Bhagwan Mahavir tatha Mansahar Parihar

Author(s): Hiralal Duggad
Publisher: Atmanand Jain Sabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010084/1

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vIra sevA mandira dillI 411 krama saMkhyA kAla naM.- -- khaNDa

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zrI vallabha smAraka graMthamAlA-2 niggaMTha nAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA mAMsAhAra parihAra lekhaka paMDita horAlAla dUgar3a jaina Amukha prAgama-prabhAkara-muni zrI puNyavijayajI

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prakAzaka :-- zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA paMjAba mukhya kAryAlaya-ambAlA zahara (pajAba) (sarvAdhikAra prakAzaka dvArA surakSita) vIranirvANa savat 2490 prathamAvatti 1000 IsvI san 1964 mUlya--eka rupayA mudraka : zAntilAla jaina zrI jainendra presa, baMgalo roDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-6 /

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jinhoMne sAdhu ke kaThora vratoM kA pAlana karate hue bhI lokasevA ke bahuta kAma kiye aura ahiMsA ke mUla tattvoM ko mAnava jIvana meM pratiSThita karane ke liye satata prayAsa kiyA, una ajJAna-timira-taraNi kalikAla kalpataru zrI zrI 1008 sva0 jainAcArya zrI vijayavallabha sUrIzvara kI pavitra smRti meM

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prAkkathana kabhI-kabhI vidvAn mAne jAne vAle vyakti bhI kucha aise vicAra vyakta kara DAlate hai jo satya tathA aucitya kI dRSTi se sarvathA agrAhya hote hai| aise asatya tathA anupayukta vicAro kI utpatti aura abhivyakti kA kAraNa cAhe kadAgraha ho athavA sabaddha viSaya kI yathocita jAnakArI kA abhAva, paratu aise vicAra viSailA prabhAva DAlate haiM aura unakA nirAkaraNa Avazyaka bana jAtA hai| zrI dharmAnada kauzAmbIjI ne apanI pustaka 'bhagavAn buddha' me zramaNaziromaNi, ahisA ke ananya upAsaka tathA prasAraka, bhagavAn mahAvIra para roganivRtti ke lie mAsabhakSaNa kA Aropa lagAyA hai| sarvapramukha jainAgamo me gine jAne vAle zrI bhagavatI sUtra ke eka sUtra ko unhone AdhAra banAyA hai| bhagavAn ne apane eka muni ziSya zrI siMha ko kahA ki "tuma meDika nagara me seTha gRhapati kI bhAryA revatI ke ghara jAo aura unase 'majjAra kaDae kukuDamasae' (auSadha rUpa) le Ao jo unhone apane lie banA rakhA hai|" bhagavat vacana me prayukta ina zabdo kA 'bille dvArA mAre gae murge kA mAsa' aisA amagata aura asabhAvya artha karake kauzAbIjI ne anartha kiyA hai| hara bhASA me anekArtha zabda rahate hai| do zabdo se milakara bane hue zabdo kA artha bhI bahuna bAra una dono zabdo ke artho se sarvathA bhinna hotA hai| saskRta tathA prAkRta bhASA me to vizeSatayA anekArthatA pAI jAtI hai| isalie vivekazIla vidvAn kisI bhI gratha me prayukta zabdo kA artha yA unakI vyAkhyA karate hue isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhegA ki kisa vyakti ne, kisako, kisa samaya, kisa paristhiti me, kisa nimitta se, kisa prasaga para aura kisake sabadha me vaha zabda khe|

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kAnUna ( vidhi Statute Law) meM prayukta zabdoM kA artha tathA unakI vyAkhyA karane meM prasaga, prakaraNa aura uddezya Adi kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie yaha nirdeza sarvocca nyAyAlayoM ne bAra-bAra kiyA hai| jainAgama ke isa carcita sUtra kI vyAkhyA karane me uparyukta siddhAntoM kA tanika bhI dhyAna kauzAbIjI ne rakhA hotA to vaha aisA durghaTa athavA vikRta artha na karate / dekhie : bhagavAn mahAvIra- ra--svaya ahisA ke paramopAsaka, jinake jIvana kI anavarata sAdha hI sarvAMgINa ahiMsA va sarvabhUteSu dayA thI; zrI siMha muni-sapUrNa ahisAdi paca mahAvrata ke dhAraka nirgratha zramaNa jo kisI bhI prANI ko mana-vacana-kAyA se kaSTa denA bhI pApa samajhate haiM / kisI sacitta vastu kA prayoga bhI nahI karate; revatI seThAnI-zramaNopAsakA zrAvikA dharma ko sAvadhAnI se pAlane vAlI, prAzuka auSadhadAna se tIrthakara gotra upArjana karane vAlI ; tejolezyA se utpanna roga raktapitta, pittajvara, dAha tathA raktAtisAra jinake lie murge kA mAMsa mahA apathya aura sarvathA 'anupayukta; prayukta zabda -- vanaspati vizeSa ke nirvivAda sUcaka aura unase taiyAra kI huI auSadha ukta rogo ke lie rAmabANa / ityAdi aneka dRSTikoNo se vicAra karane para spaSTa hai ki kauzAMbI ne utsUtra, prarUpaNA kI hai / kaI vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se kauzAbIjI kI dhAraNA ko nirAdhAra siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / pa0 zrI hIrAlAlajI dUgar3a ne pUre sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM bhI isa viSaya para gaharAI se adhyayana tathA manana kiyA hai aura sahI artha ko hara dRSTi se spaSTa karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| kaI vidvAno ne inake isa udyama-janya vidvattApUrNa lekha ko sarAhA hai / isIlie zrI AtmAnaMda jaina mahAsabhA ne ise pustaka rUpa meM prakAzita karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura paDita hIrAlAlajI ke mahAn parizrama ko sammAnapUrvaka puraskRta kiyA / vaha puraskAra gata varSa akSaya tRtIyA ko zrI hastinApura

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kI puNyabhUmi meM mahAsabhA kI ora se paDitajI ko bheTa karane kA mujhe zraya prApta huA thA aura unake isa zlAghya prayAsa kI sarAhanA usa avasara para bhI maine kI thii| unake lekha ko pustaka rUpa meM vidvAnoM ke niSpakSa bhAva se avalokana ke lie bheTa karane aura isa carcita viSaya kI bahumukhI vyAkhyA aura vizadIkaraNa ke isa amUlya prayAma ko unake samakSa rakhane meM mahAmabhA harSa anubhava karatI hai| hame AzA hai ki isakA adhyayana karake sabhI vivekazIla vidvAno ko satuSTi prApta hogii| ema-128, kanATa sarkasa, naI dillI-1 dinAka 10-5-64 vinIta jJAnadAsa jaina, aiDavokeTa

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zrAmukha prastuta pustaka meM jaina zramaNa aura zrAvaka varga ke AcAra kA-vizeSa tathA ahisaka AcAra kA sudara varNana kiyA gayA hai, aura usa AcAra ke sAtha mAMsa, madirA Adi ke sevana kA koI mela nahIM hai, ve sarvathA varNya haiMaisA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa ahimaka AcAra ke pratiSThApaka bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA kA sakSepa me nirUpaNa bhI kara diyA hai, vaha isalie ki unhone svayaM ahimA kI pratiSThA apane jIvana meM kisa prakAra kI thI ? yaha jAnakara svaya mAdhu aura gRhastha bhI apane ahimaka AcAra meM agrasara ho aura ahisA ke pAlana me kaSTasahana kI preraNA bhI bhagavAn ke jIvana se le ske| eka pUga prakaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Agamo meM mAsa aura aDe khAne kA kisa prakAra niSedha kiyA hai aura khAnevAle kI kaisI durgati hotI hai--isake varNana meM hai / imame AgamoM se aneka pATho ke hiMdI anuvAda dekara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki svaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAsa Adi ke sevana kA kisa prakAra niSedha kiyA hai| aba mukhya prazna sAmane hai ki yadi vastusthiti yaha hai to AgamoM meM kucha apavAda ke rUpa meM mAMsAzana sambandhI pATha Ate hai| unakI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ukta ahisA ke upadeza se kisa prakAra sagati hai ? Aja se eka hajAra varSa se bhI pahale yahI prazna TIkAkAro ke samakSa thA aura Aja ke Adhunika yuga meM bhI kaI lekhako ne isa ora jaina vidvAno kA dhyAna dilAyA hai / yaha prazna baDI parezAnI taba karatA hai jabaki Aja hama yaha dekhate hai ki-jaina samAja me mAsAzana sarvathA tyAjya hai aura Dara yaha lagatA hai ki kahI anAsthAvAle loga una pAThoM ko Age karake mAMsAzana kA silasilA punaH jArI na kara deN| yaha samasyA jaise Aja hai vaise pUrvakAla meM bhI thii|

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8 aura ahiMsA ke parama upAsaka ke jIvana meM mAsAzana kA mela baiTha hI nahIM sakatA hai yaha hamArI dhAraNA jaise Aja hai vaise prAcInakAla me bhI thI / yaha bhI eka prazna bArabAra sAmane AtA hai ki jisa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne mAMsa khAyA yadi usI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI khAyA tathA jisa prakAra Aja buddha ke anuyAyI mAsAzana karate hai usa prakAra kabhI-kabhI jaina zramaNoM ne aura gRhasthoM ne bhI kiyA, to ahiMsA ke AcAra me bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyI kI itarajano se kyA vizeSatA rahI ? ye aura aise aneka prazna ahisA meM sampUrNa niSThA rakhane vAlo ke sAmane Ate hai / ataeva unakA kAlAnusArI samAghAna jarUrI hai / pUrvAcAryo ne to una-una pATho me una zabdo kA vanaspatiparaka artha bhI hotA hai aisA kahakara chuTTI le lI, kintu isase pUrA samAdhAna kisI ke mana me hotA nahI aura prazna banA hI rahatA hai / Adhunika kAla me jaba tyAga kI apekSA bhoga kI ora hI sahaja jhukAva hotA hai, taba aise pATha mAnava mana ko ahisA niSThA me vicalita kara deM aura vaha tyAga kI apekSA bhoga kA mArga le, yaha honA svAbhAvika hai / isa dRSTi se una pAThoM kA punavacAra honA jarUrI hai, aisA samajhakara lekhaka ne jo yaha prayatna kiyA hai vaha sarAhanIya aura vicAraNIya hai / ---- lekhaka ne vividha pramANa dekara bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai ki una sabhI pATho me mAsa kA koI sambandha hI nahI hai / aneka koSa aura zAstro se yaha siddha kiyA hai ki una zabdo kA vanaspatiparaka artha kisa prakAra hotA hai / ise par3hakara asthira cittavAlo kI ahiMsA niSThA dRDha hogI - isame saMdeha nahIM hai, aura AkSepa karanevAlo ke lie bhI nayI sAmagrI upasthita kI gaI hai, jo unake vicAra ko badala bhI sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se lekhaka ne mahat puNya kI kamAI kI hai aura etadartha hama sabhI ahisA niSThA rakhanevAlo ke ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai / - muni puNyavijaya

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apanI bAta vizva ke ahiMsA meM niSThA rakhanevAle jana-samAja meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se tathA jaina samAja meM vizeSa rUpa se khalabalI macA denevAlI "bhagavAna buddha" nAmaka pustaka bhArata sarakAra kI "sAhitya akAdamI" dvArA sana 1956 IsavI meM hindI bhASA meM prakAzita huii| yaha pustaka bauddha-darzana ke vidvAn adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI likhita marAThI bhASA me "buddha-caritra" kA anuvAda hai| yadyapi marAThI "buddha-caritra" pustaka kucha varSoM pahale chapa cukI thI parantu usakA pracAra mahArASTra me katipaya vyaktiyoM taka sImita hone se jaina samAja ko isa pustaka sambandhI viSaya kA patA na lgaa| jaba bhArata sarakAra ne isakA anuvAda hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, AsAmI, kannar3I, malayAlama, uDiyA, sighI, temila, telugu aura urdU ina gyAraha bhAratIya pramukha bhASAo me apanI sAhitya akAdamI dvArA prAya: eka sAtha prakAzita karavAkara sarvavyApI pracAra prAraMbha kiyA, taba jaina samAja ko jJAta huA ki isa pustaka me "karuNA ke pratyakSa avatAra, dIrgha tapasvI, mahAzramaNa niggaTha nAyaputta bhagavAn varddhamAna-mahAvIra svAmI tathA nigraMtha (jaina) zramaNo para lekhaka mahodaya ne mAsa bhakSaNa kA Aropa lagAyA hai, jo sarvathA anucita hai| ahisA meM niSThA rakhanevAle mAnava samAja ne tathA vizeSa rUpa se jaina samasta samAja ne sarvatra isa pustaka kA virodha kiyaa| ise janta karane ke liye sthAna-sthAna para sabhAeM huI, prastAva pAsa kiye gaye tathA bhArata sarakAra ko isa viSaya meM tAra va arjiyAM bhejI gyii| aneka ziSTa maMDala bhI yogya adhikAriyoM se mile| aneka sthAnoM me sanAtana dharmiyoM

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10 kI sabhAo ne bhI isa pustaka ke virodha me prastAva pAsa kara yogya adhikAriyoM ko bheje | isa Andolana kA pariNAma mAtra itanA hI huA ki "ukta pustaka dobArA na chapavAne kA tathA ina prakAzita saskaraNoM meM mAsa sambandhI prakaraNa ke sAtha jaina vidvAno ke mAnya artha ko sUcita karanevAlA noTa lagavA dene kA akAdamI ne svIkAra kiyA parantu kheda kA viSaya yaha hai ki isa pustaka. kA gyAraha bhASAo me sarvavyApaka pracAra barAbara Aja bhI cAlU hai / bhArata eka dharma-pradhAna deza hai, mAtra itanA hI nahIM, apitu satya aura ahisA kI janma bhUmi hai / isI dharma vasundharA para bhArata kI sarvocca vibhUti mahAn ahiMsaka, karuNA ke pratyakSa avatAra, dIrgha tapasvI, mahAzramaNa nirgratha tIrthakara ( niggaTha nAyaputta ) bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ( jainA ke caubIsave tIrthakara ) kA janma huA / isI pavitra bhArata bhUmi meM unhone jagat ko satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha tathA syAdvAda Adi samiddhAnto ko pradAna kiyA / samasta vizva isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki 'zramaNa bhagavAn varddhamAna mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyI nigraMtha jaina zramaNa manasAvAcA - karmaNA ahiMsA ke pratipAlaka the aura unake anuyAyI zramaNa eva zramaNopAsaka Aja taka isake pratipAlaka hai / " aisA hote hue bhI IsvI san 1884 me yAni Aja se 80 varSa pahale jarmana vidvAn DAkTara harmana jaikobI ne jainAgama "AcArAga sUtra" ke apane anuvAda meM sUtragata mAsa Adi zabdovAle ullekho kA jo artha kiyA thA usa para vidvAno ne paryApta UhApoha kiyA thA / aneka vidvAnoM ne DAkTara jaikobI ke mantavyo ke khaDana rUpa pustikAe bhI likhI thI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa DAkTara jaikobI ko apanA mata parivartana karanA paDA / unhone apane 14-21928 IsavI ke patra meM apanI bhUla svIkAra kI / usa patra kA ullekha " hisTrI Ava kainAnikala liTarecara Ava jainAja" pRSTha 117-118 meM hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyA ne isa prakAra kiyA hai -

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There he has said that "baha aTTieNa maMseNa bA maccheNa vA bahukaNTaeNa" has been used in the metaphorical sence as can be seen from the illustration of tot startica given by Patanjali in discussing a vartika of Panini ( III, 3, 9 ) and from Vachaspati's com. on Nyayasutra (IV, 1,54) he has concluded : "This meaning of the passage in therefore, that a monk should not accept in alms any substance of which only of which only a part can be eaten and a greater part must be rejected." DaoNkTara harmana jaikobI ke isa spaSTIkaraNa ke bAda Aslo ke vidvAn DAkTara sTena kono ne apane mata ko eka patra dvArA isa prakAra pradarzita kiyA hai jimakA hindI artha nIce diyA jAtA hai :___ "jainoM ke mAsa khAne kI baha-vivAdagrasta bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa karake prophesara jekobI ne vidvAnoM kA bar3A hita kiyA hai| prakaTa rUpa se yaha bAta majhe kabhI svIkArya nahI lagI ki jima dharma meM ahiMmA aura sAvatva kA inanA mahattvapUrNa aza ho, umame mAsa khAnA kisI kAla meM bhI dharmasagata mAnA jAtA rahA hogA / prophesara jaikobI kI choTI-mI TippaNI me sabhI vAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai / umakI carcA karane kA prayojana yaha hai ki maiM unake spaSTIkaraNa kI ora jitanA sabhava ho utane adhika vidvAno kA dhyAna AkRSTa karanA cAhatA huuN| para nizcaya hI abhI bhI aise loga hoMge jo (jaikobI ke) purAne siddhAnta para dRr3ha raheMge / mithyAdRSTi se mukta honA baDA kaThina hai para anta me sadA satya kI vijaya hotI hai|" (AcArya vijayendrasUri kRta tIrthakara mahAvIra bhAga 2 pR0 181) jaikobI ke bAda isa prazna ko zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne tathA adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko tathA nigraMtha (jaina)zramaNo ko mAsAhArI siddha karane kA duHsAhasa kiyA hai| zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela Aja jIvita hai para adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI isa saMsAra se vidA le cuke haiN| ina donoM ne jainAgamo ke gUDhArtha yukta una ullekho

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ko saMsAra ke samakSa ayathArya rUpa se prakaTa kara jo carcA upasthita kI hai usakA Aja taka anta nahIM aayaa| yadyapi adhyApaka kauzAmbI pAlI bhASA tathA bauddha sAhitya ke prakhara vidvAna mAne jAte the parantu arddha mAgadhI bhASA ke tathA jaina AcAra-vicAra ke pUrNajJAtA na hone ke kAraNa eva gopAladAsa bhAI paTela bhI ina viSayoM me anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa (donoM ne) jainAgamo ke kathita sUtrapAThoM kA galata artha lagAkara niggaTha nAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA unake anyAyI nigraMtha zramaNa saMgha para prANyaga matsya mAsAhAra kA nirmUla AkSepa lagAyA hai / vAstava me bAta yaha hai ki jo bhI koI ahisA dharma ke ananya sasthApaka, pracAraka, vizvavatsala, jagad-bandhu, dIrgha tapasvI, mahAzramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra para mAsAhAra kA doSAropaNa karatA hai, vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ko yathAyogya nahIM samajha sakA, unake vAstavika pavitra jIvana ko nahIM samajha pAyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki aise vyakti aisA aprazasta dussAhasa kara jJAta-ajJAta bhAva se mAsAhAra pracAra kA nimitta bana jAte haiN| aise nirmUla AkSepa kA prativAda karanA satya tathA ahimA ke premiyo ke liye anivArya ho jAtA hai / isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhate hue kaI vidvAnoM ne isa prativAda rUpa kucha lekha tathA pustikAye likhakara prakAzita kii| phira bhI, jijJAsuo ke liye isa viSaya me vizeSa rUpa se khojapUrNa lekha kI AvazyakatA pratIta ho rahI thii| ataH bhArata ke aneka sthAno se mitro tathA vidyArthI bandhuo ne apane patroM dvArA tathA sAkSAt rUpa me milakara mujhe isa "bhagavAn buddha" ke mAMsAhAra prakaraNa ke prativAda rUpa zodha-khojapUrNa, yukti purassara, jainazAstra-sammata tathA jaina AcAra-vicAra ke anukUla nibadha likhane kI AgrahabharI puna -punaH preraNAye kI / ina nirantara kI preraNAo ne mere mana me suSupta icchAoM ko bala pradAna kiyaa| vizeSa rUpa se zrI ramezacandrajI dUgar3a jaina (pazcima pAkistAna se Aye hue) kAnapura nivAsI ne isa viSaya para kucha noTa likha bheje aura bhAvanA prakaTa kI ki isa viSaya para eka sundara nivandha taiyAra kiyA jAve

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13 isase mujhe vizeSa rUpa se sakriya preraNA tathA utsAha milA aura dRr3ha saMkalpa banane meM sahAyatA milii| maine unameM se kucha upayogI noTsa isa nibandha meM svIkAra kiye haiM / ataH maiM una saba preraNAdAtAo kA AbhArI hU~ / maine isa nibandha ko IsavI san 1957 meM ambAlA zahara paMjAba meM likhanA prAraMbha kiyA aura pUre do varSa ke satata parizrama ke bAda IsavI san 1959 ko likhakara taiyAra ho gyaa| mai san IsavI 1962 ko dillI A gayA / isa nibandha ko taiyAra karane meM kaI ar3acane, pratibandha aura asuvighAo tathA sAdhana-sAmagrI ke abhAva ke bIca meM se gujaranA par3A / yena-kena prakAreNa sAdhana sAmagrI juTAkara aura saba aDacanoM kA sAmanA karate hue yaha nibandha IsavI san 1959 meM taiyAra hokara pUre pAMca varSa bAda Aja san IsvI 1964 me zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA pajAba dvArA prakAzita hokara Apake kara kamaloM taka pahuca pAyA hai| AzA to thI yaha jaldI prakAzita hotA lekina " zreyAsa bahu vighnAni" lokokti yahA bhI prabala banI / aba merI yaha hArdika bhAvanA hai ki isa nibandha kA aneka bhASAoM me anuvAda hokara vizvabhara meM sarvatra pracAra ho, jisase jaina dharma, jaina tIrthakaro, jaina Agamo, jaina muniyoM tathA jaina gRhasthoM para lagAye gaye nitAnta mithyA AkSepoM kA nirasana hokara isakA satya aura vAstavika svarUpa se vizva kA mAnava samAja paricita ho / ahisA premI mahAnubhAvo ko isake sarvatra pracAra ke lie isa nibandha kI prakAzaka sasthA ko protsAhana dete rahanA cAhiye / isa nibandha meM yaha sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki nimgaTha nAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne utsarga tathA apavAda kisI bhI sUrata me prANyaMga mAsAhAra grahaNa nahI kiyA aura na hI Apa apane siddhAnta ( AcAra-vicAra ) ke anusAra aisA abhakSya padArtha grahaNa kara sakate the / utsarga mArga vaha siddhAnta hai jo pradhAna mArga hai / mahApuruSa ke jIvana meM hamezA pradhAna mArga kA hI AcaraNa rahatA hai / unake liye dehAdhyAsa koI khAsa vastu nahI hai /

Page #17
ataH ve apane jIvana meM kisI bhI hAlata me apane liye apavAda mArga kA Azraya nahIM lete| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki ve apane jIvana me hisA Adi jisameM ho aisA koI kArya nahIM krte| ata: prANyaga mAsAdi ko grahaNa karanA unake liye asabhava hI hai isaliye jaino ke pAMcaveM Agama "bhagavatI sUtra" ke vivAdAspada sUtrapATha ke zabdo kA prANyaga mAMsaparaka artha karanA nitAta anucita aura galata hai tathA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jo roga thA jisake liye unhone jima auSadha kA sevana kiyA thA yadi vaha prANyaga mAsa hotA to vaha prANaghAtaka siddha hotaa| isalie unhone vanaspatiyo se taiyAra huI auSadhi kA sevana kara Arogya lAbha kiyaa| vaha auSadha :____ "lavaMga se saskArita bijorA ( jambIra ) phala kA pAka" oSadha rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA thA / kyoMki isa auSadha meM rakta-pitta Adi rogoM ko zamana karane ke pUrNa guNa vidyamAna hai| zvetAbara jaino TAga mAnya isa sUtrapATha kA artha vanaspatiparaka auSadha mpa meM muna digambara jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai aura isa auSadha-dAna kI bhUri-bhUri prazamA kI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, apitu yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn ko isa auSadha dAna dene ke prabhAva se revatI zrAvikA ne tIrthakara nAma-karma kA upArjana kiyA, isalie auSadha dAna bhI denA caahiye| isase spapTa hai ki sUjJa digambara jaina vidvAno ko bhI isa auSadha ke vanampatiparaka artha me koI matabheda nahI hai| degpe isI nibandha kA pRSTha 78 / ___adhika kyA kaha g2alata tathA bhrAntipUrNa aimA anucita pracAra kara ati prAcInakAla se cale Aye jaina dharma ke pavitra aura satya siddhAnto ko tor3a-moDakara rakhane se aise pavitra satsiddhAnto se ajJAna tathA dveSiyo ko mithyA pracAra karane kA maukA milatA hai| ata. koI vidvAn yadi kisI g2alataphahamI kA zikAra ho bhI gayA hai to use isa bAta ko satya rUpa me jAnakara apanI bhUla ke liye prativAda tathA pazcAttApa karanA hI usakI saccI vidvattA kI kasauTI hai|

Page #18
15. tathA " adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI evaM zrIgopAladAsa bhAI paTela ne isa bhagavatI sUtra ke pATha ke atirikta jainAgamo dazavaikAlika tathA AcArAga ke jina sUtrapAThI kA bhI aisA hI anucita artha kiyA hai unake spaSTIkaraNa ke liye bhI isa prastAvanA meM jarmana vidvAn DAkTara harmana jaikobI ne apanI isa bhUla ko jo sarala hRdaya se svIkAra kara usake pratikAra rUpa meM apanA spaSTa mata pradarzita karanevAlA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai, vaha noTa uddhRta kara diyA hai tathA isake sAtha hI hamane isa nibaMdha ke pRSTha 154 se 157 kI TippaNI meM una sUtrapATho meM diye gaye vivAdAspada zabdo ke vanaspatiparaka artha bhI de diye hai jinase pAThakoM ko yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAya ki inakA artha vanaspatiparaka karanA hI ucita hai / kyoki hamAre isa nibandha kA mukhya viSaya "bhagavatI sUtra" ke vivAdAspada sUtrapATha ke artha kA spaSTIkaraNa hai isaliye dUsare Agamo ke vivAdAspada sUtrapAThI ke zabdo kA vanaspatiparaka artha- mAtra denA hI isaliye paryApta samajhA hai ki samajhadAra ke liye izArA mAtra hI kAphI hai / AzA hai ki isase pAThaka mahAnubhAvo ko yaha sthiti saralatApUrvaka avazya samajha meM A sakegI jijJeSu ki bahunA / isa nibandha para koI lambI-caur3I prastAvanA likhakara hama ApakA aura apanA samaya kharca karanA ucita nahI samajhate / pAThaka mahAnubhAvo se mAtra itanA hI anurodha hai ki Apa isa nibandha ko sthita prajJatA ke sAtha par3he aura nirNaya kare ki isa kArya me hameM kahA taka saphalatA prApta huI hai / evaM isame yadi koI truTi dRSTigocara ho to hame sUcita karane kI kRpA kare tAki agale saMskaraNa me ise parimArjita kara diyA jAya / jainoM tathA jaina dharma ke liye "adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kRta "bhagavAn buddha" nAmaka pustaka eka lAMchana rUpa hai / jaba taka nirgratha jaina zramaNoM tathA mahAzramaNa niggaTha nAyaputta bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra svAmI para lagAye gaye prANyaga mAsAhAra ke doSavAle pRSTha isa pustaka meM se nikAle nahI jAte, taba taka jaina samAja tathA ahisA me niSThA rakhanevAle jana

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samAja meM saMtoSa nahIM ho sakatA / tathA bhAI gopAladAsa jAvAbhAI athavA jo koI anya mahAnubhAva bhI isakA anukaraNa kara rahe hoM unako bhI vAstavika artha samajhakara apanI bhUla ko svIkAra kara apanI saralatA aura satyapriyatA kA paricaya dete hue vAstavika vidvattA kA paricaya denA caahiye| bhArata sarakAra se bhI hamArI prArthanA hai ki jisa prakAra Religious Leaders (dhArmika netA) nAmaka pustaka prakAzita hone para alpasaMkhyako kI bhAvanAo kA Adara karate hue use jabta kara tathA "saritA" mAsika patrikA ke julAI ke aka ko jabta karake satya parAyaNatA kA paricaya diyA hai vaise hI adhyApaka dharmAnanda kozAmbI kRta "bhagavAn buddha" nAmaka pustaka ke liye bhI kadama uThAye jisase ahisA-premI jagata ke sAmane zuddha nyAya kA paricaya mile| isa nibandha ko likhane meM jina gratho kI sahAyatA lI gayI hai unakI sUcI Age dI hai| una saba grathakartAo kA sAbhAra dhanyavAda / ___ isa nibandha sambandhI saba prakAra kI mammatiyAM eva sUcanAye nIce likhe pate se bhejakara anugrahIta kre| 2/82 rUpanagara, dillI-6 hIrAlAla dUgar3a vyavasthApaka, jaina prAcyagratha bhaDAra

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kRtajJatA-prakAza apane paramopakArI gurudeva jainAcArya sva. zrImad vijayavallabha sUrIzvarajI ke devaloka gamana ke uparAnta zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA pajAba athavA samasta pajAba jaina zrI saMgha ne eka svara se saGkalpa kiyA thA ki gurudeva ke mizana kI pUrti ke lie zrIvallabha smAraka kI sthApanA kI jaae| smAraka me aneka pravRttiyo kA Ayojana hai-guruvara zrImad vijayAnanda sUrIzvara va zrImad vijayavallabha sUrIzvara kI kalAtmaka pratimAe~, hastalikhita zAstroM kA saMgraha va rakSaNa, pustakAlaya, grantha prakAzana, zodha kArya, kalAkakSa, atithigRha aadi|| smAraka kI sthApanA dehalI meM hogii| isa samaya bhaNDAroM ke graMthoM kA sUtrIkaraNa ho rahA hai| pa0 hIrAlAlajI dUgar3a yaha upayogI kAma kara rahe hai / sAhitya prakAzana kI ora bhI paga uThAyA gayA hai| 'Adarza jIvana' kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| sastA sAhitya maMDala ke sahayoga se 'mAnava aura dharma' (lekhaka DA0 indracandra zAstrI ema.e., pI eca. DI.) bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai| prastuta pustaka eka mahattvapUrNa vivAdAspada viSaya para likhI gaI hai| vidvAn lekhaka vyAkhyAna divAkara, vidyAbhUSaNa pa0 hIrAlAla dUgaDa nyAyatIrtha nyAyamanISI, snAtaka ne kaThora parizrama se ise tayyAra kiyA hai| hame AzA hai ki vidvAn isakA samucita adhyayana kara pracalita bhrAnti dUra kara hame apanI sammati bhejege| hama lekhaka mahodaya, Amukha lekhaka munirAja zrI puNyavijayajI tathA zrI jJAnadAsajI eDavokeTa kA hArdika AbhAra mAnate hai, jinake prayatnoM va preraNAoM se yaha pustaka sAhitya-jagat ke samakSa upasthita ho rahI hai / Arthika sahAyakoM ke bhI hama kRtajJa hai| jeTha zudi aSTamI zrI AtmAnanda jaina vi0 2021 mahAsabhA, paMjAba

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viSayAnukramaNikA prathama khaNDa jaina AcAra-vicAra tathA nirgrantha jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra viSaya stambha 21 " 11 "7 ko 31 11 " 73 na0 -- jaina ahisA kA prabhAva 2- -jaina gRhastho kA AcAra 3-nirgratha zramaNa kA AcAra 4 - bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA tyAgamaya jIvana 5 -- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tattva jJAna 31 6 -- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA ahisA -bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAsAhAra sambandhI vicAra - jaina mAsAhAra se sarvathA alipta - --2 7 -- tathAgata gautama buddha dvArA nirgrathacaryA me mAmabhakSaNa niSedha 10 -- bauddha-jaina savAda me mAmAhAra niSedha stambha na0 pRSTha 3 13 22 27 32 35 40 48 dvitIya khaMDa niggaTha nAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra para mAsAhAra ke AkSepa kA nirAkaraNa viSaya 57 62 pRSTha 11 - mahA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI para mAsAhAra ke Aropa kA nirAkaraNa 69

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stambha na0 11 34 17 37 17 63 37 33 1 ") " " ) 21 "1 17 "7 27 73 34 " " " = "} " " " " bhAga 33 ?? "" "" " " "} 17 37 17 "1 19 viSaya 1 -- vivAdAspada sUtra - pATha aura usake artha ke liye jaina vidvAno ke mata 71 -- isa auSadhadAna para digambara jaino kA mata 78 - jaina tIrthakara kA AcAra 3- 79 1- nigraMtha zramaNa tathA nirgratha zramaNopAsaka kA AcAra 6 -- isa auSadha ko sevana karanevAle, auSagha lAnevAle, auSadha banAne tathA denevAle kA jIvana-paricaya 7 - - mAsAhArI pradezo me rahanevAle jaina dharmAvalaviyo kA jIvana - saskAra tathA usake prabhAvavAle pradezo me anya dharmAvalabiyo para unakA prabhAva 8 -- anya tIthiko dvArA jaina-dharma sambandhI AlocanA meM mAsAhAra ke AkSepa kA abhAva -- tathAgata gotama buddha kI nirgrathAvasthA kI tapazcaryA me mAsAhAra ko grahaNa na karane kA varNana 10 -- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA roga tathA usake liye upayukta auSadha 22 pRSTha 85 86 97 99 102 104 11 -- vivAdAspada prakaraNavAle pATha meM Ane vAle zabdoM ke vAstavika artha 107 vibhAga 1 - - mAsa zabda kI utpatti kA itihAsa 2 -- mAsa ke nAmo me vRddhi 107 108

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20 stambha naM0 " 11 " " , " bhAga vibhAga viSaya pRSTha , , , 3-vanaspatyaga mAsAdi 109 , , , 4-mAMsAdi zabdo ke aMgrez2I kozakAro ke artha 112 , , , 5-vartamAna me mAne jAnevAle prANI-vAcya zabdo ke tathA mAsa matsyAdi zabdoM ke aneka artha 112 , , , 6-~-zabda, jo prANadhArI aura vanaspati dono ke vAcaka hai 115 , , , 7-vartamAnakAla meM kucha pracalita zabda 116 " , 8-~-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra 117 , 9-vivAdAspada sUtrapATha (vicAraNIya mUlapATha) 122 , 10-kavoya kyA thA 123 , , 11-majjAra kaDae kukkuDa masae kyA thA 127 , , , 12-~-vivAdAspada sUtrapATha kA vAstavika artha 145 tRtIya khaMDa upasahAra " " ,

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1. atharvaveda saMhitA 2. arthazAstra (kauTilya) 3. anekArtha tilaka ( mahIpakRta) 4. anekArtha saMgraha amara koza 6. aSTAgasAra saMgraha 7. AryabhiSaka vaidyaka ( zakara dAjIpade kRta ) 8. upaniSad vAkya koza 9. Rgveda saMhitA 10. kSema kutUhala 11. gRhyasUtra 12. sAdhana granthoM kI nAmAvalI 13. 14. 15 16. 17. caraka saMhitA jaina sAhitya abhidhAna citAmaNi koza ( hemacandra ) Agama-AcArAMga Agama-sUtrakRtAMga Agama sthAnAMga Agama sthAnAga sUtra TIkA 18. Agama bhagavatI sUtra 19. Agama bhagavatI sUtra TIkA 20. Agama jJAtAdharma kathAMga sUtra 21. Agama upAsaka dazAMga sUtra

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22. Agama antakRtadazAga sUtra 23. Agama prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra 24. Agama vipAka sUtra 25. Agama prajJApanA sUtra 26. 27. 28. Agama uttarAdhyayana sUtra 29. Agama anuyogadvAra sUtra 30. jaina carita mAlA ( digambara ) 31 jaina satya prakAza (mAsika) 32. tattvArtha sUtra 33 36. 37 38 34 35 dharma-bindu ( haribhadra ) 39 40 Agama kalpa sUtra Agama dazavekAlika sUtra 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 22 tirukurala prastAvanA ( digambara) triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra (hemacandra ) dharma - ratna kaDaka ( varddhamAna sUri ) fre graha (Peerdra ) r mahAvIra caritra prAkRta ( nemicandra sUri ) mahAvIra caritra prAkRta ( guNacandra sUri ) yogazAstra (hemacandra ) zrAddha guNa vivaraNa paDa0 prAkR0 ( hemacandra ) Rata prakaraNa sabodha saptatikA jaina patra-patrikAe nighaNTu koza nAnArtha ratnamAlA nighaNTu ( kayadeva )

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50 52 48 nighuNTu-bhAvaprakAza 49 nighaNTu-madanapAla nighaNTu-ratnAkara 51 nighaNTu-gaja nighaNTa-gajavallabha nighaNTu vaidyaka urdU bhASA me (kRSNa dayAla) 54 nighaNTu gAligrAma nighaNTu zepa 56 nirukta bhApya (AcArya yAska) 57 pAka darpaNa bauddha sAhitya 58 agunara nikAya aTTha kathA pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma (dharmAnanda kauzAbI) 61 vahI 62 voha-dazana (gahula sAkRtyAyana) 63 bhagavAn baddha (dharmAnanda kauzAmbI) ___ majjhima nikAya 65 lalita vintara anya graMtha 66 dharmamidhu 67 vRhatmaskRtAbhidhAna (vAcaspati) 68 bRhadAraNyakopaniSada 69 vaijayantI 70 vaidyaka zabda sindhu 71 sAragadhara

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72. hindI vizvakoza 73. aitareya brAhmaNa 74. patra-patrikAeM 78. 79. 80. 75. 76. English Dictionary (J. Ogilvie ) 77. 7. 8. ENGLISH BOOKS Sanskrit English Dictionary (Apte) 2. misarasalI 3. 9. 10. 24 Sanskrit English Dictionary (Monier Monier Williams ) A. S. B 1868 N/85 Mr. Gate report Hinduism (Prof. D. C. Sharma ) uddharaNa DA0 gadhA vinoda pAla 4. 5. mi. begalara 6. karnala DailaTana mahAtmA mohanadAsa karmacanda gAMdhI mi. eva kUpa leDa lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka allADI kRSNA svAmI ayyara DA. harmana jekobI DA. sTena kono

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prathama khaNDa jaina AcAra-vicAra tathA nirgrantha jJAtaputra zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra

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[1] jaina ahiMsA kA prabhAva jaina ahiMsA ke bAre meM kauna nahIM jAnatA ? jaina dharma ke pratyeka AcAra-vicAra kI kasauTI ahiMsA hI hai| jaina dharma kI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa vizva kA anya koI bhI dharma isa kI samAnatA nahIM kara sktaa| Aja bhI jainoM ke ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa kA pAlana tathA madirA-mAMsAdi kA tyAga sAre saMsAra meM prasiddha haiN| isI liye yaha dharma "dayA-dharma" ke nAma se Aja bhI jagadvikhyAta hai| isakI alaukika ahiMsA ko dekhakara Aja ke vicakSaNa vidvAna maMtra-mugdha ho jAte haiM / DA. rAdhA vinoda pAla Ex-judge, International Tribunal for trying the Japanese War Criminals, ne apane abhiprAya me kahA hai ki: If any body has any right to receive and welcome the delegates to any Pacifists' Conference, it is the Jain Community. The principle of Ahimsa, which alone can secure World Peace, has indeed been the special contribution to the cause of human development by the Jain Tirthankaras, and who else would have the right to talk of World Peace than the followers of the great Sages Lord Parshvanath and Lord Mahavira ? ---( Dr. Radha Vinod Paul ) arthAt-vizvazAnti saMsthApaka sabhA ke pratinidhiyoM kA hArdika svAgata karane kA adhikAra kevala janoM ko hI hai, kyoMki ahiMsA hI vizvazAnti kA sAmrAjya paidA kara sakatI hai aura aisI anokhI ahiMsA ko bheTa jagat ko jaina dharma ke prasthApaka tIrthaMkaroM ne hI kI hai| isa liye

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( 4 ) vizvazAMti kI AvAja prabhu zrI pArzvanAtha aura prabhu zrI mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke atirikta dUsarA kauna kara sakatA hai ? rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI likhate haiM ki "mahAvIra svAmI kA nAma kisI bhI siddhAnta ke liye yadi pUjA jAtA hai to vaha ahiMsA hI hai| pratyeka dharma kI mahattA isI bAta meM hai ki usa dharma meM ahiMsA kA tattva kitane pramANa meM hai / aura isa tatva ko yadi kisI ne adhika-se-adhika vikasita kiyA hai to vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra hI the|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ho athavA koI bhI jaina tIrthaMkara ho, na to ve svaya hI madirA -mAMsAdi kA prayoga karate haiM aura na hI unake anuyAyI yahA~ taka ki jaina dharma para vizvAsa rakhane vAle gRhastha bhI, jo kisI taraha kA vrata niyama yA pratijJA ko grahaNa nahIM karate arthAt zrAvaka ke vratoM ko bhI grahaNa nahI karate, mAMsa-madirAdi abhakSya padArthoM se hamezA dUra rahate A rahe haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke mAMsAhAra niroSa kA savizeSa paricAyaka sabUta ( pramANa ) isase adhika kyA ho sakatA hai nigraMtha zramaNa- jaina sAdhu to chaH kAyA ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacate haiM / ve sakAya ke jIvoM kA AraMbha (hiMsA) nahIM karate, sacitta phala, phUla, sabjI Adi kA bhakSaNa nahI krte| agnikAya kA Arambha nahI krte| sacitta, jala kA upayoga nahI karate / baiThanA yA khar3e honA ho to rajoharaNa ( UnAdi narama vastu kA eka gucchA, jisase sthAna sApha karane para jIvAdi kI hiMsA kA bacAva hotA hai) se sthAnAdi kA pramArjana ( sAfa-sUfa ) karake baiThate, uThate, calate, sote haiM, tAki kisI sUkSma jIva kI bhI hiMsA na ho jAye / pRthvI ko na svayaM khodate haiM na dUsaroM se khudavAte haiN| vAyukAya ( bAbu ke jIvoM) kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie na khA calAte haiM, na 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyI nirbaMtha zramaNa evaM zramaNopAsakoM ke AcAra sambandhI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa agale stambhoM meM kreNge|

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dUsaroM se calavAte hai / rASi-bhojana bhI nahIM karate, kyoMki isase prAyaH sa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai tathA bhojana ke sAtha pasa jovoM ke peTa meM cale jAne se mAMsamakSaNa kA doSa bhI saMbhava hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki samasta jaina tIrthaMkaroM-bhagavAna mahAvIra mAvi-ne apane anuyAyI jaina muniyoM ke liye sthUla se lekara sUkSma hiMsA se bacane ke liye tathA ahiMsApAlana ke prati kitanA jAgarUka rahane kA Adeza diyA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa Aja taka jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI saMgha sthala se lekara sUkSmase sUkSma ahiMsA kA pAlana karane meM sadA jAgarUka calA A rahA hai| yaha bAta Aja bhI saMsAra pratyakSa dekha rahA hai| prANI mAtra ke rakSaka sarvajJa bhagavAna mahAvIra jIva kA svarUpa mAnate the| unhoMne batalAyA ki mAnava jaba taka itanI sUkSma ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM karatA taba taka baha nirvANa (mokSa) prApti meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| zAzvata sukha prApta karane kA ahiMsA ke pUrNa pAlana ko chor3akara anya sAdhana ho hI nahIM sktaa| isI vajaha se vItarAga-sarvaza bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa AgamoM kA pradhAna viSaya ahiMsA hI hai| jo dharmaniryAmaka tIrthakara yahAM taka sUkSma rUpa se jIvoM kI hiMsA se svayaM bacate haiM aura dUsaroM ke liye bacane kA vidhAna karate haiM una para mAMsabhakSaNa kA Aropa lagAnA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? isake liye suja pAThaka svayaM vicAra kara sakate haiN| ___ ahiMsA ke viSaya meM karuNAsAgara vItarAga sarva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha svayaM faramAyA hai : "sace pANA piyAumA, suhasAyA duhaparikUlA, mappiyavahA piyajIviNo jIviukAmA pAtivAemja kaMvarNa" (AcArAMga 01/02 303) ___ arthAt-saba prANiyoM ko AyuSya priya hai, saba sukha ke abhilASI haiM, vuHkha saba ko pratikUla hai, vadha sabako apriya hai, jIvana sabhI ko yitra hai, sabhI jIne kI icchA rakhate haiM, sa liye kisI ko mAranA yA kaSTa denA nahIM caahiye|

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ahiMsA dharma kI itanI mahimA saMsAra ke anya kisI dharma meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| kitanA sundara vicAra hai___ "sthala se lekara sUkSma saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajho aura kisI ko kaSTa mata pahu~cAo, apane meM sabako dekho|" __isase yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAzramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhAvanA prANImAtra kI rakSA ke liye kitanI utkaTa thii| yaha zAzvata siddhAMta jainoM meM aba taka aTUTa banA rahA hai / jaina-muni-manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga mAdi trasa jIvo tathA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA mana-vacana-kAyA se na to svayaM karate hai, na dUsaroM se karavAte haiM aura na karanevAle kA anumodana (prazaMsA)hI karate haiN| jaba koI gRhastha jaina muni kI dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai taba use sarva prathama "prANAtipAtaviramaNa' nAmaka mahAvata ko aMgIkAra karanA par3atA hai, jisa kA pAlana vaha apane jIvana paryaMta pUrI dRr3hatA ke sAtha karatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki nigraMtha zramaNa choTe-se-choTe jantu se lekara manuSya paryanta kisI bhI prANI kI himA na to svayaM karatA hai aura na dUsaroM ko aisA karane kA upadeza detA hai tathA na hI aisA karane vAle ko acchA samajhatA hai| sAdhu kI ahiMsA kA svarUpa Age calakara hama sAdhu ke AcAra meM likheNge| __ karuNAvatsala, mahAzramaNa sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne isa uparyukta prakAra kI ahiMsA kA vizvake janasamAja ko mAtra upadeza hI nahIM diyA thA kintu akSarazaH unhone use apane jIvana meM bhI utArA thaa| niggaNTha nAyaputta' (bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI) ne gRhasthAvasthA ko tyAgakara muni avasthA dhAraNa karane ke bAda to isa siddhAnta ko pUrNarUpeNa apane jIvana meM AtmasAt kiyA hI thA, kintu jaba Apa gahasthAvasthA meM 1. bauddha graMthoM meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA "niggaNTha nAthaputta" ke nAma se ullekha huA hai kintu jainAgamoM meM "niggaNTha nAyaputta" nAma bhAtA hai| hama ne isa nibandha meM jaina AgamoM ke anusAra sarvatra "nimrantha jAtaputta" likhA hai|

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the tabhI se Apane sacitta padArthoM kA sevana karanA chor3a diyA thaa| yaha bAta janAgamoM ke abhyAsI se chipI nahIM hai| jaina dharmaniSTha gRhastha, jinheM zrAvaka athavA zramaNopAsaka kahate haiM, ve bhI mAMsa khAne se sa thA paraheja karate haiM / mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu rAtribhojana kA sevana bhI sI liye nahIM karate ki isa bhojana ke sAtha sa jIvoM kA peTa meM cale jAnA saMbhava hai| isa liye mAMsAhAra kA doSa bhI laga sakatA hai| jaba koI bhI vyakti jaina dharma svIkAra karatA hai taba use zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM se sarvaprathama "sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata" grahaNa karanA par3atA hai. jisakA prayojana yahI hai ki trasa (halana-calana kI kSamatA vAle) jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga aura sthAvara (sthira) jIvoM kI hiMsA kI ytnaa| mAMsa trasa jIvoM ko mArane se banatA hai, jaba zrAvaka ke liye trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga hai taba vaha mAMsa ko kaise grahaNa kara sakatA hai ? Aja bhI jaina gRhastha, jinheM ki jaina dharma para zraddhA hai, ve kadApi mAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM krte| isa kAraNa se Aja bhI yaha bAta jagatprasiddha hai ki yadi koI vyakti mAMsabhakSaNa tathA rAtribhojana na karatA ho to loga use turanta kaha dete haiM-"yaha vyakti jainadharmAnuyAyI hai|" ____ yaha to huI bhagavAn mahAvIra, nirgaya muni tathA jaina gRhasthoM kI baat| parantu Apa yaha jAna kara Azcaryacakita hoMge ki jo jAtiyAM kisI samaya meM jaina dharma kA pAlana karatI thIM kintu aneka zatAbdiyoM se jaina zramaNoM kA unake pradezoM meM AvAgamana na hone se ve anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke pracArakoM ke prabhAva se jaina dharma ko bhUla kara anya dharma-sampradAyoM kI anuyAyI bana cukI haiM aura unheM isa bAta kA jJAna hai ki unake pUrvaja jaina dharmAnuyAyI the ve Aja taka bhI mAMsa bhakSaNa tathA rAtribhojana aura abhakSya vastuoM kA bhakSaNa nahIM krtiiN| jinameM se yahAM eka aisI jAti kA paricaya de dene se hamArI isa dhAraNA ko puSTi milegii| baMgAla deza meM, jahAM Aja bhI mAMsa-matsyAdibhakSaNa kA khUba pracAra hai vahA~ sarvatra lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM eka aisI mAnava jAti pAyI jAtI hai

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ko "sarAka" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sarAka zabda "sarAvaka-zrAvaka" kA apabhraMza hokara banA hai / ye loga kRSi, kapar3A bunane tathA dukAnadArI bAdi kA vyavasAya karate haiN| ye loga una prAcIna jaina zrAvakoM ke baMzaja haiM jo baina jAti ke avazeSa rUpa hai| yaha jAti Aja prAyaH hindU dharma kI anuyAyI ho gaI hai| kahIM-kahIM abhI taka ye loga apane Apako jaina samajhate haiN| isa jAti ke viSaya meM aneka pAzcAtya tathA paurvAtya vidvAnoM ne ullekha kiyA hai| jisakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| 1. mi0 gaTa apanI seMsarsa riporTa meM likhate haiM ki:__isa baMgAla deza meM eka khAsa taraha ke loga rahate haiN| jinako 'sarAka' kahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA bahuta hai| "ye loga mUla se jaina the", tathA inhIM kI daMtakathAoM evaM inake par3osI bhUmijoM ko daMtakathAoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki ye eka aisI jAti kI santAna haiM jo bhUmijoM ke Ane ke samaya se bhI pahale bahuta prAcIna kAla se yahAM basI huI hai| inake bar3oM ne pAra, charrA, borA aura bhUmijoM Adi jAtiyoM ke pahale aneka sthAnoM para maMdira banavAye the| yaha aba bhI sadA se hI eka zAntimayI jAti hai jo bhUmijoM ke sAtha bahata mela-jola se rahatI hai| karnala DalaTana ke matAnasAra meM jaina haiM aura IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ( Sixth Century B. C. ) se ye loga yahAM AbAda haiN| ___ yaha zabda "sarAka" niHsandeha "zrAvaka" se hI nikalA hai, jisa kA artha saMskRta meM 'sunane vAlA' hotA hai / janoM meM yaha zabda gRhasthoM ke liye jAtA hai jo laukika vyavasAya karate haiM aura jo yati yA sAdhu se bhinna haiN| (mi0 geTa seMsarsa riporTa) / 1. jainAgamoM meM zrAvaka zabda gRhastha pratadhArI janoM ke liye AyA hai, parantu bauddhoM ne zrAvaka zabda bauddha bhikSuboM ke liye prayoga kiyA hai| 'sarAka' jo ki zrAvaka zabda kA apagraMza hai vaha gRhasthoM ko jAti ke liye prasiddha hai| isaliye yaha jAti jaina gRhastha-zramaNopAsakoM kA avazeSa pa hai isameM sandeha nahIM hai /

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2.mi. rasatI kahate hai ki yadyapi mAnabhUma ke 'sarAka' aba hindU haiM parantu ve apane ko prAcIna kAla meM jaina hone kI bAta ko jAnate haiN| ye pakke zAkAhArI haiM, mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu 'kATane' ke zabda ko bhI ve vyavahAra meM nahIM laate| 3. mi0 ekUNa laiMDa kA mata hai ki 'marAka' loga hiMsA se ghRNA karate haiN| dinako khAnA acchA samajhate haiN| sUryodaya binA bhojana nahIM krte| gUlara Adi kIr3e vAle phaloM ko bhI nahIM khAte / zrI pArzvanAtha (janoM ke teIsaveM tIrthakara) ko pUjate haiM aura unheM apanA kuladevatA mAnate haiM / inake gRhasthAcArya bhI sarAkoM kI taraha kadApi rAtribhojanAdi nahIM krte| inameM eka kahAvata bhI prasiddha hai "Doha Dramara (gUlara) por3ho chAtI e cAra nahIM khAye sarAka jAti / "-' 4. A.S.B. 1868 N/8 meM likhA hai ki: They are represented as having great scruples against taking life. They must not eat till they have seen the sun (before sunrise, and they venerate Parashvanath. arthAt-ve (sarAka) aise logoM ke anuyAyI haiM jo jIvahatyA rUpa hiMsA se atyanta ghRNA karate haiM aura ve sUryodaya hone se pahale kadApi nahI khAte tathA ve zrI pArzvanAtha ke pUjaka haiN| 5. mi. begalara va karnala relaTana kA mata hai ki: brAhmaNoM va unake mAnane vAloM ne IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda una zrAvakoM ko apane prabhAva se dabA liyaa| jo kucha bace aura unake dharma meM nahIM gaye ve ina sthAnoM me dUra jAkara rhe| 1. ina saba bAtoM kA khulAsA zrAvaka ke sAtaveM "bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata" meM agale stambha meM kreNge| aura batalAyeMge ki vratadhArI baina dhAvaka ke liye ina niyamoM kA pAlana anivArya hotA hai|

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(10) (6) yaha bAta bar3e gaurava kI hai ki jisa jAti ko jaina dharma bhUle hue bAja teraha sau varSa ho gaye haiM unake vaMzaja Aja taka baMgAla jaise mAMsAhArI deza meM rahate hue bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiN| isa jAti meM matsya tathA mAMsa kA vyavahAra sarvathA vayaM hai / yahA~ taka ki bAlaka bhI matsya yA mAsa nahIM khaate| mAMsAhArI aura hiMsakoM ke madhya meM rahate hue bhI ye loga pUrNa ahiMsaka tathA nirAmiSabhojI hai| 7. karnala DelaTana kA mata hai ki: isa jAti ko yaha abhimAna hai ki isa meM koI bhI vyakti kisI phaujadArI aparAdha meM daMDita nahIM huaa| aura aba bhI saMbhava hai ki inhe yahI abhimAna hai ki isa briTiza rAjya meM bhI kisI ko aba taka koI faujadArI aparAdha para daMDa nahI milaa| ye vAstava me zAMta aura niyama se calane vAle haiN| apane Apa aura par3ausiyo ke sAtha zA~ti se rahate haiM / ye loga bahuta pratiSThita tathA buddhimAna mAlUma hote haiN| (8)anekoM jaina mandira aura jaina tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharo, nigraMthoM, zrAvaka, zrAvikAoM kI mUttiyAM Aja bhI isa deza meM sarvatra idhara-udhara bikharI par3I haiM, jo ki "sarAka" logoM ke dvArA nirmita tathA pratiSThita karAI gayI haiN| (A. S. B. 1868) sArAMza yaha hai ki hajAroM varSoM se apane mUla dharma (jaina dharma) ko bhUla jAne para bhI aura anya mAMsAhArI dharma-saMpradAyoM meM mila jAne ke bAda bhI ina sarAkoM meM jaina dharma ke AcAra sambandhI aneka vizeSatAe~ Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| isa sAre vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma niryAmaka nimrantha jJAtaputra bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM ne ahiMsA kA aisA alaukika Adarza svayaM apane AcaraNa meM lAkara vizva ke logoM ko isa para calane kA Adeza diyA, jisake pariNAma svarUpa jinhoMne una ke dharma ko svIkAra kiyA aisA jaina saMgha (sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA)

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Aja ke gande aura dUSita vAtAvaraNa (jisameM mAMsa-matsya tathA madirA jaisI ghRNita vastuoM kA vizvavyApI pracAra ho rahA hai) meM bhI akSuNNa rUpa se nirAmiSAhArI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI ahiMsA kI logoM para usa samaya itanI gaharI chApa par3I thI ki jo sarAkAdi jAtiyAM hajAroM varSoMse jaina dharma ko bhUla cukI haiM ve bhI Ajataka kaTTara nirAmiSabhojI rahI haiN| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ne usa samayako sarvasAdhAraNa janatA para itanA jabardasta prabhAva DAlA ki usa samaya ke bauddha Adi prANyaMga matsya-mAMsAdi bhakSaka saMpradAyoM ko bhI apa' saiddhAntika rUpa se, icchA se nahIM to dabAva se athavA lokanindA ke bhaya se hI ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko kisI na kisI rUpa se apanAnA pdd'aa| isa liye yaha kahanA koI atizayokti nahIM hai ki "ahiMsA zabda kA pradhAna sambandha jainoM ke sAtha hI hai|" bhAratagaurava svargavAsI lokamAnya tilaka ne to spaSTa rUpa se yaha bAta svIkAra kI hai ki-"jaina dharma kI ahiMsA ne vaidika-brAhmaNa dharma para gaharI chApa DAlI hai| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharma ko punaH prakAza meM lAye taba ahiMsA dharma khUba hI vyApaka huaa| Aja kala yajJoM meM jo pazuhiMsA nahIM hotI--prAhmaNa aura hindU dharma meM mAMsa bhakSaNa aura madirApAna banda ho gayA hai vaha bhI jaina dharma kA hI pratApa hai|" ahiMsA to jaina dharma kA mUla siddhAnta hai, prANa hai aura isakA pahalA pATha mAMsAhAra niSedha se hI prAraMbha hotA hai| jainadharma kI mAnyatA hai ki cAhe bhagavAn mahAvIra ho yA buddha athavA koI bhI mahAn vyakti kyoM na ho yadi vaha mAMsAhAra karatA hai to vaha bhagavAn pada kA adhikArI kamI nahIM ho sktaa| mAMsAhArI na to sva svarUpa ko samajha sakatA hai aura na hI zuddha aura sampUrNa jJAna kI prApti kara sakatA hai, isaliye yaha ananta sukha kA mArga bhI nahIM khoja sakatA aura na hI vaha uccatama cAritra kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| aura uccatama

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( 12 ) cAritra ke abhAva meM sarva karmajanya upAdhi se mukti rUpa nirvANa (mokSa) kI prApti kadApi nahIM kara sakatA / jaina zramaNopAsakoM (gRhasthoM), jaina dharma ke pracAraka nirbaMdhoM (sAdhuoM) tathA jainadharmafore tIrthaMkaroM kA AcAra kitanA pavitra thA aura hai isa kA saMkSipta vivecana karanA isa liye yahA~ Avazyaka hai ki Apa dekheMge aise caritra vAlA koI bhI vyakti prANyaMga matsya- mAMsAdi abhakSya padArthoM kA kadApi bhakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA /

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[ 2 ] jaina gRhasthoM (zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM) kA AcAra jaina gRhasthoM maiM puruSa ko zrAvaka tathA strI ko zrAvikA kahate haiM / (ka) gRhastha dharma kI pUrva bhUmikA saMghavibhAvana - tIrthaMkara bhagavAn se jaba dharmazAsana kI sthApanA kI to svAbhAvika hI thA ki use sthAyI baura vyApaka rUpa dene ke liye ve saMgha kI sthApanA krte| kyoMki saMgha ke binA dharma Thahara nahI sakatA / jaina saMgha cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhakta hai- 1. sAdhu, 2. sAdhvI, 3. zrAvaka, 4. zrAvikA / isameM sAdhu-sAdhvI kA AcAra lagabhaga eka jaisA hai aura zrAvakazrAvikA kA AcAra ekasA hai / muni ( sAdhu-sAdhvI) ke AcAra kA ullekha Age kareMge / yahA~ para Man-vikA ke AcAra kA varNana karate haiM, kyoMki zrAvaka-zrAvikA kA bhI jaina zAsana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zrAvaka kA AcAra munidharma ke liye nIMva ke samAna hai| isI ke Upara muni ke AcAra kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita huA hai / bAyaka pada kA adhikArI--- jaina dharma meM jaina muniyoM ke liye Avazyaka AcAra-praNAlikA nizcita hai aura usa AcAra kA pAlana karanevAlA sAdhaka hI muni kahalAtA hai / usI prakAra dhAvaka hone ke liye bhI kucha Avazyaka zarta haiN| pratyeka gRhasya bhAva zrAvaka nahIM kahalA sakatA, balki viziSTa vratoM ko aGgIkAra karane vAlA gRhastha puruSa va strI hI zrAvaka-zrAvikA kahalAne ke adhikArI haiN|

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( 14 ) jaina paramparA ke anusAra zrAvaka-zrAvikA banane kI yogyatA prApta karane ke liye nimnalikhita sAta durvyasanoM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai : 1. juA khelanA, 2. mAMsAhAra, 3. madirApAna, 4. vezyAgamana, 5. zikAra, 6. corI, 7. parastrIgamana athavA parapuruSagamana / ye sAta durvyasana' haiN| ye sAtoM hI durvyasana jIvana ko adhaHpatana kI ora le jAte haiN| inameM se kisI bhI eka vyasana meM phaMsA huA abhAgA manuSya prAyaH sabhI vyasanoM kA zikAra bana jAtA hai| ina sAta vyasanoM meM se niyama pUrvaka kisI bhI vyasana kA sevana na karane vAle hI zrAvaka-zrAvikA banane ke pAtra hote haiN| (kha) Avaka banane ke liyaH uparyukta sAta vyasanoM ke tyAga ke atirikta gRhastha meM anya guNa bhI hone cAhiye / jaina paribhASA me unheM mArgAnusArI guNa kahate haiM / ina guNoM meM se kucha ye haiM:___nIti pUrvaka dhanopArjana kare, ziSTAcAra kA prazaMsaka ho, guNavAn puruSoM kA Adara kare, madhurabhASI ho, lajjAzIla ho, zIlavAna ho, mAtApitA kA bhakta evaM sevaka ho, dharmaviruddha, dezaviruddha-evaM kulaviruddha kArya na karane vAlA ho, Aya se adhika vyaya na karanevAlA ho, pratidina dharmopadeza sunane vAlA ho, deva-gu (jinendra prabhu tathA nigraMtha gu ) kI bhakti karane vAlA ho, niyata samaya para parimita sAttvika bhojana karane vAlA, atithi-dIna-hIna janoM kA e sAdhu-saMtoM kA yathocita satkAra karane 1. majjapasaMgI, cojjapasaMgI, maMsapasaMgI, jUyapasaMgI, vesApasaMgI, prdaarpsNgii| (jJAtAsUtra a0 18 sU0 137) jala-thala-khagacAriNo ya paMcidie pasugaNe biya-tiya-caridie ya vivihajIve piyajIvie maraNadukkhapaDikUle varAe hnnNti|| " (praznavyAkaraNe prathama a0) 2. vipAkasUtra-duHkhavipAka (sapta durvyasanoM kA phala)

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( 15 ) bAlA, guNoM kA pakSapAtI, apane Azrita janoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karane vAlA, AgA-pIchA socane vAlA, saumya, paropakAraparAyaNa, kAma-krodhAdi Antarika zatruoM ko damana karane meM udyata aura indriyoM para kAbU rakhane vAlA ho / ityAdi guNoM se yukta gRhastha hI zrAvakadharma kA adhikArI hai / evaM pratyeka tatva ke svarUpa ko samyak prakAra se jAnane kI abhiruci se tattvoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnate hue sat zraddhAna vAlA gRhastha ft Tara kA adhikArI hai / " (ga) zrAvakarma jaina zAstra kA vidhAna hai - "cAritaM dhammo / " arthAt cAritra hI dharma hai|" cAritra kyA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai --- " asuhAo viNivittI suhe pavittIya jANa cAritaM / " arthAt - azubha karmoM se nivRtta honA tathA zubha karmoM meM pravRtta honA cAritra kahalAtA hai / vastutaH samyakacAritra yA sadAcAra hI manuSya kI vizeSatA hai / sadAcArahIna jIvana gandhahIna puSpa ke samAna hai / gRhastha varga ke lie batalAye gaye bAraha vratoM meM se mAtra pahalA ahiMsANuvrata, sAtavA~ bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata tathA AThava anarthadaMDatyAga vrata- ina tIna vratoM kA hI yahA~ saMkSepa se ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki isa nibandha kA uddezya mAsAhAra Adi abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa kA parihAra hai, jisa kA samAveza ina tInoM vratoM meM hotA hai| ataH vistAra bhaya se bAraha vrato ke svarUpa kA ullekha karanA ucita nahI samajhA gayA / zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke bAraha vratoM ke nAma pA~ca aNuvrata - 1. sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa ahiMsA aNuvrata, 1. sati samyagdarzaLe nyAyyamaNuvratAdInAM grahaNaM, nAnyatheti / ( AcArya haribhadrakRta dharmabindu pra0 3 )

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2. satyANuvrata, 3. acANuvrata, 4. brahmacaryANuvrata, 5. parigrahaparimANa aNuvata / tIna guNAta-6. digvata, 7. mogopabhogaparimANa vrata, 8. banarSadaNDatyAga batA pAra zikSAbata-9. sAmAyika vrata, 10. dezAvakAzika vrata, 11. paviyoSavAsa vrata, 12. atithisaMvibhAma vrata / (gha) zrAvaka-zrAvikA kA ahiMsANuvrata pahalA vrata "sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata" arthAt-jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata honaa| saMsAra meM do prakAra ke jIva haiM, sthAvara aura asa / jo jIva apanI icchAnusAra sthAna badalane meM asamartha haiM ve sthAvara kahalAte haiM / pRthvIkAya, apkAya (pAnI), agnikAya, vAyukAya tathA vanaspatikAya-ye pA~ca prakAra ke sthAvara jIva hai| ina jIvoM ke sirfa sparzendriya hotI hai| ataeva inheM ekendriya jIva bhI kahate haiN| duHkha-sukha ke prasaMga para jo jIva apanI icchA ke anusAra eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha para Ate-jAte haiM, jo calate-phirate aura bolate haiM, ve usa haiM / ina sa jIvoM meM koI do indriyoM vAle, koI tIna indriyoM vAle, koI cAra indriyoM vAle, koI pA~ca indriyoM vAle hote haiN| saMsAra ke samasta jIva asa aura sthAvara vibhAgoM me samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| muni donoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karate haiN| parantu gRhastha aisA nahIM kara sakate, ataeva unake lie sthUla hiMsA ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| niraparAdha trasa jIvoM kI saMkalpa pUrvaka kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko hI gRhastha tyAgatA hai / jaina zAstroM meM hiMsAcAra prakAra kI batalAI gayI hai 1. ArambhI hiMsA, 2. udyogI hiMsA, 3. virodhI hiMsA, 4. saMkalpI hiNsaa| 1. praznavyAkaraNasUtra ApravadvAra

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1. jIvananirvAha ke liye Avazyaka bhojana-pAna ke liye, aura parivAra ke pAlana-poSaNa ke liye anivArya rUpa se hone vAlI hiMsA mArambhI hisA hai| 2. gRhastha apanI AjIvikA calAne ke liye kRSi, gopAlana, vyApAra Adi udyoga karatA hai aura una udyogoM meM hiMsA kI bhAvanA na hone para bhI hiMsA hotI hai, vaha udyogI hiMsA kahalAtI hai| 3. apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye, kuTumba-parivAra kI rakSA ke liye athavA AkramaNakArI zatruoM se dezAdi kI rakSA ke liye kI jAne vAlI hiMsA virodhI hiMsA hai| 4. kisI niraparAdhI prANI kI jAna bUjha kara mArane kI bhAvanA se hiMsA karanA saMkalpI hiMsA hai| isa cAra prakAra kI hiMsA se gRhastha pahale vrata meM saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai aura zeSa tIna prakAra kI hiMsA meM se yathAzakti tyAga karake ahiMsA vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| 1. ahiMsA vrata kA zuddha rUpa se pAlana karane ke liye ina pA~ca doSoM se bacanA cAhiye : 1. kisI jIva ko mAranA-pITanA-trAsa denaa| 2. kisI kA aMga-bhaMga karanA, kisI ko apaMga banAnA, virUpa krnaa| 3. kisI ko bandhana meM DAlanA, yathA tote-mainA Adi pakSiyoM ko piMjare meM banda karanA, kutte Adi ko rassI se bAMdha rkhnaa| aisA karane se una prANiyoM kI svAdhInatA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura unheM vyathA pahuMcatI hai| 4. ghor3e, baila, khaccara, U~Ta, gadhe Adi jAnavaroM para unake sAmarthya se adhika bojha lAdanA, naukaroM se adhika kAma lenaa| 5. apane Azrita prANiyoM ko samaya para bhojana-pAnI na denaa| ina uparyukta samasta doSoM kA tyAga "ahiMsANuvata" kI bhAvanA meM Avazyaka hai| - 1. upAsakadazAMga sUtra 101 /

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( 18 ) (ka) sAtabA bhogopabhogaparimANa prata eka bAra bhogane yogya AhAra Adi bhoga kahalAte haiN| jinheM punaH punaH bhogA jA sake, aise vastra, pAtra, makAna Adi upabhoga kahalAte haiN| ina padArthoM ko kAma meM lAne kI maryAdA bAMdha lenA "bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata" hai| yaha vrata bhojana aura karma (vyavasAya) se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / bhakSya (mAnava ke khAne-pIne yogya) bhojana padArthoM kI maryAdA karane aura abhakSya (mAnava ke na khAne-pIne yogya)padArthoM kA tyAga karane kA isa vrata ke pahale bhAga meM vidhAna hai| bhojana (bhakSya) padArthoM kI maryAdA karane se lolupatA para vijaya prApta hotI hai tathA abhakSya padArthoM (mAMsa, madirA Adi) ke tyAga se lolapatA ke tyAga ke sAtha hiMsA kA tyAga bhI ho jAtA hai| dUsare bhAga meM vyApAra saMbandhI maryAdA kara lene se pApapUrNa vyApAroM kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / ___isa vrata ko aGgIkAra karane vAlA sAdhaka madirA, mAMsa, zahada, tathA do ghar3I (48 minaTa) chAcha meM se nikAlane ke bAda kA makkhana (kyoMki do ghar3I ke bAda makkhana me trasa jIva utpanna ho jAte haiM), pA~ca udumbara phala (bar3a-pIpala-pilaMkhaNa-kaThumara-galara ke phala), rAtribhojana ityAdi kA tyAga karatA hai| kyoMki ina saba meM asa jIvoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai isa liye inake bhakSaNa se mAsAhAra kA doSa lagatA hai, jo ki zrAvaka ke liye sarvathA vajita hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki aise saba prakAra ke padArtha, jinake 1. sakRdeva bhajyate yaH sa bhogo'nnasragAdikaH / punaH puna. punarnogya upabhogo'GganAdikaH // (yogazAstra pra0 3 shlo05)| 2. madyaM mAMsaM navanItaM madhUdumbarapaMcakam / anantakAyamajJAtaphalaM rAtrau ca bhojanam // 6 // Ama gorasa sampavataM dvidala pUSpitaudanam / daghyahatiyAtItaM kuthinAnna ca varjayet / / 7 // (A0 hemacandrakRta yoga zAstra pra0 3) /

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bhakSaNa se AmiSAhAra kI saMbhAvanA ho athavA buddhi meM vikAra Ave, zrAvaka ke liye varjita haiN|" aise vyApAra jina meM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA vizeSa rUpa se saMbhava ho, zrAvaka ke liye varjita hai| jaise-vRkSoM ko kATa-kATa kara koyalA banAnA, ThekA le kara jaMgala ko ujAr3anA, hAthIdAMta Adi kA vyApAra karanA, madirA jaisI mAdaka vastuoM kA vikraya karanA, prANaghAtaka viSa becanA, aura durAcAriNI striyoM se durAcAra karavA kara dravyopArjana karanA, Adi niMdya vyApAroM kA bhI prAvaka tyAga kara detA hai| (ca) AThavAM anaryavaMDaviramaNa vrata anarbadaNDatyAga-binA prayojana hiMsAdi karanA anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| isakA bhI dhAvaka ko tyAga karanA caahiye| 1. (ka) madirA ke doSa vivekaH saMyamo jJAnaM satyaM zaucaM dayA kssmaa| madyAtpralIyate sarvaM tRNyA vahnikaNAdiva // 16 // doSANAM kAraNaM madyaM, madhaM kAraNamApadAm / rogAtura ivApathyaM tasmAnmadyaM vivarjayet // 17 // (kha) mAMsa ke doSa cikhAdiSati yo mAMsaM prANiprANApahArataH / unmalayatyasau mUla dayAkhyaM dharmazAkhinaH / / 18 // azanIyan sadA mAsaM dayAM yo hi cikIrSati / jvalati jvalane vallI, sa ropayitumicchati / / 19 / / sadyaHsaMmUrchitAnatajaMtusaMtAnadUSitam / narakAdhvani pAtheyaM, ko'znIyAt pizitaM sudhIH ? // 33 // navanIta (makkhana) ke ghoSaaMtarmuhartAtparataH susUkSmA jaMturAzayaH / yatra mUchanti tannAdya, navanotaM vivekibhiH // 34 // (gha) madhu (zahaba) ke boSa anekajantusaMghAta-nipAtanasamudbhavam / jugupsanIyaM lAlAvat kaH svAdayati mAkSikam ? // 36 //

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(20) vivekazUnya manuSyoM kI manovRtti cAra prakAra ke vyavaM paoNrpa kI upArjana karatI hai 1. apadhyAna-dUsaroM kA burA vicAranA / 2. pramAdAcarita-jAti kula Adi kA mada karanA tathA vikayA, nimdA Adi karanA / 3. hiMsrapradAna-hiMsA ke sodhama-talavAra, bandUka, topeM, bama Adi kA nirmANa karake dUsaroM ko denA, saMhAraka zastroM kA AviSkAra krnaa| 4. pApopadeza-pApajanaka kAryoM kA upadeza denA / isa vrata ko aGgIkAra karanevAlA sAdhaka kAmavAsanAvardhaka vArtAlApa mahI krtaa| kAmottejaka kuceSTAe~ nahIM krtaa| asabhya phahar3a vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM krtaa| hiMsAjanaka zastroM kA nirmANa nahIM karatA, inake AviSkAra va vikraya me bhAga nahI letA aura bhogopabhoga ke yogya padAyoM me adhika Asakta nahIM hotA / ___ isa prakAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ hiMsA-sAmiSAhAra Adi doSoM se bacane ke liye uparyukta vratoM kA sAvadhAnI se pAlana karate hue sadA jAgarUka (5) pA~ca uduMbara phaloM ke doSa udabara-vaTa-plakSa-kAkodubara-zAkhinAm / pippalasya ca nAznIyAtphalaM kRmikulAkulam // 42 // (ca) rAtribhojana ke doSa-- ghorAdhakAraruddhAkSaH patanto yatra jantavaH / naiva bhojya nirIkSyante tatra bhujIta ko nizi? // 49 // (cha) gorasa kacce se mizrita dvidala ke doSa AmagorasasapRktadvidalAdiSu jantavaH / dRSTAH kevalibhiH sUkSmAstasmAttAni vivarjayet // 71 // (ja) jantu mizrita puSpa-phala meM boSa jantumizraM phalaM puSpaM patraM cAnyadapi tyajet / saMdhAnamapi saMsaktaM jinadharmaparAyaNaH // 72 // (AcArya hemacandrakRta yogazAstra prakAza 3) /

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( 21 ) rahate rahe haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyI zramaNopAsaka gRhastha na to mAMsa kharIda kara lA sakate haiM, na pakA sakate haiM, na khA sakate haiM aura na hI apane hAthoM se paMcendriyAdi jIvoM kA vadha karake mAMsa banA sakate haiN| hama pahale stambha meM "sarAka jAti" kA paricaya de Aye haiM, jisa meM unakA khAna-pAna-AcAra sambandhI saMkSipta vivaraNa (naM. 3) likhA hai| usase yaha spaSTa hai ki una logoM kA AcAra aura vicAra bhI zrAvaka ke ina upayukta vratoM ke sarvathA anukUla calA A rahA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jana saMgha meM sAmiSAhAra kA pracalana prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja paryaMta kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai /

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[ 3 ] nimrantha zramaNa jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI] kA zrAcAra jainAgamoM meM tyAgamaya jIvana aGgIkAra karane vAle vyakti kI yogyatA kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| Ayu kA koI pratibandha na hone para bhI jise zubha tattva-dRSTi prApta ho cukI hai, jisane AtmA-anAtmA ke svarUpa ko samajha liyA hai, jo bhoga-roga aura indriyoM ke viSayoM ko viSa samajha cukA hai tathA jisake mAnasa sara meM vairAgya kI UmiyA~ laharAne lagI haiM vahI tyAgI nigraMtha banane ke yogya hai / pUrNa virakta hokara zarIra sambandhI mamatva kA bhI tyAga karake jo Atma-ArAdhanA me salagna rahanA cAhatA hai vaha jaina manidharma arthAta jaina dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| use ghara-bAra, dhana-daulata, strI-parivAra, mAtA-pitA, kheta-z2amIna Adi padArthoM kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai| maccA zramaNa vahI hai jo apane Antarika vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| vaha apanI pIr3A ko varadAna mAna kara taTastha bhAva se sahana kara jAtA hai, magara para-pIr3A usake liye amahya hotI hai| jaina sAdhu vaha naukA hai jo svayaM 'ratI hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI tAratI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM-sAdhuo ! zramaNa nigraMthoM ke liye lAdhava-kama-se-kama sAdhanoM se nirvAha karanA, nirIhatA-niSkAma vRtti, amUrchA-anAsakti, agRddhi, apratibaddhatA, zAnti, namratA, saralatA nirlobhatA hI prazasta hai| jaina bhikSu ke liye pA~ca mahAvrata anivArya haiN| unheM rAtribhojana kA bhI sarvathA tyAga hotA hai| ina mahAvratoM kA bhalIbhAMti pAlana kiye binA koI sAdhu nahIM kahalA sktaa| mahAvrata isa prakAra haiM :

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( 23 ) "pANivaha musAvAyA avatta- mehuNa- pariggahA virao / rAImoyaNavirao, jIvo bhavada aNareat / " 1. ahiMsA mahAvrata - jIvana paryanta trasa ( halana calana kI sAmarthyaM vAle) aura sthAvara (eka sthAna para sthira rahane vAle) sabhI jIvoM kI mana, vacana, kAyA se hiMsA na karanA, dUsaroM se na karAnA, aura hiMsA karane vAle ko anumodana na denA - ahiMsA mahAvrata hai / sAdhu prANimAtra para karuNA kI dRSTi rakhatA hai| ataeva vaha nirjIva hue acitta jala kA hI sevana karatA hai| agnikAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke liye agni kA upayoga nahIM karatA / paMkhA Adi hilA kara vAyu kI udIraNA nahIM karatA / pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA ke liye jamIna khodane Adi kI kriyAe~ nahI karatA / vaha acitta-jIvarahita AhAra ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / mAMsAhAra sarvadA sajIva hone se usakA sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai / mahAvratadhArI jaina sAdhu sthAvara aura calate-phirate trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai / jaina muni rAtri bhojana kA bhI tyAgI hotA hai, kyoMki rAtri - bhojana meM Asakti aura rAga kI tIvratA hotI hai tathA jIva-jantu Adi ke gira jAne se hiMsA evaM mAMsAhAra doSa kA laganA bhI saMbhava hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pharamAte haiM ki: sUrya ke udaya se pahale tathA sUrya ke asta ho jAne ke bAda nirgraya muni ko sabhI prakAra ke bhojana-pAna Adi kI mana se bhI icchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / kyoMki saMsAra meM bahuta se trasa jIva ( calane-phirane, ur3ane vAle) aura sthAvara (eka sthAna para rahane vAle) prANI bar3e hI sUkSma hote haiM / rAtri meM dekhe nahIM jA sakate, to rAtri meM bhojana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jamIna para kahIM pAnI par3A hotA hai, kahIM bIja bikhare hote | haiM aura kahIM para sUkSma kIr3e-makaur3e Adi jIva hote haiN| dina meM unheM dekha bhAla kara bacAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu rAtri ko unheM bacAkara bhojana karanA

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saMbhava nahI hai| rAtri ko mobana Adi meM prasa jIkoM kA par3a jAnA prAyaH saMbhava hone se hiMsA evaM mAMsAhAra ke doSa se prAyaH basA nahIM jA sktaa| isa prakAra saba doSoM ko dekhakara hI zAtaputra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki "nigraMtha mani rAtri ko kisI bhI prakAra se bhojana na kare / " ___annAdi cAroM hI prakAra ke AhAra (1. azana-vaha jurAka jisase bhUkha miTe, 2. pAna-vaha AhAra jisase pyAsa Adi miTe, 3. khAdya-vaha mAhAra jisase thor3I tRpti ho, jaise phalAdi, 4. svAba-ilAyacI supArI Adi) kA rAtri me sevana nahI karanA caahiye| itanA hI nahIM dUsare dina ke liye bhI rAtri meM khAdya sAmagrI kA saMgraha karanA niSiddha hai| ataH ahiMsA mahAvrata dhArI zramaNa rAtribhojana kA sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai| 2. satya mahAvata-mana se satya socanA, vANI se satya bolanA, aura kAya se satya kA AcaraNa karanA tathA sUkSma asatya kA bhI prayoga na karanA, satya mahAvrata hai| jaina sAdhu mana-vacana tathA kAyA se kadApi asatya kA sevana nahIM krtaa| use mauna rahanA priyatara pratIta hotA hai, phira bhI prayojana hone para parimita, hitakara, madhura aura nirdoSa bhASA kA hI prayoga karatA hai| baha binA soce vicAre nahI boltaa| hiMsA ko uttejana dene vAlA vacana mukha se nahIM nikAlatA / ha~sI, majAka Adi bAto se, jinake kAraNa asatya bhASaNa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, usase dUra rahatA hai| 3. acaurya mahAvrata-muni saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu, usake svAmI kI AjJA ke binA grahaNa nahIM karatA, cAhe vaha ziSyAdi ho, cAhe nirjIva ghAsAdi ho| dA~ta sAfa karane ke liye tinakA jaisI tuccha vastu bhI mAlika kI AjJA binA nahIM letaa| 4. brahmacarya mahAvata-jaina muni kAma vRtti aura vAsanA kA niyamana karake pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| isa durdhara mahAvrata kA pAlana karane ke liye aneka niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karanA par3atA hai| una meM se kucha isa prakAra haiM:

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( 2 ) (ka) jisa makAna meM strI, pazu, napuMsaka kA nivAsa ho usameM na (kha) strI ke hAva-bhAva vilAsa Adi kA pAna na karatA / (ga) strI-puruSa kA eka Asana para na baiThanA / (gha) strI ke aMgopAMgoM ko rAgadRSTi se na dekhnaa| (a) strI-pu SoM ke kAmukatA pUrNa zabda na sunnaa| (ca) apane gRhasthAvasthA ke pUrvakAlIna bhogamaya jIvana ko bhulA denA aura aisA anubhava karanA ki zuddha sApaka ke rUpa meM merA nayA janma huA hai| * (cha) sarasa, pauSTika, vikArajanaka, rAjasa aura tAmasa AhAra na krnaa| (ja) maryAdA se adhika AhAra nahIM karanA / adhika-se-adhika battIsa choTe kora (kavala) bhojana karanA / (jha) snAna, maMjana, zRMgAra Adi karake AkarSaka rUpa na bnaanaa| 5. aparigraha mahAvrata-sAdhu parigraha mAtra kA tyAgI hotA hai, phira bhale hI vaha ghara ho, kheta ho, dhana-dhAnya ho, yA dvipada-catuSpada ho, athavA anya bhI koI padArtha ho / vaha sadA ke liye mana-vacana-kAyA se samasta parigraha ko chor3a detA hai| pUrNa asaMga, anAsakta, aparigrahI aura saba prakAra ke mamatva se rahita hokara vicaraNa karatA hai| sAdhudharma kA pAlana karane ke liye use jina upakaraNoM kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI hai unake prati bhI use mamatva nahIM hotaa| ___yadyapi mUrchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai, tathApi bAhya padArthoM ke tyAga se anAsakti kA vikAsa hotA hai, ataeva bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ___ jaina sAdhu kisI prANI athavA vAhana kI vArI nahIM to vaha savA naMge pA~va, naMge sira sarvatra pAda vihAra bAra bama-phirakara saba jIvoM ko

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( 26 ) heart-ars banAne ke prayatna meM saMlagna rahatA hai| sardI-garmI, bhUkha-pyAsa, varSA- dhUpa kI bhI paravAha na karake vaha satata dhyAna, tapa tathA prANiyoM ke upakAra ke liye paryaTaka banA rahatA hai| saba prakAra ke pariSaha aura upasargoM saharSa sahana karate hue bhI apane jIvanalakSya kA tyAga nahIM karatA / kisI sUkSma se sUkSma prANI kI bhI hiMsA usase na ho jAya isake liye vaha sadA sAvadhAna rahatA hai aura isa doSa se bacane ke liye vaha apane pAsa sadA rajoharaNa' rakhatA hai tathA saceta kaccA, pakkA athavA doSa vAlA aisA vanaspati kA AhAra bhI kabhI grahaNa nahI karatA / vastu ke nikamme bhAga ko DAlane se kisI ekendriya jIva kI bhI hiMsA na ho jAya isakI pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhakara sthAna ko dekhabhAla kara tathA pUja-pramArjana karake DAlatA hai / isa prakAra nirgratha zramaNa - jaina sAdhu ekendriya se lekara 'cendriya jIva kI hiMsA se bacane ke liye sadA jAgarUka rahatA hai / 1. eka UnAdi narama vastu kA gucchA, jisase sthAna sAfa karane para jIvAdi kI hiMsA kA bacAva hotA hai /

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[ 4 ] bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI kA tyAgamaya jIvana kumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra svabhAva se hI vairAgyazIla evaM ekAntapriya the / unake mAtA-pitA tathA sArA parivAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the / unhoMne mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se gRhavAsa svIkAra kiyA / isase jaba ve 28 varSa ke hue aura unake mAtA-pitA kA dehAMta ho gayA taba unakA mana dIkSA ( sAdhu hone) ke liye utkaNThita ho uThA / parantu bar3e bhAI nandivardhana tathA anya svajana varga ke ati Agraha ke kAraNa unhoMne do varSoM ke liye aura ghara ThaharanA svIkAra kara liyA / kintu usameM zarta yaha thI ki "Aja se mere nimitta kucha bhI Arambha samArambha na karanA hogaa|" re vardhamAna gRhastha veSa meM rahate hue bhI tyAgI jIvana bitAne lge| apane liye bane hue bhojana, peya tathA anya bhoga sAmagrI kA bilakula upayoga ( istemAla ) na karate hue ve sAdhAraNa bhojanAdi se apanA nirvAha karane lage / brahmacAriyoM ke liye varjita tela- phulela, mAlya- vilepana, aura anya zRMgAra sAdhanoM ko unhoMne pahale hI chor3a diyA thA / gRhastha hokara bhI ve sAdagI aura saMyama ke Adarza bane hue zAMtimaya aura tyAgamaya jIvana bitAte the / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM sukha-vaibhava tathA gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara ekAkI 'jina dIkSA' grahaNa kii| Apane saba prakAra ke parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA / vastra, pAtra, alaMkAra Adi saba kA tyAga kara sAr3he bAraha varSa (12 varSa, 6 mahIne, 15 dina) taka ghora tapa kiyaa| itane samaya meM Apane 349 dina AhAra kiyA, vaha bhI dina meM mAtra eka hI bAra itanAM samaya tapa karane ke bAda chadmasthAvasthA

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( 28 ) ko dUra kara kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana ko prApta kiyaa| isa sAdhanAvasthA prabhu mahAvIra ne kaise-kaise ghora pariSaha aura upasarga sahana kiye the, unakA saMkSepa meM yahA~ varNana kara denA isaliye ucita hai ki pAThaka mahodaya samajha sakeMge ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ko apane dehAdi para mamatva bilkula nahIM thA / ve to mahAn tapasvI tyAgI the / 9. prathama upasarga gavAle ne kiyA, isane bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dhyAnAvasthA meM rassoM se mArA | 2. zUlapANi yakSa ke mandira meM rahe taba zUlapANi yakSa ne aneka upasarga kiye, jaise ki -adRzya aTTahAsa karake DarAyA | hAthI kA rUpa kara ke sUDa se uThAkara uchaalaa| sarpa kA rUpa banAkara kaattaa| pizAca kA rUpa banA kara DarAyA / mastaka meM, kAna meM, nAka meM, netroM meM, dA~toM meM, pITha meM, nakhoM meM, sukomala aGgo meM aisI vedanA kI ki yadi koI sAmAnya puruSa hotA aura usake eka aMga meM bhI aisI pIr3A hotI to usakI tatkAla mRtyu ho jAtI / kintu prabhu ne meru ke samAna nizcala rahate hue adIna mana se saba kucha sahana kiyA / 3. caNDakauzika sarpa ne DaMka mArA parantu prabhu ne zAnta citta se sahana kiyA / 4. sudaMSTra nAgakusAra devatA kA upasarga sahana kiyA / 5. prabhu bana meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e the, logoM ne vana meM Aga jalAyI aura vahA~ se anyatra cale gaye / agni, sUkhe ghAsAdi hat jalatI huI prabhu ke pairoM ke nIce A gayI, jisase prabhu ke paira jalane lage, phira bhI prabhu ne apanA dhyAna nahI chor3A aura vaise hI dhyAnamagna khar3e rahe / 6. kaTapUtanA vyantara devI ne mAgha mAsa ke dinoM meM sArI rAta bhagavAna ke zarIra para atyanta zItala jala chITA, prabhu vicalita nahIM hue, anta meM vyantara devI ko hI hAra mAnanI par3I / 7. saMgama devatA ne eka rAtri meM prabhu ko bIsa upasarga kiye - prabhu para dhUli kI varSA kI jisase prabhu ke A~kha, nAka, kAnAdi ke srota banda hote se prabhu kA zvAsozvAsa ruka gayA to bhI prabhu dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hue / vajramukhI cITiyA~ banAkara prabhu ke zarIra ko chalanI ke samAna chedana kiyA / vajra coMca vAle deza banAkara prabhu ko bahuta pIr3A dI / tIkSNa coMcavAlI dImaka

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bakara lAyA / bilchU, sarpa, nakule, cUheM banakara koTA tathA mAMsa ko nocA bAra khAyo / hAthI-haSinI bane kara sUMDa aura dAMtoM se mArA, pairoM tale sadA to bhI prema dhyAnArUr3ha rahe / pizAca banakara aTTahAsa karake ddraayaa| siMha banakara nakha aura dAr3hoM se cIrA phaadd'aa| sikhAye aura trizalA kA rUpa karake putra kA sneha dikhalAte hue vilApa kiyaa| skaMdhAvAra ke loga banAkara prabhu ke pairoM meM Aga jalA kara usake pairoM para hAMDI roNdhii| cAMDAla kA rUpa banAkara pakSiyo ke piMjare prabhu ke kAna, bAhu Adi ke sAtha sAtha laTakA kara pakSiyoM se zarIra nucvaayaa| bhayaMkara A~dhI se prabhu ko geda kI tarahabAra-bAra uThAyA aura dharatI para pttkaa| utkalikA pavana calAkara prabhuko cakra ke samAna dhumAyA / bhArI vajana vAlA cakra DAlakara prabhu ko ghuTanoM taka bhUmi meM dhasAyA / prabhAta kA samaya banAkara kahane lage ki 'prabhu ! vihAra karo' parantu prabhu to avadhi tathA manaHparyava jJAnI the, isaliye jAnate the ki abhI to rAta hai| devAMganAoM ke rUpa banAkara hAvabhAva-kaTAkSAdi- karake upasarga kiye| ina bIsa prakAra ke upasargo se prabhu kiMcit mAtra bhI vicalita nahI hue, taba saMgama devatA ne cha: mAsa taka prabhu ke sAtha-sAtha rahakara unheM upasarga kiye / anta meM thaka kara vaha apanI pratijJA se bhraSTa hokara calA gyaa| 8 anArya deza meM prabhu ko bahuta pariSaha upasarga hue / 9. anta meM prabhu ke donoM kAnoM meM gavAle ne bA~sa kI kIliyA~ ThoMkI, unase bahuta pIr3A huii| bhagavAnane ina upasargoM ko bar3I zAnti aura dharya se sahana kiyA aura parva-saMcita karmoM ko bhoga liyA, jisase Apa ke saba ghAtiyA karma kSayaM ho gaye / yadi prabhu mahAvIra aise pariSahoM ko zAnti tathA dhairya ke sAtha sahana na karate aura kaThora tapa na karate to pUrvopAjita pApakarma kSaya ma hote aura na hI ve kevala jJAna-kevala darzana prApta karate; aura na hI anta meM sarva karmoM ko kSaya kara mokSa prApta krte| kevala jJAna prApta karane ke bAda mahAvIra sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, arihaMta jina, kevalI rUpa ho gye| vizva ke sabaM carAcara padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra unheM isa prakAra ho gayAM jaise hAthoM kI aMguliyoM /

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( 30 ) bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bauddha granthoM meM 'nigaSTha nAthaputa' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai / bauddhoM ke 'suttapiTaka' nAmaka grantha meM nirgranthoM (janoM) ke mata kI kAphI jAnakArI milatI hai / inhIM ke "majjhima nikAya ke cUla dukkhakkhandha sutta" nAmaka grantha meM varNana hai ki rAjagRha meM nirgrantha khar3e-khaDe tapazcaryA karate the / nigaSTha nAthaputta ( mahAvIra ) sarvaza-sarvadarzI the / calate hue, khar3e rahate hue, sote hue yA jAgate hue, hara sthiti meM unakI jJAnadRSTi kAyama rahatI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA AcAra- bhagavAn mahAvIra pA~ca mahAvratadhArI tathA rAtribhojana ke sarvathA tyAgI the| ina vratoM kA svarUpa jaina zramaNa ke AcAra meM kara Aye haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra dIkSA (sanyAsa) lene ke bAda eka varSa taka mAtra eka devadUSya vastra sahita rahe, tatpazcAt sarvathA nagna rahate the| hAthoM kI hatheliyo me bhikSA grahaNa karate the / unake liye taiyAra kiye hue annAdi AhAra ko ve svIkAra nahI karate the aura na hI kisI ke nimantraNa ko svIkAra karate the / matsya, maoNsa, madirA, mAdaka padArtha, kanda, mUla Adi abhakSya vastuoM ko kadApi grahaNa nahIM karate the / prAyaH tapasyA tathA dhyAna meM hI rahate the / cha. chaH mAsa taka nirjala upavAsa ( saba prakAra kI khAnepIne kI vastuoM kA tyAga ) karate the / dAr3hI mUcha ke bAla ukhAr3a kara keza loca karate the / snAnAdi ke sarvathA tyAgI the / choTe-se-choTe tathA bar3e-se-bar3e kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na ho jAya isake lie ve bahuta satarkatA pUrvaka sAvadhAnI rakhate the / ve baDI sAvadhAnI se calate-phirate, uThate-baiThate the / pAnI kI bUdo para bhI tIvra dayA rahatI thI / sUkSma se sUkSma jIva kA bhI nAza na ho jAya isake liye bahuta sAvadhAnI rakhate the / bhayAvane jaMgaloM, aTaviyoM Adi nirjana jagahoM meM dhyAnArUDha rahate the / ve sthAna itane bhayaMkara hote the ki yadi koI sAMsArika manuSya vahA~ praveza karatA to usake roMgaTe khar3e ho jaate| jAr3oM meM himapAta 1

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( 31 ) kI bhayAnaka sardI meM bhI agni kI AtApanA nahIM lete the| sakhta garmI ke mausama meM bhI paMkhe Adi se havA nahIM karate the / pRthvI para calate samaya vanaspati tathA pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA na ho jAya isakI pUrI-pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhate hue vihAra karate the / aisA AcaraNa sabhI jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA hotA hai / Aja bhI tapazcaryA tathA pA~ca mahAvratoM ke abhyAsa se karma kSaya kiye jA sakate haiM / yaha paramparA Aja bhI jainoM meM kAyama hai / kevalajJAna prApti ke pazcAt mahAvIra prabhu vizva meM duHkha saMtapta prANiyoM ke uddhAra ke liye satata sarvatra ghUmakara kalyANakArI upadeza dete rahe aura 72 varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne nirvANa (mokSa) prApta kiyaa|

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[5] zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tatvajJAna kisI bhI mahApuruSa ke jIvana kA vAstavika rahasya jAnane ke liye do bAtoM kI AvazyakatA hotI haiM :-(1) usa mahApuruSa ke jIvana kI bAhya ghaTanAe~ aura (2) unake dvArA pracArita upadeza / bAhya ghaTanAoM se Antarika jIvana kA yathAvat parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| Antarika jIvana ko samajhane ke liye unake vicAra hI abhrAnta kasauTI kA kAma de sakate haiN| upadeza, upadeSTA ke mAnasa kA mAra, unakI Abhyantarika bhAvanAoM kA pratyakSa citraNa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki upadeSTA kI jaisI manovRtti hogI vasA hI usakA upadeza hogaa| yaha kasauTI pratyeka manuSya kI mahattA kA mApa karane ke liye upayogI ho sakatI hai| kyoMki vicAroM kA manuSya ke AcAra para bar3A prabhAva par3atA hai| isaliye eka ko samajhe binA dUsare ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko hama do vibhAgo meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| (1) vicAra yAnI tattvajJAna (2) AcAra yAnI AcaraNa athavA caritra / yahA~ para unake vicAra athavA tattvajJAna kA saMkSipta paricaya dege / kevalajJAna pAne ke bAda bhagavAn ne kahA-(1) yaha loka hai, isa vizva meM jIva aura jar3a do padArtha haiM, inake atirikta aura tIsarI maulika vastu hai hI nhiiN| isaliye yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jIva aura jar3a ke samUha ko hI loka kahate haiN| (2) pratyeka padArtha mUla dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se anitya-antavAn hai| (3) lokAloka ananta hai / (4) jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiN| jIva zarIra nahIM, zarIra jIva nhiiN| (5) jIvAtmA anAdi kAla se karma se baddha hai isaliye yaha punaH punaH janma dhAraNa karatI hai / (6) jIvAtmA

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( 33 ) karma rahita hokara mukta hotI hai| (7) jIva aura karma kA sambandha anAdi hai to bhI ahiMsA, saMgama tathA tapazcaraNa dvArA karmoM ko sarvanA alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai / (8) AtmA svatantra tatva hai tathA arUpI va svavehapramANa hai / (9) jIvAtmA jJAna-darzana-mayaM svatantra padArtha hai / (10) vizva saH bramyAtmaka hai: jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAma, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla / inameM jIva caitandha hai, bAkI pA~ca dravya jar3a haiM, pudgala rUpI hai, bAkI pA~ca dravya arUpI haiM / (11) vizva ke saba padArtha utpaade-vyNy-dhrauvyaatmkN nityAnitya haiM / (12) jIva karma karane aura bhogane meM svatantra hai tathA apane puruSArtha bala se karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karake siddha aura mukta hokara zAzvata Ananda kA upabhoktA banatA hai / (13) ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha Adi kI abhivRddhi evaM abhivyakti se AtmA apanI svAbhAvikatA ke samIpa pahu~cate hue svayaM dharmamaya bana jAtA hai / (14) samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyakcAritra ina tInoM kI paripUrNatA se jIvAtmA mukti prApta karatI hai| (15) muktAbasthA meM AtmA kA svatantra astitva rahatA hai / (16) apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA jIva svayaM hai / ( 17 ) jIvAtmA mukta hone ke bAda punaH avatAra nahIM letI / (18) tattva nava hai-jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, bandha, nirjarA aura mokSa / ( 19 ) mAnava zarIra se jIvAtmA saba karmoM ko kSaya karake Izvara banatI hai arthAt mukti prApta karanA hI Izvaratva kI prApti hai / ( 20 ) jIvAtmA rAga-dveSa (mohanIya karma ) ke kSaya se vItarAgatA ko prApta karatI hai / yaha jJAnAvaraNIya Adi bAra tI karmoM ko kSaya karake kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana prApta kara sarvajJa sarvadarzI banatA hai / (21) Izvara jagat kA karttA nahIM hai; jagat to anAdi kAla se pravAha rUpa se anAdi aura ananta hai / isa prakAra loka, jIva, ajIva, Izvara Adi ke svarUpa kA vistAra pUrvaka vivecana kara apanI sarvajJatA kA paricaya diyA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki prabhu mahAvIra ke parama pavitra pravacana ( upadeza )

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kA AdhAra manaHkalpanA aura anumAna kI bhUmikA para nahIM thA, parantu unake pravacana meM kevalajJAna dvArA hAtha meM rakhe hue AMvale ke samAna samasta vizva ke svarUpa ko pratyakSa jAnakara lokAloka ke mUla tattva-bhUta dravyamuNa-paryAya ke trikAlavartI bhAvoM kA digdarzana thaa| athavA Adhunika paribhASA meM kahA jAe to usameM virATa vizva yA akhila brahmANDa (Whole Cosmos) kI vidhi vihita ghaTanAe~ (Natural phenomena), unake dvArA hotI huI vyavasthA (Organisation), vidhi kA vidhAna aura niyama (Law and order) kA pratipAdana tathA prakAzana thA /

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[6] zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA ahiMsA sAr3he bAraha varSa kI kaThina tapasyA aura ghora yogacaryA ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra-vardhamAna ko kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana kI prApti huii| ve sarvaja-sarvadarzI jIvanamukta paramAtmA hue| aba tIrthaMkara prakRti kA pUrNa vikAsa una ke mahAna vyaktitva meM huaa| kevalajJAna ko prApti se bhagavAn mahAvIra sAre vizva ke trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM ko hAtha kI aMguliyoM ke mAna pratyakSa jAnane lge| usa samaya ve ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya ke jIvita puJja the| jainAgamoM meM sarvatra bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sarvajJa sarvadarzI mAnA hai| jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke samakAlIna bauddhoM ke piTakoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddhoM ke aMguttaranikAya' nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra sarvajJAtA aura sarvadarzI the| unako sarvajJatA ananta thii| ve calate-baiThate, sote-jAgate hara samaya sarvajJa the| 'majjhima nikAya' meM ullekha hai ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra sarvajJa haiN| ve jAnate haiM ki kisa-kisane kisa prakAra kA pApa kiyA hai aura kisane nahIM kiyA hai| * bhagavAna mahAvIra ahiMsA tattva kI sAdhanA karanA cAhate the / usake liye unhoMne saMyama aura tapa ye do sAdhana pasanda kiye| unhoMne yaha vicAra kiyA ki manuSya apanI sukhaprApti kI lAlasA se prerita hokara hI apane se nirbala prANiyoM ke jIvana kI Ahuti detA hai aura : 1. aM0ni01-220. 2. mA-ni0 2-214-28 / .

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( 36 ) isa prakAra sukha kI mithyA bhAvanA aura saMkucita vRtti ke kAraNa vyaktiyoM aura samUhoM meM dveSa bar3hAtA hai, zatrutA kI nIMva DAlatA hai aura isake phalasvarUpa pIr3ita evaM padadalita jIva balavAna hokara badalA lene kA nizcaya tathA prayatna karate haiM aura badalA lete bhI haiN| isa taraha hiMsA aura pratihiMsA kA aisA viSacakra taiyAra ho jAtA hai ki loga saMsAra ke sukha ko svayaM hI naraka banA dete haiN| hiMsA ke isa bhayAnaka svarUpa ke vicAra se mahAvIra nai ahiMsAtatva meM hI samasta dharmoM kA, samasta kartavyoM kA aura prANimAtra kI zAnti kA mUla dekhaa| yaha vicAra kara unhoMne vairabhAva ko tathA kAyika aura mAnasika doSoM se hone vAlI hiMsA ko rokane ke liye tapa aura saMyama kA avalambana liyaa| ___ saMyama kA sambandha mukhyataH mana aura vacana ke sAtha hone ke kAraNa unhoMne dhyAna aura mauna ko svIkAra kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhakajIvana meM saMyama aura tapa yahI do bAteM makhya haiM aura unheM siddha karane ke liye unhoMne sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka jo prayatna kiyA aura usameM jisa tatparatA aura apramAda kA paricaya diyA vaisA Aja taka kI tapasyA ke itihAsa meM kisI vyakti ne diyA ho, vaha dikhalAI nahIM detaa| gautama buddha bodi meM mahAvIra ke tapa ko deha-duHkha aura deharamana kaha kara usakI mabahalamA kI hai| parantu yadi ve satya tathA nyAya ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para taTasthatA se vicAra karate to unheM yaha mAlUma hue binA kadApi na rahatA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tapa zuSka behavarmana nahIM thaa| de saMvama aura tapa donoM para samAna rUpa se jora dete the| ve mAnate the ki yadi tapa ke abhAva se sahanazIlatA kama haI to dUsaroM kI sukhavidhA kI Ahuti dekara apanI sukhasuvidhA bar3hAne kI lAlasA bar3hegI aura usakA pharsa yaha hogA ki saMghama na raha paayegaa| isI prakAra saMbana ke bhAva meM korA tapa bhI parAdhIna prANI para anicchA pUrvaka A par3e deha kaSTa kI taraha nirarthaka hai| jyoM-jyoM saMyama aura tapa kI utkaTatA se mahAvIra mAhiMsAtatva ke

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vikAdhika nikaTa pahuMce gaye takhoM-tyoM unakI mambIra zAnti bAle lii| jisake prabhAva se unhoMne rAmazeSa ko sarvathA kSaya kara kevalajJAna kI prApti kara sarvajJatva prApta kiyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna anekoM dharmapravartaka the unameM se 1. tathAgata gautama buddha, 2. pUrNakazyapa, 3. saMjaya belaThThiputta, 4. pakudhakaccAyana, 5. ajitakesa kambali aura 6. maMkhalI gozAlaka ke nAma milate haiN| (bhagavAna mahAvIra inake alAvA the)| usa samaya ke sarva dharma-pravartakoM se bhagavAn mahAbIra ke tapa-tyAgasaMyama tathA ahiMsA kI janatA ke mAnasa para bahuta gaharI chApa par3I thI, kyoMki unhoMne rAga-dveSa Adi malina vRttiyoM para pUrNa vijaya prApta kI thI, jisase ve vItarAga bane the| isa sAdhya kI siddhi jisa ahiMsA, jisa tapa yA jisa tyAga meM na ho sake vaha ahiMsA, tapa tathA tyAga kaisA hI kyoM na ho para AdhyAtmika dRSTi se anupayogI hai| ataH prabhu mahAvIra ne rAga dveSa kI vijaya para hI mukhyatayA bhAra diyA thA aura apane AcaraNa meM AtmasAta kara unhoMne apanI kAyA, vANI tathA mana para kAbU pAyA thA arthAta apane daihika aura mAnasika saba prakAra ke mamatva kA tyAga kara rAga-dveSa ko sarvathA jItane se samadRSTi bane the| isI dRSTi ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa jana dharma kA bAhya aura abhyantara, sthUla-sUkSma saba prakAra kA AcAra sAmyadRSTimUlaka, ahiMsA kI bhitti para hI nirmita huA hai| jisa AcAra ke dvArA ahiMsA ko rakSA aura puSTi na ho sake aise kisI mI AcAra ko jaina paramparA mAnya nahIM rkhtii| yadyapi anya saba dhArmika paramparAoM ne hiMsA tatva para nyanASika bhAra diyA hai, para jaina paramparA ne isa tasva para jitanA bhAra diyA hai aura use jitakA vyApaka banAyA hai, utanA bhAra aura utanI vyApakatA anya parvaparapasa meM lI nahIM mAsI / naparma ne manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kIDa, pataMga baura snamati hI nahIM kintu pAbhiva, alIma, mAdi sUkSmAtisUkSma jantuSoM tAnI hiMsA ke mAsmopAya kI bhAvanA mArA, nivRtta hone ke skihA hai|

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ahiMsA ke isa uparyukta vivecana se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Adarza ahiMsAmaya jIvana kA aura unake dvArA pradatta ahiMsA ke upadeza kA pUrA-pUrA paricaya mila jAtA hai| kevala bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hI nahIM parantu saba jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne prANivadha evaM mAMsAhAra kA virodha apane apane samaya meM kiyA thaa| eka samaya thA jaba ki kevala kSatriyoM meM hI nahIM para sabhI vargoM meM mAMsa khAne kI prAyaH prathA hogii| usa yuga meM yaduvaMzIya nemikumAra ne eka adbhuta kadama utthaayaa| unhoMne apanI zAdI para bhojana ke vAste katala kiye jAne vAle pazu-pakSiyoM kI Arta mUka vANI se sahasA pighala kara nizcaya kiyA ki ve aisI zAdI na kareMge jisameM pazu pakSiyoM kA vadha hotA hai| usa gaMbhIra nizcaya ke sAtha ve sabako sunI anasunI karake bArAta se zIghra vApisa lauTa aaye| dvArakA se sIdha giranAra parvata para jAkara unhoMne tapasyA kii| bhara javAnI meM unhoMne sAMsArika sukhabhogo kI paravAha na karate hue rAjaputrI, rAjImatI ko tyAgakara aura dhyAna-tapasyA kA mArga apanA kara cirapracalita pazu-pakSIvadha kI prathA para itanA sakhta prahAra kiyA ki gujarAta bhara meM tathA usake prabhAva vAle dUsare prAnto meM bhI yaha prathA sadA ke liye samApta ho gii| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne bhI jIvahiMsA ke virodha karane ke kAraNa mahAn upasarga she| durvAsA jaise sahaja kopI kamaTha nAmaka tApasa tathA unake anuyAyiyoM kI nArAjagI kA khatarA uThA kara bhI eka jalate sA~pa ko gIlI lakar3I se bacAne kA prayatna kiyA / dIrghatapasvI mahAvIra ne bhI sthAna-sthAna para tathA samaya-samaya para apanI ahiMsaka vRtti kA apane jIvana meM aneka bAra paricaya diyaa| 1. jaba jaMgala meM ve dhyAnastha khar3e the eka pracaNDa viSadhara (caNDakauzika) ne unheM Dasa liyA, usa samaya ve na kevala dhyAna meM acala hI rahe parantu unhoMne maitrI bhAvanA kA usa viSadhara para prayoga kiyA jisase vaha sadA ke liye vara

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( 39 ) hone vAlI hiMsA ko rokane kA bharasaka prayatna to ve Ajanma karate hI rahe / isIliye to unhoMne ahisA ko jaina zramaNoM tathA jaina zrAvakoM ke vratoM meM sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai: " tatthimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyaM / ahiMsA niuNA viTThA, savvabhaesa saMjamo // (da0 a0 6 gA0 9) evaM khu NANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsaI kaMcanaM / ahiMsA samayaM ceba, etAvaMtaM vijAniyA // " (sU0 bhu0 1 a0 11 gA0 10 ) arthAt ahisA ko prabhu mahAvIra ne ( sAdhu aura zrAvaka ke vratoM meM ) sarvaprathama rakhA hai| ahiMsA ko unhoMne kalyANakArI hI dekhA hai / sarva jIvoM ke prati saMyamapUrNa jIvanavyavahAra hI uttama ahiMsA hai / jJAniyoM ke vacanoM kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kI jAe / ahiMsA ke dvArA prANiyoM para samabhAva ho dharma samajhanA cAhiye / sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina tIrthakara ahiMsA kI surakSA ke liye Ajanma ffee rahe aura aneka kaThinAiyoM ke bIca bhI inhoMne apane AdarzoM dvArA vizva ko maMtrI tathA karuNA kA pATha par3hAyA hai| unake aise hI AdarzoM se jaina saMskRti utprANita hotI AyI hai aura aneka kaThinAiyoM ke bIca bhI usane apane AdarzoM ke hRdaya ko kisI na kisI taraha saMbhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jo bhArata ke dhArmika, sAmAjika aura rAjakIya itihAsa meM jIvita hai /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAMsAhAra sambandhI vicAra 1-karuNA ke pratyakSa avatAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAMsAhAra ko duvyasanoM meM mAnA hai aura ise naraka kA kAraNa bhI batalAyA hai| jainAgama sthAnAMga sUtra ke cauthe sthAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM ki cAra kAraNa se prANI naraka meM jAtA hai-(1) mahArambha se, (2) mahAparigraha rakhane se; (3) paMcendriya jIvoM kA vadha karane se, (4) mAMsa bhakSaNa karane se / paMcamAMga bhagabatI mUtra, uvavAI sUtra tathA sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI isI prakAra kA varNana hai: vaha sUtra pATha isa prakAra hai .-- "bauhi ThANe hi jIvA ratiyattAe kammaM pakarati taM jahA:mahAraMbhatAte, mahApariggahayAte paMcidiyavahaga kuNimAhAreNa // " (gaNAMga sUtra DA0 4) 2-jaina sAhitya meM ghAtaka (kasAI-hiMsaka) kinheM kahanA cAhie usakA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai : "anumantA, vizasitA, nihantA, kry-vikryo| saMskartA, bopahartA ca khAdakAzceti dhAtakAH // " arthAta 1-mArane kI salAha dene vAlA, 2---prANiyoM ke zarIra ko kATane vAlA, 3-mArane vAlA, 4--mAMsa mola lene vAlA, 5-mAMsa

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becane vAlA, --mAMsa pakAne vAlA, 7-mAMsa parosane vAlA, 8-tamA mAMsa sAne vAlA ye saba pAtaka (kasAI-hiMsaka) haiN| 3--bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAMsAhAra, madirA bora abhaya pAryoM kA AhAra kitanA pApa mUlaka batalAyA hai isake viSaya meM jainAgama sUtrakRttAMga meM varNana hai : "jo loga madirA, mAMsa Adi abhakSya padArthoM kA AhAra karate haiM ve cAhe mala-mala kara snAna kareM, cAhe namaka Adi svAdu padArthoM kA tyAga kara deM unheM kabhI mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, ve to anartha ke karane vAle haiN|" sUtra pATha yaha hai :---- ''pAmosiNANAdisu gasthi mokkho, sArassa loNastra aNAsaeNaM / te majjamaMja lasuNaM ca bhoccA, anatya vAsa parikappayaMti // 13 // (sUtrakRtApa zrutaskandha 1 adhyayana 5) 4--zarAbI aura mAMsAhArI ko kitanI ghora yAtanAeM naraka gati meM bhoganI par3atI haiM isakA bhI vistRta varNana jainAgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| 5-AcArAMga sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM ki "jana bhikSu ko yadi kahIM mAMsa machalI athavA usako khAla kATe Adi hone kA patA laga jAve to vaha vahAM na jaae| kisI prANI, kisI bhUta, kisI jIva, kisI satva ko na mAranA cAhie. na satAnA cAhie, va kaSTa pahuMcAnA sAhie, sahI dharma zuddha hai| 6-sUtrakRtAMga meM pharamAte haiM ki jana sAdhu mAMsa-madirA kA tyAma kre| jo mAMsa madirA kA sevana karate haiM ve bajAnatA se pApa karate haiM, unakA mana anavina hai aura bacana bhI jhUma hai (sUpakkalA~ga a0-2)| 7-uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM madirA pAna, mAMsa bhakSaNa tathA durAcaraNa Adi se nArasI sI sAdhu kA banA hotA hai| hiMsaka yA karane vAle, jhUTha bolane vAle, bApaDI, kugalakhora, aba sathA mA~sa-madirA prakSI jo

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( 42 ) hote haiM ve samajhate haiM ki yahI jIvana kA Ananda hai, parantu dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jise mA~sa athavA mAMsa kA Tukar3A priya hai vaha bhI usI prakAra pakAyA va khAyA jaaegaa| 8 - anuyogadvAra sUtra meM : - jisa prakAra tujhe duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA, usI prakAra kisI jIva ko bhI duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA / yaha jAna kara jo na svayaM kisI ko mAratA hai aura na mArane ko preraNA hI karatA hai, sabhI ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI zramaNa hai / 9 - dazarvakAlika sUtra meM zarAba chor3a de, mA~sa chor3a de, vikRti ( rasa- puSTa ) bhojana kA tyAga kr| bAra-bAra kAyotsarga ( dhyAna ) tathA svAdhyAya yoga meM lIna ho jA / 10 -- jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki vaha kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kare / ahisA kA siddhAnta hI sarvopari hai-- mAtra itanA hI vijJAna hai / sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI bhI nahIM cAhatA / sIlie nigraMtha ( jaina muni) ghora prANivadha kA sarvathA tyAga kare / 11 - jo auSadha meM mA~sa khilAve yA sammati de vaha naraka meM jAtA hai / 12 -- mA~sa durgandha vAlA hai, vIbhatma hai, zarIra ke maloM se banA huA hai, apavitra hai aura naraka meM le jAne vAlA hai / ataH tyAjya hai / 13 - mA~sa meM kSaNa bhara meM hI ananta sUkSma kITANuoM kA janma aura vinAza hotA hai / vaha naraka ke mArga meM le jAne vAlA bhojana hai| kauna buddhimAna aise mAMsa ko khA sakatA hai 2 14 -- mA~sa kaccA ho yA pakAyA huA usake pratyeka Tukar3e meM nirvAdha rUpa se nigoda ke jIva utpanna hote haiM / 15 - AcArya ratnazekhara sUri-saMbodha saptatikA meM spaSTa likhate haiM :- ki Agama meM mA~sa madirA Adi ko jIvoM kA utpatti sthAna batalAyA hai| "AmAsu ya pavakAsu ya vipaccamANAsu maMsapesIsu / AyaMtiamuvAo bhaniyo u NigoajIvANaM // 1 //

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maje mammi uppaNvaMti ( 43 ) maMsammi navaNIyami caDatyae . jaMtuNo // 2 // anaMtA tavvaNNA tatya (zloka 66, 67) partijo 7 arthAt " kacce pakke aura agni meM pakAye hue mAMsa kI pratyeka arasthA meM ananta nigoda jIvoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai| madirA, madhu, mAMsa aura makkhana meM madya, madhu, mA~sa aura makkhana ke raMga ke ananta jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai / " isa prakAra mAMsa Adi khAne se ananta jIvoM kA nAza hotA hai ataeva inakA sevana karanA dojapUrNa hai / 16 --- Aja ke vijJAna ne bhI isa bAta ko spaSTa siddha kara diyA hai ki mAMsa anaginata jIva kITANuoM kA puMja hai aura usameM pratikSaNa kRmi samAna jIva utpanna hote rahate haiM / 17- bhagavAna mahAvIra AcArAMga sUtra meM pharamAte haiM :--- se bemi - je aIyA je ya par3anA, je ya AgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMto te savve evamAikvaMti evaM bhAsaMti, evaM parNAvati, evaM paviti savve pANA, savve bhUyA, sabve jIvA, savve sattA, na haMtabbA, na ajjAveroat, na paridhitavvA, na pariyAveyavvA, na uddaveyabvA / esadhammaM suddha liie, sAsae, samicca loyaM khayaNNAha paveie taM jahA -- uTThie su vA aNuTThiesu vA urvATThiesa vA aNuvaTThiesuvA, uvaravaMDe vA, aNuvarayavaMDe vA, sobahiesu vA, agobahiesu vA, sajogaesu vA, asajogaesu vA, tacca ceyaM, tahA ceyaM alsa ceyaM pavuccaI / ( AcArAMge) bhAvArtha :--- ve (bhagavAn mahAvIra ) kahate haiM ki bhUtakAla meM jo tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiM, aba jo vidyamAna haiM aura jo anAgata kAla meM hoMge; ve saba isa taraha kahate haiM, bolate haiM, dUsaroM ko samajhAte haiM tathA prarUpaNA karate haiM- kisI bhI prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satvoM ko nahIM mAranA caahie| unapara zAsana ( dabAva) nahIM DAlanA cAhie, unha dAsa kI taraha adhikAra meM nahIM rakhanA caahie| unheM kisI prakAra kA saMtApa nahIM denA caahie| tathA unake prANoM ko nahIM lUTanA cAhie / yahI dharma zuddha hai, nitya hai,

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( 4 ) zAzvata hai| kAra ke kuHkhoM ko jAnane kAle arihaMta-bhagavaMtoM ye saMyama meM ucata aura anucata, upasthita aura anupasthita, muniyoM aura gRhasthoM, rAmiyoM aura mAgiyoM, bhogiyoM aura yogiyoM ko samabhAva meM yaha upadeza diyA hai| yahI eka satya hai, yahI sabArUpa hai aura aisA dharma isa ninthapravacana meM hI kahA hai| tIrthakara bhagavantoM ne mAMsa ke samAna aNDe khAne kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai kyoMki yaha trasa jIva kA kalevara hai| jisa prakAra mAMsa machalI madirA Adi abhakSya hone se jainAgamoM meM unake bhakSaNa kA sarvathA niSedha hai usI prakAra aNDA bhI sacisa (vasa jIva vAlA) hone se abhakSya hai / janAgamoM meM kahA hai : "se bemi, sati meM tasA pANAtaM jahA-aMDayA, potabA, jarAuyA sayA saMseyayA, samucchimA abhivayA, uvavAtiyA esa saMsAre ti pazyati masta adhijaannto| (mA0 a0 1 u0 6) bhagavAn pharamAte hai ki isa saMsAra meM ATha prakAra ke trasa jIva hote haiM jaise ki :--'aNDaja, 2potaja, jarAyuja, 4 rasaja, pasaMsvebraja, saMsurchina, udamijjaka aura aupapAtika / __ isa pAka se spaSTa hai ki kucha trasa jIva aNDe se utpanna hote haiM isalie maNDA bhI sajIva siddha ho jAtA hai| Aja ke vijJAna kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki apaDA garbha se nikalate samaya nirjIva hotA hai| mAdA jaba upara baiThakara use setI hai to sarmI ke dvArA usameM jIva utpanna ho jAtA hai| vijJAna kI baha yukti ucita pratIta nahIM hotii| mAdA ke aNDe para baiThane se aura garmI pahuMcAne se yadi apane meM jIva utpanna hotA hai to eka ATe kI molI aNDe jaisI banAkara mAvA ke nIce rakhane se khUba marmI pahuMcAne para usameM se baccA nikalanA cAhiye kyoMki yadi sete samaya garSI pahuMcAne ke hI anya meM se baccA nikAlA

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haitI mATe kI golI meM se bhI avazya nikalanA cAhie parantu aisA nahIM hotA kyoMki mATe kI golI meM pahale jIva nahIM hotaa| aNDA garbha meM banatA hai baura jIva bhI garbha meM paidA hotA hai| bAhara Akara kevala paripakva hotA hai aura pUrNa hotA hai| yahAM yaha bAta samajha lenI cAhie ki aNDe bhI yo prakAra ke hote haiM 'marmaja, sammUchina / murgI bAdi ke baNDe garbha meM utpanna hai isalie acche se nikalane vAle jIva ko dvija kahate haiN| vija kA artha hai do bAra janma lenaa| eka janma garbha meM Akara aNDe ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai dUsarA aNDe ke garbha se bAhara jAne ke pazcAt usa meM se bacce ke rUpa meM nikalanA dUsarA janma hai / isa prakAra aNDA sajIva siddha hotA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki garbhaja aNDA do prakAra kA hotA hai(1)lisa aNDe maiM se baccA bana kara nikalatA hai (2) jisa aNDe meM se baccA bama kara nahIM nikltaa| ata: ve kahate haiM ki jisa baMDe meM se baccI bana kara nikalatA hai usameM jIvanI zakti hai aura jisameM se baccI baina kara nahIM nikalatA usameM jIvanI zakti nahIM hai parantu unakI yaha dhAraNA bhI ThIka pratIta nahIM hotI / vAstava meM donoM meM jIvanI zakti hai| jisa prakAra baMdhyA strI meM mamama kriyA nahIM hotI isakI artha yaha nahIM ki usakI yoni mirjIva hai arthAt usakI voni sajIva hone para bhI usameM bainana kriyA kA babhAva hai aura avaghyA strI meM janana sakti hone para janana kriyA hotI hai vaise hI baMdhyA aNDoM meM seba nikalate haiM aura vaMdhyA aNDoM meM se bacce nahIM nikalate / ataH baje bAdi kA bhakSaNa bhI ucita nahIM hai isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra vApi sabhI tIrthakaroM ne boM ko bhI amakya mAna kara isakA prayoga ucita nahIM mAnA bAra isIlie jaina-ahiMsaka loga mAja bhI aNDe kA prayoga nahIM krte| nAgana-vipAka sUtra ke tIsare madhyayana "bhabhamasena" meM varNana ki eka bAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya ziSya lAgi nauvana gaNapara

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( 46 ) mikSA ke lie nikle| unhoMne mArga meM kisI aparAdhI ko dekhA, jise rAjapuruSoM ne gherA huA thaa| use burI taraha pITA jA rahA thaa| use usI kA mAMsa kATa-kATa kara khilAyA jA rahA thA / usa kI durdazA ko dekhakara indrabhUti gautama karma-phala kA vicAra karane lage aura unakA hRdaya karuNA se dravita hogayA / vApisa lauTa kara unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA, bhante ! "jisa aparAdhI ko maine rAjapatha para dekhA hai vaha apane pahale janma meM kauna thA ! usane apane pichale janma meM kyA bure karma kiye the jisase usakI yaha durdazA ho rahI hai ?" bhagavAn bole - " gautama ! yaha apane pUrva janma me aNDoM kA vyApArI thaa| svayaM bhI mAMsa- aNDe Adi bhakSaNa karatA thA isakA nAma nika thA aura aNDoM ke vyApAra ke kAraNa yaha nihnaka aNDa baniye ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thA / usane isa kAma ke lie naukara rakhe hue the, jo moranI murgI, kabUtarI Adi ke aNDe kharIda kara lAte aura bAjAra meM jAkara becA karate the| vaha svayaM bhI aNDoM ko bhUnatA, talatA aura khAtA thaa| zarAba pIkara naze meM cUra rahatA thaa| bhagavAn bole- he gautama! yaha itanA pApI thA jisake phalasvarUpa apane jIvana ke dina pUre kara vaha tIsarI naraka meM jAkara paidA huaa| vahA~ dAruNa du.kha bhoga kara yahAM vijaya cora ke ghara janmA hai / isa janma meM bhI apane kiye kA phala bhoga rahA hai / ina uparyukta uddharaNoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Adarza ahiMsAmaya jIvana kA aura unake dvArA pradatta ahiMsA ke upadeza kA pUrA-pUrA paricaya mila jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ina vicAroM ko svayaM apane AcaraNa meM utArA aura phira mAnava samAja ko prANI mAtra kI ahiMsA kA apanI vANI aura karaNI dvArA prabhAvotpAdaka upadeza diyaa| isI ke pariNAma svarUpa Aja bhI jaina ahiMsA vizva meM alaukika sthAna rakhatI hai|

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( 47 ) tathA yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki mA~sa, aNDe, matsya, madirA Adi abhakSya 'padArthoM ke bhakSaNa karane se na to mokSa kI prApti hI ho sakatI hai aura -na hI jIva sadgati prApta kara sakatA hai| yaha to mahAn anarthakArI hai, bahuta doSoM vAlA hai, ise khAne vAlA vyakti mara kara naraka meM -nArako kA janma lekara ghora yAtanAoM ko bhogatA hai /

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jaina mAMsAhAra se sarvathA alipta isa upayukta vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa-sarvadarzI the| unake AcAra aura vicAra yahA~ taka pavitra the ki jaba ve ajIva padArthoM kA bhI istemAla (upayoga) karate the to isa bAta kI pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhate the-"mere dvArA kisI choTe se choTe prANI ko bhI kaSTa na phuNce|" isa vizvavibhUti ne jagata ke prANiyoM ko jisa ahiMsA ke mahAn pavitra siddhAnta kA upadeza diyA thA usakA AcaraNa unake roma-roma meM thaa| arthAt jo kucha ve jagata ke prANiyoM ko AcaraNa karane ke liye upadeza dete the usako ve svayaM bhI pAlana karate the| unake roma-roma aura zabda-zabda se vizva ke pratyeka prANI ke prati vAtsalya bhAva pragaTa hotA thaa| unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kara lene ke bAda sarvaprathama yahI upadeza diyA thA-"mA haNa-mA haNa (mata mAro-mata mAro)" arthAt kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata karo aura isI upadeza ke anusAra hI jo unake dharma-mArga ko svIkAra karatA thA, use ve sarvaprathama jIva-hiMsA kA tyAga rUpa "prANAtipAta viramaNa vata" dhAraNa karAte the| phira vaha cAhe zramaNa ho athavA zrAvaka / isa kA vivecana hama pahale kara Aye haiN| __ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ke viSaya meM bhArata ke mahAn dhArAzAstrI sara allAr3I kRSNA svAmI ayyara ne eka tArkika dalIla dI thii| unhoMne kahA thA ki maiM dhArA zAstra kA abhyAsI hone se dhArmika tattvajJAna meM vizeSa adhyayana kA lAbha nahIM

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( 49 ) parantu Logically (tArkika DhaMga se) kahanA par3atA hai ki mRga aura gAya Adi prANI jo tRNa bhakSaNa se apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM ve yadi mAMsa bhakSaNa ke vimukha baneM to usameM vizeSatA hI kyA hai ? tattva to vahA~ hai ki siMha kA baccA mAMsa kA virodha kre| yAnI unake kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dhana-sonA, Rddhi-siddhi aura aizvarya ke jhUle meM jhUlA huA aura khUnI saMskRti se bhare hue kSatriya kula ke vAtAvaraNa meM camakatI huI talavAra ke teja meM tallIna hotA huA bAlaka, kula paramparA kI kula devI samAna khUnI khaMjara ke viruddha mahAn Andolana karane ke liye sArI Rddhi-siddhi aura sampatti ko miTTI ke samAna mAna kara aura bhoga ko roga tulya samajha kara yoga kI bhUmikA meM khUnI vAtAvaraNa ko zAntimaya aura ahiMsaka banAne ke lie vanakhaNDa aura parvatoM kI kaMdarAoM meM nispRhI bana kara jJAtaputra vardhamAna (mahAvIra ) sArA jIvana vyatIta kare / mAtra dinoM taka hI nahIM kintu mahInoM evaM varSo taka bhapati dIrgha tapasvI bana kara bhaTakatA phire / sADhe bAraha varSa kI ghora saMyama yAtrA meM aMguliyoM para gine jAne vAle nAma mAtra ke dinoM meM pAraNe rUkhe-sUkhe Tukar3oM se kare aura sArA ahiMsA ke Adarza siddhAnta ke pAlana karane aura karAne meM nimagna rahe / saMyama kI sarvotkRSTa sAdhanA karane meM tIvrAtitIvra tapa kI jvAlAoM se apanI AtmA ko kaMcana samAna nirdoSa banAne meM tallIna rahe / una kI isa ghora tapasyA-saMyama Adi amUlya jIvana-yAtrA ke parde meM bar3A bhArI rahasya thA ki jisa meM mAtra mAnava samAja hI kA nahIM, parantu prANI mAtra ke parama zreya kA lakSya thA / mujha to yaha tArkika anumAna bar3A hI sundara pratIta hotA hai / dayA ke paramparAgata saMskAroM vAle kula meM janma lene vAlA vyakti dayA kA pAlana kare aura usakI puSTi ke liye bAteM kare yaha to svAbhAvika hai tathA bhoga sAmagrI ke abhAva meM vairAgya ke vAtAvaraNa kA asara anekoM para honA saMbhava hai kintu rAjakula kI Rddhi aura aizvayaM ke sAgara meM se

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( 50 ) bAhara kUda kara tyAga bhUmi para Ane vAle to koI alaukika vyakti hI naz2ara Ate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo upasarga tathA pariSaha sahana kiye unakA varNana karate hue hRdaya kA~pa uThatA hai / dhanya hai usa mahAprabhu mahAvIra ko jina ke hRdaya meM mitroM ke zreya ke samAna hI zatruoM ke zreya kA bhI sthAna thA / jainAgamo meM kahA hai ki ve mAtra kSamA meM hI vIra na the kintu dAnavIra dayAvIra, zIlavIra, tyAgavIra, tapovIra, dharmavIra, karmavIra aura jJAnavIra Adi sarva guNoM meM vIra ziromaNi hone me unakA vardhamAna nAma gauna hokara mahAvIra nAma vikhyAta huA / bhagavAna ne kahA kisI deza rASTra aura jagata ko jIta kara vaza meM karane vAlA saccA vijetA nahIM, kintu jisa ne apanI AtmA ko jItA hai ( self conqueror) vahI saccA vijetA hai / unakA darzAyA huA ahiMsAbAda, karmavAda, tattvavAda, syAdvAda, sRSTivAda, AtmavAda, paramANuvAda, aura vijJAnavAda ityAdi tyeka viSaya itanA vizAla aura gambhIra hai jinakA abhyAsa karane se unakI sarvajJatA spaSTa siddha hotI hai / unhoMne sarvasAdhAraNa janatA ko mAnava saMskRti vijJAna (Scicnce of Human culture ) ke vikAza kI parAkASThA para pahuMcane ke liye mukti mahAtIrtha kA rAjamArga ( Royal road) samyagdarzana samyagjJAna, aura samyak cAritra (Right faith, Right knowledge and Right conduct ) rUpa apUrva sAdhana dvArA paddhatisara darzAyA / isaliye ve tIrthaMkara kahalAye / saMsAra meM tIrthaMkara pada sarvotkRSTa, sarvopari aura sarvapUjya hone ke kAraNa usa kAla meM bauddhadharmAdi bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ke saMsthApaka aura saMcAlaka apane Apako tIrthaMkara kahalAne meM utsukatA pUrvaka pratisparddhA kI daur3adhUma macA rahe the / arthAt usa samaya mata pratisparddhA (Religious (rivalry ) kI hor3A - hor3a maca rahI thii| jaise ki Aja sattA aura prasiddhi

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( 51 ) (Power and popularity ) prApta karane ke liye hor3a maca rahI hai / parantu kahAvata hai ki "All that glitters is not gold ) ( pratyeka camakane vAlI vastu sonA nahIM hotI ) / isa ukti ke anusAra zruti yukti aura anubhUti dvArA sujJa aura vijJajana ( People of Culture and common sense ) ke liye yaha samajhanA koI kaThina bAta nahIM hai ki tIrthakara hone ke liye jisa yogyatA kA honA Avazyaka hai vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sivAya unake samakAlIna anya kisI bhI meM pravartaka meM nahI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama pavitra pravacana kA AdhAra manaHkalpanA aura anumAna kI bhUmikA para to thA hI nhiiN| unakA tattvajJAna vAstavikatA para avalambita hai| aisA kahanA koI atyukti na hogI ki unakA padArtha - vijJAna aura paramANuvAda Adhunika vijJAna ke ( Atomic and moleculer~~~theories) aNuvAda kI mAnyatA se to kyA parantu DAkTara ensTIna, eDiMgaTana, spensara, DelTana aura nyUTana kI ( theories ) mAnyatAoM ko bhI mAta karatA hai| bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya aneka vidvAnoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai / jarmana vidvAna DA0 harmana jekobI kahate haiM ki :-- In conclusion let me assert my conviction that Jainism is an original system, quite distinct from and independent of all others, and that, therefore it is of great importance for the study of philosophical thought and religious life in India. arthAt - aMta meM mujhe apanA nizcita vicAra pragaTa karane do, maiM kahUMgA ki jainadharma ke siddhAnta mUla siddhAnta haiM / vahu dharma svatantra aura anya dharmoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| prAcIna bhAratavarSa ke tattvajJAna kA aura dhArmika jIvana kA abhyAsa karane ke liye yaha bahuta uttama hai / aise sarvocca AcaraNa tathA upadeza karane vAle mahAn tattvajJAnI,

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( 52 ) karuNA ke pratyakSa avatAra, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM mAMsAhAra kaise kara sakate the ? kadApi nahIM kara sakate the / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki anya mAMsa-matsyabhakSI bauddha, vaidika Adi dharmoM ke samAna jainadharma bhArata kI sImAoM ko na lAMgha sakA / isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki yaha matsya- mAMsAdi abhakSya bhakSaNa kA sadA se niSedha karatA AyA hai / isIliye mAMsAhArI dezoM meM isakA prasAra na ho pAyA / isa uparyukta vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki na to bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi jaina tIrthakara athavA nirgratha zramaNa mAMsAhAra grahaNa kara sakate haiM aura na hI zramaNopAsaka gRhastha (zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM) kokhA athavA pakA sakate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna jaina samAja bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI hai tathA ve sarAkAdi jAtiyA~ bhI jo saikar3oM varSoM se jainadharma ko bhUla cukI haiM unake Upara bhI Aja paryanta jaina tIrthakaroM kI ahisA kI itanI gaharI chApa hai ki ve Aja bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI rahe hai / mAtra itanA hI nahIM kintu jo loga jaina samAja meM hote hue kisI bhI prakAra kA vrata grahaNa nahI karate ve bhI matsya- mAMsa jaise abhakSya padArtho kA sevana nahI karate / tathAgata gautamabuddha, bauddhabhikSu tathA bauddhagRhastha khulamakhulA mAMsAhAra karate the isI kA pariNAma hai ki Aja bhI sArA bauddha jagat sarva bhakSI hai / zrI dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne "bhagavAn buddha" nAmaka pustaka meM jina jaina sUtroM ko lekara yaha siddha karane kI hAsyAspada ceSTA kI hai ki "bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyI zramaNa mAMsAhAra karate the" / unake kie hue artha ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA tathA upadezoM ( AcAra-vicAra ) se bilakula mela nahIM khaataa| isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki unake dvArA kiyA huA ina sUtroM kA artha ThIka nahI hai parantu ina kA dUsarA hI artha honA cAhiye / vAstava meM bAta yaha hai ki adhyApaka kauzAmbI bauddha darzana ke vidvAna

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( 53 ) the isaliye tathAgata buddha ke prati unheM agAdha zraddhA honA svAbhAvika thA / unhoMne apanI pustaka "bhagavAn buddha" meM yaha bAta siddha karane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA ki gautama buddha mAMsAhArI nahIM the| yaha bhI ullekha kiyA ki usa samaya jainAdi una para mAMsAhAra kA AkSepa bhI kiyA karate the / parantu jaba kauzAmbI jI tathAgata buddha aura usake bhikSu saMgha ko nirAmiSa bhojI siddha karane meM asamartha rahe taba unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake zramaNa saMgha para bhI mAMsAhAra kA doSa lagAne kI ceSTA kI / nAgamoM ke sUtrapAThoM kA viparItArtha kara isa bAta ko siddha karane kI jo unhoMne anAdhikAra ceSTA ko hai usake viSaya meM hama Age cala kara vivecana kareMge / hamArI dhAraNA hai ki unheM isa bAta kI cintA thI ki tathAgata gautama buddha evaM unake bhikSu mAMsAhArI hone se jaina tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra, unake nirgrantha zramaNoM, vratadhArI zrAvakoM tathA avrati gRhasthoM se bhI kahIM hIna na gine jAveM, isalie unhoMne nirgrantha paramparA para aisI anucita AkSepa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| eka aMgreja lekhaka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki "zArIrika santAna (putra-putrI Adi) se bhI mAnasika santAna (apane vicAroM) para manuSya ko adhika prema hotA hai|" apane abhiprAya para ayogya anurAga, ekAnta Agraha manuSya ko satya kI pahicAna karane meM bar3I bAdhA utpanna karate haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki kauzAmbI jI ne tathAgata gautamabuddha ke mAMsAhAra ke doSa ko DhAMkane ke liye hI yaha asaphala prayatna kiyA hai / buddha ne kevala ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA thA parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko mUla siddhAnta kA darjA dekara cAritra vrata meM sarvaprathama sammilita kiyA / bauddha mata kI ahiMsA thothA upadeza bana kara hI raha gayI / kyoMki tathAgata gautama buddha use apane AcAra aura vyavahAra meM na utAra ske| yadi unhoMne apane AcAra aura vyavahAra meM utArA hotA to bauddha jagat kadApi mAMsAhArI na hotA / isa se spaSTa hai ki vaha ahiMsA dharma ke marma ko samajha hI na pAye / bhagavAn mahAvIra me apane

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( 54 ) 'AcaraNa aura upadeza se jagata ke sAmane ahiMsA kA itanA sundara 'svarUpa rakhA ki Aja bhI jaina samAja pUrvavata kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI hai| 'unhoMne pharamAyA ki kisI ke asatitva ko na mittaao| jisa prakAra prANihiMsA durgati kA kAraNa hai usI prakAra mAMsa bhakSaNa bhI durgati kA kAraNa hai| Apa ne aise dharma ko dharma kahA jo saba prANiyoM kA rakSaka ho aura aise dharma ko nirvANa kA rAjamArga kahA / 1. pro0 DI0 sI0 zarmA apanI pustaka 'hinduiz2ama meM likhate haiM: 'Buddhism only teaches the doctrine of the sanctity of animal life, but Jainism not only taught it, but also put it into practice. A Buddhist may not kill or do injury to any creature himself, but apparently he is allowed to purchase meat from a butcher, A Jain on the other hand is bound to be a strict Vegetarian." arthAt -- buddha dharma kevala pazu ke jIvana kI rakSA kA hI upadeza detA hai / jaina dharma ne kevala upadeza hI nahIM diyA parantu upadeza ke sAtha AcaraNa me bhI utArA hai| eka bauddha kisI pazu kA svayaM vadha athavA hiMsA cAhe na kare parantu use niHsaMkoca kasAI kI dukAna se mAMsa kharIdane kI AjJA hai / dUsarI ora eka jaina nizcayarUpeNa dRr3ha zAkAhArI hai / mAMsa bhakSaNa se mAtra jaina hI alipta rahe haiN| pro0 e0 cakravartI ema0 likhate haiM ki :-- Meat eating, drinking wine and sexual intercourse, which are condemned by the Jains are accepted by the Kapalikas as a fundamental practice of their faith. 0 " tirukurala" pustaka pR0 30-31 meM The Buddhist rejected the authority of the Vedas, yet they did not give up meat eating. Buddhist bhikshus and the laymen, though they observed the principle of

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Ahimsa, were all meat eaters. They observed the principle of Non-violence only to this extent that they did not kill any animal with their own hands. They have no objection to purchase meat from the butchers so long as they do not themselves kill. Even while Gautama Buddha was alive, this practice was prevalent. This we learn from the Buddhist Scriptures. When that is the case with the Buddhist Bhikshus, the Buddhist laymen have no restriction in eating meat. If we are to mention a distinctive Characteristic of the Jairs, we have to say that it is their strict Vegetarian diet. This distinguishes the Jains from Others. From the Vedic Dharam Shastras of Manu, Bodhayana and the later law-makers belonging to Vedic schools, we notice the following, on the chapter Madhuparka, Bodham yana gives a list of 25 or 26 animals that are to be killed. Another prominent fact about the Dharma Shastras af Vedic school is the place given to agriculture in the scheme. Agriculture is considered to be the meanest profession and only the Sudras of the fourth Varna are fit to be engaged in this profession. It is beneath the dignity of the Doijas to engage themselves in agricultural occupation. Certainly the priests of the higher Varna cannot think of touching the plough. arthAt :-jina mAMsa bhakSaNa, madirApAna tathA vyabhicAra kA janoM ne nindya mAna kara tyAga kiyA thA, unheM kApAlikoM ne zraddhA se mUla siddhAnta rUpa se svIkAra kiyA thaa| yAnI unhoMne mAMsAhAra, madirApAna tathA vyabhicAra sevana ko dharma rUpa svIkAra kiyA thaa| bauddhoM ne vedoM ko to prAmANika nahIM mAnA kintu mAMsa bhakSaNa kA tyAga nahIM kiyaa| bauddha bhikSu tathA bauddha gRhastha ahiMsA ke siddhAnta

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( 56 ) ko svIkAra karate hue bhI mAMsAhArI the| ve ahiMsA ko isa rUpa se mAnate the ki pazuoM ko svayaM hatyA nahIM krnaa| parantu unheM kasAI ke vahAM se aisA mAMsa kharIdane meM koI Apatti nahIM thI, jise unhoMne svayaM na mArA ho ; bauddha graMthoM se hama aisA jAna sakate haiN| jaba tathAgata gautama buddha svaya vidyamAna the taba bhI yaha prathA pracalita thii| jaba bauddha bhikSu isa prakAra (be roka-Toka) mAMsAhAra karate the taba bauddha gRhasthoM ko bhI mAMsabhakSaNa kA koI pratibandha nahIM thaa| yadi bauddhoM se jainoM kI koI maulika vizeSatA khojane jAve to hameM yaha niHsaMdeha kahanA par3egA ki jaina kaTTara zAkAhArI haiM / __hama vaidika dharmAnuyAyI manu, bodhAyana tathA unake bAda ke vaidika siddhAnta nirmAtAoM ke dharmazAstroM meM se nIce likhe vicAra pAte haiM : madhuparka me bodhAyana ne 25 yA 26 aise pazuoM kI sUcI dI hai, jo ki (mAsAhAra ke liye) vadha karane yogya haiM / vaidika dharmazAstroM meM eka aura vizeSa bAta yaha bhI pAyI jAtI hai ki unhoMne khetI-bADI ko eka nikRSTa kArya mAna kara use cauthe varNa yAnI zUdroM ke karane ke yogya batalAyA hai| dvijoM ne khetI-bAr3I ke dhaMdhe ko svaya karanA apanI hInatA mAnA hai / mAtra itanA hI nahI parantu UMce varNoM ke dharmapracArako ne to hala ko chUne taka kA vicAra mAtra karanA bhI nitAnta anucita mAnA hai| ___ sArAza yaha hai ki vaidika dharmAnuyAyI mAMsabhakSaNa ko uttama mAnate the tathA khetI-bAr3I ko nikRSTa / jano ne mAMsa bhakSaNa ko eka dama tyAjya mAnA aura khetI-bAr3I ko jaina zramaNopAsakoM (zrAvakoM) ke liye tyAjya nahIM maanaa| upAsakadazAMga jainAgama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jina dasa zrAvakoM kA caritra citraNa kiyA gayA hai, unakA mukhya vyavasAya prAyaH khetI-bAr3I hI thaa|

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[ 9 ] tathAgata gautama buddha dvArA nigraMtha-cayoM meM mAMsa-bhakSaNa niSedha hama likha cuke hai ki buddha ke samaya meM saba se bar3e zramaNa saMgha cha: the| ina saba meM nirgranthoM (jainoM) kA nAma hI sarvaprathama AtA hai| ve rAjagRha meM athavA usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM meM adhika saMkhyA meM nivAsa karate the| __ gautama buddha saMsAra chor3akara nirvANa mArga jAnane ke liye yogiyoM ke ziSya bane / bauddha graMtha "lalitavistara" meM likhA hai ki bodhisattva (gautama buddha) pahale vaizAlI gaye aura vahAM AlAra kAlAma ke ziSya bane / ve yogI bar3e jJAnI the aura jAti ke brAhmaNa the| buddha ne unake pAsa se yoga kI bAteM sIkhI, tapa bhI kiyA, kintu usase unhe santoSa nahIM huA, taba buddha ne unheM chor3a diyaa| bauddha graMtha "majjhimanikAya" ke "mahAsiMhanAda sutta" meM buddha kI tapazcaryA kA varNana hai| unhoMne aneka prakAra kI tapazcaryAeM kI aura chodd'iiN| anta meM bodhisattva ne usa samaya ke zramaNa vyavahAra ke anusAra tIva tapazcaryA karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura prasiddha dhamaka nAyakoM kA tasvajJAna jAna lene ke uddezya se rAjagRha gye| vahAM saba zramaNa sampradAyoM meM nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM tapazcaryA dikhalAyI dene se unheM aisA lagA ki unheM bhI vaisI hI tapazcaryA karanI caahiye| isaliye "suttanipAta" ke "pavvajjA sutta" kI antima gAthA meM buddha svayaM kahate haiM ki aba maiM tapazcaryA ke liye jA rahA huuN| usa samaya rAjagRha ke cAroM ora jo pahAr3iyA~ haiM una para nigraMtha (jaina) zramaNa tapazcaryA karate

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the aisA ullekha jainAgamoM meM tathA bauddha piTakoM meM aneka sthaloM para milatA hai| nigraMtha saMpradAya ke aitihAsika niryAmaka teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jI the| inakA nirvANa buddha ke janma se pUrva 193 varSa meM huA thaa| unakI ziSyaparamparA ke nigraMthoM kA astitva usa samaya rAjagaha meM sarvAdhika thaa| tathAgata gautama buddha, niggaMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra) se prathama paMdA hue aura prathama hI parinirvANa prApta kiyA / yaha bAta aitihAsika dRSTi se aba siddha ho cukI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA gautama buddha samakAlIna the tathA una donoM ke apane-apane dharma-pracAra kA kSetra eka hI rhaa| kaI varSoM taka eka dUsare se mile binA ve donoM apaneapane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karate rhe| buddha ne nigraMthoM ke tapaHpradhAna AcAroM kI avalehanA kI hai, aisA varNana bauddha piTakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| parantu buddha ne khuda apanI buddhatvaprApti ke pahale kI tapazcaryA aura caryA kA jo varNana kiyA hai usake sAtha tatkAlIna nigraMtha AcAra kA jaba hama milAna karate haiM tathA kapilavastu ke nigraMtha zrAvaka "bappa zAkya", jo ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke nigraMtha zramaNoM kA upAsaka thA, usa kA nirdeza sAmane rakhate haiM (susa kI aTThakathA meM bappa ko gautama buddha kA cAcA kahA hai) evaM bauddha piTakoM me pAye jAne vAle khAsa AcAra aura tattva-jJAna sambandhI kucha pAribhASika zabda jo kevala niryatha pravacana meM hI pAye jAte haiM ina saba para vicAra karate haiM to aisA mAnane meM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki "tathAgata gautama buddha" ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA thA / adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne bhI apanI antima pustaka "pArzvanAthA cA cAturyAma dharma" (pRSTha 24, 26) meM aisI hI mAnyatA sUcita kI hai|

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( 59 ) gautama buddha "sAriputta" se kahate haiM ki "maiM batAtA hU~ ki merI tapasvitA ke sI thI': 1 "meM naMgA rahatA thA / laukika acAroM kA pAlana nahIM karatA thA / hathelI para bhikSA le kara khAtA thaa| agara koI kahatA ki 'madanta', idhara Aiye' to maiM nahIM sunatA thaa| baiThe hue sthAna para lA kara diye hue anna ko, apane lie taiyAra kiye hue ajha ko aura nimaMtraNa ko meM svIkAra nahIM karatA thaa| jisa bartana meM anna pakAyA gayA ho usI bartana meM agara vaha anna lAkara mujhe diyA jAtA to maiM use grahaNa nahIM karatA thaa| deharI yA DaNDe ke usa pAra raha kara dI gayI bhikSA ko meM nahIM letA thA / okhalI meM se agara koI khAne kA padArtha lA kara diyA jAtA to meM use grahaNa nahIM karatA thA / do vyakti bhojana kara rahe hoM aura una meM se eka uTha kara bhikSA de to meM use grahaNa nahIM karatA thA / garbhiNI, bacce ko stanapAna karAne vAlI yA puruSa ke sAtha ekAnta sevana karane vAlI strI se bhI maiM bhikSA nahIM letA thaa| mele yA tIrtha yAtrA meM taiyAra kiye gaye anna kI bhikSA meM nahIM letA thA / jahA~ kuttA khar3A ho yA makkhiyoM kI bhIr3a aura frofmanAhaTa ho vahAM bhikSA nahIM letA thA / matstha, mAMsa, surA Adi vastueM nahIM letA thA / eka hI ghara se mikSA lekara eka hI grAsa para meM rahatA thA / yA do gharoM se bhikSA le kara do grAsoM para rahatA thA aura isa prakAra sAta dina taka bar3hAte hue sAta gharoM se bhikSA le kara sAta grAsa khA kara meM raha jAtA thA / meM eka kalachA bhara anna bhI letA thA aura isa prakAra sAta dina taka sAta kalache anna le kara usa para nirvAha karatA thA / eka dina chor3a kara yAnI hara tIsare dina bhojana karatA thA / isa prakAra upavAsoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAte-bar3hAte saptAha meM eka bAra yA pakhavAr3e meM eka bAra bhojana kiyA karatA thA / "maiM bAr3hI mUcheM aura bAla ukhAr3a DAlatA thaa| meM khar3A raha kara tapasyA karatA thA akar3a baiTha kara tapasyA karatA thA / "aneka varSoM kI cUka se mere zarIra para mela kI parateM jama gayI thIM /

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( 60 ) jaise koI tinduka vRkSa kA tanA aneka varSoM kI dhUla se bhara jAtA hai, merI deha vaisI ho gayI thii| para mujhe aisA nahIM lagatA thA ki dhUla kI parateM meM svayaM jhAr3a lUM yA dUsarA koI vyakti mujhe hAtha se nikAla de / "meM bar3I sAvadhAnI se AtA jAtA thaa| pAnI kI bUMdoM para bhI merI tIvra dayA rahatI thI / aisI viSama avasthA meM phaMse hue sUkSma prANI kA bhI nAza mere hAthoM se na ho jAve isake lie meM bahuta sAvadhAnI rakhatA thaa| aisI merI jugupsA ( hiMsA ke prati aruci) thI / "maiM kisI bhayAvane jaMgala meM rahatA thA / jo koI sAMsArika prANI usa araNya meM praveza karatA, usake roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte the, vaha itanA bhayaMkara hotA thA / jAr3oM meM bhayAnaka himapAta hone ke samaya meM khulI jagaha meM rahatA thA aura dina meM jaMgala meM ghusa jAtA thaa| garmI ke mausama ke antima mahIne meM dina ke samaya khulI jagaha meM rahatA thA aura rAta ko jaMgala meM calA jAtA thA / " ( dha0 ko0 kRta bhagavAn buddha pRSTha 68-71 ) isa tapasyA ke bAre meM gautama buddha svayaM kahate haiM- "merA zarIra ( durbalatA kI ) carama sImA taka pahuMca gayA thaa| jaise assI varSa vAle kI gAMTheM, vaise hI mere aGga-pratyaGga ho gaye the / jaise UMTa ke paira kaise ho merA kUlhA ho gayA thA / jaise sUoM kI ( UMcI-nIcI) pAMtI vaise hI pITha ke kAMTe ho gaye the| jaise zAla kI purAnI kar3iyA~ Ter3hI-mer3hI ho jAtI hai, vaisI hI merI pAMsuliyAM ho gayI thIM / jaise gahare kueM meM tArA vaise hI merI A~kheM dikhAI detI thii| jaise kaccI tor3I huI kar3avI loMkI havA dhUpa me cucaka jAtI hai, murjhA jAtI hai, vaise hI mere sira kI khAla cucaka - mUrjhA gayI thI / usa anazana se mere pITha ke kA~Te aura paira kI khAla bilkula saTa gayI thI / yadi me pAkhAnA yA pezAba karane ke lie uThatA to vahIM baharA kara gira par3atA / jaba meM kAyA ko saharAte hue hAtha se gAtra ko masalatA to kAyA se saDI jar3a vAle roma jhar3a par3ate / manuSya kahate, zramaNa gautama kAlA hai, koI kahate ma~gura varNa hai / merA

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( 61 ) vaMsA parizuddha gaure camar3e kA raMga naSTa ho gayA thA / " ( vahI pR0 348) mujhe lagA ki :- " deha daMDana duHkhakArI hai, dhIra-vIroM ko zobhA dene lAyaka nahIM hai, anarthavAha hai ( dukkho anariyo anatya saMhito ) | aura maiMne sthUla AhAra grahaNa karanA prAraMbha kara diyA / " anta meM bodhisattva ke mana ne yaha nizcaya kiyA ki tapazcaryA bilakula nirarthaka hai | ataH tapazcaryA kA tyAga kara diyA / isa uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gautama buddha ne ghara se nikalane ke bAda 'AlAra kAlAma' Adi yogiyoM ke pAsa rahakara una ke haThayoga kI kriyAe~ sIkhoM tathA unakI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra tapa Adi bhI kiye, kintu jaba vaha vahA~ se Uba gaye to dUsare dharma sampradAya meM dIkSita hue| isa prakAra chaH sAta varSo taka aneka dharma saMpradAyoM meM dIkSita hokara chor3ate gaye / arthAt pUrva-pUrva guruoM kI caryA tathA tattva kA mArga chor3a kara apanI vicAradhArA se eka naye saMpradAya kI sthApanA kI / vaha saMpradAya Aja buddhadharma ke nAma se prasiddha hai / -0

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[ 10 ] bauddha-jaina saMvAda meM mAMsAhAra niSedha jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga ke dUsare zruta skandha ke chaThe adhyayana meM eka prasaMga AtA hai jo isa prakAra hai: zrama bhagavAn mahAvIra kA caturmAsa rAjagRha meM thA / caturmAsa ke bAda bhI bhagavAn rAjagRha meM dharmapracArArtha Thahare AzAtIta phala huA / usa satata pracAra kA eka bAra bhagavAn ke ziSya Ardrakamuni bhagavAn ko vandana karane ke lie guNazIla caitya meM jA rahe the| rAste meM unakA zAkyamuni ke bhikSa se isa prakAra vArtAlApa huaa| usa vArtAlApa meM jIvahiMsA aura mA~sAhAra sambandhI jainoM kA kyA siddhAnta hai, isakA bhI khulAsA Ardrakamuni ne kiyA hai jo ki isa prakAra hai :- nigraMtha Ardrakamuni ne zAkyamuni ke bhikSu se kahA ki --- 41 'jIvoM kI khule Ama hiMsA karanA sayatoM (muniyoM) ke lie sarvathA ayogya hai / jo aise kAmoM kA upadeza dete haiM aura jo use suna kara ucita samajhate haiM ve donoM anucita kAma karane vAle haiM / " mahAzaya ! isa siddhAnta se to tattvajJAna nahIM pA sakate, loka ko karAmalakavat pratyakSa nahIM kara sakate / bhikSujana ! jo zramaNa zuddha AhAra karate hai, jIvoM ke karmavipAkakI cintA karate hue AhAravidhi ke oSoM ko TAlate hai aura niSkapaTa vacana bolate haiM, ve hI saMyata haiM aura yahI saMyatoM kA dharma hai / "jinake hAtha lahU meM raMge haiM, aise asaMyata manuSya do hajAra bodhisattva (bauddha) bhikSuoM ko nitya bhojana karAte hue bhI yahA~ nindA ke pAtra

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banate haiM aura paraloka meM durgati ke adhikArI banate haiN| aura jo yaha kahate haiM ki bar3e bakare ko mArakara aura mirca-pIpara DAla kara taiyAra kiye hue mAMsa ke bhojana ke lie koI nimaMtraNa de to hama usa mAMsa ko khA sakate haiM aura usa meM hameM koI pApa nahIM lagatA, ve anAryadharmI aura rasalolupI haiN| bhojana karane vAle pApa ko na jAnate hue bhI pApa kA AcaraNa karate hai| jo kuzala puruSa hai ve mana se bhI aise AhAra kI icchA nahIM karate aura na hI aise mithyA vacana bolate haiN| "jaina muni saba jIvoM ko dayA kI khAtira pApa-doSa kA varjana karate hae doSa kI zaMkA se bhI aise AhAra ko grahaNa nahIM karate / saMsAra meM saMyatoM kA hI dharma hai| isa AhArazuddhi rUpa samAdhi aura zIla guNa ko prApta kara jo vairAgya bhAva se nirgrantha (jaina muni) dharma kA pAlana karate haiM, vahI tattvajJAnI muni isa loka meM kIrti prApta karate hai|" ___ uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki nirgrantha zramaNa sadA isa bAta kI sAvadhAnI rakhate haiM ki unake dvArA choTe-se-choTe kiTANu kI bhI hiMsA na ho / isIliye ve rAtri ko bhojana bhI nahIM karate yAnI sUryAsta ke bAda ve koI vastu khAte pIte nahIM / rAtri ko dIpaka bhI nahIM jalAte, isaliye ki usa para pataMgoM ke girane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ve uThate-baiThate, sote-jAgate, calate-phirate, khAte-pIte saba avasthAoM meM sadA isa bAta kI sAvadhAnI rakhate haiM ki kisI bhI prakAra se bar3e se lekara choTe-se-choTe jIvajantu kI bhI hiMsA na ho jaay| ve varSA Rtu meM grAmAntara nahIM jAte, eka hI nagara athavA grAma meM vAsa karate haiM, kyoMki isa Rtu meM asaMkhya sUkSma jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAne se grAmAntara jAne-Ane se hiMsA honA sambhava hai / ve cha. jIvanikAya ko yatna pUrvaka rakSA karate haiN| isI stambha meM nigranya muni AIka ke saMvAda meM yaha bhI spaSTa varNana hai ki unhoMne bauddha bhikSu ko mAMsAhAra meM doSa batalAte hue batalAyA hai prANyaMga mAsAhAra karane vAlA vyakti na to saMyamI hI bana sakatA hai aura

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na vaha jJAnavAn hI kahalA sakatA hai evaM na vaha svapara kA kalyANa hI kara sakatA hai| aisI avasthA meM mokSa kI prApti bhI kabhI nahIM ho sktii| nirgrantha zramaNa ke liye nava koTika (hiMsA karanA nahIM, karAnA nahIM aura karane vAle ko bhalA jAnanA nahIM / mana se nahI karanA, vacana se nahIM karanA aura kAyA se nahIM karanA ityaadi| isa prakAra 343=9 koTika) ahiMmA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ko vyavahAra meM lAne ke liye bAhya pravRtti ko vizeSa niyantrita kara jIvahiMsA tathA mAMsAhAra Adi kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai / nirgrantha zramaNoM kI caryA sadA me hI ugra calI A rahI hai aura unake tyAga, saMyama, tapa tathA ahimA kA svarUpa anupama evaM alaukika rahatA AyA hai| isalie usake cAritra kI gaharI chApa tatkAlIna janatA para par3anA svAbhAvika thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki nirgrantha zramaNoM kI caryA kA usa samaya ke mAnava samAja para bahuta bar3A prabhAva thA, jisase AkarSita hokara zAkya muni gautama buddha ne pApitya nirgrantha paramparA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI tathA unake tattvajJAna ko jaanaa| unhoMne apanI nirgranthacaryA meM praveza karane se pahale spaSTa likhA hai ki-"mai prasiddha zramaNa nAyakoM kA tattvajJAna jAna lene ke uddezya se rAjagRha jAtA huuN|" vahA~ jAkara nirgrantha dharma meM dIkSita hokara jisa caryA kA unhoMne AcaraNa kiyA hai usameM unhoMne isa bAta kA bhI spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki-"usa avasthA meM maiM matsya-mAMsa-madirA Adi kA sevana nahIM karatA thaa|" isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nirgrantha AcAra-vicAra meM prANyaMga matsya-mAMsAdi ke bhakSaNa kA sarvathA niSedha hai| uparyukta vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue agale khaNDa meM hama nimnalikhita muddoM para vicAra karege, jisase yaha bAta spaSTa phalita ho jAyagI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tathA jaina nimrantha zramaNoM kA mAMsAhAra karanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA, ataH ina sUtrapAThoM ke zabdoM kA sAmiSAhAra artha karanA nitAnta anucita hI hai /

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( 65 ) agale khaMDa meM nimnalikhita muddoM para vicAra kareMge :-- 1 - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke auSadha sevana vAle vivAdAspada sUtrapATha ke artha ke liye jaina vidvAnoM ke mata / 2 - bhagavAna mahAvIra ko isa auSadhadAna dene para digambara jainoM kA mata / 3 - jaina tIrthakara kA AcAra / 4- nirgrantha zramaNa kA AcAra / 5 - - nirgrantha zramaNopAsakoM (gRhasthoM) kA AcAra / - auSadha sevana karane vAle, lAne vAle tathA banAne vAloM ke jIvana / 7-- mAMsAhArI pradezoM meM rahane vAle janoM kA bhUtakAla tathA varttamAna kAla meM jIvanasaMskAra / 8- tIrthA tarikoM dvArA jainadharma sambandhI AlocanA me mAMsAhAra ke AkSepa kA abhAva / 9 - - tathAgata gautama buddha kA nirgrantha tapazcaryA karate samaya mAMsAhAra ko grahaNa na karane kA varNana / 10 -- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA roga aura usake nidAna ke liye yogya auSadha / 11 - vivAdAspada prakaraNa vAle pATha meM Ane vAle zabdoM ke vAstavika artha /

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dvitIya khaNDa niggaMTha nAyaputta zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra para mAMsAhAra ke prAkSepa kA nirAkaraNa

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[ 11 ] mahAzramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI para mAMsAhAra ke Aropa kA nirAkaraNa janoM ke pAMcaveM aMga zrI bhagavatIsUtra ke jisa pATha kA artha karate hue zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko mAMsAhArI siddha karane kI jo anucita ceSTA kI gayI hai usake viSaya meM isa vicitra kalpanA kA nirasana karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai, jisase pAThaka vAstavikatA ko samajha sake / bhagavatI sUtra ke pandrahave zataka meM gozAlaka kA varNana AtA hai / usakA saMkSipta sArAMza yaha hai :__ gozAlaka pahale bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ziSya thA aura bhagavAna ke sAtha laga-bhaga cha: varSoM taka rhaa| alaga hone ke bAda usane tejolezyA siddha ko tathA aSTAGga nimitta kA abhyAsa karake apane Apa ko sarvatra hone kI udghoSaNA kii| eka bAra vaha zrAvastI nagarI meM AyA aura vahA apane Apa ko sarvajJa rUpa meM prasiddha karane lgaa| janatA meM isa bAta kI carcA hone lgii| bAda me usI nagarI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI pdhaare| nagara nivAsiyoM ne gozAlaka kI sarvajJatA kI bAta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya ziSya zrI indrabhUti gautama svAmI se puuchii| gautama svAmI ne pramu mahAvIra se pUchA / taba prabhu ne gozAlaka kI sArI jIvanakathA kaha sunAyI tathA gozAlaka ne sarvajatva (jina pada) prApta nahIM kiyA yaha bhI khaa| gozAlaka kA yaha jIvanacaritra logoM meM carcA kA viSaya bana gyaa| yaha bAta gozAlaka ke kAnoM taka bhI pahuMcI taba vaha bahuta krodhita huaa| krodha se jalA bhunA eka bAra vaha prabhu mahAvIra svAmI

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( 70 ) ke pAsa AyA aura vahA~ apane vAstavika svarUpa ko chipAne kA prayatna kiyaa| taba bhagavAn ne jo ThIka bAta thI, use kahA / isase vaha aura bhI krodhita ho gyaa| yaha dekha kara use do sAdhu samajhAne gaye taba usane unapara tejolezyA chor3akara unheM jalAkara bhasma kara diyaa| bhagavAn ne use samajhAyA parantu pariNAma ulTA niklaa| usane bhagavAn para bhI tejolezyA chodd'ii| yaha tejolezyA bhagavAn ko sparza karake vApisa gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza kara gayI aura usa tejolezyA kI jalana se gozAlaka sAtavI rAtri ko pittajvara ke dAha se mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| __isa tejolezyA ke sparzamAtra se bhagavAna mahAvIra ko pittajvara tathA lahU ke dasta (peciza) hone laga gaye / yaha dekhakara prajA ko tayA aneka sAdhuoM ko bahuta cintA ho gayI aura sarvatra yaha bAta phaila gayI ki bhagavAn mahAvIra cha: mAsa meM deha tyAga deNge| jisako prabhu para atyanta rAga thA aisA siMha nAma kA aNagAra (jaina zramaNa) jo jaMgala meM dhyAna kara rahA thA, usane bhI vahAM yaha bAta sunii| vaha duHkhI hokara phUTa-phUTa kara rone lagA / bhagavAn ne apane jJAna dvArA isa bAta ko jAna kara siMha muni ko dUsare sAdhu dvArA apane pAsa bulAyA aura use sAntvanA dii| janatA tathA munijanoM kI cintA ko dUra karane ke lie bhagavAn ne siMha muni se kahA he siMha ! tuma meDika grAma nagara meM jAo; vahA~ gRhapati kI patnI revatI ne do pAka taiyAra kie hue haiN| unameM eka mere lie banAyA hai tathA dUsarA apane ghara ke liye banA kara rakhA huA hai / jo pAka mere lie banAyA hai usase prayojana nahIM (vaha mata laanaa)| parantu jo dUsarA usane apane lie banA kara rakhA huA hai use le aao|" / bhagavAn ne vaha pAka Asakti se rahita hokara khAyA aura pIr3A zAMta

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yahA~ uparyukta do pAkoM ke lie jo zabda zAstrakAra ne likhe haiM unake bAre meM kisI ko bhI Apatti nahIM hai, ve to sabako mAnya haiN| parantu una zabdoM ke artha meM Apatti hai| ve zabda vivAdagrasta hai, sa lie isakI carcA karake isakA nirNaya karane kI AvazyakatA hai| vivAdAspada sUtrapATha aura usake artha ke liye jaina vidvAnoM ke mata sUtra meM varNita mala pATha :-- "taM gacchaha gaM tumaM sohA ! meMDhiyagAmaM nagaraM revatIe gAhAva tiNIe gihe, tattha NaM revatIe gAhAbaiNIe mamaM aTThAe duve kaboyasarorA uvakkhaDiyA, tehiM no aTTho, asthi se anne pAriyAsie majjArakahae kukkuDamaMsae tamAharAhi, eeNaM attttho| (bhagavatI sUtra zataka 15) jaina zAstro meM se navA~goM (nau AgamoM) ke TIkAkAra mahAn samartha vidvAna AcArya abhayadevasUri ne kramazaH aga sUtroM para TIkA racI hai| tRtIyAMga-ThANAMga jI sUtra kI TIkA karate hue usake navame ThANe meM prabhu mahAvIra ke samaya me nava (9) janoM ne tIrthakara nAmakarma bAMdhA isakA varNana AyA hai| una nau janoM ne kisa-kisa kAraNa se tathA kyA karane se tIrthakara nAmakarma upArjana kiyA aisA pATha hai| unameM se mahapati kI bhAryA revatI bhI eka hai| uparyukta vivAda vAlA AhAra prabhu ko dene ke kAraNa revatI ne tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha kiyA thA aisA pATha hai| usa prasaMga kA ullekha karate hue navAMgITIkAkAra abhayadevasari ne isa vivAda vAle sUtrapATha kA isa prakAra artha kiyA hai : tato gaccha tvaM nagaramadhye tatra revatyabhiSAnayA gRhapatipatnyA mavarSa - 1-isa pATha kA ullekha hama Age krege|

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( 72 ) mUlazarIre upaskRte, na ca tAbhyAM prayojanaM tathA'nyadasti tadgRhe parivAsitaM mArjArAbhidhAnasya vAyonivRttikArakaM kukkuDamAMsakaM pUrakakaTAhamityarthaH, tabAhara tena naH prayojanamiti / " ( ThANAMga sU0 191 ) arthAt - " tuma nagara me jAo, revatI nAma kI gRhapati kI bhAryA ne mere lie do kUSmANDa phala ( peThe ) saMskAra karake taiyAra kiye haiM, unakA prayojana nahIM, parantu usake ghara me mArjAra nAmaka vAyu kI nivRtti karane vAlA bIjore phala kA gUdA hai, vaha le aao| usakA mujhe prayojana hai| (uANAga sUtra s0 111 ) isa uparyukta artha se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki ThANAga jI sUtra meM ina zabdoM kA artha zrIabhayadevamRti ne spaSTa rUpa se vanaspatiparaka kiyA hai iliye yahI artha yathArtha rUpa me unha mAnya thA / (kha) inhIM TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne ThANAgajI kI TIkA likhane ke bAda paMcamAga "bhagavatI jI " sUtra kI TIkA vi0 saM0 1928 me likhI / isame gozAlaka ke prasagavAle pandrahaveM zataka me bhI jo unheM svaya mAnya artha thA vahI kiyA / kintu eka niSpakSa TIkAkAra hone ke nAte unake samaya me kAI-koI vyakti ina zabdoM me me sthUla dRSTi se phalita hone vAle prANIvAcaka artha bhI mAnate hoge yaha batalAne ke lie unhoMne yaha bAta bhI apanI TIkA me likhI / aisA likhate hue bhI yaha bAta unheM svayaM mAnya nahI thI / yadi yaha bAta unhe mAnya hotI to ve "zrUSamANamevArtha kecinmanyante " -- aisA na likhate kintu isa artha kI carcA karake spaSTa karane kI ceSTA karate / na to unhoMne aisI koI carcA hI kI hai aura na hI aisA artha kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki unheM svayaM ina zabdoM kA artha prANIvAcaka mAnya nahIM thA yaha nizcita hai| unhe svaya jo artha mAnya thA usI kA ullekha unhoMne ThANaoNna jI meM kiyA

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( 73 ) hai tathA yahAM bhI vaisA hI artha kiyA hai / isalie vanaspatiparaka varSa hI vAstavika hai / zrI bhagavatI sUtra ke vivAdAspada sUtrapATha kI TIkA ''duve kavoyA" ityAdeH -- zrUyamANamevArtha kecinmanyante / anye svAhaH kapotakaH -- pakSivizeSastadvad ye phale varNasAt kapote kUSmAMDe, hrasve kapote kapotake te ca te zarIre vanaspatijIvadehatvAt kapotakazarIre athavA kapolakazarIre iva dhUsaravarNasAdhamrmyAdiva kapotakazarIre kUSmANDaphale eva te upaskRte- saMskRte 'tehino aTTho' ti bahupApatvAt / 'pAriAsie' tti parivAsitaM hyastanamityarthaH ityAderapi kecit zrUyamANamevArthaM manyante / anyatvAhu-- 'majjArakaDae' mArjAro vAyuvizeSastadupazamanAya kRtaM saMskRtaM mArjArakRtaM apare tvAhu-mArjArovirAlikAbhidhAno vanaspativizeSastena kRtaM -- bhAvitaM yattathA, ki tat ? ityAha-- 'kurkuTakamAMsakaM' bIjapUrakaM kaTAham 'AharAhi' ti niravadyatvAditi / arthAt- [- isa liye he siMha / tuma meDhika grAma nAma ke nagara me gRhapati kI bhAryA revatI ke ghara jAo / vahA usa ne mere liye (koI-koI dube nate sarIrA kA prANIparaka artha bhI mAnate hai parantu anya kahate haiM ki ) do ku hamANDa phala (peThe ke phala) taiyAra kiye hai, una se mujhe prayojana nahIM, kyoM ki ise lAnA bahuta doSa kA kAraNa hai (nirgratha zramaNa ke nimitta jo AhAra taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai aisA AhAra jaina sAdhu ko lenA nahI kalapatA isa liye aisA AdhAkarmI peThe kA pAka jo zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nimitta banAyA gayA thA, use lAne ke liye manA kara diyA); parantu isa ke ilAvA dUsarA jo pAka unhoMne apane liye pahale kA banA kara rakhA huA hai, 'vaha majjarakaDae' (isa ke liye bhI aisA sunA hai ki koI-koI isa kA prANIparaka artha mAnate haiM parantu anya saba aisA mAnate haiM) yAnI

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( 74 ) mArjAra nAmaka vAyu ko zAnta karane vAlA, anya AcAryo kA kahanA hai ki virAlikA nAmaka vanaspati se bhAvanA kiyA huA bIjorApAka hai, use le Ao, usa se mujhe prayojana hai / zrI abhayadevasUri ne isa uparyukta TIkA (vRti) meM likhA hai ki sunate haiM ki koI-koI 'duve kavoyasarIrA aura majjArakaDae kukkuDa maMsae, kA artha prANIparaka karate hai / isa se yaha bAta to spaSTa hai ki anya jainAcArya aura usa samaya ke Ama vidvAn ina zabdo kA artha vanaspatiparaka karate the aura yahI artha AcArya zrIabhayadevasUri ko bhI mAnya thA / hamArI isa dhAraNA kI puSTi ( 1 ) ThANAga sUtra kI gRhapati kI bhAryA revatI ke paricaya me mUtra pATha kI TIkA hai / ( 2 ) isa pATha se bhI spaSTa hai ki koI-koI aisA artha bhI karate haiN| yadi una kA apanA bhI yahI mata hotA to ve 'sunA hai' aisA na likha kara ina zabdoM kA prANIparaka artha karake vanaspatiparaka artha ke sAtha 'zrayamANamevArtha' likhate / isa me bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki AcArya abhayadeva ko bhI vanaspatiparaka artha hI mAnya hai / (3) isa pAra ke viSaya me ina zabdo kA mAMsaparaka artha kisI bhI anya upalabdha TIkAoM me nahIM milatA / ( 4 ) ina zabdo ke artha vanaspatiparaka hI honA cAhiye aura yahI artha ThIka hai isa viSaya kI puSTi ke liye hama anya jainAcAryoM ke mata bhI de denA ucita samajhate haiM / ( ga ) vikrama saMvat 1141 pATaNa meM karNadeva ke rAjya samaya me jainAcArya nemicandrasUri ne prAkRta bhASA ne tIna hajAra zlokapramANa 'mahAvIra caritra' racanA kI hai, jo graMtha AtmAnanda gratha ratna mAlA graMtha naM0 58 bhAvanagara kI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA kI tarapha se vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita huA hai / usake patra 84 meM yaha adhikAra gAthA naM0 1930 se 35 taka isa prakAra varNana hai / "tA gaccha tumaM miDhiyagAmaM maggAhi revaI majkSaM / gAhAvaINa kajje pajjusiyaM osahaM kappaM // 1930 //

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sIho ya mao tIe gehaM ambhuDhio ya hidakAe / satta pae ahigamma, vaMdimo paramamattIe // 1931 // bhaNio sAhehi tumaM devANupiyA ihAgamaNakA / teNa ya gaNiyaM ajje ! amuga panjusiyaM osahaM asthi // 1932 // tuma gihe taM viyarasu, sA bhagaI imaM rahassanimmaviSaM / kaha bhaNasi tumaM ? kahiyaM kevaliNA vIranAheNa // 193 / / taM sousA tuTThA biyarai sohasta osahaM taM tu| davvAi visudeNaM osaha- vANa sA teNa // 1934 / / devAuyaM nibaMdhaI, parittasasAriyattaNaM kuNaI / divANi tattha paMca ya pAumbhUyANi sayarAhaM // 1935 // bhAvArtha---[he siha! ] tuma meMDhika grAma me jaao| revatI ke pAsa jAkara kalpe aisI auSadha jo usane apane liye taiyAra karake rakhI huI hai le aao| siMha aNagAra usa revatI ke ghara gyaa| taba usane harSita hokara abhyutthAna kiyA (uThI) / sAta-ATha kadama Age jAkara paramabhakti pUrvaka vandanA kii| siMha muni ne use kahA ki 'tumhAre ghara tumhAre liye taiyAra kI huI jo auSadha hai vaha mujhe do, usane kahA ki yaha auSadha meMne ekAnta me arthAt apane ghara meM banAyI hai jisa kA kisI ko patA nhiiN| ise tuma ne kaise jAnA ? muni ne kahA ki kevalI (sarvajJa) vIranAtha (bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI) ne yaha kahA hai| dravyAdi se vizuddha isa auSadhadAna se revatI ne devAyu kA bandha kiyaa| tathA parimita saMsArIpanA kiyaa| vahAM divya pragaTa hue| vikrama saMvat 1139 meM guNacandragaNi nAmaka vidvAna ne prAkRta bhASA meM gadya-padya meM bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa mahAvIracaritra racA hai,

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( 76 ) jo devacaMda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaMDa sUrata se prakAzita ho cukA hai / usake prastAva 8 patra 282, 283 meM vartamAna carcAspada viSaya para prakAza DAlatA huA varNana hai / vahA~ siMha aNagAra kI prArthanA se kalpya auSadhi svIkAra karane ke lie bhagavA mahAvIra sammata hone para bhI " apane nimitta se taiyAra kI huI auSadha nahI kalpatI," aisA sAdhusAmAcArImaryAdA ko apane AcaraNa se sUcita karate haiM / - "jai evaM tA iheba nayare revaIe gAhAvaiNIe samIvaM vaccAhi / tAe ya mama nimitta jaM putra osahaM ukktvaDiyaM taM pariharikaNa iparaM appaNo nimittaM niSphAiyaM Agehi ti / " bhAvArtha--- [ he mih ! ] yadi aisA hI hai to isI nagara meM (meDhika grAma meM ) revatI nAma kI gRhapati kI patnI ke samIpa jA, usane mere nimitta jo pahale as taiyAra kI huI hai use chor3a kara dUmarI (auSadha) jo usa ne apane liye taiyAra kI huI hai, vaha lAnA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke liye avadAna dete me isa bhakta zraddhAlu kI devagati huI, ityAdi vahAM vistRta varNana hai / (Ga) svataMtra saMskRta-prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana, koza, kAvya, sAhitya racane vAle suprasiddha kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya zrI hemacandra ne vikrama kI terahavI zatAbdI meM "triSaSTizalA kApuruSacaritra" mahAkAvya racA hai, jisake dasave parva me lagabhaga cha hajAra zlokapramANa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA caritra hai / yaha graMtha bhAvanagara se jainadharma prasAraka sabhA ne vikrama saMvat 1965 me prakAzita kiyA hai| usake AThave sarga ke zloka 549 se 552 me cAlU carcAspada viSaya para spaSTa prakAza DAlA hai| mAdRzAM duHkhazAntyaM tat svAminyAvatsva bheSajam / svAminaM pIDitaM draSTuM nahi kSaNamapi kSamAH / / 549 // 1

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tasyoparopAta svAmyUce, revatvA mekibhASayA / pakvaH kUSmAMDakaTAho, yo mahyaM taM tu mA vhIH // 550 // bojapUrakaTAho'sti yaH pakavo gRhahetave / taM gRhItvA samAgaccha, kariSye tena vo putim // 551 // siMho'gAvaya revatIgRhamapAdatta pradattaM tayA, kalpyaM bhevajamAzu tatra vavRSe svarga ca haSTaH suraH / siMhAnItamupAsya bheSajavaraM tad varSamAnaH prabhuH, sabaH saMghacakorapArvaNazazI prApad vapuH pADhavam // 552 // bhAvArtha- [bhaktimAna siMha anagAra ne kahA] he svAmin ! hamAre jaisoM ke duHkha kI zAMti ke liye to Apa bheSaja grahaNa karo, kyoki mere jaMso se (bhaktoM-sevakoM se) svAmI ko kSaNavAra bhI pIr3ita nahI dekhA jAtA / usake Agraha se svAmI ne (bhagavAn mahAvIra ne) kahA ki--seTha kI bhAryA revatI ne mere liye hI kuSmANDa-kaTAha (peThe kA pAka) banAyA hai, use mata lAnA / kintu usane apane ghara ke liye jo bIjapUra kaTAha (bIjorA pAka) banAyA hai, use le aao| usake dvArA tumhe dhRtidhIraja paidA hogii| tatpazcAt siMha (muni) revatI zrAvikA ke ghara gayA tathA usake dvArA diye hue kalpe aise bheSaja (auSadha) ko bhagavAn ne svIkAra kiyaa| vahAM harSita hue devoM ne zIghra hI svarNa vRSTi kii| saMgha rUpI cakora ko ullasita karane ke liye candramA ke samAna vardhamAna prabhu (bhagavAn mahAvIra) ne siMha ke dvArA lAye hue usa bheSaja kA sevana kiyaa| tatpazcAt zIghra hI zarIra kI svasthatA prApta kii| ina uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha bAta.spaSTa hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne vanaspati se taiyAra kI gayI auSadha ko hI apane roga kI zAMti ke liye sevana kiyA thaa| isa vivecana meM diye gaye ka, kha, ga, gha' uddharaNoM ke lekhaka vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke samakAlIna haiM tathA "" uddharaNa ke lekhaka terahavI zatAbdI ke haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki usa

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( 78 ) samaya ke sabhI jena AcArya isa auSadhidAna ko banaspatiparaka ho mAnate the| isa bAta kI puSTi ke liye aura bhI aneka ullekha milate haiM / parantu vistAramaya se itane pramANa denA hI paryApta hai| sujJeSu kiM bahunA ? isa vivecana se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki jainAcArya hajAroM varSoM se ina zabdoM kA artha 'vanaspatiparaka' hI karate Aye haiN| ataH nigAMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra) ne apane roga kI zAnti ke liye athavA anya bhI kisI samaya mAMsAhAra kadApi grahaNa nahIM kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke viSaya meM bhagavatI sUtra ke isa eka ullekha ke atirikta anya koI bhI aisA ullekha nAgamoM athavA jaina sAhitya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA jisase unake viSaya meM mAMsAhAra karane kI AzaMkA kA honA saMbhava ho| isa carcAspada sUtrapATha se bhI yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki ina zabdoM kA artha mAMsaparaka nahI kintu vanaspatiparaka hai| isa auSadhadAna para digambara jainoM kA mata digambara jaina saMpradAya ke vidvAn bhI revatI (meMDhika grAma vAlI) ke isa auSadhadAna kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate haiN| revatI ne jo tIrthaMkara nAmakarma upArjana kiyA, usakA kAraNa bhI yaha auSadhadAna hI thA, aisA kahate hai / vaha lekha yaha hai| revatImAvikayA zrIvIrasya auSadhavAnaM dattam / tenauSadhidAnakAlena tIrthakaranAmakarmopArjitamata eva auSaSidAnamapi dAtavyam / " (hindI jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya bambaI ko jaina caritamAlA naM06)

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artha-revatI zrAvikA ne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ko auSadhadAna diyaa| usa auSaSadAna dene se usane tIrthakara nAmakarma upArjana kiyaa| ataH auSadhadAna bhI denA caahiye| isa uparyukta ullekha se bhI yahI spaSTa hai ki jainadharma ke kisI bhI sampradAya athavA vibhAga ko isa auSadha dAna ke viSaya meM-~-phira vaha cAhe zvetAmbara ho athavA digambara--koI matabheda nahIM hai / sabhI ko yaha bAta mAnya hai ki yaha auSadha vanaspati se hI taiyAra kI gayI thii| jaina tIrthakara kA prAcAra jo jIva tIrthakara hote haiM, ve tIrthakara hone se tIna bhava pahale bIsa sthAnaka athavA solaha kAraNa (bIsa prakAra ke kRtya, jinakA samAveza solaha kAraNoM meM hotA hai) kA ArAdhana karake tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha karate haiM / yahA~ se kAla karake (matyu pAkara).prAyaH svarga meM utpanna hote haiN| vahAM se kAla karake manuSya kSetra meM bahuta bhArI samadi aura parivAra vAle uttama zuddha rAjya kula meM janma lete haiM / tIrthakara hone vAle ina jIvoM ko mAtA ke garbha meM hI avazyameva tIna jJAna mati, zruta, avadhi hote haiN| inakA zarIra va RSabhanArAcasaMhanana vAlA hotA hai (vaca ke samAna dRr3ha hotA hai), inako Ayu anapavartanIya (kisI pAtAdi ke nimitta me kSaya na hone vAlI) hotI hai| ye mahAnubhAva saMsAra kI mohamAyA-mamatA kA sarvathA tyAga kara dete haiN| apanI dIkSA kA samaya tIrthaMkaroM ke jIva apane jJAna se hI jAna lete haiN| inakA gRhasthajIvana bhI prAyaH anAsakta hotA hai| dIkSA lene se eka varSa pahale eka varSa taka dAna dekara, yadi mAtA-pitA vidyamAna hoM to unakI AjJA lekara bar3e mahotsava pUrvaka svayameva dIkSA grahaNa karate haiN| kisI ko guru nahIM banAte, kyoMki ve to svayaM hI trilokI ke guru hone vAle hote haiM aura mAnavAn haiN| dIkSA lekara

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( 80 ) saba prakAra ke pApajanya mAnasika-vAcika-kAyika vyApAroM kA tyAga kara mahAna adbhata tapa karate haiM, jisase cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karake kevala jJAna prApta kara ve sarvaja-sarvadarzI hote hai, phira saMsAratAraka upadeza dekara dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate hai| aise mahApuruSa tIrthakara hote haiM / tIrthakara bhagavAn badale ke upakAra ko icchA na rakhate hue rAjA-raMka, bAhmaNa se cADAla paryanta saba prakAra ke yogya nara-nAriyoM ko ekAnta hitakAraka, saMsArasamudra se tAraka dharmopadeza dete haiN| tIrthakara bhagavAn ke guNoM kA pArAvAra nahIM, unake guNa apAra haiN| ataH sabakA varNana karanA asaMbhava hai, phira bhI yahA saMkSepa me kucha guNoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| 1 ananta kevalajJAna, 2. ananta kevaladarzana, 3. ananta cAritra, 4. ananta tapa, 5. ananta bala, 6. paoNca ananta (dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga tathA vIrya) labdhiyA~, 7. kSamA, 8 saMtoSa, 9. maralatA, 10. nirabhi. mAnitA, 11. lAghavatA, 12. satya, 13. saMyama, 14. icchArahitapana, 15. brahmacarya, 16 dayA (jIvahimA kA navakoTika tyAga), 17. paropakAritA, 18. vItarAgatA (rAga-dveSa rahitatA), 19. zatru-mitrabhAva rahita, 20. svarNapASANAdi samabhAva, 21. strI-taNa para samabhAva, 22. mAsAhAra rahita, 23. madirApAna rahita, 24. abhakSya (na khAne-pIne yogya padArtha) bhakSaNa rahita, 25. agamyagamana rahita, 26. karuNA ke samudra, 27. zUra, 28. vIra, 29. dhora, 30. akSobhya, 31. para nindA rahita, 32. apanI stuti na kare, 33. apane virodhi ko bhI tArane vAle ityaadi| (1) mohanIya, (2) jJAnAvaraNIya, (3) darzanAvaraNIya, (4) antarAya ina cAra ghAtiyA kama ke kSaya karane ke kAraNa 18 doSoM se rahita hote hai| "antarAyA dAna-lAbha-vIrSa-mogopabhomagAH, hAso ratparatI bhIti guptA zoka eva c|

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mAno milyAtyamAna nihA vApisistA rAponevazca no rossaastessaamnnttaavnaapynii|| abhiyAna vi0 ko 1, zlo072-73) arthAt--(1) mithyAtva, (2) rAga, (3) dveSa, (4) avirati, (5) kAmavAsanA, (6) hAsya, (7) rati, (8) arati, (9) zoka, (10) bhaya, (11) jugupsA (ye 11 doSa mohanIya karma ke kSaya se), (12) nidrA (darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se), (13) ajJAna (jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se), (14) dAnAntarAya, (15) lAbhAntarAya, (16) bhogAntarAya, (17) upabhogAntarAya, (18) vIryAntarAya (antarAya karma ke bhaya se)--ina aThAraha doSoM se rahita hote haiN| hama Upara likha Aye haiM ki tIrthakara kA jIva tIrthakara hone se tIna bhava pahale bIsa sthAnaka athavA solaha kAraNa kA ArAdhana karake tIrthaMkara nAma gotra kA bandhana karate haiM / so ve solaha kAraNa ye haiN| "darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA, zIlavateSvanaticAro'bhISaNazAnopayogasaMvego, zAktitastyAgatapasI sAdhusamASiyAvRtyakaraNamahadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirgiprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalasvamiti tiirthkrtvsy"| (tasvArthasUtra adhyAya 6) 1. darzanavizuddhi, (vItarAga sarvajJa ke kahe hue tattvoM para nirmala aura dRr3ha zraddhA) / 2. vinaya sampannatA (jJAnAdi aura unake sAdhanoM ke prati niraticAra-vinaya bahumAna rkhnaa)| 3. zIlavatAnaticAra (zIla aura vratoM meM atyanta apramAda) / 4. abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga (jJAna meM satata upyog)| 5 abhISaNa saMvega (sAMsArika bhoga jo vAstava meM sukha ke badale duHkha ke hI sAdhana banate haiM unase Darate rahanA arthAta kamI bhI ina ke lAlaca meM nahIM par3anA) / 6-7-8-9 zakti ke anusAra tyAga aura tapa, caturvidha saMgha aura sAdhu kI samAdhi (svAsthya kA dhyAna rakhanA) aura

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( 82 ) vaiyAvRtya karanA (guNavAna ko kaThinAI meM se nikAlanA ) / 10-11-1213- arihaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura zAstra ke prati zuddha niSThApUrvaka anurAga rakhanA / 14. Avazyaka kriyA ko na chor3anA ( sAmAyikAdi cha: Avazyaka kA pAlana karanA) / 15. mokSamArga kI prabhAvanA (AtmA ke kalyANa ke mArga ko apane jIvana meM utAranA tathA dUsaroM ko usakA upadeza dekara dharma kA prabhAva bar3hAnA) / 16. pravacanavAtsalya ( vItarAga sarvajJa ke vacanoM para snehaha - ananya anurAga honA ) | ina uparyukta kAryoM meM se eka athavA adhika kAryoM ko karane se jIva tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta karane yogya karma kA bandhana karatA hai| isa karma kA nAma hai tIrthakara nAmakarma / bIsa sthAnakoM kA varNana jJAtAdharma kathAMga Adi AgamoM meM"arihaMta-siddha-pavayaNa-guru-thera- bahussuma - tabassIsu / vallayA ya tesi abhikkhaNANovaoge ya // 1 // ive fare Heere va sIlavvae niraiyAre / lamalava tavAciyAe beyAvacce samAhI ya // 2 // apvvaNANa gahane suyabhattI pavayaNe pabhAvaNayA / eehi kAraNehi titthayarataM lahai jIvo // 3 // ( jJAtAdharma kathAMga a0 8 sUtra 64 ) -- arthAt ~ 1 - arihaMtabhakti, 2 - siddhabhakti, 3 - pravacanabhakti, 4 - sthavira (AcArya) bhakti, 5 - bahuzrutabhakti, 6- tapasvI vatsalatA, 7- nirantara jJAna meM upayoga rakhanA, 8 - darzana ( samyaktva ) ko zuddha rakhanA, 9 - vinaya sahita honA, 10 - sAmAyika Adi chaH Avazyako kA pAlana karanA, 11 - aticAra rahita zIla aura vratoM kA pAlana karanA, 12 - saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMgura samajhanA, 13 - zakti anusAra tapa karanA 14 - zakti anusAra tyAga ( dAna ) karanA, 15 - zakti anusAra caturvidha saMgha kI tathA sAdhu kI samAdhi karanA, (vaisA karanA jisase ve

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svastha raheM), 16-vaiyAvRtya karanA (guNavAn yadi kaThinAI meM par3e hoM to unheM kaThinAI se dUra karane kA prayatna karanA), 17---apUrva (nayenaye jJAna ko grahaNa karanA, 18-zAstra meM bhakti honA, 19-pravacana meM bhakti honA, 20-tIrthaMkara ke siddhAntoM kA pracAra krnaa| ina kAraNoM se jIva tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandhana karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM 16 kAraNa tathA Agama-jAtAdharma kathAMga meM 20 kAraNa tIrthakara nAmakarma bAMdhane ke diye haiN| donoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahI haiN| sUtrakAra ne naM0 10-11-12-13 meM arihanta-AcAryabahazrata-zAstra ko, Agama ne 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 arihanta-siddha-pravacanaAcArya-sthavira-bahuzruta-tapasvI isa prakAra vistAra meM sAta bheda kara diye haiM / isI prakAra AgamakAra ne 17-18 apUrva jJAna ko grahaNa karanA, tathA zAstrabhakti do bheda kiye haiM, jabaki sUtrakAra ne zAstrabhakti meM ina dono kA samAveza karake 16 bheda kara diye haiN| tIrthakara nAmakarma ke upArjana karane ke lie jo-jo bhAvanAeM batalAI gayI hai una saba bhAvanAoM meM sUtrakAra ne "darzanavizuddhi" ko sarva-prathama rakhA hai| isase yaha batalAyA hai ki ina bIsa athavA solaha bhAvanAoM meM se "darzanavizuddhi" mukhya hai| isake abhAva meM dUsarI saba bhAvanAe hoM to bhI "tIrthakara nAma" kA upArjana nahIM ho sakatA aura isake sadbhAva meM dUsarI bhAvanAeM hoM athavA na hoM to bhI tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana ho sakatA hai| (arthAt-yadi jIva ko jinopadiSTa dharma meM saccA anurAga ho to hI tIrthaMkara gotra kA Asrava honA saMbhava ___ zAstroM meM tIrthakara nAmakarma ke Asrava ke uparyukta dAnAdi alagaalaga kAraNa jo batalAye haiM, unakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jIva samyagdarzana' 1-nAdasaNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na huMti crnngunnaa| amuNissa natthi mokkho, natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / / (uttarAdhyayana a0 28 sU0 30)

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( 84 ) ko prApta karane ke pazcAt bIsa athavA solaha bhAvanAoM meM se kisI bhI eka-do athavA adhika bhAvanAoM ke dvArA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara sakatA hai / samyagdarzana ke abhAva se mithyAdRSTi anya kinhIM bhI bhAvanAoM ko AcaraNa meM lAtA huA kadApi tIrthakara nAmakarma upArjana nahIM kara sakatA / tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kA saMkSipta AcAra tathA vicAra jAnane ke lie dekheM prathama khaNDa meM stambha naM0 4 se 7 taka / ina saba stambhoM ko par3hane se pAThaka svayaM jAna sakege ki tIrthakaradeva sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke AcAroM tathA vicAroM kA avalokana karane se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki ve kabhI bhI mA~sAhAra ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakate the /

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( 4-5 ) nigraMtha zramaraNa (muni) tathA nigraMtha zramaNopAsaka (zrAvaka) kA prAcAra isa nibandha ke prathama khaNDa meM stambha naM0 2 se 7 taka hama dekha cuke haiM ki 1-jana tIrthakara ke AcAra, 2-nimrantha zramaNa, tathA 3nirmatha zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM (tInoM) ke AcAra-vicAra se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana tathA AcAra ko samyagjJAna pUrvaka cAritra meM utArane vAlA koI bhI vyakti-phira vaha cAhe tIrthakara ho, zramaNa ho athavA vratavArI zrAvaka ho--kadApi matsya-mAMsa-madirA Adi padArthoM kA sevana nahIM kara sakatA / ina padArthoM ko jainAgamoM meM abhakSya kahA hai aura aise abhakSya padArthoM ke sevana kA sarvatra niSedha kiyA hai| inakA auSadha rUpa me bhI tIrthaMkara athavA nirgrantha zramaNa prayoga nahIM kara skte|

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isa auSadha ko sevana karane vAle, auSadha lAne vAle / tathA proSadha banAne aura dene vAlI kA jIvana paricaya 1--vItarAga, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, tIrthakara bhagavAn vardhamAna-mahAvIra svAmI ne rakta-pitta (peciza) tathA pittajvara kI vyAdhi ko miTAne ke lie isa auSadha kA sevana kiyaa| 2-nigraMtha zramaNa siMha ne yaha auSadha lAkara dii| 3-revatI zrAvikA ne isa auSadha ko apane gharake lie banAyA aura siMha muni ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rogazamana ke lie pradAna kiyaa| 1-sarva prathama zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha meM vicAra karate bhagavAna mahAvIra gautama buddha ke samakAlIna the| donoM zramaNa saMpradAya ke samarthaka the| phira bhI donoM ke antara ko jAne binA hama unake AcAra-vicAra sambandhI kisI natIje para nahIM pahuMca skte| (ka) pahalA antara to yaha hai ki buddha ne mahAbhiniSkramaNa se lekara apanA nayA mAga-dharmacakra pravartana kiyA, taba taka ke chaH varSoM meM usa samaya pracalita bhinna-bhinna tapasvI aura yogI saMpradAyoM kA eka-eka karake svIkAra-parityAga kiyaa| anta meM apane vicAro ke anukUla eka nayA hI mArga sthApita kiyA, jabaki mahAvIra ko kulaparamparA se jo dharmamArga prApta thA vaha use lekara Age bar3he aura usa dharma meM apanI sAhajika viziSTa jJAnadRSTi aura deza va kAlakI paristhiti ke anusAra sudhAra yA zuddhi kI / buddha kA mArga nayA dharma-sthApana thA to mahAvIra kA mArga prAcIna kAla se cale Ate hue jainadharma ko punaHsaMskRta karane kA thaa|

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( 87 ) (kha) buddha ne buddhatva kI prApti se pahale nirgranthacaryA ke anusAra tapazcaryA kI, bAda meM isase Uba kara unhoMne tapazcaryA kA tyAga kara diyA aura tatpazcAt buddhatva prApti udghoSaNA karake naye paMtha kI sthApanA kii| taba unhoMne nirmanthoM ke tapapradhAna AcAroM kI avahelanA bhI kI aura kar3I AlocanA bhI kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA tathA mAmA mahArAjA ceTaka Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upAsaka the| yAnI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pitRdharma pAvapityika nirgrathoM kA thA / unhoMne kahIM bhI nirgrathoM ke maulika AcAra evaM tattvajJAna kI jarA bhI avahelanA nahI kI hai / pratyuta nigraMthoM ke paramparAgata unhIM AcAra-vicAroM ko apanAkara apane jIvana ke dvArA una kA saMzodhana, parivartana evaM pracAra kiyA hai / (ga) bhagavAn mahAvIra ne matsya- mAMsAhAra Adi abhakSya padArtho kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai aura nigraMya zramaNa ko navakoTika ahiMsA pAlana karane ke lie pharamAyA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki nigraMtha zramaNa tathA nirgratha zramaNopAsaka (jaina zrAvaka) Aja bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiM / jabaki bauddha mRta mAMsa kA niSedha nahIM karate, jisake pariNAma svarUpa Aja kA bauddha jagat prAyaH sarva prANiyoM kA mAMsa bhakSaka dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / (gha) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samasta sAdhakajIvana meM ahiMsA-saMyamatapa ye tInoM bAte mukhya haiM / inakI siddhi ke lie unhoMne bAraha varSoM taka jo prayatna kiyA aura usameM jisa tatparatA tathA apramAda kA paricaya diyA vaisA Aja taka kI tapasyA ke itihAsa meM kisI vyakti ne diyA ho yaha dikhAI nahIM detA / parantu buddha ne isI tapa ko dehadaMDana kahakara usakI avahelanA kI hai; kyoMki buddha ne apanI zakti kA vicAra kiye binA evaM dekhA-dekhI tapa dvArA zuSka deha-damana kiyA thaa| jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki buddha kI sahanazIlatA meM kamI AyI, aura tapa ko chor3a kara madhyama mArga kI sthApanA karane ke lie deha duHkha aura

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( 88 ) bAdhya honA par3A, jisase unake jIvana meM na to khAna-pAna sambandhI saMyama hI rahA aura na tapa hI rhaa| jisake pariNAma svarUpa ve ahiMsAtatva se adhikAdhika dUra hote gaye / parantu mahAvIra kA tapa zuSka dehadamana nahIM thaa| ve jAnate the ki yadi tapa ke abhAva se sahanazIlatA kama huI to dUsaroM kI sukha-suvidhA kI Ahuti dekara apanI sukha-suvidhA bar3hAne kI lAlasA bar3hegI aura usakA phala yaha hogA ki sayama na raha pAyegA / isI prakAra saMyama ke abhAva me korA tapa bhI dehakaSTa kI taraha nirarthaka hai / (Ga) jyoM-jyoM bhagavAn mahAvIra saMyama aura tapa kI utkaTatA se apane Apa ko nikhArate gaye, tyoM-tyoM ve ahisAtatva ke adhikAdhika nikaTa pahuMcate gaye, tyoM-tyoM unakI gambhIra zAMti baDhane lagI aura usakA prabhAva Asa-pAsa ke logoM para apane Apa par3ane lagA / mAnama zAstra ke niyama ke anusAra eka vyakti ke andara balavAna hone vAlI vRtti kA prabhAva Asa-pAsa ke logoM para jAna-anajAna meM hue vinA nahI rahatA / parantu buddha tapa aura saMyama ko tyAga dene ke kAraNa ahiMsA tattva ko pUrNa rUpa se apane jIvana meM utArane meM asamartha rahe / unakA ahiMsA tattva upadeza mAtra bana kara raha gayA / parantu apane aura apane anuyAyiyoM ke AcaraNa meM ise pUrNa rUpa se na utAra sake / ataH inakA yaha ahiMsA siddhAMta khoyA hokara raha gayA / (ca) ahiMsA kA sArvabhauma dharma dIrgha tapasvI bhagavAn mahAvIra meM paripluta ho gayA thA, taba unake sArvajanika jIvana ke prabhAva se magadha aura videha deza kA pUrvakAlIna malina vAyumaMDala dhIre-dhIre zuddha hone lagA aura veda vihita pazu-balI yajJoM ko sadA ke lie deza nikAlA mila gyaa| mA~sAhAriyoM kI saMkhyA meM ekadama kamI hone lgii| jo loga mAMsAhArI the unako jana sAdhAraNa avahelanA kI dRSTi se dekhane lage / usa samaya ke anya saMpradAyoM para Apake ahiMsA dharma kI gaharI chApa par3I

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( 89 ) | buddha ke madhyama mArga kA pracAra pazu-yajJoM ko banda karAne meM saphala so huA parantu mA~sAhAra ke pracAra ko na roka sakA aura svayaM bhI mAMsAhArI bana gayA / (cha) bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tyAga aura tapasyA ke nAma para rUr3a zithilAcAra ke sthAna para sacce tyAga aura saccI tapasyA kI pratiSThA karake bhoga kI jagaha yoga ke mahattva kA vAyumaMDala cAroM aura utpanna kiyA / parantu buddha ne sacce tyAga aura tapa ko na samajhane ke kAraNa inakI avahelanA kara sthAna-sthAna para kar3I AlocanA kI haiN| (ja) nigraMtha tapasyA ke khaMDana karane ke pIche buddha kI dRSTi mukhya yahI rahI hai ki tapa yaha kAyakleza hai, indriya aura dehadamana mAtra hai; usake dvArA duHkha sahana karane kA abhyAsa to bar3hatA hai lekina usase koI AdhyAtmika zuddhi aura cittakleza kA nivAraNa nahIM hotA isalie dehadamana yA kAyakleza mithyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki dehadamana yA kAyakleza kitanA hI ugra kyoM na ho para yadi usakA upayoga AdhyAtmika zuddhi aura cittakleza ke nivAraNa meM nahIM hotA to vaha dehadamana yA kAyakleza mithyA hai / isa kA matalaba to yahI huA ki AdhyAtmika zuddhi ke binA sambandha vAlI tapasyA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI abhISTa nahIM thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha kI aisI samAna mAnyatA hote hue bhI buddha ne nirgrantha tapasyA kA khaNDana athavA kar3I AlocanA kyoM kI isaka vicAra karanA bhI z2arUrI hai / (jha) apanI zithilatA ke kAraNa jaba buddha ko tyAga aura tapamaya AvAra ko tyAga kara apane AcAra-vicAroM sambandhI naye sujhAvoM ko adhika-se-adhika lokaprAhya banAne kA prayatna karanA thA, taba unake liye aisA kiye binA nayA saMgha ekatra karanA aura use sthira rakhanA asambhava thA /

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( 90 } kyoMki usa samaya nirgrantha paramparA kA bahuta prAdhAnya thA / unake tapa aura tyAga se janatA AkRSTa hotI thI, jisase nirgranthoM ke prati unakA adhika zukAva va bauddha dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM AcAra kI zithilatA ko dekhakara vaha prazna kara uThatI thI ki Apa tapa kI avahelanA kyoM karate haiM ? taba buddha ko apane zithilAcAra kI puSTi ke liye apane pakSa kI saphAI bhI peza karanI thI aura logoM ko apane mantavyoM kI tarapha kheMcanA bhI thA / isa liye ve nirgranthoM kI AdhyAtmika tapasyA ko kevala kaSTamAtra aura dehadamana batalA kara kar3I AlocanA karane lage / (Ja) bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvAtmA ko caitanyamaya svatantra tattva mAnA hai / anAdikAla se yaha jIvAtmA karmabandhanoM meM jakar3I huI AvAgamana ke cakkara me pha~sI huI punaH punaH pUrva deha tyAgarUpa mRtyu tathA navIna deha prAptirUpa janma dhAraNa karatI hai| jIvAtmA zAzvata hai, isameM cetanA rUpa jJAna-darzanamaya guNa haiM aura karmo ko kSaya karake zuddha pavitra avasthA ko prApta kara nirvANa avasthA prApta kara sadA ke liye janmamaraNarahita hokara zuddha svarUpa me paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| ataH AtmA, paramAtmA, pApa, puNya, paraloka Adi ko mAnakara jaina darzana ne 'AtmA hai, paraloka hai, prANI apane zubhAzubha karma ke anusAra phala bhogatA hai, ityAdi siddhAnta svIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tattvajJAna kA paricaya hama prathama khaNDa ke pA~cave stambha me likha Aye haiN| usase hameM spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki aise vicAra vAlA vyakti kisI bhI prANI kA mAMsa bhakSaNa nahI kara sakatA / parantu buddha ne kSaNa-kSaNa parivartanazIla mana ke pare kisI bhI jIvAtmA ko nahIM maanaa| marane kA matalaba hai manakA cyuta honA / bauddha darzana apane Apa ko anAtmavAdI aura anIzvaravAdI mAnatA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki "AtmA koI nitya vastu nahIM hai parantu khAsa kAraNoM se skaMdhoM ( bhUta, mana ) ke hI yoga se utpanna eka zakti hai, jo anya bAhya bhUtoM kI bhAMti kSaNa-kSaNa utpanna aura bilIna ho rahI hai / citta, vijJAna, AtmA

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eka hI cIz2a hai / jisa prakAra cakSu, zrotra, jihvA, prANa aura svak iMdriyoM ko hama pratyakSa anubhava karate haiM, vaise mana ko nhiiN| hameM mana kI sattA kyoM svIkAra karanI par3atI hai ? A~kheM imalI dekhatI haiM aura jihvA se pAnI Tapakane lagatA hai / nAka durgandha sUghatI hai aura hAtha nAka para pahuMca jAtA hai / Apa dekhate haiM, A~kha aura jihvA eka nahIM hai, na ve eka dUsare se milI huI haiM / isa lie ina donoM ke milAne ke lie eka tIsarI indriya cAhiye, aura vaha hai mana / ukta kAraNa se cakSu Adi indriyoM ke atirikta hameM una ke saMyojaka eka bhItarI indriya ko mAnane kI jarUrata par3atI hai, jise mana kahate hai / isase pare AtmA kI kyA AvazyakatA ? ityaadi|" (bauddha darzana-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kRta) vicAra ke anusAra hI AcAra hotA haiM / bauddha darzana mAnatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai, paramAtmA nahIM hai| AtmA nahI to karmabandha, pApa-puNya, paraloka-gamanAdi kisa kA hotA hai ?-ityAdi praznoM kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI unake liye asaMbhava thaa| isI lie buddha ne ina saba ko akathanIya kaha kara TAla diyA thaa| buddha se jaba loga prazna karate the ki (1) kyA loka hai ? (2) kyA loka anitya hai ? (3) kyA loka antavAna hai ? (4) kyA loka ananta hai ? (5) kyA jIva aura zarIra eka hai ? (6) kyA jIva dUsarA aura zarIra dUsarA hai ? (7) kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata buddha mukta hote haiM ? (8) kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata buddha mukta nahIM hote ? (9) kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata buddha hote bhI haiM, nahIM bhI hote ? (10) kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata na hote hai, na nahI hote? ye prazna buddha se mAlukya putra ne kiye the| yadi bhagavAna jAnate hai to batalAve / yadi nahI jAnate to na jAnane samajhane vAle ke lie yahI sIdhI bAta hai ki vaha sApha kaha de-maiM nahIM jAnatA, mujhe nahIM mAlUma (ma0 ni0 2/2 3 // ) / buddha ne uttara diyA--ye dasa akathanIya haiN| yadi buddha AtmA-paramAtmA-paraloka Adi mAne hote aura unakA svarUpa ve jAnate hote to inheM akathanIya kaha kara TAla na dete, parantu

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( 92 ) unakA svarUpa batalAte / saMbhavataH bauddhoM meM mRta mAMsa ke pracAra pAne kA yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki unake yahA~ AtmA ko svataMtra tasva na mAna kara pAMca skandhoM kA samUha rUpa mAnA hai; jisase ki dehAvasAna ke pazcAt prANI ke mRta mAMsa ko madhya mAna liyA gayA hogA ! jo ho / parantu jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ne prANiyoM ke mRta kalebara ko bhI asaMkhyAta kITANuoM kA puja mAna kara sajIva mAnA hai / aura mAMsa mRta prANI ke zarIra kA hotA hai, phira cAhe vaha prANI kisI ke dvArA mArA gayA ho athavA apane Apa marA ho, ataH mAsa asaMkhya jIvita kITANuoM kA puMja hone se usakA bhakSaNa karane se mahAn hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai, isa lie jaina darzana ne ise sarvathA abhakSya mAna kara tyAjya kiyA hai / kyoki jainadarzana mAnatA hai ki AtmA hai, paramAtmA hai, paraloka hai, prANI apane zubha-azubha karma ke anusAra phala bhogatA hai / sArAza yaha hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana aura upadeza kA saMkSipta rahasya do bAtoM meM AjAtA hai : - AcAra me pUrNa ahimA aura tattvajJAna meM anekAnta, jisake dvArA unhoMne dhArmika aura sAmAjika kAnti kara bhArata para mahAna upakAra kiyA hai, jo ki bhAratavarSa ke mAnasika jagata meM aba taka jAgRta ahimA, saMyama aura tapa ke anurAga ke rUpa meM jIvita hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha AtmasAdhanA ke eka hI patha ke do pathika the| mahAtmA buddha apane patha se bhaTaka gaye aura bhagavAna mahAvIra usa patha ko pAra kara saphalatA prApta kara gaye / 2 - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA se auSadha lAne vAle kA AcAra / isa auSadha ko lAne kI AjJA dene vAle zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM aura lAne vAle pAMca mahAvratadhArI mahAna tapasvI muni zrI siMha haiM, jo manasA vAcA karmaNA hiMsA tathA mAMsa bhakSaNa ke virodhI haiM (dekheM nirgrantha zramaNa kA AcAra, stambha naM 3 meM ) ; svayaM ahiMsA ke mahAn upadezaka tathA svayaM use AcaraNa meM lAne vAle bhI haiM / yadi upadezaka kisI siddhAnta kA

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upadeza to kare, kintu use apane AcaraNa meM na utAre to usa siddhAnta kA aura sasa siddhAnta ke pracAraka kA janasamAja para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA, [gautama buddha ne ahiMsA kA pracAra to kiyA, kintu svayaM mAMsAhAra kA tyAga nahIM kiyA, phalataH Aja bhI bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM meM mAMsAhAra prAyaH sarvatra pracalita hai] / hama likha Aye haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA aura sAtha hI jIvana meM bhI bota-protakara ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana kiyaa| phalataH Aja bhI jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM matsyamAMsa-madirA Adi abhakSya padArthoM kA sevana pUrNa rUpa se tyAjya hai| jaina tIrthaGkaroM tayA nimrantha zramaNoM ke AcAroM ko samajha lene se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aisI Adarza ahiMsA ke upadezaka tathA pratipAlaka siMha nAmaka nirgrantha zramaNa mAMsAhAra na to lA hI sakate the aura na hI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra use lAne kI AjJA hI de sakate the| 3-auSaya banAne tathA dene vAlI revatI bhASikA kA vyavahArika jIvana mani siMha usa auSadha ko kisI kasAI athavA yajJasthala se nahIM lAye the aura na hI kisI mAsAhArI ke vahA~ se lAye the| vaha to use eka utkRSTa jaina zrAvikA (zramaNopAsikA) ke ghara se lAye the, jisakA nAma thA revatI, jo ki eka dhanADhya seTha kI bhAryA thii| isa revatI kA varNana prAcIna jainAgama zAstroM meM isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai| 1--"samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa sulasA-revai pAmukkhANaM samaNo. bAliyApaM tinni sayasahassIo aTThArasa sahassA upakosiyA samagovAmiyANaM saMpayA hatthA" (zrI kalpa-sUtra vIra caritra) 2--"taeNaM tIe revatIe gAhAvar3aNoe teNaM bavvasuddhaNa jAva-dANeNa sohe aNagAre paDilAbhie samANe devAue nibaddha, jahA vijayassa jAva jamma-jIviyaphale revatI gaahaavinniie|" (bhagavatIsUtra zataka 15) 3-"samaNassa NaM bhagavato mahAvIrassa titvammihi jIvehi titpaya

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{ 94 ) raNAma-gote NaM kamme nivvatite, (1) seNiteNaM, (2) supAseNaM, (3) udAtiNA (4) poTTileNaM aNagAreNaM, (5) baDhAunA, (6) saMkhenaM, (7) -satageNaM, (8) sulasAe, (9) sAvikAte revatIte" / (ThANAMga sUtra sU0 691 ) :-1 * revatI ca bahumAnaM zrI abhayadevasUrikRta TIkA : " tathA revatI bhagavata auSadhadAtrI kRtArthamAtmAnaM manyamAnA yathAyAcitaM tatpAtre prakSiptavatI / tenApyAnIya tad bhagavato haste visRSTaM / bhagavatApi vItarAgatayaivodarakoSThe nikSiptaM, - tatastatkSaNameva kSINo rogo jAtaH " (ThAmA~ga sUtra pATha kI TIkA ) arthAta -12 -- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sulasA, revatI pramukha tIna lAkha aThAraha haz2Ara zrAvikAoM kI utkRSTa saMkhyA thI / 2 - unameM se gRhapati kI bhAryA revatI zrAvikA ne siMha anagAra ko zuddha dravya dAna dene se devAyu kA bandha kiyA aura janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra kA bhI anta kiyA (mokSa prApta karegI ) 3 - zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla me unake tIrtha meM nau prANiyoM ne tIrthakara nAmagotra kA bandha kiyaa| jinake nAma haiM-- (1) zreNika, (2) supArzva, (3) udAyI, (4) poTTila anagAra, (5) dRDhAyu, (6) zaMkha, (7) zataka, (8) sulasA tathA ( 9 ) zrAvikA revatI / inameM se zrAvikA revatI, jo ki ( niggaMTha nAyaputta ) zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko auSadha dAna dene vAlI thI / usa auSadha dAna dene ke kAraNa usane tIrthakara nAmakarma kA upArjana kiyA - yAnI jisa karma ke prabhAva se agale janma meM vaha tIrthakara pada prApta kara mokSa prApta karegI / aisI revatI zrAvikA ne apane Apa ko kRtArtha mAnate hue siMha muni (anagAra) ke dvArA mAMgI huI auSadha ko muni ke pAtra meM DAla diyaa| usa muni ne bhI ( vaha auSadha ) lA kara bhagavAn ke hAthoM meM rakha dI / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI vItarAgatA pUrvaka use khAyA aura una kA roga zAnta huA /

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hama tIrthakara nAmakarma upArjana karane ke liye solaha athavA bIsa bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kara Aye haiM / zrAvikA revatI kI jIvanacaryA kA avalokana karane se ina bhAvanAboM meM se nimna likhita bhAvanAoM kA sadabhAva dAna dete samaya usa meM thA, aisA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai: 1---darzana vizuddhi, 2-arhat bhakti, 3--zIla tathA bAraha vratoM kA pAlana, 4--vinayasampannatA, 5-tyAga (dAna denA), 6-yAvRtya, ---sAdhusamAdhikaraNa; ityAdi / revatI zrAvikA ke isa uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki-(1) vaha eka zreSTha zramaNopAsikA (12 vrata dhAriNI zrAvikA) thii| (2) niggaMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra) ke liye siMha anagAra (nigraMtha) ko zuddha dravya se taiyAra kI gayI auSadha kA dAna dene ke prabhAva se tIrthakara nAma karma kA upArjana kiyaa| (3) mRtyu uparAnta deva loka meM gyii| (4)zrAvikA una pramukha zrAvikAoM meM se eka thI, jo zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tIna lAkha aThAraha hajAra utkRSTa zrAvikAeM thii| isa para se tathA stambha naM.2 meM hama zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke AcAra kA jo vivaraNa de Aye haiM usa para se yaha spaSTa jAna sakate haiM ki aise AcAra vAlI revatI zrAvikA matsya-mAMsa-madirA ityAdi saba prakAra kI abhakSya vastuoM kI svayaM tyAginI thI, kyoM ki use arhat-vacana para dRr3ha zraddhA thI aura usane bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa karate samaya zrAvaka ke sAtaveM "bhogopabhoga parimANa" vrata meM ina abhakSya vastuoM kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| vaha yaha bhI jAnatI thI ki na to ahaMta-pravacana meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko mAMsAhAra banAne kI AjJA hai, na hI tIrthaMkara deva mAMsAhAra grahaNa karate haiM, tathA nigraMtha zramaNoM ko bhI mAsAhAra lene evaM karane kI manAhI hai / kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki sAta kuvyasanoM kI tyAginI tathA bAraha vratadhAriNI hone ke nAte mAMsa kharIda kara athavA uThA kara na lA sakatI thI, na pakA sakatI thI, aura na hI svayaM khA sakatI thii| na hI nigraMtha muni tathA tIrthaMkara ke liye mAMsAhAra de sakatI thI, vaha yaha bhI bhalI-bhAMti jAnatI

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bI ki mahaMta pravacana meM mAMsAhAra ko zramaNa magavAn mahAvIra ne naraka kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| mAMsa khAne vAle, lAne vAle tathA banAne vAle saba ko pAtaka (kasAI) kI koTi meM ginA hai / tathA yaha bhI bAta niHsandeha hai ki jo roga niggaMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra) ko isa samaya thA, jisa roga ke zamana ke liye yaha auSadha dAna dI gayI thI, usa roga meM mAMsAhAra atyanta hAnikAraka hai|' aise vicAroM se sampanna tathA zrAvikA. ke zreSTha cAritra (vratoM) se alaMkRta revatI zrAvikA mAMsAhAra banAe, vaha svayaM khAye athavA parivAra ko banA kara khilAye. tIrthakara ke liye de aura muni ko dAna meM de, yaha kadApi saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / tathA mAsAhAra ke dAna se tIrthakara nAmakarma kA upArjana kare evaM mRtyu uparAnta deva gati prApta kare, ye saba bAte jaina siddhAnta ke to viruddha hai hii| sAtha hI isa roga ke liye bhI mAMsa hAnikAraka hone se isa auSadha dAna ko mAMsAhAra ke dAna kI kalpanA karanA nitAnta anucita hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise mahAn saMyamI aura mahAna tapasvI, jinhoM ne tapa aura saMyama kI sAdhaka avasthA meM ghorAtighora upasargo tathA parISahoM ko vItarAga bhAva se sahana kiyA, navakoTika ahisA ko apanI AtmA meM ekAkAra karake vizva ke sAmane eka mahAn Adarza upasthita kiyA, aise karuNAsAgara, mahAn ahiMsaka niggaMTha nAyaputta (bhagavAna vardhamAna-mahAvIra)na to mAMsAhAra svIkAra kara sakate the aura na hI siMha anagAra ko lAne ke liye AjA de sakate the / 1--isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa Age kreNge|

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mAMsAhArI pradezoM meM rahane vAle jainadharmAvalambiyoM kA: jIvanasaMskAra tathA unake prabhAva vAle pravezoM meM anya dharmAvalambiyoM para unakA prabhAva 1---bhagavAna mahAvIra kI Adarza ahiMsA kA hI yaha prabhAva hai ki bhUtakAla meM athavA vartamAna kAla meM mAMsAhArI pradezoM meM bhI nivAsa karane vAle jainadharmAvalambI Aja bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiN| 2--jo jAtiyA~ hajAroM saikar3oM varSa pahale jaina dharma ko mAnatI thIM aura bAda meM nigraMtha zramaNoM ke vihAra una pradezoM meM na hone se saikar3oM varSoM se jaina dharma ko bhUla kara anya saMpradAyoM me mila cakI hai, parantu unake vaMzajoM ko apane pUrvajoM ke na hone kA jJAna hai, ve sarAkAdi jAtiyA~ baMgAla-bihAra jaise Aja ke mAMsAhArI pradezoM meM rahate hue bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI hai| rAtribhojana kI bhI tyAgI haiM, madya-mAMsa-matsya Adi sAta kuvyasanoM ko bhI tyAgI hai, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko apanA kuladevatA mAna kara unakI pUjA-upAsanA bhI karatI haiM, mArgAnusArI ke guNoM ke pAlana meM bhI tatpara rahatI haiM, isaliye inheM Aja bhI isa bAta kA garva hai ki ve Aja taka kisI bhI phaujadArI aparAdha se daMDita nahIM huii| 3--tathA jahA~-jahA~ para jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA Aja bhI prabhAva hai vahAM rahane vAlI vaiSNava, zaiva Adi jAtiyAM aisI haiM jo jaina dharmAnuyAyI na hote hue bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiN| 4-Aja se hajAroM-saMkar3oM varSa pahale kaI mAMsAMzI jAtiyoM ko kaI nirgrayoM ne jaina dharma meM ahisAmayI dIkSA de kara bhosavAla, khaMDelavAla,

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( 18 ) zrImAla, poravAla Adi vargoM kI sthApanA kI, jo taba se lekara Aja raka kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiN| 5--mAravAr3a, mevAr3a, gujarAta Adi pradezoM meM jahAM para aneka gItArtha nirgayoM ne jainadharma kA aneka zatAbdiyoM taka pracAra kiyA, unake upadezoM ke prabhAva se ina saba pradezoM kI adhikatara janatA nirAmiSAhArI hai| isa se ni saMkoca svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI (niggaMTha nAyaputta) kI ahiMsA me yadi matsya-mAMsa Adi abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa karane kI AjJA hotI to jainadharmAvalambI tathA una ke prabhAva vAle kSetra meM bhI Aja matsya-mAMsa Adi abhakSya padArtha bhakSaNa karane kI zithilatA Aye binA kadApi na rhtii|

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(8) anya tIrthakoM (jainetaroM) dvArA jainadharma sambandhI pAlocanA meM mAMsAhAra ke prAkSepa kA prabhAva apane-apane siddhAnto ke pracAra ke lie prAya: sabhI dharmAvalambI anya dharmoM kI ucita athavA anucita AlocanA karate pAye jAte haiN| isI bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI "nyAya-tarka zAstroM kA nirmANa huaa| yadi jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne anya dArzanikoM kI AlocanA kI hai, to anya dArzanikoM ne bhI janadharma kI AlocanA kI hai| 1-bauddhoM ne jainoM kI tapazcaryA tathA anekAnta Adi siddhAntoM kI galata vyAkhyAeM karake ina siddhAntoM kA apane DhaMga se khaNDana kiyA hai / kintu janoM para matsya-mA~sa-madirA Adi ke khAna-pAna kA athavA unakA upayoga karane kA kahIM bhI AkSepa nahIM kiyaa| 2--vaidika vidvAnoM ne janoM ke yAjJikahiMsA virodha ke bacAva ke lie una para to AkSepa kiye haiM ki yadi yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI pazuhiMsA, jo ki dhArmika mAnI jAtI hai pApamUlaka hai to tuma jaina loga upAzraya, maMdira Adi nirmANa, devapUjA Adi dhArmika kRtyoM meM hone vAlI hiMsA ko ahiMsaka rUpa meM kaise samAveza kara sakoge? isake sAtha hI syAdvAda Adi siddhAntoM kI bhI apane DhaMga se vyAkhyA karake kar3I mAlocanA kI hai| kintu usa samaya ke vidvAnoM ne jainoM para matsya-mA~samadirA Adi abhakSya padArthoM ke AhAra karane kA AkSepa bilkula nahIM kiyaa| 3-yadi koI aisA taka kare ki zAyada jainoM kA sAhitya anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke hAtha meM na gayA ho isalie janoM ke mAMsAhAra kI

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( 100 ) bAta unhe mAlUma na hone se janoM para aisA AkSepa na kiyA ho ! parantu prathama to yaha bAta hI asaMbhava hai ki jainoM ke graMtha kisI bhI anya dharmAvalamvI ne na dekhe -par3he hoN| bauddha piTakoM tathA anya saMpradAyoM ke dharmagraMthoM se spaSTa patA calatA hai ki aneka nigraMtha zramaNoM ne janadharma ko tyAga kara anya saMpradAyoM ko aGgIkAra kiyaa| aisI avasthA meM aise logoM ne jaina dharma chor3ane se pahale jaina zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana, zravaNa Adi avazya kiyA hI hogA aura nirgrathacaryA kA pAlana bhI kiyA hI hogA / ataH ve loga jaMna AcAra-vicAro se pUrNarUpeNa paricita the / jainadharma kA tyAga karane ke bAda jainadharma ke prati unakA anAdara honA bhI nizcita hai / aisI avasthA meM yadi jaina tIrthakara, nirbaMdha zramaNa evaM zramaNopAsakoM ke mA~sa matsyAdibhakSaNa karane kA varNana jainAgamoM meM hotA, athavA ve aisA abhakSya bhakSaNa karate hote, to isake lie anya dharmoM ko svIkAra karane vAle jainadharma ke virodha meM avazya mA~sAhAra kA AkSepa karate / ' dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ina tarkavAdiyoM kI yaha bAta mAna bhI lI jAya ki jeneta ra vidvAno ke hAtha meM jaina zAstra na Ane se ve una zAstroM pUrNarUpeNa anabhijJa rahe, isalie ve loga jainadharmiyoM ke mA~sAhAra karane kI AlocanA na kara paaye| isa bAta ke uttara meM hameM itanA hI kahanA hai ki yaha bAta to niHsaMdeha hI hai ki jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke AvaraNa se to saba dezavAsI paricita the / yadi jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM kisI bhI samaya kisI bhI rUpa meM mAMsa-matsyAhAra kA pracalana hotA to ve jainoM para isakA avazya AkSepa karate / 4 --- isI prakAra prAcIna athavA navIna jo bhI jainadharma se anya dharma-saMpradAya haiM, una saba ne jaina dharma kI kaI bAtoM kI AlocanA kI hogI, AkSepa bhI kiye hoMge, kintu kisI bhI dharma-saMpradAya ke vidvAnoM meM jaina para mAsAhAra kA AkSepa kabhI nahI kiyA / 5 -- yadi bhagavAt: mahAvIra athavA unakA nirgratha zramaNa yukta catuvidha

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saMgha mAsAhArI hote (cAhe vaha phira apavAda rUpa se athavA utsarga rUpa se ho) to yaha bAta nizcita hai ki anya tIrthika janoM para mAsAhAra kA AkSepa kiye binA kadApi na rahate ; ve avazya hI inakI avahelanA krte| syoM ki. hama dekhate haiM ki eka paMca kAlA apate paMtha ke pracAra ke liye dUsare paMtha ke mAmUlIse doSa ko pAne para use bahuta baDe rUpa meM baDhA car3hA kara athako ThIka aura nirdoSa bAta ko bhI usa kI viparIta vyAkhyA kara logoM ke samakSa vikRta rUpa meM dikhAne ke liye koI kasara bAkI uThA nahIM rakhatA, jisa se usa dharma ke prati ghRNA paidA karake janatA ko apanI ora AkRSTa kiyA jA ske| aimAkhaMDana-maMDana prAyaH pratyeka paMtha ke darzana zAstroM meM pAyA jAtA hai / tathA aneka bAra aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki 'AcAra sambandhI bhI AlocanA karake usa paMtha ke virodha meM pracAra kiyA jAtA hai| aisA hote hue bhI tatkAlIna kisI bhI dharma-saMpradAya vAle ne jainoM para mAMsAhAra kA Aropa nahIM lgaayaa| isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainoM meM mAsAhAra kA pUrNa rUpa se sadA niSedha calA A rahA hai| una ke isa pavitra AcAra se saba loga pUrI taraha se paricita the| aimI avasthA meM usa samaya yadi koI gopAladAsa paTela yA dharmAnanda kosAmbI jaisA vyakti aisA AkSepa karane kA duHsAhama karatA bhI to janatA me usakI pratiSThA jamane kI bajAya use mithyA pralApI samajhakara usake prati azraddhA ho jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| isa se yahI phalita hotA hai ki jaina tIrthakara, nirdhanya zramaNAdi caturvidha jainasagha kadApi mAsAhAra nahI karate the|

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tathAgata gautama buddha ko nimrantha avasthA ko tapazcaryA meM mAMsAhAra ko grahaNa na karane kA varNana / hama isa nibandha ke prathama khaNDa ke navame stambha meM likha Aye haiM ki gautama buddha ne kucha kAla taka nigraMtha avasthA meM raha kara nirgaya paramparAmAnya tapazcaryA ko kiyA thaa| usameM buddha ne svayaM kahA hai ki maiM-1matsya-mAMsa-surA Adi vastue nahIM letaayaa|2--btthehe sthAna para diye hue anna ko aura 3-apane liye taiyAra kiye hue anna ko grahaNa nahIM karatA thA, ityAdi / (majjhima nikAya mahAsIhanAda sutta) isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki 1-yadi buddha ke samaya nigraMtha paramparA me mAsAhAra kA pracAra hotA to gautama buddha niyacaryA kA pAlana karate samaya ke varNana me kadApi yaha na kahate ki "mai matsya-mAMsasurA Adi kA sevana nahI karatA thA" / 2-kyoMki buddhatva prApta karane ke bAda to buddha tathA unake bhikSu mAsAhAra karate the, taba jana Adi anya paMthoM vAle, jo ina abhakSya padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karate the, ve bauddhoM para isa zithilatA ke liye AkSepa bhI kiyA karate the| yadi nigraMtha paramparA me mAMsAhAra kA pracAra hotA to gautama buddha apane bacAva ke liye jainoM ko uttara meM yaha avazya kahate pAye jAte ki tuma bhI to mAsAhAra karate ho? kintu aisA AkSepa bauddha graMtho se kahI bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa|3ydi nigraMtha paramparA meM mAMsAhAra kA sarvathA niSedha na hotA to sambhavataH gautama baddha nigraMtha dharma ko tyAga karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta na karate / unhoMne nimratyacaryA kI isa kaThoratA ke pAlana karane meM apane Apa ko asamartha pAyA; isaliye unheM isa mArga ko chor3e vinA anya koI upAya

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( 103 ) nahIM thA ve nirgranthoM se alaga ho kara hI matsya-mAMsa jaisI abhakSya vastuoM kA bhakSaNa kara sakate the / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nirgranyacaryA meM mAMsAhAra kI kicinmAtra bhI 'jAiza nahIM hai / bauddha, kApAlika, vedadharmanuyAyI tathA anya aneka sampradAya usa samaya mAMsa-matsyAdi bhakSaNa karane vAle the, aisI avasthA meM yadi koI aisA tarka karatA ho ki jaba anya dharmAvalambI mAMsa-matsyAdi kA AhAra karate the to jaina isa se kaise baca sakate the ? yaha dalIla bhI ina kI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai; kyoMki usa samaya aneka anyamatAvalambI tapasvI bhI jainoM ke samAna hI mAMsAhAra nahIM karate the aura isa kA pUrNa rUpa se niSedha karate the, aisA hama bauddha graMtha suttanipAta ke caudahaveM AmagaMdha sutta meM eka tapasvI kA kAzyapa buddha ke sAtha hue saMvAda se jAna sakate haiN| vaise ho, jaina bhI ina abhakSyabhakSaNoM se sadA alipta rahe haiN| tathA mAMsa-matsya bhakSaNa ke sarvavyApI pracAra ke isa yuga meM, aise gaMde vAtAvaraNa meM, bhI jaina samAja isa se sA bacI huI hai yaha hamAre sAmane pratyakSa pramANa haiM /

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( 10 // zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA roga tathA usake liye upayukta praussdh| niggaMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra) ko cAra prakAra ke roga the--(1) rakta pitta, (2) pitta jvara, (3) dAha, tathA (4) raktAtisAra roga the| aura ye roga una ko kevalI avasthA meM hue the| jo ki una ke birodhI gozAlaka ke dvArA choDI huI tejolezyA ke sparza se ho gayA thaa| tejolezyA me itanI prabala dAhaka zakti hotI hai ki usake lapeTa me jo A jAtA hai vaha bhasma ho jAtA hai| isI liye bhagavAn mahAvIra ko isake sparza mAtra ke prabhAva se hI aisA dAhaka roga ho gayA thaa| isa roga ke upacAra ke liye kauna-sI auSadha upayukta ho sakatI hai isa kA nirNaya karane se pahale hama pAThako kI jAnakArI ke liye isa roga ke kAraNa, lakSaNa tathA vRddhi ke kAraNa batalA denA cAhate hai, tAki hama jAna sake ki nidAna me cikitsA-zAstra kI dRSTi se prANyaga mAsa bhakSaNa karanA lAbhakArI ho sakatA hai athavA vanaspati se taiyAra kI huI auSadha ? 1-rakta-pitta roga kA lakSaNa, bheda tathA kAraNaH-- raktapitta triSA proktamUvaMga kaphasaMgatam / adhoga mAratAjjaya tadva yena dvimArgagama // 19 // (sAragadhara sahitA pra0 kha0 a07) arthAta-raktapitta tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) UrdhvagAmI, (2) adhogAmI, (3) ubhayagAmI (Upara va nIce dono mArgoM se rakta jAya) UrdhvagAmI--jisa roga me makha, nAka Adi Urdhva mArga se rakta giratA hai| vaha kapha ke sambandha se hotA hai|

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adhomAgaMgAmI--jisa roma meM gudA, liMga Adi adhomArga se rakta giratA hai; vaha roga vAta ke sambandha se hotA hai| Upara aura nIce donoM mArgoM se rakta girane vAlA rakta-pitta dvimArgagAmI kahalAtA hai aura vaha vAta aura kapha ina donoM kAraNoM se hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha roga tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| roga hone ke kAraNa:-- agni ke adhika tApa me, dhUpa meM bahuta Dolane se, ati parizrama karane se, bahuta mArga calane se ityAdi aneka kAraNoM se rudhira ke bimaDa jAne se, rudhira Upara ke athavA nIce ke mArga se athavA donoM mArgoM se hokara nikalatA hai use raktapitta roga kahate haiN| . isa roga meM apathya-khaTTe padArtha, khAre padArtha, dahI, tAmbUla, kaDace padArtha ityAdi / AryabhiSaka) 2-~-pitta jvara ke lakSaNa:--sAre zarIra me dAha, svara kA vega tIvra, tuSA, mUrchA, alpa nidrA, muMha kar3avA, atisAra ityaadi| (Arya bhiSak pR0 519) 3-vAha roga ke lakSaNa :--zarIra zuSka tathA tapta honA ityaadi| yaha roga agni dvArA jalane athavA jhulasane se, sUrya ke tApa meM phirane se, garama padArthoM ke sevana se athavA pitta ke prakopa vagairaha se anta hi (zarIra ke andara kI dAha) tathA bahirdAha (bAhara zarIra jalatA hai) athavA donoM dAha utpanna hote hai| isa ke sAta bheda haiM-(1) rakta pitta dAha, (2) rakta dAha, (3) pitta dAha, (4) tRSNA dAha, (5) raktapUrNodaradAha, (6) dhAtu dAha, (7) marmaghAta daah| isa roga meM apathya--rAste calanA, khAre tathA pitta kara padArtha khAnA, paramI lenA, marama padArtha khAnA ityaadi| (AryabhiSak pR0550)| 4-raktAtisAra-lahU ke sAtha TaTTI AnA; ise maror3a bhI kahate haiM / apathya--mala mUtra avarodha, kozIphala, snigdha bhojana, tathA bhArI padArtha ityaadi| (AryabhiSak pR0491-92)

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yahA~ para hamane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke roga, usake hone ke kAraNa, lakSaNa, tathA apathya Adi kA vistRta svarUpa varNana kara diyA hai| jisa kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai| gozAlaka ke tejolezyA chor3ane para usa ke tIvra tApa ke kAraNa bhagavAn ko avogAmI rakta-pitta, tathA raktAtisAra ho jAne ke kAraNa khUna kI TaTTiyAM laga gayI thiiN| pittajvara tathA dAharoga bhI the, jinake kAraNa tIvra jvara tathA zarIra meM bahuta adhika jalana bhI thii| ye roga garama, snigdha, bhArI padArtha tathA khaTTe, khAre, kar3ave padArthoM ke sevana se ___ hama yahAM para isa bAta kA vicAra kareMge ki isa roga meM mAMsAhAra lAbhakArI hai athavA ghAtaka ? mAMsa ke guNa aura doSa-- ____ "snigdha, ujma, guru, rakta-pittajanaka vAtahara / sarvamAMsa vAtadhvaMsi vRSyaM // " arthAt-~mAMsa snigdha, garama, bhArI, rakta-pitta ko paidA karane vAlA tathA vAta ko dUra karane vAlA hai| saba prakAra ke mAMsa vAtahara tathA bhArI hai| yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke roga kA vicAra kare to yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha ho jAtI hai ki murge kA mAMsa isa roga ko nivAraNa nahIM kara sakatA, kyoki mAsa isa roga ko utpanna tathA vRddhi karane vAlA hai| yaha Ayurveda zAstra kA spaSTa mata hai| ata: isa se yahI phalita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra para mAMsAhAra kA doSa lagAnA nitAnta anucita hai| isa liye revatI zrAvikA dvArA isa auSadha dAna meM jo dravya diyA gayA bhA vaha kukkuTa mAMsa (murge kA mAsa) kadApi nahIM thA, kintu koI vanaspati vizeSa thI / yaha oSadha kaunasI thI isa kA nirNaya hama Age kreNge|

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( 11 ) vivAdAspada prakaraNa vAle pATha meM pAne vAle zabdoM ke vAstavika artha (1) mAMsa zamna kI utpatti kA itihAsa prArambha meM mAMsa zabda kisI bhI padArtha ke garbha arthAt bhItarI sAra bhAga ke artha meM prayukta hotA thA / ghore-ghore yaha zabda manuSyAdi prANadhAriyoM ke tRtIya dhAtu ke artha meM tathA vanaspati janita phala mevoM Adi ke artha meM prayukta hone lgaa| ___ vaidika dharma ke sarvAdhika prAcIna graMtha "Rgved "meM pazuyajJoM kA tathA rahmaNoM ke mAra khAne kA varNana nahIM hai| 'dika nighaNTra meM mAMsa sanda athavA mAMsa kA koI anya nAma nahIM miltaa| parantu usa samaya mAMsa thA to avazya / prAcIna veda tathA prAcIna vaidika koza meM isakA ullekha na hone kA kAraNa yahI hai ki tatkAlIna RSi loga prANI ke aMga rUpa mAMsa kA kisI kArya meM istemAla nahIM karate the| isa liye unako banAI huI vaidika RcAoM me mAMsa zabda nahIM AtA thA aura na hI use vaidika nighaNTa meM likhane kI AvazyakatA thii| bAda meM Rgveda meM kucha sUkta prakSipta hue, una sUktoM meM mAMsa aura RviSa ye do zabda pAye jAne lge| atharvavedasaMhitA meM mAMsa zabda ke uparAnta pizita aura RviS zabda milate haiN| yadyapi veda meM Ama zabda kacce mAMsa ko kahate haiM / parantu AcArya yAska ke mata se veda kAla meM Ama zabda sAmAnya mAMsa meM prayukta hotA hogA / jaina aura bauddha saMpradAyoM ke prAcIna sUtroM me Ane vAle Amagandha zabdoM ke 'Ama' isa zabda kA mAMsa ke artha meM hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa se pratIta hotA hai, ki Aja se DhAI hajAra

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varSa aura isa se pahile mAMsa, pizita, mAma aura RviSa ye cAra zabda mAMsa ke artha meM prayukta hote the| (2) mAMsa ke nAmoM meM vRddhi IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI taka mAMsa ke cAra nAma hI pracalita the / ina meM se Ama aura RviS vaidika nAma hone ke kAraNa lokavyavahAra meM se lupta ho gaye, parantu mAsa ke kucha naye nAma bhI pracalita ho gaye, jinakA Rmika itihAsa isa prakAra hai / "amara koza" jo ki vidyamAna saba zabda kogoM se prAcIna hai-pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI kRti hai-usameM mAMsa ke chaH nAma milate haiN| isake cha tathA sAta sau varSa bAda athavA gyArahavI, bArahavI, zatAbdI me hone vAle vaijayantI tathA abhidhAnacintAmaNi kozoM meM kramazaH bAraha tathA teraha nAma sagraha hue hai.-- "mAMsapalala jAMgale / raktAt tejobhavetravya kAzyapa sarasAmiSe // 622 / medaskRta pizitaM konaM palam / / (abhiSAnacintAmaNi) ukta mAmAdi nAmoM ke arthoM kA vicAra karane meM spaSTa hotA hai ki mAMsa, jisakA artha prANi-aga hotA hai. yaha manuSya ke khAne kA padArtha nahIM thaa| pratyeka nAma sadA ke liye eka hI artha meM prayukta nahIM hotaa| kaI aise nAma hai jo prAraMbha meM ekArthaka hote hue bhI hajAroM varSoM ke bAda anakArthaka bana cuke haiM, jaise--akSa, madhu, hari Adi naam| kaI anekArthaka nAma hajAroM varSoM ke bAda ekArthaka bana jAte haiM, jaise mRga,phala mAMsa Adi zabdoM ke artha gahita ho jAne ke kAraNa una arthoM kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / kozakAra apane samaya meM jo zabda jima artha kA vAcaka hotA hai. so usI artha kA pratipAdaka batAte haiN| luptArthoM tathA bhaviSyat artho kI kalpanA meM ve kabhI nahIM paDate / jyoM jyoM jisa padArtha ke nAma bar3hate jAte haiM, tyoM tyoM Age ke kozakAra apane koza meM saMgraha karate jAte haiN|

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( 109 ) (3) vanaspatyaMga mA~sa Adi jisa prakAra manuSyAdi prANadhAriyoM ke zarIra meM (1) rasa, (2) kari (3) mAMsa, (4) medas (5) asthi, (6) majjA, aura (7) vIrya - ye sAta dhAtu hai, usI prakAra ati prAcIna kAla meM vanaspatiyoM ke bhI rasAdi sAta dhAtu mAne jAte the / 1- manuSyAdi prANadhAriyoM kA zarIrAvaraNa carma athavA tvacA kahalAtA hai, usI prakAra vanaspatiyoM ke zarIra kA AvaraNa bhI carma athavA tvak kahalAtA hai / " 2- manuSyAdi prANadhAriyoM ke AhAra se taiyAra huA sattva rasa kahalAtA hai vaise hI vanaspatiyoM meM rahA huA jala bhAga rasa kahalAtA hai / 2 3 - prANadhAriyoM ke zarIra se niSpanna tattva rudhira kahalAtA hai vaise hI vanaspatiyoM meM taiyAra hone vAlA srAva unakA rudhira kahalAtA hai / 3 4- prANadhAriyoM ke rudhira se banane vAlA Thosa padArtha mAMsa kahalAtA hai vase hI vanaspatiyoM se milane vAlA sAra bhAga (gUdA ) mAMsa kahalAtA hai 1- zamI - palAza- khadira- bilvA zvastha vikaDUna nyagrodha- panasA-khazirISodumbarANAM sarvayAjJikavRkSANAM carma kaSAyakalazenA'bhivivdhati XXX (bodhAyana gRhasUtra pu0 255 ) arthAt zamI, palAza, khadira, bilva, azvattha, vikakRta, nyagrodha, panasa, Amra, zirISa, udumbara ina vRkSoM tathA anya sarva yAjJika vRkSoM ke carma (chilake) ke cUrNa se mile jala bhare kalaza se (viSNumUrti kA ) abhiSeka kreN| 2 - tasmAttadA tuNAtpreti raso vRkSAdi vAhatAt (bRhadAraNyakopani 0 ) arthAt-- jisa prakAra vRkSa para prahAra karane se rasa nikalatA hai vaise hI vRkSa puruSa ke paroha se rasa nikalatA hai / 3-svaca evAsya rudhiraM prasyandi tvaca utpadaH (bRhadAraNyakopani 0 ) arthAt - isakA rudhira srAva hai jo tvacA (chilake ) ke bhItara se jharatA hai / 4- mAMsapatha nArikelam (caraka saMhitA) f

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( 110 ) 5-prANadhAriyoM ke mAMsa se medas (medo, kinATa) dhAtu banatA hai, vaise vRkSoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM se medas sadRza srAva nikalatA hai, use vanaspati kA medo dhAtu kahate haiN| 6-prANadhAriyoM ke zarIra meM rahane vAle kaThora bhAga ko asthi kahate haiM, vaise banaspatiyoM ke zarIra meM rahane vAle (guThalI-bIjoM) ko asthi / kahate haiN| 7-prANadhAriyoM kI asthiyoM meM hone vAle snigdha padArtha ko majjA dhAtu kahate haiM, vaise phaloM kI guThaliyoM tathA bIjoM me se nikalane vAle snigdha padArtha ko vRkSa kI majjA kahate haiN| 8-prANadhAriyoM ke aMtima dhAtu ko retas athavA vIrya Adi nAma prApta haiM, vaise vanaspatiyoM meM bhI amuka-amuka prakAra kI zaktiyoM rahatI hai| unako zItavIrya, uSNavIrya, Adi nAmo se kahate haiN| 9-prANadhAriyoM ke zarIra para ke roma rogaTe aura sira para ke romabAla kahalAte haiM, vaise hI vanaspatiyoM ke zarIra para bhI roma tayA bAla artha-khajUra kA mAMsa (gUdA) aura nAriyala kA mAsa (girii)| 5-mAMsAnyasya zakarANi konATa lAvatat sthitam (bRhadAra0) artha-bhItara ke sAra bhAga ke Tukar3e isakA mAMsa aura snigdha jamA huA srAva isa kA kinATa (medodhAtu) hai| 6-asthibojAnAM zakRdAlepa zAkhinAM gartadAho go'sthi-kRtiH kAle dohavaM ca / (kauTilya arthazAstra pR0 118) artha-asthi (guThalI) aura bIja vAle vRkSoM ke bIjoM ko govara kA lepa karake bonA caahiye| 7-8-vAtAdamajA madhurA, vRSyA tiktaa'nilaaphaa| snigboSNA kaphanneSTA, raktapittavikAriNAm // 125 // (bhAvaprakAza ni0) ___ artha-bAdAma kI majjA (girI) mIThI, puSTi kAraka, vAyu ko nAza karane vAlI, raktapitta ke rogiyoM ko hAnikAraka, snigdha, uSNavIrya,

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( 111 ) mAna jAte haiM / E 10 - jaise prANadhAriyoM meM AMta hotI hai, vaise phaloM meM bhI AMteM mAnI gayI haiN| jinake dvArA phala meM rahe hue bIja ke zirAoM, gUde medas ko rasa pahu~catA hai; una rezoM ko vaidya loga antra kahate haiM / suzruta saMhitA meM inase bhI spaSTa ullekha milatA hai, jo nIce diyA jAtA hai / 10 cUtaphale paripakva kezara -mAMsA - 'sthi-majjAnaH bRzyante, kAlaprakarSAt / tAnyeva taruNe nopalabhyante, teSAM sUkSmANAM kezarAdInAM kAlaH pravyaktatAM karoti / ( suzruta saMhitA zA0 A0 3 zlo0 32 ) artha - pake Ama ke phaloM meM kezara, mAMsa, asthi majjA pratyakSa pRthaka-pRthaka sUkSmatvAt / ( garaka) aura kafa karane vAlI hotI hai / 9-sa vA eSa pazurevAlabhyate, yat puroDAzastasya kizArUNi tAni maNi, ye tuvAH sA tvak, ye phalIkaraNAstava, yat pRSThaM kikunasAH, yat sAraM tanmAMsa, yatkiJcit kaMsAraM tadasthi, sarveSAM vA eva pazUnAM medhena yajate tasmAdAhuH puroDAzasatraM lokyamiti (dvitIya paJjikA a0 pR0115 ) artha: - yaha pazu kA hI Alabhana kiyA jAtA hai, jo puroDAza taiyAra karate haiM (usa meM ) yava vrIhi para jo kizArU (zUka) hote haiM, ve ina ke roma haiM, ina para jo tuSa hai vaha inakA carma haiM, jo phalIkaraNa hai vaha inakA ruSira hai, jo pRSTha hai vaha isakI rIr3ha hai, isakA jo kucha sAra bhAga hai vaha mAMsa hai, inakA jo kasAra ( Upara kA kaThora bhAga) hai vaha asthi hai, jo isa puroDAza se yajJa karatA hai, vaha saba pazuoM se yajJa karatA hai| isa vAste puroDAza ko lokahitakArI satra kahate haiM / 10 -- samutsRjya tato bIjAna, antrANi tu samutsRjet / tAni prakSAlya prakSAlya toyena pravaNyAM nikSipet punaH // ( pAkadarpaNa pu0 25) artha -- usameM se bIja tathA AMteM nikAla deM, phira use dho DAleM aura - bAda meM pravaNI meM rakhe /

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( 112 ) rUpa se dikhalAI dete haiM / parantu kacce Ama meM ye aMga sUkSma avastha meM hone ke kAraNa alaga-alaga dikhalAI nahIM dete| una sUkSma keza Adi ko samaya vyakta rUpa detA hai / 4-- mAMsAdi zabdoM ke aMgrejI kozakAroM ke artha mAMsa (saMskRta) : | = 1 ww Flesh. snAyu kA samaha / 2- The flesh of fish. machalI kA mAMsa / 3 - The fleshy part of a fruit phala kA gUdA, girI athavA narama bhAga | ( ASTakRta saMskRta- agrejI DIkzanarI pR0 753) Flesh arthAt --mAMga isa zabda kA artha nimna hai 1--The muscular part of animal. prANI kA snAyu / 2 -- Soft pulpy substance of fruit. phala kA narama bhAga, gUdA / 3 -- That part of root, fruit etc, which is fit to be eaten. kanda, phala Adi meM jo bhAga khAyA jA sake, vaha bhAga / Stone --- patthara isa zabda kA artha nimna hai - 1-- Stone of a mango. Ama kI guThalI 2--Stone in bladder. pattharI / (English Dictionary by J. Ogilvie) 5 - vartamAna meM mAne jAne vAle prANIvAcya zabdoM tathA mAMsa matsyAdi zabdoM ke aneka artha 'palala' --- Ajakala yaha zabda mA~sa kA nAma mAnA jAtA hai, parantu

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( 113 ) yaha zabda kaI arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, jaise ki: "palalaM tilacUrNaM syAnmAMsaM kardamabhevayoH / " (vaijayantI) artha- -- palala yaha tilacUrNa kA nAma hai tathA mA~sa aura kIcar3a ke bheda meM bhI yaha vyavahRta hotA hai / 'animiSa'- - zabda se Ajakala vidvAna kevala matsya ko hI samajha lete haiM / parantu isake pA~ca artha hote hai / jaise ki :--- " prathAmare save / animeSo'pyanimiSo'pyatha cAMDAlaziSyayauH / syAdantevAsIti + + +1" (vaijayantI) artha - animeSa tathA animiSa zabda deva, matsya, cAMDAla, ziSya aura antevAsI (nikaTavartI AjJAkArI manuSya) ke artha meM prayukta hote haiM / 'pezI' - - zabda Ajakala ke vidvAnoM ke vicAra meM mAMsa ke Tukar3oM athavA mAMsa ballI ke artha meM hI pracalita hai / parantu vAstava meM isa ke aneka artha hote haiM / so jJAta kareM- "pezI mAMsyasikozayoH ! maNDabheve palapiNDe supakvakaNike'pi ca" ( anekArthasaMgraha) artha -- pezI, talavAra kI myAna, pakvAnna ke bheda, mAMsa ke piMDa, ghRta pakva kaNikA -- itane padArthoM ke nAma haiM / 'zaza ' -- zabda sAmAnya rUpa se kharagoza ke artha meM prasiddha hai, parantu yaha zabda dUsare bhI aneka padArthoM kA vAcaka hai, jaise ki- "zazaH pazau // 558 // bole lodhre nRbhede ca / " (anekArtha) artha - - zaza - kharagoza pazu, hIrAbola, lodhra aura puruSa vizeSa hotA hai / 'afer' zabda kA artha vartamAna samaya meM mAMsa kiyA jAtA hai; parantu isake aura bhI aneka artha hote haiM, jaise ki :

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( 114 ) AmiSaM pale // 1330 // sandarAkArarUpAdau sammomelomalancayoH / ( anekArtha) artha-AmiSa--mAMsa, sundarAkAra rUpa Adi, sambhoga, lobha aura rizavata hai| 'pala' zabda kA artha Ajakala eka taraha kA tola, kAla vizeSa aura mAMsa ke artha meM prasiddha hai| parantu pahale isake nimna artha samajhe jAte the "pala: palAlo dhAnyatvak tuSo buse kaDaMgarAH" / / 1182 // (abhidhAnacitAmaNi) arthAt- pala, palala, dhAnya kA chilakA, tuSa aura kaDaMgara ye bhUse ke nAma hai| 'aja' nAma se Aja bakarA aura viSNu kA artha samajhA jAtA hai, kintu isake artha svarNa mAkSika, dhAtu, purAne dhAnya, jo ugane kI zakti naSTa kara cuke hoM, hote hai / (zAligrAma auSava zabda sAgara / ye saba uparyukta uddharaNa dene kA Azaya yaha hai ki mAMsa, majjA, asthi Adi zabda jisa prakAra prANiyoM ke agoM ke liye Ate hai umI prakAra vanaspati ke ago ke liye bhI Ate haiN| tathA jina zabdoM kA artha hama prANI samajhate haiM, una zabdoM kA prayoga vanaspati aura pakvAnoM Adi khAdya padArthoM ke liye bhI hotA hai| emI paristhiti meM likhe gaye zAstroM ke vivaraNoM ke arthanirNaya me vidvAnoM dvArA galtI honA asaMbhava nahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vedoM, jainAgamo tathA bauddhapiTakoM meM Ane vAle tatkAlIna khAdyapadArtho ke artha meM Ane vAle zabdo ko prasaMgoM tathA paristhitiyoM kA vicAra kie vinA artha kA anartha karake Aja kala ke katipaya vidvAnoM ne aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM ghuser3a dI haiN| aba hama isa viSaya ko lambA na karake yahAM para kucha aise zabdoM kI sUci dete haiM jina ke artha vanaspati aura prANI donoM hote haiN|

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nAma lakSmI 6- zabda jo prANacArI aura vanaspati donoM ke vAcaka hai-- prANI-artha banaspati-artha rAvaNa laMkA kA rAjA tandula phala, indrAyana lakSmaNa rAma kA bhAI prasarakaTAlI, jar3a dazaratha kA beTA cirAyatA surapriyA devI, devAMganA camelI puSpa brahmA cAra muha vAlA brahmA palAza pApar3A vibhISaNa rAvaNa kA bhAI varakula mUla viSNu viSNu avatAra pIpala vRkSa viSNupatnI kAlI miraca ziva zaMkara harar3a pArvatI bhavAnI, zivapatnI dezI haldI kRSNa devakInandana ajapIpala kapi bandara zilArama Ama mAMsa Amra phala zaza kharagoza lodhra bAlaka baccA mothe kalabha hAthI kA baccA dhatUre kA vRkSa gokarNa gAya kA kAna aparAjitA go jihvA gAya kI jIbha gobhI gozIrSa gAya kA mira candana kAka, kAkazIrSa kauA, koe kA mira agastya vRkSa turaMga sedhA namaka pezI mAMsapiMDa jaTAmAMsI mahAmuni bar3A sAdhu dhaniyA mArjAra billI agastya vRkSa, hiMgoTI vRkSa, vidArIkanda, lavaMga ityAdi ghor3A

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sUbara varAha zvadaMSTrA vitra jaTAyu vAnarI, markaTI, vAnarIvIja, kapi mAMsaphala kokilA, kokilAkSa hastikarNa tvaka asthi bhujaMga rAjakumAra kalmIzorA nAgaramothA kutte kI dAr3ha gokharU brAhmaNa pIpala kA vRkSa pakSI vizeSa guggula bandarI kauMca ke bIja bandara kauMca ke bIja mAMsa begana koyala, koyala kI AMkha tAla mambAne hAthI kA kAna lAla eraMDa kI jar3a camaDI chilakA haDDI bIja, guThalI sAMpa nAgakesara javAna strI gulAba taruNI 7--vartamAna kAla meM kucha pracalita zabda zabda prANI vAcaka vanaspativAcaka kukkur3I kukkur3a murgI, murgA bhuTTe (uttarapradeza) (pajAba gujarAta) bhAjI mAMsa (mulatAna-siMdha rAdhA huA zAka deza) galagala guTTahAra pakSI bIjorA, phala vizeSa tarakArI mAsa (uttara paMjAba) sAga, sabjI (rAjasthAna) cIla cIla pakSI (uttarapradeza) cIla zAka kI bhAjI gIlahor3I gilaharI (uttarapradeza) zAka

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lajjAlu popaTA strI chuI-muI paudhA free in ( mAlavA ) harA canA (gujarAta) vibhatsa aMga Amra phala bakarI bhuTTe (paMjAba) uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki aneka zabda aise haiM jinakA prayoga Aja kala kI cAlU bhASA meM bhI prANiyoM tathA vanaspatiyoM donoM meM hotA hai, evaM prANiyoM ke aMgoM tathA vanaspatiyoM ke baMgoM ke lie bhI aisA hI hai| tathA yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki eka zabda kA artha :-- deza, kAla aura bhASA Adi kI apekSA se bhI bhinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai / isa liye sujJa puruSa vahI hai jo prasaMga, paristhiti, deza, kAla, bhASA evaM vyakti ke caritra Adi ko samajha kara usake anukUla artha ko svIkAra kare / ( 117 ) cUta chAllI 8-- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra 1 bhagavatI sUtra zataka 18 uddezA 10 meM zramaNa bhagavAn havI. tathA somila nAmaka brAhmaNa kA eka prasaMga AtA hai| usa meM varNana hai ki ekadA bhagavAna vANijya grAma meM pdhaare| vahA~ somila nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA thA / vaha dhanADhya, aparibhUta sAmarthyavAna tathA Rgveda Adi samasta brAhmaNa zAstroM kA pAraMgata vidvAna thA / vaha pAMcasau ziSyoM tathA bahuta bar3e kuTumba kA adhipati thA / eka dina vaha prabhu mahAvIra ke pAsa samavasaraNa meM AyA aura usane aneka kUTa prazna puuche| una meM kucha prazna bhakSyAbhakSya sambandhI bhI pUche, so usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| [prazna ] ' sarisavA te bhaMte ! ki bhakkhayA, abhakkhayA ? [uttara] somilA ! sarisacA [ me] bhakvayA vi abhaktvayA vi / [pra0 ] se keNaNaM bhaMte ! evaM buvai - 'sarisavA bhakleyA vi amakyA vi ? [ usara] se nUNaM te somilA! babhalae naesu duvihA sarisavA pannatA, 1. ' sarisava' zliSTa prAkRta zabda hai| isakA eka artha sarSapa ( rUsI) hotA hai aura dUsarA artha samAnavayaska mitra hotA hai|

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( 118 ) taM jahA mitta sarisavAya pannasarisavAya / tatya NaM jete mittasarisavAte. tivihA pannatA, taM jahA-sahamAyayA, sahavaDiyayA, sahapaMsukoliyayA, se paM. samaNANaM niggaMthANaM abhkkheyaa| tatya NaM je te pannasarisavA te duvihA pannattA, taMjahA-satyapariNayA ya asatyapariNayA ya, tatya gaMjete asasthapariNayA te gaM samaNANaM niggaMyANaM abhkkhyaa| tatya gaMje te satyapariNayA te dubihA pannattA, ta jahA-esaNijjA ya aNesaNijjA y| tatva meM te aNesaNijjA te samaNANaM niggaMthANaM abhkkheyaa| tattha NaM jete esaNijAte duvihA pannatA, taM jahA-jAiyA ya ajAiyA ya / tattha gaMje te ajAiyA te NaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM abhakkhayA / tattha gaM je te jAiyA te duvihA pannattA, taM jahA-laddhA ya aladdhA ya / tatya NaM je te aladdhA te NaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM abhakkhayA / tattha Na je te lakhA te NaM samaNANaM niggaMyANaM bhakkhayA, se teNaTaNaM somilA! evaM buccai-jAva abhakkhayA fa ___ arthAta - (prazna) haM bhagavana ! sarisava ko Apa bhakSya mAnate haiM athavA abhakSya ? (uttara) he somila! sarisava mujhe bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai / (prazna) he bhagavana ! isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? (uttara) he somila ! tumhAre brAhmaga granthoM me do prakAra kA sarisava kahA hai, (1) mitra sarisava-samAnavayaska (2) aura dhAnya sarisava / isa me jo mitra sarisava hai vaha tIna prakAra kA hai : (1) sAtha janmA huA, (2) sAtha meM palA huA, aura (3) sAtha meM khelA huA / ye tInoM prakAra ke sarisavA (samAnavayaska) mitra zramaNa nigaMthoM ko abhakSya haiM / jo dhAnya sarisava hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai / zastrapariNata aura azastrapariNata isa me jo azastrapariNata-agni Adi zastra se nirjIva nahI huA--vaha zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya haiN| aura jo zastrapariNata (agni Adi se nirjIva huA) hai vaha do prakAra kA hai : (1) SaNIya-icchA karane yogya, nirdoSa (2) aneSaNIya na icchA karane yogya-sadoSa / isa meM jo aneSaNIya hai vaha zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya hai| jo eSaNIya sarasoM hai

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( 119 ) vaha do prakAra kI hai : (1)yAcita-~-mAMgI huI (2) ayAcita-nahIM mAMgI huii| isa meM jo ayAcita sarasoM hai vaha zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya hai| jo yAcita sarasoM haiM vaha bhI do prakAra kI hai : (1) prApta huI aura (2). na prApta huii| isa meM jo nahIM milI vaha zramaNa nirgranthoM ko abhakSya hai| jo sarasoM zramaNa nigraMthoM ko mila gayI ho mAtra vaha bhakSya hai| he somila! isa lie maiM kahatA hU~ ki sarisava bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai| (pra0) mAsA se bhaMte! ki bhakkhayA, abhakkhayA ? (u0) somilA! mAsA bhakkhayA vi abhayaleyA vi (pra0) se keNacheNaM jAva abhakkhayA vi? (u0) se nUrNa te somilA! babhannaesu naesu vihA mAsA pannattA,taM jahA-davvamAsA yakAlamAsA ya / tasya gaMje te kAlamAsA te NaM sAvaNAdIyA AsADhapajjavasANA duvAlasaM pannattA, taM jahA-sAvaNe, bhaddavae, Asoe, kattie, maggasire, pose, mAhe, phaggume, citte, baisADe, jevAmUle, AsADhe, te gaM samaNAgaM niggaMyANaM abhkkhyaa| tattha gaMje te dadhamAsA te duvihA pannattA, taM jahA-atyamAsA ya dhannamAsA ya |tty NaM je te atyamAsA te buvihA pannattA, taM jahA-suvannamAsA ya ruppamAsA ya, te NaM samaNANaM niggaMyANaM abhakkheyA / tattha NaM je te dhannamAsA te vihA pannattA, taMjahAsatyapariNayA asatthapariNayA ya.evaM jahA bannasarasivA jAva se teNaNaM jAba abhakkhayA vi| __ arthAta --(pra0) he bhagavana ! 'mAsa' bhakSya hai ki abhakSya ? (u0) he somila! mAsa bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai| (pra0) he bhagavana ! yaha kisa kAraNa se Apa kahate haiM ki 'mAsa' bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai ? (u0) he momila! brAhmaNa graMthoM meM 'mAsa' do prakAra kA kahA hai, vaha isa prakAra--dravya mAsa aura kAla mAsa / ina meM jo kAla mAsa hai vaha sAvana se le kara ASAr3ha taka bAraha mahIne haiM, ve isa prakArazrAvana bhAdoM, Asoja, kArtika, mArgazIrSa, poSa, mAgha, phAlguNa, caMtra, vaisAkha, jeTha, aura ASAr3ha, ye zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya haiN| ina meM jo dravya mAsa hai-vaha bhI do prakAra kA hai, so isa prakAra-artha mAsa aura

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( 120 ) dhAnya mAsa / usa meM jo ayaM mAsa hai, vaha bhI do prakAra - "svarNamAsa vIra raupyamAsa / yAnI cAMdI kA mAsA, sone kA mAsA ( eka prakAra ke tolane ke bA~Ta) / ye bhI zramaNa nirgrayoM ko abhakSya haiN| jo dhAnya bhASa (ur3ada ) haiM, ve bhI do prakAra ke haiM- zastrapariNata ( agni Adi se acitta hue) aura azastrapariNata ( agni Adi se acitta nahIM huesajIva ) / ityAdi jaise dhAnya sarasoM ke liye kahA vaisA dhAnya mASa ( ur3ada) ke liye bhI samajha lenA / yAvat - vaha isa hetu se amakSya bhI - hai / yAnI - agni Adi se acitta uDada bhI do prakAra kA hai - eSaNIya aura aneSaNIya (sAdhu ke nimitta Adi se na rAMdhA huA nirdoSa aura sAdhu ke nimitta se rAdhA huA sadoSa ) / isa meM jo aneSaNIya hai vaha zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya hai / eSaNIya ur3ada bhI do prakAra ke haiM: yAcita ( mAMge hue) ayAcita ( na mA~geM hue / ina meM jo ayAcita rAMdhe hue uDada hai ve zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya haiM / aura jo yAcita rAMdhe hue ur3ada haiM ve bhI do prakAra ke haiM-mile hue ( prApta), na mile hue (aprApta) / ina me jo nahI mile aise rAMdhe hue uDada zramaNa nigraMthoM ko abhakSya haiM / aura jo rAMdhe hue mAgane para prApta ho gaye hai, aise nirdoSa uDada zramaNa nigraMtho ko bhakSya ( khAne yogya) hai / he somila ! isa kAraNa se 'mAsa' bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai / (pra0) kulasthA te bhaMte! ki bhakkhyA, abhakkhayA ? ( u0 ) somilA ! kulatyA bhakkhayA vi abhakkhayA vi / ( pra0) se keNaTTheNa jAva abhakyA vi ? ( u0 ) se nRNaM somilA ! taM baMbhannaesa yesu dubihA kulatthA panmattA, taM jahA - ityi kulatthAya dhannakulatyA ya / tattha NaM je te ityikulatthA te tivihA pannatA, taM jahA - kulakannayA i vA kulavahuyA ti vA kulamAjyA i vA, te NaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM- abhaktvayA / tasba NaM je te dhannakulatyA evaM jahA dhannasarisavA se teNaTTheNaM jAva abhakyA vi / (bhagavato zataka 18 uddezA 10 )

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( 121 ) arthAt -- (0) he bhagavan ! bApa kulatyA bhavya mAnate haiM athavA abhakSya ? ( u0 ) he somila ! kulatthA bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai| ( pra0) he bhagavan ! kisa hetu se bhakSya hai ? kisa hetu se abhakSya hai ? ( u0 ) somila ! tumhAre brAhmaNa zAstroM meM kulatyA do prakAra kA kahA hai - strI kulasthA (strI) aura dhAnyakulatthA ( kulathI) / isameM jo strIkulatthA hai vaha tIna prakAra kA hai, vaha isa prakAra -- kulakanyA, kulavadhU aura kulamAtA | ye saba zramaNa nirthayoM ke liye abhakSya haiM / isa meM jo kulacI anAja hai, isthAdi vaktavyatA sarasoM dhAnya ke samAna jAnanA | isaliye yaha bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhI hai| yAnI -- ani Adi se acitta, eSaNIya, yAcita, prApta nirdoSa kulathI anAja hI zramaNa nigraMthoM ko bhakSya hai| bAkI anya saba kulatthA abhakSya haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM niggaMTha nAyaputta ( zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ) ne -- "sarimava, mAsa tathA kulattha" ina tInoM zabdoM ke artha prANivaraka, dravyaparaka tathA vanaspatiparaka bhI batalAye haiM / unameM se unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki prANiparaka tathA dravyaparaka Adi padArtha tIrthaMkaroM tathA nigraMtha zramaNoM evaM zramaNIyoM ke liye sarvathA abhakSya haiM / vanaspatiparaka padArthoM me se bhI jo vanaspatiyA~ ani Adi ke prayoga se nirjIva haiM aura yadi ve nigraMtha zramaNa ke liye taiyAra na kI gayI hoM to usame se AvazyakatA par3ane para nigraMtha zramaNa ko mA~gane para prApta ho gayA ho aisA nirdoSa AhAra nirgratha zramaNa ke liye bhakSya hai / anya saba prakAra kA AhAra hamAre liye abhakSya hai / isase spaSTa hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA unake nirbhaya zramaNa vihAra kadApi grahaNa nahIM kara sakate / tathA yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM; una arthoM meM se jisa prasaMga para jo artha upayukta hai vahI artha karanA sAkSara vyakti kA karane me hI usakI vidvattA kI saccI kasoTI hai| kartavya hai aura aisA anucita artha karanA

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( 122 ) vidvattA ke lie zobhAprada nahI hai kintu vidvattA ko dUSita karane vAlA ___aba hama yahA~ para 'vivAdAspada' sUtrapATha ke vAstavika artha ke liye vicAra kr| 9--bhagavatIsUtra kA (vicAraNIya) mUla pATha isa prakAra hai :-- 'tatya gaM revatIe gAhAvaiNIe mama aAe duve kavoya-sarorA uvavakhaDiyA tehi no aho / atyi se anne pAriyAsie majjArakaDae kukkuDamaMsae tamAharAhi / eeNaM attttho| (bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 15) samartha zAstrajJa navAgITIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri dvArA kI gayI isa sUtrapATha kI TAkA tathA isa kA artha isI stambha 11 ke vibhAga ka-kha aMgoM meM vistRta likha Aye hai; tathA isa artha kI puSTi me aMga ga-gha-Ga me unake samakAlIna tathA nikaTa bhaviSya meM ho gaye tIna AcAryoM ke uddharaNa bhI de Aye hai / aba yahA para isa pATha ke vivAdAspada zabdoM ke vAstavika artha sapramANa likhge| ina zabdo ke isa sthAna para saskRta athavA ardhamAgadhI zabdakoza ke pracalita artha lenA ucita nahI, kyoki yahA~ to ve auSadha ke rUpa meM istemAla (upayoga) kiye gaye hai| ata : inake artha vaidyakIya zabdakozoM se lene ucita hai| yadi ina zabdoM ke artha banaspatiparaka mila jAve aura ve vanaspatiyoM isa roga ke nidAna ke anukala hoM to avazya svIkAra kara lene cAhiye / sujJa vidvAno ke liye yahI zobhAprada hai| hama yaha spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki prANiaga-mAsa isa roga kA nidAna kadApi nahI ho sktaa| vaidyaka zabdakoza saMskRta bhASA meM upalabdha hone se nIce likhe vicAraNIya zabdoM ke saMskRta paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA jAna lenA bhI paramAvazyaka hai :

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( 123 ) anne isa sUtrapATha meM nimnalikhita zabda vicAraNIya hai :marSamAgaSI zA saMskRta paryAya duve kavoyasarIrA / dve kapota-zarIre uvakkhaDiyA upaskRte no aTho nevArtho'sti anyata pAriyAsie payeM SitaM majjArakaDae mArjAra-kRtaM kukkur3a kukkuTa maMsae maoNsakaM 10-kaboya-kapota kyA thA ? "kaboya" zabda kA artha Aja kala 'kabUtara pakSI' samajhA jAtA hai, parantu kapota eka prakAra kI khAdya vanaspati hai / vaha pUrI kI pUrI upaskRta ho sakatI hai aura bahuta samaya taka Tika sakatI hai / isake sevana se uSNatA, pittajvara, raktavikAra, rakta-pitta aura atisAra roga zAMta hote haiM / kapota aura kapota se bane hue zabdoM ke arthoM meM bhinnatA hotI hai| usakA byorA isa prakAra hai :1-kapota-pArApata eka prakAra kI vanaspati (sazrata saMhitA phalavarga) 2--kapota--pArIsa popara (vaidyaka zabdasindhu) 3--kapota-kapotikA--sapheda kolA, peThA, kuSmANDa (nighanTu ratnAkara) 4--kapota-kabUtara pakSI 5-kapotaka-sajjI khAra 6-kapotAMjana-harA suramA (nighaNTraratnAkara) 7-yAsapatapadI-mAlakAMganI (bhAvaprakAza) 8-kapItavarNA-ilAyacI

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( 124 ) 9- kApatI -- kRSNa kApItI, sveta kApotI vanaspatiyA~ (bhuta saM0) kRSNa kApotI tathA zveta kApotI zabdoM se pAThaka kAhI yA zveta kabUtarI hI samajheMge / parantu vAstava meM ye zabda kisa artha ke bodhaka haiM, isakA khulAsA nIce diyA jAtA hai : " ivetakApotI samUlapatrA bhakSayitavyA ( suzruta saMhitA) | samIrAM romazAM mRhIM rasenekSurasopamAm / evaMrUparasAM cApi kRSNAM kApotImAvizet // kauzikoM saritaM tI saMjayAstu pUrvataH / kSitipravezo vAlmikerAcito yojanatrayam // vizemA tatra kApotI zvetA vAlmikamUrdhasu // (kApotI prAptisthAna- subUta saM0) uparyukta zabdoM se spaSTa hai ki kapota tathA kapota se bane hue zabda aneka prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM tathA anya padArthoM ke bodhaka haiN| kapota ke raMga jaisA harA mugmA hone se isakA nAma kapotAMjana kahalAtA hai / choTI ilAyacI kA raMga kapota ke sadRza hone se kapotavarNA kahalAtI hai / isI prakAra peThe kA raMga bhI kabUtara ke samAna Upara se harA hone se kapota kahalAtA hai / akele kapota zabda ke ye artha likha cuke haiM :(1) kapota pArApata (eka prakAra kI vanaspati ) ( 2 ) pArIsa pIpara, (3) peThA ( kuSmADa ), (4) kabUtara pakSI / inake guNa-dopoM kA varNana vaidyaka granthoM meM isa prakAra hai -pArApata "pArApataM sumadhuraM rucyamatyagnivAtanut" (suzruta saMhitA) 2-- pArIsa pIra : 1. " pArizo durjaraH snigdha kRmizukra kaphapradaH // 5 // " phale'mlo madhuro mUlo, kaSAyaH svAdu majjakaH ||6|| (bhAvaprakAza vaTAdivarga ) kuSmANDa phala, kolA, sapheda kumher3A, peThA :

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( 125 ) (ka) piteSu kuSmAMs are not wor zuklaM laghUSaNaM kSAraM dIpanaM sarvadheSaharaM yaM yaM ceto vastizodhanam // 213 // vikAriNAm // 214 // (suzrutasaMhitA 56 phalavarga ) artha - peThA kama uSNa, dIpanakarttA, vastizodhaka, sarva doSahara hai / (kha) "laghu kuSmANDakaM rUkSaM madhuraM prAhi zItalam / bobalaM rakta-pizaghnaM malastambhakaraM param // // " artha - choTA peThA grAhI, zItala, rakta-pittanAzaka tathA malarodhaka hai / (ga) "kuSmANDaM zItalaM vRSyaM svAvu pAkarasaM guru / hRdyaM rUkSaM rasasvandi zleSmalaM vAtapittajit // kuSmANDazAkaM gurusannipAtajvarAmazokAni dAhahAri // " ( kayadeva nighaNTu) artha - peThA zItala, pitta nAzaka, jvara, Ama, dAha Adi ko zAMta karane vAlA hai / (gha) kuSmANDaM syAt puSpaphalaM pItaM puSvaM bRhatphalam // 53 // kuSmANDaM vRhaNaM vRSyaM guru pittAstravAtanut / bAlaM pittApahaM zItaM madhyamaM kaphakArakam // 54 // vRddhaM nAtihimaM svAdu sakSAraM dIpanaM laghu / vastizuddhikaraM torogahRtsarvadoSajit // 55 // kuSmANDI tu bhRzaM ladhvI karkArurapi kIrtitA / karkA grAhiNI zItA raktapittaharI guru // 56 // pakvA tiktA'gnijananI sakSArA kaphavAtanut // 57 // ( bhAvaprakAza nighaNTu zAkavarga ) artha - peThA rakta, pitta aura vAyu doSanAzaka hai| choTA peThA pita nAzaka, zItala aura kaphajanaka hai / bar3A kolAuSNa, mIThA, dIpaka bastizuddhi kAraka, hRdayaroga nAzaka, tathA sarvadoSahArI hai| choTA peThA

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( 126 ) grAhI, zItala, rakta-pittadoSanAzaka / yadi pakA ho to agnivardhaka hai / (4) kabUtara pakSI kA mAMsa : "snigdhaM USmaM guru raktapittajanakaM vAtaharaM ca / sarvamAMsaM vAtavidhvaMsi vRSyaM / / artha- mAMsa snigdha, garama, bhArI tathA raktapitta ke vikAroM ko paidA karane vAlA hai, vAta ko harane vAlA hai| saba mAMsa vAtahara aura vRSya hai| - yahA~ para "kavoya" zabda hai cAra arthoM meM se tIna artha vanaspatiparaka haiM tathA eka artha mAMsaparaka hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ko roga the :(1) raktapitta, (2) pittajvara, (3) dAha, (4) atisAra / ina roga ko zAnta karane ke lie ina cAro padArthoM meM se choTA kuSmANDa (peThA) phala hI auSadharUpa liyA jA sakatA thA; kyoMki ina me se yahI auSadha ina rogoM ko zAnta karane meM samartha thI / parApata tathA pArIsa pIpara ye do vanaspatiparaka auSadhiyAM isa roga ko zAMta nahIM kara sakatI thiiN| mAMsa to isa roga ko paidA karane vAlA, bar3hAne vAlA hai| ata: zeTha kI bhAryA revato zrAvikA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke roga ke zamanArtha "do cheTe peThe ke phala hI" saskAra kiye the, isa meM sandeha ko avakAza nhii| prAcIna caNi tathA TokAkAroM ne bhI "duve kavoyasarIrA" kA artha "do choTe peThe phala" hI kiyA hai. yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiN| 1." duve kavoyasarIrA"-ye tIna zabda haiM / sarIrA zabda 'kavoya' se niSpanna pulliga vAle dravya kA dyotaka hai| yadi yaha 'sarIrANi' (napuMsaka liGga) zabda kA prayoga hotA to isakA artha pakSIzarIra para lAga ho sakatA thaa| kyoMki "napusaka zarIra zabda hI" prANI zarIra yA murde ke artha meM AtA hai, kintu zAstrakAra ko yaha bhI abhISTa nahIM thaa| ataH unhone yahA~ "zarIrANi" kA prayoga na karake pulliga meM "zarIrA" zabda

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( 127 ) kyoMki jaina tIrthaMkara tathA nigraMya zramaNa ko usake apane nimitta taiyAra kiye gaye AhAra Adi lene kI manAhI hai| isa bAta ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM somila brAhmaNa ke prazna karane para spapTa kahA hai ki nirgranthazramaNa ke nimitta taiyAra kiyA gayA AhAra aneSaNIya hai isa liye abhakSya hai, isakA AhAra sAdh na le | ataH yaha sadoSa AhAra hone ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne siMha muni ko lAne ke lie manA kara diyA / yaha auSadhi revatI zrAvikA ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke liye banAyI thI, bhagavAn ne apane kevalajJAna dvArA isa bAta ko jAnA aura kahA ki " asthi se anna pAriyAsie majjAra- kaDae kukkaDa-maMsae tamAharAhi / eevaM aTaTho / " arthAt dUsarA jo revatI ne apane lie majjAra-kaDae kukkuDa-masae" taiyAra karake auSadha rakha chor3I hai vaha lAnA / 11 - " majjAra- kaDae kukkuDa maMsae" kyA thA ? (ka) majjAra - mArjAra 'majjAra' zabda kA saMskRta paryAya 'mArjAra' hai / isakA artha Ajakala billI samajhA jAtA hai| kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usakA artha phala ke sAtha hI sambandhita hone kA dyotaka hai / Age Ane vAlA "anne" zabda bhI pulliGga hone se isI mata kI puSTi karatA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mAMsa ke sAtha zarIra zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA / vipAka sUtra me maoNma kA varNana hai, magara kisI jAtivAcaka saMjJA ke sAtha zarIra zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / kintu "vanaspati kAya" isa prakAra " vanaspati zarIra" kA prayoga sarvatra jainAgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / isase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki yahAM para sarIrA kA sambandha vanaspa te ke sAtha hI hai / isase bhI kabUtara ke mA~sa kA artha siddha nahIM hotA / ata spaSTa hai ki yahA~ para do sAbuna choTe peThA phaloM kA murabbA artha hI ThIka hai|" kyoMki murabbA sAbuta phaloM kA athavA una ke andara ke gUde kA DAlA jAtA hai, jaise sAbuta AMbaloM kA murabbA DAlA jAtA hai /

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( 128 ) parantu yahA~ para mArjAra zabda bhI vanaspati vizeSa kA nAma hai, jisa vanaspati kI auSadhi meM zItalatA, vAyuzamana Adi guNa lAne ke liye bhAvanA yA puTa dI jAtI hai| jisakA prabhAva garmI (uSNatA dAha) ityAdi goM ko zAta karane meM upayogI hai| vaidyaka nighaNTuoM tathA jainAgamoM meM bhI isakA aisI banaspati artha kiyA gayA hai / prajJApanAsUtra ke prathama pada meM vRkSoM ke adhikAra meM 'majjAra' zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai :1--"vasthula-poraga-majAra-poivaliya- paalkkaa"| (anAgama pannavagA suttapada 1 harita vibhAga) jainAgama bhagavatIsUtra 21 ve zataka meM bhI 'majjAra' zabda banaspati ke artha meM AyA hai :-- 2--"abbhsh-boyaan-hritg-sNvulenjnn-snn-btyul-porg-mjaarpaaii-cilliyaa|" (bhagavatIsUtra) 3-"mArjAra :-virAlikAbhiSAno vnsptivishessH|" (bhagavatIsUtra zataka 15 TIkA) 4-kRzare-bhora mArjAra kiMzukA iMguvo na SaN / ___ agastya muni mArjArAvagastibaMgasenakAH" // 156 // (jayantI bhUmikAMDa banAdhyAya) artha-kRzara (hiMgoTI) ke bhIrU, mArjAra, kiMzuka, iMgudI ye nAma haiM / iMgudI zabda pulliga aura strIliMga meM hai| agastya ke muni, mArjAra agasti baMgasena ye nAma hai / 5-"agasti kI zimbA sAraka, buddhidA, bhojana kI ruci utpanna karane vAlI, tridoSa nAzaka ityAdi aneka guNoM vAlI haiN"| (zAligrAma) 6-mArjAra-raktacitraka nAmaka paudhA (rAjanighaNTu) / / 7--mArjAra---viDAlI, bhUmi kuSamANDa (vaidyaka zabdasindhu pR0 889) / 8-~mArjAra-billI (vanaspati vizeSa), viDAlikA, vRkSaparNI / 9.-mArjAra--baTAza (ka0sa0 zrI hemacandrAcArya) 10-mArjAra-eka prakAra kI vAyu (bhagavatI TIkA)

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( 129 ) 11 - mArjAra 1 - barAlI, virAlikA, varAlaka, varAla, lavaGga (vaidyaka zabdasindhu ) ( aSTAMgasArasaMgraha) (vaidyaka nighaNTu 2 bhAga) | 12- varAla, varAlaka ( hindI vizvakoSa ) mArjAra- arthAt virAlikA ( lavaMga) ke kaise adbhuta guNa haiM ve nIce ke zloka meM diye jAte haiM : "lavaMgaM kaTukaM tiktaM laghu netrahitaM himaM / dIpanaM pAcanaM ruthyaM kaphapittAmlanAzakRt // tRSNA chadistathAdhmAnaM zUlamAzu vinAzayet / kAsazvAsazca hikAraca bhayaM kSapayati dhruvam // 1 // ( vaidyaka zabda sindhu pR0 909) anekArya tilaka mahopakRta: 1. mArjAra zabda ke aura bhI aneka artha (paryAyavAcI zabda ) aneka kozoM aura nighaNTuoM meM upalabdha haiM, unameM se yahAM kucha kA ullekha kara dene se pAThakoM kI jAnakArI meM vRddhi hogI 2. mArjAra = nakSatre ca trizaGkastu mArjAre zalabhe nRpe / tUlikA lekhyalekhinyAM tulatalpazalAkayoH // 132 // mAkando manmathe cUte mukundaH pArade harI / vidhau tAle'tha menAdI mArjArameSa ke kino : // 207 // netragole'pi mArjAre vihAya: kha-vihaGgayoH / nukkasaH zvapace nIce vibudhaH paNDite sure // 249 // ( khaMDa 3) kRSNa sAra: snuhIvRkSe zizipAmRgabhedayo : / kuSmANDa kastu mAjare kuSmANDagaNabhedayoH // 48 // mahodayo nRpe mokSaM madhuparNe pure rakho / mArjAlI yastu mArjAre zUdre vigrahazodhane // 154 // ( khaMDa 4 ) mArjAra- biDAla, billI ( hindI vizvakoSa)

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( 130 ) arthAta-lavaMga kaTu, tIkSNa, laghu, cakSuSya, ThaNDA, dIpana, pAcaka rucikr| kapha, pitta, mala nAza karane vaalaa| tRSNA (pyAsa), vamana, AdhmAnavAyu, zUla ke darda ko zIghra nAza karane vaalaa| khAMsI, zvAsa, kSaya bhAdi rogo ko zIghra dUra karane vAlA hai| ___vaidyaka graMtha AryabhiSaka - (zaMkara dAjI pade kRta) pR0 359 meM likhA hai ki : lavaMga laghu, kaDavA, cakSuSya, rucikara, tIkSNa, pAkakAle madhura, uSNa, pAcaka, agnidIpaka, snigdha. hRdya, vaSya tathA vizada hai; tathA vAyu, pitta, kapha, Ama, kSaya, khAmI, zUla, AnAhavAyu, zvAsa, ucakI, bA~ti, viSa, kSatakSaya, kSaya, tRSNA, pInasa, raktadopa, AdhmAna vAyu ko nAza karatA hai| AryabhiSak phaTa noTa pR0 359-meM likhA hai : lavaMga peTa kI pIr3A kA nAzaka, pyAsa banda karane vAlA, ulTI tathA vAyu Adi ko dUra karane ke liye auSadha rUpa meM dI jAtI hai| ___ina saba uddharaNoM se tathA TippanI me diye gaye uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki "mArjAra" zabda ke banaspatiparaka aneka artha hote haiN| vAyu tathA mArjAra---raktacitraka vRkSa, lAlacItA per3a, khaTAsa, (hindI vizvakoza) biDAla-haritAla, yaSTI garika, sindhUtthadAtiAkSyaH samAMzakaiH // (vAcaspati bRhatsaskRtAbhidhAna) mArjAra-tArya-bhUpAla-mArjAra-zalabhAH syustrizaGkavaH // 1207 // mArjAre'pi pizAcaH syAda mArIco yAcakadvije // 1339 / / (nAnArtharatnamAlAyAM tryakSarakAMDa:) varAlaka-Varalaka-cloves carissa carissa carandos aromatic Spice-lavaMga, sugandhita masAlA / (Sanskrit English Dictionary by Sir Monier MonierWilliams).

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( 131 ) khaTArA artha bhI hote haiM / inake atirikta billI tathA anya aneka nirjIva padArthoM ke liye bhI mArjAra zabda AtA hai| (kha) majjArakaDae' kA kyA artha hai ? majjArakaDae - mArjArakRta (saMskRta) / (1) mArjAra nAma kI vanaspati se banAyA huA / (2) mArjAra se saMskArita kiyA huA / (3) mAjIra kI bhAvanA diyA huA / (4) mArjAra nAmaka vAyu ko zamana karane ke liye banAyA huA / (5) mArjAra banaspati meM pakAyA gayA athavA banAyA gayA hotA hai / (ga) kukkuDa kukkuTa kukkuTa bhI eka prakAra kI banaspati hai, jo ki bahuta dinoM taka Tika sakatI hai| isake sevana se garmI, raktapitta, pittajvara, atisAra Adi roga zAMta hote haiM / udAharaNArtha kukkuTa zabda ke kucha artha nIce diye jAte hai - 1 - " suniSaNNe sUcipatraH svastika. zirivArakaH / zrIvArakaH zitivaro vitunnaH kukkuTaH zikhI // ( nighaMTuzeSa) artha :- ( 1 ) sUcipatra, ( 2 ) svastika, (3) zirivAraka, (4) zrI vAraka, (5) zitivara, (6) vitunna, (7) kukkuTa, (8) zikhi ye suniSaNNa ke nAma haiM / 1- auSadhi - vijJAna meM saMskArita vastuoM ke liye "dadhikRta", "rAjIkRta ", " mArjArakRta" ityAdi prayoga hotA hai / isakA artha kramazaH "dahI se saMskArita", "rAI se saMskArita", varAlikA ( lavaMga) auSadhi se saMskArita hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki yahA~ 'kaDae' kA artha 'saMskArita' aura 'majjArakaDae' kA artha mArjAra vanaspati se saMskAra (bhAvanA -puTa) vAlA ThIka baiThatA hai / "kaDae" zabda mArane athavA hanama karane ke artha meM prayoga kiyA ho, aisA siddha nahIM hotA /

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( 132 ) "suniSaNye himo pAhI moha-boSatrayApahaH / avivAhI laghu svAduH kaSAyo lakSadIpanaH / / vRSyo racyo jvara-vAsa-moha-kuSTha-bhramapraNut // (bhAvaprakAza) artha-suniSaNNaka ThaNDA, dasta rokane vAlA, moha tathA tridoSa kA nAzaka, dAha ko zAMta karane vAlA, halkA svAdiSTa, kaSAyarasavAlA, rUkSa, agni ko bar3hAne vAlA balakAraka, rucikara, aura jvara, zvAsa, kuSTha tathA bhama kA nAzaka hai| 2-kauTilIya arthazAstra meM bhI kukkuTa zabda kA prayoga banaspati ke bhayaM meM huA hai| dekhiye"kukkuTa-kozAtako-zAtAvarImUlayuktamAhArayamANo mAsena gauro bhavati / " (kauTilIya arthazAstra pR0 415) artha-kukkuTa (viSaNNaka-caupaniyA bhAjI), kozAtakI (turaI), zatAvarI ina ke mUloM ke sAtha mahInA bhara bhojana karane vAlA manuSya gaura varNa ho jAtA hai| 3-phukkuTaH-zAlmalI vRkSe (semala kA vRkSa) (vaidyaka zabdasiMdhu) / 4-kukkuTa.-bIjapUraka: (bijorA) (bhagavatIsUtra TIkA) / 5-kakkuTa - (1) koSaNDe, (2) kuraDu, (3) sAMvarI (nighaNTu rtnaakr)| 6-kukkuTa -ghAsa kA ulkA, Aga kI ciMgArI, zUdra aura niSAdana kI varNasaskAra prajA (jai0 sa0 pra0 R0 43) 7-kukkuTI-kukkuTo, pUraNI, raktakusumA, ghRnnvllbhii| pUraNI banaspati (hemo nighaSTusagraha) 8--kukkuTI-madhukukkuTI (strI) mAtuluMgavRkSe jamborabhede arthAtbIjore vRkSa me se jambIra phala (vaidyaka zabdasiMdhu TIkA) (rAja

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( 133 ) (gha) maMsae-mAMsaka (mAMsa se banA humA) hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki "mAMsa" zabda ke vanaspati phalavarga kA gudA Adi aneka artha hote haiN| jaise (1) mAMsa (napuMsaka liMga) mAMsa, garbha, phalagarbha, gUdA, phAMka / (2) mAMsaka (pulliga) pAka, murabbA, phalagarbha se taiyAra kiyA huaa| (3) mAMsa-gariSTha pakvAnna (anekArthasaMgraha) uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki: (1) jo gariSTha pakvAnna khAdya padArtha hote haiM, unameM prathama naMbara kA khAdya mAMsa kahalAtA thA, jo ghI, zakkara, piSTa (pIThI) Adi se banAyA jAtA thaa| usa meM kezara tathA lAla candana kA raMga diyA jAtA thA / (2) pake mIThe phaloM ko chIlakara unake bIja yA guThaliyAM nikAla kara taiyAra kiyA huA phaloM yA mevoM kA gadA bhI mAMsa kahalAtA thaa| "mAMsa-phalagarbha" arthAta phala kA gUdA (vaidyaka shbdsindhu)| (3) prANIaMga ke tRtIya dhAtu ko bhI mAMsa kahate the / (4) mAMsa zabda (phaloM, mevoM, phaliyoM ke) garbha, gUde ke liye prayukta hotA hai| (Ga) mArjAra aura kukkuTa vanaspatiyAM kaisA adbhuta auSadhIya guNa rakhatI haiM yaha nimnalikhita varNana se jJAta hogA:(1)mArjAra arthAt, agastya tathA agasti kI zimbA ke kaise adbhuta guNa hote haiM vaha nIce ke zloka se vidita hogA :

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( 134 ) "agastyA baMgaseno, mazipa nimaH / agastyaH pittakaphajiccAturSikaharo himH| satpayaH pInasazleSmapittanastAndhyanAzanam // " (madanapAla nighaSTha) artha :- agastya baMgasena, madhuzigru, munidruma ina nAmoM se pahacAnA jAtA hai / agastya pitta aura kapha ko jItane vAlA hai| caturthika jvara ko dUra karatA hai aura zItavIrya hai| isa kA svarasa pratizyAya zleSma rAzyAndhya nAzaka hai| "munizimbI sarA proktA, buddhivA rucidA laghuH / pAkakAle tu madhurA, tiktA caMba smRtipradA // tridoSazalakaphahat, pANDurogaviSApanut / zleSma-gulmaharA proktA, sA pakvA lakSapittalA // " (zAligrAma nighaNTa) artha-agasti kI zimbA sAraka kahI hai, buddhi dene vAlI, bhojana kI paci utpanna karane vAlI, halkI, pAka kAla meM madhura, tIkhI, smaraNazakti bar3hAne vAlI, tridoSa ko nAza karane vAlI, zUlaroga, kapharoga ko haTAne vAlI, viSa ko naSTa karane vAlI aura zleSma gulma ko haTAne vAlI hotI . hai, parantu pakI huI zimbA rUkSa aura pitta karane vAlI hotI hai| (2) kukkuTa arthAta suniSaNNaka (caupattiyA bhAjI), madhukukkuTI arthAt jambIra phala Adi hai; inake guNadoSoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :(kukkuTa) "suniSaNNo himo grAhI mohadoSatrayApahaH / avivAhI laghuH svAduH kaSAyo rUkSavIpamaH // vRSyo hacyo jvara-zvAsa-meha-kuSTha-bhrama praNat (bhAvaprakAza) artha--suniSaNNaka (caupattiyA bhAjI) NDI, dasta rokane vAlI, moha tathA tridoSa ko nAza karane vAlI, dAha ko zAMta karane vAlI, halkI, svAdiSTa, kaSAya rasa vAlI, rUkSa, agni ko bar3hAne vAlI, bala tathA rucikAraka, jvara, zvAsa, prameha, kuSTha aura bhrama ko nAza karane vAlI hai|

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( 135 ) isI prakAra anya nighaNTukAra bhI suniSaNNaka ke guNoM kA aisA hI varNana karate haiM / (3) madhukukkuTI' (mAtuluMga vRjhe jambIrabhede) phala ke guNadoSayahA~ para madhukukkuTI zabda kA artha jambIra phala liyA hai| jambIra phala bIjo kA eka bheda hai| bIjorA saMgatare (saMtra ) kI jAti ke aneka prakAra ke phala hote haiN| bIjore kI nAmAvalI amarakoza meM isa prakAra dI hai : mAtulo madanazcAsyaphale mAtulaputrakaH / phalapUro bojapUrI havako mAtuluGgake // samIraNo marutrakaH prama puSpaH phaNijjakaH / jamboro'pyatha parNAse kaThiJjarakuTharabau || (ko 2 vano0) 1. vivAdAspada mUla pATha meM 'kukkuTa' zabda AyA hai| bIjore ke liye madhukukkuTI athavA madhukukkuTikA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / so yahA~ para kukkuTa zabda se bIjorA zabda kyoM svIkAra kiyA hai, ise yahA~ para spaSTa karane kI AvazyakatA hai: 'kukkuTa' zabda kA strI liMga 'kukkuTI' hotA hai tathA isa kukkuTI zabda para se 'makukkuTo' zabda banatA hai / isa 'madhukukkuTI' zabda meM 'madhu' kA artha mIThA hone se vizeSaNa hotA hai / yaha vizeSaNavAcI zabda chor3a kara 'kukkuTI' zabda raha jAtA hai / kukkuTa, kukkuTI aura kukkuTikA paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| ye tInoM paryAyavAcI zabda hone se samAnArthaka zabda haiM / (1) hama vaidyaka graMthoM meM dekhate haiM ki vizeSaNa sahita tathA vizeSaNa binA zabda paryAyavAcI zabda hone se samAnArthaka haiM / jaise : (1 - - nAgakezara) cAmpeyaH kezaro nAgakezara : kanakAGkSayaH / mahauSadhaM rAjapuSpaH phalakaH svaraghAtanaH // (zAligrAma nighaNTa karpUrAdi varga ) (2 - jaTAmAMsI) jaTAmAMsI jaTI peSI lomazA jaTilA misiH / mAMsI tapasvinI hisrA miSikA cakavartinI // ( 3- pippalImUla) mUlaM tu pippalImUlaM grAnyikaM caTakAziraH / kaNamUla kolamUlaM caTikA sarvagrAnthikam //

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( 136 ) ( 4 - samudraphena) samudraphenaH phenazca DiNDiro'bdhi kaphastathA / (zAligrAma nighaNTu harItakyAdi varga ) (5 - mulhaThI) madhuyaSTiryaSTimadhuryaSTyAhvA klItakA smRtA / madhukaM yaSTimadhukaM yaSTikA madhuyaSTikA // ( 6 - kAkaDaziMgI) karkaTaza gikA zRMgI kuliGgI kAsanAzinI / mahAghoSA ca cakrAGgI karkaTI vanamUrddhajA || ( 7 - bhAMga ) zakrAzana tu vijayA trailokyavijayA jayA / (zAligrAma nighaNTu aSTavarga ) (8 - araNI) agnimandho havirmanyaH kaNikA girikaNikA / jayA jayantI tarkArI nAdeyI vaijayantikA // (9 - zatAvarI) zatamUlI mahAzItA bhIrupatrI zatAvarI / mahAzatAvarI tvanyA zatavIryyA mahodarI // ( zAligrAma nighaNT guDUcyAdi varga ) (10 - drAkSA) drAkSA madhurasA svAdvI kRSNA cAruphalA rasA / mRdvIkA gostanI caiva yakSmaghnI tApasapriyA || ( 11 - pIlu) pIlu zItasahA sraMsI ghAnI guDaphalastathA / virecanaphalaH zAkhI zyAmaH karabhavallabhaH // anyazcaiva bRhatpIlu -mahApIlurmahAphalaH / rAjapIla - mahAvRkSa: madhupIluH SaDAhvayaH // (12- tAr3a) tAlastu lekhyapatraH svAt tRNarAjo mahonnataH / zrItAlo madhutAlazca lakSmItAla mRducchadaH // (zAligrAma nighaNTu phalavaga ) uparyukta 12 uddharaNoM se spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vizeSaNa rahita, tathA vizeSaNa sahita nAma cikitsAzAstra meM paryAyavAcI hone se samAnArthaka hai / ataH madhukukkuTI, madhukukkuTikA tathA kukkuTI bhI paryAyavAcI zabda hone se samAnArthaka hai isame sandeha ko kiMcinmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai / yathA zloka na0 5 me mulhaThI ke liye 'madhuyaSTi zabda AyA hai baura yaSTi zabda bhI AyA hai| yahA~ 'madhu' vizeSaNa kA chor3a kara akele ' yaSTi' zabda kA bhI mulhaThI artha hI liyA hai /

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( 137 ) (2) tathA prANivAcaka paryAyazabda jaba vanaspati ke liye prayukta hote haiM taba pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabda kA vanaspati meM samAnArtha ho kiyA jAtA hai / jaise ki ( ka ) 'vAnarI' kA artha bandarI hai aura 'kapi kA artha bandara hai / pahalA zabda strIliMga hai, dUsarA pulliMga hai / parantu donoM kA artha vanaspatiparaka "kauMca ke bIja" hotA hai / (kha) 'kokilAkSa' kA artha- 'koyala pakSI kI AMkha' hotA hai tathA 'kokilA' kA artha 'koyala pakSI' hotA hai / parantu ye donoM paryAyavAcI zabda vanaspatiparaka artha meM banakara eka artha ke sUcaka ho gaye haiN| inakA eka hI artha 'tAlamakhAne' hotA hai | aba hama yahAM para kucha aura bhI uddharaNa de kara spaSTa kara denA cAhate haiM : (1 - kukkuTa) (pulliMga) - kukkuTa zAlmalI vRkSe ( semala kA vRkSa ) (vaidyaka zabda sindhu) ( 2 - kukkuTI) strIliMga - zAlmalI tUlinI mocA picchilA virajA vitA / kukkuTI pUraNI rakta kusumA ghuNaballabhA // 67 // (nighaNTuzeSa) uparyukta uddharaNoM se hama dekhate haiM ki kukkuTa tathA kukkuTI donoM kA liMgabheda hote hue bhI ve vanaspatiparaka artha me paryAyavAcI hai / donoM kA artha zAlmalI vRkSa (semala kA vRkSa ) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ( 3 - karauMdA ) karamava vane kSudrA karAmlaH karamarddakaH / tasmAllaghuphalA yA tu sA jJayA karamadikA // ( zAligrAma nighaNTu phalavarga ) (4 - jhiMgI ) jiGginI ziginI jhiMgI suniryAsA pramodinI / ( zAligrAma nighaNTa vaTAdivarga ) naM0 3-4 uddharaNoM meM bhI 'karamarda' pulliGga hai tathA 'karamadikA' strIliMga hai / evaM "jhiginI" strIliMga hai aura 'jhiMgI' pulliMga hai; donoM paryAyavAcI banakara samAnArthaka hai / ataH kukkuTI, madhukukkuTI, madhukukkuTikA aura kukkuTa ye saba zabda paryAyavAcI hone se samAnArthaka haiM / isa liye yahA~ para kukkuTa zabda kA artha bijaurA hai / yaha dalIla niHsandeha yuktipUrNa hai /

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( 138 ) bIjora phala ko aneka jAtiyoM me se kucha bhedoM meM se guNa doSoM kA varNana karate haiM :(1) bIjorA (kiba) phalazvAsakAsAzruciharaM tamAghnaM kaNDazoSanam / / 148 // ladhvamlaM vopanaM hRcaM mAtulaGgamudAhRtam / tvaka siktA durjarA tasya vAtakRmikaphApahA / / 149 // svAdu zItaM guru snigdhaM mAMsamArutapittajit // 150 / / (suzruta saMhitA) artha-kiba jAti kA bIjorA phala---taSNAzAmaka, kaNThazodhaka zvAsa, khA~sI, aruci ko miTAne vAlA, laghu, dIpaka aura pAcaka hai| ___ tvak (chilakA) tikta, durjara, vAta, kRmi tathA kapha ko zamana karane vAlI hai| mAMsa (gadA)-bAta-pitta ko nAza karane vAlA hai| (2) bIjorA--madhukarkaTo (cikotarA) phala--- bIjapuro mAtulaMgo hacaka: phalapUrakaH / bojapUraphalaM svAdu, rase'mlaM bIpanaM ladhu // 131 // raktapittaharaM kaNThajihvAhRdayazoSanam / zvAsakAsA'ruciharaM hRdyaM tRSNAharaM smRtam / / 132 // bIjapUro'paraH prokto madhuro madhukarkaTI // madhukarkaTikA svAdvI rocanI zItalA guruH // 133 // (bhAvaprakAza) artha--cikotarA jAti kA bojorA phala-raktapittanAzaka hai, kaMThajihvA-hRdaya zodhaka hai, vAsa-kAma tathA aruci kA damana karatA hai tathA tRSNA hara hai / isa bIjore ko dUsare loga madhura madhukarkaTI athavA madhukarkaTikA bhI kahate hai|

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( 139 ) (3) bIjorA-madhukukkuTI (jambIra) phalamadhukumakuTikA, mayukkuTI (strIliMga) mAtulaGga yo jambIra. (baMdhaka zabdasindhu) madhukurakuTikA zItA zleSmalA aprsaadinii| sacyA svAdurgaraH snigdhA vaat-pittvinaashinii|| tat phalaM--saca phalaM bAlaM bAta-pitta-kapha-raktakaram / madhyaM phalaM-tAzameva / pakvaM kalaM--vargakara hacaM puSTikaraM balakaraM zUlaharaM / ajIrNanAzanaM vibandhaM vAtapittazvAsAgnimAMbahara kAsArocakazophaghnaJca // (vaidyaka zAsuinSa) pakvaM tat madhuraM kaphadamanaM rakta-pittadoSadhnaM varNyam / vIryavarSanaM rucikRt puSTikRt trpnnnyc|| (rAjanighaNTu tathA vaidyaka zamasindha) artha-madhukukkuTI (jambIra) zItala, zleSma karane vAlA, rocaka, svAdiSTa, guru, snigdha, vAta-pitta ko nAza karane vAlA hai| jambIra phala-kaccA phala vAta-pitta-kapha tathA rakta ke doSoM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai / adhapakA phala bhI kacce phala ke samAna doSoM ko karane vAlA hai| tathA isakA pakA phala sundaratA bar3hAne vAlA, puSTikara, balakara zUla kI pIr3A kA zAmaka, ajIrNanAzaka, dastoM ko rokane vAlA, vAta-pitta, zvAsa, agnimAMdya ko dUra karane vAlA, khAMsI, aruci, sUjana ko nAza karane vAlA hai| tathA pakA huA mIThA phala kapha kA damana karane vAlA, rakta-pitta ke doSoM ko nAza karane vAlA, varNa ko nikhArane vAlA, vIrya ko bar3hAne vAlA, rucikara, puSTikara tarpaNa karane vAlA hai|

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( 140 ) tanmAMsa- garbha (gUvA) bRMhaNaM zItalaM guruM raktapittajitaJca / (ca0 da0 pi0 jva0 ci0) artha - jambIra phala kA gUdA -- zItala, guru, raktapitta ko nAza karane vAlA hai / AryabhiSak - - vanauSadhi guNAdarza ( pR0 412) gujarAtI graMtha meM madhukukkuTI ( jambIra) phala ke gUde ke guNoM kA isa prakAra varNana hai "madhura, grAhaka, kar3avA, zItala, vAtakara, turA, puSTikAraka tathA balakAraka hai / kapha, raktapitta vikAra tathA pradara ko nAza karatA hai / " sArAMza yaha hai ki jambIra jAti ke bojore kA kaccA tathA adhapakA phala raktapitta roga meM atyanta hAnikAraka hai evaM isa kA pakA phala raktapitta, dAhajvara, pittajvara Adi rogoM meM lAbhadAyaka hai / pake mIThe phala kA gUdA to isa roga meM atyanta lAbhadAyaka hai / hamane uparyukta tIna prakAra ke bojorA phaloM ke guNa-doSoM kA varNana kiyA hai| (1) kiba jAti kA bIjorA vAta-pittazAmaka hone se isa roga meM lAbhadAyaka nahIM hai / (2) cikotarA jAti kA bIjorA isa roga meM lAbhadAyaka hai to sahI parantu isakA dUsarA nAma madhukarkaTI hone se kukkuTI kA paryAyavAcI nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi donoM kA madhu vizeSaNa haTA diyA jAve to karkaTI evaM kukkuTI zabda raha jAte haiM / yadi ina donoM zabdoM kA mAMsaparaka artha kiyA jAve to prathama kA artha kekar3A, jo ki jala meM rahane vAlA eka prANI hai, tathA kukkuTI kA artha murgI hotA hai / isake pulliMga 'kukkuTa' kA artha murgA hotA hai| donoM kA bhinna artha hone se yahI mAnanA ThIka hai ki - "bhagavatIsUtra ke vivAdAspada pATha" meM jo "kukkuDa (kukkuTo)" zabda AyA hai usase madhukukkuTI arthAt jambIra phala arthaM lenA hI ucita hai / ( 3 ) madhukukkuTI - jambIra jAti bIjore kA mIThA pakA phala tathA isa kA gUdA raktapitta me saba jAti ke bIjoroM se adhika tathA atyanta lAbhadAyaka hai /

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( 141 ) itane vivecana ke bAda "kukkuTa" zabda ke nIce likhe arthoM vAle padArthoM para punaH vicAra karate haiM : (1) kukkuTa-suniSaNNaka zAka (bhAvaprakAza) (2) kukkuTa-madhukukkuTI-jambIra phala (vaidyaka zabdasindhu jainAgama bhagavatIsUtra) (3) kukkuTa-zAlmalI-semala vRkSa (vaidyaka zabdasindhu, bhAva prakAza nighaNTu) (4) kukkuTa-murgA, battaka murgA (5) kukkuTa mAMsa-murge kA mAMsa yahAM para hamane mArjAra tathA kukkuTa zabdoM ke vanaspatiparaka tathA mAMsaparaka padArthoM ke guNa-doSoM kA varNana kara diyA hai| aba hamane yahA~ para yaha nirNaya karanA hai ki vivAdAspada sUtrapATha meM vaNita bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane roga ke zamanArtha inameM se kaunasI auSadha grahaNa kI thii| inameM se prANiaMga mAMsa lAbhadAyaka ho sakatA thA athavA vanaspati aMga mAMsa (gUdA) / yadi vanaspatiparaka vastu lAbhadAyaka thI to kaunasI vastu auSadha rUpa meM grahaNa kI gaI thii| kakkuTa' =1-suniSaNNaka nAma cArapattiyoM vAlA zAka / 1-kukkuTa tathA isake paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha(ka) kukkaTasuniSaNNaka, viSaNNaka. caupattiyAbhAjI / (nighaNTazeSa, kauTilIya arthazAstra) zAlmalI vRkSa (vaidyaka zabdasindhu) bIjorA (bhagavatIsUtra TIkA) (koSaMDa, karaMDa, sAMvarI (nighaNTu ratnAkara) ghAsa kA ulkA, Aga kI ciMgArI, zUdra aura niSAda kI varNasaMkara prajA (vaac0)| (kha) kukkuTI-kukkuTI, pUraNI, raktakusumA, paNavallI (hema nighaNTusaMgraha) (ga) madhukukkuTI-mAtuluMge, jambIra (vaidyaka zabdasindhu)

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( 142 ) 2 - zAlmalI = semala vRkSa 3 - mAturuMga = bIjorA (jambIra) 4 - murgA (1) yahAM "kakkuTa" kA pahalA vartha - 'suniSaNNaka' nAmaka zAka bhAjI hai / yaha zAka isa roga meM lAbhadAyaka hai avazya / yadi yahA~ para isa zAka kI auSadhi lenA mAna leM to yahAM para " majjAra" kA artha 'khaTAza' lenA cAhiye / kyoMki 'khaTAza' DAla kara bhAjI kA zAka banAyA jAtA hai | bhAjI kA zAka 'dahI' DAlakara khaTTA karane kA rivAja saba jAnate haiM / arthAt khaTAza kI jagaha 'dahI' lene se dastoM kI tathA peciza kI bImArI meM lAbhadAyaka hai avazya, parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke roga ke liye hAnikAraka thii| kyoMki bhagavAn ko pecisa tathA dastoM ke sAtha dAha aura pittajvara bhI thaa| jvara meM dahI hAnikAraka hai / tathA dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne siMha muni se isa auSadhi ke liye kahA thA ki "pahale se taiyAra karake jo auSadha rakhI hai use lAnA" / mo dahI kI khaTAza DAla kara banAyA huA zAka adhika dinoM taka rakha dene se bigar3a jAtA hai aura khAne lAyaka nahIM rahatA / evaM isa kukkuTa zabda ke sAtha 'masae' zabda hai / maMsae zabda kA artha hai gUdA parantu zAka kA gUdA nahIM hotA / isaliye yaha zabda zAka bhAjI ke artha meM ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA / isase phalita hotA hai ki yaha auSadha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nahI lI / (2) dUsarA artha hai - 'zAlmalI' arthAt semala kA vRkSa hotA hai / isa vRkSa kA phala hotA hai tathA isameM gUdA bhI hotA hai / parantu isakA gUdA garma hone se isa roga meM lAbhadAyaka nahI hai| ataH yaha artha bhI yahAM ghaTita nahI ho sakatA / (3) tIsarA artha "bIjorA phala" hai| bIjorA kaI prakAra kA hotA hai / jaise galagala, cikotarA, saMgatarA, mIThA, jambIra, kiba phala ityAdi / yahA~ para bIjore se "jambIra phala" abhISTa hai, kyoMki anya bIjoroM kI apekSA isa roga ke liye jambIra- bIjore kA pakA huA popotent

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mIThA phala hI atyanta lAbhadAyaka hai / tathA kukkuTa (madhukukkuTI) zabda kA artha jambIra nAmaka phala hI hotA hai| isake phala meM gadA bhI hotA hai| yaha gadA ina saba rogoM para atyanta lAbhadAyaka hai| arthAta "kukkuDa maMsara" kA artha "bogore (jambIra) phala ke gUde se tayAra kiyA gayA pAka-murabbA" hotA hai / tathA prAcIna TIkAkAroM ne eka cUrNikAroM ne aura kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya Adi gItArtha AcAryoM ne bhI isakA yaho artha svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha murabbA kaI dinoM taka surakSita rahatA hai, bigar3atA nhiiN| (4) cauthA artha yadi murge kA mAMsa kiyA jAve to yaha mAsa isa roga meM bahuta hAnikAraka hone se isa roga meM kadApi lAbhakArI nahIM ho sakatA thA / dekhiye : murge ke mAMsa ke guNa-doSa-- (ka) murge kA mAMsa snigdha, guru, uSNa, vRSya, kaphAta, zaktiprada, mAloM ke liye lAbhakArI tathA vAyu ko naSTa karatA hai| (vaidyaka nighaNTu urdU vaidya kRSNadayAlakRta) (kha) "snigdhaM ujNaM guru raktapittajanakaM vAtaharaM ca mAMsaM / sarvAMsaM vAtavidhvaMsi vRSyaM // " arthAt -murge kA mAsa cikanA, bhArI, garama, kapha ko bar3hAne vAlA, tAkata bar3hAne vAlA, raktapitta ko paidA karane vAlA aura vAyu ko dUra karatA hai| saba mAMsa bhArI aura vAta ko nAza karate hai| matalaba yaha hai ki garma, bhArI, cikane padArtha bhakSaNa karane se raktapitta vikAra paidA hotA hai, isa roga meM vRddhi hotI hai aura rogI ko bahuta 1-"mAMsa" zabda napuMsaka liMga hai| parantu 'mAMsaka' zabda pulliga hai aura 'bIjorA' zabda bhI pulliga hai| evaM 'mAMsaka' zabda kA artha phala kA gadA athavA pAka-murabbA hI hai / aisA hama Upara likha bhI Aye haiM / isaliye yahA~ para "kukkuDa maMsae" kA artha bojorA pAka hI hotA hai| isameM sandeha kI koI gujAiza nahIM hai /

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hAnikAraka hai| phira vaha padArtha cAhe vanaspatiparaka ho cAhe mAMsaparaka / tulanA kIjie : bAdAma vanaspati hai / usakI majjA, (girI) ke guNa-doSa bhI murge ke mAMsa kI tulanA karate haiM isalie aise khAdya bhI isa roga meM hAnikAraka haiN| isaliye lene vayaM haiM / (ga) "vAtAvamajjA madhurA vRSyA tiktA'nilAhA / snigyoSNA kaphanneSTA, raktapittavikAriNAm // 125 / / (bhAvaprakAza nighaNTu) artha-bAdAma kI majjA (girI) mIThI, puSTikAraka, vAta kA nAza karane vAlI. guru amla, zukrala, snigdha, uSNavIrya aura kapha karane vAlI hotI hai / isakA sevana raktapitta ke rogiyoM ko hAnikAraka hai| isa uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki murge kA mAMsa uSNAdi gaNa vAlA hone se raktapitta roga, dAhajvara, pittajvara, atisAra tathA peciza Adi rogoM kI zAMti ke liye kadApi upayukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| hama likha Aye haiM ki 'mArjAra' ke (1) hiMgoTa kA vakSa,(2) agastya kA vRkSa, (3) agasti kI zimbA, (4) lavaMga Adi aneka artha hote haiN| ina hiMgoTa (iMgudI), agastya aura agastya kI zimbA isa roga ko zamana karane ke liye upayogI hai, kyoMki ye tridoSa nAzaka haiN| vAya ko zamana karane kA bhI ina meM guNa haiM / kintu 'lavaMga' meM vAyu tridoSa nAzaka guNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha aneka aise viziSTa guNa bhI vidyamAna haiM, jo isa roga meM atyanta upayogI haiM tathA vivAdAspada sUtrapATha kI TIkA meM zrI abhayadevasUri ne likhA hai "mArjAro virAlikAbhiSAno vanaspativizeSastena kRtaM bhaavitm|| __arthAta-varAlaka nAma kI auSadhi vizeSa se bhAvanA dI (saMskArita kI) huii| so "varAlaka" nAma kI auSadhi nighaNTrakAroM ne lavaMga ko mAnA hai| lavaMga ke guNoM kA varNana hama pahale likha cuke haiN| lavaMga kA puTa denA tathA saMskArita karanA jambIra phala ke gUde ke sAtha isaliye Avazyaka hai

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( 145 ) ki jambIra phala kA gUdA vAyu kartA hai| aura vAyu isa roga meM hAnikAraka hai / lavaMga meM vAyu ko zamana karane kA guNa vidyamAna hai / mAtra itanA hI nahIM kintu isa roga ke aneka lakSaNoM kA nidAna bhI hai| ataH "majjArakaDae" zabda kA artha huA ki "virAlikA " nAma kI. vanaspati se saMskArita kiyA huA / aba "majjArakaDae, kukkuDamaMsae" zabdoM kA nIce likhA artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai "vAyu', raktapitta, peciza, atisAra, dAha, pittajvara Adi rogoM ko zAMta karane ke liye, varAlaka ( lavaMga ) nAmaka vanaspati se saMskArita bIjore ( jambIra) phala ke gUde kA pAka (murabbA ) / (12) bhagavatIsUtra ke vivAdAspada sUtrapATha kA vAstavika artha :-- bhagavatI sUtra kA mUla pATha :-- taM gacchaha NaM tumaM sIhA ! maeNDhiyagAmaM nagaraM revatIe gAhAvatiNIe gihe, tatya NaM revatIe gAhAvaiNIe mama aTThAe duve kavoyasarIrA uareefsyA tehi no aTTho, asthi se anna pAriyAsie majjArakaDae kukkuDamaMsa tamAharAhi, eeNaM aTTho / isa uparyukta sUtrapATha kA vAstavika spaSTArtha yaha hai : " (zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ziSya siMha muni se kahA ) gRhapati kI bhAryA revatI he siMha ! tuma meMDhaka grAma nagara meM ( zrAvikA ) ke ghara jaao| usane mere liye do choTe kuSmANDa e (peThA) 1- bhagavAn mahAvIra ko tIna prakAra ke raktapitta rogoM meM se adhoraktapitta roga thA / yaha roga vAyu prakopa se pitta vikRta hokara hotA hai / ata: vAyu ko zamana karane se raktapitta vikAra dUra hotA hai| 2 - yadyapi isa vanaspatiparaka auSadha meM roga ko zamana karane ke guNa maujUda the to bhI jaina nirgrantha zramaNa ke nimitta taiyAra kie hue hone se nirgrantha zramaNa use grahaNa nahI kara sakate the, kyoMki jaina zramaNa ke nimitta

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phala pakA kara taiyAra kiye haiM unako to AvazyakatA nahIM hai (ASAkarmI Sa yukta hone se) 1 para usake yahAM kucha dina pahale mArjAra (lavaMga) nAmaka vanaspati se saskArita (bhAvanA diye hue) bIjore (jambora) phala ke gUde se taiyAra kiyA huA auSadhIya pAka (murabbA) par3A huA hai (jo ki usane apane ghara ke liye banA kara taiyAra karake rakhA hai) usa kI AvazyakatA hai| use le aao|" yahI artha prAcIna TIkAkAroM tathA carNikAroM ne kiyA hai, jo ki uparya kta vivecana se marvathA ThIka pramANita ho jAtA hai| ataH (1) adhyApaka dharmAnanda kosAmbI isa sUtrapATha kA artha kiyA gayA hai ki: usa samaya mahAvIra svAmI ne siMha nAmaka apane ziSya se kahA"tuma meDhiga gAva meM revatI nAmaka strI ke pAsa jaao| usa ne mere lie do kabUtara pakA kara rakhe haiN| ve mujhe nahIM cAhiye / tuma usase kahanA-- kala billI dvArA mArI gayI murgI kA mAsa tumane banAyA hai, use de do|' pAThaka mamajha gaye hoMge ki kosAmbI jI dvArA ma sUtra pATha kA kiyA gayA artha kitanA asaMgata, aghaTita, anucita aura bhrAntipUrNa hai| billI dvArA mArI gayI murgI aisI aspRzya tathA ghRNita vastu ko revatI jaisI bAraha vrata dhAriNI utkRSTa zrAvikA apane ghara lAkara aura use pakA kara taiyAra kare tathA raktapitta, dAha roga kI zAnti ke liye aisI vastu kA prayoga ucita mAna liyA jAve, ye saba mAnyatAeM aprAsaMgika, vAstavikatA se dUra tathA kapolakalpita jacatI hai| (2) tathA maMsae aura kaDae zabdoM kA pulliga prayoga bhI prANyaMga banAyA huA nirgrantha zramaNoM ko lene ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne manA kiyA hai (somila brAhmaNa tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke samvAda se hamane isa bAta ko spaSTa jJAta kiyA hai) aisI avasthA meM mahA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM bhI ise grahaNa nahIM kara sakate the, kyoMki kUSmANDa pAka una ke liye banAyA gayA thA /

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( 147 ) mAsa ke pakSa meM virodhI hai / isase yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra ho jAtI hai| (3) usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI zArIrika avasthA kitanI gambhIra thI, yaha dikhalAye binA kosAmbI jI kI mAnyatA ko asaMgata ThaharAnA kaThina thA, isaliye hamane isakA vistRta varNana kara spaSTa kiyA hai| ataH jinakA zarIra chaH mahInoM se dAhajvaraasta ho, bAhyAbhyantara tApamAna bahuta car3hA huA ho aura khana ke dasta ho rahe hoM; emI avasthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra apane ziSya nirgrantha muni siMha ke dvArA murgIkA bAsI mAsa maMgA kara khAne kI icchA kare, yaha bAta vaMdyoM, DAkTaroM ke siddhAntoM ke eka dama viruddha to hai hI, para sAmAnya manuSya kI dRSTi se bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha pravRtti AtmaghAtaka hI pratIta hogii|

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tRtIya khaNDa upasaMhAra

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(1) sAmAnya rUpa se sabase prAcIna Rgveda saMhitA meM AmiSa zabda kA prayoga hI nahIM milatA, itanA hI nahIM balki prAcIna vaidika nighaNTu meM bhI mAMsa athavA isake kisI paryAya kA nAma nahIM miltaa| isakA kAraNa yaha to nahIM ho sakatA ki usa samaya mAMsa padArtha hI nahIM thaa| manuSya pazuoM ke zarIra meM rahane vAlI dhAtuoM meM se tatIya mAMsa dhAtu usa samaya bhI vidyamAna thA / prAcIna veda tathA usake prAcIna vaidika koza meM usakA ullekha na hone kA kAraNa yahI hai ki tatkAlIna RSi loga prANyaMga rUpa mAma kA kisI kArya meM upayoga nahIM karate the| ataH unakI batAyI huI vaidika RcAoM meM mAMsa zabda nahIM thA aura na hI unake nighaNTuoM me likhane kI AvazyakatA thii| yadyapi "Rgveda ke kucha sUktoM meM mAsa zabda kA prayoga huA hai parantu ve sUkta Rgveda meM pIche se jor3a diye gaye haiM, aisI aneka vidvAnoM ko mAnyatA hai| "zukla yajurveda ke azvamedha prakaraNa meM aneka pazuoM kI hiMsA kI carcA hai jo isa saMhitA ke racayitA vidvAna yAjJavalkya ke vAjasaneyI hone kA pariNAma hai| inhIM kI badaulata yajJoM meM kucha samaya ke liye hiMsA khaba bar3ha calI tho, parantu atharvaveda ke samaya yaha hiMsA kA pravAha ruka par3A thaa"| 'atharvaveda' meM bandhyA gau ke vadha kA prasaMga AyA avazya hai, parantu isa veda ke anya loM meM mAMsa khAne kA niSedha bhI kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhASyakAra yAska ke samaya taka pazuyajJa aura mAMsabhakSaNa maryAdita ho gayA thaa| isI kAraNa se mAMsa zabda kI jo vyutpatti kI hai vaha prANyaMga mAMsa ko nahIM, parantu vanaspatyaMga mAMsa ko hI lAmU hotI hai| yahA~ mAMsa prANyaMga rUpa nahIM para phala mevoM ke garbha athavA

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- ( 152 ) piSTAnna Adi se banAye gaye miSTAnna bhojana ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| mAMsa zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya yAska kahate haiM :-- ___ "mAMsaM mAnanaM vA mAnasaM vA mano'smin sovati vaa|" apaM-mAMsa kaho, mAnana kaho, mAnasa kaho ye saba eka hI artha ke pratipAdaka paryAya haiM aura ye usa bhojana ke nAma haiM; jo Agantuka mAnanIya mahamAna ke liye taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA aura vaha samajhatA thA ki merA bar3A mAna kiyA gayA hai| __ "mana jJAne" isa dhAtu se mAMsa zabda niSpanna huA hai aura isakA artha hotA hai, bar3e AdamI ke sanmAna kA sAdhana / purAtattvajJAtA vidvAnoM ne AcArya yAska kA samaya IsA pUrva navama zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki Aja se tona hajAra varSa pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya me mAMsa zabda vanaspatiniSpanna khAdya ke artha meM prayukta hotA thaa| __isa ke bAda dhIre-dhIre madhuparka aura piSTakarma meM prANyaMga mAMsa kA prayoga hone lgaa| "bodhAyana gRhyasUtra" meM jo ki IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai--yaha Agraha kiyA gayA hai ki madhuparka meM prANyaMga mAMsa avazya honA cAhiye yadi pazu mAMsa na mile to piSTAna kA mAMsa taiyAra kara kAma meM liyA jaae| "AraNyana vA mAMsena // 52 // na tveSAmAMso'dhyaH syAt // 53 // azaktI piSTAnaM saMsidhyat // 54 // " ____artha--(gau ke utsarjana kara dene para anya grAmya pazuoM ke abhAva meM) AraNya pazu ke mAMsa se ardhya kiyA jAya, kyoMki mAMsa binA kA ardhya hotA hI nhiiN| yadi AraNya mAMsa kI prApti na kara sake to piSTAnna se use (mAsa ko) taiyAra kre| upaniSadoM meM bhI mAMsa tathA AmiSa zabda prayukta hue dRSTigocara hote haiM, parantu vahA~ sabhI jagaha meM vanaspati khAdya padArtha kA artha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| upaniSad vAkya koza meM likhA hai

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( 153 ) "mAMsamupIya / " "yo madhyamastanmAsam / " artha-mAsa ke guNa gaao| jo bhItara kA sAra mAga hai| ukta uddharaNoM se bhalI-bhAMti pramANita ho jAtA hai ki vaidika prAcIna sAhitya meM ati pUrva kAla meM mAMsa-AmiSa Adi zabda vanaspati khAdyoM ke artha meM prayukta hote the aura bhojana meM pazvata kI pravRtti bar3hane ke samaya meM ina zabdoM kA pAtu pratyaya se vyakta hone vAlA artha tirohita ho gayA, aura prANyaMga mAMsa hI mAMsa zabda kA vAcyArtha bana gayA / pichale samaya meM jaba ki mAMsa tathA AmiSa zabda kevala prANyaMga mAMsa bana cuke the, usa samaya bhI 'AbhiSa' zabda kaI arthoM meM prayukta hotA bhaa| aisA ' ma sindhu' graMtha meM diye gaye nimnalikhita prAcIna zlokoM se jJAta hotA hai| "prANyaMgacUrNa carmasthodakaM jambIra bIjapUraM yajazeSabhinna viSNvaniveditAnnaM dugdhAnnaM masUraM mAMsaM cetyaSTavidhamAmiSaM varjayet / " anyatra tu "gochAgImahiSyanyadugdhaM pavitAnnaM dvijebhyaH krItA rasA bhUmilavarNa tAmrapAtraspaganyaM palvalajalaM svArthapakvamannamityAmiSamaNaH uktH||" artha-prANadhArI ke kisI bhI aMga kA varNa. camaDe meM bharA haA 'pAnI, jambIra phala, bIjorA, yajJaze ke atirikta viSNu ko nivedita nahIM kiyA huA anna, jalA huA anna, masUra dhAnya aura mAsa ina ATha padArthoM kA samudAya AmiSagaNa kahalAtA hai| matAntara se AmiSa gaNagAya, bakarI, bhaiMsa ke dUdha ko chor3akara zeSa jAnavaroM kA dUdha, bAsI anna, sAhmaNa se kharIda kI huI jamIna, jamIna para ke khAra se taiyAra kiyA A namaka, tAmrapAtra meM rakhe hue pAMca gavya, choTe khaDDe meM rahA hudhA jala, AtmArtha pakAyA huA bhojana, yaha dUsare prakAra kA AmiSagaNa hai| uparyukta donoM AmiSagaNoM meM AmiSa zabda abhakSya athavA apeya padArthoM meM prayukta huA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki 'dharmasiMdhu' gata uparyukta do sUtroM ke nirmANa samaya se pahale hI vaidika sAhitya meM AmiSa

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zabda kA "acchA bhojana", yaha artha bhUlA jA cukA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta padArthoM ko AmiSa kA nAma dekara vajita batAyA gayA hai| (mA0 bho0 mI0, ka0 vi0) (2) Ayurveda, jaina tathA baudva Adi ke prAcIna graMthoM me AmiSa, mAsa, matsya, Asvika Adi zabdoM kA prayoga vanaspatyagoM tathA pakvAnno Adi khAdya padArthoM ke liye kiyA gayA milatA hai| isakA vivecana hama dvitIya khaNDa me vistRta kara' Aye haiM / tatpazcAta dhIre-dhIre ina zabdoM kA prayoga prANyaMgoM, sthala 1. pacAmAga bhagavatIsUtra meM isa carcAspada sUtra pATha ke vanaspatiparaka artha ke samAna hI AcArAga, dazavakAlika Adi ke carcAspada sUtra pATho ke bhI vanaspatiparaka artha hai| jainAgamoM meM Aye hue carcAspada zabdo ke prANyagoM ke atirikta nirAmiSa artha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya se sapramANa yahA~ diye jAte haiM : ye zabda aTiTha, aTThiya, AmiSa, kaTaya, maccha, maMsa, majja Adi haiN| arddhamAgadhI saskRta nirAmiSArtha 1 achi amthi bIja, guThalI, lakaDI kauTilIya arthazAstra pR0 118, suzruta saMhitA, vRhadAraNyopaniSad 2. ayi 1. asthika bAja na banA ho sA 1. jimameM bIja na banA ho sA vRhaH 1 aparipakva phala, guThalI vAle paNNavaNA sUtra bera, Ama Adi phala 2. Arthika 2. mokSa kA kAraNa uttarAdhyayana 1 3. Amima Amipa 1. AhAra, phalAdi bhojya vastu paMcA06

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vanaspatyaMgoM tathA pakvAnnoM Adi meM samAna rUpa se hone lgaa| usa samaya prANyaMga mAMsa halke manuSyoM tathA kSatriyoM Adi zikArI jAtiyoM kA khAdya avazya bana gayA thaa| vedavihita yajJoM meM pazu-balI kI prathA ke kAraNa prANyaMga mAMsa jo yajJo meM balI se banatA thA vaha bhI dharmazraddhA se khAdya banatA jA rahA thaa| tathApi jaina zramaNa eva jaina zramaNopAsaka gaharU (zrAvaka) isakA AhAra kadApi na karate the| kintu jaina tIrthakara bhagavAna neminAtha ne rAjA ugrasena ke vahA~ bhojanArtha bAMdhe gaye pazuoM ko abhaya dAna dilAyA tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne pazuoM ke yajJoM kA ghora virodha kiyA / yaha saba kucha hone para bhI gautama buddha ne bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke samAna hI hiMsaka yajJoM kA virodha kiyA / kintu tathAgata gautama buddha evaM unake bhikSuo meM prANyaMga matsya, mAMsa Adi kA bhakSaNa hone laga gayA thaa| IsA kI prathama 2. naivedya miSTAnna, pakvAnna saMbodha prakaraNa 3. AmiSa pUjA-naivedya pUjA dharmaratna karaMDaka (vardhamAna sUrikRta) 4. jambIra phala, bijorA, jalA huA anna, masura dhAnya, gAya, bhaisa, bakarI ke dUdha dharma sindhu ke sivAya anya dUdha / bAsI anna, namaka, apane liye pakAyA huA bhojana ityAdi / 4. kNtty| kaMTaka 1. kATA kaMTaga 2. zalya vipAka 18

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zatAbdI ke bAda mAsa zabda jo piSTa se niSpanna miSTAnna tathA phala garbha ke artha meM prayukta hotA thA, vaha dhIre-dhIre bhUlA jAne lgaa| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se pUrva nirmita jainAgamoM tathA prakIrNakoM meM mAMsa Adi zabda vanaspatyaMga tathA pakvAnnoM ke artha meM hI prayukta hue haiN| isake bAda ke jaina graMthoM meM mAMsa aura pudgala zabdoM kA prayoga prANyaMga mAMsa ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta hone lgaa| (3) jainAgamoM meM Aye hue vivAdAspada sUtra pAThoM kA vAstavika artha samajhane ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki janAgamoM kI racanA kA itihAsa bhI jAnA jAya tAki spaSTArtha samajhane meM sugamatA prApta ho| uttarAdhyayana 1 AcArAMga 2, 1, 5 kSema kutUhala 3. du.khotpAdaka vastu 5. kaMTaya boMdiyA-kaMTaka zAkhA 1. kA~ToM vAlI vRkSa zAkhA 1. matsyAkRti ke banAye hue maccha matsya ur3ada kI pIThI ke pakvAnna, kodrava dhAnya ke taMdula, vrIhi ke taMdula mAdayati anena nazA karane vAle dhAnya iti matsya / macchaMDiyA matsyaM DikA aNDa zarkarA-eka prakAra kI zakkara 6. maMsa mAMsa 1. phaliyoM kA gUdA, phala kA gUdA, mevoM kA gUdA kauTilIya arthazAstra a0 24 pRSTha 117 paha0 2, 4, NAyA0 vRhadAraNyopaniSad suzruta saMhitA,

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bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne apanI 42 varSa kI Ayu meM IsA pUrva 557 varSa meM kevala jJAna prApta kara apane siddhAntoM kA sArvatrika pracAra karanA prArambha kiyA aura IsA pUrva 527 varSa meM nirvANa (mokSa) pAne taka lagAtAra jo 30 varSo taka upadeza diyA, usa upadeza ko unake mukhya ziSyoM-gaNadharoM ne sUtra rUpa meM guMthana kiyA aura unheM dvAdazAMgoM - bAraha aMgoM (zAstroM) meM saMgRhIta kara apanI ziSya paramparA meM inakA ke stha paThana-pAThana cAlU rakhA / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda isa dvAdazAMgI ke AdhAra se pUrvavid jainAcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para jina zAstroM kI racanA kI ve Agama tathA prakaraNoM ke nAma se prasiddha hue| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI dvArA upadiSTa dvAdazAMgI aMga praviSTa tathA usake AdhAra se race gaye zAstra 7. majja 1. masja 2. madya 2. gariSTha khAdya padArthoM meM prathama nambara kA khAdya-padArtha jo dhI zakkara pIThI Adi se banAyA jAtA hai, usameM kesara athavA lAla candana kA raMga diyA jAtA hai / anekArya saMgraha koza he0 4, 101 bhAva0 snAna karanA, DUbanA saMdhAna jala sAfa karanA, mArjana karanA SaDa0 prAkR0 he0 3. mRja adhyApaka kosAmbI ne "bhagavAn buddha" nAmaka pustaka meM jainAgamoM-dazavaikAlika tathA AcArAMga ke jina sUtra pAThoM ke uddharaNa dekara yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki jaina sAdhu prANyaMga mAMsa bhakSaka the vahA~ saba artha vanaspatiparaka haiM / una sUtra pAThoM ke pUrvApara sambandha se yaha bAta spaSTa hai / ( 157 )

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( 158 ) samUha aMgavAla ke nAma se kahe jAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke gyAraha gaNavara the, unameM se nava to bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aujUdagI meM hI nirmANa (mokSa) ko pA gaye the / jisa rAtri ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa pAyA thA usI rAtri ko unake prathama gaNadhara zrI in bhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna ho jAne se eka mAtra pAMcaveM gaNadhara zrI sudharmA svAmI usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caturvidha saMgha ( sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA ) rUpa tIrtha ke netA (saMgha nAyaka AcArya) saMrakSaka bane / jaina zramaNa bAhyAbhyaMtara parigraha ke sarvathA tyAgI hone se unheM nirgrantha (niggaTha athavA niggaMtha) ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| ve nirgrathacaryA ke pAlana ke liye atyAvazyaka katipaya upakaraNoM ke sivAya apane pAsa anya koI bhI padArtha nahIM rakhate the tathA usa samaya kevalI, gaNavara evaM dvAdazAMgI (gyAraha aMga tathA caudaha pUrvI ) kA jJAtA gItArtha jaina zramaNa saMgha vidyamAna hone se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ko likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI gyii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda 170 varSo taka zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI taka dvAdazAMgI ko nirgrantha zramaNoM ne barAbara kaMThastha yAda rakhA, isaliye usa jJAna meM kamI nahIM AyI / zrI sthUlabha jo ki AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ke samakAlIna tathA unake bAda unake paTTadhara AcArya niyukta hue ve gyAraha aMgoM tathA dasa pUrvo ke artha sahita jJAtA evaM cAra pUrvo ko mUla sUtra pATha me jAnate the / usa samaya aneka anya nirgrantha bhI itane jJAna ke jJAtA the / yaha samaya IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI ThahatA hai / Arya suhastI, Arya mahAgiri, mahArAjA samprati ke samaya hue ( I0 pU0 220 ) / phira IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ( I0 pU0 174 ) meM jaina samrATa kaligAdhipati khAravela ne apanI mahA vijaya ke bAda apanI rAjadhAnI meM eka dharma sammelana kiyA / usa samaya nirgrantha zramaNa bahuta saMkhyA meM pdhaare| "vahA~ una saba ne jainAgamoM kI vAcanA kI aura unheM vyavasthita kiyA / " aisA hAthI gufA ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai / isI prakAra bIca-bIca meM eka-do zatAbdiyoM ke bAda nirgrantha zramaNa kisI na kisI sthAna para ekatrita

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( 159 ) hosAra jainAgamoM kA paraspara milakara vAcana karake una ko surakSita rakhate maaye| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM baccasvAmI hue taba taka gyAraha baMga tathA pUrvo kA zAna kaMThastha surakSita rhaa| isake bAda kAla ke svabhAva se buddhi maMda ho jAne ke kAraNa se nirgrantha zramaNa Amama pATha bhUlane lge| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke caubIsaveM pATa para zrI sakaMdilAcArya hue, usa samaya bAraha varSIya duSkAla par3ane ke kAraNa jaina zramaNoM ko aMga-upAMga bhI pUrNa rUpa se yAda nahIM rhe| subhikSa hone para mathurA meM sakaMdilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM jaina zramaNoM kA phira eka vRhatsammelana huaa| usa samaya nirgandha zramaNa saMgha ne ekatrita hokara jisa sAdhu ko jisa zAstra kA jitanA pATha kaMThastha yAda thA vaha ekatra karake jainAgamoM ko punaH sakalita kiyA gayA / isaliye ise mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiM / yaha samaya lagamama IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI kA ThaharatA hai| isa prakAra boca-bIca meM eka-do zatAbdiyoM ke bAda nigraMtha zramaNa apanA sammelana karake jainAgamoM ke apane kaMThastha jJAna kA punarvAcana karake unhe vyavasthita rakhate Aye / anta meM kAla ke svabhAva se jaba smaraNazakti meM adhika kamI Ane lagI aura sUtra pATha vismaraNa hote cale gaye / taba IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM (bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 980 varSa bAda) balabhI nagarI meM samasta nigraMya zramaNoM kA eka vRhassammelana huaa| isa sammelana ke adhyakSa jainAcArya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa the| yaha usa samaya ke yugapradhAna aura mukhyAcArya the / sammelana meM jisa-jisa sAdhu ko AgamoM ke jo-jo pATha kaMThastha yAda the unakA vAcana huA / vAcanA ke pazcAt yaha mAlUma huA ki caudaha pUrva pUrNa bhUle jA cuke haiN| bAkI ke gyAraha aM ke bho kucha bhAga vismaraNa ho cuke haiM / isa nirgranthazramaNasaMbha ke sAmane vikaTa samasyA upasthita thI / yadi isa samaya bace hue isa kaMThastha Agama jJAna ko lipibaddha na kiyA gayA to kAlAMtara me yaha bhI dhUla jAne se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dvAdazAMgI vANI kA pUrNa rUpa se viccheda ho jAyagA aura yadi likhA jAtA hai to isa kAma koniSatramaNasaMdha

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( 160 ) ko svayaM niSpanna karanA hogA / yadi aisA hI Avazyaka hai to zrI nirgranthazramaNa saMgha ko saMyama pAlana ke nimitta apane upakaraNoM meM lekhanI, syAhI, arepatra ityAdi kI vRddhi karanI par3egI / anta meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kA vicAra karake jisase ahita kA parihAra tathA hita kA lAbha ho aise utsarga- apavAda rUpa syAdvAda kI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhate hue usa samaya ekatrita hue nirgranyabhramaNasaMgha ne sarvasammati se isa kaMThastha jJAna ko lipibaddha karake pustakArUr3ha karane kA nirNaya kiyA / isa nirNaya ke anusAra zrI devagiNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM jo-jo Agama pATha jisa-jisa nirgrantha zramaNa ko yAda the una saba ko binA kisI pheraphAra ke tAr3apatroM para likha kara lipibaddha kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se lekara isa samaya taka jitane AgamoM prakIrNakoM kI racanA huI thI, phira ve cAhe aMgapraviSTa the yA aMgabAhya the una kA jitanA jitanA bhAga yAda thA saba saMgRhita kara liyA gayA / arthAt IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina sAhitya ko lipibaddha karake likha liyA gayA / tatpazcAt isa Agama-sAhitya para niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya, TIkAeM Adi likhe gaye / tathA anekavidha navIna sAhitya kI racanA bhI hotI A rahI hai / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainAgamoM meM jo ki isa samaya vidyamAna hai una kI mUla bhASA jaisI ki bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne apane zrImukha se divya dhvani dvArA apanI dezanA ( upadeza ) me kahI thI vahI bhASA binA kisI phera phAra ke surakSita hai / (4) ina jainAgamoM para TIkAeM Adi likhane vAle TIkAkAra samartha vidvAna the, jaina siddhAntoM tathA AcAroM ke jAnakAra evaM pratipAlaka the / unake roma-roma meM jainadharma kA anurAga bhI thaa| aisA hote hue bhI ve chadmastha the aura ina AgamoM para kAoM kI racanAsamaya taka to ina vivAdAspada zabdoM ke prAcIna artha prAyaH bhUle jA cuke the tathA inake navIna atha prANyaMgoM ke rUpa meM pracAra pA cuke the / isaliye zabda kozakAroM ne bhI apane navIna zabda kozoM meM ina zabdoM ke artha ko prApyaMga rUpa meM likhA / yaha bAta

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( 161 ) zAstriyoM se chipI nahIM hai| aisI hAlata meM ina vivAdAspada sUtrapAThoM ke artha meM matabheda honA svAbhAvika thA / jinheM to prAcIna guruparamparA dvArA kiye jAne vAlA artha yAda thA ve to ina zabdoM kA artha arerforce aer pakvAnnAdi khAdya padArtha karate the aura jo una prAcIna arthoM ko bhUla cuke hoMge aura usa samaya ke pracalita artha karate hoMge ve ina zabdoM kA artha prANyaMgoM kA samajhane lage hoM to isa meM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / yadi koI koI AcArya apanI udyasyAvasthA ke kAraNa prAcIna samaya se kiye jAne vAle artho ke badale mAMsaparaka artha samajhane lage hoM to bhI jaba ve jaina AcAra vicAroM ke sAtha tulanA karate to unheM isa bAta kA vismaya hue binA nahIM rahatA hogA ki navakoTika ahiMsA ke pratipAlaka tathA upadezaka niggaMTha nAyaputa ( zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ) tathA nirgrantha zramaNoM ke AcAra sambandhI sUtrapAThoM meM aise mAsaniSpanna padArthoM ke vyavahAra kI AjJA kyoM ? jainAcAryoM ne zabda se bhI artha ko adhika mahattva diyA hai / isake mUla kI khoja kI jAya to patA lagatA hai ki jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra tIrthakara to kevala artha kA upadeza dete haiM / " zabda gaNadhara ke hote haiM ' / arthAt mUlabhUta artha hai na ki zabda / vaidikoM meM to mUlabhUta zabda hai usa ke bAda usake artha kI mImAMsA hotI hai| isaliye jainadharma ke anusAra mUlabhUta artha hai, zabda to usake bAda AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sUtroM ke zabdoM kA utanA mahattva nahIM, jitanA unake artho kA hai| isI liye jainAcAryo ne zabda ko utanA mahatva nahIM diyA jitanA ki arthI ko diyA aura phalasvarUpa zabdoM ko chor3a kara ve tAtparyArtha kI ora Age bar3hane meM samartha hue | zabda kA kevala ka prasiddha artha karanA "bhASA" hai, eka se adhika artha karanA "vibhASA" ; tathA yAvat artha kA denA "vAtika" hai / AcArya apanI ora se sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM, kintu usa vyAkhyA kA tIrthaMkara devoM kI kisI bhI AjJA se virodha nahIM honA cAhiye /

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( 152 ) deva kI AjJA ke virodha meM apanI AzA dene kA adhikAra AcArya ko nahIM hai| kyoMki tIrthaMkara aura AcArya kI AzA meM balAbala kI dRSTi se tIrthaMkara deva kI jAjJA hI balavatI mAnI jAtI hai, AcArya kI nahIM / arra tIrthaMkara deva kI AjJA kI avahelanA karane vAlA vyakti avinaya evaM garva ke doSa se dUSita mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra zruti aura smRti meM virodha hone para zruti hI balavAna mAnI jAtI hai, usI prakAra tIrthaMkara kI mAzA AcArya kI AjJA se balavatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prathamAMga AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra zrI zIlaMkAcArya tathA dazavekAlika Agama ke TIkAkAra zrI haribhadrasUri ne sUtra pAThoM meM Ane vAle ina vivAdAspada zabdoM ke artha jainadharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke anukUla karane ke liye apanI buddhi kA ThIka-ThIka upayoga karane meM koI kasara nahIM uThA rakhI / pRthvI, pAnI Adi cha: kAya jIvoM kI dayA pAlane vAle kIr3iyoM kI karugA ke liye kar3avI tumbI kA AhAra karane vAle tathA apane mAnya tIrthakara devoM ke siddhAnta ko pAlana karane ke upalakSa meM pA~ca-pA~ca sau eka ho samaya me dhAnI meM pIle jAne para bhI haMsate-haMsate apane prANoM ko Ahuti dene vAle jaina nigraMtha anivArya saMyogoM meM bhI mAMsa machalI Adi kA bhakSaNa ka e aisI bAta una ke gale bhI na utarI / tathA jisa prakAra ina sUtroM ke vivAdAspada bhAgoM ko Ajakala ke kucha vidvAna kSepaka athavA vicAraNIya mAnate haiM, una TIkAkAroM ne ina Adhunika vidvAnoM ke samAna ghuSTatA bhI nahIM kii| unhoMne apanI buddhi ko kasakara mUla siddhAnta ke hArda ke jitanA samIpa se samIpa jAyA jA sakA utanA jAne kA prayatna kiyA / kintu unhoMne kisI bhI sthAna para mAMsa-machalI Adi abhakSya padArthoM ko khAne kA artha to kiyA hI nahIM / paMcAMga bhagavatI sUtra ke TIkAkAra zrI abhayadeva sUri ne to isameM Aye hue vivAdAspada sUtra pATha kA spaSTArtha vanaspati-paraka hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH prAcIna TIkAkAroM, cUrNikAroM ke matAnusAra bhI nirbhaya zramaNa mAMsa bhakSaNa athavA mAMsa- bhikSA karate the yaha kadApi siddha nahIM ho sakatA /

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( 33 ) ataH mamatAsUtra ke alAvA mAcarAga, dazarvakAlika, evaM sUryaprajJApti Adi anya cainAgamoM meM Ane vAle aise vivAdAspada zabdoM kA na bhI vanaspatiparaka tathA pakvAnna Adi hI nirbaMdha AcAra-vicAroM ke sAtha prAcIna veda tathA prAcIna jainAdi granthoM ke anusAra saMgata baiThatA hai, kintu mAMsaparaka sarvayA asaMgata hai| yadi kisI Adhunika vidvAna kI yaha dhAraNA ho ki ina sUtroM kI racanA ke samaya racanAkAra ko vanaspatiparaka tathA mAsaparaka donoM hI artha abhipreta the to unakI yaha dhAraNA uparyukta udAharaNoM se sarvathA asatya ThaharatI haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kabhI bhI kisI zrama nirbrantha ne mAMsAhAra grahaNa kiyA hotA to usakA varNana jaina athavA janetara sAhitya meM avazya pAyA jAtA kintu harSa kA viSaya hai ki kisI bhI jananirgranthabhramaNa ne mAMsabhakSaNa kiyA ho athavA mAMsa- bhikSA grahaNa kI ho usakA nAma taka kisI bhI prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| ( 5 ) itane vivecana se yaha bAta phalita hotI hai ki AdhArAMga, bhagavatI, sUryaprajJapti, dazavekAlika Adi jaina AgamoM kA racanAkAla jaba ina vivAdAspada zabdoM kA prayoga vanaspatiparaka tathA pakvAnnoM Adi ke artha meM hotA thA, utanA prAcIna hai| vaha samaya ThIka bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI kA baiThatA hai isase yaha spaSTa hai ki balabhI meM devaddhagaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM jina AgamasamUha ko sakalita kara lipibaddha kiyA gayA thA vaha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI vANI kA binA kisI phera-phAra ke saMkalana thA / jo Aja taka zvetAMbara jainoM ke pAsa surakSita hai / ataH sujJa vidvAnoM ko cAhiye ki ina sUtrapAThoM kA artha karate samaya nirgrantha AcAra-vicAra tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya ke jo artha pracalita the unhIM ke anukUla artha kare / viparItArtha kara apanI ajJAnatA kA paricaya na de / (6) yadi nirgranthaparamparA meM machalI, mAMsAhAra Adi kA pracalana hotA athavA jainAgamoM meM machalI mAMsAdi ke AhAra karane kA ullekha

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hotA to anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAhitya meM jainadharma ke pratisparsI rUpa meM noM para mAMsAhAra karane kA AkSepa avazya pAyA jaataa| parantu yaha bar3e paurava kA viSaya hai ki janetara sAhitya me janoM para isa AkSepa kA sarvathA abhAva hai| mere eka mitra jo eka labdhapratiSTha vidvAna haiM lekhaka, vaktA tathA dharmopadezaka haiM unhoMne isa viSaya ke liye yaha tarka kiyA-"saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki jaina sAhitya jainetara vidvAnoM ke hAtha meM na jA pAyA ho, isalie ho sakatA hai ki ve aisA AkSepa jainoM para na kara pAye hoM" unakI yaha dalIla koI yuktimagata pratIta nahI hotI, kyoMki yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA ki jaina sAhitya jainetara vidvAnoM ke hAtha meM na gayA ho| yadi thor3I dera ke liye aisA mAna bhI liyA jAya to bhI vaMdika. paurANika jaina tathA bauddha sAhitya kA avalokana karane se patA calatA hai ki aneka nirgrantha zramaNa jainadharma kA tyAga kara anya dharma sampradAyoM meM jA mile| anekoM ne nimrantha zramaNa kI caryA kA tyAga kara apane navIna sampradAyoM kI sthApanA bhI kii| jaba ve jaina dharmopAsaka the taba unhoMne janAgamoM kA abhyAsa to avazya hI kiyA hogA / isakA yaha matalaba huA ki ve jainAgamoM tathA ninthAcAroM vicAroM se pUrNarUpeNa paricita the, aisA spaSTa siddha hotA hai| yadi jainAgamoM tathA jaina AcAra-vicAroM meM kicita mAtra bhI mAsa machalI Adi abhakSyabhakSaNa kA varNana athavA pracalana hotA to ve jainadharma ke pratipakSI rUpa me jainoM para avazya AkSepa karate pAye jaate| (7) nigraMtha (jaina) zramaNoM kA AcAra janatA ke samakSa thA, kyoMki jaina muni AhAra Adi sadA gahasthoM ke vahA~ se hI le lete the evaM lete haiN| yadi ve kadAcit anivArya avasthA meM bhI prANyaMga mAMsa-matsyAdi kA bhakSaNa karate to jainetara sAhitya me janoM para mAMsAhAra karane kA AkSepa avazya pAyA jaataa| aisA na honA hI yaha siddha karatA hai ki nigraMtha AcAra-vicAra se prANyaMga mAsAdi bhakSaNa ko kiMcinmAtra bhI avakAza nhii| (8)gautama buddha, jamAlI, gozAlaka ye tInoM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI

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( 165 ) ke samakAlIna the tathA ye sabhI prathama niyaMnyaparamparA meM dIkSita hue aura varSoM taka nirgrantha AcAroM kA pAlana bhI karate rahe / bAda meM isa paramparA kA tyAga kara jaba unhoMne apane-apana nadhIna paMthoM kI sthApanAe~ kI taba bhI unhoMne jainadharma ke pratispardhI ke rUpa meM jaina siddhAntoM tathA AcAroM kA ghora virodha kiyaa| yadyapi ina tInoM meM se buddhadharma ke sAhitya ke atirikta kimI paMtha kA sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi bauddha sAhitya ko dekhane se hama spaSTa jAna sakate haiM ki tathAgata gautama buddha ne jaba apane paMtha kI sthApanA kI usa samaya apane paMtha ke pracAra tathA vistAra ke liye jaina dharma ke anekAntavAda, tapazcaryA Adi kI kar3I AlocanA kii| zAkya muni gautama buddha tathA unake bhikSu prANyaMga mAMsa, machalI Adi mRtamAMsa kA khullama-khullA niHsaMkoca bhakSaNa karate the aura ve loga mRtamAMsabhakSaNa meM doSa bhI nahIM mAnate the| unake ina abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa karane para unake samakAlIna nirAmiSamojI matAvalambiyoM ne una kI aisI AcAra praNAlI kI kar3I AlocanA kI evaM AkSepa bhI kiye / una AlocakoM meM jana bhI eka the| buddha ne apane isa zithilAcAra ko Dhakane ke liye tathA apane dharmapracAra ke liye apane AlocakoM ke viruddha aneka prakAra se pracAra kiyA / itihAsa se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki jaina tathA bauddha usa mamaya paraspara pratisparTI ke rUpa meM the| aisA hote hue bhI bauddha sAhitya meM jainoM para mAMsAhAra karane kA AkSepa na pAyA jAnA hamAre isa mata kI puSTi karatA hai ki nirgrantha (jaina) paramparA meM kadApi prANyaMga mAMsa machalI Adi abhakSya padArthoM ke khAne kA pracalana nahIM thaa| (9) mAtra itanA hI nahI parantu zAkyamuni gautama buddha ne apanI nirgrantha avasthA kI tapazcaryA kA varNana karate hue matsya, mAMsa, madirA Adi sevana karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| aisA hone se nirgrantha zramaNoM kA mAMsAhAra na karane kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAnA bhI isI bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki nimrantha (jaina) paramparAoM meM aise abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa kA kadApi pracalana nahIM thaa|

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(10) bana jAvamA janavaraprAcIna sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha bhI patA lagatA hai ki sadA se jaina sampradAyoM ke aneka samartha vidvAnoM ne apane pahale sampradAya kA tyAga kara jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| jinameM niggaMTha nAmapusa (zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra) ke mukhyaziSya-gaNadhara indrabhUti Adi gyAraha brAhmaNa paMDitoM ne bhI jo caudaha vidyAoM ke jJAtA the apane hajAroM ziSyoM ke sAtha nirgrantha zramaNa ke pAMca mahAvratoM ko svIkAra kara jana muni kI dIkSA grahaNa kI / ve saba jainadharma svokAra karane se pahale yajoM meM svayaM pazubali karate the , dUsaroM se karavAte the, tathA isa prathA kA sarvatra pracAra bhI karate the, evaM yajJoM dvArA taiyAra kiye hue prANyaMga mAMsa ko khAnA apanA paramadharma samajhate the| zayyabhava, haribhadra Adi aneka samartha vidvAnoM ne bhI aisA hI kiyaa| jainadharma ko svIkAra karane ke bAda ye saba mahAn tapasvI paramasayamI tathA navakoTika ahiMsA ke pratipAlaka ba' aura samartha gItArtha jainAcAryoM ke rUpa meM prakhyAta hue| yadi jainadharma ke AcAra vicAroM me kiMcinmAtra bhI sAmiSAhAra kI AjJA athavA pracAra hotA to ve svaya parama ahiMsaka kadApi na bana pAte / mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu vaha jainoM para yaha AkSepa bhI avazya karate ki Apa jaina loga svayaM to sAmiSAhAra karate haiM phira bhI anya sAmiSa bhojI sampradAyoM kI bAlocanA kyoM karate hai ? kintu parama gaurava kA viSaya hai ki janoM para aisA eka bhI AkSepa jaina athavA janetara sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahI hotaa| isa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki nimrantha (jaina) dharma me sAmiSAhAra ko kicinmAtra bhI avakAza nahI hai| (11) jahA~-jahAM bhI jainadharma kA adhika prabhAva rahA, vahA~ ke anya dharmAvalambI zrI prANyaMga mAsAdi abhakSya padArthoM kA istemAla (upayoga) karane se dUra rahate A rahe haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu mAja se habAra bAraha sau varSa pahale jaba bauddha loma mujarAta pradeza meM bhAye taba jainadharma ke AcAra tathA vicAra ke prabhAva se prabhAvita ho kara unheM bhI matsya-mAMsAdi ke prANyaMga mAMsaparaka aoM ko banaspatiparaka

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( 160 ) artha karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A tathA bauddha graMthoM meM bauddha cikSuSoM ko prAyaMga mAMsAdi abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa ke liye niSeSa karanA par3A / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhUtakAla se lekara Aja taka jainoM meM mAMsAhAra kA koI pracAra athavA prabhAva ko avakAza nahIM rahA / ye saba bAteM bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA nigraMtha zramaNoM ke kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI hone kA spaSTa pramANa hai / (12) yahI kAraNa hai ki mAMsAhArI pradezoM tathA mAMsAhArI dezoM meM rahane vAle jaina dharmAvalambI gRhastha bhI sadA kI bhAMti Aja taka kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiM / mAtra itanA hI nahIM jaina dharma ko laMbe arse se bhUla cukane vAlI 'sarAka' Adi jAtiyoM kA Aja bhI kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI honA una para jainadharma ke AcAra tathA vicAra kI gaharI chApa kA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai / (13) bhAratavarSa meM janadharma ko mAnane vAlI osavAla, khaMDelavAla, poravAla, zrImAla, pallIvAla Adi pramukha jaina jAtiyoM kA nirmANa rAjapUtAdi mAsAzI jAtiyoM meM se huaa| jaba se ina mahAnubhAvoM ne jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyA aura ye nirgratha (jaina) zramaNopAsaka (zrAvaka) bane taba se Aja paryanta kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI haiN| yadi jaina AcAra-vicAra meM mAMsAhAra kI thor3I sI bhI chUTa hotI, phira vaha cAhe utsarga se hotI athavA apavAda se, to ye uparyukta zramaNopAsaka jaina jAtiyA kadApi Aja kaTaTara nirAmiSabhojI na hotIM / isa ke viparIta bauddhoM ke samAna ye bhI saba sAmiSAhArI hote| hama dekha cuke haiM ki buddhadharma ko svIkAra karane vAle nirAmiSa bhojI tApasa bhI mAMsAhArI bana gae tathA janadharsa ko svIkAra karane vAle mAMsAhArI loga bhI kaTaTara nirAmiSAhArI bana gaye / isa se bhI spaSTa siddha hai ki niba-paramparA meM mAMsAhAra kA kabhI bhI pracalana nahIM thA aura na hai / (14) jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI tathA zAkya mudi tamAgata gautama buddha samakAlIna the aura AtmasAdhana ke eka hI nipa

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( 168 ) para ke do padhika the| mahAtmA buddha isa patha se bhaTaka gae aura bhagavAn mahAbIra sa papa ko pAra kara saphala hue| bhagavAna mahAvIra apanI mAtmA ko zuddha pavitra karake karmamala se sarvathA rahita hokara mokSa prApta kara sadA ke lie amara ho gayaM tathA mahAtmA buddha apanI citta zakti ko sarvathA bujhA kara sadA ke liye vilupta ho gye| ina donoM ke apaneapane AcAra vicAroM ke anukala hI nigraMtha (jaina) paramparA kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI hai aura bauddha-paramparA mAsa-machalI Adi sarvabhakSI hai| (15) nigraMtha paramparA sadA se prANyaMga mAMsa, ma lI, aNDe, madirA Adi abhakSyabhakSaNa kA virodha karatI AI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma anya mAsAhArI paramparAoM ke samAna mAsAhArI dezoM meM na phaila skaa| bhAratavarSa meM hI isakA prAdurbhAva ho kara bhArata me sImita rhaa| (16) ataH (ka) bhASAzAstra ke itihAsa ke abhyAsI se yaha bAta kadApi chipI nahIM raha sakatI ki AcArAga Adi prAcIna jaina AgamoM ke racanAkAla ke samaya mAMma-AmiSa Adi zabdoM kA artha banaspatiparaka tathA pakvAnnoM adi uttama khAdya padArthoM kA kiyA jAtA thaa| isaliye ina AgamoM meM Aye hue mAMsAdi zabdoM kA artha prANyaMga tRtIya dhAtu mAMsa kA samajhanA sarvathA anucita hai / (kha) jaina AcAra-vicAroM ke anusAra bhI ina zabdoM kA prANyaMga mAMsaparaka artha sarvathA pratikUla hai| (ga) jaina paramparA ke AcAra saMbaMdhI itihAsa se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI se pahale ke jaina zrAvaka jo ki inake pUrvakAlavartI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha Adi ke anuyAyI the ve bhI mAMsAhArI nahI the| una pAzrvApatya zrAvakoM kA avazeSa rUpa "sarAka" jAti kA Aja bhI bagAla jaise mAMsAhArI deza meM sada bhAva aura una kA kaTTara nirAmiSAhArI honA isa bAta kA pratyakSa pramANa hai| tathA magavAna mahAvIra ke bAda nirmita hone vAlI osavAla, poravAla, agravAla, khaMDelavAla zrImAla Adi jaina jAtiyoM kA kaTTara nirAmiSabhojI honA bhI hamArI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karatA hai / jisa prakAra jaina zrAvaka nirA

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( 169 ) miSAhArI haiM usI prakAra nirbaMdha zramaNa ( jainamuni) bhI sarvathA evaM sarvadA nirAmiSabhojI the aura haiM / * aisA hote hue bhI adhyApaka kosAmbI kA yaha likhanA "ki unhoM ne (jainoM ne) mAMsAhAra kA samarthana isI (bauddhoM) ke DhaMga se kiyA hogA kyoMki pUrvakAlIna tapasviyoM ke samAna jaMgala ke phUla-phaloM para nirvAha na karake logoM kI dI huI bhikSA para nirbhara rahate the aura usa samaya nirmAta matsya bhikSA milanA asaMbhava thA / brAhmaNa loga yajJa meM hajAroM prANiyoM kA vadha karake unakA mAMsa Asa-pAsa ke logoM meM bAMTa dete the / gAMva ke loga devatAoM ko prANiyoM kI bali car3hA kara unakA mAMsa khAte the / isa ke atirikta kasAI loga ThIka caurAhe para gAya ko mAra kara usakA mAMsa becate rahate the| aisI sthiti meM pakvAnna kI bhikSA para nirbhara rahane vAle zramaNoM ko mAMsa rahita bhikSA milanA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA thA / " una kI yaha dhAraNA satyatA se kosoM dUra hai / kyoMki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra nigraMtha paramparA ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the una se pahale teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha tathA bAIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn ariSTa nemi (neminAtha) ityAdi teIsa tIrthaMkara ho cuke the jinhoMne sarvatra ahiMsA kA pracAra kara jaina AcAra-vicAroM ke pAlana karane vAle samAja kI sthApanA kI thI, jo catuvidha saMgha ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isameM sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ye jaina zrAvakazrAvikA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM inake dIkSA lene tathA kevalajJAna prApta kara dharma pracAra prArambha karane se pahale se vidyamAna the sarAka Adi jAtivat kaTTara nirAmiSabhojI the / ina ke atirikta anya nirAmiSabhojI saMnyAsI zramaNoM ke upAsaka gRhastha bhI nirAmiSAhArI avazya vidyamAna hoNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtApitA, tathA mAmA mahArAjA ceTaka kA parivAra tathA anya sage sambandhI bhI ni zramaNoM ke upAsaka the, arthAt jaina dharmAnuyAyI the /

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( 170 ) zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmapracAra se bhI lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM gRhasthoM ne jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA aura ve bAraha vratavArI zramaNopAsaka bana cuke the / jisa se usa samaya ye nirAmiSa bhojI bho sarvatra vidyamAna the / aisI avasthA meM bhikSA para nirbhara rahane vAle jaina nirgratha zramaNoM ko mAMsa rahita bhikSA milanA asaMbhava mAnanA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? pAThaka svayaM soca sakate haiM / vyakti do kAraNoM se jhUTha bolatA hai| ajJAnavaza athavA rAgadveSavaza / so kosAmbI jI kI upayukta dhAraNA satya se kosoM dUra hone ke kAraNa ina do kAraNoM meM se kisI eka kAraNa kA zikAra avazya huI hai| adhika kyA likhe / ( 17 ) manuSya kA usake vicAroM ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai / vicAro ke anusAra hI AcAra hotA hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai, paraloka nahI hai, paramAtmA nahIM hai usakA AcAra prAyaH bhogapradhAna rahatA hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA hai, paraloka hai, AtmA apane kiye hue zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra sukha-duHkha Adi phala ko bhogatA hai, usakA AcAra bhogapradhAna na hokara isake viparIta tyAgamaya hotA hai / ataH vicAroM kA manuSya ke Upara gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai / isalie kisI ke AcAra-vicAra ko jAne binA usa ke viSaya meM sammaka nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mahAtmA buddha mRta mAMsa meM jIva nahIM mAnate the, kintu niggaTha nAyaputa ( zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ) saba prakAra ke prANyaMga mAMsa ko trasa jIvoM kA puMja mAnate the / isaliye jaba hama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAbIra ke jIvana para dRSTipAta karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki ve dIkSA lene se pahale gRhasthAzrama meM hI sacitta AhAra ke saba prakAra se tyAgI ho cuke the aura nigraMtha zramaNa kI dIkSA lene ke bAda jaba ve sarvajJa - sarvadarzI ho cuke the taba unhoMne mohanIya karma ko sarvathA nAza kara liyA thA / usa samaya unheM apane zarIra para kicinmAtra bhI moha nahIM

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thaa| ve apane samAjAna bArAbaha bhI jAnate the ki abhI unakI Ayu solaha varSa aura zeSa hai| ve yaha bhI avazya jAnate hoMge ki pisa-jvara, raktapitta Adi rogoM ke zamana karane ke liye vanaspati se niSpanna nirdoSa aura prAsuka auSadhiyAM bhI sulabha prApya haiN| unake usa samaya lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM nirAmiSAhArI gRhastha zrAvaka anuyAyI tathA upAsaka vidyamAna the| jaba chadamastha nibaMtha dhamaNa bhI mAMsAhAra kA sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai taba tIrthakara bhagavAna kA AcAra to una nigranthoM se bhI bahuta utkRSTa thaa| aisI avasthA meM aisA pApa-mUlaka mAMsAhAra ve kaise grahaNa kara sakate the? kahanA hogA ki prabhu mahAvIra para mAMsAhAra kA doSAropaNa karanA cAMda para thUkane ke samAna hai| phira bhI yadi koI kahe ki roga ke zamana ke liye bhagavAna ne "murge kA mAMsa khAyA, kyoMki vivAdAspada sUtra pATha ke artha se bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai" to yaha dalILa bhI unakI yukti saMgata nahIM hai| kisI bhI bAta kA nirNaya karane se pahale isa viSaya meM lAgU par3ane vAle saMyoga tathA Asa-pAsa ke saMyogoM kA vicAra karake satya nirNaya karanA sujJa vidvAnoM kA sAghu kartavya hai| hama isa nibandha meM aneka sthaloM para isa bAta ke aneka pramANa dete A rahe haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prANi hilA tathA mAMsAhAra kA ugra virodha kiyA thaa| aise mahAn ahiMsaka ko apane siddhAnta kI kadara na ho yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? (18) jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra (1) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA banaRSabhanArAca saMhanana thaa| (2) unhoMne chagrasthAvasthA meM ghorAtiyora upasarga tathA parISahU saha kara bhI apane nirgaya zramaNa ke AcAroM kA dahatA pUrvaka pAlana kiyA thaa| (3) unhoMne mAMsAhAra ko narakAti meM le jAne vAlA batalAyA hai / (4) mAMsAhArI ko kasAI (ghAtakahiMsaka) kahA hai jo ki sarvakA sArthaka hai| kasAI sanda kaSAyI kA prAkRta paryAyavAcI hotA hai| isakA aAzaya yaha hayA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntAnusAra mAMsAhAra utkRSTa kAmAyanAna vyakti hI kara sakatA hai|

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( 172 ) zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI to kaSAya ajJAnAdi aThAraha doSoM rahita " sarvajJa sarvadarzI the, isaliye kadAcita inake roga meM mAMsAhAra guNakArI bhI hotA to bhI ahimA ke Adarza upadezaka tathA karuNA ke avatAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kabhI bhI aise abhakSya padArtha ko svIkAra kareM yaha buddhigamya tathA zraddhAgamya nahI hai / (5) unheM to apanI deha para bhI mamatA nahIM thI / (6) unheM yaha bhI jJAna thA ki isa roga meM murge kA mAMsa ghAtaka hai / (7) unhe unake roga zamana ke liye vanaspatiniSpanna nirdoSa tathA prAsu anukUla auSadhi sulabha prApya bhI thI / aisI paristhiti meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mAMsAhAra grahaNa karanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai | 1 niggaMTha nAyaputta ( zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ) apane siddhAnta ke viruddha jAne vAlI, prANoM kI ghAtaka, roga kI prakRti ke pratikUla tathA abhakSya, mahApApamUlaka vastu apane ziSya siMha muni dvArA maMgA kara grahaNa kare, yaha bAta samajhadAra vyakti ke gale kadApi nahIM utara sakatI / (19) revatI zrAvikA jo dhanADhya gRhastha kI strI thI, bahuta hI samajhadAra aura buddhimatI po aura bAraha vrata dhAriNI bhI thI / aisI utkRSTa zrAvikA aisA ucchiSTa mAMsa kaise rAdha sakatI thI ? rAMdha kara bAsI kyoM rakhe ? phira bhagavAn ke liye de| ye saba bAteM kaise saMbhava ho sakatI haiM ? jo svayaM rAMdhe vaha khAto bhI hogI taba vaha vratadhAriNI kaise huI ? mAMsa khAne vAlI revatI aise bAsI mA~sa kA AhAra dAna karane se devagati prApta kare tathA tIrthakaranAmakarma upArjana kare, yaha kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai ? zAstrakAra to " tRtIyaoNga ThANAMga Agama" meM kahate hai ki isa supAtradAna ke prabhAva se revatI zrAvikA devagati meM gayI aura AgAmI cauvIsI meM manuSyajanma pAkara isa kI AtmA tIrthaMkara ho kara nirvANa (mokSa) pada ko prApta karegI / ataH isase yaha spaSTa hai ki samyagdarzana 'pUrvaka bAraha vrata dhAriNI zrAvikA na to kadApi prANyaMga mAMsa pakA sakatI

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( 173 ) thI aura na ho dAna meM de sakatI thii| kyoMki yaha bAta usake mAnya AcAra aura siddhAnta ke sarvathA viruddha thii| (20) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke roga kA vicAra karate hue tathA unake AcAra-vicAroM ko lakSya meM rakhate hue, evaM nigraMtha zramaNa siMha muni kI caryA kA avalokana karate hue dhAvikA revatI ke pavitra AcAra ko samajhate hue yaha bAta phalita hotI hai ki yaha auSadha prANyaMga mAMsa se niSpanna nahIM thii| murge kA mAMsa rakta-pitta jaise dAhaka roga meM hAnikara hai aisI vaidyaka zAstra kI mAnyatA hone se yaha bAta sarvathA satya hai ki jo auSadha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane roga zamanArtha grahaNa kI thI vaha vanaspatiniSpanna, eSaNIya, prAsuka evaM nigraMthaAcAra tathA rogazamanArtha sarvathA anukUla thii| (21) koI koI Ajakala yaha kahate bhI pAye jAte haiM ki vanaspatiyAM pakvAnna tathA khAdya padArthoM ke liye mAMsa-matsyAdi jo zabda vanaspatiyoM aura prANiyoM athavA vanaspatyaMgoM aura prANyaMgoM donoM ke liye prayukta hote haiM aise zabdoM kA prayoga prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM vanaspati aura pakvAnnoM ke liye kyoM kiyA gayA? jaba ki zabdakoza meM aise zabda bhI maujUda haiM jinakA prayoga mAtra vanaspatiyoM ke liye hI hotA hai| aisA hone se to mAMsa matsyAdi abhakSya padArthoM ke bhakSaNa kA sandeha ho jAne ke kAraNa artha kA anartha ho rahA hai| ataH Agama racane vAloM ko cAhiye thA ki ve aise dvayArthaka zabdoM kA prayoga sUtrapAThoM meM na karate, aura yadi ho bhI gayA hai to aise sUtrapAThoM ko prAcIna jainAgamoM meM se nikAla denA caahiye| Aja se paccIsa sau varSa pahale niggaMTha nAyaputta (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI) ke upadezoM kA saMgraha unake gaNadharoM ne kiyA usa samaya ina vibAdAspada zabdoM kA artha vanaspatiparaka tathA pakvAnna Adi uttama khAdya padArtho ke liye prayoga kiyA jAtA thA, isa bAta kA ullekha hama pahale kara Aye hai| bhASAzAstriyoM se yaha bAta bhUlI huI nahIM hai ki deza tathA kAlAdi ke bheda se zabdoM ke artha bhinna ho jAte haiN| ekArthaka

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sA anekArthaka bana jAte hai tathA banekArthaka ekAka bana jAte haiN| baneka zabdoM tathA lipiyoM meM eka dama parivartana bhI ho jAtA hai| jo zabda Aja kisI vizeSa artha meM prayukta hotA hai vaha zabda kAlAMtara meM sarvathA bhinna artha meM prayukta hone lagatA hai| so Aja se paccIsa sI varSa pahale magadhadeza meM bolI jAne vAlI bhASA Aja kI bhASA se mela kaise pA sakatI hai / ataH sujJa evaM niSpakSa vidvAnoM ko cAhiye ki ve kisI bhI sUtra pATha kA artha karate samaya deza, kAla, paristhiti, AcAra, vicAra Adi ko lakSya meM rakhate hue una ke anukala artha karake apanI buddhimattA kA paricaya deN| yahI una ke liye zobhAprada hai| kintu prAcIna kAla ke ekArthaka zabdoM ko anekArthaka banA kara artha kA anarSa karane kI kRpA na kreN| (22) vartamAna samaya meM vivAdAspada satrapAThoM ko nikAlane kA vicAra bhI ThIka pratIta nahIM hotaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki usa prAcIna samaya ke sUtrapAThI ko nikAla dene athavA una zabdoM ko badala dene se jainAgamoM kI prAcInatA evaM prAmANikatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI maujUdagI meM gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita kiye gaye ye prAcIna Agama jaba una ke 980 varSa bAda devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netatva meM lipibaddha kara pustakArUDha kiye gaye the usa samaya isa hajAra varSa ke antara meM bhASA, zabdoM, arthoM ke anekavidha parivartana bhI avazya ho cuke the, usa samaya loga prAcIna arthoM ko bhUlane bhI lage the, bAhara se Ane vAlI aneka jAtiyoM ke bhArata meM Akara basane tathA una ke zAsanakAla meM unakI bhASA rAjyabhASA ke rUpa meM pracAra pA jAne se pratyeka bhASA meM zabdoM kA AdAna-pradAna hone se usa samaya kI bhASAoM meM aneka prakAra ke parivartana bhI ho cuke the / Aja kI hindI, gujarAtI, baMgAlI Adi bhAratIya bhASAoM kA jaba hama bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI kI bhASAoM se melAna karate haiM to inake antara kA spaSTa jJAna ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra bAja se paccIsa sau varSa pahale "Ama, AmagaMdha zabda kA artha prANyaMga kA kaccA

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(5) kkA mAMsa kiyA jAtA thA parantu dhAna kI bola-cAla kI bhASAoM meM "nAma" eka phala kA nAma prasiddha hai| yaha to huI bhUtakAla kI bAteM 1 vartamAna kAla meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jisa eka zabda kA vizeSa artha paMjAba meM eka prakAra kA kiyA jAtA hai usI zabda kA artha uttara pradeza maiM dUsarI prakAra kA kiyA jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha "kukkur3I" zabda kA artha paMjAba meM "murgI" samajhA jAtA hai aura uttara pradeza ke meraTha Adi jiloM meM "makaI ke bhuTTe" ke artha meM isakA prayoga hotA hai tathA mAravAr3a maiM isakA prayoga rUI ke kAte hue sUta ko gucchI ke liye hotA hai / ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki valabhI meM prAcIna jaina AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karate samaya bhI bhASAdi ke badalane kI samasyA una gItArtha nirbaMdhoM ke sanmukha avazya thI / yadi ve cAhate to ina sUtrapAThoM ko nikAla athavA badala bhI dete, phira bhI unhoMne aisA kyoM nahIM kiyA ? isa ke pIche unakI bar3I dIrSa dRSTi thI / yadi ve ina sUtrapAThoM ko nikAla athavA badala dete to (1) ina AgamoM kI prAcInatA naSTa ho jAtI (2) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM kI mUla bhASA kA abhAva ho jAtA / (3) prAcIna arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA itihAsa lupta ho jAtA ityAdi aneka doSa AjAne para bhI yaha samasyA hala na ho pAtI, kyoMki yadi usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke eka hajAra varSa ke bAda bhASA tathA zabdoM ke arthoM meM kucha parivartana ho cukA thA to sa AgamoM ke pustakArUr3ha hone ke pandraha sau varSa bAda Aja taka bhASAoM aura unake zabdoM ke arthoM meM koI kama parivartana nahI hue| aisI paristhiti meM phira bhI vaisI hI samasyA khar3I rahatI aura aneka sUtra pAThoM ko Aja bhI badalane kI AvazyakatA par3atI aura bhaviSya me phira aneka zabdoM ke artha badalate rahane ke kAraNa yaha samasyA vaisI kI vaisI hI banI rahatI bAra-bAra sUtra pAThoM ke badalane se prAcIna jainAgamoM kA astitva hI na raha paataa| isaliye yahI ucita hai ki vartamAna meM vidvAnoM ke sAmane jo vivAdAspada sUtrapATha haiM unakA artha nirbaMdha (jaina) AcAra vicAroM tathA prAcIna bhASA ke arthoM ke anukUla

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artha karake sujJa vidvAna apane kartavya kA pAlana kreN| sArAMza yaha hai ki sUtrapAThoM kA viparItArtha karane se bahuna bAteM viparIta ho jAtI haiN| kisI bAta kA samAdhAna honA to dUra raha jAtA hai, parantu kaI prakAra kI ulajhaneM upasthita ho jAtI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke isa vivAdAspada sUtrapATha kA viparItArtha karake adhyApaka kosAmbI jI, paTela gopAladAsa tathA una ke anuyAyI vidvAnoM ne apanI vidvattA ko baTTA lagAyA hai| kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke roga meM lI jAne vAlI auSadha kA mAMsaparaka artha cikitsA zAstra, nigraMtha AcAra-vicAra, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA, samaya, paristhiti Adi saba ke pratikUla hai / adhika kyA likhe ? / isa vivecanA se vidvAna pAThakagaNa samajha sakeMge ki isa sUtrapATha kA vartamAna kAlIna artha karake gopAladAsa paTela tathA adhyApaka dharmAnanda / kosAmbI ne kasI akSantavya bhUla kI hai ? | / ataH bhArata sarakAra kI "sAhitya ekAdamI" ko cAhiye ki vaha kausaembIkRta "bhagavAna buddha" nAmaka pustaka ko sadaiva ke liye azAntijanaka ghoSita kara japta kre| isI me bhAratasarakAra kI pratiSThA nihita hai / saneSu ki bhunaa| -

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vora sevA mandira pustakAlaya lekhaka jaina dUgar3a hIrAlAla zIrSaka mAvA bhagavAna mahArA movAma lyAipara