahI, 27 / 1 / 156. 166. vahI, 1 / 8 / 2. 167. vahI, 2 / 7 / 1 / 157. 168. vahI, 2 / 7 / 2 / 159. 169. vahI, 2 / 7 / 1 / 157. 170. vahI, 2 / 7 / 2 / 161. 171. vahI, 2 / / 2 / 162. 172. vahI, 2 / 11 / 168. 173. vahI, 2 / 11 / 169-170. 174. vahI, 2 / 11 / 169-170. 175. vahI, 2 / 12 / 171, 176. vahI, 2 / 11. 177. vahI, 2 / 13 / 173, 178. vahI, 1 / 2 / 5, 1 / 6 / 1. 179. vahI, 2 / 14 / 174. 180. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 112. 181. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 112. 182. vahI, 2 / 3 / 1 / 113. 143. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 77. 184. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 78. 185. uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 15. 186. AcArAMga, 1 / 4 / 3. 187. uttarAdhyayana, 28135. 188. padmanandiviMzatikA, 1148, caritrasAra, pR0 133. 189. AcArAMga, 115 / 4. 190. vahI. 1 / 8 / 5-7.

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280 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana 191. vahI, 1 / 5 / 4. 192. vahI, 1 / 6 / 2. 193. vahI, 1 / 88 194. vahI, 1 / 8 / 6-7. 195. vahI, (AtmArAmajI TIkA) 2 / 1 / 11 / 62. 196. vahI, 2 / 5 / 1 / 146. 197. vahI, 2 / 6 / 1 / 152. 198. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 100-102. 199. vahI, 2 / 15. 200. vahI, 1 / 5 / 4. 201. vaho, 112 / 6, 1 / 5 / 3. 202. vahI, 1 / 5 / 4. 203. vahI, 1 / 5 / 5 zIlAMka TI0 pratrAMka 198. 204. bhagavatIsUtra, jainavizvabhAratI, lADana, sUtra vi0 saM0 2031, sUtra 119. 205. AcArAMga, 1187, 1 / 6 / 3. 206. vahI, 1 / 8 / 6. 207. vahI, 1 / 8 / 5. 208. vahI, 1 / 8 / 4. 209. vahI, 1 / 3 / 1. 210. uttarAdhyayana 308, bhagavatI. 25 / 7 / 802. 211. AcArAMga, (AtmArAmajI TIkA) 2 / 2 / 2 / 80 212. AcArAMga, 1 / 9 / 2. 213. vahI, 115 / 4. 214. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 21, bhagavatI, 25 / 7, ThANAMga, 7 / 3 / 585. 215. AcArAMga, 1 / 5 / 5. 216. vahI, 115 / 3. 217. vahI, 1156. 218. vahI, 1 / 5 / 5. 219. vahI, 1 / 8 / 3. 220. vahI, 1855-7. 221. vahI, (AtmArAmajI TIkA) 2 / 9 / 2 / 164. 222. uttarAdhyayana, 30 / 36. 223. AcArAMga, 116. 224. vahI, 2 / 82 / 163. 225. Rgveda, 10 / 19011. 226. mahAnArAyaNopaniSad, 21 / 2. 227. saMpA0-zrI vaMzIdhara zAstrI, zatapatha brAhmaNa, (1-2 vibhAga ), acyuta granthamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI, prathama AvRtti, saM0 1997, sUtra 3 / 4 / 4 / 27. 228. nItA, 17 / 17-19, 6 / 16-17. 229. manusmRti, 11 / 243, 226, 237, 12 / 104, 6 / 75, 5 / 108. 230. AcArAMga, 187, 1 / 8 / 6, 1 / 6 / 2, 1 / 6 / 3, 1 / 6 / 5, 1 / 3 / 1, 112 / 5, 12 / 6. tathA upadhAnazru ta ke cAroM uddezaka, 1 / 9 / 1-4, 2 / 13 / 173. 231. vahI, 1 / 8 / 5-7. 232. vahI, 1818. 233. vahI, 1 / 6 / 5, 234. vahI, 11818. 235. vahI, 1 / 8 / 5. 236. vahI, 128 / 6-7. 237. se ANupuvveNaM AhAraM saMvaTejjA, ANupuvveNaM AhAraM saMvattA , kasAe payaNuekiccA samAhiyacce phalagAvayaTThI, uTThAya bhikkhU abhiNivvuDacce AcArAMga, 11816-7. 238. vahI, 188 __ 239. vahI, 188. 240. AcArAMga, 1178 para zIlAMka TIkA, patrAMka, 262. 241. AcArAMga, 11818. 242. vahI, 1818,

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zramaNAcAra : 281 243. vahI, 188. 244. abhi0 rAjendra koza, bhAga 1, pR0 303-304. 245. AcArAMga, 118 / 5. / 246. evaM se ahAkiTTi yameva dhamma samahi jANamANe saMte virate susamAhita lese tatthAvi tassa kAlapariyAe, se vi tattha viyaMtikArae, iccetaM-vimo__ hAyataNaM, hiyaM, suhaM, khamaM, NisseyasaM aNugAmiyaM ti bemi, vhii-1|85 247. vahI, 11818. 248. vahI, 1 / 88. 249. vahI, 1988. 250. vahI, 1818. 251. vaho, 1 / 8 / 6-7 252. vahI, 1 / 8 / 6. 253. vahI, 1 / 86. 254. vahI, 1/8/6. 255. vahI. 1/8/8. 256. vahI, 1/8/8. 257. vahI, 1/8/6. 258. vahI, 1/8/7. 259. abhi0 rAjendra koSa bhAga 5, pR0 819. 260. AcArAMga, 1/8/8. 261. vahI, 1/8/8. 262. vahI, 1/88. 263. vahI, 1/8/8.

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upasaMhAra AcArAMga jaina AcAra darzana kA prathama evaM prAcInatama grantha hai / bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya sabhI vidvAn isa sambandha meM eka mata haiM ki mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa AcAra darzana kA nikaTatama rUpa se pratipAdana karane vAlA yadi koI grantha hai to vaha AcArAMga hI hai| isa rUpa meM AcArAMga bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratinidhi grantha hai| yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki AcArAMga IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI se bhI pahale kA grantha hai aura usameM jaina AcAra praNAlI kA prAcInatama rUpa surakSita hai| ___ AcArAMga ke prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke saMkalanakartA evaM racanAkAla ko lekara jo vivAda pracalita haiM usameM itanA to satyAMza avazya hai ki bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se prathama evaM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha do bhinna kAla ke saMkalana haiM aura dvitIya zrataskaMdha prathama zrataskaMdha kI calikA ke rUpa meM hI jor3A gayA hai kintu usase dUsare zrutaskaMdha kA mahattva kama nahIM ho jAtA hai| vastutaH vaha prathama zrutaskaMdha kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAoM ko hI adhika vistRta evaM spaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| ataH isa sandarbha meM merA kahanA kevala itanA hI hai ki cAhe dvitIya zrutaskaMdha, prathama zrutaskaMdha kI vistRta vyAkhyA ho aura isa rUpa meM cAhe usakA paravartI bhI ho parantu jahA~ taka donoM ke mUla hArda kA prazna hai koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai / dvitIya zrutaskaMdha bhI prathama zrutaskaMdha meM pratipAdya viSaya kA hI samarthana karatA hai aura koI bhinna athavA navIna tathya prastuta nahIM karatA hai jo use prathama zrutaskaMdha se pUrNataH pRthaka kara detA ho| AcArAMga ke nItidarzana kI mUlabhUta pUrva mAnyatAyeM AtmA kI amaratA aura karma siddhAnta haiN| AcArAMga ke prArambha meM hI isa bAta ko spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki jo AtmA ke punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko mAnakara calatA hai vahI kriyAvAdI hai / AtmA kI amaratA aura AtmA ke kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva ko AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karatA hai| AcArAMga ne gItA ke samAna hI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki AtmA achedya, abhedya, adAhya aura ahanya hai evaM pUrvajanma ko grahaNa karatA hai|

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upasaMhAra : 283 T Atma-svAtantrya ke sandarbha meM bhI AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai / vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki bandhana aura mukti- donoM ke liye AtmA svayaM hI uttaradAyI hai / isa prakAra pAzcAtya nIti darzana meM svIkRta tIna pUrva mAnyatAoM - 1 - AtmA kI amaratA, 2 - icchA svAtantrya aura 3Izvara kA astitva - meM se AtmA kI amaratA aura icchA - svAtantrya ko AcArAMga svIkAra karake calatA hai / naitika jagat ke niyAmaka evaM zubhAzubha karma phala pradAtA ke rUpa meM Izvara kA astitva usameM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vaha AtmA kI zuddha avasthA ko hI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai parantu use jagat kA kartA evaM niyantA nahIM mAnatA / usameM naitika vyavasthA hetu Izvara ke sthAna para 'karma kA niyama' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / karma kI naitikatA - anaitikatA ke prazna ko pAzcAtya nIti darzana ke pariprekSya meM rakhakara dekhate haiM to hama pAte haiM ki pAzcAtya sukhavAdI vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki eka hI karma deza, kAla aura paristhiti kI bhinnatA ke anusAra kabhI naitika bana jAtA hai aura kabhI anaitika / isake viparIta kANTa kI mAnyatA hai ki jo naitika hai vaha kabhI anaitika nahIM tA aura jo anaitika hai vaha kabhI naitika nahIM hotA / sukhavAdiyoM ke anusAra nIti deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti sApekSa hai arthAt inake AdhAra para karma kI naitikatA parivartita hotI rahI hai jabaki kANTa ke anusAra kisI karma kI naitikatA deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti nirapekSa hai / bhAratIya nItizAstra meM yahI prazna utsarga aura apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM carcita rahA hai / prastuta samasyA ke sandarbha meM AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa ekAntika nahIM hai / jahA~ vaha eka ora ahiMsA ko sArvabhauma naitika siddhAMta ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora ahiMsA ke apavAda bhI prastuta kara detA hai / isa prakAra nirapekSa aura sApekSa naitikatA ke prazna ko lekara AcArAMga koI ekAMgI dRSTikoNa nahIM apanAtA hai / isI sandarbha meM maiMne satya, ahiMsA Adi ke una sabhI apavAdoM kI carcA kI hai jinakA ullekha AcArAMga meM upalabdha hotA hai / karma kI naitikatA ke sambandha meM usake bAhya evaM Abhyantara pakSoM kA vivAda bhI bahucarcita rahA hai| pAzcAtya cintakoM meM isa bAta ko lekara matabheda hai ki karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra karma kA preraka tattva hai yA svayaM karma kA svarUpa yA karma pariNAma / kucha logoM ne karma ke

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284 : AcArAGga kA notizAstrIya adhyayana Antarika pakSa arthAt preraka kA sambandha naitikatA se jor3A to kucha ne bAhya pakSa arthAt karma pariNAma kaa| isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga mUlataH kartA kI antaHvRtti ke AdhAra para hI naitikatA ko paribhASita karatA hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki karma kI naitikatA kartA ke adhyavasAya para AdhArita hai / yadyapi isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki AcArAMga naitikatA ke bAhya pakSa yA vyavahAra pakSa kI avahelanA karatA hai / naitikatA ke sambandha meM eka tIsarA prazna vaiyaktika naitikatA aura sAmAjika naitikatA ko lekara hai| kucha vicArakoM ne Atmahita para bala diyA hai to kucha ne lokahita ko pradhAnatA dI hai| ___ isa sambandha meM AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa bahuta spaSTa hai / vaha Atmahita yA Atma kalyANa ko prAthamikatA detA hai| usakA kathana hai ki prathama vyakti svayaM naitika bane / yadyapi usakA Atma-kalyANa loka kalyANa kA virodhI nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM vaha spaSTa rUpa se yaha ghoSita karatA hai ki muniyoM kA yaha dAyitva hai ki ve samAja meM naitika cetanA jAgRta kareM tAki jana-jana ke hRdaya meM abhaya kA saMcAra ho ske| AcArAMga kA mantavya itanA hI hai ki vyakti pahale naitika caritra ko ujjvala banAe aura usake pazcAt loka kalyANa meM pravRtta ho| loka maMgala kI sAdhanA Avazyaka to hai kintu use vaiyaktika AcaraNa kI pavitratA para khar3A honA cAhiye / AcArAMga ke anusAra eka sadAcArI sAdhaka hI eka sacce loka maMgala kA sraSTA ho sakatA hai| ___ jahA~ taka naitika mAnadaNDoM kA prazna hai pAzcAtya nIti darzana meM naitika mAnadaNDoM ko lekara vistAra se carcA huI hai| jabaki bhArata meM yaha prazna mUlataH acacita hI rahA hai| pazcima meM naitika sAdhya ke rUpa meM sukha, viveka aura AtmapUrNatA ke mAnadaNDa svIkRta kiye jAte rahe haiN| isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga meM bahuta spaSTa koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hai| yadyapi AcArAMga meM duHkha nivRttirUpa evaM abhayajanita sukha ko avazya hI naitika sAdhanA kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| kisI sImA taka yaha sAdhana ke rUpa meM viveka aura prajJA ko bhI sthAna detA hai tathApi AcArAMga kI naitika sAdhanA kA antima lakSya to AtmapUrNatA hI hai| AtmapUrNatA athavA Atma sAkSAtkAra ko AcArAMga kA naitika sAdhya svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki AcArAMga jisa AtmapUrNatA kI bAta karatA hai vaha pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI AtmapUrNatA kI avadhAraNA se bhinna hai| AcArAMga kA

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upasaMhAra : 285 mUla lakSya nirdvandva evaM nirvikalpa AtmatoSa kI avasthA hai aura isa sAdhya kI prApti ke liye AcArAMga eka suvyavasthita sAdhanA-vidhi prastuta karatA hai| ___ AcArAMga krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM para vijaya kA jo mArga batAtA hai vaha usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra ina kaSAyoM para vijaya kA eka hI mArga hai aura vaha hai unake prati apramatta yA jAgRta rahanA / AcArAMga bahuta spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki AtmA jaba apane viSaya-vAsanAoM yA kaSAyoM ke prati jAgRta ho jAtA hai taba ye vRttiyAM use ThIka usI prakAra chor3akara calI jAtI haiM jaise makAna mAlika ke jAgane para cora cupacApa bhAga jAte haiN| ___AcArAMga kA eka hI sandeza hai ki uTho, pramAda mata karo (uThThie no pmaaie)| AcArAMga sAdhaka ke liye yadyapi kaThora sAdhanA mArga kA pratipAdana karatA hai phira bhI vaha damana kA samarthaka nahIM hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki indriyoM kA jaba taka apane viSayoM ke prati rAga nahIM chUTatA hai taba taka unake damana kI koI sArthakatA nhiiN| ataH AcArAMga kI sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya viSaya rAga ko samApta karanA hai| isa tathya ko AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM spaSTa rUpa se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| _ AcArAMga meM sAdhanA mArga kA viziSTa artha meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi jaina dharma meM sAmAnyatayA sAdhanA mArga kA tAtparya samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra rUpa ratnatraya se liyA jAtA hai| kintu AcArAMga eka dUsare prakAra ke trividha sAdhanA-mArga ko prastuta karatA hai jo ki usakI apanI vizeSatA hai| usameM ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA vivecana huA hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai 'nikkhita daNDANa samAhiyassa paNNANa mantANa iha muttimaggaM' arthAt ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA mukti mArga haiN| AcArAMga kA yaha sAdhanA mArga hameM bauddha dharma ke prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi rUpa trividha sAdhanA patha kA smaraNa dilA detA hai / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki bauddha darzana meM jahAM zIla zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vahAM AcArAMga meM nikkhittadaNDANa (ahiMsA) zabda kA prayoga huA hai kyoMki AcArAMga kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA hI zIla kI paryAyavAcI hai| yaha bhI

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286 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana spaSTa hai ki samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra rUpa trividha sAdhanA mArgaM isI se vikasita huA hai| jahAM ahiMsA samyak cAritra kI poSaka hai vahIM prajJA meM samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / samAdhi ko samyak cAritra yA samyak tapa kA aMga mAnA jA sakatA hai / vaise AcArAMga meM samyak darzana zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / yadyapi hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki AcArAMga meM darzana zabda zraddhAparaka artha kI apekSA dRSTiparaka artha meM hI adhika prayukta huA hai / usameM 'pAsa' zabda kA prayoga bhI dekhA jAtA hai jo 'draSTAbhAva' kA sUcaka hai / AcArAMga meM draSTAbhAva meM sthita hone ko hI samyak darzana mAnA gayA gayA hai / yadyapi AcArAMga meM kucha sthAnoM para zraddhA kA ullekha bhI dekhA jAtA hai / eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko jina-pravacana ke prati niHzaMka honA cAhiye / jahA~ taka samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA prazna hai ve AcArAMga meM pratipAdita haiM hI, cAhe kisI bhinna zabdAvalI meM kyoM na hoM / isa prakAra samyak jJAna-darzana aura cAritra rUpI trividha sAdhanA - mArga bhI AcArAMga meM kucha bhinna zabdAvalI ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai / AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pA~ca mahAvratoM meM ahiMsA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / usa meM dharma kI spaSTa rUpa se do vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM, eka sthAna para yaha kahA gayA hai ki AryajanoM ne samatA meM dharma kahA hai' to dUsare sthAna para ahiMsA ko sArvabhauma dharma pratipAdita karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhUtakAla meM jo arhat hue haiM, vartamAna meM jo haiM tathA bhaviSya meM jo hoMge ve isI bAta kA upadeza dete haiM ki kisI ko mAranA nahIM cAhiye, satAnA nahIM cAhiye - yahI ekamAtra zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai / vastuta: ahiMsA aura samatA do bhinna dharma nahIM haiM | ahiMsA jaba Antarika banatI hai to vaha samatA hotI hai aura samatA jaba bAhya jIvana meM abhivyakta hotI hai to ahiMsA bana jAtI hai / AcArAMgakAra ne isa ahiMsA ko Atmavat dRSTi ke AdhAra para sthApita kiyA hai aura isI Atmavat dRSTi ko naitikatA kA niyAmaka tattva batAyA hai / ahiMsA meM bhAvanA aura viveka donoM sammilita haiM / ve bauddhika bhI

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upasaMhAra: 287 haiM aura bhAvanAtmaka bhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AcAra, darzana kA kendrIya tattva banA huA hai| satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye mahAvrata AnuSAMgika rUpa se ahiMsA mahAvrata ke sahayogI mAne jA sakate haiN| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa parigraha yA Asakti ko vRtti hai| vyakti ko yadi ahiMsaka bananA hai to use aparigrahI bananA hogaa| steya vRtti kA kAraNa parigraha yA saMcaya vRtti aura pariNAma hiMsA hai| ataH ahiMsA kI sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka ko steya vRtti se dUra rahanA hogaa| ___ abrahmacarya, viveka yA prajJA ko kuNThita karatA hai aura isa rUpa meM hamAre svarUpa kA ghAtaka hai / sAtha hI maithuna karma meM bhI hiMsA hotI hai / ataH ahiMsA kI pUrNa sAdhanA binA brahmacarya ke sambhava nahIM hai / isI prakAra satya aura ahiMsA cAhe bAhara se bhinna-bhinna dikhalAI deM-satya ke binA ahiMsA kA aura ahiMsA ke binA satya kA astitva nahIM hai| donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM ahiMsA kA jitane vistAra aura gaharAI se vivecana upalabdha hotA hai utanA anya prAcIna granthoM meM nhiiN| vastutaH AcArAMga ke anusAra naitikatA aura anaitikatA kA yadi koI pramApaka hai to vaha ahiMsA hI hai| jahA~ hiMsA hai vahA~ anaitikatA hai aura jahA~ ahiMsA hai vahA~ naitikatA hai| ___ jaina dharma mUlataH eka nivRtti pradhAna dharma hai aura isa kAraNa usameM zramaNa jIvana kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vaise jaina paramparA meM AdhAra ke mUlabhUta niyamoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai-1-zramaNAcAra aura 2-gRhasthAcAra / kintu AcArAMga ke donoM hI zrutaskandhoM meM gahasthAcAra kA vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / gRhasthAcAra sambandhI niyamoM kA usameM abhAva hI hai| ___ AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskaMdha ahiMsA, saMyama, apramattatA Adi AcAra ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ko prastuta karatA hai jabaki dUsarA zrutaskandha Aca ra ke vibhinna niyamoM aura upaniyamoM kI carcA karatA hai / dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM ina saba bAtoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki muni ko kisa prakAra kA AhAra, vastra, pAtra aura nivAsasthAna grahaNa karanA caahiye| isI prakAra dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke pArasparika evaM sAmAjika vyavahAra ke sambandha meM bhI bahuta kucha prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ina saba carcAoM ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki

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288 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana AcArAMga ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko kendra bindu banAkara nivRtti pradhAna zramaNa dharma kI vivecanA karatA hai| yadyapi isa rUpa meM AcArAMga ko mukhyataH niSedhAtmaka naitikatA kA pratipAdaka mAnA jA sakatA hai, tathApi usameM vidheyAtmaka naitikatA ke svara bhI yatra-tatra sunAI dete haiN| usakA ahiMsA kA siddhAnta lokapIr3A ke nivAraNa ke lie hai aura isa rUpa meM usakA hRdaya rikta nahIM hai, jaisA ki zrImatI sTIveMsana ne pratipAdita kiyA hai| vaha Atma-kalyANa ke sAtha hI sAtha loka-kalyANa ko bhAvanA se bhI anuprANita hai| usakI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ke mUla meM loka karuNA aura loka maMgala ke svara bhI mukhara haiM /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI abhidhAna rAjendra koza (1 se 7 bhAga) : zrImadvijayarAjendra sUrijI, prakAzaka - zrI jaina zvetAmbara samasta saMgha, jaina prabhAkara presa, ratalAma san 1913 | anuyogadvArasUtra (vRtti - sahita ) : zrImadmaladhArI hemacandrasUri, prakAzaka - zA. gulAbacanda lallUbhAI, zrI mahodaya priMTiMga presa, dANApIThabhAvanagara, san 1939 / adhyAtmasAra: upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI, prakAzaka - kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra sthApaka saMghavI, nagInadAsa karamacanda, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1994 / adhyAtmopaniSad : upAdhyAya yazovijayajI, prakAzaka - kezarabAI jJAnabhaNDAra sthApaka saMdhavI nagInadAsa karamacanda, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1994 / aSTaka prakaraNa : zrI haribhadra sUri, prakAzaka - zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, govAliyA, TaeNkaror3a bambaI, prathama AvRtti, san 1941 // aSTapAhuDa ( sIlapAhuDa) : zrImad kundakundAcArya, prakAzaka - zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrarAjacandra jainazAstramAlA, agAsa / ahiMsA - darzana : pravacanakAra - upAdhyAya amaramunijI, sanmati jJAnapITha lohAmaNDI, AgarA -2, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1976 / A prakAzaka ahiMsA-vANI : (torthaMkara mahAvIra sacitra vizeSAMka) sampAdaka - zrIkAmatA prasAda jaina, prakAzaka - a0 vi0 jai0 mi0 eTA, apraila san 1156-1961 atharvaveda saMhitA : prakAzaka - vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maNDala bhArata mudraNAlaya (pAraDI) ji. sUrata, tRtIya AvRtti, san 1957 / astitvavAda : hRdayanArAyaNa mizra, prakAzaka - kitAba ghara, kAna pura-3, san - 1968 ! 19

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290 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana aMguttaranikAya : anuvAdaka-bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana, prakAzaka mahAbodhi sabhA, klkttaa| AcArAMga sUtra : sampA0-muni jambUvijaya, prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolaoNjikala TrasTa, baMgaloroDa javAhara nagara dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1978 / / AcArAMgasUtram (1-2 bhAga) : vyAkhyAkAra-zrI AtmArAmajI, sampA0-muni samadarzI, prakAzaka-zrI AtmArAmajI jaina prakA zana samiti, ludhiyAnA, prathama praveza, san 1963 / AcArAMga sUtra-(prathama zrutaskandha) : saMyo0 evaM pradhAna sampA0-yuvA cAryamizrImala jI, "madhukara" prakAzaka-Agama prakAzana samiti, jaina saMsthAnaka pIpaliyA bAjAra, vyAvara (rAjasthAna), 1980 / Atma-siddhizAstra : zrImadrAjacandra, sampA0-60 jagadIzacandazAstrI, prakAzaka-zrIparamazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala, khArAkuA~ joharI bAjAra, bambaI-2, prathama AvRtti, san 1937 / Anandaghana granthAvalI : saMta zrIAnandaghana, sampAdaka-mahatAbacanda khAreDa vizArada, prakAzaka-zrI vijayacanda garagar3a, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura (rAja.) prathamAvRtti vI0 saM0 2031 / / Anandaghana caubIsI : santa Anandaghana, vivecaka-motIcanda giradhara lAla kApar3iyA, prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, ogasTa krAnti mArga, muMbaI-26, prathama AvRtti, saM0 1970 / AcArAMga niyukti : zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI, prakAzaka-zrI siddhacakra __ sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1935 / AcArAMga TIkA : zrI zIlAMkAcArya, prakAzaka-zrIsiddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1935 / AcArAMga cUNi : zrI jinadAsagaNi, prakAzaka-zrIRSabhadevajI kezarI malajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1941 / Avazyakaniyukti : zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI, prakAzaka-Agamodaya samiti, vIra saM0 2454 / itivRttaka : anuvAdaka-bhikSudharmaratna, prakAzaka-mahAbodhisabhA sAranAtha, banArasa, buddhAbda 2499 /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI : 291 IzopaniSad (aSTAdaza upaniSad) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzo dhana maNDala, pUnA / prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra :prakAzaka-bhogIlAla bulAkhodAsa dalAla,zrI jaina prAcya vidyA-bhavana, elisabrija-ahamadAbAda san 1954 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra : AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita, prakAzaka-jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya-lAhaura san 1939-42 / uttarAdhyayana cUrNi-zrI jinadAsagaNimahattara, prakAzaka zrIRSabha devajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, prakAzana varSa 1933 / upadezapada : zrI haribhadra sUri (zrI municandrasUri nirmita TIkAsaha) prakAzaka-zrImuktikamala jaina grantha mAlA, bar3odarA, puSpa 19, san 1923 / upadezataraMgiNI : zrI ratnamandiragaNi, prakAzaka-nijadharma abhyudaya yantrA laya, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2437 / upadezasahasrI : zrI zaMkarAcArya, prakAzaka-bhArgava pustakAlaya, vArANasI san 1954 / aitareyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSad ) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika __ saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, saM0 1880 / ethikala sTaDIja : lekhaka-epha0 eca0 braDale, prakAzaka-AksaphorDa yunivarsiTI presa, san 1935 / audhaniyukti (droNAcAryakRta vRtti sahita) : zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI, prakA zaka-zrImadvijaya dAnasUri jaina granthamAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, san 1957 / aupapAtika sUtra : anuvAdaka-muni umezacandrajI 'aNu' prakAzaka zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0), prathama AvRtti, san 1963 / karmagrantha-prathama bhAga-( hindI anuvAda sahita ):-zrImad devendra sUri, anuvAdaka-paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, prakAzaka-javAharalAla nAhaTA, zrI AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1939 /

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292 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana kaNAdakRta nyAyasUtra-vivaraNa : rAdhAmohana vidyAvAcaspati gosvAmI bhaTTAcArya, prakAzaka-meDikala hAla presa, banArasa, san 1903 / kaThopaniSad : prakAzaka-caukhambA-vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI-1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 2028 / kArtikeyAnuprekSA : svAmI kArtikeya, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala ( zrImadarAjacandra jainazAstramAlA) agAsa, prathama AvRtti, san 1960 / kenopaniSad (aSTAdaza upaniSad) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / kauSItakyupaniSad, prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, puunaa| prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / gA~dhIvANI : sampAdaka-zrIrAmanAtha 'sumana', prakAzaka-sAdhanA-sadana, 69 lUkaragaMja, ilAhAbAda, san 1947 / gItA : prakAzaka-motIlAla jAlAna, gItApresa, gorakhapura, bIsavA~ saMskaraNa, saM0 2028 / / gItA-zAMkarabhASya : prakAzaka-ghanazyAmadAsa jAlAna, gItA presa, gorakha pura, caturtha saMskaraNa, 1995 / / gommaTasAra : zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, prakAzaka-zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala ( zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA ) agAsa, caturtha AvRtti, san 1972 / chahaDhAlA : paM0 daulatarAma jI, prakAzaka-zrIsvAdhyAyazAstramAlA, zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira, sabjImaNDI, dehalI-6, san 1974 / chAndogyopaniSad, prathama khaNDa : aSTAdazaupaniSad, prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / jaina bauddha aura gItAke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : DA0 sAgaramala jaina, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura, (bhAga-1) san 1969 / jaina yoga : Ara0 viliyamajemsa, prakAzaka-o0 yU0 presa, landana san 1963 / jainadarzana : munizrI nyAya vijayajI, prakAzaka-zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, pIpalAno zera, pATana (u0 gu0), san 1956 /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI : 293 jainadharma kA prANa : paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakAzaka-mArtaNDa upAdhyAya, sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, prathama AvRtti, san 1965 / jainadharma : muni zrI suzIla kumAra, prakAzaka : a. bhA0 zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphrensa-bhavana, 12 leDI haDiMga roDa, naI dillI, prathama AvRtti, san 1958 / jainayoga : muninathamala, prakAzaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru ( rAjasthAna ) dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1980 / jainadarzana-mana aura mImAMsAH muni nathamala, prakAzaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru ( rAjasthAna ) prathama saMskaraNa 1973 / jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA : DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, prakAzaka-sohana lAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, gurubAjAra, amRtasara, prakAzana varSaH san 1972 / ThANAMga ( sthAnAMgasUtra) : anuvAdaka-paM0 muni amolaka RSijI, prakA zaka-rAjAbahAdura lAlA sukhadeva sahAya, gvAlAprasAda jI jauhrii| tattvArthasUtra (vivecana sahita ) : vAcaka umAsvAti, vivecanakartA-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakAzaka-zrI mohanalAla dIpacanda caukasI, zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka TrasTa borDa, cauthAmAlA, bambaI-3 prathama saMskaraNa, san 1996 / tattvArtharAjavArtika : akalaMkadeva, prakAzaka-zrI pannAlAla jaina, candra prabhA presa, banArasa san 1915 / tejobindupaniSad : sampA0 paM0 jagadIza zAstrI / ( upaniSada saMgraha) : prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara-dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970 / tettarIyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSada ) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / theragAthA : sampAdaka-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, Ananda kauzalyAyana evaM jagadIza kAzyapa, uttama bhikkhu, buddhAbda 1137 / dazavaikAlika sUtra : zayaMbhavasUri, prakAzaka-a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0 ) dvitIya AvRtti, san 1964 /

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294 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana dazavekAlika cUrNi : jinadAsagaNi mahattara, prakAzaka - zrI RSabhadevajo kezarImalajI jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma san 1533 / darzana aura cintana ( khaNDa 1 / 2 ) : paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI, prakAzaka paM0 sukhalAlajI sammAna samiti gujarAta vidyA-sabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda- 1 / dazakAlika niyukti : mANeka muni, prakAzaka - jaina zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAra, sUrata, san 1930 / dIghanikAya : prakAzaka - ena0 ke0 bhagavat, bambaI yunivarsiTI -- 1 ( paDhamobhAgo ) : prathama AvRtti, san 1942 / - dharmaM aura darzana : devendra munizAstrI, prakAzaka - sanmati jJAnapITha lohA maNDI, AgarA, prathama prakAzana, san 1967 / dhammapada : sampAdaka -- zrI satkArizarmA, prakAzaka - caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI - 5 dvitIya saMskaraNa, sa0 1977 / nandIsUtra : AcArya deva vAcaka, sampAdaka - munizrI puNyavijayajI prakAzaka - prAkRti TeksTa sosAyaTI vArANasI - 5, san 1966 / nandI sUtracUrNa evaM vRtti: jinadAsagaNimahattara, sampAdaka - muni zrI puNya vijayajI, prakAzaka - prAkRta grantha pariSad vArANasI -- 5, san 1966 / w -- navatattvadIpikA : dhIrajalAla TokarazI, prakAzaka - jaina sAhitya prakAzana mandira, cIMca bandara, bambaI - 9, prathama AvRtti, san 1966 / nizIthasUtra ( bhASya cUrNi samanvita ) : visAgaNimahattara, sampAdakaupA0 amaramuni evaM kanhaiyAlAla "kamala" prakAzaka -- sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI, AgarA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1960 / niyamasAra : kundakundAcArya, prakAzaka - jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI san 1916 / nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa : DaoN0 saMgamalAla pANDeya, prakAzaka - seNTrala buka Dipo, ilAhAbAda san 1969 / - nItizAstra : je0 ena0 sinhA, prakAzaka - jayaprakAza nAtha eNDa kampanI, meraTha san 1960 / naitika jIvana ke siddhAnta : jAnaDyUI, prakAzaka - AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dehalI san 1963 /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI : 295 paramAtmaprakAza : yogindu deva, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, (zrImad rAjacanda jaina zAstramAlA ) agAsa, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1973 / paMcAstikAya : kundakundAcArya, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA ) agAsa, tRtIya AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2025 / paMcAdhyAyI : kavivara paM0 rAjamalajI, prakAzaka-zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA banArasa, prathama saMskaraNa, vI0 saM0 2476 / pramANanayatattvAloka : vAdidevasUri, anuvAdaka-paM0 zobhAcandrabhArilla 'nyAyatIrtha' prakAzaka-Atma-jAgRti kAryAlaya, jainagurukula zikSaNa saMgha, byAvara, prathama AvRtti, san 1942 / / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ( vRttisahita ) prathama-dvitIya khaNDa : jJAnavimalasUri, prakAzaka-zrI muktivimala jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda vi0saM0 1995 / prajJApanAsUtra ( TIkA anuvAda sahita): zyAmAcArya anu0-paM0 bhagavAna dAsa harSacandra, prakAzaka-zAradA-bhavana jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadA bAda saM0 1991 / pravacanasAra : zrImadkundakundAcArya, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImadrarAjacandra jainazAstramAlA) agAsa, tRtIya AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2021 / prazamaratiprakaraNa : vAcaka umAsvAti, prakAzaka-zrIparamazrata prabhAvaka maNDala, caukasI caimbara, khArAkuA~, joharI bAjAra, bambaI-2 prathama AvRtti, san 1950 / / prajJopAyavinizcaya : anaMgavajra, prakAzaka-oriyaNTala iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA san 1929 / puruSArthasiddhayupAya : amRtacandrAcArya, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImadarAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA ), agAsa, prathama AvRtti, san 1966 / bRhatkalpasUtra (hindI bhASAnuvAda sahita ) : anu0 zrI amolakaRSi jI, prakAzaka-rAjAbahAdura lAlA sukhadeva sahAya jvAlA prasAda jI jauharI, jainazAstroddhAra mudraNAlaya, sikandarAbAda, vI0 saM0 2446 /

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296 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana bRhalkalpabhASya : sampAdaka-muni zrIpuNyavijayajI, prakAzaka-AtmA nanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara san 1933 / bRhatsvayambhUstotra : samantabhadrAcArya prakAzaka-mUlacanda kisanadAsa ___ kAyar3iyA, sUrata prathama AvRtti, vI0 saM0 2458 / bahadravyasaMgraha : nemicandra siddhAntadeva, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImadrAjacandra jainazAstramAlA), agAsa, tRtIya AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2022 / dRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( aSTAdazaupaniSad ) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka vedika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / brahmavidyopaniSad ( upaniSad saMgraha) : sampAdaka-paM0 jagadIza zAstrI, prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970 / brahmabindUpaniSad ( upaniSada saMgraha) : sampAdaka-paM0 jagadIza zAstrI prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970 / baudhicaryAvatAra : AcArya zAntideva, anu0-zAntibhikSazAstrI prakAzaka -buddhabihAra, risAladArapArka, lakhanaU, prathama AvRtti, san 1955 / bauddha dharma-IMPA rendra -bihAra rASTra bhASA79 .n 1956 / ..1vasUri, anu-saMzo0 manasukhalAla khajIbhAI mahetA, " ur - zrI ji. .., 107, dhanajI sTrITa, bambaI, vi0 sa0 9 . . . bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakA zaka-madhyapradezazAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, san 1962 / bhAgavatpurANa- (dvitIya khaNDa ): maharSi vedavyAsa, prakAzaka-motI lAla jAlAna, gItApresa, gorakhapura, paMcama saMskaraNa, saM0 2021 / mahAbhArata (Adiparva ) : maharSi vedavyAsa, prakAzaka-gItApresa gorkhpur| mahAbhArata (zAntiparva ) : maharSi vedavyAsa, prakAzaka-gItApresa, gorkhpur|

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI : 297 mahAbhArata ( anuzAsanaparva ) : maharSi vedavyAsa, prakAzaka-gItApresa, gorkhpur| manusmRti : manu prakAzaka-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1946 / majjhima nikAya ( majjhima paNNA aMka-2): sampAdaka-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, prakAzaka-pAliprakAzana maNDala, bihAra rAjya, san 1958 / mahAnidesapAli ( suttapiTake ) : sampAdaka-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, prakAzaka-bihAra rAjya pAli prakAzana maNDala, san 1960 / mANDukyopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSada) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / mImAMsAdarzana ( gujarAtI) : anuvAdaka-paM0 mAyAzaMkara zarmA, prakA zaka-nAraNajI puruSottama, vi0 saM0 2008 / muNDakopaniSad ( aSTAdaza upaniSada ) prathama khaNDa : prakAzaka-vaidika ___ saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA / prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0 1880 / mUlAcAra : vaTTakera, prakAzaka-mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti bambaI, prathama AvRtti, vI0 saM0 2447 / malArAdhanA (aparanAma) 'bhaga pArAdhanA' : tikoTi AcArya. ana0 paM. jinana-ATI SR. bhayANa kAzakabalAtkAra TOPY FITNESY : T-Fr 35 / maitrAyaNyapaniSada ( aSTAda .. ... -di| saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA, pra.. . mokSamArga prakAzaka : ToDara mala, prakAza sAkAra rAmApracAraka kAryA laya 80, loara citapura roDa, kalakatA, prathama AvRtti, san 1939 / yajurveda : ajamera vaidika yaMtrAlaya, vi0 saM0 1956 / yAjJavalkyasmRti (mitAkSarA vyAkhyA sahita ) : maharSi yAjJavalkya, hindI vyAkhyA-DaoN0 umezacandra pANDeya, prakAzaka-caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vidyA-vilAsa presa, vArANasI-1, prathama saMskaraNa, 1967 / yogabindu : AcArya haribhadra, prakAzaka-seTha IzvaradAsa mUlacanda, zrIjena grantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, san 1940 /

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298 : AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana yogazAstra : hemacandrAcArya, prakAzaka-zrI vijayakamalakezara granthamAlA, cauthI AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1980 / yogazAstrasvopajJavRtti ( vivaraNa sahita ) : hemacandrAcArya, prakAzaka esiyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla-1, pArka sTrITa. san 1921 / yogasAraprAbhRta : AcArya amitagati, sampAdaka-zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra', prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha durgAkuNDa mArga, vArANasI-5, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1968 / yogadarzana : maharSi pataMjali, TIkAkAra-harikRSNadAsa goyandakA, prakA zaka-ghanazyAmadAsa jAlAna, gItA presa, gorakhapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saM0 2011 / ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-(saMskRta TIkA sahita): samantabhadra, TIkA0 AcArya prabhAcanda, prakAzaka-vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa, 1972 / / / vasunandizrAvakAcAra : AcArya vasunandi, prakAzaka-ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, durgAkuNDa roDa, vArANasI-4, prathama AvRtti, san 1952 / vyavahArasUtra : prakAzaka-a0 bhA0 zvetAmbara sthAnaka, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, prathama AvRtti , saM0 1969 / vyavahArabhASya-bhadrabAhusvAmI, prakA0 kezavalAla premacandra, ahamadAbAda / vAlmIkirAmAyaNa : maharSi vAlmIki, prakAzaka-Ara0 nArAyaNasvAmI Arya, madrAsa lA janarala presa, san 1933 / vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( svopajJavRttisahitam ) : jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa, prakAzaka-lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA-maMdira, ahamadAbAda-9, prathama saMskaraNa, 1966 / vizuddhimagga : anu0-bhikSudharmarakSita, prakAzaka-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAra - nAtha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1956 / / samavAyAMgasUtra : prakAzaka-abhA0 bhA0 zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, prathama AvRtti, san 1962 / sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra : umAsvAti, hindI bhASAnuvAda-paM0 khUba candajI siddhAntazAstrI, prakAzaka-zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, jauharI bAjAra, khArA kuA~, bambaI-2, san 1932 /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI : 299 samayasAra : kundakundAcArya, prakAzaka-zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala (zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstrabhAlA) agAsa, dvitIya AvRtti, san 1974 / sarvArthasiddhi ( tattvArthavRtti ) : pUjyapAda, prakAzaka-kalAppA bharamAppA niTeva, kolhApura, prathama AvRtti, zaka saM0 1825 / samAdhitantra : pUjyapAda, sampAdaka-zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, prakAzaka vIrasevA mandira, sarasAvA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1939 / sarvadarzana-saMgraha : madhvAcArya, prakAzaka-caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, cauka, vArANasI-1, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1964 / syAdvAdamaMjarI ( kArikA TIkA saha ) : malliSeNa sUri, sampAdaka-DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, prakAzaka-zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala 'zrImad rAjacanda jaina zAstramAlA', agAsa, dvitIya AvRtti, 1935 / saMyuktanikAya : bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, bhikSu dharmarakSita, prakAzaka mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa san1954 / sAmAyikapATha : amitagati, dillI, san 1965 / siripAsanAhacariyaM : devabhadrasUri, saMzodhaka-zrI vijaya kumuda sUri, prakA zaka-paM0 hIrAlAla, zrI maNivijaya granthamAlA, zrIzAradA mudraNAlaya, ahamadAbAda, san 1945 / sImaMdhara svAmI jI vinatIrUpa savAsau gAthAnu stavana : mahAmahopAdhyAya yazovijaya, prakAzaka-zrImahAvIra jainasabhA, khambhAta, jaina vidyA vijaya pri0 presa, ahamadAbAda, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1975 / subAlopaniSad ( upaniSada saMgraha 108) : sampAdaka-paM0 jagadIza zAstrI prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970 / suttanipAta : anu0-bhikSudharmaratna prakAzaka-bhikSusaMgharatna, mahAbodhi, sAranAtha, vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa, san 1951 / sUtrakRtAMga : sampAdaka evaM0 saMzodhaka-munizrI jambUvijaya, prakAzaka motIlAla banArasIdAsa, iNDolAjikala TrasTa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-7, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1978 /

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300 : AcArAGga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana sUkti triveNI : sampAdaka-upA0 amara munijI, prakAzaka-sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI, AgarA-2, prakAzana prathama, san 1968 / zatapathabrAhmaNa, vibhAga 1-2 : sampAdaka-zrI vaMzIdhara zAstrI prakA zaka-acyuta granthamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI prathama AvRtti, saM0 1997 / zukranIti ( vidyotinI hindI vyAkhyopayetA) : maharSi zukrAcArya, vyA khyA0-brahma zaMkara mizra, prakAzaka-caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI-1 vidyA-vilAsa presa, prathama saMskaraNa, 1968 / zvetAzvataropaniSad (aSTAdaza upaniSad ) : prakAzaka-vaidika saMzodhana mnnddl-puunaa| prathama saMskaraNa, zaka saM0, 1880 / zrImadbhagavadgItArahasya : lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka, prakAzaka jayanta zrIdhara tilaka, 568 nArAyaNa peTha pUnA-2 gyArahavA~ saMskaraNa, san 1959 / hitopadeza : saMgrAhaka-zrI nArAyaNa paNDita, prakAzaka-jaya kRSNadAsa haridAsa gupta caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa, san 1992 / Rgveda : prakAzaka-vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maNDala bhArata mudraNAlaya, aundhanagara, dvitIya AvRtti , san 1940 / jJAnasArASTaka : upAdhyAya yazovijayI, prakAzaka-zrI kezarabAI jJAna bhaNDAra, saMsthApaka saMghavI-nagInadAsa karamacandra, prathama AvRtti, vi0 saM0 1994 / jJAnArNava : AcAryazubhacandra, prakAzaka-jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solA pura prathamAvRtti, san 1977 / / jJAtAdharmakathA : sampAdaka-paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, prakAzaka-zrI trilokaratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI, ( ahamadanagara ) prathamAvRtti, san 1964 /

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