Kavivar Budhjan Vyaktitva Evam Krutitva

Author(s): Mulchand Shastri
Publisher: Mahavir Granth Academy Jaipur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090253/1

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zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI - navama puSpa kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva [12 vIM zatAbdI ke jayapura nagara ke hindI jaina kavi ke jIvana, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA svIkRta zodha prabandha] lekhaka evaM zodhakarttA DA. mUlacanda jaina zAstrI ema. e. pI-eca. DI. sanAvada (madhya pradeza) prakAzaka : zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI jayapura prathama saMskaraNa : julAI 1656 boranirmANa saM. 2512 mUlya 5000

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nidezaka evaM pradhAna sampAdaka rA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura parama saMrakSaka- svasti zrI bhaTTAraka ghArUkIti svAmIjI, mUvidrI saMrakSaka-zrI sAhU prazoka kumAra jaina, pahalI zrI pUnama cava jaina, jhariyA . zrI rameza canda jaina (pI. esa. jaina), dehalI zrI DI. dhIrena hegaDe, dharmasthala zrI nirmala kumAra seThI, lakSamaU zrI mahAvIra prasAda seTho. sariyA (bihAra) zrI kamalacaka kAsalIvAla, jayapura 1. (zrImatI) sarayU bI. dozI, bambaI zrI pannAlAla seTho, kImarapura zrI rUpacanda kaTAriyA, behalI bhI galabanna jaina, saMsaba sadasya, sAgara adhyakSa zrI zAssilAla jaina, kalakattA kAryAdhyakSa-zrI ratanalAla gaMgavAla, kalakattA saha saMrakSAka-zro kapUracanda bhausA, jayapura, pajmazrI paMritA mumatiyAI jI solApura / zrI nAnagarAma jana moharI, jayapura, zrI rAjakumAra seThI sImApura upAdhyakSa sarva zrI gulAbacanda gaMgavAla renavAla, ajita prasAda jana ThekevAra vellI, kanhaiyA lAla seThI jayapura, paramacanda totUkA jayapura, triloka banda koThArI koTA, citAmaNI jaina imbaI, rAmacandra rArA gayA, ratanalAla vinAyacyA jomApura, mahAvIraprasAda napasyA jayapura, lekhacanna mAkalIvAla kalakattA, padamakumAra jaina, nepAlagaMja, sampata kumAra jaina kaTaka, lalita kumAra jaina ujjaina, mohanalAla agravAla jayapura, madanalAla ghamTevAlA behalI, ratamalAla vinAyakyA, bhAgalapura, DA. tArAcanda balazI jayapura, ratanacanda paMsArI ayapura, zAntiprasAda baina naI dillI, dhUpacanda pAMDyA jayapura, bijendra kumAra sarrApha vehalI, rAjendra kumAra TholiyA, jayapura / prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI pratiyAM : 1100 567, amRta kalaza, barakata nagara kisAna mArga, ToMka phATaka, jayapura / mudraka.-manoja prinTarsa, 766, goMdIko kA rAstA, kizanapola bAjAra, jayapura phona : 67667

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zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI-pragati carcA zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI kI sthApanA kA uddezya sampUrNa hindI evaM rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ke pratinidhi kaviyoM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke mUlyAMkana ke sAtha unakI viziSTa kRtiyoM ko 20 bhAgoM meM prakAzita karanA hai| isake atirikta zoghAniyoM ko dizA nirdezana evaM yuvA vidvAnoM ko jaina sAhitya para kArya karane ke lie protsAhita karanA rahA hai / mujhe yaha likhate hue prasannatA hai ki donoM hI dizAmoM meM vaha nirantara Age bar3ha rahI hai| akAdamIcAra prastuta puSpa sahita 6 puSpa prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM tathA 10 veM puSpa kI taiyArI cala rahI hai / isa taraha prakAdamI apane uddezya meM 50 pratizata saphalatA prApta karane kI dizA meM prayatnazIla haiN| isI taraha amRta kalaza sthita akAdamI kAryAlaya meM podhArthI vidvAnoM kA barAbara prAgamana hotA rahatA hai| akAdamI dvArA prakAzita pAThaveM bhAga meM muni sabhAcava evaM unake hindI padmapurANa ko avikala rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA thaa| isa prakAzana ke pUrva kavi evaM unakI racanA padmapurANa donoM hI hindI jagat ke liye prajJAta evaM pracita the| padmapurANa hindI kA bejoDa kAma grantha hai jo sIdhI sAdI evaM sarala bhASA meM saMvat 1711 meM likhA gayA thA / yaha mahAkavi tulasIdAsa kI rAmAyaNa ke samAna aMna rAmAyaNa hai / jo dohA, caupAI, soraThA evaM praDilla chandoM meM nibaddha hai / isa prakAra muni sabhASada kI isa racanA kI khoja, sampAdana evaM prakAzana kA samasta kArya akAdamI dvArA kiyA gayA / isake pUrva ke bhAgoM meM bhI bAI ajItamati, kavi dhanapAla, bha, mahendrakIrti, sAMgu, mulAkhIcanda, gAravadAsa, caturUmala evaM brahma yazoghara jaise prajJAta evaM pracita kaviyoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya akAdamI ko jAtA hai / mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa kA sAMgopAMga varNana akAdamI ke tRtIya bhAga meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| mujhe to yaha likhate hue prasannatA hai ki akAdamI ke ina sabhI prakAzanoM meM Aye hue kaviyoM para praba vizvavidyAlayoM meM zodha prabandha likhe jA rahe haiM jo akAdamI ke uddezya kI mahatI saphalatA hai| prastuta bhAga meM kavivara budhajana ke jIvana, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para prakAza hAlA gayA hai / DA. mUlacanda zAstrI ne apanI pI.eca.DI upAdhi ke liye budhajana kavi ko liyA aura kavi ke vyaktitva para vizada prakAza DAlate hue usakI kRtiyoM kA jo mUlyAMkana kiyA hai vaha niHsandeha prazaMsanIya hai / ujjana meM paM. satyandhara kumAra jI seThI dvArA prAyojita seminAra meM jaba zogha prabandhoM ke prakAzana kI carcA bhAyI maura DA. mUlacanda jI ne apane zodha prabandha ke prakAzana kI prAvadhayakatA batalAyI jasa

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(iv) samaya hindI kavi para zodha prabandha likhA hone ke kAraNa maiMne tatkAla use akAdamI dvArA prakAzita karane kA prastAva rakhA jisakA sabhI ne samarthana kiyA / zodha prabandha ke prakAzana meM thoDA vilamba bhavazya ho gayA lekina akAdamI ke prakAzanoM kA kAryakrama bana cukA thA isaliye use tatkAla hAtha meM lenA saMbhava nahIM thaa| phira bhI akAdamI dvArA zodha prabandha ko navama puSpa ke rUpa meM prakAzita karate hue hameM prasannatA hai / akAdamI ke 10veM bhAga meM 18vIM zatAbdi ke pAMca kaviyoM ko cunA gayA hai 1 inameM TIkama, nemicanda, khuzAlacanda kAlA, kizanasiMha, evaM jodharAja godIkA jaise kaviyoM kA vistRta paricaya evaM mUlyAMkana rahegA / ye sabhI kavi sAhitya gagana ke jagamagAte sitAre haiM / prastuta navama bhAga ke prakAzana meM di. jaina mahAsabhA ke adhyakSa mAnanIya zrI nirmalakumAra jI sA. seThI evaM zrI hukamIcanda jI sA sarAvagI ne jo Arthika sahayoga dene kA AzvAsana diyA hai, makAdamI usake liye donoM ho mahAnubhAvoM kI AbhArI hai| seThI sA. kI akAdamI para asIma kRpA hai aura ve apane bhASaNoM evaM sAhityika carcA ke prasaMga meM akAdamI ke kAryoM kI prazaMsA karate rahate haiM / naye sadasyoM kA svAgata aSTamabhAga ke pazcAt jina mahAnubhAvoM ne akAdamI kI sadasyatA svIkAra kI hai unameM zrI brijendra kumAra jI sA. jaina sarrApha dehalI evaM zrI rAjendrakumAra jI TholiyA jauharI jayapura ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| zrI vijendra kumAra jI dehalI ke lAla mandira ke pramukha padAdhikArI haiN| ve atyadhika dhArmika pravRtti evaM sarala svabhAvI haiN| samAja sevA kI bAta unheM apane pitAjI raghuvIrasiMha jI se prApta huI hai | sAhityika kAryoM meM ApakI vizeSa ruSi rahatI hai / isI taraha zrI rAjendra kumAra jI TholiyA jayapura ke prasiddha banjI ToliyA parivAra meM janme yuvA samAja sevI haiM / zrApa pratyabhika vinamra, madhura bhASI evaM sarala svabhAvI haiN| prakAdamI ke naye upAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM hama Apa donoM kA hArdika abhinandana karate hai / anya sadasyoM meM sarva zrI nihAlacanda jI kAsalIvAla bambaI, kastUracanda jI sarrApha koTA, jJAnacanda jI maMvaralAla jI sarrApha koTA, prakAzacanda jI zAnti lAla jI jaina sarrApha koTA, vijayakumAra jI pAMDyA koTA, rikhabacanda jI jana kAnapura, mAMgIlAla jI pahAr3e haidarAbAda, evaM zrI sumeracanda jI pATanI lakhanaU ke nAma ullekhanIya hai / zrImatI camelI devI koThiyA dharmapatnI DA0 darabArI lAla jI koThiyA kA nidhana akAdamI parivAra kI gaharI kSati hai / zrImatI koThiyA akAdamI ke upAdhyakSa pada para thIM tathA akAdamI ko sAhityika kAryoM ke prati gaharI ruci rakhatI thIM / Apane akAdamI ko sarva prathama sadasya aura phira upAdhyakSa ke pada kI svIkRti 6

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(v) apanI prantaH preraNA se dI thii| eka mahilA ke mana meM sAhitya ke prati itanI lagana evaM prAdhika sahayoga eka anukaraNIya udAharaNa hai / unake nidhana se hameM gaharI vedanA huI hai| unakI prAtmA ko zAMti lAbha kI kAmanA karate haiN| prAdaraNIya DA. koThiyA sA. se akAdamI para apanA pUrvavata sneha evaM varada hasta rakhane kA manurodha karate haiN| amRta kalaza meM vidvAnoM kA pAgamana pramata kalA sthita akAdamI kAryAlaya meM samAja evaM deza ke viziSTa mahAnubhAvoM evaM vidvAnoM kA mAgamana hotA rahatA hai / jinake padhArane se hameM bhI kArya karane ko preraNA milatI rahatI hai tathA ve apane sujhAvoM se hameM lAbhAnvita karate haiN| aise mahAnubhAvoM meM paM. vimala kumAra jI jaina saurayA sampAdaka dhItarAgavANI, rAjakumAra jI seThI prakAzana maMtrI, di. jaina mahAsabhA, javAhara taruNa evaM DA. anila kumAra jaina aMkalezvara, . apanI prasAda zarmA havAI vizvavidyAlaya honAlUlU / DA. indurAya lakhanaU, DA. bhAgavanda bhAskara nAgapura evaM zrI azvinI kumAra jayapura ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / hama amRta kalaza meM padhArane ke liye sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke pAbhArI haiN| DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla

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prastAvanA kisI bhI deza ke sAhitya kA janma zUnya meM nahIM hotA / lekhaka mapane yuga jIvana, paristhitiyoM se savA prabhAvita hokara mugadharmI sAhitya kI racanA karatA hai, kintu kucha aise bhI sAhityakAra hote haiM jo tArakAlika yuga, samAja tathA rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvApanna hokara bhI zAzvata, ciraMtana sasya kA hI aMkana sAhitya meM karate haiN| lokopakAra se bhI adhika mAtmaparitoSa kI bhAvanA unameM antanihita rahatI hai / kavivara buSajana eka aise hI saMta paramparA ke kavi the, jo jAnakapIema kI prata chavi kA antadarzana karAnA cAhate the| phakivara jisa yuga meM utpanna hue the baha prakArahavIM zatAbdI kA mahattvapUrNa bhAga thA 1 isa samaya taka mahArAjA savAI pRthvIsiMhajI rAjasthAna ke pramukha nagara jamapura meM bhalI-bhAMti rAjya-siMhAsana para prArUr3ha ho cuke the| unake kucha samaya paznAt hI mahArAjA savAI pratApasiha vidyA-rasika nareza hue| unhoMne amRtasAgara, zatakatraya maMjarI aura bRjanidhi graMthAvalI mAdi kaI granthoM kI racanA kii| unake anantara mahArAjA savAI jagatasiMha hue / unake svargavAsa ke anantara mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha (tRtIya) rAjya gaddI para prArula hae / unakA zAsana kAsa vi0 saM0 1875 pauSabadI 6 se 1892 mAha sudI caturthI taka mAnA jAtA hai| inake hI zAsanakAla meM kavivara budhajana ne aneka racanAoM kA praNayana kiyA / svayaM kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM savAI jayasiMha (tRtIya) tathA mahArAjA rAmasiMha (dvitIya) kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki kavi ne ina do narezoM kA zAsanakAla apane jIvana meM dekhA thA / yadyapi rAjanaitika dRSTi se yaha zAnti-pUrNa kAla nahIM rahA, kyoMki mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha ke samaya meM kAbuliyoM ne upadrava kiye the, kintu kula milAkara mAlocyakAla meM zAnti rahI / zAsana meM bhI koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM hue / jayapura nagara ko basAne kA zreya mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha (ditIya) ko hai| kavi kI mAlocyamAna kRtiyoM ke mAdhAra para yaha anumAnita kiyA gayA hai ki unakA janma vi0 sa0 1820 ke lagabhaga evaM mRtyu vi. sa. 1865 ke pazcAt huI hogii| prApta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita hai ki inakI prathama kRti kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1835 hai / ataH yadi kavi ne 15 varSa kI avasthA meM racanA prAraMbha kI ho to bhI unakA janma vi0 saM0 1520 ThaharatA hai| isI prakAra unakI aMtima kRti "yogasAra' bhASA kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1865 hai / ataH usa samaya

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(viii) taka ve jIvita the| usake bAda hI unakI mRtyu huI hogI / grataH mRtyu tithi vi0 saM0 1865 anumAnita hai / yaha kavi kI nimnatama samaya-sImA hai| adhika se adhika vi0 saM0 1815 se lekara 1600 taka kavi kA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki ukta samaya (1835 - 1865) kavi kA racanAkAla hai / kavivara budhajana unako paraMparA meM kaI hindI lekhakoM tathA kaviyoM kI lambI paraMparA prakAzamAna hotI hai / jaina kaviyoM meM paM0 daulatarAma, cainasukha, jaitarAma, pArasadAsa, javAharalAla, jayacaMda, paM0 mahAcaMda aura paM0 ToDaramala Adi ke nAma itihAsa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle bhAlekhoM meM yAMkita hai, kintu kavivara budhajana kA nAma isa prakAra kI sUciyoM meM nahIM milatA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki 19vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM jaba ye bhAlekha prastuta kiye gaye, taba taka hindI naI cAla meM Dhala cukI thI aura isa paraMparA ko vikasita karane vAle kavi apanI sAhityika sAdhanA se jana-mAnasa taka nahIM pahuMca sake the phira bhaThArahavIM zatAbdI meM AdhyAtmika cetanA ko lekara ma~yA bhagavatIdAsa, paM0 bhAgacandha, dhAnata rAya bhUdharadAsa, daulatarAma (dvitIya) tathA cetana kavi bhAdi aneka jaina sAhityakAroM kI eka dIrgha paraMparA hI vilAsamAna hotI rhii| isa yuga ke adhikatara jaina kavi adhyAtma ke raMga meM raMge hue lakSita hote haiM / ataH " kavivara budhajana " bhI usase achUte nahIM rhe| unakA mukhya vivecya viSaya hI tatvArtha yA pradhyArama hai ! 1 yadyapi pravidhi saMkalita jAnakArI tathA prakAzita sUciyoM ke anusAra kaviyara budhajana kI racI huI 14 racanAeM hI upalabdha ho sakI haiM jinakI sUcI isa prakAra hai : (1) naMdIzvara jayamAlA ( vi0 saM0 1835) (2) vimala jinezvara kI stuti ( vi0 saM0 1850 ) (3) vandanA jakhar3I (vi0 saM0 1555 ) (4) chAlA (vi0 saM0 1856 ) (5) budhajana visAsa (vi0 saM0 1860 ) (6) doSabAvanI (vi0 saM0 1866 ) (7) jinopakAra smaraNa strota (vi0 saM0) (8) iSTa chasIsI (e) budhajana satasaI (vi0 saM0 1876) (10) tatvArtha bodha ( vi0 saM0 1876 ) (11) padasaMgraha (vi0 saM0 1500-61 ) ( sphuTapada ) (12) paMcAstikAya bhASA ( vi0 saM0 1862 ) (13) varddhamAna purANa sUcanikA (vi0 saM0 1895) (14) yogasAra bhASA ( vi0 saM0 1895 )

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(ix) mRtyu mahotsava, camitaka, sarasvatI pUjA aura bhaktAmara stotrotpasikathA ina racanAmoM ko nAmoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / ina racanAmoM meM se mRtyu mahotsava aura carcA zataka nAma kI koI pRthak racanA prANa taka lekhaka ke dekhane meM nahIM mAI / kaI jainamandha maMDAroM kA nirIkSaNa karane para bhI yaha nizcita nahIM ho sakA ki isa nAma se koI svataMtra racanA kavivara dvArA racita hai| ga. kAmatAprasAda jaina, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI tathA paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne kavi kI jina racanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM bhI ukta racanAoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| hamAre vivAra meM mRtyu mahotsava tathA carcAzataka pada saMgraha (sphuTa para) ke hI za pratIta hote haiM / isI prakAra sarasvatI pUjA kA samAveza "buSajana vilAsa" meM lakSita hotA hai / aba kevala bhaktAmara stotrotpati kathA hI raha jAtI hai| vAstava meM rAjasthAna ke jaina anya bhaMDAroM kI sUcI meM bhUla se isa racanA kA nAma mudrita ho gayA hai yA phira yaha kisI anya kayi kI hI racanA hai| ukta adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki pAvi kI 12 nolika sa . avisa sthanA hai| paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI ne tattvArthaboSa ko tatvArthasUtra ke viSaya kA pallavita anubAda mAnA hai| parantu nAma sArasya yA viSama sAdRzya ke mAdhAra para na to hama use sasvArSa sUtra kA hI anuvAda kaha sakate haiM mora na gommaTasAra kA, kyoMki isameM jana dharma tathA siddhAntoM ke prAcAra para mukhya rupa se sAta tatvoM kA tathA maMgabhUta viSayoM ke rUpa meM lagabhaga eka sau viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / hAM, yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki racanAkAra kI mukhya zailI prAcArya umAsvAmI ke tatvArtha sUtra kA anuvartana karatI hai| mAlocya kavi mUla meM saMta paraMparA ke kavi the| madhyakAlIna hindI-saMtakaviyoM kI bhAMti kavivara budhajana ne bhI jJAnadhArA meM hubaphara nirguNa, niraMjana, nirAkAra paramAtmA kI vividha manubhUtimayI bhAva chaviyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / eka saMta kavi kI bhAMti guru kA mahatva bhI unhoMne gAyA hai| ve kahate hai ki guru ne hI hameM zAna-pyAlA pilAyA hai| maiM prAja taka jJAnAmata kA rasAsvAdana nahIM kara pAyA thA; para bhAvoM ke rasa meM hI matavAlA thA / prataH paramAtmA kI suSa-yuSa nahIM thii| kintu guru kRpA se zAnAbhUta kA pAna karate hI maiM usa jJAnAnanda ko upalabdha ho gayA hU~ aura itanA thaka gayA hU~ ki kSaNabhara meM hI samasta baMjAla (saMkalpavikalpa) miTa gaye haiN| aba maiM dhyAna meM magna hokara adbhuta prAnanda-rasa meM keli kara rahA huuN| kavivara ne sthAna-sthAna para svAramAnubhUti tathA anasa guNazAna se bharapUra paramAtmA-rAma kA smaraNa kiyA hai| ve yaha bhI kahate hai ki merA sAMI mujha meM hI hai / vaha mujha se mila nahIM hai / jo use jAnane vAlA hai, vahI jAnatA hai / baha dhanaMta darzana, anaMtazAna, ananta sukha aura manantazakti kA dhAraka hai, vaha jJAyaka hai /

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jisa prakAra prakhaMDa dravya apane guNoM se aura paryAyoM se yukta hai / gaMdhakuTI meM jaise sarvanadeva zobhAyamAna hote haiM vaise hI eka prakhaMDa cidAnanda catanya svarUpa, vijJAnadhana-svabhASI merA paramAtmA mujha meM vilasita hai / itanA hI nahIM, kavivara ne bharama kA vinAza karane ke liye aura tatva ko prakAzita karane ke liye jinavara ke caraNoM kI zaraNa grahaNa kI hai aura unake hI prasAda se apane grAnako jAyaka mAnA hai sathA parako va zarIrAdi ko jar3a jAtA hai / sva-saMvedagamya, brahmAnubhUti svarUpa, prAtmAnubhava kA varNana karatA humA kavi kahatA hai prAja nijapura meM (prAtmA me) holI macI hai / pAnanda se umagakara sumati rUpI gaurI (jIvAtmA) cidAnanda paramAtmA ke bhAne kA utsava manA rahI hai / prAja sabhI prakAra kI lokalAja ko chor3akara jJAnarUpI gulAla se apanI jholI bharakara holI khelane ke liye samyakasvarUpI kezara kA raMga dholakara cAritrarUpI picakArI chora rahI hai / tasmaraNa hI majapA-gAna hone lagA aura anahada nAda kI jhar3I laga gii| kavivara budhajana kahate haiM ki svayaM usa grAnanda dhArA meM nimajjita hokara alaukikatA kA bedana karane lagA huuN| hindI sAhitya ke kramika vikAsa meM jaina sAhityakAroM ne paryApta yogadAna diyA hai / unhoMne hindI sAhitya ko sadA AdhyAtmika, sAhityika, sAmAjika evaM naitika pRSThabhUmi meM taSThita ki unake sAhi ne jAmAtrakAra meM bhramita prANiyoM kA dizA nirdezana kara jJAna prAloka pradAna kiyA / hindI ke murvanya jaina kaviyoM meM saralatA se budhajana kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai| saralatA mora sAdagI, satata adhyavasAya aura citana unake jIvana ke abhinna aMga the| unakI racanAmoM meM bhI hama saralatA (prasAda guNa) aura bhavyatA kI jhAMkI dekha sakate haiN| isa pratibhA zAlI sAhityakAra ke viSaya meM DA0 nemicaMdrajI jyotiSAcArya, ArA, DA. kastura candajI kAsalIvAla, jayapura, DA rAjakumArajI jaina, prAgarA, DA0 rAmasvarUpa prAdi ne kavivara budhajana ke sambandha meM prakaraNavaza saMkSepa meM prakAdhA DAlA hai kintu unake vivecana se kavivara budhajana kI mahattA evaM racanA kauzala kA hindI jagata ko yathAvata parijhAna nahIM ho sakA / / mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prAcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, DA. hIrAlAla jaina, DA0 vAsudevapAraNa agravAla prAdi vidvAnoM ke zoSapUrNa lekhoM ke pariNAma svarUpa evaM unakI isa svIkArokti ke kAraNa ki hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana manana ke binA apUraNa evaM paMgu hI rahegA,"Aja bhI manana, citana ke liye preraNAprada hai| hindI sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para eka bAta sadA mana ko kacoTatI rahI ki aneka jaina kaviyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ne solahavIM zatAbdI se unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka hindI sAhitya kI paryApta sevA kI, tathApi unakI racanAmoM ko sAmpradAyika kahakara sAhitya kI kodi meM nahIM liyA gyaa| isakA vivecana tathA vizleSaNa karanA

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(xi) merI pranAH preraNA kA srota rahA hai / merI hArdika icchA vigata kaI varSoM se thI ki maiM kucha kArya karU, parantu aisA karane kA silasilA taba taka jama na sakA / saubhAgya se indaura meM sAkSAtkAra hone para pAdaraNIya DA. devendrakumArajI zAstrI, nImaca ne merA utsAha bar3hAyA evaM prerita bhI kiyA evaM zraddhaya guruvarya paM. nAyUlAla jI zAstrI, saMhisAsUri indaura ne mujhe zubhAzIrvAda diyA / ukta zoSa prabaMdha meM DA. devendrakumArajI zAstrI ne mujhe jitanA saMbhAlA hai, unake prati kRtajJatA karanA dhRSTatAmAtra hogii| unake pavitra nirdezana meM yaha modha kArya pUrNa hunmA hai / ve niHsaMdeha eka prAdarza nirdezaka haiN| yadi bhakTara sAhaba kI preraNA evaM nirdezana prApta na hotA to maiM bhI hU~DhArI (rAjasthAnI) lokabhASA ke mAdhyama se vikrama kI 16 vIM zatAbdI meM hindI sAhitya kI sevA karane vAle bhaneka graMthoM ke racayitA kavivara budhajana ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para zodhakArya karane ko udyata na hapA hotA / prastuta godha-prabaMdha meM kavivara budhajana ko prApta sabhI racanAtroM aura unakI jIvanI kA adhyayana evaM maMdhana karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / kavi kI jIvanI evaM racanAoM meM maulika tatvoM kI gaveSaNA ke sAtha vibhinna sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika prabhAvoM ko spaSTa karanA rahA hai / antakSyi aura bahisAkSya ke prAcAra para kavi kA kAla nirNaya kiyA gayA hai / Aja kA hindI sevI saMsAra ana hindI padakAroM kI bhadhyAtma rasamayI kAvya dhArAmoM meM avagAhana kara brahmAnaMda sahodarI rasAnubhUti kare aura isa upekSita dhArA kA bhI bhAratI mAtA ke maMdira meM yathocita samAdara prApta ho, mukhyata: hamArI yahI dRSTi hai / kavivara budhajana kI racanAoM meM unakA jIvana tyAgamaya, saMyatta, adhyAtmaparakA evaM mAnakma se protaprota parilakSita hotA hai| unakI ujjavala racanAeM unake hRdaya kI upravalatA kA prAbhAsa detI hai| unakI racanAoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki paryApta adhyayana-manana ke bAda hI likhI gaI hai| kavi kI adhyAtma pradhAna racanAeM janahita ke zAzvata pAtheya hone ke kAraNa vartamAna meM tayA mAvI pIr3hI ke liye bhI sadaiva eka Adarza prakAza stambha kA kArya kareMgI / ve bahuzra ta vidvAna the / ve apanI viddhatA evaM racanA cAturya ke kAraNa hindI ke sAhitya-jagat meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| unakA nAma hindI sAhitya jagat meM saMbhavataH isaliye prasiddha nahIM ho sakA kyoMki unakI adhikAMza racanAeM bhaprakAzita thiiN| unhoMne apanI racanAmo ke liye tatkAlIna loka bhASA ThUDhArI (rAjasthAnI) ko cunA thA jo usa samaya jamapura kSetra kI loka bhASA thii| prastuta zodha prabaMdha ke prathama adhyAya meM aitihAsika, rAjanaitika evaM tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAhityika gatividhiyoM para vicAra kiyA

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(xii) gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM anta: bAhya pramANoM se puSTa kavi kI jIvanI prastuta kI gaI hai evaM kavi kI samasta racanAoM kI prAmANikatA kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana evaM vastu pakSIya vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM budhajana kA yogadAna hindI ke katipaya kaviyoM kI racanAmoM se unakI racanAoM kI tulanA evaM unakI bhakti bhAvanA para vicAra prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| ___ zoSa ke samaya na to kavi kA prAmANika citra hI upalabdha humA aura na unakI mutyu kI nizcita timi hI upalabdha huii| unake janma sthAna ke sambandha meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha na ho skii| lekina kavivara banArasIdAsa evaM paM0 ToDaramalajI ke samAna kani kA jIvana antaddhandamaya nahIM rahA / ve eka sAdhAraNa dhArmika prakRti ke sadagRhastha vyakti the / banArasIdAsajI evaM ToDaramalajI kI tulanA meM unakI racanAoM meM adhyAtma kA vistRta vivecana nahIM hai, parantu bhAva kI vyaMjanA avazya saghana hai, jisase kavivara ke vyaktitva kA sahaja meM hI prAkalana kiyA jA sakatA hai / __ kavivara budhajana kI racanAoM ke lagabhaga 280 pRSThoM kA adhyayana kara liyA gayA hai / unakA sAhityika jIvana vikrama saMvat 1820 se 1865 taka kA unhIM kI kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para nizcita hotA hai / 75 varSa ke apane sAhityika jIvana meM unhoMne lagabhaga 14 racanAoM kA sRjana kiyA jo eka mahAn upalabdhi hai / prastuta zoSa prabaMdha meM kavi kA jIvana-paricama, vyaktitva, sAhityika kRtitva evaM jamakI pratinidhi racanAtroM para prakAza DAlate hue hindI sAhitya meM unake sthAna ko mUlyAMkana karane kA prayarana rahA hai| kavi ke samasta sAhitya kA manuzIlana karane ke pazcAt hama dekhate haiM ki unakA samasta sAhitya padyamaya hai evaM dezI bhASA meM hai| vividha racanAmoM ke avalokana se yaha bhI spaSTa jAta ho jAtA hai ki unakA pratipAtra mukhyata: prAdhyAsmika vivecana hai| unake maulika grantha unake anubhavoM tathA tatvacitana ko pratiphasita karate haiM / unake TIkA grantha bhI mAtra anuvAda nahIM haiM, unakA citana vahA~ bhI jAgrata hai| 330 bhavAnI roDa sanAvada mA. mUlacanda zAstrI

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pradhAna sampAdaka kI kalama se hindI bhASA ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM, santoM evaM kaviyoM kA yogadAna pratyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai / jana kaviyoM ne pahile apanaza ke rUpa meM praura phira hindI ke rUpa meM 8 vIM zatAbdi se hI racanAyeM likhatA prArambha kara diyA thaa| rAjasthAna ke jaina graMthAgAroM meM unake dvArA nibaddha hindI graMthoM kI hajAroM pANDulipiyoM ke prAja mI darzana kiye jA sakate haiM / lekina hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM unakI sabase adhika upekSA huI aura prAja bhI unako uttanA sthAna nahIM mila rahA hai jitane sthAna kI ye racanAeM adhikArI hai| zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI kI sthApanA samasta hindI jaina sAhitya ko 20 bhAgoM meM prakAzita karake unheM hindI jagat ke samakSa prastuta karane ke uddezya se kI gayI hai| yadyapi 20 bhAgoM meM samasta hindI kaviyoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM ko sameTanA kaThina hai phira bhI hindI ke pratinidhi jaina kaviyoM kA paricaya, mUlyAMkana evaM unake kAvyoM ke mUlapATha prakAzita kiye jA sakeMge aisA hamArA ir3ha vizvAsa hai| budhajana aise hI kavi haiM jinake nAma se to hama paricita haiN| kabhI-kabhI unake dvArA racita padoM ko bhI gAkara athavA sunakara harSita hote haiM lekina kavi ke jIvana se evaM usakI dUsarI kRtiyoM se hama prAyaH aparicita haiN| DA. mUlamanda zAstrI ne aise kavi para zoSa kAmaM karake prakAdamI ke kArya ko halkA kara diyA hai / jisake liye hama unake pUrNa AbhArI haiN| budhamana jayapura nagara ke kavi the| ve mahApaMDita ToDaramala evaM daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ke bAda meM hone vAle kavi haiN| unake samakAlIna sAthiyoM meM paM. jayacanda chAbar3A, RSabhadAsa nigotyA, paM. kezarIsiMha, joSarAja kAsalIvAla, paM. udayacanda, paM. sadAsuna kAsalIvAla, paM. mannAlAla pATanI, nemicanda, nandalAla chAbar3A Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya hai / ye sabhI kavi jayapura nagara ke the| jayapura ke bAhara rAjasthAna, AgarA, dehalI Adi meM aura bhI kavi hue haiM / lekina unameM se kisI bhI kavi ne budhajana ke bAre meM kucha nahIM likhA / svayaM buSajana bhI paM. jayacanda chAbar3A manAlAla pATanI, nemicanda ke atirikta prapane dUsare sAthiyoM ke bAre meM mauna hI rhe| kavi kA pUrA nAma buddhIvAda, badhIcanda prathavA bhadIcanda thA / budhajana to unhoMne kASyoM meM likhane, pado meM likhane ke liye rakha liyA thaa| ye baja gotrIya khammelabAla jAti ke zrAvaka the| inake pUrvaja pahile prAmera meM phira sAMgAnera meM aura

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( xiv) anta meM jayapura Akara rahane lage the| unake pitA kA nAma nihAlacanda thA / ve sobhAvanda ke pautra evaM pUraNamala ke putra the| unhIM ke vaMza meM hone vAle prophesara navIna kumAra jI baja ne jo apanI vaMzAvalI dI hai vaha pUrI kI pUrI alaga se de dI gayI hai| kami kA janma, lAlana pAlana, zikSA dIkSA, prAdi ke bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA / prAja bhI jaise hama hamAre itihAsa ko koI mahatva nahIM dete vase usa yuga meM hamAre pUrvajoM kI yahI bhAvanA rahI hogii| kavi ne apanI prathama kRti saMvat 1835 meM nibaddha kI thI / DA. zAstrI ne kavi kA samaya saMvat 1820 se 1895 taka kA mAnA hai / isaliye jaba ve 15 varSa ke the tabhI unhoMne likhanA prArambha kara diyA jo unakI prakhara buddhi kA paricAyaka hai / kavi 60 varSa taka prarthAt jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka jinavANI kI sevA meM lage rahe aura eka ke pazcAt dusare graMtha kA nirmANa karate rahe / ve svayaM saMgItajJa the isaliye unhoMne saMkaDoM padoM kI racanA kI thii| dUSajana rAjya sevA meM the prathavA vyApAra mAdi karate rahe isakA bhI kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA lekina usa samaya bhI jayapura ke adhikAMza jaina bandhu rAjya sevA meM rahate the isaliye kavi bhI kisI na kisI pada para kArya karate hoMge / tatkAlIna dIvAna amaracandajI kA unase vizeSa sneha thA isaliye yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kavi dIyAna pramaracanda jI ke yahAM kArya karate hoNge| paMcAstikAya bhASA meM unhoMne dIvAna amara canda kA nimna prakAra ullekha kiyA hai saMgahI amara banda dIvAna, mokU nahIM dayAvara Ana / paMcAstikAya kI bhASA rayo, to agha haro dharma vistaro // 17 // kavi ne apane jIvana kAla meM pAMca rAjApoM kA rAjya dekhA thaa| ve usa samaya paidA huye the jaba jayapura jaina samAja eka mora rAjya ke bhaya se AtaMkita thaa| zaiva evaM jainoM ke jhagar3e, mandiroM kI lUTapATa prAyaH prAma bAta thii| dUsarI pora terahapatha bIsa paMtha ke jhagahoM ne samAja ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA thA / samAja meM eka ora mahApaMDita ToDaramala jase terahapaMthI vidvAna the to dUsarI pora surendra krIti bhaTTAraka evaM unake samarthaka paM. bastarAma zAha jaise bIsapaMtha kA pracAra kara rahe the / lekina jaba ve vayaska huye hoMge taba sabhI prora zAntI thii| prazAnta vAtAvaraNa se unheM jujhanA nahIM par3A / svayaM kavi terahapaMthI the lekina unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM kisI paMtha kA samarthana nahIM kiyA kyoMki ve donoM hI samAjoM meM lokapriya the| budhajana sAhityika pratibhA ke dhanI the / kAvya racanA unake svabhAva meM samA gayA thA |ek pora ve bhakta kavi ke rUpa meM apane Apako prastuta karate haiM to dUsarI mora prAramA kI aghI ur3Ana bharate haiN| unakI pramukha racanAznoM meM chahaDhAlA,

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(xv) budhajana satasaI, yogasAra bhASA, paMcAstikAya bhASA evaM Dhera sAre pada haiM jinameM kaSi ne apanI prAsmA ola kara rakha dI hai| hamane abhI taka budhajana ke mahatva ko svIkArA hI nhiiN| atyadhika sarala hRdaya kAva the| apanA mantarAtmA kI bhAvAna para unhoMne jo kucha likhA hai vaha UMcAiyoM ko chUne vAlA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha meM zodhakartA ne unakI tulanA kabIra, tulasI, mRda evaM sUradAsa se kI hai vaha eka dama tathyapUrNa hai| budhajana 16 vIM zatAbdi ke pratinidhi kavi the| gadya evaM patra donoM para unakA samAna adhikAra thA / DA. zAstrI ne unakI jitanI racanAoM ke nAma ginAye haiM yadi rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAroM kI gahana khoja kI jAve to inameM aura bhI nAma jur3a sakate haiM / kavi ne vilAsa, bAvanI, chattIsI, palpIsI, zataka saMzaka racanAyeM likhI aura apanI prAdhya pratibhA kA paricaya diyaa| ve evaM unakI kRtiyAM itanI adhika lokapriyatA prArata karane meM saphala huI hai ki rapanA samApti ke kucha samaya (zcAt hI unakI pratiyAM anya zAstra bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta kI jAne lagI / chahaDhAlA kI prati apane nirmANa kAla ke kucha hI mahinoM pazcAt to ToDArAyasiMha jaise dura nagara meM pahuMca gayI / isI taraha budhajana vilAsa aMsI bar3I evaM mahattvapUrNa kRti bhI apane nirmANa kAla ke kucha hI mahinoM meM to bharatapura, kAmAM evaM anya nagaroM meM pratilipi kI jAkara par3hI jAne lgii| isa prakAra 150 varSa pUrva samAja meM nayI. namI kRtiyoM ko par3hane kI kitanI icchA rahatI thI yaha ina ghaTanAoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| DA0 mUlacanda jI ne kavi kI kRtiyoM kA bhASA, bhAva evaM zilpa kI raSTi se gambhIra adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / isake liye zAstrI jI badhAI ke pAtra haiM / vAstava meM jaina kaviyoM kI adhikAMza kRtiyAM kAvyagata sabhI guNoM se prAstAvita rahatI haiM / una meM ve sabhI guNa vidyamAna rahate haiM jo kisI bhI acchI kRti meM hone cAhiye / akAdamI dvArA prakAzita pichale pATha puSpoM meM jitanI kRtiyAM prastuta kI gayI haiM ve sabhI sAhityika iSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa haiM | kavivara budhajana bhI isa pakSa meM khare utare hai| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI vibhAga ke rIDara DA0 zAmbhUsiMha jI bhanohara ne prastuta pustaka para apane do zabda likhe haiM isake liye hama unake pUrNa AbhArI haiM / DA. manohara bahuta hI khojI vijJAna haiM tathA jaina sAhitya ke yogadAna kI sababa prazaMsA karate haiN| zrI nAnagarAmajI jaina johI jayapura ne jo akAdamI ke saha saMrakSaka haiM, do zabda likhane kI kRpA kI hai hama unake bhI pUrNa mAbhArI haiN|

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(xvi) manta meM maiM una sabhI vidvAnoM, zAstra bhaNDAroM ke vyavasthApakoM evaM prophesara navIna kumAra jI baja kA prabhArI jinhoMne kavivara budhamana ko prakAza meM lAne meM hameM pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai| navIna kumAra jI hamAre kavi ke vaMza meM haiM tathA rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM kAryarata haiM ve bhI samAjazAstra ke pravaktA hai| DA. mUlacanda jI zAstrI kA bhI maiM pratyAdhika bhAbhArI hUM jinhoMne mapanA zodha prabandha makAdamI ko prakAzanArtha diyA / isa zodha prabandha meM chahaLAlA evaM satasaI ke pATha nahIM the ve hamane isameM aura jor3a diye jisase pAThakoM ke kavi mula aMghoM ko bhI par3hane kA avasara prApta ho| isa bAra prUpha rITiMga kA adhikaSi kArya zrI mahezacandra jI jaina ne kiyA hai isaliye unakA bhI maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| DA. kastUrabamba kAsalIvAla pramRta kalaSA, barakata nagara jayapura 5-7-86

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prAstAvika vidvadvara DaoN. kasturacaMdajI kAsalIvAla ke duSyapUrNa nidezana meM mahAvIra- akAdamI jayapura dvArA rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM kI bhaprakAzita racanAoM ko prakAzana khalA meM eka aura naI aura mahatvapUrNa kar3I jur3I hai- 'kavivara budhajana: vyaktitva aura kRtitva' jisake lekhaka sampAdaka haiM-DaoN. mUlacandajI zAstrI / DaoN. mUlacandajI kA yaha zodha prabaMdha hai, jisa para vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina ne unheM pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA hai| kavivara budhajana 16vIM zatAbdI ke jaina kavi the, jinhoMne jayapura ke do rAjAoM - jayasiMha (tRtIya) aura rAmasiMha kA rAjyakAla dekhA thA / jaisA ki jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA rahI hai, kavisara budhajana ne bhI apane samaya kI pracalita janabhASA meM kAvya racanA kI / vastutaH isa anUThI paramparA ke pravartana kA zreya bhagavAn mahAvIra ko haiM, jinhoMne prapanI janapadIya bhASA meM dharmopadeza kara yaha siddha kara diyA ki dharma kA biravA sAhityika bhASA ke 'kUpajala' se nahIM, apitu lokagirA ke 'bahate nIra' se siMcita hokara hI jana-jana ke lie phaladAyI hotA hai| dharma ko loka mAnasa meM pratiSThita karane tathA use loka jIvana kA aMga banAne ke lie loka bhASA hI sarvottama mAdhyama hai| zAstrIya bhASA meM upadiSTa dharmopadeza yadi kalpataru haidharatI se Upara uThA huA to lokabhASA meM pracalita dharma kalpalatA hai| dharatI para prasarita, taH sarvasulabha ! kavivara budhajana sahita rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM ne loka bhASA meM sAhitya racanA kara dharma kI isI kalpalatA ko sarvasulabha kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se ina na kaviyoM ne na kevala jaina-dharma kI hI mahatI sevA kI, zrapitu zrapane samaya kI janabhASA ko sAhitya-sRjana kA eka sazakta mAdhyama banAkara rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya kI samRddhi meM bhI stutya yogadAna diyA hai / DA. mUlacandajI ne vivecya kRti meM isa zradyAvadhi prajJAta kaSi ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA sAGgopAGga vivecana karate hue eka pratyanta prAmANika, gaMbhIra evaM vidvattApUrNa adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| vivecana kI isa prakriyA meM vidvAn lekhaka ne apane ko ekAntataH kavi kI racanAyoM taka hI sImita na rakha pRSTha bhUmi ke rUpa meM, jaina kaviyoM kI sudIrgha sAhitya sevA evaM yazambI kAvya-paraMparA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa usakA yaha zodha prabaMdha bhAratIya vAGamaya meM jaina - kAvya-dhArA ke mahatva kA bodha karAne kI dRSTi se bhI upAdeya ho gayA hai / yuga para paristhitiyAM zIrSaka prathama khaNDa meM jaina kaviyoM ke isI aitihAsika yogadAna kA samyak mUlyAMkana karate hue lekhaka ne tadayugIna paristhitiyoM kA

Page #17
(xviii) sAragabhita vivecana-vizleSaNa kiyA hai / jIvana-paricaya khaNDa ke pratargana lekhaka ne kavi kA prAmANika jIvana-vRtta prastuta karate hue usake vyaktitva kI bahumukhI vizeSalAnoM ko matyanta cArutA ke sAtha ubhArA hai / kayi kI nispRha vRtti, dhArmika bhAvanA, sAtvika jIvana-caryA tathA pAramArthika sAdhanA jahAM usake vyaktitva ko prAdhyAtmika mahimA se maMDita karatI hai, vahAM ni:svArtha bhAva se prerita usakA lokopakArI evaM samAja sevI rUpa usake vyaktitva ke sAmAjika pakSa ke prati hamArI zraddhA jagAte haiN| sAtha hI, budhajana eka kuzAla gAyaka evaM sarasvatI ke ananya ArAdhaka bhI the| DA. mUlacandajI ne kavi ke vyaktitva ke inhIM saba mAyAmoM ko prapanI azeSa mahattA ke sAtha ujAgara kiyA hai| prastuta kRti kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa mAga kavi-kRtitva ke paricaya tathA usake mUlyAMkana se sambaddha hai / lekhaka ne kavi dvArA prasIta sabhI racanAoM kA, jo choTI-bar3I kula milAkara 17 haiM, unake racanAkramAnusAra paricaya dete hue sAhityika dRSTi se vizad mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| isake antargata ina racanAmoM ke bhASA, zilpa va bhAvapakSIya vizleSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha itakA tulasA sicara bhI pAlata liyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM, vidvAnU lekhaka ne kAvya ke pAraMparika pratimAnoM ke prAdhAra para kavi ke racanA-vaiziSTaya kA mUlyAMkana karate hue yatra-tatra apanI maulika ataraSTi kA mI paricaya diyA hai| udAharaNataH usane sAhitya ko vyApaka artha meM grahaNa kie jAne para bala dete hue maha sarvathA ucita hI kahA hai ki bhAratIya manISA ne kamI bhI sAhirama ko saMskRti se vimichala kara nahIM dekhA hai / prataH saMskRti ke prAraNa. bhUta tatva-dharma aura darzana ko sAhitya' se bahirgata nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki hamAre prAcIna sAhitya, vizeSata: saMta va bhakti-sAhitya meM jIvana ke pAramAthika lakSya kI prApti kA sandeza hai, uccatama naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hai, jIvana ke zAzvata satyoM kA udghoSa hai / yaha mAtra anuraMjanakArI sAhitya nahIM, apitu kAlajayI cetanA kA cirantana mAlekha hai ! hamArA kRtsna bhakti-sAhitpa aisA hI mUlya dharmI sAhitya hai, jisakA samyak mahatvAMkana hamAre isI sAMskRtika saMdarbha evaM prAdhyAtmika pariprekSya meM saMbhava hai| DA. mUlacandajI zAstrI ne sAhitya kI isI vyApaka avadhAraNA ke prAdhAra para kavivara buSajana ke kRtitva kA mUlyAMkana kara use sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha dharma aura darzana kI gauravamayI pIThikA para bhI pratiSThita kiyA hai, jo nizcaya hI abhinaMdya hai| prAzA hai, vidvat samAja, zAradA ke nirmAlma-rUpa mahAbIra-prandha-akAdamI ke isa hai ve puSpa ko apanI majali meM samoda dhAraNa karegA ! zaMbhusiMha manohara di. 16-6-86 esosieTa prophesara-hinrI, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya japapura

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saha saMrakSaka kI kalama se zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI dvArA prakAzita "kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM dete hue hameM pratIva prasannatA hai / yaha akAdamI kA navama puSpa hai / isake pUrva akAdamI dvArA mATha puSpa aura prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM samasta hindI jaina sAhitya ko 20 bhAgoM meM prakAzita karane kI yojanA ke antargata akAdamI nizcita rUpa se prAge bar3ha rahI hai jo atyadhika utsAhavardhaka hai| vAstava meM kisI bhI dizA meM yojanAbaddha kArya karanA kaThina hotA hai lekina DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla kA dRr3ha saMkalpa evaM sAhitya ke prati abhirUci isa yojanA kI prAdhAra zilA hai| DA. kAsalIvAla jI ko isa yojanA meM samAja kA prApta sahyoga bhI nizcita rUpa se unake kArya ko sugama banAne vAlA hai / akAdamI dvaar| jana hindI sAhitya ke 20 bhAga prakAzita ho jAyeMge to hindI jagata meM yaha eka pAzcaryajanaka kArya hogaa| isaliye hama usa dina kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiM jaba hama hindI jagata ko yaha amUlya meMTa kara skeNge| prastuta pustaka meM jisa kavi kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai ve jayapura ke nivAsI the| unhoMne isI nagara meM rahate hue kAsya racanA kI thI aura apanI kAvya kRtiyoM se nagara vAsiyoM ko mAdhyAtmika evaM bhakti rasa meM sarobAra kara diyA thaa| budhajana kavi kA "prabhu patita pAvana meM mapAvana caraNa bhAyo zaraNa jI" jasA bhakti gIta pAja bhI lAkhoM jaina bhAI-bahinoM ko kaMThastha hai maura meM pratidina usakA pATha karate haiN| unake pacAsoM hindI pada, chahaDhAlA evaM anya pATha samAja meM pratyadhika lokapriya hai isaliye budhajana kavi jo jana-jana ke kavi haiM unake kaNTha se nikalA huA pratyeka gIta evaM phAdhya pAThaka ke hRdaya ko chUne vAlA hotA hai / unakI kRtiyoM meM meM itanA pAkarSaNa hai ki jo bhI eka bAra unheM par3ha letA hai vaha unhIM meM DUba jAtA hai ! DA. mUlacanda jI zAstrI ne aise janapriya bhakta kavi evaM mAdhyAtmika kavi para zoSa prabandha likhakara prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai jisake liye ve badhAI ke pAtra hai|

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bhakAdamI apane uddezya meM nirasAra kAma bar3alI rahe epaH niraH 14 kA sahayoga bhI prAvazyaka hai| yadyapi abhI taka kA prakAzana kArya meM unakA sahayoga milA hai lekina usako gati itanI dhImI hai ki eka bhAga ko nikAlane meM kAphI samaya laga jAtA hai| hama cAhate haiM ki akAdamI kI yaha yojanA san 1960 taka pUrI ho jAve / isalie merA samAja se mahI anurodha hai ki vaha prakAdamI ke sadasya bana kara isakI prakAzana yojanA ko pUrNa karane meM sahAyaka baneM / prAzA hai mere isa nivedana para samAja kA dhyAna avazya jAvegA / nAnagarAma jaina mahAvIra bhavana hAspiTala roDa jayapura

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viSayAnukramaNikA prathama khaMDa-prathama adhyAya | musuli akAdamI kI pragati carcA prastAvanA pradhAna sampAdaka kI kalama se prAstAvika saha saMrakSaka kI phalama se viSayAnukramaNikA 1. yuga mora paristhitiyAM 2. aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi 3, tarakAlIna sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika paristhitiyAM 4. soka-paramparA 5. khar3I bolI kI paraMparA tathA vikAsa 6. sAhitya-sarjana DA. kAsalIvAla DA. mUlacanda zAstrI DA. kAsalIvAla DA, zambhUsiMha manohara nAnagarAma jauharI pRSTha saMkhyA dvitIya khaMDa prathama adhyAya : jIvana paricaya 1. jIvana paricaya 2. anuzruti evaM vaMza paricaya 3. kavi kA sAmAjika jIvana 4. kavi kI dhArmika vRtti 5. racanAkAla 6. dehAvasAna evaM viziSTa vyaktitva

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( xxii ) dvitIya khaMDa (dvitIya adhyAya) pRSTha maMgyA 1. kRtiyA~ 2. kRtiyoM kA paricaya / mUla kRtiyA evaM anudita kRtiyA~ ) tRtIya khaMDa ( prathama adhyAya) 1. kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana 2. vastupakSIya vizleSaNa 3. prakRti citraNa tRtIya khaMDa (vittIya adhyAya) 1. bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa tRtIya evaMDa ( tRtIya adhyAya) 118 122 J 1. bhASA zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa 2. dhvani grAmIya prakriyA 3. paryatatva 4. muhAbare evaM lokoktiyAM 5. pralaMkAra yojanA 6. chanda yojanA ai W -20

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(xxiii ) caturtha khaMDa ( prathama adhyAya ) tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM bubajana kA yoga 2. budhajana sAhitya meM pratipAdita zrAdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika tattva 3. gIti kAvya ke vikAsa meM budhajana kara yoga 4. vidyApati aura buSajana 5. sUradAsa aura budhajana 6. saMta kAvya paraMparA meM yuvajana 7. budhajana kA bhaktiyoga ma chahaDhAlA 9. budhajana satasaI 10. anukramaNikA saMdarbha grantha 11. anukramaNikA grantha evaM kavi 12. budhajana kA ullekha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM pRSTha saMkhyA 135 136 ** 153 157 163 168 deg9' reo 214 216 218

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prathama khaNDa 1 - yuga aura paristhitiyAM prathama adhyAya pRSThabhUmi zatAbdiyoM taka samAna rUpa se vyApta rahane vAlI saMskRti kA itihAsa prAyaH lipibaddha kiyA jAtA rahA hai| kI samaya-samaya para zrAvRtti hotI rahI hai / sabhyatA tathA saMskRti ko mukharita karane vAlA sAhitya usakA pramukha mAdhyama rahA hai / sAhitya meM aisI ghaTanAoM kA bhI sajIva varNana upalabdha hotA hai, yuga dhora paristhitiyoM kA citraNa milatA hai, jinakA ullekha itihAsa kA viSaya hone para bhI Aja taka itihAsa ke pariveza ke antargata sthAna prApta nahIM kara sakA hai| isalie hama kevala yahI samajhate rahe haiM ki itihAsa kI pustakoM meM jinakA vivaraNa nahIM milatA, be itihAsa kI dRSTi se unakI carcA karanA bhI kyA prayojanIya hai ? itihAsa se pare haiM / mAnavIya sabhyatA tathA itihAsa kI ghaTanAoM jo prAyaH aitihAsikoM kI yuga-yugoM meM upalabdha hone vAle sabhI prAlekhoM ke AdhAra para vyApaka bhAra tIya saMskRti kA zrAlekhana nahIM ho sakA hai / isIliye vartamAna meM bhI nita navIna anusaMdhAnoM ke dvArA hameM samIcIna tathya upalabdha hote haiM, dRSTi se bola rahe haiM / itihAsa meM jina tathyoM kA aMkana nahIM ho pAyA hai, usake mukhya do kAraNa pratIta hote haiM / prathama to itihAsavidoM ke samakSa sabhI prakAra kI sAmagrI kA upalabdha na honA aura dUsare unakI apanI dRSTi meM mAnyatA vizeSa kA honA / apanI ruci tathA dRSTi vizeSa ke kAraNa sabhI prakAra ke lekhaka yuga tathA paristhitiyoM ke anusAra sAhitya-sarjana karate rahe haiN| rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika saMkramaNa ke yuga meM unameM jo parivartana lakSita hote rahe haiM, unakA spaSTa pratibimba sAhitya meM bhI citrita hotA rahA hai / kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki sabhI racanAtroM meM isa prakAra kI pravRtti lakSita nahIM hotI / phira bhI sAhityika racanAoM meM bahuvidha citraNa meM unakA samAveza yathA sthAna pAyA jAtA hai / "deza aura kAla se sAhitya kA avichina sambandha hai aura pratyeka deza ke vibhinna kAloM ko sAmAjika,

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva rAjanaitika aura dhArmika yAdi sthitiyoM kA prabhAva usa deza ke sAhitya para par3adA hai|''1 "ima artha meM sAhitva aura saMskRti paraspara nikaTa haiM kyoMki donoM kA uddezya satya, civa tathA sauMdarya kA samanvaya kara manuSya ko udAtta bhUmikA para pratiSThita karanA hai, samyak dRSTi pradAna karanA hai / ___ "bhArata ke isa parivartana ke prabhAva se jaina sAhityakAra achute nahIM rahe / ve bhI yahAM ke nivAsI the bhaura apane par3osiyoM se pRthak nahIM raha sakate the| jaina jagata meM isa parivartana kI prakriyA sarvAMgINa huii|" "saMtrahavIM zatAbdI se upnIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke kAla meM hindI-jaina-sAhitya-gana meM aise kavi nakSatroM kA udaya huA, jinhoMne apanI bhAsvara-pratimA, jJAna-garimA evaM anurAga-virAgAtmaka saMsAra ke anubhavoM dvArA isa sAhitya ko akSaya-nidhi se paripUrNa kiyaa| mahAyAvi tulasIdAsa, kezavadAsa, sundaradAsa ke samAna ina kaviyoM ne bhI apanI sAhitya-sarjanA dvArA eka navIna sUSTi utpanna kI jo bhAratIya sAhitya kI akSama-nidhi hai / "4 gadya evaM padya donoM vizAnoM meM ina zatAbdiyoM meM paryApta sAhitya likhA gayA / kavivara banArasIdAsa, rUpacanda, dyAnatarAya, bhUgharavAsa, budhajana, daulatarAma, bhAgacanda jaise kavi ratnoM ne isa kAla meM AtmaprabhAvaka sAhitya dvArA mAnava samAja kA vAstavika dizA nirdezana kiyA / "isa samaya taka khaMDana-maMDana evaM zAstrArthoM kI kaTuprathA se janatA ghaNA karane lagI thI / use dharma kA ADambara yukta rUpa atyanta khokhalA pratIta hone lagA thA / mAnava ava apane uddhAra kA sarala, yukti-saMgata evaM nirvivAda mArga pAne ke lie chaTapaTA rahA thA / nizcaya hI ina zatAbdiyoM meM prAdhyAtmika saMtoM-kaviyoM ne apanA sampUrA jIvana, mAnava-kalyANa kI maulika samasyA ke sulajhAne meM lagA diyA / pariNAmasvarUpa sacce prAtma-svarUpa kI aisI pAvana srotasvinI pravAhita 1. ja0 zyAma sundaradAsa : hindI sAhitya, prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 25 / 2. The purpose of culture is to Inbence and intensity once. plsion of that synthesis of truth and beauty which is the higbese and deepest reality. J C. Pawys, the meaning of culture. Page 164. 3. jaMna kAmatA prasAda : hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 63 / pra0 saMskaraNa 2473, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana / 4. jaina 0 ravIndra kumAra : kavivara banArasIdAsa jIvanI evaM kRtitva, pR0 75 bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana, 1966 /

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM huI ki saMpUrNa bhArata apane purAtana evaM bojhila nirbhIka ko zatakhaMDakara isI meM nimajjita hone lgaa| jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhAratIya sAhitya aura saMskRti kI apanI racanAoM dvArA apUrva sevA kI hai / unhoMne saMskRta, apabhraMza, prAkRta aura Adhunika bhAratIya bhASA meM zreSTha racanAe~ kI / itanA hI nahIM, jaina sAhityakAroM ne darzana, dharma aura kalA ke kSetra meM bhI apanI kalama claaii| saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahanA garyApta hogA ki sabhI kSetroM meM jaina vidvAnoM evaM kaviyoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| unameM dharma aura rAjanIti viSayaka dRSTikoNa kI spaSTa chApa hai| sauMdarya, kalpanA aura bhASA kI dRSTi se hindI jaina sAhitya anupama hai / hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaina sAhitya evaM sAhityakAroM kA nyUnAdhika rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai, para bhASA aura bhAva-dhArA kI dRSTi se unakA sahI mUlyAMkana Aja taka nahIM ho sakA kAraNa saMbhavataH yahI ho sakatA hai ki jaina kaviyoM kI racanAeM dharma aura upadeza ke tatvoM se paripUrNa haiM / parantu isa dRSTikoNa se sAhitya racanA karanA koI burI bAta nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM jaina prAcArya spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM : " hI kavi vAstava meM kavi haiM, ve hI vidvAn haiM, jinakI lekhanI se naitikatA kI bAta likhI jAya / vahI kavitA prazaMsanIya hai jo naitikatA kA bodha karAye / inake atirikta jo racanAeM kI jAtI haiM ve kevala pApa ko hI bar3hAne vAlI hai / "" hindI sAhitya ke madhya yuga meM bhakti kI dhArA sabase adhika paripuSTa hai / usake saguNa-nirguNa do rUpa haiM / jaina vicAradhArA ke kaviyoM ne bhI aneka bhaktiviSayaka racanAeM kI hai, parantu unakA bhAvadhArA kI dRSTi se adhyayana nahIM ho sakA hai / bhaktikAla ke pazcAt bhI bhakti kI dhArA kA pravAha sUkhA nahIM / jaina sAhitya meM to bhakti kI dhArA prajatra rUpa se bhaktikAla ke pazcAt bhI pravAhita 1. jaina, DaoN0 ravIndra kumAra : kavivara banArasovAsa jIvanI evaM kRtitva pR0 75 pra0 saMskaraNa 1666, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana / ta eSa kavayo dhIrAH, ta eva vidyamaraH / yeSAM dharma kAMgatvaM, bhAratI pratipadyate // dharmAnubaMdhinI yA syAt, kavitara saMva zasyate / zeSA: pApAzravAyava, suprayuktApi jAyate // AcArya jinasena : mahApurANa pra0 parva : padya kramAMka 62-63 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana : vi0 saM0 2000, 1644 I0 / 2.

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hotI rhii| isa kAla kI samasta pravRttiyAM nyUnAdhika rUpa meM jaina kaviyoM ke padoM meM upalabdha haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne loka pracalita kathAoM meM bhI svecchAnusAra parivartana kara sundara kAvya racanAeM kI hai / madhyakAla ke prArambha meM samAja aura dharma ke bAhyarUpa saMkIrNa ho rahe the / zruta: jaina lekhakoM ne apane purAtana kathAnakoM aura lokapriya paricita kathAnakoM meM jainadharma kA puTa dekara apane siddhAntoM ke manukula hindI bhASA meM kAvya likhe / bAharI, veza-bhUSA pAkhaMDa Adi se samAja vikRta hotA jA rahA thA, ataeva atyanta ojasvI vANI meM hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne unakA khaNDana kiyaa| yahI vaha samaya thA jaba jaina kavi braja aura rAjasthAnI meM prabaMdhakAvya aura muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA karane meM saMlagna rhe| itanA hI nahIM, jaina kavi mAnava jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karate hue kAvya-racanA meM pravRtta rahe, dharma-vizeSa ke kaviyoM dvArA likhA jAne para bhI jana sAdhAraNa ke liye bhI yaha sAhitya pUrNatayA upayogI hai / isameM sundara zrAtma- pIyUSa - rasa chala-chalAtA hai aura mAnava kI una bhAvanAoM aura anubhUtiyoM ko saharSa zrabhivyakti pradAna kI gaI haiM, jinase samAja evaM vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai / jaina kaviyoM ne mAnava ke antarjagat ke rahasya ke sAtha bAhya rUpa se bhI hone vAle saMgharSo parivartanoM evaM pArasparika kalaha tathA sAmAjika vitaMDavAdoM kA kAvyAtmaka zailI meM varNana kiyA / kavivara ke yuga meM svAdhyAya mAlAnoM ke rUpa meM "sailiyoM" kA pracAra thA 1 "usa samaya samAja meM dhArmika adhyayana ke lie Aja ke samAna suvyavasthita vidyAlaya mahAvidyAlaya nahIM calate the / loga svayaM hI sailiyoM ke mAdhyama se tatvajJAna prApta karate the / tatkAlIna samAja meM jo zrAdhyAtmika carcA karane vAlI dainika goSThiyAM hotI thIM, unheM hI saMlI kahA jAtA thA / ye seliyAM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM yatra-tatra thiiN| kavivara banArasIdAsa jaise kavi AgarA kI adhyAtma sailI ke pramukha sadasya the / "" isI taraha paM. ToDaramala, paM. jayacanda chAbar3A, kavivara budhajana the / Adi pramukha vidvAna jayapura kI "selI" meM zikSita hue isa prakAra kI zrAdhyAtmika saMlI ke sambandha meM DaoN. bAsudeva zaraNa pranavAla likhate haiM : bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha meM bhASyAtmI saMpradAya kA ullekha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai / vaha Agare ke jJAniyoM kI maMDalI thI, jise "sailI" kahate the| jJAta hotA hai ki akabara kI dIne-ilAhI pravRti bhI isI prakAra kI AdhyAtmika khoja 1. jaina saMdeza zodhaka jUna 1657 pRSTha 135 /

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM kA pariNAma thI / banArasa meM bhI prAdhyAtmiyoM kI "sailI" yA maNDalI thii| kisI samaya rAjA ToDaramala ke putra govarddha nadAsa isake mukhiyA the / 18vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdI meM maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, yAnatarAya evaM sudhajana jaise kapiyoM i paramrA kA pratinidhi | sa ra adhyAtma pradhAna kavitta, pada evaM bar3e-bar3e purANoM ke anuvAda dezabhASA meM bahuta hI adhika saMkhyA meM hue / paM. daulatarAma ne gadyAnuvAdoM evaM vistRta-vyAkhyAnoM dvArA sAhitya-jagata meM eka naI dizA kA nirdezana kiyA, isase bhASA kA sauMdarya nikharA tathA prAcIna kaviyoM ke navaratnoM kA ucita mUlyAMkana ho skaa| Age calakara paM. ToDaramalajI ne evaM jayacanda jI chAbar3A, kavivara budhajana prAdi vidvAnoM ne paryApta mAtrA meM graMtha praNayana kiyaa| ye kevala anuvAda kartA hI na the, saphala kavi bhI the| lekina vartamAna 20vIM zatAbdI meM anuvAdoM ko paramparA kSINa par3a gaI aura kalAkAra svataMtra racanAeM karane lge| 2. aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi jainAcAryoM aura dharmopadezakoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI rahI hai ki unhoMne graMya racanA ke lie tatkAlIna pracalita lokabhASA ko hI mAdhyama banAyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAhitya, mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI, saMskRta, pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI, samila, telugu, malayAlama, kannar3a Adi sabhI pracalita bhASAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / 7vIM ba vIM pAtI meM jaina lekhakoM ne prAkRta aura saMskRta kA pallA chor3a diyA thA aura tatkAlIna loka-pracalita apanaza bhASA meM vicAroM ko surakSita rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA thA / 8vIM zatAbdI meM svayaMbhU meM kavi ne padmacarita (paumacarita) tathA harivaMza purANa kI racanA kii| 10 vIM zatI meM puSpadaMta kavi ne mahApurANa kI racanA kii| 12vIM zatAbdI meM tathA 13vIM zatAbdI meM yogasAra, paramAtma prakAza mAdi racanAeM huii| apabhraMza kI ye racanAeM purAnI hindI ke prati nikaTa haiN| isa zatAbdI meM vimalakIrti kI racanAeM bhI atyanta prasiddha haiN| 14 vI aura 15 vIM zatAbdI meM jaina kaviyoM ne vraja praura rAjasthAnI bhASA meM "rAsA" graMthoM kI racanAeM kii| gautamarAsA, saptakSetrarAsA bhAdi isa kAla kI racanAeM haiN| "mayarae parAjaya cariu' (bhAratIya jJAna pITha kAzI se mudrita) isa kAla kI sundara racanA hai| 15 vIM aura 16 vIM zatI meM brahma jinadAsa ne Adi purANa, zreNika paritra mAdi kaI racanAeM likhiiN| 17 vIM zatAbdI meM paM. banArasI dAsa, rUpacanda Adi aneka jaina kabiyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ne aja aura rAjasthAnI bhASA meM gadya-padyAtmaka rapanAeM likhiiN| 18 vI aura 16 vI zatAbdI meM bhUdharadAsa, paM. ToDaramala, jayacanda chAbar3A, budhajana, daulatarAma prAdi aneka kaviyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ne aneka granthoM kA hindI meM nirmANa kiyA /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva jayapura ke rAjagharAnoM ke itihAsa para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlane para saSTa ho jAtA hai ki ina narezoM ne jayapura ke itihAsa ko banAne meM abhUtapUrva sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA / vi. saM. 1678 se 1676 taka hone vAle jayapura ke rAjavaMza kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai : 6 kra0 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 19. 8. 1. 10. 11. 12. zAsana phAla 1678 se 1724 taka 1725 se 1746 taka 1747 se 1756 taka 1757 se 1800 taka 1501 se 1807 taka 1808 se 1824 taka 1825 se 1833 taka 1834 se 1860 taka 1861 se 1875 taka 1876 se 1862 taka 1563 se 1637 taka 1638 se 1676 taka zAsaka mirjA rAjA jayasiMha- prathama mahArAjA rAmasaha-prathama mahArAjA viSNusiMhajI savAI jayasiMha dvitIya sAI IzvarasiMhajI savAI mAdhosiMha jI mahArAjA pRthvIsiMha jI mahArAjA pratApasiMha jI mahArAjA jagatasiMha jI mahArAjA jayasiMhajI (tRtIya) mahArAjA rAmasiMhajI (dvitIya) mahArAjA mAdhosiMhajI (dvitIya) kavivara budhajana 16vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the / unhoMne prapane jIvana kAla meM jayapura meM do zAsakoM kA zAsana kAla dekhA thA, yaha kavi kI racanAoM ke ullekha se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / kavi ne "budhajana salAI" kI racanA vi. saM. 1876 meM kI thii| kavi kI antima racanA va mAnapurANa sUcanikA hai| isakA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1865 hai / isa kAla meM mahArAjA rAmasiMhajI (dvitIya) kucha kAla taka jayapura ke zAsaka rahe / donoM hI zAsakoM kA jayapura ke nirmANa meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna rahA hai / kavivara ne ukta donoM hI zAsakoM kA apanI racanAoM meM sAdara ullekha kiyA hai / jisa prakAra jayapura nagara ko basAne kA suyaza mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha ko hai, usI prakAra jayapura kI sajAvaTa tathA prajAhita ke kAryoM kI vRddhi karane vAle mahArAjA savAI rAmasiMha jI (dvitIya) ko diyA jA sakatA hai / 3. tatkAlIna sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika paristhitiyA~ "budhajana " 16 vIM zatI ke kavi the| usa kAla kI sAmAjika paristhitiyAM bhacchI nahIM thIM / samAjanbAhya grAhaMbaroM aura pAkhaNDo se vikRta ho rahA thA / jaina samAja digaMbara - zvetAmbara aise do saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta thA / zvetAmbara saMpradAya ke sAtroM ko lajjA nivAraNa ke lie bahuta sAdA vastra rakhane kI chUTa dI thii|

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM kAlAntara meM usameM zithilatA prA gaI / digambara-zvetAmbara pratimAoM meM koI bheda na thA / prAya: donoM hI nagA pratimAnoM ko pUjate the, parantu bhaviSya meM kisI prakAra kA jhagar3A na ho isa pRSTi se zvetAmbara saMgha ne pratimAnoM ke pAda-mUla meM vastra kA cinha banA diyA aura kAlAntara meM mUrtiyoM ko prAMsa, aMgI, mukuTa Adi dvArA alaMkRta kiyA jAne lagA jo aAja taka pracalita hai|"] "digambara sampradAya meM bhI zithilAcAra praviSTa hunaa| maThAdhIza bhaTTArakoM kA prabhuva bar3hane lagA / ve uddhiSTa bhojana karate the / eka hI sthAna para bahuta samaya taka rahate the, tela mAliza karate the, maMtra-taMtra prAdi vidyAoM kA upayoga karate the / " samAja meM zidhilAbAra bar3ha rahA thaa| vidvAnoM aura sAdhunoM ke bar3hate zithilAcAra ko dekhakara hI paM. pAzAgharajI ko likhanA par3A ki : "isa kAla ke bhraSTAcaraNI paMDitoM ne evaM maThAdhipati sAdhunoM ne (bhaTTArakoM ma) pavitra jaina zAsana ko malina kara diyA hai / ''3 yaha sAmAjika vikRti na kevala jaina sampradAya meM hI utpanna huI thI, apitu saMpUrNa bhAratIya samAja ko bhI vikRpta kara rahI thii| rAjasthAna ke itihAsa ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa hai ki "usa samaya auraMgajeba kA zAsana kAla thA, jisameM mugala sattA utAra para thii| mugaloM kI pichalI saMtAna bahuta kucha naSTa ho cukI thI / zikSA kI kamI aura asabhya samAja ke kAraNa unakA patana ho gayA thaa| asaMyama tathA madyapAna ne unheM avanati ke garta meM pheMka diyA thA / deza meM sthita pratyeka varga ke loga, ghora aMdhakAra meM par3e hue the / nirdhana aura dhanavAna pratyeka ke jIvana kA pratyeka kArya jyotiSa ke anusAra hI hotA thaa|" usa samaya rAjasthAna ke zAsaka bhI niSkriya the| jayapura ke rAjA savAI jayasiMha ne avazya mugaloM ke isa vighaTana kA lAbha uThAyA, unhoMne hindU-prabhutva sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA / parantu savAI jayasiMha ke putra IzvarasiMha ke zAsanArUr3ha hote hI (1744-1750) vighaTana prArambha ho gayA / usake pazcAt 1. bhArilla ge. hukamacanda zAstro : paM. ToDaramala vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. 6 / 2. premI nAthUrAmajI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 466 bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana / 3. paMsitaMbhraSTa cAritraH baharaizcatapodhanaH / zAsanaM jinacaMdrasya, nirmalamalinI tim pranagAra-dharmAmRtaH adhyAya 2/96 TIkA / paM. mAzApara-prajJA pustaka mAlA kA 16 vAM puSpa prakA. mohanalAla kAdhyatIrtha, sivanI, sI. pI. / 4. DaoN. vizvezvara prasAra DI. lida : bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa, pR. 222

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva unakA anuja mAdhosiMha jayapura kA zAsaka banA, inhIM kI paraMparA meM savAI jayasiMha (tRtIya) hue / kavivara budhajana inhIM ke samaya meM hue the, kyoMki kavivara budhajana kA samaya vi. saM. 1830 se 1865 taka nizcita hotA hai| savAI jayasiMha (tRtIya) kA samaya bhI vi. saMvat 1875 se 1892 taka kA hai / = yadyapi vaha samaya rAjanaitika asthiratA kA thaa| jaina vidvAnoM kI vizeSa ruci dhArmika vicAroM se paripUrNa thI, tathApi rAjanIti meM bhI janoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rhaa| baMgAla meM murzidAbAda ke jagata seTha, dillI ke zAhI khajAMcI hrasukharAya aura suganacanda, bharatapura ke nathamala bilAlA Adi usa kAla ke prasiddha vyaktiyoM meM se the / rAjapUta rAjyoM kI rAjanIti meM bhI usa kAla ke jainoM ne mahatvapUrNa bhAga liyA thaa| bundelakhaNDa meM devagar3ha kA zAsaka jaina thA jisase siMdhiyA kA yuddha huA thA / "jayapura meM mirjA rAjA jayasiMha ke samaya meM ballUzAha jainI eka ucca pada para niyukta thA, usakA putra vimaladAsa rAjA rAmasiMha aura vizana siMha ke samaya meM dIvAna thA, vaha vIra yoddhA bhI thA, isakA putra rAmacandra chAbar3A, mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha ( 1701-43 ) kA dAhinA hAtha evaM pradhAna dIvAna thA, vaha bhI vIra yonA evaM kumAla senAnI thaa| taduparAnta rAva kRpArAma, zivajIlAla, amaracanda prAdi prasiddha dIvAna jayapura rAjya meM hue| dIvAna amaracanda ke sambandha meM DaoN. jyotiprasAda kA mata hai ki dIvAna zramaracanda vidvAnoM kA bhArI AzrayadAtA thA, nirdhana chAtroM ko chAtravRtti detA thA / svayaM bhI bar3A vidvAn aura dharmAramA thA / usane aneka jana mandiroM kA nirmANa evaM granthoM kI racanA bhI karAI thii| rAjA kA sArA doSa apane Upara lekara aura apane prANoM kI bali dekara aMgrejoM ke kopa se usane jayapura rAjya kI rakSA kI thii| isa kAla meM jayapura rAjya ke jaina sAhityakAroM ne vizeSarUpa se hindI khar3I bolI ke gadya kA bhUtapUrvaM evaM mahattvapUrNa vikAsa kiyA / jayapura ke vidvAnoM kA deza ke anya pradezoM ke jaina vidvAnoM ke sAtha bhI barAbara saMparka rahatA thaa| graMthoM kI pratilipiyAM karane kA eka vizAla kAryAlaya bhI isa kAla meM vahAM sthApita hunA, jahAM se grantha bheje jAte the / maneka jaina maMdiroM ke atirikta jaina mUrtikalA ke nirmANa kA bhI kendra jayapura batA / kevala jayapura nagara meM hI usa kAla meM lagabhaga dasa bAraha hajAra jainI the / "2 kavivara budhajana ke samaya meM jayapura meM lagabhaga 150 jaina caityAlaya the / unameM eka zAMti jineza kA mandira bar3e mandira ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| vahAM terApaMtha 1. 2. zarmA paM. hanumAna prasAda, hitaiSI patrikA, pR0 8 jayapura prakAzana / jaina, DaoN. jyoti prasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, dvitIya saMskaraNa pRSTha 563 /

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM kI adhyAtma zailA calatI thI arthAt vahAM pratidina eka goSThI hotI thii| usameM adhyAtma carcA aura paTAna-pAThana hI pramukha thaa| goSThI meM nATaka traya sadaiva par3e jAte the, yaha kAma prAtaH aura saMdhyA donoM samaya calatA thaa| sabhI zrotA tatvajJAna ke jAnakAra hote the / vudhajana bhI unameM se eka the 1 kavi kI lagana vizeSa thI, prataH unheM zAstroM kA acchA jJAna ho gayA thaa| usa samaya TIkAeM aura vadanikAeM DhUvArI hindI meM likhI jAtI thiiN| TIkA meM mUlagraMya ke vicAra aura zabdoM kA anuvAda bhara hotA thaa| dIkAkAra apanI ora se kucha ghaTAne yA bar3hAne ko svatantra nahIM nAcanika meM manuva: hai ho hI cA, sApa mizleSaNa bhI rahatA thA / vahAM vacanikAkAra apanA mata bhI sthApita kara sakatA thaa| 4. loka-paramparA loka meM pracalita paramparA ko loka-paramparA kahate haiN| loka-sAhitya meM ye paramparAeM Aja bhI surakSita hai / loka-priya haiM / loka-sAhitya meM loka-gItoM kI pramukhatA hai / ye lokagIta striyoM ko bahuta priya haiN| holI, vivAha, viyoga saMskAra, banar3A, bAnA baiThanA, bar3A vinAyaka, cAka pUjanA, dhArmika gIta, satI gIta, mAMvare, vidAI prAdi avasaroM para striyA~ loka-paramparAgata lokA-gIta gAtI rahatI haiN| "lopha bhASAnoM meM aneka gotoM, vIra gAthAoM, premagAthAnoM tathA lokoktiyoM dhAdi kI bhI bharamAra hai / yaha sAmagrI adhikAMza meM abhI taka aprakAzita hai / lAka kathA aura loka kathAnakoM kA sAhitya sAdhAraNa janatA ke antastara kI anubhUtiyoM kA pratyakSa nidarzana hai|" loka bhASA meM hamArI loka paramparA dIrghakAla se surakSita hai| siddha logoM ne usa samaya loka bhASA meM kavitA prArambha kii| jisa samama zatAbdiyoM se bhArata ke sabhI dharma vAle kisI na kisI zAstrIya bhASA dvArA apane dharma kA pracAra kara rahe the aura isI kAraNa unake dharma ke jAnane vAle bahuta ghor3e humA karate the| siddhoM ke aisA karane ke kAraNa the, ve prAcAra, dharma-darzana nAdi sabhI viSayoM meM eka krAntikArI vicAra rakhate the / vaha sabhI acchI-burI rUr3hiyoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkanA cAhate the| "jona vidvAnoM ne loka ruci aura loka-sAhitya kI kabhI upekSA nahIM kii| jana-sAdhAraNa ke nikaTa taka pahuMcane aura unameM apane vicAroM kA pracAra karane ke 1. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana : hindI sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, ghoDA bhAga pR. 5, yi. saM. 2017 /

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10 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva lie ve loka bhASAoM kA Azraya lene se bhI kabhI nahIM cUke / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne sabhI prAntoM kI bhASAoMoM ko apanI racanAoM meM samRddha kiyA hai | apabhraMza bhASA dravir3a prAntoM aura karnATaka ko chor3akara prAyaH sAre bhArata meM thor3e bahuta heraphera ke sAtha jAtIko bhASA meM bhI jaina kavi vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa kara gaye haiM / "1 siddhoM, jainiyoM aura nAtha guruoM ne veda zAstra, janmagata uccatA ke virodha meM jo tIvra vyaMga kiye haiN| tIvratA ke sAtha zrAge calakara saMta kaviyoM ne kiye / anya santoM kI bhA~ti kavivara budhajana ne kiyA, sarvasulabha bhakti mArga kA pracAra kiyaa| bAhya zrAntarika tanmayatA mUlaka bhAvanA ko prazraya dete the| unakI sarvatomukhI vyApakatA thI jisameM banI nirdhana, tathA brAhmaNa se lekara cANDAla taka kA sthAna thA ke lie samAna bhAva se khulA huA thaa| kisI tIrtha sevana brAhmAcAra evaM lagabhaga isI zailI aura isI bhI bAhya ADaMbaroM kA khaNDana karmakANDa kI apekSA ve bhI kavi kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA savarNa-asada grahamtha-virakta " dharma kA dvAra, strI-puruSa sabhI prAcIna paramparA ke bandhana meM na kara apanI vaiyaktika anubhUti evaM svatantra paddhati se apane samaya kI sAmAjika vikRtiyoM ko sudhArane kI ceSTA karate rhe| unhoMne bar3e vizvasta bhAva se kahAki hameM zrAtma-svarUpa kA anveSaNa karane ke lie zranyatra jAne kI yAtrazyakatA nahIM / satya ke zreSThatama pratiSThAna hamArI AtmA meM hI vidyamAna haiN| jaise mRganAbhi meM kastUrI hai vaise hI prayatna pUrvaka khoja karane para vaha durlabha vastu ( zrAtmA meM hI ) sphurita ho jAtI hai / unhoMne svasaMvedya jJAna ko pradhAnatA dI / unakI AdhyAtmikacetanA, zAstrIyatA se pare, jIvana ke prati sahaja, vyApaka aura udAra dRSTikoNa se srota-prota hai / yaha na to grahaNa kI pakSapAlinI hai aura na tyAga kI virodhinI / jIvana ke sAdhAraNa kArya vyApAroM ke prati vaha eka susaMgata, saMtulana khojakara tat AcaraNa karane para vizeSa bala detI hai| unhoMne vaha bhUmikA taiyAra kI jo jana-sAmAnya ke zrAtma vikAsa kA nirmANa karatI hai / pratyeka vyakti meM AdhyAtmika taratra kA honA unheM svIkAra hai| vyaktigata citana ke dvArA parama carama sauMdarya kA sAkSAtkAra honA unakI dRSTi se asambhava nahIM hai| 5. khar3I bolI kI paramparA tathA vikAsa (AtmA) ke kavivara budhajana ne jisa krU dArI bhASA ( loka bhASA) kA apanI sAhityika racanAoM meM prayoga kiyA hai vaha hindI bhASA ke atyanta nikaTa hai / kevala usake 1. jaina kAmatA prasAtha hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 10, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana /

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM kriyA padoM meM sAmAnya-sA parivartana karane kI mAvazyakatA hai| isa sAmAnya se pariyatana se vaha khar3I bolI kA hindI kA) zuddha rUpa pratIta hone lagatA hai / jisa hindI bhASA kA mAna prayoga karane meM jamA ganna bhAga hai| apabhraza bhASA ke adhyayana ke binA hama hindI bhASA evaM tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko samajha hI nahIM sakate / smaraNIya hai ki adhikatara apanaza sAhitya jaina sAhitya hai| jaina dharmopadeSTA jana-jana taka dhArmika vicAradhArA ko loka bhASA meM pahuMcAnA cAhate the| usa kAla meM prApabhraza bhASA loka bhASA thI, prataH unhoMne isa bhASA ko dharmopadeza ke lie sarvAdhika upayukta maanaa| apanaza bhASA ke sambandha meM DaoN. vAsudeva dhAraNa agravAsa likhate haiM :--- "hindI kI kAyApArA kA mUla vikAsa solaha pAne apabhraza kAvyadhArA meM antanihita hai, ataH hindI sAhitya ke aitihAsika kSetra meM apanA bhASA ko sammilita kiye binA hindI kA vikAsa samajha meM nAnA asambhava hai| bhASA, bhAva zalI tInoM dRSTiyoM se apanaza bhASA kA sAhitya hindI bhASA kA abhinna aMga samajhA jAnA caahiye|" daMDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha apanA bhASA bhAbhIra zrAdikoM kI bolI hai / 'mAmIrAdika gira: kAnapabhraza itismatAH" isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha apanapA bhASA prAbhIra prAdikoM kI bolI hai aura isameM kAvyaracanA bhI hotI thii| praganA meM kAvya-racanA lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI se prArambha huii| 7vIM se 11vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraza bhASA pracalita rahIM evaM usameM sAhitya-racanA hotI rhii| jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhAratIya prAdezika bhASAnoM meM sAhityika racanAeM kI haiM kyoMki sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika aura aitihAsika parivartana kI prakrimA ko unhoMne sadana svIkAra kiyA thA / baMgalA, marAThI, gujarAtI, tamila, telugu, malayAlama prAdi prAdezika bhApAtroM meM likhA gayA jaina sAhitya dasa bAta kA pramANa hai / kaividhara budhajana kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva hai| unake padoM meM / rAjasthAnI pravAha aura prabhAva donoM hI vidyamAna hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'maiM dekhA AtamarAmA / / Teka // rUpa pharasa rasa gaMdha teM nyArA, darasa jJAna gunadhAmA / nitva niraMjana jAke nAhIM, kroSalobha mada kAmA // 1 zudhajana : buSajana vilAsa, paca kramAMka 61, jinavAraNI pracAraka kAryA, 1611 harIsana roDa, kalakattA /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva eka aura udAharaNa desniye : "bhajana bina yoM hI janama gamAyo / / Teka / / pAnI pelyAM pAla' na bAMdhI, phira pIche pachatAyo / rAmA moha bhaye dina khovata, pAzA pAza baMdhAyo 11 japatapa saMjama dAna na dIno, mAnuSa janama harAyo / / 1 tamila bhASA ke pramukha mahAkAvyoM meM ro "ciMtAmaNi" tathA "solApadikaram" gaina lekhakoM kI kRtiyAM haiN| prasiddha niladiyara" kA mUla bhI jaina hai / kahAkavi rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kI khoja ke anusAra bhArata kI rASTrabhASA hindI meM prApta sarvaprathama prAcIna graMtha "svayaMbhU rAmAyaNa" hai jo svayaMbhU nAmaka jena kavi kI racanA hai / kavivara banArasIdAsa jaina dvArA vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI meM likhita chandobaddha "bhAtmakathA" hindI sAhitya kI prathama AtmakathA hai, jo Aja bhI mahattva6) pUrNa mAnI jAtI hai / hindI meM jaina lekhakoM ne vividha chanda va alaMkArayukta racanAI karake sAhitya kI samRddhi meM bar3A yoga diyA hai| jaina dharma meM tyAga sathA grAtma-kalyANA kA vizeSa mahattva hone se unakI racanAyoM meM ina bAtoM kA paryApta prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| yadyapi kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM ne dharma pracArArtha racanAeM kI haiM, tathApi hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| apanaza se hindI kA vikAsa hone se vikAsa kI prathamAvasthA meM bhI usameM jaina siddhAntoM kA samAveza humA / bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se evaM hindI sAhitya ke prAraMbhika vikAsa kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya kA bahuta mahattva hai| prAcIna hindI kA jo aitihAsika rUpa hameM upalabdha hai, vaha bhI jaina vidvAnoM kI hI dena hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne loka raci kA samAdara karate hue kucha aisI racanAeM mAnava-samAja ko dI haiM, jinakA sAMskRtika raSTi se bar3A mahattva hai| hindI jana sAhitya meM kucha aisI sarvopayogI sAhityika racanAeM haiM, jo ' saMsAra ke sAhitya meM bejor3a haiM aura unake kAraNa loka-sAhitya meM hindI kA mastaka UMcA huA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki "jana sAhitya ke pradhyayana ke binA hindI sAhitya kA adhyayana apUrNa rhegaa| kAvya ke donoM pakSoM meM jaina kaviyoM ne apanI kAvya pratibhA dikhAI hai| jaina sAhitya saMpUrNa rUpa se zAnta-rasa meM likhA gayA hai| hindI gadya * ke nirmANa kA prArambha bhI isI yuga se mAnA jAtA hai| gacha citAmaNi tilakamaMjarI Adi sundara gadya racanAeM isa kAla meM likhI gaI / " 1. budhajana : budhajama vilAsa, padya kramAMka 63, jinavANI pracAraka kAryA., 1611 harIsana roDa, kalakattA / . 2. ahiMsAvAraNI : varSa ha. aMka 6, jUna 1656 /

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM 6. sAhitya-sarjana "saMsAra meM kavi aura lekhaka to bahuta hote haiM para vAstava meM unhIM kA jIvana saphala haiM jinhoMne grAdhyAtmika racanAeM karake apanI kavitva zakti kA upayoga svapara kalyANa ke liye kiyaa| budhajana aise hI kavi the, jinhoMne apanI kAvya pratibhA kA upayoga sva-para kalyANa ke lie kiyA / "" 13 rr bhAratIya sAhitya kA madhyakAla kAvya sRjana kI dRSTi se mahattva kA mAnA gayA hai / isa yuga meM jaina kaviyoM ne jo bhI likhA vaha mAtra 'kalara ke lie kalA" prAyojana nahIM thA, varan samaye tatkAlIna jana-jIvana spaMdita thA / ina kaviyoM ne kavi dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRti, nIti aura dharma ko bhI apane kAvya kI pramukha bhUmi banAyI aura aisA sAhitya likhA, jisane jana-jIvana ko UMcA uThAyA aura zramaNa saMskRti kI nirmalatAoM ko ujAgara kiyA / hindI ke jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM ne hamAre jIvana ko pratikSapa nayA utthAna diyA hai | hamAre loka jIvana ko prAdhyAtmika UMcAI pradAna kI hai| mAnava ko pazulA se manuSyatA kI mora le jAnA hI unakA lakSya rahA hai / hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM meM darika va mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / vaNika chandoM kA prayoga, adhikAMzatayA saMskRta kI anUdita kRtiyoM meM aura mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga maulika kRtiyoM meM kiyA jAtA hai / kavi kI racanAoM meM yathA sthAna muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM ke sundara prayoga hue haiN| C budhajana kI racanAeM prasAda guNa yukta haiM / isa yuga ke sabhI jaina kaviyoM ne khar3I bolI kA prayoga kiyA hai| unakI bhASA para phArasI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / phArasI, braja evaM rAjasthAnI ke zabdoM ke tatsama aura tadbhava donoM rUpoM meM prayoga milate haiM / buSajana sadhya jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya sarjanA karate samaya jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA prAkRta apabhraMza hindI Adi ko apanAyA kyoMki unakA uddezya camatkAra evaM cAturya pradarzana na hokara jana-mAnasa meM jIvana ke prati dharmamaya lagana ko jAgRta karanA thA / 1. sa eva kavayo ghorAH sa eva vicakSaNAH / yeSAM dharma kayAMgatvaM, bhAratI pratipadyate // prAcArya jinasena mahApurANa adhyAya - 1 padma 62-63, pR. 5, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vi. saM. 2000 /

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kavivara vudhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva jana sAhitya meM mukhyata: ahiMsA siddhAnta kI abhivyakti huI hai| usameM loka-jIvana ke svAbhAvika citra aMbita haiN| usameM sundara prAtma-pIyUpa-rasa chamachalAtA hai| dharma trioSa kA sAhitya hote hue bhI udAratA kI kamI nahIM hai| mAnava svAvalaMbI kaise bane, isakA rahasyodaghATana isameM kiyA gayA hai / tasva-ciMtana aura jIvana-zodhana ye do jaina sAhitya ke mUlAdhAra haiN| jIvana gogA -sona) meM sArA , samyaka jJAna tathA sadAcAra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina sadAcAra, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya prAra aparigraha rUpa haiN| pratyeka prAtmA kA svatantra astitva hai / pratyeka AtmA rAga-dveSa evaM karmamala se azuddha hai / vaha puruSArthaM se zuddha ho sakatI hai / pratyeka prAtmA paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / jaina darzana nivRtti pradhAna hai / ratnatraya hI nivRtti mArga hai| sAta tattvoM kI zraddhA hI samyagdarjana hai| prAtmA kI tIna avasthAeM hai-bahirAsmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / vicAroM ko ahiMsaka banAne ke lie anekAnta kA prAzraya Avazyaka hai| hindI bhASA kA jo rUpa gAMdhIjI cAhate the, vaha ina jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / parantu sAdhu saMpradAya meM pale ina kaviyoM kI bhASA saMskRta niSTha thii| jaina kaviyoM ne anekoM mahAkAvya bhI likhe, muktaka kAbya bhI likhe / unakI muztaka kRtiyAM uttama kAvya kI nidarzana hai| vi. saM. 1800-1600 taka jo bhakti paraka racanAeM huI, una para rItikAna kA prabhAva thaa| unakI bhASA meM bhI alaMkAroM kI bharamAra zrI / / ___ jaina kaviyoM kI bhASA sarala aura pravAhapUrNaM thii| unhoMne aneka naye chanda, naI rAga-rAginiyoM meM prayukta kiye / alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM ve maryAdAzIla bane rahe / bhakti-kAvya kA koI aMza-alaMkAroM ke kAraNa apanI svAbhAvikatA na kho rAkA / aneka jaina kavi prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM pale aura vahI unakA sAdhanA kSetra bnaa| prataH ce prakRti citraNa bhI svAbhAvika DhaMga se kara ske| sAhitya-sarjana kI dRSTi se uttara bhArata meM isa kAla meM jainoM ke pramukha kendra gujarAta, dillI aura jayapura the| ina kendroM para saMskRti, hindI, gujarAtI rAjasthAnI Adi bhApAnoM meM sAhitya sujana calatA rahA kintu usameM gadya evaM padya ke hindI sAhitya kI hI bahalatA rhii| usakI racanA meM jamapura kendra sarvAgraNI rahA / ma bhI rAjasthAnI sAhitya preraNA aura zakti kA sAhitya rahA hai / ___ isa kAla meM lagabhaga 50-60 jaina kaSiyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ke nAma milate haiM, jiname nimna likhina sAhityakAra ullekhanIya hai :

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yuga aura paristhitiyAM "daulatarAma, budhajana, sAloTa jayara, zAnasapura, galabanda, devadAsa', vRndAvana, devacanda, candrasAgara, raMgavijaya, amAkalyANa, nayanasukhadAsa aadi|| jaina sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya pAzcAtya vidvAna, DaoN. harmana jaikobI, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, paM. jugala kizora mustAra, nAthUrAma premI, DaoN. kAmalA prasAda jaina, DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI, paM. paramAnanda zAstrI, agaracanda mAhaTA, prabhRti vidvAnoM evaM vartamAna meM DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla, paM. kailAza canda zAstrI, DaoN. devendra kumAra jana prati vidvAnoM ko hai, jinhoMne jaina dharma kA adhyayana kara usake sAhitya ko khoja nikaalaa| adyApa jaina kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM ne dharma pracArArtha hI likhA hai tathApi hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| jaina lekhakoM ne sAhityanirmANa karate samaya loka bhASAnoM ko apanAyA / apabhraMza bhASAnoM ko bhI jaina kaviyoM ne apanAyA kyoMki jaina lekhakoM ne sAhitya sarjanA karate samaya jana-sAdhAraNa kI bhASA kA pUrNa dhyAna rakhA / yahI kAraNa hai ki adhikAMza jana sAhitya apanaza bhASA meM lilA gayA, kyoMki unakA uddezya camatkAra evaM cAturya pradarzana na hokara jana-mAnasa meM jIvana ke prati dharmamaya lagana ko jAgRta karanA thaa| apabhraM pA se hindI kA vikAsa hone se hindI vikAsa kI prathamAvasthA meM bhI.ucca koTi ke prabaMdhakAvyoM kI racanAeM huii| prataeva bhASA vijJAna kI iSTi se hI nahIM, paran hindI sAhitya ke prAraMbhika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI jana sAhitya kA bahuta mahatva hai| prAcIna hindI kA jo aitihAsika rUpa hameM upalabdha hai vaha jaina vidvAnoM kI hI dena hai| unhoMne loka ruci kA samAdara karate hue kucha aisI racanAeM mAnava samAja ko dI haiM, jinakA sAMskRtika dRSTi se bar3A mahatva hai| kavivara budhajana ne sAhitya racanAkara bhAratIya saMskRti ko surakSita rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI likhate haiM, "pratyeka deza aura jAti ke mUla saMskAra usakI apanI bhASA, sAhitya tathA saMskRti meM nihita rahate hai| jAtIya jIvana, loka paramparA evaM sAmAjika rIti-nItiyoM ke adhyayana se hameM unakI pUrI jAnakArI milatI hai| prataeva bhASA aura sAhitya kA pratyeka aMga loka-mAnasa kI abhivyakti kA hI lipibaddha svara hotA hai / "- kAni kA sampUrNa sAhitya naitika mUlyoM kI mahattA kA pratipAdaka hai| kahIM bhI viSaya bhAsakti ko mahattva nahIM diyA hai| 1. jaima, DaoN. jyoti prasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa eka vRSTi, pRSTha 562, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzama / 2. rA. devendra kumAra zAstrI : apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ko zoSa pravRttiyAM, pu. 1, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana /

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dvitIya khaNDa 1 - jIvana - paricaya kavivara budhajana kA pUrA nAma virazrIcanda yA kucha loga premapUrvaka unheM vRddhicanda yA bhadIcanda bhI kahate the / ve jayapura (rAjasthAna) ke nivAsI the / khaNDebAla jAti meM unakA janma huA thaa| unakA gautra baja thA / kAvya-pratibhA unameM bacapana se hI bhI / ve gaMbhIra prakRti ke mAdhyAtmika puruSa the| saMsAra se udAsa, nirabhimAnI, vivekI, adhyayanazIla, pratibhAvAna, zraddhAnI, AtmAnubhavI, zrAvakocita niyamoM ke pAlaka, paropakArI evaM saralasvabhAvI saMta puruSa the| unakA jIvana zrAdhyAtmika thaa| samakAlIna vidvAna paM. daulatarAma ne apanI prasiddha kRti "cahakAlA " meM unakA prAdara pUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai / janma tithi : afevara budhajana kI janmatithi ke bAre meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA tathApi unakI apanI kRtiyoM se tathA samakAlIna vidvAnoM ke ullekha se kavi kA janma saMvat 1820 ke AsapAsa nizcita hotA hai / janma sthAna : kavivara budhajana kI janma tithi ke samAna janma-sthAna ke sambandha meM bhI koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA, kevala itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki kavi ke 1. ThArA se paiMtIsa ko sAla cautha zanivAra / caitajanma jayamAla ko bhadIjanya hitakAra / / budhajana vilAsa (hastalikhita prati) kI jayamAlA zIrSaka racanA se | ikanava vasu eka varSa kI, tIja zukala vaizAkha / karayo tattva upavegA yaha lakhi budhajana kI bhAta || daulatarAma chahaDhAlA pradhyAya 6, padma saMkhyA 16, terahavAM saMskaraNA, jaina grantha bhaNDAra, udayapura / sarala

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jIvana paricaya pUrvaja Amera meM rahate the, jo jayapura ke pUrva 'hAr3a rAjya lI rAjadhAnI thii| vahAM se the sAMgAnera jA base, parantu jIvana-nirvAha meM kaThinAI kA anubhava hone se ve jayapura jAkara rahane lage, vahIM saMvat 1820 ke AsapAsa unakA janma huaa| mRtya tithi : kavivara budhajana kI mRtyu-tithi kA bhI kahIM koI ullekha prApta nahIM huaa| unakI aMtima racanAeM varSamAna purANa sUcanikA evaM yogasAra bhASA hai, jinakI racanA vi. saM. 1865 meM huI / ata: yaha nizcita hai ki kavi kI mRtyu vi. saM. 1895 ke pazcAt hI huI hogii| sAhitya sevA: / unakA jIvana, cintana aura sAhitya-sAdhanA ke lie samarpita jIvana thaa| ve sabhI prakAra ke bhautika dvandroM se pare the / sadaiva prAtma-sAdhanA va sAhitya-sAdhanA meM nirata rahate the| rAjanaitika va sAmAjika vivAdoM se pare rahakara zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karate the| unakA kAryakSetra va adhyayana kSetra jayapura thA 1 "sAhitya-prema unheM bacapana se hI thaa| ve bacapana se hI kavitAeM kiyA krte| unhoMne apane usa sAhigi agojIna ke antima kSaNoM taka nibhAyA / ve sadA sAhitya-ciMtana meM lIna rahA karate the, para aAja hameM unake jIvana kI rUparekhA bhalI-bhAMti jJAta nahIM hai / " kariyara budhajana pradhyAtma-bolI ke sadasya the| zIlI goSThI ko kahate haiM, jo hindI jana sAhitya ke nirmANa kendra the / mAgarA, ajamera, gvAliyara, jayapura, dillI mAdi kendroM para 18vauM aura 16vIM pAtAbdI meM hindI-jaina-sAhitya ke pramukha granthoM kA praNayana ukta kendroM para hotA rahA hai| "budhajana kavi ke jIvana ke 200 varSa pUrva prAgare meM eka goSThI thI, jisameM nirantara AdhyAtmika carcAeM hotI thiiN| kavivara banArasIdAsa jI usake pramukha sadasya the| isa goSThI ke mAdhyama se hI unhoMne zikSA pAI tathA kavi va paMDita bane / " isa maNDalI ke anya pramukha vidvAna the--"paM. rUpacanda pAMDeya, jagajIvana, dharmadAsa, kuvarapAla, kavi sAlivAhana, naMdakavi, hIrAnanda, bulAkIdAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jagatarAma, bhUdharadAsa, nathamala bilAlA Adi 13 1. kavi budhajana : suSajana satasaI, prazasti pRSTha 5, saMpAdaka nAthUrAmagrI premI hi. sA. kA. saM. iti, hindI prandha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI prakAzana | 2. jaina DaoN. premasAgara : hinvI jaina bhaktikAvya mora kavi pR. 17, pra. saMskaraNa 1914 bhAratIya jJAna poTha kAzI prakAzana / 3. dekhiye hIrAnamma kuta samavasaraNa vidhAna /

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kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva isI prakAra dillI meM bhI eka goSThI thI, jo sukhAnanda kI salI kahalAtI thii| kavivara yAnatarAyajI ne isa goSThI ke mAdhyama se apanI kAvya-zakti bar3hAI jayapura meM terApaMthI sailI thI, jisake paM. ToDaramalajI bhAdi aneka suprasiddha vidvAna sadasya rahe the| kavivara budhajana ne isI sailI ke mAdhyama se apanI kAvya-pratibhA ko vikasita kiyA aura uccakoTi ke sukayi bana gaye / 18 sAhitya-sRjana kI dRSTi se uttara bhArata meM usa kAla meM jainoM ke pramukha kendra gujarAta, dillI, AgarA aura jayapura the / saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM sAhitya-sRjana calatA rhaa| kintu usameM gadya evaM padya ke hindI sAhitya isa Der3ha kI hI bahulatA rahI aura usakI racanA meM jayapura kendra sarvAgraNI rahA / sau varSa ke arAjakatA kAla meM 50-60 jaina kaviyoM evaM sAhityakAroM ke nAma milate haiM, jinameM lagabhaga eka darjana paryApta mahatvapUraNaM haiM / kavivara vajana ke samaya meM AcAryakalpa paM. doDaramala kI vizeSa khyAti thii| unakI pUrva sAhityika sevAoM ke kAraNa jayapura bhArata kA prasiddha sAhityika kendra bana cukA thA, ataH kavivara budhajana bhI svataH udhara mur3a gaye / yadyapi kavivara budhajana ne apane viSaya meM vizeSa kucha nahIM likhA hai, kintu "budhajana satasaI" kI aMtima prazasti se saMketa milatA hai ki "jisa prakAra nAyakoM ke madhya meM sarapaMca hotA hai usI prakAra DhUMDhAra pradeza ke madhya meM jayapura nagara thaa| vahAM kA rAjA jayasiMha thA jo indra ke samAna thA aura vaha prajA kA hita karane vAlA thA 11 rAjasthAna rAjya kA itihAsa dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki kavivara budhajana ne apanI prasiddha kRti "budhajana satasaI" meM jisa jayapura ke zAsaka savAI jayasiMha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai vaha savAI jaya siMha tRtIya the| unakA zAsana kAla 1876 se 1862 taka thA kavi kA jIvana kAla bhI vi. saM. 1820 se 1865 taka kA rahA hai / kavi kI racanAeM bhI vi. saM. 1835 se 1865 taka kI upalabdha haiM / zrataH spaSTa hai ki kavi ne savAI jayasiMha kI jo prazaMsA kI hai vaha sahI hai, kyoMki kavi ke samaya meM (savAI jayasiMha) tRtIya jayapura ke zAsaka the / 2. anuzruti evaM ThAMza paricaya kavivara budhajana ke pUrvaja pahale Amera meM rahate the, jo jayapura ke pUrva rAjasthAna kI rAjadhAnI thii| vahAM jaba jIvana nirvAha meM kaThinAI hone lagI, to ve 1. madhinAyaka sarapaMca kyoM, jaipura madhi dvAra / nRpa naryAsaha suriva taha pirajA ko hitakAra // kavi budhajana : budhajana satasaI : antima prazasti pR. 52 saMpAdaka paM. nAthUrAmajI premI hindI pratya razmAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI /

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jIvana paricaya sAMgAnera jA base, vahAM bhI jaba jIvana-nirvAha meM kaThinAI hone lagI, to inake bAbA pUranamalajI jayapura pAkara rahane lge| inake pitA kA nAma nihAlacanda jI thaa| dhArmika pravRttimaya dainika SaTakarma prApakI nityacaryA ke vizeSa bhaga the| ve pavitra-jIvana nirvAha karane meM dattacitta rahate the| inhIM ke ghara kavi ne saMvat 1820 ke pAsa-pAsa janma liyA / / "IzanakAla vyatIta hone para, vidyAdhyayana ke lie Apane gurucaraNoM kA prAzraya liyA / Apake vidyAguru paM. mAMgIlAlajI ne Apako bar3I hI tatparatA se paTAyA / "1 "budhajana" pratyutpanna mati the| ataH alpa samaya meM hI unhoMne paryApta jJAna prApta kara liyA / una dinoM prAja jaise vizvavidyAlaya nahIM the / zikSA kA vizeSa pracAra nahIM thA / saMliyoM ke mAdhyama se hI vidyAdhyayana karane kI paramparA thii| kavivara budhajana kA adhikAMza jIvana DhUDhAra pradeza meM biitaa| pavitra jIvana-nirvAha ke lie dIvAna amaracandajI ke yahAM pradhAna munIma ke pada para kArya karate the / ye apane pitA kI tRtIya saMtAna the / prAjIvikA saMcAlana hetu unhoMne aura kyA kiyA isakA ullekha kahIM se bhI prApta nahIM ho sakA / paM. ToDaramalajI ne jisa terApaMtha paramparA ko suna banAyA, budhajana bhI usI paramparA ke prabala samarthaka the| prayatna karane para bhI kavi kI janma va mutyu tithi kA prAmANika paricaya prApta na ho skaa| unake janma sthAna va vaMza-paramparA kA bhI yatheSTa paricaya prApta hI rahA / saMtAna pakSa evaM pArivArika jIvana ke sambandha meM prayatna karane para bhI [vizeSa jAnakArI prApta na ho sakI / kavi kI racanAeM hI unakA vAstavika paricaya hai| unhoMne apanI racanAmoM meM mAM zAradA ko azlIla, bhautika zRgAra kI bAtoM se kabhI kalaMkita nahIM kiyA / sunA jAtA hai ki kavi ke jIvanakAla meM jayapura meM 100 jaina mandira the / unameM eka zAMti jineza kA mandira bar3e maMdira ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| vahAM terApaMtha kI adhyAtma-zailI calatI thI arthAt yahAM pratidina goSThI hotI thii| usameM adhyAtmacarcA aura paThana-pAThana hI pramukha thA / goSThI meM nATakatraya sadaMva par3he jAte the| unake atirikta aura kisI graMtha kA paThana-pAThana nahIM hotA thaa| nATakatraya prAja bhI adhyAtma ke prArasa haiM / paThana-pAThana mA yaha kama prAtaH aura saMdhyA donoM samaya calatA thaa| pariNAma yaha huyA ki zrotA tattvajJAna ke jAnakAra ho gye| 1. kaviyara budhajana : tasvArthayoSa kI bhUmikA prakAzana kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, sarrAphA bAjAra, lAkara 1 2. anekAMta varSa 16, kiraNa 6, pR0 353, pharavarI 1967, vIra sevA maMdira, dariyAgaMNa, dillii|

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20 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva "paM nAthUrAma jI premI ke anusAra kavi kA vaMza paricaya nimna : prakAra hai" (1) nihAlacanda jI dusa jI (1) gulAbacandajI, (2) amIcandajI, (3) bhadIcandajI, (4) zyojIrAmajI, (5) gumAnorAmajI, (6) bhagatarAmajI / amaracandajI I motIlAlajI zobhAcandra jI 1 pUraNamala jI I sonajI 1 phUlacandrajI 1. dIvAna amaracandajI kI AjJA se zrApane jayapura meM do jina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA jo kavi kI zramara-kIrti kA gAna kara rahe haiM / kavi kI pavitra vigatA unake mandiroM kI dIvAla para aMkita "mohator3a" "viSayachor3a", samayapAya cetabhAI se jAnI jA sakatI hai / usa samaya jayapura meM chaha hajAra jaina tathA 4 hajAra anya jAtiyoM ke ghara the| kavi ne apane jIvanakAla meM jayapura meM mahArAjA savAI jayasihajI (tRtIya) evaM mahArAjA rAmasiMha kA zAsana kAla dekhA thA / kavivara budhajana, jisa samaya jayapura meM raha kara sAhitya sAdhanA kara rahe the, usa samaya jayapura nagara "savAI jayapura" ke nAma se prasiddha thA / usakA dUsarA nAma " tU kAhaDa" bhI thA / vAstava meM DhUMDhAr3a eka deza thA aura jayapura usakA mukhya nagara / usake eka bhAga meM "DUMDhANI" bhASA calatI thii| jayapura meM usake bolane vAloM kI saMkhyA paryApta thii| kucha kaviyoM ne usa nagara ko hI "dU ThAhar3a" 11 premI, nAthUrAma (saM0) yudhajana satasaI prastAvanA hindI graMtha kAryAlaya, bambaI / I 1

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jIvana paricaya 21 deza likhA hai| DhUMDhAr3I bhASA meM acche sAhitya kI racanA huii| paM0 ToDaramala jI kI kRtiyoM meM usake nikhare hue rUpa ke darzana hote haiM / "2 3. kavi kA sAmAjika jIvana mahAkavi budhajana bhArata ke agragaNya gAyakoM meM se the| unake prazAnta hRdayasAgara se zAMnti kA apara sandeza lekara jo dhArA baha nikalI, vizva use dekhakara ho gyaa| ve sAMsArika moha mAyA ke vAtAvaraNa meM rahakara bhI usase achUte rahe 1 jayapura meM aneka sAhityajJa hue haiM aura isake lie vaha apanA eka vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai / usa samaya deza kA zAsana-sUtra "mohammada zAha" ke hAthoM meM thA / budhajana bhI jayapura ke sAhityajJa / sAhitya prema unheM bacapana se hI thA, unhoMne apane isa sAhitya prema ko apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka nibhaayaa| ye sAhitya citana meM sadAlIna rahane vAle labdha pratiSTha kavi the| unhoMne jitanA ho hamase dUra rahane kA prayatna kiyA hai, unake amara-kAvya ne unako utanA hI adhika hamAre saMparka meM lA diyA hai| "budhajana " zAnti ke sacce upAsaka the aura isIlie unhoMne kavitA bhI kii| unakI kavitA meM na to koI pradarzana hai aura na bAhyADambara hii| ve cirazAMti sthApanA ke paripoSaka the, unhoMne zAMti kI rUparekhA bar3I vilakSaNatA se aMkita kI / prANimAtra irAse surakSita raha sakegA / eka dUsare ke adhikAra ko naSTa nahIM kara sakegA 1 cAhate the ki pratyeka vyakti adhyAtma-rasa kA rasika bane / ve svayaM eka ciMtanazIla vyakti the| sadA hI manana aura ciMtana karate rahate the / kavivara budhajana ke samaya meM hindI sAhitya ke pUrNa vaibhava kA vikAsa ho rahA thA / unake jIvana kA bahubhAga jayapura meM vyatIta huA thA / paM. sadAsukhajI, paM. bakhtAvaramalajI, paM. tanasukhalAlajI, paM. vRndAvanajI, kAzI paM. bhAgacandajI haMsAgar3ha, paM. bastAvaramalajI, paM. daulatarAmajI dvitIya zrAdi kavi ke samakAlIna vidvAna the / niHsaMdeha kavi kA sAhityika vyaktigata va sAmAjika anubhUti kA kSetra vipula thaa| saralatA, sAdagI va dhArmika ruci budhajana kI racanAoM meM prasphuTita huI / ve hastha meM gRhasthI meM rahate hue bhI unakI vRtti nirIha evaM sAtvikatA kI pratIka thI / kavi kA saMpUrNa jIvana zrAdhyAtmika thA / pAMDitya pradarzana se ve sarvathA dUra the| unhoMne sAhitya-sAdhanA meM hI apanA sampUrNa jIvana samarpita kara 1. prAnta varSa 11, kirA 6, pR0 243, vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI |

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva diyA thA / urakI racanAoM meM jIyana meM ghaTita daihika, daivika, bhautika vipattiyoM mA anya kisI ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / aneka jara kavi aise hue haiM jo eka aura saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza evaM hindI ke viziSTa vidvAna the, siddhAnta aura tarkazAstra ke pAragAmI the, to dUsarI ora sahRdaya bhI kama na the| unakA kAvya unakI sahRdayatA kA pratIka hai / budhajana kavi kI garaganA bhI aise hI kaviyoM meM kI jAtI hai / budhajana kA sAmAjika evaM vyaktigata jIvana anya sAhityakAroM evaM vidvAnoM kI bhAMti vivAda-grasta nahIM rahA, be hindhI jaina sAhitya ke nibivAda pRSTA the / unhoMne jisa ddArI bhASA ko apanI racanAmoM kA mAdhyama banAyA, vaha hindI ke atyanta nikaTa hai, kevala kriyApadoM meM thor3A sA parivartana karane para vaha hindI ke pratyanta nikaTa hI hai| kaSi kI racanAoM meM evaM unake vyaktitva se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve paM. banArasIdAsa evaM ToDaramalajI ke bAda anya jaina sAhityakAroM meM apanA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / kavi kI kucha racanAeM to itanI vistRta haiM ki unapara svatantra rUpa se bahuta kucha likhA jA sakatA hai| unake samaya meM hindI sAhitya ke pUrNa vaibhava kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| kavi ke jIvana kA bahubhAga jayapura meM vyatIta huA, jayapura usa samaya adhyAtma-vidyA kA pramukha kendra thA, ata: svabhAvata: kavi ke jIvana para adhyAtma vidyA kI chApa thI 1 4. kavi kI dhArmika vRtti vAstava meM jayapura meM aneka sAhityakAra hue haiM aura isake lie jayapura apanA eka vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| kavivara budhajana bacapana se hI adhyAtma-rasa kI kavitAeM liyA karate the / ve sadA svAhilya-ciMtana meM lIna rahA karate the, para mAja hameM unake jIvana kI rUparekhA bhalIbhAMti jJAta nahIM haiN| saMbhava hai "kavivara bughajana" prAtma-paricaya likhanA nahIM cAhate hoN| isameM unheM abhimAna kI gaMdha mAluma huI ho, lekina isase unakI mahAnatA meM koI kamI nahIM paatii| ve eka landha-pratiSTha kavi the, unhoMne jitanA hI hamase dUra rahane kA prayatna kiyA hai, unake amara-kAvya ne unheM utanA hI adhika hamAre samparka meM lA diyA hai| ve zAMti ke eka sacce upAsaka the aura isIlie unhoMne kaSitAeM kii| isameM na to ApakA koI pradarzana hai aura na bAhya ADambara ho / ve cirazAMti sthApanA ke poSaka the / unhoMne zAMti kI rUparekhA bar3I hI vilakSaNatA se aMkita kI hai| katrivara budhajana cAhate the ki pratyeka vyakti prAdhyAtma-rasa phA rasika bane / kavivara citanazIla vyakti the aura sadA manana-citana karate rahate the| satyam zivam sundaram kA sAkSAtkAra karane kA unakA prayatna' thaa| unameM anubhUti kI tIna dhyaMjanA thii| anubhUti kI tIvra abhivyaMjanA hI kavitA hai /

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jIvana paricaya 23 "budhajana" ne Atma- preraNA se prerita hokara hI kAvya kI racanA kI thii| pradarzana ke lobha se eka bhI pada nahIM racA hai| ApakI sarvazreSTha racanA hai " budhajana satasaI" / isameM zrApane saMsAra ke pratyeka pahalU kI vyaMjanA bar3I khUbI se kI haiM / jaina pada saMgraha bhakti rasa ke gItoM se srota-prota eka saMkalana mAtra hai jise gAkara kavi ne zAMti kA anubhava kiyA hogaa| Apake zabda nape-tule hote the / unakA eka-eka zabda zAMti aura krAMti kA dolA thA, lekina isa krAMti se kavivara cirazAMti kI sthApanA karanA cAhate the / ve eka kuSAla gAyaka the, unake gItoM meM zAnta rasa, pravAha bIra groja kI vidhArA milatI hai 1 mahAkavi budhajana eka saphala kalAkAra the| hindI Apa jaise kalAkAroM ko pAkara dhanya huI aura grAma jaise prazAnta gAyaka ke zramaragIta isa saMgharSamaya saMsAra meM apanI cirazAMti kA AlApa sunA rahe haiM / unakI racanAoM meM bhakti kI UMcI bhAvanA, dhArmika sajagatA aura zrAtmanivedana vidyamAna hai| Atma paritoSa ke sAtha loka-hita sampanna karanA hI unake kAvya kA uddezya hai | bhakti vimlatA aura vinamra zrAtma-samarpaNa ke kAraNa zrabhi vyaMjanA zakti prabala hai | kavi dvArA racita padoM meM unake jIvana aura vyaktitva ke sambandha meM aneka jAnakArI kI bAteM prApta hotI haiN| jinabhakta hone ke sAtha kavi Atma-sAdhaka bhI haiN| sAMsArika bhogoM ko niHsAra samajhanA, sAhitya sevA aura sarasvatI zrArAvanA ko jIvana kA pramukha tatva mAnanA kavi kI vizeSatAoM ke antargata hai / kavi kI racanAoM kA adhyayana karane se eka bAta yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtI haiM ki unhoMne apane antajaMgala kI abhivyakti anUThe DhaMga se kI hai / kavi kI racanAeM adhyAtma pradhAna hai | unake padoM meM virATa kalpanA, agAdha dArzanikatA aura sUkSma manovaijJAnika vizeSatAeM haiM / 5. racanAkAla I kavivara budhajana adhyAtma ke jJAtA the| unakI racanAoM meM unake bahumukhI vyaktitva, kRtitva evaM viSaya cayana Adi dRSTiyoM ke darzana hote haiM / racanAoM ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve dArzanika vicAroM ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAnA cAhate ye | isIlie unhoMne apanI sampUrNa racanAeM janabhASA meM likhiiN| unakI sampUrNa racanAoM meM se kucha racanAeM anUdita haiM / anudita racanAoM meM bhI kaI viSayoM para kavi ke maulika vicAroM kA paricaya milatA hai / kavivara budhajana kI prathama maulika racanA hai "hAlA" / yaha racanA vi0 saM0 1856 ko zrakSaya tRtIyA ko pUrNa huii| jaMsA ki kavivara apanI isa racanA meM svayaM likhate haiM - yn

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24 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva " dvArA se paMcAsa adhika nava saMvat jAnA tIja zukala vaizAkha, r3Ala paT zubha upajAnoM // 1 kavi kI dvitIya bar3I racanA hai "budhajana vilAsa" | isameM vibhinna rAgarAginiyoM se yukta padoM evaM bhajanoM kA samAveza hai / isameM saiddhAntika viSayoM kI pradhAnatA hai aura usI kAraNa isa racanA kA nAma budhajana vilAsa rakhA gayA hai / vi. saM. 1860 se 1878 ke madhya likhI huI racanA isameM hai / kavi kI tRtIya bar3I racanA hai "budhajana satasaI" jisakA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1876 hai / graMtha kI prazasti meM kavivara svayaM likhate haiM -- C saMvat dvArA se zramI eka barateM ghATa | jyeSTha kRSNa ravi aSTamI, hUvo satasaI pATha 112 afa kI $ : pUrNa kriyA thA / kavivara isa graMtha kI prazasti meM likhate haiM saMvat dvArA se viSaM adhika guNyAsI deza / kArtika sudi paMcamI, pUrana graMtha asesa // bar3I racanA hai "tatvArthabodha" kavi ne ise vi. saM. 1876 meM kavi ko paMcama bar3I racanA hai "paMcAstikAya" isa racanA kI prazasti meM fikavi ne racanA kAla kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai / 4. 5. rAmasiMha nRpa jayapura se, sudi prAsIja gurudina daseM / ugI se meM ghaTa haiM prATha, tA divasa meM racyo pATha || kavi ko chaTI racanA "ba mAna purAkSA sUcanikA hai / " yaha kIti dvArA racita saMskRta graMtha ke anukaraNa para likhI gaI hai| mahAvIra ke aneka bhatroM kA bhAvapUrNa varNana hai| racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1865 zragahana kRSNA tRtIyA guruvAra hai| graMtha kI prazasti meM kavivara likhate hai : sakalakIti muniracyo, bacanikA tAkI bAMcI 1 tachanda ko racana vRddhi, butrajana kI rAMcI // uganIsI meM ghATi pAMca saMvada vara agahana kRSNa tRtIyA hutro graMtha pUrana suraguru dina 115 -- 1. budhajana chahaDhAlA, pR0 39, suvamA presa, satanA prakAzana | 2. budhajana : budhajana satasaI padya kramAMka 666, 10 145 pra0saM0, sanAvada / 3. sudhajana tatvArthabodha, pR0 saM0 277 e0 saM0 114, prakAzana kanhaiyAlAla gaM cAla, lazkara | sujana : paMcAstikAya bhASA, hastalikhita prati vi0 jaina mandira, jayapura / budhajana va mAnapurAraNa sucanikAH paca saM. 77-78 hastalikhita prati di0 aMna mandira, jayapura / bhaTTAraka sakala isameM bhagavAna

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jIvana paricaya 25 kavi kI antima racanA "yogasAra bhASA" hai / isakA racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1865 zrAvaNa zuklA tRtIyA maMgalabAra hai / yaha kavi kI antima racanA pratIta hotI hai kyoMki isake bAda kI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai / grantha kI prazasti meM kavi ne racanA kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : ThArAso picAnave saMbata sAvana mAsa / sauja zukla maMgala viSasa, bhASA I prakAza / / DA nemIcandra zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya pArA ne apanI prasiddha pustaka "tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paramparA" bhAga-4 meM budhavana kA sAhityika-jIvana vi0 saM0 1871 se vi0 saM0 1862 taka svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha saMbhavata: isalie ki DaoN. zAstrI ne kavi kI sampUrNa racanAmoM ke prabalokana kI kRpA nahIM kii| unhoMne kavi kI kevala 6 racanAoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki kavi' kI aba taka 17 racanAeM upalabdha haiN| kavivara kI chahavAlA kI racanA vi0 saM0 1856 meM ho cukI thii| isake pUrva hI vi0 saM0 1850 meM vimala jinezvara kI vinatI racI gaI thii| svarya kavivara ke zabdoM meM :-- dvArA saM paMcAsa mAha sudi purana maasii| budhajana ko maravAsa, kI surapuravAsI // yaha vinatI "budhajana vilAsa" meM saMgrahIta hai| vi. saM. 1871 meM jinopakAra smaraNa stotra (pAnA 20) vi0 saM0 1866 meM doSabAvanI (pAnA 21) isake bhI pUrva ve visaM. 1835 meM nagbIzvara jayamAlA kI kaSivara racanA kara cuke the| unakI eka racanA aura upalabdha hai, jisakA nAma "vaMdanA jakhar3I" hai / isameM racanA kAla kA ballekha nahIM milatA, tathApi isakA rapanA kAla vi0 saM0 1955 manumAnita hai| "iSTa chattIsI" yaha bhI kavi kI sundara racanA hai| isameM paMca parameSThI ke guNoM kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / isameM racanA kAla kA ullekha nahIM hai| _ isa prakAra kavivara budhajana kI 17 racanAeM upalabdha haiN| ataH kavivara budhajana kA sAhityika racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1835 se 1865 taka racanAoM ke prAdhAra para nizcita hotA hai / 1. mudhajana : yogasAra bhASA : guTakA saMkhyA 2961 pR.saM. 17, mAmera zAstra bhaNDAra, jypur|

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 6. dehAvasAna evaM viziSTa vyaktitva "yadi hama kisI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa vizleSaNa karanA cAhate haiM to yaha Avazyaka hogA ki usakI kArya-pravRsiyoM kA hameM pUrNa jJAna ho| kyoMki vyakti ke vicAra usakI vibhinna viSayoM meM lagane vAlI pravRttiyAM evaM karane yogya kAryoM kA samUha hI vyaktitva hai| vicAroM se hameM vyakti ke hRdaya kA jJAna hotA hai aura pravRttiyoM se usake caritra kA bodha hotA hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne jana sAMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM prabhUtapUrva yogadAna diyA hai aura yaha prAvazyaka bhI hai kyoMki saMskRti ke binA koI jAti jIvita nahIM raha sktii|" "kavivara pajana" ke vyaktirasa kA mAnadaNDa hai unakA prAdhyAtmika prema, sahiSNutA, udAratA evaM nirmANAtmaka kAryoM ke sampAdana kI samatA / maiMne kavi ke inhIM guNoM se prabhAvita hokara evaM svayaM yaha jAnakara ki bhApakI "veSa darzana stuti" jisakA prArambha prabhu patita parabrama" se hotA hai, eka atyanta bhAvapUrNa stuti hai| kavi kI yaha choTI-sI stuti samagra jaina samAja meM atyadhika prasiddha hai| isakI lokapriyatA kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki yaha samAja ke AvAla bada ke kaMTha para hai| zAyada hI aisA koI jaina bAlaka yA bAlikA hogI jise "budhajana" kI maha stuti kaMThastha na ho| "kavivara budhajana kI saphalatA kA kAraNa, unakI niHsvArtha sevA aura paropakArazIlatA kA bhAva hai-dhama nhiiN| ve parama naivika aura dharmasmA vyakti the| bar3I hI par3hatA ke sAtha zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karate the| ve atyanta hI sAde kintu sabala vyaktitva ke dhanI, bahu zAstravida, pratibhAzAlI, vidvAna, gaMbhIra prakRti ke gahana adhyAtmika vicAraka, mAtmAnubhavI aura prAtma-niSTha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ___ kavivara kA dehAvasAna jayapura nagara meM ki0 saM 1865 ke bAda humA, kyoMki 1865. ke bAda kI unakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| kRtiyoM ke mAdhAra para kavi kA sAhityika jIvana 60 varSa nizcita hotA hai / 1. paM. kailAzacA siddhAnta zAstrI : gurukhopAsAsa paraiyA smRti napa, 0 ma0 di. jaina vidvata pariSada sAgara, maMtra kRSNA 12 vi.saM. 2033 /

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2-budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya kavivara budhajana kI kRtiyAM kAlakramAnusAra nimna prakAra upalabdha hotI hai1. naMdIzvara jayamAlA vi. saM. 1835 isakA budhajana vilAsa meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| 2. vimala jinezvara stuti , 1550 3. vaMdanA jakhar3I 1955 4. ahavAlA (SaTapATha) 1856 5. budhajana satasaMha 1876 6 tatvArthabodha 176 7. paMcAstikAya bhASA 1812 6 varSamAna purAe sUcanikA 1865 budhajana vilAsa meM saMgrahIta 8. yogasAra bhASA 1665 10. budhajana vilAsa (jIvana ke prArambha se lekara antima samaya taka chandobadda racanAeM) 11. pada saMha (saMvat 1800 se lekara 1891 taka) 12. iSTa chattIsI 13, sebodha paMcAsikA 14. mRtyumahotsava 15, paMcakalyANaka pUjA 16, paMca parameSThI pajA 17. sammedazikhara pUjA

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1. naMdIzvara jayamAlA vi.saM. 1935 jama darzana ke anusAra isa pRthvI para asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra haiM / DhAI dvIpa taka manuSyoM kA nivAsa hai / usake pAge manuSyoM kA mana nahIM haiM / pAThaveM tIe kA nAma naMdIzvara dvIpa hai / yahAM para prakRtrima jina caityAlaya va unameM prakRtrima jina pratimAe haiN| vahAM para aSTAnhikA parva meM dhArmika prakRti ke deva-deviyoM jinendra pratimAnoM kI bhaktibhAva se pUjA karate haiM / causaTha lAkha, ityAdi aneka jAti ke deva vahAM jAkara pUjA karate haiN| yaha naMdIzvara dvIpa naMdIevara samudra se veSTita hai| isa dvIpa kA vistAra 1638400000 eka sau saTha karor3a caurAsI lAkha yojana hai / isa dvIpa kI bAhya paridhiH do hajAra bahasara karor3a tatIsa lAla cauvana hajAra eka sau nabbe yojana hai| isakI pUrva dizA meM aMjanagiri parvata hai / eka aMjana giri, cAra dadhimukha, pATha ratikara ina teraha parbatoM ke zikhara para uttama ratnamaya eka eka jinendra bhavana sthita hai / ye mandira 100 yojana lambe, 40 yojana caur3e, 75 yojana ace haiM / ina jina maMdiroM meM devatAgaNa jala gaMdha, akSata, puSpa prAdi dravyoM se bar3I bhakti se pUjA, arthA, stuti prAdi karate haiN| pUrva dizA kI bhAMti zeSa tIna dizAtroM meM sthita parvatoM para bhI isI prakAra prakRtrima jina maMdira hai va unameM prakRtrima jina pratimAe virAjamAna haiN| kavivara budhajana bhaktipUrvaka ina prakRtima jina caityAlayoM kI vaMdanA karate hue apanI laghutA pragaTa karate haiM "maiM maMdamati una prakRtrima jina caityAlayoM kI baMdanA karatA hU mujha meM vaha zakti nahIM hai ki maiM una kA vistRta varNana kara skuu| mujha meM sundara chanda nirmANa

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bughajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya kI yogyatA nahIM hai / prataH vidvAna pAThaka mujhapara dayA kreN| racanA ke anta meM kavivara budhajana racanAkAsa kA ullekha karate hue kahate haiM : __ maiMne yaha racanA vi0 saM0 1835 caitra zuklA caturthI, zanivAra ko pUrNa kI prastuta racanA buddhajana vilAsa meM saMgrahIta hai| 2. vimala jinezvara kI stuti vi. saM. 1950 kavivara budhajana kI yaha eka atyanta laghukAya racanA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra dharma ke prabala pracAraka catuvizati tIrthakara mAne gaye hai| unameM eka nAma vimalanAtha kA hai / atyanta bhAva-vibhora ho kavi vimala jinezvara kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM: he vimala jina ! maiM Apake caraNoM kA dhyAna karatA hU~ / maiM pAgama ke pranusAra varNana karatA huuN| para Apake guNoM kA varNana to bar3e-bar3e indra, narendra, phaNIndra prAdi bhI karate hue nahIM aghAte phira merI to sAmarthya hI kyA hai ? he prabhu ! prApa rAjaputra haiM / para yuvAvasthA ko prApta hote hI prApane dIkSA pAraNa kI / kucha samaya bAda bhampako pUrNa jJAna (kevalajJAna) kI prApti huii| pazcAt utkRSTa dhyAna ke bala para prApane sammeda zikhara (pArzvanAtha-hila) parvata se mukti prApta kii| ApakI bahiraMga vibhUti to apAra thI para ApakA mana usameM nahIM ramA va mApane dhyAna ke bala para apanI antaraMga vibhUti (ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, anaMta' sukha, ananta basa) pragaTa kara lI / dhanya hai ! vaha sammeda zikhara parvata jo Apake gharaNa sparza se tIrtha bana gayA / 1. dagdoM bhaSi maMdira jina, ana kona prati bhAraNe dii| varaNa praratha bala va hona, kyA dharo muni apa kari chIna // budhajanaH, khumalana vilAsa-naMbIzvara jayamAlA, paca sa. 16, pR. sa. 26 hastalikhita prati se| dvArAse paitIsa ko sAla bauSi yAnivAra | saMta janma japamAla ko, vIcanda hiyabAra / / apacana , aSajana vilAsa, (naMdIzvara jayamAlA) pama saM. 20 pR. saMkpA 26 hastalikhita prati se /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva "apanI laghutA prakaTa karate hue kavi likhate haiM. he prabhu ! maiM Apake pavitra caraNoM meM apanA mastaka jhukAtA hU' / prApa kRpayA merI prArthanA suna lIjie / merI prArthanA yahI hai ki Apa mujhe aisI zakti pradAna kareM jo majhe svarga-mokSa ke sukhoM ko prApta karA de / kavi ne racanA ke anta meM racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1850 mAha sudI pUnama diyA hai| 3. vandanA jakhar3I vi. saM. 1855 kavivara bughajana kI yaha hastalikhita kRti zrI di0 jana lUNakaraNa pAMDyA maMdira, jamapura se prApta huI thii| yaha laghukAya kRti kavi kI maulika racanA hai| isameM kavi ne nirvANa kANDa ke varNana kI bhAMti prakRtrima jina caityAlayoM, bhArata ke samasta jana tIrtha kSetroM, una sIrtha kSetroM se tapa dvArA nirvANa prApta karane vAle yatiyoM, jayaghavala, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya gommaTasAra, triloksArAdi granthoM kI bhakti pUrvaka baMdanA kI hai, tathA kamoM kI jakar3ana se chaTe parahanta, siddha evaM chaTane kA prayAsa karane vAle prAcArya, upAdhyAya, sAghu ina paMca parameSThiyoM kI bhI baMdanA kI hai. evaM ahAM jahAM siddha kSetra va atizaya kSetra hai, unakA bhakti-bhAva se nAma-smaraNa kiyA hai| paha racanA atyanta sarala bhASA meM likhI gaI hai| yaha pratidina prAtaHkAla pATha karane yogya hai| kavi ne racanA kA prAraMbha, caviNasi tIrthakaroM evaM vidyamAna bIsa tIrgharoM kI stuti se kiyA hai / isa racanA meM jahAM jahA~ se jitane jIva siddha pada ko prApta hue haiM unakI bhI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| jaina bhakti sAhitya meM prAcInakAla 1. suniye vinatI mApa gharavaM sIsa sabhAkaM / ThArAse paMcAsa mAha suvi puurnvaasii| budhajana kI pararAsa kI surapura vAsI // 17 // dudhajanaH budhajana vilAsa (vimala vinezvara kI stuti) pAnA 18 pRSTha saM. 9-17 hastalikhita prati se| 2. mAdi tIrthara prathamAha bamboM, badamAna guNa gaabii| prajitAdi pArasa jinabaraloM, pIsa doya mama mAnI // sImaMdhara prAdhika tIrthagara, viroha koSa mAhI jii| sakala tIrthaGkara gurAgaNa gAU, virahamAna mA mAjI // zuSajana : vaMdanA kasar3I, pana saM. 1-2, hastalikhita prati, vi. jaMga lUNakaraNa maMdira, jayapura /

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya se jakhar3iyAM likhI jAtI rahI hai / budhajana kRta prastuta jakhar3I meM kevala chattIsa padma hai| jakhar3I kA artha hai jakar3A hmaa| jakhar3I eka prakAra kA sambodhana hai| hindI ke aneka jaina kaviyoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se saMsArI jIvoM ko saMbodhita karane ke lie jar3iyoM kI racanA kI / jinameM bhUdharadAsa, daulatarAma, rUpacava jaise kaviyoM ke mAma . ullekhanIya haiN| "racanA ke anta meM kavi ne apane nAma, sthAna va guru ke nAma kA ullekha kiyaa| 4. chahaDhAlA vi. saM. 1856 yaha racanA kavi kI eka maulika-kRti hai / yaha chaha bAloM meM nibaddha hai| sAmAnyataH DhAla zava kAvya ke lie rUr3a artha meM prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai / jisa prakAra sAhitya meM phAgu, vilAsa, rAsa prAdi zabda pracalita rahe haiM, usI prakAra DhAla zabda kA bhI pracalana rahA hai| yaha mAda dhvanyathaM rUpa meM rAsa kAvya kI bhAMti geya racanA ke lie prayukta kiyA jAtA rahA hai| chahaDhAlA ke atirikta zrIpAla kAla. magAvatI hAla prAdi kAvya racanAe bhI ullekhanIya haiM / isake pratyeka banda ko par3hate samaya eka vizeSa prakAra ke pravAha kA anubhava hotA hai| isamo. chanda kI gati mA cAla yA DhAla kahate haiN| chahaDhAlA ke chaha prakaraNoM meM se pratyeka prakaraNa kI alagaalaga chandoM meM racanA kI gaI hai aura pUrNa racanA meM chaha prakAra ke chandoM kI DhAla (cAla) hone se isako chahalAlA kahA gayA hai| kavivara budhajana kI yaha racanA dhaulatarAma kI chahavAlA kA preraNA srota hai| ye ve daulatarAma nahI hai, jinakA ullekha prAcArya rAmacandra zukla ne padmapurANa ke nirmAtA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| inakA 'chahaDhAlA' nAma itanA lokapriya huA ki 1. nagara bhaurAseM khar3I konI, sakasa bhavyamAna bhASanI / pAsa bihArI (yuSajana) vinatI gA, mAmalesa bhukhaM pAye jI / / aSamama : vaMdanA ekhar3I, patra saMkhyA 36, hastalikhita prati ri jana sUraekaraNa pAsyA maMdira, jypur| 2. pAcArya rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, tRtIya saMskaraNa / pR. saMkhyA 411, kAzI mAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI vi. saM. 2003 /

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kaSipara budhamana : yA saMkalita dyAnatarAya kI paMcAsikA aura daulatarAma kA satva-upadeza bhI chahaDhAlA kahalAne lage / sarva prathama kavivara dyAnatarAya ne vi. saM. 1718 kArtika mAsa kI trayodazI ko isa prakAra kI chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta sAdhAraNa upadezAtmaka racanA kI thI tathA kula 50 chanda hone se usakA nAma paMcAsikA rakhA thA, jaisA ki grantha ke aMtima chaMdoM se jJAta hotA hai| isake bAda kavivara khuSajana ne sAla zukla tRtIyA (akSayatRtIyA) vi. saM. 1859 meM viSaya ke kramAnusAra prakaraNa baddha karate hue isa prakAra kI eka racanA kI thI tathA usakA nAma 'chahaDhAlA' rakhA thA / yaha racanA paM. dyAnatarAma kI racanA se viSaya-varNana meM madhika vistRta hai| isake pazcAta kavi daulatarAma ne 'kaviyara bUdhajana' kI bahaDhAlA se preraNA prApta kara zilpa-kalA ke kozala ke sAtha saryA gapUrNa rakhanA prastuta kii| unakI isa racanA meM budhajana kI bhASA aura bhAvoM kI chAyA yatra-tatra dikhAI detI hai| zrI daulatarAma ne svayaM apanI racanA ke aMtima chaMda meM nirdeza bhI kiyA hai / unake hI ghAbdoM meM: mujha paM. daulatarAma ne kavi bUdhajana 'chahaDhAlA' kA prAzraya lekara vi. saM. 1891 kI akSaya tRtIyA ko yaha grantha pUrNa kriyA / sAmAnyata: yaha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ki daulatarAma kI 'chahaDhAlA' ke pUrva kavivara budhajana kI chahahAlA mAdarza rUpa meM zrI budhajana kI yaha racanA sundara aura mahatvapUrNa hai / pahale sarvatra isI kA paThana-pAThana hotA thA / isa racanA ne aneka vyaktiyoM para prabhAva DAlakara unake jIvana ko badalane aura adhyAtmikatA kI prora jhukAne meM bar3A yoga diyA hai / kavivara budhajana aura kavivara daulatarAma, ina donoM kI chahatAlA prAdhyAtmika jaina sAhitya kI anupama nidhi hai / bar3e-bar3e granthoM kA sAra inameM bhara diyA gayA hai| kavivara budhajana 'chahaDhAlA' kI pahalI dAla meM pariNata vairAgya baddhinI bArahabhAvanAeM, bhAda aura laya kI madhuratA donoM eSTiyoM se bar3hiyA haiM / bhASA aura bhAva -- - - 1. bhaya upazama palasoM kahe, thAmata prakSara seha / dekha suboSa paMkhAsikA, muSajana zukha kareha // kaSi dhAnasarAya : chahabAlA, pama saMkhyA 47, pR. saM. 16, pra. saMskaraNa zAntivIra nagara, mhaaviirjii|| ikanavabasu eka varSa kI, tIja zukla sAha / karyo tasva upaveza yaha laliSavana kI bhASa / / daulatarAma : chahavAlA, patra saM. 16, pR. 52, sarala jana pragya bhaMgAra, jabalapura prakAzana / 4. hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI : sanmati zaMbegA. varSa 13, aMka sitambara 1968 /

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 33 kI dRSTi se yaha racanA anupama hai| isakI bhASA praja-mizrita khar3I bolI hai / kahIMkahIM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bAda bhI mA gaye haiN| bhASA-sarala, svAbhAvika, muhAvaredAra maura hatya-spI hai / pradhyAtma jaise viSaya ko itane sarala aura rocaka DhaMga se prastuta karanA, kaSi kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| isa pustaka meM vairAgya-vaIka, zAnta rasa hI pradhAna hai tathA svAbhAvika rUpa se prAe hue upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka mAdi prasaMkAra bhI yatra-taSa pAye jAte haiM / isameM caupAI, narendra chanda, paricanda, soraThA, bAlacaMda, rAlAchanda ina andoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI vividha chanda yukta padAvalI par3hane meM bahuta rucikara lagatI hai tathA saralatA se martha spaSTa rahane se bar3A mAnanda prAtA hai aura zAnti milatI hai / vAstava meM yaha racanA sabhI iSTiyoM se anUThI hai| kavi kI yaha racanA vi. saM. 1856 ko pAsa zukla: vRtiyA (kSA dRtI . dina pUrNa huI / kavivara budhamana kI isa racanA ke ThIka 32 varSa bAda kavi daulatarAma (dvitIya) ne chahaDhAlA kI racanA kI thii| hindI jaina sAhitya ke kaviyoM ne pradhyArama-rasa se bharapUra aisI anakoM racanAeM kI haiM / paM. banArasIdAsa, paM. bhAgacanda, yAnatarAya, budhajana, daulatarAma mAdi kaviyoM ne apanI pada racanAmoM meM madhyAtma rasa kI madhura-dhArA bahAI hai, unameM se yaha eka chahaDhAlA hai, jo sugama zailI se vItarAga-vijJAna kA bodha karAne vAlI hai| khuSajana kI chahaLAlA meM evaM paravartI hindI ke jana kavi daulatarAma (dvitIya) kI yahavAlA nAmaka racanA meM kyA sAmya pAyA jAtA hai| yaha nimna likhita bAtoM se spaSTa hai / yathA1. budhajanakRta chahaDhAlA kA nirmANa vi. saM. 1859 vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA (pradAya tRtIyA) ko hunA thA, jabaki daulatarAma kRta "chaDkAlA" kA nirmANa usake ThIka 32 varSa bAda vi. saM. 1891 vaizAkha zuklA tatImA (akSaya tRtIyA) ko huA thaa| 2. donoM racanAoM kI chahoM vAloM meM paryApta sAmya hai| 3, donoM kA prAdhAra bAdazAnuprekSA prAdi prAcIna grantha hai| 4. donoM racanAtroM meM viSaya-cayana kA krama nimna prakAra hai: budhajana kRta chahaDhAlA kI prathama DhAla meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya hAla meM jIvoM ke caturgati meM bhramaNa sambandhI duHkhoM kA varNana hai| tRtIya DhAla meM kAla labdhi aura sampaSTi ke bhAvoM kA varNana hai| caturtha hAla meM aSTAMga nirUpaNa hai| paMcama dAla meM zrAvaka-dharma kA varNana hai| chaThI kAla meM muni dharma kA varNana hai aura jagat ke jIvoM ko sambodhana hai| daulatarAma kRta "chahavAlA" kI prathama dAla meM jIvoM ke saMsAra parAvartana ke sAtha cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkhoM kA varNana hai evaM saMsArI janoM kI guru kI zikSA samajhAI gaI hai| dvitIya DhAla maiM saMsAra-bhramaNa ke kAraNa bhUta gRhIta, bhagRhIta

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34 kavivara budhajana : dhyaktitva evaM kRtitva midhyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcaritra ke svarUpa kA varNana hai / ina tInoM ko chor3ane evaM samyagdarzana, samparamAna, samyakacAritra ko apanAne kI preraNA hai| tRtIpa dAla meM prAtmA kA sukha batalAkara usake upAya rUpa se samyagdarzana kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa hai aura ise hI dharma kA mUla kahA hai / caturtha hAla meM vyavahAra samyAdarzana, sampapajJAna evaM sampaka cAritra kA varNana hai| isameM mukhyataH samyaktvA zrAvaka ke vizvAsa kA varNana hai / pAMcavIM kAla meM jagat-kAya evaM bhogoM se virakta hone ke lie mAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana evaM unake ciMtana karane kA ullekha hai| isameM aNuvRttI dhAvaka kI dainika caryA tathA usake natoM va jIva mokSa-mApti kI mora kisa prakAra agrasara hotA hai-inakA varNana hai / chaThI bAla meM muni parma evaM svarUpAcaraNa-bAritra kA parNana hai evaM jIvoM ko parama pada kI prApti kA upAya batAyA hai| samaya ese apanA kalyANa kara lenA cAhie aisI zikSA jIvoM ko dI gaI hai| 5- budhajana kRta chahatAlA kI apekSA daulatarAma kuta chahaDhAlA kA varNana kama adhika vyavasthita hai, kyoMki isameM pahale caturgati ke duHkho kA varNana hai tathA caturgati meM bhramaNa ke kAraNa mithyA darzana, mithyAjJAma, miyAdhAritra kA varNana hai / budhajana kRta chahakAlA meM mokSa ke kAraNa prata snAya kA uslekha hai| tathApi usameM samyagdarzana va samyagjJAna kA saMyukta mApa se evaM sammAcAritra kA pRthaka se varNana kiyA gayA hai / 7- donoM kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM kevala do AndoM ko chor3akara zeSa meM pUrA-pUrA sAmya hai / chandoM kI tAlikA nimna prakAra hai: budhajana kRta chahavAlA ke chanda daulatarAma kRta chahavAlA ke chanda prathama hAla meM-caupAI chanda dvitIya dAla meM- jogIrAsA chanda tRtIya DhAla meM-paddhaDi chanda pasartha hAla meM - soraThA chanda paMcama DhAla meM-cAla chanda SaSTha hAla meM--projagat guru kI cAla prathama dvAla meM--caupAI chanda dvitIya hAla meM-paddhaDi chanda tRtIya hAla meM jogIrAsA basudha hAla meM holA pAMcavIM hAla meM-cAla chanda chaThI hAla meM harigItikA 8- budhajana kRta "chahaDhAlA' meM jaisA mAtma-udbodhana hai, vasA daulatarAma kata "yahahAlA" meM nahIM milatA / udAharaNa ke lie

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10 butrajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya jana citavata apane mAMhi mApa hUM cidAnanda nahiM puNyapApa / merA nAhIM hai rAga-bhAva, ye to vividhavarA upaje vibhAvaH // 6- chaThI DhAla kA prArambha karate hue "buSajana" ne muni dIkSA lene vAle vyakti kA jo sundara citra khIMcA hai vaha par3hane yogya hai / grantha kI samApti karate hue budhajana ne bhabya jIvoM kA dhyAna eka bAra phira samyaktva kI ora prAkapita kiyA hai ' samyagdarzana sahita narka meM rahanA acchA hai parantu samyagdarzana ke binA deva va rAjA prAdi kI manuSya paryAya bhI burI hai / 2" kitanA bhAvapUrNa saMbodhana hai| pahalI kAla meM jo bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai / vaha to viSaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se anupama hai / bhAtma- - hitaiSiyoM vArA manana-paThana yogya hai / 2 35 donoM hI kaviyoM ne apanI-apanI chahaDhAlA nAmaka racanAoM meM sampUrNa jaina vAG maya kA sAra bharakara "gAgara meM sAgara" bharane kI ukti ko caritArthaM kara diyA hai / isa dRSTi se ye donoM anupama kRtiyAM hai / jo vyakti aura samAja donoM ko mojakara unameM zakti ke mAdhyAtmika srota jammukta kara sakatI hai / zrI di. jaina mandira lugakaragA pAMDyA pacevara kA rAstA, jayapura ke grantha bhaMDAra kA avalokana karate samaya dyAnatarAya, budhajana va daulatarAma ke atirikta paM. kAzIrAma (kizana paMDita) kI bahyAlA bhI hamAre dekhane meM thAI thI / isa racanA kA bhalI bhAMti zravalokana karane para vidita huA ki sAhityika dRSTi se yaha racanA uttama koTi kI nahIM hai| racanA atyanta saghukAya hai| kavi ne racanAkAla vi. saM. 1852 diyA hai / ye butrajana kavi ke samakAlIna hI haiN| jo bhI hoM ina cAroM kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM sarvAdhika vyApti daulatarAma kRta bahaDhAlA kI hai / dUsare nambara para "vajana" kI chAlA bhAtI hai / zeSaM do racanAeM prasiddhi ko prApta na ho skiiN| phira bhI yaha nizcita haiM ki dAla ke rUpa meM kAvya-racanA usa yuga kI eka vizeSa kAvya-vidyA thI / 1- budhajana chahabAlA, tRtIya bAla, pU. saMkhyA 2, pR. 34, suSamA presa satanA prakAzana / : bhalA naraka kA vAsa, sahita samakita ke pAtA 1 are bane je deva, nRpati, ciyAmata mAtA kvana: chahaDhAlA chaThI DhAla, padma saM. ma, pR. 30 suSamA presa satanA prakAzana /

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6 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kavivara budhajana ne apanI isa kRti kI pratyeka hAla ke anta meM apane nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| grantha ke anta meM kavi ne apane nAma va racanAkAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai: "he budhajana tU apane citta meM karor3oM bAtoM kI eka bAta yaha rakhanA ki mana, bacana, kAya kI zuddhi pUrvaka sadA jinamata kI zaraNa grahaNa karanA hI pratyeka dhAvaka kA katrtavya hai| tInoM chahaDhAlA granthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa kI prAzcarya kAriNI samAnatA isa bAta kI pratIka hai ki tInoM granthoM ke racayitA eka hI parama-tatva-vItarAgatA ke upAsaka the| 5-adhajana vilAsa budhajana bilAsa meM kavi kI sphuTa kavitAmoM evaM padoM Adi kA saMkalana hai| inheM par3hakara pratyeka sahRdaya vyakti prAtmavibhora ho uThatA hai| inakA saMkalana vi.saM. 1862 meM kiyA gayA thA / kRti ke avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki kavitA para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| unakI kAvya kalA hindI sAhitya-saMsAra meM nirAlI chaTA ko liye hue haiN| kavi kI racanA prAyaH varAgya rasa se paripUrNa hai aura bar3I hI rasatI evaM mana-mohaka hai| isako par3hate hI citta prasanna ho uThatA hai aura chor3ane ko jI nahIM pAhatA / isake adhyayana aura tadanukUla pravRtti karane se mAnava-jIvana bahuta kucha UMcA uTha sakatA hai| vAstava meM kavivara budhajana kI kAvya-kalA kA vizuddha lakSya prAtma-kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha loka kI saccI sevA karanA rahA hai / jo prazAnI mAnava pApa paMka meM nimagna hai, viSaya-vAsanA ke dAsa hai, tathA mAramapatana kI ora agrasara ho rahe haiN| unheM samboSita karake sanmArga para lagAne kA kaSi ne bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai / kavitA ke uccAdarza kA patA budhajana-vilAsa kI kavitAmoM ke adhyayana se 1- koTi bApta kI bAta pare duSamana pita gharamA / mana ba tama zukha hoya gahare gina masa kA saranA // ThArAse paMcAsa madhika nava cit jaano| tIja zukla zAsa bAlaSaT zubhaupamAno // suSanamaH chahaDhAlA, paThIvAla, paca saMpayA 10, pR.saM. 36 suSamA presa satanA prakAzana

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 27 sahaja meM hI cala jAtA hai| unameM loka raMjana yA khyAti - lAbha pUjAdi ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / alaMkAra tathA prasAda guNa se viziSTa hone ke sAtha-sAtha ukta racanA sarala, sarasa evaM gambhIra artha ko liye hue haiM / kavitA meM kahIM-kahIM urdU, gujarAtI apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI vraja prAdi bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA yathocita samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isameM bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para likhI gaI kavitAoM kA sundara saMkalana hai / isameM nimnalikhita racanAeM saMgrahIta haiM, jinake zIrSaka isa prakAra haiM-- E 1 vicAra paccIsI 2 darzana paccIsI 3 arahaMta deva kI stuti deva darzana stuti 4 darzanA 5 6 pUjA ke dohe 7 darzana ke pada ma DhAla tribhuvana gura svAmI kI DhAla maMgala kI 9 vinatI pava viSa, chattIsI 10 11 dvAdazAnuprekSA 12 zuddhAtmA - jakhar3I 13 sakyakatva - bhAvanA 14 sarasvatI pUjA 15 pUjASTaka 16 zAradASTaka 17 guru vinatI 18 caubIsa dAraNA 16 sphuTa pada 20 jinopakAra smaraNa stotra 25 pada 25 pada 4 pada pada 7 parva 6 pada 5 pada 4 pa 12 pada 36 pada 14 pada 8 parda 10 pada (kavi ra kI sammata bhAvanA kA hindI padyAnuvAda | 15 pada 8 pada pada 14 pada 50 pada 10 pada 20 pada 1- budhajanaH budhajana vilAsa zAstra bhaNDAra, bi0 jaina mandira, sonakaccha ma. pra. vi0 saM. 1666, hastalikhita prati /

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kamivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 52 pada 21 roSa pApI pati jAne kI vinatI 22 upadeza chattIsI 36 pada 23 vacana-matIsA 32 pada 24 bodha-dAvazI -- 12 pada 25 jJAna-paJcacIsI 26 naMvIzvara-jayamAlA bhASA 21 pada 27 virAga bhAvanA 52 pada 28 pada 235 pada budhajana vilAsa meM prApta upayukta viSaya zrI di0 jaina mandira sonakaccha mi. pra.) se prApta hasta-likhita prati ke prAdhAra se slikhita haiN| ukta grantha ke lipi kartA bRjalAla haiM / hastalikhita grantha saMvat 1966 mamasira sudI dasavIM ko likhakara pUrNa huaA thaa| budhajana-vilAsa kI hI eka hasta -likhita prati hukumacanda jI ema. e. ke saujanya se di. jaina mAravAr3I mandira TrasTa meM prApta huI thii| isameM upayukta viSayoM ke pratirikta kucha viSaya aura bhI haiM ve haiM-1 1. pUjana pahalI par3hane ke dohA 2. samakita jakhar3I 3. laghu zrAvakAcAra battIsI isa prakAra phula 31 saMkhyaka saMkSipta racanAmI kA sundara saMkalana budhajana vilAsa meM daSTi godhara hotA hai| inameM kucha racanAeM to isanI bar3I haiM ki ve svayaM eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM saMkalita kI jA sakatI haiN| bumajama bilAsa kI kavitAeM kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se saMpUrNa rItiyoM, zabdAlaMkAra evaM pratikAra se paripUrNa hai| isameM sthAna-sthAna para anuprAsa aura yamaka kI jhalaka bhI dikhAI detI hai / chandoM kI dRSTi se bhI maha anya mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM lagabhaga 52 prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) soraThA (2) dohA (3) DhAla trimukhana gurusvAmI kI (4) lAla karUnAlyojI kI (5) tribhaMgI chanda (6) dAla maMgala kI 17) hAla nomaMga kI (4) caupAI (6) gItA chanda (10) paddhar3i chanda (11) caupAI chAda (12) marahaThI chanda (13) kuNDaliyA (14) prajilla (15) samyakaba jogitA (16) rAga bhairU' (17) bhairU kI vaMcarI (18) mairavI (16) SaTtAla titAlo 12) rAgapaDhA (21) rAga rAmakalI (22) rAga lalita (23) visAvala kanar3I (24) pralahiyA 1. kavi budhajamaH suSavana vivAsa, hasamijita prati, vi. ana mAravAr3I madira TrasTa, indaura /

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budhajana dvArA nimaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya bilAvala (25) prAsAparI (26) rAga-sAraMga (27) rAga suharI sAraMga (98) pUravI sAla (26) rAga dhanAkSI (30) rAga gaurItAla (31) rAma Imana (32) rAga dIpacAdI (33) kAphI kanar3I (34) panar3I jalada (35) moTI (36) rAga aMgalA (37) rAga ahiMga (38) rAga khaMbhASata (39) rAga paraja (40) rAga kAMharo (41) rAga prabhAraNo (42) rAga kedAro (43) soraThA iktAlo (44) soraTha jalada (45) rAga vihAgar3o (46) rAga vihaMga (47) rAga je jaivaMtI (48) mAlakoSa (46) rAga kAliMgar3o (50) gajala rakhatA (51) rAga malhAra (52) malhAra rUpaka / bhASA-dudhajana kliAsa kI bhASA bama mizrita rAjasthAnI hai| kavi, rAjasthAna ke pramukha nagara jayapura ke nivAsI the| jayapura usa samaya hindI ma sAhitya kA pramukha kendra thA / kAraka racanA meM braja kI vizeSatA pAI jAtI hai| kavi kI isa racanA meM saMyukta bagau ko svara vibhakti ke dvArA puthaka karane kI pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / prathA-sarava (sarva) janama (janma) khevara (kSetra) subhAva (svabhAva) sabara (zabda) paratIsi (pratIti) prAtamA (prAsmA) padAratha (padArtha) . darasa (darya) satvAratha (tatvArtha) saradhAna (shrddhaan)| isI prakAra-- saMyukta doM ko sarala banAne kI paddhati bhI milatI hai| yathA stuti kA (yuti) svarUpa kA (surUpa) muti kA (duti) janmamaraNa kA (jAmana-maraNa) sthAna kA pAna ityAdi / muhAvaroM va lokoktiyoM ke prayoga meM pranyAnya hindI kaviyoM kI bhAMti budhajana meM bhI bhASA ke sauMdarya kA dhyAna rakhate hue unake saphala prayoga kiye haiN| yathA niMdaka sahale duHkha lii| vandaka laI kaalyaarnn| DUbata jaladhi jahAja / kahA kamAI karata hai gur3I ur3Avana hAra / samatA nIra bujhaay| baiThezAna jahAja meM ta utare bhavapAra / budhamana vilAsa urdU evaM phArasI ke sanda jaise ilAja, spAla, salAha, araja, pIra, siratAja, matalaba, dalagIra, duniyAM, jAhara, nahAna,maNA ityAdi milase haiN| jhAda vidhAma-vudhajana vilAsa meM kaSi ne mAtrika va pariNama donoM prakAra ke chandoM ke prayoga kiye hai| mAdhika dhandoM meM dohA, soraThA, caupAI, savaiyA Adi chanda pramukha haiN| vaNika chandoM meM kavi ne aneka chandoM ke saphala prayoga kiye hai, jo uparyukta tAlikA se spaSTa hai| upayukta tAlikA kavi ke canda zAma kA spaSTa paricaya detI hai|

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40 kaviyara budhakA paktitva evaM kRSi prastuta saMgraha meM sthAna-sthAna para anuprAsa aura yamaka kI jhalaka bhI dikhAI detI hai| isa meM yadyapi sabhI racanAeM bhAva, bhASA, sanda, alaMkAra prAdi kI raSTi se uttama hai parantu una saba meM vivecita racanAeM bar3I hI cintAkarSaka Ana par3atI hai| kavi adhyAtma va bhakti rasa ke kavi the ataH unake katipaya bhakti paraka pada prastuta haiM :pada uttama narabhava pApake mati bhUle re rAmA ttek|| kITa pazu kA tana jaba pAyA, taba tU rakSA nikAyA / maga naradehI pAya sayAne kyoM na bhaje prabhu nAmA // 1 // surapati yAkI cAha karata ura, kara pAUM nara jAmA / aisA ratana pAyake bhAI, kyoM khodata vina phAmA 2 // ghana jIvana tana sundara pAyA, magana bhayA lali bhAmA / kAla pracAnaka jhaTike khAyagA, pare raheMge ThAmA // 3 // apane svAmI ke pada-paMkaja, karo hiye bisarAmA / meTi kapaTa bhrama apanA budhajana, jyoM pAvo zivadhAmA // 4 // isI prakAra ke eka anya pada meM kitanI prabodha pUrNa pANI meM kavi kahatA hai saMsAra eka bAjAra hai aura manuSya usakA eka vyApArI hai| vyApArI bAjAra meM jAtA hai aura saudA kharIdatA hai 1 jo vyApArI saude kI pArakhI hotA hai vaha hamezA aisA saudA kharIdatA hai, jisameM use adhikAdhika lAbha ho / hAni pahuMcAne vAle saude kA vaha sparka bhI nahIM karatA / parantu jisa byApArI ko acche-bure mAla kI parakha nahIM hotI vaha kharAba saudA bhI kharIda letA hai| phala yaha hotA hai ki vaha hAni uThAtA hai mora kuzala vyApArI apanI vyApArika kuzalatA ke kAraNa dina-pratidina pragati karatA hai maura vyApAra meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta karatA humA sukha aura zAnti kA anubhava karatA hai / kavivara budhajana kI dRSTi meM saMsAra eka bAjAra hai aura usakA pratyeka manuSya eka vyApArI hai| isa saMsAra-bAjAra meM mAnava-vyApArI ko sukRta kA sodA karanA hai| aisA karane para hI vaha apane jIvana meM lAbha uThA skegaa| jIvana kA sAsvata Ananda le skegaa| isake liye mAnava-vyApArI ko prati-apa apanI viveka-akhi jAgRta rakhanI hai| use atIta ke ghATe ke saude para, partamAna meM sukRta ke sauve para aura bhAvI jIvana ko paramAnandamaya evaM pUrNa nirAkula banAne ke lakSya para 1, bujamaH budhajana vilAsa,padya saMkhyA 66, pR. saMkhyA 34, jimavAraNI pracAraka kAryAlaya, 161/1harIsana roDa, kalakattA prakAzana /

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 41 satarkatA se dRSTi rakhanI hai| eka kSaNa kA prasAda use ananta ghATe kA saudA karA sakatA hai / kavi svayaM ko sambodhita karate hue kahatA hai| he bhrAtman 1 luisa saMsAra rUpI bAjAra meM paramArtha ke liye, Atma-kalyANa ke liye sukRta kA saudA karale samyak AcAra kA pAlana kara tUne saubhAgya se sarvazreSTha sadgRhastha ke kula meM janma liyA hai aura isa para bhI tujhe vItarAga mArga para calane kA suavasara milA hai| phira bhI re mUr3ha zrAtman ! tU isa suyoga ko kyoM kSaNika evaM vinazcara bhoga-vilAsa meM bitAye hai rahA haiM? he Atman! mohanidrA meM par3e-par3e tumheM cirakAla vyatIta ho gayA / tumheM patA nahIM hai ki karmacakra kisa prakAra tumhAre Atma-guNa ratnoM kI lUTa kara rahA hai| jAgo, aba bhI nahIM jAga rahe ho ! jIvana vyApAra meM lAbha uThAne ke icchuka pratyeka mAnavAtmA ke liye kavivara kI yaha pavitra preraNA na mAlUma kaba taka sphUrti pradAna karatI rhegii| 1 kavivara budhajana ke pUrvavartI va paravartI aneka hindI ke kaviyoM ne vilAsa nAma se racanAeM kI haiN| saca to yaha hai ki 16vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke kaviyoM meM isa prakAra kI racanA karane kI eka paramparA hI cala par3I thI / vilAsa nAmaka racanAoM kI paramparA sambandhI saMkSipta tAlikA kAlakramAnusAra nimna prakAra hai : 1. karale ho jIva, sukRta kA saudA karale / paramAratha kAraja karale ho || uttama kula ko pAyaka, jinamata ratana lahAya / bhoga bhoga ye kArane, kyoM zaTha deta gamAya // vyApArI vana grAiyo, nara-bhava hATa-bhaMbhAra / phaladAyaka vyApAra kara, nAtara vipatti tayAra || bhava ananta baratI phirayo caurAsI bana mAMhi / aba naradehIM pAyaka, adha khove kyoM nAhi || jinamuni bhAgama parakhakeM, pUjo kari sarabhAna / kuguru, kudeva ke mAnave, phiryo caturgati dhAna | mohanI-mAM sovatA, DUbI kAla aTUTa | " buvajana" kyoM jAgo nahIM, dharma karata hai lUTa || saudA karale, karate ho jIva sukRta kA saudA karale ho / 1 " afa budhajana, budhajana vilAsa, pada saMkhyA 235 jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, 161/1 hrarIkSana roDa, kalakattA

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42 jIvana paricaya kramAMka pratinidhi kavi racanA kA nAma zatAbdI * 17 thI 18vAM 1. sundara dAsa jagannAtha banArasIdAsa dhAnatarAma jagatarAma 6. jaTamala vilAlA 7. muni harSa samudra 8. mazovijaya 1. lakSmI yallabha 10. khaDgasena 11. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla 12. bhUdharadAsa 13. budhajana 14. daulatarAma (dvitIya) 15, maiyA bhagavatIdAsa 16. vijaya gaccha 17. vinaya vijaya 18. nathamala bilAlA 16. dIpacanda zAha 20, yundAvana lAla 21. jJAnAnanda 22. vRndakavi 23. devIdAsa 24, bakhatarAma 25. gulAbarAya 26. manaraMgalAla 27. lAlacanda 28. paramAnanda jauharI 26. pArasadAsa nigotyA 30. motIlAla 31. paM. lakSmIcanda 32. jodharAja kAsalIvAla sundara-vilAsa bhAminI-vilAsa banArasI-vilAsa bAnata-bilAsa zAna-virAsa prema-vilAsa bhAvanA-vilAsa jasa-vilAsa bhAvanA-vilAsa mAgama-vilAsa viveka-vilAsa bhUdhara-vilAsa budhajana-vilAsa dilArAma-vilAsa brahma-vilAsa rAja-vilAsa vinaya-vilAsa jinaguNa-vilAsa anubhava-vilAsa candAbana-vilAsa jJAnAnanda-vilAsa ghunda-vilAsa paramAnanda-vilAsa buddhi-vilAsa zikhira-vilAsa zikhira-vilAsa zikhira-vilAsa cetana-vilAsa pArasa-vilAsa marakata-vilAsa lakSmI-vilAsa sukha-vilAsa

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 43 inake atirikta yama vilAsa, zIla bilAsa, sabhA vilAsa, kAraka vilAsa viveka vilAsa, namana sukha vilAsa ityAdi aneka racanAeM vilAsa nAma se ina zatAbdiyoM meM rakhI gii| ye adhikatara geya racanAeM haiM / "sudhajana vilAsa" kI prAya: sampUrNa racanAeM geya haiN| prAyaH sabhI muktaka chanda haiN| ina sabhI racanAoM ko viSaya kI dRSTi se mukhyataH tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / (1) nIti pradhAna racanAeM (2) saMddhAntika racanAeM (3) AdhyAtmika racanAeM | (nIti pradhAna racanAtroM meM budhajana satasaI, pada saMgraha, budhajana-vilAsa zrAdi / bAdhyAtmika racanAoM meM chahaDhAlA tatvArtha bodha, varlDa mAna purANasUca sucanikA, yogasAra bhASA Adi / AdhyAtmika racanAoM meM paMcAstikAya bhASA Adi haiM / inake atirikta bhakti pradhAna racanAeM bhI haiM, jinake nAma haiM-naMdIzvara jayamAlA, iSTa chattIsI, vimala jinezvara stuti, vandanA jakhar3I Adi 3) budhajana vilAsa kI do pramukha kRtiyoM kA paricaya nimna prakAra hai / 6 - doSa bAvanI ( 1866 bi. saM.) kavi kI yaha eka laghu kRti hai 1 isameM kula 52 padya hai / yaha khaupAI chanda meM likhI gaI hai| isa racanA ke nirmANa meM kavi kA lakSya yaha rahA hai ki manuSya pApa kAryoM se sadA bacatA rahe kyoMki pApa kAryoM kA phala antataH duHkha rUpa hI hotA hai / imhIM pApa kAryoM ke kAraNa jIvoM ko khoTI gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai / - kavi ne bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se durjana ke lakSaNa batAye haiM ve likhate haiM:durjana vyakti kabhI prabhu kA nAma lenA nahIM cAhatA jabaki sajjana puruSa prabhu kA nAma sunate hI prasanna ho jAtA hai| sacce va jhUThe devI-devatAbhoM kI parIkSA na kara sakane ke kAraNa durjana puruSa durgAti ke pAtra hote haiM / durjana puruSa makSya, abhakSya kA, dharma, adharma kA / jAti kujAti kA antara nahIM smjhte| pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya bhogoM meM dina-rAta lIna rahate haiM / rAta-dina khoTe baMdhoM meM vyasta rahate haiN| dharma carcA meM gUMge bana jAte haiM | nATaka-sinemA, nAca-gAnA prAdi meM rasa lete haiM / kabhI tyAga karate nahIM / kadAcit dAnAdi dete bhI hai to mAna haiN| zraddhAlu dharmo janoM kI haMsI ur3Ate haiM / rAtabhara jAgate haiM / bar3AI ke lie dete racanA ke anta meM kavi ne apane nAma kA tathA racanA kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai--- 1 ThArese chAcha ke sAla zrAvaraNa sudi dina tIna vizAla / zeSa agale pRSTha para

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 7-jinopakAra smaraNa stotra (1871 vi. saM.) yaha rapanA eka prakAra kA stotra hai| caupAI, kuNDaliyA, soraThA, chandoM meM likhI gaI hai / bhakta jana apane ArAdhya ke samakSa apane ko dIna-hIna mAnatA hai / baha apane mArAdhya meM pranaMta guNoM kA samAbeza dekhatA hai| caupAI chanda meM kavi kitanI mahatvapUrNa bAta kaha rahA hai : he prabhu ! jo loga prApakA bhakti-bhASa pUrvaka dhyAna karate haiM ve aApake samAna bana jAte haiN| isI kAraNa maiM ApakA dhyAna karatA huuN| maiM Apake anaMta upakAroM ko jAnatA hUM / bhakta ko isa bAta kA pUrA jJAna hai ki strI, putra, AbhUSaNa, dhana, makAna ye saba vastue' kSaNika hai ataH inake upajane va naSTa hone meM vaha harSa-vivAda nahIM mAnatA / bahirAtmA (bhautikavAdI) pana kA tyAga kara antarAtmA (jJAnI) banatA hai / dehAdi ke svabhAva ko vaha bhalI bhAMti jAnatA hai ki ye dehAdi kSaNika haiM / vastutaH jIva maratA nahIM para prANoM ke viyoga ko vyavahAra meM maraNa kahA jAtA hai / bhakta jAnI jana jAnate haiM ki manuSya, deva, maMtra taMtra auSadhi Adi bhI isa jIva ko marane se banA nahIM sakate / vaha apanI jJAna nidhi ko hI sarvazreSTha mAnatA hai| vaha apane ko hI sambodhita karate hue kahatA hai / hai prAsmana | tU to jJAnasvarUpI hai / tathApi samavaza aDavata ho rahA hai| rAgI-dveSI bana kara vipattiyoM meM phaMsA huA hai| isameM terI hI mUla hai| kavi eka sundara raSTAnta dete hue kahate haiM- yadyapi dUdha aura pAnI mila jAte haiM tathApi ve donoM apanI apanI sattA ko nahIM chor3ate / bhinna-bhinna hI rahate haiM 1 usI prakAra zAna saSTi se vicAra karane para zarIra va mAramA kI bhinnatA bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai / kyoMki zarIra jar3a hai pravetana hai, nAzavAna hai, rUpI padArtha hai jabaki prAtmA cetana hai, sthAyI hai arUpo hai, jJAna, darzana zakti sampanna hai / ataH donoM kI ekatA kA koI prazna hI nhiiN| doSa bAvanI pUraNa bhayA, "budhajana' par3hiyoM raci bayA / / kavi budhajana : khuSanana vilAsa (vova bAvanI) pAnA naM. 21 hastalikhita prati ke mApAra se| 2- tuma jina dhyAna loka jo kare, so nizcaya tuma tulitA dhare / tAteM dhyAna kara hUM toya, tuma upagAra bAna meM joya / / sudhajana : budhajana vilAsa (jinopakAra smarae stotra) pAnA maM. 18-19 hastalikhita prati /

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7 budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 45 bhakta punaH kahatA hai- anAdikAla se yaha jIva karmoM se sambandha hone ke kAraNa malina hai tathApi hai jinavANI cApake prasAda se vaha matyanta nirmala ho jAtA hai aura pUrNa jJAnamaya ho jAtA hai / 8- iSTa chattIso jaina kAyoM meM paMca parameSThI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| paMca parameSThiyoM ko hI paMca paramaguru mAnA gayA hai / arahanta, siddha, pAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu (muni) ye paMcaparameSThI haiM / arahaMta ko jina yA jinendra bhI kahate haiM / unakA sauMdarya preraNA kA akSaya puMja hai| jaina dharmAnuyAyI sarva prathama prAtaHkAla uThate hI paMcaparameSThI kA smaraNa karate haiM / kavivara budhajana ne iSTha battIsI grantha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM arahanta kI hI bhakti kI hai| ve likhate haiM: "maiM zrI arahanta ko praNAma karatA hUM / dayAmaya dharma ko namaskAra karatA hU~ tathA nirgrantha (parigraha rahita ) guru ( prAcArya, upAdhyAya sAdhu) ko namaskAra karatA hU~ maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt arahaMta parameSThI ke 46 guNa, siddha parameSThI ke pa guNa, prAcArya parameSThI ke 36 upAdhyAya parameSThI ke 25 guNa tathA sAdhu parameSThI ke 28 guNoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / grantha ke anta meM kavi kahatA hai ki: "maiMne yaha iTIsI grantha sAdharmI janoM ke nitya paThana-pAThana hetu banAyara hai| hita-mita zivapura paMtha pradAtA paMcaparameSThI ke guNoM kA varNana mujha zralpa mati (budhajana ) dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / 1 yaha racanA mukhyataH soraThA aura dohA chandoM meM likhI gaI hai / 6 - budhajana satasaI (vi. saM. 1876) yaha kavivara budhajana kI loka priya kAvya racanA hai| kavivara budhajana nItikAvya nirmAtA ke rUpa meM hindI jaina sAhitya meM khyAti prApta haiM / jaina racanAe~ 1- prabhU zrIrahaMta, dayA kathita jinadharma ko / guru nirapatya mahaMta, aura na mAnU sarvadA || budhajana zuSajana vilAsa (iSTa chattIsI) pAnA 13, hastalikhita prati se| 1- sAdharamI bhava paThana ko iSTa battIsI prattha / zeSa agale pRSTha para -

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46 ___ kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhAratIya nIti kAvya kI akSaya rAzi haiN| jaina dharma kI prAcAra pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya meM bhI nIti uktiyo pradhAna lakSya banakara grAI hai| madhyakAlIna hindI kAbyAkAmA meM tulasI, bihArI, rahIma va vRnda ke samAna banArasI dAsa, dhAnatarAya', bhUdharadAsa, budhajana prAdi jaina kavi bhI una nakSatroM meM se haiM jo apane viveka-Aloka se ajJAnAndhakAra se bhUla maTohiyoM kA patha prazasta karate rahe haiM tathA prAge bhI karate rheNge| kaSi kI nIti sambandhI prasiddha racanA budhajana satasaI evaM anya racanAtroM kA madhyayana prastuta karane ke pUrva nIti zanda kI vyAkhyA prastuta karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha nimna prakAra hogI nIti-zabda prApaNAta dhAtu "nI" (NI) tathA bhAvArthaka pratyaya (ktin ti ke saMyoga sa niSpanna hotA hai / isakA artha hai nayana (le jAnA) prathavA prApaNa (phuNcaanaa| parantu Aja kala yaha prAyaH ukti artha meM prayukta hotA hai / hindI ke kaviyoM ne nIti zabda kA prayoga sarvatra umita artha meM hI kiyA hai / hAla kavi ne prAkRta bhASA meM 'mAthA saptagatI' kI racanA IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kI thii| usI ke anukaraNa para muktaka kAvya meM satasaI kI racanA hindI meM hone lagI / sarvAdhika zreya "bihArI satasaI' ko prApta huA / zRgAra kI racanA hote hue bhI yaha itanI loka-priya huI ki isake pramukaraNa para, vikrama satasaI, matirAma sasasaI, bundasatasaI, vIra savasaI prAdi anepha satasaI grantha likhe gae haiN| prastuta racanA bhI inhIM satasaI granthoM kI paddhati para 702 dohoM meM likhI gaI hai / isa sarasa nIti pUrNa racanA meM devAnurAga zataka, subhASita nIti: upadezadhikAra aura virAga bhAvanA ye cAra prakaraNa haiN| prathama-devAnurAga-zataka makti pradhAna hai| isa khaMDa meM kavi ne 100 dohe likhe haiM / dAsma-mAva kI bhakti apane prArAdhya ke prati pragaTa kI gaI hai / apanI mAlocanA karanA aura jinendra kI mahAnatA ko vyakta karanA hI kavi kA lakSya hai pichale pRSTha kA zeSa malpa buddhi budhajana raruyo, hitamita zivapura paMtha // aSannana : , iSTa chattIsI, pAnA 14 hastalikhita prati se / 1- pI prApaNe, pANiniH siddhAnta kaumudho, pR. saM. 470 I. san 1938 nirNaya-sAgara presa, bmbii| 2- 'striyAM ktina' pANinI, aSTAdhyAyI, 3-3-64 nirNaya sAgara presa, aMbaI 3- zarmA,rAjanArAyaNa ema. e. madhyakAlIna kavi aura unakA kAvya, pRSTha sasyA ?

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kutiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 47 47 prataH vaha kahatA hai: he prabhu ! mere praSaguNoM kI pora dhyAna mata do kyoMki mere avaguNoM kI ginatI nahIM hai, maiM avaguNoM kA dhAma huuN| maiM pavitra hU~ aura Apa patitauddhAraka / mata: mujha jaise patitoM kA kAma bamA dIjiye / dvitIya-subhASita khaNDa-meM 300 dohe haiM / ye sabhI dohe nIti viSayaka haiM / loka maryAdA ke saMrakSaNa ke lie kavi ne aneka hitopadeza kI bAteM likhI haiM / kabIra tulasI, rahIma, aura vRnda ke dohoM se isa vibhAga ke dohe samAnatA rakhate haiN| isa vibhAga ke aneka cohe nIti ke nidarzana hai / yathA ___ "yogya prakAra para yogya hI vacana bolanA caahiye| jisa prakAra pAnI yadi sAvana, bhAdoM meM barasatA hai to usase sabhI ko zAnti milatI hai / jo loga yogya avasara ke binA bolate haiM unakA mAna ghaTatA hai, jaise bAdala yaThi kArtika mAsa meM barasate haiM to sabhI unako burA kahate haiM, koI bhI unakI sarAhanA nahIM krtaa| ityAdi tutIyA-upavezAdhikAra meM 200 dohe haiM / isa khaMDa meM vividha viSayoM kA kramabaddha varNana hai / vidyA-prapAMsA, mitratA mora saMgati, junA-niSedha, zikAra-nindA, corI-nindA, parastrI-sama-niSeSa pIrSakoM meM yaha khaMDa vimAnisa hai| __caturtha-virAga bhAvanA-khaNDa meM barAgyavaddhaka 202 dohe haiM / nItikAmpa kI raSTi se subhASita nIti tathA upadezAdhikAra hI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / isa khaNDa meM saMsAra kI bhasAratA kA bahuta hI sundara maura sajIva citraNa kiyA mayA hai / isa khaNDa ke sabhI dohe rocaka aura manohara haiM / subhASita nIti meM so vividha-viSapoM kA prAyaH koI vizeSa krama lakSita nahIM hotA, parantu upadezAdhikAra ke dohe vidyA prazaMsA Adi zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita hai / isake eka eka dohe meM jIvana ko pragatizIla banAne vAle pamUlma sandeza mare hai / katipaya udAharaNa prastuta hai / yA-- -- - 4. mere bhoguma mina ; maiM mogunako dhAma / patita uddhAraka pApa ho, karo patita ko kAma / dhuSajanaH devAnurAgazataka pIrSaka, sudhajana saptasaI, padya saM. 75, sanAvada / prosara parakhake boliye, prathA bogatA dhena / sAvana bhAdoM barasate. saba hI pAvai bena // 11 // bolijaLe mosara vimA, tAkA rahe na mAna / jaise kAtika barasate, nigye sakala mahAna // 11 // budhajanaH budhajana satasaI (mubhASita nIti) pa. saM. 116-117, sanAvara 2. budhajanaH budhamana-satasaI, paba saM0 108, 125,223 (sanAba)

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva eka carana ha nita par3ha, to kATe ajJAna / panihArI kI leja sauM, sahaja kaTe pASANa / / 108 || mahArAja mahAvRkSa kI, sukhadA zItala chAya / sevata phasa mAse na to, chAyA to raha jAya // 125 / / para upadeza karana nipuna, te to lakhe aneka / kare samika bole samika, te hajAra meM eka / / 223 / / isa khaNDa ke katipaya dohe to paMca taMtra aura hitopadeza ke zlokoM kA anuvAda pratIta hote haiM / tulasI, kabIra aura rahIma ke dohoM se bhI kavi anuprANita pratIta hotA hai| ina dohoM ke manana-ciMtana-smaraNa aura paThana se prAtmA nirmala hotI hai| hRdaya pavitra bhAvoM se bhara jAtA hai aura jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai / iSTAntI dvArA saMsAra kI vAstavikatA citraNa karane meM kavi ko apUrva saphalatA milI hai| vastu sthiti kA bAstavika citra prokhoM ke sAmane mUrtimAna hokara upasthita ho jAtA hai / katipaya raSTAnta prastuta haiM / yathA isa jIva kA isa jagat meM vAstava meM kauma putra hai aura kauna strI ? kisakA dhana evaM parivAra hai ? jisa prakAra dharmazAlA meM deza-videza ke, vibhinna jAtiyoM ke, vibhinna dharmoM ke loga ekatrita ho jAte hai, parantu thor3e hI samaya ke pazcAt saba bichuTa jAte haiN| jisa sampatti ke liye yaha mAnava niraMtara kaSTa uThAtA hai, bharate samaya vaha bhI sAtha nahIM jAtI, yahIM par3I raha jAtI hai| jise nAnA prakAra se lilAyA pilAyA-sajAyA-saMvArA jAtA hai, vaha deha bhI yahI par3I raha jAtI hai| isa saMsAra meM jo bhI bhAyA hai use eka na eka dina avazya hI jAnA hogA / bhava rAjA dazaratha, lakSmaNa aura rAma ase valI evaM nyAya-nIti pUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karane vAle puruSa bhI jIvita nahIM raha sake to jhUTha, kapaTa prAdi karane vAlA tU kaise cirakAla taka jIvita raha sakegA? ___kavi kI cubhatI huI uktiyAM hRdaya meM praviSTa ho jAtI hai tathA jIvana ke prAntarika-saudarya kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| satasaI ke eka-eka dohe meM kavi ko hai suta ko hai tiyA, kAko dhana parivAra / pAke mile sarAye meM, bicha rege mirapAra // 503 / / parI rahegI saMpadA, parI rahegI kAya / chalavalakara kyoM nA bace, kAna mapaTa le jAya / / 15 / / mAyA so nAhIM rajhA, bazaraNa lakSmaNa rAma / tU vaise raha nAyagA, jhUTha kamara kA pAma // 523 / / budhajanaH budhamana satasaI, paca saM. 503, 515, 523 pra. saMskaraNa, snaavd|

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM eva unakA paricaya ne jIvana ko gatizIla banAne vAle amUlya saMdeza bhare haiN| isameM bhaktimArga, subhASita nIti, upadeza, vidyAprazaMsA, vairAgyabhAvanA, prAtmAnubhava ke viSaya meM sAta sau dohe likhakara jijJAsugnoM ke lie apUrva vijJAna diyA hai| isameM bar3I hI kalA kuzalatA ke sAtha adhyAtma, vairAgya aura sadAcAra kI tridhArA pravAhita kI gaI hai / 'isakI racanA vi0 saMvat 1876 meM huI thiiN|1 satasaI kI racanA kA uddezya mAnava ko prasat se sat ko prora le jAne kA pratIta hotA hai / grantha kI prazasti meM kavi svayaM likhate hai "bhUkha sahana karanA par3e to kara lo / daridratA sahana karanA par3e to use bhI . sahana kara lo| lokApavAda sahana karanA par3e to use bhI sahana kara lo, para kabhI bhI nindanIya kArya mata kro| isI prakAra eka aura anya pazca meM kavi kahatA hai / 'maine yaha rakhanA apanI antaH preraNA se hI banAI thI, anya koI viziSTa vahazya nahIM thaa| na kisI kI preraNA se, na kisI kI prAzA se maiMne yaha racanA kI hai, kintu kevala apanI buddhi ko parimAjita karane ke lie hI maiMne yaha ( racanane devAnurAga zataka meM kavi apane ArAdhya ko anaMtaguNoM aura rUpoM vAlA dekhatA hai aura apane Apako unakA varNana karane meM asamartha pAtA hai / 5 ki nara paryAya bAra-bAra nahIM milatI prasa: vaha isa avasara ko cUkanA nahIM cAhatA / vaha apanI prArthanA kisI ke mAdhyama se nahI varana svayaM hI karanA cAhatA hai / yathA jo meM kahA aura teM, to na miTa urajhAra / merI to sopaM banI, tAtai karoM pukAra' / / 1. saMvat kArA se prasI, eka barasate ghATa / jyeSTha kUSNa ravi praSTamI, havo satasaI pATha / / suSajanaH puSajana satasaI, para saM0 666, pR0saM0 145, pra0 saMskaraNa, samAvava / 2. bhUla saho vArida saho, saho loka bhapakAra / nidhakAma tuma matikaro, yahai prAthako sAra / dhudhajanaH buSajana satasaI, tR0 prAvRtti, pR0saM0 741666, jaina grantha rasnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, prakAzana / 3. nA kAhU kI preraNA, nA kAhU kI prAsa / apanI mati tIkhI karana, barabhyo barana vilAsa // buSamanaH suSajana satasaI, 4. prAvRtti, pR.saM. 74/696, jaga pranya ratnAkara kAryAlaya, ambaI prakAzana / 4. budhajanaH suSaja. satasaI, padya saMkhyA 13 pR0saM 3, pra0 saMskaraNa sanAvada / .

Page #73
kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva afa apane iSTa ko tanika bhI kaSTa denA nahIM cAhatA, vaha apane kArya ko zIghra bhI karanA nahIM caahtaa| vaha to yahI cAhatA hai ki usakA kArya sahI rUpa se ho jAye / racanA ke avalokana se lagatA hai ki yaha kavi kI zreSTha racanA hai| isameM uttama kaviyoM kI bhAMti anubhUtiyoM kA tIvra vyaMjanga hai| saMsAra ke pratyeka pahalU kI vyaMjanA bar3I hI khuzI ke sAtha kI gaI hai| unhoMne sUra, tulasI aura mIrA kI bhAMti apane ArAdhya ko mahAna evaM svayaM ko kSudra batAyA hai| ve likhate haiM : 50 he prabhu pApa to zrInAnAtha ho aura meM dIna evaM anAtha hU~ / mujhe zrApakA satsaMga prApta ho gayA hai ataH aba mujhe sampanna evaM sanAtha karane meM vilamba mala kIjiye / '1 he prabhu ! jagat-jana to svArtha meM lipta haiM / kevala Apa hI niHsvArthaM dikhate ho / anya jana pApa - paramparA kI buddhi meM sahAyaka hai, jabaki zrApa pApoM ko nAza karane vAle hoM / he prabhu ! zrApa mere avaguNoM para dhyAna mata dIjie kyoMki ve anaMta haiM / zrApa patita uddhAraka haiM, ataH mujha jase patitoM kA uddhAra kara dIjie / ' he prabhu ! merI koI bhautika abhilASAeM nahIM haiM, na maiM kisI prakAra kI koI yAcanA hI karanA cAhatA huuN| maiM to kevala yahI cAhatA hUM ki apalaka netroM se kevala zrApakI zAnta, vItarAga nAsAgradRSTi, mudrA ko dekhatA rahUM saccI Atmasiddhi kI kitanI sarala, lalita vyAsthA isa patha meM hai: / ' DA0 rAmasvarUpa zAstrI ke zabdoM meM : 4 eka dekhie jAniye, rami rahiye ika Thaura | samala- vimala na vicAriye, yaha siddhi nahi aura 4. 'hindI kA nItikAvya yadyApi racanAoM kI saMkhyA, pariNAma, viSaya vaividhya tuma to dInAnAtha ho maiM hU~ dIna zramAtha / aba to DhIla na kIjiye, bhalo mila gayo sAtha || aura sakala svAratha sage dina svAstha ho zrApa / pApa miTAyata zrApa ho, aura bar3hAvala pApa / / mere avaguna jina ginI, maiM dhAguna ko pAma / patita uddhAraka prApa ho, karo patita kA kAma || ehI vara mohi vIjiye, jAcU nahi kucha aura animidha hama nirakhata rahU, zAnta chabI cita-cora // kavi budhajanaH budhajana satasaI, patha saM0 42,48,78, 15 40 saMskaraNa sanAva | 5. yahI

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya aura upayogitA kI dRSTi se saMskRta ke nIti-kAdha se kama nahIM, tathApi yaha mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki vizeSa pratibhAzAlI kaviyoM kI kamI ke kAraNa vaha saMskRta ke nIti kAvyoM ke samAna sarasa, camatkArI aura pramUviSNu nahIM bana sakA, phira bhI pAli, prAkRta aura apanaza ke nIti kAbyoM se to baha pratyeka raSTi se thaSTha hI hai / budhajana satasaI kA bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana... budhajana satasaI kI bhASA grama mizrita rAjasthAnI hai. kintu usakA rUpa sAhityika hai / ataH isameM pAye hue kiyA padoM para adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / kriyA (1) satasaI meM prayukta adhikAMza kiyAeM kartari prayoga meM haiM / (2) kucha kriyAeM karmaNi prayoga meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jinake dvArA kriyA kA kama spaSTa hai, unake kartA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| udAharaNa (ka) baMdata zrI mahArAja / padya saMsthA 20 (kha) eka aura rAjata prabala: / padya saMkhyA 23 (ga) bhalI burI nirakhata rahI / padma saMkhyA 24 (gha) praraja garaja kI karata hU~ / padya saMkhyA 37 kAla racanA-budhajana satasaI meM prayukta kriyAoM meM tIna artha pAye jAte haiM, nizcayArtha, prAjJArya tathA sambhAvanArtha / nizcayArthaM se bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya tInoM meM kArya hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| mAzArtha vartamAna tathA bhaviSya-ina do kAloM meM madhyama puruSa meM prAjJA tathA anya puruSoM meM svIkAra-sammati sUcita kartA hai / sambhAvanArtha usa kriyA kA ghotana karatA hai, jahAM kArya sampanna nahIM huprA rhtaa| isa prakAra se prayukta se chaha kAla sAmAnya kAla kahe jA sakate haiM / ye nimna prakAra hai : (1) vartamAna nizcayArthaka (2) bhUta nizcayArthaka (3) bhaviSya nizcayArthaka DA0 rAma svarUpa RSideza: hindI meM nItikAvya kA vikAsa, pR.saM 641 billI prakAzana, dillI 1962 / budhamanaH budhajana satasaI, padya saM0 20 pR0 saM0 530 saMskaraNa prakAzana budhajana: zuSajama satasaI, paca saM. 23 pR0 sa 5 pra0 saskaraNa, sanAvada prakAzana muSajanaH vadhajana satasaI, paca sa0 6 pra0 saMskaraNa sanAvara prakAzana sudhajanaH suSajana satasaI padya sa, 37 pR0 sa pra. saMskaraNa prakAzana /

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52 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 14) vartamAna prAjJAdhaka (5) bhaviSya prAzArthaka (6) sambhAvanAyaka ina chaha kAloM ke atirikta sahAyaka kriyAnoM kI sahAyatA se bhI anya phAloM kI sRSTi huI hai / inheM saMyukta kAla kaha sakate haiN| isa prakAra vibhinna kAloM kI dRSTi meM rakhate yue 'budhajana-sanasaI meM prayukta samasta kriyAoM ko nimna boM meM vibhAjita karake unakI vivecanA kI gaI hai| (1) sAmAnya kriyAeM (2) sahAyaka kriyAeM (3) pUrva kAlika kriyAe' (4) saMyukta kriyAeM tathA (5) kriyAtmaka saMjJA sAmAnya kriyAnoM ke antargata (ka) vartamAna kAlika kriyAe' (kha) prAjJArthaka kriyAeM (ga) bhUtakAlika kriyAeM (gha) bhaviSya kAlika kriyAe mAtI hai : udAharaNa-- dhAtu+ahi - jA+ahiM -- jAhiM (63) pro+mahi -hohiM (522) dhAtu+e: laha+e-lahai (46) mila-e-mila (326) lakha+e-lakhai (111) dhAtu-e~: pIDa+eM--pI. (577) pUja+eM-pUrje (52) kara+eM- kareM (134) dhAtu+oM: dekha ---o-dekhoM (424) aja+mo-ajoM (467) jAsa+mo-jAsoM (466) dhAtu+prata Ava+mata-pAvata +prata-deta pAtu+I:

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya jvAra + I - jvArI (446) amala + I - zramalI (446) yathA kRdanta rUpa- vi bAra + I - bArI (446 ) dhAtu + zrI : haro (3) hara + o maiTa zro- meTo ( 7 ) dhAtu + zro- milyo (12) rAca yo--rAcyA (15) para | yo paryo (100 ) inake atirikta kRdanta va taddhita rUpa bhI paryApta mAtrA meM pAye jAte haiM / tadina rUpa dhAtu + aina: thA | ena-dena (76) bAtu + zrAyaH laha + Aya - lahAya (635) bana + Aya-banAya (441) eva + zrAya-bAya ( 335 ) dhAtu + prAi chuDa + zrAi - chur3Ai (440 ) dhAtu + sI: jA - sI - jAsI (540) raha + sI rahasI (577) pAyasI - pAyasI (636) zabda + rIH rasa-rI-rasarI [5] rAva | rI-rAvarI (16) jaba + rI - jevarI ( 335) zabda tareM: paga + tareM--pagatare (3) 5.3 saba + tareM --- sabatareM (3) zabda + teM: guru-guru (436)

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54 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kara -kaSTate (581) zabda + : (bhAvavAcaka meM) duHkha - mAM-duHm (66, 684) sukha- prAM-"mUkhAM (657) naraka--narakA 1666) inake atirivasa budhajana satasaI meM zabdoM ko badalane kI pravRtti bhI pAI jAtI hai / yathA sthAna kA thAna (15, 113) susthira kA suthira (30,68) susthAna kA suthAna (426) kahIM kahIM-za ke sthAya para sa kiyA gayA hai / athA vizuddhatA kA visuddhatA (25) azakta kA asakta (7) viSaya kA visaya (91) azuci kA prasuci (457) racanA meM kahIM-kahIM TheTha hindI ke zabda bhI pAye jAte haiM yathAkama liMgore 84, ThATha 513, Thaura 536, kuchora (62) dAma kA saMkSiptIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / yathA dAna kA do (415) budhajana satasaI meM saMjJAe tathA kriyAe prokArAMta haiN| isameM kA vibhakti ke sthAna para ko kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / yathA rAjako (363) pahive ko 428, saMsArI ko 575 / saMkSepa meM itanA hI hai ki-- bhAratIya Arya bhASA ke madhya evaM prAdhunika kAla ke saMkrAMtikAla meM kriyApada paryApta rUpa meM vizleSaNAvasthA kI ora agrasara hue aura saMyukta kriyAoM kA vyavahAra bar3A / mAdhunika kAla meM kriyA pada prakriyA to aura bhI sarala ho gii| Adhunika prArya bhASAoM meM tiGanta rUpa thor3e haiM / inameM kRdanta rUpoM ko hI pradhAnatA milI hai aura saMyukta kriyA moM kA prayoga bar3hA hai / / "budhajana satasaI kI bhASA aja mizrita dUDhArI (rAjasthAnI) hai, kintu usakA rUpa sAhityika hai / ataH usameM prAye hue kriyA padoM para adhyayana prastuta rAjakumArI mizra : hindustAnI traimAsipha bhAga 25, paMka 1-4 janavarI disambara 1664, hindustAnI ephejamo, ilAhAbAra, pR0 0 214 1

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya kiyA gayA hai / itanA aura jJAtavya hai ki {1) satasaI meM prayukta adhikAMza kriyAeM kartari prayoga meM haiN| (2) kucha kriyAe' marmaNi prayoga meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jinake dvArA kriyAnoM kA karma spaSTa hai, unake vartA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isameM phArasI Adi ke sadrUpa bhI prApta hote haiM / yathA hunara (267) mAphika (363) jihAja (26-60) khusyAla (212) bajAra, hakamI (258} (140) Rtipaya-rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabdoM ke prayoga meM bhI draSTavya haiN| yathAmosara (12) pravAra (12) dukhAM kI khAna (66) minakha / 644) osara (12) samajhasI (330) khosileya (235) pAyasI (636) aneka dezaja zabdoM ke prayoga pAye jAte haiM / yathA nAlari (221) pAchI (221) bugalA (221) parevA (315) bhota (405) Adi hindI ke tadbhava rUpoM ke prayoga bhI pAye jAte haiM / yathA-- pauguna 178) tiyA, jura (61) saramasa (470) pAna (6) ratana (15) citAmani (15) gharI (20) paragaTa (32) mAraga (46) carana (56) alapa (307) niravAha (63) ityAdi katipaya apabhraza bhASA ke zada bhI prayukta hue haiM / yathAjuddha (111) jutta (143) jadapi (286) ityAdi / katipaya saMskRta ke zabda bhI draSTavya haiM / yathA vipadA / 147) dInAnAtha (42) pathyApathya (142) bhatithidAna (176) eka mAta sutabhrAta 1180) vibudha (266) kSudhA (25) tuSA (25) bhavArNava (74) ityAdi ekAdhasthalapara 'evajuta' (eva--- juta) jaise rUpa bhI milate haiM, jinameM arabIhindI kA mizraNa lakSita hotA hai | bhASA meM prAyaH choTe-choTe prathAlita samasta rUpoM kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai, parantu kahIM-kahIM pratyugracita (136) dayAbhilASa (133) jaise zabdoM ke prayoga bhI hai, jo unake saMskRta jJAna ko saMsUcita karate haiN| kahAvatoM tathA muhAvaroM ke prayoga bhI dikhAI dete haiM / yathA-tetA pAMva pasAriye jetI lAMbI saura (261) DIla na kIjie (42) paryo rahUM tuma caranataTa (43) kATe pAya pahAra (336) meloM kyoM na kapUra meM hIMga na hoya muvAsa (342) polo ghaTa sUgho sadA (341) sapaMna dUdha pilAiye viSa hI ke dAtAra (381) jIne se maranA bhalA (403) ityaadi| pralaMkAra yojanA-- satasaI meM tInoM prakAra ke alaMkAra dikhAI dete haiM / zabdAlaMkAroM meM chekAnaprAsa, bRtyAnuprAsa, vIpsA, lATAnuprAsa prAdi phA tathA arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, iSTAnta,

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56 kavivara budhaja : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva antara nyAsa, rUpaka, yathA-saMkhya ullekha tulya yogitA zrAdi kA aura ubhayAlaMkAra meM saMsRSTi kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai / zabdAlaMkAra (1) 'giri giri prati mAnika nahIM, vana-vana caMdana nAhi ' cIpsA (2) 'sudhara sabhA meM yoM lakheM, jaise rAjata bhUSa' padya saMsthA ( 206 ) kAnuprAsa ( 3 ) ' ghana sama kula sama dharama sama samaya mIta vanAya / padya saMkhyA (446) (4) ' durAcAri tiya kalahinI kikara kara kaThora' padya saM. (251 ) nRtyanuprAsa arthAlaMkAra-- (5) 'baka ta hita udyama kareM, jo haiM catura visekhi / ' pada maM. (152 upamA (6) 'satyadIpa vAtI kSamA, sIlatela saMjoga / ' padma saM. (200) rUpaka (7) bhalA kiye kari he burA, durajana sahaja subhAya / pa pAyeM viSa deta haiM, pharaNI mahA dukhadAya || ( 104 ) iSTAnta (8) 'jaisI saMgata kIjiye, tesA hA parinAma / tIra gache tAke turata, mAlA teM le nAma / / ( 316) arthAntaranyAya yaha bAta dhyAna dene kI hai ki upamA, STAnta bhAdi alaMkAroM se yukta dohe adhikatara pUrvavartI vAkyoM se prabhAvita haiM / maulika nahIM / ubhayAlaMkAra - 1. 2. 1. nItivAna nIti na tajeM, sarvhe bhUkha tisa trAsa | jyoM haMsA muktA vinA, ghanasara kare nivAsa // paya saM0 (320 ) ( lATAnuprAsa, chekAnusAsa, dRSTAnta kI saMsRSTA ) vidhAna-chanda-zailI samagra racanA pustaka dohoM meM hai aura chanda-zAstra kI dRSTi se dohe prAyaH nirdoSa haiM / guNa-doSa-prasAda aura mAdhurya racanA ke pradhAna guNa haiM / kahIM-kahIM praprayukta tatva doSa bhI dRSTigata hotA hai 13 nimnAMkita dohe meM vicitra kA prayoga 'buddhimAna' ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai, parantu ye saba sAmAnya skUlana hai, jinase sarvathA mukta rahanA kadAcit kisI bhI kavi ke vaza meM nahIM / mukhyadoSa to nIrasatA hai, jinake kAraNa viSaya kI dRSTi se uttama hone para bhI racanA, vRnda satasaI ke samAna loka-priya na ho sakI 12 bhayo vA apamAna nija, bhAI nAhi vicitra / DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa RSikeza, hindI meM bhItikAvya kA vikAsa, pR0 556 dillI pustaka bhaMDAra, dillI /

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 57 racanA meM yadyapi vividhatA hai tathApi isa racanA kA vRnda satasaI Adi nIti granthoM ke samAna pracAra-prasAra na ho sakA, yaha paritApa kA viSaya hai / bhajana satasaI : anuzIlana satasaI ke nIti sambandhI aMzoM para dRSTipAta karane se vidita hotA hai ki kavi ne kevala upadezAtmaka hI nahIM, sAmAnya nIti kI bhI aneka upayogI bAtoM kA na kiyA hai| mukhyataH 'budhajana satasaI' eka sundara nIti grantha hai| isameM pAMca prakAra kI nItiyoM kA samAveza hai| ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) vaiyaktika nIti (2) pArivArika nIti (3) sAmAjika nIti (4) Arthika nIti ( 5 ) itara prANa viSayaka nIti / 1. vaiyaktika nIti jaina racanAoM meM prAyaH zArIrika sukhoM kI upekSA hI dikhAI gaI hai, parantu budhajana ne duHkhoM se chUTane kI preraNA hI nahIM do, roganivAraNa ke upAyoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai / katipaya vaiyaktika nIti sambandhI dohe uccata haiM paTa panahI bahu khIra go, prauSadhi bIja prahAra / jyoM sAbhe tyoM lIjiye, kIje duHkha parihAra // kor3a mAMsa, ghRta jura viSe, sUla dila bhI TAra / hama rogI maithuna tajo, navAM vAna atisAra // asat na nahi boliye, taseM hota vigAra 1 ve saspa nahi satya hai, jAte hai upakAra || pustaka guru viratA lagana, mile sudhAna sahAya / taba vidyA par3hiyAM bane, mAnuSa gati parajAya * / / sIMga pUcha bina baila hai, mAnuSa binA viveka / bhaya abhaya samajhe nahIM, bhaginI bhAminI eka // pArivArika nIti kavi ne subhASita nIti meM aneka upayogI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mAtApitA kI sevA tathA pAtivrata para to sabhI nIti-kaviyoM ne thor3A bahuta likhA hai, parantu budhajana ne bhAI ke prati putra aura patnI se bhI adhika prema tathA bhAnaje ke prati sAvadhAnatA kA ullekha kiyA hai katipaya pArivArika nIti sambandhI dohe udghRta haiM--- 1. 2. 2. 4. dhavana satasaI, patha saMkhyA 238 prathama saMskaraNa, sanAkSaya vahI, patha saMkhyA 278 yahI padma saMkhyA 677 vahIM, padma saMkhyA 426 yahI patha saMkhyA 437

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva nijabhAI niraguna bhalo, para gulajuta kihi kAma / Agana samitimA rAkhe thAma // 11 // vidyAdayeM kuzivya koM, kare sugurU apakAra / lAkha lar3Avo bhAnajA, khosileya adhikAra // 235 / / sAmAjika mIti pAtivrata para to prAyaH sabhI nIti-kavi bala dete haiM, parantu patnI vrata para vizeSa bala jana kaviyoM kI vizeSatA hai / tadanusAra budhajana ne bhI sAmAjika yaunapavitratA kI rakSA ke liye parastrI sevana evaM vazyA sevana kA niSedha kiyA hai va isa viSaya para aneka bhAvapUrmA dohe likhe haiN| katipaya sAmAjika nIti sambandhI dohe uddhRta haiM--- apanI paratakha dekhike, jaisA apane darda / tasA hI paranArikA, dukhI hotA hai marda / / 461 / / hIna-dIna meM lIna hai, setI aMga milAya / letI sarabasa saMpadA, detI roga lagAya' / / 473 / / prAyika nIti yadyapi budhajana ne dhana-janya sammAna, tathA dAridra' ya-janya apamAna kA aneka dohoM meM sanistAra ullekha kiyA hai, tathApi unhoMne corI, anyAya, junA bhAdi sAdhanoM meM pata-saMgraha ko bahuta burA kahA hai| unake mata meM nIti kA parityAga nitAnta anucita hai / Arthika nIti sambandhI papa udRta haiM nIti taje nahi satpuruSa, jo dhana mile karora / kulatiya bane na kaMcanI, bhugate vipavA ghora // 318| itara prANi viSayaka nIti 'prAe sabako pyAre hote haiM aura ahiMsA jainoM kA mukhya siddhAnta hai, isaliye budhajana ne mAMsa-bhakSaNa tathA AkheTa kA prabala niSedha kiyA hai| isake atirikta madyapAna ke tyAga ke ye hetu prastuta kiye haiM phi---usake naze meM manuSya gopanIya bAteM prakaTa kara detA hai / sudhabudha bhUla kara galiyoM meM gira kuttoM se mukha caTavAtA hai madya-nirmANa meM hone vAlI hiMsA ke pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai|" 1. budhajana satasaI, padya sa. 151 / 2. se 4. vahI, pa sa 181, 1235, 461, 473 5 budhajana satasaI pAsa'. 315 6. vahI, 453

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya upayukta nItiyoM ke atirikta anya nItiyoM bhI racanA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / yathA-mizrita nIti prAdhi / ma pazaMsanIya hai rindra denA usakI hAla nahIM galatI / usameM vaha pAkti nahIM ki udyamI ko sukha, vidyA, prAgu, dhana prAdi se prasanna kara sake / pUrva janma ke karma itane prabala haiM ki zizu jaba garbha meM hotA hai tabhI se usake liye ye vastue nizcita ho jAtI haiM : sukha duHkha vidyA pAyu dhana, kula bala vitta adhikAra / sAtha garbha meM avatare, dehadharI jihi bAra // 246 / / 10-tatvArthabodha-vi0 saM0 1876 kavivara budhajana kI eka anya racanA tatvArthayoSa hai jo eka padya grantha hai| isameM gRddhapicchAcArya ke tasvArthaM sUtra ke sUtra viSaya kA pallavita anuvAda diyA huA hai / isake atirikta isa andha meM nimnalikhita viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai : (1) maMgalAcaraNa (2) caturgati varNana (3) saptatattva kathana (4) samyagadarzana, jJAna, cArika (5) mithyA darzana, jJAna, pAritra, (6) naya, (7) nikSepa, (8) samyagtattva ke 25 doSa, (6) anekAMta, (10) jIna ke no adhikAra, (11) samudraghAta, (12) Sadravya, (13) palya kA pramANa (14) urdhvaloka-madhyaloka-apoloka varNana, (15) dravya-guNa-paryAya, (16) paccIsa kriyA (17) praSTakarma (18) nirdeza (16) svAmitva (20) sAdhana (21) adhikaraNa (22) vidhAna (23) prakRti-pradeza-sthitianubhAgabaMdha, (24) 14 guNasthAna (25) paMcaparameSThI (26) zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimA (27) munidharma kathana (28) ghyAna kA varNana ityAdi / / inake atirikta anya kaI viSayoM kA samAveza isa grantha meM hai / paM0 paramA. nanda jI zAstrI ke anusAra isameM samyaktatva ke sabhI aMgoM kA vizada vibecana, palya, sAgara va rAjU ke pramANa kA varNana, madhyaloka kI vyAkhyA, caudaha guNasthAnoM kI carcA, ghAvakAcAra kI kathanI, 10 dharma aura 12 tapoM kA varNana, zIla ke 18000 bhedoM kA varNana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| isameM gomadasAra jIvakAMDa ke prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai|" isa graMtha meM prAtma-svAtaMtrya prApta karane ke mArga kA kAvyamaya gholI meM sundaratA ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| pariNAmoM meM vairAgya bhAva jagAne ke liye kavi eka hI padya meM kitanI mArmika bAta kahate haiM : 1. vahI 246 2. paramAnanda zAstrIH anekAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 6, pR. 246, vIra sevA maMdira prakAzana /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktiva evaM kRtitva 'zarIra, dhana aura strI kA sAhacarya hI jagat kA mUla hai, saMsAra-baMdhana kA kAraNa hai / ajJAnI jIva inheM apanA iSTa, anukUla evaM priya mAnatA hai / " ve mAge sakhI hone kA upAya batAte hue kahate haiM: "he prANI ! yadi tU sukhI honA cAhatA hai to sukhI hone kA upAya batAtA hUM use dhyAna pUrvaka suna / jagata ke samasta strI, puruSa sukhna cAhate haiM, parantu ye sukha kI prApti kA ThIka sASama nahIM jAnate , 2 cA phAsa suza mAnate haiM / parantu yaha samajha ThIka nahIM hai / dhana sampanna vyakti pratyakSa meM duHkhI dekhe jAte haiM, unheM rAjA, cora, roga, moka, glAni prAdi ke aneka duHkha hote rahate haiN| ve dhana kI prApti hetu nadI, parvata, tAlAba, vana prAdi bhayAnaka sthAnoM meM jAte haiM tathA bhojana, pAnI, nidrA kA bhI parityAga karate haiM / aAvazyakatA par3ane para dUsaroM ke prANoM ko pIr3hA pahuMcAte haiM / itane kaSTa uThAne ke bAda bhI yadi unheM dhana kI prApti nahIM hotI to bahuta adhika duHkha kA anubhava karate haiN| kadAcit puNya yoga se dhana kI prApti ho bhI jAtI hai parantu prasvasthatA ke kAraNa usako bhogane meM asamartha rahate haiM / kadAcit sampUrNa sAdhana mila bhI gaye to bhogoM meM Asakta hokara janma, maraNa, roga prAdi ke duHkhoM ko bhoganA par3atA hai / bhAva yaha hai ki mAnaya jIvana prAdi se anta taka duHkha pUrNa hai, prala : jinamata ko dhAraNa kro| isake dhAraNa kiye binA sukhoM kI prAnti durlabha hai| isI grantha meM dhana ke viSaya meM kavi likhate haiM : mana ke kAraNa bhAI-bhAI paraspara meM lar3ate haiM / dhana kI madhika prApti na hone se sevaka svAmI kA sAtha chor3a dete haiM / dhana ke kAraNa hI cAroM kA bhaya rahatA hai| - - - -- 1. sana dhana triyA jagata kA mUla, jIva raheM inake anukUla / sunau avasthA timako ake, kacha virAgatA prAya sabai // muSajana. taravArSabodha, padya saMkhyA 13, pR. saMkhyA 2, kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, lazkara prkaashn| sukhI huSA pAho jagamAhi, jala meM ghuta kaI nissai nAhi / cAra gati meM phire prazrAma, tAko parama vividha vidhAna // sukha cAhe naranArI save, mAtahi dhanateM so nahiM pAye / paratakhi duHkhI lakhkhe dhanavAna, bhUpa pora na soka gilAna / / mI tamAga saMsavana phire, asana pAma nizA prihrai| paraphU, pII prApati lahai, jina prApati tula prAdhikA hai / / kari nahiM sake mila jo bhoga, zakti hIna ke hoya viyoga / so bhAgana ta bhoge bhoga, vAde janma-maraNa dukha roga / / budhajana : tatvArthabodha, padya saMkhyA 6, 10, 11, 12, pR002 lazkara prakAzana

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyA evaM unakA paricaya zAsaka bhI dhana ke kAraNa bhayabhIta karate rahate haiM / dhana adhika ho jAne para manuSya madyapAna, vezyAgamana, parastrI sevana, mAMsa bhakSaNa, jumA prAvi durvyasanoM kA sevana karane saga jAnA hai| dhana kI gAjita hone rakSA kA bhaga nauda usake vinaSTa ho jAne para dukhoM kA anubhava karatA hai / dhana ke liye nAnA prakAra se krodha, chala mAdi karatA hai| ataH Adi, madhya aura anta kahIM bhI kisI bhI dazA meM dhana sukha kA kAraNa nahIM hai / sukha to pariNAmoM meM samatA bhAvoM ko dhAraNa karane se prApta hotA hai|" samyagdarzana ke bAharI kAraNoM kA digdarzana kavi ne nimna zabdoM meM karAyA hai : jina mahimA jina chavi darasa, dukha bedana sura riddhi / bhava sumaraNa, pAgama zravaNa, kAraNa bAhaya prasiddhi / samyagdarzana ke antaraMga kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue kavi kahate haiM : antaraMga samyaktva kA, karana labdhi hai mUra / tAteM varanU sandhi kU, jaise mASI sUra / / kavi ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM kI upAdeyatA aura anupAdeyatA kA bar3A hI bhAvapUrNa evaM tarkasaMgata varNana kiyA hai / use kavi ke hI zabdoM meM :-- "jisameM para kI apekSA nahIM hai, jo manuema hai, jisakA na mAdi hai aura na manta / apane hI gaNa-paryAyoM meM jo bheda grahaNa nahIM karatA tathA vastu ke zuddha svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai use nizyaya naya kahate haiM | prasatyArtha naya ko vyavahAranaya tathA satyArtha naya ko nizcaya-naya kahate haiM / nizcaya naya ke prAzraya se samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai / vaha baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM hai / isa jIba ne vyabahAra naya se vastu ke svarUpa ko anaMtakAra zraddhA meM liyA aura sunA parantu nizcaya naya ke binA saMsAra meM bhramaNa hI kiyA / prataH ApApara kA bheda vijJAna hone para, svAnubhava ke dvArA samasta vedoM (ligoM) kA athavA bhava-bhramaNa kA uccheda karanA hI yogya hai / " "upayU~ Rta thor3e se dohoM meM jo partha gAMbhIrya hai, usa para se hI pAThaka isa grantha kI upayogitA, mahattA aura viSaya vivecana kI sarala evaM manohara saraNi kA 2. 3. kuSajana : tatvArthoSa, patra sa. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 laskara, prakAzana / vahI, padya sa. 63, ahI, padya sa. 64 / yudhajanaH tatvArthabodha, padya sakhyA 36, 44, pR0 17, 18, 18 lAkara

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva mUlya mAMka sakeMge aura kabi ke bhAvuka hRdaya kI gativiSi ko bhI pahicAna skeNge|" isa prakAra yaha sArA hI andha saiddhAntika vivecana sundara, sugama evaM lalita sUktiyoM, vividha anuprAsoM Adi ko liye hue haiM / tatvArtha bodha kA bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana tatvArthabodha kI bhASA aja mizrita rAjasthAnI hai, kintu usakA rUpa sAhityika hai| ataH usameM zrAya 5 kriyApadoM para adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / vidhAna-chanda-zailo rAmana racanA mukhya rUpa se muktaka dohoM meM hai aura chanda zAstra kI dRSTi se dohe prAyaH nirdoSa haiN| vivecyaracanA meM kavi ne dohA chanda ke atirikta soraThA, caupAI, chappaya, aDilla, kuNDaliyA, gAthA aura gItA chandoM ke prayoga kiye haiN| prasAda aura mAdhurya guNa se racanA paripUraNaM hai / isa prakAra ke adhyayana se vidita hotA hai ki kadi kA bhASA para adbhuta adhikAra pA / ve bar3e se bar3e gaMbhIra bhAva ko eka paMkti meM spaSTatA aura pUrNatA ke sAtha vyakta kara sakate the| 'isameM gommaTasAra jIvAr3a ke prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa grantha ko kavivara ne vi.saM. 1879 meM rAjA jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM banAkara pUrNa kiyaa|' 11-pava-saMgraha (sphuTapada) 1880-61 vi0saM0 'kavivara budhajana kA pada saMgraha bhI vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM se yukta hai / isa saMgraha meM 243 pada haiM / ina padoM meM anubhUtiyoM kI tInatA, layAtmaka, saMvedanazIlatA aura samAhita bhAvanA kA pUrA prastisva vidyamAna hai| inake padoM meM svAnubhUti evaM adhyAtma kI tala-spazinI chAyA vidyamAna hai| bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha paramAnanda zAstrI : anekAnta varSa 11, kiraNa 6, sapA. jhugala kizora mukhtAra, dhIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA (sahAranapura), vi0sa 2006 paramAnanda zAstrI, varSa 11, kiraNa 6 pR0 246 / saMvat aThArA saM virSa, adhika guNyAsI vegA / kArtika sudi zazi paMcamI, pUraNa anya prazeSa || mukhasa barsa jayapura tahAM, napa jayasiMha mahArAja / budhajana kono anya tahAM, nija para ke hita kAja / / budhajanaH tasvArthabodha, padya saMkhyA 13, 14 pR.sa 277 prakA* kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, sskr|

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budhajana dvArA nivaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya 63 racanA ucca koTi kI hai| inake padoM kA kavitva pakSa va gaiya pakSa donoM hI paripuSTa hai' 1 | dArzanika tatvoM ko samajhAne ke liye hamAre kaviyoM ne jo pada aura bhajanoM kA mAdhyama aMgIkAra kiyA hai, usake aneka kAraNa haiM / eka to yaha ki pada meM kavitA ke sAtha meM geya tatva sammilita rahatA hai / yaha saMgIta, padoM ko rAga-laya zrIra dAna kI aparimita saMbhAvanAeM pradAna karatA hai / dUsare yaha ki pada kA vistAra sImita hotA hai ataH saMkSepa meM saba kucha prA jAtA hai / tIsare yaha ki uparyukta vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa pada AsAnI se yAda ho jAtA / ataH adhyAtma-tatva ke ciMtana-manana meM sahAyatA milatI hai / eka bAta aura ina padoM kA dainika jIvana meM eka mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai aura inakA spaSTa prayojana hai / hamAre AdhyAtmika jIvana ko yaha paraMparA rahI hai ki prAyaH pratyeka dharma graura ke vyakti apane-apane dharma sthAnoM meM prAtaH sAyaM ekatrita hote the, vahAM zAstra pravacana sunate the aura anta meM stuti padoM kA gAna hotA thA / dharma kA yaha atyanta sundara, sarasa aura grAhya rUpa thaa| Aja bhI jina maMdiroM meM zAstra sabhAeM hotI haiM, vahAM ve pada yA isI prakAra ke anya pada gAye jAte haiM / isa prakAra kA bhajana gAta gAMdhI jI kI prArthanA sabhAoM kA mukhya aMga thaa| hindI jaina kavi 'daulatarAma' ne dhArmika pravacana kA eka aisA sundara citra khIMcA hai ki mana mugdha ho jAtA hai / sAdharmI jana milate hai, pravacana kI amRta rUpI jhar3I lagatI hai- aisI ki samagra pAvasa- phIke par3a jAMca 'ina padoM kI bhAvAtmaka pRSTha bhUmi, vicAroM kI sAtviktA zrAtmaniSTha anubhUtiyoM kI gaharAI, zrabhivyakti kI sudharAI, saralatA, zAlInatA aura sarasa geyatA saba bhabya / ina saba tatvoM kA samanvaya hI pAThaka ke mana meM lokottara zrAnaMda kI sRSTi karatA hai / budhajana ke padoM meM bhAvAveza, unmukta pravAha, prAntarika saMgIta kalpanA kI tulikA dvArA bhAva citroM kI kamanIyatA, prAnazva vivhalatA, rasAnubhUti kI gaMbhIratA evaM ramaNIyatA kA pUrA samanvaya bidyamAna hai / kavi 'buvajana' dvArA racita padoM meM unake jIvana aura vyaktitva ke sambandha meM aneka jAnakArI kI bA prApta hotI haiN| inake samasta pada gema haiM / 1. 2. hI vagaira DaoN0 nemicandra zAstro jyotiSAcAryaH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako ThAtA paraMparA bhAga-4, 0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvat pariSada prakAzana, pR0 2 jaina DaoN0 rAjakumAra : adhyAtma padAvalI, 1021-22, bhAratIyatA hai / prakAzana /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva inakI racanApnoM meM rUpaka malakAra ke darzana hote haiM / yathAnijapura meM Aja macI holI, nija pura meM | umagi cidAnanda jI ita prAye, uta pAI samakti gorI / / 1 / / loksAja kula kAni gaMvAI, kAna gulAla bharI jhorI / samakti kezara raMga banAyo, pArita kI pika chorI / / 2 / / gAvata bhajapA gAna' manohara, anahada jharasoM varasyorI / dekhana bhAye "yudhajana" bhauge, nirakhyo khyAla pranakhorI / / 3 / / pada saMgraha bhakti rasa gItoM se protaprota eka saMkalana mAtra hai, jise gAkara kavi ne zAnti kA anubhava kiyA hogaa| jana jagata meM "budhajana" ke padoM kA atyadhika pracAra hai| aba taka unake 265 pada prApta ho cuke haiM / padoM ke pradhyayana se patA calatA hai ki ve ucca prANI ke kavi the / prArabhA-paramAtmA evaM saMsAra sambandhI cintana kaI varSoM taka karate rahe dhaura asI kA parizIlana bhI kiyA karate the| ' unhoMne anya kaviyoM kI bhAMti prAma-darzana kiye the / 'jaina sAhitya meM rUpakoM kI * aTA kevala "budhajana" kI racanAtroM meM hI nahIM, unake pUrvavartI prapanA bhASA ke kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM pracuratA se milatI hai| ina vicAroM kI racanA paura mAtmAnubhUti kI preraNA pAThakoM ke samakSa aisA citra upasthita karatI hai, jisase pAThaka prAsmAnubhUti meM lIna hue binA nahIM rahatA 1 saMsAra meM manuSya apanI parthazakti maura jana zakti kA bar3A bharosA rakhatA hai| ki samaya pAne para hamArA dhana aura mAlApisA, putra-mitra, strI evaM parijana vagairaha avazya hI hamAre kAma prAaiMge aura vipatti 'hamArA sAtha deNge| dhanAdi ko vaha apanI nikaTatama vastue mAnatA hai, parantu samaya para vahI manuSya dekhatA hai ki usakA paisA aura usake svajana-parijana koI bhI apatti ke sAthI nahIM hai--eka bhI aisA nahIM hai jo usakI vipatti ko halakA va use mAlUma par3a jAtA hai ki jagata meM jisa dhana aura svajana-parijana apanA kahakara udghoSa karatA thA unameM se eka bhI usakA nahIM hai / vipatti meM yadi koI sahAyatA karatA hai| use zAnti-sukha aura vaha hai usakI mAtmA kA bhAva karma / raMga zIrSaka se "ahiMsA vANI" patrikA meM prakA0 varSa 7, hindI para samaha, pR0 160 vi0 jana atizaya * bhavana, jayapura, maI 1965 bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 saM0 277

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya prAtma-pariNAma, zAnti, saMtoSa aura samatA prAdi hI apane kahe jA sakate haiM kyoMki ye bhAva prAtmA ke svabhAva haiM jo niraMtara prAtmA ke sAtha rahane vAle haiM / dhanasvajana-parijana prAtmA se pRthaka haiM aura hara haiM / iti jo vasta pAnI nahIM hai, usa para pratIti rakhamA vyartha hai aura prazatA kI sUcaka hai| kavivara budhajana ne nimna likhita pada meM isI dharmataska ke mahattva kA digdarzana karAyA hai| pada kartA ke zabdoM meM dekhiye ve kahate haiM ki "hameM dharma para hI samyaka pratIti aura apanatva kA bhAva rakhanA cAhiye / " 'dharma vina koI nahIM apanA / ' sukha-saMpati-dhana, thira nahiM jama meM jaise rena sapanA / / 1 / / hai prAsman ! saMsAra meM dharma hI apanI vastu hai aura isa para hI bharosA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki samaya Ane para yaha vipatti meM sahAyaka hogaa| jagat kI samasta sukha-sAmagrI aura prartha kA kucha bhI ThikAnA nahIM hai / jisa prakAra rAtri kA svapna jAgane para mithyA nikala pAtA hai, usI prakAra jagat kA yaha vaibhava bhI kSarae nazvara hai aura rAtri ke svapna ke samAna na apane meM kucha artha rakhatA hai aura na isa mAramA ko samaya para kucha sahAyatA pahucA sakatA hai / vAstava meM dharma ke binA koI apanA nahIM hai / mAge "budhajana" kahate haiM ki hamArA vartamAna pratIta ke dharmAcaraNa kA phala hai aura bhaviSya kA nirmANa hamAre dharmAcaraNa para nirbhara hai| kisane spaSTa zabdoM meM vaha dharmAcaraNa kI upayogitA para prakApA DAlate haiM : prAge kiyA so pAyA bhAI yAhI hai niranA / prana jo karegA so pAvegA, tAteM dharma karanA / / he prAsman / yaha spaSTa hai ki pUrva janma meM jo kucha tumane dharma kA pAlana kiyA thA usake anusAra ho tumheM vartamAna meM sukha sAmagrI prApta huI hai aura vartamAna meM jaisA dharmAcaraNa karoge tadanusAra hI bhaviSya meM sAdhana-sAmagrI milegI isaliye purNa zAMti evaM sukha prApta karane ke liye kevala dharma kA hI pAlana karanA cAhiye 1 kavivara vudhajana loka dRSTi se bhI dharmAcaraNa kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue kahate haiM ki: aise saba saMsAra kahata hai, dharma kiye tirnaa| parapIr3A visanA dika seye, naraka virSa paranA / / samasta saMsAra isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki jIva, dharma ke dvArA hI saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hotA hai isake viparIta jo dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai aura vyasana Adi kara sevana karatA hai vaha naraka meM jAtA hai aura prasIma duHkhoM ko uThAtA humA saMsAra samudra meM gote lagAtA rahatA hai / kavivara kahate haiM : mAzubha karma kA udaya rAjA aura raMka kisI ko bhI nahIM chor3atA hai| dekhiye :

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva nRpa ke ghara sArI sAmagrI tAke jvara sapanA / aru dAridrI kehU jvara hai pAra udaya apanA / / rAjA bhI isa saMsAra meM sukhI nahIM hai aura daridra bhI sukhI nahIM hai / rAjA ke yahAM yadyapi saMpUrNa sukha-sAmagrI vidyamAna hai phira bhI tRSNA ke kAraNa vaha sAmagrI use duHkha aura saMtApa hI pahuMcA rahI hai| daridrI so apane apabha rAma ke kAraNa abhAva meM duHkhI hai hI / kavivara budhajana Age kahate haiM : vipatti meM koI sagA sambandhI bhI sAtha nahIM detA / saMsAra svArthI hai usase sahAyatA kI prAzA karanA durAzA mAtra hai / aise avasaroM para dharma kA hI kevala bharosA kiyA jA sakatA hai / unake hI zabdoM meM suniye : "nAtI to svAratha ke sAthI tohi vipati bharanA / vana-giri-saritA-pragani juddha meM dharma hI kA shrnnaa|| mAtman / tere jitane bhI sambandhi-jana hai, jinheM tU apanA batalAtA hai, saba svArtha ke sAthI haiM / apanA kAma nikala jAne para tumhArA koI bhI sAtha dene vAlA nahIM hai / vipattiyoM kA bojha tujhe hI udyAnA hogaa| vana meM, parvatoM para nadI aura agnikAMDoM meM tapA yuddha jaise avasaroM para kevala dharma hI tumheM zaraNa de sakatA hai| kavibara ke zabdoM meM hI dharma kI saMkSipta rUpa rekhA dekhiye : cita budhajana' saMtoSa dhAranA, paracitA hrnaa| vipati par3e to samatA rakhanA, paramAtama japanA / / prAtman / citta meM sadeva saMtoSa dhAraNa karanA / dUsaroM kI prAkulatA ko dUra karanA, vipati kAla meM vyAkula na hokara samatA dhAraNa karanA aura niraMtara paramAtmA kA puNya smaraNa karanA yahI dharma hai / jagata meM dharma ke sivAya koI apanA nahIM hai| 'dharma bina koI nahIM apanA' isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki hindI ke jana kaviyoM ke bhajana va pada sadiyoM se hamArI amUlya-nidhi rahe haiN| unhoMne hamAre jIvana ko prati kSae nayA utthAna diyA hai| isameM aparaMpAra zAstrIya maMthana supuSta par3A hai / kavivara budhajana samajhAnA cAhate haiM ki manuSya paryAya pAkara use viSaya bhoga meM bitA denA bahuta bar3I murkhatA hai / kaisA cubhatA hA udAharaNa diyA hai : yoM bhava pAya viSaya sukha senA gajabaki Idhana DhonA ho|' isa citra ko prAMkhoM ke mAge sar3A kIjiye / kaisA mUrkha hogA vaha puruSa jo rAjasI hAthI ko Idhana Dhone ke kAma meM prayukta kare / prAdhyAtmika pava to anya kaviyoM ne bhI likhe haiM, parantu "budhajana" ke bhajana apanI alaga vizeSatA rakhate haiM / dhAnatarAya, daulatarAma, bhAgacanda Adi ke samAna

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya "vudhajana" ke bhajana bhI prAnanda-dAyaka hai / kaSi ke prAdhyAtmika bhana na unakI vairAgya bhAdhanA kA mUrtimAna pratibiMdha hai / bhajanoM meM kavi ne rAga-rAginiyoM ke cunAva kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai / pratyeka pada yAdhyAtmika rasa se prota-prota hai aura dhyAna se par3hane-sunane vAloM para vairAgya kI amiTa chApa chor3e binA nahIM rahate saca to yaha hai ki-kavi ne bhajanoM ke bahAne jaina dharma kI prAtmA ho sIla kara rakha dI hai| kavivara budhajana ke ye prAdhyAtmika bhajana mAja bhI utane hI upayogI evaM preraNA dAyaka haiM jitane pUrvakAla meM ye 1 'isa jar3avAda ke yuga meM aAja aise bhajanoM kI utanI hI mAvazyakatA hai jitanI registAna ke pravAsI ko jala kI prAvazyakatA hotI hai| budhajana kavi kA sAhitya mAdhyAtmika rasa se grota prota hai aura dhyAna se par3hane sunane vAloM para vairAgya kI amiTa chApa chor3e binA nahIM rhtaa| budhajana ne mumukSa jagat kA mahAna upakAra kiyA hai / sAhitya svayaM eka kalA hai aura usa kalA ko dUsarI kalAnoM ke abhAva meM dabAyA nahIM jA sktaa| uttama sAhitya ko par3hakara hRdama meM jo guda gudI aura anubhUti hotI hai, vaha budhajana ke pada sAhitya meM hai|' budhajana ne mukhyata: AdhyAtmika para likhe haiN| ina padoM ke nirmANa meM kavi kA eka mAtra lakSya hai--mAnava kA viveka jAgRta ho va vaha apanA jIvana nIti pUrvaka vyatIta kare / kavi ke samasta pada zAna mUlaka va udabodhanakArI haiN| isa viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue jaina mo. rAjakumAra likhate haiM-'kavi ke jJAna mUlaka udbodhanakArI padoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM vastutatva ko pratipAdita karane ke liye jo upamAe alaMkAra aura pratIka liye gaye haiM, unameM vyAvahArikatA kA puTa hai| samasta sAhityikatA aura sarasatA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhakara bhI kavi ne prayatna kiyA hai ki ina padoM kI prAdhyAtmikatA sarva sAdhAraNa ke liye sulabha ho, isaliye inakI alI, abhivyaMjanA aura upamA bar3I sIdhI bhora huvaya grAhI hai / prAyaH pratyeka dArzanika sthApanA ke samarthana meM vyAvahArika hetu aura ujAgara dRSTAnta prastuta kiye gaye haiM 1*2 ___ udAharaNoM se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki padAvalI kI bhASA meM vizeSaNa aura saMjJAe bhokArAnta haiM / isameM bhUtakAlika mokArAnta kriyAe, sarvanAma aura parasarga ke anekAneka rUpa milate haiM jo inakI racanAoM ko spaSTatayA brama bhASA se prabhAvita ghoSita karate haiM kintu yaha prabhAva hI hai / padoM kI mUla bhASA nizcaya' hI hindI hai| 1. 2. ga. lAla bahAdura zAstrIH pradhyAtma pada saMgraha ko bhUmikA, pR05| baina 0 rAjakumAra : madhyAtma pakSApatI bhAga-2, pRSTha 16, bhAratIya sAmapITha kAzI prakAzana, 1964 /

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kavivara buvajana : vyaktitva eva kRtitva 12-paMcAstikAya-bhASA (1862 vi0saM0) 7. paMcAstikAya bhASA vi0 saM0 1892) jayapura ke tatkAlIna dIvAna saMghI amaracanda kI preraNA se kavivara budhajana ne isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| yaha kavi kI anUdita kRti hai / yaha jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ke pratipAdaka prAkRta bhASA ke mahAna graMtha 'paMcAstikAya' kA hindI padyAnuvAca hai / isa kRti meM 552 padya haiM / yaha eka dIrghakAya racanA hai| ___ yaha AcArya kunda kunda ke paMcAstikAya (prAkRta) kA hindI padyAnuvAda to hai, para isameM kavi kI apanI maulikatA ke bhI darzana hote haiN| isameM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM meM se mukhyataH SaT dravyoM kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / jIva, pudgala dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya prora AkAzAstikAya ina pAMca prastikAya dravyoM ko bahupradezI evaM kAla drazya ko eka pradezI kahA gayA hai| saMpUrNa graMtha darzanazAstra kI gahana vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai| isameM pratipAdita vastutatva kA sAra isa prakAra hai : vizva arthAt anAdi-anaMta svayaM siddha sat aisI pranaMtAnaMta vastuoM kA (chahoM dravya kA) samudAya / pratyeka vastu anutpanna evaM avinAzI hai / pratyeka bastu meM meM anaMta zaktiyAM athavA guNa haiM jo akAlika nitya haiM / pratyeka vastu pratikSaNa apane kArya karatI hai arthAta navIna dazAe'-avasthAe-parzAyeM dhAraNa karatI hai tathApi ke paryAyeM aisI maryAdA meM rahakara hotI haiM ki vastu apanI jAti ko nahIM chor3atI arthAt usakI zaktiyoM meM se eka bhI kama adhika nahIM hotI / vastupoM kI (dravyoM ko) bhinnabhinna zaktiyoM kI apekSA se unakI (dasyoM kI) khaha jAtiyAM haiM-jIpa dravya', pudgala dravya, dharma dravya, adharma dravya, prakAza drazya aura kAla dravya jisameM sadA mAna, darzana, cAritra, sukha prAvi anantaguNa (zaktiyo) hoM vaha jIba dravya haiM, jisameM sadA varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza prAdi ananta guNa hoM, vaha pudgala dravya hai zeSa cAra banyoM ke viziSTa guNa anukrama se gati-hetutva, sthiti hetutva, avagAhana hetutva tathA vartanA hetusva haiM / ina chaha navyoM meM se prathama pAMcadravya sat hone se tathA zakti athavA zakti apekSA se vizAla kSetra vAle hone se prastikAya haiM, kAla dravya 'asti' hai kintu kAya nahIM hai| yaha sarva dravya-anaMta jIvadravya, anaMtAnaMta pudgaladravya, eka dharmadravya, eka adharma ddhya, eka akANa dravya tathA asaMkhya kAma dravya svayaM paripUrNa haiM aura anya dravyoM se bilkula svataMtra haiM, ve paramArthataH kabhI eka dUsare se milate nahIM haiM, bhinna hI rahate haiM / deva, manUSya, tiryanca, naraka, ekendriya, dvIndriya, mAdi jIvoM meM jIva pudagala mAnoM mila gaye hoM aisA lagatA hai kintu vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai, ve bilakula pRSaka haiM / sarda jIva anaMtazAnadarzana, sukha, ala kI nidhi hai tathApi, para dvArA unheM kucha sukha-duHkha nahIM hotA tathApi saMsArI ajJAnI jIva anAdi kAla se svataH azAna paryAya rUpa pariemita hokara

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya apane jJAnAnanda svabhAva ko, paripUrNatA ko, svAtaMtrya ko evaM astitva ko bhI bhUla rahA hai aura para padArthoM ko sukha duHkha kA kAraNa mAnakara unake prati rAga-Sa karatA rahatA hai, jIva ke aise bhAvoM ke nimisa se pudagala svataH zAnAvaraNAdi karma paryAya rUpa parigamisa hokara jIva ke sAtha saMyoga meM Ate haiM aura isaliye pranAdi kAla se jIva ko paudgalika deha kA saMyoga hotA rahatA hai| parantu jIva aura deha ke saMyoga meM bhI jIma aura pudagala bilakula pRthaka haiM tathA unake kArya bhI eka dUsare se bilakula bhinna evaM nirapekSa haiN| jIva kevala bhrAnti ke kAraNa hI deha kI dazA se tathA iSTa aniSTa para padArthoM se apane ko sukhI chuHkhI mAnatA hai| vAstava meM apane sukha-gaNa kI vikArI paryAya rUpa pariNamita hokara jIva ke sAtha sayoga meM pAsa hai aura isaliye anAdikAla se jIva ko podgalika deha kA saMyoga hotA rahatA hai / parantu jIba aura deha ke saMyoga se bhI jIva aura pudagala sarvathA pRthak haiM tathA unake kArya bhI eka dusare se bilakula bhinna evaM nirapekSa haiN| jIva kevala bhrAnti ke kAraNa hI deha kI damA tathA iSTa aniSTa para padArthoM se apane ko sukhI duHkhI mAnatA hai| vAstava meM apane sukha guNa kI vikArI paryAya rUpa pariNamita hokara vaha anAdikAla se dukhI ho rahA hai| kavi ne biSaya ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki aba taka jIva vastu svarUpa ko nahIM samajha pAtA taba tapha anya lAkhoM prayatnoM se bhI mokSa kA upAya usake hAtha nahIM lagatA / isIliye isa grantha meM sarva prathama paMcAstikAya aura nava padArthoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisase jIva bastu tattva ko samajhakara mokSa mArga ke mula mana samyagdarzana ko prApta hoN| prastikAyoM aura papAyoM ke nirUpaNa ke pazcAt isameM mokSa mArga sUcaka-cUlikA hai| yaha antima adhikAra zAstra rUpI mandira para rana kalaza kI bhauti zobhA detA hai| sarvaprathama bhAcArya kunda-kunda ne anya jIvoM kI bhalAI ke liye isa pranya kI racanA kI aura isake rahasya ko jAnakara prAcArya pramRtacandra ne isakI saMskRta TIkA kI aura usakI hindI vanikA hemarAja ne likhii| ina racanAmoM kA manana kara 'budhajana' ne hindI meM inakA padyAnuvAda kiyA / racanA kA adhyayana karane meM mithyAtva kA nAza hokara samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai aura samyaktva kI prApti se prANI saMsAra samudra se pAra hote haiN| grantha kI mahAnatA kavivara budhajana ke zabdoM meM-"isakI mahimA kA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| maiM mana, vacana, kAya se isakI vaMdanA karatA hai|"prnth racanA ke preraka saMdhI amaracanda dIvAna kA upakAra mAnate hue kavi kahatA hai--"saMdhI amaracanda dIvAna ne kyA pUrvaka isake hindI padyAnuvAda kI mujhe preraNA dii| maiMne zraddhA pUrvaka isa racanA kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA / " anya ke anta meM ye lapatA 1. parakArana kudakurava balAmI, tAkA rahasya amRtacaMdra mAni /

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kavivara gubhAna : jAnisa ra hatida pragaTa karate hue likhate haiM---yadi isake hindI padyAnuvAda meM zruTiyAM hoM to vijana mUla granma kA avalokana kara zuddha kara leN|" "kavi ke samaya meM jayapura ke zAsaka savAI rAmasiMha the / kavi ne yaha racanA prAsoja sudI dazamI guruvAra bi. saM. 1862 meM pUrNa kI thii|" jayapura se prakAzita mAsika patrikA "hitaiSI" se isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki "budhajana" ne apane jIvana kAla meM do sAsakoM kA zAsana kAla jayapura meM dekhA thaa| 13. varddhamAna purANa sUcanikA vi0 saM0 1865 8 vaDhaM mAna purANa sUcanikA [vi0 0 1895] ____ yaha kadhi kI antima racanA hai / isameM tIrthakara mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / puravA bhIla kI paryAya se mahAvIra kI paryAya tapha isa jIva ne jo-jo pramukha paryAyeM [33] prApta kI unakA sapramANa kramabaddha varNana hai / isa laghu kRti meM kevala 80 padya haiN| rapanA ke anta meM kavi ne apanA nAma va racanA kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| sakala kIrti muni ne saMskRta bhASA meM "varddhamAna purANa sUcanikA" grantha kI racanA kI thii| usI kI gadyAtmaka hindI vanikA par3hakara tathA usI se kama bhAga lekara merI buddhi use pAbaddha karane kI huI ise maiMne vi0 saM0 1865 meM pragahana kRSNA tRtIyA guruvAra ko pUrNa kiyA / TokAracI saMskRpta vAnI, hemarAja vananikA pAni // 577 // kareM samyaktva mizyAsva hareM, bhagasAgara lolA te tara / / mahimA mukha se kahI na jAya, 'budhajana' banne manavayakAya // 27 // sAMgahI amaracaMda bIvAna, moka' kaho yAvara mAna / manda artha yo maiM laha.yo, bhASA karana tavai umagayo ||576 // kavi buSajama : paMcAstikAya bhASA, pazca saMkhyA 577, 578, 576 / bhaktiprerita racanA prAnI, sikho paDhau vAMco bhaSi kAnI / jo kacha yAmeM pramukha nihAro, mUla graMthalakhi tAhi sudhaaro|| kavi buSamama : paMcAstikAya bhASA, padya saMkhyA 500 / rAmasiMha bhUpa jayapura base, sudi mAsoja gucha dina baseM / ugaragosa meM ghadi hai mATha, tA vivasa meM rasmo pATha / / kami dudhajana : paMcAstikAya bhASA, patra saMkhyA // 11 // sakala phIti muniracyo, vanikA tAphI bA~cI / sarva Iva ko rakhana, suddhi "suSamana" kI rAMcI / /

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budhajana dvArA nibaddha kRtiyAM evaM unakA paricaya kavi meM anya ke anta meM loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara likhA hai "rAjA, deNa, nagara, grAma, ghara aura pratyeka vyakti kA maMgala ho / nagara meM sadA nRtya, gAna prAdi manoraMjana ke kArya calate rheN| sabake ghara dhana-dhAnya se paripUrNa hoM, sama loga dharmI anoM kI saMgati kareM, jisase pApoM kA nAza ho va saba loga prabhu kA guNa smaraNa karate rheN|" uparokta kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi kI yaha antima racanA hai / kyoMki isameM loka maMgala kI jisa bhAvanA kA ullekha kavi ne kiyA hai use dekhane se lagatA hai ki unhoMne apane antima kSaNoM meM isakI racanA kI hogI yA vRddhAvasthA meM isakI racanA kI hogii| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki isake bAda kI koI racanA kavi kI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH merI sammati meM yaha kavi kI antima racanA hai / "budhajana" ne hindI bhASA meM apane vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA kara vADmaya kI vRddhi kI hai / unhoMne samAja kalyANa kI preraNA se hI kAvya kI racanA kI hai / bhoga-vilAsa aura rAga-dveSa ke pradarzanAtmaka zRgAra prAdi rasoM se kavi kA koI prayojana nahIM / grantha ke avalokana se kavibara budhajana kI kAvya pratibhA bhaura siddhAnta-jJAna kA acchA paricaya milatA hai| ke cAroM anuyogoM (vedoM) ke vidvAna the, kavi to dhe hii| racanA kI bhASA se avagata hotA hai ki usa samaya hindI kI khar3I bolI kA prArambha ho yagA thaa| kavi ne yaha racanA apane kAsa kI hindI kI khar3I cholI meM kI hai / racanA sarasa aura sarala hai / 14. yogasAra bhASA (vi0 saM0 1865) 9. pogasAra bhASA vi. sa. 1865) ___ prAcArya yogIndradeva dvArA racita apabhraMza racanA ke mAdhAra para kavivara bUdhajana ne isakA bhASAnuvAda hindI padyoM meM kiyaa| yaha racanA prArama-saMbodhana hetu racI gayI hai / isakA viSaya prAdhyAtmika hai / isameM nizcaya pora vyavahAra naya kI sApekSatA dikhAI gaI hai| nizcayanaya mAtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko batAne vAlA hai, para vyavahAra naya ke binA nizcaya naya kA varNana nahIM ho sakatA, tathApi apane uganIsA meM ghATi, pAMca saMvat ghara magahana / kRSNa tRtIyA huvo prapa pUrana sura guru dina / kavi budhajana : barDamAma purANa sUtranikA, pajha saM0 77-78 hastalikhita prasi, jayapura maMgala ho napa deza nagara, grAmaiM jana-sama-ghara / 1,

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kavivara budhajana : jatiAla evaM zaniva zuddha svarUpa [paramAtmA ke sanmukha hone ke liye vyavahAra naya kI koI upayogitA bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha racanA utkRSTa nahIM hai, tathApi viSaya AdhyAtmika hone se upAdena hai / grantha ke anta meM kavi apanI laghutA prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM: ___ "maiMne apanaza ke anya yogasAra ke prAdhAra se bhanyajanoM ke hitArtha ise hindI bhASA meM likhA hai / yadi isameM kisI prakAra kI truTi ho to sajjana-jana isameM mughAra kara le / " __ isa racanA meM kavi ne apane nAma va racanAkAla kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| jisase spaSTa hai ki kavi ne ise sAvana zuklA tRtIyA maMgalabAra vi0 saM0 1865 ko pUrNa kiyA / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki "varddhamAna purANa sUcanikA" aura "ghogasAra bhASA" ho kavi kA antima racanAeM haiN| hoya savA tagAma, pAna-pana rahai hossbhr|| karo supAtro hAna, iSTa prabhu pUja rachAvo / dharmAtama saMga karo, haro atha prabhuguna gAvo / kaSi budhajana : vasaMmAna purANa sUcanikA, pala sAMsthA 71, 80 hastalikhita prati, jypur| micaya paramAtama barasa, pina vyohAra mhoh| paramAtama anubhausamaya, naya jyohAra na koii| sudhajana : yogasAra bhASA, hastalikhita prati, pana saM. 106, di. jaima laNakaraNa pAyA maMdira, jayapura / jogasAra anusAra yaha, bhASA bhavi hitakAra, dohA budhajana nija race, sajjana sehu sudhAra // 110 / /

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tRtIya khaNDa prathama adhyAya 1. kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM Upara se dikhAI dene vAlI bhitratA rUpagata hai / sabhI bhASAoM ko apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM haiM / kintu udgama aura vikAsa kI dRSTi se sAmAnyataH sabhI bhAratIya dhAyeM bhASAoM meM ekatA lakSita hotI hai kyoMki unakA mUla srota eka hai| isI prakAra lagabhaga una sabhI prAdhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAyoM kA udagama kAla dasavIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa kahA jAtA hai / itanA hI nahIM, sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM bhI eka jaisI sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika cetanA kA svara sunAI detA hai / madhya yugIna saMtoM kI vANI aura bhakti sAhitya bhArya bhASazyoM kI hI dharohara nahIM hai apitu dakSiNa bhArata kI bhASAoM tamila, telugu, kannar3a aura malayAlama meM bhI unakI racanA pracura mAtrA meM huI hai| rUr3hiyoM ke prati vidroha, naI paramparAoM ke nirmANa tathA prema aura zrRMgAra ke aMkana kI pravRtti sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya kI mUla ghArA na rahI hai / bhAratIya sAhitya ko dharma saMpradAya aura jAti ke AdhAra para vibhakta karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki bhASAgata bhitratA tathA jAtIya saMskAroM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI hamAre deza kA sAhitya hamAre jIvana zrora saMskRti kA prativimba hai / bhASA aura lipi ke UparI AvaraNa ko sahaja usake samagra rUpa ko dekheM, to usakI mUlabhUta ekatA kA lakSya boSa ho sakatA hai / kisI deza kI saMskRti kA adhyayana, usa deza ke nivAsiyoM ke mAnasika sAmAjika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana kA samaveta grahakalana usake sampUrNa rUpa ko samajhane ke lie deza kI mAdi yugIna avasthA se lekara mAdhunika yuga taka kI bhavasthA ke kramika vikAsa ko vibhinna yugoM meM pracalita pravRtiyoM tathA paramparAmoM ke prakAza meM dekhane kI tathA usake aMgoM para dRSTi rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai / yadyapi saMskRti ke aneka aMga ho sakate haiM kintu sAmAnyataH cAra upAdAna pramukha mAne jAte hai / saMskRti ke mukhya cAra aMga hai : (1) sAhitya aura bhASA / (2) dharma aura darzana |

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74 kavivara budhajana ! vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (3) rAjanItika tathA bhaugolika paristhitiyAM / (4) sAmAjika pristhitiyaaN| yahA~ sAhitya zabda kA artha saMkucita na hokara vyApaka hai / usake antargata kebala sRjanAtmaka sAhitya hI nahIM, dhArmika, dArzanika, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika sabhI prakAra kA sAhitya hai jo kSaNika, sastA manoraMjana na dekara zAsvata satya satyama, zivam, sundaram kA udghATana karane meM samartha hotA hai, vahI sarasAhitya hai / "jaina sAhitya adhyAtma-pradhAna sAhitya hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza', prAntIya bhASAeM aura hindI meM jo jana sAhitya mAja prApta hai, usakA mUla svara adhyAtma hai / dhArmika krAntikAM sAhitya kI dizA sadA se badalatI rahI haiM aura aisA na sAhitya meM bhI humA hai|" eka bAta jo dhyAna dene kI hai, vaha yaha hai ki prAyaH eka graMtha ko lekara hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki usameM kevala rAjanaitika yA prAdhyAtmika sthitiyoM kA hI vizleSaNa hai / usa graMtha meM anya prakAra kI sthitiyoM tathA tasvoM kA vivecana hotA hai / ataH hama samasta sahara5 kA vargIsa, mAnanitA jika, dhArmika prAdi rUpa meM na karake dUsare prakAra se kreNge| yaha vargIkaraNa samaya tathA pravRtti donoM ke vicAra se hogA / saMskRti se sambandhita samasta sAhitya ko hama nimna varSoM meM bAMTa sakate haiN| [1] vaidika-sAhitya / [2] laukika sAhitya ! [3] paurANika-sAhitya / [4] stotra-sAhitya / [5] darzana-sAhitya / [6] puruSArtha-sAhitya / [7] sRjanAtmaka-sAhitya / jisa dina hama prAcIna bhASAoM meM nibaddha sAhitya ko bhUla pAyeMge, usI dina se hamArA patana hone lgegaa| saMskRti kyA hai ? dharma kyA hai ? aura unakA dainaMdina ke jIvana meM kaise upayoga ho sakatA hai, ityAdi bAtoM kA bodha hameM prAcIna sAhitya se hI hotA hai| isase hameM mAnasika tRpti to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI zAsvata sukha aura usakI prApti ke sAdhanoM kA bodha bhI hameM isI sAhitya se hotA hai / 1. jana DaoN0 ravIndrakubhAra : kavivara banArasIdAsa jIvanI aura kRtistra, pRSTha 46, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana /

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka eva sAhityaka adhyayana 75 "yadi vicAra kara dekhA jAya to dharma eka hai aura use jIvana meM utArane kA mArga bhI eka hI hai parantu vizva meM jo aneka dharma dikhAI dete haiM aura unameM paraspara jo antara hai usako dArzanika pRSTha bhUmi kA jJAna hama isa sAhitya kA gahana maMthana kiye binA nahIM kara skte|" kavivara khupama jisa TIEET) vara meM zAdisa racanA kI, usakA itihAsa DaoN0 jArja e0 priyarsana ke anusAra nimna prakAra hai : "isa prakAra jayapura kI sImA ke nikaTa mAravAr3a kSetra meM bolI jAne vAlI mAravAr3I bhASA mAravAr3a prAnta meM dadArI kahalAtI hai| yaha jayapurI bhASA kA eka nAma hai kyoMki isa para jayapurI kA gaharA prabhAva hai / vAstava meM yaha mizrita bhASA hai aura jayapura sImA ke nikaTa hone se mAravAr3I kI apekSA saMbhavataH jayapurI ke adhika nikaTa hai / hU~DhArI ke bhI do bheda haiM / [1] caTTAnI pahAr3iyoM kI eka zreNI jo karIba-karIba sampUrNa pokhAvATI (jayapura pradeza) ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatI hai / uttara pUrSI dizA meM aura usI ke pAsa pUrSI dizA meM pahAr3iyoM ke pUrva kI aura kA bhAga dadArI kahalAtA hai| yaha eka aisA nAma hai jo pahale-pahala rAjapUtAne ke eka vizAla bhAga ke liye prayukta thA, jabaki pazcima kI ora bAjAra nAmadhArI pradeza, jisameM sampUrNa zekhAvATI sammilita hai aura sampUrNa retIle pradeza ko sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai, jahAM ki pAnI bar3I gaharAI se prApta hotA hai| jodhapura riyAsata ke sudUra uttara pUrva meM jahAM vaha pradeza, jayapura kA sImA pradeza banatA hai| vahAM kI bolI mAravAr3I aura jayapurI kA mizraNa hai athavA bAda vAlI bhASA ko bhI sthAnIya rUpa se tU dArI kahate haiN| isa para jayapurI kA vizeSa prabhAva hai| yahAM vAstava meM bhASA mizrita hai aura jayapura sImA ke pAsa hai aura sambhavata: yaha bhASA mAravAr3I kI apekSA jayapurI ke adhika nikaTa hai| Thus the Marwari spoken in Marwar close to the Jaipur frantier is called in Marwar Dboordhari on of the names of Jaipuri, Because the Jaipuri influens, is very strong. Here indeed the language is mixed one and near the Jaipur border is probably ncarer Jaipury then Marwari. A Range of rocky hills inter sects nearly the whole shekhawati in the Jaipur state. In a nocth estert direction and close upon its castern frentier, the country on the east side of the hills is called Dhoondhari ( A name which was fojmarly applied to a large part of Rajputana which that to the west is called 1. paM0 phUlasamba sivAntazAstrI : varNo smRti pranya, khaNa 2, pRSTha 68, pra0 bhA0 vi0 jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara ma0pra0 prakAzana /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva Rasar which includes nearly the whole shekhawati and is generally apply to wundy country where is water is only procarable to at a great depth. In the extreme North east of the Jodhpur stale, where its borders and the Jaipur state the dialect is said to the mixture of Marwari and Jaipuri, or the letter is rocky called Dhoondhari. The language is a mixed on and near the Jaipur border is probably nearer Jaipuri theo Marwari 11. Lingujestic survey of India Zild 9 (vol.) part II page 71, DArI bhASA kA eka uddharaNa dekhiye, jisase bhASA ke soSThava evaM mAdhurya kA paricaya milatA hai / kahA hai-'eka jaNAM ke do TAbara hA / vA meM sU choTakyo pApakA bApane kyo ke bAbA jI mAre pAMtI meM prAve jakI mAla bhaneSo / jaghAMnI ApakI ghara nikarI vAne boTa dInI / gohakA dinA po yo-yo vAlI kI saMgalI pUjI melIkara paradesa gayo / vaThe ApakI sArI pUjI laphaDA meM udd'aadii| sagar3I gir3iyA pache bI desa meM javaro akAla pdd'iyo| kavivara budhajana kA adhikAMza jIvana TUDhAi pradeza meM hI bItA thaa| dadAr3a pradeza meM bolI jAne vAlI bhASA dUdArI hai, jisakA mUlAdhAra ajabhASA hai| isa bhASA meM khar3I bolI kA puTa hai| ise hama mizcita hindI (baja bhASA aura rAjasthAnI) kaha sakate hai 1 apane bhASa-prakAzana meM kavivara ko jisa bhASA kA jo zAyada upayukta lagA usakA khulakara upayoga kiyA hai / bhAva-prakAdhAna meM bhASA ke sarala-pravAha kA atyadhika dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| kahIM bhI bhASA kI kaThinatA ke kAraNa bhAva-duruhatA nahIM prAne pAI hai| gabhIratama dArzanika vicAroM ko bhI itanI sarala bhASA meM abhivyaMjanA huI hai ki pAThaka ko unheM hRdayaMgama karane meM koI vizeSa prayAsa nahIM karanA par3A hai| zailI bahudhA vyAsa pradhAna hai / bhASA aura bhASoM kA itanA anupama sAmaMjasya hindI sAhitya kI kama hI racanAoM meM prApta hotA hai| Digala, avadhI mora saja ke samAna hI DhUDhArI bhASA bhI eka sAhityika bhASA hai / isakA vistRta zabda maMDAra tathA vyAkaraNa hai| kavi ne svaccha, madhura evaM pravAhapUrNa braja mizrita rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prayoga apanI racanAmoM meM kiyA hai| kavi kI racanAmoM meM videzI bhASA ke zabdoM kA prayoga bhI milatA hai, kintu aise zabda bahuta kama hai| 1. 0 jArja eniyarsana : liMgvisTika sarve zrApha iDiyA, jilda , bhAga 2 pRSTha 71 /

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.. kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana "prAcIna kAvyoM kI bhASA vaise hI durUha hotI hai phira usakA uddharaNa yadi sAvadhAnI se na chape to zrayaM saMgati biThAnA zrIra bhI kaThina ho jAtA hai"| rAjasthAna ke kSetra viziSTa kI sAhityika bhASA DiMgala hai| DiMgala bhASA prAkRta aura apabhraMza se utpanna mAnI gaI hai / 1 'prAkula aura pabhraMza se udbhUta DiMgala bhASA, eka kSetra vizeSa kI janatA aura viziSTa varga, donoM ke abhivyakti kA mAdhyama rahI hai| DiMgala bhASA zAdikAlIna (prAcIna) bhASA hai tathA isameM pracura sAmagrI upalabdha hai / 22 vastuta: pradeza kI sAhityika dhArAoM meM hindI urdU, vraja, avadhI tathA maithilI ke atirikta gila sAhitya bArA bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI kaI vizeSatAe hai| DiMgala sAhitya kI paraMparA kA sambandha saMskRta sAhitya se vizeSa na hokara prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhitya dhArAoM se adhika nikaTa kA hai, phira yaha kevala ucca varga se sambandhita sAhitya nahIM hai balki jana saMparka meM likhA gayA hai| DiMgala meM padya sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha gadya sAhitya bhI pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| rasa budhajana ke sAhitya meM yoM to sabhI rasa yathAsthAna abhivyaMjita hue haiM para mukhyatA mAntarasa kI hai| sabhI hindI jaina sAhityakAroM ne apane sAhitya meM zAnta rasa kI dhArA hI pramukha rUpa se bahAI haiM / unakI racanAoM meM svAntaH sukhAya kI dRSTi vizeSa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| unhoMne sAhitya ko kabhI bhI bhAjIvikA kA sAdhana hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM paryApta yoga diyaa| unhoMne jaina rahakara hI sAhitya sevA kii| ve kavi bhI the aura bhakta bhI / makti ke pratipAdana ko hI unhoMne apanA sAdhya banAyA / budhajana satasaI meM unakI bhakti kI ananyatA yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotI hai / yathA nahIM banAyA | unhoMne paraMparA ke antargata 1. 2. 77 vAraka vAnara bAgha yahi, zraMjana mIla maMDAra | jAvidhi prabhu sukhiyA kiyA, so hI merI bAra ||36|| tuma to dInAnAtha ho, maiM hU dIna granAtha aba to Dhola na kIjiye, malo mila gayo sAtha || 42 // vIravANI, varSa 7, aMka 6, pRSTha 123 - 24, jayapura / vidyA bhAskara Digala sAhitya prakAzakIya 1660, 30 jagadIza prasAda ema0e0, DI0 phila0, hindustAnI ekeDemI, u0pra0 ilAhAbAda /

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78 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva "kavi ko pramu ke caraNoM kI zaraNa itanI priya hai ki ve bhava-bhava meM usI kI yAcanA karate haiN|" kavivara budhajana jaina darzana aura siddhAnta ke pAraMgata anubhavI vidvAna the| dudhajana kI taraha banArasIdAsa, maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, ghAnatarAya, daulatarAma Adi ne bhI AdhyAtmika va nIti paraka racanAeM kii| bihArI satasaI ke phasipama dohe nIli sambandhI haiM / vRndasatasaI, giradhara kI kuNDaliyAM, dIna dayAla giri kI racanAe' bhI nIti paraka haiN| isa prakAra hindI meM 16 vIM zatAbdI taka nIti paraka racanAeM hotI rahIM / budhajana kI racanAe' mukhyataH tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kI jA sakatI haiM / (1) nIti pradhAna racanAeM (2) saiddhAntika racanAeM (3) prAdhyAtmika rcnaae| nIti paraka racanAeM samAsa pAlI meM likhI gaI haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne apane sAhitya sRjana ke mUla meM hI pradhyArama ko rakhA hai / prAyaH sabhI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne mAtma-jAgaraNa pradhAna padoM kI racanA kI hai / prAja bhI sabhI labdhapratiSTha kavi apanI kavitA kA carama lakSya prAramA kI unnati hI mAnate haiN| vAstava meM kavitA vahI hai o mAnava kI prAtma unnati kA patha prazasta kara sake / budhajana ne apanI racanAoM meM mukhyataH dohA, caupAI, pada, kuNDaliyA, kavitta, sarvayA Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / inake par3oM meM braja aura rAjasthAnI (DhUDhArI) ke mizraNa kI spaSTa jhalaka hai| bArI meM jaina sAhitya ke bar3e-bar3e purANoM kA padyAnuvAda bhI unhoMne kiyA hai| RtrikI saiddhAntika racanAtroM meM viSaya pravAna barNana calI hai / unhoMne sabhI siddhAntoM kA samAveza sarala-mAlI meM kiyA hai| hindI meM unake dvArA likhita adhyAtma, bhakti aura rUpapha kAthya sambandhI bhI haiN| unakI sabhI racanAe' hindI bhASA meM haiM / unake samasta pada bhakti rasa se paripUrNa haiM / kavi ne apane bhArASya kI bhakti karate hue usake rUpa lAvazya' kA vivecana kiyA hai unakI samasta racanAe pacha baddha haiN| eka bAta aura vizeSa dhyAna dene kI hai ki sudhajana ke padoM kI bhASA para braja kA prabhAva hai / ajabhASA kI mUla prakRti prokArAnta hai / kavi ke padoM meM aneka prakArAnta zabda milate haiM / yathA-milyo, karyo, maryo, gayo, gahayo, bhanyo isyAdi / yahI 1. yA nahIM suravAsa, puni nararAma parijana sAtha bhI / puSa yAcara tuma bhakti bhava-bhava bIjiye zivanAtha ko / / budhaanaH devadarzana stuti, jJAnazeTha pUjAMjali, padya , pR0 434-35 bhAratIya bhAnapITha kAzI prakAzana /

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Tr kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana nahIM - saMjJA, vizeSaNa aura sarvanAma bhI prakArAnta prayukta hue haiN| sarvanAma -sAdhita rUpa yathA-jAkoM, vAkoM, lAkoM, kAkoM ityAdi / 76 1 zabda koSa-pada saMgraha kI zabdAvalI bar3I hI vilakSaNa aura mahatvapUra cuSajana ne apane kI lokabhASA koloM meM sthAna diyA hai / pariNAmataH aneka dezI zabdoM kA svAbhAvika prayoga sarvatra dikhalAI par3atA hai / yathA-leja (bu. sa. pa. saM. 108) metI (473) nAtari (221) bugalA (221) paravA (315) vAyukA (162) lUMga (65) vAya (66) vija (65) pade (7) DolanA (4) ityAdi / kavi kI racanAoMoM meM sarvAdhika saMkhyA tadbhava zabdoM ko hai jo ni parivartana ke bAda bahuta hI zruti madhura aura AkarSaka rUpa grahaNa kara lete haiM / ve saMskRta ke jJAtA the| unakI racanAoM meM saMskRta ke praneka rUpa prApta hote haiM / yathA citrakAra (69) vAri (68) suyaza (67) kaluSita (66) niraMtara (66) parivartana (64) karmAzraya (64) pallava (61) yadi | (2) vastu pakSIya vizleSaNa :-- bhAratavarSa prati prAcIna kAla se pradhyAtma vidyA kI lIlA bhUmi rahA hai / apanI ASi daikhika evaM zrASi bhautika saMmRddhi ke sAtha usake manISI sAthakoM ne adhyAtma kSetra meM jisa ciraMtana satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA usakI bhAsvara rami mAlA se vizva kA pratyeka bhU-bhAga prAlokita hai / bhAratIya sAhitya aura itihAsa kA adhyayana isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki AdhyAtmika gaveSaNA aura usakA samyak zrAcaraNa hI usake satya zodhI pRthvI putroM ke jIvana kA eka mAtra abhilaSita lakSya rahA hai / isI lauka maMgalakAriNI mAdhyAtmika utkrAnti ke dvArA bhArata ne cirakAla se vizva kA netRtva kiyA aura isI kI saMjIvanI zakti se pranuprANita hokara zrAja bhI usakI vaidezika nIti vizva ko vismaya vimugdha karatI huI vijayinI ho rahI hai / jaina paraMparA meM adhyAtma-vidhA kI garimA kA yatheSTa gAna jaina kaviyoM ne kiyA hai | adhyAtma meM Atma-vivRddhi kA pratimAna prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki manuSya janma kA milanA atyanta durlabha hai / yaha jIva anaMta kAla taka caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa karatA hai aura bar3I kaThinAI se manuSya janma kA lAbha kara pAtA hai / isake liye use zravirAma sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai / vaha apane antarmala ko svaccha karatA hai aura Atma zuddhi ko eka sau meM pahuMcakara manuSya bhava ho prApta karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM manuSya bhava kI prApti eka sImA taka Atma-vizuddhi kA 1, jaina, DA0 rAjakumAra adhyAsana patrAvalI, pR0 saM0 1 tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana /

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kavivara budhajana : vyakkila evaM kRtitva pariNAma hai jo isa bAta ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha jIva aba aisI sthiti meM hai ki prayatna karane para sasminA karmabaMdhana se mukta hokara zAzvata sukha prApta kara sakatA hai, parantu jyoMhI ise manuSya bhava milatA hai vaha ise prApta karane ke liye kI gaI mapanI gaMmIra sAdhanA ko ekadama mula jAtA hai bhaura una asaMkhya yoniyoM meM bhoge hue anaMsa pIDAmoM ke puja ko| phala yaha hotA hai ki yaha jIva manuSya hokara bhI prajJAnI hokara bhUla jAtA hai bhramaza pramAnadhIya kArya karane laga jAtA hai aura apanI sAdhanA se patita hokara puna: usI pIr3A payodhi meM gote lagAnA prAraMbha kara detA hai| manuSya ke liye isase adhika lajjA evaM karuNAjanaka bAta aura kyA ho sakatI hai ki vaha apanI anaMta sAdhanA se prApta kI gaI citAmaNi sA dusaMbha vastu ko yoM hI kho detA hai aura phira dIna-hIna banakara rone-sisakane lagatA hai| manuSya ke patana kI yaha carama sImA hai| kavivara budhajana aise viveka-vikala mAnava ko hI sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM : 'nara bhava pAma pheri duHkha bharanA, aisA kAja na karanA ho / ' he prAtman ! tuma aisA kAma kamI na karanA jisase manuSya mava prApta karake mI phira se tumheM duHkha bhoganA pdd'e| kavivara budhajana kI dRSTi meM karma bandhana hI saMsAra ke duHkha jAla kA kAraNa hai, jo mamatva bhAva se aura bhI bar3ha hotA jAtA hai, isaliye ve kitane spaSTa evaM sarala zabdoM meM manuSya ko matalaba kI bAta batalA 'nAhaka mamasa ThAni pudgala sauM, pharama jAla kyoM paranA ho / prAtman ! tuma pudgala-paravastu se (jo apanI nahIM hai) mamatva jor3a kara dhyartha kyoM karma cakra ke bandhana meM par3ate ho? tuma aisA kAma kabhI na karanA jisase manuSya bhava prApta karake bhI tumheM phira se duHkha bhoganA pdd'e| kavivara prAtma-svabhAva evaM para vastu ke svarUpa meM antara dikhalAte hue kitane sundara DhaMga se jIva ko bhedavijJAna kI ora prerita karate hue karttavya mArga para mArUr3ha rahane ke liye guru kA upadeza batA rahe haiM : yaha to jar3a, tU jAna prarUpI, tila tuSa jyoM guru varanA ho / rAga doSa taji, bhaja samatA ko, karma sAtha ke haranA ho / he pAtman ! yaha pudgala paravastu hai / jar3a hai, tuma prarUpI ho aura jJAna-maya ho / tuma donoM kA tila-tuSa ke samAna sambandha hai| jisa prakAra tiloM se tuSa ko prathak kara dene para zuddha tela mAtra avazeSa raha jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmamala se vimukta hone para prAtmA bhI zuddha svarUpa meM pradIpta ho uThatA hai isaliye mAtman ! tuma rAma dveSa ko chor3akara apane karma baMdhana ko tor3a do aura apane bhItara saMpUrNa samabhAva ko (mod-rAga-dveSa rahita avasthA) ko jAgRta kro|

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana 8 1 kavivara buSajana saralatA ke sAtha zrAdhyAtmika viSaya kA vivecana karane meM zratyanta nipuNa haiN| unhoMne sarvatra alpAkSaroM meM bhAvagAmbhImaM ko samAhita kiyA hai, kintu calatI huI bhASA meM kahIM bhI kliSTattara kA bodha nahIM hotA / kahIM-kahIM to upamAnoM ke prayoga se hI kavi ne kAma calAyA hai| yathA hai zrAtman / isa manuSya bhava ko prApta karake bhI viSaya-sukha meM masta ho jAne kA artha hai hAthI para savArI karane ke bAda ronA isaliye zrAtman 1 yadi tuma bhavasAgara se pAra honA cAhate ho, saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA cAhate ho to tumheM samajhadArI ke sAtha una jinendra bhagavAna ke caraNa kamaloM kI upAsanA karanI cAhiye, jinhoMne apanI AtmA ko karmabandhana se mukta kara liyA hai| manuSya, manuSya kA janma lekara bhI jaba taka sadA ke liye duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke mArga para dRr3hatA evaM niSThA se agrasara nahIM hotA, kavivara buSajana kI vANI use pukAra pukAra kara sambuddha karatI rahegI / 'narabhavapAyapheri duHkha bharanA, aisA kAja na karanA ho kavivara budhajana kA eka padya dekhiye 'bAbA meM na kAhU kA ' moha kA yaha sabase bar3A mada hai / saMsAra kA mAnava bhAdi kAla se usake mada meM unmatta hai / isake kAraNa use eka kSaNa ke liye bhI zuddha dhAtma svarUpa kI jhalaka mila paatii| yaha soca hI nahIM pAtA ki zarIra ke andara rahane vAlA 'maiM' kyA hai aura usake sAthI zarIra tathA anya bAhya vaibhava-sAmagrI kA isa "maiM aura isase pRthak anya vastuoM kA kyA sambandha hai / isa bAta kA yathArthaM viveka na hone ke kAraNa maha ina saba cIjoM meM apanastha mAna baiThatA hai aura 'maiM' ke svarUpa ko bhUlakara bAhya vastuoM meM hI 'meM' ke darzana karane lagatA hai| ise hI paryAya mUr3hatA ( para vastu meM apane kI mAnanA ) kahate haiM / maiM sukhI duHkhI maiM raMka rAva, mere dhana gRha godhana prabhAva | mere sutatiya meM sabala dIna, ve rUpa subhaga mUrakha pravIna' / / ityAdi kalpanAoM meM moha kA prabala uka hI lakSita hotA hai prora isI bhAva ke kAraNa samasta vastuoM meM iSTa aura aniSTa kI kalpanA karake yaha jIva cirakAla se Akula vyAkula ho rahA hai / kAlaviSa grAne para tathA puruSArthaM jAgRta hone para ise AtmabhAna hotA hai - maiM tathA isase sambandhita samasta vastuoM kI ThIka-ThIka jAnakArI hotI hai / moha mada-maMda ho jAtA hai | aMtarAtmA svapara viveka kI ujjavala jyoti se Alokita ho uThatI mora guna gunAne lagatI hai / 1. paM0 daulatarAma, chahaDhAlA, dvitIya DhAla, padya saMkhyA 4 pRSTha saMkhyA 11. sarala jaina grantha bhaMDAra, jabalapura prakAzana !

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fr kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 'bAbA meM na kAhu kA, koI nahIM merA re / suranara naraka tiryaggati mAMhI, mo ko karmana gherA re / / ' bAbA maiM kisI kA nahIM hUM aura koI merA nahIM hai| zuddha Atma svabhAva hI meronivi hai aura usakI saMpUrNa upalabdhi hI merA lakSya hai / anya samasta sAMsArika vastuoM kA isa grAtma-svabhAva se koI mela nahIM hai / saMsAra kI ina cIjoM meM bhI 'sva' (AtmA) kI kalpanA karane se mujhe karmoM ne naraka, tirthaca manuSya aura deva gatiyoM meM burI taraha rulA diyA / zrantaSTi khulate ho "maiM" se sambandhita samasta vastutroM kI samyak pratIti hone lagatI hai aura taba AtmA bar3I saralatA se apane zuddha caitanya svarUpa ko pahicAna letI hai | dekhiye : anta meM kisa prakAra sva-para viveka kI jyoti jAgRta ho rahI hai-- 'mAta-pitA- sula-tiya-kula- parijana moha garala ukerA re, tana-dhana-vasana bhavana-jar3a nyAre hU~ cinmUrati nyArA re // mAtA, pitA, putra, strI, kula aura naukara-cAkara yaha saba moha jAla meM phaMsAne vAle haiM / inameM rAga aura apanatva buddhi karake Aja taka hama mohapAza meM phaMse rahe aura dukhoM ko uThAte rahe / vAstava meM zarIra, vana, vastra aura makAna kA AtmA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / ye samasta vastueM jar3a haiM aura grAtmA se pRthak haiM / grAtmA kA caitanya svabhAva hai aura vaha svayaM ina saba cIjoM se pRthak apanA eka svataMtra astitva rakhatA hai / vibhAva bhAvoM ko chor3akara kisa prakAra kavivara Atma svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kara rahe haiM - 'mujha vibhAva jar3a karma racita haiM, karmana hamako chorA re / vibhAva cakra taji ghAri subhASA, aba Ananda ghana herA re || zuddha mrAtma-svabhAva ko chor3akara anya samasta bhAva evaM kalpanAeM vaibhAvika hai, jo svayaM zrAtma svarUpa se pRthak jar3a svarUpa hai aura navIna karma paraMparA kI sRSTi ke kAraNa haiM aura karma hI hameM saMsAra bhramaNa ke dvArA halAte haiN| aba hamane vaibhAvika bhAvoM ko chor3a diyA hai aura zuddha bhAvoM ko apanA liyA hai| isa samaya hama kevala zuddha cidAnandamaya zrAtma-svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kara rahe haiM / kavivara 'budhajana' saccidAnanda ke pAna meM itane tanmaya ho rahe haiM ki isake sAmane unheM anya samasta japa-tapa kevala usI sAdhya ko prApta karane vAle sAdhana bhara hI dikhalAI de rahe haiM / kavivara ke zabdoM meM suniye :

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana kharaca kheda nahIM anubhava karate, nirakhi cidAnanda terA re / japa-tapa-vrata zu tasAra yahI hai, budhajana kara na bhaverA re // zuza catanyamaya prAtma-svarUpa ko sAkSAtkAra karane para hameM tyAga karate samaya kheda kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai kyoMki hamane nizcaya kara liyA hai ki hamArA sambandha aura apanatva kevala zuddha prAtma-svabhAva se hai, isaliye anya samasta para bastanoM ke syAga meM hameM tanika bhI duHhalA ganubhA nahIM honA / japa-pa-mana gaura saMpUrNa zAstra jJAna kA bhI yahI dhyeya hai ki hameM apane saccidAnanda maya prAtma-svarUpa ke sthira darzana hoN| Aja loka meM apane dAyitva ko upekSita kara kartavya se jI curAne vAle aneka jana aisA kahate hue pAye jAte haiN| 'bAbA maiM na kAhU kA, koI nahIM merA re / ' janAcAryoM ne prAkRta ke samAna hI saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI prAdi bibhinna bhASAoM meM apane vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA kara vADmaya kI vRddhi kI hai| gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI kavi ne sarasvatI kI sAdhanA dvArA tIrthakara kI bANI ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAyA hai| kAvya-sAhitya kI prAtmA bhoga-vilAsa aura rAga dveSa ke pradarzanAtmaka zRgAra aura vIra rasoM meM nahIM hai kintu samAja kalyANa kI preraNA hI kAvya sAhitya ke mUla meM nihita hai| darzana, AcAra, siddhAnta pragati viSayoM kI udbhAvanA ke samAna hI jana-kalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI kAthya meM samAhita rahatI hai / ataeva samAja ke bIca rahane vAle kavi aura lekhaka gAIsthika jIvana vyatIta karate hue karuNa bhAva kI udbhAvanA sahaja rUpa meM karate haiN| eka prora jahAM sAMsArika sukha kI upalabdhi aura usake upAyoM kI pradhAnatA hai to dUsarI ora virakti evaM jana-kalyANa ke liye prAsma-samarpasa kA lakSya bhI sarvopari sthApita hai| nizcaya hI budhajana ke sAhitya meM ahiMsA siddhAnta kI abhivyakti huI hai usameM loka-jIvana ke svAbhAvika citra aMkita haiM / usameM sundara prArama-pIyUSa rasa chala chalAtA hai| dharma vizeSa kA sAhitya hote hue bhI udAratA kI kamI nahIM hai| mAnava svAyalaMtrI kaise bane, isakA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai| tatva-ciMtana maura jIvana zodhana ye kavi kI racanAmoM ke mUlAdhAra haiN| . prArama zodhana meM samyaka zraddhA, samyak jJAna tathA samyakcAritra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / samyaka cAritra, ahiMsA, satya, acArya, brahmacarya maura aparigraha kI saMpUrNatA hai, jo vItarAga bhAva meM nihita hai / pratyeka prAtmA kA svataMtra astitva hai| pratyeka 'kahA

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84 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva prAramA rAga dveSa evaM karmamala se prApta hai, vaha puruSArtha se zuddha ho sakatI hai / pratyeka prAtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai / jaina darzana nivRtti pradhAna hai| ratnatrama hI nitti mArga hai / sAta tattvoM kI zraddhA hI rAmyagdarzana hai| vicAroM ko ahiMsaka banAne ke liye anekAnta kA prAthaya mAvazyaka hai / ' kavi kI prAdhyAtmika racanAoM kA prAdhAra hI prAsmA hai / prataH Atma-svarUpa kI yathArtha jAnakArI atmamta Avazyaka hai / prAtmA ke sambandha meM vibhinna dArzanikoM ne gahana-ciMtana kiye haiM aura apanIapanI svataMtra mAnyatAeM sthira kI hai, paranta ve saba ekAnta darzana para AdhArita hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki ve ananta guNAtmaka prAtma-svarUpa kA sparza nahIM kara pAtI / jana-darzana meM prAtmasvarUpa kA anekAnta iSTi se kiyA gayA sarvAM gapUrNa vivecana upaladha hotA hai| kahA bhI hai ki "jIva upayogamaya hai, prabhUttaM hai, kartA hai, svadeha pramANa hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai aura svabhAva se UrdhvagAmI hai" / ' joya upayogamaya hai : jIba AtmA kA nAmAMtara hai, upayoga jIva kA svarUpa hai| jJAna aura darzana kI upayukta avasthA ko upayoga kahate haiN| jJAna aura darzana kA artha hai-jAnanA maura dekhanA / jIva ko jAnane kI aura dekhane kI kriyA niraMtara banI rahatI hai / eka kSaNa ke liye bhI upayogAtmaka svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA hai, isaliye jIva upayoga maya kahA jAtA hai| jIva pramUrta hai : jIva kA dUsarA svarUpa pramUrta hai / mUrta kA artha hai--jisameM rUpa, rasa, pranya aura sparza ye cAra guNa prApta hote haiM / isa bhyAkhyA ke anusAra pudagala drazya hI matika ThaharatA hai / jIva mUrtika nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM rUpa, rasa gaMdha aura sparza nahIM pAye jAte haiN| jISa kartA hai : jaina darzana meM jIva ko kartA mAnA gayA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jIva apanI saMsAra aura mukta donoM dazAnoM kA svayaM kartA hai / sAMkhya darzana prAsmA ko kA svIkAra nahIM karatA / usakI mAnyatA meM vaha sarvathA avikArI-kUTastha nitya evaM sarvavyApaka hai / niSkriya hai aura sakatA hai / kriyAzIlatA kevala prakRti kA dharma 1. jIyo upayogamayo bhamuktikA saveha primaarnno| bhoktA sasArasmo siddhosau vissasobar3hagaI / / anAcArya nemicAna; anya sAha gAthA naM0 2, pR0 4, jabalapura prakArAma

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana hai| isa darzana meM prAsmA ko puruSa nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti aura puruSa kA nimna likhita lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai| jo triguNamaya, avivekI. viSaya, sAmAnya, acetana aura prasavadharmI hai vaha prakRti hai aura isase viparIta jo triguNAtIta, vivekI, viSamI, vizeSa, cetana tathA aprasavadharmI hai, vaha puruSa hai| jIva svaveha pramANa hai : vedAnta darzana meM AtmA ko vyApaka aura eka mAnA gayA hai / usakI mAnyatA hai ki masnila brahmANDa meM eka prAramA kA hI prasAra hai / prAtmA ke sivAya anya kucha bhI nahIM hai / sAMsya, yoga aura mImAMsA darzana bhI prAtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiN| eka anya mAnyatA prAramA ko aparimANa svIkAra karatI hai, parantu jaina darzana use svadeha pramANa mAnA hai| laghu mahat mAyApAra ra eka mAtma-dravya ke pradezoM meM bhI saMkoca-viratAra hotA hai / isa prakAra pratyeka dazA meM vaha zarIra pramANa hI rahatA hai| jIva bhoktA hai : jana darzana meM jahAM pratyeka dravya ko apane-apane guga-paryAyoM kA kartA mAnA gayA hai vahAM bhovatRtva yogyatA jIva meM hI mAnI gaI hai| jIva ke sivAya anya dravya jar3a hai, unameM bhoga karane kI yogyatA nahIM hai / jIva meM yaha bhoktatva yogyatA bhI svadravya ke bhoga para hI prAdhArita hai / vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM para padArthoM kA bhoga nahIM karatA / jahA~ bhI para padArthoM meM jIva ke bhoktRtva kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, vaha mithyAtva-vilAsa ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai / jIva siddha hai : anya dravyoM kI bhAMti jIva bhI eka svataMtra drazya hai| anAdi kAlIna karma zarIra se baddha hone ke kAraNa hI vaha saMsAra dazA kA bhoga karatA hai, parantu jyoMhI karma-bandhana se mukta hotA hai apane zAzvata siddhasva ko prApta kara letA hai aura sadA ke liye apane isa vizuddha svabhAva meM rahatA hai 1 siddhatva bhI jIva kA svabhAva hai| jIva kavaM gati hai: yaha eka gaMbhIra prazna hai ki karma-bandhana se mukta hote hI jaba yaha jIva apane vizuddha svabhAva ko prApta kara letA hai taba yaha jAtA kahA~ hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki jyoM hI yaha jIva karma bandhana se mukta hotA hai loka ke anta taka Upara calA jAtA hai / nIce tirache isa liye nahIM jAtA hai ki vaha svabhAvata: UrdhvagAmI hai| Urdhvagamana triguraNabhaveki viSayaH sAmAnya bhavetanaM prasaSadhama / vyaktaM tathA pradhAna taviparIla stayA pumAn // sAMkhya kArikA, 11 / 2. 'tavanantaramUvaM gacchantyAsokAntAt / ubhAsvAmI tatvArthasUtra, ma. 10,

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva karatA huA loka ke anta meM isaliye Thahara jAtA hai ki loka ke bAhara gamana-nimittaka dharmadravya kA prabhAva hai| prAtma-svarUpa ko yathArtha jAnakArI samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evama sammAcAritra dvArA batalAI gaI hai| samyagdarzana-prAtma vikAsa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA, jIva, ajIya, prAdhava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa svarUpa tatvoM kA yathArtha darzana samyagdarzana hai / isakI dUsarI vyAkhyA hai-sacce deva, zAstra, gurU kA tIna mUr3hatAoM aura pATha madoM se rahita aura ATha aMga sahita yathArtha zradAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| isakI tIsarI vyAkhyA ke anusAra svAnubhUtimayI zradA ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| samyagdarzana kI ukta tInoM vyAkhyAnoM meM zAbdika antara hote hue bhI arthataH koI antara nahIM hai| zrAtma-jAgaraNa kI velA meM sAdhaka apane prAtmA se sambaddha ajIba tatva kI jAnakArI karatA hai aura isake bAda usake nandha ke kAraNa tathA baccana mukti ke kAraNoM ko hRdayaMgama kara anta meM vizuddha mAtmAnubhUti ko hI upAdeya mAnakara apanI ruci prAtma-svabhAva meM hI kendrita kara letA hai| isa prakAra samyagdarzana kI tatvArtha zraddhAna rUpa prathama vyAkhyA svAnubhUtimayI zraddhA se bAhya nahIM ThaharatI / saMpUrNa jaina sAhitya adhyAtma pradhAna sAhitya hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, prAntIya bhASAe aura hindI meM jo kucha bhI jaina sAhitya bhAja prApta hai usa sabakA mUla svara adhyAtma hai| isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara hI hama jaina sAhityakAroM kI paraMparA kA adhyayana saMpUrNa rUpeNa kara skeNge| 1. dharmAstikAyA bhAvAt' umAsvAmI : satvArthasUtraH 100% 2. tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam umAsvAmI : tasvArtha sUtra 1-2 3. zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAnamatapo matAm / tribhukApoDhamaSTAMga, samyagdarzanamasmayam / / pAcArya samantabhadra : raznakara zrAvakAcAra, 1-3, sarala jaina ya bhaMDAra, jblpur| 4. tasmAccha khAvayaH sarve, samyAtavasvAnubhUti mat / tato sti yaugikI di :, zraddhAsamyaktva lakSaNam / / avaSya viruddhasyAt prabataM svAtmAnubhUti mat // paMDita rAjamalla : paMcAdhyAyI 2,416-423 / / 5. DaoN0 rAjakumAra : adhyAtma padAvalI, pR0 56, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana /

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana saMpUrNa jana sAhitya viSaya kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-prathamAnuyoga, paramAnusoga, karagAnuyoga yaunavyAnuyoga / prathamAnuyoga meM- mahApuruSoM ke jIvana caritra aura unhIM kI lokopakArI ghttnaae| caraNAnuyoga meM AdhAra aura caritra sambandhI carcAe / karaNAnuyoga meM loka aura naraka prAdi gatiyoM kA varNana / dravyAnuyoga meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, bhAkAza paura kAla isa SaT dravyoM kA varNana / jaina kaviyoM yA legya koM vA daSTikoNA dhArmika hote hue bhI kAvya komala pradarzita karane meM ve kigI se pIche nahIM haiN| aise aneka sthala hai jahAM hameM eka pratyanta uccakoTi ke sarala aura sarasa kAvya ke darzana hote haiN| inake kAma meM loka ruci ke anukUla paryApta sAmagrI prApta hotI hai / saralatA aura sarasatA ko eka sAtha prastuta karane kA prayatna prazaMsanIya hai / kadhidhara budhajana ne zrAvaka dharma kA viSAda varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne thApaka dharma ke grahaNa kI pAtratA batalAkara 5 aguvrata, 3 muragapata, 4 zikSA yata tathA sallekhanA ke prAcaraNa ko saMpUrNa sAgAra dharma batalAyA hai / ukta 12 prakAra ke dharma ko pAkSika zrAvaka abhyAsa rUpa se, negisaka grAvaraNa rUpa se aura sAdhaka prAtmalIna hokara pAlatA hai / pATha mUla guNoM kA dhAraNa, sapta vyasanoM kA tyAga, deva pUjA, gurU upAsanA, pAtradAna prAdi kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karanA pAkSika prAdhAra hai / dharma kA mUla ahiMsA aura pApa kA mUla hiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA pAlana karane ke liye madya, mAMsa, madhu aura abhakSya kA tyAga apekSita hai / rAtri bhojana tyAga bhI hiMsA ke antargata hai / gRha-virata zrAvaka prAraMbhI hisA kA tyAga karatA hai aura gRharata dhAvaka saMkalpI hiMsA kA / satmANunata prAdi kA dhAraNa karanA bhI yAvazyaka hai| zrAvaka mugAvata aura zivAvatoM kA pAlana karatA huprA apanI dinacaryA ko bhI parimAjita karatA hai / va ekAdaza pratimAoM kA pAlana karatA huA anta meM sahalekhanA dvArA prANoM kA visarjana kara sadgati lAbha karatA hai / isa prakAra kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM zrAvaka kI caryAyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / kavi ne prAtmA ke astitma prAdi kA kathana karate hue prAtma deva darzana ninanya gurU sevA, jinavANI kA svAdhyAya indriya-damana prAdi kriyAnoM ko prAramasvarUpa kI prApti kA sAdhana batAyA hai| samyagdRSTi hI Astika hotA hai aura prAstika hI pUrpajJAnI aura paramapada kA svAmI hotA hai / nAstika ko saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke usa upadeza kA pratipAdana

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva eva kRtitva phiyA jisake liye jAti, pada, bhASA, deza mA dharma kI rekhAe bAdhaka nahIM thIM saba unake upadeza meM lAbha uThAte the / pratyeka dharma kI prAcAra aura vicAra ye do zAkhAe hotI haiM / ina donoM hI zAsAnoM meM jaba taka rahatA hai, tabhI taka dharma kI dhArA avicchinna rUpa se calatI hai / prAcAra-cAritra kI dRr3hatA lAtA hai jisase zithilAcAra nahIM pA pAtA aura darzana kI paripakvatA (vicAra pakSa) use prAbara nahIM banane detI / kavivara budhajana meM ina donoM pakSoM kA apanI racanAoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai / unhoMne donoM ke santulana kA pUraNaM dhyAna rakhA hai 1 ahiMsA, satya, pacaurya, brahmacarya, parigraha parimAraNa yA aparigraha ina pAMca aNUyatoM ko dharma kA prAcAra pakSa kahA hai| kavi meM bhAvAnubhUti bhI hai aura abhivyakti bhii| dharma meM prAcAra kA mahatva hai(vrata, upavAsa, pUjana, tapa Adi) parantu isa AcAra meM hamArI niSThA honA caahiye| isa AcAra kA sambandha hRdaya se honA cAhiye, pradarzana ke liye nhiiN| dharma meM vasamya evaM prabhAsakti kA vizeSa mahatva hai / anAsakti ke prabhAva meM citta meM nirmalatA nahIM bhA sktii| citta kI nirmalatA ke binA jIvana meM sAdagI, pavitra-ciMtana evaM tapa meM tallInatA asaMbhava hai| budhajana kI saiddhAntika racanAmoM meM viSaya-pradhAna varNana zailI hai| kavi ne sabhI siddhAntoM kA samAveza sarala zailI meM kiyA hai| hindI meM inake dvArA likhita 11 racanAeM viSaya-pradhAna zailI meM likhI gaI hai| "budhajana satarAI" nIti paraka racanA hai| (3) prakRti-citraNa : ___bhAratIya sAhitya meM prakRti-citraNa kI paraMparA prAcIna kAla se hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti mukhyataH prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM hI vikasita huI hai / ataH prakRti ke prati bhAratIya janasA kA prema svAbhAvika hI hai / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI racanA tapovanavAsI RSiyoM dvArA huI ataH unakI racanAtroM meM prakRti ke bhaneka citra iSTigocara hote haiM / anekoM jaina kaviyoM meM tyAgI banakara bana kA mArga grahaNa kiyA vahAM ve prAzrama meM rhe| unhoMne prakRti ke khule vAtAvaraNa meM rahakara prakRti kA avalokana kiyA thaa| vAlmIki rAmAyaraNa kA eka citra dekhiye rAma puSpaka vimAna meM sItA ko le jA rahe haiM / prakRti kA ramya rUpa unake sAmane hai ataH ve sItA jI se kahate haiM-he sIte ! isa ramaNIya taTavAlI vicitra maMdAkinI ko dekho / jisake taTa para hasa aura sArasa kallola karate haiM aura jo puSpita zukSoM se ghire haiN| pavana se pratAr3ita zikharoM se jo natya sA karatA hai, aisA parvata vRkSoM se nadI para cAroM ora puSpa aura patra vikIrNa karatA hai / he bhadraM ! pavana ke jhokoM se nadI ke taTa para bikhare hue puSpoM ke Dhera ko dekho aura ina dUsare puSpo, ko dekho jo ur3akara jala meM jA gire haiM / jaina munI prAyaH nadI, sarovara ke kinAre, parvatoM ke Upara yA guphAnoM meM tapa karate the| prakRti prapanA roSa dikhalAtI

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana 81 thI, kintu ye vicalita nahIM hote the| sadana kA mahInA hai zrora nemIzvara giranAra parvata para tapa karane cale gaye haiM isa para rAjamatI kahatI hai piyA sAvana meM vrata loge nahIM, ghanaghora ghaTA jura zrAvegI | cahu bhora teM mora ju zora kareM, bana kokila kuhala sunAvegI // piya rena aMdherI meM sUjhe nahIM, kachu dAmini damaka DarAvegI // ukta udAharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya kaviyoM ne prakRti ko apanI khulI jhAMkhoM se dekhA hai aura usake prati unakA sahaja anurAga hai| prakRti ke kisI dRzya ko camatkAra pUrNa DhaMga se kahane kI pravRtti unameM nahIM hai / hindI sAhitya ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhaktikAla meM prakRti citraNa to huA hai para usa kAla ke saMtoM aura bhaktoM kI vANI upadeza paraka thI / unhoMne apane prAdhyAtmika anubhavoM ko vyakta karane ke liye prakRti ke pratIkoM kA sahArA liyA hai pratyoSita ke mAdhyama se prakRti kA AlaMbana lekara unhoMne apane vicAroM ko vyakta kiyA hai / tulasI jaise bhakta kaviyoM ne varSA aura zarada kA varzana kiyA hai, parantu prakRti ke vibhinna kriyAkalApoM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne upadeza hI diyA hai| unhoMne prakRti kA varana jhAlaMbana ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai / rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne isake viparIta prakRti kA varNana uddIpana rUpa meM afro kiyA hai| jAyasI kA bArahamAsA bana, badalatI huI RtunoM meM nAgamatI kI viraha vyathA ko uddIpta karatA hai / RtuoM kA upayoga bhI unhoMne uddIpana rUpa meM hI kiyA hai / parantu jaina kaviyoM ne prakRti kA varNana nIti va zikSA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / kavivara vajana dvArA jaina sAhitya meM, bAhya prakRti ke nAnA rUpoM kI apekSA mAnava prakRti (svabhAva) kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| kavitA karate kI preraNA unheM jIvana kI nAbaratA aura apUrNatA ke anubhava se hI prApta huI hai / unakI sauMdarya grAhiNI dRSTi prakRti ke bAhya rUpoM kI prora bhI gaI aura unhoMne prakRti ke sundara citra bhI prakita kiye para zAnta rasa ke uddIpana ke rUpa meM hI / prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM meM sundarI nartakI ke darzana bhI aneka jaina kaviyoM ne kiye haiM, kintu vaha nataMkI kucha hI kSaNoM meM kurUpA aura vImalsa sI pratIta hone lagatI hai / ramaNI ke keza-klApa, salajja kapola kI lAlimA aura sAja-sajjA ke vibhinna rUpoM meM virakti kI bhAvanA kA darzana karanA jaina kaviyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai| kavivara budhajana ne holI kA varNana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM nijapura meM prAja macI holI nijapura meM / umaMga cidAnanda jI itanAye, uta bhAI sumatI gorI || nija0 // lokalAja kulakAriNa gamAI, jJAna gulAla marI jhorI || nija0 //

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva samakita kesara raMga banAyo, cArita picakArI chorI / / nij0|| gAvata prajapA mAna manohara, anahada jharaso barasyorI // nija / / dekhana prAya buzrajana bhIge, nirakhyo khyAla anakhorI / nija0 / / cetana AtmA apane meM hI horI kA khela macA rahA hai| eka pora umaMga meM bhare cidAnaMda jI haiM to dUsarI pora sumati rUpa gaurI hai| ina donoM ne loka lAja kA khyAla na rakhate hue jJAna rUpI gulAla se apanI jhorI bhara lI hai / usane samyaktva rUpI keyAra kA raMga banA liyA hai aura aba cidAnaMda jI cAritra rUpI picakArI chor3eMge / isa prasaMga para manohara ajapA gAna hone lagA aura anahada nAda hone lagA / isa prakAra kI holI ko, budhajana ko bhI dekhane kA avasara milA to ve bhI sumati rAnI ke sAtha holI khelane lge| isa prakAra saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa prAnaMda se bhara gyaa| jaina ma / jIvana, jIva ko parama niyasa kI prora bahAne kA eka prayatna hai ata: yahAM holI kA mAdaka unmAda bhI samatA-zrI vRddhi kA sahAyaka hotA hai / kavi kI upayukta bhAvadhArA meM maulika holI adhyAtma pragati kI holI bana gaI hai| prAtmA ke ghaTa meM basanta phUTa par3A hai aura phira mumukSuSoM ke liye zAmvata sukha keli kA koI anta hI nahIM rahA hai| 15nIM zatAbdI ke zrI 'varSamAna purANu" kAvya ke praNetA zrI navalarAma ne aneka holI pada likhe haiN| yahAM eka saMkSipta pada para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| kavi kA vimarza hai ki azlIla bhaMDa rUpa se holI khelanA ucita nahIM hai| usake anusAra mahAThaga kumati-ramaNiyoM kA sAtha ekadama chor3a, sujJAnarUpa pasiyoM kA prasaMga karanA iSTa hai / holI kA khela to kucha isa prakAra hI honA cAhiye / yathA aise kheli horI ko khela re / kumati gorI ko aba taji karike, sAtha karo sumatI gorI ko // kavi kaha rahA hai ki vrata rUpI bandana lIjiye, tapatI sAtvika bharagajA (suramita lesana) lekara saMyama rUpI jala chir3akiye, phira dekhiye kyA bahAra prAtI hai ? aisA holI kA khela kheliye / ___ kavi budhajana apanI 'budhajana-vilAsa' racanA meM cetana rAjA ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki 'he cetana rAjA ! yadi tumheM holI khelanA hI ho to tuma sumatirAnI ke sAtha hI holI khelanA / anya striyoM kI prIti tor3akara sumati rAnI se saMga jor3ane se cetana aura sumati kI acchI jor3I bana gaI hai| yaha Dagara-Dagara DolatI dhii| parantu isa prakAra Dagara-ugara DolanA ucita nahIM hai| he cetana ! apanA prAtmAnubhava rUpI raMga kyoM nahIM chir3akate ? tuma ne sumati rAnI kA sAtha kiyA hai,

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kRtiyoM kA bhASA viSayaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana 61 prataH usake sahayoga saM apane mithyAtva Adi pApo kA tyAga kara prAtmAnubhava rUpI gulAla se apanI bhorI bhara le, yAtmA ko nirmala banA le| sumati kA saMga na rahane setU ne pahale pranekAneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa kiyA aura aneka kaSTa utthaaye| kavi budhajana kahate haiM ki apane deza ko sudhAro prati samyagdRSTi banakara bAritra dhAraNa karo, jisase muktiramA ke saMga prAnaMda kI prApti ho ske| isI prakAra kI holI khelane ke liye kavi ne cetana rAjA ko protsAhila kiyA hai tathA anya prakAra kI holI khelane kA niSedha kiyA hai / unhIM kA eka aura pada deSTavya hai : 'sumati rUpa mArI zrI jinavara ke darabAra meM holI khelanA cAhatI hai / isake liye vaha nibhAva-bhAvoM kA parityAga kara zuzu svarUpa banAnA cAhatI hai / baha pratijJA karatI hai ki maiM kabhI bhI kumati nArI kA saMga nahIM karanA cAhatI / maiM mithyAtva rUpa raMga kI apekSA samyaktva rUpI raMga meM banA ucita samajhatI huuN| kavi budhajana bhI apanI AtmA ke prAnanda rUgI rasa meM (raMga) khUba chaka gayA hai aura aba use mAnaMda hI pAnaMda kI prApti ho rahI hai / nirAnanda kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM rahA / ' kavivara budhajana ne loka bhaMgala' kI kAmanA se prerita hokara prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai yaha koI naI bAta nahIM hai / tulasI, giradhara prAdi kaviyoM ne bhI isa prakAra loka maMgala kI kAmanA se prerita hokara prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai| 'anAdi kAla se prakRti mAnava ko sauMdarya pradAna karatI A rahI hai / vana, parvata, nadI, nAle, uSA, saMdhyA, rajanI, Rtu prAdi sadA se anveSaNa ke viSaya rahe haiN| hindI ke jana kaviyoM ko kavitA karane kI preraNA jIvana kI navaratA aura apUrNatA ke anubhava se hI prApta huI hai / mukhya bAta yaha hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne kisI na budhajana, budhajana vilAsa, pAnA saMkhyA 31, padya saM0 33, hasta likhita prati / vetana kheli sumati saMga horI // Teka / / torI prAnakI prIti sayAnI bhalI banI pA jorI // 1 // khagara-Dagara hole hai yo hI, bhAva pAvanI porii| nija rasa phagumA kyoM nahIM bAMTo, nAtara sudhArI torI // 2 // kSAra kaSAya tyAga yA gahile, samakti kesara thorii|| mithyApAyara gari dhArile, mija gulAla kI orI // 3 // khoTe bheSa ghare Dolata haiM, dukha pAya budhi morI / "budhajana" apanA bheSa sudhAro, jyo vilasI siva gaurI // 4 // 2. DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI : saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM baina kaviyoM kA yogavAna, pRSTha saMkhyA 585, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana /

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62 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kisI rUpa meM prakRti kA zrAlaMbana, uddIpana rUpa meM citraNa kiyA hai| yaha citraNa jahAM sauMdarya ko abhivyakta karatA hai nahIM mAnavIya pakSoM ke citraNa meM bhI sahAyaka mAnA jAtA hai kintu mAnava kI mUla prakRti kA yathA tathya varNana karanA viziSTa kaviyoM kI pratibhA kA hI kArya pratIta hotA hai| prakRti ke bAhya rUpoM kA varNana karanA sarala hai, kinsu bAhya prakRti kA zrAlaMbana liye binA pratyakSa rUpa se mAnava-prakRti kA varNana karanA asaMbhava nahIM to kliSTa avazya hai / 'budhajana' jaise kavi hI isa prakAra ke prakRti citraNa karane meM samartha haiM / itanA hI nahIM 'aneka jaina kavi prakRti ke prAMgA meM pale aura vaha hI unakA sAdhanA kSetra banA ataH ve prakRti citraNa bhI svAbhAvika DhaMga se kara sake / unhoMne prakRti ke mAdhyama se aneka prakAra kI zikSA dI hai| yathA-rAtri kA dIpaka candramA hai / dina kA dIpaka sUrya hai| sAre saMsAra kA dIpaka dharma hai aura kula kA dIpaka zUravIra putra hai / zikSA dene para bhI jo zraddhA nahIM karatA / rAtadina jhagar3A aura phisAda karatA rahatA hai / aisA pUta puta nahIM, bhUla hai / vaha to apane ghora pApoM kA phala hai| kavi ne bimba-prativimba rUpa meM bhI prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai / yathA saMpatti ke sabahI hitu, vipakSa meM saba dUra / / / 168 / / sukhosara paMkhI taje, seveM jalate pU yahAM paMkhI - sarobara kA bi saMpatti pAnI se bharA sarovara vipatti-sukhA sarobara DaoN0 pra emasAgara jaina jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi, pR0 20 jJAnapITha lokovaya granthamAlA, pratthAnka 1860 saMskaraNa, 1664 2. budhajana : budhajana sattasaI: pR0 saM0 181, pRSTha saM0 37 3. budhajana : budhajana satasaI, pR0 saM0 152, pRSTha saMkhyA 38 4. budhajana budhajana satasaI, padma saMkhyA 168, pRSTha saMkhyA 35 sanAvada

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dvitIya- adhyAya 1. bhAva pakSIya vizleSa kavivara budhajana kI racanAoM meM eka mora bhAratIya loka-nIti-rItiparaka bhAvAbhivyaMjanA pratiphalita huI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora bhAtmA ko kendra bindu mAnakara usake astitva, ruci va zraddhA jJAna evaM dhyAna se sambandhita bhAvoM kI spaSTa zrabhivyakti huI hai| bhAvoM meM vikalpAtmaka ciMtana tathA sAhityika abhivyaMjanA mAnadIya saMvedanAoM ko saheje hue spaSTataH lakSita hotI hai / bhAvoM meM bhale hI kathAtmaka sahajatA tathA mArmika prasaMgoM kI yojanA na milatI ho, para sarasatA kA guNa sarvatra hai / manuSya kA mAnavIya pakSa kyA hai ? jagat aura jIvana ke sAtha usakA kyA sambandha hai ? inhIM bAtoM kA vicAra karate hue lekhaka ne cintana pUrNa vivecana kriyA hai / unakI rAgAtmikA anubhUti bhASoM ke baka meM utanI adhika ramI nahIM hai, jitanI ki bhAtroM ke vizleSaNa meM saMlIna lakSita hotI hai / -- bhAvoM ke hone meM vitta kI sahajavRtti tathA saMskAroM kA prabhAva vizeSa rUpa se kriyAzIla rahatA hai| isaliye yadi kavi kA jhukAva anAtmIya padArthoM se haTa kara grAtmA-paramAtmA kI prora vizeSa rUpa se rahA hai, to yaha sahaja va svAbhAvika hai kyoMki saMsAra kI viSaya vAsanAoM se prasUta hone vAle rAga-raMga ke bhAva eka aura haiM aura vItarAgatA ko prakaTa karane vAle bhAva dUsarI bhora haiN| yaha samajhanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA ki sAhitya meM gAramUlaka bhAva hI mukhya hote haiM / yadi aisA hI ho to phira zAsa rasa ke ujjavala prakAzana meM mahAkaviyoM kI vANI ko kyoM mauna-maMga karanA pdd'aa| kyA zAnti va vairAgya prANI mAtra ko iSTa nahIM hai ? saMsAra kA svabhAva batAtA huA kavi kahatA hai-miSyA vikalpoM (rAga dveSa ke bhAva ) kI racanA karake saMsArI jIva vitta ko citA ke samAna raca rahA hai| isa taraha ke bhAva to sadA utpanna hote hI rahate haiN| eka bhAva ke utpanna hote hI sarakSaraNa dUsarA bhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhAvoM kA pravAha zAzvata rUpa se anAdi kAla se pravahamAna hUM / zrataH prANI ko sukha va zAnti prApta nahIM hotI hai / kavivara ne loka jIvana va loka hai / vAstava meM prANI ne jaise jaise bhAva prApta kara cukA hai, kara rahA hai va kregaa| rIti kI zikSA para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA kiye haiM, kara rahA hai va karegA, vaise-vaise phala koI kisI kA bhAgya nahIM badala sakatA

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - hai / jo apanA bhAgya banAtA hai, bahI badala sakatA hai / isaliye azubha-bhAvoM se haTakara zubhamAva karate rahanA cAhie aura zuddha bhAvoM kI bhAvanA bhAnI cAhiye / kavivara ke bhAna pakSIya vizleSaNa meM yahI vRtti mUlya rUpa se lakSita hotI hai / ce bhUta, bhaviSya kI ciMtA chor3akara vartamAna ko sambhAlane kA bhAva karane kI hI sIkha dete haiN| unakI dRSTi meM vartamAna sabase mahatvapUrNa hai| yadi isa samaya hamArI ruci samyak nahIM bana pAI, bhAva bhI base na hue, to hamAre jIvana se kyA lAbha? mUla bhAva kI dRSTi se kavivara kI racanAyoM meM rahasyAnubhUti ke darzana hote haiM / vividha rUpakoM ke dvArA unhoMne prAtmA-paramAtmA kI rahasa va surati ko citrita kiyA hai| eka santa kavi va nIti-upadezaka ke rUpa meM unake bhAva spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta hue haiM 11 morayA ... moha madirA ke naze meM vihala manuSya kI dazA madya-pAna karane vAle vyakti ke sapA ho jAtI hai / yahI dazA mohI jIvoM kI jAnanA cAhiye / svArthI saMsAra : jIna ekAkI mAM ke garbha meM prAtA hai aura nava mAsa paryata adhomukha hokara bitAtA hai, vahAM se jaba nirgata hotA hai, una duHkhoM ko to bahI jAnatA hai, anya koI to jAna hI kyA sakegA ? jo mAtA use udara meM dhAraNa karatI hai, use bhI usa bAlaka ke duHkhoM kA patA nahIM 1 jaba nirgasa humA taba bAlyAvasthA meM zakti vyakta na hone se, icchA ke anukula kArya na hone se jo kaSTa use hote haiM, unake varNana karane meM anya kisI ko sAmathrya nahIM / use to bhUkha lagI hai, dugdhapAna karanA cAhatA hai, parantu mAM aphIma pAna karAkara sulAne kI ceSTA karatI hai| vaha sonA cAhatA hai, mAM kahatI hai beTA dugdhapAna kara lo| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki saba taraha se pratikUla kAyoM meM hI bAlyakAla ko pUrNa karanA par3atA hai / jahA~ pAMca varSa kA huA, mAtApitA, bAlaka ko par3hAne kA prayatna karate haiM / aisI vidyA kA arjana karAte haiM, jisase laukika unnati ho / yadyapi laukika unnati meM pArita nahIM milatI tathApi mAtApitA ko jaisI paraMparA se paddhati calI pA rahI hai, tadanukula hI unakA, bAlaka ke prati bhAva rahegA / jisa zikSA se prAtmA ko zAnti mile, usa ora lakSya hI nhiiN| 1. jhUThe vikalapa raci phare, citA catta ke mAhi / eka miTa dUjI jaThaM, sAtA pAvai nAhiM / / budhajana : budhajana vilAsa, vairAgya, dohA saMkhyA 13, pAnA sa. 27 /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa pAlaka guru se kahate haiM jisameM bAlaka khAna-pAna ke yogya dravyArjana kara sake-adhakarI vidyA kI hI zikSA denA / jahAM bAlaka 20-22 varSa kA ho gayA mAtA-pitA ne dRSTi badalI aura yaha saMkalpa karane lage ki kaba bAlaka kA vivAha ho jAya ? isI cintA meM magna rahane lage / mantatogatvA apane tulya hI bAlaka ko banAkara, saMsAra vRddhi kA hI prayatna karate haiM / isa taraha yaha saMsAra cakra cala rahA hai| isameM koI viralA hI mahAnubhAva hogA jo apane bAlaka ko brahmacArI banAkara svapara ke upakAra meM prAyu pUrNa kare / prAja se 2000 varSa pUrva zramaNa-saMskRti thii| taba bAlaka gaNa muniyoM ke pAsa rahakara vidyAdhyayana karate the| koI to muniveza meM adhyayana karate the| koI brahmacArI veza meM hI adhyayana karate the / koI sAdhAraNa deza meM vidyA pradhyayana karate the / snAtaka hone ke anantara koI to gRhasthAvasthA ko tyAgakara muni ho jAte the, koI mAjanma brahmacArI rahate the, koI gRhastha banakara hI apanA jIvana nirvAha karate meM, parantu aba to gRhasthAcasthA chor3akara koI bhI tyAga karanA nahIM cAhatA / satat gRhastha dharma meM rahakara janma gaMvAte haiN| kucha loga mAna ke kSetra meM vibhinna matoM kI sRSTi karate haiM / mAramA aura brahma ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana upaniSadoM meM tathA advaita vAnta ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai / vAstava meM yAtmavAda aura brahmavAda ye donoM hI svataMtra siddhAnta haiN| kisI eka se dUsare kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / prathama siddhAnta ke anusAra agaNita prAtmA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahe haiM, aura agaNita hI paramAtmA bana gaye haiM / ye paramAtmA saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti aura laya meM koI bhAga nahIM lete| isake viparIta, brahmavAda ke anusAra pratyeka vastu brahma se hI utpanna hotI hai aura usI meM laya ho jAtI hai| vibhinna prAramAe eka parabahma ke hI aMza haiM / jaina aura sAMkhya mukhyatayA prAtmavAda ke siddhAnta ko mAnate haiM, jabaki vaidika paraMparAnuyAyI brahmavAda ko / parantu upaniSad ina donoM siddhAntoM ko milA dete haiM aura prAsmA tathA brahma kI ekatA kA samarthana karate haiN| vastuta: budhajana jaise jaina kavi kAvya ke mAdhyama se dargana, jAna, cAritra kI abhivyaMjanA karate rahe haiM / ye AtmA kA amaratva evaM janma-janmAntaroM ke saMskAroM kI aparihAryatA dikhalAne ke pUrva parvajanma ke AkhyAnoM kA bhI saMyojana karate rahe haiN| prasaMgavaza, cArvAka, tatvoplavavAda prati nAstika vAdoM kA nirasana kara prAtmA kA 1. vIvAraNI, 3,254/260 2. DaoN0 prA0 ne0 upAdhyeH paramAtma prakAza tathA yogasAra kI prastAvanA, rAyacaMdra zAstramAlA bambaI, sana 1674 /

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___ kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva amaratva aura karma saMskAra kA vaiziSTya pratipAdana karate rahe / / kavivara budhAjana kI samasta racanAoM kA adhyayana karane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki unhoMne pranAdi karmabandhanabaddha jIvoM ko sanmArga meM pravRtta karAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / unhoMne saMsAra bhramaNa kI vibhISikA kA bar3e hI mArmika zabdoM meM varNana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM : jagat ke prAraNI prAtma hita kI khoja meM udyamazIla dRSTigocara hote haiM parantu sadupadeza ke prabhAva se mRgatRSNA meM jAna-saMkalpa-prAnta mRgoM kI taraha itastata: bhaTakate hue prabhISTa phala se vacita hI rahate haiN| unheM jIva kA vAstavika hita kyA hai aura usa hita sAdhana ko sAkSAt tathA paramparA praNAlI kyA hai ? isakA jJAna na hone se kheda khinna honA par3atA hai / jIva ke prAnanda rUpa guNa vizeSa ko sukha kahate haiM / yaha sukha guraNa anAdi kAla se jJAnAvaraNAdi praSTa karmoM ke nimitta se bhAvika pariNati spa ho rahA hai / sukha guNa kI isa vaibhAvika pariNati ko hI duHstra kahate haiM / isa prAkulatA rUpa duHkha ke do bheda haiM--eka sAtA aura dUsarA prasAtA / saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke padArtha haiM, jo prati samaya yathAyogya nimitta milane para svAbhAvika tathA vabhASika paryAya hA pariNamana karate haiM / yadi paramArtha dRSTi se dekhA jAya to koI bhI padArtha na iSTa hai aura na aniSTa hai / yadi padArthoM meM hI iSTAniSTatA holI to eka padArtha jo eka manuSya ko iSTa hai vaha sabahI ko iSTa hotA aura jo eka ko bhaniSTa hai vaha sabahIM ko aniSTa hotaa| parantu saMsAra meM isase viparIta dekhA jAtA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki padArthoM meM iSTAniSTatA nahIM hai| kintu jIvoM na bhramavaNa kisI padArtha ko iSTa aura kisI ko aniSTa mAna rakhA hai| mohanIya karma ke udaya se durabhiniveza pUrvapha iSTAniSTa padAthoM meM yaha jIba rAga-dveSa ko prApta hotA hai, jisase niraMtara jJAnAcaraNAdika karmoM kA bandha karake isa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA huA iSTAniSTa, saMmoga-viyoga meM apane ko sukhI-duHkhI mAnatA hai| bhramavamA isa jIva ne jisako sukha mAna rakhA hai vaha vAstava meM mAkulatAtmaka hone se duHkha hI hai / ye sAMsArika pAkulatAtmaka sukha-duHkha prAtmA ke svAbhAvika suTa guru kA karmajanya vikRta pariNAma hai| karmoM se mukta hone para guraNa kI svAbhAvika paryAya ko hI yathArtha susva prathayA vAstavika Atmahita kahate haiN| 1. jaina DaoN0 nemicandra jyotiSAcArya : bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paraMparA, bhAga-4, pRSTha-2 / 2. daulatarAma : chahaDhAlA, tRtIya DhAla, terahavAM saMskaraNa, paJca saM0 1 pRSTha sa' 17 sarala jana prantha bhaMDAra 407, javAharagaMja, jabalapura /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa kaSi ne prArama hita ke yo sAdhana batalAye haiN| pahalA munidharma aura dUsarA gRhastha dharma / unhoMne munidharma ko prAtmahita kA sAkSAt sAdhana kahA tathA gRhastha dharma ko paraMparA mokSa kA yA prArama-hita kA sAdhana kahA / sAkSAt sukha ke sAdhana ko spaSTa karate hue kavi ne ruipA hai, yA mukhaeko girA korAle zAnAvaraNAdi praSTa karma haiM / jaba taka ye karma mAtmA se jude na hoMge taba taka isa jIva ko yathArtha sukha nahIM mila sktaa| nyAya kA siddhAnta hai ki jisa kAraNa se jisa kArya kI utpatti hotI hai usa kAraNa ke prabhAva se ukta kArya kI utpatti kA bhI prabhAva ho jAtA hai| ukta nyAya ke anusAra yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki jina kAraNoM se karma kA sambandha hotA hai una kAraNoM ke prabhAva se karma kA viyoga avazya ho jAyagA / miSyA jJAna pUrvaka rAga-dveSa se karma kA bandha hotA hai, prata: samyagjJAna purvaka rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti se yaha jIva karmoM se mukta ho sakatA hai / eka deza jJAna kI prApti tathA rAga Sa kI niyusi yadyapi gRhasthAzrama meM bhI ho sakatI hai parantu pUrNatayA jJAna kI prApti tathA rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti muni avasthA meM hI hotI hai / isaliye prAtma-hita kA sAkSAt sAdhana munidharma hI hai / yaha muni dharma bAraha bhAvanAoM ke citavana karane se hI pragaTa hotA hai| pradhyAtma rAga : kavivara adhyAtma zAstroM ke kore paMrita hI na the kintu unhoMne una madhyAtma zAstroM ke adhyayana-manana evaM cisana se jo kucha bhI jJAna prApta kiyA thA, ve use daDha zraddhA meM pariNata karane ke sAtha-sAtha prAMzika rUpa se apane jIvana meM tadnukUla vartana karane kA bhI prayatna karate the| unakA jIvana adhyAtma rasa se siMcita thA tathApi ye iSTa yastu kA biyoga hone para bhI kAyaroM kI bhAMti duHkhI nahIM hote the, kintu vastu sthiti kA barAbara citana karate hue kamajorI se jo kucha bhI por3e se samaya ke liye dusa mapavA kaSTa kA anubhava hotA thA ve use apanI kamajorI samajhate the aura use dUra karane ke liye vastu svarUpa kA ciMtana kara usase mukta hone kA prayatna karate the| inhIM saba vicAroM se unakI guNazatA aura biveka kA paricaya milatA hai| vedhAtma dhyAna meM itane tallIna ho jAte the ki unheM bAhara kI kriyAnoM kA kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA thA / kisI kI niMdA aura prazaMsA meM ve kabhI bhAga nahIM lete the / yadi devayoga se aisA avasara prA bhI jAtA to buddhi pUrvaka usameM pravRtta nahIM hote the paura na apanI zAnti bhaMga karane kA koI upakrama hI karate the / ve karmodaya 1. muni sakala to basa bhAgI, bhava bhogana se vairaagii| vairAgya upAvana mAI, rile anuprekSA bhaaii|| haulata rAmaH ahavAlA, pAMcavoM DhAla, pA. 1 pRSTha sasyA 37, sarala jaina pratya bhaMDAra, jblpur|

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68 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva janma kriyAoM dvArA hone vAle iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM ke viyoga : saMyoga ko karmodaya kA vipAka samajhate the / usameM prapanI kartRtva buddhi aura ahaM kriyA rUpa mithyA vAsanA ko kisI prakAra kA koI sthAna nahIM dete the / isI kAraNa ve vyartha kI prazAnti se baca jAte the| sAtha hI pratatva-pariNati aura moha mamatA se apane ko bacAye rakhane meM sadA sAvadhAna rahate the--kabhI asAvadhAna athavA pramAdI nahIM hote the| ve svayaM socate aura vicArathe ve ki he prAtman ! jaba terI antaSTi jAgRta ho jAyagI usa samaya kAlalabdhi, satsaMga, nirvikalpatA aura guru upadeza sabhI sulabha ho jAyeMge / viSaya-kaSAyoM kI lalaka murajhA jAyagI, vaha phira tujhe apanI prora bhAkRSTa karane meM samarthana ho sakegI, mana kI gati sthira ho jAne se pariNAmoM kI sthiratA ho jAyagI / phira viveka rUpI agni prajvalita hogI aura usameM vibhAva-bhAva rUpa Idhana naSTa ho jAyagA / tere mantaghaTa meM viveka jAgRta hote hI mana para paraNati meM rAgI nahIM hogA aura tU saba taraha se samartha hokara anubhava rUpI raMga meM raMga jAyagA / tabhI sU svAnubhava rUpa prAtma-rasa kA anubhava karane lagegA jo sahaja, svAbhAvika sAra padArtha hai| 'jinendra bhakti kavi kA jIvana jahA~ madhyAtma zAstroM ke adhyayana meM pravRtta hotA thA, vahAM yaha bhakti rasa rUpa bAragaMgA kI niSkAma bimasa dhArA ke pravAha meM DubakiyAM gAtA rahatA thA / ve jinendra bhagavAna ke guNoM kA cintana evaM bhakti karate hue itane tanmaya athavA prAtma-vibhora ho jAte the ki unheM usa samaya bAhara kI pravRtti kA kucha bhI dhyAna nahIM rahatA thA- bhakti-rasa ke apUrva udaka meM ve apanA saba kucha bhUla jAte the- bhagavada bhavita karate hue unakI koI bhI bhAvanA usake dvArA dhanAdi kI prApti athavA aihika bhogopabhogoM kI pUrti rUpa manokAmanA ko pUrNa karane kI nahIM hotI thI, isI se unakI bhakti niSkAma kahI jAtI thii| kavi kI bhakti kA eka mAtra lakSya sAMsArika vikalpoM ko miTAne aura AtmaguNoM kI prAnti kA thA / unakI yaha dRr3ha zraddhA thI ki usa vItarAgI jinendra kI divya mUrti kA darzana karane se janma-janmAntaroM ke azubha karmoM kA RNa zIghra cuka jAtA hai vaha vinaSTa ho jAtA hai aura pitta parama prAnanda se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| yadyapi jinendra kA guNAnuvAda atyanta gaMbhIra hai, yaha bacanoM se nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura jisake sunane avadhAraNA karane athavA zraddhA karane se yaha jIvAtmA karmoM ke phanda se chUTa jAtA hai| ve svayaM kahate haiM-he prabho ! maiMne prAja taka bhArakI pahicAna nahIM kI, yatra tatra bhaTakatA rahA na jAne kauna kauna se rAgI-vaiSI devoM kI upAsanA karatA rahA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhramavaza prAtmA ke liye ahitakArI padArthoM ko apanA hitakArI mAnatA rahA / mithyA mAnyatA ke kAraNa maiMne jo karmopArjana kiye, unhoMne mere saMpUrNa jJAna-dhana ko lUTa liyA / zAna-dhana ke suTa jAne se apane kartavya ko bhUlakara sanmArga se bhraSTa ho aneka prakAra kI khoTI gatiyoM meM bhaTakatA rahA / he prabho ! Aja kI ghar3I dhanya hai, prAja kA divasa dhanya hai, maura mAja merA

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-- kAzI vizrA 6e yaha mAnava jIvana bhI dhanya ho gayA / prAja mere saubhAgya kA udaya huA hai, jo maiMne Apake darzana prApta kiye| prApako vikAra varjita nAsAgra dRSTi, praSTa prAti hArya, nagna mudrA, anaMtaguNa yukta ApakI chavi ko nirakhakara zrAja merA janma-janmAMtara se lagA mithyAtvabhAva yA ajJAna bhAva naSTa ho gayA / zrAja mere zrAtma svarUpa kI pahicAna karAne vAlA samyakatva rUpI sUrya kA udaya huA hai| he prabho ! Apake zubha darzana prApta kara mujhe apAra harSa ho rahA / aisA haSaM ho rahA hai, jaisA kisI raMka ko mariNa bhAdi ratnoM ke prApta hone para hotA hai / he prabho ! maiM hAtha jor3akara prApake pavitra caraNoM meM nata mastaka hotA hU / he prabho ! Apake zubha darzana kara mujhe kisI bhI sAMsArika padArtha kI prabhilASA nahIM hai / meM zrApakI bhakti ke pratApa se na svarga cAhatA hUM, na rAjA bananA cAhatA hU aura na kuTumbiyoM kA sAtha cAhatA hU~ / kevala eka hI prArthanA hai ki mujhe janma-janmAntara meM bhApakI punIta bhakti prApta hotI rahe / kavi ke nimna pada isI bhAvanA ke dyotaka haiM : sarasvatI (jinavANI) kI stuti jinendrabhakti ke samAna hI kavi dvArA kI gaI hai| jinavANI ke prati kavi kI AsthA pradvitIya hai / ve likhate haiM- jinendra ke mukha rUpI kuDa se vANI rUpI gaMgA nikalatI hai, usane saMsAra ke viSama saMtApa evaM 1. prabhu patita pAvana meM apAvana, caraNa grAmo zaraNa jI / yo viraha Apa nihAra svAmI, meTi jAmana maraNa jI / / tuma nA pichAnyo anya mAnyo deva vividha prakAra jI / yA buddhi seto mija na jAnyo, bhrama ginyo hitakAra jI || bhava- vikaTa vana meM karma berI, jJAnadhana mero harayo / sabha iSTa mUlyo bhraSTa hoya, aniSTha gati barato phiryo / ghana ghar3I yo bama-divasa yo ho dhana jamana mero bho / bhaya bhAgya mero udaya bhayo, varaza prabhujI ko lali layo || chavi vItarAgo bhagana mudrA, vRSTi nAzaH pe dhare / vasu prAtihA anaMta guraNa yuta koTi ravi chavi ko hare // miTa gayo timira midhyAhana mero uvaya ravi mAtama bhayo / mI jara haraSa aiso bhayo, mana raMka vitAmariMga layI // maiM hAtha jor3a manAU mastaka, vInaU tuma caraNa o / sarvotkRSTa triloka pati jina sunahu tAraNa taraNa jI || yA nahIM suravAsa puni nararAja parijana sAtha jii| grupa yAvahU tuma bhakti bhava-bhava dIjiye ziva nAtha jI // kavi duSajanaH devadarzana stuti, jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, pu0 534-35 bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana |

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100 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhrama ko dUra kara diyA hai| jo prANI jinendra ke vacana rUpa jahAja meM baiTha jAtA hai| vaha bhava samudra se tira jAtA hai| isake sivAya saMsAra samudra se pAra hone kA manya koI ilAja nahIM hai / jinavANI ke prati kavi ke prantaHkaraNa meM kaisI TUTa zraddhA hai-- ananya mAvanA hai, yaha dekhate hI banatA / yaha racanA kavi kI kavitva zakti kI paricAyaka hai / kavi ne sarasvatI mAtA ko aSTadravya se pUjA kI hai| ve likhate haiM- he mAtA ! maiM jo zrApake punIta caraNoM meM jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa dhUpa aura phala rUpa praSTa viSa sAmagrI car3hatA hU~ vaha to AlaMbana mAtra hai, vastutaH maiM to apane bhAvoM kI zuddhi cAhatA hU~ aura vahI merA lakSya hai| ve bhAge kahate haiM- maiM anAdi kAla se saMsAra meM bhramaraNa kara rahA huuN| mithyAbuddhi ke kAraNa meM Aja taka zrAtma-jJAna se sarvathA paricita rahA / maiM viSaya kaSAya rUpa zrama- kUpa DUbA rahA / zrAja maiM bhAgyazAlI hUM, jo maiMne ApakA zaraNa prApta kiyA / dhApa jinendradeva ke mukha se pragaTa huI ho, anekAnta svarUpa ho / munijana prApakI sadaiva sevA karate haiM / bhApa bhramarUpa viSa ko dUra karane ke liye amRta tulya ho / saMsAra ke viSama-saMtApa ko dUra karane ke liye gaMgA kI dhArA ke samAna ho / hai mAtA ! Apa dayA kI kaMda ho, paropakAra karane meM sadA tatpara ho / Apa cAra anuyoga rUpa cAra vedoM meM vibhakta ho 12 prathamAnuyoga rUpa prathama veda dvArA prANI puNya-pApa ke phala kA vicAra karate haiM / karaNAnuyoga rUpa dvitIya veda ke dvArA prANI tInoM lokoM kI racanA kA jJAna karate haiM | caraNAnuyoga rUpa tRtIya- veda ke dvArA muni aura zrAvaka ke AcaraNa kI preraNA prApta karate haiM aura drabhyAnuyoga rUpa caturthaM veda ke dvArA prANI jIvAdi SaT dravyoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karate haiM / isa prakAra cAra veda rUpa cAroM anuyogoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana karate hue kaci ne aMtima padya meM apanI laghutA prakaTa karate hue apane nAma kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM -: 1. he jinavANI / zrApa zrarayanta udAra ho, guNa rUpa jala kI dhArA zrApa meM zrI jina bena jahAja, gahate hI bhavi tari gaye / yA bina nAhi ilAja, janama jaladhi ke tirama ko || budhajamaH sarasvatI pUjA, zAstra-bhaMDAra vi0 aMna maMdira pATodI, jayapura hastalikhita prati 1 2. tuma dayAva upagAra vAri, jana-jana kahate ho veda cAra jama: sarasvatI pUjA, zAstra bhaMDAra vi0 jaina maMdira pATodI, jayapura hastalikhita prati /

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bhAka pakSIya vizleSaNa 101 1 prabhAvita hotI hai / Apake guNoM kA koI pAra nahIM pA sakatA / maiM kevala prapane mukha se ApakA guNAnuvAda gAtA humrA Apake caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAkara prArthanA karatA hU~ ki zrApa mere (budhajana ke ) saMpUrNa doSoM ko dUra kareM 11 isake atirikta pUrvavartI prAcAryoM evaM kaviyoM kI bhAMti muSajana ne bhI bAraha bhAvanAoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / bAraha bhAvanAoM ke varNana kI jaina sAhitya meM eka lambI paraMparA prApta hotI hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM bAraha bhAvanAoM ke racayitA AcAryoM evaM kaviyoM ke nAma mAtra de rahA hU~ / una vidvAnoM ne vibhinna zatAbdiyoM meM vibhinna bhASAoM meM isa prakAra ko sarala racanAeM kI hai : sarvaprathama jaMnAcArya kuMdakuda ne prAkRta bhASA meM 'bArasa praNuvekkhA' nAma se racanA kI thI unake pazcAt svAmI kArtikeya, jalhAsiMha railU, maTTAraka sakala kauti, paM. yogadeva, bhaTTAraka guNacandra dIpacanva zAha, buSajana, maMgata rAya, paM0 lakSmIcanda, paM0 brahma sAdhAraNa bhUdharadAsa, jagasI, hemarAja, jayacanda, dIpacanda, daulatarAma, maiyA bhagabatIdAsa, zivalAla, giradhara zarmA, ba0 cunnIlAla desAI, yugalajI koTA, nathamala bilAlA kSu0 manohara barapa ne nasukhadAsa, DaoN0 jyotiprasAda bArelAla Adi ne bAraha bhAvanAeM likhIM 1 . kavivara budhajana ne 12 bhAvanAoM meM sAMsArika jIvana kI prasAratA ko sarasatA ke sAtha kahA hai| isa saMsAra meM rAjA aura raMka sabako maranA hai| marane se unheM koI roka nahIM sktaa| loka meM janma, jarA aura maraNa se prAkrAnta jIva kI zaraNa sthiti kA vicAra karanA azaraNa bhAvanA hai| saMsAra ke svarUpa aura usake duHkhoM kA vicAra karanA saMsAra anuprekSA hai / mrAtmA prakelA janmatA hai aura akelA maratA hai tathA akelA hI apane karmaphala kA anubhava karatA hai / koI kisI ke sukhaduHkha meM sAjhI nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra ciMtana karanA ekatva bhAvanA hai| jIva kA zarIra Adi se prathak citana karanA anyatva bhAvanA hai| zarIra kI aparihArya zucitA kA vicAra karate hue usase virakta honA azuci bhAvanA hai| karmoM ke zrAzrava kI prakriyA kA ciMtana karatA aura use zrananta saMsAra baMdha kA kAraNa samajhanA Azrava bhAvanA hai / saMghara ke svarUpa kA ciMtana karanA saMvara anuprekSA hai| karma kI nirjarA zraura usake kAraNoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA nirjarA bhAvanA hai| loka ke svabhAva aura AkAra Adi kA ciMtana karanA loka bhAvanA hai| samyak darzana, 1. tuma parama ubArA ho guna dhArA, pArAbArA pArakaro / sukhateM gunagAU, sosa namAU, 'budhajana' ke saba doSa haro / / kavi budhajanaH sarasvatI pUjA, zAstra bhaMDAra di0 jaina maMdira, pATodI, likhita prati jayapura, hasta

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102 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva samyammAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa bodhi kI durlabhatA kA vicAra karanA bodhi durlabha bhAvanA hai| dharma ke svarUpa kA vicAra kara pAtmA ko dharmamaya banAne kA vicAra karanA dharma bhAvanA hai| kavivara budhajana kA kahanA hai ki ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kA citavana karane se bhAvoM meM vairAgya kI jAgati hotI hai / isa vizva ke gavaM deha ke vAstavika svarUpa kA vicAra karata-karate bhAtmA viSaya-bhogoM se virakta ho, vilakSaNa prakAza yukta divyajIvana kI ora jhukatA hai / jana kavi maMgatarAya kitane udbodhaka zabdoM meM mAnava bhAkRti dhArI isa loka aura usake dravyoM kA vicAra karatA hunA prAtmonmukha hone kI preraNA karatA hai| pratyeka saMsArI jIva apane-apane bhAvoM ke anasAra kisa prakAra aura kauna-kauna se karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai / budhajana kavi ke anusAra ukta sAraNI meM dRSTavya hai / guraNasthAna apekSA prakRtiyoM ke baMdha 1. mithyAtva tIrthakara, prAhArapha zarIra, prAhAraka aMgopAMga kA baMdha chUTa jAtA hai| 120-6-117 2.sAsAdana mithyAtva, huMDaka saMsthAna, napusaka baida, narakagati narakagatyAnupUrva, naraphAyu, arsaprAptAmRpArikA-saMhanana, ekendriya, do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya, sthAvara, AtApa, sUkSma, aparyApta sAdhAraNa kA baMdha suTa jAtA hai| 117-16-101 3. mitra anaMtAnubaMdhI janma 25 prakRtiyAM aura manuSyAyu devAyu kA baMgha nahIM hotA hai| 1.1-27-74 4. bhavirata samyagdRSTi tIrthaMkara, manuSyAyu, devAyu kA baMdha hotA 73-3-77 5. deza virati apratyAkhyAna-4, manuSyagati, manuSya gatyAnupUrvI manuSyAyu, devAyu, audArika 1. jaina 0 rAjakumAra : madhyAtmapAvalI, pR0 55, bhA. zAmapITha prakAzana 1964 2. loka aloka bhAkAza mAhi thira, nirAdhAra bAnA / puruSa rUpa karakaTI bhaye, SaT draSyanisoM mAno / / baMga kavi maMgatarAya : bAraha bhAvanA (loka bhASamara), ninavANI saMgraha bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa 103 77-10-67 67-4-63 6. pramatta 7, apramatta 63-62-56 56-1-58 8. apUrvakaraNa 6. anivRttikaraNa zarIra maMgopAMga banavRSabhanArAyasaMhanana kA baMdha ghaTa jAtA hai| pratyAkhyAna-4 kA baMpa chuTa jAtA hai| asthira, prazabha, masAtAvaMdanIya, ayazakIrti prarati, zoka prAdi 6 kA baMSa chUTa jAtA hai| prAhAraka zarIra, mAhAraka aMgopAMga kA baMndha hotA hai / devAyu kA baMdha khaTa AtA hai| nidrA, pracalA, tIrthakara, nirmANa, prazasta vihAmogati, 5 indriya, tejasazarIra, kAmAMsazasa, AhAraka thA aura aMgopAMga, samacaturasrasaMsthAna, vaikriyaka zarIra aura aMgopAMga, devagati, devagatyAnupUrvI, devAyu sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa, pragurulaghu, upaghAta, paravAta, ucchAsa, zrasa, vAdara, paryApta, pratyeka, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, hAsya, prAdeya, rati, jugupsA bhayaM / saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, puruSa veda ye pAMca prakRtiyAM chUTa jAtI haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya 5, darzanAvaraNIya 4, mata rAya 5, yazaH kIrti, uccagotra kA baMdha chuTa jAtA hai| uparokta anusAra eka hI prakRti kA baMdha hotA hai| sAtAvedanIya kA bandha upacAra se hotA 58-36-28 10. sUkSmasAparAya 22-5-17 11. upazAntamoha 17-16-1 12. kSINamoha 13. saMyogakezvalI 14. ayogakevalI eka bhI prakRti kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai nirvANa kA kinArA hai|| 1. budhajana: satyArpayoSa, pRSTha 161-177, pada saMkhyA 66-115, prakAzaka kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, lazkara /

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104 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 'kavivara badhajana ke auSadhivijJAna se sambandhita udAharaNa (1) adhika khAne se bImArI hotI hai / adhika bolane se mAna ghaTa jAtA hai| adhika sone se ghana kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / ataH kisI bhI bAta ko ati nahIM karanA cAhiye / / (2) vastra, jUte, gAya kA dUdha, davAI, bIja aura bhojana inase jitanA lAma milatA hai, utanA lAbha avazya lenA cAhiye jisase ki kaSToM kA nivAraNa ho / (3) ulaTI mA ke karane se kapha kA nAza hotA hai / mAliza karane se vAyu vikAra miTatA hai / snAna karane se pita zamana hotA hai aura laMghana karane se bukhAra kA nAza hotA hai / / (v) kor3hI vyakti ko mAMsa, jvara ke rogI ko ghRta, zUla ke rogI ko do dAloM vAlA anna, netra ke rogoM kI mathuna saMvana nahIM karanA cAhiye / atIsAra ke rogI ko nayA anna nahIM khAnA cAhiye / (5) apadhya-sevana se, svAda kA dhyAna rakhane se, roga dUra nahIM ho sakatA ata: yadi roga dUra karanA ho to kuTakI kA cirAyatA (kar3avIdavA) pIne yogya hai aura rUkhA bhojana (supAnya) karanA yogya hai / (6) bhUkha se kama khAnA pramusa tulya hotA hai aura khUba pradhAkara khA lenA viSa ke samAna hai / Unodara bhojana zarIra ko puSTa karatA hai aura bala bar3hAtA sm pratikhAne meM roga hai, ati bole jyA mAna / pratisoyeM dhanahAni hai, prati matikaro sujAna / / 126 / / / 2. paTa panahI bahasvIra go, bhoSaSi bIja prahAra / jyoM lAbha syoM lIjiye, kIje tukha parihAra // 23 // vamana karate kapha miTai, maradama meTeM bAsa / snAna kiye te pitta miTe, saMdhana teMDara jAta // 27 // 4. kor3ha mAMsa ghRta aravi, sUla dvidala yo TAra / garogI maithuna to, navau dhAma pratisAra // 27 // 5. svAda lakha roga na miTa, kIye kupatha akAja / sAtai kuTaMkI pIjiye, khAM lUzA nAja // 32 // kaSi budhajana saptasaI, paDa saMkhyA 126,268,277,278 /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa hai parantu adhika khAne se rogoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| (7) bhUkha kI davA bhojana aura ThaMDa kI davA vastra hai / (8) svAnA, pInA, sonA, laghuzaMkA, dIrghazaMkA ye prasAdhya roga haiN|" (6) jIma kI lolupatA vaza anekoM vyaktiyoM kA bigAr3a hotA hai| prataH jIma kI lolupatA tyAgane para hI sukha hotA hai / machalI, kabUtara, magara, bandara the jivhA ke lolupI hai ataH unheM hara koI pakar3a letA hai / inake prANa saMkaTApanna rahate haiN|' (10) satya kahane se doSa miTa jAte haiM, parantu anyathA (asasya) kahane se doSa nahIM miTate / apane roga kI yathAvat jAnakArI dene vAle vyakti kI hI yogya cikitsA sambhava hai / (11) yadi kisI anucita kArya ko rokane meM hamArA vaza nahIM calasA ho to usakA samarthana na karate hue prabola rahanA hI ThIka hai, kyoMki bolane se upadrava bar3hatA hai, jaise tUphAnI samudra meM havA lagane se upadrava aura bar3hatA hai| bIca-bIca meM loka pracalita evaM racanAnoM meM samAgata lokoktiyoM kA yathAsthAna prayoga kiyA gayA hai| inase viSaya kI spaSTatA ke sAtha-sAtha zailI meM bhI gatizIlatA pAI hai / kucha isa prakAra hai : 1. amata Ugovara asana, viSasama khAna pradhAma / rahai pugTa tama basa kareM, yAta roga bar3hAya // 324 // 2. bhUkha roga meTana prasana, vasana haranakoM sIta / / 325 // 3. khAnA pImA sovanI, kuni laghu vIragha vyASi // 376 / / rAvaraMka ke ekasI, aisI kriyA prasAdhi // 4. me bigarete svAvateM, saja svAda sukha hoya / moma parevA makara hari, parileta hara koya // 322 / / 5. sAMca kahe sUSana miTa, nAsara doSa na jAya / jyoM kI syoM rogI kahai, tAko vana upAya / / 332 / / 6. anucita ho hai basidhinA, sAmai raho prabola / mole jyoM vArilagi, sAyara jaThaM kalola // 413 // sudhajana satasaI, padya saMkhyA 324,325,373,322, tathA 413 budhajana, satasaI, patha sakhyA 11,14,15,37,54,64,122,123,84,114,115 tathA 165 /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (1) pIjai tuSA smaan| (2) haraSata hai mnmor| (3) ratana citAmaNipAyake gahai kAMca ko hAtha / (4) tAro gari hAtha / (5) jaisA bani nirakhatisA sIsAmeM darasAya: 1 16) mahArAja kI zeva taji se kauna kaMgAla' / (7) amRtI pAsa vicArika chatIdaMta chiTakAya' / () saraghA saM saMsaya saba jAya / (E! sIkha daI saradhai nahIM, kara rana dina saur| (10) pUta nahIM vaha bhUta hai, mahApApaphala thora / / (11) karma kiMgAHhigA hai| (12) avasarata bolo iso jyoM ATe meM naunA / (13) mAlaniDhAke TokarA, chUTe lakhike chala / (14) adhika saralatA sukhada nahi, dekho vipina nihAra / sIdhe biravA kATi gaye, vAke khar3e hajAra / / jaina zAstroM kA eka vargIkaraNa cAra anupayogoM ke rUpa meM bhI kavi dvArA kiyA gayA hai :(1) prathamAnuyoga (2) karaNAnuyoga (3) caraNAnuyoga (4) dravyAnuyoga anuyogoM kI kathana-zailI prAdi kA sAmAnya varNana to pUrvAcAryoM ke granthoM meM milatA hai para vaha ati saMkSepa meM hai| kavibara budhajana ne cAroM anuyogoM kA sundara evaM sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai / __aba hama pratyeka anuyoga ke sambandha meM saMkSipta rUpa meM anuzIlana prastuta kreNge| prathamAnayoga jina granthoM meM cAroM puruSArthoM, kisI eka mahApuruSa ke caritra aura asala zalAkA puruSArthoM ke caritra kA varNana hotA hai una kathA, caritra, aura purANa kahe jAne vAle graMthoM ko prayamAnuyoga kahate haiN| prathamAnuyoga ke adhyayana se zraddhA kI vRddhi hotI hai| prathamAnuyoga ke 1. prAcArya samantabhadraH ralakaramhazrAvakAcAra, adhyAya-2, zloka 42-46 sarama jama anya bhaMDAra, jabalapura /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa 107 pradhyayana se puNyamaya pariNAma hote haiN| prathamAnuroga ke adhyayana se enA garIba brAhmaNa ko nairAgya ho gyaa| prathamAnuyoga ke adhyayana ke pazcAt anya anuyogoM ke pradhyayana se AtmA kA kalyANa ho jAtA hai / prathamAnuyoga ke adhyayana se mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meM se utthAna patana hotA hai| saMsAra kI dazA kyA hai isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue buka yA I-sA raba nAte kacce dhAge ke samAna haiM / saccA sAthI eka mAtra dharmAcaraNa hI hai 11 sAmAnya zreNI meM acyutpanna vyakti athavA mithyAvRSTi ke liye prathamAnuyoga kA abhyAsa prArambha se avazyaka hai / prathamAnuyoga kI zabdazaH byutpatti gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM isa prakAra prApta hotI hai : prathama arthAt midhyAdRSTi, avatI athavA aJyutpanna vizeSa jJAna rahita vyakti . kA prAznaya lekara pravRtta huaA jo anuyoga arthAt adhikAra hai vaha prathamAnuyoga hai| usake abhyAsa se durbala anta:karaNa ko apAra bala evaM preraNA prApta hotI hai| rASTra ke jIvana-nirmANa meM usake satpuruSoM kA itihAsa jisa prakAra utsAha ko jagAtA hunA nava cetanA pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra tIrthakara, cakravartI, kAmadeva, kAdi mahApuruSoM kI jIvana gAthA meM prabhyAsa se zodha hI mana kI malinatA dUra hotI hai / hRdaya kA saMtApa dUra hotA hai / bhAvoM meM saMkleSa vRtti ke sthAna meM vizuddha paripati kA prAvirbhAva hotA hai / usase yaha tatva prakAza meM AtA hai ki mahAn patita pariNAma tathA avasyA bAlA jIva kisa prakAra dharma kI mAraNa grahaNa kara kramazaH unnati karatA huA JSTha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| prathamAnuyoga meM prApta eka dRSTAnta isa prakAra hai : subhaga nAma ke gvAle ne bhayaMkara zItaRtu meM dekhA ki eka muni rAtri bhara aMgala meM dhyAna karate rahe / unako yaha tapasyA dekhakara usakA mana kAraMbAra unakA smaraNa karatA rahA / prAtaHkAla mUryodaya ke hone para Namo arahatANam' sabana kA uccAraNa kara ve munirAja cAraNa Rddhi ke pratApa se AkAza meM gamana karate hue anyatra cale gye| una munirAja ke jIvana se gopAlaka ko bar3I preraNA milI / usane sadA 'gamo narahaMtANam' zabda kA uccAraNa karanA-maraNa karanA apanA kartavya banA liyA / mRtyu ke pazcAt badda sudarzana seTha humA aura ratnatraya kI prArAdhanA ka phalasvarUpa vaha mokSa padavI kA svAmI bana gayA / prazramAnuyoga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana atyanta rocaka DhaMga se kathA ke rUpa meM variNata hai jo prANI mAtra ko preraNAdAyaka hai| 1. budhanamaH budhajana vilAsa, pakSa saMkhyA 44, pRSTha saMkhyA 23, prakA0 jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, 161 / 1 harIsana ror3a, kalakattA /

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108 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ___ janasAdhAraNa kI hitakArI sAmagrI prathamAnuyoga meM prApta hotI hai / isameM jIvana ko pradAna mAne gAlI nitA sApaNI prAna molI hai| isase bAlaka, strI, grAmINa, jana sAdhAraNa kA akathanIya kalyANa hotA hai| saMkaTa ke samaya dhairya dhAraNa, vamaM pAlana meM tatpara prAtmAnoM kA varNana par3hakara duHkhI hRdaya ko sAsvanA prApta hotI hai / usa vipatti kI dizA meM satpuruSoM kI jIvanavArtA candrikA ke samAna prakAza tathA zAnti pradAna karatI hai| mahAparANa meM likhA hai ki narakAmu kA baMdha hone para vyathita mana vAle zreNika mahArAja ne gautama svAmI se puNya kathA nirUpaNArya prArthanA kI thI usane vAhA thA 'bhagavAna ! kRpA kara prArambha se zalAkA puruSoM kI jIvana kathA kahiye / mere duSTa kAryoM kA nivAraNa puNyakathA-zravaNa dvArA sampanna hogaa| vipatti kI belA meM tatvajJAna kA zuSka upadeza mana para utanA asara nahIM karatA hai jitanA una mahApuruSoM kA pAkhyAna, jinane haMsate-haMsate vipatti ke sAgara ko tirA hai / tatvajJAnI upadeza detA hai ki zarIra aura prAtmA pRthaka-pRthaka haiM parantu usakA kathana zIghra samajha meM nahIM prAtA / parantu jaba hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM ki mAtma dhyAna meM nimagna sAdhurAja sukumAla svAmI ke zarIra kA bhakSaNa syAlinI ne kiyA parantu sAdhurAja' sukumAla dhyAnastha rahe unake isa caritra dvArA uparokta kathana kitanA spaSTa hotA hai / isIliye svAmI samantabhadra ne prathamAnuyoga ko bodhi arthAta ratnatraya kI prApti kA kAraNa kahA hai tathA use samAdhi kA bhaMDAra batAyA hai / apane purvavartI prAcAryoM kI paramparA ke anusAra kavivara budhajana ne bhI cAroM anuyogoM ko pAgama kahA hai aura prAgama pramANa mAnA hai| prathamAnuyoga kA jJAna bhI samyagjJAna hai kyoMki vaha prAgama hai / ina purANoM (prathamAnupoga ke granthoM) ke par3hane se tatkAla mahAna puNya kA saMcaya hotA hai aura azubha karmo kI mirjarA ho jAtI hai| cUki ye bhI jinabacana tatprasIva vibho vaktumAmUlAtpAvanAM kathAm / niskriyo duSkRtasyAstu mamapuNya kathA zrutiH / / prAcArya jinasema: mahApurANa, parva-2, zloka-25, prathama bhAga, 1944, prathama saMskaraNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, phAzI / / 2. prathamAnuyogamadhAsthAnaM caritaM purANamati puNyam / bodhi samAdhi nidhAnaM bodhati bodhaH samIcInaH / / prAcArya samantabhadraH ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, dvitIya pariccheda, zloka saMkhyA 43 sarala jaina grantha bhaMDAra, jblpur|

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa hai, bArahaveM aMga ke pAMca bhedoM (parikrama, sUtroM, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cUlikA) meM se yaha prathamAnuyoga tRtIya bheda rUpa hai, isaliye dvAdazAMga ke antargata hI hai / / karaNAnuyoga jo tha tajJAna loka-praloka ke vibhAga ko, yuga ke parivartana ko aura cAroM gatiyoM ke parivartana ko darpaNa ke samAna jAnatA hai use karaNAnuyoga kahate haiM / paM. ToDaramala likhate haiM:-jisameM guNasthAna mArgaNAsthAna Adi rUpa jIva kA tathA kamoM kA pora tIna loka sambandhI magola kA varNana hotA hai use karaNAnuproga kahate haiM ! karaNa zabda ke do artha haiM pariNAma aura gaNita ke sUtra prata: khagola aura bhUgola kA varNana karane vAlA tathA jIva maura karma ke sambandha prAdi ke nirUpaka karma siddhAnta viSayaka graMtha karaNAnuyoga meM liye jAte haiN| isake antargata dvIpa, samudra, parvata, nadiyAM, kSetra evaM nagarAdi ke sAtha sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tArA Adi kA bhI varNana pAtA hai / yaha aisA no sAhitA hai. jisameM Adhunika jyotiSa, nimitta, graha-gaNita aura bhUgola kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / isameM adholoka, madhyaloka, urca loka ina tIna lokoM kA varNana rahatA hai / adholoka meM 7 narakoM tathA unake 49 paTaloM kA varNana rahatA hai / madhyaloka meM jaMbadIpa tathA lavaNa-samudra prAdi asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM kA varNana rahatA hai| kacaloka meM kalpa aura kalpAtIta vimAnoM ko batalAkara solaha svargoM meM vimAnoM kI saMkhyAH indraka vimAnoM kA pramANAdi, zreriNajasa vimAnoM kA pravasthAna, dakSiNendroM aura uttarendroM kA nivAsa, sAmAnika Adi devoM kI saMkhyA kalpoM meM striyoM ke utpatti sthAna, pravIvAra, vikriyA avadhijJAna kA viSaya, janma maraNa kA antarakAla, indrAdikA utkRSTa virahakAla, vAyu, lokAntika devoM kA svarUpa, devAMganAmoM kI prAyu, uclAsava AhAra grahaNa kA kAla, gati pragati Adi kA kathana hai| saMsthAna vicaya dharmayAna karaNAnuyoga ke granthoM ke adhyayana se hI kiyA jAtA hai / karma prakRtiyoM ke udaya mAdi ke samaya vipAka vinaya dharmadhyAna hotA hai ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha karaNAnuyoga samyakatva va saMyama kA kAraNa hai / 1. lokAloka vibhavateyuga parivRtezcaturgatInAM / mAdamiSa tathA matiravaiti karaNAnuyoga cha / prAcArya samantabhadra, ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra, patha sa. 44 pR0 sa0 33 sarala jaina grantha bhaMDAra jabalapura / 2. prAdhikA jJAnamatI: pravacananirdezikA, pR0 saM0 143-44 prakA0vi0 maina triloka zoSa saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) 1977 / 3. paM. ToDaramala mokSamArga prakAzaka pR0 saM0 363, kizanagaDha

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva paragAnuyoga jo sambarajJAna thAvaka aura managAra ( muni ) ke cAritra kI ulati vRddhi aura rakSA kA sAdhana hai aise zAstroM kI prAcArya dharaNAnuyoga pAgama kahate haiM / gRhastha aura muniyoM ke prAcaraNa niyamoM kA varNana caraNAnupAMga ke zAstroM meM hotA hai| dvAdazAMga meM bhI prAcAroga nAmaka aMga sabase prathama praga hai jisameM muniyoM ke cAritra kA sAMgopAMga barNana hai / bhagavAna ke samavaNAraga meM bhI bAraha sabhAmoM meM se bhagavAna ke sanmukha pahalI sabhA meM munigarA hI virAjate haiM cUki bhagavAna ke upadeza ko sAkSAt grahaNa karake mokSa kI siddhi karane vAle muni ho haiM / cAritra sabhI ke dvAga aura sadA pUjya hai| ataH caraNAnuyoga se pArina kA lakSaNa jAnakara use dhAraNa karanA caahiye| dravyAnuyoga jo zAstra, jIva-ajIva tatvoM ko, puNya-pApa ko, baMdha-mokSa ko bhAva cuta ke anusAra jAnatA hai use dravyAnuyoga kahate haiM / karaNAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya kI taraha draSyAnuyoga viSayaka jaina sAhitya bhI bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ubata tattvoM ke pradhAna jJAtA evaM pravaktA the / dravyAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya kA mUlazrota zrasa kA dRSTibAda aMga hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt prAcArya kunda kunda nedravyAnuyoga sambandhI sAhitya kI racanA kii| dravyAnuyoga ke viSaya ko spaSTa rUpa se mamajhAne ke liye sabala yuktiyoM kA prayoga prAcArya kunda kunda ne kiyA hai| kyoMki ve isa anuyoga ke viSayabhUta padArthoM kA saccA zradAna karAnA cAhate the| unhoMne jIvAdi chaha dravya ka sAta tatvoM kI vyAkhyA itane sundara DhaMga se kI hai ki madhyastha bhAva dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti isake adhyayana se vItarAgatA kI preraNA prApta kara letA hai| bItarAgatA kI prApti karanA hI unakA prayojana yA / bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM gotama gaNa ghara ke pazcAt kudakudAcArya kA smaraNa isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ve jaina siddhAntoM ke prabhAvaka pravaktA evaM jJAsA rahe haiM / isa dhyAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai 1. gRhabhedhyanagArANAM, cAritrotpatti parikSAgama / cararaNAnuyoga samaya, samyamAna vijAnAti // prAcArya samantabhadraH ratnakaraDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka saM0 45, pR. saM. 33 2. paM. ToDaramala : mokSamArga prakAzaka, pR0 sa0 363, kizanagar3ha / 3. jIvAjIrasutatve, puNyApugye ca maMdha mokSI cha / ghavyAnuyoga dIpa: a tabidhA lokamAtanute / / prAcArya samantabhadraH rasnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka satyA 46, pR0 sa0 34 4. maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro, maMgala gautamo gaNo / maMgalaM kundhakundAyo, jaina dharmostu magalam / / maMgalAcaraNa /

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bhAvapakSIya vizleSaNa 111 viSayaka zAstroM ke praNetA evaM pravaktA haiN| inake dvArA racita pramukha grantha haiMsamayasAra, aSTapAhuDa, daza parama prakAza jinameM tatvoM kA nizAMya fare yuktiyoM va prabala pramANoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, vaha satya jJAna viSayaka zAstra hai| paMcAstikAya pravacanasAra, niyamasAra tatvArtha sUtra, sarvArthasiddhi tatvArthavArtika, dravyasaMgraha, tatvArthasAra, vRhadramasaMgraha Adi grantha tatvajJAna kA pratipAdana karate haiM ataH inheM tatvajJAna viSayaka zAstra kahA jAtA hai| donoM hI prakAra ke dravyAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya kA mukhya prayojana sva-para kA bheda vijJAna karAnA hai / cAroM hI anuyoga vItarAga bhAvoM kI vRddhi karane vAle haiN| chataH koI eka anuyoga vizeSa acchA hai aisA kahanA ThIka nhiiN| anuyogoM kA adhyayana krama anuyogoM ke adhyayana krama kA koI nizcita niyama nirdhArita karanA saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki pAtha kI yogyatA aura ruci bhinna bhinna prakAra kI hotI hai tathApi katipaya granthoM meM anuyogoM ke adhyayana kama kA varNana milatA | pUjana ke bAda jo zAMti pATha jaina maMdiroM meM par3hane kI paraMparA hai usameM krama isa prakAra hai / prathamaM karaNaM caraNaM dravyaM namaH prathamAnuyoga karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ko namaskAra hai / saMpUrNa zrutajJAna yA dvAdazAMga vANI ko 11 zraMga va cauvaha pUrva meM gaMdhA gayA hai / unameM sarvaprathama bhASArAMga kA ullekha hai kyoMki zrAcArazAstra AbAla vRddha sabhI ke jIvana ko sukhI banAne vAle niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa kara vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana ko vyavasthita banAtA hai| azubha pariNAmoM yA prazubha kAryoM se nivRtta honA aura zubha pariNAmoM meM yA sata kAryoM meM pravRtta honA hI zrAcArazAstra kA vidhAna hai| prAcArazAstra jIva ko saceta karatA hai samrA viSayasukhoM meM rata hone vAle jIva ko viSaya mukha se virakta karatA hai| viSaya sukha ko heya batAkara usase glAni utpanna karAtA hai| viSaya sambandhI moha aura tRSNA ko dUra karatA hai | moha aura tRSNA ke dUra hone se viSaya viSa ke samAna mAlUma hone lagate haiN| sAMsArika dukhoM kA mUla kAraNa viSaya vAsanA hai| usakA parityAga AcArAMga batAtA hai / zrAcArAMga yaha bhI batAtA hai ki he jIva ! yadi tujheM alaukika Atma-esa kA pAna karanA hai to viSaya-vAsanAghoM kA parityAga kara zrAtma sukha kA vikAsa karo aura manuSya paryAya ko saphala kro| jo prAnanda jJAna kI carcA meM hai usase ananta guNA isa cAritra meM hai / taiMtIsa sAgara taka jJAna carcA kA anubhava karake jo zrAnanda prApta nahIM huA usase anantaguNA zrAnanda munipada dhAraNa karane meM huA / isaliye mAnava mAtra kA karttavya hai ki vaha apanI agni kI zikhA ke samAna prajvalita viSaya-vAsanAoM kA tyAga karane ke liye prathama AcArAMga kA prAzraya le / zradhyAtmaviSayaka aura tatvajJAna viSayaka | abheda ratnatraya kA jisameM vana ho baha adhyAtma zAstra hai | kudakuda, pramRtacandrasUri, jayasena yAdi AcArya zradhyAtma

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kAvya khaMDakAvya muktaka-kAdhya 1 vardhamAna purANa sUcanikA geya dohA jakhar3I stuti pUjA sphuTa (phuTakara) (1) chahaLAlA 1 satasaI baMdanAjakhaDI vimala jine- sarasvatI tatvArtha bodha evara stuti pUjA (2) padasaMgraha naMdIzvara (3) budhajana vilAsa jayamAlA budhajana vilAsa ke viSaya budhajana : vilAsa meyapada 1 vinatI (2) DhAla maMgalakI 3 hAla tribhuvana guru svAmI kI 4 vimala jinezvara vinatI 5 bhare mUDha tU kyoM bharamAnA (cinatI) 6 aisI hai vANI jinavara kI vinatI) 7 lagana mohilAgI dekhana kI (vinatI) 8 the tatva vicAro jI (vinatI) 6 tuma jagata pichAnyAjI (vinatI) 10 arahaMta deva kI stuti 11 samamita bhAvanA 12 pUjASTaka 13 guru vinatI 14 jinopakAra smaraNa stotra bhASA 15 zuddhAtma jakhar3I chandobaddha muktaka 1 vicAra paccIsI 2 bivudha-chasIsI 3 upadeza chattIsI 4 bodhadvAdasI 5. darzana-paccIsI 6 doSa vAvanI 7 vadhana battIsI jAna paJcIsI vairAgya bhAvanA 10 caubIsa ThANA 11 iSTa chattIsI 12 dodazAnuprekSA 13 zrAvakAcAra battIsI

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa 16 zAradASTaka 17 naMdIzvara jaya mAlA 18 jinavANI jaba mAlA 16 darzanASTaka kavivara budhajana ne apanI prasiddha racanA 'tatvArtha bodha' meM vibhinna viSayoM para vistRta prakAza DAlA hai / unhone cipsa kI ekAgratA ke liye dhyAna ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA hai| unake dvArA pratipAdita dhyAna ke prakAra nimna cArTa dvArA samajhe jA sakate haiN| dhyAna pAtaM dhyAna raudra dhyAna dharma dhyAna zukla dhyAna 1 iSTa viyoga 1 hisAnaMda 1 prAjJAvicaya 1 pRthaktva vitarka 2 praniSTa saMyoga 2 mRpAnanda 2 upAyavicama 2 ekatva vitarka 3 pITA ciMtana 3 steyAnaMda 3 vipAkavicaya 3 sUkSmakriyA prati pAtI 4 nidAnabaMdha 4 parigrahAnaMda 4 saMsthAnavicaya 4 vyuparata kriyA nivartI dhyAna kI paribhASA kavivara budhajana ke zabdoM meM :-- citta ko ekAgra karanA prarthAt prAtma guNoM kI aora lagAnA tathA anya saMsAra sambandhI saMpUrNa vikalpoM ko haTAnA yA unase dUra rahanA, unheM citta meM na mAne denA isI phA nAma dhyAna hai / vaha dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai| prAta, rodra, dharma aura zukla / inameM se prathama do prakAra kA dhyAna (mAtaM aura raudra dhyAna) azubha dhyAna haiN| dUsare do dhyAna 1. citta ekAparokanA, vikalpa mAna nibAra / dhyAna kahata hai sAsakA, bheva cAra parakAra // 12 // pArasa na kuSyAna vo, azubha kuti vAtAra / dharma zukla zubha dhyAna jo suraziva sukha dAtAra // 13 // ka-viSajanaH taravArthayoSa pR0 258 dhyAnaracanA prarUpaNa, zlo. 12-13, pR0sa0 258

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114 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ( dharma aura zukla ) ye zubha dhyAna haiN| ye donoM dhyAna svarga va mokSa ke sAdhaka haiN| isase yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki prAraMbha ke zrI dhyAna naraka va tiryaca gati ke sAdhaka hai / loka kI vyavasthA ke sambandha meM kavi ke vicAra loka jo samasta dravyoM ko apane meM avakAza detA hai use zrAkAza dravya kahate haiM / AkAza dravya ke do bheda haiM / 1. lokAkAza, 2. zralokAvaNa / prAkAza dravya ke jitane bhAga meM dharmAcika dravya nivAsa pAte haiM unane bhAga ko lokAvaraNa aura jahAM anya koI dravya nahIM kevala AkAza hI AkAyA hai, use akakamA kahate haiN| yaha sapUrNa loka dhanodadhi vastavalaya ghanavAtavalaya aura tanvAtatralaya se vaidrita hai| lanujJAtavalaya prakAza ke prAzrama hai aura AkAza apane hI yAzraya hai / usako dUsare Azraya kI zrAvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki prAkAza sarvavyApI hai| dhanodadhi vAtavalaya kA varNa raMga ke samAna, dhanavAtatralaya kA varNana gomUtra ke samAna aura tanuvAtavalaya kA va avyakta hai / " isa loka ke bilakula bIca meM eka rAjU caur3I, eka rAjU lambI aura caudaha rAjU UMcI trasa nAr3I hai| isakA vyAsa eka rAjU hai| trasa jIvoM kI utpatti sa nAr3I meM hotI hai| basa nAr3I ke bAhara nahIM / yaha kSetra kA pramANa svataH hai kisI ke dvArA kiyA huA nahIM hai / isa svataH ke pramANa meM kamI bezI nahIM hotI / " isa loka ke tIna bhAga haiN| 1. adholoka 2. madhyaloka 3. urdhvaloka / mUla se sAta rAjU kI UMcAI taka adholoka hai| sumerU parvata kI UMcAI (eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana) ke samAna madhya loka hai aura sumerU parvata ke Upara arthAt eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kama sAta rAjU pramANa Urdhvaloka hai / zradholoka nIce se lagAkara merU kI jar3a paryanta sAna rAjU UMcA adholoka hai / jisa pRthvI para asmadAdika nivAsa karate haiM usa pRthvI kA nAma citrA pRthvI hai| isakI moTAI eka hajAra yojana hai aura yaha pRthvI madhyaloka meM ginI jAtI hai| sumerU parvata kI jar3a eka hajAra yojana citrA pRthvI ke bhItara hai tathA ninyAnabe hajAra yojana citrA pRthvI ke bhItara hai tathA ninyAnave hajAra yojana citrA pRthvI ke Upara hai aura cAlIsa yojana kI cUlikA hai / saba milAkara eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana UkhA madhyaloka hai / merU kI jar3a ke nIce se proloka kA prAraMbha hai| 1. budhajana : tatvArtha bodha, padya 0 25, pR0 43 budhajana : tatvArtha bodha padya saM0 26-30, 10 44

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa 115. sabase pahane merU parvata kI AdhArabhUta ratnaprabhA pRthvI hai| isa pRthvI kA pUrva pazcima aura uttara-dakSiNa dizA meM loka ke anta paryanta vistAra hai / isa hI prakAra zeSa chaha pRthviyoM kA bhI pUrva pazcima aura uttara dakSiNa dizAoM meM loka ke prAnta paryanta vistAra hai / moTAI kA pramANa sabakA bhinna-bhinna hai / pAna ke udaya se yaha jIva naraka gati meM upajatA hai, jahAM ki nAnA prakAra ke bhayAnaka tIvra dukhoM ko bhogatA hai / pahalI bAra pRthvI tathA pAMcavI ke tRtIyAMza narakoM meM uSNatA kI tIvra vedanA hai tathA nIce ke narakoM meM zIta kI tIvra vedanA hai / anya svakRta-parakRta nAnA prakAra ke dukha haiM jinakA varNana prasaMbhava hai / isalie jo mahAzapa ina narakoM ke ghora duHkhoM se bhayabhIta hue hoM, ve juA, corI, madya, mAMsa, vezyA, para strI tathA zikAra yAdika mahApApoM ko dUra hI se chor3a degeM / madhyaloka madhyaloka kA varNana kavivara budhajana ne kAphI vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai / unhoMne madhyaloka paMcAsikA zIrSaka dvArA 50 padyoM meM madhyaloka kA varNana kiyA hai| prAraMbha karate hue kavi likhate haiM- maiM sarvajJa ko mastaka jhukAkara tathA grAma (jinavANI) kA sAra samajhakara madhyaloka paMcAsikA kA varNana bahuta soca vicAra kara karatA hU~ / bhUmi meM jar3a hai tathA ninyAnave hajAra yojana bhUmi ke Upara UMcAI hai aura cAlIsa yojana kI cUlikA hai| yaha sumerU parvata golAkAra bhUmi para daza hajAra yojana caur3A hai tathA Upara eka hajAra yojana caur3A hai| sumerU parvata ke cAroM tarapha bhUmi para bhadra zAla vana hai| vaha bhadrazAla vana pUrva aura pazcima dizA meM bAvIsa 2 hajAra yojana aura uttara dakSiNa dizA meM DhAI ThAI sau yojana caur3A hai| pRthvI se pAMca sau yojana UMcA calakara sumerU ke cAroM tarapha dvitIya kaTanI para pAMca sau yojana caur3A somanasa vana hai | saumanasa se chattIsa hajAra yojana UMcA calakara sumerU ke cAroM tarapha tIsarI kaTanI para cAra sau corAnave yojana caur3A pANDuka vana hai / merU kI cAroM vidizAoM meM cAra gajadanta parvata hai| dakSiNa aura uttara bhadrasAla tathA niSadha aura nIla parvata ke bIca meM devarU zrIra uttara kuru hai / merU kI pUrva dizA meM pUrva videha aura pazcima dizA meM pazcima videha hai / jambUdIpa se kI khaMDa aura puSkarArthaM dvIpa meM hai / manuSya loka ke bhItara aura tIsa bhoga bhUmi haiM / dUnI racanA dhAta pandraha karmabhUmi saravana kUM siradAyakaM, lakhijibha bhAgama sarara | madhyaloka paMcAsikA, paratU vividha vicAra || yudhajana: tatvArtha bodha, madya saMkhyA 44, pR045 lazkara / 1.

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pAThaveM naMdIzvara dvIpa meM abhima jina maMdira tathA prakRtrima jina pratimAe hai| "mAnuSottara parvata ke bAhara jo jina maMdira hai vahAM kI pratimAnoM ke darzana devagaNa hI kara sakate haiM tathA mAnuSottara parvata ke andara prarthAt DhAI dvIpa meM jo prakRtrima jina maMdiroM meM prakRtrima jina pratimA hai unake darzana deva tathA vidyAdhara kara pakate haiN| DhAI hI ke hara ni godIva nahIM pahu~ca sakate, kevala RddhidhArI hI pahuMca sakate haiM / yaha samasta racanA anAdi anighana hai| yahAM kabhI koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| Urdhvaloka merU se Urdhvaloka ke anta taka ke zava ko Udhaloka kahate haiM / isa Urvaloka ke do bheda haiM, eka kalpa aura dUsarA kalpAlIla / jahAM indrAdika kI ? __ adholoba ke Upara eka rAjU lambA eka rAjU caur3A aura eka lArana cAlIsa yojana UcA madhyaloka hai / isa mAmaloka ke bilkula bIca meM golAkAra eka lakSa yojana vyAsa bAlA jambUddhIpa bare khAI kI bhAMti dherai hue golAkAra lavaNa samudra hai / isa lavaNa samudra kI caur3AI sarvana do lakSa yojana hai / punaH lacaraNa samudra ko cAroM ora se ghere hue golAkAra ghAtako khaMra dvIpa hai jisakI caur3AI sarvatra cAra lakSa yojana hai| dhAtakI khaMDa ko cAroM tarapha se ghere hue prA3 lakSa yojana caur3A kAlodadhi samUdra hai tathA kAlodadhi samudra ko cAroM tarapha se ghere hue solaha lakSa vojana caur3A puSkara dvIpa hai / isa hI prakAra se dUne dUne vistAra ko lie paraspara eka dUsare ko ghere hue asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra haiN| aMta meM svayaMbhU ramaNa samudra hai| cAroM konoM meM pRthvI hai| puSkara dvIpa ke bIcoM bIma mAnuSotara parvata hai jisase puSkara dvIpa ke do bhAga ho gaye haiN| jambU dvIpa pAtakI khaMDa dvIpa puSkarAcaM dvIpa isa prakAra DhAI dvIpa meM manuSya rahate haiM / DhAI dvIpa se bAhara manuSya nahIM hai tathA tithaMca samasta madhyaloka meM nivAsa karate haiN| sthAvara jIva samasta loka meM bhare hue haiM / jalacara jIva lavaNodadhi, kAlodadhi aura svayaMbhU ramaNa ina tIna samudroM meM hI hote haiM anya samudroM meM nahIM / jambUdvIpa eka lakSa yojana caur3A golAkAra hai / isa jambUdvIpa meM pUrva aura pazcima dizA meM lambAyamAna donoM tarapha pUrva aura pazcima samudra ko sparza karate hue himavana, mahAhimavana niSagha, nIla kakmi aura zikharI isa prakAra yaha kulAcala (parvata) haiM / ina kulAcaloM ke kAraNa sAta bhAga ho gaye haiM / dakSiNa dizA ke prathama bhAnuSotra bAhara jinakAma, tahA~ deva hI kareM praNAma / hAIdvIpa bhItara jinageha, sura vidyAvara pade teha // adhajana: tatvArtha bodha, padya saMkhyA 45-46, pRSTha saMkhyA 46 lazkara /

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bhAva pakSIya vizleSaNa bhAga kA nAma bharata kSetra, dvitIya bhAga kA nAma hemavata aura tatIya bhAga kA nAma harikSetra me / isa hI prakAra uttaradizA ke prathama bhAga kA nAma airAvata, dvitIya bhAga kA nAma hairaNyavata aura tRtIya bhAga kA nAma ramyaka kSetra hai / mazgrabhAga kA nAma videha kSetra hai| bharatakSetra kI caur3AI 526 yojana hai | videha kSetra ke bIcoM bIca sumeru parvata hai / sumeru pardhana kI eka hajAra yojana kalpanA hotI hai, unako kalma kahate haiM aura jahAM graha kalpanA nahIM hai ume kalpAtIta kahate haiM / kalpa meM 16 svarga haiM-1 saudharma, 2 IzAna, 3 mAra, 4 pa , he tara 7 lAvata, 8 kApiSTha, 9 zukra, 10 mahAzukra, 11 satAra, 12 sahasAra, 13 mAnata 14 prArakhata, 15 prAraNa, 16 pracyuta / ina saulaha svargoM meM se do-do svAre meM saMyukta rAjya hai / isa kAraNa saudharma IzAna, sAnta kumAra-mAhendra ityAdi do-do svargoM kA eka-eka yugala hai / uparokta 16 svagoM meM 12 indra hai| solaha svoM ke Upara kalpAtIta meM lo apo greveyaka, tIna madhyama preveyaka aura tIna uparima praveyaka isa prakAra nava greveSaka hai| nava predeyaka ke Upara nava anudiza vimAna tathA unake Upara paMca anusara vimAna haiM / isa prakAra isa urvanopha meM baMmAnika devoM kA nivAsa hai| marU ko culikA se eka bAla ke (keza ke) antara para Rju vimAna hai| yahAM se sodharma svarga kA prAraMbha hai| marU tala se lagAkara Der3ha rAjU kI UMcAI para saudharma-IzAna yugala kA anta hai / usake kAra Der3ha rAjU maiM sAnatkumAra-mAhendra yucala hai / usase Upara Adhe-sAdhe rAjU meM chahU~ yugala haiN| isa prakAra chaha rAjU meM pATha yugala haiN| loka ke anta meM eka rAjU caur3I, sAta rAj lambI aura grAu pojana moTI Iyat prArabhAra nAmaka pAThacI pRthvI hai| usa pAThabI pRthvI ke bIca meM rUpyamayI chatrAkAra manuSyakSetra samAna gola 45 lakSa yojana caur3I madhya meM pATha yojana moTI (aMta taka moTAI krama se ghaTatI huI hai / ) siddha zilA hai / usa siddha zilA ke Upara tanuvAda meM muktajIva virAjamAna haiN| usa zivAlaya dhAma (mokSa) meM ananta siddhajItra haiM ve anaMta jJAna adhyAvAgha suta prAdi anaMta guNoM se zobhAyamAna haiM kavivara budhajana unako sadA praNAma karate haiN| 1 siddha anaMtAnaMsako, tahAM zivAlayathAma / rAje pravyAyAdhasukha, tinako sadA praNAma !! budhajanaH tatvAryabodha, padya saMkhyA 42 pRSTha 46 prakA. kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, lazkara

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tRtIya adhyAya (bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana) 1. bhASA zilpasambandhI vizleSaNa kavivara budhajana ne jisa bhASA kA prayoga apanI racanAmoM meM kiyA hai, usake sambandha meM gaMbhIratA se vicAra karane se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakI maulika tathA anudita racanAnoM kI bhASA meM--nyUnAdhika prantara prayazya rahA hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakI bhASA ke do rUma rahe haiN| kavivara budhajana ne saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM meM likhe granthoM kA dezI bhASA meM rUpAntaraNa kiyaa| unhoMne aneka dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika granthoM kA hindI meM mUla-sparzI anuvAda kiyA / anuvAda meM maulikatA ko pUrNa surakSA hai / unhoMne dezI bhApA meM dArzanika vicAroM kA pratipAdana kara jana-jana taka pradhyAtma dhArA pravAhita karane kA mahAna kArya kiyaa| prAcIna kAla meM magadhI aura pramAgadhI bhASA meM anya likhe jAte the / kAlAntara meM jaba usa bhASA meM samajhanA kaThina ho gayA, taba saMskRta meM zAstra racanA hone lgii| aura jaba saMskRta bhASA vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se atyadhika jakar3a dI gayI, taba usameM bhI samajhanA kaThina ho gayA aura tabhI dezI bhASAoM meM racanAeM hone lagIM / jana-sAdhAraNa ko samajhAne ke nimitta hI aisI racanAmoM kA praNayana huaa| kahA bhI hai-isa nikRSTa samayavirSe hama sArikha maMda buddhIna se bhI hIna buddhi ke ghanI ghanejana pramalokiye haiM / tinako tina padani kA artha jJAna hone ke prathidharmAnurAga ke vazateM deza bhASAmaya grantha karane kI hamAre icchA bhaI, tAkArI hama' yaha grantha banAveM haiM / sau ina viSa bhI artha sahita tina hI pani kA prakAzana hI hai / itanA to vizeSa hai jaise prAkRta, saMskRta pada likhiye hai, parantu martha virSe vyabhicAra killU nAhIM / jainAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne prAkRta ke samAna hI saMskRta, apannaza evaM hindI prAdi vibhinna bhASAoM meM samAna rUpa se apane vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA kara thAGamaya kI vRddhi kI hai| kavivara budhajana ne bhI ukta paddhati kA anusaraNa kara chAGgamaya kI vRddhi kii| 1. paM0 Toramala : mokSamArga prakAzaka, pR. saMsthA-26, ananta kIti andhamAlA,

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa 119 aja mizrita dvArI (rAjasthAnI) bhASA kavi kI kRtiyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se dRSTi gocara hotI hai / kavivara kI racanAmoM meM sAmAnyataH yahI bhASA prayukta hai / rAjasthAna pradeza kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai| yaha rAjapUtAnA, madhyabhArata ke pazcimI bhAga, pradeza, siMgaraya, paM: nimana kSeH bolI jAtI hai| mukhya rUpa se vaha marUbhUmi kI bhASA hai / DA. priyasana ne ise cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : (1) mAravAr3I (2) madhyapUrvIya samudAya (jisakI viziSTa bolI jayapurI hai| (3) pazcimolarI samudAya (jisakI viziSTa bolI mevAtI hai) aura (4) mAlavI / inhIM cAroM ko rAjasthAnI kI cAra mukhya-vibhASAnoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 1 DaoN0 caTarjI ne rAjasthAnI boliyoM ko pazcimI aura pUrvI ina do vargoM meM samAhita kiyA hai, kintu DaoN0 tivArI inake cAra varga mAnate haiN| yathA(11 pazcimI rAjasthAnI mAravAr3I) (2) pUrvI rAjasthAnI (jamapurI, kizanagar3hI, najamerI, hADotI) (3) dakSiNa pUrvI rAjasthAnI (mAlavI) (4) dakSiNI rAjasthAnI (bhIlI-saurASTrI) inake antargata prasiddha upa boliyAM bhI haiM / sAhityika dRSTi se mAravAr3I bhApA samaddha hai / vAstava meM rAjasthAnI kA udagama zaurasenI apabhraza se khojA jAtA hai| usakA eka parvatIya pa madhya pahAr3I kA srota bhI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki harA, zAka, garjara Adi logoM ke sahavAsa aura prasAra ke ina kSetroM ko kucha samAnata! pradAna kI hai| rAjasthAnI meM aneka dvAroM se zabda-praveza humA hai| yaha vyavasthA kevala rAjasthAnI bhASA para hI lAgU nahIM hotI, apisu prAyaH sabhI boliyoM aura bhASAnoM para lAgU hotI hai / rAjasthAna eka pradeza hai, jahAM prAcIna kAla meM aneka jAtiyoM kA AvAgamana hotA rahA hai / unake saMparka se aneka zabda rAjasthAnI meM praviSTa hae / rAjasthAnI kA zabda samUha adholikhita srotoM se sambandhita hai aura usakA vibhAjana isa prakAra hai| 1 tatsama zabda 2 tadbhava zabda 3 anArya bhASAoM ke zabda 4 aAdhunika boliyoM se udhAra liye pAkana 5 dezama zabda 3 videzI-zabda vibhinna srotoM se prApta ina zabdoM ko rAjasthAnI bolI se dhvani aura rUpatatva ke anurUpa isa prakAra pacA liyA hai ki ve aba usI ke bana gaye haiN| saMskRta arabI, phArasI tathA agrejI zabda isa prakAra rAjasthAnI kI prakRti meM Dhale

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kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva milate haiM ki ve videzI pratIta hI nahIM hote| yahAM taka ki kaI saMskRta zabdoM meM dhvanyAtmaka parivartana hI nahIM hAra varan unameM parya-parivartana ke bhI manoraMjaka dRSTAnta milate haiN| isameM tatmama zabda kI apekSA tadabhava zabda adhika haiN| una sabakA vivaraNa prastuta karanA gaMbhava nahIM hai / yahA katipaya viziSTa zabdoM ko hI liyA jA rahA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : tatsama zabda-sarapati 16) prAnaMdaghana (14) mAtApa (14) bhAnupratApa (18) vacanAmRta (22) dInAnAtha (42) prativimbita (21) pASANa (178) sAmrAjya (87) zUnnA (128) pratithidAna (176) sugurU (235) ripUdhAta (287) suthA (356) anyAya (26) hitamita (410) ujjavala (468) kovida (514) jJAnAmata (544) apacarga (586 tadbhava zamda-padArtha (padAratha) pa.saM. 8, tRSA (tasa) 11, argalA (grAgala) grAhaka (gAhaka) lavaNa (loNa) tatvArtha (tatvAratha) triyA (tiyA) 78, jvara (jura) 61, sarvamva (saravasa) 450, ratna (ratana) 15, pragaTa (paragaTa) mAga (mAraga) 46, malpa (alapa) 307, nirvAha (niranAha) 63, darzaka (darasaka) 52, ityaadi| deza zabda-nAtari (221) pAlI (221) bugalA (221) hukamI (258) parevA (315) mauta 405) ityAdi / vivezI zabda bidezI zabda-musalamAnoM aura aMgrejoM ke prabhAva se Aye haiN| rAjasthAna para musalamAnoM kA zAsana nahIM rahA, para dillI daravAra se unakA saMparka rahA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa aneka arabI, phArasI ke pAda rAjasthAnI meM praviSTa hue| inheM bolane vAlA grAmINa vyakti yaha anubhava nahIM karatA ki ye rAjasthAnI ke zabda nahIM haiM / ye zabda hindI, urdU ke mAdhyama se, kucha janasaMparka se aura kucha kacahariyoM ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI bhASA meM ghulamila gaye haiM / yathA darda (461) cakata (58) matalaba (62) maMgarUra (114) gAphila (385) jaldI (5.13) karAra (ikarAra) (ustAda) daragA (daragAha) jAyadAda, tajurbA, dastakhata, durUsta, paravasa, matalaba (62) ityaadi| agrejI zabda-TAima, peMsila, phoTU, peMsana, aphasara, sAiMsa miDila, pulisa mAsTara, miniTa, aspatAla, mITiMga ityAdi / rAjasthAnI zabda-vanarau (5) barajorI (5) caMDAra (36) prabAra (12) dukhAM kI qhAna (66) khosileya (235) kalAvinA, pAyasI (636) ityAdi TUDhArI kA kSetra vibhAjana mokhAvaTI ke atirikta purA jayapUra, kizanagar3ha tathA alavara kA adhikAMza bhAga, ajamera meravAr3A kA uttara pUrvI bhAga /

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zilpI vizleSaNa 121 kavivara budhajana ne apanI racanAoMoM meM pracalita lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM ke prayoga bhI yathA sthAna kiye haiM, jo pratyatra dRSTavya haiN| yathA--- (1) jisase anna khAde tisau manna huve | (2) karda ghI ghagNAM, karda muThI caraNAM // ityAdi so dhIrendra varmA ne apane 'hindI bhASA kA itihAsa' meM zaurasenI apabhraMza se rAjasthAnI bhASA kA vikAsa mAnA hai| vAstava meM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 'Da' varNa kI bahulatA hai | bahuvacana ke anta meM bhA jAtA hai / yathA tArA (tAroM) rAtAM (rAtoM) mAtAM (bAtoM) / ko ke sthAna para ne na hama ke liye mheM, calasU (calUgA) jAnU' (jAUMgA) calasI (calegA ) ityAdi / 1 bhASAoM ke samvandha meM nimna likhita cArTa se yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki hindI pradeza kI bhASAeM kisa prakAra eka dUsare se sambaddha haiM / hindI pradeza kI bhASAeM (madhyadeza) T pUrvI boliyA pazcima boliyAM T T avadhI chattIsagar3hI bhojapurI bihArI rAjasthAnI braja budevI pahAr3I khar3IbolI I mAravAr3I DhUMDhArI mAnavI maitrAtI rAjasthAnI pakSa- racanAtmaka saMgaThana meM bhI kucha samAnatAeM dekhI jA sakatI haiM kartA meM da, karma meM ku, karaNa meM se, saMpradAna meM tAI, kU, apAdAna meM se, te sambandha meM ko, kA, kI, ro, rA, rI, adhikaraNa meM mAM / pUrvI rAjasthAnI meM to 'ta' (hindI ne) karttA karma tathA saMpradAna tInoM pAyA jAtA hai isameM sahAyaka kriyA 'che' pAI jAtI haiM / bhUtakAlika kRdanta vAle rUpa, rAjasthAna meM tho ( ba0va0yA) pratyava vAle pAye jAte haiM / yathA calyo, gayo / budhajana kI racanAoM meM baja bhASA va rAjasthAnI kA sammizra samAveza dekhA jA sakatA hai / braja bhASA kA saMkSipta vyAkaraNa nimna prakAra dRSTavya hai-- 1. DaoN. jagadIza prasAda hindI udbhava vikAsa aura rUpa, pR0 saM0 63, prathama saMskararaNa, kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAva /

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122 kavivara budhaja : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kartA kAraka-meM, meM / karmakAraka-ka-va saMpradAna kAraka-ju', koM, ke, keM / karaNa va apAdAna-soM, sU, te, te / sambandha kAraka-ko, ke (pulliMga), strIliMga kI / pradhikaraNa kAraka-meM, meM, pe, gau / vizeSaNa prAyaH khar3I bolI kI bhAMti hI hote haiM, kintu pulliga prakArAnta zabda yahAM praukArAnta ho jAte haiM / inake tiryaka rUpa ||k bacana ke rUpa se prathayA e aura pulliMga bahuvacana ke rUpa e, ai yA e pratyAnta hote haiM / kriyA rUpa vartamAna meM, h| bhUta-meM thA yA htii| ekavacana bahuvacana ekavacana (strI) ekavacana (pu0) ho / ho / bahuvacana (puru) bahuvacana (strI) saMkSepa meM, kavivara budhajana ne jisa deza bhASA kA prapanI racanAtroM meM prayoga kiyA hai, yaha TUDhArI (jayapurI) bhASA kahI jAtI hai| yahI usa pradeza kI tatkAlIna loka pracalita bhASA bhii| isameM vyAkaraNa ke nizeSa bandhana nahIM the / ata: jo loga vyAkaraNAdi se aparicita the, ve bhI bhalI bhAMti samajha sakate the| kavi ke sAhitya meM tatsama, aura dezI bhASA ke zabda milate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, anya bhASAnoM ke dezI-videzI loka-paraMparA ke mAdhyama se prAdhagata zabda bhI kadivara budhajana kI racanAoM meM bhalI-bhAMti parilakSita hote haiN| jahAM taka bhASA-zilpa kA prazna hai, kavi ne vibhinna-dhArAoM se samAgata bolacAla kI zabda sampatti se bharapUra sahaja, svAbhAvika padanAmoM kI racanAphara bhASA ko eka viziSTa kalevara pradAna kiyA hai| (2) dhvani prAmIya prakriyA dhvani bhASA kA mUla rUpa hai / hama jo bhI uchamAraNa karate hai, yaha saba

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa dhvanimaya hai / isaliye bhASA kI racanA varNoM se nahIM dhvaniyoM se hotI hai| mAnasa ke liye dhvani kI zakti aparimita hai / maMtra, taMtra, yaMtra, saMgIta, sAhitya tathA vijJAna meM dhvani kI viziSTa zaktiyoM kA ullekha nihila hai / saMpUrNa vAyumaMDala meM dhvani avyakta rUpa meM vyApta rahatI hai / prana: sAmAnyataH dhvani zarIra vyApAra kI yaha kriyA hai jise sthAsonyAsa lene va riga kahA jAtA hai / maMsAra kI lagabhaga sabhI bhASAoM meM kephar3e se niHsRta hone vAlI vAyudhvani kA nirmANa karatI hai| dhvani kI koI nicita paribhASA nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki dhvani vibhinna prakaraNoM ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna artha kI vAcaka hotI hai | ghaMTA yA kisI vAdya ke mita hone ke pUrva usa para TokA yA pAnAta kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai / jisa sthAna se dhvani utpanna hotI hai, yadi usakA sparza kiyA jAe to hama usakI gati kA anubhava kara sakate haiM jise kaMpana kahate haiM / ataH kaMpanazIla gati kA nAma hI ivani hai / dhvaniyAM kaI prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM, kintu hamArA yahAM abhiprAya bhASaraga-dhvani (Speach sound er pl. T) se hai / yathArtha meM bhASaNa meM parilakSita hone dAlI kaI dhvaniyAM bhASA meM nahIM milatI / prata: dhvaniyAM ve kaMpana hai jo kSipratA, tIvratA tathA samaya parimANa se karNandriya se TakarAkara apane guNoM ke sAtha bhAga-grAhya hote hai / bhASaNa dhvani eka dhvanyAtmaka ikAI hai, kintu dhvanigrAma evA parivAra hai jise bAradhvani bhI kahA gayA hai| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki bhASaNa dhvani eka dhvanyAtmaka ikAI hai| isameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai / bacAkarasoM ke mata meM ivani sakoTa malaka hai / 'sphoTa' pAbda hai, kyoMki usase ayaM sphurita hotA hai aura dhvani zabda kA guNa hai / donoM meM vyaMgya-vyaMjaka sambandha hai 1 dhvani vyaMjaka hai aura zabda vyaMgya / / dhvanigrAma kisI bhASA kI vaha artha bhedaka dhvanyAtmaka ikAI hai jo bhautika yathArtha na hokara mAnasika yathArtha hotI hai tathA jisakI ekAdhika aisI saMdhvaniyAM hotI hai, jo dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se milatI-julatI artha bhedakatA meM asamartha tathA mApasa meM yA to pari pUraka yA mukta vitaraNa meM hotI hai / bhASA vizeSa ke dhvanigrAmoM meM usa bhASA meM artha-bheda karane kI kSamatA hotI hai / udAharaNa ke liye hindI meM kAnA aura 'gAnA' meM artha kA antara 'ka' aura 'ga' ke kAraNa hai arthAta 'ka' 'ga' hindI meM artha-bhedaka haiM / me vyanigrAma hai| aba taka dhvaniyoM ke viSaya kA sUkSma-vivecana nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka dhvani yAbda ko tatsambandhI dhvani grAma kahate haiM, jaise kA, kI, ku meM mUla mani kA hai / vaijJAnika dRSTi se isa 'ka' ko dhvanigrAma kahate haiN| dhvaniyAma do prakAra ke hote haiM:-khaMDyadhvani grAma tathA khaMDyetara dhvanigrAma / / prathama kA upacAraNa svataMtra rUpa se ho sakatA hai| isameM kisI bhASA ke svara-dhvanigrAma tathA vyaMjana svanigrAma

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124 kavivara budhajana vyaktitva eva kRtitva prAte haiM / khaMDyetara-dhvanigrAma jinakA uccAraNa svataMtra rUpa se na ho sake, jo apane jaccAraNa ke liye khaMDvadhvani grAma para hI prAdhArita ho / dIrghatA, anunAsikatA, balAghAta, sura, lahara, saMgama yA nivRtti khaMDye tara dhvanigrAma ke antargata Ate haiN| ___hindI meM dhvanigrAma do prakAra ke haiM :- saMjaya aura khaMtara / saMkhyadhvani grAma ke do bheda hai (1) svara dhvanigrAma (2) vyaMjana dhvanigrAma khaMDyetara dhvani grAma ke 5 bheda hai-dIrghatA, anunAsikatA, balAghAta, anumAna aura saMgama / pacA oNphisa meM yA-proM / bAla-vaoNla / kAkI-kaoNphI / hAla kA haoNla / hindI meM sabhI svaroM ke anunAsika rUpa milate haiM pathA--haMsanA, dAMta siMghAr3A, sIMcanA, soMTha, bhesa ityAdi / ___ inake atirikta dhAtuoM ke pIche zabda lagAkara aneka kudanta rUpa va dhAtu noM ko chor3akara zeSa prAbdoM ke pare pratyaya lagAne se aneka taddhita zabda banate haiN| isakA sASTIkaramA nimna prakAra hai / kRdanta / 1 katavAcaka 2 karmavAcaka 3 karaNa vAcaka 1 jaise garvamA 2 gAyA humA 3 jaise-calanI 4 bhAvavAcakaH 5 kriyAvAcaka 4 jaise-baharAba 5 jaise khAtA hunaa| saddhita 1 bhAvavAcaka 2 guNa jaise-dUdhavAlA 5 khaTiyA hindI meM mukhya kendrIya dhvanigrAma 35 haiN| inameM se mukhya sthara dhvani-grAma 10 haiM yadhA-gra A i I u U e ai mo pro inameM bhI e ai no pro saMyukta haiM dhyaMjanadhvanigrAma-vyaMjana dhvaniyoM kA vargIkaraNa mukhya rUpa se tIna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai-- (1) ghoSatva kI dRSTi se / (2) uccAraNa prayatna kI dRSTi se / (3) uccAraNa sthAna kI dRSTi se / vyaMjanoM meM kucha saMyukta vyaMjana haiN| yathA-kSa maja / udAharaNa mitra, vijJa, vidyArthI, baccA, kSatriya ityAdi / do vyaMjana vAle zabda phaikTrI, daktutva,

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa 125 lakSmI, vyaMgyArtha, tIkSNa sUkSma / tIna vyaMjana vAle zabda-svAtantrya, vatsya ityAdi / balAghAta P -tyAga, buddhi parajAya ku / yAgabuddhi, parajAya kU N / sthAga buddhi parajAna, krU ye mere gAr3I gar3I | 1. ye 'mere', gAr3I gar3hI | ye mere 'gAr3hI, gar3hI' | suralahara karo nAhi karAga / karo nAhi kachu rAga ? karo nAhi kachu rAma / saMgama - torI, morI lAja / norImorI lAja / roko, mata jAne do / rokomata, jAne do| yahAM torI zabda meM camatkAra hai| hindI kI kula dhvaniyAM 56 haiM / 'u' aura 'la' svataMtra dhvaniyAM haiM / kavi kI racanAoM meM bhI 'u' aura 'la' svataMtra dhvaniyAM haiM / yadyapi ye kevala svara, madhya tathA padAnna meM hI pAI jAtI haiM, pada ke bAdi meM nahIM / ThIka yahIM bAta 'ela' dhvani ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha bhI ina donoM boliyoM meM pariniSThita khar3IbolI kI taraha 'na' kA dhvanyaMga nahIM hai tathA yaha dhvani kathya khar3I bolI taka meM pAI jAtI hai / ke viSaya meM yaha dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai ki dhvani kA abhiprAya kevala bhASaNa dhvani se hai / yaha bhASA kI atyanta sUkSmadhArA hai | saMvedanazIla aura abhyAsagata hai ki dhvati saMyogoM ke uccAroM ko sunate hI usakA artha hone lagatA hai / zabda meM artha kahIM se yAtA nahIM hai apitu usI meM hai / saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahanA hai ki dhvaniyoM ke parivAra ko dhvanigrAma kahA jAtA hai / ye dhvaniyAM kisI paridhi vA paraveza taka uccAragata artha kI dRSTi se bhinna pratIta nahIM hotIM / isaliye sunane vAlA paricita dhvani ke rUpa meM hI use sunatA hai / dhvanigrAma svana prakAroM kA samUha hai jo dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se samAna tathA paripUraka, vitaraNa yA mukta parivartana meM hote haiM / 1 DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI bhASA zAstra tathA hindI bhASA kI rUparekhA pR0 103

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126 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva arthatatva 1 prartha parivartana kI dizAe 2 artha-vistAra 3 artha saMkoca 4 arthAdeza 5 pratyaya 6 upasarga 7 samAsa - pUrva-sagaM 1 parasarga 10 dhvani-artha 11 muhAvare, lokoktiyAM tathA anya prayoga 1 arthaparivartana kI dazA-yathArtha prathaM parivartana kI dizAe puraNaM rUpa se niyata nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki prathaM parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa mAnava-mastiSka hai / uccarita eka hI zabda kA mAnatra-mastiSka vibhinna prarya grahaNa kara letA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki gadhda syUla hole haiM aura artha sUkSma / prathaM bauddhika hote haiM ata: unameM satata parivartana hote rahate haiM | zabdoM kI apekSA artha adhika vyApaka hotA hai / kaI bAra zabda-prayoga na hone para bhI saMketa mAtra grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| 'zrIla' mahodaya ke anusAra artha parivartana kI tIna dizAeM mAnI jAtI haiM:--- 1 artha-vistAra 2 prartha-saMkoca 3 pradeza prAyaH pratyeka yuga meM zabda aura unake artha meM kucha na kucha parivartana hotA rahatA hai / isI prakriyA meM dariyA (nadI) zabda gajarAtI aura hindI meM samudra kA vAcaka ho gayA hai / saMskRta kA 'pAsa' zabda apabhraza meM prAma artha dene lagA aura sAhasika (DAkU) zabda, urdU-hindI meM sAhasI (himmatI) bhartha kA vAcaka ho gayA pratyanta prAcIna kAla meM saMskRta meM ghaNA kA artha 'pighalanA thA' bAda meM dA ho gayA aura praba vaha napharata kA artha dene lgaa| isI prakAra 'pAkhaMDa' zabda pahale eka saMpradAya thA, bAda meM usa zabda meM kucha parivartana hayA to pApa kA khaMDana karane vAlA argha dene lagA aura prAja usakA prathe DoMga yA ADaMbara hai||

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zilAviNya 127 (1) ayaM parivartana artha parivartana kI prakriyA se yadyapi zabda aura ayaM sadA kisI saMdarbha meM paristhativaza badala jAte haiM, kintu ve apane mUla artha ko nahIM chor3ate isaliye hajAroM varSoM ke bAda bhI unakA mUla srota khoja liyA jAtA hai aura unakI vAsta vika sthiti kA patA cala jAtA hai / isa prakAra ayaM parivartana kI paddhati se zabda ke itihAsa kI jAnakArI milatI hai / (2) artha vistAra jana sAmAnya zabda vizeSa artha meM aura viziSTa zabda sAmAnya partha meM prayukta hotA hai, taba artha vistAra ho jAtA hai| artha ke vistAra ke kAraNa artha apane zAbdika artha se adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| "bhatRhari" ne bahuta vistAra ke sAtha isakA vicAra kiyA hai | unakA kathana hai ki vizeSa kI avivakSA aura sAmAnya kI vivakSA se prAyaH artha vistAra ho jAtA hai| jaise--tela 'zabda' tila ke dravita sAra ko kahate the, parantu aba - sarasoM, mUMgaphalI, alasI soyAbIna yahAM taka ki ghAsaleTa ko bhI tela kahane lage / isI prakAra cAha artha meM cAya (468) judhArI (455 ) cAri (446) svAla (432) lagana (426) gAra (417) parata (404) bhATA (303) ityAdi zabdoM ke prayoga hone lge| isa prakAra manuSya jaba kAma karake bahuta thaka jAtA hai, tatra kahatA hai Aja to merA tela hI nikala gayA / (3) artha saMkoca 'zrIla' mahodaya kA kahanA hai ki jo rASTra yA jAti jitanI adhika vikasita hogI, usameM grarthaM saMkoca utanA hI adhika hogaa| yadi isa prakAra se kA saMkoca na ho to sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka ho jAyeMge / artha ke saMkoca meM sAskRtika parivartana vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai (4) yathAveza eka artha ke sthAna para dUsarA artha ho jAnA hI prathAdeza hai| kabhI-kabhI, jJAta-ajJAta rUpa se vicAroM ke samparka ke kAraNa gauA artha se sambandha ho jAtA hai aura vaha arthaM hI mukhyArthaM bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka artha ke sthAna para dUsarA bha ho jAtA hU~ | jaisa gaMvAra zabda kA mUla artha grAmINa hai, kintu grAma jastA mUrkha manuSya ko gaMvAra kahatI hai / isI prakAra 'buddha' zabda kA artha buddhimAna hai, kintu loka meM buddhihIna vyakti ko 'buddha' kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra athAdeza meM artha apane mUla se bhinna ho jAtA hai / upasarga ke vividha prayogoM se bhI zrartha meM parivartana lakSita hone lagatA hai / jaise ki saMskRta kI 'da' dhAtu se hara aura hAra zabda niSpanna hote haiM / 'hAra' ke pahale 'pra' upasarga jor3a dene se 'prahAra' 'vi' jor3a dene se 'bihAra' 'mA' jor3a dana se prahAra 'saM' jor3a dene se saMhAra, 'nI' jor3a dene se nIhAra' grAdi vibhinna artha ke vAcaka zabda banate haiM !

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva isI prakAra vizleSaraNa, loka prasiddhi, pratyayoM ke prayoga se bhI artha parivartana ho jAtA hai| cUMki artha- parivartana kI dizA kabhI acche aura kabhI dUre artha kI ora pravAhita hotI rahatI hai | ataH inheM alaga se zrarthaM parivartana kI dizAeM mAnanA yahIM hai / 128 pratyaya aise adhikArI zabda yA zabdAMza jo dhAtu yA mUla zabda ke pazcAt juTakara unakA zrayaM parivartana kara dete haiM, pratya kahalAtI haiN| jaise miThAI zabda meM vAlA pratyaya jor3a dene se 'miThAI vAlA' bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra miThAI aura miThAI vAlA zabdoM ke graMthoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra par3hanA se par3hAI zabda meM bhI artha badala jAtA hai| pratyarthI kA svataMtra prartha zrara prayoga nahIM hotA | kevala mUla pAda se jur3akara hI ye bhinna artha ke pratipAdaka hote haiN| pratyaya sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM ke sAtha sayukta ho jAte haiM / pratyayoM se nirmita zabdoM ke do bheda hote haiM - kRdanta aura taddhita / dhAtuyoM ke pIche jo zabda lagAye jAte haiM ve kRdanta kahalAte haiN| jaise- likhanA se likhAI tathA dhAtuyoM ke atirikta saMjJA, sarvanAma, viSaleSaNa zabdoM meM jo pratyaya lagAye jAte haiM tathA unake lagAne se jo zabda banate haiM unheM taddhi kahate haiM / jaise dazaratha se dAzarathi, pyAra se pyArA ityAdi / hindI pratyaya ( phakta) --- bha - yaha pratyaya akArAnta dhAtudhoM se jor3A jAtA hai, jisase bhAva-vAcaka saMjJAeM banatI haiN| jaise lUTanA se 'lUTa' uchalatA se 'uchalakUda' ityAdi / zrA- isa pratyaya ke yoga se bhAvavAcaka saMjJAeM banatI haiM jaise gheranA se dhairA ityAdi / isI prakAra zrAI, AU, Ava, Apa zrAva prAvaha, zrAvanA, bhAvA, grAsa, zrAhaTa, iyala, I, iyA, ka, erA, aisA Adi aneka pratyaya hai, jinake saMyoga se aneka zabdoM meM artha parivartana hotA hai / hindI pratyaya ( taddhita ) (1) bhAvavAcaka (2) guNavAcaka ( 3 ) apatya vAcaka (4) kartRvAcaka (5) nyUnavAcaka ityAdi aneka prakAra ke taddhita haiM, jinake udAharaNa kramazaH nimna prakAra haiM : : (1) bur3hApA (2) raMgIlA ( 3 ) vAsudeva ( 4 ) dUdhavAlA (5) khaTiyA jina zabdoM yA zabdAzoM kA dhAtu ke pUrva prayoga hotA hai, unheM upasagaM kahate haiM / tathA jina zabda yA zabdAzoM kA prayoga dhAtu ke prAMta meM hotA hai, ve pratyaya kahe jAte haiM / saMskRta aura hindI meM zabda ke sAtha pratyaya kA saMyoga prAya: prAMta meM hotA hai / prakRti aura pratyaya ke yoga se hI zabda kA nirmANa hotA hai /

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa 129 6 upasarga aise adhikArI zabda yA zabdAMza jo mUla zabda ke prAdi yA pUrva meM jur3akara unakA artha parivartana kara dete haiM, upasarga kahalAte haiN| jaise karma pAbda ke prAge su jor3a dene se 'sukarma' zabda upasarga se banA hai jo, 'karma' zabda kA artha badala detA hai / 7. samAsa bhASA racanA meM zabda tathA zabdAMzoM kA yoga kisI na kisI rUpa meM dekhane ko milatA hai| do yA do se adhika mAbdoM ke yoga ko samAsa kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra zabda eka ikAI hai, usI prakAra eka ikAI ke rUpa meM jaba samasta pada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha samAsa kahalAtA hai / samAsa eka prakAra se zabdoM kA saMkSepIkaraNa karane hetu prayukta hotA hai / samAsa kA artha hI saMkSepa hai| hindI kI samAsa racanA pUrNataH saMskRta kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI meM na to lambe samAsa milate haiM pora na bana sakate haiM / 8-6 pUrva sarga-parasagaM hindI meM saMjJA zabdoM ke rUpa milate haiM jo saMghaTanA ke anusAra nizcita hote haiM / parasarga ke pUrva / lar3ake / tathA anya lagabhaga sabhI sthAnoM para / lar3akA / prayukta hotA hai| kucha parasarga sIdhe saMjJA zabdoM ke pazcAda prayukta hote haiN| adhikatara parasoM kI sthiti kAraka kI hai| jahAM para ve bhinna sthiti meM lakSita hote haiM vahAM ve dhyAkaraNAtmaka zabda haiN| 10. dhvani-artha pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki dhvaniyAM sArthaka hotI haiM / samAja meM bhASA kA mahattva kevala prartha ke kAraNa hai / dhvaniyoM ke mAdhyama se hI prANImAtra bhAva-preSaNa karatA hai / dhvaniyoM kA sIdhA sambandha arthatatva se hai / madi vaktA bhASA ke dhvani saMyogoM ke rUpa aura artha sAdRzya para prabalaMbita na rahe to eka kSaNa se dusare kSaNa meM bhAva-preSaNa prasaMbhava ho jAyagA / isaliye bhASA-jagata meM kevala zrotra-grAhya dhvaniyoM kA plI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, jo bhASaNa dhvaniyoM ke anukrama meM artha se sambaddha hotI haiN| dhvani aura prayaM sadA saMzliSTa rUpa meM rahate haiM, isaliye bhASA meM parivartana inhIM do rUpoM meM hotA hai 10 1. rAbarTa e. hAla0 : iMTroDakTarI lipiSTiksa, pR0 228 / 2. nA. devendrakumAra zAstrI : bhASA zAstra tathA hindhI bhASA kI rUparekhA, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, pR0 167 /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ___ zabda meM artha kahIM se prAtA nahIM hai, balki usameM se hI udabhAvita hotA hai / yathArtha meM zabda kI sattA artha bodha meM nihita hai / 'mulAba' pAbda kahane se kevala gulAba ke phUla kA hI nahIM varan gulAbI raMga kA bhI bodha hotA hai| yaha artha bodha svayaM zabda meM nihita hai / vAk aura artha donoM hI rAMprakta hai-eka dUsare se abhinna / saMskRta vidvAna pANini ne likhA hai --.''sazadhAH spana bhAvena bhavati, saH teSAmarthaH arthAt sabhI pAda apane bhAva meM rahate haiM jo unakA praya kahA jAtA hai / zabda se, zabda aura artha donoM kI pratIti hotI hai, parantu pra pahale se hI sRSTi meM vidyamAna hai| isaliye zabda artha kA utpAdana na hokara jJAyaka pA pratIti karAne vAlA hai| sakSepa meM-dhAnda se artha bhinna nahIM hai / jisa prakAra zina se zakti bhinna nahIM hai hameM prartha kA patA zabda se hI calatA hai / zabda se hI artha samajha meM AtA hai|' 11. muhAvare aura lokoktiyAM racanA ko adhika sajIva evaM prANamAna banAne ke liye bhASA meM lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / sAdhAraNa vAkyoM kI apekSA muhAvarevAra vAkyAvanI bAvakoM ko atyadhika pramAvita karatI hai| kabhI-kamI to eka hI lokokti hameM lambI-caur3I vyAkhyA ke zrama se bacA letI hai| ata: isa kathana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI atizayokti nahIM hai ki lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM meM bhAva ko zrotAoM ke hRdaya tala taka pahuMcAkara unheM gudagudA dene tathA prabhAvita karane kI adabhuta kSamatA hotI hai| ataH bhASA meM abhivyaMjanA-kauzala, pragaTa karane ke liye adhika se adhika lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie / mahAcarA tathA lokokti meM antara :-muhAvarA tathA lokokti donoM meM paryApta antara hai / muhAvarA eka aisA bAsyAMza hai, jisake zabdoM kA sAdhAraNa artha (yAcyArtha) na lagAkara eka vizeSa artha (lakSyArtha) lagAyA jAtA hai| jaise ----vaha to pAstIna kA mApa hai / yahAM, 'dhAstIna kA sAMpa' grAstIna meM sAMpa pAlanA nahIM hai| kintu isa nAkyAMza kA artha hai-eka aisA AdamI jo Upara se mitra tathA mItara se zatru ho / isa ghana meM kitanI adhika lAkSaNikanA hai| yaha lAzagikatA sIdhe-sAde zabdoM se paMdA nahIM hotii| yadi kathana meM camatkAra lAnA hai to muhAvaroM kA prayoga apekSita hai, jo bhASA ko sajIva banA dete haiN| 1. girA praratha jala dhobi sama kahiyata bhinna na bhinna / rAmacarita mAnasa bAlakAMDa, 18 / dhAgAviva saMpatto, vAgartha prtipttye| jagat ki tiro vare, pArvatI paramezvarI / raghuvaMza, 1,1 / / tulasIdAsa rAmacarita mAnasa, bAlakAMDa, 18)

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa lokokti yA kalAvala eka pUrA vAkya hotA hai aura apanI svataMtra sattA rakhatA hai / isakA prayoga kisI kathana kI pUrti meM udAharaNa svarUpa kiyA jAtA hai| jaise banAvaTI paraheja ke liye kahA ki guruvAra guNoM se..' ho kathana meM adhika-camatkAra A jAtA hai| 4. alaMkAra yojanA alaMkAra chadra kA artha hai zobhA bar3hAne vAlA / isakI vyutpatti 'alaMkaroti iti alaMkAra hai, jo vastu ko ala arthAt paryApta sundara banA de, vaha alaMkAra hai| jisa prakAra bhAMti-bhAMti ke alaMkAra (mAbhUSaNa) pahanane se nArI-zarora kI zobhA bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai, usI prakAra kavitA meM prayukta hone vAle vizeSa zabda yA uktiyAM usake bhAva ko atyanta nAkarSaka banA dete haiN| prAcAryoM ne kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAne vAle dharmoM ko alaMkAra kahA hai-'kAvya zobhA karAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pravakSale hindI ke prasiddha kavi AcArya kezavadAsa ko to bhUSaNa ke binA kavitA vanitA (nArI) donoM hI acchI nahIM lagatI thI, cAhe ve kitanI hI umasa kyoM na hoN| __ "jaina kaviyoM kI kavitAmoM se pramANita hai ki unameM alaMkAroM kA prayoga to huA hai, kintu unako pramukhatA kabhI nahIM dI gaI / ve sadaiva mUlabhAva kI abhivyakti meM sahAyaka bhara pramANita hue haiM / jaina kaviyoM kA anuprAsoM para ekAdhikAra thaa|" hindI ke jaina kAvyoM meM aneka arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga hA hai| unameM bhI upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aura zleSa meM sauMdarya adhika hai / hindI ke jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM rUpaka alaMkAroM ke sundara prayoga hue haiM / unhoMne upameya meM upamAna kA prAropa kuzalatA se kiyA hai / dekhiye ___ 'mana sunA hai, aura bhagavAna jinendra ke pada piNjdd'aa| isa mana rUpI sue ne saMsAra ke aneka vRkSoM ke kar3ave phaloM ko tor3a-tor3a kara cakhA hai kintu unase kucha nahIM humA, phira bhI vaha nizcinta hai / bhagavAna ke caraNa rUpI piMjare meM nahIM basatA / kAla rUpI bana-vilAba usako tAka rahA hai| vaha bhavasara pAte hI dAba legA phira koI na bacA skegaa|' 1. jaina DaoN. prema sAgara : hindI ana bhakti kAvya aura kavi, prathama saMskaraNa 1664, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana / 2. mere mana sumA, jinavara pIjare basa, yAra lAda vAra re / / saMsAra meM balavRkSa sevata, gayo kAla apAra re||| viSayaphala tisa tor3i vAle, kahA dekhyo sAra re / / sto premasAgara jaina : hinvI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, prathama saMskaraNa 1964, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana /

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132 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kAvya meM pralaMkAra yojanA kA bhI vizeSa sthAna hai / bhAvoM kI sphuTa abhi. vyakti aura vastu ke utkarSa evaM prAMtIya mAnacitra yA bimdha ko abhivyajita karane ke liye pralaMkAra yojanA Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya bhI pratIta hotI hai| yadi kalpanA bhAvoM ko jagAtI hai to prasaMkAra use rUpa pradAna karatA hai / isaliye prAcIna prAcA ne kAvya meM prakAra vidhAna kI anivAryatA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vAstava meM sIdhI sAdI bAta meM pAkarSaNa kama dikhAI par3atA hai| alaMkAra yojanA meM usakA camatkAra bar3ha jAtA hai / imIlie kAmya meM usakA mahatva hai| malaMkAroM ko sImA meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA hai / bAta kahane ke jitane DhaMga hote haiM usane hI alaMkAra ho sakate haiN| prasaMkAroM meM upamA sabase pradhAna pralaMkAra hai maura kadApit pralaMkAroM ke vikAsa ke mUla meM yahI alaMkAra rahA hogA / bhAratIya sAhitya meM aisA koI kAzya na hogA jisameM upamA alaMkAra kA prayoga na huA ho / __malaMkAra--vidhAna meM kavivara budhajana nA pAMDitya spaSTa raSTi gocara hotA hai / malaMkAroM se tathA chandoM kI vividhatA se samUcA kAdha bharA par3A hai| unhoMne tInoM hI prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| zamdAlaMkAroM meM kavivara buvajana ne chekAnuprAsa, vRsyanuprAsa, bIsA, lATAnuprAsa prAdi kA evaM arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, rUpaka, yathAsaMspa, ullekha, tulyogitA prAdi kA eka ubhayAlaMkAra meM saMsRSTi kA prayoga daSTigata hotA hai| inake atirikta bhI unakI racanAmoM meM anya anekoM alaMkAroM ke sundara prayoga pAye jAte haiN| itane madhika alaMkAroM kA prayoga hone para bhI unake kAvya meM rasAtmakatA kI kamI nahIM / kavi kI yaha prAzcarya-janaka saphalatA unakI praur3ha evaM prasAdhAraNa kalA-kuzalatA kI paricAyaka hai / 'budhajana', kAvya ke svAbhAdhika svarUpa ke vikasita karane meM vizvAsa karate the 1 kAvya ko bAdha upakaraNoM dvArA camaskRta karanA kadAcit ve anAvazyaka samajhate the / 'budhajana', ke bhAgya meM nalakAroM ke prayoga dekhiye :-- bAlaMkAra girigiri prati mAnipha nahIM dhana vana caMdana nAhi / / vIpsA sudharasabhA meM yoM lasa, jaise rAjata bhUpa / / chekAnuprAsa ghanasama kulasama gharamasama samavaya mIta banAya || lATAnuprAsa 1. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 28 264 / 2. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 31 / 29 / 3. adhajana satasaI : pRSTha 47 / 442 /

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zilpa sambandhI vizleSaNa durAcAritiya kahinI, kikara kara kaThora / vRtyanuprAsa pratikAra jakavata hita udyama kareM, je haiM catura bisekhi // upamA satyadIpa bAdI kSamA, sIla tela saMjoya / / rUpaka bhalAkiye kari hai burA, durjana sahaja subhAya / paya pAye viSa deta hai, phaNI mahA dukhadAya / / STAnta jaisI saMgati kIjiye, taisA hU~ parinAma / tIra gaheM tArka turata, mAlA te le nAma // antaranyAsa ubhayAlaMkAra nItivAna nIti na saje, sahaiM bhUkha tisatrAsa / jyoM haMsA muktA binA, vanasara kareM nivAsa / (lATAnuprAsa, chekAnuprAsa, iSTAnta kI saMsRSTi) 5. chanda-yojanA vi0 saMvat 16:: PROFIo hanI-mara sapo ne ausakA evam mAtrika donoM hI prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / anUdita granthoM meM vagika kA aura maulika granthoM meM mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga hai / dohA, sayA, caugAI, kavita ina mAtrika chandoM kA vizeSa prayoga humA hai / dhanAkSarI mAdi kA bhI prayoga humA 'buzvajana vilAsa' meM kavi ne sarvAdhika chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jinakA ullekha dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| vidhAna, chanda, zailI apanI prasiddha pustaka 'puSajana satasaI' meM kavi ne muktaka dohoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / chandazAstra kI eSTi se ye dohe prAyaH nirdoSa haiM / sAmAnyataH tathya-nirUpaka zalI kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| upadezAtmaka tathA zabdAvataMka zailiyAM dikhAI to detI haiM, parantu bahuta kama hai / / 1. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 34 / 316 / 2. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 27 / 251 / 3. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 22 / 200 / 4. aSajana satasaI : pRSTha 12 / 104 / 5. budhajana satasaI : pRSTha 34 / 316 / duSajama satasA : pRSTha 35 / 320 / jaina DaoN. premasAgara : hinbI jaima bhakti kAgya aura kapi, pRSTha 435, prathama saMskaraNa, 1964, bhAratIya zAsapITha, prakAzana /

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134 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva jisa prakAra saMskRta meM zloka ko, prAkRta bhASA meM gAyA ko, apabhraza bhASA meM dUhA ko mukhya chanda mAnA gayA hai / usI prakAra hindI meM 'dohA banda ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai / jaina kaviyoM ne dohA banda kA prayoga apanI mAdhyAtmika racanAtroM meM kiyA hai / 16vIM zatAbdI ke pANDe rUpacanda dhAdi ne, 17vIM zatAbdI ke pANDe hemarAja nAdi ne, 16 vIM zatAbdI ke gamaga 'prAdi vI zatAbI ke 'budhajana prAdi kaviyoM ne isa chanda kA prayoga apanI prAdhyAtmika evaM nIti-paraka racanAoM meM kiyA hai / Apane apanI prasiddha pustaka 'budhajana satasaI' meM isa chanda kA itanA saphala prayoga kiyA hai ki usa kAla kA anya koI kavi apanI saphalatA se usakAra prayoga nahIM kara sakA / janhoMne sampUrNa grantha hI dohA chanda meM likhA hai| 'badhajana satasaI ke atirikta apanI anya racanAmoM meM kavi ne caupAI kavita, sayA, dohA, chappaya, dhanAkSarI, phAgu pada prAdi anekoM chandoM kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / racanAoM kI bhASA sarana aura pravAha pUrNa hai| aneka naye-naye chanda, nayI-nayI rAga-rAginiyoM meM prayukta kiye gaye haiM / isa dizA meM kaSi kI maulikatA prazaMsanIya hai|

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caturtha khaNDa tulanAtmaka adhyayana (1) hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM kavivara sudhajana kA yoga apabhraMza tathA loka sAhitya ko vibhinna vidhAnoM se sAmAnyataH hindI sAhitya prabhAvita huA / jana va vraja aura rAjasthAnI meM prabandha kAvya aura muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA karane meM saMlagna rahe / itanA hI nahIM ve mAnava jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karate hue kAvya racanA meM pravRtta rahe / jana-sAmAnya ke liye yaha sAhitya pUrNatayA upayogI hai / isameM sundara prAtma-pIyUpa-rasa chala chalAtA hai aura mAnava ko una bhAvanAMgoM tathA anubhUtiyoM ko abhivyakti pradAna kI gaI haijo samAja ke liye saMghala haiM aura jinake prAdhAra para hI samAja kA saMghaTana, saMzodhana tathA saMskaraNa hotA hai| hindI sAhitya ke prAdikAla kA yadi punaH sarvekSaNa ho to vaha jana kaviyoM kI racanAnoM ke prAdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki jaina kaviyoM ne gautamarAsA, maptakSetra rAsA, pazodhara rAsA, dhanapAla rAsA, samyaktatva rAsA, nemIzvara rAsA Adi aneka rAsA praba usa kAla meM likhe the / bhAratIya sAhitya ke madhyakAla para yadi vicAra kareM, to yaha kAla bhI kAnya sRjana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / isa yuga meM bhI jana kaviyoM ne jo bhI lilA, vaha mAtra 'kalA ke liye phalA kA Ayojana nahIM thA paran usameM tAtkAlika jana-jIvana bhI spaMdita thaa| ina kaviyoM ne kavi raSTi ke sAtha saMskRti, nIti aura dharma ko bhI apane kAvya kI pramukha bhUmi banAyA aura sAhitya kI racanA kI jisane janajIvana ko UyA uThAyA aura zramamA saMskRti kI nirmalatAnoM ko ujAgara kiyA / loka jIvana ke jisa cAritrika dharAtala para jaina kaviyoM ne sAhityika racanAe' kI, unase na kevala jaina samAja upakRta hayA varan sampUrNa bhAratIya samAja upakRta haa| hana phaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM ke dvArA hamAre jIvana ko unnata banAyA / mAnava ko pazutA se manuSyatA kI prora le jAnA hI jana kaviyoM kA lakSya rahA hai / jaina kaviyoM ne sAhitya ko kalAbAjI kabhI nahIM mAnA / janakA sAhitya guNa aura parimA donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mahAna hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, vanar3a, tamila, gujarAtI, marAThI,

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva rAjasthAnI, brajabhASA prabhRti bhArata kI samasta prAdezika bhASAnoM meM jainAcArya aura baina kaviyoM ne sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / sampaga jaina sAhitya abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM pAyA hai| jisane gya prakAza meM Aye haiM, unase kahIM adhika saMkhyA meM jaina bhANDAgAroM meM adyAvadhi praprakAzita dazA meM haiN| ___ hindI jana sAhitya ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'di jaina sAhitya meM hindI pranthoM kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta adhika hai| vigata tIna sau varSoM meM adhikAMsa anya hindI meM hI race gaye haiN| jaina-zrAvaka ke liye nyAdhyAya karanA mAvazyaka hai / ataH jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM jinavANI ko nibaddha karane kI ceSTA prArambha se hI hotI pAI hai| isI se hindI jana sAhitya meM gavagrampa bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiN| solahatI da ra dina-pra jana sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM aura isIlie hindI bhASA ke kramika vikAsa kA pradhyamana karane vAloM ke liye ye bar3e kAma ke haiN|| aAlocya kAla meM saMskRta, aura apabhraMza bhASA ke graMthoM kA hindI gadya meM anuvAda humA / anuvAda kA yaha kArya sarva prathama jayapura ke vidvAnoM ne baDhArI bhASA meM prArambha kiyA thA / mAja bhI unake anuvAda usI rUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne kevala anuvAda hI nahIM kiye, kintu svatantra rUpa se bhI hindI aura padya donoM meM racanAeM kii| gadya sAhitya meM paMDita pravaramala kA 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' paM0 daulatarAma kI padmapurANa kI bacAnakA prAdi prasiddha graMtha hai| padya-sAhitya meM paM0 daulatarAma chaha DAlA, kavivara budhajana kI chahaDhAlA va budhajana satasaI, mAdi jaina sAhitya kI pramUlya-nidhi hai| inake atirikta paM0 sadAsukha, ghAnata rAya, maMyA bhagavatIdAsa, paM0 jayacanda chAbar3A, bhUdharadAsa prAdi vidvAnoM ne apane samaya kI bhASA meM gA evaM padya athavA donoM meM paryApta racanAeM kii| 'budhajana sAhitya meM yoM to sabhI rasa yathAsthAna abhivyajita hue haiM, para mukhyatA zAnta-rasa kI hai / kavi kI mUla bhAvanA adhyAtma-pradhAna hai| vaha saMsAra se birakti bhaura mukti se manurakti kI preraNA detI hai| zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva niveda hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka kAvya kA pransa zAnta rasAtmaka hI hai / zugAra rasa sarvathA nahIM hai, aisI bAta nahIM hai' 12 1. paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI : jaina dharma, pR0 saM0 256, caturma saMskaraNa, 1966, bhA0 vi0 jana saMgha, dhaurAsI, mdhuraa|| 2. DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata : 'jinavAraNI' patrikA, varSa 32, maka 4-7, jayapura /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana gItikAvya ke kSetra meM bhI budhajana kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| unake sampUrNa pada geya haiM, jinameM hRdaya kA mArmika spaMdana mAdhurya se anuprANita hai / unhoMne bhASA ko apane prakRta rUpa meM hI prabhAvazAlI banAyA / unake sAhitya meM pADaMbaroM ke liye aAgraha nahIM hai / unake sAhitya meM maulika cetanA taraMgita hotI hai / gambhIra-ciMtana, samunnata hAdika prasAra, kabi kI racanAmoM meM upalabdha hai / vaise to hindI sAhitya kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 160 se prArambha humaa| eka jaina kavi ne isakA prArambha kiyA thA / vaha satata calatA rhaa| jaina kavi likhate rhe| unhoMne jo kucha likhA unameM thor3A yA bahuta makti kA aMza avazya thA / ata: madhyakAla meM vi0 saM0 1000 se 1600 taka hindI sAhitya meM bhI jana bhakti dhArA calatI rahI / isa kAla meM banArasIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, prAnandaghana, daulatarAma mAdi ke samAna adhajana ne mI bhakti-rasa-pUrNa racanAeM kI haiM jo jana jagata meM atyadhika lokapriya haiM / isa prakAra kI racanAmoM meM budhajana" kA ekamAtra lakSya rahA hai ki manuSya kevala lokika viSaya-vAsanAnoM meM prAsata na rhe| kintu apanI pahicAnakara, apanI unnati kA prayatna kre| unhoMne jitanI bhI racanAeM kI haiM unake pIche unakA koI svArtha nahIM rahA / ve sAdhAraNa gRhastha the unhoMne jo kucha likhA svAntaH sukhAya hI likhA / rItikAla ke kavi hote hue bhI unhone nAyikAnoM ke nakha zikha kA varNana raMcamAtra bhI nahIM kiyA / yaha unakI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai| 'madhyayaga ke sAhityika kATiyoM ne hindI bhASA meM jisa bhAvadhArA kA aizvarya vistAra kiyA hai usameM asAdhAraNa vizeSatA pAI jAtI hai / yaha vizeSatA yaha hai ki unakI racanAtroM meM ucca koTi ke sAdhaka evaM kaviyoM kA ekatra sammizraNa humA hai| isa prakAra kA sammilana durlabha hai / ' jIvana-vyApinI sApanA tathA sAhitya-sAdhanA ko hama bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM lakSita nahIM kara sakate haiM / kyoMki madhya-yugIna hindI kaviyoM meM adhikatara aise hI santa kavi hue haiM, jinakI vaiyaktika sAdhanA ne hI unake sAhityika jIvana kA nirmANa kiyA aura sAdhanA kI jIvanta-dhArA hI sAhitya-banakara sphuTita huii| adhyAtma kI eka pora pUrNa jhukAva hone ke kAraNa budhajana bhI santa kavi ke samAna the / eka santa-sAdhaka the aura unakI sAdhanA hI unake sAhitya kI pIyUSa dhArA hai| 'isa prakAra madhya yugIna sAhitya meM svataH uta, bahumukhI, sAhityika bhAvadhArAeM prasArita huI / jinameM tAtkAlika jana-jIvana atyadhika prabhAvita huA / sAMsArika nazvara sukha-dukha kI paridhi se usakA hRdaya kapara uThA, usane bar3e zAnta 1. anekAnta varSa 16 : kiraNa 6, pharavarI 1967, pR0 saM0 346 / 2. DaoN0 hajArI prasAda vivevIH hindI sAhitya, pR0 57 /

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kavivara cumalata: vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhAva se paristhitiyoM se samanvaya' kiyA tathA bhaktiparaka jIvana kI mora agrasara huprA / / kavivara budhajana jayapura ke nivAsI the / mata: unakI samasta racanAoM meM hUDhArI bhASA kA prAdhAnya hai / kavi kI 14 racanAeM abhI taka upalabdha ho sakI haiN| unakI sabhI racanAeM bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se upAdeya haiN| kavi bAhya saMsAra se anAsakta pratIta hote haiM / aisA lagatA hai sAhitya racanA karate samaya kavi ne antarmana se adhika preraNA prApta kI hai| cama-cakSuSoM kI apekSA kavi ke mAnasacakSu adhika ubuddha pratIta hote haiN| AtmAnubhUti kA paricaya hI vizeSa rUpa se dikhAI detA hai / aiga lagatA hai ki kavi ne prAtma-zAnti kI prApti ke liye hI racanAeM kI haiN| kavi hindI sAhitya meM adhyAtma sraSTA ke rUpa meM prakaTa hupA hai| jahAM hama pranyAnya prakAra kI racanAmoM ko mahatva dete haiM, vahAM hameM ina pradhyAtma sraSTA kalAkAroM kI racanAmoM ko bhI mahatva pradAna karanA hogaa| hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM hotA ki budhajana jaise jaina kaviyoM ke sAhitya ke adhyayana aura svAdhyAya se kucha samaya ke liye sAMsArika viSamatAmoM ko bhUlAyA jA sakatA hai| pAThaka ke samakSa prAdartha kA aisA manorama citra upasthita hotA hai jisase vaha apanI kutsita vRttiyoM se jIvana ko pariSkRta karane ke liye dRr3ha saMkalpa kara letA hai / jIvana ko pariSkRta karane kI jitanI kSamatA jana sAhitya meM hai, utanI lokagrAhI zakti bhI vidyamAna hai| sAhitya mAnava mAtra kI sauMdarya vipAsA, cAritrika utthAna evaM jIvana-nirmANa ke karane meM upAdeya hai| jana sAhitya srapTAnoM ne akhaMDa caitanya prAnanda rUpa prAtmA kA apane antasa meM sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura sAhitya meM usI kI anubhUti ko mUrtarUpa pradAna kara sauMdarya ke zAsvata prakAza kI restrAmoM dvArA vANI kA citra nakita kiyA hai / jisa jaina samAja para aise RviyoM ke sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kA uttara-dAyitva hai / ve isa yora saceSTa pratIta nahIM hote / isase bhI adhika paritApa kA viSaya yaha hai ki hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jinakA paryApta yogadAna rahA hai / aise kavivara vanArasIdAsa, pAnatarAya, daulatarAma, bhUdharadAsa, bhAgacanda, budhajana Adi ke viSaya meM hindI ke sAhityakAra bhI mauna haiM / inameM se adhikatara vAviyoM kA hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nAmollastra taka nahIM hai / budhajana bhI eka aise kavi haiM, jinakA hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ullekha nahIM hai| kintu inakI "satasaI" eka amara racanA hai jo hindI ko dIrgha paraMparAoM ko saheje hue haiN| usameM loka kI rIti-nItiyoM kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, yaha anapama hai / usI ko lakSyakara saMbhavataH kahA gayA hai ki 'jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatA 1. sukhadeva mitha hindI sAhitya kA prabhAva, pR0 163-64 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana yaha hai ki viveka usakA patha-pradarzana karatA hai aura usake bhAvoM ko anuprAriNata karane vAlI vizvaprema pUrapha ahiMsA hai| inake hI samakAlIna jaina kaviyoM meM paM. dolata rAma, pana sukhadAsa, pArasadAsa, javAharalAla, jayacanda, mahAcanda ke nAma to ullekhIya hai hii| ina ko atirikta kavi nathamala bilAlA, nayanasukha dAsa, rUpacaMda pariya, jagajIvana, dharmadAsa, kuyarapAla, sAlivAhana, naMdaka ni, horAna, bulAkIvAsa bhora jagatarAma nAdi bhI haiN| ina kaviyoM kI saMvAda sau ke lagabhaga hI jAtI hai| una rAbakA ullekha karanA yahAM sacita nhiiN| (2) zuSajana mAhitya meM pratipAdita prAdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika tatva ___vastuta: jainadharma nivRtti-mUlaka pravRtti mArga hai / para isakA yaha artha nahIM ki isameM pravRtti ke liye yatkiMcit bhI sthAna nahIM / vastutaH pravRtti kacit nivRtti kI pUrapha hai / azubha maura zubha se nivRtti hokara jIva kI zuddha prArama-svarUpa meM prati ho, yaha isakA aMtima lakSya haiM / isakA apanA darzana hai jo prAtmA kI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai / prAcArya kudakuda samagrasAra meM para se bhinna prAtmA kI pRthaka sattA kA manorama citra upasthita karate hue kahate haiM ki graho prAsman ! jhana darzana svarUpa tU apane pApako svataMtra maura ekAkI anubhava kara / vizva meM tere dAyeM-bAyeM, prAge-pIche, Upara-nIce pudgala kI jo anaMta rAzi dikhalAI detI hai. usameM maNamAtra bhI terA nahIM hai / vaha saba jar3a hai aura tU cetana hai yaha saba avinAzI pada kA dhArI hai| usake sAtha sambandha sthApita kara tune khoyA hI hai, kucha pAyA nahIM / saMmAra khone kA mArga hai / prApta karane kA mArga isase bhinna hai, yaha adhyAtma kA mArga hai / ___ 'kavidha ra budhajana ne apane sAhitya meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jana dharma ne pratyeka prAtmA kI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra karake vyakti svAtaMtrya ke AdhAra para usake baMdhana se mukta hone kA nirdeza kiyA hai| usane pratyeka prAtmA ko svAvalaMbI banane kA upAya batAyA hai / svAyanaM hI subI hai aura parAvalaMbI duHkhI hai | svAvalaMbI banane ke liye apane zuddha svarUpa ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai / prAtma-zaktiyoM kA paricayajJAna hI manuSya ko svAvalaMbI banAtA hai / anAdi kAla se yaha jIva para kA avalaMbana letA rahA hai| eka bAra, svAvalaMbana kI jhalaka bhI isane nahIM dekhii| hAM ! yadi prayatna kare, grAtma-zaktiyoM ko pahicAna le to svAvalaMbI ho sakatA hai / jaba taka yaha jIva bhautikavAda meM bhaTakatA rahegA taba taka use sukha-zAnti aura saMtoSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| kadhi budha jana, granthoM meM yahI pratipAdita karate haiM, ki bhogavAdI 1. bAbU kAmatA prasAda : hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, prathama saMskarala, 1977 pR0saM0 17, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana /

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140 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva dRSTikoNa saMpa taka zrAkulatA hai taba taka duHkha hai / svAvalaMbI vyakti kevala bhrAtmaguNoM kA avalaMbana karatA hai / svakA avalaMbana karanA yAnI zrAtmaguNoM kA avalaMbana karanA aura inase bhinna rAga dveSAdi, zarIrAdi, dhanAdi kA avalaMbana chor3anA, yahI sukhI hone kI pradhyarthaM bhauSadhI hai / jena saMskRti kA lakSya ho jIva ko svAvalaMbI banAnA hai / mAnava svAvalabI kaise bane, isakA rahasyodaghATana isameM kiyA gayA hai / tatva-ciMtana aura jIvana-zodhana ye do jaina sAhitya ke mUlAdhAra haiM / bhrAtma-zodhana meM samyak zraddhA, jJAna ke sAtha sadAcAra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina dharma sadAcAra, ahiMsA, satya, adhIrya, brahmacayaM aura aparigraha rUpa hai| pratyeka zrAtmA kA svataMtra astitva hai / pratyeka zrAtmA - rAga dveSa evaM karmamala se azuddha hai para vaha puruSArtha se zuddha ho sakatA hai| pratyeka zrAtmA paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / jaina darzana nivRtti pradhAna pravRtti mArga hai / ratnatraya hI pravRtti mArga hai / sAta tatvoM ko zraddhA hI samyagdarzana hai / AtmA ko tIna avasthAeM hotI haiM, (1) bahirAtmA (2) antarAtmA ( 3 ) paramAtmA / jo zarIra aura zrAtmA ko eka mAnatA hai vaha mithyAvAdI, ajJAnI bahirAtmA hai| jisane zarIra Adi se bhinna AtmA ko jAnA hai aisA samyagdRSTi jIva antarAtmA hai / prantarAtmA ke uttama, madhyama, jaghanya aise tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / arahaMta evaM siddha jIva paramAtmA kahalAte hai / yaha mAnava jIvana bar3A hI durlabha hai / mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA evaM usakI upayogitA ke sambandha meM kavi kA nimna pada dekhiye : narabhavAya pheri duHkha bharanA, aisA kAja na karanA ho / nAhaka mamata ThAni pudgala soM, karama jAla kyoM paranA ho // 1 // yaha to jar3a tU jJAna rUpI, tilatuSajyoM guru varanA ho rAgadveSa taji, bhaja samatA ko, karma sAtha ke haranA ho // 2 // yo bhavapAya viSaya sukha senA, gajacar3hi IMdhana konA ho / budhajana samujhi seya jinavara pada, jo bhava sAgara taranA ho ||3|| nara bhava pAya pheri duHkha bharanA, aisA kAja na karanA ho // 1. jinayara siddha paramAtama / samyaktI sau antara prAtama | bahirAta mithyA jJAnI / trividha mAtmA kahe sunAmI // 82 // budhajana: tatvArthabodha, pR0 saMkhyA 22, padma saMkhyA 82 prakAzaka: kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla, lazkara |

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 141 mAnayA jIvana kA parama lakSya nirvANa kI prApti hai| usakI prApti pUrNa prahiMsaka banane para hI ho sakatI hai| ___ kavidhara budhajana ne apane sAhitya meM aneka mAdhyArimaka evaM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA sarala bhASA meM varNana kiyA hai / ve pramANa, nama aura nikSepa kA apane prasiddha anya tatvArtha kadha eva padhAntikAya mASA me bar3I hI sUkSmatA evaM spaSTatA ke sAtha varNana karate haiM : naya-pramANa dvArA jAne gaye padArtha ke eka praza ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa-vastu ke samasta prazoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai| naya ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhAte hue kavi ne vividha dRSTAntoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ye naya ke mukhya do bheda karate hai-dravyAzrivA naya aura paryAyAthika naya / cyArthika naya-dravya ko viSaya karane vAtAdhyAthikA ravaM cayani mana kI pica karata yA payAyAthika naya hai / draSyAthika naya ke 1. bheda haiM-(1) para upAdhi-nirapekSa zuddha dravyAyika naya, jaise-saMsArI jIva siddha ke samAna zuddha hai (2) sasA-grAhaka zuddha dadhyApika naya, jaise jIva nitya hai / (3) bheda kalpanA nirapekSa zuddha navyAthika naya, jaise-TUkSma apane guNa paryAya svarUpa hone se bhinna hai / (4) para upAdhi sApekSa prazuddha dravyAthika naya, jaise--prAtmA karmodaya se krodha, mAna mAdi bhAva rUpa hai / (5) utpAda vyaya sApekSa azuddha praghyAthika napa, jaise--eka hI samaya meM utpAda, vyaya, dhaumya rUpa hai| (6) bheda kalpanA sApekSa azuddha dravyAthika naya, jaise-pAtmA ke jJAna darzana Adhi guNa hai / (7) antyama dravyAthika naya, jaise-dravya guNa paryAya-svabhAva hai| (8) svacatuSTaya prAhaka dravyAthika naya, jaise-svadraSya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA dravya hai| (2) paracatuSTaya mAdaka dravyArthika naya, jaise para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA dravya nahIM hai (10) paramabhAva grAhaka dravyAthika caya, jaise-pAramA jJAna svarUpa hai| isI prakAra paryAyAthika naya ke 6 bheda batalAye haiM 1-pranAdi nitya paryAyAthika ! jaise sumeruparvata prAdi pudagala paryAya nitya hai / 2-sAdi nitya paryAyAthika naya-jaise siddha paryAya nitya hai / 3-utpAdabyaya grAhaka paryAyAthika naya / jaise pAya kSaNa kSaraNa meM naSTa hotI hai / 4-sattA sApekSa paryAyAthika naya / jaise-pAya eka 1. saphalaza paramAe hai| naya eka deza pramAna | vima sApekSAnaya mithyA, sApekSA sattimAna / sudhajanaH taravArthabodha, padya saM0 20 pR. saM. 15 prakAzaka kanhaiyAlAla gaMgavAla lazkara, prakAzana /

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kamvira budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hI samaya meM utpAda vyaya dhrauvya rUpa hai| 5-para upAdhi tirapekSa zava paryAyAthika maya-jaise saMsArI jIvoM kI paryAya siddha bhagavAna ke samAna zuddha hai / 6-para upAdhi sApekSa prazuza paryAyAthika naya' / jaise-saMsArI jIvoM ke janma maraNa hote haiM / saMkalpa mAtra se padArtha ko jAnane vAlA naMgama naya hai / usake tIna bheda hai-- 1-bhUta, 2-bhAvI, 3-patamAna / bhUtakAla meM vartamAna kA bhAropaNa karanA mata naigama naya hai| jaise dIpAvalI ke dina kahanA ki-mAja bhagavAna mahAvIra muvata hue haiM / bhaviSya kA vartamAna meM pAropaNa karanA bhAvI naigama naya hai / jaise arahaMta bhagavAna ko siddha kahanA / prAraMbha kiye hue kArya ko sampanna huyA kAhanA dartamAna naigama maya hai| jaise-dUlhe meM agni jalAte samaya yoM kahanA ki maiM cAvala banA rahA hU~ / padArthoM ko saMgrahIta (ikaTThe) rUpa se jAnane vAlA saMgrahanaya hai| isake do bheda haiM-sAmAnya saMgraha- se samasta padArtha drazyatva kI prapekSA samAna haiN| paraspara pravirodhI haiM / 2-vizeSa saMgraha-jaise samasta jIva jIvatva kI apekSA samAna haiM / paraspara virodhI hai| saMgraha taya ke dvArA jAne gaye viSaya ko vidhi pUrvaka bheda karake jAnanA vyavahAra naya hai / isake do bheda haiM-sAmAnya vyavahAra jaise padArtha do prakAra ke haiM 1 jIva 2 ajIba / vizeSa vyavahAra naya-jaise jIva do prakAra ke haiM / 1 saMsArI, 2 mukta / ___ vartamAna kAla ko grahaNa karane vAlA RjusUtra naya hai / isake bhI do bheda haiN| 1 sUkSma Rju sUtra / jaise paryAya eka samayayatI hai / 2 sthUsa Rju sUtra / jaise-manuSya prAdi paryAya ko janma se maraNa taka prAyu bhara jAnanA / saMkhyA, liMga mAdi kA vyabhicAra dUra karake zabda ke dvArA padArtha ko grahaNa karanA / jaise-abhinna liMga bAcI dAra (pu0) bhAryA (strI0) kalA (10) prAbdoM ke dvArA sthI kA grahaNa honA / eka zabda ke aneka artha hone para bhI kisI prasiddha eka rUr3he artha ko hI zabda dvArA grahaNa karanA / jaise-go zabda ke pRthvI vANI, kaTAkSa, kiraNa, gAya prAdi aneka artha hai phira bhI go zabda ko hI jAnanA / / zabda kI vyutpatti ke anusAra usI kriyA meM pariNata padArtha ko usa zabda dvArA grahaNa karanA evaMmUta naya hai| jaise gati iti go (jo calatI ho so gAya hai) isa vyutpatti ke anusAra calate samaya hI gAya ko go pAda se jAnanA evaMbhUta naya hai / naya kI zAkhA ko upanaya kahate haiN| upanaya ke 3 bheda haiM-1 sadbhUta vyavahAranaya 2 sasadbhUta vyavahAranaya 3 upacarita prasadabhUta vyavahAranaya / __ sadbhUta vyabahAranaya ke do bheda haiM-1 zuddha sadbhuta vyabahAra naya-jo zuddha guNa gulI, zuddha paryAya paryAyo kA bheda kathana kare jaise siddhoM ke kevala jJAna darzana prAdi guNa haiM /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 143 2-azuddha sadbhUta vyavahAranaya jo azuddha guNa guNI tathA zrazuddha paryAya paryAyI kA bheda bana kare - jaise saMsArI zrAtmA kI manuSya Adi paryAya hai / zrasadbhUta vyavahAra naya ke 3 bheda hai- 1 bajAti zrasadbhUta vyavahAranayaparamANu bahudezI hai / 2 vijAti para jaise pratijJAna mUrtika padArtha se utpanna hotA hai aisA kahanA / 3 svajAti vijAti asadabhUta vyavahAranaya jaise jJa eya (jJAna ke viSayabhUta ) jIva prajoSa meM jJAna hai kyoMki vaha jJAna kA viSaya hai aisA kahanA | upacarita prasadbhUta vyavahAranaya ke bhI 3 bheda hai / 1 svajAti upacarita prasadbhUta vyavahAra - jaise putra, strIzrAdi mere haiM / 2 vijAti upacarita prasabhUta vyavahAranaya-- jaise makAna, vastra Adi padArtha mere haiM / 3 svajAti vijAti upa-carita prasadbhUta vyavahAra--jaise nagara deza merA hai| nagara meM rahane vAle manuSya svajAti ( cetana ) haiM / makAna vastra prAvi vijAti ( pracetana ) haiM | naya ke do bheda aura bhI kiye gaye haiM- 1 nizcaya 2 vyavahAra / jo prabhedopacAra se padArthaM ko jAnatA hai vaha nizcayataya hai-- jaise zrAtmA zuddha, buddha, niraMjana hai / jo medopacAra se padArtha ko jAnatA hai vaha vyavahAramaya hai jaise jIva ke jJAna Adi guNa haiM | prakArAntara se bhI kavi ne ina donoM nayoM kA svarUpa batAyA hai / jo padArtha ke zuddha pradeza kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha nizcaya naya hai, jaise jo apane cetana prANa se sadA jIvita rahatA hai vaha jIva hai / jo padArtha ke mizrita rUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha vyavahAranava hai| jaise- jisameM indriya 5, bala 3, prAyu aura zvAsocchavAsa ye yathAyogya 10 prANa pAye jAte haiM, yA jo ina bhAgoM se jItA hai vaha jIba hai / vastutaH naya AMzika jJAna rUpa hai ataH ve sabhI satya hote haiM jabaki ve anya nayoM kI apekSA rakhate haiN| yadi ve anya nayoM kI apekSA na rakheM to ve mithyA kahalAte haiM / kahA bhI hai " sApekSya naya satma hote haiM aura nirapekSa naya mithyA hote haiM prayojana donoM nayoM kA prayojana AtmA ko jAnane kA hai jaise zarIra meM protra, nAka, kAna do-do haiM para jilhA jisase svAda lete haiM bahu eka hI hai| AtmAnubhava ke samaya tatvoM kA svAda lene meM donoM nayoM kI apekSA nahIM hai| eka nava vastu svarUpa ko nahIM batAtA | nizcayana kevala eka naya hai aura vyavahAra naya bhI eka nama hai yataH kisI bhI naya ke prati pakSapAta nahIM karanA cAhie / naya chor3anA nahIM par3ate, chUTa jAte haiM / ataH nayoM ke viSaya meM pakSapAta karanA yA unheM vivAda kA viSaya banAnA ucita nahIM / saptatatva evaM Sadravya

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kavivara saplatatva - vivecana meM anya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti kavivara budhajana ne bhI inakA sUkSma evaM vizada vivecana kiyA hai - kaSi ne tatvArthabodha meM pRSTha saMkhyA 26 se pRSTha saMkhyA 52 taka uparokta viSaya kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / 144 budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 'jIva, jIva, zrAzrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa ye sAta taba haiN| inakA zradvAna karane vAlA samyagdRSTi haiM / " ina lavoM kI yathArthatA ke sambandha meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI likhate haiM: - 'yaha yathArtha hai ki jaina darzana kA vikAsa mAtra tatvajJAna kI bhUmi para na hokara yAcAra kI bhUmi para huA hai / jIvana zodhana kI vyaktigata mukti prakriyA aura samAja tathA vizva meM zAnti sthApanA ko lokeSaNA kA mUlamaMtra hiMsA hai zrataH mumukSu ke duHkhoM se nivRtti prApta karane ke liye tatvajJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| prayojanIbhUta tasva sAsa haiM : - (1) jIva ( 2 ) ajIba (3) zrAzrava (4) baMdha ( 5 ) saMkara (6) nirjarA (7) mora / pu aura epa se donI va hI ke hone ke kAraNa prathak tatva rUpa meM parigaNita nahIM haiN| inako alaga mAnane se to padArtha ho jAte haiM / ' jIva tasva- jo bhUtakAla meM jItA thA, vartamAna meM jItA hai aura bhaviSya kAla meM jItA rahegA, jisakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| jaise agni meM uSzAtA hai usI prakAra jIva meM cetanA guraNa hai | vaha cetanA guru kavi budhajana ke vicAra se sIna prakAra kA hotA hai1. jJAna cetanA 2 karma cetanA, 3 karmaphala cetanA / siddha zrAtmAnoM meM evaM samyagdRSTi jIvoM meM jJAna cetanA pAI jAtI hai| rAga dveSa kI pradhAnatA vAle yasa jIva karma cetanA sambandha vAle hai tathA sthAvara jIva karmaphala cetanA yukta haiM / vaha amUrtika hai | cetanAguraNa saMyukta hai / kartA hai, bhoktA hai, zarIra prabhAraNa hai, UrdhvagAmI aura utpAda vyaya tathA zrISya yukta hai / zrAtmA (jIva ) meM vItarAgatA, cetanA, zAna, darzana, sukha, vIryaM zrAdi guNa vidyamAna haiN| para saMyoga se rAga, dveSa, tRSNA, duHkha zrAdi vikAra AtmA meM nihita hai / zrataH zrAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa dvArA hI vikArI aura para saMyogI pravRtti ko dUrakara use yuddha aura nirmala banAyA jA sakatA hai / 1. DaoN0 surendranAtha dAsa gupta ne jIva tatva kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai:'yaha smaraNIya hai ki jainoM ke anusAra AtmA (jIva ) jisa zarIra meM rahatI hai, use pUrNa rUpa se vyApatI hai / pariNAmataH mastaka ke bAla ke prabhAga se paira ke nAkhUna jIva prajIva zrAzravAbaMdha, saMvara nirjara mokSa samaMtra / sAtatya inakA saradhAna, so nara samyak vanavAna // budhajanaH tasvArthabodha: pR0 saMkhyA 26 padma saMkhyA 193 umAsvAmI tatvArtha sUtra, pra0 adhyAya / :

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 145 taka jahAM kahIM bhI indriyaka jJAna kA kAraNa hotA hai, vaha (AtmA) usakA turanta anubhava kara letI hai|' mukhya bAta yaha hai ki jana darzana meM bahujIvavAda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA pratyeka jIva kI svatama sattA svIkAra kI gaI hai| jIva dravya ko patra bheH / ....pudAla, ', pa, prakAza aura kAla / jo rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza prAdi guNoM se yukta hai vaha pudgala hai| yaha kaMdha avasthA meM puraNa-ganana kriyA rUpa hotA rahatA hai / samasta Sya jagada isI kA vistAra hai| zabda. baMgha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, udyota, prAtapa se saba gudgala dravya kI paryAya (dazAe) hai| pudgala paramANu svabhAvataH kriyAzIla hai| usakI gati-sIna, manda, madhyama, aneka prakAra kI hotI hai| pArIra, indriya, prAraNa, apAna, zvAsocchavAsa prAdi pudgala se hI nirmita haiM 1 dharmadravya maura adhamaMdravya-jIva aura pudgala ke samAna dharma aura adhamaMdraSya bhI ho svataMtra dravya hai| inakA artha puNya-pApa nahIM hai / dharmadravya gatilA pariNamana karane vAle jIva aura pudgaloM ko gamana meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura adharmadravya Thaharate hue pudgala aura jIvoM ko Thaharane meM sahAyaka haiM / ye donoM dravya lokAkAza ke barAbara haiM / rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza praura zabda se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramUrtika aura niSkriya hai / utpAda, dhyaya aura prauvya yukta hai / loka aura aloka kA vibhAga ina donoM dravyoM ke savabhAva kA phala hai / yaha drazya samasta bhajIvAdi dRzyoM ko padagAha sthAna detA hai / arthAt jIya, pudgala dharma, adharma, kAlAdi samasta padArtha yugapata jisameM pravakAza prApta karate haiM, vaha pAkAyA hai / yaha niSkriya praura rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza evaM zamdAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramUrtika hai| prakAza dAna hI isakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai / pudagala kA eka paramANu jitane bhAkAza ko rokatA hai, use pradeza kahate haiN| isa pramANa se It is well renembrance that according to the Jain's the sound occupies the whole of the body in which it lives, so that from the tip of the hair to the nail of the foot, where ever there may be any cause of sensation, It can atona feel it. A history of Indian Philosophy : Cambridge University press, 1938 P 189 2. sobaMdhI suhamo, thulo sa'ThAraNa bhedatama chaayaa| ujodAdava sahiyA, puggala davvassa pajjAyA // prAcArya nemicandra, drampasa praha, gAthA kramAMka 16, pR0sa0 12 vi0ma0 2033 prakA0 hstinaapur|

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva prAkAza ananta pradezI hai / isake do bheda haiM--lokAkAza aura alokAvANa / kucha dArzanikoM ne dizA ko svataMtra dravya mAnA hai parantu jaina dArzanikoM ne dik dravya kA anArbhAva AkAza dravya meM hI kara liyA hai| kAla dravya samasta dravyoM ke utpAdAdi rUpa pris| mana meM sahakArI kAla drazya hotA hai| isakA lakSaNa vartacA hai| yaha svayaM parivartana karate hue pranya prakoM ke parivartana meM sahakArI hotA hai aura samasta lokAkAza meM ghar3I, ghaMTA, pana, dina, rAna prAdi dhyavahAra meM nimitta hotA hai / yaha bhI anya dravyoM ke samAna utpAda, vyaya aura praunaga yukta hai, amatika hai / 'pratyeka lokAkAza ke praveza para eka-eva kAlANu apa svataMtra sattA banAye hue hai / dharma aura adharma dravya ke samAna yaha loka kAza vyApI pa dravya nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka prakAza pradeza para eka eka kAlANu avasthita hai| nAla dravya ke do bheda haiM-niyacayakAla aura vyavahArakAla / ' (3) prAnaba tasya kabhIka Ane vAra ko mAyava mahAjita prakAra dvAra se hama gRha meM praveza karate haiM usI prakAra jisa mArga se prAtmA meM karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai use prAzraya kahate haiM / yoga ke nimitta se (mana, vacana, kAma nAtmA meM pudgalI kA prAgamana hotA hai| isake do bheda haiM / bhAvAzrava aura dravyAdhava / jina bhAvoM se karmoM kA prAzraya hotA hai unheM bhAvAzrava aura karma kA jAnA vyAzrava kahalAtA hai| (4) do padArthoM ke viziSTa sambandha ko bandha vAhate haiM / mandha do prakAra kA hai--eka bhAva bandha aura dUsarA dravya bandha / jina rAga dvepa pIra moha prAdi vikArI bhAvoM se karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai, una bhAvoM ko bhAyabandha kahate haiM aura karmapudgaloM kA prArama-pradezoM se sambandha honA drazya baiMca kahalAtA hai / prAtmA aura karma ke pradezoM kA paraspara milakara eka kSetrAvagrAha rUpa honA baMdhatatva hai| (5) saMvaratarava jina dvAroM se karmoM kA mAnana hotA thA, una dvAroM kA nirodha karanA saMvaratatva hai / prAzraya yoga se (mana, vacana, kAya kI caMcalatA) hotA hai, prataH yoga ko rokanA hI saMvaratatva hai| 1. loyAyAsa padese ikveSaka jeThiyA ikvekkA rayagANaM rAsImiva te kAlAe prasaMkha vagyArie / nemicandra prAcArya : dravyasaMgraha, gAthA saMkhyA 22 pR. saMkhyA 16, hastinApura (meraTha) prakAzanna / pUjyapAda prAcArya : sarvArthasikhi, pra0 pra0 suutr| pUjyapAda prAcArya : sarvArthasini ma0 1, sUtra 1 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 147 (6) nirmarAtatva pUrva karmoM ko ghor3A-thor3A naSTa karanA nirjarA hai / yaha do prakAra kI haiavipAka aura savipAka / pakti pragane purUpArtha se apane saMcita karmoM ko udayAvasthA ko prApta hue binA hI na2 kara sakatA hai / i madara pUrvaka hAtI I. saMvara pUrvaka sampanna hone vAlI nirjarA hI mukti kA kAraNa hai| ise aviSAka nirjarA kahate haiN| karmoM kI sthiti pUrI hone para jaba ve udaya meM mAte haiM aura unakA phala bhoga liyA jAtA hai taba nijI ho jAte haiM, vaha savipAka nirjarA hai / ye ghonoM bheda bhAva nirjarA aura dravya nirjarA donoM meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / (7) mokSatasya "samasta karma bandhanoM kA prAmA se pRthak ho jAnA mokSatatva hai! 1" prAtmA kA jo pariNAma rAbhI karmoM meM kSaya meM hetu hai, yaha pariNAma bhAvamokSa kahalAtA hai aura zrAtmA se sarva karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA dravya mokSa hai / isa prakAra mokSasatya ke bhAvAnava evaM dravyAnava aise do bheda haiM / / karma-siddhAnta samasta loka meM karmavargaNA jAti ke asaMkhya sUkSma paramANu (Matter) bhre| hae haiM jinameM phaladAna karane kI zakti hai jIvAtmA kA svabhAtra nizcala aura niSkaMpa rahane kA hai kintu jisa samaya vaha mana vacana kAya ke dvArA apane svabhAva ke viparIta kucha bhI kriyA karatA hai to usake prAtma-pradezoM meM halana-calana kI kriyA hotI hai / jIvAtmA meM hone vAle isa prasvAmI kama se loka meM bhare hue karma pradeza usI prakAra prAkarSita hote haiM jisa prakAra prAga meM tapA huA lohe kA golA pAnI meM par3a jAne para pAnI ko bhI apanI ora khIMcatA hai / isa prakAra pharma vargaNalae prAtmA meM prAtI to haiM kintu yadi prAtmA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, slobha, kaSAya rUpa goMda vidyamAna hotA hai taba to ve yahAM prAphara cipaka jAtI hai (eka kSetrAcagAhI ho jAtI hai, anyathA vahAM se nikalakara calI AtI hai| kaSAya teja hogI to karmavargaNAeM adhika samaya ke liye bNdhegii| isa prakAra pudgala karma-vargasAnoM dvArA phala kA diyA jAnA, Izvara yA emarAja yA dharmarAja mI visI zakti kA phala se sambandha ma batalAkara karma siddhAnta ko vaijJAnika rUpa meM upasthita karanA kavivara sudhajana kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA thii| kavi ne prAtmA ke sAtha baMdhane vAle karmoM kI sthiti 4 prakAra kI masalAI hai| 1 prakRtibaMdha, 2 pradezabaMdha, 3 sthitibaMdha aura 4 anubhAgabaMdha / baccha ko prApta 1. pUjyapAda prAcArya : sarvArtha siddhi, adhyAya 1, sUtra 4 /

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146 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hone vAle karma paramANuSoM meM aneka prakAra kA svabhAva par3anA prakRtibaMdha hai| unakI saMkhyA kA niyata honA pradezabaMdha hai / unameM kAla kI maryAdA kA par3anA ki amuka samaya taka jItra ke sAtha baMdhe raheMge, sthiti baMdha hai aura phala dene kI zakti kA utpanna honA anubhAga bandha hai| karmoM meM aneka prakAra ke svabhAva kA par3anA tathA unakI saMkhkhA kA honAdhika honA yoga para nirbhara hai| isa taraha "prakRtibaMdha aura pradeza bandha to yoga se hote haiM tathA sthiti bandha anubhaHma bandha kaSAya se 11" ___ "prakRtibaMdha ke pATha bheda haiN|" jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, zrAyu, nAma, gotra mora antararAya / jhAnAvaraNa karma jIva ke jJAnaguraga ko dhAtatA hai| isake kAraNa koI alpajJAnI aura koI vizeSa jJAnI hotA hai / jJAnAvaraga ke 5 bheda haiM matijhAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAbaraNa, adhijJAnAvaraNa, manaH paryaya jJAnAbaraNa aura kebala jJAnAvaraNa / darzanAvaraNa karma jIva ke darzana guNa ko AcchAdita karatA hai / darzanAvarasA ke nau bheda haiN| cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAdharaNa, avadhi darzanAvaraNa, kevala darzanAvaraNa, nidrA, nidrA-nidrA, pracalA, pracalA-pracalA aura styaangRddhi| jIva kI sUkha dukha kA dedama-anubhava deNAra kA hotA hai| vedanIya karma ke do bheda haiM-sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya, "nijamAtmA meM, para prAtmA meM yA ubhaya pAsmAnoM meM sthita duHkha, zoka, tApa, mAkrandana, bagha aura parivedana ye prasAsAvedanIya pharma ke prAvadha haiN| prANi-anukaMpA ati anukaMpA dAna, sarAga-saMyama Adi kA ucita dhyAna rakhanA tathA zAnti aura zauca ye sAtAvedanIya karma ke prAsrava hai / " jIva ko mohita karane vAlA karma mohanIya kahalAtA hai / isake do bheda hai-varzanamohanIya aura cAritra mohanIma / darzana mohanIya' jIba ko sacce mArga para calane nahIM detA hai| isake 28 bheda haiN| kavivara budhajana ne inheM apane sAhitya meM bhalI bhAMti vivecita kiyA hai jinheM "tatvArthabova," "paMcAstikAya" bhASA Adi graMthoM se bhalI bhAMti jAnA jA sakatA hai / "kaSAya ka udaya se hone vAlA Atma kA tIba pariNAma-dhAritra mohanIya karma kA prAzrava hai|" jo nizcita samaya taka jIva ko nara nArakAdi paryAyoM meM roke rakhatA hai vaha prAyU karma hai / isake cAra bheda haiM-narakAyu, tirthacAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu bahu 1. jogApayazipamezA Thivi prabhAgAraNa kaSAyadohoti / nemicandra prAcArya : drabya saMgraha : gAthA saMkhyA 33, pR0 sakhyA 22 prakAzaka di. jaina triloka zoSa hAsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) 2. kavi vItalandhi : candraprabha caritra : sarga 18, zloka 98 / 3. umAsvAmI : taravArthapUtra adhyAya 6, sUtra 10 12 4. umAsvAmI : tasvArthasUtra adhyAya 6, satra sa0 14

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146 tulanAtmaka adhyayana P prAraMbha aura parigraha kA bhAva kA ke prazraya pAyA tiyaMvAyu ke zrAzrava, pralpa AraMbha aura alpa parigraha kA bhAva manuSyAyu ke pAtra evaM sarAga saMgama, saMgamAsaMyama, akAma nirjarA aura bAlatapa devAyu ke bhAzraya ke hetu haiN| jisake kAraNa zarIra aura gopAMga zrAdi kI nA ho, vaha nAmakarma hai| nAmakarmake 42 bheda haiN| jisake nimitta se jIva ucca yA nIca kula meM janma letA hai use gotra karma kahate / isake do bheda haiM- ucca goSa aura nIca gotra | "paranindA, bhAtma-prazaMsA, dUsaroM ke acche guNoM kA AcchAdana aura unake durguNoM kA udbhAvana nIca gotra ke prAzrava ke hetu haiM evaM para prazaMsA, Atma-nindA, namravRtti, aura abhimAna kA prabhAva yA kamI ye ucca gotra ke Azrama ke kAraNa haiM / " icchita vastu kI prApti meM bAdhA utpanna karane vAlA karma antarAya hai isake pAMca bheda haiM-dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya zraura upabhogAntarAya, aura vIryAntarAya / dAnAdi meM didhana utpanna karana antarAya karma ke zrAzrava kA hetu hai / uparokta prAThoM karmo kI utkRSTa evaM jaghanya sthiti kA varNana bhI kavi ne kiyA hai| karmoM ke siddhAnta ke vizleSaNa meM kavi ne jaMnAcArya umAsvAmI ke tatvArthasUtra ko apanA AdhAra banAyA hai| jIva karmoM ko kaba aura kaise bAMdhatA hai maura unakA baMTavArA kaise hotA hai ityAdi bAtoM para bhI kavi ne apane prasiddha graMtha "tatyArthabodha" meM prakAza DAlA hai / bandha, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, sattA, udaya, udIrazA, saMkramaNa, upazama, nidhati aura nikAcanA karmoM kI ina mukhya dala yavasthAoM kA varNana bhI kavi ne kiyA hai| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM karma siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa kavivara budhajana ne apane sAhitya meM kiyA hai / 1 jaina darzana ke anyAnya viSaya jJAna mImAMsA aura syAdvAda ke vana bhI apanI racanAoM meM kavi ne kiye hai | AmotthAna kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM caturdaza guNasthAnoM kA bhI ullekha kavi ne apane sAhitya meM kiyA hai| (3) gItikAvya ke vikAsa meM yudhajana kA yoga bhAratIya gItikAvya kA prAraMbha vaidika yuga se mAnA jAtA hai / gItikAvya meM saMgIta kI pradhAnatA hotI hai | isIliye vidvAnoM ne layAtmaka dhvani ko gIta kahA hai / saMgIta hRdaya meM rahane vAle satya kA vyasta rUpa hai / vaha akhaMDa hotA hai / bAhara se dekhane meM vaha zraneka prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai, parantu mUla meM vaha eka hI hai| vaha antara kA zravyakta satya hI gItikAvya kA preraNAsrota hai / samasta gItikAra saMbhavata: usI se preraNA prApta karate haiM / gItikAvyoM meM jo bhitratA milatI hai, vaha sthUla jagat ke prabhAva kA parigAma hai / antara meM vyApta usa tastha meM zranekatA nahIM ho sktii| jaise saMskRti kA 1. umAsvAmI satyArthasUtra; pradhyAya 6, sUtra ha0 25-26 di0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata /

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150 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bAhya rUpa dezakAla aura vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva se vibhinna prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai usI prakAra bhASA tathA zailI zrAdi ke kAraNa gItikAvya ke bAharI rUpa meM bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai / parantu vastuta: usameM bhinnatA nahIM hai| isaliye yaha prAvazyaka hai ki hama vibhinna deza aura kAla tathA vibhinna dArzanika vicAroM se prabhAvita gItikAroM ke maulika tatvoM tathA unakI kalAtmaka ni zepatAnoM kA tulanAtmaka vicAra kreN| gItikAvya loka kAvya hai / use hama janatA kA sAhitya bhI kaha sakate haiM / usameM bhAvoM kI abhivyakti hotI hai tathA saMgIta bhI rahatA hai / saMskRti sAhitya kI bhAMti hindI sAhitya meM gItikAvya kA sarvAdhika mahatyapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta, prAkRtta aura pramabhraza bhASAoM meM bhI aneka sarasaMgIta likhe haiN| jinameM prema, viraha, vivAha, yuddha aura amAtma-bhAvanA kI sundara abhivyaMjanA huI hai| hamameM saMgIta hai, rAgAtmavAtA hai aura laya hai aura isI raSTi se ye gIta race gaye haiN| "kavivara budhajana" ne hindI sAhitya ko lAvanI bhajana aura pada mAdi ke rUpa meM vipula sAmagrI pradAna kI hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se "budhajana" ke gItoM evaM padoM ko adhyAtma, nIti, AvAra, vairAgya, bhakti svakartavya nirUpaNa, Atma-tatva kI preyatA aura zRMgAra-bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAyaH sabhI padoM meM ghAtmAlocana ke sAtha mana. zarIra aura indriyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti kA nirUpaNa kara mAnava ko sAyadhAna kiyA hai| gItikAvya meM nimna cAroM tatvoM kA rahanA prAvazyaka hai| me sabhI guNa budhajana kI racanAoM meM pAye jAte haiN| (1) saMgItAtmakatA (2) kisI eka bhAvanA yA anubhUti kI abhivyakti (3) prAtmadarzana aura prAsmavidyA (4) vaiyaktika anubhUti kI gaharAI ke sAtha geytaa| kavi ve apane antamana se jo preraNA prApta kI, usI ko apane padoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| prArama-betanA kI jAgRti unake padoM kA prAraNa hai / prAtmAnubhUti ko layapUrNa bhASA meM vyakta karanA hI una kA uddezya hai / kavivara budhajana ne vilAvala rAga ko dhImI tAla para atyanta sundara DhaMga se gAyA hai| unake isa pada meM kevala bhASA kI tar3aka-bhar3aka hI nahIM hai, kintu chanda aura laya kA sAmaMjasya bhI hai / unhoMne nimnalikhita pada meM gaharI yAtmAnubhUti kA paricaya diyA hai| kadhi kA mana aura prAe zAnti-prApti ke liye kitanA chaTapaTA rahA hai ? dekhiye "ho manAjI thArI vAni burI cha dukhadAI / nija kAraja meM neka na lAgata, paramoM prIti lagAI / / 1 / / yA svabhAva soM pratidukha pAyo, so aba tyAgo bhAI // 2 // "budhajana" prausara bhAga na pAye, sevo thI jina rAI // 3 //

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 151 kavi ne adhyAtmika zAnti prApta karane ke liye komalakAnta padAvalI maiM apanI kamanIya anubhUtiyoM ko mAmika abhivyaMjanA kI hai / kavivara vanArasIdAsa ne 'cetana tu tihu~ kAla akelA' kahakara padoM meM anubhUti kI jaMsI abhivyaMjanA kI hai, vaisI hI "burajana" kI gautiyoM meM upalabdha hai / unake padoM meM pradarzana kI pravRtti kI pradhAnatA hai / zabda sauMdarya aura zabda-saMgIta bhI sabhI padoM meM sunAI par3atA hai / bhajana aura pada rakhane meM budhajana kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / inake padoM meM anubhUti kI tIvratA, layAtmaka saMvedana zIlatA aura samAhita bhAvanA kA pUrA prastitva vidyamAna hai / Atma zodhana ke prati jo jAgarUkatA unameM hai, vaha kama kaviyoM meM upalabdha hogI / kavi ke vicAroM kI kalpanA aura AtmAnubhUti kI preraNA pAThakoM ke samakSa aisA citra upasthita karatI hai, jisase pAThaka anubhUti meM lIna hue vinA nahIM raha sakatA / tA yaha hai ki unakI anubhUti meM gaharAI hai, prabalavega nahIM / ataH unake pada pAThakoM ko DUbane kA avasara dete haiM, bahane kA nahIM / saMsAra rUpI marubhUmi kI vAsanA rUpI bAlukA se tapta kavi, zAnti cAhatA hai, vaha anubhava karatA hai ki mRtyu kA sambandha jIvana ke sAtha hai| jIvana kI prakRti mRtyu hai| mRtyu hamAre sira para sadA vidyamAna hai| ataH pratikSaNa pratyeka vyakti ko satarka rahanA caahiye| isa viSaya meM kavi gunagunAtA huA kahatA hai kAla acAnaka hI le jAegA, gAphila hokara sahanA kyA re // 1 // chinahU to nAhi bacAve, to sumarana kA rakhanA kyA re ||2|| raMcaka svAda karana ke kAje, narakana meM duHkha bharanA kyA re || 3 // kula jana, pathika janana ke kAje, narakana meM dukha bharanA kyA re // 4 // zrAtma-darzana ho jAne para kavi ne zrAtmA kA vizleSaNa eka bhAvuka ke nAte bar3A hI sarasa aura ramaNIya kiyA hai "maiM dekhA zrAtamarAmA " rUpa-pharasa rasa gaMdha teM nyArA, darasa jJAna-guna ghAmA | nitya niraMjana jAke nAhIM, krodha lobha -mada-kAmA // 1 // 5 bhUkha-pyAsa, sukha-duHkha nahiM jAke, nAhIM banapura grAmA / nahi sAhaba nahi cAkara bhAI, nahIM tAta nahi bhAmA ||2|| bhUla anAdi thako jaga bhaTakata, le pudgala kA jAmA | budhajanaH hindI pada saMgraha, pR0 164, saMpA0 OM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura, pra0 saMskaraNa, maI 1965 /

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152 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva . 'budhajana' saMgati kI gurU kI taM, maiM pAyA mujha ThAmA // 3 // "budhajana" ke gItyAtmaka padoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA (1) bhakti-paraka yA prArthamA-paraka / (2) tathya nirUpaka yA dArzanika / bhagavad bhakti ke binA jIvana viSaya bhogoM meM hI vyatIta ho jAtA hai / viSayI prANI tapa, dhyAna, bhakti, pUjA Adi meM apanA citta nahIM lagAte ! unheM paraparagati hI zreyaskara pratIta hotI hai| yadi vaha bhagavad bhakti meM naga jApa so usake sampUrNa duHkha dUra ho sakate haiM tathA prAtmajJAna prApta ho sakatA hai | viSayAsakta prAgI yaha socatA hai ki bhakti yA dharma nAdi kArya to vRddhAvasthA meM kareMge, parantu use yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki jaba taka zarIra meM zakti hai tabhI taka bhagavad bhakti kI jA sakatI hai / ata: zarIra ke svastha rahate hue pramu-bhajana avazya karanA cAhiye / kavi isI tathya ko nimna pada meM abhivyakta kara rahA hai-- 'bhajana bina yoM hI janama gamAyo / pAnI pelyAM pAla na bAMdhI, phira poche paTanAyo // 15 // rAmA mohabhaye dina khobata, prAzA-pAza baMdhAmro / japa-tapa-saMjama, dAna na dInA, mAnuSa janama harAyo / / 2 / / deha-sIsa jaba kAMpana lAgI, dasana calAcala dhAyo / lAgI aAgi vujhAvana kArana, cAhata kUpa khudAyo // 3 // kAla anAdi bhramAyo, bhramatAM kabahuM na thira cita jAyo / 'hari' viSaya sukha, bharama mulAno, mRga tRSNA vaza dhaayo||4|| kavi ke padoM meM saMgIta aura laya ke sAtha prayAha evaM bhAva bhI vidyamAna hai| kadi ke samasta padoM meM bhakti kI utkaTatA aura prAtma-samarpaNa kI bhAvanA hone se abhivyaMjanA zakti vidyamAna hai jo unake samasta padoM ko gIti-kAvya kI paridhi meM lAte haiN| kavivara budhajana ne tadhya-nirUpaka yA dArzanika pada bhI likhe hai, para unameM dArzanika durUhatA nahIM prAne pAI hai| nIti viSamaka aura dArzanika padoM meM kavi ne jainAgama ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / ve dukhtA se bacate rahe haiN| unakI buSajanaH hindI para prahapR0 sa0 161, saMpA0 DaoN0 kastUravAda kAsalI vAla, mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura, pra. saMskaraNa maI 1965 / 2. budhajana: budhajana vilAsa, padya saMkhyA 21, pRSTha sa0 11, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, 161/1 harIsana roga, klkttaa|

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1 tulanAtmaka adhyayana 153 bhASA meM bhASAnukUla mAdhuyaM hai aura saralatA va saMkSiptatA prAdi guNa bhI paryApta mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiM / kavi ne apane padoM meM banar3I ghAsAvarI, sAraMga, bhairavI, rAmakalI, soraTha, koTI, vidvAga, bilAvala, mAnakoSa, kedArI, mAMr3ha, khyAlatamAcA, jaMgala, bhairU, baravA. Tor3I, umAja, jogI rAsA, kAphI horI, dIpacaMdI, cocAlo, lAvanI, horI, dIpakadI, carcerI, vasaMta, kalyANa, mAlakoSa, DhAla holI, paraja, basaMta / vidyApati, sUra, jIrA, dhanAnanda Adi prAcIna kaviyoM ke gItoM ke avalokana se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki hindI meM gItoM kI paraMparA bahuta purAnI hai / budhajana ke gIta unako aAntarika jIvana kI vibhinna avasthAnoM kA udghATana karate hai / inameM se vidyApati hindI gItikAvya kI paraMparA ke vikAsa meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / inake kAvya meM gItikAvya kI sabhI vizeSatAeM samAviSTa huI haiM / mAnava prama kI vibhinna vaiyaktika anubhUtiyoM kI sundara vyaMjana inake kAvya meM huI hai / zrataH vidyApati hindI ke prathama gItakAra Thaharate haiM / (4) vidyApati aura budhajana zava, vidyApati vastutaH saMkramaNa ke pratinidhi kavi haiM / ve darabArI kavi hote hue bhI jana- kavi haiM / zRMgArika hote hue bhI bhakta haiN| zAkta yA vaiSNava hote hue bhI zreSTha kavi haiN| jIvana ke dhanta meM ve mukta ho gaye the / unhoMne kRSNa bhakti sambandhI racanAeM kI haiN| unhoMne rAdhAkRSNa ke pra ema meM sAmAnya janatA ke sukha-duHkha, milana-viraha ko aMkita kiyA hai / vidyApati kI dRSTi meM pramatatva ho kAmya hai| unake liye manuSya se bar3A anya koI padArtha nahIM hai / unhoMne mAnava mana ke ucca dharAtala ko abhivyakti dI hai| aisI racanAoM meM hI mAnava dharma abhivyakti pAtA hai / kavi isa sthiti meM dharmo ke saMkucita ghere ko tor3akara deza-kAla-nirapekSa sAhitya kI sRSTi karatA hai| aise sAhitya meM mAnavIya jIvana ke dhabhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kI bAteM dikhAI par3atI haiM / vidyApati kI katipaya racanAoM meM mAnava dharma kI vyAkhyA milatI hai| unakI racanAoM meM bhakti kA nikharA huA rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai, jahAM bhakta eka ora to apane prArAdhyadeva ke mahatva kI ora dUsarI aura apane laghutva kI pUrNa anubhUti karane lagatA hai | yahI vaha sthiti hai, jisameM usakI zrAtma zuddhi hotI hai / P jaba vaha apane upAsya meM anaMta zakti kA sAmarthya dekhatA hai, taba use apanI dInatA aura asamarthatA kA zAna hotA hai| usake hRdaya se zrahaMbhAva dUra ho jAtA hai / vahna zrAtma-samarpaNa karatA hai--apane doSoM ko apane upAsya ke sAmane khola khola kara ginAtA hai / use jitanA prAnanda apane upAsya ke mahatva vana meM prAtA hai, utanA hI apane doSoM ke varNana meM bhii| isa zrAzaya ke pada vidyApati kI padAvalI meM aneka pAye jAte haiM / nimna pada dRSTavya haiM :--

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154 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva eva kRtitva "hari jani bisarava momamitA / hama nara saSama parama patitA // tugra sana prathama udhAra na dUsara / hama sana jaga nahiM patitA || jama ke dvAra javAba kauna deva / jakhana bujhata, nijagunakara batiyA' | - he zaMkara, maiM atyanta nIca aura parama pApI manuSya hUM / yataH mere prati apanI mamatA bhulA na denA / mujha para premabhAva banAye rakhanA / prApake samAna patita ucAraka anya nahIM hai aura jagat meM mere samAna zranya koI pApI nahIM hai, jaba merA maraNa hogA, taba yamarAja ke dvAra para jAkara kyA uttara dUMgA ? usa samaya Apa hI merI rakSA karane meM samartha haiN| Apa pramANa ko varaNa dene vAle haiN| meM Apake caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAtA hU~ / kRpayA jha para dayA kIjiye / uparokta padya meM vidyApati ne apane hRdaya kI utkRSTa bhakti prakaTa kI hai / ise bhakti kI paramAvasthA kahate haiM | apanI hInatA aura apane upAsya kI mahAnatA kA varNana karanA hI zreSTha bhakti hai| sUra aura tulasI ne bhI isI prakAra ke vinaya ke pada likhe haiM / isI prakAra kA bhakti kA pada kavivara "budhajana" kA dekhiye :-- prabhu patita pAvana meM abhAvana, caraNa Ayo zaraNa jI / yo vizva zrApa nihAra svAmI, meTi jAmana-maraNa jI / / tuma nA pichAnyo, anya bhAnyo, deva vividha prakAra jI || yA buddhi setI nija na jAnyo, bhrama ginyo hitakAra jI / / zrarthe - he jinendra | zrApa patitoM ko pavitra karane vAle haiM, ataH maiM Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM lAyA huuN| prabhu ! Apa apane bar3appana kA dhyAna rakhate hue mere janma-maraNa ke duHkha dUra kiijiye| maiMne Aja taka ApakI pahicAna karane meM bhUla kI hai, isa ajJAnatAvaza granyAnya devoM kI upAsanA karatA rahA isa mithyAbuddhi ke kAraNa sya kI pahicAna nahIM kI aura bhramavaza svahita meM bAdhaka kAraNoM ko apanA hita kAraka mAnA / vidyApati apane mArAdhya se yaha yAcanA karate haiM ki "kRpayA mujha para dayA kIjiye" parantu budhajana kI niSkAma bhakti meM yaha bhI nahIM hai / ye to kevala itanA hI kahate haiM -- vidyApati: padhAvalI saMpa DaoN0 prAnaMdaprasAda dIkSita, vi0 saM0 1670, pR.sa N. 132-34, sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, gvAliyara / 1. : :

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%3 - tulanAtmaka adhyayana "yAcU nahIM sUravAsa puni nara rAja parijana sAtha jii| "budha'' yAcahU tuba, bhakti bhava-bhava, dIjiye zivanAtha jI / / " artha-he prabhu ! prAya kI bhakti karane meM yaha nahIM cAhatA ki prApa mujhe svargAdi ke sukha pradAna kareM athavA maiM narenA banU yA parijanoM kA sAtha mujhe prApta ho / maiM to kevala yahI cAhatA hUM ki bhava-bhava meM arthAt janma-janmAntaroM meM prApakI bhakti hotI rhe| saMsAra kI vAstavikatA ke sambandha meM vidyApati kA eka anya pada dekhiye--- "tAtala sevata vAri bindusama, sutamita ramani samAja | mohe vini , prala mubha ina kauna kAja / / mAdhava hama parinAma nirAsA tahu jaga tArana dIna dayAmaya artha he mAdhava ! jisa prakAra tapta bAlU para pAnI kI baMda par3ate hI pilIna ho jAtI hai, vaise hI isa sasAra meM putra, mitra, patnI Adi kI sthiti hai / tujhe bhulAvAra maiMne apanA mana ina kSaNabhaMgura-vastunoM ko samarpita kara diyA hai, aisI sthiti meM aba merA kauna kArya siddha hogA? he pramu ! maiM jIvana bhara mApako bhulAkara mAyA-moha meM phaMsA rahA hU~ / prataH aba isake pariNAma se bahuta nirAza ho gayA huuN| pApa hI isa saMsAra se pAra utArane vAle ho, donoM para dayA karane vAle ho / ataeva tumhArA hI vizvAsa hai ki tuma merA uddhAra karoge / sAdhA jIvana to maiMne sokara hI bitA diyA, vRddhAvasthA aura bAlapana ke aneka dina bIta gaye / yuvAvasthA yuvatiyoM ke sAtha ke li-krIr3AnoM meM bitA dI / isa prema krIr3A meM masta rahane ke kAraNa meM terA smaraNa karatA to kisa samaya karatA? ati vilAsa vAsanA meM phaMse hone ke kAraNa tere majana-pUjana kA samaya hI nahIM nikAla paayaa| he mAdhava ! pApa grAdi anAdi ke nAtha kahalAte haiM, aisI sthiti meM isa bhava sAgara se pAra utArane kA bhAra pApa para isI prakAra kA eka pada kavivara "budhajana" kA prastuta hai :'uttama narabhava pAma mati bhUle re rAmA / / kITa pazu kA tana jaba pAyA, taba tU rakhA nikAmA / praba nara dehI pAya samAne, kyoM na bheje pramu nAmA / / surapati yAko cAha karata ura, kaba pAka nara AmA / aisA ratana pAya ke mAI kyoM khobata bina kAmA // kavi buSajamaH devadarzana, stuti, jJAnapITha pUjAMjali, pR0 sa0 534-35, bhAratIya mAnapITha prakAzana / 2. mAnanda prasAda dIkSita (saMpAdaka) vidyApati padAvalI ditIya saMskaraNa 1970, sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, gvAliyara /

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156 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva dhana jobana tana sundara pAyA magana bhayA lakhi mAmA / kAla acAnaka Taki khAyagA, pare raheMge ThAmA // apane svAmI ke pada paMkaja, karo hiye visarAmA || meTi kapaTa bhrama apanA 'buSajana' kyoM pAvo zivadhAmA // tujhe sarvadhA nahIM bhajana kyoM nahIM samajhatA hai) isa artha- isa zra eSTha nara-janma ko prApta karake apanI AtmA ko vismRta matakara 1 tU svayaM AtmA hai, ataH apane Apako mata bhUla, apane pUrva janmoM kA yA bhavoM kA smaraNa kara jaba tU choTA moTA kIr3A thA, yA jaba tU pazu thA, usa samaya tujhe koI jJAna na yA atyanta alpajJAnI thA yA apane hilA-hita kA viveka thaa| aba puNyodaya se tUne manuSya janma pAyA hai zrataH tu prabhu kA karatA ? (kyoMki aba tU vivekavAn prANI hai apane hitAhita ko narantana ko prApta karane kI icchA devatA bhI karate haiM kyoMki isa avasthA se prabhusmaraNa va saMyamAcaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| hai bhaaii| yaha mAnava-jIvana eka prakAra kA ratna hai | ataH bhUkhoM kI bhAMti ise kaur3I ke mola meM mata beca yA ise viSayabhogoM meM mata gaMvA / tujhe bhAgyodaya se dhana, yauvana, sundara sundara strI kA saMyoga milA hai / parantu tU inameM kara meM par3A rahA to kAla tujhe zIghra naSTa kara raha jAyaMge, terA sAtha nahIM deNge| apane hRdaya meM virAjamAna kro| bhrapane mana kA bhrama jAla miTAkara mukti-lAbha karo / mAnava-deha prApta huI hai, lIna mata ho / yadi tU inhIM ke degA / taba tere ye dhanAdi yahIM par3e apane svAmI ke caraNa-kamaloM ko vidyApati kA bhI eka stuti paraka pada vRSTavya hai :-- isameM ve apane zrAsaSya ke sAmane apane hRdaya ke bhAva vyakta karate hue kahate haiM :--- "zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM kA AdhAra pAkara vidyApati apane prArAdhya ke sAmane apanI sAdhanahInatA aura dInatA rakha dete haiM aura taba to vidyApati kI bhakti kI parAkASThA ho jAtI hai, jaba vaha kahatA hai ki apane karmoM ke kAraNa bhale hI maiM, manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kITa pataMga banne para tumhAre kIrtana meM mati lagI raheM / ' t. vajana: zuSajama vilAsa, pada saM0 66, pR0 saMkhyA 34, prakA0 jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya 161/1, harIsana roDa kalakattA / 2. he hariSaccoM tujha para nAtha / suzra para parihari pApa payonidhi, pAra tara phauna upAya ki ye mAnusa pasupati bhaye janamie, ghathavA kITa pataMga | karama-vipAka gatAgata punapuna, mati ra suna para saMga //

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- tulanAtmaka adhyayana 157 - - tulanAtmaka-adhyayana 1 vidyApati pahale kavi the aura bAda meM bhakta / budhajana bhI pahale kadhi the aura bAda meM bhakta tathA dArzanika / 2 vidyApati ne lokabhASA maithilI ko kAvya kA mAdhyama banAyA / budhajana ne bhI lokabhASA vArI ko kAgya kA mAdhyama banAyA / 3 vidyApati kI racanAoM meM unakA vyaktitva spaSTa jhalakatA hai| budhajana kI racanAmoM meM bhI unake vyaktitva kI spaSTa chApa hai| 4 nidhApati meM bhakta kaviyoM kI bhAMti Atma-nivedana kI bhAvanA thii| budhajana meM bhI bhakta kaviyoM kI bhAMti prAtma-nivedana kI bhAvanA thI / 5. vidyApati ne aneka racanAoM ke atirikta aneka padoM kI racanA kii| ye pada hI kavi kI akSaya-kIti ke prAdhAra hai / budhajana ne bhI aneka racanAgoM ke atirikta aneka padoM kI racanA kii| ye pakSa ho kavi ko akSaya-kIti ke prAdhAra haiN| 6 vidyApati meM prAtmAnubhUti kA prakAzana, sva-saMvedana-gamma, bhAva-bhUmi para lakSita hotA hai| budhajana meM bhI prAtmAnubhUti kA prakAzana, sva-saMvedana-gamya, bhAva-bhUmi para lakSita hotA hai| 7 vidyApati kI bhASA meM taralatA, saralatA bhAra mAdhurya pUrNa rUpa se lakSita hotA hai| budhajana kI bhASA meM bhI taralatA, saralatA aura mAdhurya pUrNa rUpa se lakSita hotA hai| 5 sUradAsa aura budhajana hindI bhASA meM kucha racanAeM saMgIta pradhAna haiM / kabIra, mIrA, sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa prAdi pramukha bhakta kaviyoM ne bhakti-paraka aneka pada likhe haiM / inheM ve svarga vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM gA-gAkara sunAyA karate the / inake padoM kA hindI sAhitya meM atyadhika pracAra huA / isa prakAra ke pada jaina kaviyoM ne bhI paryApta mAtrA meM race haiN| zAstrapravacana ke bAda ina padoM ko jaina maMdiroM meM pratidina gAne kI prathA hai| jaina kavi dhAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa, daulatarAma, mahAcaMda, bhAgacanda, budhajana prAdi kaviyoM ke pada

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158 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva aneka jaina vyaktiyoM ko Aja bhI kaMThastha haiM / kavi budhajana ke pada rAjasthAna meM sarvAdhika lokapriya rahe / pada ratagitA vAle jaina dharmAnuyAyI hogA itara dharmAnuyAyI, donoM kI pada-racanA meM maulika antara nahIM hai / jo thor3A bahuta antara dikhAI detA hai, vaha bAhya jagat ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai| hindI sAhitya meM gIta aura pada racayitAoM meM nirguNasaMta kabIra, ravidAsa, dAdU, malUkadAsa yAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| isI prakAra saguNa saMpradhAma meM sUra, tulasI, mIrA prAdi bhakta kaviyoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / ina saMta aura bhaktoM ne aneka gIta aura pada racakara hindI sAhitya ko paripuSTa kiyaa| nie saMtoM ke tAtvika siddhAnta tathA jainoM ke zuddhAtma bAda meM paryApta sAmya hai / ne avatAra-vAda kA khaMDana nahIM ho sakatA hai / santa kabIra ne kahA hai-- sabake hRdaya meM paramAtmA kA nivAsa hai / use bAhara na DhUMDhakara bhItara hI DhUMDhanA caahiye| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| donoM meM ekatva bhAva hai / pratyeka jIva paramAtmA hai | nirguNa saMtoM kiyA / bhautika zarIra ko dRSTi se koI bhI vyakti Izvara AtmA kI dRSTi se sabhI zrAtmAeM brahma haiM / zrataeva saMtoM ke mata meM janma maraNa se rahita parabrahma hI paramAtmA hai| usa para brahma kA nAma smaraNa, prema aura bhakti karane se kalyANa hotA hai / prAyaH sabhI santa kaviyoM ne isI zrAdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se pada rakhanA kI / inake padoM kI jaina padoM ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / saguNa bhakti dhArA ke kaviyoM ke padoM ke sAtha bhI jaina kaviyoM ke padoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / prastuta lekha meM saguNa bhakti dhArA ke prasiddha kavi sUradAsa ke padoM ke sAtha budhajana ke padoM kI tulanA kI jA rahI hai / upAsanA ke liye upAsya ke viziSTa vyaktitva kI prAvazyakatA samajha saguNa bhakti kA prAvirbhAva huA / saguNa upAsakoM meM kRSNa bhakti zAkhA dhaura rAma bhakti zAkhA meM zreSTha kalAkAra hue, jinhoMne pada aura gItoM kI racanAkara hindI ke sAhitya bhaMDAra kI vRddhi kii| mahAkavi sUradAsa ne pada-sAhitya meM navIna udabhAvanAeM - komala kalpanAeM paura vidagdhatA pUrNa vyaMjanAeM kii| vastRtaH sUra bhAva jagat ke samrAT mAne gaye hai / hRdaya kI jitanI yAha sUradAsa ne lI, utanI zAyada hI anya kavi ne lI ho| sUradAsa ke padoM meM paryApta maulikatA hai| sUradAsa kI kRtiyoM meM bhAva pakSa aura kalA pakSa donoM hI pakSa paripuSTa hue haiM / jisa prakAra sUradAsa ne gaurI, sAraMga, AsAvarI, soraTha, bhairavI, ghanAbhI, dhruva, vilAvala malAra, jaitizrI, virAga, bhorI, sohanI, kAnUrA, kedArA, mana Adi-rAga-rAginiyoM meM padoM kI racanA kI hai, usI prakAra budhajana ne bhI prabhAtI, vitrAyala, kanar3I, rAmavalI zralahiyA, AsAvarI, jagiyA, jhAMjha, Tor3I, sAraMga, pUrI gaur3I, kAphI kanar3I, Imana, bhorI, saMbhAva, hiMga, gAro, kAnho, vilA

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 156 pala, varavA, siMghar3A, dhrupada Adi aneka rAga-rAginiyoM meM padoM kI racanA kii| saMgIta kA mAdhurya sUra ke padoM ke samAna hI prAlocya phadi meM bhI lakSita hotA hai / antarjagat ke citraNa kI dRSTi se sUra ke aneka pada jana padoM ke samAna bhAvapUrNa haiM / vAtsalya, bhUmAra nora zAnta ina tInoM rasoM kA jaisA paripAka sUra ke padoM meM hai, vaisA hI kavivara yaSajana ke padoM meM bhI vidyamAna hai / vinama ke padoM ke prArambha meM apane prArAdhya kRSNa kI stuti karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : prabhu more avaguna cita na gharI samadarasI hai nAma tihAro, cAho to pAra karo prabako vera nAtha mohi tAro nahi pana jAta Taro // yahA~ tulanA ke liye kavivara budhajana kA eka pada uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| dRSTavya hai ki donoM ke padoM meM kitanI samAnatA hai| tama caranana kI sarama prAya suukhpaayo| pravalo cira bhava dhana meM Dholyo janama janama duHkha pAyo / / 1 // aisI sukha surapati ke nAhIM so sukha jAta na gAyo / aba saba saMpati mo jara mAI prAja paramaM pada lAyo / / 2 / / mana baca tana meM er3ha kari rAkho, kabahuM na jyA visraayo| vAraMvAra bInave 'budhajana, kIje mana ko bhAyo / / 3 / / sUradAsa ne viSayoM kI ora jAte hue mana ko rokA hai aura use nAnA prakAra se phaTakArate hae mAtmA kI ora unmukha kiyA hai / nAnA prakAra kI AkAMkSAe hI isa mana ko AkRSTa kara viSayoM meM saMlagna kara detI haiM jisase bholA mora asahAya mAnava viSamecchAtroM kI agni meM jalatA rahatA hai / sUradAsa mAnava ke majJAna bhrama ko dUra karate hue kahate haiM : re mana mUrakha janma gmaayo| kara abhimAna viSaya saMga rAcamo, syAma sarana nahiM praayo| yaha saMsAra phUla semara ko sundara dekhi bhulAyo / varanana lAgyo ruI gaI uhi, hAtha kachu nahiM prAyo / kahA bhayo prabake mana sone, pahale nohi kamAyo / kahata sUra bhagavanta bhajana vinu, sira ghuni dhuni pachatAyo / sathA jAdina mana paMchI ur3i jai hai|

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160 tathA-- jaise ki evaM tathA kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva tAdina sere tana taruvara ke, sarvapAta bhari je haiM // 1 // ghara ke kaheM vegi hI kAr3ho, bhUtabhaye koI se hai gara jA prItama sau prIti ghanerI, soU dekhi Dare hai ||3|| re mana janma akAratha jAta // bichure milana bahuri kaba hai, jyoM taruvara ke pAta // 17 rasanA dUrI bAta ||2 // tripAta kapha kaMTha virodhI P prAna liye jamajAta mUDhamati dekhata jananI tAta // 3 // uparokta sUra ke padoM ke sAtha 'buSajana' ke katipaya pada tulanA yogya hai / P remana mUrakha bAvare, mati dIla na lAye // jaya re zrI arahaMta kauM, yo mausara jAye || nara bhavapAnA kaThina hai, yo surapari cAhe || ko jAne mati kAla kI, yo acAnaka Aye // chUTa gaye zrama chUTate, jo jhuTA cAve // saba chUTe yA jAla teM, yo Agama gAvai // bhoga roga ko karata hai, inakoM mata sArva // mamatA taji samatA ho, 'budhajana' sukha pArda // kyoM re mana tirapata nahi hoya // anAdi kAla kA viSayana rAcyA, apanA sarabasa khoya / / neSu cAkhi ke phira na bAhuDe, adhikA lapaTe joya / / jyoM jyoM bhoga mile tyoM tRSNA, adhiko adhiko hoya || mana re tene janma akAratha khoyo || tU Dolata nita jagata baMdha meM le viSayana rasa lUTyo / isa prakAra kavivara budhajana ne kavivara sUradAsa ke samAna zrAzA tRSNA kI khUba niMdA kI hai| vastuta bhASA itanI pracaMDa agni hai ki isameM jIvana kA sarvasva svAhA ho jAtA hai | AzA nAma kI sAMkala se baMdhA huA jIva niraMtara bhAgatA phiratA hai aura isa zrRMkhalA se chUTA huA jIva zAnta hokara baiTha jAtA hai| isa Azcarya ko "budhajana" ne apane padoM meM vyakta kiyA hai unhoMne mana ko vividha Error kA bhI surakSA kI bhAMti sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 161 "samadhe hindI sAhitya meM suradAsa kA bAla varNana prasiddha hai / unhoMne bAlaka kRSNa kI aneka manodazAtroM kA citraNa kiyA hai / saca yaha hai ki ve isa kSetra meM -=ole nahIM the / madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kaviyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha aura janma se sambandhita aneka manorama citroM kA makana kiyA hai / ina avasaroM para hone vAle vividha utsavoM kI chaTA ko mUradAsa DU bhI na sake haiM / yaha jana kaviyoM kI apanI zailI thI, jo unheM pUrva paramparA se hI upalabdha huI thii| "mAdIvaraphAgu" meM mAdIzvara prabhu kA janmotsava sambandhI eka STAnta dekhiye :-- "he. ratana pArita gati moTAu moTAu lIghau kuMbha / kSIra samudra zaMkU pUrIya pUrIya prANIya prabha / / mAhe drumi mi taba lIya bajjai prami prami machalanAda / TaNaNa TaNaNa TaMkAraba, jhiNi jhiriNa jhallara sAda 1 / " "bhAdIzvaraphAgu' kA eka aura sundara eSTAnta prastuta hai| isameM kavi ne bAlaka ke nirantara bar3hane kA varNana kiyA hai / "mAdIzvara dina-dina isa bhAMti bar3ha rahe haiM, jaise ditIyA kA candra pratidina vikasita hotA jAtA hai| usameM zanaiH zana: Rddhi, buddhi aura pavitratA prasphuTita hotI jA rahI hai, jaise samAdhilatA para kunda ke phUla khila rahe hoN|" __ 'sUra sa hindI bhakti yuga ke sazakta kavi haiN| unhoMne bhAva-vibhora hokara saguNa brahma ke gIta gAye / ' 'sUrasAgara' isakA pratIka hai| usameM sUra ke nimita sahanoM padoM kA saMkalana hai / ye pada geya haiN| rAga rAginiyoM se samanvita haiN| unakA bAhya sundara hai, to antaH sahaja aura pAvana 1 saba kucha bhaktimaya hai|" isI yuga meM jaina kaviyoM ne bhakti rasa pUrNa bhadhikAdhika padakAvya kA nirmANa kiyA / vaha saba bhaktayAtmaka hai| usameM bhI prasAda aura lAlitya hai / vividha rAgarAginiyoM kA nartana vahAM bhI hai / donoM meM bahuta kucha sAmya hai / kahIM-kahIM to tat %3D' - -- - 1 DA. premasAgara jainaH hindI jana bhakti kAvya mora kavi, pR0 saMkhyA 75 bhAratIya mAnapITha prakAzana / 2. maTTAraka zAnabhUSaNaH mAvIzvaraphAgu pada 0 262, pAmera zAstra bhaMgara kI hastalikhita prati / mAhaM vina dina bAlaka mApA, vIjataraNa, jina canda / Rddhi vibuddhi vizudi samAdhilatA kula 2 // 2 // bhaTTAraka zAmabhUSaNaH mAvIzvaraphAguH, mAmera zAstra bhaMDAra kI hastalikhita prati / 4, anekAnsa mAsika patrikA, varSa 1666, makara, pRSTha 35

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162 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hai / banArasIdAsa, cAnata rAya, bhagharadAsa, bamaz2ana, tA bhagamatIdAra.mAtaraH proTa brahma mAdi samartha jaina kavi the, jinhoMne sUra, tulasI, mIrA prAdi ke samAna AdhyAsmika evaM bhakti pUrNa padoM kI racanA kii| ina kaviyoM kI racanAeM kalA aura bhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se sUra kI racanAoM ke samakSa rakhI jA sakatI haiM / jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti rasa pUrNa racanAyoM ke avalokana se eka vizeSa bAta bhI dRSTavya hai jo sUra kI racanAoM meM nahIM miltii| ___ sUra ne bAlaka kRSNa kA jitanA manovaijJAnika varNana kiyA hai, utanA rAdhA kA nahIM / parantu jana kaviyoM ko racanAmoM meM hama bAlivAnoM kA bhI manovaijJAnika citraNa pAte haiM / sItA, ajanA praura rAjula ke manobhAtroM kA bar3A hI manorama varNana jana kaviyoM ne kiyA hai jo advitIya hai| jana bhakta kaviyoM kI eka aura advitIya vizeSatA hai| unhoMne laukika zrRMgAra ko kabhI bhI mahatva nahIM diyaa| unhoMne subhati ko hI rASA kahA aura paramAtmA ke viraha meM unakI baicetI hindI kAvya kI naI dena hai| sUra kI bhakti kevala brahma ke saguNa rUpa kI bhakti hai| nirguNa brahma para unhoMne kucha bhI nahIM likhA, jabaki jana vaviyoM ne brahma ke mA-nigaNa dogeM rUpoM para likhA hai / jana paramparA ke anusAra arahaMta pravasthA ko saguNa aura siddha avasthA ko nirguNa mAnA gayA hai aura yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki saguNa-nirguNa ho sakatA hai / jo cAra ghAliyA karmoM ke kinAzaka haiM ve parahaMta kahalAte haiM, jaba be hI prarahaMta, yoga nirodha pUrvaka zeSa bace cAra praghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara dete haiM, taba kehI siddha yA nirguNa bana jAte haiN| kavivara "budhajana" ne sUradAsa kI bhAMti bhagavAna se yAcanAe' kI haiM, para ve yAcanAe' sAMsArika sukha prApti ke liye nahIM haiM / ye to yahI yAcanA karate haiM ki he bhagan ! mujhe bhava-bhava meM prApake caraNoM kI zaraNa prApta hotI rhe| isake sivAya kavi na svarga cAhatA hai na rAjA bananA cAhatA hai na vaha bahuta bar3e kuTumba kI hI yAcanA karatA hai|" bhakta kavi hone ke kAraNa donoM hI kaviyoM ke padoM meM pralaMkAroM kI khIMcatAna nahIM hai| unakI gati sahana hai / eka padma aura prastuta hai, jise dekhane se "prajana" ke padoM ko "sUradAsa' ke padoM se bhAva-bhASA, evaM viSaya vastu kI dRSTi se samAnatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai| 1. yAcaM nahIM suravAsa puni nararAja parijana sAtha jii| sudha yAcahUM suva bhakti bhava-bhava daujiye zivanAtha jI / / budhajanaH devadarzana stuli, jJAnapITha pUjAmali, pR0 saM0 534, 535 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana mere avaguna jina gino, maiM auguna ko dhAma / patita uddhAraka prApa ho, ko patita ko kAma || (budhajana) pramu mere avaguna cita na gino|| samadazI hai nAma tihAro, cAho to pAra karo / / (sUradAsa) ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki bivara budhajana sUradAsa kI hI bhAMti sahRdaya tha, bhaka the aura unake pada geya the| unhoMne bhI bhAva-vibhora hokara saguNa niguga ke gIta gAye haiM / yadyapi sUradAsa va budhajana dono hI kaviyoM ne dAsya-bhAva kI bhakti kI hai tathApi donoM ke dAsya bhAva meM antara hai / sUradAsa ke prArAdhya deva grAnI kRpA se bhakta ko apane samAna banAne vAle haiN| ve jaba cAheMge tabhI bhakta vA uddhAra ho skegaa| dUsare zabdoM meM mUra ke prabhu hI kartA haiM / ve hI bhakta ko pAra-gAne vAle haiM, parantu kavivara budhajana ke prabhu kartA-dhartA nahIM haiM / unhoMne bhagavAna kI bhakti karane ko preraNA to kevala isaliye dI hai ki bItarAga ke guNoM kI svIkRti ke sAtha vItarAga banane kA lakSya prabhAsta ho / kyoMki bhakta svayaM so'haM kI anubhUti karanA cAhatA hai| ataeva vyavahAra se bhakti ke mAdhyama se vaha sAdhya kI prApti kA lakSya nirdhArita karatA hai / isa lakSya nirdhAraNa meM apane avaguNa-doSoM kA cilana karanA aura vItarAgatA svarUpa trIlagaga pramu kA mahAtmya prakaTa karanA svAbhAvika hai / ataera laukika vyavahAra se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki he prabho ! pApa patitoM ke uddhAraka haiN| zrApa hI saMsAra rUpI samudra se merI jIvana-naukA ko pAra lagAne vAle haiM / yathArtha meM prANI hI apane pu:SArtha se apane hI bhItara virAjamAna paramAtma zakti ko vyakta kara paramAtmA banatA hai, kintu bhakti ke prAveza meM apane prArASya ke mahatva ko bar3hAcar3hA kara kahatA huaA, use hI sarvazreSTha batAtA dvamA upacAra se isa prakAra kA varNana karatA hai| 6. saMta kAzya paramparA meM budhajana __"saMta zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM aneka vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| kucha loga "saMta" kA artha karate haiM-buddhimAna, pavitrAramA, sajjana, paropakArI, sadAcArI vyakti / kucha loga saMta zabda ko zAnta kA rUpAntara mAnate haiM aura unakI nirukti nimna prakAra karate haiM : ___"zaM-sukhaM, brahmAnandAtmakaM vidyate yasya" arthAt jise brahmAnandra kI prApti ho gaI hai vaha saMta hai| yaha zabda mUlataH san zabda kA bahuvacana hai| jan pAda pras (muvi) as (honA) ghAtu se bane hue "sat" kA pulliga rUpa hai jo zata pratyaya lagAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai ataH isakA artha huA hone vAlA yA rahane vAlA /

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164 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhASa yaha hai saMta zabda prapane maulika artha meM zuddha astitva mAtra kA bodhaka hai| zAstroM meM isakA artha usa parama-tatva ke liye prayukta humA hai jisakA kabhI bhI nAza nahIM hotA / jo sadA eka rasa tathA adhikArI hai / usI ko satya ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huyA hai| vahIM isa zabda kA prayoga brahma mAnI paramAramA ke artha meM huaA hai| kucha mahAtmAnoM ne saMta evaM paramAtmA ko eka hI artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| uparokta vyAkhyA ke mAghAra para anya saMtoM kI bhAMti meM "kavivara budhajana" ko prAdhyAtmika paramparA kA saMta mAnatA hUM poMki ye mukhyataH adhyAtma rasa ke rasika the / prAramA kI gharamonnati ke udghoSaka 5 hindI sAhitya meM nipuNa dhArA evaM saguNa dhArA ke saMtoM ne jisa prakAra brahma ke nirguNa-saguNa rUpa kI bhakti kI hai usI prakAra "budhajana" ne niguNA (siva) saguNa (prahanta) ina donoM rUpoM kI bhakti kI hai / unakA bhagavat prema sarasatA kA saMcAra karatA hai| isa viSaya meM DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI likhate haiM : jana saMtoM kA bhagavat prema zuSka siddhAnta nahIM "apitu sthAyI pravRtti hai / yaha prAtmA kI azubha pravRtti kA nirodha kara zubha pravRtti kA udaya karatA hai, jisase dayA, kSamA, zAnti prAvi zreyaskara pariNAma utpanna hote haiN| jana saMtoM kA vayaMviSaya bhakti aura prArthanA ke atirikta mana, zarIra, indriya prAdi kI pravRttiyoM kA atyanta sUkSmatA aura mArmikatA ke sAtha bibecana karanA evaM prAdhyAtmika bhUmiyoM ko sparza karate hue sahaja samAdhi ko prApta karanA hai|" vyakti se samAja banatA hai aura samAja kI bhUmikA para vyakti kA vikAsa hotA hai 1 hajAroM varSoM se saMta aura zAnI tathA vicAraka vicAra karate pAye haiM ki samAja kI vyavasthA ThIka rahane, logoM meM yogya guNoM kA vikAsa hone aura sukha parvaka jIvana bitAne ke liye kina-kina niyamoM yA guNoM kI prAvazyakatA hai| saMta aura jJAnI prAyaH sArvakAlika aura sArvajanika hotA hai / vaha jo kucha socatA hai sabake liye socatA hai aura hama unake upadezoM ko sunakara hita ke mArga para calate haiM / mataH santa hamAre mahAna upakArI haiN| kavivara "budhajana" ne apane sAhitya meM pratipAdita kiyA-sukha prApti kI pahalI zarta yaha hai ki prAdamI apane liye kama se kama lekara dUsaroM ko adhika se adhika sevA de| aisA bhAdamI jahAM jAtA hai, prAdara pAtA hai aura sukha kI vRddhi hotI hai| usase kisI ko kaSTa nahIM hotA / kUdamba meM rahakara vaha apane se bar3oM kI sevA karatA hai / choToM para prema aura vAtsalya rakhatA hai| samAja meM bhI vaha 1. jo0 nemicanna pAstrI : hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 1, pR. 20 106-107. bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana prathama saMskaraNa 1956 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 165 zrapramatta bhAva se apane karttavya kA pAlana karatA hai / kuTumba aura samAja ke liye kI gaI usakI sevA deza ke liye pUraka hI hotI hai kyoMki aisA AdamI apanI maryAdA ko jAnatA hai aura kisa kSetra meM kitanI sevA karanI cAhiye yaha viveka use hotA hai / usakA dhyeya saba kI bhalAI hone se kisI eka kI bhalAI ke liye vaha dUsaroM ko kaSTa nahIM detA / eka kI sevA ke liye dUsaroM kI kusevA nahIM karatA ityAdi / kavi budhajana ke anusAra saMta meM nimna guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai(1) ahiMsA ( 2 ) satya (3) saMyama ( 4 ) samanvayadRSTi ( 5 ) viveka (6) puruSArtha aura anAsaktabhAva / kavi ne apanA sAdhanA maya jIvana isI vicAradhArA ko mUrta rUpa dene meM lagAyA / paramArthaM citana aura loka kalyANa meM jo apanA samUcA jIvana far vahI santa hai / ve sabakA samAna rUpa se udaya cAhate the / zAstroM kI purAnI lakIra pITane meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM thA ve zAstroM ke AdhAra para apane jIvana meM prayoga karate rahe / zAstroM meM se unhoMne aise tatvoM ko cunA jo vyakti aura samAja ke liye lAbhadAyaka the / sAdhAraNatayA aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki jo ghara chor3a deM vaha santa hai, parantu saMta ko banavAsI yA honA hI hine nahIM hai| rahasthI meM rahakara bhI vaha anAsakta bhAva se raha sakatA hai| apanI buddhi se nipata karma meM phala kI AkAMkSA na rakhate hue lage rahane vAlA vyakti hI saMta hai phira cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA vnvaasii| gRhastha ke manAsakta bhAva kA varNana kavivara banArasIdAsa ne isa prakAra kiyA hai / "kamala rAtadina paMka meM hI rahatA hai aura paMkaja kahalAtA hai parantu vaha paMka se sadA hI alaga rahatA hai| maMtravAdI sarpa ko apanA zarIra pakar3AtA hai parantu maMtra kI zakti se viSa ke rahate hue bhI sarpa kA DaMka nirviSa rahatA hai / jIbha cikanAI ko grahaNa karatI hai, parantu vaha sadA hI rUkhI rahatI hai| pAnI meM par3A humA sonA kAI se alaga rahatA hai| isI prakAra jJAnI jana ( saMtajana ) saMsAra meM aneka kriyAoM ko karate hue bhI apane ko sabhI kriyAoM se bhinna mAnatA hai / una kriyAoM meM manna nahIM hotaa| isaliye sadaiva hI niSkalaMka rahatA hai / " jaise nizivAsara kamala rahe paMka hI meM, paMkaja kahA ve paina vA jaise maMtravAdI, viSadhara so mahAvegAta, maMtra kI makti aMka hai| DhiMga paMka hai / vAke binA viSa jaise jIbha gahe cikanAI rahe kale aMga, pAnI meM kanaka se kArDa se maTaka hai / se jJAnavAna nAnA bhAMti karatUta ThAne, kiriyA se bhinna mAne yAteM miSkalaMka hai / : kazvira banArasIdAsa prAcIna hindI jana kavi, pR0 60 bhArata varSIya jaina sAhitya sammelana, damoha |

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166 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva "saMsAra kI jar3a moha hai| isameM prabhAva meM prasAyAma saMpAra nalA jAtA hai| aAtmA kI vikAra paraNati kA nAma hI to saMmAra hai / yadyapi usa vikAra paraeti ke upAdAna kAraNa hama hI to haiM / jheya padArtha vikArI nahIM / vaha to vibhinna mAtra hai / prAtmA kA zAna jo hai vaha jJeya ke nimitta se koI vikAra ko nahIM prApta hotA hai|" ___ saMta tulasI ne saMtasaMga ko rAma bhakti kA anivArya aga mAnA hai aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki saMtoM kA saMga harikRpA se hI milatA hai unhoMne saMsa (sAdhu) saMgati kA hI dusarA pakSa prasaMta (asAdhu) se asahayoga karanA batAyA hai| isIliye saMta tulasIdAsa apane eka prasiddha pada meM kahate haiM ki aise vyakti se sarvathA asahyoga hI karanA hogA jise sItArAma jaise saMta priya nahIM hai| tulasI ravayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki mujhe rAma kathA saMta saMsarga se hI prApta huI hai / isase spaSTa hai ki rAma bhakti kA sabase aAvazyaka praga saMjasaMga hI hai| "rAmacarita mAnasa kA prAraMbha karate hue gosvAmI jI ne maMgalAcaraNa aura gurU baMdanA ke anaMtara sabase prathama saMta vaMdanA kI hai / saMta aura bhakta kA sabase bar3A lakSaNa hai paropakAra | de mitra hoM yA zatru / sabhI kA niSprayojana niraMtara kalyANa karane meM nirata rahate haiN|" saMta tulamI kI bhAMti jaina kavi daulatarama kahate haiM : "ari mina mahala masAna kaMcana, kAMca niMdana thutikarana / pravitArana yasiprahArana meM sadA samatA gharana / / " "zatru' aura mitra, mahala aura masAna, kaMcana aura kAMca, niMdA aura stuti pUjA aura prasipahAra ina sabhI pravasthAnoM meM saMta jana savA samatA bhAva dhAraNa karate saMtakabIra ke rahasyavAda sambandhI aneka pada jana kaviyoM ke padoM se sAmya rakhate haiM / kabIra ne mAyA ko mahATaganI kahA hai / jaina kavi bhUbaradAsa bhI "suniThaginImAyA leM saba jaga ThagavAyAM " dvArA mAyA ko ThaginI kaha rahe haiM / anmAnma saMta kaviyoM kI bhAti budhajana ne bhI aneka sarasa padoM kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne citta bI zakhi va samyagjJAna no tapa aura dAna se adhika mahatva diyA hai| ve dUsaroM kI zuddhi karane meM vizvAsa nahIM karate svayaM zuddha hone meM vizvAsa karate haiN| 1. gaNezavarI: anekAnta varSa 11, kiraNa 6, pR0 saM0 241 / 2. Ake priya na rAma beho, so chor3iye koTi bairIsama, jabapi prmsnehii| 3. DaoN. mAtA prasAda guptaH tulasI, pR0 saM0 120-121, san 1952, hindI pariSad, prayAga vizvavidyAlaya / baulatarAma : chahahAlA, aThoTAla, pa, saM0 6, sarala jaina praSa bhaMDAra, jblpur|

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana santa-jana prAdhyAtmikatA ke sUrya haiM / jinase jJAna kI kiraNeM samasta jagata ke Upara par3atI haiM / jinhoMne praznaddhA kA zrAsapatra nahIM dhAraNa kiyA hai| ve unase saMjIvanI zakti khIMca sakate haiN| "sAmAnya logoM ko cAhiye ki ve satsaMga kiye Aya / rassI kI ragar3a se patthara bhI ghisa jAtA hai ataH bahu kAlIna saMgati kA asara hamAre Upara avazya pAtA hai 1 satsaMga ke sambandha meM do bAteM dhyAna dene yogya hai (1) mana lagAkara kiyA jAya (2) bahuta kAla taka kiyA jAya / yadi mana lagAkara bahuta kAla taka satsaMga kiyA jAya to usakA asara honA aura hameM lAbha pahuMcanA avazyaMbhAvI hai|" rAmacarita mAnasa meM tulasIdAsa jI ne isa bAta kI samIkSA kI hai ki kavi loga saMta ke hRdaya ko navanIta ka samAna batAte haiM parantu sAta hRdaya ke liye navanIsa kI upamA yogya nahIM hai kyoMki mazvana to svataH ke tApa se pighalatA hai abaki saMta kA hRdaya para pIr3A ke kAraNa hI dravita ho jAtA hai| "saMtoM aura samabhaktoM meM jo lakSaNa gosvAmI jI ne batAye haiM unase rAma bhakti kA svarUpa pratyAta spaSTa ho jAtA hai / unakI rAma bhakti koI loka bAhya sAdhana nahIM hai / yaha paropakAra, lokakalyAe aura sacarAcara vizva sevA ke rUpa meM prasphuTita hotI hai / rAmacarita mAnasa kI bhUmikA meM jo sabase balazAlI vaMdanA hai vaha rAma nAma kI hai| kabIradAsa Adi niguniye saMtoM kI bhAMti 'budhajana' ne guru kI mahattA samAna rUpa se svIkAra kI hai| unhoMne guru ke prasAda ko pAne kI prAkAMkSA kI hai| kabIra dAsa ne guru ko Izvara se bar3A batAyA jabaki budhajana ne Izvara ko hI sabase bar3A guru mAmA hai / budhajana ne paMca parameSTrI ko parama guru mAnA hai| maI ta parameSThI se prArthanA karate hue kahate haiM : ___ "he pramu ! zreSTha padArtha samajhakara maiM Apake caraNoM kI pUjA karatA huuN| bhakti pUrvaka pUjA karane vAlA sevaka bhI aApake samAna bana jAtA hai arthAt vaha bho paramAtmA bana jAtA hai|" "sat saMgati meM rahane se jIghana saphala ho jAtA hai parantu jo kharAba mArga se gujaratA hai usake jIvana meM kalaMka (doSa) avazya lagatA hai / " yaha kahakara "budhajana" 1. DA0 marendra bhAmAvata:, jinavANI patrikA, varSe 33, praka 4-7 2. DaoN. mAtAprasAda guptaH tulasI, pR0 saM0 120.122, san 1952, hindI pariSada prayAga vizvavidyAlaya / pUjU tere pAyaM phU, parama padAratha jAna / tuma pUjete hota hai seyaka prApa samAna // budhajanaH budhajana satasaI; paca saM0 8 pR0 saM0 2, sanAdhava / / sasasaMgati meM baiThatA, janamata saphala ha jaay| budhajanaH satasaI: pR06. pR0 saM0 445 / 3.

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168 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva satasaMga kI mahimA batA rahe haiN| unakA lakSya hai ki saMsAra meM manuSyoM ko jo zrAvara prApta hotA hai vaha sat saMgati ke kAraNa hI prApta hotA hai / zilpI ke kara sparza se bajatA huA muraja kyA kucha apekSA karatA hai ? arthAt nahIM / usI prakAra tIrthaMkara prANimAtra ke hita kA upadeza dete haiM / tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani kA khiratA loka maMgala hetu hai / usI paramparA ko jaMnAcAryo evam jana kaviyoM ne nibhAyA | budhajana ne bhI usI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| pUrva parampa nusAra apane granthoM ke prArambha meM arahantoM aura siddhoM kI bhakti kI hai| prAja bhI vahI paraMparA pracalita hai / Aja bhI jaina pATha zAlAoM meM 'ka' namaH siddhebhyaH' kA pATha prArambha se par3hAyA jAtA hai / saMgati hI hai kyoMki sat kA artha hotA hai paramAtmA isaliye satsaMga huA brahma sAkSAtkAra / sat kA dUsarA artha hai sajjana, isaliye satsaMga kA huA sajjanoM kA saMga uhotA hai| isaliye satsaMga kA artha huA granthAvalokana, tIrtha sevA mAdi sadviSayoM kI bhora pravRtti / "muSajana" kA vicAra hai ki sajjanoM kA prabhAva hamAre hRdaya meM avazya hI vRddhi karatA hai| isake liye do bAtoM kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai / eka to (vaMzagya ke pradhAna AdhAra) dUsare puNya puMja kI (dharmAcaraNa kI / / yaha sat kA artha 1 zraddhA kI viveka kI tulasIdAsa jI bhI kahate haiM ki puNyapuMja ke binA to saMtoM kA milanA hI saMbhava nahIM aura viveka ke binA unakI parakha honA kaThina hai / isa prakAra vibhinna vidvAnoM, saMtoM evaM dArzanikoM ne sat rUpI paramatatva ke anubhava karane vAle ( samyagdRSTi) jIvoM ko saMta mAnA hai aura isI kAraNa gRhastha hote hue bhI maiM kavivara budhajana ko saMtoM kI zreNI meM ginatA hU~ / apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi meM maiM prAcAryaM parazurAma caturvedI kA kathana prastuta karatA hU~ : 1. "ataeva " saMta zabda isa vicAra se usa vyakti kI ora saMketa karatA hai| jisane sat rUpI paramatatva kA anubhava kara liyA ho aura jo isa prakAra apane vyaktitva se Upara uThakara usake sAtha tadrUpa ho gayA ho / jo satya svarUpa nitya siddha vastu kA sAkSAtkAra kara cukA hai athavA aparokSa kI upalabdhi ke phalasvarUpa prakhaMDa satya meM pratiSThita ho gayA hai, vahI saMta 1 | " 7 budhajana kA bhaktiyoga "AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke anusAra hindI kA bhaktikAla vi0 saM0 1400 prAcArya parazurAma caturvedI : uttarI bhArata kI hAta paraMparA, pR0 saMkhyA 5 dvitIya saMskaraNa, saMvat 2021, bhAratI bhaMDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda

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F tulanAtmaka adhyayana 166 se 1700 taka mAnA gayA hai / " parantu yadi hama jaMna hindI sAhitya kA bhalI bhAMti avalokana kareM to hama pAyeMge ki hindI ko jaina bhaktiparaka pravRttiyAM vi0 saM0 660 se 1200 taka calatI rahI / ho! itanA avazya hai ki isakA vikAsa 14 zatAbdI to jaina bhakti ke pUrNa yauvana kA kAla thA / 15 vIM zatAbdI se 19 vIM zatAbdI taka ke 400 varSoM ke kAla meM jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne bhakti sambandhI racanAeM kI jo paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN|" mAcArya zukla ne ina jaina bhakti kI racanAoM kA avalokana karane kI kRpA nahIM kI hogI isIliye unhoMne 1400 se 1700 taka ke kAla ko bhakti kAla svIkAra kiyA / isa kAla meM bhakti kI dhArA atyadhika puSTa huii| jaina kaviyoM ne bhakti viSayaka racanAeM kara hindI sAhitya kI dhArA ko samRddha banAyA hai| jaina kaviyoM anaMta evaM siddha dazA meM sthita mAtmAoM ko apanA ArAdhya mAnA hai| arahaMta dazA ko hama saguNa evaM mukta yA siddha dazA ko nirguNa kaha sakate haiN| ataH jaina sAhitya meM saguNa va nirguNa ina donoM hI ko bhakti kI gaI hai| inhIM ko jaina kaviyoM ne apanA zrArAdhya mAnA hai / inakI zrArAdhanA karane se hamArI parini zuddha hotI hai / zrataH inhIM ko AlaMbana mAnakara jaina kaviyoM ne bhaktiparaka bhaneka racanAeM kI kyoMki unakA vizvAsa thA ki inhIM ke guNoM se preraNA pAkara yaha jIva mithyAtva bhAva ko dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai / AtmA kI zuddha dadhAra kA nAma hI paramAtmA hai / pratyeka jIvAtmA karmabandhana se bilaga hone para paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / bhataH apane utthAna aura patana kA dAyitva svayaM apanA hai apane vicAroM evaM kAryoM se jIva baMdhatA hai aura apane hI vicAroM evaM kAryoM se bandhanamukta hotA hai / Izvara kI upAsanA karane se sAdhaka kI pariNati svataH zuddha ho jAtI hai / jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne apanI bhakti-paraka racanAoM meM apane prArAdhya ko vItarAga mAnA hai| unhoMne apane ArAdhya se sAMsArika padArtho kI yAcanA kabhI nahIM kI / unakI spaSTa mAnyatA rahI hai ki nirvikAra hone se Izvara kisI ko kucha detA-letA nahIM hai| apane kiye karmoM kA phala pratyeka jIva ko svayaM bhoganA par3atA hai kyoMki karmoM kA karttA yA bhoktA jIva svayaM hai / isa prakAra kI bhakti bhAvanA se racanA kI hai| avatAravAda jaina prerita hokara hI jaina kaviyoM ne bhAvAtmaka padoM kI bhakta kaviyoM ko svIkAra nahIM / 1. 2. rAmacandra zukla : hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, saMvat 2003 vi0 premasAgara jaina hindI jaina bhaktikAla aura kavi bhUmi kA pU0 13 bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana |

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170 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kavivara budhajana ne apane prArAdhya ko anaMta guNoM hA bhaMDAra mAmA hai| jisase koI bhI sAdhaka apanI gupta prAtmika zaktiyoM ko pragaTa karane kI preraNA prApta karatA hai / vastutaH pArAdhya ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karanA hI makti hai / bhakti karane se citta nirmala hotA hai / citta kI nirmalatA se puNya kA bagha hotA hai, vahI puNya udaya kAla meM sukha kI sAmagrI juTAtA hai / tathya yaha hai ki jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne jaina darzana ke middhAntoM ke anurUpa niSkAma bhakti kI preraNA dI hai / isa viSaya me AghAyaM kAkA kAlelakara ke nimna udgAra dRSTavya haiM "sacamuca bhakti hI jIvana hai / nadI kA sAgara kI tarapha bahanA, jIva kA ziva kI mora prakhaNDa calane vAlA bhAkarSaNa 'sImA" kA paripuSTa hokara "bhUmA" meM samAjAnA, yahI to bhakti hai aura bhakti to prakhaNDa bar3ane vAlI ramamaya pravRtti hai| bahane vAlI nadiyAM jisa samudra meM jAkara milatI haiM. usa samudra ko na banA hai. na ghaTanA hai, to bhI usameM jvAra bhATA kI lolA calatI hai aura kisI bhI nadI ke pravAha kI apekSA svayaM samudra ke antaHpravAha adhika vegavAna aura samartha hote haiN| bhakti kA kSetra atyanta vizAla hai usame jAti-pAti vA bheda nahIM hotaa| muni vAdirAja kA zarIra kor3ha yukta yA pramu smaraNa se vaha svarNa jaisA camaka utthaa| sopa aura meMDhaka jaise jIvoM ko svarga kI prApti huI / dhanaMjaya kA putra prabhu kI bhaktiH se jIvita ho gayA / makti ke pratApa se saMsAra ke mukha milate haiM para jana bhakta saMsAra ke sukhoM kI kAmanA se kamI mI makti nahIM karatA / vaha to prAdhyaHsmika sukha ko hI apanA lakSya banAtA hai / prabhu gmANa meM mAnatuga ke bandhana TUTa gaye para mAnatuga ne bandhana mukta hone kI kAmanA se prabhu-smaraNa nahIM kiyaa| kavivara "budhajana" kI jinendra makti prasiddha hai| 4 jayapura rAjya kA dIvAna amaracanda ke yahAM pradhAna munIma the / dIyAna ne unheM eka jina madira banavAne kI AjJA dI parantu kavi ne do jina maMdira banavAye / isake pIche unakI bhAvanA yahI thI ki ye maMdira ArAdhanA ke ghara haiM / yahAM prAkara adhika se adhika loga bhakti kreN| Apake bhakti pUrNa pava isa bAta ko dyotita karate haiM ki prApakI bhakti niSkAma thii| ve kabhI-kabhI bhakti rasa kI sarasa dhArA meM nimagna ho isa bAta kA vicAra kiyA karate the ki he budhajana ! tune jinendra ke bhajana prathavA prAtmakSetra ke prArAdhanA binA hI apane mAnava jIvana ko yoM hI gaMvA diyA aura jI kucha rahA hai vaha bhI bItA jA rahA hai| tUne pAnI pAne se pahale pAla na bAMdhI phira pIche pachatAne se kyA 1. kAkA kAlesakara: hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi kA prArakathAna pR0 saM0 3, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana lAbha ? japa-tapa-saMyama kA kabhI tUne bhAcaraNa nahIM kiyaa| na kisI ko dAna hI diyA kintu dhana aura rAmA kI sAra sabhAna karate hue unhIM ke prAzA jAla meM baMdhavAra ta ne isa mAnava jIvana ko harAyA hai| aba ta vRddha ho gayA / zArIra aura sira kAMpane lage / dAna bhI calAcala ho rahe haiM / ve eka eka karake vidA lete jA rahe hai / cala nA phiramA bhI aba ki.mI lAThI ke pravala bana binA nahIM ho sktaa| prAzA rUpI gaDDhA itanA vistRta ho gayA ki aba usakA bharanA asaMbhava sA ho gayA hai / zArIrika aura mAnasika ananta vedanAe tujhe caina nahIM lene detI phira bhI ta prago ko sukhI samajhAne kA mana karatA hai| yahI terI ajJAnatA hai| dUsaroM kI upadeza detA phiratA hai-hita kI bAteM sujhAtA hai, para svayaM prahita ke mArga meM cala rahA hai| isa taraha terA kalyANa kaise ho sakatA hai ? isakA svayaM vicAra kara aura apane hita ke mArga meM laga | isI meM terI bhalAI hai / jinendra hI tAraNa-taraNa haiM / isI se maiMne aba unhIM kI zaraNa grahaNa kI hai / isa taraha mana meM kucha guna gunAte hue kavibara eka dina bola uThe saranagahI maiM terI, jaga jIvani jinarAja jagatapati tArana-tarana, karana pAvana jaga harana karana bhava pherI / / hU~'vRta phirayo bharayo nAnA duHkha, kahUM na minI sumna sevI yAte tajI pAna kI sevA, sevA rAbarI herI // parameM magana bisAryA mAtama, dharo bharama jaga krii| e mati tajU bhajU paramAtama, so budhi kIje merI // eka dUsare dina jinendra zraddhA ko aura bhI nirmala banAne hetu apanI prAtma kahAnI kahate hue tathA moha rUpI phAMsI ko kATakara avicala sukha prApta karane tathA kevala jJAnI banane kI apanI bhAvanA ko vyakta karate hue kavivara kahate haiM merI praraja kahAnI suniye kevljnyaanii| cetana ke saMga jar3a pudgala mila, merI budhi vIrAnI 111 / / bhavadana mAhIM pherata mokU, lakhi caurAsI thAnI / ko tU varanU tuma sama jAno, janma-maraNa dukha khAnI // 2 // bhAga bhaleM teM mile "adhajana" ka, tuma jinavara sukhadAnI / moha phAMsi ko kATa prabhU jI, kIje kevalajJAnI / / 3 / / hU~ to "budhajana" jJAtA iSTA, jJAtA tana jar3a saradhAnI / ve hI avicala sukhI raheMge, hoya muktighara prAnI / / 4 / / yadyapi maiM jJAtA haTA phira bhI moha kI yaha bAsanA anta saMsAra kA

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172 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kAraNa hai / usa ananta saMsAra kA chedana karanA hI prAtma-kartavya hai / isa prakAra kavi mArama-rasa meM vibhora ho zarIra ko pudgala kA jAmA samajhakara suguru kI saMgati mathavA kRpA se apanI niSi pA gaye / 'ghuSajana' jahAM eka aura kavi haiM vahIM dUsarI mora bhakta bhI haiM / bhakti kA pratipAdana yadi budhajana kA sAdhya hai to kAvya sAdhana hai| budhajana kI bhakti paddhati kI nimnalikhita vizeSatAeM haiM:(1) ananya bhAvanA (2) mAtma-nivedana paraka bhakti budhajana kI ananya bhAvanA budhajana meM ananya bhAvanA pUrNa rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| ve apane pArAdhya ke guNoM se pUrNatayA paricita haiM pora imIniye ye una guNoM kA prAzraya lekara apane uddhAra kI bAta karate haiM / ve apane pArAdhya ke udAraka rUpa kA guNagAna karate hue "budhajana satasaI" meM kahate haiM: vAraka bAnara vAdha mahi, prajana bhIla caMDAra / jAvidhi prabhu mukhiyA kiyA, sohI merI bAra // 36 / / tuma to dInAnAtha ho, maiM hU~ dIna manAtha / aba to DhIla na kIjiye, bhalo mila gayo sAtha |42 / / aura nAhi jAcaM prabhU. ye vara dIje mohi / jauloM ziSa pahuMca nahIM, tauloM seU tohi / / 4 / / yahAM 'budhajana" apane duguNoM kA saMketa karake apane uddhAra kI bAta karate haiN| unhoMne vAnara, vyAghra, sapaM, aMjana ghora, bhIla aura cAMDAla jaise pAtakiyoM kA uddhAra kara diyA / itanA hI nahIM kavivara kI zraddhA va sneha apane pArAdhya deva ke prati itanA avicchinna bana jAtA hai ki usake binA de eka aNa bhI nahIM raha sakate / apitu yaha kahanA cAhie ki ve ise eka kSaNa ke liye bhI khor3a nahIM skte| unheM prabhu ke caraNoM kI zaraNa itanI priya hai ki ve jaba taka mukti lAma na ho taba saka caraNoM kI zaraNa ke sivAya anya kucha vAhate hI nahIM / ve kahate haiM : yA nahIM suravAsa puninara rAja parijana sAtha jI / "budha" yAbahU tuma bhakti bhava-bhaya, dIjiye zivanAtha jI // 2 // yahI kAraNa hai ki ve jinendra deva ko chor3akara anya deva kI upAsanA karanA hAsyAspada mAnate haiN| isase adhika bar3ha ananya bhAva kI udghoSazA aura kyA ho sakatI hai : "nindo bhAvI jasakaro, nAhIM kucha paravAha / lagana lagI jAsa na tajI, kIjo tuma niravAha / /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana tu tyAgi aura na bhajU, suniye dInadayAla | mahArAja kI seve taji, seve kauna kaMgAla // 1 // paramAtma pada kI prApti ke liye vItarAga aura sarvajJa kI pratimA kA darzana, pUjana aura smaraNa pratyanta Avazyaka hai| yaha hamArI bhAvanA ko zuddha karane kA sAdhana hai, isase prazubha karma chUTakara zubha karmoM kA bala bar3hatA hai / bhrAtmA ke pariNAma nirmala karane kA yaha sahaja mArga hai / vItarAga pratimA ke dvArA hama vItarAga prabhu kI prArAdhanA karate haiN| unase zAnti evam saMtoSa bhAdi guNoM kI abhilASA kI jA sakatI hai / paradhana mAvi sAMsArika kAmanAoM kI icchA karanA mUla hai| kisAna kA lakSya prApti ke liye khetI karanA hai| use gehUM cAvala Adi ke sAtha mUsA prApta ho hI jAtA hai / usI prakAra bhakta ko paramAtma-dazA kI prApti ke lakSya rakhate hue dharmAnurAga se abhyuda pada svayameva mila jAtA hai / mataH pratimA pUjA kA lakSya mAtma guNoM ke vikAsa kA hI rahanA cAhiye / 173 gRhastha ke devapUjA, gurupAsti, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna ina SaT mAvazyaka karmoM meM bhI pUjA aura dAna pramukha haiM / rayaNasAra meM prAcArya kundakunda ne gRhastha aura muni dharma ke karttavyoM ko batAte hue likhA hai :- gRhastha dharma meM dAna va pUjA hI mukhya hai| usake binA koI zrAvaka nahIM kahalA sakatA / munimArga meM dhyAna aura adhyayana ( svAdhyAya) mukhya hai / unake binA koI muni nahIM kahalA sakatA 12 1. pUjA - bhakti, guNAnurAga ko kahate / jina pratimA meM AtmA ke nirvikAra zuddha svarUpa ko dekhatA huA samyagdRSTi apane svarUpa ko vaisA hI banAne kI ora prayatnazIla rahatA hai | usake prAcaraNa meM pravRti aura nivRtti donoM maM dirers par3ate hai, usakI pUjA bhakti vilakSaNatA ko liye hue hotI hai| jisameM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM dhArAeM prabhyudaya aura niHzra eyas donoM ke phala ko prApta karAne meM kAraNa hotI haiM | vAstava meM bhagavAna kI bhakti se bhagavAna bana jAtA hai / grAma nivedana paraka bhakti : bhArama nivedana kI prakti paddhati meM makta zrapane avaguNoM kA bakhAna karake apane prArAdhya se unheM nivAraNa karane ke liye prArthanA karatA hai : 2. prAkkathana : paM. nAthUlAla jo zAstrI indaura mitya pUjana pATha saMgraha prakAzaka bhI geMdAlAla ratanalAla seThI, lAtegAMva (ma0 pra0 ) prAcArya kukunda rarapasAra pakSa kamAMka 11 vANaM pUjA muklaM sAvayadhamme, na sAvayA teraNa vinA / jhAraNAnbhavAM mukla, sahadhamme Na taM viraNA sokhi ||

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174 kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva tuma to dInAnAtha ho, maiM hU~ dIna anAtha / zraba to DhIla na kIjiye, bhalo mila gayo sAtha ||42|| zraraja garaja kI karata ho, tArana-tarana su nAtha | bhava-sAgara meM duHkha sahUM, tAro gaha kari hAtha ||37|| vItI jilI na kahi sakUM, saba bhAsata hai toya | pheri na bIte moya ||38|| yAhI te vinatI karU * bhakta apane prArAdhya ko dInAnAtha aura apane thApako dIna mAnatA hai aura prArthanA karatA hai ki zrApa jaise dInAnAtha ko gAkara nizcaya hI merA malA hogA | vaha apane duHkhoM ko dUra karane ke liye atyadhika utsuka hai / bhora prArthanA karatA hai ki he prabhu ! zrApa tara tAraNa hai aura maiM saMsAra samudra meM par3A par3A duHkha bhoga rahA hUM' bhataH kRpayA merA hAtha pakar3akara mujhe ubAra lIjiye maiMne zrAja taka jitane kaSTa sahana kiye haiM unakA varNana nahIM kara sakatA / zrApa sarvajJa haiN| saba kucha jAnate hai / zrataH merI vahI vinamra prArthanA hai ki merA uddhAra kara dIjiye tAki praba mujhe saMsAra meM bhaTakanA na par3e / 1. budhajana budhajana satasaI - eka pradhyayamaH paM0 saM0 42-37-38, samaya : 1

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-- - - chaha DhAlA pahalI DhAla maMgalAcaraNa (soraThA chanda) padya-sarva dravya meM sAra, prAtama ko hitakAra hai / namahu tAhi citaghAra; nitya niraMjana jAnake / / artha--(kAlika) zuddhAtmA samasta dravyoM meM sAra rUpa aura grAtmA ke liye parama hitakArI hai, aisA jAnakara maiM use manoyoga pUrvaka namaskAra karatA hUM / / 1 / / anizya-bhAvanA (caupAI chanda) padmaprAyu gharata terI dinarAta, hoya nibIta raha yo kyoM bhrAta / jIvana dhana-tama-kiMkara-nAri, haiM saba jala budabuda unhaari|| 1-1-2 artha-he bhAI ! terI prAyu pratikSaNa ghaTa rahI hai| terA yaha yauvana, dhana, sundara zarIra, sevaka, strI prAdi sabhI padArtha pAnI ke babhUle kI bhAMti kSaNika haiM, aisI vazA meM terA nizcinta rahanA (pramAda bhAva), Azcaryajanaka hai / / 2 / / mazaraNa bhAvanA padha-pUrana nAyu vadhaM rivana nAhi. daye koTi dhana tIratha mAhi / indra cakrapati hU kahA kareM, prAyu anta te ve hU mare // 1-1-3 artha-karor3oM kI sampadA tIrtha sthAnoM para, kharca karane para bhI prAyu kI pUrNatA hone para tU eka kSaNa bhI jIvita nahIM raha sakatA indra, cakravartI prAdi bhI terI sahAyatA karane meM sarvathA asamartha haiM kyoMki prAyu ke pUrNa hone para ve svayaM bhI maraNa ko prApta karate haiM / / 3 / / saMsAra-bhAvanA padya-yo saMsAra asAra mahAna, sAra prApa meM "pApA" jAna / ___ sukha ta duHkha, duHkha te sukha hoya, samatA cAroM gati nahiM hoya // 1-1-4 pratha-yaha saMsAra sarvathA prasAra hI hai / isameM kicit bhI sAra nahIM hai, nijAtmA hI upAdeya hai aisA dRr3ha nizcaya karo / sukha ke bAda duHkha aura duHkha ke

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176 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtisva bAda sukha kA krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM se kisI bhI gati meM zAnti nahIM hai // 4 // ekasva-bhAvanA patha - dhanaMtakAla gati-pati duHkha laha, mo, bAkI kAla zramaMto kaha, yo / sadA makelo "cetana" eka mAha ba 1-1-19 artha- isa jIva ne cAroM gatiyoM meM rahakara, dhanantakAla taka duHkha bhogA / isake atirikta nigoda rAzi meM anaMtakAla saMsAra paribhramaraNa ke liye zeSa hai yahI vicAra karanA cAhiye ki maiM sadA hI caitanya svarUpa prAtmA hUM, dhakelA hU~ aura jinendradeva ne cAroM gatiyoM ke pratirikta nigoda paryAya ke kAla ko bhanaMta hI batAyA hai parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yaha jIva anaMta guNayukta sadA se akelA hI hai ||5|| anyasva-bhAvanA padma- "tU" na kisI kA koI nahIM toya, tero sukha duHkha to ko hoya | yAteM "tokoM" tU karavAra para dravyati teM moha nivAra / / 1-1-6 zrayaM tU kisI kA nahIM aura koI terA nhiiN| tU hI apane zubhAzubha karma ke udaya se prApta sukha duHkha kA bhogatA hai / yataH yaha nizcaya kara ki terA hitakAraka tU hI hai | ataH tU parandracyoM ke prati mamatva bhAva kA parityAga kara // 6 // azuci-bhAvanA patha-chAr3a mAMsa tana lipaTIcAma, rudhira mUta mala pUrita ghAma P so thira na rahe khaya hoya, yAkoM tajeM mile zivaloya || 1-1-7 artha - yaha terI mAnava veha, haDDI, mAMsa, rakta, mUtra, mala, medA, vIrya jaisI ghRNAspada saptadhAluoM kA ghara hai| isake Upara camar3I lipaTI huI hai| aisI prapavitra bastuoM kA ghara yaha mAnavadeha sthira bhI nahIM hai, naSTa ho jAtI hai / jo puruSa apane prArama puruSArtha ke dvArA isakI mamatA ko chor3a detA hai, vahI mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai / / 7 // // prAstraya-bhAvanA padya hita anahita tana kula- janamAhi, khoTi zani ho kyoM nAhi / roga // 1-1-8 yA pudgala karamana joga, prana dAyaka sukha duHkha artha- zarIra, kuTumbIjana, terA hitAhita kara sakate haiN| aisI khoTI mAnyatA ko tU chor3atA kyoM nahIM hai| isI mithyAbuddhi kA nimitta pAkara paudagalika kAryA vargaNAeM karma rUpa pariNAmita ho jAtI haiM jo ki sukha-duHkha rUpa (roga) kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai || 8 |

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chaha DhAlA 177 saMdara bhAvanA padya-pAMcoM indrina ke saja phala, citta nirodhi lAgi ziva gaila / "to' meM terI tU kara sesa, kahA rahayo, hai kolhU bala // 1-1-6 artha-he bhAI ! tU pAMcoM indriyoM ke samasta viSayoM ko tyAga kara, apane mana ko vaza meM karake, mokSa mArga meM laga / tU apane prAtma-svarUpa meM vihAra kara / tU kolha ke baila kI taraha prazAno kyoM bana rahA hai / mirA bhAvanA padya-taji kaSAya mana kI calacAla, cyAmro apano rUpa rasAla / jhare karamacandhana duHkha-dAna, bahuri prakAza kevala jJAna 1-1-10 artha hai bhAI ! ta viSama kaSAvoM aura apane mana kI caMcalatA bharI mAdata ko tyAgakara apane prAnandamayI nija svarUpa kA dhyAna kara, jisase hai| duHkha dAyaka karmabandha kI nirjarA ho jAya aura kevala jJAna kA prakAza ho // 10 // loka-bhAvanA pacha-tero janama huSonahi jahAM, aiso khetara nAhIM kahAM / yA hI janama bhUmikA raco, calo nikasi to vidhi se baco / / 1-1-11 artha saMsAra meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM, jahAM tU ne janma na liyA ho / arthAt dvadhya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ina paMca parAvartana rUpa saMsAra meM tU sadA se bhaTaka rahA hai ataH aba buddhimAnI isa bAta meM hai ki isa manuSya janma meM aisI bhUmikA taiyAra karo ki jisase punaH punaH zarIra dhAraNa na karanA par3e aura pharmoM ke cakkara se baca sakI // 11 // boSi durvabha-bhAvanA padya-saba vyohAra kriyA kA jJAna, bhayo pranaMtI bAra pradhAna | nipaTa kaTina apanI pahicAna, tAko pAvata hota kalyANa // 1-1-12 artha-he bhAI ! ta ne vyavahAra cAritra ke jJAna ko hI anaMtabAra pradhAnatA dI parantu apane zuddhAtma svarUpa ke jJAna evaM pahicAna ko pradhAnatA nahIM dI jabaki kAlyAe isI kI pradhAnatA se hogA // 12 // dharma-bhAvanA padya-dharma svabhAva bhApa saradhAna, dharma na bhIla, nanhAna na dAna / __ "budhajana" guru kI sIkha vicAra, gahau dhAma prAtama hitakAra // 1-1-13 artha-prAtmA kI yathArthaM zraddhA hI terA svAbhAvika dharma hai| saMyama, snAna, ----

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178 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva dAnAdi sere svAbhAvika dharma nahIM haiM / "budhajana" kavi kahate haiM ki pUrvAcAryoM ko isa zikSA ko hRdayaMgama karo aura prArama hitakArI mokSamArga meM lago / / 13 / / dUsarI hAla (mogIrAsA yA nareta chanda) padya-sunare jIva kahata hU~ tokoM, tere hita ke kaaje|| chahe nizcala mana jaba tU dhAre, taba kachu ika to lAja / jo duHkha se pAvara tana pAyo, varan saphU sau nAhIM / kAre dAra bhubo aru jIyo, eka sAMsa ke mAhIM / / / 2-1-14 martha-he prANI ! tU (mana lagAkara) suna / maiM terI ho bhalAI kI bAta kahatA hU~ / jaba tU ekAgracitta ho isa bAta ko samajhegA taba tujhe apane pUrvakRna mithyAstra rUpa bhAvoM ke kAraNa svayaM para lajjA pAne lgegii| tU ne eka zvAsa meM 18 bAra janma-maraNa kA jo duHkha uThAyA hai usakA varNana nahIM ho sakatA / aise duHkhoM se nikalakara kAlalabdhi vaza bhUmi, jala, pAvaka, vAyu aura vanaspati rUpa sthAvara kA pratyeka zarIra prApta kiyA // 14 // paNa-kAla anaMtAnaMta raha yo goM, puni vikalatraya hUbo / bahuri prasanI nipaTa ajJAnI, china-china jIyo mUbo / aise janama gayo karamana-kaza, tero vaza nahiM caalyo| puNya-udaya sainI pazu hUbo, taba hU~ mAna na mAlyo / 2-2015 artha-he prANI ! tU ne anaMtakAla to sthAvara paryAya kA zarIra dhAraNa kara bitA diyaa| phira maMda-kaSAya-vaza do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya (vikalatraya) kI paryAya prApta kii| phira asainI paMcendriya hu~mA parantu vahAM mana ke na hone se nipaTa ajJAnI rahA aura karmodaya ke adhIna rahana se terA kucha bhI vaza nahIM cala sakA arthAt tu puruSArtha na kara sakA ata: terA jIvana vyartha hI gayA / yadi kamI puNyodaya se sanI paMcendriya pazu bana gayA to vahAM bhI tujhe (samyaka) jJAna kI prApti na ho saphI // 15 // padya-jabara milyo tina tohi satAyo, nibala milyo khaayo| mAta-tiyA samabhogI pApI, tAteM naraka sithAyo / koTika bIla kATata jaise, aisI bhUmi tahA~ hai / rudhira rAdha paravAha bahata hai, durgandha nipaTa jahA~ hai // 2-3.16 martha-pazu paryAya meM apane se adhika balavAna ke dvArA satAyA gayA mora kabhI tU ne apane se nivala prANI ko satAyA yA mArakara khA gayA / tU ne mAtA

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chaha hAlA ko strI samAna sevana kara pAya sapArjana kiyA (usa pApa ke udaya se) ta ne naraka paryAya prApta kii| una narakoM meM bhUmi ko sparza karane se itanA duHkha humA jitanA pharIr3A vimAnoM ke kATane para hotA hai| una garama meM sUna aura pIca kA pravAha bahatA rahatA hai jahAM durgandha hI durgandha hai / / 16 / / padya--ghAva karata masi-patra maga meM, zIta-uSNa tana gAle / koI kATe karavata kara gahi, koI pAtraka jAle / / jathAjoga sAgara-thiti bhugata, duHkha ko anta na mArya / kama-vipAka asAhI have to, mAnUSa gati taba pAvai // 2.4-17 prartha-una narakoM meM (semara) ke vRkSa haiM jinake patte giraphara talavAra kI taraha zarIra para ghAva kara dete haiM / una narakoM meM koI nArakI kisI dUsare nArakI ko apane hAtha meM karavata lekara kATa DAlatA hai| koI kisI ko agni meM jalA detA hai parantu unakI akAla mRtyu nahIM hotii| ataH apane karmodaya se prApta sAgaroM kI prAyu paryanta una duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai / yadi koI (puNya-saMyoga) huA to manuSya gati ko prApta karatA hai / / 17 / / paca---mAta udara meM rahe gIMda mhe, niphasata hI bilalAve / ummA-dAMta-galA-visphoTaka, DAkini te baca jAve / / to jovana meM bhAmini ke saMga, nizi-dina bhoga rakhA / andhA vhai paMdhe dina khoye, bUr3hA nAra halAvaM / / 2-5-18 prartha - (manuSya paryAya meM prAne para) prathama to mAtA ke udara meM giDole kI bhAMti (simaTakara) rahatA hai| vahAM se nikalate hI rone laga jAtA hai| bacapana meM DA, dAMta, phor3A aura DAkini se baca gayA to yuvAvasthA meM patnI ke sAtha bhogoM meM rAta-dina lipta rahatA hai tathA ace kI bhAMti vyApAra mAdi meM apane jIvana ke dina vyatIta karatA hai phira bRddhAvasthA ke A jAne para gardana hilane laga jAtI hai marthAt pratyeka pravasthA meM sadupadeza se ikAra karatA hai // 18 // pana-jama pakara taba jora na cAle, sainA sana batAve / mandakaSAya hoya to bhAI, bhavanatrika pada pAva / / para kI sampatti lamli ati jhUrai, ke ratikAla gaMmArca / prAyu panta mAlA murajhAvaM, taba sakhi-lakhi pachatAve / / 2-6-16 bhartha-jaba yamarAja dhara dabocatA hai arthAt jaba bhAyu ke niSeka pUre ho jAte haiM taba isa jIva kA koI vA nahIM calatA, vANI ke dvArA kucha kaha nahIM pAtA, saMketa dvArA hI kucha batAtA hai / yadi kabhI maraNa-kAla meM kaSAya kI mandatA huI

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kavivara budhajana vyaya evaM kRtika : 180 to bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI kSetroM meM paidA hotA hai, vahAM para bhI dUsare devoM kI vibhUti ko dekhakara bhUratA rahatA hai yA devAMganAoM ke sAtha kAma krIr3AmoM meM apanA samaya vyartha hI gaMvA detA hai phira maraNakAla zrAne para mAlA ke murajhAne se pazcAtApa kI agni meM jalatA rahatA hai / / 12 / / padma-caveM tahAM se thAvara hoveM, rUli hai kAza zranantA / yA vidhi paMca parA vrata pUrata, duHkha ko nAhIM mantA // phAlalabdhi jina-guru-kirapA teM, Apa "Apa" ko jJAnaM / taba hI " budhajana" bhavadadhi tarike pahuMca jAya ziva yAnaM / / 2-7-20 artha - isa mithyAbhAva ke kAraNa deva paryAya se yuta hokara sthAvara arthAt ekendriya ke zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura anantakAla taka rulatA rahatA hai / cha prakAra yaha jIva paMcaparAvartana rUpa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA huA ananta duHkha bhogatA hai| yadi kisI puNya-saMyoga se kAlalamiSa ke paka jAne tathA jinendra deva evaM niya gurutroM kI kRpA huI to zrAtma-svarUpa kA bhAna hone se saMsAra samudra se pAra hokara mokSa sukha ko prApta kara letA hai ||20|| tIsarI DhAla (paddharichamba ) patha - yA vidhi bhaSa-vana mahi jIva, yasa moha maddala sUte sazISa / upadeza tathA sahaja prabodha, taba hI jAgaM jyoM uThata joSa / / 3-1-21 artha - (miyyAdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke vazIbhUta ho, sva ko bhUla yaha jIva sadaiva saMsAra rUpa vana meM gAr3ha nidrA meM sotA rahatA hai| jaba kabhI puNyodaya se ise sadguruoM (nirgrantha gurugroM) kA upadeza milatA hai tathA jaba ise apanI AtmA kA sahaja bhAna ho jAtA hai tabhI yaha jAgRta hokara, sAvadhAna ho jAtA hai / jaise koI yoddhA jAgakara khar3A ho jAtA hai / / 21 / / -- jaba citavata ghapane mAMhi zrApa hUM cidAnanda nahi puNyavApa / mero nAhIM hai rAgabhAva, ye to vidhivaza upaje vibhAva // 3-2-22 pratha- jaba yaha prANI apane meM, apanA hI avalokana karatA hai aura jaba yaha niraya karatA hai ki maiM to cidAnanda svabhASI prAtmA hUM, puNya pApa rUpa bhAva mere nahIM haiM, rAga-ISAdi bhAva bhI mere nahIM haiM kyoMki ye to karma-janita bhAvika-bhAva haiM ||22 // padma- hU~ nirupa- niraMjana, siddhasamAna jJAnAvaraNI AcchAda jJAna / nizcaya zuddha ika, vyohAra meva, guna-gunI, aMga-bhaMgI zradeva / / 2-3-23 artha- maiM nitya niraMjana hUM aura siddha samAna hU~ | jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM 1 1 A

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chaha bAlA 181 me, merI jJAna-gakti ko AcchAdita kara liyA hai para (naSTa nahIM kiyA hai) / zuddha nizcaya-naya se maiM (mAtra zAsA-iSTA hI hai, samaya sAra hU~) aura vyavahAra naya kI mapekSA meM aneka bheda bAlA hai| una bhedoM kA kabhI pamta nahIM ho sakatA // 23 // padya-mAnuSa-sura-nAraka-pazu paryAya, zizu-yuvA-vRddha-bahurUpa kAya / dhanavAma-daridrI-dAsa-rAva, ye to viDaMbanA mujha na bhAva // 3-4-24 artha---manuSya, deva, naraka, tiryaca paryAyoM kara prApta, bAlyakAla, yuvAkAla aura vRddhakAla Adi zarIra sambandhI bhaneka paryAyoM kI prApti tathA dhanADhyatA, daridratA, sevakapanA, svAmIpanA ye samasta paryAya eka prakAra kI viDaMbanA hai, pudagala karma janita haiM aura inameM merI ruci kriSida bhI nahIM hai // 24 // padma- rasa pharasa gaMdha varanAdi nAma, mere nAhIM maiM jAna-dhAma / hU eka rUpa nahiM hota aura, mujha meM pratibimbita sakalaThaura // 3-5-25 artha-rasa, sparza, gandha, varNa aAdi pudgala ke haiM, mere nahIM haiN| meM to mAtra jJAna-zarIrI hUM (jJAna kA puja) huuN| maiM prakhaMDa, ekarUpa hai, anya rUpa meM nahIM hai| saMsAra ke samasta padArtha mere jJAna-svabhAva meM jhasakate haiM // 25 // pazcantana pulakita, ura harSita sadIva,jyoM bhaI raka dhara ridhi atIva / jaba pravala apratyAkhyAnathAya, taba cita paragati aisI upAya / / 3-6.26 artha-(uparyukta citavana ke phalasvarUpa) zarIra pulakita ho jAtA hai aura hRdaya niraMtara harSamaya ho uThatA hai jaise ki janmata: daridra ke ghara meM mahAdhi pragaTa ho gaI ho / isa prakAra samyagdarzana kI prApti ho jAne para bhI jaba apratyAkhyAnAvagNA kaSAya kA tIna udaya rahatA hai taba pitta kI pariNati nIce likhe anusAra banatI hai| / 26 // padya-so suno bhavika cittadhArikAna, varanata hUM tAko vidhi-vidhAna | saba kara kAja ghara mAhi bAsa, jyoM bhinna kamala ala meM nivAsa // 3-7-27 artha-usa samyagdaSTi jIva kI manodazA ke vidhi vidhAna kA varNana kara rahA hUM / he bhavyajana ! (tuma use mana aura kAna lagAkara suno yapi) (mavirata samyagdRSTi jIva) gRhasthI meM rahatA hai, ghara ke sampUrNa kArya bhI karatA hai tathApi usakI pariNati jala se bhinna kamala kI bhAMti (alipta) hI rahatI hai / / 27 // padma-jyoM satI praga mAhIM siMgAra, ati karata pyAra jyoM nagara nAri / jyoM dhAya lar3Abata mAna bAla, tyoM bhoga karata nAhIM stuzAla // 3-8-25 artha-jisa prakAra (pati kI citA para ArUr3ha hone vAlI) satI strI apane zarIra kA 'gAra karatI hai parantu usa zUgAra meM usakI rUci nahIM hai, athavA

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182 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva jisa prakAra vezyA atyadhika pyAra to jatAtI hai parantu usakI ruci puruSa vizeSa meM nahIM hai athavA jisa prakAra ghAya anya ke bAlaka se lAr3a-pyAra to karatI hai parantu use parAyA ho samajhatI hai usI prakAra avirata samyagdRSTi jIva karmodaya vazaH v bhoga bhogate hue bhI usameM zrAnandita nahIM hotA ||28|| padya - jahaMudama moha ceSTita prabhAva, nahi hoya raMca - tahUM kareM maMda khoTI kavAya, ghara meM udAsa hai, tyAgabhAva | athira dhyAya / / 3-6-2e artha-jaba taka cAritra moha ke udaya kA prabhAva jIva para banA rahatA hai taba taka usa jIva ke syAga kiMcit bhI nahIM hotA / vaha kevala anantAnubandhI kaSAya tathA mithyAtva bhAva ko manda karatA hai, ghara meM bhI udAsa bhAva se rahatA hai aura saMsAra ke ( pa ) hai garama ko padya - saba kI rakSA yuta nyAyanIti, jina zAsana guru kI Tu pratIti / bahurale zraddha - pudgala pramANa, antarmuhurta le parama-dhAma // 3-10-20 , artha - usa aJjirata samyagdRSTi jIva kI pariNati samasta prANiyoM kI rakSA karane, nyAya-nIti para calane, sacce deva zAstra, guru kI dRr3ha pratIti dhAraNa karane rUpa ho jAtI hai aura taba use adhika se adhika arddha pudgala parAvartakAla taka hI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / puna: vaha (apane jJAna aura vairAgya ke barana se munipada dhAraNa karate hI ) dhantarmuhUrta meM mokSa sthAna ko prApta kara letA hai ||30|| 1 padya - ve dhanya jIva, ghanibhAga soya, tAke aisI paratIti joma nAkI mahimA hai svargaloya "budhajana" bhASe moteM na hoya // / 3-11-31 pratha-ve jIva dhanya haiM, unakA bhAgya bhI dhanya hai jinakI apanI AtmA kI prakhaMDa zakti para aisI dRr3ha pratIti ho jAtI hai| aise samyagdRSTi jIva kI isa dRr3ha zraddhA kI prazaMsA (indra) svargoM meM karatA hai / kavivara "budhajana" kahate haiM ki usa avirata samyagdRSTi kI mahimA kA varNana mujhase nahIM ho sakatA ||31|| cauthI DhAla (soraThA chaMda) padya - lagyo zrItama sUra, dUra bhayo mithyAta-tama / aba pragaTe gunabhUra, tinameM kachu ika kar3hata hU~ | 4-1-32 - artha - (samyagdRSTi ke zrAtmA rUpI) sUrya kA udaya hone para midhyAtva rUpI andhakAra kA nAza ho gayA hai aura aneka guNa pragaTa ho gaye haiM / una guNoM meM se kucha guNoM kA varNana karatA hU~ ||32|| niH saMkita va niHko kisa aMga padya - - kAmana meM nAhi, tatvAratha saradhAna meM / niravayA cilamAhi, paramAratha meM rata rahe || 4-2-33

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chahaDhAlA 183 artha-samraSTi ke mana meM tatvAyaM ke zraddhAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM rahatI hai / vaha saMsAra ke viSaya bhogoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAMdhA nahIM rakhatA tathA usakA mana dharma meM lIna rahatA hai // 33 // fafafeferer sUvaSTi ga neka napharata gilAna, bAhya malina muni-tatra lakhe / nAhI hota prajAna, tatva-kutatva vicAra meM | 4-3-34 - samyaSTi ke mana meM bAhara se apavitra tathA ranatraya se pavitra munijanoM ke zarIra ko dekhakara (kiMcit bhI) ghRNA kA bhAva paidA nahIM hotaa| vaha tatva kutasva athavA heya upAdeya ke nirNaya karane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bhUla nahIM karatA ||34|| upagUhana evaM sthitikaraNa maMga padya - ura meM dayA vizeSa, guna pragaTe, zrIguna Dhake / zithila dharma meM dekha, jaise tese dar3ha kare / / 4-4-35 prazraM - usake hRdaya meM vizeSa rUpa se karuNA kA bhAva jAgRta ho jAtA hai zrataH usameM dayA kA sAgara laharAtA hai| vaha dUsaroM ke guNoM ko pragaTa karatA guNoM ko DhAMkatA hai / yadi koI sAdharmI bandhu daridratA Adi kAraNoM se dharma se vizvalita hotA hai to jaise bane jaise (yathA saMbhava sahAyatA dekara ) aura dharma meM dRr3ha karatA hai / / 35 / / paca 4-5-36 sAdhama pahicAna, gharaM heta gau vatsa loM / mahimA hota mahAna dharma kAja aise kareM | artha - jisa prakAra gAya prapane bachar3e para niSkAma prema karatI hai, usI prakAra vaha sAdhuoM ke prati "yaha hamArA sAmI bandhu hai" itanA jJAna hote hI niHsvArtha prema karatA hai| vaha samyagdRSTi jIva rasnatraya ke teja se apanI AtmA kI prabhAvanA karatA hai aura dAna, tapa, jinendraarcA, jJAna kI adhikatA zrAdi ke dvArA pavitra jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA karatA hai // 36 // mATha mana jo samyagtuSTi jIva meM nahIM hote padma- madana jo nRpa tAta, mada nahi bhUpati mAma ko mada nahi vibho lahAta, maMda nahI sundara rUpa ko // mada nahiM jo vidvAna, mada nahi sana meM jo madana / mada nahiM jo paradhAna, mada nahi saMpati krodha ko || 4-6-37 prarthasamyagdRSTi jIva nimnalikhita ATha prakAra ke mada nahIM karatA-(1) yadi pitA rAjA ho to kula kA mada nahIM karatA / (2) yadi mAmA rAjA ho to jAti kA mada nahIM karatA / (3) yadi aizvaryavAna ho to adhikAra kA mada nahIM karatA / ( 4 ) yadi sundara rUpa vAlA ho to rUpa kA mada nahIM karatA /

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184 kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (5) yadi svayaM vidvAn ho to jJAna kA mada nahIM karatA / (6) yadi zarIra meM bala ho to bala kA mada nahIM karatA / (7) yadi prabhutA prApta huI ho to prabhutA kA mada nahIM karatA / (8) yadi atyadhika sampannatA ho to dhana kA mada nahIM karatA / 3 padya - vo zrAtama-jJAna, taji rAgAdi vibhAtra para tAke hai kyoM mAna jAtyAdika vasu adhira ko || 4-7-38 artha - (jise apanI zrAtmA ke bhAnapUrvaka) samyagjJAna kI prApti huI hai aura jisane rAga-dveSAdi ko vibhAva bhAva jAnakara chor3a diyA hai aise jIva ko pATha bhada ( kulajAti zradi) kaise ho sakate haiM ? ||38|| 3. mUr3hatA padya - - vandata hai marahaMta, jina-muni, jina-siddhAnta ko / na maiM na dekha mahaMta, kugurudvakudeva, kugratha ko || 4-5-36 partha- usa samyagdRSTi jIva ko zraddhA itanI dRr3ha hotI hai ki vaha (arahaMta deva ) ( saccaideva) ninyamuni ( sacce gurU) jinavANI ( sacce zAstra) ko hI namaskAra karatA hai / vaha inake viparIta kugurU, kudeva, kuNAstroM ko (bhaya se, prAzA se, sneha se, lobha se bhI kabhI namaskAra nahIM karatA bAhe ve kitane hI mahimA zrataH vaha 3 mUr3hatA se rahita hotA hai ||36|| zAstro kyoM na hoM ? yaha anAyata - kutsita bhAgama deva, kutsita guru puni sevakA / razaMsA SaTmeva, kare na samakita jJAna hai | padya - 46-40 prathaM vaha samyagdRSTi jIva khoTe zAstra, khoTe deva aura khoTe guruSoM ko tathA unake sevakoM (prazaMsakoM) kI prazaMsA kadApi nahIM karatA ataH vaha yaha anAyatana kA bhI tyAgI hotA hai // 40 // patha--pragaTA isA subhAva, karA prabhAva mithyAta kA / vande tAke pAMva, "budhajana" mana-vaca kAya te / 4-10-41 artha - " budhajana " kavi kahate haiM ki mithyAtva ke prabhAva hone se jisakA aisA svabhAva pragaTa huA hai| maiM aise vItarAga svabhAvI samyagdRSTi jIva kI mana, vacana, kAya se vaMdanA karatA hU~ / / 41 / / pAMcavIM DhAla (chanda cAla) padya - tirajaMta manuSya doU gati me, vrata dhAraka, saraghAcita meM / so zragalita naura na pIvaM, nizi bhojana tajata sadIyaM // 5-1-42 artha - tiyaM ca zraura manuSya ina donoM gatiyoM meM zraddhAvAna vratadhAraka (jaina gRhastha) binA chanA jala nahIM pItA hai aura sadA ke liye rAtri bhojana kA tyAgI hotA hai // 42 //

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chaha DhAlA 185 padya-mukha abhaya vastu nahi lAvai, jina bhakti trikAla racAvaM / mana-vaca-tana kapaTa nivAra, kRta-kArita-moda saMdhAraM // 5-2-43 artha-vratI gRhastha kabhI bhI prajAnaphala mAdi 22 prakAra ke abhakSa padAyoM kA) makSaNa nahIM krtaa| prAta: madhyAnha aura sAyaMkAla (trikAla) jinendradeva kI bhakti karatA hai / bhapana mana, kapana kArya sa tathA tArita-anumodanA se (kisI ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA) kapaTa kA vyavahAra nahIM karatA / / 43 // padha-jaisI upazamita kaSAyA, tasA sina tyAga ranAyA / ko sAta-vyasana ko tyAga, koU aNuvrata meM mana pAgaM // 15-3-44 artha-(isake prAge aMsA-aMsA kapAya kA upazama hotA jAtA hai arthAt kaSAya ghaTatI jAtI hai, vaisI hI vaisI vaha tyAgavRtti ko dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai| koI to sapta-vyasanoM kA tyAgakaratA hai aura koI pAMca aNuvatoM ke pAlana meM apanA mana lagAtA hai / isa prakAra baha aNuvana kA pAlana karatA hai // 44 // hisAva satyAga vrata padya-trasajIva kama nahiM mAra, virayA thAvara na saMhAra / para-hita-vina jhUTha na bola, mukha sAMca binA nahiM khola / 5-4-45 artha-(vaha samyagdRSTi gRhastha ahiMsA aNunata ke pAlanArtha) trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai aura yadyapi sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAgI nahIM hai tathApi unakI (niSprayojana) virAdhanA nahIM krtaa| yaha usakA ahiMsA-aNuvrata satyANuvrata kI rakSArtha dUsaroM kI prAraNa-rakSA-hetu hI bhasatya bolatA hai anyathA nhiiN| vaha apane prANoM kI rakSArtha kamI bhI asatya nahIM boltaa| vaha aba bolegA taba satya hI bosegA / 45 // pracaurya va brahmacarya praNa vrata padya-jana mRtikA dina, dhana sabaha, binadiyo leya nahiM kabaha / __vyAhI banitA binadhArI, ladhu bahina, bar3I mahatArI // 5-5-46 artha-jala aura miTTI ke sivAya anya kisI bhI prakAra kI bastu binA diye kabhI bhI gRharaNa nahIM karatA prataH vaha pracauma-maNuvrata pAlatA hai / vivAhitA pallI ke sivAya, apane se choTI umra kI striyoM ko bahina ke samAna aura apane se bar3I striyoM ko mAtA ke samAna samajhatA hai ataH vaha brahmacarya maNuvata pAlatA hai // 46 // parigraha parimANa-paNa prata pora vimbasa kA svarUpa padya-sisanA kA jora saMkoce, jyAdA parigraha ko morc| disa kI marajAdA lAvaM, bAhara nahiM pApa hilAve / 5-6-47

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva artha - ( vaha jaina gRhastha ) tRSNA bhAva ko kama karake parigraha kA parimArA karatA hai / isa prakAra pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana karatA hai / dasoM dizAoM meM jAnebhAne kA jIvana paryanta ke liye tyAga kara eka kadama bhI usa sImA se bAhara nahIM bar3hAtA prataH vaha divrata kA pAlana karatA hai // 47 // dezavrata aura samartha baMDala kA svarUpa 186 patha - sAhU meM pura, sara, saritA, nita rAkhata, bhragha taiM DaratA / saba anaratha daMDa na karihai, china china nijadharma sumari hai / / 5-7-4 artha - divrata meM jIvana paryanta ke liye kI gaI maryAdA ko saMkucita karane ke liye nagara tAlAba, nadI mAdi taka jAne-mAne kI maryAdA karake vezavrata kA pAlana karatA hai aura nisya hI pApoM se DaratA hai yaha usakA dezavrata hai| vaha pApadeza, hiMsAdAna, zrapadhyAna, duHkha ti aura pramAda ina pAMca prakAra ke arthadaMDoM ka tyAgakara daMDa kA nAma pratakSa kapane Atma dharma kA / hai smaraNa karatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra 3 guNavatoM kA pAlana karatA hai // 4 sAmayika zikSAtrata padya - davaM, dhAna, kAla sudha bhAva, samatA sAmAyika dhyAve / yoM vaha ekAkI hI hai, niSkiMcana muniyoM sohe // 5-8-46 artha- - dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI maryAdA pUrvaka, mana meM samatAbhAva ghAra kara sAmAyika karatA hai| sAmAyika ke samaya apane Apa ko ekAkI anubhava karatA hai tathA kicana-bhAva, bAraNa kara upacAra se munivat zobhita hotA hai // 42 // bhogopabhoga parimANa aura atithi saMvibhAga zikSAvrata padya - pariSad parimANa vicAra, nitanema bhoga kA bAraM / suni bhAvana viriyA jobe, taba joga prasana mukha lAvaM / 5-6-50 artha - ( vaha samyagDaSTi gRhastha ) parigraha parimANa vrata kA dhyAna rakhate hue pratidina bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI kA niyama karatA hai ataH vaha bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata kA pAlana karatA hai / ghara para, muni, dhArmikA zrAdi uttama pAtroM ke Ane kI pratIkSA karatA hai / dvArApekSaNa kriyA ke bAda hI yogya bhojana letA hai ataH vaha pratithi saMvibhAga vrata kA pAlana karatA hai // 50 // sahalekhanA patha-ye uttama kiriyA karatA, nita rahe pApa karatA / jaba nikaTa mRtyu nija jAne, taba hI saba mamatA bhAnaM / / 5- 10-51 / artha- isa prakAra kI uttama kriyA (5 aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata, sAmAyika, bhogopabhoga parimANa aura yatithi saMvibhAga) ko pAlatA huA (vaha gRhastha ) sadaiva pApoM se bhayabhIta

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chaha DhAlA 187 rahatA hai aura jaba maraNa-kAla samIpa prAtA jAnatA hai taba saba prakAra se mamatva bhAva ko dUra karatA hai aura sAvadhAna cita ho samAdhimaraNa dhAraNa karatA hai / / 51|| padya-aise puruSottama kerA, "budhajana' caranana kA cerA / __ve nizcaya surapada pAyeM, dhore dina meM ziva jAveM // 5-11-52 prartha-kavivara "budhajana" kahate haiM ki jo isa prakAra ke puruSArtha ko pragaTa karatA hai pradi gRhasthocitavatoM kA niraticAra pAlana karatA hai aura aMta samaya meM saMllekhanA dhAraNa karatA hai| usa samyagraSTi vratI zrAvaka ke parasoM kA dAsa huuN| aisA jIvaniniya hI kalpavAsI deva hotA hai tathA vahAM se calakara manuSya bhaba dhAraNa karake, munipada dhAraNa karake ( 3bhava meM hI) mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai // 52 / / sUcanA-kavi ne 12 vratoM ke ullekha meM "proSadhopavAsa" nAmaka zikSAprata kA ullekha na karate hue "saslekhanA" kI parigaNanA karake 12 satoM kI saMkhyA ginAI hai / aisA umAsvAmI prAdi mAcAoM evaM paM. daulatarAmajI prAdi vidvAnoM ne sallekhanA ko 12 pratoM ke atirikta liyA hai aura yaha ThIka bhI hai kyoMki sallekhanA kevala maraNakAla meM hI dhAraNa kI jAtI hai, jabaki 12 pratoM kA pAlana saMpUrNa vrata-kAla meM kiyA jAtA hai| chaThI-DAla (rolAchanda) padya-adhira dhyAya parAya, bhogateM hoya udaasii| nisma-niraMjana-jyoti, prAtamA ghaTa meM bhAsI / / artha-jo yaha nirNaya kara letA hai ki (pratyeka dravya kI) samasta paryAya asthira haiM, vaha bhogoM ke prati udAsIna bhAva dhAraNa kara letA hai tathA nitya-niraMjanajyoti svarUpa prAtmA mere hI ghaTa meM haiM use aisA vizvAsa utpanna ho jAtA hai // 53 // padya-suta-dArAdi dulAya, sabaniteM moha nivaaraa| tyAgi zahara-ghana-dhAma, vAsa ghana-bIca vidhArA 6-2-54 artha-jise saMsAra kI asthiratA kA prAbhAsa ho gayA hai vaha apane puSa, strI bhAdi ko bulAkara (unase kSamA kA bhAdAna-pradAna karake) moha-rahita ho jAtA hai tathA zahara, dhana-sampatti, gRhayAsa bhAdi ke moha ko chor3a, vana meM rahane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara letA hai||54|| padya-bhUpaNa-vasana-utAri, nagana mhai prAtma cInhA / guru hiMga dIkSA pAri, sIsa kacaloMca jukInA / / artha-(jise apanI mAsmA kI pahicAna ho gaI hai vaha) samasta prakAra ke vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara, guru ke samIpa jA, dIkSA dhAraNa kara letA hai (nirgrantha ho jAtA hai) tathA (apane hAtha se) keza lucana kriyA sampanna karatA hai / 155 / /

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150 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ahiMsA, satya, adhaurya mahAyata padya-prasa pAvara kA yAta smAga, mana-vaya-sana liinaa| jhUTha bacana parihAra, gahenahiM jala bina dInA // artha-ghaha (bhavyajIva) mana-vacana-kAya se chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA parityAga kara ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai| nidoSa bacana bolane se satya mahAnata kA pAlana karatA hai| jala, miTTI bhAdi bhI binA diye nahIM lene se mauryamahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai // 56 // brahmacarya aura aparigraha mahAbata pana-cetananjA-tiya bhoga, tajyA gati-gati duHkha kArA / ahi-kaMcuki jyoMjAna, vitta teM parigraha DArA / / 6-5-57 prartha-vaha (muni) cetana aura acetana samasta prakAra kI striyoM ke sevana ko cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkha kA kAraNa jAna, chor3a detA hai ata: brahmacarya mahAdata kA pAsana karatA hai| jisa prakAra sAMpa keMculI tyAgakara sundaratA ko prApta hote haiM usI prakAra muni kA mana antaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha kA tyAga hone se atyanta nirmala ho jAtA hai| yaha muni kA parigraha (mUchI) tyAga mahAyata hai // 57 / / 5 samiti 3 gupti evaM parISahajaya para-gupti pAlane kAja, kapaTa mana-vaca-tana nAhIM / pAMcoM samiti saMvAri, parISaha sahi haiM mAhIM / / 6-6-57 prarSa-apane svarUpa meM gupta rahane hetu yaha jaTilatA ko rahane hI nahIM dete prataH 3 guptiyoM (managupti, vacanagupti kAragupti ko pAlate haiN| IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, bhAvAna-nikSepaNa aura pratiSThApana ina pAMca samitiyoM kA pAlana (sAvadhAnIpUrvaka) karate haiN| (prakasmAta, mAye hue parISahoM (kaSToM) ko samatA-bhAna pUrvaka sahana karate haiN| yaha unakA parISaha-jaya hai // 58|| patra-chADi sakala jaMjAla, Apakari pApa "prApa" meM / apane hita ko mApa, karau he zuddha jAra meM / / martha- vaha sAMsArika samasta prakAra ke vikalpa jAloM ko jaMjAla samajhakara chor3a detA hai tathA mAtma-hita ke liye svayaM prAtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai aura dhyAnAgni meM tapakara guddha ho jAtA hai // 56 //

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padya - aisI nizvala kAya, mAnoM pAthara racI, yaha ThANA dhyAna meM muni jana pherI kiSoM citrAma cakerI // 6-8-60 STEF --gAna meM sthita munijanoM kI nizcala kAyA ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai mAnoM yaha pASANa-pratimA ho prathavA kisI (citrakAra ) ne kisI patthara para citra ho ukera diyA ho || 6 || pazca- cAra ghAliya nAzi, jJAna meM loka nihArA / dejina-mata prAdeza, bhavika koM duHkhate dvArA // 6-6-61 artha- jinhoMne zuddhAtma dhyAna ke bala se cAroM ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara diyA hai, jinakI kevala jJAnajyoti meM jagata ke anaMta padArtha tathA unakI anaMta paryAyeM pratibhAsita ho rahI haiM, jinhoMne bhavya jIvoM ke liye kalyANa-kAraka jaina-mata kA upadeza diyA hai tathA unako saMsAra ke duHkha se chur3AyA hai / / 61 / / padma- bahuri bhaghAtI tori samaya meM zivapada pAyA / malakha akhaMDita jyoti, zuddha vetana ThaharAyA // 6-10-62 artha - punaH zeSa cAra madyAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara eka samaya meM monapada prApta kara liyA tathA apanI zuddhAtmA ko prakhaMDa jyoti svarUpa banA liyA hai aura zuddha cetanA svarUpa ho gaye haiM / / 62 / / patha - kAla dhanaMtAnaMta jaise ke tase rahi haiM / zravinAzI bhavikAra, macala pranupamasukha lahiM haiM // artha- ve mukAramA aba bhanaMtAnaMta rahita, vikAra rahita, caMcalatA rahita, kareMge // 63 // 186 kAla paryanta upamA rahita padma - aisI bhAvana bhAya aise je - 6-11-63 yathAvat raheMge bhIraM vinAza(mAsmika) sukha ko prApta kAraja kari haiM / te aise hI hoya, duSTa karamana koM hari hai / 6-12-64 artha -- jo nitya prati aisI bhAvanA karate raheMge tathA usI ke manusAra mArA kareMge ve vaise hI bana jAMge arthAt siddhapada prApta kareMge ||64 // padma-jinake Dara vizvAsa, bacana jina zAsana nAhIM / 6-13.65 bAtoM para vizvAsa nahIM hai ve viSaya bhogoM se vyAkula hokara narakAdi ke dukhoM ko sahUna kareMge || 65|| te bhogAtura hoya, sahaiM duHkha narakana mohIM // artha- jinake hRdaya meM jinendra kathita padma- -sukha-duHkha pUrva viSAka, bhare mata kala jIyA / kaThina kaThina teM mIta, janma mAnuSa se lIyA // 6, 14-66 artha - che jIva ! isa saMsAra ke sukhaduHkha to pUrvI pAjisa karmoM kA phala haiM

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hAnikara dudha na . satya evaM kRtitva ataH tU inake citavana meM apanA anamola samaya mata citA kyoMki he mitra / tUne kar3I hI kaThinAI se yaha manuSya-jamma pAyA hai // 66 // padya-sau virathA mana soya, joya prApA para bhaaii| gaI na lAmai pheri, uSi meM TUbI rAI / / 6.15-17 artha- he bhAI ! isa durlabha nara-tana ko viSayAsakta hokara vyartha mata gaMvA mora sva-para bheda-vijJAna ko pragaTa kara | jisa prakAra rAI kA dAnA samudra meM DUba jAya to usakA prApta karanA bhI atyanta kaThina hai / / 7 / / padma--bhasA naraka kA bAsa, sahita samakita se paataa| bure bane je deva, nRpati vidhyAmata mAtA // artha- samyaktva sahita, narakavAsa kahIM adhika anchA hai apekSAkRta mithyAtva sahita deva yA rAjA kI paryAya ko dhAraNa karane se / / 68 // budhajana satasaI devAnurAgazataka sanamatipada sanamaptikarana, bando maMgalakAra / barana budhajana satasaI, nijapara hinakaratAra // 1 // paramagharamakaratAra hai, bhavijana sukhakaratAra / nita vaMdana karatA rahUM, merA gahi karatAra / / 2 / / parU pagatare Apake, pApa pagatarai daina / harI karmakoM savatara, karau saya taraM caina / / 3 / / sabalAyaka, jJAyaka prabhU, zayaka karmakaralesa / lAyaka jAnira namata haiM, pAyaka bhaye suresa // 4 // nam tohi kara jorike, siva banarI kara jorI / varajorI vidhiko harI, tIna loka ke tAta / / 5 / / tIna kAlakI svabari tuma, tIna loka ke tAta / vividhasuddha vaMdana karU, vividha tApa miTi jAta // 6 / / tIna loka ke pati prabhu, paramAtama paramesa / mana-baca-tana te namata hU~, meTo kaThina kalesa // 7 // pUjU tere pAyakU, parama padAratha jAna / tuma pUjete hota haiM sevaka Apa samAna / 18|| tuma samAna kou pAna nahIM, tamU jAya kara nAya / / surapati, narapati, nAgapati, prAya pare tuma pAMya III

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budhajana satasaI suna anaMtaguna mukhayakI kaise gAye jAta / Ida munida phanivahU, gAna karata thaki jAta ||10|| tuma anaMta mahimA atula, kyoM mukha kariha gAna / sAgara jala pIta na bane, pIjaM tRSA samAna // 111 // binA kaise rahUM, mausara milyo abAra / aisI viriyAM Tari gayA, kaise banala sudhAra ||12|| jo haiM kahAMU bhorateM, to na miTe urakAra / merI to tause banoM tAteM karUM pukAra / / 1332 AnaMdaghana suya nirakhikaM haraSata hai mana mora / dUra bhayo pratApa saba sunikaM mukha kI ghora // 14 // t pAna yAna aba nAru, mana rAjyoM tuma nAtha / ratana ciMtAmani pAyake, gahai kAMca ko hAtha ||15|| P caMcala rahata sadaiva citta thakyo na kAhU Thaura / acala bhayau ikaTaka prave, lagyo rAvarI mora // 16 // hajAra ||17|| mana mohyo mero prabhu, sundara rUpa apAra indra sArikhe thakI rahe, kari kari nena jaise bhAnupratApase, tama nAse saba bora / jaise tuma nirakhata nasyo, saMzaya vibhrama bhora // 18 // anya naina tuma darasa lakhi, dhani mastaka lakhi pAMya | zravana dhanya bAnI sune, rasanA dhani guna gAya // 16 // anya divasa dhaniyA dhari, dhanya bhAga mujha bhAja / janama saphala bhaya hI bhayo, baMdata zrI mahArAja // 20 // lakhi tuma chavi citacora ko, cakita pakti citacora / mAnanda pUrana bhari gayo, nAhi cAhi rahi aura // 21 // cita cAtaka pratra lakhe, zrAnaMdaghana tuma aura / vacanAmRta pI lupta haiM, tRSA rahI nahIM aura // 22 // jaiso dhIraja zrApameM so na kahUM aura / eka Thora rAjata acala, vyApa rahe saba Thaura ||23|| yo zradbhuta jJAtApano, lakhyo zrApakI jAga / bhalI burI nirakhata raho, karo nAhi kahUM rAga // 24 // ghari visuddhatA bhAva nija, daI prasAtA khoya | kSudhA tRSA tuma pariharI, jaiseM kariye moya / / 25 // 191

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162 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva tyAgi buddhi parajAyakU lasarva sama bhAya rAga doSa satakhina Tarapo, rAce sahaja subhAya / / 26 // mo mamatA bamanA mayA, samatA prAtamarAma / mamara prajanmA hoya siva, jAya laho visarAma // 27 // heta prIti sabasauM tajyA, magana nijAtapa mAhi / roga soga aba kyoM bane, khAnA pInA nAhi // 28 // jAgi rahe nija dhyAna meM, dhari dhIraja balavAna / mArva kimi nidrA jarA, nirasedaka bhagavAna // 26|| jAtIvata praSika bala, sudhira sUkhI nija mAhi / vastu carAcara lakhi laI, bhaya visame yoM nAdi !|30|| tatvArathasaradhAna kari, dInA moha vinAsa / mAna hAna kInA pragaTa, kevalajJAna prakAsa // 31 // atula sakti paragaTa bhaI, rAjata hai svayameva / sveda kheda bina thira bhaye, saba devana ke deva // 32 // paripUrama ho saba taraha, karanA rahmA na phAja / bhArata cintA te rahita, rAjata ho mahArAja // 33 // vIrya panaMtA pari rahe, sukha manaMta paramAna / darasa anaMta pramAna juta, mayA anaMtAzAna // 34 // prajara amara prakSaya anaMta, aparasa bhavarana vAna / bAhta thake suragura gunI, momana meM kima jAyaM // 35 // kahata thake suragura gunI, momana meM kima mAMya / ye ura meM jitane bhare, titane kahai na jAya // 36 // praraja garaja kI karata hUM, tArana tarana sunAtha / bhava sAgara meM dukha santU, tAro gaha kari hAtha // 35 // bItI jitI na kahi sakU, saba bhAsata hai toya / yAhI te vinatI karU, pheri bIte moya // 38 // bAraNa bAnara bAgha mahi, aMjana bhIla baMDAra / jAvidhi prabhu mukhiyA kiyA, so hI merI bAra ! // 36 / / hU~ ajAna jAne binA, phiryo catura gati pAna / aba gharanA saranA liyA, karo kRpA bhagavAna // 40 // jaga jana kI vinatI suno, maho jagatagurudeva / jAloM hU~ jaga meM rahU, toloM pAUM seva / / 4 / /

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budhajana satasaI 193 jaga to dInAnAtha ho, maiM hU~ dIna manAtha / praya to dIna na kIjiye, bhalI mina gayo sAtha // 42 / / bAra bAra vinatI kara, mana vadha tana te sohi / parayo rahU tuma carana taTa, so budhi dIje mohi // 43 // aura nAhi jAcU prabhu ye ghara dIje mohi / jolauM siba pahacU nahIM, toloM seU' sohi / / / 4 / / yA saMsAra prasAra meM, tuma hI dekhe sAra / aura sakala rAkheM pakari, prApa nikAsana hAra ! // 45 // yA bhavavana prati sadhana meM, mAraga dIkhe nAhi / tuma kirapA aisI karI, bhAsa gayo mana mahi / / 46 / / je tuma mAraga meM lage, sukhI bhaye se jIva / jina mAraga lIyA nahIM, tIna dukha sIna sadIva / / 47 / / maura sakala svAratha-sage, binA svAratha hI pApa / pApa miTAvata pApa ho, praura bar3hAvata pApa / / 4 // yA prabhuta samatA pragaTa, mApa mAhiM bhagavAna / niMdaka saharSa dusa lahai, baMdaka lahai kalyAna // 4 // tuma vAnI jAnI jikA, prAnI mAnI hoya / sura praracaM saMca subhaga, kalamaSa kAMTe dhoya // 50 // tuma ghyAnI prAnI bhaye, sabameM mAnI hoya / phuli jJAnI aisA bane, nirakha leta saba loya // 51 // tuma darasaka dekhe sakala, pUjaka pUjeM log| sevaM tihi seve amara, mile suraga ke bhoga // 52 // jyoM pArasateM milata hI, kari le bhApa samAna / syoM tuma prapane bhakta koM, kari ho pApa pramAna // 53 // jaisA bhAva kare tisA, tuma se phala mili jAya / taisA pani nirakhaM jisA, sIsA meM darasAya / / 54|| jama pragyAna jAne nahIM, tara dukha lakho atIya / aba jAne mAne hiye, sukhI bhayo lakhi jIva / / 5 / / aise to kahatta na bane, mo ura nivaso pAya / tAte mokU carana taTa, lIce mApa basAya / / 6 / / . ....... . .

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164 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva to so aura na nA milyo, cAya thakyo pahu mora / ye mere gAr3hI gar3hI, tuma hI ho pitacora / / 57 / / bahuta bakasa haravata rahUM, thorI kahI sune na / taraphata dukhiyA dIna lakhi, DhIle raheM banai na // 58|| raTU rAvaro sujasa suni, tArana tarana jihAja / bhava baurata rAkhe rahe, torI morI lAja // 56 // DUbata jalaSi jihAja giri, tAryo nupa zrIpAla / vAhI kirapA kIjiye, vAhI mero hAla // 6 // bina matalaba bahute madhama, tAri daye svayameSa / syoM mero kAraja sugama, kara devana ke deva / / 61 / / mAnasa pate pAna jAri ra svayameva / rayoM mero kAraja sugama kara vevana ke deva / / 2 / / nido bhAvI asa karau nAMhIM kachu paravAha / lagana lagI jAta na tajI, kI jo tuma niravAha / / 63 // tumeM tyAga bhora na bhaja, suniye dInadayAla / mahArAja kI seva taji, seve kauna kaMgAla // 64) jAchina tuma mana mA base, prAnandadhana bhagavAna / / dukha dAvAnala miTa gayo, kInoM pramRtapAna // 65 // to lakhi ura haraSata raha, nAhi pAna kI cAha / / dIkhata sarva samAna se, nIca puruSa nara nAha / / 66 // tuma meM mujha meM bheda yo, aura bheda kachu nAhiM / tuma tana taji parabrahma bhaye, hama dukhiyA tana mAhi // 67 / / jo tuma lakhi nija ko lase, lacchana eka samAna / sudhira bane tyAce kubuSi, so vhai hai bhagavAna // 68 / / jo tumateM nAhIM mile, cala suddhaMda madavAna / so jaga meM mavicala bhrameM, lahe dukhAMkI khAna / / 6 / / pArautAre bhavika baha, deya dharma upadesa / lokAloka nihArike, kInoM siva paravesa // 7 // jo jAMce soI lahai, dAtA atula prazava / va nariMda phaniMda mili, kareM tihArI seva / / 71 / /

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budhajana satasaI moha mahAjodhA prabala, aMcA rAkhata moya / yAM ko hari sudhA karo, sIsa namAU toya // 72 / / moha jora ko harata hai, tuma darasata tuma baina / jaise sara soSana kare, udaya hoya ke aina 173 / / bhramata bhavArNava meM mile, bhApa prapUraba mIta / saMsA nAsyA dukha mayA, sahaje bhayA nacIta / / 74 / / tuma mAtA tuma hI pitA, tuma sajjana sukhadAna / tuma samAna va loka meM, bhaura nAhiM bhagavAna ||7| joga prajoga lasI matI, mo dhyAkula ke bana / karanA kari ke kojiyo, jaise taise paina / 76|| merI parajI tanika sI, bahata ginoge nAya / apanI virada vicArika bahasa gAyiau hAtha | mere prauguna jina ginI, meM promuna ko ghAma / patita udhAraka prApa ho, karo pasita ko kAma |8|| sanI nahIM poja maha, yipati rahI hai ghara / auranike kAraja sare, DhIla kahA mI ra 76 / / sArthavAhI dina jyoM pathika, kimi pahuMce paradesa / tyoM tumase kari haiM bhavika, sivapuri meM paravesa // 20 kevala nirmalajJAnameM, pratibiMbita jaga prAna / janama marana saMkaTa harana, bhaye prApa ratadhyAna / / 1 / / prApatamatalabI tAhite, kaise matalaba hoy| tuma binamatalaba ho prabhu, kara ho matalacha moya / / 2 / / kumati anAdi saMga lagi, moso bhoga racAya / yAko kolo duHkha sahU, dIje sumati jagAya // 53 // bhavavanamAhiM bharamiyo, moha noMdameM soya / karma Thigore Thigata hai, kyoM na bagAvo moya / / 4 / / duHkha dAvAnala meM jalata, ghane kAlako jIva / nirakhata ho samatA milI bhalI sUkhAMsI sIva ||5|| mo mamatA dukhadA tinai, mAnata hUM hisavAna | mo manamAhi usaTi yA, suladAdI, bhagavAna / / 6 // lAbha sarva sAmrAjya kA, vedayatA tuma bhakta / hita pranahita samajha nahIM, tAtai bhaye prasakta / / 7 / /

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196 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva vinayavAna sarvasa lahe, dahe gaI jo gaI / mApa prApameM hI tadapi, vyApa rahe ho savaM // 5 // maiM mohI tuma moha vina, maiM doSI tuma suddha / ghanya pApa mo ghaTa base, nirakhyo nAhi viruddha / / 6 / / meM to kRtakRta praba bhayA, caraNa sarana tuma pAya / sarva kAmanA siddha bhaI, harSa hiye na samAya ||6|| mohi satAvata moha bura, visaya pratAdi prasAdhi / veda bhatAra hakIma tuma, dUra karo yA vyAdhi | paripUrana prabhu visara tuma, namU' na prAna kuThora / jyoM syoM kari mo tAriye, vinatI karu' nihora // 2 // dIna praghama nirabala raTa, suniye prathama udvAra / mere bhauguna jina lakhau, tArau virada citAra' / / 63 // kAnAkara paragaTa virada, bhUle bani hai nAhi / suSi lIje sudha kIjiye, raSTi ghAra mau mAhiM / / 14 // ehi vara mohi dIjiye, jAvU nahiM kachu praura / animipa duga nirakhata rahU sAnta chavI citacora ||6|| yAhi hiyAmeM nAma sukha, karo nirantara vAsa / jauloM basavI agatameM, bharavau tanameM sAMsa ||16|| maiM prazAna tuma guna anaMta, nAhi mAvai bhanta / baMdata maMga mamAma vasu, jAvasIya parajata ||7|| hAri gaye ho nAtha tuma, aSama praneka upAri / dhIre dhIre sahajameM, lIje mohi abAri ||6|| mApa pichAna visuddha hai, pApA ko prakAsa / prApa mApameM thira bhaye, baMdata "budhajana" dAsa || mana murati maMgala basI, mukha maMgala tuma nAma / ehI maMgala kIjiye, parapo rahU tuma SAma / / 10 / / subhASitanIti alapathakI phala de dhanA, uttama puruSa subhAya / dUdha jhara tanako ghara, jyo gokula kI gAya // 101 / / jaMtA kA taMtA kara, madhyama nara sanamAna / ghaTai baI nahi racahU, dharayo koTharai dhAna // 102 / /

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1 budhajana satasaI dIje jetA nA mile, jaghana puruSa kI vAna / jaise phUTe ghaTa dharayo mile pralapa para yAna || 103 || bhalA kiye kari hai burA, durjana sahaja subhAya / pamAna / pa pAyeM viSa deta hai, phaNI mahA saha nirAdara durabacana, deha mAra caura cugala paradArarata lobhI labAra prajAna // 105 // zramara hAri sevA kareM mAnasakI kahA barata / jo jana sIla santoSajula, karaM na parakI chAta // 106 // argAni cora bhupati dipati, Darata rahe dhanavAna | nirdhana nIMda nisaMka le mAne kAphI hAna // 107 // eka parata hUM mita paDhe, to kArTa prajJAna 1 panihAroM ko laMjarsa, sahaja karTa pASAna 12108 pativratA satapuruSa kI gAr3A bIra subhAva / bhUkha sahe vAriva sahai, kareM na hIna upAva // 106 // aura karau vA hita karo, hota sabalateM hAri / mIta ma gaurava ghaTe, zatru bhayaM de mAri // 110 // jAkI prakRti karUra prati, mulakatA hoya lakhe na / bhaje sadA prAcIna pari, saje juddha meM sena / / 1116 / sithila baeNga DhADhasa binA tAkI paiTha garne na kyoM prasiddha ritu saradakI, ambara neku bharaM na // 112 // jatana tha kI narakoM mile, binA jatana le dhAna / vAsana bhari nara pIta hai, pazu pIveM saba thAna / / 113 / / jhUThI mIThI tanakasI, athikI mAneM kauna avasarateM boloM isI jyoM ghATamai nauna / / 114 / / dukhadAya // 104 // jvArI vibhicArInite, haraM nikasate mAlani Dhoke TokarA, chUTe sakhike zrausara lakhikaM boliye, jathA sAvana bhAdauM barasateM, saba hI pArva caina // 116 // bauli uThe bhausara binA, tAkA rahe na mAna jogatA na / jaise kArtika barasate niMdai sakala jahAna / / 117 / / saMgrAma | lAja kAja svarace daraba lAja kAja lAja gayaM sarabasa gayo, lAja puruSa kI mela / khela // / 115 / / mAma // 118 // KTS

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168 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hAnibAI zrAraMmpo dUra kare, dhIra salaja sundara ra yete guna naramAha / / 116 / / parAkramI matimAna | so niramai balavAna // 120 // to raha jAya / / 125 / / prati boleM jyA mAna / J pratimati karI sayAna / / 126 / / udyama sAhasa dhIratA, ete guna jA puruSa maiM, rogI bhogI pAlasI, bahamI haThI ye guna dAridavAnake, sadA rahata asI ghAsa vicArakaM, chato daya chiTakAya / zrachatI milI hAtha nAhi, taba kore raha jAya / / 122 / / vinaya bhakti kara sabalakI, nivala gora sama bhAga | hidU hAya jInA bhalA, baMra sadA dukhavAya / / 123 / / nadItIra ko rUkharA, kari binu aMkuza nAra / rAjAmantrI rahita bigarata lage na bAra / / 124 // mahArAja mahAvRkSakI, sukhadA zItala khAya / sevata phala lAbha na to, chAyA zrati svAnaMta roga hva, prati soyeM dhanahAni hva jhUTha kapaTa kAyara adhika sAhasa caMcala bha ega | gAna salaja prAraMbhanipuna, titha na tupati ratiraMga // 127 // dugu kSuSA laja caugunI, bhraSTa gurtI vivasAya | kAma va guno nArikai, varanyau sahaja subhAya // 128 // paticitahita anugAminI, salaja sIla kulapAla / yA lakSamI jA vara baseM so hai sadA nihAla / / 126 / / krUra kurUpA kalahinI, karakasa baina kaThora | aisI bhUtani bhaugivA~ basiyo narakani ghara / / 130 / / varajye kulakI bAlikA, rUpa kurUpa na jIya | rUpI prakulI parAtI, hIna kahai saba koya // 131 // vipati vIra rana vikramI, sampati kSamA dayAla | kalAkuzala kovida kabI, nyAya nIti bhUpAla / / 132 / / sAMca jhUTha bhASaM suhita hiMsA dayAbhilAkha / prati Amada prati vyaya kareM ye rAjanikI sAkha / / 133 / / sujana sukhI durajama DareM kareM, nyAya prajA paleM pakha nA kareM, zreSTha nRpati ajJAna / bhayavAna / / 121 / / ghana saMgha / guna paMca // 134 //

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budhajana satasaI kAnA ThUMThA pAMgulA, vRddha kubarA bhandha bevArisa pAlana kareM, bhUpati raci parabaMdha ||135|| kupana aisA svAmI sevate kade na hoya haMkArI, vyasanI, haThI, prArasavAna bhRtya na aisA rAkhiye, kareM nRpa cAle sAhI calana, prajA va jA patha jA gajarAja ta, jAta sUra sudhIra parAkramI, saba vAhana asavAra / juddhacatura sAhasi madhura, senAdhIsa udAra / / 136 / / niralobhI sAMcI suvara, nirAnasI mati dhIra / hukamI udamI caukasI, bhaMDArI gaMbhIra // 140 // niralobhI sAMcI nihara, sudha hisAbakaratAra svAmikAmatira prAlasI, nausadI hitakAra / / 141 / / darasa parasa pUcheM kareM, nirana roga rUpAya | pathyApathamaiM nipuna cira, veda catura sukhadAya // / 142 / / z2ukta sauca pAcaka madhura, deza kAla vaya joga / sUpakAra bhojanazvatura, bolai satya manoga / / 143 / / mUr3ha daridrI Ayu laghu, vyasanI lubdha kara nApita nahi dIjiye, jAkA mana magarUra // 144 // sIkha saralako dIjiye, vikaTa mile duHkha hoya | caye sIkha kapiko daI diyoM ghoMsalo khoya // 145 // apanI pakha nahIM toraye, ravi rahiye kari pAhi / karga taMdula susa sahita, tUsa bina UgeM nAhi / / 146 / / prati lolupa prAktake vipadA nAhIM dUra mIna mare kaMTaka phaMse, dauri mAMsa lakhi kUra 147 // bhAvata uThI bhAbara karaM, boleM mIThaM mana / jAteM hilamila baiThanA, jisa pAyeM prati caina / / 148 / / nihAla / / 136 / / ajJAna | manorathahAna // 137 // dA cAla | jUtha gajavAla / / 136 / / bhalA burA lakhiye nahIM, bhAye apane dvAra | madhura bola jasa lIjiye, nAtara ajasa tayAra // 146 // seya jatI ke bhUpati va iva ke puravIja / yA bina aura parakAra jIvataM vara mIca / / 150 // 166

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200 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva nau sulabhAraMbha raci, viga~ nAhi cita dhIra / siMha uThanA murai, kareM parAkrama vIra / / 151 / / indrI kolake, Te kAla vari kavata hita udyama kareM, je haiM catura visekhi / / 1523 / prAtaH uThi ripurtalare vAMTe baMdhuvibhAga | ramani ramana meM prIti prati, kurakaTa jyoM anurAga / 153 / / gur3a maIthuna ca capala saMgraha saje nidhAna / 7 visAsI paramAdasta vAyasa jyauM matiyAna / / 154 / / bahubhyAsI saMtoSajuta, nidrA sthalapa saceta / rana pravIna mana svAna jyauM, citavata svAmI heta / / 155 / / yaha bhAra yo bhAdarthI, sIta uSNa kSata deha / sadA santoSI catura nara, ye rAsaba guna leha // 156 // ToTA lAbha santAta mana, gharamai hIna caritra bhayo kadA apamAna nija bhASe nAhiM vicitra / / 157 // koviMda rahe santoSa viha, bhojana dhana nija dAra / nAhI tupati lagAra / / 1586 / / karata hAra byauhAra / tyAga lAja sudhAra // 156 // sundara juga bharatAra | doya vipramahi homa puni maMtri nRpa masalata karata jAte hota bigAra / / 160 / / paTanadAna tapa karanameM, vidyA saMgraha dhAna ghana apana prayojana sAdhate vAri ani tiya mUr3ha jana, sarpa napUti ruja deva | aMta prAna nAyeM turanta majatana karate saMva || 161 // + gaja prakuNa haya cAbukA, duSTa khar3aga gahi pAna | lakarItaM zraGgIna basi rAkheM buddhivAna / / 162 / / basi kari lobhI deya dhana, mAnIko kari jori / mUrakha jana vikathA vacana, paMDita sAMca nihori / / 163 / / bhUpati vasi he anuga vana, jovala tana dhana nAra / brAhmaNa vasi baMdateM miSThavacana saMsAra / / 164 / / adhika saralatA sukhada nahIM, dekho vipina nihAra / sIdhe viravA kaTi gaye, bAkaM khare hajAra / / 16 / / jo sapUta dhanavAna jo dhanajuta ho vidvAna | saba bAMdhava dhanavAna ke, sarava mIsa dhanavAna || 166 / /

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budhajana sanasaI nahIM mAna kulapurupako, jagata mAna thanavAna / lakhi caDAlake vipula dhana, loka kareM sanamAna ||167 / / sampati ke sanna hI hitU. vipatAmeM saba dUra / sUkhI sara rakhI nameM, se jAte . / / 16 - / / to nAri bhUta baMdhU janA, dArida prAyeM sAthi / phiri prAmada lakhi mAyake, mili haiM cAyAvAMthi / / 166 / / saMpati sAtha ghaTe bar3e, sUrana budhibala dhIra / grISama sara sobhA hare sohevarasasa nIra // 17 // paTabhUSana mohe sabhA, dhana de mohe nAri / khetI hoya daridrateM, sajjana mo manuhAra / / 17 / / dharmahAni saMzleza prati, satra binayakAri hoya / aisA dhana nahIM lIjiye, bhUkhe rahiye soma / / 172 / / ghaura sibhila udamI capala, mUrana sahita gumAna / doSa dhanabake guna kahai, nilaja sarala citavAna / / 173 / / kAma chori so jImaje, nhAje chori hjaar| lAkha chorike dAna kari, japije bArabAra // 174 / / guru rAjA naTa bhaTa banika, kuTanI ganikA thAna / inale mAyA mata karo, paM mAyAkI khAna / / 17 / / khoTI saMgati mati karo, pakaro guru kA hAtha / karo nirantara dAna puni, lakho prathira saba sAtha // 176 / / napa secAteM naSTa duja, nAri naSTa bina sIla / ganikA naSTa santosate, bhUpa naSTa citta DIla ||177 / / nAhIM tapasi muda mana, nahI sUra kRtaghAva | nahIM satI tima madyapA, phunijI gAna subhAva // 17 // suta ko janma vivAhaphala, atithidAna phala geha / janma suphala guru se paThana, tajiyo rAga saneha / / 176 / / jahAM tahAM tiya mAhiye, jahAM tahAM suta hoya / ekamAtasuta bhrAta bahu, mile na duralabha soya ||10|| nija bhAI niraguna bhalI, paragunajuta kihi kAma | mAMgana taru niraphala jadapi, chAyA rAkha pAma / / 181 // nisi meM dIpaka candramA, dina meM dIpaka sUra / sarva loka dIpaka gharama, kula dIpaka suta sUra / / 12 / /

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202 after buSajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva mI daI sara nahIM, kare rena dina sora | pUta nahIM vaha bhUta hai, mahA pApa phala ghora / / 123 / / sumaka eka ta saghanavana, jurata deta jarAya | syoM hI putra pavitra kula, kubuddhi kalaMka lagAya / / 184 tisanA tuhi pranapati karU, gaurava deta nibAra / jAcaka vali ke dvAra ||15|| khusI hota hai loka | rIta paMDita thoka // 186 // | prabhu prAya vAcana bhaye, miSTa vacana dhana dAnatai samyagjJAna pramAna suni agati kATha saritA udadhi, jIvanatai jamarAja | mRga nenani kAmI puruSa tRpati na hota mijAz2a / / 187 / / dArivajuta hu mahata jana, karane lAyaka kAja // sabhaga hastI jadapi, phori karata girirAja // 188 // daI hota pratikula jaba udyama hota prakAja | mUsa piTAro kATiyo, gayo sarapa kari khAja // 186 // bAhya kaThina bhItara narama, sahajana jana kI bAna | kA bAta ||12|| bAhya narama bhItara kaThina, bahuta jagatajana jAna / / 160 / / cAhe Rchu ho jA karU, hAre vibudha vicAri / hota bateM ho jAya hai, buddhi karama anusAri / / 11 / / jAke sukha meM sukha lahaiM, vipra mitra kula bhrAMta | tAhIko jIvo suphala, piTa bhara kI hue hoge, subhaTa saba, kari kari ke upAya / tisanA khAni pragASi hai, kyoM bhojana guru pravasesa jo jJAna hita parokha kAraNa kirma, gharamI kAla jivAvaM jIva kIM, kAla kare saMhAra | bhari na jAya // 163 // kAla sudAya jagAya hai, kAla cAla vikarAla / / 165 / / kAla karA de mitratA, kAla karAde rAra / kAla khepa paMDita kareM, ulabhaM nipaTa gaMvAra / / 166 / / vaida kauna sAMpa darza de dipa gayA, merI kara chuTi gayA, baladhana meM siMha na laseM, paMDita la na mUDhamaiM hai bina rahita kalApa // 164 // ke lakhi pIra / ghari sakai dhIra // 167 // nA kAgana meM haMsa / yakhara meM na prasaMsa ||16||

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budhajana satasaI hayagaya lohA kATi puni nArI puruSa pakhAna basana ratana bhotanI maiM prabhvara adhika vimAna // 136 // satya dIpa bAtI kSamA, sIla tela saMjoya / nipaTa jatanakari dhAriye pratibiMbita saba hoya // 200 // paradhana paratiya kA cite, saMtoSAmRta rAci taM sukhiyA saMsAra meM, tinako bhaya na kadAci // 201 || raMka bhUpapadavI lahai, bhUrata suta vidvAna | zradhA pAtraM vipula dhana, gine tRnA jyoM mAna // 202 // vidyA vipama kuziSyako viSa kupathIkoM vyAdhi | taruni viSa sama buddhako dAri prIti prasAdhi || 203 || suci asuci nAhi garna, ginaM na nyAya anyAya / pApa punya ko nA girna, bhUsA milai su khAya / / 204 / / ; eka bhAta ke suta bhaye eka mate nahi koya / jaise kAMTe aura ke, bAMke, sIdhe hoya / / 205|| dekhi uThe Adara kareM, pUche hila taM bAta / jAnA jAnA tAhikA, nita navahita sarasAla || 206 || zrAdi zranapa mavi dhanI, pada pada baghatI jAya / saritA jyoM satapuruSa hita, kyoM hUM nAhi zrathAya // 207 // guDi kahanA guDi pUchanA denA lenA rIti / khAnA ApakhavAvanA SaTavidhivadhi hai prIti // 208 // vidyA mitra videza meM dharma mIta hai anta / nAri mitra ghara ke viSaM vyAdhi auSadhi mita ||20|| nRpahita jo virajA hita, pirajA hita nRparoSa | doDa, sama sAdhana kareM, so zramAtya niradoSa / / 210 // pAya capala adhikAra phauM, zatru mitra sauma toSa poSa binA, tAka hai nikaTa rahe sevA kare, lapaTata hoya khusyAla | I dIna hIna lakhate nahIM, pramadA latA munAla // 212 // parivAra / dhikkAra / / 211 / / aisA bhUpati saMvata hota ApakI hAna | ri parakramI kobida jilapi, sevAvida vidvAna ||293 // 203

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva parAkramI kovida milapi, sevAvida vidvAna / aise soheM bhuSa ghara, nahi pratipAsa pAna / / 214 / / bhUpa tuSTa se karata hai, icchA pUrana mAna / tAkai kAja kUlIna hU, karata prAna kuravAna / / 215 / / buddhi parAkrama vapu bali, udyama sAhasa pIra / sakA mAne deva hU, aisA lakhike vIra // 266 / / rasanA rAkhi marajAdi tU, bhojana bacana pramAna / prati bhogati prati bolateM, mihadai hohe hAna // 217 / / vana vasi phala bhastriyo bhalo, mInata bhalI ajAna / bhalo nahIM basibo tahAM, jahAM mAnajhI hAna // 218 / / jahAM kachuvApati nahIM, hai Adara vA dhAma / dhore dina rahiye tahAM sukhI rahe parinAma / / 216 / / udyama karivI taja diyau, indrI roki nAhi / paMtha calai bhUglA rahe, te dukha pAI hiM 11? samaya dekhikaM bolanA, nAtari mAchI mauna / mainA suka pakara jagata, bugalA pakara kauna / / 111 / / jAkA durajana kyA kareM, chamA hAtha tarabAra / vinA tinAkI bhUmipara, pAgi bujhaM lAga bAra 1 // 222 / / para upadesa karana nipuna, te ko lakhe aneka / karai samika boleM samika, je hajAra meM eka / / 223! / modhata zAstra subudhi sahita, kubudhi boSa lahai na / dIpa prakAsa kahA kare, jAke andhe naina / 224 // bigar3e kare pramAdateM, bigar3e nipaTa ajJAna / bigar3e pAsa phuvAsa meM, sudharai saMga sujAna / / 225 / / vRddha bhaye nArI mare, putra hAtha dhana hota / vadhU hAtha bhojana mileM, jIna leM para mauta / / 226 / / dAra dhAta pakhAna meM, nAhiM virAja deva / devabhAva bhAyeM bhalA, phalaM labha svayameva / / 2273 / tisanA dukhako khAni hai, naMdanavana saMtoSa / hisA baMdhakI dAyinI, krodha kU jamarAja / / 22 / / lobha pApako bApa hai, krodha kUra amarAja / mAyA viSakI bailarI, mAna viSama girirAja // 226 / /

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budhajana satasaI 205 vivasAIte dUra kyA, ko videza vidvAna / kahA bhAra samaratha ko, miSTa kaI ko prAna / / 23 / / bulakI sobhA sIta, tana sohai gunagAna / par3hivI sohai sidhi bhaya, dhana sohai dai dAna / / 231 / / asaMtoSi duma bhraSTa hai, saMtoSI nupa hAna / niralA kulatiya adhama, manikA salaja na jAna / / 232 // kahA kara mUrakha catura, jo prabhuha pratikUla / hari hala hAre jatanakari, jare javU niramUla / / 233 / / khatI lakhiye prApta uThi, madhyAnai lakhi yeha / aparAnha dhana nirakhiye, nita suta lali kari neha / / 234 / / vidyA diyaM kuziSyakoM, kara suguru apakAra / lAkha lar3Avo bhAna jA, khosi laya adhikAra / / 23 / / nA jAne kulazIlakAke, na kIja biemA / tAta mAta jAta duHkhI, tAhi na rakhiye pAsa / / 236 / / ganikA jogI bhUmipati, vAnara mAhi maMjAra / inata rAkhaM mitratA, paraM prAna uramAra // 237 / / para panahI bhraSTu khIra go pauSadhi bIja prahAra / jyoM lAbha tyo lIjiye, kIje dukha parihAra ||238 / / napati nipuna anyAya maiM, lomanipuna paridhAna / cAkara corI meM nipuna, kyoM na prajA kI hAna / / 236 / / dhana kamAya anyAya kA, vRSa daphA thiratA pAya / ra hai kadA SoDasa gharasa, to samUla nasa jAya / / 240 / / gAr3I taru go udadhi vana, kaMda kUpa girirAja / duraviSamaiM nau jIvakA, jIvo kareM ilAja / / 241 / / jAta kula zomA laI, so sapUta vara eka / bhAra bhara ror3I care, gardabha bhaye aneka / / 242 / / dudharahita ghaMTAsahita, gAya mola kyA pAya / tyauM mUrakha ATopakAra, nAhi sughara A~ jAya // 24 // kokila pyArI vanata, pati anugAmi nAra / nara baravidyAjuta sudhara, tapa ura kSamA vicAra / / 244!! dUri basata nara dUta guna, bhUpati deta milAya / dAMki dUri rakhi ketakI, bAsa pragaTa ha jAya / / 245 / /

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206 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva susaka sAsakA asana vara, nirajanavana vara dAsa / dIna bacana kahivo na vara, jo lauM tanamaiM sAMsa / / 246 / / ekAkSaradAtAra guru, jo na ginaM vinajJAna / so caMDAla bhaSako lahai, tathA homagA svAna / / 947 / / sukha duHstra karatA mAna hai, yo kubuddhivaddhAna / karatA tere kRtakarama, maiTa kyoM na ajJAna ||248 / / sukha duHkha vidyA prAyu dhana, kula bala vitta adhikAra / sAya garbhameM avatara, deha gharI jihi bAra // 24 // bana ripu jala pragani giri, ruja nidrA mada mAna / inamai puna rakSA kara, nAhIM rakSaka prAna // 25 // durAcAri tiya kalahinI, kiMkara kura kaThora / sarasa sAya basibo sadana, mRta samAna daHkha ghora // 251 / / saMpati narabhava nA rahai, rahai doSagunacAta / rahai ju banamai bAsanA, phUla phUla jhari jAta // 252 / / eka tyAgi kula rAkhiye, mAma rAkhi kula tori / / grAma tyAgive rAjahita, dharma rAkha saba chori 1253 // nahi vidyA nahi mitratA, nAhIM dhana sanamAna / / nahIM nyAya nahiM lAja bhaya, tajo vAsa tA thAna // 254 / / kiMkara jI kAraja kara, bAMdhava jo duHkha sAtha / nArI jo dArida sahai, pratipAlaM sau nAtha / / 255 / / nadI nakhI gInimeM, spAni nara nAri / bAlaka para rAjAna viMga, basiye jatana vicAra // 256|| kAmIko kAmini milana, vibhavamAhi rucidAna / bhojazakti bhojana vividha, tapa atyanta phala jAna / / 257 / / kikara hukamI suta vibudha, tiya anugAmini jAsa / vibhava sadana nahi roga tana ye hI suraganivAsa / / 258 / / putra bahe pitubhakta jo, pitA yaha pratipAla / nAri vahai jo pativratA, mitra vahe dila mAla // 256 / / jo haMsatA pAnI piye, calatA khAvaM khAna / / hU~ batarAvata jAta jo, so saTha DhITa prajAna // 260 / / tetA prAraMbha ThAniye, jetA tana mai jora / tenA pAMca pamAriya. jetI lAMbI sora / / 261 / /

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budhajana satasaI vahate paraprAnana hare, sahate da:khI pukAra / bahate paradhana tiya hara, birale cala vicAra ||262 / / karma dharma birale nipuna, birale dhana dAtAra ! birale sata bole khare, ghirale paradukha TAra // 26 // giri giri prati mAnika nahIM, vana vana caMdana nAhi / udadhi sArise sAjana, Thora Thaura nA pAhiM / / 264 / / paragharavAsa yidesapatha, murakha mIta milApa / jIvanamAhiM daridratA, kyoM na hoya saMtApa // 26 // dhAma parAyA vastra para, parasamyA paranAri / garapari basiyo adhama ye tyA vibudha bicAri // 266 / / hunnara hAtha anAlasI, paDhino karivI mIta / sIla, paMca nidhi ye akhaya, sakhe rahI najIta / / 267 / / kaSTa samaya ranake samaya, durabhikha para bhaya dhor|| durajanakRta utasarga meM, bacce vibudha kara jora / / 268 // dharama lahai nahiM duSTa citta lobhI jasa kima pAya / / bhAgahIna ko lAma nahiM nahiM prauSadhi gata pAya / / 266 / / duSTa milata hI sAdhu jana, nahIM duSTa hai jAya / candana taru ko sapaM lagi, viSa nahIM deta banAyA / / 270 / soka harata hai buddhi ko, soka harata hai dhIra / / soka harata hai dharma ko soka na kIje vIra // 271 / / masva supata gaja masta Dhiga, nara bhItara ranavAsa / prathama vyAyalI gAya dIga, gaye prAna kA nAsa / / 272 / / bhUpati visatI pAhunA, jAcaka bar3a jamarAja / meM para dukha jova nahIM, kIyo cAhe kAya // 273 / / minala janama lenA kiyA, dharma na artha na kAma / / so kuca grajake phaTha meM, upaje gaye nikAma / / 274 / / saratA nahi karatA rahau, artha dharma para kAma / tina tar3akA hU~ vaTi rahyA, citako prAtama rAma 275 / / ko svAmI mama mitra ko, kahA deza meM rIta / kharaca kritA prAmada kitI, sadA citavI mIta / / 276 / / vamana karata kapha miTeM, maradana meTai bAta / snAna kiye se pita miTe, saMghana se jura jAta / / 277 / /

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kor3ha mAMsa vRta juraviSa, sUla hidala yo dhAra / draga rogI mathuna tajI, navI dhAna pratisAra / / 678 | anadAtA sAtA vipata, hitadAtA gurujAna / zrApa pitA phuni dhAyapati, paca pitA pahicAna / / 276 / / gurarAnI nRpakI tiyA, bahuri mitrakI joya / patinI-mA nijamAtajuta, mAta pAMca vidhi hoya / 280 / / dhasana cheda tAr3ana tapana, subaranakI pahicAna / dayAsIla zrU ta tapa gunani, jAnyA jAta sujAna / / 21 // jampa homa pUjana kriyA, vedattatvavaddhAna / karana ranameM ni, duja purIta gaNavAna / / 282 / / bhalI burI citameM basasa, nirakhata le ura dhAra / somavadana vaktA catura duta svAmihitakAra // 23 // yAhIta sukulInatA, bhUpa kareM adhikAra / prAvi madhya avasAnameM, karate nAhiM vikAra // 24 // duSTa tiyAkA poSaNA, bharasakoM samajhAya / varIta kAraja para, kauna nAhi duHkha pAya / / 285 / / dAridamai duravisanama, durabhita phUni ripughAta / rAjadvAra samasAnamaiM, sAtha rahai sau nAta // 26 // dAridamai duravisanameM, durabhikha phuni ripuvAta / rAjadvAra samasAnamai, sAtha rahai so bhrAta / / 27 / / sapaM duSTa jana do buraM, tAmai duSTa bisekha / duSTa jatanakA lekha nahiM, sarpa jatanakA lekha / / 288 / / nAhIM ghana bhUSana vasana, paMDita jadapi kurupa / sudhara sabhAmai yoM lasaiM, jaise rAjata bhUpa / / 286 / / snAna dAna tIratha kiye, kevala punya upAya / eka pitAkI ko bhaktita, tIna varga mili jAya / / 260 / / jo kudeva ko pujikai, cAhe zubha kA mela / sau bAlUkoM pailika, kAdamA pAhai tela / / 291 / / dhika vidhavA bhUSana sajai vRddha rasika dhika hoya / dhik jogI bhogI rahai, suta dhika par3e na kAya / / 262 / / nArI dhani jo sIlajuta, pati dhani rati nijanAra / nIti nipuna nupati pani, saMpatti dhani dAtAra / / 263 / /

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budhajana satasaI 206 rasanA ramni marajAda tU' bhogate bolata bola / bahu bhojana bar3a bolata pariTai, sirapaM dhola // 264 / / jo cAho apanA bhalA, to na satAvo koya / nRparkai durasIsate, roga sauga bhaya hoya / / 265 / / hisaka jai Tupi bana bama, hari ahi jIva bhayAna / {phira) baila haya garaghavA, gaU maMsa sukhadAna / / 266 / / vara proti prabakI kari, parabhaSamai mili jAya / nibala sabala haiM ekasaM, daI karata hai nyAya // 267 / / saMskAra jinakA bhalA, Uce kula ke pUta / taM sunika sulaTa jalada, jase kanyA mUta // 26811 pahale caukasa nA karI, bar3hata visanamaMjhAra / raMga majITha chUTa nahIM, kIye jatana hajAra // 296 / / jo duravalako poSi haiM, dukhate deta bacAya / tAte napa ghara janama le, sIdhI saMpatti pAya / / 300 // iti subhASitanIti adhikAra xxx x x x x x x pantima bhAga virAga bhAvanA guru bina jJAna mila nahIM, pharI atana kina koya / vinA sikhAye minakha to, nAhiM tira sake toya / / 644 / / jo pustaka par3hi saukha hai, gurukauM pUcha nAhi / so sobhA nAhiM sahai, jyauM napha haMsAmAhi // 645 / / guranukUla bAla mahi, cAla sute sUbhAya / so nahiM pArya thAnoM, bhavavanamai bharamAya / / 646 / / phleza miTai pAnaMda bar3ha, lAmai sugama upAya ! gurukauM pUchira cAlatA, sahaba dhAna mila jAya // 647 / / tana mana dhana sukha saMpadA, gurupaM dAru bAra / bhava samudratai DUbA, guru hI kADhanahAra // 64 / /

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210 parisara budhajana : pariva evaM pratispa svAraNa ke saba jana hitU, dhina svAratha saja deta / nIca UMca nirasa na guru, jIvajAsate haita / / 646 / / byAta parai hita karata haiM, tAta mAta muta bhrAta / sadA sarvadA hita kara gurake mukhakI bAta / / 650 // guru samAna saMsAramaiM, mAta pitA suta nAhi / guru to tAra sarvathA, e boreM bhavamAhiM / / 651 // guru upadeza lahai binA, prApa kuzala hra jAta / tai prajAna kyoM TAri hai, karI catura kI bAta 5652 / / jahAM tahAM mili jAta hai, saMpatti tira, suta bhrAta / bar3e bhAgate ati kaThina, suguru kahIM mila jAta // 653 // pustaka mAMtrI ikagunI, gurumukha guni hajAra / tAta bar3e talAzata, sunije pacana ucAra // 654 // guru vAnI amRta jharata, pI lInI chinamAhi / pramara bhayA tatakhina sutI, phira bukha pAvai nAhiM / / 655 / / bhalI bhaI naragati, milI suna sugurukai baina / dAha miTyA urakA parva, pAya laI cita caina / / 656 / / kogha vapana gurukA jadapi, tadapi surkhAkari dhAma / / jaise bhAnu dopahara kA, sotalatA parinAma / / 65 / / paramArathakA guru hitU, svArathakA saMsAra / saba mili moha bar3hAta hai, suta liya phikara yAra / / 658 / / tIratha tIratha kyoM phira, tIratha to ghaTamAhiM / jai yirahae so tira gaye, prathira tIratha hai nAhiM / / 656 / / phona deta hai manuSa bhava, kauna deta hai rAja / yA pahacAne binA, azA karatA ilAja // 66 // prAta dharma phuni arparuci, kAma karai nisi seva / vayaM niraMtara mokSa mana, sau puruSa mAnuSa nahiM deva !!669 / / saMtoSAmRta pAna kari, je haiM samatAvAna | tinake sukha sama dhukoM, anaMta bhAga, nahiM jAna // 66 // lobha mUla hai pApakA, bhoga mali hai mAdhi / heta ju mUla kalezako, tihUM tyAgi sukha sAdhi / / 663 // hiMsAtai vaM pAtakI, pAtakate narakAma / naraka nikasikai pAtakI saMtati kaThina miTAma / / 664 / /

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budhajana satasaI hisakako bairI jagata, koI na kareM sahAya / badana cilati hara koI apane bhAva bigAr3a nihaveM lAgata pApa bacAya / / 665 / / , para akAja to ho na ho, hota jito pApa citacAsoM, jIva bhAraMbha udyamako karata, tAla dhorI joya / / 667 / / kalaMkI Apa // 666 // sattAe homa ye hiMsA ke bheda hai, cora cugala vibhicAra krodha kapaTa mada lobha phuni, prAraMbha prasata ucAra // 666 // cora Darai nidrA tarja kara hai khoTa upAya / naraka jAye / / 666 // nRpa mAre mAre banI, parabhI chAna para - cugalI kareM, ujjala se to bugalA sArikhe, para akAja lAja dharma bhaya nA kareM, kAmI maina bhAnajI nIcakula, inake nAhi viveka // 1671 / / na zrApa bigAra / kukara eka / nIti nIti lakhe nahi, lakha para jAe~ mApanA jarI, kroSa pragatiko bhAra / / 672 // garabIle manamAhi | mArayameM nAhi / / 673 || kula vyohArakoM taja diyA, zravasi pareMge kRpa se meSa banAya / kari khAMya || 670 // je mana meM rAkha phera / tana sUdhe sUdhe vacana pragati DhakI to kyA huvA, jArata karata na bera / / 674 / / bAhira cugi zukra ur3a gaye, te tI phira khuspAla | ati lAlaca bhItara ghase, te zurU ula jAla / / 675 || prAraMbha bina jIvana nahIM, AraMbhamAhi pApa tAta prati taji alapasoM ko binA vilApa / / 676 // prasata vaina nahi boliye, tAteM hota bigAra ve asatya naha satya hai, jAte haeN upakAra ||677 || krodhi lobhI kAmI madI, cAra sUjhate praMdha / inakI saMgati chor3iye, nahi kIjai sanabaMdha || 678 || jhaU julama jAlima jabara, jalada jaMgamaiM jAna / jaka na paraM jagameM prajasa, jUmrA jahara samAna / / 672 / / jArko chobata catura nara, DareM kareM hai nhAna | isA mAsakA grAsateM, kyoM nahi karo gilAna / / 680 / / 211

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212 kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva madirAta madamatta hUM, madata hota prajJAna / jJAna vinA suta mAtakauM, kahai bhAminI bhAna // 681 / / gAna tAna le mAnake, hare jJAna dhana prAna / surApAna plakhAnoM, ganikA racata kudhyAna // 682 / / tina lA bAhai na dhana, nAge kAMge jAna / nAhaka kyoM mAra inheM saba jiya grAma samAna // 683 / / napa hara maha janama, khaMDe dharma jJAna / kula lAja bhAjai hitU, visana dukhAMkI khAna / / 684 / / bar3e sIkha' vakabauM kareM, visanI le na viveka / jaMsa vAsana cIkanA, bUda na lAga eka // 65 // mAra lobha pucakArata, visanI tarja na phaila / se TaTTa aTakalA, cale na sIdhI gaisa / / 686 / / uparale manata kareM, disanI ana kulakAja / babbA surata bhUla najyauM, kAja karata rikhi rAja 11687 / / visana halAhalata adhika, kyoMkara sela prajJAna / yisana bigADai doya bhava, jahara harai aba prAna ||8|| narabhava kArana mukta jhA, cAhata indra phanida / tAko khovata visanamai, so nidana meM niMda / / 6 / / konai pApa pahArase, koTi janamameM bhUra / apanA anubhava banasama, kara DArai dhakadhUra // 690 / / hitakaranI dharanI sujasa, mayaharanI sukhakAra / saranI bhavadadhiko dayA, baranI SaTamata sAra / / 661 / / dayA karata sautAsa sama, guru nupa bhAta samAna / dayArahita ja hiMsakI, hari mahi agani pramAna / / 662 / / paMtha sanAtana cAlaje, kahanaM hitamita baina / apanA iSTa na chor3ane, sahtaM caina pracana / / 663 / / jaiso gAr3hI visana meM taso brahma sauM hoya / janama janama ke apa kiye pala maiM nAkhaM ghoya // 66 // iti virAga bhAvanA

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budhajana satasaI kavi prazasti madhi nAyaka sirapaMca jyoM jaMpura madhidvAra | nRpa jayasiMha suriMdra tahRAM pirajAko hitakAra / / 665 // koneM budhajana sAsa, sugana subhASita haira / sunata par3hata samajhaiM sarava, hare kubuddhikA phera 666 / / saMvata ThArAsa prasI, eka varasa ghATa | jaMTha kRSNa ravi ghaSTamI, huba satasaI pATha / / 667 / / punya harana ripu-kaSTaka, punya harata ruja vyAdhi / punya karata saMsAra sukha, punya niraMtara sASi / / 668 / / bhUkha sahI dArida sahI sahI loka apakAra | nida kAma tuma mati karo, mahu~ graMthako sAra / / 666 // grAma nagara gar3ha dezamai rAja prajA ke gaihra / punya gharama hovau kareM, maMgala raho zramu~ha // 700 // nA kAhUkI preranA, nA kAhU ko bhAsa / apanI mati sIkhI karana, varanyo caranavilAsa ||701 / iti budhajana satasaI samApta 213

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anukramaNikA saMdharbha grantha 1. apabhraMza bhASA ra sAhitya kI 27 purAtatva nibaMdhAvalI / 25. banArasIdAsa | zodha pravRttiyAM | 2. pranekAnta / 26. bAraha bhAvanA | 3. AdIzvara phAgu / 30. budhajana -bilAsa / 4. Adhunika hindI kavitA kI 31. budhajana satasaI / bhUmikA | 5. iSTa chatIsI / 6. uttarI bhArata kI saMta paraMparA / 7. kRSNa jagAvana caritra / 8. guru gopAladAsa bareyA smRti graMtha / 9. chhddhaalaa| 10. jinavANI | 11. jinopakAra smaraNa stotra ! 12. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa | 13. ToDaramala vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 14. tatvArtha bodha | 15. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga-4 16. tulasI / 17. doghabAvanI / 18. nitya pUjana pATha sNgrh| 16. naMdIzvara jayamAlA | 20. padAvalI / 21. pada saMgraha / 22. paramAtma prakAza 23. pravacana nirdezikA | 24. paMcAstikAya / 25. prAcIna hindI jaina kavi / 26. prAcIna hindI nItikAvya | 32. bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa | 33. bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi / 34. bhASAzAstra tathA hindI kI rUparekhA / 35. madhyakAlIna kavi aura unakA kAvya / 36. madhyapahAr3I kA bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana / 37. mokSamArga prakAzaka / 38. yogasAra bhASA / 36. rAmacarita mAnasa / 40. varNI vANI / 41. 42. vidyApati / mAnapurA / sucanikA // 43. vimala jinezvara kI stuti / 44. vaMdanA jakhar3I 1 45. saMtasudhA sAra / 46. saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna | 47. hindI pada saMgraha / 48. hindI udbhava vikAsa aura rUpa / 46. hindI bhASA / 50. hindI jaina bhakti kabi 1 kASya aura

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215 anukramaNikA 51. hindI jana sAhitya kA saMkSipta 56. hitaiSI (patrikA) itihAsa / 57. hindI meM nIti kAgya kA vikAsa / 52. hindI bhASA kI ruuprekhaa| 58. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa tR. 53. hindI jana sAhitya parizIlA mA sNskrnn| 56. hindI sAhitya kA pahad itihApta / 54. hindI caniyA aura unakA uccA-60, hindI sAhitya prathama khaMDa / rnn| 61. hindI sAhitya / 55. hindI nItikAvya / 62. hindI sAhitya kA prabhAva / patra-patrikAe~ 1. ahiMsAvANI 2. anekAnta 3. jinavANI 4, jana saMdeza zoSAMka 5. vidyA bhAskara 6, vIra pANI 7 sanmati saMdeza 8. hitaiSI 6. hindustAnI mAsika bIra sevA maMdira, dariyAgaMja dillI dillI jayapura dillI ilAhAbAda jayapura dillI jayapura ilAhAbAda

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva anukramaNikA prantha evaM kavi (hindI) prA 1. zrA, ne. upAdhye 20. nagendra 2. mAnanda prasAda dIkSita saMpAdaka 21. narendra bhAnAvata 3. AryikA jJAnamatI 22. nAthUlAla zAstrI 4. udayanArAyaNa tivArI (anuvAdaka) 23. nemicandra jyotiSAcArya 24. nAthUrAmajI premI 5. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla 6. kAkA kAlelakara 25. paramAnanda zAstrI 7. kAmatA prasAda jaina 26. parazurAmaH caturvedI 8. phaizanI prasAda caurasiyA 27. pAMDeya zambhunAtha 6. kalAzacaMda sikhAMta zAstrI 26. premasAgara jaina 10. gaNeza vaNIM 11. govinda cAtaka 26. phUlacanda sikhAMta zAstrI 12. caTarjI 60. banArasIdAsa 31. budhajana 32. brahmagulAla 13. jagadIza prasAda 14. jyoti prasAda 33, bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa 34. bholAnAtha tivArI bhUdharadAsa-2 15. ToDaramalajI 16 tulasIdAsa 35. mAtA prasAda gupta 36. maMgatarAya 17. devendrakumAra zAstrI 18. daulatarAma 16. ghAtatarAma 37. rAjakumAra jaina sAstrI 38. rAjanArAyaNa zarmA

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anukramaNikA 46. vizvezvara prasAda 36, rAjakumArI mizra 40. rAmacandra zukla 41, rAmasvarupa rasikeza 42. ravIndra kumAra jaina 43. rAhula sAMskRtyAyana 46. zyAma sundara dAsa 50. sukhadeva mizna 44. DA. lAlabahAdura zAstrI 45. vidyApati 46. biyogIhari 47. vAsudeva zAraNa agravAla 51. hajArI prasAda dvivedI 52. hanumAna prasAda zarmA 53, hIrAlAla mijAsa zAstrI 54. hukamacanda bhArilla saMskRta saMsAta 1. mAzApara 2. umAsvAmI 3. jinasena 4. pAriNani 5. pUjyapAda 6. rAjamala 7. vAdImasiMha 5. vIranandi 6. mamanta bhadra anagAra dharmAsRta tatvArthasUtra mahApurANa siddhAMta kaumudI, maSTAdhyAyI sarvArthasiddhi paMcAdhyAyI kSetra-cUr3AmaNi caMdra prabhU caritra ranakaraNDa thAvakAcAra prAkRta prAkRta 1. mundakunda 2. nemicaMdra prapatra 1. pevasena muni 2. rAmasiMha muni rayaNasAra dravya saMgraha apanA sAvaya pamma pohA dohA pAha

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kavivara budhajana : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva aMgrejI aMgrejI 1. jArja e griyarsana ligvisTika sarva prApha iNDiyA -. 2. je. sI. pAbja dI mIniMga praoNpha kalcara 3. karnala TaoNDa rAjasthAna kA itihAsa 4. robarTa e. haoNla inTroDakTarI ligvisTiksa 5. pra-kembrija yunivarsiTI e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana DaoN0 dAsa eNDa gupta philAsaphI budhajana kA ullekha-vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM 1. duSajana satasaI-paM. nAthUrAma premI, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, bambaI / 2. hindI meM nItikAvya kA vikAsa pR. 550 DaoN. rAmasvarUpa, dillI pustaka sadana dillii| 3. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi pu. 562-63 DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana / 4. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa pR. 167, DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prakAzana / 5. pradhyAtma padAvalI pR. 111 DaoN. rAjakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665 / 6. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paraMparA bhAga-4 pR. 288 DaoN. nemIcaMdra zAstrI a. bhA. di. jaina vidvata pariSada, sAgara /