Hindi Jain Sahitya Parishilan Part 02

Author(s): Nemichandra Shastri
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010039/1

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana / [ bhAga 2] / zrI nemicandra zAstrI MAHIRINA bhAratIya jJAna pITha kA zo

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jJAnapITha - lokodaya- zranthamAlA - sampAdaka aura niyAmaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina, ema0 e0 prakAzaka ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya mantrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha durgAkuNDa roDa, banArasa prathama saMskaraNa 1956 I0 mUlya DhAI rupaye " mudraka omaprakAza kapUra jJAnamaNDala yantrAlaya kabIracaurA, banArasa, 4807 (ba)-12

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BRENTINA 000140 AdaraNIya zrImAn paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke karakamaloM meM sAdara samarpita zraddhAvanata nemicandra zAstrI

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yaha pustaka nimna dinAka taka yA usake pUrva lauTAnI

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do zabda sAhitya hI mAnavatAkA poSaka aura utthApaka hai| jisa sAhityame yaha guNa jitane adhika parimAName pAyA jAtA hai, vaha sAhitya utanA hI adhika upAdeya hotA hai| jaina sAhityameM Atmazodhaka tatvoMkI pracuratA hai, yaha vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI prakArake jIvanako unnata banAnekI pUrNa kSamatA rakhatA hai| ataH jaina sAhityako kevala sAmpradAyika kahanA nitAnta bhrama hai| yadi kisI dharmavizeSake anuyAyiyo-dvArA race gaye sAhityako sAmpradAyika mAnA jAya to phira zAkuntala, uttararAmacarita, rAmacaritamAnasa aura padmAvata jaisI sArvajanIna kRtiyA~ bhI sAmpradAyika sImAse mukta nahIM kI jA skegii| ataH vizvajanIna sAhityakA mApadaNDa yahI hai ki jo sAhitya samAna rUpase mAnavako udbuddha kara sake, jisameM mAnavatAko anuprANita karanekI pUrNa kSamatA ho tathA jisake dvArA AnandAnubhUti sambhava ho ske| jaina sAhityame ina sArvajanIna bhAvo aura vicArokI kamI nahIM hai / satya akhaNDa hai, yaha kisI dharmavizeSake anuyAyiyoMke dvArA vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI sAhityame eka hI akhaNDa bhAvadhArA pravAhita hotI huI dikhalAyI par3atI hai| bheda kevala rUpamAtrakA hai / jisa prakAra kUpa, sarovara, saritA aura samudrake jalame jalarUpase samAnatA hai, antara kevala AdhAra yA upAdhikA hai, usI prakAra sAhityame eka hI zAzvata satya anusyUta hai, cAhe vaha jaioM-dvArA likhA gayA ho, cAhe bauddhoM dvArA athavA vaidikoM dvaaraa| kisI dharmavizeSake anuyAyiyoM dvArA racita honese sAhityameM sAmpradAyikatA nahIM A sktii| sAhityakA prANa satya sabake lie eka hai, vaha akhaNDa hai aura zAzvata /

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parigIlana maundarya mI mAle lie samAna hI hotA hai| eka sundara vastuko dekhakara nI mamAna AhATa hotA hai| hA~, itanI bAta avazya hai ki saundaryAgunilimahadaya honakI AvazyakatA hai / yadyapi prakRtimedase eka hI bandra mina-bhinna prAraka guNa yA durguNa utpanna karatI hai, phira bhI usakA uttama mara lie namAna hI hotA hai| sAhityameM bheda karaneke artha I, panavatA bheTa paranA / ataeva hindI jana sAhityakA adhyayana, anumana aura vicana bhI umana hindI sAhityake samAna honA caahie| sya AlevarI dRSTile yaha vaipanyakatA pardA ojhala nahIM hogA, taba sAhitya kSetrameM eka yakhAddha mAmAjya sthApita nahIM ho sktaa| pranTuta hindI-jana-gahitya-parizIlanameM mAtra sAhityako zRkhalAko saMdanA mAyAna diyA hai| yataH yaha sAhitya aba taka AlocakoM hAga maMdita rahA hai| aba samaya aisA prastuta hai ki sAhitya ke kSetrama minI bhI prakArakA neda karanA mAnavatAme bheda karanA kahA jaaygaa| isa canA dvArA manISiyAgo hindI jana sAhityake adhyayanakI preraNA milegI yA'nAhityatrI muralI dUTI kar3iyA~ko jor3aneme pUrI sahAyatA milegii| mAvi snAranIdAsa, bhaiNa bhagavatIdAsa, kavi bhUdharadAsa, kavi TalatarAma, kavi vRndAgnadAsa hindI sAhityake lie gauravakI vastu hai| ina patriNane cirantana gaindaryakI abhivyaJjanA kI hai| isa dvitIya mAgamaM Adhunika kAvya evaM prAcIna aura nUtana gadya sAhityapara parizIlanAramba prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gadyake kSetrame jaina nAhityagara bahuta Age bar3he hue haiN| zrI paM0 daulatarAmajI ne khaDI bolI gAyaka vikAsama bar3hA sahayoga diyA hai| inakA gadya bahuta vikasita hai| caudahana aura pandrahavIM zatAbdIme jaina vidvAnone TIkA aura bacanigaTage-bArA gadyako vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai| haoN, yaha bAta avazya hai mirindI na sAhityake nirmANakA kSetra jayapurake Asa-pAsakI bhUmi hone ke kAraNa mAyApara vRddhArIkA pramAva hai| AgarA aura dillIke nikaTa

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do zabda likhe gaye gadyameM brajabhASAke sAtha khaDI bolIkA rUpa bhI jhAMkatA huA dikhAyI par3atA hai / yadi niSpakSa rUpase hindI gadya sAhityakA itihAsa likhA jAya to jaina lekhakokI upekSA nahI honI caahie| abhI taka likhe gaye itihAsa aura AlocanA-granthomeM jaina kaviyoM aura vacanikAkArokI atyanta upekSA kI gayI hai / vartamAna hindI jaina kAvyadhArAmeM avagAhana karate samaya mujhe sabhI Adhunika jaina kaviyoMkI racanAe~ nahIM mila sakI haiM, ataH Adhunika kRtiyopara yatheSTa rUpase prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hogA tathA isakI bhI sabhAbanA hai ki aneka mahAnubhAvokI racanAe~ vicAra karanese yo hI chUTa gayI hoM / bhAratendukAlIna kaI aise jaina kavi haiM, jinakI racanAe~ bhAva aura bhApAkI dRSTise upAdeya hai / tatkAlIna patra-patrikAome ye racanAe~ prakAzita hotI rahI hai| bahuta TaTolanepara bhI mujhe isa kAlakI paryApta sAmagrI nahI mila sakI hai| prAcIna gadya sAhityapara aura adhika vistArakI AvazyakatA hai, para sAdhanAbhAva tathA isa viSayapara svatantra eka racanA likhanekA vicAra honekA kAraNa vistAra nahI diyA gayA hai| navIna gadya sAhitya meM nibandhake kSetrameM aneka lekhaka bandhu haiM, jinhoMne isa kSetrakA vistAra karane meM apanA amUlya yoga diyA hai / parantu ye nibandha idhara-udhara bikhare par3e haiM, ataH unakA jikra karanA chUTa gayA hogA / zrI mahendra rAjA, zrI pro0 devendrakumAra, pro0 premasAgara, zrI bAbUlAla jamAdAra, adhyAtmarasika bra0 ratnacandrajI sahAranapura, aneka granthoke lekhaka varNI zrI manoharalAlajI, paM0 sumeracandra nyAyatIrtha, zrI mahendrakumAra sAhityaratna, paM0 hIrAlAla kauzala zAstrI prabhRti aneka bandhuoMke nivantrakA paricaya denA chUTa gayA hai| ye navayuvaka hindI jaina sAhityakI unnatimeM satata salagna hai| inamese kaI mahAnubhAva to kahAnIkAra aura kavi bhI haiN| yadyapi maiMne apanI tuccha zaktike anusAra lekhakokI racanAoMpara

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana niSpakSa bhAvase hI vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, phira bhI saMbhava hai ki merI alpajAke kAraNa nyAya honemeM kucha kamI raha gayI ho / una sabhI granthakAroMke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karanA apanA karttavya samajhatA hU~, jinakI racanAoMse maiMne sahAyatA lI hai / vizeSataH zrI paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA, jinakI racanA 'hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa se mujhe preraNA milI tathA pariziSTameM kavi aura sAhityakAroMkA paricaya likhaneke lie sAmagrI bhI / 8 isa dvitIya bhAga kAyama bhI prathama bhAgake sabhI sahAyaka bandhuoMse sahAyatA milI hai, ataH meM una sabake prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / jaina siddhAnta bhavana zrI mahAvIra jayantI 1956 nemicandra zAstrI

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viSaya-sUcI AThavAM adhyAya 19-38 / upanyAsa manovatI : kathAvastu vartamAna hindI kAvyadhArA 19 manovatI : pAtra varddhamAna zailI aura kAvya manovatI : zailI aura camatkAra 22 kathopakathana anya kAyauMkA pratibimba 23 ralendu : parizIlana khaNDakAvya sudhIlA : kayAvakha rAjula: kathAvastu suzIlA : parizIlana rAtula : samIkSA muktidUta : kathAnaka virAga : kathAnaka muktidUta : pAtra virAga : samIkSA muktidUta : kathopakathana suTa kavitAe~ muktidUta : zailI purAtana pravRtti muktidUta : uddezya nUtana pravRti | kathAsAhitya ArAdhanA kayAkoza navA adhyAya 39-144 vRhatkathAkoza hindI-jaina-gadya-sAhityakA do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ 80 kramika vikAsa 39 / khanakakumAra : parizIlana / gadya-sAhitya purAvana-14 vI mahAsatI sItA : parizIlana 83 zatIce 19vIM zatItaka 39 / surasundarI Adhunika gadya-sAhitya surasundarI : samIkSA 20vIM zatI 50 / satI damayantI : samIkSA

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99 pakSa 154 10 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana rUpasundarI : parizIlana ___88 dazavA~ adhyAya145-207 AtmasamarpaNa: parizIlana hindI-jaina-sAhityakA zAstrIya mAnavI : samIkSA 145 gahare pAnI paiTha : parizIlana 103 bhASA 145 nATaka : vikAsa krama 107 chandavidhAna jJAnasUryodaya nATaka : samIkSA 108 alakAra yojanA akalaMka nATaka : parizIlana 110 prakRti citraNa mahendrakumAra : samIkSA pratIka yojanA aMjanA : parizIlana 113 rahasyavAda kamalazrI: paricaya aura samIkSA 115 / gyArahavA~ adhyAya208-215 garIba : parizIlana | siMhAvalokana 208 vardhamAna mahAvIra : parizIlana 117 pariziSTa 216-243 nibandha sAhitya 120 kavi evaM granthakAroMkA paricaya 216 aitihAsika nibandha-sAhitya 121 dharmasUri AcArAtmaka aura dArzanika vijayasena 216 ___nibandha-sAhitya 128 | vinayacandra sari sAhityika aura sAmAjika ambadeva nibandha jinapana sUri 217 AtmakathA, jIvana-caritra aura vijayabhadra saMsmaraNa . 136 / IzvarasUri 218 merI jIvana-gAthA : anu- savegasundara upAdhyAya 219 , , zolana 137 / mahAkavi rAdhU azAta jIvana : parizIlana 140 jaina jAgaraNake agradUta 141 / pANDe rUpacanda 221 141 / pA 216 216 218 rUpacanda 221

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viSaya-sUcI 231 232 35 rAjamalla pANDe jinadAsa kuMvarapAla pANDe hemarAja bulAkIdAsa kizanasiMha khaDgasena rAyacanda ziromaNidAsa manoharadAsa jayasAgara khuzAlacandra kAlA jodharAja godIkA landhiraci lohaTa brahArAyamala paM. daulatarAma paM0 ToDaramala 236 222 ] paM0 jayacanda 222 / bhUdhara mizra 222 / dIpacanda kAzalIvAla 233 pa0 DAlUrAma 234 bhArAmala 234 rara4 bakhatarAma 225 cidAnanda 235 225 ragavijaya 225 | Tekacanda 226 nathamala vilAlA pa0 sadAsukhadAsa 237 pa0 bhAgacanda 238 227 | kavi daulatarAma 239 227 paM0 jagamohanadAsa aura 50 parameSThIsahAya 240 | jainendrakizora 242 70 zItalaprasAda ra4ra lekhaka eva kavi-anukramaNikAra44 228 / anyAnukramaNikA 252 236 226 raraNa 227 228

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana [ bhAga 2]

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AThavA~ adhyAya vartamAna kAvyadhArA aura usakI vibhinna pravRttiyA~ hindI jaina sAhityakI pIyUSadhArA kala-kala ninAda karatI huI apanI zItalatAse jana-bhanake satApako Aja bhI dUra kara rahI hai| isa bIsavI zatAbdImeM bhI jaina sAhityanirmAtA purAne kathAnakoko lekara hI Adhunika zailI aura Adhunika bhASAme hI sRjana kara rahe hai| bhaki, tyAga, vIranIti, zrRMgAra Adi viSayopara aneka lekhakokI lekhanI avirAma rUpase cala rahI hai| deza, kAla aura vAtAvaraNakA prabhAva isa sAhityapara bhI par3A hai| ataH purAtana upAdAnoMme thor3A parivartana kara navIna kAvyabhavanokA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai| __ mahAkAvyome vardhamAna isa yugakA zreSThakAvya hai| isake racayitA yazasvI kavi anUpa zarmA ema. e. hai| isa mahAkAvyakI zailI saMskRta va kAvyoke anurUpa hai| saMskRtaniSTha hindIme vaMzastha, " drutavilambita aura mAlinI vRttoMme yaha racA gayA hai| isame nakha-zikhavarNana, prabhAta, sadhyA, pradoSa, rajanI, Rtu, sUrya, candra AdikA varNana prAcIna kAlyoke anusAra hai| isa mahAkAvyakA kathAnaka bhagavAna mahAvIrakA parama-pAvana jIvana hai| kavine svecchAnusAra prAcIna kathAvastume heraphera bhI kiyA hai| do cAra sthalokI kathAvastumeM jainadharmakI anaminatAke kathAvastu kAraNa vaidika-dharmako lA baiThAyA hai| bhagavAnkI bAlakrIr3Ake samaya parIkSArtha Aye hue devarUpI sarpakA damana ThIka kRSNake kAliya-damana ke samAna karAyA hai| sarpakI bhayaMkaratA tathA usake kAraNa prakRti-vikSubdhatA bhI lagabhaga vaisI hI hai| kavi kahatA hai|

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hindI-jana-sAhitya parigIlana pracaNDa dAvAnalakI likhA yathA, pralamba hai dhUma ngaadhiraan-saa| avazya koI bana-dhIca duHsahA, mahAn Apaci upasthitA huii| -pR. 261 isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakI kaMvalanAnotpattike pazcAt unakI AtmAkA kubera-dvArA nyama le jAnA aura vahA~ma Adi zaktiko lekara punaH AnmAnA loTa AnA, aura zarIrameM praveza karanA vidyuta vilakSaNa asanA hai| isakA jaina kathAvannuna vikRta mela nahIM baiThanA hai| kyoMki janavama to pratyeka AtmAko canaH ananta jJAna, ananta munna, ananna vAryakA mANDAra mAnanA hai / jabataka AtmApara kamAkA padA par3A rahatA hainabataka unakI ye zaniyA~ Acchanna rahatI haiN| karma-kAntrimaNa haTanaM hI AtmA zuddha nikala AnI hai| unakI zArI zAniyA~ prakaTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha svayaM bhagavAna bana jAtI hai| koI AtmA tItaka nikhArI hai jabataka vaha kapAya aura bAmanA kAraNa stramAvana parAinukha hai| RcanazAna hanipara AlyA pUrNa jJAnI ho jAtI hai| una kahasi bhI zani lenakI AvazyaktA nahIM pdd'tii| vivAhaka pramaMgako laMkara kavina banAnbara aura digambara mAnyatAoMkA sundara samanvaya kiyA hai / nAmbara mAnyatA anusAra bhagavAna mahAvArana vivAha kiyA hai aura digambara mAnyatA unheM avivAhita rahanA svIkAra karatI hai| kavinaM bar3I canurAIke sAtha tvamameM bhagavAnkA vivAha karAkara ubhaya mAnyatAoMmeM sAmAnya kriyA hai| mAvAn mahAvIrane dIkSA grahaNa kara digambara rUpameM vicaraNa kriyA yaha digambara mAnyatA hai auraTvetAnbara mAnyatAma ninadIkSA lenake upaganna bhagavAnkA deva dRSya dhAraNa karanA mAnA jAtA hai| kavine ina mAnyatAokA bhI sundara sAmaMvanya banekA prayatna kiyA hai| kavi kahatA hai

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vartamAna kAvyadhArA aura usakI vibhinna pravRttiyA~ maho alaMkAra vihAya ratna ke, bhUSitAMga ho / anUpa ratnanna tane hue ambara aMga-aMga se, digambarAkAra vikAra zUnya ho // samIpa hI jo paradeva dUSya hai, nitAnta zvetAmbara sA vanA rhaa| agraMtha nirdvanda mahAna saMyamI, vane hue ho nijadharma ke dhvajI // 21 vastu-varNaname 'mahAkAvya kI dRSTise ghaTanA- vidhAna, dRzyayojanA aura paristhiti-nirmANa- ye tIna tattva Ate hai / vaddha mAnakI kathAvastume prAyaH dRzya-yojanA tattvakA abhAva hai / ghaTanAvidhAna aura paristhiti nirmANa ina dono tattvokI bahulatA hai / kavine isa prakArakA koI dRzya Ayojita nahI kiyA hai jo mAnavakI rAgAtmikA hattantrIko sahaja rUpame jhaMkRta kara sake / ghaTanAoMkA krama manthara gati se bar3hatA huA Age calatA hai jisase pAThaka ke sAmane ghaTanAkA citra eka nizcita kramake anusAra hI prastuta hotA hai / mahAkAvyakI AdhikArika kathAvastuke sAtha prAsaMgika kathAvastukA rahanA bhI mahAkAvyakI saphalatA ke lie Avazyaka aga hai / prAsaMgika kathAe~ mUlakathAme tIvratA utpanna karatI haiN| carddhamAna kAvyameM avAntara kathA rUpame candanAcarita, kAmadevasurendrasavAda tathA kAmadeva dvArA varddhamAnakI parIkSA aisI marmasparzI avAntara kathAeN hai, jinase jIvanake Ananda aura saundaryakA AbhAsa hI nahI hotA pratyuta saundaryakA sAkSAtkAra hone lagatA hai / jagat aura jIvanake aneka rUpoM aura vyApAroMpara vimugdha hokara kavine apanI vibhUtiko camatkArapUrNa Dhagase AvirbhUta kiyA hai| bhAvoko

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana camatkAra prabhAvotpAdaka banAne aura unakI preSaNIyatAkI vRddhike lie samAsa, sandhi aura vizeSaNa padokA prayoga bahulatAse kiyA hai / rasavivaddhana, rasazailI aura kAvyaparipAka aura rasAsvAdana karAnekI kSamatA isa kAvyakI zailIgata vizeSatA hai / yadyapi kavine saMskRtake samAsAnta padokA prayoga khulakara kiyA hai, parantu uccAraNa sagati aura dhvani akSuNNarUpameM vidyamAna hai / saMskRtagarbhita padoMke rahanepara bhI kRtrimatA nahIM Ane pAyI hai / yadyapi AdyopAnta kAvyame saMskRtake free zabdokA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to bhI padalAlitya rahane se kAvyakA mAdhurya vidyamAna hai| kriyApado meM bhI adhikAza kriyAe~ saMskRtakI jyoMkI tyo rakha dI gii| haiN| jisase jahA~-tahA~ virUpatA - sI pratIta hotI hai| zailIke upAdAnoMme vibhaktiyoMkA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / vibhaktiyokA yathAsthAna prayoga honese camatkAra utpanna hotA hai / saMskRtaniSTha zailImese jAneke kAraNa - " sadarpa kAdambini garjane lagI" jaise vibhaktihIna pada isa kAvyame aneka Aye hai, jisase kaThoratA aura kliSTatA hai / isa mahAkAvyame kavine apanI kavayitrI pratibhA dvArA trizalAke zArIrika saundarya, hAva-bhAva aura veza-bhUSA Adike citraNa meM ramaNIyatAkI sRSTi kI hai / pAThaka saundaryakI bhAvanAme magna ho apanI sattAko bhUla rasamagna ho jAtA hai para trizalAkA yaha zRgArika varNana manovijJAnakI dRSTise anucita hai| kyoki bhagavAn mahAvIrake pUrva nandyavardhanakA janma ho cukA thA ataH dvitIya satAnake avasarapara mahArAja siddhArtha aura trizalAkI ragareliyA~ pAThakakai hRdayapara prabhAva nahI chodd'tiiN| ina padome kalpanAkI ur3Ana aura bhAvasacArakI tIvratA hamAre sammukha eka bhavya citra prastuta karatI hai / nimna paMktiyA~ darzanIya hai 22 viraMcine adbhuta yuktise use, sudhAmayo zakti pradAna kI sudhA /

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vartamAna kAvyadhArA aura unakI vibhinna pravRttiyA~ vilocanoM meM viSa dugdha vANa kI, kaTAkSa meM mRtyumayI kRpANa kI // saroja drohI rasa zUnya deha hai, sugandhase hIna zazAMka khyAta hai / na sAmya pAtI trizalAmukhendu kA, malImasA prAkRta candrakI kalA // isa kAvyame rUpaka, utprekSA, upamA, vyAjokti, zlepa, anuprAsa, bhratimAna Adi alaMkAroMkI adbhuta chaTA pradarzita kI hai| nimna padya darzanIya hai saroja sA vaktra sunetra mIna se, sIvAra se kesa sukaMTha kambu-sA / uroja jyo koka sunAbhi bhaura sI, taraMgitA thI trizalA-taraMgiNI // anya kAvyoM kA prativimva -sa0 1pa0 81 vartamAna kAnya siddhArthase atyadhika anuprANita hai / mahArAja siddhArtha tathA zuddhodanako rUpa guNokI sAmyatA bahuta azome eka hai / siddhArthame yazodharAke rUpa, saundarya, uroja, mukha AdikA jaisA varNana kiyA hai vaisA hI varddhamAnameM trizalAke mukha, netra, uroja AdikA bhI / gautama buddhakI kAmaghoSaNAkI praticchAyA mahArAja siddhArthakI kAmaghoSaNA hai / udAharaNArtha dekhiye - 23 sukAminI jo aba mAninI rahI, manojakI hai aparAdhinI vahI / caturdizA dAmini vyAja vyomameM, samA gayI kAma nRpAla ghoSaNA // - varddha0 sa0 250 17

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana na mAninI jo aba mAna tyAgatI, manoja kI hai aparAdhinI vhiiN| payodamAlA misa vijjuke yahI, prasAratI kAma-nRpAla-ghopaNA || -si.pR0 100 saMskRta kAvyome mahi, kumArasambhava aura khuvazase aneka sthaloMme bhAvasAmya hai| vardamAnakA 10 vaoN sarga umarakhayyAmase aneka azIme sAmya rakhatA hai| yaha mahAkAvya bhAva, bhApA, kAvya-camatkAra Adi sabhI dRSTiyoMse prAyaH saphala hai| . khaNDakAvya vartamAna yugama jaina kaviyoMne khaNDakAvyA-dvArA jagat aura jIvana ke vibhinna Adarza aura yathArthakA samanvita rUpa prastuta kiyA hai / "khaNDakAvyaM bhavet kAvyasyaikadezAnusAri ca" arthAt khaNDakAvyamai jIvanake kisI pahalUkI jhaoNkI rahatI hai| ataH jainakaviyoMne purAtana marmasparzI kathAnakoMkA cayana kara racanA-kauzala, pravandhapaTutA aura sahRdayatA Adi guNokA samavAya kiyA hai| jisase ye kAvya pAThakokI muputa bhAvanAoko sajaga karanekA kArya sahajameM sampanna karate hai| jIvanake kisI pakSako adhika mahattva denA aura pAThakakI usake prati preraNA utpanna karanA, jisase pAThaka usa bhAvase abhibhUta hokara kAryarUpame pariNata karaneke lie pravRta ho jaay| rAjula, virAga, vIratAkI kasauTI, bAhubalI, pratiphalana evaM ajanApavanajaya kAvya isa yugake pramukha khaNDakAvya hai| kAvyasiddhAntoke AdhArapara ina khaNDakAyoMmeMse kuchakA vivecana kiyA jaaygaa|

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khaNDakAvya 25 isa khaNDakAvyakA racayitA navayuvaka kavi bAlacandra jaina ema0 e0 hai / kavine purAtana AkhyAnako lekara jaina saMskRtiko mAnavamAtra ke lie jIvanAdarza banAnekA AmAsa kiyA hai| bhagavAn rAjula neminAthakI Adarza patnI -- vivAha nahIM huA, para neminAthake sAtha honevAlA thA; ataH sakalpamAtrase hI jisane nemikumAra ko AtmasamarpaNa kara diyA thA sAtha hI sasArase virakta hokara jisane Atma sAdhanA kI usa rAjudevIke jIvanakI eka jhaoNkI isa kAvyame dikhalAyI gaI hai / yaha kAvya darzana, smaraNa, virAga, viraha aura utsarga ina pA~ca sargoM vibhakta hai / kathAvastu kAvya ke prathama sarga 'darzana' kA praNayana kalpanAse huA hai, jisane kathAkai marmasthalako tIvratA pradAna kI hai / kavine jUnAgaDhake rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjula aura yAdava - kula-tilaka dvArikAdhipati samudravijaya ke putra nemikumArakA sAkSAtkAra dvArikA kI vATikAme madonmatta jagamardana hAthIse nemi dvArA vasanta vihArake lie AyI huI rAjulakI rakSA karAnepara kiyA hai / sakSAtkArakI yaha prathama ghaTikA hI praNaya-kalikAke rUpame pariNata ho gaI hai aura donokI A~khe paraspara eka dUsareko DhU~r3ha rahI thI / rAjulako vasanta-vihArakara jUnAgaDha lauTa Anepara premakI antarvedanA smRtike rUpameM phalIbhUta hokara pIr3A de rahI thI / idhara dvArikAme nemikumArake komala hRdayame rAjudakI madhura smRti TIsa utpanna kara rahI thii| donoM ora pUrvarAga itanA tIvra ho uThA jisase ve milaneke lie adhIra the / Age calakara yahI pUrvarAga aruNa bhAskara ho vivAhake rUpame udita honA cAhatA thA; kintu niyatikA vidhAna isase viparIta thA / dvArikAse bArAta sajadhajakara calI, mArgama rAjula - milTanakI kalpanA nemikumArako Atmavibhora kara rahI hai| acAnaka eka ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, unheM muka pazuokA cItkAra sunAyI par3atA hai 1. san 1948, prakAzakaH - sAhitya sAdhanA samiti, kAzI /

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hindI - jainasAhitya- parizIlana jisase unakA dhyAna rAjulase haTakara usa ora AkRSTa ho jAtA hai / mAlI se nemikumAra pazuokI karuNagAthA jAnakara dravita ho jAte haiN| vAsanAkA bhUta bhAga jAtA hai aura ve pazuzAlAme jAkara vivAha meM abhyAgatoke bhakSaNArtha Aye hue pazuoko bandhana muktakara svayaM candhana-mukta honeke lie AtmasAdhanAke nimitta giranAra parvatakI ora prasthAna kara dete haiN| 26 idhara nemikumArake virakta hokara cale jAnese rAjulakI vedanA vaDha jAtI hai / vaha sukumAra kalikA isa bhayakara thapeDeko sahana karanemeM asamartha ho mUrcchita ho jAtI hai| nAnA tarahase upacAra karanepara kucha samaya pazcAt use hoza AtA hai| mAtA-pitA oNkhakI putalIkI cetanA lauTI huI dekhakara prasanna ho samajhAte hai ki beTI, anya TheAke sundara, svastha aura sampanna rAjakumArase tumhArA vivAha kara deMge; nemikumAra tapArAdhanA ke lie jaMgalame gaye to jAne do| abhI kucha nahIM bigar3A hai, tuma apanA praNaya bandhana anyatra kara jIvana sArthaka karo / rAjulane rokara uttara diyA- "sambhava ana yaha tAta kahA~" rAjula ro volI vane nemi jaba mere au' maiM unakI ho lI / bhI DolU // sopU~ ; bhUlU~ kaise unheM prANa apane bhI bhUlU~, khojU~gI maiM unheM ghano girimeM kiyA samarpita hRdaya Aja tana bhI maiM jIvanakA sarvasva aura dhana unako rahe kahIM bhI kintu sadA ve mere svAmI } maiM unakA anukaraNa karU~ vana patha anugAmI // saupU~ // isa prakAra rAjula bhAratIya zIlake purAtana Adarzako apanAne ke nimitta giranAra parvatapara nemikumArake pAsa jA AryikA vrata grahaNakara tapazcaryAme lIna ho Atma-sAdhanA karatI hai /

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khaNDakAvya rAjulkAvyako mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ vATikAme nemikumAra aura rAjulakA sAkSAtkAra tathA jagamardana hAthIse nemikumAra-dvArA rAjulakI rakSA . evaM rAjulakA viraha aura usakA utsarga kavine prathama ___ sAkSAtkArake anantara bar3e kauzalake sAtha rAjulake ArAdhyako vilagakara premakI bhAvanAko ghanIbhUta kiyA hai| eka bAra premikA aura premI punaH sthAyI premake bandhaname baMdhaneke nikaTa pahuMcate haiM aura yahI pratyAzA rAjulako eka kSaNake lie prakAza pradAna karatI hai| paristhitikI viSamatAke kAraNa usakA ArAdhya use choDa cala detA hai, to vaha utpanna hue tIna bhAvokA aprAkRtika saMkoca evaM damana na kara mugdhA bana jAtI hai aura "hAya' kahakara dhar3Amase pRthvIpara gira par3atI hai| virahiNI rAjulakI isa avasthAko dekhakara mAtA-pitA evaM dAsiyA kAra ho jAtI haiM aura yuktiyo dvArA niSTura premIse vimukha karanekA prayatna karatI hai ; para rAjulako apane pavitra dRr3ha saMkalpate haTAneme sarvathA asamartha rahatI hai| kavine sakhiyoko rAjulake mukhase kyA hI sundara uttara dilAyA hai "ve mere phira mileM mujhe, khocUMgI kaNa-kaNa meM" viyoginI rAjula argha-vismRta avatyAme pralApa karatI hai / rAjulkI manodanA uttarottara baTila hotI jAtI hai, vaha Adarza aura kAmanAke jhUle jhUlatI huI dikhalAI par3atI hai kabhI-kabhI vaha Atma-vismRta ho jAtI hai-isa samaya usake hRdayame Adarzajanya gaurava aura premajanya ulaMThagakA inda hI zeSa rahatA hai tathA glAni aura asamarthatAke kAraNa vaha kaha uThatI hai aba na rahI haiM sukhada vRttiyA~, zeSa bacI hai madhura smRtiyA~ / unheM chipA hastalameM apanA jIvana jInA hogaa|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana Age calakara rAjulakA viraha vedanAkai rUpame pariNata ho jAtA hai ; jisase usame Adarza gauravako choDa svArthakI gandha bhI nahIM rahatI / vaha apane me sAhasa baTorakara svArtha aura kamajorIpara vijaya prApta karatI huI kahatI hai 28 tumane kaba tujhako dekhA mujhako bAhirase hIM mere X X pahicAnA / antarako kaba jAnA / x nArI aisI kyA tana kI komalatA hI lekara narake hIna huI ! sammukha kyA dIna huI / Age calakara rAjulakA vaha kArya AtmasAdhanAke rUpame parivartita ho 1 rAjula aura nAyaka / jaina saMskRtike mUla zaktiyoko vikasita gayA hai / jIvanakI vibhUti tyAga kAvyakI nAyikA nemikumArake caritame samyak rUpeNa vidyamAna hai Adarza duHkhoMpara vijaya prAptakara AtmAkI chupI huI kara varamAlA bana jAnA kA isame nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| bhautika vAtAvaraNako tyAga aura AdhyAtmikatA ke rUpame parivartita tathA vAsanAmaya jIvanako viveka aura caritrake rUpame parivartita dikhalAyA gayA hai / bhAva aura bhApAkI dRSTise yaha kAvya sAdhAraNa pratIta hotA hai / lAkSaNikatA aura mUrtimattAkA bhASAme pUrNatayA abhAva hai| haoN, bhAvokI khoja avazya gaharI hai| ekAdha sthAnapara anuprAsakI chaTA rahanese bhASAme mAdhurya A gayA hai- Camd kala-kala chala-chala saritAke svara ; saMketa zabda the vola rahe / x X X A~khoMmeM pahale to chAye, dhIrese urameM lIna hue / prathama racanA honeke kAraNa sabhI sambhAvya haiM / phira bhI isame udAtta bhAvanAokI kamI truTiyA~ isame vidyamAna nahIM hai / bhAva, bhASA Adi dRSTiyose yaha acchI racanA hai /

Page #27
khaNDakAvya 29 yaha eka bhAvAtmaka 'khaMDakAvya hai / purAtana mahApuruSokA jIvana pratIka varttamAna jIvanako apane Alokase AlovirAga kita kara satpathakA anugAmI banAtA hai / kavi dhanyakumAra jaina "sudheza" ne isI sandezakI abhivyaMjanA kI hai| virAga jIvanakI Adarza gAthAkI cAra paktiyopara apanI pratibhA aura sAttvika kalpanAkA raGga caDhAkara aisA mahattva pradAna karatA hai jo samasta jIvanake caritrapara apanI amara AbhA vikIrNa karaneme samartha hai / isa kAvyameM bhagavAn mahAvIrakI ve aTala virAga bhAvanAe~ prakaTa kI gaI hai, jiname vizvakI karuNA, sahAnubhUti, prema aura nisvArtha tyAgakA amara sandeza gU~jatA hai / vastutaH isa kAvyame kAvyAnandake sAtha AtmAnandakA bhI mizraNa huA hai| lokAnurAgakI bhAvanAko kriyAtmaka mUrtimAna rUpa diyA gayA hai| dhIrodatta nAyakakA saphala citraNa isa kAvyame huA hai| kathAnaka kathAvastu sakSipta hai, yaha pA~ca sagoM meM vibhakta hai / prAtaHkAla ravikiraNe kuDalapurakai prAsAda-zikharoMpara aThakheliyA~ karatI huI kumAra mahAvIrake zayanakakSapara pahu~cI / razmiyokA madhura sparza hote hI kumArakI nidrA bhaMga huii| unake hRdaya sasArake prati virAga aura priya mAtA-pitAkI icchAoMke prati anurAgakA dvandva hone lagA / yaha mAnasika sagharpa cala hI rahA thA ki kumArake pitA A phueNce| pitAkA uddezya kumAra mahAvIrako vivAhita jIvana vyatIta karaneke lie rAjI kara lenA thA / ataH unhone pahale kumArakA mAdaka yauvana, phira komalAgI rAjakumAriyoMkA AkarpaNa, rAjyalakSmI aura apanI tathA kumArakI mAtAkI laukika sukhakI kAmanAe~ unake samakSa prakaTa kIM / aTalapratijJa mahAvIrakA mana jaba isa pralobhano 1. prakAzakaH- bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina saMgha, mathurA /

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hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana kI ora AkRSTa nahIM huA to pitAne bhAvAvezame Akara apane padakA ullaghana karate hue aneka sarasa aura AdarzakI bAteM khiiN| jaba pitA apane vAtsalya aura svatvase putrako vivAha karaneke lie taiyAra na kara sake to vaha bhikSuka bana yAcanA karane lge| virAga vijayI huA aura pitAko nirAza ho apane bhavaname lauTa jAnA par3A / trizalAse siddhArthane sArI bAte kaha dii| trizalA ananta vizvAsa sameTe putrake pAsa aayii| Ate hI putrake samakSa vizvakI viSamatAkA dRzya upasthita kiyA aura mAtR-hRdayakI utkaTa abhilASA, AzA aura aramAnoMko nikAlakara rakha diyaa| mAtAne antima anna azrupatanakA bhI prayoga kiyaa| rAnIko apane oNsuopara asIma garva thaa| para kumAra mahAvIra himAlayakI aDiga caTTAnakI bhaoNti acala rhe| mA~! icchAsAgarakA nala athAha hai, isakI dhArA ruka nahIM sakatI / ananta icchAoMkI tRpti kabhI nahIM huI hai, yahI mahAvIrakA sIdhA-sA uttara thaa| nArIke samAna vizvake ye mUka prANI jinake galepara dudhArA cala rahI hai, mere lie premabhAjana hai| maoNko kumArake uttarane mauna kara diyaa| putrake tarka aura pramANoke samakSa maoNko cupa ho jAnA pdd'aa| eka dina yogIke samAna kumAra mahAvIra jama-cintaname dhyAnastha the, usI samaya pitAkI pukAra huI / pitAne putra ke sammukha apanI vRddhAvasthAkI asamarthatA prakaTa karate hue rAjyake gurutara bhArako sambhAlanekI AjJA dii| pitAke isa anurodhame karuNA bhI mizrita thI; kintu mahAvIrakA virAga jyoMkA tyo rhaa| unakI oNkhoMke samakSa vizvake rudana aura krandana mUrtimAna hokara prastuta the; ataH rAjyakA vaibhava unheM apanI ora AkRSTa na kara skaa| karuNAsAgara kumArane pazuoMkA mUka krandana sunA, unhe dagdha rudhirakI dhArAoMkA durgandha milA, valike dRzya nAcane lage aura rAjyabhavana

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31 kATane lagA / dhIre-dhIre mahalase utare aura rAjya- vaibhavako ThukarAkara cala paDe usa pathakI ora jahA~ vizvakI karuNA sacita thI, jahA~ pahu~cakara mAnava bhagavAn banatA hai / jisake prApta kiye binA mAnavatA upalabdha nahIM hotI / samasta vastrAbhUSaNoko lakSya prAptime bAdhaka samajha digambara ho gaye / Atmazodhanake lie prayatna karane lage / pazcAt jananAyaka bana bhagavAn mahAvIrane sAmAjika jIvanakA pravAha eka nayI dizAkI ora mor3A / khaNDakAvya sAdhAraNataH yaha acchA khaNDakAvya hai / kavine mAtRvAtsalyakA svAbhAvika nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yadyapi isa dRSTikA yaha prathama prayAsa hai, samIkSA ataH sambhAvya truTiyokA rahanA svAbhAvika hai, phirabhI savAdome kaviko saphalatA milI hai| kucha sthalo para vo aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAtRhRdayako kavine nikAlakara hI rakha diyA hai| mAtA apanI mamatAkA vizvAsakara dhar3akate hue hRdaya aura azrupUrita netrose putra kumArake pAsa jAte hI pUchatI hai - "tuma bahate, isa samaya kaunase rasameM" / mA~kA hRdaya putrapara vizvAsa hI nahIM rakhatA hai, parantu ajJAta bhaviSyakI AzaMkAkara maoN sihara uThatI hai aura putrase pUcha baiThatI hai ina pazuoM ko to jalanA, para tuma bhI vyartha jaloge / hai maraNa bhAgyameM jisake, kyA usake lie karoge // X X X phira kyoM tuma inakI cintA, karate isa bhA~ti virAgI banakara, mama hRdaya ho mere DAlate x hIre / cIre // jaba kumArako itanepara bhI pighalatA huA nahI dekhatI hai to maoNrka hRdayakI foreaaa aura pipAsA aura vRddhiMgata ho jAtI hai ataH usake mukhase nikala par3atA hai-

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32 hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana mata duHkhI karo tuma mujhako, de uttara aisA korA / mAno na moha ko mere, tuma ati hI kathA DorA // vANIme oja, nayanoMmeM karuNAkI nirjhariNI tathA prANome krandana bhare hue pazuoMkI hUkase vyathita mahAvIrake mukha se nikalI uktiyoM zrotA eva pAThako ke hRdaya tAroMko hilA denemeM samartha hai| apane tarkasammata vicAroMko satyakA cogA pahanAkara karuNArdra mahAvIra kaha uThate haiMnArI // adhikArI // sote-jagate / 2 ye eka ora haiM itane, au anya ora aba tumhIM batAo inameM se kauna prema AkRtiyA~ inakI sakaruNa, dikhatI haiM taya hI to ramaNI se bhI ramaNIya mujhe ye lagate // kavine isame nArI - Adarzako akSuNNa rakhanekA pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai / nArI vahI taka tyAjya hai, jahA~taka vaha asat aura asaMyamita jIvana I / jIvana - sAdhanAme zithilatA vyatIta karane ke lie prerita karatI hai| jaba nArI sahayogI vana jIvanako gatizIla banAneme sahAyaka hotI, taba nArI bAsanAmayI ramaNI nahI rahatI, kintu saccA sAthI bana jAtI hai utpanna karanevAlI nArI Adarza nArI nahI hai rAdhAkA Adarza rakhatA huA kavi nArIke huA kahatA hai / ataH sItA, rAjula aura Adarza rUpakI pratiSThA karatA phira nara ke lie kabhI bhI, nArI na banI hai bAdhA / batalAtI hai yaha hamako, sItA bhau rAjula rAdhA // duHkha meM bhI karatI sevA, saMkaTa meM sAhasa bharato / pati ke hita meM hai jItI, pati ke hita meM hai maratI // 'virAga' kA kavi nArIke sambandhame cintita hai / vaha Aja nArI paratantratAko zrayaskara nahI mAnatA hai / ataH cintA vyakta karatA huA kahatA hai-

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sphuTa kavitAe~ banatI kaThaputalI patikI, jisa dina kara hote piile| pati icchA para hI nirbhara, ho jAte svapna raMgIle // kevala vilAsa sAmagrI, hI mAnI jAtI llnaa| gRhiNI ko ghara meM lAkara, ve samajhA karate cerI // x kaba nArI apane khoye, svatvoMko prApta karegI / kaba vaha nija jIvana pustaka, kA nava adhyAya rcegii| kumAra mahAvIra rAjasiMhAsanakI sattAse utpanna dopoke prati vidrohAtmaka cintana karate haiN| isa cintaname kavi AjakI rAjanItise pUrNa prabhAvita hai / ataH yugakA citra khIMcatA huA kavi kahatA hai pUMjIpati inake Azrita, raha sukhakI nidrA sote / para zramika kRpaka gaNa jIvana bhara dukhakI gaTharI Dhote // x samAnatA, karuNA, leha aura sahAnubhUtike amara chIMTose yaha kAvya ota-prota hai| pApake prati ghRNA aura pApIke prati karuNA tathA usake uddhArakI sadbhAvanA isame pUrNarUpase vidyamAna hai / kavi kahatA hai duSpApa avazya ghRNita hai, para ghRNita nahIM hai paapii| yadi sadvyavahAra karo vaha, bana sakatA puNyapratApI // virAgakI zailI rocaka, tarkayukta aura ojapUrNa hai| bhAva chandoma bA~dhe nahI gaye hai, apitu bhAvoke pravAhameM chanda banate gaye hai| ataH kavitAmeM gatyavarodha nahIM hai / haoN ekAdha sthalapara chandomaga hai, para pravAhama vaha khaTakatA nahIM hai / bhASA sarala, subodha aura bhAvAnukUla hai| sphuTa kavitAe~ vicAra-jagatme honevAle Avartana aura vivartana, pravartana aura parivartana . ke AdhArapara isa bIsavIM zatIkI phuTa jaina kavitAoMkA samyak vargIkaraNa

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana karanA asambhava-sA hai| isa yugakI sphuTa kavitAoMko pradhAna rUpase purAtana pravRtti aura nUtana pravRtti ina bhAgome vibhakta kiyAjA sakatA hai| purAtana purAtana-pravRtti ke antargata ve racanAe~ AtI haiM, jinameM loka hRdayakA vizleSaNa to hai, para kalArAnIkA rUpa saeNvArA nahI gayA hai| usake agharoM meM muskAna aura oNkhoMse audAryakI jyotikI kSINa rekhA vidyamAna hai| dArzanika pRSThabhUmikI vizeSatAkai kAraNa AcArAtmaka niyamoMkA vidhiniSedhAtmaka nirUpaNa hI kiyA gayA hai| bhAva, bhASA sagI prAcIna haiM, zailI bhI purAtana hai| isa prakArakI kavitA racanevAlome isa yugake Adya kavi ArA nivAsI bAbU jagamohanadAsa hai| ApakA dharmaranodyota' nAmaka anya prakAzita hai| isakI kavitA sAdhAraNa hai, para mAva ucca hai| zrI bAbU jainendrakizora bhArAne majana-navaratna, zrAvakAcAra dohA, vacana-battIsI Adi kavitAe~ likhI haiN| Apa samasyApUrti bhI karate the, ApakI isa prakArakI kavitAoMpara rIti-yugako spaSTa chApa hai| nakha zikha varNanake kucha padya bhI Apake upalabdha hai, ye padya sarasa aura zrutimadhura hai / kavivara udayalAla, bra0 zItalaprasAda, haMsavA nivAsI lakSmInArAyaNa tathA lakSmIprasAda vaidyakI AcArAtmaka kavitAe~ bhI acchI haiN| ina kavitAome rasa, alakAra aura kAvyacamatkArakI kamI rahanepara bhI anubhUtikI paryApta mAtrA vidyamAna hai| zrI mAsTara nanharAma aura jhAlarApATana-nivAsI zrI lakSmIbAIkI kavitAome mAdhurya guNa adhika hai| AcArAtmaka aura naitika kartavyakA vizleSaNa ina kavitAoMme sundara DhaMgase kiyA gayA hai| saptavyasanakI burAiyokA pradarzana kavitA aura savaiyome sundara huA hai / darzana aura AcArakI gar3ha bAtoko kaviyoMne sarasa rUpase vyakta kiyA hai|

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nUtana pravRtti jaina gajaTakI purAnI phAilemeM aneka aisI samasyApUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM kaviyoke nAma nahIM diye gaye hai, parantu ina kavitAose kaviyoMkI usa kAlakI kAvyapravRttiyo aura kavitAkI vizeSatAokA sahaja meM hI paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| nUtana pravRtti nUtana-pravRttike kaviyoMkI sphaTa kavitAokA samucita vargIkaraNa karanA asambhava-sA hai| vartamAna yugame sahasronmukhI pahAr3I jharaneke samAna anekonmukhI jaina kAvya-saritA pravAhita ho rahI hai| ataH samaya-kramAnusAra isa pravRttike kaviyoMko tIna utthAnome vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama utthAna I0 san 1900 se I0 san 1925 taka, dvitIya utthAna I0 san 1926-1940 taka aura tRtIya utthAna I0 san 1941-1955 taka liyA jaaygaa| prathama utthAnakI sphuTa kavitAoko vRttAtmaka, varNanAtmaka, naitika yA AcArAtmaka, mAvAtmaka aura geyAtmaka ina pA~ca mAgoMme vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / aitihAsika vRtta yA ghaTanAko AdhAra lekara jina kavitAoMme bhAvAminyajana huA hai, ve vRttAtmakasazaka haiN| prAkRtika dRzya, sthAna, dezadazA, koI dhArmika yA laukika dRzyakA nirUpaNa varNanAtmaka ; nIti, upadeza, AcAra yA siddhAnta nirUpaNa AcArAtmaka ; zRgAra, praNaya, utsAha, karuNA, sahAnubhUti, ropa, krAnti Adi kisI bhAvanAkA nispaNa bhAvAtmaka aura rasapradhAna madhura eva lyayukta racanA geyAtmaka hai| vRttAtmaka racanAome kavi guNabhadra 'AgAsa kI pradyumnacaritra, rAmavanavAsa aura kumArI anantamatI racanAe~ sAdhAraNa koTikI haiN| iname kAvyatva alpa aura paurANikatA adhika hai| kavi kalyANakumAra 'zazi'kA devagaDhakAvya bhI vRttAtmaka hai| kavi mUlacandra 'vatsala'kA vIra pacaratna vRttAtmaka sAdhAraNa kAvya hai, isameM praNa vIra lava-kuzakumAra, yuddhavIra

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6 hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana pradyumna kumAra, cIra yazodhara kumAra, karmavIra jambUkumAra evaM dharmavIra akasacakA bAlacaritra aMkita kiyA gayA hai / " varNanAtmaka kavitAoMmeM jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' kI 'alasambodhana' nAthUrAma 'premI' kI 'pitAkI paralokayAtrApara, bhagavanta gaNapati gopalIya kI 'siddhavarakUTa', guNabhadra 'AgAsa' kI 'mikhArIkA 'svapna', sUryabhAnu 'DaoNgI' kI 'saMsAra', zobhAcandra 'bhAritala' kI 'anyatva, ayodhyAprasAda goyalIyakI 'javAnoMkA bAMdha, vA0 kAmatAprasAdakI 'jIvana-zaoNkI', lakSmIcandra ema0 e0 kI "maiM patajharakI sUcI DAlI", zAntisvarupa 'kusuma' kI 'kalikAke prati', lakSmaNaprasAda 'prazAnta' kI 'phUla', khUbacanda 'puSkala' kI 'bhannamandira, pannAlAla 'vasanta' kI 'tripurI kI A~kI', vIrendrakumAra ema0 e0 kI 'vIra vandanA', ghAsIrAma 'candra' kI 'phUlase', rAjakumAra sAhityAcAryakI 'AhvAna', tArAcanda 'makaranda' kI 'oma', 'candraprabhA devIkI 'raNabherI', kamalA devIkI 'rorI', kamalAdevI rASTramApAkovidakI 'hama haiM harI-bharI phulavArI' zIrSaka kavitAkA samAveza hotA hai| inameM adhikAMza kavitAe~ aisI haiM, jinameM varNanake sAtha mAtrAtmakatA bhI pUrNarUpa se vidyamAna hai / bhAvAtmaka muktaka racanAe~ ve hI mAnI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM anubhUti atyanta mArmika ho / kavi sAMsArikatAse uThakara bhAva-gaganameM vicaraNa karatA dRSTigocara ho / antarvRttiyA~kA unmIlana ho, para bAhyajagatke sudhAra- parikAraoNkI carcA na kI gayI ho / nairAvya, bhakti, praNaya aura saundaryakI abhivyananA hI jisakA carama lakSya rahe aura jisakI Arambhika paMktike zravaNase hI pAThakake hRdaya me siharana, prakampana aura AloTana - viloDana hone lage, vaha zreSTha bhAvAtmaka muktaka racanA kahI bA sakatI hai| ataeva bhAvavihvalatA, vidagdhatA aura saMketAtmakatAkA isa prakArakI kavitAyeM rahanA parama Avazyaka hai / Adhunika jaina kaviyamaM zreSTha bhAvAtmaka kAvya likhanevAle grAyaH nahIM

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nUtana pravRtti haiN| kucha aise kavi avazya hai, jinakI racanAoMme gUDha bhAva avazya pAye jAte hai / zoka, Ananda, vairAgya, .kAruNya Adi bhAvokI amivyaJjanA re, hAya, Aha, Adi zabdoko prayukta kara kI hai| isa koTime mukhtAra sA0 kI 'merI bhAvanA bhagavanta gaNapati goyalIyakI 'nIca aura achUta', kavi cainasukhadAsakI 'jIvanapaTa', kavi satyabhaktakI 'jharanA', kavi kalyANakumAra 'zazi'ko 'vizrutajIvana', kavi bhagavattvarUpakI 'sukha zAnti cAhatA hai mAnava', kavi lakSmIcandra ema0 e0 kI 'sajanI oNsU logI yA hAsa', kavi bukhAriyA 'tanmaya kI 'mai ekAkI pathabhraSTa huA', amRtalAla caMcalakI 'amarapipAsA', pugkalakI 'jIvana dIpaka', akSayakumAra gagavAlakI 'halacala', munizrI amRtacandra 'sudhA kI 'antara' aura 'bar3he jA', sumeracandra 'kauzala kI 'jIvana pahelI' aura 'Atma-nivedana', vAlacandra vizArada kI 'citrakArase' aura 'oNsUse, zrIcandra ema0 e0 kI 'Atmavedana' evaM kavi 'dIpaka' kI 'jhanakAra Adi kavitAe~ pramukha haiN| kavi bukhAriyA aura puSkala mAvAtmaka racanAoke acche racayitA hai| AcArAtmaka kavitAe~ patra-patrikAoma prakAzita hotI rahatI hai | isa koTikI kavitAome prAyaH kAvyatvakA abhAva hai| geyAtmaka racanAoma mAnavakI rAgAtmikA vRttiko adhikase adhika rUpameM jAgrata karanekI kSamatA, kalpanA-dvArA bhAvottejanakI zakti aura nAdasaundarya yukta saMgItAtmakatA avanya pAyI jAtI hai| geya kAthyoma saMgItakA rahanA parama Avazyaka hai| jisa kAvyame saMgIta nahIM, vaha bhAvagAmbhIryake rahanepara bhI geyAtmaka nahIM ho sakatA / vastutaH geyakAvyoma antarjagatkA svAbhAvika paritphuraNa rahatA hai aura rasodreka karaneke lie kavi svara aura layake niyamita Aroha-avarohase eka adbhuta saMgIta utpanna karatA hai, jisase zrotA yA pAThaka anirvacanIya AnandakI prApti karatA hai|

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30 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana geya kAvya likhaneme kavayitrI kunyukumArI, premalatA kaumudI, kamalAdevI, puSpalatA devI, kavi 'anuja', 'puSpendu', 'stana', 'gagavAla', 'bukhAriyA', Adiko acchI saphalatA milI hai / kavi rAmanAtha pAThaka 'praNayI'kA 'tIrthakara' zIrSaka eka solaha-satraha gItokA sundara saMkalana prakAzita huA hai| ye sabhI gIta geya hai| inameM bhAvanAoMkI bhI sundara abhivyaJjanA huI hai| -

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navA~ adhyAya hindI jaina gadya sAhityakA kramika vikAsa aura vibhinna pravRttiyA~ hindI jaina gadha sAhitya : purAtana (14vIM zatI se 19vIM zatI taka) jisame vAkyoMkI nApa-taula, zabda aura vAkyoMkA krama nizcita na ho tathA jo pratidinakI bola-cAlakI bhApAme likhA jAya, use gadya kahate haiN| pratidinake vyavahArakI vastu honeke kAraNa padyakI apekSA gadyakA adhika mahattva hai| parantu vizvakai samasta sAhityame padyAtmaka sAhityakA pracAra sudUra prAcInakAlase calA A rahA hai / mAnava svabhAvataH sagIta-priya hotA hai, ataeva usane apane bhAva aura vicArokI amivyaJjanA bhI sagItAtmaka padyoMmeM kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki gadyAtmaka sAhityakI apekSA padyAtmaka sAhitya prAcIna hai| jaina lekhakone padyAtmaka sAhitya to racA hI; para gadyAtmaka sAhitya bhI vipula parimAName likhA / sAdhAraNa janatA gadyama abhivyajita bhAvanAoko AsAnIse grahaNa kara sakatI thI, ataeva uttarIya bhAratameM aneka gadya racanAe~ 14vI zatAbdIke pahale bhI likhI gii| __ jaina hindI sAhityakA nirmANa kendra pradhAnataH jayapura, AgarA aura dillI rahA hai| ataH jaina lekhako dvArA likhA gayA gadya rAjasthAnI aura brajabhASA donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| rAjasthAname gadya lekhanakI akhaNDa

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana paramparA apabhragakAlase lekara Ajataka calI A rahI hai| isame koI Azcarya nahIM ki rAjasthAname aneka gadya grantha abhI bhI ancepakoMkI pratIkSA kara rahe hai / 40 jaina lekhakone upanyAsa yA nATakakai rUpame prAcInakAlame gadya nahIM likhA / kucha kathAe~ gadyAtmaka rUpame avazya likhI gii| prAcIna saMskRta aura prAkRtake kathAgranthoke anuvAda bhI DhUMDhArI bhASAme likhe gaye, jisase sarvasAdhAraNa ina kathAoko par3hakara dharma-adharma ke phaTako samajha sake / vastutaH jaina gadyakArone apane prAcIna granthoMkA hindI gadyame anuvAda kara gadya sAhityako pallavita kiyA hai / aneka kathAgranthoMkA to bhAvAnuvAda bhI kiyA gayA hai, jisase ina lekhakoMkI gadya-vipayaka maulika pratibhAkA sahaja parijJAna ho jAtA hai / aneka tAttvika aura AcArAtmaka granthoMkI TIkAeN bhI hindI gadyame likhI gayI, jinase duruha grantha sarvasAdhAraNake lie bhI supAThya vane / 17vI zatAbdI ke madhyabhAgame rAjamala pANDeyane gadyame samayasArapara TIkA likhI | isa TIkAne kliSTa aura agamya tAttvika carcAko atyanta sarala aura sarasa banA diyaa| isake gadyakI bhASA dvaDhArI hai, yaha rAjasthAnI bhApAkA eka bheda hai / kavivara banArasIdAsako nATaka samayasArakai canAnekI preraNA isI TIkAse prApta huI / isakI bhApAme vipayako spaSTa karanekI kSamatA hai aura jisa bAtako yaha kahanA cAhate haiM, sIdhe-sAde Dhagase use kaha dete haiM / lekhakakA bhApApara pUrA adhikAra hai, usame vizlepaNa aura vivecanakI pUrI zakti hai / saMskRtake kaThina zabdoko apanI bhASAme usane nahIM Ane diyA hai, zaktibhara hindIke paryAyI zabdoM dvArA vipayakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / bhASAme pravAha apUrva hai, pAThaka bahatA huA fares arrest prApta kara letA hai / samAsAnta prayogokA prAyaH abhAva hai / paricitase sarala tatsama zabdakA prayoga bhASAmeM mAdhurya ke sAtha bhAvAbhivyaktikI kSamatAkA paricaya de rahA hai / yadyapi Ajake yugame yaha

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41 purAtana gadya bhASA bhI durUha mAnI jAtI hai, para viSayako hRdayaMgama karanemeM isakA baDA mahattva hai / udAharaNa ke lie kucha paktiyoM uddhRta kI jAtI hai : 1 "yathA koI vaidya pratyakSapane viSa kachu pIche hai to phuni nahI mare hai aura guNa jaune hai tihiM teM aneka yAtana jAnai chai / tihiM kari viSakI prANaghAtaka zakti dUra kInI hai / vahI vipa khAya to anya jIva tatkAla mare, tihi cipaso baidya na marai / isI jAnapanAko samarthapano che athavA koI zUdra jIca matavAlo na hoi jiso tho tiso hI rahe / " kavivara banArasIdAsa hindI bhASAkai uccakoTike kavi honeke sAtha gadya racayitA bhI hai| AgarAmai bahuta dinotaka rahane ke kAraNa inake gadyakI bhASA vrajabhASA hai| inhone paramArtha- vacanikA aura upAdAna-nimittakI ciTThI gadyameM likhI hai / inakI gadyazailI vyavasthita hai, bhASAkA rUpa nikharA huA hai aura kriyApada prAyaH vizuddha vrajabhASAke hai / saskRtake kucha kriyApada bhI inakI bhASAme vidyamAna hai| likhyate, kathyate, ucyate jaise kriyApadokA prayoga bhI yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| saMskRtake tatsama zabda vipula parimANameM vartamAna haiN| banArasIdAsakI gadyazailI sajIva aura prabhAvapUrNa hai| zabda sArthaka, pracalita aura bhAvAnukUla prabhAva utpanna karanekI kSamatA rakhate hai / yadyapi vipayake anusAra pAribhASika zabdokA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, para isase liSTatA nahI AyI hai / vAkyokA gaThana svAbhAvika hai, dUrAnvaya yA ulajhe hue vAkya nahI hai / lekhakane anucchedayojanA - eka hI prasagase sambaddha eka vicAradhArAko spaSTa karanevAle vAkyoMkA sagaThana, bahuta hI sundarakI hai / bhAvoko zRMkhalAkI kaDiyokI taraha Abaddha kara rakhA hai / brajabhASAkA itanA pariSkRta rUpa anyatra zAyada hI mila sakegA / namUnA nimna hai * "eka jIva dravya jA bhautikI avasthA liye nAnArUpa parina maiM so bhA~ti anya nIvasoM mile nAhIM / bAkI aura bhA~ti / yAhI bhA~ti

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana anantAnanta svarUpa jIvadravya anantAnanta svarUpa avasthA liye vartahiM / kAhu jIvadnyake parinAma kAhu jIvadravya aura syoM milai naahiiN| yAhI bhA~ti eka pudgala paramAnU eka samaya mAhiM nA bhA~tikI avasthA dharai, so avasthA anya pudgala paramAnU nyasauM mile nAhIM / tAtai pula (paramANu ) vyakI anya anyatA jaannii|" paramArthavacanikAkI bhApAkI apekSA inakI 'upAdAna nimittakI ciTThI kI bhApA adhika paripakRta hai| yadyapi hu~dArI bhApAkA prabhAva inakI bhASA para spaSTa lakSita hai, to bhI isa ciTThIkI bhApAme bhAvapravaNatA paryApta hai| vAkyoM ke cayaname bhI lekhakane bar3I caturAIkA pradarzana kiyA hai| namUnA nimna hai "prathamahi koI pUchata hai ki nimitta 'kahA, upAdAna kahA tAko aurau-nimitta to saMyogarUpa kAraNa, upAdAna vastukI sahana zakti / tAko vyaurI-eka cyArthika nimita upAdAna, eka paryAyArthika nimitta upAdAna, tAko vyaurI-danyArthika nimitta upAdAna gunabheda klpnaa|" uparyukta uddharaNoMse spaSTa hai ki banArasIdAsake gadyameM bhAvoMke vyakta karanekI pUrNa kSamatA hai| pAThaka unake vicArose gadya-dvArA abhijJa ho sakate haiN| saMvat 1700 ke Asa-pAsa akhayarAna zrImAla hue / inhone 'caturdaza guNasthAna carcA' nAmaka svatantra grantha tathA kaI stotroMkI hindI vacanikAe~ likhiiN| lekhakane saiddhAntika viSayoko bar3e hRdaya-prAhya Dhagase samajhAyA hai / yadyapi vAkyoMke sagaThanameM truTi hai, para zabdacayana sArthaka hai| tatsama abdokA prayoga bahuta kama kiyA hai| dUrAnvaya gadyameM nahIM hai / lekhakane vyaMjanAvagrahako samajhAte hue likhA hai jo apragaTa bhavagraha hoI so vyAnAvagraha khiye| apragaTa je padArtha se tatkAla jAnyAM na naaii| jaise kore ghAsana para pAnIkI bUMda

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purAtana gadya doincyAri par3e to jAni na jAI, pAsana AlA na hoi / jaba bArambAra bhAiye tava AlA hoI, taise sparzAdi indrI 4 tinake sanamadhi je paramAnu panapaM hai te talkAla vyaJjanAvagraha kari nAhiM pragaTa hote|" uparyuka uddharaNate spaSTa hai ki AlA, vAsana jaise dezaja zabdokA prayoga evaM sanamadhi jaite apabhraMza zandoMkA prayoga inake gadyameM bahulavAse pAyA jAtA hai| zabdokI tor3a-maror3a bhI yathAsthAna vidyamAna hai| hindI vacanikakAroma pANDe hemarAjakA nAma agragaNya hai| inhone 17vIM zatIke antima pAdameM pravacanasAra TIkA, paMcAstikAya TIkA tathA maktAmara bhASA, gommaTasAra bhASA aura nayacakrakI vacanikA ye paoNca racanAe~ likhI haiM / inake gadyakI bhASA vyavasthita aura madhura hai / TIkAokI gailI purAtana hai tathA saMskRta TIkAkAroMke anusAra khaNDAnvaya karate hue lekhakake viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| yadyapi aneka sthalopara gadyame zithilatA hai, to mI bhAvAbhivyaktiI kamI nahIM Ane pAyI hai / mApAma paMDitAUpana itanA adhika hai, jisase gadyakA sArA saundarya, vikRta-sA ho gayA hai / inake gadyakA namUnA nimna hai___ "kila nizcaya kari, ahamapi maiM juhI mAnatuMga nAma AcArya so taM prathamaM jinendra stopye, so juhai prathama jinendra zrIAdinAtha tAhi stopye-svgaa| kahAkAri stotra karauMgo, ninapAdayugaM samyak praNamya-tina juheM bhagavAna tinake pAda yuga doI caraNa kamala tAhi samyak kahiye, bhalI-bhA~ti mana-vaca kAyAkari praNanya namaskAra krikai| kaiso hai bhagavAnkA caraNa dvaya |...bhktivNt juhai amara devatA, tinake nantrIbhUta ju hai mauli mukuTa tina vilu hai maNi, tinakI ju prabhA tinakA udyotaka hai| yadyapi devamukuTani udyota koTi sUryavata hai, tathApi bhagavAnke caraNa nakhakI dIpti bhAga, ve mukuTa prabhArahita hI haiN|" ___ pANDe hemarAnne ho, bhauri, u hai, so jaise brajabhASAke zabdokA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kriyApada bana aura haeNdArI dono hI bhASAmose grahaNa

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kiye haiN| choTe-choTe samAroMkA prayoga kara abhivyajanAko zaktizAlI banAnekA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kavivara rUpacanda pANDe mahAkavi banArasIdAsake abhinna mitra the| inhoMne banArasIdAsake nATaka samayasArapara hindI gadyame TIkA likhI hai| inakI gadya zailI banArasIdAsakI gadya zailIse milatI-julatI hai / vAkyagaThanameM kucha saphAI pratIta hotI hai| rUpacandane saMskRtake tatsama zabdoke sAtha jatana, pahAra, vijoga, vakhAna jaise tadbhava zabdoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / arabI-phArasIke calate hue zabda dAga, dusamana, dagA Adiko bhI sthAna diyA hai | bhAvAbhivyaJjaname saphAI aura satarkatA hai| . inake vAkya adhikatara lambe hote hai, parantu anvayame kliSTatA nahIM hai| saralatA aura spaSTatA inake gadyakI pradhAna vizeSatA hai| pracalita zabdoMke prayoga-dvArA mApAmeM pravAha aura prabhAva donoM hI ko utpanna karanekI ceSTA kI gayI hai| zuSka viSayame bhI rocakatA utpanna karanekA prayAsa stutya hai| bhApA aura zailI-sambandhI avyavasthA aura asthiratAke usa yugame isa prakArake gadyakA likhA jAnA lekhakakI pratibhA aura dUradarzitAkA paricAyaka hai / inake gadyakA namUnA nimna hai "jaise koI purupa pahArapara padika nIcI dRSTi karai taba talahaTIko purupa tisa pahArIko choTo-so lAgai, bharu talahaTI bArau purupa tihi pahAra vArauko lakhai dekhai to pahAra bArau choTo-so laage| pIche donoM utarika mile taba duhoko zrama bhaag| taise abhimAnI purupa U~cI garadana rAkhanahAroM aura jIvakoM laghu padako dAga hai itanai choTai tuccha kari nAnai / " 18vI zatAbdIke madhya bhAgame dIpacanda kAsalIvAlakA janma huaa| inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta aura apanaza bhApAke granthoMkA hindImeM anuvAda na kara svatantrarUpase jaina hindI gadya sAhityakI zrIvRddhi kii| inakI anubhava prakAza, civilAsa, guNasthAnabheda Adi dhArmika racanAe~ prasiddha hai| inakI gadyazailI saMyata hai, vAcaka zabdoMke atirikta lakSaka zabdokA

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purAtana gadya prayoga bhI inhone kiyA hai| inakI bhASA haeNUDhArI hai| choTe-choTe vAkyo me gambhIra artha prakaTa karanA inakI vaiyaktika vizeSatA hai / bhASAme tatsama saMskRta zabdo ke sAtha mAravAr3I prayoga bhI pAye jAte hai| haoN, aratrIphArasIke zabdoM kA inake gadyame abhAva hai| inake gadyako dekhanese aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki inhone jAnabUjhakara arabI-phArasIke zabdokA bahiSkAra kiyA hai; kyoki rAjasthAnI bhASAme bhI aravI - phArasIke pracalita zabdokA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / gadya zailIkI svacchatA inakI prazasanIya hai / gadyakA namUnA nimna prakAra hai- 45 1 "prathama laya samAdhi kahiye paraNAmatAkI lInatA / nija vastu viSai pariNAma karatai / rAga dopa moha meTi darasana jJAna apanA sarUpa pratItimeM anubhavai / jaise deha meM ApakI buddhi thI taise AtmAmeM buddhi dharI / cA buddhisvarUpa maiM taiM na nikasaiM, jaba tAI taba tAI' nija layasamAdhi kahiye / laya sabada bhayA nijameM pariNAmalIna arthaM bhayA / sabada arthakA jJAnapaNAM jJAna bhayA / tIna bheda laya samAdhike haiM / " baMsavAnivAsI 50 daulatarAmane puNyAstavakathAkopa, padmapurANa, AdipurANa aura vasunandi zrAvakAcAra ina cAra granthokA hindI gadyame anuvAda kiyA hai / inake gadyako hindI sAhityake prasiddha itihAsakAra pa0 rAmacandrazuklane aparimArjita khar3I bolI mAnA hai| ina gadya granthokI bhASA itanI sarala hai, jisase gujarAtI aura mahArASTrI bhI ina granthoMko bar3e cAvase paDhate hai / gujarAta aura mahArASTrake jaina sampradAyame ina granthoMne hindI bhASA ke pracArameM bar3A yoga diyA hai| yadyapi gadyapara haeNU dArIpana kI chApa hai, phira bhI yaha gadya khaDI bolI ke adhika nikaTa hai / bhApAkI saralatA, svacchatA aura vAkya gaThana inakI tarai kamanIyatA prakaTa karate hai / sAdhAraNa bolacAlakI bhASAkA prayoga inhoMne khulakara kiyA hai / inake gadyame pratidinake vyavahArame prayukta arabI-phArasI ke zabda bhI hai, jisase bhASAkA rUpa nikhara gayA hai / yadyapi

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana inakI sakhyA alpa hI hai, phira bhI inhoMne gadyako sazakta aura bhAva vyakta karaneme sakSama banAyA hai / 46 dhvani-yojanA, zabda-yojanA, anuccheda-yojanA aura prakaraNa-yojanA kA pa0 daulatarAmane pUrA nirvAha kiyA hai| bhAvokI kaTutA athavA nigdhatAkai kAraNa anukUla dhvani-varNoMkA sagaThana karaneme inhoMne kora - kasara nahI kI hai / komala, lalita aura madhura bhAvakI abhivyaktikai lie tadanukUla dhvaniyoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| anuvAdame yahI inakI maulikatA hai ki ye yuddha, rati, zrRGgAra, prema Adike varNanameM anukUla dhvaniyoMkA sanniveza kara sake hai / zabda inake sArthaka aura bhAvAnukUla hai, eka bhI nirarthaka zabda nahI milegA / vyAkaraNake niyamoMpara dhyAna rakhA gayA hai, kintu braja, DhU~DhArI aura khaDI bolIkA mizritarUpa rahane ke kAraNa vyAkaraNake niyamoMkA pUrNarUpase pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki kriyApada vikRta aura toDe-maroDe gaye hai / vAkyokA gaThana isa prakArase kiyA gayA hai, jisase gadyame asvAbhAvikatA aura kRtrimatA nahI Ane pAyI hai| vAkya yathAsambhava choTe-choTe aura eka sampUrNa vicArake dyotaka hai / eka hI prasagase sambaddha eka vicAradhArAko spaSTa karaneke lie anuccheda yojanA kI jAtI hai / lekhakane ghaTanAkI eka zRGkhalAkI kaDiyoko paraspara Abaddha karanekI pUrI ceSTA kI hai| anuccheda ke antame vicArakI agragatikA AbhAsa bhI mila jAtA hai / anuvAdaka honepara bhI paM0 daulatarAmane prakaraNokA sambandha aisA sundara Ayojita kiyA hai, jisase ve maulika racanAkAra ke samakakSa pahu~ca jAte haiM / anuvAdameM zlokoMke bhAvako eka sUtrameM pirokara kathAke pravAhako gatizIlatA dI hai| padmapurANake anuvAdame to lekhaka atyanta saphala hai| inakI gadyazailIkA namUnA nimna hai "bharata cakravartI padaka prApta bhae, bhara bharatake bhAI saba hI muni

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purAtana gadya 47 vrata dhAra paramapadako prApta hue, bharatane kucha kAla chaikhaNDakA rAjya kiyA, ayodhyA rAjadhAnI, navanidhi caudaha ratna pratyekakI hajAra-hajAra deva sevA kare, tIna koTi gAya, eka koTi hala, caurAsI lAkha hAthI, itane hI raya, agarA koTi ghoDe, battIsa hajAra mukuTabanda rAjA bhara itane hI deza mahAsampadAke bhare, chiyAnave hamAra rAnI devAMganA samAna, ityAdi cakravartIke vibhadhakA kahaoNtaka varNana kriye| podanApurame dUsarI mAtAkA putra vAhubalI so bharatakI bhAjJA na mAnate bhae, ki hama bhI Rpamadevake putra haiM kisakI AjJA mAneM, taba bharata bAhuvalIpara caDhe, senA yuddha na ThaharA, doU bhAI paraspara yuddha kareM yaha ThaharA, tIna yuddha thApe, 1 dRSTiyuddha, 2 jalayuddha bhara 3 mallayuddha / " isa uddharaNase spaSTa hai ki khar3I bolIke gadyake vikAsame inakI gadya zailIkA kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| muni vairAgyasArane saMvat 1759 me 'ATha karmanI 108 prakRti nAmaka gadya granthakI racanA kI thii| zailI aura bhApA donopara apabhrazakA pUrA prabhAva hai| 'na ke sthAnapara 'Na', dUsarephe sthAnapara 'vIjau' kA prayoga tathA dvitva varNa viziSTa bhASA pAyI jAtI hai| 19 vIM zatAbdIke Arambhame kavi bhUdharadAsane 'caracAsamAdhAna' nAmaka gadya grantha likhA hai| yadyapi isameM vimaktiyA~ DhUMDhArI hai, para bhASA khaDI bolIke atyAsanna hai / gadyazailI svastha aura bhAvAbhivyaktime sakSama hai| isame lekhakane dhArmika kAokA nirAkaraNa kara siddhAnta nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inake gadyakA namUnA nimna prakAra hai "upadeza kArya vipai to AcArya mukhya hai| pATha paThanameM upAdhyAya mukhya hai| saMyamake sAdha vipai sAdhukI vaDI zakti hai| maunAvalambI pIra virakta hai, yAta sAdhupada utkRSTa hai| samAnapane sAdhu tInoMko kahiye / bizepa vicAra viSai sAdhupadako hI jAnanA / yAte AcArya upAdhyAyako sAdhu kayo / sAdhUko bhAcArya upAdhyAya na khiye|

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48 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana savat 1820 me cainasukhane zatazlokI TIkA aura inase pahale dIpacandane bAlatantra bhASA vacanikA likhii| ina anyoMkA gadya DhU~DhArI bhASA kA hai aura zailI bhI isI bhASAkI hai | vAkyoke gaThanameM zithilatA hai| unnIsavIM zatIke madhyabhAgame 'abaucarita' nAmaka bhASA grantha amarakalyANane likhA / inake gadyapara apabhraza bhASAkA spaSTa prabhAva hai, kahI-kahI to vAkyapraNAlI aura zabda yojanA apabhraMzakI hI hai| kisI ajJAta lekhakakA 'jambU kathA' anya bhI upalabdha hai| isakI gadya racanA purAnI hU~DhArI bhASAme hai| choTe-choTe vAkyoMmeM viSayakI vyajanA spaSTa rUpase huI hai / zailImeM jIvaTapanA hai / saMskRtake tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga khulakara kiyA hai| savat 1858 me jJAnAnandane zrAvakAcAra likhA / inakA gadya bahuta hI vyavasthita aura vikAsonmukhI hai| namUnA nimna hai "sarva jagavakI sAmagrI caitanya subhASa binA jaDatva subhAvameM dhare phIkI, jaise lUna vinA malaunI roTI phIkI / tIso aise gyAnI puruSa kauna hai so jJAnAmRta ke choDha upAdhIka AkulatAsahita duSane AcareM kadAcita na aacrai|" unnIsavI zatAbdImeM hI dharmadAsane iSTopadeza-TIkA likhii| inakA gadya khaDI bolIkA hai| vibhaktiyoM purAnI hindIkI haiM, tathA unapara rAjasthAnI aura brajabhASAkA pUrA prabhAva hai| bhASA sApha sutharI aura vyavasthita hai / namUnA nimna hai "jaise jogakA upAdAna joga hai vA dhaturAkA upAdAna dhaturA hai mAnakA upAdAna Ana hai arthAt dhaturAke Ama nahIM lAgai bhara Amrake dhaturA nAhI lAgai, vaisaihI AramAke AtmAkI prAptI sambhava hai| praznaprAptakI prAptI koNa dRSTAnta kari sambhavai so kaho / uttara jaise kaMTameM motI mAlA prApta hai bhara bharamasai bhUlikari kahake merI motIkI mAlA guma gaI-merI morce prAptI kaise hovai|"

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AtmakathA -kAvya 49 19 vIM zatAbdIme hI svanAmadhanya mahApaNDita ToDaramalakA janma huA / inhoMne apanI apratima pratibhA dvArA jaina siddhAntake zraSThatama grantha gommaTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNasAra, trilokasAra, AtmAnuzAsana Adi anthokA hindI gadyame anuvAda kiyaa| anuvAdake atirikta DhU~DhArI bhASAme mokSamArgaprakAzakI racanA kI / yaha maulika grantha vipayakI dRSTise to mahattvapUrNa hai hI, para bhApAkI dRSTise bhI isakA adhika mahattva hai / DhU~DhArI bhASA honepara bhI gadyake pravAhame kucha kamI nahIM Ane pAyI hai tathA U~cese U~ce bhAvokI abhivyaJjanA bhI sundara huI hai / bhAva vyakta karaneme bhASA sazakta hai, zaithilya bilkula hI nahIM hai / gadyakA namUnA nimna prakAra hai "bahuri mAyAkA udaya hoteM koI padArthako iSTa mAni nAnA prakAra chalanikara tAkI siddhi kiyA cAheM; ratna suvarNAdika acetana padArthanikI vA strI dAsI dAsAdi sacetana padArthanikI siddhike arthi aneka chala karai, Diganeke arthi apanI aneka avasthA karai vA anya acetana sacetana padArthanikI avasthA palaTAvai ityAdi rUpa chala kari apanA abhiprAya siddha kiyA cAhai yA prakAra mAyAkI siddhi ke arthi chala to karai ara iSTasiddha honA bhavitavya AdhIna hai, vahari lobhakA udaya hote padArthanikoM iSTa mAni tinakI prApti cAheM, vastrAbharaNa dhanadhAnyAdi acetana padArthanikI tRSNA hoya, bahuri strI-putrAdi sacetana padArthanikI tRSNA hoya, bahuri Apakai vA anya sacetana acetana padArtha ke koI pariNamana honA iSTa mAni farst fae pariNamanarUpa pariNamAyA cAhai yA prakAra lobha kari iSTa prAptiko icchA tau hoya ara iSTa prApti honA bhavitavya AdhIna hai" / 19 vI zatake tRtIyapAdameM paM0 jayacandrane sarvArthasiddhi vacanikA [ 1861 ], parIkSAmukha vacanikA [ 1863 ] dravyasagraha bacanikA [ 1863 ], svAmikArttikeyAnuprekSA [ 1866 ], AtmakhyAti samayasAra [ 1864 ], devAgama stotra vacanikA [ 1866 ], aSTapAhuDa vacanikA ja

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana [ 1867 ], jJAnANaMca TIkA [ 1868 ], bhaktAmara caritra [ 1870 ], sAmAyika pATha aura candraprabha kAvyake dvitIya sargakI TIkA, patra-parIkSAvacanikA Adi grantha race / TIkAokI bhASA purAnI DhU~DhArI hai; phira bhI vipayakA spaSTIkaraNa acchI taraha ho jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha nimna gadyAca udadhRta hai 50 "yahA~ kArya grahaNa to karmakA tathA avayavIkA ara anityaguNa tathA pradhvaMsAbhAvakA grahaNa hai| bahuri kAraNako kahate haiM, samavAyI samavAya tathA pradhvaMsa ke nimittakA grahaNa hai / bahuri guNateM nitya guNakA grahaNa hai ara guNI kahate haiM guNake AzrayarUpa havyakA grahaNa haiM / bahuri sAmAnya grahaNa para, apara jAtirUpa samAna pariNAmakA grahaNa hai / 'tathaiva, tadvat' vacanatai artharUpa vizepanikA grahaNa hai| aise vaizeSikamatI mAne hai jo ina sabake bheda hI hai, ye nAnA hI haiM, abheda nAhI haiM / aisA ekAntakAra mAna hai| tAkU~ AcArya kaheM haiM ki aisA mAnane ta~ dUpaNa A hai" / 20 vI zatI ke prArambhameM paM0 sadAsukhadAsa, pannAlAla caudharI, paM0 bhAgacandra, capArAma, jauharIlAla zAha, phatehalAla, zivacandra, zivanIlAla Adi kaI TIkAkAra hue| ina TIkAoMse jaina hindI sAhityama gakA pracalana to huA, para gadyakA prasAra nahI ho sakA / Adhunika gadya sAhitya [ 20vI zatI ] jaina lekhaka Arambha se hI aise bhAvako, jinameM jIvanakA satya, mAnavakalyANakI preraNA aura saundaryakI anubhUti nihita hai, upayogI samajha sthAyI banAnekA yatna karate A rahe haiN| mAnava bhAvanAoMkI abhivyaktikA saMgraha navIna rUpase isa zatAbdIme gadyamaM jitanA kiyA gayA hai utanA padyame nahIM / kAraNa spaSTa hai ki AjakA mAnava tarka aura bhAvanA ke sAma

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Adhunika gadya sAhitya asyama hI vikAsakA mArga pAtA hai, ataH Adhunika yugameM aisA sAhitya hI adhika upayogI ho sakatA hai, jisame buddhipakSakI tArkikatA bhI paryAta mAtrAme vidyamAna rahe / jIvanakI vivecanA tathA mAnavakI vibhinna samasyAokA sarvAGgINa aura sUkSma UhApoha gayake mAdhyama dvArA hI sabhava hai| isa vIsavIM zatAbdIma viSayake anurUpa gadya aura padmaka prayogakA kSetra nirdhArita ho cukA hai| kathA-varNana, yAtrA-varNana, bhAvoke manovaijJAnika viglepaNa, samAlocanA, prAcIna gaurava-vivecana, tathya-nirapaNa Adime gadya zailI adhika saphala huI hai| isa zatAbdImeM nirmita jaina gadya sAhityake ratna sAhitya kopakI kisI bhI ratnarAzise kama mUlyavAna aura camakIle nahIM hai| yadyapi isa zatAvdIke ArambhameM jaina gadya sAhityakA zrIgaNeza vacanikAoM, nibandha aura samAlocamAoMse hotA hai to bhI kathAsAhitya aura bhAvAtmaka gadya sAhityakI kamI nahIM hai / Arambhake sabhI nivandha dhArmika, sAskRtika aura khaNDanamaNDanAtmaka hI huA karate the| kucha lekhakone prAcIna dhArmika granthokA hindI gadyame maulika svataMtra anuvAda bhI kiyA hai, para isa anuvAdakI bhApA aura zailI bhI 18vIM aura 19vIM zatIkI bhASA aura zailIse prAyaH milatI-julatI hai / paDita sadAsukhane ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArakA bhASya aura tattvArthasUtrakA bhASya-artha prakAzikAkI racanA isa zatIke Arambhame kI hai / pannAlAla caudharIne vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, jinadatta caritra, tattvAthasAra, yazodharacaritra, pANDavapurANa, bhaviSyadattacaritra Adi 35 granyoMkI vacanikAe~ likhI haiM / muni AtmArAmane khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka sAhityakA praNayana hindI gadyameM kiyA hai| ApakI bhASAme pajAbIpanA hai| pATana nivAsI campArAmane gautamaparIkSA, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, carcAsAgara Adi kI vacanikAe~, jauharIlAla zAhane sana 1915 meM padmanandi paJcavizatikA kI vacanikA, jayapura nivAsI nAthUlAla doSIne sukumAlacaritra, mahIpAlacaritra Adi; pUnIvAle pannAlAlane vidvabanavodhaka aura uttarapurANakI

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kcanikAe~ ; jayapura nivAsI pArasadAsane jAnasUryodaya aura sAracanurvigatikAkI vacanikAe~; mannAlAla bainAr3Ane sa0 1913meM prayu mna caritrakI bacanikA; zivacandrane nItivAkyAmRta, praznottarIzrAvakAcAra aura tattvArthasUtrakI vacanikAe~ eva zivajIlAlane carcAsaMgraha, bodhasAra, darzanasAra aura adhyAtmataragiNI Adi aneka granyoMkI vanikAe~ likhI hai| yahA~ namUneke lie paDita sadAsukha, zivanIlAla Adi do-eka vacanikAkAroMke gadyako uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai___"bahuri dayAdAna aisA jAnanA jo bubhukSita hoya, daridvI hoya, andhA hoya, lUlA hoya, paoNgalA hoya, rogI hoya, azakta hoya, vRddha hoya, vAlaka hoya, vidhavA hoya, tathA bAvarA hoya, anAtha hoya, videzI hoya, apane yUthate saMgata vichur3i AyA hoya, tathA bandIgRhameM rukyA hoya, bandhyA hoya, duSTanikA AtApata bhAgi AyA hoya, luTa AyA hoya, nAkA kuTumba mara gayA hoya, bhayavAna hoya aisA purupa hohU vA strI hoha tathA bAlaka hohU vA kanyA tathA tiryaca hohU, inakI kSudhA tRpA zIta uSNa roga tathA viyogAdikanikari dukhita jAni karuNAmAvarta bhojana vastrAdika dAna denA so karuNA dAnameM unakA nAti kula AcaraNAdika jAni yathAyogya dAna krnaa|" -rasnakaraNDha zrAvakAcAra, sadAsukha vacanikA vacanikAoMkI bhApApara haeNDhArI mApAkA prabhAva spaSTa rUpase vidyamAna hai / svatantra racanAoma muni AtmArAmakI racanAe~ bhApAkI dRSTise adhika parimArjita hai / yadyapi inakI bhApApara rAjasthAnI aura panAbI bhApAkA prabhAva hai, to bhI bhApAmeM bhAvoMko abhivyakta karanekI pUrNa kSamatA hai| _ "yaha jo tumhArA kahanA hai so pyArI bhAryA, vA minna mAnegA, parantu prekSAvAn koI bhI nahIM mAnegA; kyoMki isa tumAre kahanemeM koI bhI pramANa nahIM, parantu nisakA upAdAna kAraNa nahIM ho

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kiyA hai / prAcIna kakara navIna zailI, hatyaka sambandhame batAe / jaina mAdhunika gadya sAhitya kArya kabhI nahIM ho skaa| jaise gadhekA sIMga, aisA pramANa tumAre kahane bA~dhanevAlA to hai, parantu sAdhanevAlA koI bhI nahIM, kara haTha karake svakapola kalpitahI mAnoge to parIkSAvAloMkI paMktimeM kadebhI nahIM gine jaanoge| -jainatavAdarza jainagadya sAhityakA vikAsa upanyAsa, kathA-kahAnI, nATaka, nibandha aura bhAvAtmaka gadyake rUpame isa zatAbdIme nirantara hotA jA rahA hai| dhArmika racanAoM ke sivA kathAtmaka sAhityakA praNayana bhI aneka lekhakone kiyA hai| prAcIna kathAokA hindI gadyameM anuvAda tathA prAcIna kathAnakoMse upAdAna lekara navIna zailImeM kathAoMkA sujana bhI vipula parimAName kiyA gayA hai / jaina kathA sAhityake sambandhame batAyA gayA hai ki-"sabhI jaina vahAniyaoN dharmopadezakA aMga mAnanI cAhie / jainadharmopadezaka dharmopadezake lie pradhAna mAvyama kahAnIko rakhatA thaa| ina kahAniyoM meM manuSyake vartamAna jIvakI yAtrAokA hI varNana nahIM rahatA, manuSyakI AtmAkI jIvana-kathAkA bhI varNana milatA hai| AtmAko zarIrase vilaya kaise-kaise jIvana yApana karanA par3A, isakA bhI vivaraNa ina kahAniyomeM rahatA hai| karmake siddhAntame jaisI AsthA aura usakI jaisI vyAkhyA jaina kahAniyoMme milatI hai, utanI dUsare sthAnapara nahIM mila sktii| kahAnI apane svAbhAvika rUpako akSuNNa rakhatI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina kahAniyoMme bauddha jAtakoMkI apekSA lokavArtAkA zuddha rUpa milatA hai / apane dhArmika uddezyako siddha karaneke lie jaina kathAkAra sAdhAraNa kahAnIkI svAbhAvika samAtipara eka kevalIko athavA samyagdRSTiko asthita kara detA hai, vaha kahAnImeM Aye duHkha-sukhakI 1. dekhiye-'harTala'kA nibandha, 'bhAna di liTarecara oNva dizvetAmbarAna bhAva gujraat| 2. e. ena. upAdhye, bRhatkathAkopako bhuumikaa|

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana vyAkhyA unake pichale janmake kimI karmake sahAre kara detA hai| isI vidhAna ke kAraNa jaina kahAniyoMkA jAtakoMse maulika antara ho jAtA hai / yadyapi rUpa-rekhAmeM ye kahAniyoM bhI bauddha kahAniyoMke samAna hai, to bhI gailika antara yaha ho jAtA hai ki jaina kahAniyA~ vartamAnako pramukhatA denI haiN| bhUtakAlako vartamAnake duHkha-sukhakI vyAkhyA karane aura kAraNa nirdezake lie hI lAyA jAtA hai / bauddha jAtakaoNma vartamAna gauNa hai, bhUtakAla - pUrvajanmakI kahAnI pramukha hotI hai| jaina kahAniyAMka isI bhAvake kAraNa unameM kahAnIke andara kahAnI milatI hai, jisameM kahAnI naTila ho jAtI hai / hindImeM jaina kahAniyoM likhI gayIM haiM, kintu ve prakAzameM nahIM A sakI haiN|"" 51 jainakathA sAhityakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM pahale kathA milatI hai, pazcAt dhArmika yA naitika jJAna jaise aMgUra khAnevAleko prathama rasa aura svAda milatA hai, pazcAt vala-vIrya / jo upanyAsa yA kahAnI vicAra- bojhila aura nIrasa hotI hai tathA jahA~ kathAkAra pahale upadezaka bana jAtA hai, vahA~ kalAkArako kathA kahanemeM kabhI saphalatA nahI mila sakatI | jaina kahAniyoMmeM kathAvastu sarvaprathama rahatI hai, paJcAt dharmApradeza yA nIti / inameM samAna vikAsa aura lokapravRttikI gaharI chApa vidyamAna hai / ballutaH jaina kathAe~ nItibodhaka, marmadAzI aura Anake yugake lie nitAnta upayogI haiN| inameM vyApaka lokAnuraMjana aura lokamaMgalakI kSamatA hai | upanyAsa isa zatAbdI meM kaI jaina lekhakoMne purAtana jaina kathAnakoMko lekara marasa aura ramaNIya upanyAsa likhe haiM / ina upanyAsoMmeM janatAkI AyyAtmika AvazyakatAoMkA nirupaNakara usake mAtrajagatke gharAtalko 1. vrataloka sAhityakA adhyayana / 11

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upanyAsa UMcA uThAnekA pUrA prayAsa vidyamAna hai| vartamAnameM janatAkA jitanA Arthika zoSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai, usase kahIM adhika AdhyAtmika shopnn| samAja nirmAName Arthika zoSaNa utanA bAdhaka nahI, jitanA AdhyAtmika zoSaNa / Arthika zoSaNase samAjame garIbI utpanna hotI hai, aura garIbIse azikSA, bhAvAtmaka zUnyatA, asvAsthya Adi doSa utpanna hote haiM / parantu AdhyAtmika hAsa honese janatAkA mAva-jagat asara ho jAtA hai, jisase ucca sukhamaya jIvanakI abhilASApara kA aura sandehokA tuSArApAta hue binA nahIM raha sktaa| AtmavizvAsa aura naitika balake naSTa ho jAnese jIvana marusthala bana jAtA hai aura hRdayakI AkAMkSAoMkI saritA, jisame ujjvala bhaviSyakA zveta candramA apanI jyotsnA DAlatA hai, zuSka par3a DAtI hai| AtmavizvAsake cale jAnepara jIvana udbhrAnta aura kikarttavya-vimUDha ho jAtA hai aura jIvaname Antarika vizRMkhalatA bhItara praviSTa ho jIvanako asta-vyasta banA detI hai| jaina upanyAsoma kathAke mAdhyamase isa AdhyAtmika bhUkhako miTAnekA pUrA prayatla kiyA gayA hai| ___ AtmavizvAsa kisa prakAra utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai ? naitika yA Atmika utthAna, jo ki jIvanako viSama paristhitiyose dhakA lagAkara Age bar3hAtA hai, kI jIvaname kitane parimANameM AvazyakatA hai ? yaha jaina upanyAsase spaSTa hai / jIvanakI viDambanAoMko dUrakara AdhyAtmika kSudhAko zAnta karanA jaina upanyAsokA pradhAna lakSya hai| ___ jIvana aura jagatke vyApaka sambandhokI samIkSA jaina upanyAsoma mArmika rUpase kI gayI hai / kathAnaka itanArocaka hai ki pAThaka vAstavika sasArake asantoSa aura hAhAkArako bhUlakara kalpita sasArameM hI vicaraNa nahIM karatA, kintu apane jIvanake sAtha nAnAprakArakI krIr3Ae~ karane lagatA hai| ye krIr3Ae~ anubhUtiyoke bhedase kaI prakArakI hotI hai / AgA, AkAkSA, prema, ghRNA, karuNA, nairAzya AdikA jitanA saphala citraNa jaina upanyAsakAroMne kiyA, utanA anyatra zAyada hI mila skegaa|

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana . jaina upanyAsekI sugaThita kathAvastuma ghaTanAe~ eka dUsarese isa prakAra sambaddha hai, ki sAdhAraNataH unhe alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura sabhI antima pariNAma yA upasahArakI ora agrasara hotI hai| kathAvastuke bhinna-bhinna avayava itane sugaThita haiM, jisase ina upanyAsoMkI racanA eka vyApaka vidhAnake anusAra mAnI jA sakatI hai| pravAha itanA svAbhAvika hai, jisase kRtrimatAkA kahIM nAma-nizAna bhI nahIM hai| kathAvastuke sugaThanake sivA caritra-citraNa bhI jaina upanyAsoM meM vilepAtmaka [ eneliTika] aura kAryakAraNa sApekSa yA nATakIya [DAmeTika ] donoM hI rItiyose kiyA gayA hai| caritra-citraNakI sabase utkRSTa kalA yaha hai ki apane pAtroMko prANazaktise sampannakara unheM jIvanakI raMgasthalIma sukha-duHkhase oNkhamicaunI karaneko chor3a de| jIvana ke ghAta-pratighAta, utkarSa-apakarSa evaM harSa-vipAda lekhaka-dvArA binA TIkA-TippaNa kiye pAtroke caritrase svataH vyakta ho jAnemeM upanyAsakI saphalatA hai / adhikAMza jaina lekhakoMke upanyAsa mAnava caritra-citraNakI dRSTise khare utarate haiN| jijJAsA aura kautUhalavRttiko zAnta karanekI kSamatA bhI jaina upanyAsoMme hai| kathopakathana vAstavika jIvanakI anurupatAke anusAra hai| jaina upanyAsoMme pAtroMkI vAta-cIta svAbhAvika tathA prasaMgAnukUla hai| nirarthaka kathopakathanoMkA abhAva hai| Adarza kathopakathana pAtroMke bhAvoM, pravRttiyoM, manovegoM aura ghaTanAokI prabhAvAnvitike sAtha kArya pravAhako Age bar3hAtA hai| paristhitiyoMke anusAra pAtroMke vArtAlApama parivartana karAkara siddhAntoM, AcAra-vyavahAroMkA digdarzana bhI karAyA gayA hai| jaina upanyAsoM ke AdhAra purAtana kathAnaka haiM, jinameM nara nArI, unake * sAMsArika nAte-rizte, unake rAga-dvapa, krodha-karuNA, sukha-duHkha, jIvanasaMgharSa evaM unakI jaya-parAjayakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| naitika tathya yA AdarzakA nirUpaNa jaina upanyAsome pradhAnarUpase vidyamAna hai| jIvana

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upanyAsa kA nirIkSaNa, manana, mAnavakI pravRtti aura manovegoMkI sUkSma parakha, anubhUta satyoM aura samasyAoMkA sundara samAhAra ina upanyAsome atyalpa hai| durAcArake Upara sadAcArakI vijaya jisa kauzala ke sAtha dikhalAI gaI hai, yaha pAThakake hRdayame naitika Adarza utpanna karaneme pUrNa samartha hai| yadyapi jaina upanyAsa abhI bhI zaizava avasthAme haiM; ananta hRdayasparzI mArmika kathAoke rahate hue bhI isa ora jaina lekhakoMne dhyAna nahIM diyA hai, to bhI jIvanake satya aura AnandakI abhivyaJjanA karane vAle kaI upanyAsa haiM / jaina lekhakoMko abhI apAra kathAsAgarakA manthana kara ratna nikAlanekA prayala karanA zeSa hai| nIce kucha upanyAsokI samIkSA dI jAtI hai__ yaha zrIjainendrakizora ArA-dvArA likhita eka choTA-sA upanyAsa hai| Aja hindI sAhityakA aka nitya naye naye upanyAsoMse bharatA jA rahA hai, ra isa kAraNa Adhunika aupanyAsikakalAkA stara pahale kI apekSA unnata hai; para 'manovatI' usa kAlakA upanyAsa hai, jaba hindI sAhityame upanyAsokA janma ho rahA thA, isI kAraNa isameM Adhunika aupanyAsika tattvokA prAyaH amAva hai| mahAratha nAmake eka seTha hastinApurame rahate the| vaha saubhAgyazAlI lakSmIputra the, unakI eka atyanta dharmaniSTha manovatI nAmakI kanyA _ thii| vayaska honepara pitAne usakI zAdI jauharI kathAvata hemadattake putra buddhisenase kara dI, jo ballabhapuranivAsI the| manovatIne guruse niyama liyA thA ki vaha pratidina gajamuktAkA puja bhagavAnke sAmane car3hAkara bhojana kregii| zvazurAlayameM jAkara bhI usane apane niyamAnusAra mandirameM gajamuktA caDhAkara hI bhojana grahaNa kiyaa| prAtaHkAla nagarakI mAlinane jaba gajamotI dekhe, to bahuta prasanna huI aura puraskAra pAneke lomase ballabhapura-narezakI 1.14 maI san 1909me ApakI mRtyu ho gii|

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana choTI rAnIke pAsa mAlAmeM gUMtha kara le gayI / mAlinake isa vyavahArase bar3I rAnI rUTha gayI / narezane unheM gajamotiyokA hAra lA denekA AzvAsana dekara mnaayaa| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla nagarake jauhariyoko bulAkara unhoMne gajamotI lAnekA Adeza diyA / lAlacavaza sabhI jauhariyoMne gajamuktA lAneme asamarthatA prakaTa kii| jauharI hemadattane rAjasabhAma to ganamuktA lAnese inkAra kara diyA, para ghara Akara socane lagA ki jaba mere putra buddhisenakI bahU gharameM AyegI, to sabhI bheTa khula jAyagA / rAnA merI sArI sampatti luTavA legA aura maiM daridrI bana khAka chaanuuNgaa| ataeva apane chaH putroMse parAmarzakara vadhU gharame na A sake, isalie buddhisenako nirvAsita kara diyaa| vivaza buddhisena gharase nikalakara apane zvazurAvya hastinApura AyA aura patnIke anurodhase donoM dampati sampatti arjana karanekI icchAse nistabdha rAtrimeM cupa-cApa gharase nikala gaye / dharmaparAyaNa patnIkI sahAyatA se buddhisenane ratnapura pahuMcakara vahaoNke rAjAko prasanna kiyA / ratnapurake rAjAne prasanna hokara apanI putrIkA vivAha buddhisenase kara diyA aura apAra sampatti dahejame dii| apanI donoM paliyoke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahate hue buddhisenane kaI varSa vyatIta kiye / eka dina dharmaniSTha manovatIne buddhisenako saMsArakI damAse paricita kiyA aura eka jinAlaya nirmANa karanekI preraNA kii| patnIkI preraNA pAkara buddhisenane lagabhaga eka karor3a rupaye kharcakara eka bhavya mandira banavAyA / isa samaya buddhisenakA vyApAra bahuta unnatipara thA, kaI araba rupaye usake pAsa ekatrita the| buddhisenake mAtA-pitA aura bhAI-bhAbhiyo, jinhoMne buddhisenako gharase nikAla diyA thA, jinadevake apamAnake kAraNa nirdhanI hokara AjIvikAke lie idhara-udhara bhaTakane lge| saubhAgya yA durbhAgyase ve caudaha prANI buddhisenake bhavya mandirame kAma karanevAle majadUroM ke sAtha kArya karane lge| krodhAvezame buddhisenane pahale to unase majadUrI karAyI ; kintu

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upanyAsa ' 59 pAtra kucha dinoM bAda manovatIke kahanese unakA sammAna kiyaa| isI bIca vallamapura-nareza dvArA nimantrita honepara sabhI vahA~ cale gye| ___ yahI isa upanyAsakI kathAvastu hai / kathAvastu paurANika honeke kAraNa koI navInatA isame nahIM hai / nArI-saundarya aura sampattikA nirUpaNa zacIna praNAlIpara huA hai| kathAnakameM laukika premake digdarzanake sAtha alaukikatAkA bhI samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, yahI isakI vizeSatA hai| isa upanyAsake pradhAnapAtra hai-manovatI aura buddhisena / anya saba pAtra gauNa haiM / manovatI svaya isa upanyAsakI nAyikA hai / isakA citraNa eka Adarza bhAratIya lalnAke spameM huA hai| dharma aura AdarzameM isakI ananya zraddhA hai| apanI prakhara pratimAke kAraNa yaha ATha mahIne meM hI zikSAme pAragata ho jAtI hai| isakI dharmaparAyaNatAkA jvalanta udAharaNa to hameM taba milatA hai, jaba vaha tIna dina satata upavAsa karatI raha jAtI hai, para binA gajamuttA car3hAye bhojana nahIM krtii| nArI-sulabha sahana sakrocakI bhAvanA usame vyAsa hai| bhAratIyatA aura pAtivratase ota-prota yaha nArI duHkhameM bhI patikA sAtha nahIM chodd'tii| pati dUsarI zAdI kara letA hai, para patike sukhakA khyAlakara vaha tanika bhI burA nahIM maantii| jainadharmame aTala vizvAsa rakhate hue vaha sadA patiko sadaguNokI aura prerita karatI hai| lekhaka manovatIke caritra-citraNameM bahuta aMzomeM saphala huA hai / manovaijJAnika ghAta-pratidhArtAkA vizleSaNa bhI kara sakA hai| buddhisenako isa upanyAsakA nAyaka kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu lekhaka isake caritra-vizleSaName saphala nahIM huA hai| Arambhame buddhisena sadAcArIkai rUpame thAtA hai, para pIche "mamatA pAi kAhi mada nAhI" kahAvatake anusAra dhana-maTake kAraNa vha krUra aura kRtaghnI ho jAtA hai| apanI pahalI patnI manovatIke upakAroMko vismRta kara dUsarI zAdI kara letA hai aura apane mAtA-pitA tathA bandhuoMko apAra kaSTa detA hai| eka

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana sadAcArI vyaktikA isa prakArakA parivartana kramazaH honA cAhiye thA, para lekhakane isa parivartanako tvarita vegase dikhalAyA hai; jisase kucha reaterfvakatA A gaI hai / manovatI ke caritra - vilepaNa ke samakSa anya pAtrAMke caritra bilkula dava gaye haiM, jisase aupanyAsikatA ke vikAsa meM bAdhA pahu~cI hai| isa upanyAsakI zailI meM prabhAvotpAdakatAkA abhAva hai| manobhAvAMkI abhivyaJjanA karaneke lie jisa sajIva aura pravAhapUrNa bhApAkI AvavyakatA hotI hai, usakA isameM prayoga nahIM kiyA zailI aura gayA hai| haoN, kathopakathanase pAtroke caritra-citraNamaM kathopakathana tathA kathAkai vikAsameM paryApta sahAyatA milI hai| jaba mahAratha apanI putrI manovatI se kahatA hai ki - "isa niyamakA kadAcit nirvAha na ho; kyoMki jabataka tU hamAre ghara meM hai, tabataka to saba kucha ho sakatA hai; parantu sasurAla jAnepara bhArI ar3acana par3hegI / " usa samaya nissaMkoca aura nirbhIkatA pUrvaka uttara detI hai / pitAkA isa prakAra putrIse kahanA aura putrIkA saMkoca na karanA khaTakatA - sA hai / anya sthoMmeM kathopakathana maryAdAyukta aura svAbhAvika hai / bhASA calatI-phiratI hai / aneka sthaloMpara ligaDhopa bhI vidyamAna hai / uhA~ eka ora tar3akI, sunaharI, caughare, joti, khaTA-paTAsa dikhI Adi dezI zabda paryApta mAtrAmeM pAye jAte haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora aphatAba, mahatAba, murAda, phasAda, kartRta, khAtiradArI, hAsila, hatAza Adi arabIphArasIke zabdoMkI bhI bharamAra hai| ArA nivAsI honeke kAraNa bhojapurI kA prabhAva mI bhApApara hai| phira bhI bola-cAlakI bhASA honeke kAraNa zailI saralatA A gaI hai / yadyapi aupanyAsika tattvokI kasauTIpara, yaha varA nahIM utaratA hai, para prayogakAlIna racanA honeke kAraNa isakA mahattva hai| hindI upanyAsoM

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upanyAsa kI gati-vidhiko avagata karane ke lie isakA mahattva 'candrakAntA santati' se kama nahIM hai| ___ kamalinI, satyavatI, sukumAla, manoramA aura zaratakumArI ye pA~ca upanyAsa zrI jainendrakizorane aura bhI likhe haiM ; para ye upalabdha nahIM hai| ina sabhI upanyAsomeM dhArmika aura sadAcArakI mahattA dikhalAyI gayI hai| prayogakAlIna racanAe~ honese kalAkA pUrA vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai| isa upanyAsake racayitA muni zrI tilkavijaya haiM / ApakA AdhyAtmika kSetrame apUrva sthAna hai| dharmaniSTha honeke kAraNa Apake hRdayame dharmAnurAgakI saritA nirantara pravAhita hotI * rahatI hai / isI sariNIme prasphuTita zraddhA, vinaya, upakAravRtti, dhairya, kSamatA Adi guNose yukta kamala apanI bhInI-bhInI sugandhase jana-janake manako AkRSTa karate haiM / upanyAsake kSetrame bhI inakI masta gandha pRthak nahI / vAstavame adhyAtma viSayakA zikSaNa upanyAsa-dvArA sarasa rUpameM diyA gayA hai| kaDavI kunainapara cInIkI cAsanIkA parata lagA diyA gayA hai| isa upanyAsame aupanyAsika tattvoMkI pracuratA hai| pAThaka AdarzakI nIvapara yathArthakA prAsAda nirmita karanekI preraNA grahaNa karatA hai| Ajake yugame upanyAsakI sabase bar3I saphalatA Tekanikame hai| isa upanyAsame TekanikakA nirvAha acchI taraha kiyA gayA hai| Arambhame hI hama dekhate haiM ki bIsa-paccIsa ghuDasavAra cale jA rahe hai, uname eka dhIravIra raNadhIra vyakti hai| usake svabhAvAdise paricita honeke sAtha-sAtha hamArA mana usase vArtAlApa karaneko cala uThatA hai| isa yuvakakI, jisakA nAma ratnendu hai, tatparatA jagalame zikAra khelaneke samaya prakaTa ho jAtI hai / usake dhairya aura kAryakSamatA pAThakoMko umaMga aura sphUrti pradAna karate hai / ratnendukI vIratAkA varNana usake bichur3e sAthI nayapAladvArA kitane sundara Dhagase huA hai

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana "nahIM nahIM, yaha bAta kabhI nahIM ho sakatI, Apake vicAroMko hamAre hRdayameM bilkula avakAza nahIM mila sktaa| ve kisI hiMsra jAnavarake paMje meM bhA jAya~, yaha bAta sarvathA asambhava hai / kyoMki mujhe unakI vIratA aura kalA-kuzalatAkA bhalI-bhA~ti paricaya hai / " I isa prakAra do pariccheda samApta honetaka pAThakokI jijJAsA vRtti jyoMkI tyo banI rahatI hai / ratnendukA nAma pA jijJAsA kucha zAnta honA cAhatI hai ki eka karuNakrandana caukA detA hai / pAThaka yA zrotAkI zrotrendriyake sAtha samasta indriyA~ udhara daur3a jAtI hai aura apaneko usa rahasyame kho padmanikA nAma pA Anandavibhora ho jAtI hai / ratnendu isa bhIpaNa aura hRdaya-drAvaka svarame apanA nAma suna kikarttavyavimUDha ho jAtA hai, aura thor3I hI dera me svastha ho kaSTanivAraNArtha udharako hI calA jAtA hai / ratnedu apanI talvArale kapAlIke khUnI pajese bAlikAko mukta karatA hai / padmani eka saghana vRkSakI zItala chAyAme pahu~cakara apanA duHkha nivedana karatI hai / nArIkI zraddhA, niSkapaTatA, tyAga eva satItvakA paricaya padmanikai vacanose sahajame mila jAtA hai / padmalocana satI hai, mahAsatI hai, usame lajjA hai, sneha hai, mamatA hai, mRdutA hai aura hai kaThoratA adharma ke prati, avidyAke phandeme par3anepara bhI saceSTa rahatI hai| vaha agnikI jvalanta lapaToM se pyAra karaneko tatpara hai, kintu apane zIlako akSuNNa banAye rakhanA cAhatI hai / ratnenduke lie vaha AtmasamarpaNa pahale hI kara cukI thI, ataH zraddhAvibhora ho vaha kahatI hai- "jyotipIne kahA, kucha hI samaya bAda ratnendu candrapurakI gIkA mAlika hogA / vaha rUpa lAvaNya se ApakI kanyA yogya vahI ghara hai| usI samayase maiM use apanA sarvasva samajha baiThI aura isa asAdhya saMkaTameM unakA nAma ramaraNa kiyaa| maiMne pratijJA kI hai ki ratnenduke sAtha vivAha karUMgI, anyathA Ajanma brahmacAriNI rhuuNgii|" isa milana ke pazcAt punaH viyoga Arambha hotA hai / kapAlIkA putra 62

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ra padmanikA apaharaNa karatA hai / saubhAgyase tapasviyo dvArA usakA paritrANa hotA hai aura vaha apane pitAke pAsa calI AtI hai / ratnendu use prApta karaneke lie bhramaNa karatA hai / isI bhramaName usakI eka dharmAtmA vRddha zrAvakase bheTa hotI hai, jo apane jIvanako mAnavase deva banAnekA icchuka hai| usakI abhilApA vanakhaDake devAlayoMmeM sthita ratnenduse TakarAtI hai / ratnendu usa maraNAsanna bhAvakako NamokAra mantra sunAtA hai / mantrake prabhAvase zrAvaka uttamagati pAtA hai / upanyAsa ratnendu kisI kAraNavaza campA nagarameM jAtA hai aura vahIpara vidhipUrvaka padmani ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa ho jAtA hai / kucha dinoM taka vahA~ rahaneke uparAnta mAtA-pitAkI yAda A jAne se vaha apane deza lauTa AtA hai aura rAja sampadAkA upabhoga karane lagatA hai / isI bIca sarpa vipase AkrAnta hokara ratnendu mUrchita ho jAtA hai; para mmazAname pUrvokta zrAvaka, jo ki devagatiko prApta ho gayA thA, Akara usakA viSa haraNa kara jIvana pradAna karatA hai / vasanta Rtu ratnendu sasainya upavanameM vihAra karane jAtA hai aura lahalahAte hue vRkSako ekAeka sUkhA dekhakara sasArakI kSaNabhaMguratA socane lagatA hai / usakA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura cala par3atA hai Atmasiddhike lie | thoDI hI derame ratnendu pAThakoMke samakSa saMnyAsI ke bhepame upasthita hotA hai aura AtmasAdhanAme rata rahakara apanA kalyANa karatA hai / yaha upanyAsa jIvana ke tathyakI abhivyaJjanA karatA hai / ghaTanAokI pradhAnatA hai / lekhakane pAtroke caritrake bhItara baiThakara jhAkA hai, jisase caritra mUrtimAna ho uThe haiN| bhASA viSaya, bhAva, vicAra, pAtra aura paristhitike anukUla parivartita hotI gayI hai / yadyapi bhASAsambandhI aneka bhUleM isame raha gayI haiM, to bhI bhASAkA pravAha akSuNNa hai /

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana yaha eka dhArmika upanyAsa hai / isake lekhaka svanAmadhanya paMDita gopAladAsa varaiyA haiM / kuzala kalAkAra ne isa upanyAsame dhArmika siddhAntoMkI vyaMjana ke lie kAlpanika citroko itanI madhuratA aura manomugdhatAse khIcA hai, jisase pAThaka guNasthAna jaise kaThina viSayoko kathA ke mAdhyamadvArA sahajameM avagata kara letA hai / suzIlA 64 isakA kathAnaka atyanta rocaka aura zikSAprada hai / ghaTanAe~ zRkhalAvaddha nahIM haiM, kintu ghaTanAoMkA Arambha aura anta aise kalApUrNa Dhagase hotA hai, jisase pAThakakI utsukatA bar3hatI jAtI hai / antame jIvanake Arambha aura antakI zrRMkhalA spaSTa ho jAtI hai, kalAkA prArambha jIvana madhyakI AkarSaka ghaTanAse hotA hai / vijayapura ke mahArAja zrIcandrake suputra jayadevakI yogyatAse prasanna hokara mahArAja vikramasiMha apanI rUpaguNayuktA suzIlA kanyAkA pANigrahaNa usase kara dete haiM / suzIlAkI rUpasudhApara kathAvastu maeNDarAnevAlA pApI udayasiMha yaha sahana na kara sakA / kAmottejita hokara unake vinAzakA paDyantra racane lagA / vivAhAnantara donoM vidA hue| mArgame udayasiMhane Tukachipakara sAtha pakaDa liyA, sAmudrika mArga se jAnekI salAha huI / sAmudrika vAyuke zItala jhokese nidrA Ane lagI / udayasiMha aura valvantasiMha dono krUra mitrone mallAhase khUba ghulamilakara bAteM kIM aura dhokhA dekara bIcame hI naukA DuvA dI gyii| nAvame jayadevakA paramamitra bhUpasiMha aura suzIlAkI do-cAra sakhiyA~ bhI thIM / aba kyA ? jayadeva eka takhte ke sahAre DUbate-utarAte kinAre lagA / dhIre-dhIre kancanapura pahu~cA / usakI dayanIya dazA dekha ratnacandra nAmaka eka prasiddha jauharIne Azraya diyA / jayadeva ratnaparIkSAme nipuNa thA, 1. prakAzaka, di0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata /

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upanyAsa ataeva ratnacandra usase atyanta prasanna rahatA thaa| ratnacandrakI patnI rAmakuMvari aura putra hIrAlAla donoM viSayAsakta aura durAcArI the| rAmaku~varine jayadevako phaMsAneke lie nAnA prakArase mAyAjAla phailAyA, para saba vyartha rhaa| jayadeva sarala aura satpuruSa thA, ataeva pApase bhayabhIta rahatA thA / ratnacandra eka dina kAryavaza kheTapura gyaa| patnIke caritrapara sandeha honeke kAraNa mArgamese hI laiTa AyA aura AdhI rAta ghara phuNcaa| yahA~ AkAra rAmaku~vari aura hIrAlAlake kukRtyako dekhakara krodhase usakI oNkheM Arakta ho gaI, icchA huI ki pApIko ucita sajA dI jAya, kintu tatkSaNa hI use virAga ho gayA, vaha kucha na bolaa| dhIra gambhIra ranacada udAsIna ho cala par3A muktike pthpr| prAtaHkAla jayadeva yaha saba dekha avAka raha gayA / ratnacandakA likhA patra prApta huA, use par3hakara usake mukhase nikalA "hA | ralacanda hamegA ke lie calA gyaa| kucha dinotaka vaha gharakA bhAra simeTe rahA, kintu rAmakuMvari aura hIrAlAlake duzcaritrase avakara vaha sampattikA bhAra eka vizvAsI vyaktipara chor3a ajJAta dizAkI ora cala diyaa| idhara kumArI suzIlAkI burI dazA thI / vaha sUryapurAke udyAnake eka vagalemeM mUrchita paDI thI / udayasiMhane use yahA~ chupA diyA thaa| krUra udayasiMhane satIpara hAtha uThAnA cAhA, kintu suzIlAkI raudramUrti aura adbhuta sAhasako dekhakara ikA-bakkA raha gyaa| revatI usakI pyArI sakhI thI, usane suzIlAko mukta karaneke lie nAnA SaDyantra kiye para suzIlAkA patA na claa| jayadeva jaba kacanapurase lauTa rahA thA ki rAsteme bhUpasiMhase mulAkAta : ho gyii| donoM suzIlAkA patA lagAneke lie vyagra the| udayasiMhakI ora1 se donoMko AzakA thI / bhUpasiMhane jhaTa patA lagA liyA ki udayasihake : bAgake eka baMgaleme suzIlA ekAntavAsa kara rahI hai| mAlinake vepame jayadeva usake nikaTa pahuMcA aura donoMkA paraspara milana ho gyaa|

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66 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana jayadeva, suzIlA aura bhUpasiha punaH vijayapurakI tarapha ravAnA hue| catudizAme Ananda chA gayA, duHkhI mAtA-pitAko sAntvanA milii| hIrAlAlakI patnI subhadrA patibhaktA aura suzIlA thI, para duSTa hIrAlAlane usakA yathocita sammAna nahIM kiyaa| hIrAlAla aura rAmakuMvarikI burI dazA huI, unakA kAlA mukha karake zaharameM ghumAyA gyaa| subhadrAkA putra sampattikA svAmI bnaa| virAgI ratacandra dIkSita hokara vimalakIrti munike nAmase prasiddha huA / antame zrIcandra, vikramasiMha aura bhUpasihake pitA raNavIrasiMhako bhI vairAgya ho gayA / mahArAnI madanavegA aura vidyAvatI bhI AryikA ho gyiiN| isa upanyAsameM pAtrokI sakhyA atyadhika hai ; para purupapAtrome jayadeva, ratnacandra, hIrAlAla, bhUpasiMha, udayasiMha Adi aura - nArI-pAtroMme suzIlA, rAmakuMvari, subhadrA aura revatI pradhAna haiM / ina pAtroke caritra-vizleSaNapara hI kathA stambha khaDA kiyA gayA hai| jayadeva uccakulIna rAjaputra hai| vipattime sumeruke samAna dRDha aura sahanazIla hai / uttaradAyitvako nibhAnemeM dRr3ha, niSkapaTa aura brahmacArI hai| patnIke prati anurakta hai ; jI-toDa zrama karanese vimukha nahI hotA hai| ratnacandra apane nagarakA prasiddha jauharI hai / nyAya aura karttavyaparAyaNa honese hI nagarame usakA apUrva sammAna hai| manuSya parakhanekI kalAme bhI yaha utanA hI kuzala hai, jitanA ratna parakhanekI kalAme / Adarza aura sadAcArako yaha jIvana ke lie Avazyaka tattva mAnatA hai / jaba duzcaritrakA sAkSAtkAra use ho jAtA hai, vaha viraka ho dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai| hIrAlAla vyasanI, vyabhicArI aura krUra prakRtikA hai| apanI sautelI maoNke sAtha duSkarma karate hue ise kisI bhI tarahakI hicakicAhaTa

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upanyAsa nahIM / pApa-puNyakA mahattva isakI dRSTime nagaNya hai| vicAra aura vivekase ise chuA-chUta nahIM hai| udayasiha eka sAhUkArakA putra hai, kintu vAsanAne isakI buddhi bhraSTa kara dI hai| yaha balAtkArako burA nahIM mAnatA / lekhakane ina sabhI puruSa pAtroke caritra-citraName aupanyAsika kalAkI upekSA upadezaka yA dharmazAna honekA hI paricaya diyA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNase kisI bhI pAtrakA caritra citrita nahIM huA hai| strIpAtroMke caritrame eka ora suzIlA jaisI Adarza ramaNIkA cAritrika vikAsa akita kiyA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora rAmaku~ari jaisI durAcAriNI nArIkA caritra / dono hI caritrokA vizleSaNa yathArtha rUpase kiyA gayA hai tathA pAThakoMke samakSa jIvanake dono hI pakSa upasthita kiye haiN| ___ yaha upanyAsa eka ora Adarza jIvanakI jhaoNkI dekara naitika utthAna kA mArga prastuta karatA hai to dUsarI ora kutsita jIvanakA naMgA citra khIcakara kupathagAmI honese rokanekI zikSA detA hai| sadAcArake prati AkarpaNa aura durAcArake prati garhaNa utpanna karaneme yaha racanA samartha hai| kalAkI dRSTise bhI yaha upanyAsa saphala hai| isame bhAvanAe~ sarasa, svAbhAvika aura hRdayapara coTa karanevAlI haiN| kathAkA pravAha pAThakake utsAha aura amilApAko dviguNita karatA hai| samasta jIvanake vyApAra zRkhalAbaddha aura caritra-nirmANake anukUla hai / sabase bar3I vizeSatA isa upanyAsakI yaha hai ki isakA kalevara vyarthake hAva-bhAvoMse nahI bharA gayA hai kintu jIvanake antarvAhya pakSokA udghATana bar3I khUbIse kiyA gayA hai| dhArmika zikSAokA vAhulya honepara bhI kayAkI samarasatAme virodha nahIM Ane pAyA hai| Arambhase antataka utsukatA guNa vidyamAna hai| haoN, dhArmika siddhAnta rasAnubhUtiyome bAdhaka avazya hai /

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana isakI zailI praur3ha hai| kAvyakA saundarya jhalakatA hai tathA bhAvanAoMko ghaTanAoMke sAtha sAkAra rUpame dikhalAyA gayA hai| prAkRtika citroM dvArA kahIM-kahI bhAvoMko sAkAra banAnekI adbhuta ceSTA kI gayI hai / isameM alaMkAroMkA AkarSaka prayoga, citramaya varNana, abhinayAtmaka kathopakathana vidyamAna hai jisase pratyeka pAThakakA pUrA anurajana karatA hai / mApA vizuddha aura parimArjita hai, muhAvare aura sRktiyoMke prayogane bhApAko aura bhI jIvaTa banA diyA hai| zrI vIrendrakumAra jaina ema0 e0kA yaha zreSTha upanyAsa hai| isameM kutUhalavRtti aura ramaNavRtti donoMkI parituTika lie ghaTanA-camatkAra aura . bhAvAnubhUtikA sundara samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| isameM 'muktidUta pavanaMjayake AtmavikAsa aura AtmasiddhikI kathA hai| 'ahaM' ke andhakArAgArase purupako nArIne apane tyAga, balidAna, vAtsalya aura AtmasamarpaNake prakAza-dvArA mukta kiyA hai| muktidUtakA kathAnaka paurANika hai| kumAra pavanajaya Adityapurake mahArAja prahalAdake ekamAtra putra hai / eka vAra mAtA-pitAsahita pavanajaya kailAzakI yAtrAse lauTakara mArga, mAnasarovarake taTa* para Thahara gye| eka dina mAnasarovarakI apAra jalarAzima krIr3A karate hue pavanaMjayane pAsake zveta mahalakI aSTAlikApara rAjA mahendrakI putrI ajanAko dekhA, usakI komala Aha sunI aura lauTa Aye premake madhubhArase dabakara / unakI vyathA samajhakara unakA abhinna mitra prahasta unheM aMjanAke rAjya-prAsAdapara vimAna dvArA le gyaa| vahA~ sakhiyoMme hAsa-parihAsa cala rahA thaa| aMjanA pavanajayake yAnameM hI nimagna thii| usakI abhinna sakhI vasantamAlA pavanaMjayakI prazasA kara rahI thii| pavananayakI prazasAse cir3hakara mizrakezI nAmakI ajanAkI 1. prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| kathAnaka

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upanyAsa 69 sakhIne hemapura ke yuvarAja vidyutprabhakI prazasA kI / ajanA pavanaMjayake dhyAnamaM lIna honeke kAraNa kucha bhI nahI suna sakI / dhyAna TUTanepara harSa ke Avezame usane apanI sakhiyoMko nRtya-gAna karanekI AjJA dI / ajanAkI isa tanmayatA aura bhAva-vibhoratAkA artha pavanaMjayane yaha lagAyA ki yaha vidyutpramase prema karatI hai, isIse usakA nAma sunakara nRtya - gAnakI AjJA de rahI hai / apane nAmakA apamAna sahana na kara sakaneke kAraNa krodhita ho ulaTe paoNca vahA~se ve donoM cale Aye aura prAtaH kAla mAtA-pitA se binA kucha kahe sasainya prasthAna kara diyA / anAke pitA mahendra pahale hI ajanAkI zAdI pavanaJjayase niyata kara cuke the / ataH unake kUca karanese vaha atyanta duHkhI hue / mahArAja prahlAdako jaba yaha samAcAra milA to vaha prahastako sAtha lekara putrako lauTAne gaye / prahastake dvArA adhika samajhAye jAnepara pavanaJjaya vApasa lauTa Aye / unhoMne ajanAke sAtha vivAha bhI kara liyA, para Adityapura lauTanepara usakA parityAga kara diyA / svaya hI pavanaJjaya apane ahabhAva ke kAraNa unmatta rahane lge| mAtA-pitA, prajA, prahasta aura ajanA sabhI duHkhI the, vivaza the / yadyapi mAtA-pitAne putrase dUsarA vivAha karane kA bhI Agraha kiyA, para unhone asvIkRta kara diyA / pAtAladvIpake abhimAnI rAjA rAvaNane ekabAra varuNadvIpake rAjA varuNapara AkramaNa kiyA aura apanI sahAyatAke lie mANDalika rAjA prahlAdako bulAyA / pitAko rokakara svayaM pavanaJjayane prasthAna kiyA / mArgamai unheM magala-kalaza liye ajanA milI, ve use dhikkAra kara cale gaye / mArgame jaba sainya zivira mAnasarovara ke taTapara sthira huA to eka cakavIko cakaveke viyogame tar3aphate dekha vaha vedanAse bhara gaye aura nAkI vedanA yAda A gyii| usI samaya prahastake sAtha vimAna dvArA ajanA mahalame gaye aura prAtaHkAla zivirame lauTa aaye| aMjanA-dvArA

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana prerita ho unhoMne anyAyI rAvaNake viruddha varuNakI sahAyatA kara rAvaNako parAsta kiyaa| ighara Adityapurame garbhavatI aMjanAko kulaTA samajhakara mahArAnI ketumatI-pavanaJjayakI maoNne usako gharase nikAla diyaa| vahA~se nirAzraya ho jAnepara sakhI vasantamAlAne mahendrapura nAkara aMjanAke lie Azraya denekI prArthanA kI ; para vahaoN Azraya na mila sakA | ataH ve donoM vanameM calI gayI / yahI eka guphA, aMjanAne eka yazasvI putrarala ko janma diyaa| eka dina hanUruha dvIpake rAnA pratisrya jo annAke mAmA the, usa vIhar3a vanamaM Aye aura usakA paricaya prApta kara apane ghara le gaye / vahIM usake putrakA nAma hanumAna rakhA gyaa| . vinayI hokara jaba pavanaJjaya Adityapura lauTe to ajanAkA umAcAra jAnakara vaha atyanta dukhI hue aura cala par3e usakI khonama / navaajanAko yaha samAcAra milA to vaha adhika cintita huii| pratisUrya, prahAda Adi samI pavanaJjayako hU~r3hane cle| antameM ve saba pavanaJjayako hU~Dhakara le Aye aura aMjanA-pavanaJjayakA milana ho gyaa| pavanaJcayako milA eka nanhA bAlaka 'muktiduut-saa| ___ yahI muktidUtakA kathAnaka hai| yaha kathAnaka padmapurANa, hanumancarita Adi kaI purANoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| pratibhAzAlI lekhakane isa paurANika kathAnakameM apanI kalpanAkA yatheSTa samAveza kiyA hai| yahA~ pradhAna pradhAna kalpanAoMpara prakAza DAlA jAyagA / 1-padmapurAName batalAyA gayA hai ki jaba mizraRgIne vidyuamakI prazaMsA kI to pavanalayane krodhase abhibhUta hokara aMjanA aura mizrakezIkA sira kATanA cAhA, kintu grahastake rokanepara vaha zAnta hue / najidUtama pavanaJjayako itanA krovAmibhUta na dikhalAkara nAyakake caritrako mahatvA dI gayI hai| haoN, nAyakakA 'ahaMbhAvaM' apanI nindA sunakara avazya jAgrata ho gayA hai|

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upanyAsa 2-purANake pavanaJjaya mAnasarovarase prasthAna karanepara punaH pitAkI AgAse lauTe, para upanyAsa-lekhakane prahasta mitra-dvArA unhe lauTavAyA hai| 3-varuNa aura rAvaNake yuddha-prasagame purANakArane varuNako dopI ThaharAkara pavanaJjaya-dvArA rAvaNako sahAyatA dilAyI hai, para muktidUtake lekhakane rAvaNako aparAdhI batAkara pavanaJjaya-dvArA varuNako sahAyatA dilAyI hai aura rAvaNako parAsta karAyA hai| ___4-ketumatI-dvArA nirvAsita hokara mahendrapura pahu~ca jAnepara ajanA aura vasantamAlA donoMkA rAjA mahendra ke pAsa jAnekA purAName ullekha kiyA gayA hai, parantu vIrendrajIne kevala vasantakai jAnekA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isa kalpanA-dvArA unhone ajanAke sahaja mAnakI rakSA kI hai| ajanAkI khojame vyasta pavanakSaya aura prahastake varNaname bhI donoke mahendrapura jAnekA ullekha purANakArane kiyA hai, para muktidUtame kevala prahastake jAnekA kathana hai| 5-kumArapavanaJjaya jaba ajanAkI khojame gaye, tava unake sAtha priya hAthI ambaragocarake bhI rahanekA varNana purAName milatA hai, para muktidUtame isako sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| ____ isa prakAra lekhakane kathAkI paurANikatAkI sImAmai kalpanAko mukta rakhA hai, jisase kathAvastume svabhAvataH sundaratA A gayI hai| kintu eka bAta isake kathAnakame bahuta khaTakatI hai, aura vaha hai kathAnakakA adhika vistAra / yahI kAraNa hai ki jahAM-tahA~ kathAvastume zithilatA A gayI hai / Arammake prAsAda-saundarya varNanama tathA ajanAke sAja-sajAke varNaname lekhakane rItikAlakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| yadi yaha varNana thor3A sakSipta hotA to upanyAsakI sundaratA aura nikhara utthtii| ina prasagoko choDa anya prasaMgoMkA varNana saMkSipta, sarasa tathA ramaNIya hai| isI kAraNa sampUrNa upanyAsame navInatA, madhuratA aura anupama komalatA A gayI hai|

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72 pAnna hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana isa upanyAsake pradhAna pAtra haiM-pavanaJjaya, aMjanA, vasantamAlA aura prahasta / gauNa pAtra hai-prahlAda, ketumatI, mahendra aura pratisUrya Adi / - inake caritra-citraName lekhakakA racanA-kauzala camaka uThA hai| nAyaka pavanaJjayakA citraNa eka ahabhAvase bhare aise puruSakai rUpame kiyA gayA hai jo nArIkI kamIkA anubhava to karatA hai, para amimAnake kAraNa kucha na kahakara bhItara hI bhItara jalatA huA unmatta-sA ghUmatA hai / pavanaJjaya ajanAke saundaryako dekhakara mugdha to ho jAte hai kintu ajanA vidyutprama-se prema karatI hai isa AzakAne unake ahabhAvako Thesa pahuMcAI aura vaha taba taka dhulate rahe jaba taka unake antarakI mAnavatA usa ahaMbhAvakA bandhana na toDa sakI / yaha svacchanda vAtAvaraName akele ghUmaneke icchuka tathA svabhAvase haThI hai| apane 'ahaM' ko AcchAdita karaneke lie darzanakI vyAkhyA, vizva-vijayakI icchA tathA muktikI kAmanA karate hai / 'aha'ke dhvaMsake sAtha hI unakI mAnavatA dota ho uThatI hai| jaba taka vaha nArIkI mahattAko samajhaneme asamartha rahate hai, taba taka uname pUrNatA nahIM A pAtI / ahake vinAza tathA mAnavatAkai vikAsake sAtha hI ve nArIke vAstavika svarUpase paricita ho jAte haiM, unake caritra meM pUrNatA A jAtI hai| rAvaNa-varuNake yuddha-prasagame unakI vIratAkA sAkArarUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| aMjanAkA sAmIpya prAptakara ve Adarza putra, Adarza pati, Adarza mitra eva Adarza pitA bana jAte haiN| pavanaJjayako lekhakane hRdayase bhAvuka, mastiSkase vicAraka, svabhAvase haThI aura zarIrase yoddhA citrita kiyA hai| ____ ajanA to isa upanyAsakI kendrabindu hI hai| isakA citraNa lekhakane atyanta manovaijJAnika DhaMgase kiyA hai| pAtivratakA Adarza astra le sahaja pratimAse yukta vaha hamAre samakSa prastuta hotI hai| pati-dvArA tyakta honekA use zoka hai, para usake hRdayame dhairyakI ajastra dhArA anavarata pravAhita

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upanyAsa 73 hotI rahatI hai / parityaktA hokara bhI vaha apane niyamome zithilatA nahIM Ane detI hai / bAIsa varSoM taka tila-tilakara jalane para java pavanaJjaya usake mahalame padhArate hai to vaha agAdha dayAmayI apanA aMkadvAra unake lie prazasta kara detI hai| jaba pavanaJjaya kahate haiM ki-"rAnI ! mere nirmANakA patha prakAzita karo" / to vaha pratyuttarame kahatI hai-"muktikA rAha nai kyA jAneM, mai vo nArI hU~ aura sadA bandhana hI detI AyI huuN|" yahA~ para nArI-hRdayakA paricaya denema lekhakane apUrva kauzalakA paricaya diyA hai| __ajanAke caritra citraName ekAdha sthalapara asvAbhAvikatA A gayI hai / garbhamArase dabI ajanAkA araNyame kizorI bAlikAke samAna dauDanA nitAnta asvAbhAvika hai / haoN, aMjanAke dhairya, santoSa, gAlInatA Adi guNa pratyeka nArIke lie anukaraNIya hai| mitrarupame prahasta aura vasantamAlAkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| vasantamAlAkA sAga advitIya hai, apanI sakhI aMjanAkai sAtha vaha chAyAkI taraha sarvatra dikhalAyI paDatI hai| ajanAke sukhame sukhI aura duHkhame vaha duHkhI hai| ananAkI AkAbhA, icchA usakI AkAkSA, icchA hai| usakA apanA astitva kucha bhI nahIM hai / sakhIkI bhalAI ke lie usane apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara diyA hai / isI prakAra prahastakA tyAga bhI apUrva hai| lekhakane pradhAna pAtroke sivA gauNa pAtrome rAjA mahendra, prahlAda Adike caritra-citraNama bhI pUrNa saphalatA prAsa kI hai| kathopakathanakI dRSTi se isa upanyAsakA atyadhika mahattva hai / pavanajaya na aura prahastake vArtAlApa kucha lambe haiM, para Age calakara bhASaNome samitatAkA pUrA khayAla rakhA gayA hai| kathopakathano dvArA kathAkI dhArA kitanI kSipragatise Age bar3hatI hai, yaha nimna uddharaNose spaSTa hai 1

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana "vaha moha thA prahasta, manakI eka kSaNa-bhaMgura umaMga / nirbalatAke atireka meM nikalanevAlA hara vacana nizcaya nahIM huA karatA / aura merI hara umaMga merA bandhana banakara nahIM cala sakatI / mohakI rAtri aba bIta cukI hai prahasta / pramAdakI vaha mohana- zayyA pavanaMjaya bahuta pIche chor3a AyA hai / kala jo pavanaMjaya thA Aja nahIM hai / anAgatapara ArohaNa karanevAlA vijetA, atItakI sA~kalose ba~dhakara nahIM cala sakatA / jIvanakA nAma hai pragati / dhruva kucha nahIM hai prahasta, sthira kucha nahIM hai / siddhAtmA bhI nija rUpameM nirantara pariNamanazIla hai / dhruva hai kevala moha - jar3atAkA sundara nAma- / " 08 " to jAo pacana, tumhArA mArga merI buddhikI hai / para eka bAta merI bhI yAda rakhanA - tuma strIse ho| tuma apane hI Apase parAbhUta hokara Atma-pratAraNA kara rahe ho / ghAyalake pralApase adhika, tumhAre isa darzanakA mUlya nahIM / yaha durbalakI Atma-vaMcanA hai, vijetAkA muktimArga nahIM hai" / isa upanyAsakI kathAvastuko prakaTa karaneke lie zailI lekhakane do prakAra kI gailiyokA prayoga kiyA haibojhila aura sarala | pavanajaya aura ajanAke prathama milanake pUrvakI zailI bojhila hai / bhASA itanI adhika saskRtaniSTha hai, jisase gadyakAvya kA-sA zabdADambarasA pratIta hotA hai / paDhate - paDhate pAThaka Uba-sA jAtA hai aura bIcame hI I apane dhairyako kho detA hai / vAkya labe honeke kAraNa anvayameM kliSTatA hai, jisase upanyAsame bhI darzanake tulya manoyoga denA par3atA hai / milane ke bAdakI zailI sarala hai, pravAhayukta hai / abhivyakti sarala, spaSTa aura manoraMjaka hai / saskRtake tatsama zabdoke sAtha pracalita videzI zabdokA vyavahAra bhASAmeM pravAha aura prabhAva dono utpanna karatA hai / muktidUtakI bhApA prasAdakI bhApAke samAna sarasa, prAJjala aura pravAhayukta pahueNcaneke bAhara bhAgakara jA rahe

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upanyAsa hai| hindI upanyAsoMme prasAdake pazcAt isa prakArako bhApA aura zailI kama upanyAsoMmeM milegii| vastutaH vIrendrajIkA muktidUta bhASAsauSThavake kSetrame eka namUnA hai| muktidUta jIvanakI vyAkhyA hai| zrI lakSmIcandra jainane aura prastAvanAmeM isa upanyAsakA uddezya prakaTa karate hue likhA hai-"AjakI vikala mAnavatAke lie muktidUta vaya muktidUta hai|" isake pAtroko lekhakane pratIka rUpame rakhA hai| ajanA prakRtikI pratIka hai, pavanaJjaya puruSakA, usakA ahabhAva mAyAkA aura hanumAna brahmakA / AjakA manuSya apane aha (mAyA) ke kAraNa apaneko buddhimAna tathA zaktizAlI samajha apane buddhivAdake valapara vijJAnakI utpatti dvArA prakRtipara vijaya pAnA cAhatA hai, para prakRti durjeya hai| bhautikavAda aura vijJAnavAdake kAraNa hiMsA, dvepakI agni bhar3aka rahI hai, yuddhake zole jala rahe hai| isIse hara vyaktikA mana azAnta hai, kSubdha hai, vikala hai| para apane mithyAbhimAnake kAraNa vaha prakRtipara vijaya prApta karaneke lie nitya naye-naye AviSkAra karaneme salagna hai / prakRti usake ina kArya-kalApose zokAkula hai tathA purupakI alpa zaktikA upahAsa karatI huI kahatI hai-"puruSa (manuSya ) sadA nArI (prakRti) ke nikaTa bAlaka hai| bhaTakA huA vAlaka avazya eka dina lauTa bhaayegaa|" hotA bhI aisA hI hai| jaba bhautika saMgharSoMse manuSya Akula ho uThatA hai, taba prakRtikI mahattAse paricita hotA hai aura usakI virAmadAyinI godame calA jAtA hai / mRdultAkI akSayanidhi prakRti use apane sukomala akame bhara letI hai| isI samaya manuSyake samakSa mAnavatAkA vAstavika svarUpa prastuta hotA hai| mAnavako prakRti-dvArA prerita kara tathA

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana ahisaka banAkara lekhakane batAyA hai ki tRtIya mahAyuddhakI vibhISikA ahiMsA aura sayamase dUra kI jA sakatI hai| anyAyakA damanakara manuSya punaH prakRtike samIpa AtA hai aura taba use hanUmAnarUpI brahmakI prApti hotI hai| hAtirekase "prakRti puruSame lIna ho gayI, purupa prakRtime vyakta ho utthaa|" jisase prakRtikI sahaja sahAyatAse manuSyakA sAtha brahmase sadA banA rahe / prakRti aura puruSake milanakI zItala amiyadhArAne zItalatAkA snigdha pravAha pravAhita kiyA, jisase cAro ora zAnti tathA sukhake zatadala vikasita ho utthe| AjakI vyasta mAnavatArUpI dAnavatAke lie yahI mUlamantra hai / jaba manuSya vijJAnake vinAzakArI AviSkArokA aMcala chor3akara sRjanamayI prakRtiko pahacAnegA, tabhI use bhagavAnke vAstavika svarUpakI prApti hogI aura vizvame mAnavatAkI cira samRddhi kara skegaa| ina dRSTiyose paryavekSaNa karanepara avagata hotA hai ki yaha upanyAsa uccakoTikA hai| lekhakane mAnavatAkA Adarza tyAga, sayama aura ahiMsA ke samanvayame batalAyA hai| aupanyAsika tattvokI dRSTi se bhI do-eka truTiyoke sivA anya bAtome zreSTha hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailIkI dRSTise yaha upanyAsa bahuta hI sundara bana par3A hai| zrI nAthUrAma 'premI' ne bhI bagalAke katipaya upanyAsokA hindI anuvAda kiyA hai| premIjI vaha pratibhAzAlI kalAkAra hai ki ApakI pratimAkA sparza pAkara miTTI mI svarNa bana jAtI hai| __ munirAja zrI vidyAvijayane 'rANI-sulasA' nAmaka eka upanyAsa likhA hai| isame sulasAke udAtta caritrakA vizlepaNa kara lekhakane pAThako ke samakSa eka navIna Adarza upasthita kiyA hai| bhASA aura kalAkI dRSTise isame pUrNa saphalatA lekhakako nahIM mila sakI hai| 1. brahmaprAptikA bhartha bhAtmazuddhi hai|

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kathA-sAhitya kathA - sAhitya sabhI jAti aura dharmoM ke sAhityame sadAse kahAniyokI pradhAnatA rahI hai / isakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki mAnava kathAome apanI hI bhAvanA aura caritrakA vizleSaNa pAtA hai; isalie unake prati usakA AkarSita honA svAbhAvika hai| jaina sAhityame Ajase do hajAra varSa pahalekI jIvana ke Adarzako vyakta karanevAlI kathAe~ vartamAna haiM / 77 jaina AkhyAnoM meM mAnava-jIvana ke pratyeka pahalukA sparza kiyA gayA hai, jIvanakai pratyeka rUpakA sarasa aura vizada vivecana hai tathA sampUrNa jIvanakA citra vividha paristhiti-ragose anuraJjita hokara akita hai / kahIM ina kathAome aihika samasyAoMkA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai to kahI pAralaukika samasyAokA | arthanIti, rAjanIti, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiyoM, kalA-kauzalake citra, uttuGgagiri, agAdha nada-nadI Adi bhUvRttokA lekhA, atItake jala-sthala mAgA~ke saketa bhI jaina kathAo meM pUrNatayA vidyamAna haiN| ye kathAe~ jIvanako gatizIla, hRdayako udAra aura vizuddha eva buddhiko kalyANake lie utprerita karatI hai / mAnavako manoraMjanake sAtha jIvanotthAnakI preraNA ina kathAoMse sahaja rUpame prApta ho jAtI hai / prAcIna sAhityame AcArAga, uttarAdhyayanAga, upAsakadazAGga, antakRddazAGga, anuttaraupapAdikadazAGga, padmacaritra, supArzvacaritra, jJAtRdharmakathAGga Adi dharma-granthome AyI huI kathAe~ prasiddha haiN| hindI jaina sAhityame saMskRta aura prAkRtakI kathAokA aneka lekhaka aura kaviyone anuvAda kiyA hai| ekA lekhakane paurANika kathAoMkA AdhAra lekara apanI svatantra kalpanAke mizraNa-dvArA adbhuta kathA-sAhityakA sRjana kiyA hai / ina hindI kathAoMkI zailI bar3I hI prAjjala, suvodha aura muhAvaredAra hai | lalita lokoktiyA~, divyadRSTAnta aura sarasa muhAvaroMkA prayoga kisI bhI pAThakako apanI ora AkRSTa karaneke lie paryApta hai /

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana adhikAMza jaina kahAniyA~ vratoMkI mahattA dikhalAne aura vratapAlana karanevAleke caritrako prakaTa karaneke lie likhI gayI hai / samyattavakaumudIbhApA, varogakumAra caritra, zrIpAlacaritra, dhanyakumAra caritra Adi kathAe~ jIvanakI vyAkhyAtmaka hai| anantavrata kathA, AdityavAra kathA, pacakalyANakavata kathA, nizibhojana tyAgavata kathA, zIla kathA, darzana kathA, dAna kathA, zrutapaMcamIvrata kathA, rohiNIvrata kathA, AkAza paJcamI kathA, Adi kathAe~ eka vizeSa dRSTikoNako lekara likhI gayI haiN| samyaktva kaumudI dhArmika tathA manorajaka kathAoMkA sagraha hai / isameM mathurAkA seTha arhadAsa apane samyatvalAbhakI kathA apanI ATha paliyoko sunAtA hai / kundalatAko chor3akara zeSa sabhI striyA~ usake kathanapara vizvAsa karatI hai| seThakI anya sAta striyA~ bhI apane-apane samyaktvalAmakI bAta sunAtI hai / kundalatA inakA bhI vizvAsa nahIM karatI hai / isa nagarakA rAjA uditodaya, mantrI subuddhi aura suparNakhura cora bhI chupakara ina kathAoko sunate hai| unhe ina ghaTanAopara vizvAsa hotA jAtA hai| rAjA kundalatAke vizvAsa na karanese kSubdha hai| antame kundalatA bhI ina kathAose prabhAvita ho jAtI hai| seTha arhadAsa, rAjA, mantrI, seThakI striyA, rAnI, mantripanI sabake saba jainadIkSA le lete hai | kundalatA bhI inake sAtha dIkSita ho jAtI hai| tapasyAkai prabhAvase koI nirvANa prApta karatA hai, to koI svrg| mukhya kathAke bhItara eka suyodhana rAjAkI kathA bhI AyI hai aura usIke andara anya sAta manoraMjaka aura gambhIra saketapUrNa kahAniyA~ samAviSTa haiN| jaina hindI kathA sAhitya do rUpome upalabdha hai-anUdita aura paurANika AdhAra para maulika rUpame racita / anUdita kathA sAhitya vizAla hai / prAyaH samasta jaina kathAe~ prAcIna

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kathA-sAhitya aura arvAcIna hindI gadyame anUdita kI jA cukI hai / ArAdhanA kathAkoga, vRhatkathAkoza, saptavyasana caritra aura puNyAsavakathAkozake anuvAda kathA sAhityakI rise ullekha yogya haiN| uparyukta anthome eka sAtha aneka kathAokA sakalana kiyA gayA hai aura ye sabhI kathAe~ jIvanake marmako sparza karatI haiN| yadyapi ina kathAomeM AjakA raMga aura TIpa-cApa nahIM hai to bhI jIvanake tAroMko jhakRta karanekI kSamatA iname pUrNa rUpase vidyamAna hai| yaha kaI bhAgoMme prakAzita huA hai| isake anuvAdaka udayalAla kAzalIvAla hai| prathama mAgame 24 kathAe~, dvitIya bhAgame 38 kathAe~, mArAdhanAkayA tRtIya bhAgamai 32 kathAe~ aura caturtha bhAgame 20 ra kathAe~ hai| anuvAda svatantrarUpase kiyA gayA hai| anuvAdakI bhApA sarala hai| kathAe~ sabhI rocaka hai, ahiMsA saMskRtikI mahattA vyakta karatI haiM tathA puNya-pApake phalako janatAke samakSa rakhatI hai| yadi ina kathAoMko AjakI zailIme janatAke samakSa rakhA-jAya, to nizcaya hI jaina sAhityake vAstavika gauravako janasAdhAraNa hRdayagama kara skegaa| isake do bhAga abhI taka prakAzita ho cuke haiM, kula kathAe~ cAra bhAgome prakAzita kI jA rahI hai / prathama bhAgameM 55 kathAe~ aura dvitIya - bhAgameM 17 kathAe~ hai / isake anuvAdaka pro0 rAjakumAra sAhityAcArya hai / anuvAda bahuta sundara huA hai, bhApA sarala aura susambaddha hai / anuvAdakane mUla bhAvoko akSuNNa rakhate hue bhI rocaktAko naSTa nahIM hone diyA hai| 1. prakAzaka-jainamitra kAryAlaya hIrAvAga, bambaI / 2. prakAzaka-bhA0 vigambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mthuraa|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana jaina AgamakI purAnI kathAoMko hindI bhASAme sarala Dhagase zrI DA0 jagadIzacandra jainane likhA hai| isa sagrahame kula 64 kahAniyA~ haiM, vo tIna bhAgoMge vibhakta haiM--laukika, aitihAsika aura 'do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ dhaarmik| pahale bhAga meM 34, dUsare 17 aura tIsareMma 13 kahAniyA~ hai / laukika kathAoMma una loka pracalita kathAokA sakalana hai, jo prAcIna bhAratamaM vinA sampradAya aura varga bheda- ke janasAdhAraName pracalita thI / isa vargakI kathAoM meM kaI kahAniyoM sarasa, rocaka aura marmasparzI hai| kalpanA-zakti aura ghaTanA - camatkAra ina kathAoM me pUrA vidyamAna hai| ataH kalAkI dRSTise bhI ina kahAniyoMkA mahattva hai| 80 aitihAsika kahAniyoMmeM bhagavAn mahAvIrake samakAlIna aneka rAjArAniyoMkI kahAniyA~ dI gayI haiN| inameM jIvanameM ghaTita honevAle vyApAroMke sahAre rAjA-rAniyoMke caritroMkA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jIvanasambandhI gambhIra vivecanAe~, jo nAnA vyApArome prakaTa hokara jIvanakI gutthiyoM para prakAza DAlatI hai, inameM nahIM haiM, to bhI kathAnakakI sarasatA pAThakako rasamagna kara hI letI hai / dhArmika vibhAgakI kahAniyaoN dharma pracArake uddezyase likhI gaI haiN| ina kahAniyAMse spaSTa hai ki aneka cora aura DAkU mI bhagavAn mahAvIrake dharma dIkSita hue the / tRSNA, lobha, krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi vikAra mAnavake utthAnameM bAdhaka hai / vyakti yA samAjakA vAstavika hita sadAcAra, saMyama, samabhAva, tyAga Adise hI saMbhava hai| isa saMkalanakI kahAniyo para prakAza DAlate hue bhUmikAme AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedIne likhA hai - " saMgrahIta kahAniyA~ vaDhI sarasa haiM / DA0 jainane ina kahAniyoM ko bar3e sahana DhaMgase likhA hai / isalie ye bahuta sahajapAThya ho gaI 1. prakAzaka -- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI /

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kathA-sAhitya haiN| ina kahAniyoMmeM kahAnIpanakI mAtrA itanI adhika hai ki hajAroM varSase, na jAne kahanevAloMne inheM kitane DhaMgase aura kitanI prakArakI bhASAmeM kahA hai phirabhI inakA rasabodha-jyoMkA tyoM banA hai| sAdhAraNataH logokA vizvAsa hai ki jaina sAhitya bahuta nIrasa hai| ina kahA. niyoko cunakara DaoN. jainane yaha dikhA diyA hai ki jainAcArya bhI apane gahana tatvavicAroMko sarasa karake kahane meM apane brAhmaNa aura bauddha sAthiyoMse kisI prakAra pIche nahIM rahe hai| sahI bAta to yaha hai ki jaina paMDitoMne aneka kathA aura pravandhakI pustakeM bar3I sahaja bhApAmeM likhI haiN|" __isa saMgrahakI kahAniyA~ sarasa aura rocaka hai / DA. jagadIzacandra jaina ne purAtana kahAniyoMko jyokA tyo likhA hai, kahAnI kalAkI dRSTise , camatkArapUrNa dRzya yojanA aura kathopakathanako prabhAvaka banAnekI ceSTA . nahIM kI hai / ataeva sagraha bhI eka prakArase anuvAda mAtra hai| ' purAtana kathAnakoko lekara zrI bAbU kRSNalAla varmAne svatantrarUpase kucha kathAe~ likhI hai| ina kathAoMmeM kahAnI-kalA vidyamAna hai| iname vastu, pAtra aura dRSya ( Background or Atmosphere) ye tIno mukhya aGga saMtulita rUpame haiN| saralatA, manorajakatA aura hRdaya sparzitA Adi guNokA samAveza bhI yatheSTa rUpame kiyA gayA hai| nIce ApakI katipaya kathAokA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha kahAnI bar3I hI marmasparzI hai| isameM eka aura mohAbhibhUta prANiyoke atyAcAra umar3a-ghumar3akara apanI parAkASThA dikhalAte hue dRSTikhanakakumAra hI gocara hote haiM, to dUsarI ora sahanazIlatA aura kSamAkI aparimita shkti| Aja, jaba ki AcAra aura dharma eka khilavAr3a aura DhakosalA samajhe jA rahe haiM, yaha kahAnI atyanta upAdeya hai| 1. prakAzaka-AtmAnanda jaina TraikTa sosAiTI, aMbAlA shhr|

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kathAnaka 82 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana sevatI nAmaka nagarake rAjA kanakaketukI priyA manasundarIne eka pratibhAzAlI, vIra putrako janma diyaa| yaha bAlaka bacapanase hI bhAvuka sadAcArI aura buddhimAn thA / do-tIna varSakI * avasthAse hI mAtA-pitAke sAtha pUjA-bhaktime zAmila hotA thaa| yuvA honepara sasArake viSaya-bhogose khanakakumArako virakti ho gyii| mAtAke vAtsalya aura pitAke Agrahane vahuta dinoMtaka unheM gharama roka rakhA, para eka dina vaha saba kucha chor3a digambara dIkSA le AtmakalyAName laga gaye / jaba khanakakumAra ekAkI vicaraNa karate hue apanI vahana devavAlAkI samurAla pahuMce to bhAIko isa veSame dekhakara bahanakI mamatA phUTa pdd'ii| bhayakara kar3akaDAte jAr3emeM nagna rahanekI kalpanA mAtrase hI usako kaTa huaa| vaha socane lagI-hAya ! mere mAIko kitanA kaSTa hai, yaha rAjaputra hokara isa prakArake duHkhoMko kaise sahana karegA? cintita rahaneke kAraNa hI devavAlAkA mana sAsArika bhogose udAsIna rahane lgaa| jaba isake patiko bhAryAkI udAsInatAkA kAraNa muni pratIta huA to usane jallATo dvArA munikI khAla nikalavA lii| muni khanakakumArane isa avasarapara apanI dRDhatA, kSamA aura ahiMsA-zaktikA apUrva paricaya diyA hai| unakI adbhuta sahanazIlatAke kAraNa unheM kaivalyakI prApti huii| isa kathAma karuNa-rasakA paripAka itanA sundara huA ki pApANahRdaya bhI ise paDhakara AsU girAye binA nahIM raha sakatA hai / yadyapi pravAhama zithilaga hai, kathopakathana bhI jIvaTa nahIM hai / mukhyakathAke sahAre avAntara kathAnaka bhI ghuser3a diye gaye hai, jisase zailIme sajIvatA nahIM Ane pAyI hai / vAkyagaThana acchA huA hai| choTe-choTe arthapUrNa vAkyAkA prayogakara varmAjIne kathAke mAdhyama-dvArA dharmokI vyAkhyA bhI jahA~-tahA~

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kathAnaka kathA-sAhitya kara dI hai| yadyapi isa prayAsame kahI-kahI unheM kathAkArake padakA ullayana karanA par3A hai, phira bhI kathAkI gatima rukAvaTa nahIM Ane pAyI hai| caritra citraNakI dRSTise yaha kathA sundara hai / khanakakumArakA cAritrika vikAsa Arambhase hI dikhalAyA gayA hai| isame varmAjIne navIna bhAvakI yojanA kI hai| paurANika AkhyAna hai, ko kalpanA-dvArA caTapaTA banAkara tusvAdu kara diyA "hai| mahAsatI sItAke ujvala caritrakI maoNkI-dvArA pratyeka pAThaka apane hRdayako pavitra kara sakatA hai| mithilA nagarIkI rAnI videzAke garbhase yugala santAna-eka sAtha do bAlaka utpanna hue / sapa aura thAlIkI eka hI sAtha jhanakAra huii| antaHpurama aura bAhara AnanTa manAyA jAne lgaa| 16 bAla sUrya aura candra ke samAna unakai tejako dekhakara rAjA-rAnIke AnanTakA ThikAnA na rhaa| para kSaNabhara pahale jahA~ Ananda. kI lahare utpanna ho rahI thI, vahI hRdaya-vedhI hAhAkAra munAI par3ane lgaa| oNkhoke tAre putrako koI baDhI catugaIme curAkara le gyaa| anumandhAna karanepara bhI bAlakakA patA na laga sg| kanyAkA nAma rItA rakhA gayA / janaka, yuvatI honepara sItAkI apratima rUpa-rAgiko dekhakara usake tulya vara prAna karane ke lie cintita the / janakne yogya varakI talAga paranake lie nantrI rAjamAro desA, para sItAke yogya eka bhI nahIM jcaa|| varavara dezake maTeccharAjAne upadrayAMga Tamana parane lie janaka mahArAjane apanI sahAyatAke lie ayodhAnpati mahAgaja dagagarI bulAe / jaba ayodhyAma senA janapakI gAyatA lila, manthAna rana lagI to rAmane AgrahapUrvaka mahArAja nA gama gAnega agati le lii| mithilA pahuMcakara rAmane maMca rAjAra bhAramana aai aura 1. pramaza-mAramAnanda jaina haikTa momAiTI, aMpAlA nahara /

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana unhe apane vaza kara liyA / rAmake isa kArya se janaka bahuta prasanna hue aura unheM sItA ke yogya vara samajha unhIM ke sAtha sItAkA vivAha karanekA nizcaya kara liyA / 84 jaba nAradane sItAke rUpakI prazaMsA sunI to vaha usako dekhane ke lie mithilA Aye / nArada usa samaya itane Atura the ki rAjAke pAsa na jAkara sIdhe antaHpurameM sItAke pAsa cale gaye / sItA apane kamare meM akelI hI thI, ataH vaha unake adbhuta rUpako dekhakara Dara gayI tathA cillAne lagI / antaHpurake naukarone nAradakI durdazA kI, jisase apamAnita nAradane sItA se pratizodha lenekI bhAvanAse usakA eka sundara citra khIMcA aura use candragati vidyAdharake ash bhAmaNDalako bheTa kiyA / bhAmaNDala usa citrako dekhate hI mugdha ho gayA / madanajvarake kAraNa vaha khAnA-pInA bhI bhUla gayA / putrakI isa dazAko dekhakara vidyAdharane nAradako apane pAsa bulAyA aura citrAkita kanyAkA patA pUchA / nAradakai kathanAnusAra usa vidyAdharane vidyAke prabhAvase mahArAja janakako rAta sote hue apane yahA~ bulA liyA / jaba janaka jAge to apaneko eka aparicita sthAname pAkara pUchane lage ki mai kahA~ A gayA haeNU ? candrapati vidyAdharane usase sItAkA vivAha bhAmaNDala ke sAtha kara dene ko kahA / mahArAja janakane bar3I dRr3hatAse vidyAdharako uttara diyA / antarme vidyAdharane 'vajrAvarta' aura 'arNavAvarta' nAmaka do dhanuSa janakako diye aura kahA ki sItA kA svayabara karo, jo svayaMvarame ina donoM dhanuSamese eka dhanuSako tor3a degA ; usIke sAtha sItAkA vivAha hogA / janaka kisI prakAra vidyAdharakI zarta maMjUra kara mithilA A gaye aura sItAkA svayaMvara rcaa| rAmane svayaMvarame dhanuSa tor3A aura unhI ke sAtha sItAkA vivAha ho gayA / vivAhake uparAnta kucha hI dinoMke bAda kaikeyIkA varadAna mA~ganA aura rAjAkA vanaprayANa AtA hai / vanameM aneka kAraNa-kalApoMke milane

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kathA-sAhitya para sItAkA haraNa ho jAtA hai| lakAme sItAko aneka kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiN| hanUmAna-dvArA sItAkA samAcAra pAkara rAmacandra suprIvakI sahAyatAse rAvaNapara AkramaNa karate hai aura lakAkA vijayakara sItAko le Ate haiM / ayodhyA meM Anepara sItApara doSAropaNa kiyA jAtA hai, phalataH rAma sItAko gharase nirvAsita kara dete hai| vajajadhake yahA~ sItA lavaNa aura aMkuzako janma detI hai ; ina donokA rAmase yuddha hotA hai / paricaya ho jAnepara sIvAkI agni-parIkSA lI jAtI hai| satIke divya tejase agni jala bana jAtI hai aura vaha sasArakI svArthaparatA dekhakara viraka ho jainaTIkSA le letI hai aura tapasyA kara svarga pAtI hai| isa kathA kathopakathana prabhAvazAlI vana par3e hai / lekhakane caritracitraNameM bhI apUrva saphalatA prAsa kI hai| savAda kathAkI gatiko kitanA pravAhamaya banAte hai yaha nimna uddharaNase spaSTa hai| nArada manahI mana baDabaDAte hue kahate hai-"hu! yaha durdazA yaha atyAcAra ! nAradase aisA vyavahAra ! ThIka hai| vyAdhiyoMko dekha lUgA / sItA! sItA! tujhe dhana yauvanakA garva hai, usa garvake kAraNa tUne nAradakA apamAna kiyA hai| acchA hai ! nArada apamAnakA badalA lenA jAnatA hai| nArada thoDe hI dinoM meM tujhe isakA phala cakhAyegA ora aisA phala cakhAyegA ki jisase kAraNa tU janmabharataka hRdaya-vedanAse jalatI rhegii|" isa prakAra isa kahAnIme kathAtatvokA yatheSTa samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isa racanAmeM utsukatA guNa paryApta mAtrAmeM vidyamAna hai| lekhaka varmAjIne paurANika AkhyAname bhI kalpanAkA yatheSTa sammizraNa kiyA hai| surasundarI ra surasundarI eka rAjAkI kanyA hai aura amarakumAra eka " seTakA putra / dono eka sAtha avyayana karate haiM, donoMmeM paraspara AkarSaNa ,utpanna hotA hai aura ve dAno premapAzameM baMdha jAte hai / eka dina kumArI apane palleme sAta kaur3iyA~ bA~dhakara le jAtI hai 1. prakAzaka-AtmAnanda jaina TraikTa sosAiTI, aMbAlA zahara / - -

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46 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana aura amarakumAra kholakara miThAI maeNgAkara baoNTa detA hai| rAjakumArI kumArake isa kRtyase krodhita hotI hai aura kahatI hai ki sAta koDImeM rAjya prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| donokA vivAha ho jAtA hai| amarakumAra vyApAra karane jAtA hai, sAthame surasundarI bhI / siMhala dvIpake vanameM jahAja rokakara donoM gye| sundarI amarake ghuTanopara sira rakhakara so gayI / amarako sundarIke pUrvaka kaTuvacana aura apanA apamAna yAda AyA ; ataH vaha usake sirake nIce patthara lagAkara vahIM sotA chor3a cala diyaa| jaba sundarIkI nidrA bhaga huI to usane apane acalama sAta kaur3iyA~ baSI pAyIM; sAtha hI eka patra, jisame likhA thA ki sAta kaur3iyose rAjya lekara rAnI bno| sundarIkA kSobha jAtA rahA aura kSatriyatva jAgrata ho gayA / usakI AtmA bola uThI-"chi surasundarI, nArI hokara tere yaha bhAva ! purupakA dharma kaThoratA hai, nArIkA dharma kamanIyatA aura komalatA / puruSakA kArya nirdayatA hai to strIkA kArya dharma-dayA" / isake pazcAt vaha nizcaya karatI hai ki maiM kSatriya santAna hU~, isa pratAraNAkA badalA avazya leNgii| rAtrike samaya usa pahAr3akI guphAse kaThora dhvani karatA huA eka rAkSasa nikalA / sundarIke divya tejase bhayabhIta ho vaha use putrIvat mAnane lgaa| kucha samaya uparAnta vahA~ eka seTha AtA hai aura vaha use le jAtA hai| usakI dRSTime pApa samA jAtA hai, jisase vaha use eka vezyAke hAtha beca detA hai, sundarI kisI prakAra vahA~se chuTakArA pAkara samudrakI uttAla taragoMme pahu~catI hai aura phira seThake nAvikoM dvArA trANa pAtI hai / vahA~ bhI usI vipattiko grAma hotI hai, kintu eka dAsI-dvArA rakSaNa pA apanA chuTakArA khojatI hai| isI bIca munirAjakA darzana kara apane patise milanekA samaya pUchatI hai / sundarIko aneka durAcAriyoMke phandemeM. phaeNsanA paDA, anekone usake dhIlako lUTanekI koziza kI, para vaha apane

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kathA-sAhitya 85 vratapara dRDha rhii| usakI dRDhatAke kAraNa usakI vipattiyoM kAphUra hotI gyiiN| antame apanA nAma vimalavAhana rakhakara unhIM sAta kaur3iyoM dvArA vyApAra karatI hai| eka corakA patA lagAnepara rAjakumArIke sAtha vivAha aura AdhA rAjya bhI prApta kara letI hai| amarakumAra bhI vyApArake lie usI nagarIme AtA hai aura bAraha varpake pazcAt donokA punaH milana ho jAtA hai / mAninI nArIkI pratimA pUrNa ho jAtI hai, aura purupakA ahabhAva nata ho jAtA hai| isa kRtime lekhakane nArI-teja, usakI mahattA, dhairya, sAhasa aura amatAkA pUrNa paricaya diyA hai / sakalpa aura vratapara dRDha nArIke samakSa atyAcAriyoke atyAcAra zAnta ho jAte haiM / purupa kitanA avizvasanIya ho sakatA hai, yaha sura-sundarIke nimna kathanase spaSTa hai "vizvAsaghAtaka, durAcArI, dharmAdharmavicArahIna, pratijJAkA bhaMga karanevAle athavA gajake samAna strIko zerakI taraha apanA bhakSaNa samajhanevAle puruSoMse jitanA dUra rahA jAya, utanA hI acchA hai|" isa racanAkI bhApA vizuddha sAhityika hindI hai, urdU aura phArasIke pracalita zabdokA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhApAmeM snigdhatA, komalatA aura mAdhurya tIno guNa vidyamAna haiM / zailI sarasa hai, sAtha hI sagaThita, pravAhapUrNa aura sarala hai| rocakatA aura sajIvatA isa kathAme sarvatra vidyamAna hai| koI bhI pAThaka paDhanA Arambha karanepara, ise samApta kiye vinA vizvAsa nahIM le sakatA hai| pravAhakI tIvratAmeM paDakara vaha eka kinAre pahu~ca hI jAtA hai| __isa kathAmeM satI damayantIke zIla, pAtivrata aura guNokI mahattA satI damayantI ra batalAyI gayI hai| AdarzakI avahelanA Ajake lekhaka bhale hI karate rahe, para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki Adarzake vinA mAnava-jIvana pragatizIla nahIM bana sakatA hai|

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hindI - jainasAhitya - parizIlana nala paristhitivaza yA pUrvopArjita azubha karmAnusAra dyUtakrIDAme rata ho jAtA hai aura strI sahita saba kucha hAra jAtA hai / rAja-pATa chor3akara nala vanako cala detA hai aura damayantI pAtitrata dharmake anusAra usakA anusaraNa karatI hai / kUbar3a usakI bhartsanA karatA hai, kintu satItvakI vijaya hotI hai | nala baname damayantIko sotI huI choDa detA hai aura svaya calA jAtA hai / nidrA bhaMga honepara vaha apane aMcalame likhe lekhako par3hatI hai aura usIke anusAra mArgapara cala par3atI hai / mArgama aneka aghaTita ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI hai, jinake dvArA usakA nArItva nikharatA jAtA hai| antame candrayazA mausIke yahA~se pitA ke ghara pahu~ca jAtI hai aura idhara isI nagarImeM nala AtA hai / sUryapAka banAtA hai, damayantI apane patiko pahacAna letI hai aura bAraha varSake pazcAt donokA milana hotA hai / nala damayantIko apanI yakSa sambandhI kathA sunAtA hai / bhApA, zailI aura kathA - vistArakI dRSTise isame navInatA honepara bhI kucha aisI alaukika ghaTanAeN hai, jo Ajake yugameM avizvasanIya mAlUma pdd'egii| udAharaNArtha satIke tejase zulka sarovarakA jala paripUrNa honA, kaidIkI ber3iyA~ TUTanA aura DAkuokA bhAga jAnA Adi / caritra - citraName isa kRtimai lekhakane paurANikatAko pUrNa rUpase apanAyA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki damayantIkA caritra alaukika aura amAnavIya vana gayA hai / bhASA sarala aura muhAvaredAra hai, rocakatA aura utsukatA AdyopAnta vidyamAna hai / 4. isa paurANika kathAke lekhaka bhAgamala zarmA hai| isame puNya-pApakA phala dikhalAyA gayA hai / manuSya paristhitiyoM aura vAtAvaraNake anusAra kisa prakAra nIcase nIca aura uccase ucca kArya kara sakatA hai / pratikUla paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNake raha rUpasundarI nepara jo vyakti jaghanya kRtya karatA huA dekhA jAtA hai, vahI anukula 1. prakAzaka -- AtmAnanda jaina TraikTa sosAiTI, ambAlA zahara |

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kathA-sAhitya vAtAvaraNa aura paristhitiyo ke honepara uttama kArya karatA hai / isa kathAkA pradhAna pAtra devadatta aura nAyikA rUpasundarI hai / rUpasundarI kRpaka bhAryA hai aura devadatta dhUrta sAdhu-kumAra / donokA sneha ho jAtA hai / rUpasundarI kAmAndha ho apanA satItva kho denA cAhatI hai, para eka munirAja ke darzanase use Atmabodha prApta ho jAtA hai / dhUrta devadatta usake patikA mAyAvI bheSa dhara kara AtA hai aura vAstavika patise jhagaDA karane lagatA hai / rUpasundarI eka hI rUpake do purupoko dekhakara sazakita ho jAtI hai aura apanA nyAya karAneke lie nyAyAlayakI zaraNa letI hai / abhayakumAra yathArtha nyAya karatA hai aura satIke divya tejase prajA nAca uThatI hai / kapaTI devadatta ko apane kukRtyapara pazcAttApa hotA hai aura rUpasundarIke caraNome gira kSamA yAcanA karatA hai / cAroM ora satIkI jaya-jaya dhvani sunAI par3ane lagatI hai / 89 cAritrika vikAsa kI dRSTise vaha kathA sundara hai| manuSya kamajoriyokA putalA hai, koI bhI nara nArI kisI bhI kSaNa kisa rUpame parivartita ho sakatA hai, isakA kucha bhI ThIka nahI hai / dvandvAtmaka cAritra mAnava jIvanakI vizeSa nidhi hai / lekhakane kathopakathanoko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne kA pUrA prayatna kiyA hai / 'mujhe tere madhupremakA ekavAra svAda mile to ?" "haeN ! aise abhadra zabda, khavaradAra, phira mu~hase na nikAlanA | tere jaise nIca manuSyoMko to merA darzana bhI na hogA / " nArI pAtrokA Adarza caritra prastuta karaneme zrI 50 mUlacandra 'vatsala' kA nAma bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / Apane purAne jaina kathAnakoko lekara navIna Dhagase aneka satiyoM aura deviyoMke caritroko prastuta kiyA hai / yadyapi zailI parimArjita hai, to mI pUrNatayA Adhunika TekanikakA nirvAha kisI bhI kathAme nahIM ho sakA hai| 'satI - ratna " me kumArI 1. prakAzaka - sAhitya ratnAlaya, bijnaur|

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hindI jaina sAhitya parigIlana vAlI aura sundarI, candanAkumArI aura brahmacAriNI anantamatI, ye nIna kathAe~ dI gayI haiM / ina kathAoNmeM aneka sthAnIpara lekhaka upadarzaka rUpame pAThakoMke samakSa prastuta hotA hai| kathAoma mUlatattvAkA samdhina karanekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / para saphalatA nahIM mila sakI hai| paurANika AkhyAnoMko lekara maulika kahAniyA~ likhanevAlma sarvazrI jainendrakumAra, tripAla jaina, bhagavatvaspa 'bhagavat',azyakumArajana, bAlacandra jaina ema0 e0, aura ranalAla 'vaMsala Adi haiM / mahilA lentrikAoMmeM candramukhI devI, candraprabhA devI, zaravatI devI aura punAdegI kahAniyA~ acchI hotI haiN| digambarajainakai kathAGkameM kaI navIna lekhakAMkI bhI kathAe~ chapI haiN| jaina mahilAdarzane mI san 1946 meM prAcIna mahina kathA prakAzita kiyA thaa| isa saMkrakI kahAniyoMmeM zrImatI candragrama devIkI nIlI zIrSaka kahAnI kahAnI-kalAko dRSTise acchI hai| Aramma aura anta donoM hI sundara hue haiN| zrI jainendrakumAra labdhapratiTha kalAkAra haiM / Apane bhAvanika seMkaDa kathAe~ likhI hai| ApakI racanAyoma zuddha sAhityika guNAka atirikta vicAra aura dArzanikatAkA gAmbhIrya mI vidyamAna hai| eka kathAkAra honeke kAraNa, jainendranIka vicAroMmeM bhI bhAnuktAkA honA svAbhAvika hai| ApakI kathAyAmeM balAke donoM tantra-citroMkA eka samUha aura unheM anuprANita karanevAlA mAvaoNkA spaSTa pandana vidyamAna hai| bhAvoM aura citroMkA jaisA mundara samanvaya jainendranIkI kalAma hai, anyatra kaThinAIse mila skegaa| AyakI 'bAhubalI' aura 'vidyucara ye do kathAe~ jainazAhindhana amUlya nidhi haiN| 'bAhubalI' kathAma bAhuvalIke caritrakA vizleSaNa bahuta sUTama manovaijJAnika rUpase huA hai| isameM usa samayako paramparA aura sAmAnika vizvAsoMkI saTa jhaoNkI vidyamAna hai| kathAnakake kalevarama pAtroMkA paricaya abhinayAtmaka rupale prAta ho jAtA hai| pAtroMkI ANmu

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kyA-sAhitya kI vAta-cIta aura mAva-bhaMgimAke samanvayane kathopakathanako itanA prabhAvaka banA diyA hai, jisase koI bhI pAThaka kalAkArake uddezyako hRdayaMgama kara sakatA hai| kahAnImeM itanI rocakatA aura sarasatA hai, ki Arambha kara denepara samApta kiye vinA jI nahIM maantaa| vidyuJcara hastinApurake rAjA saMvarake jyeSTha putra the / kumAra vidyuJcarakI zikSA-dImA rAjakumArokI bhaoNti huI / samasta vidyAoma pravINa ho jAneke uparAnta kumArane nizcaya kiyA ki vaha cora banegA / kumArane corIke mArgame Age kahIM mamatA aura moha vAdhaka na hoM, isase pahale pitAke yahA~ hI corI karanA Avazyaka samajhA | zubha kAma gharase hI zurU ho, Charity begins at home arthAt pahalI corIkA lakSya apane gharakA hI rAnamahala aura apane pitAkA hI rAjakopa na ho to kyA ho| vidyuccarane eka asAdhAraNa corake samAna apane pitAke hI rAjakopase eka sahasra dInAra curaaye| corI asAdhAraNa thI-parimANama, sAhasikatAme aura kauzalame bhI / java mahIno parizrama karanepara bhI corakA patA na laga sakA to kumArane svayaM hI jAkara pitAse corIkI bAta kaha dii| pahale to pitAko vizvAsa na huA, kintu kumArane vAra-bAra umI vAtako duharAyA aura corIkA vyavasAya karanekA apanA nizcaya prakaTa diyA to pitAkI oNkhoMse azrudhArA pravAhita hone lgii| kSobhake kAraNa unake nukhate adhika na nikla sakA, kevala yahI kahA ki yaha nuccha aura ghRNita kArya tumhAre karaneke yogya nhiiN| pitAke dvArA aneka prakArame samajhAye jAnepara bhI kumArane kucha nahIM sunA aura vaha corIke pezeme pravINa ho gyaa| cAroM ora usakA AtaGka vyApta thA, dhanikoke prANa hI sUkhate the / nirarthaka hiMsAkA prayoga karanA vidyuccarako iSTa nahIM thaa| vha eka DAkuoMke dalakA mukhiyA thA / kucha samayake uparAnta vaha rAnagRhI nagarIme gayA aura vahA~ vasanta

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93 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parigIlana tilakA nAmakI vAravanitAke yahA~ tthhraa| kaI mahInoM ke uparAnta eka dina isI nagarIma svAmI jamvRkumArake svAgatakI taiyArI meM sArA nagara ankRta kiyA jA rahA thaa| jaba vidyuccarane mahArAja zreNikake mAya janvRkumArako dekhA aura unakA yathArtha paricaya prAma huA, to usake mnameM bhI apane kAyAMke prati nicitkasA usanna huii| phalataH parigrahalAM samatta duHkhAkA kAraNa jJAtakara vaha bhI viraka ho gyaa| kAlAntarama usane bhI jainezvarI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura apanA Atma-kalyANa kiyaa| isa kathAkA sarvasa kathopakathana hai / kalAkArane kathAkI ganilo kima prakAra bar3hAyA hai, yaha nimna uddharaNAMsa spaSTa hai / ___ "pitAjI, heyopAdeya ho mI to Apake kartavya aura apane mArgama usa dRSTisa kucha antara nahIM jAna pdd'taa| Apako kyA itanI ekAnta nizcintatA, itanA vipula sukha, sampatti, sammAna aura adhikAra-aizvarSakA itanA Dhera, kyA dUsareke bhAgako binA chIne yana sakatA hai ? Apa kyA samajhate haiM, Apa kucha dUsarekA apaharaNa nahIM karate ? bhApakA 'rAjApana kyA aura sabake 'pratApana' para hI syApita nahIM hai ? ApakI prabhutA auraoNkI gulAmIpara hI nahIM khar3I ? ApakI sampamatA auraoNkI garIvIpara sukha dukhapara, ApakA vilAsa unakI roTIkI cIkhapara, kopa unake Taiksa para, aura ApakA sabakucha kyA unake sabakuchakA kucalakara, usapara hI nahIM khar3A lahalahA rahA? phira maiM usapara calatA hai to kyA harja hai! hA~, antara hai to itanA hai ki Apake kSetrakA vistAra sImita hai, para mere kAryake lie kSetrako koI sImA nahIM; aura mere kAryake zikAra kucha cha loga hote haiM, jaba ki ApakA rAjatva choTe-baDe, hAna-sampanca, bI. puruSa, vaJce-cune sabako eka-sA pAsatA hai| isIlie mujhe apanA mArga jyAdA ThIka mAlUma hotA hai|" "kumAra, bahasa na kro| kukarmameM aisI haTha bhayAvaha hai| rAjA samAjatantrake surakSaNa aura sthAyitvake lie bhAvazyaka hai, cora usa

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kathA-sAhitya 93 tantra ke lie zApa hai, dhuna hai, jo usamese hI asAvadhAnatAse uThatA hai aura usI tantrako khAne lagatA hai / " "rAjA usa tantrake lie Avazyaka hai ! kyo Avazyaka hai / isalie ki rAjAo dvArA paripAlita paripuSTa vidvAnoMkI kitAbokA jJAna yahI batalAtA hai ! nahIM to batAie, kyoM Avazyaka hai ? kyA rAjAkA mahala na rahe to saba mara jAya, usakA mukuTa TUTe to saba TUTa jaoNya, aura siMhAsana na rahe to kyA kucha rahe hI nahIM ? batAiye phira Avazyaka hai ?" jainendrajIne isa kathAmeM janatantra ke tattvokA bhI yatheSTa samAveza kiyA hai | kahAnI-kalAkI dRSTise yaha pUrNa saphala kathA hai| Atma-samarpaNa zrI bAlacandra jaina ema0 e0ne paurANika upAkhyAnoMko lekara navIna zailIme kahAniyoM likhI hai / prastuta sakalname kaI kahAniyA~ haiN| isa saMkalanakI sabase pahalI kahAnI AtmasamarpaNa hai| isameM nArI - pratiSThAkA mUrtimAna citra hai / rAjulake vacanose nArI-prabhutva sAkAra ho jAtA hai - "nArIkI kriyAe~ dambha nahIM hotIM svAmin ! vaha sacce hRdayase kAma karatI hai / vilAsa meM palI nArI saMyama aura sAdhanAkI mahattA acchI taraha samajhatI hai / " puruSake hRdayame nArIke prati avizvAsa kitanA pragADha haiM, yaha nemi kumArake zabdoMse pratyakSa ho jAtA hai - "nArI" / nemikumArane Azcaryase usakI ora dekhA - "kyA tuma saca kaha rahI ho / " "sAmrAjyakA mUlya" kahAnIme bhautika khaNDaharake vakSasthalako cIra AdhyAtmikatAkA prAsAda nirmita kiyA hai / SaTkhaNDAdhipati bharatakA ahakAra bAhubalI ke tyAgake samakSa cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai / unake nimna zabdoM se unake dambhake prati glAnikA bhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai- "maiM to unake ApakA pratinidhi banakara prajAkI sevA kara rahA hU~ / merA kucha bhI nahIM hai, maiM bhakiMcana hU~ / "

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana 'dambhakA anta' kahAnIme mAnava paristhitiyoMkA sundara citraNa huA hai / manuSya kisa paristhitime par3akara apane hRdayako chupAnekA prayatna karatA hai, yaha kRSNa ke jIvanase spaSTa ho jAtA hai / kathopakathana to ima kahAnIkA bahuta hI sundara bana par3A hai| sArI kathAkI gatizIlatAko manorama aura marmasparzI banAneke lie saMvAdoMko lekhakane jIvaTa banAnema kisI bhI prakArakI kamI nahIM kI hai| "maiMne loka vyavahArakI apekSA aisA kahA thA bhagavan" ! trailokya- svAmIse kRSNakA jAla pracchanna na thA / nemikumAra bole- "vANI- hRdayakA pratirUpa nahIM hai, kRSNa, " "tumhArI vANI aura vicAroMmeM asaMgati hai" / ahaMkAravaza mAnava afir faartipara vijaya prApta karaneko kaTivaddha ho jAtA hai, ataH dvIpAyana kahatA hai- "maiM itanI dUra bhAgU~gA ki dvArikAkA mu~ha bhI na dekhanA par3he aura na vyartha hI itanI hiMsAkA pApa bhoganA par3e" / abhimAna ke mithyAjaladhimaM tairanevAlA kRSNa apaneko catura nAvikase kama nahIM samajhatA; kintu jaba kamoMke tUphAna meM paDha usakI ahanidrA bhaMga ho jAtI hai, taba usakA hRdaya svaya kaha uThatA hai - "tuma nirdoSa ho jarat ! bhagavAnne satya hI kahA thA, mere dambhakA anta huA" / 94 rakSAbandhana marmasparzIM hai / isame karuNA, tyAga aura sahanazIlatAkI udbhAvanA sundara huI hai / muniyopara bhISaNa upasarga A jAnese samasta / nagara karuNAkA prativimva sA pratIta hotA hai - "janatA suniyA~ke upasarga se trasta hai, nRpa vacanavaddha apaneko asamarthaM jAna mahaloMmeM chupA hai" kahAnIkArane muni viSNu kumArake vacano dvArA tyAga aura sayamakA lakSya prakaTa karate hue kahalAyA hai - "digambara muni sAMsArika bhoga aura vibhava ke lie apane zarIrako nahIM tpaate| unheM to Atma- siddhi cAhie, vahI eka abhilApA, vahI eka zikSA" / rAjA dambha aura pAkhaNDoko DhakosallA batAte hue kahatA hai--" rAjAko koI dharma nahIM hotA mantrI

Page #93
kathA-sAhitya mahodaya / prajAkA dharma hI rAjAkA dharma hai| merA bhI vahI dharma hai, jo pranAkA hai| mai hara dharma aura jAtikA saMrakSaka huuN"| rakSAbandhana parvakA pracalana bhI munirakSAke kAraNa huA hai, yaha kathA isa bAtakI puSTi * karatI hai| - guru dakSiNA' yaha kahAnI lekhakake hRdayakA prativimba pratIta hotI * hai| isameM mRdula aura karkaza karttavyoM ke madhya nArI hRdayakA sneha pravAhita : hai / parvatakA bhIpaNa damma aura nAradakA yathArtha tarka nArI hRdayako vica lti kara dete haiM, karuNA aura vAtsalyakI saritA use vahA le jAtI hai vAstavika kSetrake usa pAra, jahA~ vasukA bhautika zarIra binA patavArakI bhaoNti Dagamaga ho rahA hai / mantrIke vacanase vasu cauka par3A-"nirNaya" . vaha bolA / isa kahAnIkA stambha hai satya aura vacana pAlanakA hada : nizcaya / parvatakA pakSa ThIka hai, maiM nirNaya detA huuN"| nirdopa' yaha kahAnI mAnavakI vAsanAo aura kamajoriyopara pUrA , prakAza DAlatI hai| kAmuka vyaktikI vicArazaktikA kisa prakAra lopa ho jAtA hai aura dRDha saMkalpI vyakti sasArake sAre pralobhanoko kisa prakAra ThukarA detA hai, yaha isase spaSTa hue vinA nahIM raha sktaa| nArI-hRdaya kitanA saMkucita aura dambhI ho sakatA hai, yaha rAnIke vacanoMse pratyakSa hai "mahArAjako sUcanA do, yaha nIca mujhase balAtkAra karanA cAhatA thaa| pApI jaba apanI galatIko samajha letA hai, to usakA pApa nahIM rahatA, balki kamajorI mAnA jAtA hai / dambha aura pAkhaNDame hI pApakA nivAsa hai| pazcAttApakI uSNatAse pApa jala jAtA hai, pAnI yA drava-padArtha ho nAlIse vaha jAtA hai| rAnI bhI kaha uTatI hai-"mujha pApinIko kSamA karo sudarzana" / purupake hRdayakI udAratA bhI yahI vyakta hotI hai, aura sudarjana kahatA hai-"mA~ maiM nirdoSa huuN"| AtmAkI zakkimeM batAyA gayA hai ki Atmazakti sasArakI samasta zaktiyokI apekSA advitIya hai| jaba isa zaktikA vikAsa ho jAtA hai|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana tava bhaya, nirAzA aura ghabaDAhaTakA nAmonizAna bhI nahI rahatA / "manuSyatva devatvase ucca hai mahArAja" / vacaname aparimita Atmazakti nihita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake mastakakai namra hote hI zivaliGga saikaDo Tukar3oMme vibhakta ho jAtA hai aura vahA~ eka alaukika prakAzapuJja AvirbhUta hotA hai / zivaliGgake sthAnapara candraprabha tIrthakarakA bimba prakaTa hote hI rAjA garvahIna ho jAtA hai aura kaha uThatA hai - "maiM ApakA ziSya haeNU mahArAja" / 96 'balidAna' kathA mAnava karttavyase ota-prota hai / dharmapremI, dRDhapratiza akalaka apane anujake sAtha bauddhaguruke samakSa upasthita hote haiM aura buddhicAturyadvArA pUrNa vidvattA prApta karate haiN| bheda prakaTa ho jAnepara dono bandI banA liye jAte haiM / bandIgRhameM niSkalaka kahatA hai"hamArA nizcaya na hai / " Age kahatA hai- " puruSArtha usase pravala hogA bhaiyA / " mai zaktipara vizvAsa karatA hU~ / AtmabalidAnakI gAthA isI eka vAkyapara Azrita hai - "bhaiyA zIghratA karo ve A pahu~ce / jinadharmakI rakSA tumhAre hAtha hai / " talavAroMke bIca nikalaka 'namo siddhANa' kahakara zAnta ho jAtA hai / vaha svaya miTakara dharmakai pracAra aura prasAra ke lie apane Agrahako surakSita rakhatA hai / 'satyakI ora' kahAnI meM tyAga aura viveka zakti dvArA sandehakA prAsAda DhahatA huA citrita kiyA gayA hai| "maiM saca kahatA hU~ mahArAja, cora merI dRSTise ghusa nahIM sakatA / merI zikSA asamartha nahIM ho sakatI / " satyakI anubhUti ho jAnepara vidyazvara kahatA hai- "hA~, zrImAn kukhyAta vidyudara maiM hI hU~". "mujhe rAjyakI AvazyakatA nahIM mahArAja, mujhe isase ghRNA hai / " 'moha-nivAraNa' isa kahAnI meM Atmika zaktikI sarvoparitA vyakta kI gayI hai| karma-zaktiko bhI yaha zakti apane adhikArame rakhatI hai / samadarzI bhagavAn mahAvIrakA upadeza sabhI prANI zravaNa karate the, isa bAtako prakaTa *****

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kathA-sAhitya 97 karatA huA lekhaka kahatA hai- "zramaNa mahAvIra bhagavAnkI samAme sabhI prANiyoMko samAnAdhikAra rahatA hai| deva aura adeva, manuSya aura pazupakSI, satra U~ca aura nIcake bhedako bhUlakara samAna Asanapara baiThate hai, paraspara virodhI prANI apane vairako bhUlakara snehArdra ho jAte hai / vizvabandhutva kA saccA Adarza vahI dekhA jAtA hai / jaba viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai to mohakA anta hote vilamba nahI hotA - "mujhe kucha na cAhie kumAra, tumane mujhe Aja saccA rUpa dikhAyA hai, tuma mere guru ho / Aja maiM vijayI huA kumAra mujhe prAyazcita do / " 'anana nirajana ho gayA' kahAnI me batAyA gayA hai ki vipayavAsanAose jhulasA prANI jJAnakI nanhI AbhA pAte hI camaka jAtA hai / isa amRtakI phuharI bUndeM use amara banA detI hai / zyAmA gaNikA mohapAza Abaddha ajana apanI Atmagaktipara svaya cakita ho jAtA hai"cAroM ora prakAza chA gayA / aMjanako apanI saphalatAkA jJAna huA, para saphalatAke pazcAt vIroMko harpa nahIM hotA / unheM upekSA hone lagatI hai / " 'saundaryakI parakha' me bhautika saundarya kSaNamagura hai, mithyA pratItike kAraNa isa saundaryake mohapAzameM ba~dhakara vyakti nAnAprakArake kaSTa sahana karatA hai / jaba bhautika saundaryakA nazA utara jAtA hai to yathArtha anubhava hone lagatA hai - " Apane yathArtha kahA mahAzaya, pratyeka vastu kSaNika hai / yaha vibhava, yaha zAsana, yaha zarIra aura yaha yauvana kisI na kisI kSaNa naSTa hoMge ho / mai ApakA kRtajJa hU~, Apane merI bhUlI AtmA ko satpathake darzana karAye / " 'vasantasenA' kathAmeM batAyA gayA hai ki jinheM hama saMsAra me patita aura nIca samajhate haiM, uname bhI sacAI hotI hai| ve bhI ImAnadAra, dRr3hapratijJa aura karttavyaparAyaNa bana sakate hai / vasantasenA kenyAputrI hokara bhI pA titake AdarzakA pUrNa pAlana karatI hai| premI cArudattake akiMcana 7

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90 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana ho jAnepara bhI vasantasenA kahatI hai-"merA dhana tumhArA hai cAru / maiM ApakI dAsI hU~, mujhe anya na samajhiye nAtha / " jaba vasantasenAkI mA~ nirdhana cArudattako ThukarAnA cAhatI hai to vaha khIjha uThatI hai-"kitanI niSThura ho maoN, jisane tumheM chappanakoTi dInAreM dI, use hI nirdhana kahatI ho|" punaH cArudattase prArthanA karatI hai-"mujhe svIkAra karo nAtha, maiM ApakI gRhiNI bnuuNgii|" ___'parivartana' kahAnI me prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki khUkhAra purupa nArIke madhura sahayogako pAkara hI manuSya banatA hai| samrAT zreNika abhimAna Akara munike galemeM mRta sarpa DAla detA hai, ghara Anepara apane isa kAryakI AtmaprazasA karatA huA apanI patnI celanAse muninindA karatA hai| samrAjJI madhura aura vinIta vacanomeM samajhAtI huI sanATake hRdayako parivartita kara detI hai / "cAra dina nahIM nAtha, cAra mahIne bIta jAnepara bhI sAdhu upasarga upasthita honepara Digate nhiiN|" vacana sunate hI zreNikakA mithyAmimAna cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai| isa sagrahakI kahAniyaoN acchI hai| paurANika AkhyAnome lekhakane nayI jAna DAla dI hai| plaoNTa, caritra aura dRzyAvalI (Background) kI apekSAse isa sagrahakI kahAniyoMme lekhaka bahuta aoMme saphala huA hai kintu sthitiko protsAhana dene aura kahAniyoko tInatama sthitime pahu~cAneme lekhaka asaphala rahA hai / aura utsukatA guNa bhI pUrNa rUpase ina kahAniyoMmeM nahIM A sakA hai / kalpanA aura bhAvakA sammohaka sAmanasya karanekA prayAsa lekhakane kiyA hai, para pUrNa saphalatA nahIM mila sakI hai| isa bIsavI zatIkI jaina kahAniyoMme zrI sva. bhagavat svarUpa 'bhagavat' kI kahAniyA~ adhika saphala haiN| unakI kucha kathAe~ to nizcaya bejor3a haiM / rasabharI, usa dina, mAnavI nAmake kahAnI sakalana prakAzita ho cuke hai|

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kathA-sAhitya mAnavI isa sakalaname chaH kahAniyA~ hai-nArItva, atItake pRSThose, jIvana pustakakA antima pRSTha, mAtRtva, cirajIvI aura anugAminI / inakA AdhAra kramazaH padmapurANa, samyaktvakaumudI, nizibhojana kathA, kSaNika caritra, puNyAstavakathAkopa aura padmapurANakA kathAnaka hai| isa sagrahakI kathAe~ nArI jIvaname utsAha, karaNa, prema, satItva aura sAttvika bhAvokI abhivyaJjanA karaneme pUrNa kSama hai| 99 'nArItva' kahAnImeM nArIke utsAha aura satItvakA apUrva mAhAtmya dikhAyA gayA hai| isame sabalA nArIkA mahAn paricaya hai / ayodhyAnarega madhUkakI mahArAnIkI vIratAkI svarNima jhalaka, karttavya aura sAhasa, pativratA nArIkA teja evaM satIkA yaza bar3e hI sundara Dhagase citrita hai / eka ora nareza madhUkakA digvijayake lie gamana aura dUsarI ora duSTa rAjAokA AkramaNa / aisI vikaTa sthitime mahArAnIne nArItva aura karttavyakai palaDeko parakhA / dezakai pratinidhitvake lie karttavyako mahAn samajha rAnI svaya raNAgaNameM upasthita ho jAtI hai aura zatruke daoNta khaTTe kara yaha catalA detI hai ki jo nArIko abalA samajhate haiM, ve galata rAstepara hai, nArIke raNacaNDI bana jAnepara usakA mukAvilA koI nahIM kara sakatA hai / madhUkako yaha saba narucA / eka komalAGgI nArIkA yaha sAhasa ! nArItvakA yaha apamAna ! mahArAnI prAsAdake bAhara kara dI gayI / mahArAnako dAharoga huA, saikaDoM upacAra kiye gaye, para koI lAbha nahI / antameM ve satI mahArAnIkI ajulIke chIToMse rogamukta hue / nArIke divya tejake samakSa abhimAnI purupako jhukanA paDA, use usakI mahattAkA anubhava huA / 'atIta ke pRSThose' zIrSaka kahAnImeM nArI- hRdayakI komalatA, saralatA, kaTutA aura kaThoratAkA ucita phala dikhalAyA gayA hai| jinadattAke

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100 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana udAra aura dhArmika hRdayake prakAzama devIkA khaDga kuMThita ho jAtA aura sira jhukAkara use apanI parAjaya svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| antama ISyAlu aura ghAtaka hRdaya maoNkI lAr3alI putrI 'kanakazrI'kA vadha usI khaDgase ho jAtA hai / satya sarvadA vinayI hotA hai, mithyA pracAra karanepara bhI satya chupatA nahIM, sahano AvaraNa DhAlnepara mI sUryakI khararazmiyoMke samAna vaha prakaTa ho hI jAtA hai| pApa pAnIma kiye gaye malakSepaNake samAna Upara utarAye binA nahIM rahatA / ataH kanakanIkI IrSyAlu mAtrA pApa prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha daNDa pAtI hai| isa kathAma hRdayako sparza karanekI kSamatA hai| ghaTanA-camatkAra itanA vilakSaNa hai, jisase pAThaka rasamagna hue vinA nahIM raha sakatA / 'jIvana pustakakA antima pRSTha' kahAnImeM rAtribhojana-tyAgakA vivAda mAhAtmya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| eka nimnazreNIke vaMzame utpanna bAla vrata aura niyamoMkA pAlanakara sadAcArase jIvana vyatIta karatI hai / vaha kuTumbiyoM dvArA nAnA prakArase satAye jAnepara bhI apanI pratijJAko nahIM chor3atI / vratakA satpariNAma use janma-janmAntarA~taka bhoganA par3atA hai| mAnava jIvanako sukhI aura sampanna banAneke lie saMyama aura tyAgI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| 'mAtRtva meM mAtRhRdayakA saccA paricaya diyA gayA hai, para vadanA bhI mauke sadRza vAtsalya karatI hai / putrake Upara premakI dRSTi samAna hote hue bhI, donoMke premameM AkAza-pAtAlakA antara hai / jaba eka ora putra aura dUsarI ora atula vaibhavakA prazna upasthita hotA hai, taba asala mAtAkA hRdaya vaibhavako ThukarAkara putrako apanA letA hai / mAtAke niHsvArtha hRdayakA itanA jvalanta udAharaNa sambhavataH anyatra nahIM mila skegaa| 'cirajIvI' satI gauravakI amivyaMjanA karanevAlI kathA hai / prabhAvatI apane satItvakI rakSAke lie aneka saMkaTa sahana karatI hai / duSTA-dvArA apaharaNa honepara bhI vaha apane divya tenako prakaTakara apanI zaktikA

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kathA-sAhitya paricaya detI hai / usake tejase devoke vimAna ruka jAte hai, ve usa satIko apane dharmase aTala samajha usakI saba tarahase sahAyatA karate hai tathA use sakaTamukta kara dete haiM / vizvavandya nArIke isa karmakA prabhAva sabhIpara par3atA hai, sabhI usakA yazogAna karane lagate hai / 101 'anugAminI' meM nArI puruSakI anugAminI hokara apanA ujjvala Adarza rakhatI hai, use bhogakI abhilASA nahI hai / jaba vajrabAhukI tIvra viSaya-vAsanAkI kaDiyA~ munirAjake darzana mAtrase TUTakara gira paDatI haiM aura usake antarame virAgakI ujjvala AbhA camaka uThatI hai, taba vaha apanI priya patnI aura vaibhavako tyAga yogI ho jAtA hai / apane patiko isa prakAra virakta hote dekhakara rAnI manoramA bhI apane pati aura bhAIkA anusaraNa karatI hai| sAsArika pralobhana aura bandhanoko chinna-bhinna kara detI hai / 'mAnavI' sakalaname bhASA, bhAva, kathopakathana aura caritra-citraNakI dRSTise lekhakako paryApta saphalatA milI hai| purAne kathAnakoko sajAne aura sa~vAraneme kalAkArakI kalA nikhara gayI hai| sabhI kahAniyoMkA Arambha utsukatApUrNa rItise huA hai / kahAniyomeM rahatyakA nirvAha bhI utsukatA jAgrata karaneme sakSama hai / vizeSataH tIvratama sthiti (Climax) jyo-jyo nikaTa AtI hai, kahAnIme eka apUrva vegakA sacAra hotA hai, jisase pratyeka pAThakakI utsukatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| yahI hai bhagavatkI kalA, unhone pariNAma socanekA bhAra pAThakoke Upara choDa diyA hai / zrI bhagavatkI anya phuTakara kahAniyo meM 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH', 'usa dina', 'zikArI' aura 'bhrAtRtva' Adi kahAniyA~ sundara hai| 'usa dina' kahAnIme kalA pUrNarUpase vidyamAna hai / kathAkA Arambha kitane kalApUrNa Dhagase huA hai "svaccha AkAza ! zarIrako sukhada dhUpa / nagarase dUra ramya prAkRtika, pathikoMke padacinho se bananevAlA gairakAnUnI mArga pagaDaNDI / idhara :

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana udhara dhAnya-utpAdaka, hare-bhare tathA aMkurita kheta ! jahA~-tahA~ anavarata parizramake bhAdI ; vizvake annadAtA-kRSaka !...kAryameM saMlagna aura sarasa tathA bhuka chandakI tAneM alApane meM vyasta ! sadhana vRkSoMkI chAyAmeM vizrAma lenevAle sundara madhubhApI pakSiyoMke jor3e ! aSaNa-priya madhusvarase ninAdita vAyumaNDala !...aura samIrakI prAkRtika Ananda dAyaka jhaMkRti..." "mahA-mAnava dhanyakumAra calA jA rahA thA, usI pgddnnddiipr| prakRtikI rUpa-bhaMgimAko nirakhatA, prasanna aura mudita hotA huA ! kSaNa-pratikSaNa jijJAsAe~ baDhatI calatIM ! hRdaya cAhatA-'vizvakI samasta jJAtavyatAeM usameM samA jAya ! sabhI kalA-kauzala usase prema karane lge|'...nyaa khUna jo ThaharA ! sukha aura dulArakI godameM poSaNa pAnevAlA ____ 'bhrAtRtva' kathAme bhagavatnIne marubhUti aura vizvabhUtike paurANika kathAnakame eka navIna jAna DAla dI hai| pratizodhakI balavatI bhAvanAkA citraNa isa kathAmeM huA hai / kalAkArane pAtroMkA caritra citrita karane meM abhinayAtmaka zailIkA prayoga kiyA hai, jisase kathAoMmeM jIvaTatA A gayI hai| tarkapUrNa aura tathya vivecanAtmaka zailIkA prayoga rahanepara mI sarasatA kathAokI jyoMkI tyo hai| calatI-phiratI bhASAke prayogane kahAniyA~ko sarala va buddhigrAhya banA diyA hai| 'jJAnodaya me zrI pro0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryakI cAra-pA~ca kahAniyA~ prakAzita huI thIM / zramaNa prabhAcandra, jaTila muni aura bahurUpiyA kahAnI acchI haiM / yadyapi 'zramaNa prabhAcandra'me bIca-bIcame saMskRtake zloka uddhRta kara kathAke pravAhako avaruddha kara diyA hai, to bhI uddezyakI dRSTise kahAnI acchI hai / isa kathAkA uddezya varNavyavasthAkA khokhalApana dikhalAkara samatA aura svAtantryakA sandeza denA hai| caritra-citraNakI dRSTise yaha kahAnI sadoSa hai| TekanikakA abhAva hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 103 'naTila muni' kahAnIkA Arambha acchA huA hai, para anta kalAtmaka nahI huA hai | tIvratama sthiti (Climax) kA bhI abhAva hai, phira bhI kahAnI meM mArmikatA hai| kathAkArane kahAnI Arambha karate hue likhA hai- "munivara, Aja bar3A anartha ho gyaa| purohita candrazarmAne caulakyAdhipatiko zApa diyA hai ki isa muhUrtta meM vaha siMhAsanake sAtha pAtAlameM dha~sa jAya~ge / durdhAsAkI taraha cakra bhrukuTI lAla netra aura sarpakI taraha phuMphakArate hue jaba candrane zApa diyA to eka bAra to cAlukyAdhipati hataprabha ho gye| maiM unhe sAntvanA to de AyA hU~ / para vaha Andolita hai / munivara caulukyAdhipatikI rakSA kIjiye / " rAnamantrIne ghabar3AhaTase kahA / kahAnIme utsukatA guNakA nirvAha anta nahI ho sakA hai| eka sabase baDA Topa ina kahAniyoMmeM pravAhazaithilya bhI pAyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kahAniyoMmeM ghaTanAoke itivRtta rUpake sivAya anya kathAtattva nahI A sake hai 1 isa saMkalanameM bhI ayodhyAprasAda 'goyalIya' kI 118 kahAniyoM, kivadantiyoM, sasmaraNa aura AkhyAna tathA cuTakule haiN| zrI goyalIyane gahare pAnI paiTha jIvana-sAgara aura vADmayako mathakara ina ratauMko nikAlA hai | ye saba kathAeN tIna khaNDome vibhakta hai ---- 1. var3e janake AzIrvAdase (55) 2. itihAsa aura jo paDhA (47) 3. hiyekI oNkhose jo dekhA (16) ina kathAome lekhakakI kalAkA aneka sthalopara paricaya milatA hai| AkarSaka varNanazailI aura TakasAlI muhAvaredAra mApA hRdaya aura manako pUrA prabhAvita karatI haiN| iname vAstaviktAke sAtha hI bhAvako adhikAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / vastutaH zrI goyalIyane jIvana ke anubhavoko lekara manoraMjaka AkhyAna likhe hai / sAdhAraNa loga jina bArtokI upekSA

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104 hindI - jaina sAhitya - parizIlana karate haiM, Apane unhIko kalAtmaka zailI meM likhA hai / ataH sabhI kathAe~ jIvana ke ucca vyApAroke sAtha sambandha rakhatI haiM / yadyapi kathAnaka, pAtra, ghaTanA, havyaprayoga aura bhAva ye pA~ca kahAnIke mukhya aga ina AkhyAnome samAviSTa nahIM ho sake hai, to bhI kahAniyA~ sajIva hai / jisa cIjakA hRdayapara gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha inameM vidya mAna hai / varNanAtmaka utkaMThA (Narrative Curiosity) ina sabhI kathAoM hai / bhApA ina kathAo meM kathA ke pravAhako kisa prakAra Age bar3hAtI haiM, yaha nimna uddharaNose spaSTa hai / "tumhAre jaise dAtAra to bahuta mila jAyeMge, virale hI hoMge, jo eka lAkhako Thokara mArakara milAkara cala dete haiM / " para mere jaise tyAgI kucha apanI ora se - tyAgI pR0 24 "sUryake sandhyAse pANigrahaNa karate hI rajanI kAlI cAdara DhAlakara suhAgarAtake pravandhame vyasta thI / juganU saroMpara haNDe uThAye idhara-udhara bhAga rahe the / dAduroke AzIrvAdAtmaka gIta samApta bhI na ho pAye the, kumarIne saruke vRkSase, koyalane amubhAkI DhAlase, tulavulane zAstre gulase badhAIke rAga cheDe | zvAnadeva aura vaizAkhanandana apane maeNje hue kaMThase zyAmakalyANa AlApakara isa zubha saMyogakA samarthana kara rahe the, jhIMgura devatA sitAra bajA rahe the kaTTo gilaharI nAcaneko prastuta thI, para rAtri adhika ho jAnese vaha taiyAra na huI / phira bhI ulUkakhA~ valda vUmakhA~ apanA khurAsAnI aura zrImatI camagIdar3a kizorI apanA IrAnI nRtya dikhAkara ajIva samA bA~dha rahe the / " / IrSyAkA pariNAma vinodAtmaka zailIme kitanI saralatAse lekhakane vyakta kiyA hai | yaha choTA-sA AkhyAna hRdayapara eka amiTa rekhA khIca detA hai /

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kathA-sAhitya "bhojana ke samaya ekake bhAge ghAsa aura dUsareke Age bhusa rakha diyA gayA / paNDitoMne dekhA to bhAgababUlA ho gaye / seTha jI ! hamArA yaha apamAna !" 105 "mahArAja ! Apa hI logoMne to eka dUsareko gadhA aura baila batalAyA hai / " 'kyA soce' kathAme lekhakane bar3e hI kauzalase sAsArika viSayoke cintana se virata hone kA saMketa kiyA hai / jisa bAtako vaha kahanA cAhatA hai, use usane kitanI saralatApUrvaka kalAtmaka Dhagase vyakta kiyA hai / "eka dhyAnAbhyAsI ziSya dhyAnameM magna the / aura dAla-bATI Adi banAkara AsvAdana karanekA cintana kara rahe the ki acAnaka usake mukhase sIkAre kI-sI AvAja nikala paDI / " pAsame baiThe hue gurudevane pUchA"cansa kyA huA ?" ziSya-- "gurudeva, maine Aja dhyAnameM dAla-bATI banAnekA upakrama kiyA thA aura mirca teja ho jAnese AsvAdana karaneme sIkAreko AvAja nikala paDI aura merA dhyAna TUTa gyaa| mai yaha na jAna sakA ki yaha sava upakrama kalpanA mAtra hai / Apa aisA ArzIvAda deM, jisase isase bhI jyAdA dhyAna-magna ho sakU~ / " gurudeva muskarAkara bole- " vatsa ! dhyAnakA cipaya Atmacintana hai, dAla-bATI nahI / usase dhyAna sArthaka aura AtmakalyANa saMbhava hai / vyarthakI vastuoMko tyAgakara hitakArI cIz2oMko hI apane andara sthAna do / " 'hiyekI A~khoMse' goyalIyane jina ratnoMko khonA hai, unakI camaka adbhuta hai / adhikAza racanAe~ bhArmika aura prabhAvazAlI hai / bhASA aura gailIkI saralatA goyalIyakI apanI vizeSatA hai / urdU aura hindIkA aisA sundara samanvaya anyatra zAyada hI mila sakegA / yahI kAraNa hai ki

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana eka sAdhAraNa zikSita pAThaka bhI ina kahAniyA~kA rasAsvAdana kara sattA hai / abhivyaJjanA itane cubhate hue DhaMgase huI hai, jisase AkhyAnAtrA uddezya grahaNa karanemeM hRdayako tanika bhI zrama nahIM karanA par3atA / mirgI DalI muhama DAlate hI dhIre-dhIre ghulane lagatI hai aura miThAsa apane Apa bhItara taka pahuMca jAtI hai| "inta bar3I yA rupayA" kahAnAMnI ninna paMniyA darzanIya hai cacA hala kara bole-"bhaI jitanI bAta likhanekI thI, vaha to likha hI dI thii| merA khyAla thA tuma samajha jAoge ki koI naI bAta jala hai / vanAM dA Anake purAne agocheke lie do paisakA kArDa zrIna kharAba karatA ? aura rupayA~kA vikra tAna-bUjha kara isalie nahIM kiyA ki agara koI uThA le gayA hogA to bhI nama apane pAsa hai jAbhoge / apanI isa masAvadhAnI ke lie numheM parezAnI meM DAlanA mujhaM iSTa na thaa|" jana sandezama zrI gaharake nAmane prakAzita kathAe~, jinake rAstA zrI paM0 balamadranI nyAyatIrtha hai, sundara haiN| ina kathAma kaNasAhitya taloMke gaya jIvanI uThAna bhAvanAoM mI sundara citraga huA hai| gelI pravAhapUrNa hai, bhASA parimAnti aura nucita hai| kintu ArAmaka prayAsa hone kAraNa kathAnaka, saMvAda aura caritra-citraNama kalAne vikAsakA kucha kamI hai| jaina kathA sAhityameM anupama slaoNke rahanepara mI,abhI isa kSetramaM nAma vikAmacI AvazyakatA hai| yadi jaina kathAe~ AnakI calImeM lilI gayeM to ina kathAoMse mAnavakA nizcayase naitika utthana ho sakatA hai| Aja tinor3iyA~ma banda ina ratlaoNko sAhitya-saMsArakai samva rakhnanI aura lekhakA~ko anya dhyAna denA hogA | kevala ye na jana sammAnakI nidhi nahIM hai, pratyuta ina para mAnava mAtrA svatva hai|

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nATaka 107 nATaka atItakI kisI asAdhAraNa aura mArmika ghaTanAko lekara usakA anukaraNa karanekI pravRti mAnavamAtrame pAyI jAtI hai| isI pravRttikA phala nATakoMkA sujana honA hai / jaina lekhaka bhI prAcIna kAlase apane prAcIna nATakokA anuvAda tathA samayAnusAra purAne kathAnakoko lekara navIna nATaka likhate A rahe hai| isa zatAbdIke prArambhame zrI jainendrakizora ArA nivAsIkA nAma nATakakArakI dRSTise Adarake sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| Apane apane jIvaname lagabhaga 1 darjanase adhika nATaka likhe haiM / yadyapi ina nATakoMkI mApAzailI prAcIna hai, to bhI ina nATakoke dvArA jaina hindI sAhityakI paryAta zrIvRddhi huI hai| "somA satI" aura "paNadAsa" ye do prahasana bhI Apake dvArA racita hai / ArAme Apake prayatnase eka jaina nATakamaNDalI bhI sthApita thii| yaha bhaNDalI Apake racita rUpoMkA abhinaya karatI thii| vidUpakakA pArTa Apa svaya karate the | bahuta dino taka isa maNDalIne acchA kArya kiyA, para ApakI mRtyu ho jAneke pazcAt isakA kArya ruka gyaa| ___ zrI jainendrakizorake sabhI nATaka prAyaH padyabaddha haiM / urdU kA prabhAva padyopara atyadhika hai | "kalikautuka ke magalAcaraNake padma sundara hai| Apake ye nATaka aprakAzita haiM aura ArAnivAsI zrIrAjendraprasAdanIke pAsa surakSita haiN| ___ manoramA sundarI, aMjanA sundarI, cIra draupadI, pradyumna carita aura zrIpAlacaritra nATaka sAdhAraNatayA acche hai| paurANika upAkhyAnoko lekhakane apanI kalpanA-dvArA paryAta sarasa aura hRdaya-hya vanAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| TekanikakI dRSTise yadyapi ina nATakoMme lekhakako pUrI saphalatA nahIM mila sakI hai, to bhI inakA sambandha ragamacase hai| kathAvikAsame nATakocita utAra-caDhAva vidyamAna hai / vaha lekhakakI klA

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana vijJatAkA paricAyaka hai / inake sabhI nATakakA AdhAra sAskRtika cetanA hai / jaina saMskRtike prati lekhakakI gahana AsthA hai / isalie usane unhIM mArmika AkhyAnoko apanAyA hai, jo jaina saMskRtikI mahattA prakaTa kara sakate haiN| 108 prahasanoMmeM "kRpaNadAsa" aura "rAmarasa" acche prahasana hai / "rAmarasa" jIvanake utthAna - patanakI vivecanA karanevAlA hai / kusagati manuSyakA sarvanAza kisa prakAra karatI hai yaha isa prahasanase spaSTa hai / rUpakAtmaka nATaka likhanekI prathAkA jaina sAhitya-nirmAtAoMne adhika anusaraNa kiyA hai / saMskRta-sAhityame kaI nATaka isa zailI ke likhe gaye hai / kAma, krodha, lobha, mohake kAraNa mAnava nirantara agAnta hotA rahatA hai / ataH ahiMsA, dayA, kSamA, saMyama aura vivekakI jIvanosthAnake lie parama AvazyakatA hai / hindI bhASAke kalAkArone saMskRtake rUpakAtmaka kaI nATakokA hindImeM anuvAda kiyA hai| isa zailI ke ava takake anUdita jaina nATakoMme nimna do nATaka mujhe adhika pasanda hai / ataeva yahAeN ina dono nATakakA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / isa nATakakA hindI anuvAda zrI paM0 nAthUrAma premIne kiyA hai| anuvAdamaM mUlabhAvokI akSuNNatAke sAtha pravAha hai / padya brajabhASA aura khar3IbolI donoMhI bhASAoMmeM likhe gaye hai| an jJAnasUryodaya dita hone para bhI isame maulika nATakakA Ananda prApta hotA hai / isakI kathAvastu AdhyAtmika hai / isameM nATakIya Dhagase jJAnakI mahattA batalAI gaI hai / isa nATaka meM pAtrokA caritracitraNa aura kathopakathana dono bahuta sundara hai / zAstrIya nATaka honese nAndIpATha, sUtradhAra Adi haiN| mati aura vivekakA vArtAlApa kitanA prabhAvotpAdaka hai, yaha nimna uddharaNose spaSTa hai| 1. jainagrantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI / san 1909

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109 mati -- Aryaputra ! ApakA kathana satya hai tathApi jisake bahuta se sahAyaka ho usa zatruse hamezA zaMkita rahanA cAhie / nATaka viveka-acchA kaho, usake kitane sahAyaka haiM ? kAmako zIla mAra girAvegA / krodhake lie kSamA bahuta hai / santoSake sammukha lobhakI durgati hovegI hI aura becArA dambha-kapaTa to santoSakA nAma sunakara chUmantara ho jAyagA / mati - parantu mujhe yaha eka baDhAbhArI acaraja lagatA hai ki jaba Apa aura mohAdika eka hI pitAke putra haiM taba isa prakAra zatrutA kyoM ? viveka...... jAtmA kumatimeM itanA Asakta aura rata ho rahA hai ki apane hitako bhUlakara vaha mohAdi putroMko iSTa samajha rahA hai, jo ki putrAbhAsa haiM aura naraka gatime le jAnevAle haiN| nATakame bIca-bIcame AI huI kavitA bhI acchI hai / kSamA zAntise kahatI hai ki beTI vidhAtAke pratikUla honepara sukha kaise mila sakatA hai ? jAnakI harana vana raghupati bhavana au, bharata narAyanako vanacarake bAna soM / vAridhiko bandhana, mayaMka aMka kSayI roga, zaMkarakI vRtti sunI bhikSATana vAna soM // karNa jaise balavAna kanyAke garbha mAye, bilakhe bana pANDuputra jUbhAke vidhAnasoM / aisI aisI bAteM avaloka jahA~ tahA~ beTI, fafast feestA vicAra dekha jJAnasoM // isa nATakame dArzanika tattvokA vyAkhyAtmaka vivecana bhI prAyaH sarvatra hai / bhAva, bhASA aura vicArokI dRSTise racanA sundara hai /

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana kalaMkanATaka isame akalaMka aura nikalakake mahAn jIvanakA paricaya hai / kathAka choTA-sA hai, prAsaMgika kathAokA samAveza nahI huA hai| mahArAja puruSottamane nandIzvara dvIpame aSTAhnikA parva ke avasara - para ATha dino ke lie brahmacarya grahaNa kiyaa| sAtha hI inake dono putra akalaka aura nikalaMkane bhI Ajanma ke lie brahmacarya trata le liyA / jaba vivAhakAla nikaTa AyA aura vivAhakI taiyAriyA~ hone lagI to putrone vivAhase inkAra kara diyA aura ve jainadharmakI patAkA phaharAne ke lie kaTibaddha ho gaye / 110 usa samaya bauddha dharmakA bolavAlA thA, anya dharmoMkA prabhAva kSINa ho rahA thA / zikSA-dIkSA bhI una logoke hAthame thI / ataeva ve dono mAI vauddha-pAThazAlAme chupakara avyayana karane lage / eka dina bauddhaguru jisa pAThako par3hA rahe the vaha azuddha thA / ataH usako zuddha karane lage / para jaba mAthApaccI karanepara bhI usa pAThako zuddha na kara sake to vaha zAlAse bAhara nikalakara ghUmane lage / akalakane cupacApa usa pAThako zuddha kara diyA / jaba lauTakara guru Aye to usa pAThako zuddha kiyA huA dekhakara cakita hue aura vicArane lage ki avazya iname koI jaina haiM / anyathA ise zuddha nahI kara sakatA thA ataeva parIkSAke lie unhoMne kaI prakArake paDyantra kiye, antamaM akalaMka aura nikalaka pakar3e gaye / aura unheM kArAgRha banda kara diyA gayA / prAtaHkAla hI akalaMka aura nikalaMkako phaoNsI honevAlI thI ataH rAtameM ve kisI taraha bhAga nikle| rAstemaM dharmarakSA ke lie choTe bhAI nikalaMkane prANa diye aura akalaka jIvita vacakara nikala bhAge / virakta hokara akalaka jainadharmakA udyota karane lge| 1 mahArAnI madanasundarI jaina dharmakI upAsikA thI, vaha rathotsava karanA cAhatI thI, kintu bauddha rAjaguru usake isa kAryame vighna the / unhone kahA ki dhArmika vAda-vivAda me parAjita honepara hI jaina dharmakA rathotsava ho sakegA anyathA nahIM / rAjaguruke isa Adeza se rAnI cintita rahane lgii| usane anna-jala

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nATaka kA tyAga kara diyA | svapname cakrezvarI devIne use sAtvanA pradAna kI aura akalakadevako bulAnekA Adeza diyA / dUsare dina acAnaka hI akalakadevakA rAjasabhAme Agamana huaa| donoM varmakA vivAda AraMbha huA | kaI dinotaka akalakakA rAjaguruke sAtha zAstrArtha hotA rahA para jaya-parAjaya kisIko bhI na milI / ataH cintita hokara unhone cakke zvarI devIkI ArAdhanA kI / devIne kahA-paTeMke andarase tArA devI bola rahI hai, ataH dubArA uttara pUchanepara vaha cupa ho jaaygii| cakrezvarI devIne aura bhI parAjayake lie aneka vAte vatalAI / agale dina rAjaguru zAstrArthame parAjita hue aura dhUmadhAmase ratha nikAlA gyaa| isa nATakake kathAnakame mUla kathAnakako choDa, vyartha prasaga nahIM hai| ArabhameM magalAcaraNa tathA sUtradhAra aura naTIkA Agamana huA hai| isame tIna aka hai aura dRzya-parivartana bhI yathAyogya hue hai / yadyapi zailI prAcIna hI hai| phira bhI kathopakathana tathA pAtrokA caritra-citraNa acchA huA hai / yaha nATaka abhinaya yogya hai| ____ akalaka devake isI AkhyAnako lekara zrI paM0 makkhanalAla jI dillI vAlene bhI "akalaMka" nAmakA eka nATaka likhA hai / yaha bhAva aura bhASAkI dRSTise sAdhAraNa hai tathA abhinaya guNa isakI pramukha vizeSatA hai / gItikAvyakI dRSTi se sAdhAraNa honepara bhI sarasa hai| sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rASTriya tattvoke AdhAra para kAlpanika kathAnakako lekara yaha nATaka likhA gayA hai| isake sapAdaka zrI pa0 mahendrakumAra - arjunalAla seThI hai| isame gRha aura samAjakA sAkAra ra citra milatA hai| zarAba aura madake pyAleko pIkara dhanikaputra samAjako barabAda kara dete hai| parivAra juA aura sahA vagairahama phaeNsakara kalahakA kendra banatA hai| pUMjIpatiyokA manamAnA vyavahAra, dahejakI bhayAnakatA, apaTUDeTa mahilAokI kaTutA Adi samAjika burAiyokA pariNAma isame dikhalAyA hai|

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112 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kathAkI samasta ghaTanAe~ zRGkhalAbaddha nahIM haiM, sabhI ghaTanAe~ ukhaDI huI sI haiM / lekhakakA lakSya sAmAjika burAiyoko dikhalA kara lokazikSA denA hai| sumerucada eka seTha haiM / inakI patnI atyanta kaThora aura karkazahRdayA hai / vaha apane devarako phUTI Akho bhI dekhanA nahIM prasanda karatI / patnI kI bAtome sumeruko vizvAsa hai / ataH mahendrako nizidina bhAI aura bhAvajakI jhir3akiyA~ sahanI par3atI haiN| idhara kalahase ghabaDAkara mahendra videza jAneko utsuka hotA hai| usane maoNke samakSa apanI icchA prakaTa kii| maoNne pyAre putrako videza na jAne deneke lie aneka yana kiye para vaha na mAnA | calA hI gayA bhArata maoNke uddhArake lie aura salagna ho gayA deza-sevAmeM | juArI sumeru jueme saba hAra ghara AyA aura patnIke AbhUSaNa maoNgane lgaa| patnIkI tyoriyA badala giiN| itaneme eka bhRtya use bulAkara le gyaa| __eka brahmacArI aura unake mitra nandalAla jApAna jA rahe the / mArgame mAdaka kAnphrensa hote dekha ruka gye| eka vizAla maNDapameM kAnphensakA jalasA ho rahA thA, nazeme saba masta the| ve dezame adhikase adhika bhaga, tambAkU, sigareTa AdikA pracAra karanekA prastAva pAsa kara rahe the / brahmacArI navayuvakokI isa tavAhIko dekhakara parama dukhita hue / bhASaNa-dvArA usakA utthAna karaneko ceSTA kii| isI samaya eka suzIlA kanyAkA svayavara racA jA rahA thA jisame aneka kumAroke sAtha mahendra bhI pahuMcA, varamAlA mahendra ke galeme parDI / donokA vivAha ho gyaa| brahmacArI rAjadarabArame pahuMcA aura lagA rAjAke samakSa rAjakumArakI caritrabhraSTatA, madyapAna aura vyabhicArake samasta dUSaNa prakaTa karane / sumitrAke sAtha balAtkAra karanekA pramANa bhI rAjAko diyaa| unhoMne darabArameM mahendra, sumitrA aura rAjakumAra tInoMko bulaayaa| rAjakumArako

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nATaka 113 kaidakI sajA milI aura una donoMkA sammAna kiyA gyaa| brahmacArI aura sumitrAkai Agrahase rAjakumArako chor3a diyA gyaa| prajA-kalyANa tathA jAnake pracArake lie mahendrako netA banAyA gyaa| brahmacArI aura koI nahI thA vaha sumitrAkA pitA thA yaha bheda aba khulA / ___ isa nATakame kaI bhApAokA samizraNa hai| pAtra bhI kaI tarahake haiM koI mAravADI, koI apaTUDeTa, koI sAdhAraNa gRhastha / ataH bhApA bhI minna prakArako vyavahRta huI hai| kuNaghaNA Adi mAravADI aura karai cha, ur3Anu chU Adi gujarAtI zabdokA prayoga bhI isame huA hai / yo to sAdhAraNataH khar3I bolI hai| bIca-bIcame jahA~ tahA~ aeNgrejIke zabdokA bhI prayoga khulakara kiyA gayA hai| vizkhalti kathAke rahanepara bhI abhinaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| ajanAsuMdarIkA kathAnaka itanA lokapriya rahA hai jisase isa kayAnakakA Alabana lekara upanyAsa, kathAe~, prabadha-kAvya aura kaI nATaka likhe gaye haiN| sudarzana aura kanhaiyAlAlne pRthak-pRthak ____ nATaka race haiN| ina donoM nATakakAroMkI kathA eka hai| yadyapi sudarzanane aMjanA aura kanhaiyAlAlane ajanAsudarI nAma rakhe hai phira bhI donokI kathAvastume paryApta sAmya hai| aura donokA lakSya bhI bhAratIya nArIke Adarza caritrako citrita karanA hai| dono nATakoMme ajanAkA karaNadRzya hRdayadrAvaka hai| para sudarzanajIkI racanA sAhityika dRSTikoNase ucca koTikI hai| prakRtike sukomala dRzyoMke sahAre mAnavIya aMtaHkaraNako kholakara pratyakSa karA denekI kalA sudarzanajIme hai| isalie ajanAme prakRtike mAdhurya aura saundaryakA sambandha jIvanake sAtha sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai| sudarzanajIke ajanA nATakameM vANI hI nahIM, hRdaya bolatA huA haTi-gocara hotA hai| sukhadAke vicArokA kama dekhie

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14 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana "sukhadA-eka eka kara dasa varSa bIta gaye, parantu merI mA~sAke sammukha abhI taka vahI ramya mUrti usI sundaratAke sAtha ghUma rahI hai| yahI Rtu thA, yahI samaya thA, yahI sthAna thA, yahI vRkSa thA, sUrya asta ho rahA thA, manda manda vAyu cala rahA thaa| prakRtipara anUyA yauvana chAyA huA thaa| ___ aMjanAsundarI nATakakI mUla kathAme thor3A parivartana karake kAryakAraNake sambandhako spaSTa karanekI ceSTA kI gaI hai| para yaha utanA saphala nahIM ho sakA hai, jitanA aMjanA meM huA hai / udAharaNArtha-mUla kathAnusAra ajanA apanI sAsako pavanaMjaya-dvArA dI gaI a~gUThI dikhAtI hai phira bhI use vizvAsa nahIM hotA aura gharase nikAla detI hai / yaha bAta pAThakoko kucha jacatI-sI nahIM / kanhaiyAlAlane isa ghaTanAko hRdayagrAhya banAneke lie a~gUThIke kho nAnekI kalpanA kI hai, parantu sudarzanane isa pahelIko aura spaSTa karaneke lie likhA hai ki pavana apanI a~gUThIke nagake nIce apane hastAkSarAkita eka kAgajakA Tukar3A rakhatA thaa| lalitAne a~gUThI badala lii| aMjanAko isa vAtakI jAnakArI nahIM thI, ata. asala guThIke abhAvame sAsakA sandeha karanA svAbhAvika thaa| zrIpAla nATakakA dUsarA sthAna hai| isameM mainAsundarIkI apekSA adhika nATyanattva pAye jAte hai / kathopakathana bhI prabhAvaka hai| zrIpAla-"he candravadane ! Apane jo kahA ThIka hai kSatriya loga kisIke Age hAtha nIcA nahIM karate haiM aura kadAcit koI aisA kareM bhI to aisA kauna kAyara aura nilAmI purupa hogA jo dUsaroMko rAjya dekara Apa prAyazcitta-jIvana vyatIta kregaa| ____ isameM gadya aura padya donoMma lakhyakI madhuratA aura kramavaddhatA hai| abhinayakI dRSTise yaha nATaka bahuta aMzoMme saphala rahA hai| mApAmaM urdUzabdokI bharamAra hai / manAsundarI nATakakA abhinaya kiyA jA sakatA hai, para usameM kalA nahIM hai| vyarthakA anuprAsa milAneke lie bhASAko

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kamalazrI nATaka kRtrima banAyA gayA hai| DaoNlI bhI bojhila hai / sAhityikatAkA abhAva hai / 115 kathAnaka kamalazrI aura zivasundarI nATakake racayitA nyAmata hai| ye dono nATaka bhI paurANika hai aura abhinaya yogya hai / hastinApurake mahArAja harivalakI kanyA kamalazrI rUpavatI honeke sAtha-sAtha zIlaguNayuktA thii| seTha dhanadeva usake rUpa aura guNopara Asakta ho gayA aura isase vivAha sambandha kara liyA | kucha samayoparAnta kamalazrIko satAnakA abhAva khaTakane lagA aura vaha bhAvAvezamaM Akara udAsIna ho munirAja - ke samIpa dIkSA lene calI gaI / munirAjane use garmiNI jAna dIkSA na dI / garbhakI bAta jAnakara kamalazrI parama prasanna huI / 1 samaya pAkara bhaviSyadatta nAmaka putrakA janma huA / kucha samaya padacAt eka dina dhanadeva dhanadattakI putrI surUpAko dekhakara Asakta ho gayA aura usake sAtha vivAha kara liyA / kamalazrIko usane usake pIhara bheja diyA / surUpAko bandhudatta nAmaka putra utpanna huA / bhaviSyadatta bhI vimAtA ke vyavahArase asantuSTa hokara apane nanihAla calA gayA / murUpAke lAr3a-pyArase vadhudatta vigar3ha gayA / jaba bar3A huA to bhaviSyadattake sAtha vyApAra karane videzako claa| mArgamai dhokhA dekara badhudattane bhaviSyadattako 'mainAgiri' parvatapara chor3a diyA aura apane sAthiyoko lekara Age calA gayA / vahA~ bhaviSyadattako bhUkha-pyAsajanya aneka kaSTa sahane par3e / bhAgyavaza tilakapura paTTana pahueNcanepara tilakAsundarI nAmaka kanyAse usakA vivAha huA / idhara vadhudattakA jahAja coroMne lUTa liyA / bhaviSyadatta tilakAsundarIke sAtha hastinApurako lauTa rahA thA ki mArgame dayanIya dazAme bandhudatta bhI A milaa| bhaviSya

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116 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana dattane use sAtvanA dii| durbhAgyavaza tilakAmundarIkI mudrikA chUTa gaI thI ataH yaha use lene ke lie jahAjase utara gyaa| ava kyA thA duSTa bandhudattako dhokhA denekA acchA suavasara hAtha AyA / usane jahAna Age bar3hA diyA aura tilakAsundarIpara Asakta hokara usakA satItva-nAza karanA cAhA / kintu usake divya tenake samakSa use parAjita honA pdd'aa| vandhudatta atula sampatti aura tilakAko lekara ghara phuNcaa| surUSA putrakA vaibhava dekhakara Anandamagna ho gii| tilakAke sAtha vivAha honekA samAcAra nagara marameM phaila gyaa| jaba bhaviSyadatta lauTakara AyA to kinArepara jahAjako na pAkara bahuta dukhI huaa| para pIche vimAname baiTha hastinApura calA AyA / putra aura adhIra maoN kamalIkA milApa huaa| bandhudattake durAcArakA samAcAra nagarabharameM phaila gayA / malinavadanA tilakAkA muMha prasanna ho gyaa| patike milanekI AzAne usake azAta jIvanako zAti-pradAna kI / rAja-daravArame vandhudatta aura surUpAkA kAlA muMha huaa| bhaviSyadatta aura tilakAsundarI sukhapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karane lage / seTha dhanadevako kamalazrIse kSamA mAMganI paDI / vandhudatta krodhita hokara podanapurake yuvarAnake samIpa pahu~cA aura ganapurake mahArAna bhUpAlakI kanyA sumatAse vivAha karaneko uttejita kara diyA / rAjA bhUpAla bhaviSyadattako vara nirvAcita kara cuke the| ataH dono rAjAome bhayakara yuddha huaa| bhaviSyadattane senApati padapara pratiSThita ho atIva vIratAkA paricaya diyaa| yuddha meM bhaviSyadattako vijaya-lakSmI prApta huI / sumatAkA bhaviSyadarake sAtha pANigrahaNa huaa| tilakAsundarI paTTarAnI banAI gii| isa nATakameM vAtAvaraNakI sRSTi itane gamIra evaM sajIva rUpameM kI gaI hai ki atIta hamAre sAmane Akara upasthita ho jAtA hai / ghokhA aura kapaTanIti sadA asaphala rahatI haiM, yaha isa nATakase spaSTa hai / kayo

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nATaka kathAnaka 117 pakathana svAbhAvika bana paDA hai / caritra-citraNakI dRSTise yaha nATaka surucipUrNa aura svAbhAvika hai| isa nATakakI zailI purAtana hai / bhASA urdU mizrita hai / tathA ekAdha sthalapara asvAbhAvikatA bhI pratIta hotI hai / zrI bhagavatsvarUpakA yaha deza-dazA-pradarzaka, karuNarasa pradhAna nATaka hai| isame sAmAjika yugakI vipamatA aura usake prati vidrohakI bhAvanA hai / pU~jIpatiyokI z2yAdatI aura garIbokI karuNa Aha g2arIba eva dhanI aura nirdhanake hRdayakI vizeSatAokA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / rupayokI mAyA aura lakSmIkI cacalatAkA hRyya (svarUpa) dikhAkara lekhakane mAnava hRdayako jagAnekA yatna kiyA hai / yaha sAmAjika nATaka abhinaya yogya hai / isame aneka rasamaya dRzya vartamAna hai, jo darzakoko kevala rasamaya hI nahI banAte, kintu rasavibhora kara dete haiM / bhagavatne vastutaH sIdhI-sAdI bhASAme yaha sundara nATaka likhA hai / isa nATaka ke racayitA zrI brajakizora nArAyaNa hai| isame vidyAkI ananyatama vibhUti bhagavAn mahAvIrake Adarza varddhamAna mahAvIra jIvanako akita kiyA gayA hai / varddhamAna janmase hI asAdhAraNa vyakti the / bacapanake sAthI bhI unake vyaktitvase prabhAvita hokara unakI jayajayakAra manAte rahate the / bhagavAn varddhamAnakI adbhuta vIratA aura alau kikaM kAyokai kAraNa unake mAtA-pitAne bhI unheM devatA svIkAra kara liyA thA / jaba kumAra vayaska hue to pitA siddhArtha aura mAtA trizalAko putra - vivAhakI cintA huIM, kintu virAgI mahAvIra barAvara TAlamaTUla karate rahe / jaba mAtA- pitAkA adhika Agraha dekhA to unhone eka vinIta AjJAkArI putrake samAna unake AdezakA pAlana kiyA aura vivAha kara liyaa| jaba mAtA-pitAkA svargavAsa ho gayA aura bhagavAn ke bhAI nandivarddhanane rAjyabhAra grahaNa kiyA to varddhamAnakA

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hindI - jaina sAhitya- parizIlana vairAgya aura baDha gayA / sasArake padArthoMse unheM aruci ho gaI / hisA aura svArthaparatA kI bhAvanAkA anta karaneke lie kumAra patnI aura putrI priyadarzanAko chor3a gharase cala paDe / unhone vastrAbhUpaNa utAra diye aura AtmazodhanameM pravRtta ho gaye / sAdhanA kAlame hI bhagavAn mahAvIrake kaI ziSya hue| makhalIputra gozAlaka bhI ziSya ho gayA, kintu varddhamAnakI kaThina sAdhanAse ghaghaDAkara pRthaka rahane lagA, aura usane AjIvaka- sampradAya nAmaka alaga bhata nikAlA / vardhamAnako aneka kaSTa sahana karane paDe, para nizcala tapa aura divya sAvana kI jyotimaM Akara sabane barddhamAnakA prabhutva svIkAra kara liyaa| ve jainadharmake satya aura ahiMsAkA upadeza dete rahe / nAmAli aura gozAlakane mahAvIrakA ghora virodha kiyA, para antameM unheM bhI pazcAttApakI mauta maranA paDA / indrabhUti nAmaka zramaNako mahAvIrane bhAratakA dayanIya citra khIMcakara dikhalAyA aura usa kAlake zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika hrAsakA paricaya diyA / antameM mahAvIra pAvApurI pahueNce aura vahA~ unakA divya upadeza huA aura bhagavAn mahAvIrane samAdhi grahaNa kI aura nirvANa lAbha kiyA / 118 yaha kathAnaka zvetAmbara jaina Agamake AdhArapara liyA gayA hai / digamvara mAnyatAme bhagavAn mahAvIrako avivAhita aura sAdhanAkAma digambara nirvastra rahanA mAnA gayA hai / lekhakane isa nATakako abhinayake lie likhA hai tathA usakA saphala abhinaya mabhava bhI hai| isakI sabhI ghaTanAe~ dRzya hai, sUkSma ghaTanAoMkA abhAva hai / Adhunika nATyakalAka anusAra sagIta aura nRtya bhI isameM nahIM hai / vizepazAne abhinayakI saphalatAke lie nATakame nimna guNokA rahanA Avazyaka mAnA hai / 1 - kathAvastukA sakSipta honA / nATaka itanA baDA ho jo adhikale adhika tIna ghaNTe samApta ho jAya.!

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nATaka 119 2 - nATakakI bhASA sarala, subodha aura bhAvAnukUla ho / 3 - hRdaya parivartana samayAnukUla aura vyavasthita ho / 4 - kathAvastu jaTila na ho / 5 - gItokA vAhulya na ho tathA nRtya bhI na rahe to acchA hai| 6 --- pAtrokA caritra mAnavIya ho / 7--kathopakathana vistRta na ho, svagata bhASaNa na ho / ina guNokI dRSTise varddhamAna nATaka meM abhinaya sambandhI bahuta kama truTiyA~ haiM / yaha adhika se adhika do ghaNTeme samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / hRdaya - parivartana raMgamaMca ke anusAra hue hai| kathAvastu sarala hai| haoN, saMgItakA na rahanA kucha khaTakatA hai, nATakame isakA rahanA Avazyaka-sA hai / arrain kathA aura cAritrako spaSTa karaneke lie kathopakathanakA Azraya liyA jAtA hai / isa nATakake kathopakathana nATakIya prabhAva utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiM / zrAvya- azrAvya aura niyata zrAvya tInoM prakArake kathopakathanoM se hI isameM zrAvya kathopakathanako hI pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| trizalA aura sucetAkA nimna kathopakathana kathAke pravAhako kitanA sarasa aura tIvra banA rahA hai, yaha darzanIya hai trizalA - sucetA ! mai tAlAbame sabase Age tairate hue dono haMsoko dekhakara anubhava kara rahI hU~ jaise mere dono putra nandivarddhana aura varddhamAna krIDA kara rahe hai / donome jo sabase Age taira rahA hai vaha sucetA -- vaha kumAra nandivardhana hai mahArAnI ! trizalA - nahIM sucetA, vaha varddhamAna hai / nandivarddhaname itanI tIvratA kahA~ ? itanI kSipratA kahA~ 1 dekha, dekha, kisa phurtIse kamalakI parikramA kara rahA hai zarAratI kahI~kA / yaha saba hote hue bhI pAtroMke antardvandva dvArA kathopakathanameM jo eka prakArakA pravAha A jAtA hai, vaha isame nahIM hai / lekhaka cAhatA to

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120 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana bhagavAn mahAvIrake mAtA-pinAkI mRtyu, tapasyAkI sAdhanA Adi avasaropara svAbhAvika antardvandvakI yojanA kara sakatA thaa| __pAtrokA vaiyaktika vikAsa bhI isameM nahI dikhalAyA gayA hai| nandivarddhana, trizalA, priyadarzanAkA vyaktitva isa nATakame luptaprAya hai| svayaM siddhArtha varddhamAna samakSa vivAhakA prastAva Adezake rUpameM nahIM, balki prArthanAke rUpame upasthita karate haiN| yaha nitAnta asvAbhAvika hai| haoN pitA premase samajhA sakate the yA madhura vacano-dvArA putrako phusalAkara vivAha karA sakate the| nATakame avasthAe~ aura artha-prakRtiyoM bhI spaSTa nahIM A sakI hai| haoN, khIca-tAnakara pA~co avasthAokI sthiti dikhalAI jA sakatI hai| ___ rasa paripAkakI dRSTi se yaha racanA saphala hai / na yaha sukhAnta hai aura na duHkhAnta hii| mahAvIrake nirvANa lAbhake samaya zAntarasakA sAgara umar3ane lagatA hai / ahiMsA mAnavake antaskA prakSAlana kara use bhagavAn banA detI hai| yahI isa nATakakA sandeza hai| vartamAnako samasta burAiyA~ isa ahisAke pAlana karanese hI dUra kI jA sakatI haiN| nibandha-sAhitya Adhunika yuga gadyakA mAnA jAtA hai| Aja kahAnI, upanyAsa aura nATakoke sAtha nibandha-sAhityakA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina hindI gadya sAhityakA bhANDAra nibandhose jitanA bharA gayA hai, utanA anya agose nahI / prAyaH sabhI jaina lekhaka hindI bhApAkai mAdhyama-dvArA tattvajJAna, itihAsa aura vijJAnakI U~cI-se-U~cI bAtoko prakaTa kara rahe haiN| yadyapi maulika pratibhA sampanna nibandhakAroMkI sakhyA atyalpa hai, to bhI apane abhIpsita viSayake nirUpaNakA prayAsa aneka jaina lekhakoMne kiyA hai| nibandha sAhitya itane vipula parimANameM upalabdha

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nibandha-sAhitya hai ki isa prakaraName usakA paricaya denA zakti se bAharakI bAta hai / samagra nibandha sAhityakA samucita vargIkaraNa karanA bhI TeDhI khIra hai / hindI bhASAme likhita jaina nivandha sAhityako aitihAsika, purAtatvAtmaka, AcArAtmaka, dArzanika, sAhityika, sAmAjika aura vaijJAnika ina sAta bhAgo meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yo to viSayakI dRSTise jaina nibandha- sAhitya aura bhI kaI bhAgome vaoNTA jA sakatA hai, parantu ukta vibhAgo dvArA hI nibandhokA vargIkaraNa karanA adhika acchA pratIta hotA hai| aitihAsika aitihAsika nibandhokI saMkhyA lagabhaga eka sahala hai / isa prakAra ke nibandha likhanevAlome sarvazrI nAthUrAma premI, pa0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM0 sukhalAlajI saghavI, muni jinavijaya, muni kalyANavijaya, zrI bAbU kAmatAprasAda, zrI ayodhyAprasAda i goyalIya, pa0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, pro0 hIrAlAla, pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, pa0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI, pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA Adi hai / vizuddha itihAsakI apekSA jainAcAryoM, jainakaviyoM eva anya sAhitya nirmAtAokA zodhAtmaka paricaya likhaneme zrI premIjIkA adhika gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / premIjIne svAmI 'samantabhadra, 'AcArya prabhAcandra, 'devasena sUri, 'anantakIrti Adi naiyAyikoMkA AcArya jinasena aura 'guNabhadra prabhRti saMskRta bhASAke Adarza purANa- nirmAtAokA ; AcArya puSpadanta 1 aura 'vimalasUri Adi prAkRtabhApArka purANa - nirmAtAo kA 'svayabhU ; ; { tathA 10 tribhuvana svayaMbhU prabhRti prAkRta bhASA ke kaviyokA ; kavirAja 1 < ' ' 121 1. vidraratnamAlA pR0 159 / 2. anekAnta 1941 / 3. jaina hitaipI 1921 / 4. jainahitaiSI 1915 / 5, harivaMza purANakI bhUmikA } 1930 / 6. jainahitaiSI 1911 / 7. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka 1923 / 8. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 272 / 9-10, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 370 |

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hindI - jaina sAhitya- parizIlana haricandra, 'vAdIbhAsiha, dhanajaya, "mahAsena, jayakIrtti vAgbhaTTa Adi saMskRta kaviyoMkA; AcArya "pUjyapAda, devanandI aura 'zAkaTAyana prabhRti vaiyAkaraNokA evaM banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa Adi hindI bhASA ke kaviyokA anveSaNAtmaka paricaya likhA hai / 122 sAskRtika itihAsakI dRSTise premIjIne tIrthakSetra, vaza, gotra Adike nAmokA vikAsa tathA vyutpatti, AcArazAstra ke niyamokA bhAgya eva vividha saskAro kA vizlepaNa gaveSaNAtmaka zailIme likhA hai / aneka rAjAoMkI vaMzAvalI, gotra, vaza-paramparA AdikA nirUpaNa bhI premIjIne eka zodhakarttA ke samAna kiyA hai| premIjIkI bhASA pravAhapUrNa aura sarala hai| choTe-choTe vAkyo aura dhvaniyukta zabdokai sundara prayogane inake gadyako sajIva aura rocaka banA diyA hai / zabdacayanameM bhAva vyaMjanAko adhika mahattva diyA hai| eka patrakAra aura zodhakake lie bhApAme jina guNoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve saba guNa inake gadyame pAye jAte haiM / inakI gadya lekhanazailI svaccha aura divya hai / durUise duruha tathyako bar3e hI rocaka aura spaSTa rUpama vyakta karanA premInakI svAbhAvika vizeSatA hai / aitihAsika nibandha lekhakome zrI jugalakizora mukhtArakA nAma bhI Adara se liyA jAtA hai| mukhtAra sAhava bhI jaina sAhityake anvepaNakarttAome agragaNya haiM, abataka Apake aitihAsika mahattvapUrNa nibandha lagabhaga 100, 150 nikala cuke haiM / kavi aura AcAryoMkI jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 472 / 2. kSatracUDAmaNi ( bhUmikA ) 1910 / 3. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 464 / 4. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 123 / 5, anekAnta 1931 / 6. jainasAhitya, aura itihAsa ( pR0 482 / 7. jainahitaiSI 1921 / jainahitaiSI 1916 / 9, banArasIvilAsa kI bhUmikA | 1. 6.

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nibandha-sAhitya paramparA, nivAsa-tthAna aura samaya nirNaya AdikI zodha karaneme ApakA advitIya sthAna hai| mukhtAra sAhavakai likhanekI zailI apanI hai| vaha kisI bhI tazyakA spaSTIkaraNa itanA adhika karate hai ki jisase eka sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI usa tathyako hRdayagama kara sakatA hai| Apane vidvatApUrNa prattAvanAoma jaina saskRti aura sAhityake apara adbhuta prakAza AlA hai| zrI pUjyapAda aura unakA samAdhitantra', bhagavAn mahAvIra aura' unakA samaya, pAtrakevArI aura vidyAnanda, kavirAjamallakA piMgala' aura rAjA-mAramalla, tiloyaNNAti aura yativRSabha, kundakunda aura yativRSabhame pUrvavartI kauna hai ? Adi nivandha mahattvapUrNa haiN| "purAtana jainavAkya" sUcIkI prastAvanA aitihAsika tathyoMkA bhANDAra hai| itihAsa-nirmAtA honeke sAtha-sAtha mukhtAra sAhaba saphala Alocaka bhI hai| ApakI AlocanAe~ saphala aura kharI hotI hai "granthaparIkSA" ApakA eka AlocanAtmaka vRhadAntha hai jo kaI bhAgome prakAzita huA hai| hindI gadyake vikAsameM mukhtAra sAhabakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / mukhtAra sAhavakI gayazailIkI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha eka hI viSayako bAra-bAra samajhAte calate haiN| isI kAraNa kucha loga unakI zailIma bhASAkI bahulatA aura vicArokI alpatAkA Aropa karate haiM; para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mukhtAra sAhaba likhate samaya saceSTa rahate haiM ki kahIM bhAvokI vyajanAmeM aspaSTatA na raha jAya, isI kAraNa yathAvasara viSayako adhika spaSTa eva vyApaka karaneko tatpara rahate hai| ApakI bhASA meM sAdhAraNa pracalita urdU zabda bhI A gaye hai| mukhtAra sAhaba bhASAke 1. jainasiddhAntamAskara bhAga pA~ca pRSTha / / 2, anekAnta varSa, pR. 2 / 3. bhanekAnta varSa 06-1. anekAnta varSa 4 pR. 303 / 5. varNI abhinandana anya pU0 323 /

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126 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana vIramArtaNDa-cAmuNDarAya, vAdImasiha', jainavIra vakayA, humuca, aura vahaoNkA sAtara rAjA jinadattarAya, taulavake jaina pAleyagAra, kArakalakA jaina mairarasa rAjavaza aura dAnacintAmaNi atimavve / ____ dakSiNa bhAratake rAjAoM, kaviyoM, tAlukedAye, AcAryoM aura dAnI zrAvakoMpara Apake kaI anveSaNAtmaka nivandha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| Apake gaveSaNAtmaka nibandhokI yaha vizeSatA hai ki Apa thoDese hI samajhAnekA prayAsa karate hai / vAkya mI suvyavasthita aura gambhIra hote hai / yadyapi tathyoMke nirUpaNameM aitihAsika koTiyo aura pramANokI kamI hai, to bhI hindI jaina sAhityake vikAsameM ApakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| prAyaH sabhI nibandhImeM zAnake sAtha vicArakA sAmaJjasya hai| zabdacayana, vAkyavinyAsa aura padAvaliyoMke sagaThaname satarkatA aura spaSTatAkA Apane pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| ___ zrI ayodhyAprasAda goyalIyake jaina-pUrvajokI vIratAkA smaraNa karAnevAle aitihAsika nivandha bhI jaina hindI sAhityame mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| goyalIyajIne jainavIroke caritrako bar3e hI jogakharozake sAtha citrita kiyA hai| inake nivandhoMko par3hakara muToMmeM bhI vIratA aMkurita ho sakatI hai, jIvitoMkI to bAta hI kyA ? zailIma camatkAra hai, kathanapaNAlI rUkhI na ho isalie Apane vyaga aura vinodakA bhI pUrA samAveza kiyA hai| ApakI bhApAme uchala-kUda hai| vaha cikoTI kATatI huI calatI hai| patra-patrikAoMme Apake aneka aitihAsika nivandha prakAzita haiN| 1. bhAskara bhAga 6 pR0229 / 2. bhAskara bhAga 7 pR.|| 3. bhAskara bhAga 12 ki.2 pR. 22 / 1. jaina siddhAntabhAskara bhAga 14 kiraNa pR013 / 5.bhAskara 17 kiraNa 2 pR0 88 / 6. dharNI abhinandana anya pR0243 17, jJAnodaya sitambara 1951 /

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nivandha-sAhitya rAjapUtAneke jenavIra, maurya sAmrAjya ke jainavIra, AryakAlIna bhArata Adi pustakAkAra saMkalita mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ hai / goyalIyajIkI ye racanAe~ navayuvakokA patha pradarzana karaneke lie upAdeya hai / 127 itihAsa aura purAtattvake vettA zrI DA0 hIrAlAla jaina anveSaNAtmaka aura dArzanika nibandha likhate hai| kaI granthokI bhUmikAeN Apane likhI haiM, jo itihAsake nirmANa meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| jaina itihAsakI pUrvapIThikA to zodhAtmaka apUrva vastu hai| isa choTI-sI racanAme gAgarame sAgara bhara denevAlI kahAvata caritArtha huI hai / ApakI racanAzailI praur3ha hai| usame dhArAvAhikatA pAI jAtI hai| bhASA suvyavasthita aura parimArjita hai| thor3e zabdoMma adhika kahanekI kalAme Apa adhika pravINa hai / mahAdhavala, dhavalasambandhI Apake paricayAtmaka nibandha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / zravaNabelagolake jaina zilAlekhAMkI prastAvanAme Apane aneka rAjAo, rAniyAM, batiyAM aura zrAvakoke gavepaNAtmaka paricaya likhe hai / muni zrI kAntisAgarake purAtattvAnvepaNAtmaka nibandhokA viziSTa sthAna hai| abataka Apane aneka sthAnoke purAtattvapara prakAza DAlA hai / prAcIna mUrtikalA aura vAstukalAkA mArmika vilepaNa Apake nibandhomaM vidyamAna hai / prAcIna jaina citrakalApara bhI Apake kaI nivandha "vizAla bhArata" me san 1947 meM prakAzita hue hai| prayAga sagrahAlayame jaina purAtattva ' tathA vindhyabhUmikA jainAzritazilpa sthApatya nibandha bar3e mahattvapUrNa hai| gailI vizuddha sAhityika hai / bhASA praur3ha aura parimArjita hai| abhI hAla hI me bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzIse prakAzita khaNDaharokA vaibhava, aura khojakI pagaDiyA~ itihAsa aura purAtattvakI dRSTise munijI ke nibandhokA mahattvapUrNa sakalana hai / 1. jJAnodaya sitambara 1949 aura akTUbara 1949 / 2. jJAnodaya sitambara 1950 aura disambara 1950 /

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana aitihAsika nibandha racayitAome pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA ema0 e0 sAhityAcAryakA bhI apanA sthAna hai| Apake nivandhoma anveSaNa eva puSTa aitihAsika pramANa vidyamAna hai / vipraya- pratipAdanakI zailI prauDha evaM gambhIra hai| abataka Apake sAskRtika aura aitihAsika aneka nibandha prakAzita ho cuke hai para gommaTezapratiSThApaka' aura kaliMgAdhipatikhAravela' nibandha mahattvapUrNa hai / ApakI bhASA bar3I hI parimArjita hai / puSTa cintana aura anveSaNako sarala aura spaSTarUpameM Apane abhivyakta kiyA hai / itihAsake zuSka tattvokA spaSTIkaraNa svaccha aura bodhagamya hai / 128 sabase adhika nivandha AcAra aura darzanapara likhe gaye hai / lagabhaga 30, 35 vidvAn uparyukta koTike nivandha likhate haiM / ina nivandhakI sakhyA do sahasrake Upara hai / yahA~ kucha zreSTha nivandhakAroMkI zailIkA paricaya diyA jAyagA / yadyapi ukta vipayake sabhI nivandha vicAra-pradhAna hai to bhI inameM varNanAtmakatA vidyamAna hai / AcArAtmaka aura dArzanika nibandha sAhitya dArzanika zailIke zreSTha nibandhakAra zrI pa0 sukhalAlanI saghavI hai| yogadarzana aura yogavizatikA, pramANamImAsA, jJAnavindukI prastAvanAse darzana aura itihAsa dono hI vivecanoMmeM ApakI tulanAtmaka vivecana padvatikA pUrA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / ApakI zailIme mananazIlatA, spaSTatA, tarkapaTutA aura bahuzrutAbhijJatA vidyamAna hai| darzanakai kaThina siddhAntoko bar3he hI sarala aura rocaka Dhagase Apa pratipAdita karate hai / Apake sAskRtika nibandhokA gadya bahuta hI vyavasthita hai / bhASAme pravAha hai aura abhivyajanAme camatkAra pAyA jAtA hai / thoDeme bahuta pratipAdanakI kSamatA Apake gadyameM hai / 1. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 13 kiraNa 1 pR0 1 / 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 16 kiraNa 1 - 2 |

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nibandha-sAhitya 129 zrI paM0 zItalaprasAdajI isa zatAbdIke una Adima dArzanika nivandhakArome haiM jo sAhityake lie pathapradarzaka kahalAte haiN| Apane apanI apratima pratibhA dvArA itanA adhika likhA hai ki jisake saMkalanamAtrase janasAhityakA pustakAlaya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI brahmacArIjI dRDha adhyavasAyI the / yahI kAraNa hai ki ApakI zailImeM abhyAsa aura adhyayanakA mela hai| brahmacArIjIne sIdhI-sAdI bhASAme apane puSTa vicAroko abhivyakta kiyA hai| darzana aura itihAsa donoM hI viSayopara darjanI pustake eva sahasro nibandha Apake prakAzita ho cuke haiN| aisA koI viSaya nahI jisapara Apane na likhA ho| bahumukhI pratimAkA upayoga sAhitya sRjanameM kiyA, para tuyogya sahayogI na milanese sundara cIjeM na nikala skii| ApakI tulanA maiM rAhulajIse karU~ to anucita na hogaa| rAhulajI ke samAna brahmacArIjI bhI mahIneme kamase kama eka pustaka avazya likha dete the| yadi ApakI pratimA AdhyAtmika upanyA kI ora mur3a jAtI to nizcaya jaina sAhitya Aja hindI sAhityame apanA viziSTa sthAna rkhtaa| zrI paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI dArzanika, AcArAtmaka aura aitihAsika nibandha likhanemeM siddhahasta haiN| ApakI nyAyakumudacandrodayakI prastAvanA jo ki dArzanika vikAsakramakA zana-mANDAra hai, jaina sAhityake lie sthAyI nidhi hai / Apake syAdvAda aura saptamagI', anekAntavAdakI vyApakatA aura cAritra', zabdanayaH, mahAvIra aura unakI vicAradhArA, dharma aura rAjanIti prabhRti nibandha mahatvapUrNa hai / "jainadharma to ziSTa aura sayata bhASAmeM likhI gaI advitIya pustaka hai| 1. jainadarzana varSa 2 aMka 4-5 pR0 42 / 2. jainadarzana navambara 1934 / 3. varNI abhinandana grantha pR09| 4. zrI mahAvIra smRti anya pR0 13 / 5. anekAnta varSa pR0600| 6. prakAzaka digambara jaina saMgha, mthuraa|

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana tattvArthasUtrapara dArzanika vivecana bhI rocaka aura jJAnavarddhaka hai| paNDitajIkI nivankaulI bahuta azomeM hindI sAhitya ke suprasiddha vidvAn zrI AcArya rAmacandra zulakI zailIse milatI-julatI hai| donoMkI zailIme gambhIratA, saralatA, anvepaNAtmaka cintana eva abhivyaJjanAkI spaSTatA samAna rUpase hai / antara itanA hI hai ki AcArya zuklane sAhitya aura AlocanA vipayapara likhA hai, jaba ki paNDitanIne eka dharma vizeSase sambaddha AcAra, darzana aura itihAsapara | zrI paM0 phUlacandanI siddhAntazAstrIkA bhI dArzanika nibandhakAro meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / Apane tattvArthasUtrakA vizada vivecana baDe hI sundara Dhagase kiyA hai / Apake phuTakara 50-60 mahattvapUrNa nibandha prakAzita ho cuke haiM | dArzanika nivandhoMke atirikta Apa sAmAjika nibandha bhI likhate hai / samAjakI ulajhI huI samasyAoko sulajhAne ke lie Apane aneka nibandha likhe haiM / jainadarzanake karmasiddhAnta vipayake to Apa marmajJa hI haiM; jJAnodayame karmasiddhAntapara Apake kaI nivandha Adhunika zailIma prakAzita hue haiN| zrI prophesara mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryake dArzanika nivandha bhI jaina sAhityakI sthAyI sampatti haiM / akalakagranthatrayakI prastAvanA, nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNakI prastAvanA, zrutasAgarI vRttikI prastAvanAke sivA Apake aneka phuTakara nivandha prakAzita hue haiM / ina nivandhoMme jainadarzanake maulika tatva aura siddhAntokA sundara vivecana vidyamAna hai| eka sAdhAraNa hindIkA jAnakAra bhI jainadarzanake gUDha tattvoko hRdayagama kara sakatA hai / Apake nivandha nigamanazailImeM likhe gaye hai / pradhaTTaka (Paragraph ) ke Arambha hI me samAsa yA sUtra rUpame siddhAntokA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / thoDeme adhika kahanekI pravRtti ApakI lekhanakalAme vidyamAna hai ! zrI paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha bhI dArzanika nivandhakAra haiN| 130

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nibandha-sAhitya Apake AcAra- viSayapara bhI aneka nivandha prakAzita hue hai / lekhanazailI sarala hai| abhivyaJjanA camatkArapUrNa hai| haoN, bhASAme jahA~-vahA~, : pravAha- gaithilya hai / 131 zrI paM0 10 dalasukha mAlavaNiyAke dArzanika nibandhone jainahindI sAhityasamRddhizAlI banAyA hai / Apake jainAgama, Agama yugakA anekAntavAda, jainadArzanika sAhityakA siMhAvalokana Adi nivandha mahattvapUrNa hai / ApakI lekhanazailI gambhIra hai| viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa samyak rUpase kiyA gayA hai / AlocanAtmaka dArzanika nibandhome kucha gambhIratA pAI jAtI hai / : 7 * zrI paM0 vaMzIdharajI vyAkaraNAcArya ladhapratiSTha dArzanika nivandhakAra hai / Apa sAmAjika samasyAopara bhI likhate hai / syAdavAda, naya, * pramANa, karmasiddhAntapara Apake kaI nibandha prakAzita ho cuke hai| Apake vAkya choTe ho yA baDe sabhI sambaddha vyAkaraNake anusAra aura spaSTa hote haiM / dArzanika nivandhoMkI bhASA gambhIra aura sayata hai / saralase sarala 'vAkyoM gabhIra vicAroMko rakha sake hai / udAra aura ucca-vicAra hone ke kAraNa sAmAjika nibandhoMmeM prAcIna rUr3ha paramparAoke prati anAsthAkI bhAvanA milatI hai / zrI paM0 darabArIlAla nyAyAcArya bhI dArzanika nibandha likhate hai / - nyAyadIpikAkI prastAvanA aura AptaparIkSAkI prastAvanA ke atirikta " anekAntavAda, dravyavyavasthA aura padArthavyavasthApara Apake kaI nibandha nikala cuke hai| ApakI zailI mukhtArI hai, zabdabAhulya, bhAvAtpatA : Apake nivandhoMmeM hai| haoN, viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa avazya pAyA jAtA hai / zailImeM pravAha guNakI bhI kamI hai / yaha prasannatAkA viSaya hai ki darabArIlAlajIkI zailI uttarottara vikasita ho rahI hai / Apake Arambhika ? nibandho meM bhASAcAhulya hai para varttamAna nibandhokI bhASA vyavasthita aura sayata hai|

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana zrI paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrIkA bhI dArzanika nibandhakAroMmeM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / Apane dravyasaMgrahakI vizeSa vRtti likhI hai, jisame aneka dArzanika pahaluoMpara prakAza DAlA hai / syAdvAda, tattva, candhavyavasthA, karmasiddhAnta prabhRti viSayoMpara Apake nibandha prakAzita hue haiN| anveSaNAtmaka aura bhaugolika nibandha bhI Apane likhe haiM / ApakI vipayavivecanazailI tarkapUrNa hai / yadyapi kahIM-kahIM bhASAmeM paDitAUpana hai to bhI saralatA, spaSTatA aura manoraMjakatAkI kamI nahIM hai / zrI paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI siddhAntazAstrIke dArzanika aura AcArAtmaka nibandha atyanta prasiddha haiM / Apake abataka lagabhaga 70-80 nibandha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| ApakI lekhanazailI sarala eva spaSTa hai / eka adhyApakake samAna Apa vipayako samajhAnekI pUrI ceA karate haiM / bhASA parimArjita aura saMyata hai / zuSka viSayako bhI rocaka Dhagase samajhAnA ApakI zailIkI vizeSatA hai / sAhityika nibandha likhane vAloMme zrI premIjI, bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI, zrI mUlacanda vatsala, paM0 pannAlAla vasaMta, paM0 sAhityika aura paramAnanda zAstrI, pro0 rAjakumAra ema0 e0, sAmAjika nirbaMdha sAhityAcArya, zrI jamanAlAla sAhityaratna, zrI RpamadAsa raoNkA, zrI bhagaracanda nAhaTA, zrI paM0 nAthUlAla sAhityarala prabhRti hai / zrI premIjIne kaviyoMkI jIvaniyA~ zodhAtmaka zailI meM likhI hai| ApakA "hindI jaina sAhityakA itihAsa" Ajataka pathapradarzaka banA huA hai| isame prAyaH sabhI pramukha kaviyokA jIvana-paricaya sakalita kiyA gayA hai| premIjIke hI pathapara zrI bAbU kAmatAprasAdanI bhI cale para unase eka kadama Age / Apane kucha vyavasthita rUpase do cAra navIna uddharaNa dekara tathA kucha navIna yuktiyoMke sAtha "hindI caina sAhityakA saMkSipta itihAsa" likhA / "manuSya truTiyokA kopa hai| ataH 132

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1 ! . nibandha-sAhitya 133 truTi raha jAnA mAnavatA hai / " isa yuktike anusAra Apake itihAsame kucha truTiyoM raha gaI hai jinakA katipaya samAlocakoMne asahiSNutA ke sAtha digdarzana karAyA hai / phalataH jaina hindI sAhitya ke itihAsapara Age anveSaNa karane kA sAhasa navIna lekhakoko nahI ho sakA / yadi ahammanya samAlocakoMkI aisI hI asahiSNutA rahI to sambhavataH abhI aura kucha dina taka yaha kSetra sUnA rahegA / yadyapi aise samAlocaka kharI samAlocanA karanekA dAvA karate hai para yaha dambha hai / isase navIna lekhakokA utsAha ThaNDhA par3a jAtA hai| zrI mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna aura bAbU zrI sUrajabhAna vakIla saphala nibandhakAra haiN| Apake nivandha rocaka aura jJAnavardhaka haiN| sAhityAnveSaNAtmaka aneka nivadha "vIravANI" meM prakAzita hue hai| jayapurake aneka kaviyopara zodhakArya zrI paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha tathA unakI ziSyamaMDalI kara rahI hai, jo jaina hindI sAhityake lie amUlya nidhi hai / zrI agaracanda nAhaTAne avataka tIna, cAra sau nibandha kaviyoke jIvana, rAjAzraya eva jainagranthoMke paricayapara likhe hai| zAyada hI jainaajaina aisI koI patrikA hogI jisameM ApakA koI nivandha prakAzita na huA ho| Apake kaI nibandhoMne to hindI sAhityakI kaI gutthiyoMko sulajhAyA hai| "pRthvIrAjarAso ke vivAdakA anta Apake mahattvapUrNa nibandha-dvArA hI huA hai| bIsaladevarAso aura khumAnarAsoke racanAkAla aura racayitA ke sambandhameM vivAda hai| AzA hai, hindI sAhitya ke itihAsalekhaka Apake nibandho dvArA taTastha hokara ina granthokI prAmANikatApara vicAra karegeM / zrImatI paM0 0 candAbAIjIne mahilopayogI sAhityakA sRjana kiyA hai / aneka nibandha saMgraha Apake prakAzita ho cuke haiM / lekhanazailI sarala hai, bhApA svaccha aura parimArjita hai /

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" hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana zrI bAbU lakSmIcandra ema0 e0 ne jJAnapIThase prakAzita pustakoMke sampAdakIya vaktavyoMme aneka sAhityika carcAopara prakAza DAlA hai / muktidUta aura varddhamAnake sampAdakIya vaktavya to mahattvapUrNa hai hI, para "vaidika sAhitya" kI prastAvanA eka navIna prakAzakI kiraNeM vikIrNa karatI haiN| ApakI zailI gammIra, puSTa, sayata aura vyavasthita hai| dhArAvAhika guNa pradhAna rUpase pAyA jAtA hai / zrI mUlacanda vatsala purAne sAhityakAroM meM hai| Apane prAcIna kaviyo para kaI nibandha likhe haiM / ApakI zailI sarala hai / bhASA sIdhI-sAdI hai / zrI paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, vIra sevA mandira sarasAvAne, apabhragake aneka kaviyopara zodhAtmaka nibandha likhe haiN| mahAkavi 'rahadhU' ke to Apa vizeSajJa haiM / ApakI zailI zabdabahulA hai, kahIM-kahIM bojhila mI mAlUma paDatI hai / zrI pro0 rAjakumAra sAhityAcAryane daulatarAma aura bhUdharadAsake padokA Adhunika vizleSaNa kiyA hai / Apake dvArA likhita madana-parAjaya kI prastAvanA kathA - sAhityake vikAsa krama aura marmako samajhaneke lie atyanta upAdeya hai / ApakI zailI puSTa aura gambhIra hai / pratyeka zabda apane sthAnapara bilkula phiTa hai / kavi hone ke kAraNa gadyameM kAvyatva A gayA hai / zrI paM0 pannAlAla vasanta sAhityAcArya ke aneka sAhityika nibandha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| Apane "AdipurANa" kI mahattvapUrNa prastAvanA likhI hai| jisameM saMskRta jaina sAhityake vikAsa kramakA baDA rocaka varNana kiyA hai| ApakI zailI parimArjita aura sarala hai / zrI jamanAlAla sAhityaratna' acche nivandhakAra hai| jaina jagatme Apake aneka sAhityika nibandha prakAzita hue haiN| zrI jyotiprasAda jaina ema0 e0, ela-ela0 vI0 ke bhI aitihAsika

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nivandha-sAhitya 135 aura sAhityika nivandha prakAzita hue hai / Apake nibandhoMme pUjyapAda sambandhI nivandha mahattvapUrNa hai| zailI zodhapUrNa hai| zrI paM0 balabhadra nyAyatIrtha ke sAmAjika aura sAhityika nivandha jaina sadezame prakAzita hote rahate haiN| ApakI bhASAmeM pravAha rahatA hai, eva gailIme vistaar| zrI rupamadAsa skAke aneka praur3ha nibandha sAmAjika aura sAhityika viSayopara prakAzita hue hai| ApakI zailI pravAhapUrNa hai, aura varNanameM sajIvatA hai| zrI natthUlAla zAstrI sAhityaratnake sAmAjika aura sAhityika nibandha jaina sAhityake lie gauravakI vastu hai| ApakA "jaina hindI sAhitya" nivandha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / ApakI zailIme rocakatA hai| zrI kastUracanda kAzalIvAlake zodhAtmaka nibandha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| ApakI zailI skSa honepara bhI pravAhapUrNa hai / viSayake spaSTIkaraNakI kSamatA ApakI bhASAme pUrNa rUpase vidyamAna hai| zrI pro. devendrakumAra, zrI vidyArthI narendra, zrI indra ema0 e0, zrI pRthvIrAja ema0 e0 Adi mI sulekhaka haiM / dArzanika nibandhakAme zrI raghuvIrazaraNa divAkara kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa hai | Apane aneka jIvana gutthiyoM ko sulajhAnekA prayatla kiyA hai| zrI pro. vimaladAsa ema0 e0 bhI acche nivandhakAra hai| Apake vivecanAtmaka kaI nivandha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| . sAmAjika, AcArAtmaka aura dArganika nivandhakAroMme paM0 parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha, 50 vaMzIdhara ghyAkaraNAcArya, paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI, zrI svatantra, zrI kApaDiyA Adi haiN| zrI paNDita ajitakumAra zAstrI nyAyatIrtha ne khaNDanamaNDanAtmaka paddhatipara kaI nivandha likhe haiN| ApakI zailI tarkapUrNa aura bhASA sayata hai| zrIdarabArIlAla sasyabhakta eka cintanazIla dArzanika aura sAhitya

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136 hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana kAra hai / ApakI racanAoMke dvArA kevala jaina sAhitya hI vRddhigata na huA, balki samagra hindI sAhityakA bhANDAra bar3hA hai| isa sambandhameM eka nAma vizeSarUpase ullekhanIya hai, zrIjainendra kumAra jainakA / zrIjainendranI uccakoTike upanyAsa, kahAnIkAra to hai hI, nibandhakArake rUpameM bhI ApakA sthAna bahuta U~cA hai| apane nibandho meM Apa bahuta sulajhe hue, cintaka ke rUpame upasthita hote haiM / isa samasta citana kI pArzvabhUmi Apako jaina darzanase prApta huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aneka prakArakI ulajhI huI, samasyAoMkA samAdhAna sIdhe rUpameM anekAntAtmaka sAmaJjasya dvArA saphalatApUrvaka karate haiM / inakI zailI ke sambandhameM yahI kahanA paryApta hogA ki inhoMne hindIko eka aisI nayI zailI dI hai, jise jainendrakI zailI hI kahA jAtA hai| AtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa AtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa bhI sAhityakI nidhi haiN| mAnava svabhAvataH utsuka, gupta aura rahasyapUrNa vArtokA jijJAsu evaM anukaraNazIla hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka vyakti dUsaroke jIvanacaritro, AtmakathAoM aura sasmaraNoko avagata karaneke lie sarvadA utsuka rahatA hai, vaha apane apUrNa jIvanako dUsaroMke jIvana- dvArA pUrNa banAnekI satata ceSTA karatA rahatA hai / jIvana caritroMkI satyatAme AzaMkA pAThakako nahIM hotI hai, vaha caritranAyakake prati svataH AkRSTa rahatA hai, ataH jIvanama udAtta bhAvanAoMko saralatApUrvaka grahaNa kara letA hai / mAnavatrI jijJAsA jIvana caritroMse tRpta hotI hai, jisase usakI sahAnubhUti aura sevAkA kSetra vikasita hotA hai / karttavyamArgako prApta karanekI preraNA milatI hai aura uccAdazako upalabdha karaneke lie nAnA prakArakI mahattvAkAMkSAe~ utpanna hotI haiM /

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maAtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa 137 jIvana-caritrose bhI adhika lAbhadAyaka Atmacaritra (Auto. biography ) hai / para jagabItI kahanA jitanA sarala hai, ApabItI kahanA utanA hI kaTina / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI bhI sAhityame Atma kathAmokI saMkhyA aura sAhityakI apekSA kama hotI hai| pratyeka vyaktimeM yaha naisargika saMkoca pAyA jAtA hai ki vaha apane jIvanake pRSTha sarvasAdhAraNake samakSa kholaneme hicakicAtA hai, kyoMki una pRSThoMke khulnepara usake samasta jIvanake acche yA bure kArya nagnarUpa dhAraNakara samasta janatAke samakSa upasthita ho jAte haiN| aura phira hotI hai unakI kaTu AlocanA / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMsArame bahuta kama vidvAn aise haiM jo usa AlocanAkI paravAha na kara apane jIvanakI DAyarI yathArtha rUpame nirbhaya aura nidhaDaka ho prastuta kara ske| hindI-jaina sAhityameM isa zatAbdIme zrIkSullaka gaNezaprasAdajI varNI aura zrIajitaprasAda jainane apanI-apanI AtmakathAe~ likhI hai| jIvana-caritra to 15-20 se bhI adhika nikala cuke haiN| sAhityakI dRSTise saMsmaraNoMkA mahattva bhI AtmakathAose kama nahIM hai, ye bhI mAnavakA samucita pathapradarzana karate hai| yaha aupanyAsika zailImeM likhI gayI AtmakathA hai| zrI kSullaka gaNezaprasAda varNIne isame apanA jIvanacaritra likhA hai| yaha itanI rocaka hai ki par3hanA Arambha karanepara ise adhUrA - koI bhI pAThaka nahIM chor3a skegaa| isake paDhanese yahI mAlama hotA hai ki lekhakane apane jIvanakI satya ghaTanAoko lekara AtmakathAke rUpame eka sundara upanyAsakI racanA kI hai| jIvanakI acchI yA burI ghaTanAoko pAThakoMke samakSa upasthita karaneme lekhakame tanika bhI hicakicAhaTa nahIM hai| nirbhayatA aura nissakocapUrvaka apanI bItI likhanA jarA Ter3hI khIra hai, para lekhakako isame pUrI saphalatA milI 1. prakAzaka : varNI-graMtha-mAlA 2238 vI, bhadainI, kaashii|

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28 hindI - jaina sAhitya- parizIlana hai| vastutaH pUjya vargIkI jItI-jAgatI yazogAthAse Aja kauna aparicita hogA ? isa 33 hAthake miTTIke putalekA vyaktitva Aja gajaba DhA rahA hai| samasta mAnavIya guNoMse vibhUSita isa mahAmAnavameM mUka paropakArakI abhivyaMjanA, sAdhanA aura tyAgakI abhivyakti evaM bahumukhI vidvattAkA sayoga jisa prakAra ho pAyA hai, zAyada hI anyatra mile| itanI sarala prakRti, gambhIra mudrA, Thosa jJAna, aTala zraddhAnAdi guNoMke dvArA loga sahana hI inake bhakta bana jAte haiN| jo bhI inake samparka meM AyA vaha antaraMgameM mAyAzUnyatA, satyaniSThA, prakANDa pANDitya, vinAke sAtha caritra, prabhAvaka vANI, pariNAmoMmeM anupama zAnti evaM Atmika aura zArIrika vizuddhatA Adi guNarAzcise prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhaa| isake atirikta ajJAnatimirAndha jainasamAnakA jJAnalocana unmIlita karake lokottara upakAra karanekA zreya yadi kisIko hai to zraddheya vaNajI ko / pRjya varNojIkA jIvana jainasamAnake lie sacamuca meM eka sUrya hai / ve mumukSu haiM, sAdhaka haiM aura hai svyNvRddh| unhoMne apanI AtmakathA likhakara jainasamAnakA hI nahIM, apitu mAnavasamAjakA bar3A upakAraM kiyA hai / adhyayanakI lAlamA pUjya vargIjImeM kitanI thI, yaha unakI AtmakathAse spaSTa hai / unhoMne jayapura, mathurA, khuranA, kAzI, cakautI ( darabhaMgA jilA ) aura navadvIpa Adi aneka sthAnoMkI nyAyacA par3haneke lie khAka chAnI / jahA~ bhI nyAyazAntrake vidvAnakA nAma nunA, Apa vahIM pahu~ce tathA zraddhA aura maktike sAtha use apanA guru bnaayaa| AtmakathAke lekhaka pUjya varNAjIne apane jIvana kI samasta ghaTanAoMkA yathArtha rUpameM akana kiyA hai| kAzIke tyAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya meM nava adhyayana karate the, usa samayakA eka udAharaNa dekhiye una dinoM vidyAlaya ke adhiSThAtA ( priMsipala ) the bAbA bhAgIrathanI varNI / nyAyako uccakakSA ke vidyArthI honeke kAraNa Apa unake mu~halage

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AtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa 139 the| eka zAmako jaba vAbAjI sAmAyika ( Atmacintana ) kara rahe the, usa samaya Apa cAra-paoNca sAthiyoke sAtha gagApAra rAmanagara rAmalIlA dekhaneko cale gye| jaba nAva bIca gagAme pahuMcI to havAke tIvra jhokose DagamagAne lagI aura 'aba DUbI, taba ibI' kI usakI sthiti A gayI / vidyAlayakI chatapara khaDe adhiSThAtAjI sArA dRzya dekha rahe the| vidyArthiyoMkI nAvako gagAme DUbate dekha unake prANa sUkhane lage aura unakI maGgalakAmanAke lie bhagavAnse prArthanA karane lge| puNyodayase kisI prakAra naukA baca gayI aura sabhI vidyArthI rAmalIlA dekhakara rAtako 10 baje lauTe | sabake lIDara AtmakathA-lekhaka hI the| Ate hI adhiSThAtAjIne Apako bulAyA aura binA AjJAke rAmalIlA dekhaneke aparAdhame Apako vidyAlayase pRthak kara diyaa| sAtha hI vidyAlaya-mantrIko, jo ArAme rahate the, patra likha diyA ki gaNezaprasAda vidyArthIko uddaNDatAke aparAdhame pRthak kiyA jAtA hai / jaba patra lekara caparAsI choDaneko calA to Apane caparAsIko do rupaye dekara vaha patra le liyA aura vidyAlayase jAneke pahale Apane eka bAra samAme bhASaNa denekI anumati maaNgii| sabhAme nirbhIkatApUrvaka Apane samasta paristhitiyokA citraNa karate hue mArmika bhApaNa diyA / Apake bhASaNako sunakara adhiSThAtAjI bhI pighala gaye aura Apako kSamAkara diyA / isa prakAra AtmakathA-lekhakane apane jIvanakI choTI-baDI sabhI cAtoko spaSTa rUpase likhA hai| ghaTanAe~ itane kalAtmaka Dhagase saboyI gayI haiM, jisase pAThaka tallIna hue vinA nahIM raha sakatA / bhASA itanI sarala aura sundara hai ki thor3A paDhA likhA manuSya bhI rasamagna ho sakatA hai| choTe-choTe vAkyomeM apUrva mAdhurya bharA hai| __ Ajake samAjakA citraNa bhI Apane apUrva Dhagase kiyA hai| Aja kisa prakAra dhanika manuSya apane paisese saikar3oM pApoMko chupA lete haiM, para eka nirdhanakA eka suIkI nokake barAbara bhI pApa nahIM chipA chipatA /

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana use apane pApakA phala samAja-vahiSkAra yA anya prakArakA daNDa sahanA hI par3atA hai / isakA Apane kitane sundara zabdoMme varNana kiyA hai-- "pApa cAhe bar3A manuSya kare yA choTA / pApa to pApa hI rahegA, usakA daNDa una donoMko samAna hI milanA caahiye| aisA na honese hI saMsArameM Aja paMcAyatI sattAkA lopa ho gayA hai| bar3e AdamI cAhe jo kareM unake dopako chipAne kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai aura g2arIboMko pUrA daNDa diyA jAtA hai "yaha kyA nyAya hai ? dekho bar3A vahI kahalAtA hai, jo samadarzI ho / sUryakI rozanI cAhe daridra ho cAhe amIra donoMke varaoNpara samAna rUpase paDatI hai / " 140 isa AtmakathAkI eka sabase vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki isameM jaina samAjakA sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika aura zikSA vikAsakA itihAsa mila jAyagA | kyoki varNAjI vyakti nahIM, saMsthA hai / unake sAtha aneka saMsthAe~ sambaddha haiM / jJAna pracAra aura prasAra karanemeM thApane aTUTa parizrama kiyA hai / bhAratake eka konese dUsare kone taka vihArakara jaina samAjako -jAgRta kiyA hai / zrI vyatiprasAda jaina ema0 e0 kI yaha AtmakathA hai / isa AtmakathAkA nAma hI aupanyAsika DhaMgakA hai aura ekAeka pAThakako apanI ora AkRSTa karanevAlA hai / ghaTanAe~ eka dUsarese ajJAta jIvana' vilkula sambaddha haiM; vAlyakAla se lekara vRddhAvasthAtakakI ghaTanAoMko motIkI lar3Ike samAna pirokara ise pAThakoMkA kaNTahAra -canAnekA lekhakane pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai| rocakatA aura saralatA guNa pUre rUpameM vidyamAna haiN| yadyapi lekhakane AtmakathAkA nAma ajJAta jIvana rakhA hai, kintu lekhakakA jIvana samAjame ajJAta nahIM hai / samAjase sammAna aura Adara prayAga | 1. prakAzaka : rAyasAhaba rAmadayAla agaravAlA,

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AtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa prAsa karanepara bhI vaha apaneko ajJAta hI rakhanA adhika pasanda karatA hai, yahI usakI sabanatAkI sabase bar3I pahicAna hai| isa AtmakathAmeM sAmAjika kurItiyokA pUrA vivaraNa milatA hai / bhASA saMyata, sarala aura parimArjita hai agrejI aura urdUka pracalita zabdoko bhI yathAsthAna rakhA gayA hai| jIvanacaritroMmeM seTha mANikacanda, seTha hukamacanda, kumAra devendraprasAda, zrI bA0 jyotiprasAda, 70 zItalaprasAda, 70 pa0 candAbAI, zrI maganabAI evaM zvetAmbara aneka yati-muniyoke jIvana caritra pradhAna haiN| ina caritroM se kaI eka to nizcaya hI sAhityakI dRSTise mahattvapUrNa haiN| pAThaka ina jIvana-caritrose aneka bAte grahaNa kara sakate haiN| isa zreSTha aura rocaka pustakake sampAdaka zrI ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya haiN| Apane isame jaina samAjake pramukha sevaka 37 vyaktiyoke saMsmaraNa sakanaina jAgaraNake hita kiye hai| adhikAza sasmaraNoke lekhaka bhI Apa ' hI haiM / yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki mahAn vyaktiyoke agradUta' ' puNya saMsmaraNa jIvanakI sUnI aura nIrasa ghar3iyoMme madhu gholakara unhe sarasa banA dete haiN| mAnava-hRdaya, jo satata vINAke samAna madhura bhAvanAokI jhaMkArase jhakRta hotA rahatA hai, puNya smaraNose pUta ho jAtA hai| usakI amaryAdita abhilASAe~ niyantrita hokara jIvanako tIvratAke sAtha Age bar3hAtI haiM / phlataH mahAn vyaktiyoM ke sasmaraNa jIvana kI dhArAko gambhIra garjana karate hue sAgarame vilIna nahIM karAte, balki hare-bhare kagAroMkI zobhAkA Ananda lete hue use madhumatI bhUmikAkA parza karAte haiM, jahA~ koI bhI vyakti vitarka buddhikA parityAgakara rasamagna ho jAtA hai aura parapratyakSakA alpakAlika anubhava karane lagatA hai| prastuta sakalaname aise hI anukaraNIya vyaktiyoke sasmaraNa hai| ye 2, prakAzaka : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii|

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485 hindI -jaina sAhitya - parizIlana sabhI apane divya Alokase jIvana- timirako vicchinna karanemeM sakSama hai| pratyeka mahAn vyaktikA antaraMga aura bahiraMga vyaktitva jIvanako preraNA aura sphUrti detA hai| samasta pramukha vyaktiyoMko cAra bhAgo meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama bhAga tyAga aura sAdhanAke divya pradIpokI amarajyoti se Alokita hai / ye divya dIpa hai 0 zItalaprasAda, bAbA bhAgIratha varNI, AtmArthI kAnajI mahArAja, vra0 pa0 candrAvAI aura bhUA ( cairisTara campatarAyajIkI bahana ) / ina divya dIpama taila aura vattikA sajonevAle zrI goyalIyake atirikta anya lekhaka bhI hai| ina sabakI zailI meM apUrva pravAha, mAdhurya aura joza hai| bhASAme itanI dhArAvAhikatA hai ki pAThaka par3hanA Arambha karanepara anta kiye binA nahI raha sakatA / dUsarA bhAga tattvajJAna ke Aloka-stambhose zobhita hai / ye Aloka stambha hai- guru gopAladAsa varaiyA, paM0 umarAvasiha, pa0 pannAlAla cAkalIvAla, paM0 RpramadAsa, paM0 mahAvIraprasAda, pa0 aradAsa, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra aura paM0 nAthUrAma premI / isa stambhake lekhakrome zrI goyalIyake atirikta zrI kSullaka gaNezaprasAda varNI, zrI jainendrakumAra, zrI pa0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, zrI paM0 sukhalAlanI saMghavI, zrI paM0 nAthUrAma 'premI' aura zrI kanhaiyAlAla mizra prabhAkara Adi pramukha hai| ina sabhI saMsmaraNoMma rocakatA itanI adhika hai ki gUgeke gur3akeM svADhakI taraha usakI anubhUti pAThaka hI kara sakege / bhASAmeM ona, mAvurya aura pravAha hai| zailI atyanta saMvata aura prauDha hai| tIsare bhAgame ve amara samAna - sevaka haiM, jinhoMne samAjamaM navacetanAkA prakAza phailAyA hai| ye hai-vAyU sUrajabhAnu vakIla, bAbU dayAcanda govalIya, kumAra devendraprasAda, vairisTara lugamandiralAla jainI, arjunalAla

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AtmakathA, jIvanacaritra aura saMsmaraNa 143 -seThI, bairisTara campatarAya, bAbU jyotiprasAda, bAbU sumeracanda eDavokeTa, bAbU ajitaprasAda vakIla, bAbU sUrajamala aura mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna / isa stambhake lekhaka zrI nAthUrAma premI, zrI kanhaiyAlAla mizra prabhAkara, zrI mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna, zrI mAIdayAla, zrI gulAbarAya ema. e, zrI ajitaprasAda ema. e., zrI banavArIlAla syAdvAdI, zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina, zrI kauzalaprasAda jaina, zrI daulatarAma mitra, zrI jainendrakumAra aura zrI goyalIya haiM / prayAgame jaise triveNIke sagamasthala - para gaMgA, yamunA aura sarasvatIkI dhArAe~ pRthak-pRthak hotI huI bhI eka hai, ThIka usI prakAra yahA~ bhI sabhI lekhakokI minna-bhinna zailIkA AsvAdana bhinna-bhinna rUpase honepara bhI pravAha - aikya hai / isa stambhake sasmaraNoM ko par3hanese mujhe aisA mAlUma par3A, jaise koI bhagavAnkA bhakta kisI ThAkura dvArIpara khar3A ho paJcAmRtakA rasAsvAdana kara rahA ho / caturtha bhAga zraddhA aura samRddhike jyoti ratnose jagamagA rahA hai / ve ratna haiM-rAjA harasukharAya, seTha suganacanda, rAjA lakSmaNadAsa, seTha mANikacanda, mahilArata maganabAI, seTha devakumAra, seTa jambUprasAda, seTha mathurAdAsa, sara motIsAgara, rA0va0 jugamandiradAsa, rA0 ba0 sultAnasiha aura sara seTha hukumacanda | isa stambhake lekhaka nAthUrAma premI, paM0 haranAtha dvivedI, zrI kanhaiyAlAla mizra prabhAkara, zrI tanmaya bukhAriyA, zrImatI kunthukumArI jaina bI0 e0 (oNnarsa), zrI hIrAlAla kAzalIvAla aura zrI goyalIya hai / sacamuca me yaha sakalana bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina samAjakA jItAjAgatA eka citra hai / samasta pustakakai sasmaraNa rocaka, prabhAvaka aura zikSAprada hai / isa saMgrahake saMsmaraNoMko par3hate samaya aneka tIrthoM meM snAna karanekA avasara prApta hogA / kahI rAjagRhake garmajalake jharanomeM avagAhana karanA paDegA, to kahI vahA~ke samazItoSNa brahmakuNDake jalame, to kahIM pAsa hI ke suzItala jalake jharaneme nimajana karanA hogaa| Apako

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana gaMgAjala ke sAtha samudrakA khArA udaka bhI pAna kasneko milegA, para vizvAsa rakhiye, svAda bigar3ane na pAyegA / zatAza bhI kathA-sAhitya isa prakAra hindI jaina sAhityakA gadya bhAga nATaka, upanyAsa, kahAniyA~, nibandha, saMsmaraNa, AtmakathA, gadyakAvya Adike dvArA dinoMdina khUba pallavita aura puSpita ho rahA hai| jaina lekhakoMkA jitanA dhyAna nibandha racanAkI ora hai, yadi usakA yA gadyagItoMkI ora calA jAya to nizcaya hI hindI jaina gadya sAhitya apane Aloka se samagra hindI sAhityako jagamagA de | navIna lekhakoko isa ora avazya dhyAna denA caahie| jaina kathAo dvArA sundara aura rocaka gadya-padyame kAvya likhe jA sakate haiN| vdkh isake atirikta sasmaraNa, jIvana-citra tathA vibhinna viSayoMke nibandhoke saMkalana bhI abhinandana-granthoMke nAmase prakAzita hue haiN| iname nimna grantha prasiddha hai / (1) zrI premI - abhinandana grantha / (2) zrI varNI - abhinandana grantha (3) zrI . paM0 candAbAI abhinandana grantha / (4) zrI hukamacanda abhinandana grantha / (5) zrI AcArya zAntisAgara zraddhAJjali grantha /

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dazavA~ adhyAya hindI-jaina sAhityakA zAstrIya pakSa hindI-jaina sAhityake vibhinna aga aura pratyagokA paricaya prApta kara leneke anantara isa sAhityakA zAstrIya dRSTise yatkiJcit anuzIlana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / ataH zAstrIya dRSTikoNase vivecana karanepara hI isakI aneka vizeSatAe~ jJAta kI jA skegii| __isa abhISTa dRSTikoNake anusAra bhApA, chanda, alaMkAra yojanA, prakRticitraNa, saundaryAnubhUti, rasavidhAna, pratIkayojanA aura rahasyavAdakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAyagA / sarvaprathama jaina sAhityakI bhASAkA vicAra karanA hai ki isa sAhityameM prayukta bhASA kaisI hai, isame zAstrIya dRSTi se kauna-kauna vizeSatAe~ vidyamAna haiM / bhAvoM aura vicArokI abhivyaJjanA bhApAke binA asambhava hai| hindI-jaina kAvyoMkA bhASAkI dRSTise bar3A hI mahattva hai| apabhraMza aura purAnI hindIse hI Adhunika sAhityikabhASAkA janma huA hai| _ jaina lekhaka Arambhase hI bhASAkai rUpako sajAne aura pariSkRta banAneme salagna rahe haiN| sarasa, komala, madhura aura majula zabda subodha, sArthaka aura svAbhAvika rUpame prayukta hue haiN| zabdayojanA, vAkyAzokA prayoga, vAkyokI banAvaTa aura bhASAkI lAkSaNikatA yA dhvanyAtmakatA vicAraNIya hai| apabhraza bhASAke kAryoMme bhASAkA vikAsonmukha rUpa dikhalAyI par3atA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhASA lokabhASAkI ora tejIse gamana kara rahI hai / pAThaka dekheMge ki nimnapadameM komala aura paruSa bhAvanAoMkI bhASA

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386 hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana abhivyakti ke sAtha bhApAse kitanI bhAvapravaNatA hai / prepaNIyatattvakI para kaviko kitanI hai, yaha sahajama hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| Dhaha-suheNa / sAvaleTa | to gahiya candanhAsA uheNa / hakkArita lakkhaNu laDDu paharUpaharU kiM karahi kheTha / tuhu ekke cakke mahu padda puNu Arya kavaNu gaNNu / kiM sIha (hi) hoi sahAu aNNu / taM visurNevi biphphuriyAhareNa / melliTa rahanu lacchIhareNa / -svayambhU rAmAyaNa 75/22 zrIrAhulanIne isakA hindImeM anuvAda yo kiyA hai- to gahiya candrahAsAyudhehiM / ikkAreTa lakSmaNa dazamukhehiM / le graharu praharukA karahi kSepa / tuha eko dhakko sAvalepa | mamateM puni Ahi kavana gaNya | kA siMhaha hoi svabhAva any| so suniyA visphuritA dharehiM mekhaMDe yAMga lakSmIdharehiM // bhASAko zaktizAlI banAneke lie kavi puSpadantane samAsAnta pakA prayoga atyadhika kiyA hai| nimna udAharaNa darzanIya hai cipa-kAliMTi-kAla-pAtra -jalahara-pihiya-mahaMtarAlao / 'dhuma-gaya-nANDa-maNDaluDa DhAviya-cala-macAri melabho / avirala-susala-kharisa-ciradhArA-cArisa bharaMva-bhUmalo / haya-naviyara-payAva- pasaruggaya karU vaNa-gIla-halo || - mAdipurANa (29-30) isakI hindI chAyAvi-kAliMdI-kAla- navajaladharachAdita nabhaMtarAlamA / ghutAnagaMDha-maMDala DaDDAviya cala-sattA-limelamA / avirala - musala - saddaza thira dhArA varSa bharata-bhUtalA / hRta-ravikara pratApa zrasara udgata taka nIla zAhalA //

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hindI-jaina sAhityakA zAstrIya pakSa 17 12 vI gatIke kavi vinayacandra sUrikI apabhraza bhApAme apUrva miThAsa hai / bhApAkI svaralaharImeM vizvakA sagIta gUMjatA hai| bhAvaprakAzana kitanA anUThA hai, yaha nimnapadase spaSTa hai nemikamaru sumaravi giranAri / siddhI rAjala kana-kumAri / zrAvaNi sakhaNi kaMduya mehu / gajai virahini zinhai dehu / vijja jhavakAi rakkhasi jeva / nemihi viNu sahi sahiyai kem| sakhI bhaNai sAmiNi mana hari / dujana taNA meM vaMciti puuri| gayara nemi taTa viNaThau kAi / bhachaha anerA baraha sayAi / -prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha paravatI jainakaviyoma bhApAkI dRSTise kavi banArasIdAsakA sarvotkRSTa sthAna hai| ApakI bhApA manorama honeke sAtha, kitanI prabhAvotpAdaka hai, yaha nimna padmase spaSTa hai / sagItakI avatAraNA sthAna-sthAnapara vidyamAna hai| pragasta hone ke sAtha bhApAme komalakAntatA aura pravahamAnatA bhI antanihita hai| bhApAkI loca-lacaka aura hRdayadrAvakatA to nimna padyakA vizeSa guNa hai| kAja vinA na karai niya udyama, lAna binA rana mAhiM na juum| DIla vinA na sadhai paramAratha, zIla vinA savasauM na bharU nema vinA na lahai nihacaipada, prema vinA rasa rIti na cuusai| dhyAna binA na thamai mana kI gati, jJAna vinA zivapaMtha na suujhai|| vAstavame kavi banArasIdAsa bhApAke bahuta baDe pArakhI hai| inake sundara varNa-vinyAsame komalatA kilakAriyA~ bharatI hai, rasa chalakatA hai aura mAdhurya bAhara nikalane ke lie vAtAyanameMse jhaoNkatA hai| nAda saundaryake sAdhana chanda, tuka, gati, yati aura layakA jitanA sundara santulita samanvaya inakI mASAmeM hai, anyatra vaisA kaThinAIse milegaa| nimna padyame saMgIta kevala mukharita hI nahIM huA, balki svara aura tAlake sAtha mUrtarUpameM upasthita hai|

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148 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana karama bharama jaga timira harana khaga, uraga lakhana paga zivamaga darasi / nirakhata nayana bhavika jala barakhata, harakhata amita bhavika jana sarasi // madana kadana jina parama dharama hita, sumirata bhagata bhagata sava harasi / sajala jalada tana mukuTa sapata phala, kamaTha dalana jina namata banarasi / ___ upayukta padyame samasta hrasvavarNoMne rasa aura mAdhuryakI varSA karaneme kucha uThA nahI rakhA hai| isakI sarasatA, vizadatA, madhuratA aura sukumAratA aisA vAtAvaraNa upasthita kara detI hai, jisase vyAmavarNake pArzvaprabhukI kamanIyatA, mahattA aura prabhutA bhaktaka hRdayame santoSa aura zIlatAkA sacAra kiye binA nahIM raha sktii| zabdokI madhurimAkA kavi vanArasIdAsako acchA parijJAna thA / vastutaH hrasva vaNoMmeM jitanI komalatA aura kamanIyatA hotI hai, utanI dIrgha varNoMmeM nahIM / isI kAraNa kavi agale padyame bhI laghusvarAnta akSaroko prayoga karatA huA kahatA hai sakala karamakhala dalata, kamaTha saTha pavana kanaka ng| dhavala paramapada ramana jagata jana amala kamala khaga // paramata jaladhara pavana, sajala ghana sama tana samakara / para aba rajahara jalada, sakala jana nata bhava bhaya hr| yama dalana naraka pada chaya karana, agama ataTa bhavajala tarana / para savala madana bana hara dahana, jaya jaya parama abhaya karana // isa chappayame kavine mApAkI jisa kArIgarIkA paricaya diyA hai, vaha advitIya hai / jisa prakAra kuzala zilpI chainI aura hathaur3e dvArA apane bhAvoMko pApANa-khaNDome utkIrNa karatA hai, usI prakAra kavine apanI zabda-sAdhanA dvArA komalAnubhUtiko aMkita kiyA hai| kavine bhASAko bhAva-pravaNa banAneke lie kathopakathanAtmaka zailI kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / saMsArI jIvako sambodhana kara vArtAlApa karatA huA kavi kisa prakAra samajhAtA hai, yaha nimnapadyase spaSTa hai

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159 hindI-jaina sAhityakA zAstrIya pakSa bhaiyA jagavAsI, tU udAsa baiMkai jagatasauM eka chai mahInA upadeza mero mAnu re| aura saMkalapa vikalpake vikAra taji baiThike ekatta mana eka aura bhAnu re // terau ghaTa sara tAmaiM tU hI hai kamala vAko tU hI madhukara hai suvAsa pahicAnu re| prApati na hai hai kachU aisau va vicArata hai, sahI hai hai prApati sarUpa yau hI jAnu re| zabdoko tor3e-maror3e binA hI bhAva ko bhItara taka pahuMcAnekA kavine pUrA yatna kiyA hai / kavi vanArasIdAsake sivA maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, spacanda, bhUdharadAsa, budhajana, dyAnatarAya, daulatarAma aura vRndAvanakA bhI bhASAkI parakhame vizeSa sthAna hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakI bhASA to aura bhI prAJjala, dhArAvAhika aura prasAdaguNase yukta hai| bhASAko bhAvAnukUla canAnekA inheM pUrA marma zAta thA, isI kAraNa inake kAvyame viSayoM ke anusAra mASA gambhIra aura sahaja hotI gayI hai| nimna padyame mApAkI svacchatA darzanIya hai navate apano jI Apu lakhyo, tabateM ju miTI duvidhA mana kii| yo zItala citta bhayo tabahI saba, chA~da daI mamatA tana kii| cintAmaNi jaba praganyau ghara meM, taba kauna ju cAha karai dhana kii| no siddhameM ApameM phera na jAnai so, kyoM paravAha karai jana kI // 'miTI duvidhA manakI' aura 'chAr3a daI mamatA tanakI' ina vAkyoma kavine mApAkI madhurimAke sAtha jisa bhAvako vyakta kiyA hai, vaha vAstavameM bhASAkai pUrNa pANDityake vinA saMbhava nahIM / ina vAkyoMkA gaThana bhI itanI kuzalatA aura sUkSmatAse kiyA hai, jisase bhAvAbhivyaJjaname cAra cA~da laga gaye hai| vAstavamai inake kAvyame bhAvake sAtha bhASA bhI

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15. hindI-jaina sAhitya parizIlana kucha kahatI-sI jAna par3atI hai| nAvizeSa saundaryake sAtha mAdhurya mI agAhita karanemeM sakSama hai kevalarUpa virAsata catana, tAhi viloki ara matavAra / kAla anAdi vitarIta bhayo, bhAvaha tohi cetana hota kahAre // bhUli gayo gatiko phiralo, ava tI dina cyAri bhaye gare / lAgi kahA rahyo anike saMga, cetata kyoM nahiM catanahAre / isa padya 'dina yAri bhaye aharAre kA dhvanyartha kAvya-rasika lie kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| ataH saMkSepameM vahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakI mANameM vogAlikA zaktikI anyA rAgAmikA nirvA pravaktA hai; para inakA rAga sAMsArika nahIM, Atmika anurakti hai| kavi bhUgharadAsane nApAko sanAne, savAla aura camkIlA banAne apanI pUrNa paTutA pradarzita kI hai| inakI mAtrA mAraNAne sAya manoraMjakatA mI hai| inake nAnyameM kahIM prasAda mAdhurya hai to kaI ona mAdhurva / mAvAko tItara banAne lie nATakIya mANazailIza prayoga bhI avi varadAune liga hai| AtmAnubhUtiko abhivandanA ina zailImeM kisa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai, yaha nimna paDale sara hai-- joI dina sAI AyumeM avasi ghada, vRddha vRddha bIta aM anjulA bala hai| deha nita lIna hota nana tena hAna hota, khAMbana malIna hota chIna hAta bala hai| Arya narA nerI taka antaka aherI Aya, paramI nIka jAna naramI vikala hai / milakai nilApI bana pUchana la merI, aisI dazA mAhI mitra kAhe kI sAla hai|

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hindI-jaina sAhityakA zAstrIya pakSa 153 isa padyameM 'aisI dazA mAhI mitra kAhe kI kuzala hai' me sambodhanapara jora dekara bhASAko bhAvapravaNa vanAnemeM kavine kucha uThA na rakhA hai| budhajana kavikI bhApAme bhI camakIlApana pAyA jAtA hai "dharma vina koI nahIM apanA, saba sampati dhana thira nahiM jagame, jisA raina sapanA" me bhASAkA svaccha aura svastharUpa hai| ____ kavi daulatarAmane sagItakI avatAraNA karate hue bhApAke Abhyantarika aura vAhyarUpako saMvAranekI pUrI ceSTA kI hai| kahIM-kahI to bhASA paraiDa karate hue sainikoke samAna cahalakadamI karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| nimnapada darzanIya hai chA~data kyoM nahiM re nara, rIti ayAnI / vAramvAra sikha deva suguru yaha, de AnAkAnI / viSaya na tanata na bhajata bodha vrata, dukha-sukha jAti na jaanii| zarma cahai na lahai zaTha jyA, ghRta deta bilovata paanii|| chAData kyoM nahi re nara, rIti ayaanii| jaina kaviyokI sAmAjika padAvaliyA saMgItake upakUlome baeNdhakara kitanI vegavatI huI hai, yaha uparyukta padase spaSTa hai| apUrva zabdalAlitya, navIna antaHsagIta aura bhAvAbhivyaktikI nUtana zakti jaina kaviyoMkI bhASAme vidyamAna hai| nimna paktiyome tatsama zabdone mApAme kitanI miThAsa aura lacaka utpanna kI hai, yaha darzanIya hai navala dhabala pala sohaiM kalamaiM, kSudha tRpa vyAdhi darI / halata na palaka alaka nakha baDhata na, gati nabhamAhi krii|| dhyAnapAna pAni gahi nAzI tresaTha prakRti bhrii| jA-bina zarana bharana jara ghara ghara mahA asAta bhrii| daula tAsa pada dAsa hota hai, vaas-muktingrii| dhyAnapAna pAni gahi nAzI, vesaTha prakRti mrii|

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hindI jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana jainakaviyokI varNa- sAdhanA bhI advitIya hai / ca ta na ra la va Adi komala varNoMkI AvRttine kAvyameM sagIta - saundarya utpanna karaneme baDI sahAyatA pradAna kI hai| ina varNoMke uccAraNase zruti madhuratA utpanna hotI hai| rI, re Adi sambodhanokI AvRttine to bhASAkA rUpa aura bhI nikhAra diyA hai | zabdacitra pAThakoke samakSa eka sAkAra mUrti prastuta karate haiN| nimna padyameM 'ca' kI AvRtti darzanIya hai 152 citavata vadana amala candropama taja cintA cita hoya akAmI / tribhuvanacaMda pApa tapa candana, namata carana candrAdika nAmI // tihu~ jaga chaI candrikA kIrati cihna candra ciMtata zivagAmI / candau catura-cakora candramA candravarana candraprabha svAmI // zabdasAdhanA aura zabda yojanA bhI jaina kaviyokI anUThI huI hai / sahAnubhUti, anurAga, virAga, IrSyA, ghRNA Adi bhAvanAoko tIvra yA tIvratara banAneme zabda cayana aura zabdayojanAkA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / pratyeka zabdame isa prakArakI lahare vidyamAna haiM, jinase pAThakakA hRdaya spandita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / ataH pAThaka dekheMge ki kavi bhagavatIdAsane bhAva aura viSayake anukUla bhApAke para-parivartanameM kitanI kuzalatA pradarzita kI hai acetanakI deharI, na kIje yAsoM neha rI, ye augunakI meharI marama dukha bharI hai / ' grAhIke saneharI na Avai karma cheharI, supAve duHkha teharI je yAkI prIti karI hai / anAdi lagI jeharI ju dekhata hI kheharI, tU yAmeM kahA leharI kuroganakI darI hai| 1 kAmagaja keharI, surAga dveSa keharI, tU yAmeM haga deharI jo miSyA mati darI hai /

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hindI - jaina sAhityakA zAstrIya pakSa 153 uparyukta padyame 'rI' kI AvRtti pravAhame tIvratA pradAna kara rahI hai| mAnavIya bhUlokA pariNAma kavi aguli -nirdeza dvArA batalA rahA hai / lambI kavitAo meM ekarasatA dUra karaneke lie chandaparivartanake sAtha pada yA akSarAvRtti bhI kI gayI hai / layame parivartana hote hI mAnasa ke bhAvalokame siharana A jAtI hai aura abhinava lahariyo dvArA navarUpakA saMcAra hotA hai / bhAva aura chandokA parivartana maNikAcana sayoga upasthita kara rahA hai / kavi daulatarAmane nimna padyarme bhASAkA raMgarUpa kitanA saMvArA hai / grahazIltA aura prasAda guNa kUTa kara bhare gaye hai / phAlatU aura bharatIke zabda nahIM mileMge, vAkya bhAvAnukUla baDe aura choTe hote gaye haiM / ava mana merA ve, sIkha vacana suna merA / bhaji jinavarapada ve, jo vinazai dukha terA // vinazai dukha terA bhavadhana kerA, manavacatana jina carana bhanau / paMcakarana va rAkha sujJAnI mithyAmatamaga daura tajo // siSyAmatamagapagi anAditeM teM cahu~gAti kInhA kerA / avahU~ ceta aceta hoya mata, sIkha vacana suni merA // vAkyayojanA aura padasaghaTanakI dRSTise bhI jaina hindI sAhitya meM bhASAkA prayoga uttama huA hai| 'A~kha bhara lAnA', 'dhuna laganA', 'citra bana jAnA', 'damapara A bananA' 'pattharakA pAnI honA, jhoMparI jarana lAgI, ku~Ake khudAye tava kauna kAja sari hai", 'Dhacara baiThanA', 'Dhera ho jAnA' tIna-teraha Adi muhAvaroke prayoga dvArA bhASAko zaktizAlI banAyA gayA hai / "jana , isa zatAbdI ke kaviyokI bhASA vizuddha, sayata aura parimArjita khar3I bolI hai| kaviyoMne bhASAko pravAhapUrNa, sarasa, sarala, prasAdaguNayukta, cuTIlI aura bodhagamya banAnekI pUrI ceSTA kI hai| lAkSaNikatA aura citramayatA bhI AjakI bhASAme pAyI jAtI hai|

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154 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana chanda-vidhAna mAnavakI bhAvanAo aura anubhUtiyoMkI sanIva abhivyananA sAhitya hai aura ye bhAvanAe~ tathA anubhUviyA~ kalpanA lokakI vastu nahIM hai, kintu hamAre antarjagatkI pracchanna vastu haiN| sAhityakAra laya aura chandake mAdhyamase apanI anubhUtiyokI acala tanmayatAme, ekAtma anubhavakI bhAvanAmeM vibhora ho kalAko cirantana prANatattvakA sparza karAtA hai| ataeva chanda kavike antarjagatkI vaha abhivyakti hai, jisapara niyamakA aMkuza nahIM rakhA jA sakatA, phira bhI bhinna-bhinna svAbhAvika abhivyaktiyoMke lie svarake Aroha aura avarohakI parama AvazyakatA hai| spandana, kampana aura dhamaniyome rakoSNakA sacAra laya aura chandake dvArA hI sambhava hai| gAnake svara aura layako sunakara antarakI rAginIkA udreka itanA adhika ho jAtA hai, mAvanAe~ itanI saghana ho jAtI hai ki agale pada yA caraNako sunane athavA par3hanekI utkaThA jAgRta hue binA nahI raha sktii| gUMjate svarakI pRSThabhUmipara nUtana masaNa bhAvanAe~ abhinava ramaNIya vizvakA sujana karane lagatI haiN| ataH atmavibhora karane yA honeke lie kAvyame chanda vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| chanda-vidhAna nAda-saundaryakI vizeSatApara avalambita hai / yaha koI bAharI vastu nahI, pratyuta jIvana tattvoMkI sajIva abhivyaJjanAke lie bhASAkA vidhAna hai| yaha vidhAna kAvyake lie bandhana kabhI nahIM hotA, apitu laya-saundaryakI vRddhi aura poSaNa karaneke nimitta eka aisI AdhArazilA hai, jo nAda-saundaryako ucca, namra, samatala, vistRta aura sarasa banAneme sakSama hai / sAdhAraNa vAkyameM jo pravAha aura amatA lakSita nahIM hotI, vaha chanda vyavasthAse paidA kara lI jAtI hai| bhApAkA bhavya-prayoga chanda-vidhAna kavitAkA prANApahAraka nahIM apitu dhanuSapara caDhI pratyacAke tulya usakI zaktikA vardhaka hai| jisa prakAra nadIkI svAbhAvika dhArAko tIvra aura pravahamAna banAneke lie pakke pArsekI AvazyakatA hotI hai,

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chanda-vidhAna usI prakAra bhAvanAo aura anubhUtiyoMko prabhAvotpAdaka banAneke lie chandokI AvazyakatA hai| sIdhe-sAde gadya ke vAkyomeM joza nahIM rahatA aura na preSaNIyatattva hI A pAtA hai, ataeva bhASAke lAkSaNika prayogake lie laya aura chandakA upayoga prAcIna kAlase hI manISI karate A rahe haiN| svara- mAdhurya aura kAvya camatkAra ke lie bhI layAtmaka pravRttikA honA Avazyaka hai / padAvaliyoko bhAvukatApUrNa aura smaraNIya banAne ke lie bhI chandake sA~cemeM bhAvanAoko DhAlanA hI paDatA hai ; anyathA preSaNIyatattvakA samAveza nahI ho sakatA / yo to binA chandake bhI kavitA kI jA sakatI hai, para vaha niSprANa kavitA hogii| usame jIvana yA gati nahIM A sakegI / ataeva icchita svarasAdhanake lie chanda Aja bhI Avazyaka vidhAna hai / yaha svAbhAvika layake svaraikya aura samarUpatAkI rakSA ke lie anivArya sA hai / bhApAkI svAbhAvika laya- pravahaNatA ke lie chandakA bandhana bhI akRtrima aura anivArya sA hai / cuzta bhAvanAokI abhivyaJjanAke lie yaha vidhAna utanA hI Avazyaka hai, jitanA zarIraka svarayantrako zaktizAlI banAneke lie uccAraNopayogI aivayavakA sagakta rahanA / jaina kaviyoMne apane kAvyameM vArNika aura mAtrika donoM hI prakArake chandoMkA prayoga kiyA hai / vArNika chandame vaNA~ke laghu-guruke anusAra krama aura sakhyA Adise antataka samarUpame rahatI hai aura mAtrika chandame mAtrAokI sakhyA, yati niyamake sAtha nizcita rahatI hai, akSarokI nyUnAghikatAkA khayAla nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / jaina kAmyome dohA, caupAI, chappaya, kavitta, savaiyA iktIsA, savaiyA teIsA, aDilla, soraThA, pattA, kusumalatA, vyomAvatI, ghanAkSarI, paddharI, tomara, kuDaliyA, vasantatilakA Adi sabhI chandokA prayoga kiyA hai / dUhA, dohA, chappaya, kavitta, savaiye aura ghanAkSarI jainakaviyoMke vizepa chanda rahe hai | apabhraza kAlase lekara 19 vI satIke antataka jainakaviyone 155

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana chappaya, kavitta aura savaiyokA bar3I hI bArIkIse prayoga kiyA hai| eka sacce kalAkArake samAna mInAkArI aura paccIkArI jainakavi karate rahe hai| apabhraMza kavitAoMme dohAke saikar3oM bheda-prabhedakara navIna prayoga kiye gaye haiN| santayugame lAvanI aura pada bhI vipula parimAName likhe gaye haiN| ina sabhI padoMme saMgItakA prabhAva itanI pracura mAtrAme vidyamAna hai, jisase AdhyAtmika rasa barasatA hai| madhura rasa kAvyame sundara dhvani yojanAse hI nippanna hotA hai| komalapadaracanAne nAdavizepakA sanniveza karake Anandako aura bhI AhAdamaya banAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| saMskRta chanda vasantatilakA, mAlinI, bhujagaprayAta, zArdUlavikrIDita aura maMdAkrAntAkA prayoga bhI jainakaviyoMne kAnyake bhAvoko baoNdhaneke lie hI nahIM kiyA, kintu rAga aura tAlapara komalakAntapadAvaliyoMko baiTha kara amRtakI varSA karaneke lie kiyA hai| ataeva yahA~ ekAdha saMgItakA layayukta udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai bhujaMgaprayAta tumI kalpanAtIta klyaankaarii| kalaMkApahArI bhavAMbhodhitArI / ramAkaMta arahaMta haMtA bhavArI / kRtAMtAMtakArI mahA brahmacArI // namo karmabhettA samastArtha vettA / namo tattvanetA cidaannddhaarii| prapaye zaraNyaM vibho loka dhanyaM / prabho vighnanimnAya saMsAratArI // -vRndAvana vilAsa pR0 68 zArdUlavikrIDitako gAravA rAga aura apA tAlama, bhujagaprayAtako vilAvala rAga aura dAdarA tAlame evaM vasantatilakAko bhairava rAga aura jhumarA tAlame kavi manaragalAlane gAyA hai| manaragakA covIsI pUjApATha saMgItakI dRSTise adbhuta hai| isameM prAyaH sabhI pramukha saMskRtake chandoMkA prayoga kavine bar3I nipuNatAse kiyA hai| vArNikavRttoMko zrutimadhura banAnekA kavine pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai| na, ma, ta, ra, la aura va vaNAMkI

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chandaHvidhAna 157 Adhuci dvArA aneka chandoMmeM apUrva miThAsa vidyamAna hai / karNakaTu, karkaza aura arthahIna zabdokA prayoga bilkula nahIM kiyA hai / chandoMkI lya aura vAlakA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| purAtana chandoMke atirikta jainakaviyone katipaya navIna chandokA bhI upayoga kiyA hai, vAlA chandakai aneka bheda-pramedokA prayoga jainakaviyoM ke kAvyoMme vidyamAna hai| kavi bhUdharadAsane apane pArzvapurANameM cAra caraNavAle isa chandameM pahalA, dUsarA aura tIsarA caraNa indravajrAkA aura cauthA caraNa upendravajrAkA rakhA hai| padyame mAdhurya lAneke lie pratyeka caraNake madhya bhAgameM halkA-sA virAma rakhA hai, jisase svarAghAta honeke kAraNa madhurimA dviguNita ho gayI hai| mAtrAchandakI udbhAvanA to bilkula navIna hai| kavi bhUdharadAsane batAyA hai ki isake prathama aura tRtIya caraNameM gyAraha-gyAraha mAtrAe~, antameM laghu aura laghukA pUrvavartI arthAt upAntya varNa guru hotA hai / dUsare aura cauthe caraName bAhara-bAhara mAtrAe~ aura antake do varNa guru hote haiM / isa chandake aneka bheda-prabhedoMkA prayoga bhI kavine sundara rUpame kiyA hai / yadyapi yaha mAtrika chanda hai,para mAdhuryake lie isame hasvaghA~kA prayoga hI acchA mAnA jAtA hai| ___ kavi banArasIdAsane apane nATaka samayasArameM savaiyA chandakai vibhinna bheda-prabhedokA prayoga kiyA hai / yati aura gaNake niyamoMne chandome layakI taraMgoMkA tAratamya rakhA hai| lambe pada yA caraNa nahI rakhe haiM, jisase zvAsa kriyAkI sugamatAmeM kisI prakArakI rukAvaTa ho aura padakA krama anAyAsa hI bhaga ho jAya / yahA~ eka-do udAharaNa kalAkArako sUkSma kArIgarIko pradarzita karaneke lie diye jAte hai | pAThaka dekheMge ki vanivizleSaNake niyamAnusAra laya-taraMgakA samAveza kitane adbhuta DhaMgase kiyA hai / guru-laghuke tAratamyane rAga aura tAlako adbhuta saMtulna pradAna kara rasa varSA karaneme kucha uThA nahI rakhA hai|

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158 . hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana savaiyA teIsA yA ghaTameM amarUpa anAdi, vilAsa mahA aviveka akhaaro| tAmahi aura sarUpa na dIsata, pabala nRtya kara atibhaaro|| pherata bhepa dikhApata kautuka, so jaliye varanAdi psaaro| mohasu minna judo jaDa soM, cinamRti nATaka dekhana haaro|| -nATaka samayasAra rA9: maivayA ikatIsA jaise gajarAja nAja dhAsake garAsa kari, bhakSata subhAya nahi mina rasa liyA hai| jaise matavAro nahi jAne sikharani svAda, juMgameM magana kahai gaU dUdha piyo haiN| taise mithyAmati nIva jJAnarUpI hai sadIva, pagyo pApa punyasA sahana sunna hio hai| cetana acetana duhako mizra piNDa lakhi, ekameka mAnai na viveka Rtu kiyA hai| padmAvatI chandakA prayoga kavi banArasIdAsane hattaragoMko kisa prakAra Alokita karaneke lie kiyA hai, yaha nimna udAharaNase spaSTa hai| jisa prakAra vAthuke jhoMkese nadIma kabhI halkI taraMga aura kabhI uttAla taraMga taragita hotI hai, usI prakAra kavine balpaghAta dvArA lyAtmaka padAvidhAnako pradarzita kiyA hai tAkI rati kIrati dAsI sama, sahasA rAnaridi ghara aaye| sumati sutA upanai tAke ghaTa, so suraloka sampadA pAvai // tAkI dRSTi lakhai zivamAraga, so niravandha bhAvanA bhAve / jo nara tyAga kapaTa kuMvarA kaha, vidhisoM sasakheta dhana bAvai // . -banArasI vilAsa pR057

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chanda-vidhAna 159 ghanAkSarI chandakA prayoga bhI kavi vanArasIdAsane layavidhAnake niyamokA pradarzana karaneke lie kiyA hai| layAtmaka tarage isa kaThora chandameM bhI kisa prakAra svarakI mavyarekhAkai apara-nIce jAkara lacaka utpanna karatI hai, yaha darzanIya hai| ghanAkSarI tAhI ko subuddhi barai ramA tAkI cAha kare, candana sarUpa ho suyaza tAhi gharacai / sahana suhAga pAvai, suraga samIpa bhAve, bAra vAra mukati ramani tAhi bharacai / tAhike zarIra ko maliMgana arogatAI, maMgala karai .mivAI prIta karai paracai / joI nara ho suceta citta samatA sameta, dharama ke hetako sukheta dhana kharacai // -banArasI vilAsa pR0 56 kavi vanArasIdAsane vastuchanda nAmake eka naye chandakA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi isa chandameM koI vizeSa loca-lacaka nahIM hai, to bhI saMgItAtmakatA avazya hai| ___ kavitta chandame laya aura tAlakA sundara samAveza bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane kiyA hai| mAtrAmao aura vargoM kI saMkhyAkI gaNanAke sivA virAma aura gati vidhipara bhI dhyAna rakhA hai, jisase paDhate hI pAThakakI hRdaya-bInake tAra jhanajhanA uThate hai / dhvani aura arthameM sAmyakA vidhAna bhI isa chanda dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai / madhura dhvaniyokI yojanA bhI prAyaH kavittome kI gayI hai| kavitta kou to karai kilola bhAminIsoM rIjhi-rIjhi, pAhIsoM saneha karai kAma rAga bhara meN|

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160 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kou to lahai Ananda lakSa koTi jori-jori lakSa lakSa mAna karai lacchi kI taraGga meM // koTa mahAzUravIra koTika gumAna kare, mo samAna dUsaro na dekho koU nata meN| kahaiM kahA 'bhayA' kachu kahive kI bAta nAhi, saba jaga dekhiyatu rAga rasa rana meN|| -brahmavilAsa pR017 mAtrika kavitta / cetana nIMda vahI tuma lInI, aisI nIMda leya nahiM koya / kAla anAdi bhaye tohi sovata,vina jAgesamakita kyoM hoya // nihacai zuddha jayo apano guNa, parake bhAva minna kari khoy| haMsa aMza ujvala hai javahI, tavahI jIva siddhasama hoya // -brahmavilAsa pR. 26-27 chappaya chandameM isI kavine anubhUti, kalpanA aura buddhi ina tattvAkA acchA samanvaya kiyA hai| rUpa saundaryake sAtha mAvasaundarya bhI abhivyakta huA hai| apane antastalake jvArako mAnavake magalake lie bar3e hI mundara Dhagase kavine abhivyajita kiyA hai| kavikI kavitAvilAsakaM khAre samudrako apeya samajhakara vipathagAke madhura tIrako prApta karaneke lie sAdhana prastuta karate haiN| kaI chappayama vo kavine ullAsa aura AhAdakI mAdakatAkA acchA vizlepaNa kiyA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroMkI lutiyoMke sivA anya roMkI vyaMjanAmeM bhI chappayakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dvitva voMne saMgItAtmakatAko aura bar3hA diyA hai jo arahaMta sunIva, jIva saba siddha maNije / AcAraja puna jIva, nIva upajhAna gaNije // sAdhu purupa saba nIva, jIva cetana para rAjai / so tere ghaTa nikaTa, dekha nija zuddhi virAne //

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chanda-vidhAna saba jIva dravyanaya ekase, kevalajJAna svarUpamaya / tasa dhyAna karahu ho bhavyajana, jo pAvahu padadhI akhaya // kavi bhUdharadAsake kAvya granthome chandavaicitryakA upayoga sarvatra milegaa| inhone sabhI sundara chandoMkA prayoga rasAnukUla kiyA hai| vairAgyakA nirUpaNa karaneke lie narendra chandako cunA hai, isame antake guruvarNapara jora denese sArI pakti taragita ho jAtI hai| saMsArake kutsita aura ghRNita svArtha sAmane nagna nRtya karate hue upasthita ho jAte haiN| ihi vidhi rAna rai naranAyaka, bhogai puna vishaalaa| sukhasAgara meM ramana niraMtara, jAta na jAnai kAlA / eka dinA zubhakarma saMjoge, kSemakara muni bande / dekhi zrIguru ke pada paMkana, locana ali Anande / / kisahI ghara kalahArI nArI, ke bairI sama bhaaii| kisahI ke dukha bAhara dIkhe, kisahI ura ducitAI // vyomavatI chandakA prayoga to kavi bhUdharadAsane bahuta hI uttama Dhagase kiyA hai| amUrta bhAvanAe~ mUrtimAna hokara sAmane prastuta ho jAtI haiN| saMgItakI lyane rasa varSA karanemeM aura bhI adhika sahAyatA kI hai bhUkhapyAsa porai ra aMtara, prajalai AMta deha saba daage| agnisarUpa dhUpa grISama kI, tAtI bAla jhAlasI lAge / tapai pahAra tApa tana upajai, kopai pita dAha jvara jaagai| ityAdika grIpamakI bAdhA, sahatta sAdhu dhIraja nahIM tyaagai|| x je pradhAna kehari ko pakareM, panaga pakara pAvasoM pApai / jinakI janaka dekha bhauM bA~kI, koTaka sUradInavA nApai //

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162 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana aise purupa pahAra ur3Avana, pralaya pacana tiya veda pyaapai| dhanya dhanya te sAdhu sAhasI, mana sumeha jinako nahiM koNp| caudaha mAtrAke cAla chandama kavine bhAvanAoM ke mAroha-avarohakA kitanA sajIva aura hRdaya-prAhya nirUpaNa kiyA hai, yaha nimna padama darzanIya hai| yo bhoga vipai ati bhArI, tapata na kabhI tanadhArI / jo adhika udai yaha Avai, to adhikI cAha baDhAvai // lyAtmaka chandome harigItikA chandakA sthAna pramukha hai / isame solaha aura bAraha mAtrAoMke virAmase achAIsa mAtrAe~ hotI hai / pratyeka caraNama layake sacaraNake lie 5 vI, 12 vI, 19 vIM aura 26 vI mAtrAe~ laghu hotI hai / antima do mAtrAome upAntya laghu aura antya dIrgha hotI hai| lya-vidhAnake lie Avazyaka niyamokA pAlana karanA bhI chanda-mAdhuryake lie upayogI hotA hai| kavi daulatarAmane apanI chahaDhAlA me harigItikA chandokA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| nimna padyakA zuti-mAdhurya kAvyako kitanA camatkRta kara rahA hai, yaha svayameva spaSTa hai antara caturdaza bheda vAhira saMga dazadhAte ttleN| paramAda taji caukara mahI lakhi samiti iti cleN| jaga suhitakara sabamahitahara zrutisukhada savasaMzaya hrai| bhramaroga-hara jinake vacana mukhacandrata amRta jhare / -chahaDhAlA, chaThI dAla jaina sAhityama saskRta chanda aura purAtana hindI chandoke sAtha Adhunika navIna chandoMkA prayoga bhI pAyA jAtA hai| muktakachanda aura gItoMkA prayoga Aja aneka jaina kavi kara rahe haiN| muktakachanda likhanevAle zrI.kavi cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, zrI paM0 daravArIlAla satyamakta, kavi khUbacanda puSkala, kavi vIrendrakumAra, kavi

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hindI - jaina-sAhityame alaMkAra-yojanA 161 Izvaracandra prabhRti haiM / bhAvanAokI samucita abhivyaMjanA ke lie aneka navIna chandoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| Aja jaina pravandhakAvyome sabhI pracalita chandokA vyavahAra kiyA jA rahA hai / gItomeM bhAvanAkI taraha chanda bhI atyAdhunika prayukta ho rahe haiN| hindI - jaina sAhitya meM alaMkAra - yojanA 1 kAvyake do pakSa hai-- kalApakSa aura bhAvapakSa | jaise mAnava-zarIra aura prANovA, samavAya hai, usI prakAra kalApakSa kAvyakA zarIra aura bhAvapakSa prANa hai / dono Apasa me sambaddha haiM / ekake abhAvame dUsarekI ' susthiti sambhava nahIM / bhASA alakAra, pratIka yojanA prabhRti kalApakSake antargata haiM aura anubhUti bhAvapakSake / koI bhI kavi bhAvako tIvra karane, vyaJjita karane tathA uname camatkAra lAneke lie alakArokA prayoga karatA hai / jisa prakAra kAvyako cirantana banAneke lie anubhUtikI gaharAI aura sukSmatA apekSita hai usI prakAra usa anubhUtiko abhivyakta karaneke lie, camatkArapUrNa alakRta zailI kI bhI AvazyakatA hai / hindI - jaina kaviyokI kavitA- kAminI anAr3I rAjakulAGganAke samAna na to adhika alakAroMke bojhase dabI hai aura na grAmyabAlAke samAna nirAbharaNA hI hai / isame nAgarika ramaNiyoke samAna sundara aura upayukta alakAroMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / kavi banArasIdAsa, bhaiyA1 bhagavatIdAsa aura bhUgharadAsa jaise rasasiddha kaviyoMne abhivyajanAkI camatkArapUrNa zailIme bar3I caturAIse alakAra yojanA kI hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki prastuta vastukA varNana do tarahase kiyA jAtA hai -- ekame vastukA yathAtathya varNana - apanI orase namaka mirca milAye binA aura dUsarImeM kalpanAke prayoga dvArA upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka Adise alaMkRta karake aMga-pratyagake saundaryakA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / kavikrI pratibhA prastuta

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164 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana kI abhivyaMjanApara nirbhara hai| alaMkAra isa dizAme parama-sahAyaka hote haiN| manobhAvoMko hRdaya-spI banAneke lie alakAroMkI yojanA karanA pratyeka kavike lie Avazyaka hai| jaina-kaviyoM ne prastutake prati anubhUti utpanna karAneke lie jisa aprastuta kI yojanAkI hai, vaha svAbhAvika eva marmasparzI hai, sAtha hI prastutakI bhaoNti mAvodreka karanemeM sakSama bhI / kavi apanI kalpanAke valame prastuta prasaMgake melame anuraMjaka aprastutakI yojanA kara AtmAbhivyaMjanameM saphala hue hai / vastutaH jaina kaviyoMne carma-cakSuoMse dekhe gaye padArthoM kA anubhava kara kalpanA dvArA eka aisA nayA rUpa diyA hai, jisase bAhya-jagat aura antarjagatkA sundara samanvaya huA hai| inhoMne bAhya jagatke padArthIko apane anta:karaNameM le jAkara unheM apane mAtroMse anuraMjita kiyA hai aura vidhAyaka kalpanA-dvArA pratipAdya viSayakI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai| AtmAbhivyaMjaname no kavi jitanA saphala hotA hai, vaha utanA hI utkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai aura yaha AtmAbhivyaMjana tabataka sambhava nahIM jabataka prastuta vastuke lie usIke melakI dUsarI aprastuta vastu kI yojanA na kI nAya / manIpiyoMne isa yojanAko hI alaMkAra kahA hai / kAvyAnandakA upabhoga tabhI sambhava hai, jaba kAvyakA kalevara klAmaya honeke sAtha anubhUtikI vibhUtise sampanna ho / jo kavi anubhUtiko jitanA hI sundara banAnekA prayAsa karatA hai usakI kavitA utanI hI nikharatI jAtI hai / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba upamAna sundara ho / ataeva alakAra anubhUtiko sarasa aura sundara banAte haiM / kavitAma bhAva-pravaNatA tabhI A sakatI hai, jaba rUpa-yojanAke lie alaMkRta aura sa~vAre hue padokA prayoga kiyA jAya / dUsare zabdoMme isIko alakAra kahate haiN| zabdAlaMkAroMmeM zabdoMko camatkRta karaneke sAtha mAvoMko tIvratApradAna karaneke lie anuprAsa, yamaka, vakrokti AdikA prayoga sabhI jaina kAvyoMmeM milatA hai| "sakala karama khala dulana, kamaTha saTha pavana

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya meM alaMkAra-yojanA 165 kanaka naga / dhavala parama pada-ramana jagata-jana amala kamala khaga", . me anuprAsakI sundara chaTA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIDhAsake nimna padyame kitanA sundara anuprAsa hai / isane anubhUtiko tIvratA pradAna kI hai| yaha dekhate hI banatA hai / kaTAka karma torike chaTaoNka gA~Tha chorake, paTAka pApa morake taTAka hai mRpA gaI / aare cinha jAnike, bhaTAka hoya Anake, naTAki nRtya mAnake khaTAki vai kharI ThaI // arke ghora phArike taTAka bandha TArake, aTa. ke rAmadhArake rAka rAmakI jaI / gaTAka zuddha pAnake haTAki aca Anako, ghaTAki Apa dAnako saTAka jyo badhU laI // kavi-banArasIdAsane yamakAlaMkAra kI -- "kevala pada mahimA kaho, kaho siddha guNagAna" me kitanI suSThu yojanA kI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakI kavitAme to yamakAlaMkArakI bharamAra hai / nimna padyameM yamakakI kitanI sundara yojanA kI gaI hai| eka matavAle kaheM anya matavAre sava, eka matavAre para vAre mata sAre haiN| eka paMca tatva vAre eka-eka tatva vAre, eka bhrama matabAre eka eka nyAre haiM / jaise matavAre va taise matavAre bakai, tAsoM matavAre tarke binA matavAre haiM / zAntirasa bAre ko matako nivAre raheM, teI prAna pyAre raheM aura saba vAre haiM // isa padyameM prathama matabArekA artha matavAle aura dvitIya matavArekA *

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166 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana artha madonmatta hai, dUsarI paMktime prathama matavArekA artha matavAle aura dvitIya matavArakA artha matanyochAvara hai| maiyA bhagavatIdAsane 'paramAtma zataka meM AtmAko sambodhita karate hue paramAtmAkA spa yamakAlakAramaM bahuta hI sundara dikhalAyA hai| . pIre hohu sujAna, pIre kAre hai rhe| parei tuma vina jJAna, pIre sudhA subuddhi kh|| isa padyame prathama pIrekA artha pipare arthAt he priya hai aura dvitIya pIrekA artha pIle hai / dvitIya pattima prathama pIrekA artha pIr3e aura dvitIya pArekA artha pI-3 arthAta piyo hai| isI prakAra nimna padyameM bhI yamakAlakAra bhAvAkI utkarSa vyajanAmeM kitanA sahAyaka hai| sAdhaka saMsArake viSayose glAni prApta karaneke anantara kahatA hai ki maiM balavAna kAmako na jIta sakA, vyartha hI viSayAsakta rhaa| Atma-sAdhanA na kara maiM kAmadevake AdhIna banA rahA ataH mujhase mukha aura kauna hogaa| saba vipayoMse pUrNa virakti ho jAtI hai, usa samaya isa prakArake bhAva yA vicArokA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha satya hai ki AtmabhartsanA yA AtmAlocanAkI agnike vinA vikAra bhasma nahIM ho sakate hai / maiM na kAma jIlyo balI, maiM na kAma rasalIna / maiM na kAma apanI kiyA, maiM na kAma AdhIna / isa padyameM prathama paMktime prathama na kAmakA artha hai kAmadevako nahIM aura dUsare na kAmakA artha hai vyartha hI, dUsarI time na kAmakA artha hai kArya nahIM kiyA aura dUsare nakAmakA meM na kAma, isa prakArakA paricchedakA artha karanepara kAmadevake AdhIna artha nikalatA hai| isI prakAra nimna padyameM "tArI" zabdake vibhinna artha kara padAvRtti kI gaI hai|

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya meM alaMkAra-yojanA tArI pI tuma bhUlakara, tArI tana rasa lIna / tArI khojahu jJAna kI, tArI pati ghara lIna // kavi vRndAvanadAsane bhI gurukI stutime zabdAlakAroMkI sundara yojanA kI hai / "jina nAmake parabhAvasI, parabhAvakoM daho" meM prathama parabhAvakA artha prabhAva hai aura dvitIya parabhAvakA artha parabhAva-bheda buddhi yA anya padArtha viSayaka buddhi hai / kavi banArasIdAsane AtmAnubhUtikI vyajanA vakrokti alaMkArame bhI kI hai| isa nAmarUpAtmaka jagatke bIca paramArthatattvakA zuddha svarUpa bhedabuddhi dvArA hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / svAtmAnubhava hI zuddha svarUpako prApta karanemeM sahAyaka hotA hai| 167 arthAlakAro meM upamA, utprekSA, udAharaNa, asama, dRSTAnta, rUpaka, vinokti, vicitra, ullekha, sahokti, samAsokti, kAvyaliGga, zleSa, virodhAbhAsa evaM vyAjastuti AdikA prayoga jaina kAvyome pAyA jAtA hai| jaina kaviyoMne sAdRzyamUlaka atrakArokI yojanA svarUpamAtrakA bodha karAneke lie nahIM kI hai, kintu upameyake bhAvako udayuddha karaneke lie, kI hai / svarUpamAtra sAdRzyameM upamAna dvArA kevala upameyakI AkRti yA raMgakA bodha ho sakatA hai kintu prastutake samAna hI AkRtivAle aprastutakI yojanA kara dene mAtra se tabbanya bhAvakA udaya nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataeva "go sahazo gavayaH" ke samAna sAhasyavodhaka vAkyome alaMkAra nahI ho sakatA / javataka aprastutake dvArA prastutake rUpa yA guName saundarya yA utkarSa nahI pahu~catA hai tabataka arthAlaMkAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / arthAlaMkAra ke lie "sAdRzyaM sundaraM vAkyAthopakAram" arthAt sAhRdayamaM 'camatkRtyAdhAyakatvakA rahanA Avazyaka hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa aprastutakI yojanA se bhAvAnubhUtime vRddhi ho vahI vAstavamaM AlaMkArika ramaNIyatA hai / kavi banArasIdAsane nimna padyameM upamAlaMkArakI kitanI sundara yojanA kI hai|

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paMDha hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana Atamako ahita adhyAtama rahita raso, Asava mahAtama akhaNDa aNDavata hai| tAko visatAra giliveko paragaTa bhayo, arish vikAsI brahma maMDavata hai // jAmai saba rUpa jo sabameM saba rUpa soyeM, savanisoM alipta akAza khaMDavata hai / sohe jJAnabhAnu zuddha saMvarako bhepa ghare, arat rucirekhaka hamAre daNDavata hai // samadRSTikI prazasA karate hue kavi banArasIdAsane upamAlakArakI adbhuta chaTA dikhalAyI hai / kavi kahatA hai - * bheda vijJAna jagyo jinake ghaTa zItala citra bhayo jimi candana | keli kareM ziva mAragameM jagamA~hi jinezvara ke laghunandana // isa padyameM kavine cittakI upamA candanase dI hai / jisa prakAra candana zItala hotA hai, AtApako dUra karatA hai, usI prakAra bhedavijJAnI hRdaya bhI / ataeva yahA~ cA~danI upamAna aura hRdaya upameya hai / samAna dharma zItalatA hai tathA upamAnavAcI zabda jimi hai / kavi kahatA hai ki jinake manamandira meM AtmavijJAnakA prakAza utpanna ho gayA, unakA hRdaya candana ke samAna zItala ho jAtA hai / kavi manaraMgalAlane nimna padyome upamAlaMkArakI rasotkarSa karanemeM kitanI vilakSaNatA pradarzita kI hai| cintanameM kitanA satulana hai, yaha udAharaNoMse spaSTa hai / yojanA- dvArA bhAvanA aura girisama beMca gayanda sumanako kharapara citta calAve / pAya dharama labdhi tyAgi zaTa viSaya-bhogako dhyAve // musikyAya kahI aba jAvo / janmAntara lau ava khAvo // le hAra bhane musikyAnA / jimi pAvata bhUkho dAnA //

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya meM alaMkAra- yojanA kavi vRndAvanadAsane bhagavadbhaktikI vizeSatA batalAte hue upamAlakArakI kitanI sundara yojanA kI hai / yadyapi yaha pUrNopamA hai, para isameM Atma-bhAvanAko abhivyakta karane ke lie kavine "sundara nArI kI nAka kaTI hai" ko upamAna banAkara "jinacanda padAmbuna prIti vinA" jIvanako upameya mAnakara bhAvoko mUrtika rUpa pradAna karanevA AyAsa kiyA hai / sava hI vidhiso guNavAna vaDe, valabuddhi vibhA nahI Teka haTI hai / jimacanda padAmbuja prIti vinA, jimi sundara nArIkI nAka kaTI hai // 169 jaina kaviyone aprastuta - dvArA prastutake bhAvakI sundara abhivyajanA karanekA pUrA yatna kiyA hai| pratIko dvArA, sAmya rUpame, mUrttake lie amUrta rUpameM AdhAra ke lie Adheya rUpame aura mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa me upamAkArakI yojanA kI gaI hai| kaI kaviyone nirjIva vastuoM ke varNanameM yA sUkSma bhAvokI gambhIra abhivyajanA me aise upamAnoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jinase mAnava ke sambandhameM abhivyakti kI gaI hai / sAhityika dRSTise ye padya aura bhI mahattva rakhate hai / saundarya aura citraNa ke lie bhI jaina kAvyome upamA aura utprekSAkA adhika vyavahAra kiyA hai / ina alaMkAroke sahAre inhoMne apanI kalpanAkA vistAra bahuta dUrataka vaDhAyA hai / kavi -samaya-siddha upamAnoMke alAvA nUtana upamAnokA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prasiddha upamAnoMke vyavahArameM bhI apanI kalAkA pUrA paricaya ye kavi de sake hai / candraprabha purAName netrokI upamA kamalase dI gayI hai / kamalake tIna varNa prasiddha haiM - lAla, nIlA, aura zveta / bacapana me netra nIle varNake hote hai ataeva usa samayake netroMkI upamA nIla kamalase tathA yuvAvasthA meM netra aruNa varNa honese "kajAruNa locana" kahakara varNana kiyA gayA hai / vRddhAvasthAme netrakA raMga kucha zveta ho jAtA hai ataH "kaMjazveta iba rAjata" kahakara nirUpaNa kiyA hai|

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170 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana kavikI pahu~ca kitanI dUrataka hai yaha uparyukta upamAnokI yojanAse kajalayukta vAlakoMkI bar3I-bar3I oNkhe cittako haThAt apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI haiN| zyAmaraMga bhI cittAkarSaka aura hRdayako zItala karanevAlA hotA hai / ataeva kevala kamalakI upamA yahA~ upayukta nahI ho sakatI thii| isI prakAra yuvAvasthAmeM aruNa netra rahanese lAla kamalakI upamA saundaryakA pUrA citra sAmane prastuta karane meM sakSama hai | aruNanetra pralApa, zUratA aura dussAhamake sUcaka haiN| vIra beSake varNaname aruNa kamalavat netroMko kahanA adhika saundarya dyotaka hai| vRddhAvasthAmeM zArIrika zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai| tathA raktakI kamI honese netra bhI svabhAvataH kucha zveta ho jAte haiN| kavine vRddhAvasthAkA pUrA citra sAmane lAneke lie dhveta kamalake samAna netroko batalAyA hai| kavi vRndAvanane jinendrake netroMkI nimna chappayake prathama caraName chaha upamAeM dI hai| aura zepa pA~ca caraNoMme pratyeka upamAke cha: chaH vizeSaNa diye hai / netrokI dUsarI upamA bhI kamalase hI hai, para yaha upamA sAdhAraNa nahIM hai chaH vizeSaNa yukta hai, arthAt sadala-patra sahita, vikasita, divasakA, sajala-sarovarakA aura malayadezakA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki bhagavAnke netra malyadezame vikasita devasika sadala aruNa kamalake tulya hai / sAdhAraNa kamalakI upamA denese yaha abhivyajanA kabhI nahIM ho sakatI thii| komalatA, dayAlunA, sarvajJatA, hitopadezitA aura vItarAgatAkI bhAvanAe~ ukta upamAnoMse hI yathArthameM abhinyajita ho sakI hai| mIna kamala mada dhanada amiya aMtaku chavi inja / bugala sadala ati aruna, sadhana ujava maya sajjai // hulasita vikasita samada, dAni nAkI ati kre| keli divasa zuci ati udAra, popaka bhari cUre //

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya meM bhalaMkAra-yojanA sama saraja nIta cita cinta Dhe, vRnda miSTa anazastradhara / jala malaya mahata akahata akRta, devadRSTi duHkhadRSTi hara // 171 uparyukta padyase spaSTa hai ki kavikA hRdaya upamAnokA akSaya bhaNDAra hai| ye upamAna prakRtise to liye hI gaye haiM, para kucha paramparA bhukta bhI haiN| jyohI kavi saundaryakI abhivyajanA karanekI icchA karatA hai, tyoMhI upamAna usakI kalpanAkI piTArIse nikalane lagate hai / kavi daulatarAma ne bhI upamAnokI jhar3I lagA dI hai| eka hI upameyacA sarvAMgINa citraNa karane ke lie anekAneka upamAnokA eka hI sAtha vyavahAra kiyA hai / padmAsana padmapada padmA-mukta sa darazAvala hai / kalimaya-gaMjana mana ali raMjana sunijana sarana supAvana hai / X X X mataMga - nazAcana hai / jAko zAsana paMcAnana so, kumati jaina kaviyokI eka vizeSatA hai ki unake upamAna kisI na kisI bhAvako puSTa karaneke lie hI Ate hai / vizvame mohakA bandhana satrate sabala hotA hai, sasArame aisA koI prANI nahIM, jise mohakA viSa vyApta na ho / mohakA tIkSNa viSa prANIko sadA mRhita rakhatA hai / ataH kavi daulatarAma aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane isa mohakA cAra upamAno dvArA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / vyAla, zarAba, garala aura dhatUrA / ina cAro upamAnoMse bhinna-bhinna bhAvanAokI abhivyajanA hotI hai / vyAla - sarpa jisa prakAra vyaktiko kATa letA hai to vaha vyakti sarpake vipake prabhAvase mRhita ho jAtA hai| tana-badanakA usako hoza nahI rahatA; usI prakAra mohAbhibhUta ho jAnete prANI bhI viveka zUnya ho jAtA hai / rAta-dina sasAra ke viSaya sAdhanAMma anurakta rahatA hai / ataeva sarpa vipa dvArA prastuta' mohake prabhAvakA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra avazeSa tIna upamAna bhI mohAbhibhUta dazAkI abhivyajanA karanemeM samajha haiM /

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana mithyAtvakI bhAvAbhivyaktike lie kavi banArasIdAsane tIna upamAnakA prayoga kiyA hai-- mataga, timira aura nizA / ina tInoM upamAnoM ke dvArA kavine mithyAtva ke prabhAvakA nirUpaNa karaneme apUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai / mithyAtvako madonmatta hAthI isalie batAyA gayA hai ki vivekazUnya ho jAnepara vyaktikI avasthA matta hAthIse kama nahI hotI / usameM svecchAcAritA, aniyantrita aindriyaka viSayakA sevana evaM AtmajJAnAbhAva ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra andhakArake dhanIbhUta ho jAnese paDhArthIkA darzana nahIM ho pAtA hai, pAsameM rakhI huI vastu bhI dikhalAyI nahIM par3atI haiM, aura kisI abhISTa sthAnakI ora gamana karanA asambhava ho jAtA hai / kavine upamAnake ina guNoM dvArA upameya midhyAtvakI vibhinna vizeSatAoMkA vilepaNa kiyA hai / vastutaH ukta upamAna prastuta ke svArasyakA sundara vilepaNa karate hai / 172 samyaktvakI vizeSatA aura vilepaNake lie kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, nUgharadAsa aura dhAnatarAyane cAra upamAnoMkA prayoga kiyA hai-- siMha, sUrya, pradIpa aura cintAmaNi ratna | jisa prakAra sihake danameM praveza karate hI itara jantu bhayabhIta ho jAte haiM aura ve sihakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lete haiM usI prakAra samyaktva AtmavizvAsa guNa ke AvirbhUta hote hI vyaktikI sabhI kamajoriyoM samApta ho jAtI hai / midhyAtva - anAtmA vipayaka zraddhAna rUpI madonmatta hAthI samyaktvarUpI siMhako dekhate hI palAyamAna ho jAtA hai / vipayakAMkSAe~ aura rAga dvepAbhiniveza samyaktvake pahale taka hI rahate haiM, Atma zraddhAnake utpanna honepara vyaktikI samasta triyAe~ Atma-kalyANa ke lie hI hone lagatI hai| ataeva samyaktvake prabhAva, pratApa, sAmarthya aura anya divya vizeSatAoMko dikhalAne ke lie siMha upamAnakA vyavahAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra avazeSa upamAna bhI samyaktvako vizeSatAkA pUrA citra sAmane prastuta karate haiM / paJcendriyakai vipayoMkI sArahInatA kAnIkaur3I, nalamanthana kara, ghRta

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hindI-jaina-sAhityameM bhalaMkAra-yojanA 17 // nikAlanA, kuttekA sUkhI haDDI cabAkara svAda lenA Adi upamAnoke dvArA abhivyakta kI hai / upamAlakArakA varNana hindI jaina sAhityame bahuta vistArake sAtha milatA hai / upamAke pUrNopamA aura lusopamA ina dono pradhAna bhedoMke sAtha ArthI, zrautI, dharmaTasA, upamAnalasA aura vAcakatA ina upabhedokA vyavahAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| sAhazya sambandha vAcaka zabda iva, yathA, vA, sI, se, so, lo, jimi Adi kA prayoga bhI yathA sthAna milatA hai| kavi banArasIdAsa upamA aura utprekSAke vizepaza hai / Apake nATaka samayasArameM ina donoM alakAroke paryApta udAharaNa Aye hai| nimna padyame kitanI sundara utprekSA kI gaI hai, kalpanAkI ur3Ana kitanI U~cI hai, yaha dekhate hI bnegaa| U~ce-U~ce gaDhake kaMgure yo virAjata hai, mAno nabha lIlaveko dA~ta diyo hai| sohe cihoM ura upadhanakI saghanatAI, gherA kari mAno bhUmi loka gheri liyo hai / gaharI gambhIra khAI tAkI upamA banAI, nIco kari Anata patAla jala piyo hai / aiso hai nagara yAmeM nRpa ko na aMga koka, yo hI cidAnandasoM zarIra bhinna kiyo hai| utprekSA alakArakA kavi banArasIdAsane kitane anUThe Dhagase prayoga kiyA hai, bhAvotkarSa kitanA sundara huA hai-yaha nimna padyase spaSTa hai / thore se dhakA lage aise phaTa jAye mAnoM, kAgadakI pUrI kIgho cAdara hai caila kii| sasArake sambandhame vibhinna prakArakI utprekSAe~ kavi rUpacanda pANDe aura nayasarine kI hai / bhAgacanda aura budhacandaka padome bhI utprekSAoMkI

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174 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana bharamAra hai| kavi bhUdharadAsane hetRtprebhAkA kitanA sundara samAveza kiyA hai| kalpanAkI uDAnake sAtha bhAvokI gaharAI bhI Azcaryajanaka hai| kAusaggA-mudrA dhari vanameM, sADhe ripama riddhi taja dInI / nihacala aMga meru hai mAnoM, doU bhujA chora jina dInI // phaMse ananta jantu jaga-cahale, duHkhI dekha karanA cita lInI / kATana kAla tinheM samaratha prabhu, kidhauM bA~ha ye dIragha kInI // bhagavAnkI kAyotsarga sthita mudrAko dekhakara kavi utprekSA karatA hai ki he prabho! Apane apanI donoM vizAla bhujAoko sasArakI kIcar3ame phaMse prANiyoM ke nikAlane ke lie hI nIcekI ora laTakA rakhA hai| Uparake padyameM isI bhAvako dikhalAyA gayA hai| ___ bhagavAn zAntinAthakI stuti karatA huA kava kahatA hai ki devaloga bhagavAnko pratidina namaskAra karate hai, unake mukuToMme lagI nIlamaNiyoMkI chAyA bhagavAnke caraNoMpara par3atI hai jisase aisA mAlUma par3atA hai mAno bhagavAnke caraNa-kamaloMkI sugandhakA pAna karane ke lie aneka bhramara hI ekatra ho gaye hai-kavi kahatA hai zAnti jineza jayo nagateza hare bhaghatApa nizeSa kI naaii| sevata pA~ya surAsurarAya namaiM siranAya mahItalatAI // mauli lage maninIla dipai prabhuke carano jhalakai vaha zAI / sUMghana paoNya saroja-sugandhi kiMdhau caliye ali paMkati AI // jaina kaviyoM ne eka hI sthAnapara upameyameM upamAnakI utkaTatAkI sambhAvanA kara vastUprekSA yA svarUpoprekSAkA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| vAcyA aura pratIyamAnA donoM hI prakArakI utprekSAoMke udAharaNa varddhamAna caritrame Aye haiN| kavine varddhamAna. svAmIke rUpa. saundaryakA nirUpaNa nAnA kalpanAoM dvArA-alakRta rUpame kiyA hai| 'rUpakAlaMkArakI yojanA karate hue kavi banArasIdAsane kahA hai ki

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hindI-jaina-sAhityameM alaMkAra-yojanA kAyAko citrazAlameM karmakA palga vichAyA hai| usapara mAyAkI sena sajAkara mithyA kalpanAkA cAdara DAla gayA hai| isapara acetanAkI nIdame cetana sotA hai| mohako maroDa netrokA banda karanA hai, karmake udayakA bala hI zvAsakA ghora zabda hai aura viSaya-sukhakI daura hI svapna hai| kavine yahA~ upameyame upamAnakA Aropa bar3I kuzalatAse kiyA hai| kavi kahatA haikAyAkI citrasArImeM karama parajaMka bhArI, mAyAkI saMvArI seja cAdara kalpanA / zaina kare cetana acetana nIda lie mohakI marora pahai locanako upnaa| udai bala-jora yahai zvAsako zavada ghor| viSa sukhakArI jAkI daura yahI sapanA / aisI mUDha dazAma magana rahe tihu kAla dhAve bhrama-jAlameM na pAve rUpa apanA / vastutaH kavi vanArasIdAsane aprastutameM prastutakA kevala spasAhavya hI nahIM dikhalAyA, kintu prastutakai bhAvako tIvra banAyA hai| nirana rUpakoMmeM sAdRzya, sAdharmya, tathA prabhAva ina tInoMkA pyAna rakhA hai, para sAMga rUpakame sAhazya aura sAdharmyakA pUrA nirvAha kiyA hai| kavine kaI sthaloMpara AtmA aura paramAtmAkai bIcake vyavadhAnako dUrakara AtmAko hI amedapaka paramAtmA batalAyA hai| kavi maiyA bhagavatIdAsake sivA kavi vRndAvanane bhI apanI kavitAma rUpakokI yathAsthAna yojanA kI hai| kavi vRndAvana kahatA hai Adi purAna suno bhavakAnana / mithyAtama gayaMda gaMjanako, yaha purAna sA~co paMcAnana / suragamuktiko maga darasAvata, bhavika jIvako bhavabhaya bhAnana //

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana yahaoNpara Adi purANako siMha aura mithyAtamako gayandakA rUpaka diyA gayA hai | Adi purANake adhyayana aura cintana se midhyAtva buddhikA dUra ho jAnA dikhalAyA gayA hai / mithyAtvakA nirAkaraNa samyaktatva ke prApta honepara hI hotA hai| isI kAraNa sAmyaktvako siMha aura mithyAtvako mataga -- gaja kahA hai / Adi purANakA svAdhyAya samyagdarzana utpanna karatA hai, ataeva samyaktvakI utpattikA kAraNa honese kavine use siMhakA rUpaka diyA hai| 176 jaina kaviyoMne pratipAdya viSayako prastuta karaneke lie unhIM upamAnoMkA upayoga nahIM kiyA hai, jo paramparAgata hai / kAvyAnubhUtikA sarvAMga sundara citra vahIM prasphuTita hotA hai, jahA~ kavikI nijI anubhUtikA usake vicAroMse sAmaJjasya ho / yaha anubhUti jitanI vistRta aura gambhIra hotI hai, utanA hI pratipAdya vipaya AkarSaka hotA hai| purAne upamAnoM ko sunate-sunate hameM aruci utpanna ho gaI hai, ataeva navIna upamAna hI hameM adhika prabhAvita karate haiM tathA carvitacarvaNa kiye hue upamAnoM kI apekSA prabhAva bhI sthAyI hotA hai / kavi vanArasIdAsane aneka navIna upamAnoMke udAharaNa dekara vayaM vipayako prabhAvazAlI banAyA hai / kavi banArasIdAsane udAharaNAkArakA prayoga bahuta hI sundara kiyA hai| nimna darzanIya hai jaise tRna kANa vA~sa Arane ityAdi aura, IMdhana aneka vidhi pAvakamai dahiye / AkRti vilokata kahAvai Agi nAnArUpa, dIsa eka dAhaka subhAu jaba gahiye // taise navatatvameM bhayo hai bahu bhekhI jIna, zuddha rUpa mizrita azuddha rUpa kahiye / jAhI dina cetanA zakatiko vicAra kIleM, tAhI china alakha abheda rUpa lahiye // x x x

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya meM alaMkAra-yojanA yahA~ kavine batalAyA hai, ki jaise tRNa, kASTha, AdikI agni bhinna - mitra honepara bhI eka hI svabhAvakI apekSA eka rUpa hai, usI prakAra yaha jIva bhI nAnA dravyoMke samparkase nAnA rUpa honepara bhI cetanAzaktikI kakSA abheda - eka rUpa hai / 177 jJAnake udayase hamArI dazA aisI bhaI jaise bhAnu bhAsata avasthA hota prAtakI // kavine isa padyAzameM sUryake udAharaNa dvArA jJAnakI vizeSatA dikhalAyI hai / kavi kahatA hai ki jJAnakA udaya honese hamArI aisI avasthA ho gaI hai, jaise sUryake udaya honepara prAtaHkAlakI hotI hai / jisa prakAra sUryakA prakAza andhakArako naSTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra moha - andhakAra dUra ho gayA hai| kavi vRndAvana aura bhUdharadAsane bhI udAharaNAlakAra dvArA prastutakA bhAvotkarSa dikhalAyA hai / bhUdharadAsane dRSTAntAkArakI yojanA nimna padyame kitane sundara Dhagase kI hai, yaha darzanIya hai janama jaladhi jalajAna jAna jana isa mAnakara / saraba indra mila Ana-Ana jisa dharahiM zIsapara // para upabhArI bAna, bAna utthapai kunaya gana / gana saroja vana bhAna, bhAna mama moha timira dhana // dhana carana deha duHkha dAha hara, harakhata heri mayUra mana / manamatha mataMga hari pAsa jina jina visarahu china jagata jana // yahA~ bhagavAn pArzvanAthakA jJAna upameya aura sUrya upamAna hai tathA kamalakA vikasita honA aura andhakArakA naSTa honA samAna dharma hai / basa, yahI bimba pratibimba bhAva hai / kavi manaraMgAne upameyakI samatAkA prabhAva pradarzita karate hue asama alakArakI kitanI anUThI yojanA kI hai| 12

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174 178 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana jA sama na dUnI aura kanyA dekhi rUpa laje ratI // isa prakAra kavi bhRgharadAsane nimna padyama hRdayakI bhAvanAoM aura mAnasika vicAroMko kitanA sAkAra karanekA AvAsa kiyA hai| mAvAne vikAsamaya AlokakI grovala rAzi jagamagAtI huI dRSTigata hotI hai| kRmirAsa kuvAsa sarApa daha, zucitA sava dhIvata nAya shii| niha pAna kiye sudha nAta hiye, bananI jana nAnata nAra yhiiN|| madirA sama mAna nipida kahA, yaha jAna mala kulameM na ghiiN| dhika hai unako vaha nAma nale, nina mRhanake mata lIna nahI / isa padyameM kavine madirAke samAna anya heya padArthakA anAva dikhalAkara madirAkI azucitAkA digdarzana karAyA hai| isI prakAra AkheTakA niyaMdha karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki-"kAnanameM basa aisA Ana na garIba tIca, prAnanasoM pyAre prAna pUnA nisa para hai / " arthAt hiraNake samAna anya koI bhI prANI dIna nahIM hotA hai| ekake binA dUsareke zomita athavA adyomita hAnekA varNana kara vinokti alaMkArako yojanA bar3I hI caturAIse kI gayI hai| naiyA magaratIdAsane-"mAtamake kAna vina rakhasama rAjasukha, suno mahArAja kara kAna kina dAhine !" meM AtmoddhAraka binA rAjyanukhako mI dhUla samAna batAyA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsane rAga binA saMsArake mogAI sArahInatAkA citraNa karate hue vinokti alaMkArakI anTI yonanA bhI hai rAga uI bhogabhAva lAgata suhAvanesa binA rAga aise lAge se nAga kAra haiN| rAga hAnasA pAga rahaM tanameM sIva nIba rAga gaye Avata gilAni hota nyAre hai| rAgasaoN bagata rIti hI saba sA~ca nAna rAga miTe sUjhata asAra khela sAra haiN|

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hindI jaina sAhityameM bhalaMkArayojanA rAgI bina rAgIke vicArameM bar3o hI bheda jaise bhaTA pathya kAhu kAhuko bayAre hai / kavi manaraMgalAlane vinokti alkArakI yojanA dvArA apane antarAlakI vyApakatA aura gaharAIko bar3e hI acche dagase vyakta kiyA hai| nema binA jo nara paryAya / pazu samAna hotI nara rAya // x nAtha tihAre sAtha vina, tanaka na mohi kraar| tAte hamahU~ sAtha tuma, calasI tani gharavAra / he putra calo aba dherai hAla / tuma bina nagarI saba hai vihAla // kavi manaraMgalAlane eka hI kriyA zabdako do athoMme prayukta kara sahokti alakArakA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| kavine pratyeka agame kAmadeva aura suSamAko sAtha sAtha rakhA hai aMga aMgame chAyo anaMga / jaha~ dekho taha~ sukhamA saMga // bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane isakI ukti dekara nimna padyame kitane Dhagase caitanyakA phandese phaoNsanA dikhAyA hai| ApakA anyokti alakArapara vizeSa adhikAra hai| totA, mataga AdikI uktiyoMse AtmAkI paratantratAkI vivecanA kI hai| haMsa haMsa haMsa Apa mujha, pUrva saMvAre phanda / tihi kudAva meM baMdhi rahe, kaise hohu suchanda // sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, seyo semara vRccha / mAye dhokhe Ama ke, yApai pUraNa icch|| kavi manaraMgalAlane nimna padyame atizayokti alakArakA samAveza kitane anUThe Dhagase kiyA hai

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana nAsA lola kapola majhAra / saba zobhAkI rAkhana hAra / tAhi dekhi suka vanameM jAya / lajjita hai nivase adhikAya || kavi banArasIdAsane apane arddhakathAnakame AtmacaritakI amivyaMjanA karate hue AkSepAlkArakA kitanA acchA samAveza kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai zaMkha rUpa ziva deva, mahAzaMkha banArasI / doka mile avedha sAhiba sevaka ekase // Dha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura banArasIdAsane ilepAlkArakI bhI yathAsthAna yojanA kI hai / "akRtrima pratimA nirakhata su "karI na gharI na bharI na dharI" me karIna bharIna aura dharIna padake tIna tIna artha hai| moha apane jAlama phaeNsAkara bIcako kisa prakAra nacAtA hai, kavine isakA varNana vicitrAlaMkAramaM kitanA anUThA kiyA hai / naTapura nAma nagara ati sundara, tAmeM nRtya hA~hi cahu~ ora / nAyaka moha nacAvata sabako, lyAvata svAMga naye nita ora // ucharata girata phirata phirakA deM, karata nRtya nAnA vidhi dhAra / ihi vidhi jagata nIva nAcata, rAcata nAhi vahA~ sukizora // kavi vanArasIdAsane AtmalIlAokA nirUpaNa virodhAbhAsa alakArama karate hue likhA hai " "ekameM aneka hai aneka hImeM eka hai so, eka na aneka kucha kahyo na paratu hai / " isI prakAra vRndAvana aura dyAnatarAyane bhI virodhAbhAsako sundara yojanA kI hai| parikara, samAsokti, ullekha, vibhAvanA aura yathAsya alaMkAroMkA prayoga jaina kAvyoMmeM yatheSTa huA hai| hindI jaina kAvyoMmeM prakRti-citraNa kavitAko akRta karane aura rasAnubhUtiko bar3hAneke lie kavi prakRtikA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai| anAdikAlase prakRti mAnavako saundarya

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hindI jaina kAcyA meM prakRti-citraNa 187 pradAna karatI calI A rahI hai| isake lie vana, parvata, nadI, nAle, uSA, saMdhyA, rajanI, Rtu, sadAse anveSaNake viSaya rahe hai| hindIke jaina kaviyoMko kavitA karanekI preraNA jIvanakI nazvaratA aura apUrNatAke anumavase hI pAsa huI hai| isIlie harSa-viSAda, sukha-duHkha, ghRNA-premakA jIvanameM anubhavakara usake sArako grahaNa karanekI ora kaviyoMne saketa kiyA hai| bhAvoMkI sacAI (Sincerity) yA sadyaH rasodrekakI kSamatA koI bhI kalAkAra prakRtike acalase hI grahaNa karatA hai| isI kAraNa jIvanake kavi honepara bhI jaina kaviyokI saundaryagrAhiNI dRSTi prakRtikI ora bhI gaI hai aura unhone prakRtika sundara citra akita kiye haiN| zAntarasake uddIpana aura puSTike lie jaina kaviyoM ne prakRtikI sundaratApara mugdha hokara aise ramaNIya citra khIce hai jo vizvajanIna bhAvokI abhivyaktimeM apanA advitIya sthAna rakhate hai| prakRtikI pAThazAla pratyeka sahRdayako nirantara zikSA detI rahatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava aura mAnavetara prakRtikA nispaNa kuzala kalAkAra tallInatA aura rasamagnatAke sAtha karatA hI hai| tyAgI jaina kaviyome aneka kavi aise haiM, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA ke lie vanAzrama grahaNa kiyA hai| prakRtike khule vAtAvaraName rahane ke kAraNa saMdhyA, upA aura rajanIke saundarya se inhoMne apane bhItarake virAga ko puSTa hI kiyA hai| inhe sadhyA navodA nAyikAke samAna ekAeka vRddhA, kalTI rajanIke rupame parivartita dekhakara AtmotthAnakI preraNA prApta huI aura isI preraNAko apane kAvyama akita kiyA hai| prakRtike vibhinna smaoNmeM sundarI nartakI ke darzana bhI aneka kaviyoM ne kiye hai, kintu vaha nartakI dUsare kSaName hI kurupA aura vIbhatsasI pratIta hone lagatI hai| ramaNIka vaiza kalApa, salna kapolakI lAlimA aura sAjasajAke vibhinna spome viraktikI bhAvanAkA darzana klA kakyioMkI apanI vizeSatA hai|

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382 hindI jaina sAhitya- parizIlana parantu yaha virakti nIrasa nahIM hai, isameM bhI kAvyatva hai / bhAvanAoM aura kalpanAoMkA santulana hai / mahaloMkI cakAcauMdha, nagarake azAnta kolAhala aura Apasake rAgadveSose dUra haTakara koI bhI vyakti nirAvaraNa prakRtimeM apUrva zAnti aura Ananda pA sakatA hai / manda-manda pavana, vizAla vana prAnta aura harI harI vasundharA vyaktiko jitanI zAnti de sakatI hai, utanI jana-saMkIrNa bhavana nAnA kRtrima sAdhana tathA nRpurokI ghunaghuna kabhI bhI nahI / kavi apane kAvyame prakRtike unhIM ramya dRzyoMko sthAna dete hai jo mAnavI hRdaya cInake tAroko jhanajhanA de / grAma-saundarya aura vana-saundaryakA citraNa aparigrahI kavi yA grahIta parimANa parigrahI kavi jitanA kara sakate haiM, utanA anya nahI / jaina sAhityame vana-vibhUti aura nadI-nAleopara, jahaoN digambara sAdhu dhyAna karate the, una pradezoMkI tasvIreM bar3I hI sUkSmatA aura caturAI ke sAtha khIMcI gayI haiN| aisA pratIta hogA ki gatizIla prakRti svaya mUrttamAna rUpa dhAraNa kara A gaI hai / vipayAsakta vyakti prakRtike jisa rUpase apanI vAsanAko udbuddha karatA hai virakta usI rUpase AtmAnubhUtikI preraNA prApta karatA hai / apabhraMza bhASAke jaina kaviyone apane mahAkAvyoMmeM Alambana aura uddIpana vibhAvake rUpame prakRti citraNa kiyA hai / paTRtu varNana, raNabhUmi varNana, nadI-nAle vana parvatakA citraNa, upA-sandhyA-rajanI. prabhAtakA varNana, harItimA AdikA citrAkana sundara huA hai / isa prakRti-citraNapara saMskRta kAvyoMke prakRti-citraNakI chApa par3I hai| apabhraza bhApAke jaina kaviyone nIti-dharma aura AtmabhAvanAkI abhivyakti ke lie prakRtikA Alambana grahaNa kiyA hai / bimva aura prativimba bhAvase bhI prakRtike bhavya citroMko upasthita kiyA hai / purAnI hindI, brajabhASA aura rAjasthAnI DhuMDhArI bhASAme racita prabandha kAvyoMmeM prakRtikA citraNa bahuta kucha rItikAlIna prakRti-citraNase

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hindI jaina kAvyoM meM prakRti-citraNa 382 milatA julatA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina kaviyone paurANika kathAvastuko apanAyA, jisase ve paramparA bhukta vastu varNaname hI lage rahe aura prakRtike svastha citra na khIce jA sake / zAntarasakI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jaina carita kAvyo meM zRGgArakI vibhinna sthitiyokA mArmika citraNa na huA, jisase prakRtiko unmukta rUpame citrita honekA kama hI avasara milA / paravartI jaina sAhityakArome vanArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, daulatarAma, budhajana, bhAgacanda, nayanamukha Adi kaviyokI racanAoM meM prakRtikai ramyarUpAko bhAvo dvArA saMvArA gayA hai / kavi vanArasIdAsane kubuddhikI tulanA kubjAse aura subuddhikI tulanA rAdhikAke sAtha kI hai| yahA~ rUpa citraName prakRtikA vimba prativimba bhAva dekhane yogya hai / kuTila kurUpa aMga lagI hai parAe saMga, apano pradhAna kAre Apuhi vikAI haiM / gahe gati aMdhakI-sI sakatI kamaMdhakI-sI, baMdhaataria kare dhaMdhahI ghAI hai // raoNDakIsI rIti lie bhA~DakIsI matavArI, saoNDa jyoM suchanda Dhole maoNDakIsI jAI hai| gharako na jAne bheda kare paradhAnI kheta, yA durbuddhi dAsI kunnA kahAI hai // X x X rUpakI rasIlI bhrama kulaphakI kIlI sIla, sudhAke samudra jhIlI solI sukhadAI hai / prAcI jJAnamAnakI ajAcI hai nidAnakI surAcI naravAcI Thora sAcI ThakurAI hai // dhAmakI khabaradAra rAmakI ramanahAra, rAdhArasa paMthinIme granthanimeM gAI hai /

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184 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana saMtanikI mAnI niravAnI nUrakI nisAnI, yAte sadbuddhi rAnI rAdhikA kahAI hai| kavi banArasIdAsane prakRtiko upamAna aura utprekSA alakArI dvArA citramaya rUpame prastuta kiyA hai| kavine zArIrika mAsalatAke sthAna para bhAvAtmakatA, vicitra kalpanA aura sthUla AropavAditAke sthAna para citramayatA aura bhAvapravaNatAkA prayoga kiyA hai| prakRtike eka citrako spaSTa karaneke lie dUsare dRzyakA Azraya liyA gayA hai phira bhI raga-rUpo, AkAra-prakAra eva mAnavIkaraNameM koI bAdhA nahIM AI hai| sAdRzya aura sayogake AdhArapara sundara aura ramaNIya bhAvokI abhivyajanA saundaryAnubhUtikI vRddhi parama sahAyaka hai / prakRtike vibhinna rUpoke sAtha hamArA bhAvasayoga sarvadA rahatA hai, isI kAraNa kavi banArasIdAsne asaMlakSya kramase prakRtikA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| udAharaNAlakArake rUpame prakRtikA citraNa banArasIdAsake nATaka 'samayasAra me aneka sthalo para huA hai| grISmakAlame pipAsAkula mRga bAlUke samUhako hI bhramavaza jala samajhakara idhara udhara bhaTakatA hai, athavA pavanakai sacArase sthira samudrake jalame nAnA prakArakI tarage uThane lagatI haiM aura samudrakA jala AloDita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra yaha AtmA bhramavaza karmAkA karttA kahI jAtI hai aura pudgalake sasargase isakI nAnA prakArakI svabhAva viruddha kriyAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM / kavi kahatA hai jaise mahAdhUpakI tapatima tisI yo sRga, amanasA mithyAjala pivanako dhAye hai| jaise andhakAra maoNhi jevarI nirakhi nara, bharamasoM Darapi sarapa mAni Ayo hai // apane subhAya jaise sAgara sudhira sadA, pavana saMyoga so uchari akulAyo hai|

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hindI jaina kAcyA prakRti-citraNa taise jIva bar3a no avyApaka sahaja rUpa, bharamasoM karamako kartA kahAyo hai| varSA Rtume nadI, nAle aura tAlAba vADha A jAtI hai, jalake teja pravAhama tRNa-kATha aura anya choTe-choTe padArtha vane lagate hai / vAdala garajate aura bijalI camakatI hai| prakRti sarvatra harI-bharI dikhalAI paDatI hai| kavi banArasIdAsane AtmajAnIkI rItikA varpAke udAharaNa dvArA upadezAtmaka rUpase kitanA sundara citraNa kiyA hai Rtu barasAta nadI nAle sara jora caDhe, baDhe naoNhi marajAda sAgarake phaila kii| nIrake pravAha tRNa kATha vRnda bahe nAta, citrAvela AI car3hanAhi kahU~ gaila kI / vanArasIdAsa aise paMcanake parapaMca, raMcaka na saMka Avai vIra buddhi chaila kii| kucha na bhanIta na kyo prItipara guNasetI, aisI rIti viparIta adhyAtma zaila kii| jaba prakRti mAnavIya bhAvoMke samAnAntara bhAvAtmaka-vyajana athavA sahacaraNake AdhArapara prastuta kI jAtI hai, usa samaya use vizuddha uddIpanake antargata nahIM rakkhA jA sktaa| AlambanakI sthitimeM vyakti apanI manAsthitikA Aropa prakRti para karake bhAgabhinyajana karatA hai / saundaryAnubhUti jo kAvyakA AdhAra hai prakRtise sambandhita hai / yadyapi isame nAnA prakArakI sAmAjika bhAvasthitiyoMkA yoga rahatA hai to bhI Alambana spa yaha saundaryAnubhUti karAtI hI hai| jo rasasiddha kavi prakRtike marmako jitanA adhika gaharAIke sAtha avagata kara letA hai vaha utanA hI sundara bhAvAbhivyajana kara sakatA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane prakRtike citroMko kisI manaHsthiti vizeSakI pRSThabhUmike rUpame prastuta kiyA hai| mAnavIyabhAvanAoko prakRtike samA

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186 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana nAntara upasthita karanA aura prakRtirUpa vyApAroko Alambanake rUpameM abhivyakta karanA ApakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| upamAnake rUpame prakRti citraNa dekhiye dhUmanake dhaurahara, dekha kahA garva kare, ye to china mAhi jAhi pauna parasata hii| sandhyAke samAna raMga dekhate hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hii| supaneme bhUpa jaise indradhanu rUpa jaise, mosa bUMda dhUpa jaise purai darasata hii| aisoI bharama saba karmanAla vargaNAko, tAmaiM gUDha magana hoya marai tarasata hI // inhone prakRtiko sthitiyoke prasArameM samavAyarUpase Alambana mAnakara katipaya rekhAcitra upasthita kiye haiN| varSA aura grISma RtukA apanI abhISTa mAnasika sthitiko spaSTa karaneke lie dRSTAntake rUpame ina RtuoM kA varNana kiyA hai prIpamameM dhUpa parai, tAme bhUmi bhArI jare, phUlata hai Aka puni atihi umahi ke| varSARtu meSa bharai tAmeM vRkSa keI pharai, jarata javAsa adha mApuhi te hi kai|| yadyapi uparyukta paktiyoMme prakRtikA svaccha aura camatkArika varNana nahI hai phira bhI bhAvako sabala banAnemeM prakRtiko sahAyaka akita kiyA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsane rUpaka baoNdhakara jIvanakI mArmikatAko prakRtike Alambana dvArA kitane anUThe Dhagase vyakta kiyA hai rAta divasa ghaTa mAla subhAva / bhari-bhari nala jIvanakI jala //

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hindI jaina kAvyoM prakRti-citraNa doya / sUraja cA~da baila ye kAla raihaTa nita phere soya // 187 kavi anubhUtike sarovarame utarakara prakRtime bhAvanAokA Aropakara rahA hai ki kAlaspI arahaTa sUraja cA~da spI vailo- dvArA rAtadina rUpI ghar3oM meM prANiyo ke Ayu spI jalako bhara-bharakara khAlI kara detA hai / bhAvotkai ke lie kavine prakRtikI aneka sthaloMpara bhayakaratA dikhakhAyI hai| aise sthAnopara kavikI lekhanI citrakArakI vRddhikA -sI bana gaI hai / zabda pighala - pighalakara rekhAeN vana gaye hai aura rekhAe~ zabda banakara mukharita ho uThI haiM, kavi kahatA hai ki zIta Rtume bhayakara sadI par3atI hai yadi isa Rtu varSA hone lage, teja pUrvI havA calane lage to zItakI bhayakaratA aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| aise samaya meM nadI ke kinAre khaDe dhyAnastha muni samasta zrItakI bAdhAoMko sahana karate rahate hai viraka uhe haiM / bAdala jhUma rahe haiM // zItakAla sabahI jana kA~pe, khar3e jahA~ vana jhaMjhAvAyu bahe varasA Rtu, barasata tahA~ dhIra taTanI taTa caupaTa, tAla pAlame karma sadhaiM sa~bhArU zItakI bAdhA, te muni tArana taraNa dahe hai / kahe haiM // isI prakAra grISma RtukI bhayakaratA dikhalAtA huA kavi garmIkA citraNa karatA hai bhata deha saba dAge / bhUkha pyAsa pIDe ura bhantara prajalai agni svarUpa dhUpa grIghama kI tAtI bAla jhAlasI lAge // tapai pahAra tApa tana upajai ko pitta dAha jvara jAge / ityAdika grIsakI bAdhA sahata sAdhu dhIraja nahIM tyAge // jJAna vaibhavase yukta AtmAko vasantakA rUpaka dekara kavi dyAnatarAyane kitanA sundara citra khIMcA hai yaha dekhatehI banatA hai / kavikI dRSTime prakRtikA kaNa kaNa eka sajIva vyaktitva liye hue hai jisase pratyeka mAnava

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya- parizIlana prabhAvita hotA hai / jisa prakAra vasanta RtumaM prakRti rAzi rAzi apanA saundarya bikhera detI hai usI prakAra jJAna vaibhavake prApta hote hI AtmAkA apAra saundarya udbuddha ho jAtA hai aura vaha zarmIlI chuI-muIsI dulahina sAmane khar3I ho jAtI hai| sAdhaka ise prApta kara nihAla ho jAtA hai / kavi isI bhAvanAko dikhalAtA huA kahatA hai 188 tuma jJAna vibhava phUlI vasanta, yaha mana madhukara sukhasI ramanta / dina vaDe bhaye rAga bhAva, midhyAtama rajanIko ghaTAva // tuma jJAna vibhava phUloM vasanta, yaha mana madhukara sukhasI ramanta / vaha phUlI phailI suruci vela, jJAtA jana samatA saMga keli // tuma jJAna vibhava phUlI vasanta, yaha mana madhukara sukhasoM ramanta / dyAnata vANI dika madhura rUpa, sura nara pazu Ananda vana svarUpa || tuma jJAna vibhava phUlI vasanta, yaha mana madhukara sukhasI ramanta / kavi hemavijayane prakRtiko saSTi aura sajIva rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| kathA pravAhakI pUrva pITikA ke spamaM prakRti bhAvoddIpanameM kitanI sahAyaka hai yaha nimna udAharaNase spaSTa hai / pAThaka dekheMge ki isa udAharaNa meM kathA prasaMgako mArmika banAneke lie alakAra - vidhAna aura uddIpana vibhAvake rUpameM kitanA sundara prakRtikA citraNa kiyA hai 3 ghanaghora ghaTA unayI junaI, ita uta camakI vijalI / piyure-pithure papIhA bilalAtI, jumora kiMgAra kirIta milI | vIca vindu pare haga A~su phare, puni dhAra apAra isI niklii| muni hema ke sAhiba dekhana phU~, ugrasena dalI su akelI calI // kahi rAjimatI sumatI sakhiyAna kaeN, eka khineka kharI rahu re / sakhirI sagarI a~gurI muhI vAhi karAti ise nihure // avahI tabahI kavahI javahI, yadurAya jAya isI kahuraM / muni hemake sAhiba nema jI hI aba turante tumham bahure //

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hindI jaina kAvyoM meM prakRti-citraNa kavi Anandaghanako bhI prakRtikI acchI parakha hai / Apane mAnava bhAvokI abhivyaktikai mAdhyamake rupame prastuta pratIkoke lie prakRtikA sundara Ayoga kiyA hai| jJAnarUpI sUryodayake hote hI AtmAkI kyA avasthA ho jAtI hai kavine isakA bahuta hI sundara citraNa kiyA hai / prAtaHkAlako rUpaka dekara jJAnodayakA kitanA marmasparzI citraNa kiyA hai| mere ghaTa jJAna bhAva bhayo bhora / cetana aaur cetana cakavI, bhAgau viraha kau sora // phailI cahu~ dizi catura bhAva ruci, miThyauM bharama tamajora / ApanI corI Apahi jAnata, aura kahata na cora // amala kamala vikalita bhaye bhUtala, maMda vizada zazi kora / Anandaghana eka ballabha lAgata, ora na lAkha kirora // 189 rUpaka alakArake rUpame kavi bhAgacandane apane adhikAza padome prakRtikA citraNa kiyA hai / kavine upamA aura utprekSAkI puSTike lie prakRtikA Azraya grahaNa karanA ucita samajhA hai / kucha aise dRzya hai jinakA mAnava jIvanase ghanA sambandha hai / kucha aise bhI bhAva - citra hai jo hamAre sAmudAyika upacetana maname janmakAlase hI cale Ate hai / jinavANI, guruvANI, mandira, caitya Adi mAnavake manako hI zAnta nahI karate kintu antaraMga tRptikA parama sAdhana banate haiM / pratyeka bhAvuka hRdayakI zraddhA ukta vastuoke prati svabhAvataH rahatI hai / kavi vItarAga vANIko gagAkA rUpaka dekara kahatA hai sA~cI to gaMgA yaha vItarAgI vANI, avicchaa dhArA nija dharmakI bahAnI / jAmeM ati hI bimala agAdha jJAna pAnI, jahA~ nahIM saMzayAdi paMkakI nizAnI // sapta bhaMga jahaM taraMga uchalata sukhadAnI, samvacita marAla vRnda ramaiM nitya jJAnI /

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hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana nA avagAhana te zuddha hora pAnI, bhAgacandra nihatra ghaTamAhi yA pramAnI / prakRtika adhika citra inakI kavitA meM pAye jAte haiM / yadyapi vizuddha rupama pravikA citraNa inakI atrinAmeM nahIM huA hai tira mAusamAnIkA itanA nundara vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai ki jima grantutacI aminTanAmeM cAra geMda laga gaye haiN| varga honepara garoM aura zItalanA hA nAnI hai| nidAna AtApale santama dinI zAnta ho jAtI hai| nava yagnA parAjya dekhakara glAni kAraNa apanA mu~ha vAdama chiga lenA hai| thAkAsamanDala dhana-timirale AcchAdita ho jAtA hai| nA vahA~ vila camakatI huI dikhalAI par3atA hai| naI nAla bAda A gatI hai| mAMsa bala va jAnI hai aura navIna dhAnAMka pAca lahalahAna lagate haiN| medinI sarvatra harI bhI dikhalAI par3atI hai| Rtri ina kA dvArA nivANIna mahakSAkA rahasyodghATana karatA hai| varasata jJAna sunAra ho, zrIvina mukha bana ddoN| mIvala hota subuddhamedinI, miTana navAsapapAra / nyAvAda natra dAminI damakahIM hota ninAda gambhIra / karuNA nahI vaha bahudizi te, bharI sI doI nAra // meva vaTA sama zrI vinavAnI / syAtpada capalA camakata vAmaiM, barasana jhAna mupAnI / dharmasanta bAte bahu bAda, ziva Ananda palAnI / mohana dhUla DI saba bAta, krovAnala mutrujhAnI / Adhunika nazAyAma kavitAkA namika tyA styAnmandakelpa mI pravina citraNa kiya gayA hai| nigaza hone pazcAt sahAnubhUtika rUpameM koI bhI Rvi pratiko patA hai| ina bAgana

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pratIka-yojanA prakRtikA yaha rUpa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jIvanakI samasyAokA samAdhAna prakRtike aMcalase jaina kaviyone DhU~DhA hai| ataH upayogitAvAdI aura upadezAtmaka dono hI dRSTikoNa Adhunika jaina prabandha kAvyome apanAye gaye hai| 'varddhamAna', 'pratiphalana' aura 'rAjula' meM bhI prakRtike savedana gIla rUpoMkI sundara abhivyajanA kI gaI hai| pratIka-yojanA koI bhI bhAvuka kavi tIvra rasAnubhUvike lie pratIka-yojanA karatA hai | pratIka paddhati bhApAko bhAva-pravaNa banAtI hI hai, kintu bhAvokI yathArtha amivyaJjanA bhI karatI hai / vayaM vipayake guNa yA bhAva sAmyarakhanevAle bAhya cihnoko pratIka kahate hai| mAnava-hRdayakI prastuta bhAvanAokI abhivyakti ke lie sAmyake AdhArapara aprastuta prAkRtika pratIkokA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ye pratIka prakRtika kSetrase cune hue honeke kAraNa indriyagamya hote haiM aura amUrta bhAvanAokI pratIti karAneme bahuta dUra taka sahAyaka hote haiN| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaba taka hRdayake amUrtabhAva apane amUrtarUpameM rahate haiM, ve itane sUkSma hote haiM ki indriyoM ke dvArA unakA sajIva sAkSAtkAra nahIM ho sakatA hai| rasasiddha kavi pratIkoke sA~ceme una bhAvanAoko dAlakara mUrta rUpa de detA hai, jisase indriyo dvArA unakA sajIva pratyakSIkaraNa hone lagatA hai| jo amUrta bhAvanAe~ hRdayako sparza nahIM karatI thI, ve hI hRdayapara sarvAdhika gambhIra prabhAva chor3ane meM samartha hotI hai| , pratIka-yojanAke pramukha sAdhaka upamA, rUpaka, atizayokti tathA sAropA aura sAdhyAvasAnA lakSaNA haiN| sAropA lamaNAme upamAna aura upameya eka samAna adhikaraNavAlI bhUmikAmeM upasthita rahate hai tathA sAdhyAvasAnAme upameyakA upamAname antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| sAdRzyamUlaka sAropAkI bhUmikApara rUpakAlakAra dvArA pratIka vidhAna aura sAdRzya

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192 192 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana mUlaka sAdhyAvasAnAkI bhUmikApara atizayokti alakAra dvArA pratIkavidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha pratIka vidhAna kahI bhAvokI gambhIratA prakaTa karatA hai to kahIM svarUpakI spaSTatA / svarUpa aura bhAva donoMkI vibhUti bar3hAnevAlI pratIka-yojanA hI amUrtako mUrtarUpa dekara sUkSma bhAvanAokA sAkSAtkAra karA sakatI hai| pratIka vidhAnameM pratIkakI svAbhAvika bodhagamyatAkA khayAla avazya rakhanA par3atA hai| aisA na honese vaha hamAre hRdayaka sUkSma rAgo eva bhAvoko uddIsa nahIM kara sakatA hai| jisa vastu, vyApAra yA guNake sAdRzyame jo vastu, vyApAra yA guNa lAyA jAtA hai use usa bhAvake anukUla honA caahiye| ataH prastutakI bhAvAbhivyajanAke lie aprastutakA prayoga rasodbodhaka yA bhAvocejaka honese hI saccA pratIka vana sakatA hai| bhinna-bhinna saMskRtiyoke anusAra sAhityame rasotkarpake lie kavi bhinna-bhinna pratIkoMkA prayoga karate haiN| sabhyatA, ziSTAcAra, AcAravyavahAra, Atmadarzana prabhRti ke anusAra hI kalAme pratIkokI udbhAvanA kI jAtI hai| hindI jaina kAvyomeM upamAnake rUpame pratIkokA adhika prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi pratIka-vidhAna ke lie sAdhyake AdhArakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, kevala usame bhAvodvodhana yA bhAvapravaNatAkI zakti rahanI cAhiye, to bhI prabhAva sAmyako lekara hI pratIkoMkI yojanA kI jAtI hai / kore sAdhya-mUlaka upamAna mAvottejana nahIM karA sakate haiM / AkAraprakAra yA nApa-jokhakI sAtA sAmane eka mUrti hI khar3I kara sakatI hai, para bhAvojana nhiiN| ataeva kavi mArmika antardRSTi dvArA aise pratIkoMkA vidhAna karatA hai, jo prastutakI bhAvAbhivyaJjanA pUrNarupase kara ske| __ manISiyone bhAvotpAdaka (Emotional Symbols) aura vicArotpAdaka (Intelectual Symbols) ye do meda pratIkoke kiye hai / jainakAyome ina donoM bhedoMmese kisI bhI bhedake zuddha udAharaNa

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pratIka-yojanA 193 nahIM mila skege| bhAvotpAdaka pratIkome vicArokA mizraNa aura vicArosAdaka pratIkomeM bhAvAMkI sthiti banI hI rahatI hai| vicAra aura bhAva itane bhinna bhI nahIM hai, jisase inhe sImArekhA akita kara vibhakta kiyA jA sake / muvidhAke lie jaina sAhityameM prayukta pratIkoMko cAra bhAgome vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai-vikAra aura duHkha vivecaka pratIka, Atmabodhaka pratIka, zarIrabodhaka pratIka aura guNa aura sarvasukhabodhaka pratIka / yadyapi tattvanirUpaNa karate samaya kucha aise pratIkokA bhI jaina kaviyoMne Ayojana kiyA hai, jinakA antarbhAva ukta cAra vAma nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, to bhI bhAvocejaname sahAyaka ukta cAro vargake pratIka hI hai| vikAra aura duHkha vivecaka pratIkoMme pradhAna bhujaga, vipa, mataga, tama, kambala, sandhyA, rajanI, madhuchattA, U~Ta, sIpa, khaira, pacana, tuSa, lahara, zUla, kubbA Adi hai| bhujaMga pratIkakA prayoga tIna vikAroko prakaTa karaneke lie kiyA hai| rAga-dveSa bhAva karmako jinase yaha AtmA nirantara apane svarUpako vikRta karatI rahatI hai| mithyAtva bhAvako, jisase AtmA apane svarUpako vismRta ho, para bhAvoko apanA samajhane lagatI hai aura tIvra viSayAmilApAko, jisase navIna kA~kA arjana hotA rahatA hai| ye tIno hI vikAra bhAva AtmAkI paratantratAke kAraNa hai, sarpake samAna bhayakara aura dukhadAyI haiN| ataeva sapaM pratIka dvArA ina vikAroMkI bhayakaratA abhivyaka kI gayI hai| isa pratIkakA prayoga saMskRta aura prAkRta jaina sAhityameM mI pAyA jAtA hai, kintu hindI bhASAke jaina kaviyone rAgadvapakI sUkSma bhAvanAkI abhivyakti isa pratIka dvArA kI hai| vipa pratIka viSayAmilApAkI bhayakaratAkA dyotana karAneke lie AyA hai| pacendriya vipayoMkI AdhInatA viveka buddhiko samApta kara detI 1. brahmavilAsa pR0 260 / 2. nATaka samayasAra pR0 17, 24, 18 //

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hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana hai| vipa mRtyukA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, para vipayAmilApA mRtyuse bhI bar3hakara hai| yaha eka janmakI hI nahIM kintu janma-janmAntarokI mRtyukA kAraNa hai| viSayAdhIna vyakti hI apane AcAra-vicArase cyuta hokara Atmika guNokA hAsa karatA hai| jisa prakAra vipakA prabhAva mUrchA mAnA hai, usI prakAra vipayAbhilASAse bhI mUrchA AtI hai| vipayAmilApAkI mRA sthAyI prabhAva rakhanevAlI hotI hai, ataH yaha Atmika guNoko vizeSa rUpase AcchAdita karatI hai| kavi vanArasIdAsa aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane vipa pratIkakA prayoga vipayecchAke kuprabhAvako abhivyakta karaneke lie kiyA hai| apabhraMza bhAyAkI kavitAoM me bhI yaha pratIka AyA hai| mataMga pratIka ajJAna aura avivekake mAvako vyakta karaneke lie AyA hai | ajJAnI vyaktikI kriyAe~ madonmatta hAthIke tulya hI hotI hai| jo vipavAndha ho cukA hai, vaha vyakti vivekako kho detA hai / kavi daulatarAmane mataga pratIkakA prayoga tIvra vipayAmilApAkI abhivyajanAke lie kiyA hai| pacendriyake mohaka vipaya kisI bhI prANIkai vivekako AcchAdita karanemeM sakSama hai| jo ina viSayoM ke adhIna rahatA hai, vaha jAnazaktike mUrchita ho jAnese ajJavat ceSTAe~ karatA hai| usake kriyA kalApa vahivigayaka hI hote haiM / ____vama' ajJAna aura mohakA pratIka hai | jisa prakAra andhakAra saghana hotA hai, dRSTiko sadopa banAtA hai, usI prakAra ajAna aura moha bhI AtmadRSTiko sadopa banAte hai| AtmAkai astitvame r3ha vizvAsa na kara atattvarUpa zraddhAna karanA mithyAtva hai| isake prabhAvase jIvako svaparakA viveka nahIM rahatA hai| isake dopokI abhivyaJjanA kavi dyAnatarAyane - 1. vanArasI-vilAsa pR0 140-153 / 2. brahmavilAsa, grAnatavilAsa, vRndAvana-vilAsa Adi /

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mntriighiinaa 125 tama pratIka dvArA kI hai / tama pratIkakA prayoga AtmAke moha, mithyAtva aura ajAna ina tInoM ke bhAvokI abhivyajanA ke lie kiyA gayA hai| , kambala' pratIkakA prayoga AzA-nirAzAkI dvandAtmaka avasthAke vizleSaNa ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yaha sthiti vilakSaNa hai, isa avasthAme mAnasika sthiti eka bhinna rUpakI ho jAtI hai| ___ sandhyAkA prayoga Antarika vedanA, jo rAga-dveSake kAraNa utpanna hotI hai, kI abhivyaktike lie kiyA hai| rajanIkA prayoga nirAzA aura sayama cyutikI abhivyaktike lie kiyA gayA hai| rajanIme ekAdhika bhAvokA mizraNa hai| mohake kAraNa vyaktike manameM aharniza andhakAra vidyamAna rahatA hai, kavi bhUdharadAsane isI bhAvakI abhivyaJjanA rajanIdvArA kI hai| * madhuchacA viSayAbhilASAkA pratIka hai| kacana aura kAminI aise do padArtha hai, jinake pralobhanase koI bhI rAgI vyakti apaneko achUtA nahIM rakha sakatA hai| tRSNA aura viSayAmilASAke uttarottara baDhanese vyakti asayamita ho jAtA hai, jisase use nAnA prakArake duHkha uThAne par3ate haiN| ina manorama viSayoMko prApta karanekI vAJchAse hI jIvanako kutsita aura nArakIya banAyA jA rahA hai| UTa' ahakArakA pratIka hai| ahakArake AdhIna rahanese namratA guNa naSTa ho jAtA hai, aisA korA vyakti AtmavijJApana karatA hai| U~Ta apanI TeDhI gardana dvArA nIcekI apekSA aparako hI dekhatA hai, isI prakAra ghamaDI vyakti dUsaroke chidrokA hI anveSaNa karatA hai| usakI AtmAkA mArdava guNa tirohita ho jAtA hai| usake Atmika guNa bhI UMTakI gardanakai samAna vakra hI rahate hai| 1. nATaka samayasAra pR0 39 / 2. 3. dhAnava-vilAsa / 1. dohA pAhuDa do0 15 // -

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana sIpa' kAminI ke mohaka rUpake prati AsaktikA pratIka hai| sIpa jaise jalase utpanna hotI hai, aura jalma hI saMvarddhanako prApta hotI hai / isI prakAra Asakti vAsanA janya anuraktise utpanna hotI hai aura usImeM vRddhiMgata bhii| sIpakI rUpAkRti eka vilakSaNa prakArakI hotI hai, usI prakAra Asakti bhI citra-vicitramaya hotI hai | khaira' dravyakamoMkA pratIka hai / dravyakamakA samvandha kaise hotA hai ? inake saMyogase AtmA kisa prakAra rakta vikRta ho jAtI hai aura kamoMke kitane bheda kisa prakArase vipacyamAna hote haiM; Adi aneka antaskI bhAvanAoM kI abhivyaJjanA isa pratIkake dvArA kI gayI hai / paMcana' vipayakA pratIka hai| pacendriyoMke dvArA vipaya sevana kiyA jAtA hai tathA isI vipayAsakti ke kAraNa AtmA apane svabhAvase cyuta hai / vimAva pariNatikI abhivyaJjanA bhI isa pratIka dvArA kavi manaraMgalAla aura lAlacandane kI hai| tupa zaktikA pratIka hai| yaha vaha zakti hai jo AtmakalyANase jIvanako pRthaka karatI hai, aura viSayoMke prati Asakti utpanna karatI hai / lahara tRSNA yA icchAkA pratIka haiM; kavi banArasIdAsane nadIke pravAhake pratIka dvArA Atma- saMyoga sahita karmakI vibhinna dazAoMkA acchA vilepaNa kiyA hai jaise mahImaNDalamai nadIko pravAha eka, 196 tAhI aneka bhA~ti nIrakI Tharani hai / pAtharake jora tahA~ dhArakI marora hota, kA~karakI khAni vahA~ jhAgako jharani haiM || paunakI jhakora vahA~ caMcala taraMga uThe, bhUmikI nicAni tahA~ bhaurakI parani hai / 1. dohA pAhuDa do0 151 / 2. dohA pAhuDa do0 150 1 3. dohA pAhuDa do0 45 / 4. dohA pAhuDa do0 15 / : : - i

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pratIka yojanA taiso eka AtmA ananta rasa pugula, dohUke saMyogameM vibhAvakI bharani hai | 197 yadyapi yahA~ udAharaNAlaMkAra hai, parantu kavine nadI pravAhake pratIkadvArA bhAvakA utkarSa dikhalAneme saphalatA prApta kI hai / kavi banArasIdAsane apanI pratIkoko svaya spaSTa karate hue likhA hai karma samudra vibhAva jala, vipaya kapAya taraMga | bar3havAnala tRSNA pravala, mamatA dhuni sarvaMga // bharama bhavara tAme phirai, mana jahAja cahu~ ora / gire, phire cUDai tirai udaya pavanake jora // , viSayI jIva bhramavaza sasArake sukhoko upAdeya samajhatA hai / kavi bhagavatIdAsane pratIko dvArA isa bhAvakA kitanA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, seyo semara vRccha / Aye dhokhe Amake, yApai pUraNa iccha // yApai pUraNa iccha vRcchako bheda na jAnyo / rahe viSaya lapAya, mugdhamati bharama bhulAnyo // phalamaoNhi nikase tUla, svAda puna karU na huA / yahai jagatakI rIti dekhi, semara sama sUvA // isa padyameM sUvA AtmAkA pratIka, semara sasArake kamanIya viSayokA pratIka, Ama Atmika sukhakA pratIka aura tUla sAsArika viSayokI sArahInatAkA pratIka hai / kavine AtmAko sasArakI rIti-nIti se pUrNatayA sAvadhAna kara diyA hai| Atmabodhaka pratIkome subA, haMsa, zivanAyaka pratIka pradhAna hai / ina pratIko dvArA AtmA ke vibhinna svaspokI abhivyajanA kI gayI hai | sUvA usa AtmAkA pratIka hai, jo vikAroM aura pralobhanokI ora AkRSTa hotI hai / vizvake ramaNIya padArtha usake AkarSaNakA kendra banate hai, para

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194 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana vaha una AkarSaNoko kisI bhI samaya TukarA kara svatantra ho jAtI hai, aura sAdhanA kara nirvANako pAtI hai| kavi banArasIdAsa, bhagatIdAsa, rUpacanda, budhanana, bhAgacanda, daulatarAma Adi kaviyAne AtmAkI isI avasthAkI abhivyaMjanA svA-pratIka dvArA kI hai / kavi dhAnatarAyane hasa pratIka-dvArA AtmAko samatA guNa grahaNa karanekA upadeza diyA hai| isa pratIkase AtmAkI usa avasthAkI abhivyannA kI hai, jo avasthA aNuvega dhAraNa karanese utpanna hotI hai / kavi kahatA hai sunahu haMsa yaha sIkha, sAMkha mAno sadagura kii| gurukI Ana na lopi, lopi mithyAmati urakI // urakI samatA gahau, gahA~ Atama anumA sukha / sukha salpa thira rahai, rahai jagameM udAsa rukha / zivanAyaka pratIka-dvArA usa zanizAlI AtmAkA vizleSaNa kiyA hai, no mithyAtva, rAga, dvepa, mohake kAraNa paratantra hai| parantu apanI vAstavikatAkA parijJAna hote hI vaha prakAzamAna ho jAtI hai| AtmA adbhuta zaktizAlI hai, yaha svabhAvataH rAga, dveSa, mohase rahita hai; zuddhabuddha aura niraMjana hai| kavi isako sambodhana kara buddhi-dvArA kahalatA haiika bAta kahU~ zivanAyakI, tuma lAyaka Tora RhA~ bhttke| graha kauna vicakSaNa rIti gahI, vitu dekhahi amana sauM bhaTake / / anaha guNa mAno to sAkha kahU~, tuma kholata kyoM na paTai ghttke| cina bhUrati Apa virAjata ho, tina sUrata dekhe sudhA gaTake // zarIratrodhaka pratIkAma caze, piMjarA, bhRmA, kaoNca aura maMcyA Adi pramukha hai / ye namI pratIka zarIrakA vibhinna dazAoMkI abhivyaMjanAke lie Aye haiN| kavi bhRvaradAsane cakheMke pratIka dvArA zarIrakI gattavika sthitikA nispaNa karate hue kahA hai

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pratIka-yojanA 199 carakhA calatA nAhI, carakhA humA purAnA / paga khUTe dvaya hAlana lAge, ura madirA khakharAnA // chIdI huI paoNkhaDI pasalI, phirai nahI mnmaanaa| carakhA calatA nAhI, carakhA huA purAnA // rasanA takalIne vala khAyA, so aba kaise khuutte| sabada sUta sUdhA nahIM nikale, ghar3I ghaDI phala TUTai // Ayu mAlakA nahI bharosA, aMga calAcala saare| roja ilAja marammata cAhai, vaida vAdaI hAre / nayA carakhalA raMgA-caMgA, savakA citta dhuraace| palaTA varana gaye guna agale, aba dekheM nahiM bhAvai // moTA mahIM kAtakara bhAI, kara apanA surmeraa| aMta bhAgame iMdhana hogA, bhUdhara samajha saverA // guNa yA sukha bodhaka pratIkome madhu,phUla, puSpa, kisalaya, motI, apA, amRta, prabhAva, dIpa aura prakAza pramukha haiN| ina pratIko dvArA sukha aura Atmika guNoMkI aneka tarahase sundara abhivyaJjanA kI gayI hai| madhu aindriyaka sukhakI bhAvanAko abhivyakta karatA hai| aindriyaka sukha kSaNavidhvaMsI hai| jaba jIvana upavaname vasanta AtA hai, usa samaya jIvanakA pratyeka kaNa saundaryase lAta ho jAtA hai| usakI jIvana DAlIpara kokila kuhU kuhU karane lagatI hai| malyAnilake sparzase zarIrame romAJca ho jAtA hai, hRdayame navIna abhilApAe~ jAgRta hotI haiM / aindriyaka sukha isa prANIko Arambhame Anandaprada mAlUma paDate hai, parantu pIche dukha mizrita dikhalAyI paDane lagate hai| madhu pratIka-dvArA kavi budhajanane sAmarika viSayecchAkA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai / isa sukhecchAkI bhAvAnubhUtike lie hI kavine madhu pratIkakA Ayojana kiyA hai| phUla harpa aura AnandakA pratIka hai| vAsantI samIra maname rAzirAzi abhilASAoko jAgRta karatA hai / hRdayame smRtiyA~, oNkhomai madhura

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200 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana svapna aura antarAlameM unmatta AkAMkSA yukta mAnava jIvanakA mUrtimAna rUpa puSpa aura phala pratIka dvArA abhivyajita kiyA gayA hai| kisalaya pratIka sAsArika prema, rAgamaya anurakti evaM madhura pralomanokI abhivyaktike lie prayukta huA hai| vasanta Rtuke Agamanake samaya navIna kopale nikala AtI hai, masta prabhAta rakta kisalayoMko lekara madira bhAvoMkA kUjana karatA hai / phalataH vAsanAtmaka prema utpanna hotA hai| yaha anurakti saMsArake vipayoMke prati sahaja hotI hai| amRta AtmAnandakI abhivyaJjanAke lie vyavahRta huA hai| ajAna, mithyAtva aura rAga-dvepa-mohake nikala jAnepara jJAnakalikA apanI paMkhur3iyome vikAra aura vAsanAko banda kara letI hai koyala apanI nIravatAme usake ananta saundaryake darzana karatI hai ; rajanIke tAre rAta mara usa AtmAnandakI bATa johate rahate haiM / yaha AtmAnanda bhI kapAyodayakI mandatA, kSINatA aura tIvrodayake kAraNa aneka spoMme vyakta hotA hai| amRta, pradIpa aura prakAza-dvArA AtmajJAna aura AtmAnandakI amivyaJjanA kI gaI hai| motI, prabhAta aura UpA pratIko-dvArA jIvana aura jagatke zAzvata saundaryakI abhivyaJjanA kaviyone kI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsane AtmanAna prApta karanekI ora saketa karate hue kahA hai lAI hauM lAlana bAla amolaka, dekhahu to tuma kaisI dhanI hai| aisI kahU~ tihu~ loko sundara, aura na nAri aneka dhanI hai| thAhI te tohi kaha nita cetana, yAhukI prIti jo tosau sanI hai| terI aurAdhekI rIma ananta, so mopai kahU~ yaha jAna ganI hai| prAcIna jaina kaviyone jIvanake mArmika pabhoke udghATanake lie alaMkAra rUpame hI pratIkokI yojanA kI hai| navIna kavitAoM meM vaicitryapradarzana ke lie bhI pratIkoMkA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| ataeva saMkSepame

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rahasyavAda 201 yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki sUkSma bhAvokI anubhUti pratIka yojanA dvArA gaharAI ke sAtha abhivyakta huI hai| rahasyavAda brahmakI - AtmAkI vyApaka sattA na mAnanepara bhI hindI jaina sAhitya me uccakoTikA rahasyavAda vidyamAna hai / hindI jaina kAvya sraSTAone svaya zuddhAtma tattvakI upalabdhike lie rahasyavAdako sthAna diyA hai / AtmA rahasyamaya, sUkSma, amUrta, jJAna, darzana Adi guNokA bhANDAra hai, isakI upalabdhi bhedAnubhUtise hotI hai / zuddhAtmAmeM ananta saundarya aura teja hai / isakI prApti ke lie svayaM apaneko zuddha karaneke lie, usa lokame sAdhaka vicaraNa karatA hai, jahA~ bhautika sambandha nahIM / aindriyaka vipayoko AkAkSA nahI, sasAra aura zarIrase pUrNa virakti hai / yaha prathama avasthA hai, yahA~ para svAnubhavakI aura jIva agrasara hotA hai / dohA pAhuDameM isa avasthAkA nimna prakAra citraNa kiyA hai jo jihiM lakkhahiM paribhamadda appA dukkhu sahaMtu / puttakalattahUM mohiyau jAma Na vohi lahaMtu // AtmA aura paramAtmAkI ekatAkA jitanA sundara citraNa hindIke jaina kavi kara sake haiM, utanA sambhavataH anya kavi nahIM / jaina siddhAntame zuddha honepara yahI AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / kavi banArasIdAsa isI kAraNa AdhyAtmika vivecana karate hue kahate hai ki re prANI ! tU apane dhanIko kahA~ DhUDhatA hai, vaha to tumhAre pAsa hI hai jyo mRga nAbhi suvAsaso, hRdata vana daure / tyoM tujhameM terA dhanI, tU khojata aura n karatA bharatA bhogatA, ghaTa so ghaTa mAhIM / jJAna binA sadguru binA, tU sUjhata nAhIM //

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana kavi bhagavatIdAsa AtmatattvakI mahattA batalAtA huA kahatA hai ki A~kheM jo kucha bhI rUpa dekhatI hai, kAna jo kucha bhI sunate haiM, jIma jo kucha bhI rasako cakhatI haiM, nAka jo kucha bhI gandha ghatI hai aura zarIra jo kucha bhI ATha tarahake sparzakA anubhava karatA hai, yaha saba terI hI karAmAta hai / hai AtmA ! tU isa zarIra mandirame devarUpame baiThI hai| mana ! tU isa AtmadevakI sevA kyoM nahIM karatA, kahA~ dauDatA hai- 202 yAhI deha devalameM kevala svarUpa deva, tAkara seva mana kahA~ daur3e jAta 1 kavi bhagavatIdAsa apane ghaTame hI paramAtmAko DhUDhaneke lie kahatA hai ki he bhAI! tuma idhara-udhara kahA~ ghUmate ho, zuddha dRSTise dekhane para paramAtmA tumako isa ghaTake bhItara hI dikhalAyI par3egA / yaha amRtamaya jJAnakA bhANDAra hai / saMsAra pAra hokara naukAke samAna dUsaroko bhI pAra karanevAlA hai / tIna lokameM usakI bAdazAhata hai / zuddha svabhAvamaya hai, usako samajhadAra hI samajha sakate haiN| vahI deva, guru, mokSakA vAsI aura tribhuvanakA mukuTa hai / he cetana sAvadhAna ho jAo, apaneko prkho| deva ca guru hai vahai, ziva hai basaiyA / tribhuvana mukuTa va sadA, veto citavaiyA // kavi banArasIdAsane bhI batalAyA hai ki jo loga paramAtmAko DhU~Dhane ke nAnAprakArake prayatna karate haiM, ve mUrkha haiM tathA unake sabhI prayatna ayathArtha haiM / udAsIna hokara jagalokI khAka chAnanese paramAtmAkI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| mUrti banAkara praNAma karanese aura chIkopara caDhakara pahAr3akI coTiyopara car3hane se bhI usakI prApti nahI ho sakatI hai| paramAtmA na Upara AkAzame hai aura na nIce pAtAlame / jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi guNokI dhArI yaha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai aura yaha pratyeka vyaktike bhItara vidyamAna hai / kavi kahatA hai----

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203 rahasyavAda keI udAsa rahe prabhu kArana, keI kahIM uThi jAhiM kahIM ke / beI praNAma karai ghaTa mUrati, keI pahAra caDhe caDhi chIke / / keI kahaM AsamAna ke Upari, keI kaha prabhu heTha jamIke / mero dhanI nahiM dUra dizAMtara, mohime hai mohi sUjhata nIke // * hindI jaina sAhityama rahasyavAdakI dUsarI vha sthiti hai jahA~ mana aindriyaka viSayose mukta ho muttikI ora tejIse daur3anA Arambha karatA hai / isa sthitikA varNana vanArasIdAsake kAvyame bhAvAtmaka spase kiyA gayA hai| haThayoga sambandhI sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda hindI jaina sAhityameM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| kevala bhAvAlaka rahatvavAdakA varNana hI kiyA hai| sAdhanAkai kSetra vikAra aura kapAyoko dUra karaneke lie saMyama, indriya-nigraha aura medavijJAna yA tvAnubhUtiko sthAna diyA gayA hai / parantu inakI yaha sAdhanA bhI bhAvAtmaka hI hai| isa avasthAkA mahAkavi banArasIdAsane nimna citraNa kiyA hai| mUlanabeTA jAyore sAdho, mUlanaH / jAne khoja kuTumba sava khAyo re sAdho, mUlana0 // janmata mAtA mamatA khAI, moha lobha doi bhaaii| kAma krodha doi kAkA khAe, khAI tRpanA dAI / pApI pApa parosI khAyo, azubha meM doi maamaa| mAna nagarako rAjA khAyo, phaila paro sava gAmA // duramati dAdI vikathA dAdo, mukha dekhata hI mUlo / maMgalAcAra vadhAe bAje, jaba do vAlaka ho| nAma dhasyo vAlakako ruyo, rUpa gharana kachu naahii| nAma gharante pANDe khAe, kahata banArasi bhAI // rahasyavAdakI isa dUsarI sthitime gurukA upadeza zravaNa karanA tathA usa upadezake anusAra bhramarUpI kIcar3akA prakSAlana kara apane antasko

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204 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana ujvaLa karanA hotA hai| kavi banArasIdAsa kahatA hai ki he bhAI! tUne vanavAsI banakara makAna aura kuTumba chor3a bhI diyA, parantu sva-parakA bheda jJAna na honese terI ye kriyAe~ ayathArtha hai| jisa prakAra raktase raMjita vastra rakta dvArA prakSAlana karanepara svaccha nahIM ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra mamatva bhAvase sasAra nahIM chUTa sakatA hai / tu apane dhanIko samajha, usase prema kara aura usI ke sAtha ramaNa kara / hai vanavAsI te vajA, ghara vAra muhallA / appA para na vichANiyA~, saba jhUThI gllaa| jyA rudhirAdi puTTa soM, paTa dIse lallA / rudhirAjalahiM pakhalie, nahIM hoya ujjalA // kiNa tU jakarA sA~kalA, kiNa ekar3A mallA / mida makarA jyo urajhiyA, ura mApa ugalA // tIsarI rahasyavAdakI vaha sthiti hai, jisameM bhedavijJAna utpanna honepara AtmA apane priyatama rUpI zuddha dazAke sAtha vicaraNa karane lagatI hai| harSake jhUme cetana jhulane lagatA hai, dharma aura karmake sayogase svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa-rasa paidA hotA hai| ___ manake anupama mahalme suruci rUpI sundara bhUmi hai, usame jJAna aura darzanake acala khambhe aura caritrakI majabUta rassI lagI hai| yahA~ guNa aura paryAyakI sugandhita vAyu bahatI hai aura nirmala viveka rUpI bhaure guMjAra karate hai| vyavahAra aura nizcala nayakI DaNDI lagI hai, sumatikI paTalI vichI hai tathA usame cha: dranyakI chaH kIle lagI haiM / kokA udaya aura puruSArtha donoM milakara jhoTA-dhakkA dete hai, jisase zubha aura azubha kI kiloleM uThatI hai| saMvega aura savara dono sevaka sevA karate haiM aura vrata tAmbUlake bIr3e dete hai| isa prakArakI avasthAmeM Ananda rUpa cetana apane Atma-sukhakI samAdhima nizcala virAjamAna hai| dhAraNA, samatA,

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rahasyavAda 205 kSamA aura karuNA ye cAroM sakhiyA cAro ora khar3I haiM; sakAma aura akAma nirjarA rUpI dAsiyoM sevA kara rahI haiN| yahA~ para sAto nayarUpI saubhAgyavatI sundara ramaNiyokI madhura nUpura dhvani jhakRta ho rahI hai| guruvacanakA sundara rAga AlApA jA rahA hai tathA siddhAntarUpI dhurapada aura artharUpI tAlakA sacAra ho rahA hai / satyazraddhAnarUpI bAdalokI ghaTAe~ garjana-tarjana karatI huI varasa rahI haiM / AtmA. numava rUpI bijalI borase camakatI hai aura zIlarUpI zItala vAyu vaha rahI hai| tapasyAke jorase kA~kA bAla vicchinna le rahA hai aura Atmazakti prAdurbhUta hotI jA rahI hai / isa prakAra harpa sahita zuddhabhAvake hiDole para cetana jhUla rahA hai| kavi kahatA hai sahana hiMDanA harakha hiDolanA, jhUlata cetana rAgha / jaha dharma karma saMjoga upajata, rasa svabhAva vibhAva // jaha sumana rUpa anUpa mandira, suruci bhUmi surNg| vaha jJAna darzana khaMbha avicala, carana Ai abhaMga // maruvA suguna para jAya vicarana, bhaura vimala viveka / nyavahAra nizcaya nabha sudaMDI, sumati paTalI ek| udyama udaya mili dehi zoTA, zubha azubha kllol| paTkIla nahA~ paTU dravya nirNaya, abhaya aMga aDola // saMvega saMghara nikaTa sevaka, virata cIre deta / AnaMda kaMda suchaMda sAhiva sukha samAdhi sameta // dhAranA samatA kSamA kruNA, dhAra sakhi cahu~ or| nirjarA dou catura dAsI, karahi khidamata nora // jaha vinaya mili sAtoM suhAgina, karata dhuni anakAra / guru vacana rAga siddhAnta dhurapada, tAla bharaya vicAra // rahasyavAdakI prathama avasthAse lekara tRtIya avasyA taka pahuMcaneme

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206 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana AtmAkI tar3apana aura usakI vecainIkI avasthAkA citraNa mahAkavi banArasIdAsane bar3e hI mArmika zabdomeM kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai mai virahina piyake adhIna, yo talako jyoM jala bina mIna / merA manakA pyArA jo mile, merA sahaja sanehI no mila / / - anubhUtike divya hone para nava bahirunmukhI vRttiyA~ antarunmukhI ho jAtI haiM, to bahirjagatme kucha dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA; kintu Antarika jagatme hI divyAnubhUti hone lagatI hai| isI avasthAkA citraNa karatA huA kavi kahatA hai vAhira dekhU to piya dUra / ghaTa dekheM ghaTameM bharapUra / java anubhava karate-karate lambA arasA bIta gayA aura Atmadarzana nahIM huA to usake dhairyakA baoNgha TUTa gayA aura muMhase acAnaka nikala par3A alakha amUrati varNana koya / avadhI piyako darzana hoya // sugama paMtha nikaTa hai aura / antara Au virahakI daura / nahu~ dekhU piyakI unahAra / tana mana saravasa DhAroM vAra / / hohu maganameM darazana pAya / jyA dariyAmai bUMda samAya // pinako milo apanapo khoya / bolA gala pAnI jyA hoya // caturtha avasthAma pahu~canepara, nava ki mokSaramAse ramaNa hone hI vAlA hai; AtmAnubhUti kI nimna pukAra hone lagatI hai piya more ghaTa maiM piya mAhi, jala taraMga jyA dvividhA nAhi / piya mI karatA maiM karatUti, piya jJAnI maiM jJAna vibhUti // piya sukha sAgara meM sukha sIva, piya ziva maMdira maiM ziva nIdha / piya brahmA maiM sarasvati nAma, piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma / piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni, piya ninavara maiM kevali vAni //

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rahasyavAda 207 piya bhogI mai bhukti vizepa, piya jogI mai mudrA bhaipa // jaha piya taha~ maiM piyake saMga, jyoM zazi hari mai jyoti abhaMga / isake anantara kavine zuddhAtma tattvakI prAptike lie aneka bhAvAmaka dazAokA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / isa sarasa rahasyavAdame premakI sayoga viyogAtmaka dazAokA vizleSaNa bhI sUkSmatAse kiyA gayA hai|

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gyArahavA~ adhyAya siMhAvalokana hindI-jaina-sAhityakA Arambha 7vI zatIse huA hai| apabhraza bhApA aura purAnI hindImeM sabase prAcIna racanAe~ jaina-kaviyoMkI hI upalabdha haiM / ina donoM bhApAome vipula parimANameM granthokA praNayana kara hindIsAhityake lie upajAU kSetra taiyAra karanA jaina-lekhakoMkA hI kArya hai| bhale hI sakIrNatA aura sAmpradAyika mohame Akara itihAsa nirmAtA isa nama satyako svIkAra na kareM / sAhityakA anuzIlana pUrvokta prakaraNoMmeM kiyA jA cukA hai, ataH yahaoNpara samayakramAnusAra kaviyokI nAmAvalI dI jA rahI hai| ___ AThavIM zatAbdIme svayaMbhUdevane harivaMzapurANa, paumacariu (rAmAyaNa) aura svayambhU chanda; dazadhI zatAbdIme devasenane sAvayadhamma dohA puSpadantane mahApurANa, yazodhara carita aura nAgakumAra carita ; yogIndradevane paramAtmaprakAza dohA aura yogasAra dohA ; rAmasiMha munine dohApAhuDa evaM dhanapAla kavine bhavisayattakahA likhI hai / gyArahavIM zatAbdImeM kanakAmara munine karakaNDu carita ; jinadattasUrine cAcari, upadeza rasAyana aura kAlasvarUpa kulaka race haiN| bArahavIM zatAbdIme hemacandrasUrine prAkRta vyAkaraNa, chandonuzAsana, aura dezInAmamAlA Adi; harimanasUrine neminAtha carita; zAlibhadra sUrine bAhubalirAsa; somaprabhane kumArapAla pratibodha, jinapadma sUrine sthUlabhadra phAga aura vinayacandra sUrine neminAtha catuSpadikAkI racanA kI hai| 13 vIM zatAbdImeM rAsA anya aura kathAtmaka caupaI grantha race

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siMhAvalokana 209 gaye haiM / isa zatAbdIkai racayitAoMpara apabhragakA pUrA prabhAva hai / aneka kaviyo apabhraMza bhASAme bhI kAvyagranthoMkI racanA kI hai / yo to apabhraza sAhityakI paramparA 17vIM zatI taka calatI rahI, para isa zatAbdIke jaina svayitAone hindI bhASAmeM kAvya likhanA Arambha kara diyA thA / viSayakI dRSTise isa gatIke kAvyome hiMsApara ahiMsAkI aura DhAnavatApara' mAnavatAkI vijaya dikhalAneke lie paurANika caritoka raMga bharakara mahApuruSo ke carita varNita kiye gaye hai / kalAkArone kAvyakalAko rasa, alakAra aura sundara layapUrNa chanda tathA kavitto- dvArA alakRta kiyA hai| apabhrazake kalAkAroMme lakkhaNa kavikA aNuvrataratnapradIpa; ambadeva sUrikA samararAsa; aura rAjazekhara sUrikA upadezAmRta taragiNI aura neminAtha phAga prasiddha kAvya grantha haiM / hindI bhASAke kAvyome jambUsvAmI rAsA, revatagiri rAsA, neminAtha caupaI, upadezamAlA kathAnaka chappaya Adi kAvya pramukha haiM / yadyapi ina granthome kAvyatva alpa parimAName aura caritra tathA nIti adhika parimANa meM hai, to bhI hindI kAvya sAhityake vikAsako avagata karaneke lie inakA atyadhika mahattva hai / 14vIM zatAbdIma mAnavake AcArako unnata aura vyApaka banAneke lie saptakSetra rAsa, saghapati samarA rAsa aura kacchuli rAsA prabhRti pramukha racanAe~ likhI gayI hai| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrttine ArAdhanAsAra pratibodha, vijayabhadra yA udavantane gautama rAsA, jinaudaya guruke ziSya aura Thakkara mAlheke putra viNU ne jJAnapacamI caupaI aura dayAsAgara sUrine dharmadatta caritra racA hai| apabhraMza bhASAme mahAkavi rahadhUne pArzvapurANa, mahesara caritra, samyaktvaguNanidhAna, sukauzalacarita, karakaNDucarita, upadezaratnamAlA, Atmasambodha kAvya, puNyAsravakathA aura samyaktvakaumudIkI racanA kI hai / kAnyakI dRSTise rahadhUke grantha uccakoTike hai / kh "

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210 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana 16 vIM zatAbdI meM brahma ninadAsa yugapravartaka hI nahIM, yugAntarakArI kavi hue haiN| inhone AdipurANa, zreNika carita, samyaktvarAsa, yazodhara rAsa, dhanapAlarAsa, vratakathAkoza, dazalakSaNavrata kathA, solaha kAraNa, candanapAThI, mokSasatamI, nidIpa saptamI Adi mAnavatA ke pratiSThApaka grantha race / isI zatAbdImaM catummalane nImbara gIta banAyA aura dharmadAsane dharmopadeza zrAvakAcAra rcaa| hindI baina kAnyake vikAsake lie satrahavIM zatAbdI vizeSa mahatva kI hai| isa zatIma gadya aura padya donoMma sAhitya likhA gyaa| mahAkavi vanArasIdAsa, rUpacanda aura rAyamala jaise zreSTha kaviyoko utpanna karanekA gaurava isI zatIko hai / inake atirikta tribhuvanadAsa, hemavijaya, kuMvarapAla aura udayarAjapatikI racanAe~ bhI kama gauravapUrNa nahIM hai / gadya lekhako pANDe rAjamalla evaM akharAnakI racanAe~ pramukha mAnI jAtI haiN| rAjabhUSaNane loka nirAkaraNa rAsa, brahmavastune pArzvanAtha rAso; munikalyANa kIrtine holI pravandha; nayanasukhane meghamahotsava, harikalpane harikalyA rUpacandane paramArtha dohA zataka, paramArthagIta, pada sagraha, gIta paramArthI, paJcamaMgala, neminAtha rAmo; rAyamalane hanumanta kathA, pradyumna carita, sudarzana rAso, nidApa saptamIvana kathA, nemIzvara rAso, zrIpAla rAso, bhavigyadatta kathA; tribhuvanacandrane anityapaJcAzat , prAstAvika dohe, padvya varNana aura phuTakara kavitta; vanArasIdAsane banArasIvilAsa,, nATaka samayasAra, arddhakathAnaka aura nAmamAlA; kalyANadevane devarAna baccharAna caupaI; mAladevane bhonagravandha, purandarakumAra caupaI pANDe ninadAsane jambUcaritra, bAnasUryodaya; pANDe hemarAjane pravacanasAra TIkA, paMcAstikAya TIkA aura bhASA mattAmaraH vidyAkmalane bhagantI gItAH munilAvAyane rAvaNa-mandodarI saMgada; guNasUrine DholA mAgara; lUNasAgarane aJjanAsundarI saMvAda, mAnazikne mApA kavi rasa manarI; kezava

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siMhAvalokana dAsane janmaprakAzikA, jaTamalane bAvanI gorA bAdalakI bAta, prema bilAsa caupaI eva hasarAjane hasarAja nAmaka grantha likhA hai| 18vIM zatAbdIma hemane chanda mATikA; kaisarakIrtine nAmaratnAkara; vinayasAgarane anekArthanAmamAlA, kuMarakuzAlane lakhapata jayasindhu; mAnane sayoga dvAtriMzikA; kavi vinodane phuTakara padma, udayacandrane anUparasAla, udayarAjane vaidya virahaNi prabandhamAnasiMha vijayagacchane rAjavilAsaH suvuddhavijayane pratApasiMhakA guNa varNana; jagarUpane mAvadeva sUrirAsa; lakSmIvallabhane kAlajJAna, dharmasIne , uMbha kriyA; samarathane rasamaMjarI, rAmacandrane rAmavinoda, dIpacandrane vaidyasAra bAlatantrakI bhASA vacanikA ; jayadharmane zakuna pradIpa, rAmacandrane sAmudrika bhApA; nagarAjane sAmudrika bhASA lAlacandrane svarodaya bhASA TIkA, ratnazekharane ralaparIbhA; lakSmIcandrane AgarA gajala; khettalane udayapura gamala aura cittaur3a gajala, manarUpa vijayane zUnAgar3ha varNana, udayacandrane bIkAnera gajala, durgAdAsane bharoTa, kisanane kRSNA vAvanI, kezavane kezava vAvanI, jinaharpane jasarAja vAvanI aura lakSmIvallabhane hemarAjabAvanI nAmaka grantha likhe| isI zatAbdIme jinaharSane upadezachattIsI savaiyA maiyA bhagavatIdAsane brahmavilAsa; dhAnatarAyane upadezazataka, akSarI bAvanI, dharmavilAsa aura AgamavilAsa , paNDita ziromaNidAsane dharmasAra ; bulAkIdAsane mahAbhArata aura praznottara zrAvakAcAra: paNDita zyAmalAlne sAmAyika pATha vinodIlAlane zrIpAlacaritra ; paNDita lakSmIdAsane yazodharacaritra aura dharmapravodha , paDita zivalAlne carcAsAgara ; bhUdharadAsane jainazataka, pAvapurANa aura padasagraha ; Anandadhanane AnandabahattarI; yazovijayane jasavilAsa , vinayavijayane vinayavilAsa, kisanasiMhane kriyAkoza, bhadrabAhucaritra aura rAtribhojana kathA ; manoharalAlane dharmaparIkSA, bodharAja godIkAne samyaktvakaumudI; khuzAlacandra kAlAne harivaMzapurANa, padmapurANa aura uttarapurANa rupacandrane nATaka samayasArakI TIkA; pa0 daulatarAmane

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana harivaMzapurANakI vacanikA, padmapurANakI vacanikA, AdipurANakI vacanikA, paramAtmaprakAzakI vacanikA aura zrIpAlacaritrakI racanA kI hai| khaDagasenane tilokadarpaNa; jagatarAmane AgamavilAsa, samyattatvakaumudI, padmanandapaccIsI Adi aneka granthaH devIsiMhane upadezasiddhAnta ratnamAlA, jIvarAjane paramAtmAprakAzakI vacanikA; tArAcandane jJAnArNava, vizvabhUSaNa bhaTTArakane jinadattacaritra, harakhacandane zrIpAla caritra, binaragasUryane saubhAgyapaccIsI, dharmamandiragaNine prabodhacintAmaNi, isavijayayatine kalpasUtrakI TIkA, jJAnavijaya yatine malayacaritra eva lAbhavarddhanane upapadI granthoMkI racanA kI hai| 212 rated zatAbdImeM ToDaramalane gommaTasArakI vacanikA, trilokasArakI vacanikA, labdhisArakI baca nikA, kSapaNasArakI vacanikA aura AtmAnuzAsanakI vacanikA; jayacandrane sarvArthasiddhikI vacanikA, dravyasaMgrahakI vacanikA, svAmikArttikeyAnuprekSAkI vacanikA; AtmakhyAtisArakI vacanikA, parIkSAsukha vacanikA, devAgama vacanikA, aSTapAhuDakI vacanikA, jJAnArNavakI vacanikA aura bhaktAmarakI vaccanikA; vRndAvanalAlane vRndAvanavilAsa, caturviMzati cinapUjApATha aura tIsacaubIsI pUjApATha ; bhUdharamizrane puruSArthasiddhadhu pAya vacanikA aura carcAsamAdhAna; budhajanane tattvArthabodha, budhajana satasaI, paJcAstikAya bhASA aura budhajanavilAsa ; dIpacandane jJAnadarpaNa, anubhavaprakAza (gadya), anubhavavilAsa, AtmAvalokana, cidvilAsa, paramAtmapurANa, svarUpAnanda aura adhyAtmapaccIsI; jJAnasAra yA jJAnAnandane jJAnavilAsa aura samayataraGgaH raGgavijayane gajala: karpUravijaya yA cidAnandane svarodaya; Tekacandane tattvArthakI bhutasAgarI TIkAkI vacanikA ; nathamala bilAlAne jinaguNavilAsa, nAgakumAracarita, jIvandhara carita aura jambUsvAmI carita; DAlUrAmane gurUpadezazrAvakAcAra, samyaktvaprakAza aura aneka pUjAeN sevArAmane hanumaccaritra, zAntinAtha purANa aura bhaviSyadatta caritra; devIdAsane ;

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siMhAvalokana 213 paramAnandavilAsa, pravacanasAra, cidvilAsa vacanikA aura caubIsI pATha; mArAmallane cArudattacaritra , saptavyasana caritra, dAnakathA, zIlakathA, aura rAtribhojanakathA; gulAbarAyane zikhiravilAsa , thAnasiMhane subuddhiprakAza ; nandalAla chAvaDAne mUlAcArakI vacanikA; mannAlAla sAgAkara ne caritrasArakI vacanikA, manaraGgalAlne caubIsI pUjApATha, nemicandrikA, saptavyasana caritra, saptaRSipUjA, SaTkarmopadeza ratnamAlA, varAgacaritra, vimalanAthapurANa, gikhiravilAsa, samyaktvakaumudI, Agamazataka aura aneka pUjA grantha; cetanavijayane laghupiMgala, Atmabodha aura nAmamAlA; megharAjane chandaprakAza; udayacandane chanda prabandha; uttamacandane alakAra Azaya bhaDArI, bhamAkalyANane avaha caritra aura jambUkathA jJAnasAgarane bhAlA pigala, kAmoddIpana, pUravadeza varNana, canda caupAI samAlocanA aura nihAla bAvanI; mUlakacandane vaidya-hulAsa ; meghane meghavinoda aura meghamAlA; gagArAmane loliMba rAjabhASA, sUrataprakAga aura bhAvanidAna cainasukhadAsane zatazlokIkI mApA TIkA, rAmacandrane avapadizA zakunAvalI; tatvakumArane rala parIkSA guruvijayane kAparaDA; kalyANane giranAra siddhAcala gajala, bhakti vijayane bhAvanagara varNana gajala, manarUpane mer3atA varNana, porabandara aura sojAta varNana, raghupatine jainasAra bAvanI; nihAlne brahmavAvanI, cetanane adhyAtma vArAkhaDI, sevArAma zAhane cauvIsI pUjApATha, yati kugalacandra gaNine jinavANI sAra; harajasarAyane sAdhu guNamAlA aura devAdhidevastavana kSamAkalyANa pAThakane sAdhu pratikramaNa vidhi aura zrAvakapratikramaNa vidhi eva vijayakIrttine zreNikacaritrakI racanA kI hai| vikramakI 20 vIM zatIke Arambhame evaM I0 san kI 19vIM zatIke antame pa0 sadAsukhane ranakaraNDabhAvakAcArakI TIkA, arthaprakAzikA, samayasArakI TIkA, nitya pUjAkI TIkA aura akalakASTakakI TIkA; bhAgacandane jJAnasUryodaya, upadeza siddhAntaratnasAlA, amitagatizrAvakAcAra TIkA, pramANa parIkSA TIkA aura neminAtha purANa, daulatarAmane

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214 hindI-jaiga-sAhitya parizIlana -chahaDhAlA; muni AtmArAmane jaina tatvAdarza, tatvanirNaya prasAra aura ajJAnatimira bhAskara; yati zrIpAlacandrane sampradAya zikSA, campArAmane gautama parIkSA, vasunandI zrAvakAcAra TIkA, carcAsAgara aura yogasAra; chatrapatine dvAdazAnuprekSA, manamodana pacAsikA, udyamaprakAza aura zikSA pradhAna, jauharIlAlane padmanandipacaviMzatikAkI TIkA; nandarAmane yogasAra vacanikA, yazodharacaritra aura trilokasArapUjA; nAthUrAma dozIne sukumAla caritra, siddhipriya stotra, mahIpAla caritra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra TIkA, samAdhitantra TIkA, darzanasAra aura paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, pannAlAlane vidvajanabodhaka aura uttara purANa vacanikA; pArasadAsane jAnasUryovya aura sAra caturviMzatikAkI vacanikA; phatehalAlane vivAha paddhati, dazAvatAra nATaka, rAjavAtrtikAlakAra TIkA, ratnakaraNDa TIkA, tattvArthasUtra TIkA aura nyAyadIpikA vacanikA; bakhtAvaramala ratanalAlane jinadatta caritra, neminAtha purANa, candraprama purANa, bhaviSyadatta caritra, prItikara caritra, pradyumnacaritra, bratakathAkoza aura aneka pUjAe~; cidAnandane savaiyA bAvanI aura svarodaya, mannAlAla vainAr3Ane pradyumna caritra vacanikA; mahAcandrane mahApurANa aura sAmAyika pATha, mihiracandane sajjanacicavallabha padyAnuvAda, hIrAcanda amolakane pacapUjA, zivacandane nItivAkyAmRta TIkA, praznottara zrAvakAcAra aura tattvArthakI vacanikA; zivajIlAlane ratnakaraNDavacanikA, carcAsagraha, bodhasAra, adhyAtmataragiNI evaM svarUpacandane madanaparAjaya vacanikA aura trilokasAra TIkA Adi anthokI racanA kI hai| . IpI san kI 20vIM zatIme guru gopAladAsa varaiyA, bA. jainendrakizora, javAharalAla vaidya, mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna, bA0 sUrajabhAnu vakIla, paM0 pannAlAla vAkalIvAla, pa0 nAthUrAma premI, pa0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, satyabhakta paM0 darabArIlAla, arjunalAla seThI, lAlA muMzIlAlajI, bAbU dayAcanda goyalIya, mi0 vADIlAla motIlAla zAha, vra0 zItalaprasAda,

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siMhAvalokana 215 muni jinavijaya, bAbU mANikacanda, bAbU kanhaiyAlAla, pa0 darayAvasiMha sodhiyA, khUbacanda sodhiyA, nihAlakaraNa seThI, paM0 khUbacanda zAstrI, pa0 manoharalAla zAstrI, 50 kailAzacandra zAstrI, pa0 phUlacandra zAstrI, 10 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, muni zAntivijaya, muni kalyANavijaya, lAlA nyAmatasiha, sva0 bhagavatsvarUpa bhagavata, kavi guNabhadra AgAsa, kavi kalyANakumAra 'zazi', kRSNacandrAcArya, muni kantisAgara, agaracandra nAhaTA, vIrendrakumAra ema0e0, 50 lAlArAma zAstrI, pa0 makkhana lAla zAstrI, kavivara cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI, paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI, pro0 hIrAlAla, ema0 e0, pI0eca0DI0, 50 ke0 bhujavalI gAstrI, pro0 rAjakumAra sAhityAcArya, paM0 sukhalAla saghavI, paM0 ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya, vA. lakSmIcandajI, pa0 candAbAI, 50 bAlacandra ema0 e0, pro0 go0 khugAlacandra jaina ema0e0, paM0 darakhArIlAla nyAyAcArya, pro0 devendrakumAra, kavi pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pa0 bAlacandra zAstrI, vA0 choTelAla ema0 Ara0 e0 esa, paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, zrI mahendra rAjA ema0 e0, pRthvIrAja ema0 e0, pa. balabhadra nyAyatIrtha, DA0 nathamala TATiyA, zrI jainendrakumAra jaina, kavi tanmaya bukhAriyA, kavi hariprasAda 'hari, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kavi 'sudheza Adi sAhityakAra ullekha yogya haiN| isa prakAra hindI jaina sAhitya nirantara samRddhizAlI hotA jA rahA hai|

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pariziSTa katipaya grantharacayitAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya dharmasUri- inake gurukA nAma mahendrasUri thA / inhoMne savat 1266 me jambUsvAmI rAsAkI racanA kI hai| isa granthakI bhASA gujarAtIse prabhAvita hindI hai / pravandhakAvyake likhanekI zakti kavime vidyamAna hai / jambUsvAmIrAsAkI bhASAkA namUnA nimna prakAra hai / jiNa caucisa paya namevi gurucaraNa namedhi | jambUsvAmihiM rANUM cariya bhavita nisuNeSi // kari sAnidha sarasatti devi jIyarayaM kahANau / jaMbU svAmihiM (su) guNagahaNa saMkheci bakhANau // jaMbudIdhi siri bharahakhitti tihiM mayara pahANau | rAjagRha nAmeNa nayara pahucI vakkhANDa || vijayasena sUri- inake ziSya vastupAlamantrI the / vastupAlane saMvat 1288 ke lagabhaga giranArakA sagha nikAlA thA | vijayasena sUrine revanta girirAsAkI racanA isa yAtrA tathA isa yAtrAme girinAra para kiye gaye jINoddhArakA lekhAjokhA prastuta karaneke lie kI hai| isa granthakI mApA purAnI hindI hai, para gujarAtIkA prabhAva spaSTa hai| namUnA nimna prakAra hai paramesara titthesaraha payapaMkaja paNameci / bhaNisu rAsa revaMtagiri- avikadivi sumarevi // gAmAgara- purandhaya gahaNa sari-saravari-suparasu / devabhUmi dikhi pacchimaha maNaharu soraTha desu || vinayacandra sUri-saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAke marmajJa vidvAn

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pariziSTa 210 kavi vinayacandrasUri hai| inakA samaya vikrama saMvatkI terahavIM zatI hai / inake guru ratnasiha the| kavi vinayacandra satkRta, prAkRta aura hindI ina tIno hI bhASAoMme kavitA karate the| Apake dvArA hindI bhASAme 'naminAtha catuSpadikA' nAmaka 40 padyokA eka choTA-sA grantha tathA upadezamAlA kathAnaka chappaya 81 padyokA grantha upalabdha hai| neminAtha caupaIme prArammakA kucha caupAiyA~ nimna prakAra hai sohaga suMdara ghaNa lAvannu, sumaravi sAmiu sAmalavantu / sakhipati rAjala caDhi uttariya, bAra mAsa suNi jima bajariya // 1 // nemikumara sumaravi giranAra, siddhI rAnala kanna kumAri / zrAvaNi saravaNi kaDue mehu, gajai virahi rijhijjahu dehu // vijja jhavakkaha rakkhasi jeva, nemihi viNu sahi sahiyai keva / sakhI bhaNai sAmiNi mana ari, dujjaNa taNA manavaMchita pUri // gayeu nemi tau vinaThaDa kAi, achaha anerA varaha sayAi / amvadeva-yaha nagendragacchake AcArya pAsaDa sUrike ziSya the| inhoMne savat 1371 me saMghapati-samarArAsa nAmaka grantha likhA hai| aNahiralapura paTTanake osavAla zAha samarAsaghapatine savat 1371 meM zatruJjayatIrthakA uddhAra apAra dhana vyaya karake karAyA thaa| kavine isI itivRttako lekara isa rAsa granthakI racanA kI hai| bhASA rAjasthAnIkA pariskRtaspa hai| kavitAkA namUnA nimna prakAra hai vAliya saMkha asaMkha nAdi kAhala dudduddiyaa| ghor3e caDai sallArasAra rAuta sA~gar3iyA / tara devAlA jonivegi ghAghari khu kSamakkA / samavisama navi gaNai koi navi vAriu thkch| jinapadmasUri-inake pitAkA nAma AvAzAha aura pitAmahakA nAma lakSmIdhara thA / yaha khImaDa kulma utpanna hue the / savat 1389 meM

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218 hindI - jaina sAhitya- parizIlana jyeSTha zuklASTamI somavArako dhvajA, patAkA, toraNa, bandana mAlAdise alakRta AdIzvara jinAlaya me nAndisthApana vidhi sahita zrI sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa taruNa prabhAcAryane kharataragacchIya jinakuzala sUrike padapara inhe pratiSThita kiyA thA / zAha haripAlane saghabhakti aura gurubhaktike sAtha inhe yugapradhAnapada bar3e utsavake sAtha pradAna kiyA thA / inhIM AcAryane thUlibhadraphAgu caitramahIneme phAga khelane ke lie racA hai / kavitAkA namUnA nimna prakAra hai uha sohaga sundara rUpavaMtu guNamaNi bhaMDAro | kaMcaNa jisa jhalakaMta kaMti saMjama sirihAro // dhUlibhadra muNirAu jAma mahiyalI bohaMtara | nayararAya pADaliyA~ hi pahUtara viharaMtara // vijayabhadra --- inakA apara nAma udayavanta bhI milatA hai / inhoMne saMvat 1412 me gautamarAsa nAmaka grantha racA hai / kavitAkA namUnA nimna prakAra hai- jaMbUdIvi siramaraikhitti khoNItalamaMDaNU / magadhadesa seviya naresa riGa-dala-bala khaMDaNu // dhaNavara gubvara nAma gAsu jahiM guNagaNa sajjA / pippu base vasubhUha tastha jasu puhavI bhajjA ! IzvarasUri - IzvarasUrikai gurukA nAma zAntisUri thA / inhoMne mADalagar3ha ke bAdazAha gayAsuddInake putra nAsiruddIna ke samaya - vi0 sa0 1555 - 1569 me puMja mantrIkI prArthanAse sa0 1561 meM lalitAgacaritrakI racanA kI hai / inakI bhASA prAkRta aura apabhrA mizrita hai / kavitAkA namUnA nimna hai mahimahati mAlavadesa, dhaNa kaNayalacchi nivesa / tiha~ nayara ma~Davadugga, mahinavara jANa ki samga //

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pariziSTa 219 tiha atulabala guNavaMta, zrIgyAsasuta jayapaMta / samaratya sAhasadhIra, zrIpAtasAha nisIra / saMvegasundara upAdhyAya-inake gurukA nAma jayasundara thA tathA yaha bar3atapagacchake anuyAyI the | inhone savat 1548 me 'sArAvikhAvanarAsA' nAmaka upadezAtmaka granthakI racanA kI hai| isa granthame AcArAtmaka viSaya nirUpita hai| mahAkavi rahadhU-inake pitAmahakA nAma devarAya aura pitAkA nAma harisiMha tathA mAtAkA nAma vijayazrI thA / yaha padmAvatI puravAla jAtike the| ye gRhastha vidvAn the| kavikula tilaka, sukavi ityAdi inake vizeSaNa haiN| ye pratiSThAcArya bhI the| inhone apane jIvanakAlameM aneka mUrtiyoMkI pratiSThAe~ karAI thii| inake do bhAI the-bAhola aura mAhaNasiha / inake do guru the-brahmAzrIpAla aura bhahAraka yaza kiirti| bhaTTArakajIke AzIrvAdase iname kavitva zaktikA sphuraNa huA thA tathA brahAzrIpAlase vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| kavivara rahadhU gvAliyarake nivAsI the| inake samakAlIna rAjA DUMgarasiha, kIrtisiMha, bhaTTAraka guNakIrti, bhadhAraka yazakIrti, bhadhAraka malyakIrti aura mahAraka guNabhadra the| inakA samaya 15 vI gatIkA uttarArddha aura 16 vIM zatIkA pUrvArdha hai| inhone apanI samasta gcanAe~ gvAliyarake tomaravazI nareza DeMgarasiha aura unake putra kIrtisiMhake zAsanakAlmeM likhI haiN| ina donoM narezoMkA zAsanakAla vi0 sa0 1481 se vi0 sa0 1536 taka mAnA jAtA hai| kavine 'samyaktvaguNanidhAna'kA samAtikAla vi0 sa0 1492 bhAdrapada zuklA pUrNimA maMgalavAra diyA hai| isa granthako kavine tIna mahInomeM likhA thaa| sukauzalacaritakA samAptikAla vi0 sa0 1496 mAgha kRSNa dazamI batAyA gayA hai| mahAkavi raidhU apabhraza bhASAke rasasiddha kavi hai| ApakI racanAome kavitAke sabhI siddhAnta sanihita haiN| ApakI kRtiyoM kI eka

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220 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki inameM kAvyake sAtha prazastiyoMmeM itihAsa mI akita kiyA gayA hai | Apane apanI racanAeM prAyaH gvAliyara, dillI aura hisArake Asa-pAsame likhI hai| ataH uttara bhAratakI jaina janatAkA tatkAlIna itivRtta inameM pUrNarUpase vidyamAna hai| harivaMza purANakI Adya prazastime vatAyA gayA hai ki usa samaya sonAgirimaM madhAraka zubhacandra padArUr3ha hue the| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki gvAliyara bhaTTArakIya gaddIkA eka paTTa sonAgirima bhI thaa| 'sammaijinacariukI prazastima AThave tIrthakara candrapramakI vizAla mUrtike nirmANa kiye jAnekA ullekha hai / paMktiyA~ nimna prakAra hai : tAtammi ravaNi vaMbhavaya bhAra bhAreNa siri bhayakhAlaMka vaMsammi sAreNa / saMsAravaNu-bhoya-NiviNa cittaNa vara dhamma jhANAmaeNeSa vitteNa / khelhAhihANeNa garmiUNa guruteNa nasakitti viNayacca maMDiya guNoheNa / bho mayaNa dAggi ulhavaNa NaNaDhANa saMsArajalarAsi utcAra vara jANa / tumhaha pasAeNa bhava duha kayaMtassa sasipaha jiNedassa paDimA visudss| kArAviyA mahaMji gopAyale tugaM uDacAvi NAmeNa tithammi sui sNg| yazodharacarita aura puNyAsava kathAkozakI prazastimeM bhI aneka aitihAsika ullekha haiM / kavine apanI racanAoMme tatkAlIna jaina samAnakA mAnacitra dikhalAnekA AyAsa kiyA hai| inakI nimna racanAe~ prasiddha hai: samyaktvajinacarita, mevezvaracarita, tripaSTimahApurANa, siddhacakravidhi,

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pariziSTa 221 balabhadracarita, sudarzanazIlakathA, dhanyakumAracarita, harivApurANa, sukozalacarita, karakaNDucarita, siddhAntatarkasAra, upadezaratnamAlA, AtmasambodhakAvya, puNyAsavakathA, samyaktvakaumudI tathA pUjanoMkI jayamAlAe~ / inhone itanA adhika sAhitya racA hai, ki usake prakAzanamAtrase apabhraza sAhityakA bhANDAra bharA-pUrA dikhalAyI pdd'egaa| rUpacandakavi rUpacandajI AgarAke nivAsI the| ye mahAkavi banArasIdAsake samakAlIna hai| yaha rasasiddha kavi hai / inakI racanAe~ paramArtha dohA zataka, paramArtha gIta, padasagraha, gItaparamArthI, pacamaMgala eva neminAtharAso upalabdha hai | kavitAkA namUnA nimna prakAra hai apano pada na vicArake, maho jagatake rAya / bhavavana chAmaka ho rahe, zivapurasudhi visarAya // bhavavana bharamata hI tumha, vIto kAla anAdi / ava kina gharahiM saMdhAraI, kata dukha dekhata vAdi / parama atIndriya sukha suno, tumahi gayo sulajhAya / kinvita indriya sukha lage, vipayana rahe lubhAya / vipayana sevate bhaye, tRSNA te na vujhAya / jyoM jala khArA pIvate, vADhe tRpAdhikAya // pANDe rUpacanda-inhone sonagirima jagannAtha zrAvakake adhyayanake lie kavi banArasIdAsake nATaka samayasArapara hindITIkA sakt 1721meM likhI hai| anyakI mApA sundara aura prauDha hai| isa granthakI prazastise avagata hai ki yaha acche kavi the / inakI kavitAkA namUnA nimna haipRthvIpati vikramake rAna marajAda lInheM, satraha lai bIte parinu Apa rsmaiN|

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hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana AsU mAsa Adi dhauMsu saMpUrana grantha kInhoM, bAratika karikai udAra sasi maiM / jo pai yahu bhASA grantha sabada suvodha yA kau, Thau binu sampradAya nacai tava basa maiM / 222 yAtai gyAnalAbha jA~ti saMbaniko baina mAni, vAta rUpa grantha likhe mahAzAnta rasa maiM // 1 // rAjamalla - hindI jaina gadya lekhakomese sabase prAcIna gadya-lekhaka rAjamalla hai / inhone savat 1600 ke AsapAsa samayasArakI hindI TIkA 1 likhI thii| inakI isa TIkAse hI samayasAra adhyayana-adhyApanakA vipaya banA thA | mahAkavi banArasIdAsako inhIkI TIkAke AdhArapara nATaka samayasAra likhanekI preraNA prApta huI thI / pANDe jinadAsa - inhoMne brahma zAntidAsake pAsa zikSA prApta kI thI / yaha mathurAke nivAsI the / inhoMne savat 1642 me jambUsvAmI caritrako samApta kiyA thA / inakI eka anya racanA jogIrAso bhI upalabdha hai / kavitAkA namUnA nimna hai akavara pAtasAha ke rAja, 'kInI kathA dharmake kAja / bhUlyo bichUho acchara jahA~, paMDita gunI sadhAro tahA~ // karai dharma so TIkA sAha, ToDara suta gare sanAhu // ku~varapAla - mahAkavi banArasIdAsake ghaniSTha mitrome inakA sthAna thA | yukti-prabodhame batAyA gayA hai ki banArasIdAsane apanI zailIkA uttarAdhikAra inhIMko sauMpA thA / pADe hemarAjakI pravacanasAra TIkAme inako acchA jJAtA batalAyA gayA hai| banArasIdAsako sUktimuktAvalI me jo inake padya diye gaye haiM, unake AdhArapara inheM acchA kavi kahA jA sakatA hai / parama dharama ghana dahai, durita aMbara gati dhArahi / kuyaza dhUma udagare, bhUrimaya bhasma vidhArahi || A

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pariziSTa 223 dukhaphuliMga phukare, tarala tRSNA kala kADhahi / dhana iMdhana Agama saMjoga, dina-dina ati bAdahi // lahalahai soma pAvaka pravala, pavana moha uddhata bhai| dazahi udAratA Adi bahu, guNapataMga ku~varA khai|| pANDe hemarAja-vacanikAkAromai pANDe hemarAjakA nAma Adarake sAtha liyA jAtA hai| inakA samaya satrahavI zatIkA antabhAga aura aThArahavI zatIkA Arambhika bhAga hai| yaha paNDita rUpacandajIke ziSya the| inakI paoNca vacanikAe~ aura eka chandovaddha racanA upalabdha hai| vacanikAome pravacanasAra TIkA, paJcAstikAyaTIkA, bhASAbhattAmara, nayacakrakI kcanikA aura gommaTasAra vanikA hai| 'caurAsIvola' chandobaddha kAnya hai / pANDe hemarAja zreSTha kavi the| inhone zArdUlavikrIDita, chappaya aura savaiyA chandome sundara bhAvoMko abhivyakta kiyA hai| inake gadyakA udAharaNa nimna hai___"aise nAhI ki koI kAladravya pariNAma vinA hohi jAte pariNAma vinA dravya gadaheke sIMga samAna hai, jaise gorasake pariNAma dUdha, dahI, ena, taka ityAdi aneka hai, ini apane pariNAmani vinA gorasa judA na pAie jahA~ju pariNAma nAhIM vahA~ gorasakI sattA nAhIM taise hI pariNAma vinA danyakI sattA naahiiN| kavitAkA udAharaNa pralaya pavana kari uThI Agi jo tAsa paTatara / vamai phuliga zikhA utaga para jalai nirantara / jagata samasta nigala bhasma kara haigI maano| taDataDAta dava manala jora cahu~dizA utAno / so ika chinamai upazama, nAmanIra tuma let| hoi sarovara parinamai, vikasita kamala smet||

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana bulAkIdAsa- inakA janma AgarAmeM huA thA / Apa goyalagotrI agravAla the / inakA vyeka 'kasAvara' thaa| inake pUrvaja bayAne ( bharatapura) me rahate the| sAhu amarasI, premacandra, zramaNadAsa, nandalAla aura bulAkIdAsa yaha inakI vazaparamparA hai| zramaNadAsa bayAnA chor3akara AgarAmeM Akara basa gaye the / inake putra nandalAlako suyogya dekhakara paNDita hemarAjane apanI kanyAkA vivAha usake sAtha kiyA thA / isakA nAma jainI yA jainulade thA / isI jainIke garbhase bulAkIdAsakA janma huA thA / apanI mAtAke Adezase kavi bulAkIdAsane savat 1754 me apane granthakI samApti kI thI / kavitAkA namUnA nimna prakAra haisugunakI khAni kIdhauM sukRtakI vAni subha kIratikI dAni apakIrati kRpAni hai / svAratha vidhAni parasvArathakI rAjadhAnI, ramAhUkI rAni kIdhauM jainI jinavAni hai // dharamadharani bhava bharama harani kIdhauM asarana-sarani kIdhauM janani jahAni hai / hema sau ...pana sIlasAgara......mani, durita darani surasaritA samAni hai // kizanasiMha ---- yaha rAmapurake nivAsI saMgahI kalyANake pautra tathA AnandasiMhake putra the / inakI khaNDelavAla jaina jAti thI aura pATanI gotra thA / yaha rAmapura chor3akara sAgAnera Akara rahane lage the / inhoMne savat 1784 me kriyAko nAmaka chandobaddha grantha racA thA, jisakI lokasakhyA 2900 hai / isake alAvA bhadrabAhucarita savat 1785 aura rAtribhojanakathA savat 1773 me chandobaddha likhe haiM / inakI kavitA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| namUnA nimna hai 1 mAthura vasaMtarAya voharAMko paradhAna, saMgahI kalyANadAsa pATaNI bakhAniye / 224

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pariziSTa rAmapura vAsa nAkauM suta sukhadeva sudhI, tAkI suta kisnasiMha kavinAma jAniye || tirhi nisibhojana tyajana vrata kathA sunI, tAMkI kInIM caupAI subhagama pramANiye / bhUli cUki akSaradhara jau vAko budhajana, sodhi paDhi vInatI hamArI mani Aniye // 225 khaDagasena --- yaha lAhaura ke nivAsI the / inake pitAkA nAma lUNarAja thA / kavike pUrvaja pahale nAranotame rahA karate the / vahA~se Akara lAhora meM rahane lage the| inhone nAranolame bhI caturbhuja vairAgI ke pAsa aneka granthokA adhyayana kiyA thA / inhone savat 1713 me trilokadarpaNakI racanA sampUrNa kI thI / kavitA sAdhAraNa hI hai / udAharaNa vAgaDa deza mahA visatAra, nAranaula tahA~ nagara nivAsa | tahA~ kauma chattIsoM baseM, apane karama taNAM rasa lalai // zrAvaka basai parama guNavanta, nAma pApaDIvAla vasanta / saba bhAI mai paramita liye, mAnU sAha paramagaNa kiye / jisake do putra guNazvAsa, luNarAja ThAkurIdAsa / ThAkurasIke suta hai tIna, tinako jANoM parama pravIna / ghar3o putra dhanapAla pramANa, sohiladAsa mahAsukha jANa / rAmacanda - inhone 'sItAcarita' nAmaka eka vizAlakAya hanTIvaddha carita grantha likhA hai, isa granthakI lokasakhyA 3600 hai / yaha ravipeNake padmapurANake AdhArapara racA gayA hai| isake racanekA samaya 1713 hai / kavitA sAdhAraNa hai / kavikA upanAma 'candra' AyA hai| ziromaNidAsa - yaha kavi paNDita gagAdAsa ke ziSya the / bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtike upadezase saMvat 1732 meM dharmasAra nAmaka TohA caupAIbaDha grantha siharona nagarameM racA hai| isa nagarake zAsaka usa samaya rAjA 15

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226 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana devIsiMha the| isa pratyama kula 755 dohA caupAI haiN| racanA svatantra hai, kisakA anuvAda nahIM haiN| inakA eka anya anya siddhAntaziromaNi bhI batalAyA jAtA hai| manoharalAla yA manoharadAsa-yaha kavi dhAmapurake nivAsI the| Ara. sAhake yahA~ inakA Azrama thaa| seThake sambandhameM inhoMne manoraMjaka ghaTanA likhI hai| leThako daridratAke kAraNa vaha banArasase ayodhyA cale gaye, kintu vahaoNke seTane sammAna aura pracura sampattike sAtha vApasa lauTA TiyA / kabni hIrAmaNike upaTeza evaM AgarA nivAsI sAlivAhaNa, hisArake jagadattamila taNa usI nagarake rahanegale gaMgarAnake anurodha 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka anyakI racanA saMvat 1705 meM kI hai| kahIM-kahIM bahuta sundara hai| isa granthakA parimANa 3000 padya hai| kavine apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai| kavitA manohara khaMDelavAla sonI nAti, mRlasaMghI mUla nAko sAgAnera vAsa hai| karmake udayate dhAmapuramai basana bhayo, sabasauM milApa puni sananana dAsa hai| byAkaraNa chaMda alaMkAra kachu pabyau nAhiM, bhASA meM nipuna nuccha buddhi kA prakAsa hai| bAI dAhinI kachU samajhe saMtopa lIya, linI duhAI nA ninahI kI Asa haiN| jayasAgara yaha mAraka mahIcandraka ziSya the| gApAranagarake bhadhAraka zrI mallibhUSaNakI ziSyaparanparAse inakA sambandha th| inhoMne hU~bar3a nAmi zrIrAmA tathA usake putra adhyayanArtha 'sItAharaNa kAnyakI racanA saMnt 1732 meM kI hai| kavitA sAdhAraNa koTikI hai| mApA rAjasthAnI hai|

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pariziSTa rara7 khuzAlacanda kAlA--yaha kavi dehalIke nivAsI the| kabhIkabhI yaha sAgAnera bhI Akara rahA karate the| inake pitAkA nAma sundara aura mAtAkA nAma abhidhA thaa| inhone bhadhAraka lakSmIdAsake pAsa vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| inhoMne harivazapurANa savat 1780 me, padmapurANa savat 1783 meM, dhanyakumAra caritra, jambUcaritra aura vratakathAkogakI racanA kI hai| jodharAja godIkA-yaha sAgAnerake nivAsI hai| inake pitAkA nAma amararAja thaa| harinAma mizrake pAsa rahakara inhone prItikara caritra, kathAkopa, dharmasarovara, samyaktva kaumudI, pravacanasAra, bhAvadIpikA Adi racanAe~ likhI hai| kavitA imakI sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| namUnA nimna prakAra hai zrI sukharAma sakala guNa khAMna, vIjAmata sugacha nabha bhAna / ghasavA nAma nagara sukhadhAma, mUlavAsa jAnau amirAma / / mannodakake loga basAya, ghasuvA taje bharatapura mAya / jina mandirameM kiyo nivAsa, mUlavAsa jAnI abhirAma // labdharuci-purAnI hindIkI zailIme racanA karanevAle kavi labdhamaci hai| inhone savat 1713 me candananRparAsa nAmaka grantha likhA hai| inakI mApApara gujarAtIkA bhI paryApta prabhAva hai| lohaTa-kavi lohaTake pitAkA nAma dharma thaa| yaha vagheravAla the| yaha sabase choTe the| hIga aura sundara inake bar3e bhAI the| pahale yaha sAmarameM rahate the aura phira bUndIme Akara rahane lage the| kavike samayame rAva bhAvasihakA rAjya thaa| inhoMne bUndI nagara evaM vahA~ke rAjavaMzakA varNana kiyA hai| inhone yazodhara caritakA padyAnuvAda savat 1721 me samApta kiyA hai| brahmarAyamala yaha muni anantakIrtike ziSya the | jayapura rAjyake nivAsI the| inhoMne zoragar3ha, raNathambhora eva sAMgAnera Adi

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Ra hindI - jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana sthAnoMpara apanI racanAe~ likhI haiN| inakI nemIzvararAsa, hanumantakathA, pradyumnacaritra, sudarzanarAsa, zrIpAdarAsa aura bhaviSyadattakathA Adi racanAe~ pradhAna haiM / paM0 daulatarAma - basavA nivAsI prasiddha vacanikAkAra paM0 daulatarAmajIne hindI jaina gadya sAhityakA hI nahIM, apitu samasta hindI gadya sAhityakA bhApA kSetrameM mahAn upakAra kiyA hai / jayapurake mahArAjase inakA sneha thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki udayapura rAjyame kisI bar3e padapara yaha AsIna the / inake pitAkA nAma AnandarAma thA / inakI jAti khaNDelavAla aura gotra kAzalIvAla thA / inhone puNyAsavakathA koza, kriyAkoza, adhyAtmavArAkhar3I Adi granthoMkI racanA kI hai| AdipurANa (sa0 1824 ), harivaMza purANa (saM0 1829 ), padmapurANa (saM0 1823) paramAtmaprakAza aura zrIpAlacaritrakI vacanikAe~ inhI ke dvArA likhI gayI hai / paM0 ToDaramala - AcAryakalpa pa0 ToDaramalajI apane samaya ke vicAraka aura pratibhAzAlI vidvAn the / paNDitajI jayapurake nivAsI the / inake pitAkA nAma jogIdAsa aura mAtAkA nAma ramA yA lakSmI thA | ye bacapana se hI honahAra the / gUr3hase gUDha zaMkAokA samAdhAna inake pAsa hI milatA thA / inakI yogyatA evaM pratibhAkA jJAna, tatkAlIna sAghamI bhAI rAyamallane indradhvaja pUjAke nimantraNapatrame jo udvAra prakaTa kiye hai, unase spaSTa ho jAtA hai / ina uddvAroMko jyoMkA tyo diyA jA rahA hai| "yahA~ aNAM bhAvAM aura ghaNIM vAyAM ke vyAkaraNa va gommaTasAranIkI carcAkA jJAna pAie haiN| sArA hI viSai bhAInI ToDaramalajI ke jJAnakA kSayopazama alaukika hai, jo gommaTasArAdi granthoMkI sampUrNa lAkha zloka TIkA baNAI, aura pA~ca sAta granthAkI TIkA vaNAyavekA upAya hai / nyAya, vyAkaraNa, gaNita, chanda, alaMkArakA yadi jJAna pAiye hai /

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pariziSTa 229 aise puruSa mahanta buddhikA dhAraka IkAla viSai honA durlabha hai tAte yAsU mileM sarva sandeha dUri hoya hai| ghaNI likhavA kari kahA ApaNAM hetakA vAMchIka puruSa zIghra Apa yAMsU milApa karo" / paNDitajI jaise mahAn vidvAna the, vaise svabhAvake bar3e namra the / ahakAra unheM chU taka nahI gayA thA / inheM eka dArzanikakA mastiSka, dayAlu kA hRdaya, sAdhukA jIvana aura sainikakI dRr3hatA milI thI / inakI vANImeM itanA AkarSaNa thA ki nitya sahasroM vyakti inakA zAstrapravacana sunaneke lie ekatrita hote the / gRhastha hokara bhI gRhasthIme anurakta nahI rahe / apanI sAdhAraNa bhAjIvikA kara leneke bAda Apa zAstracintanameM rata rahate the / inakI pratibhA vilakSaNa thI, isakA eka pramANa yahI hai ki Apane kisIse binA par3he hI kannar3a lipikA abhyAsa kara liyA thA / inake janma saMvatme vivAda hai / paM0 devIdAsa godhAne inakA janma savat 1797 diyA hai, para vicAra karane para yaha ThIka nahI utaratA hai / mRtyu nizcita rUpase saMvat 1824 me huI thI / inheM AtatAyiyoM kA zikAra honA paDA thA / inakI vidvattA, vaktRtA eva jJAnakI mahattAkai kAraNa jayapura rAjyake katipaya IrSyAluone inake viruddha SaDyantra racA thA / phalataH rAjAne sabhI jainoko kaida karavAyA aura paDyantrakAriyo ke nirdezAnusAra inake katala karanekA Adeza diyA / isa ghaTanAkA nirUpaNa kavi bakhatarAmane apane buddhivilAsame nimna prakAra kiyA hai taba brAhmaNa mato yaha kiyo, ziva uThAna ko TonA diyo / tAme sabai zrAvagI kaida, karike daMDa kie nRpa pheMda 1 gura teraha paMthinu kau bhumI, ToDaramala nAma sAhimI / tAhi bhUpa mArayau palamAhi, gADhyo maddhi gaMdigo tAhi // paNDitajIkI kula 11 racanAe~ haiM, iname sAta TIkAgrantha, eka svatantragrantha, eka AdhyAtmikapatra, eka artha sadRSTi aura eka bhASA pUjA /

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230 hindI - jainasAhitya-parizIlana nimna granthoMkI TIkAe~ likhI hai| ye isa yugake sabase bar3e TIkAkAra, siddhAntamarmajJa aura alaukika vidvAn the / gommaTasAra [jIvakANDa ]- samyagjJAnacandrikA | yaha saMvat 1815 pUrNa huI / gommaTAra [karmakANDa ] labdhisAra--- pUrNa huii| "3 " yaha TIkA saMvat 1818 me kSapaNAsAravacanikA sarasa hai / trilokasAra --- isa TIkAmeM gaNitakI aneka upayogI aura vidvattApUrNa carcAe~ kI gayI hai / AtmAnuzAsana - yaha AdhyAtmika sarasa saMskRta grantha hai, isakI Tafter saMskRta TIkAke AdhAra para hai / purupArthasiddhyupAya - isa granthakI TIkA adhUrI hI raha gayI / arthasaMdRSTi - ise paDitajIne bar3e parizrama aura sAdhanAse likhA hai / gommaTasArAdi siddhAnta granthoMkA adhyayana kitanA vizAla thA, yaha isate spaSTa hotA hai / AdhyAtmikapatra ----yaha racanA rahasya pUrNa ciTTIkai nAmame prasiddha haiM aura vi0 saM0 1811 me likhI gayI hai| yaha eka AdhyAtmika racanA haiM / gommaTasArapUjA - gommaTasArakI TIkAke uparAnta isa pUjAkI racanA kI gayI hai / mokSamArga prakAza-yaha eka mahattvapUrNa dArzanika aura AvyAtmika grantha hai / isameM nau adhyAya haiM / jainAgamakA sAra rUpa hai / eka granthakai svAdhyAyase hI bahuta jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / TIkAkArake atirikta paMDitajI kavi bhI the / granthoke antameM bo pracastiyA~ dI haiM, unase inake kavihRdayakA bhI patA laga jAtA hai / labdhisArakI TIkAkai antameM apanA paricaya dete hue likhate haiM

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' pariziSTa - maiM ho jIva dravya nitya cetanA svarUpa mero, lagyo hai anAdi te kalaMka karma mala ko| pAhI ko nimitta pAya rAgAdika bhAva bhae, bhayo hai zarIrako milApa jaise khalako / rAgAdika bhAvanako pAyake nimitta puni, hota karmabandha aiso hai banAva klko| aise hI bhramata bhayo mAnuSa zarIra joga, bane to bane yahA~ upAya nija thalako / paM0 jayacanda-zrI paM0 ToDaramalajIke samakAlIna vidvAnoma paM0 jayacandanI chAvaDAkA nAma bhI Adarake sAtha liyA jAtA hai| Apa bhI jayapurake nivAsI the / prameyaratnamAlAkI vacanikAme likhA hai deza huDhAhara jayapura jahA~, suvasa valai nahiM duHkhI thaaN| nRpa jagateza nIti balavAna, tAke bar3e-bar3e paradhAna // prajA sukhI tinakai paratApa, kAhaka na vRthA saMtApa / apane apane mata sava cale, jaina dharma adhiko bhaleM / / tAmaiM teraha paMtha supaMtha, zailI bar3I gunI guna grantha / tAmeM maiM jayacandra sunAma, vaizya chAbar3A kahai sugAma // pa0 jayacandrajI bar3e hI nirabhimAnI, vidvAn aura kavi the| inakI saM0 1870 kI likhI huI eka padyAtmaka ciTThI vRndAvanavilAsame prakAzita hai| isase inakI pratimAkA sahaja hI parizAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI ToDaramalajIke samAna saMskRta aura prAkRta bhApAke vidvAn the / nyAya, adhyAtma aura sAhitya viSayapara inakA apUrva adhikAra thaa| inakI nimna 13 vacanikAe~ upalabdha haiM 1 sarvArthasiddhi vi0 sa0 1861 2 prameyaratnamAlA , 1863

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232 " 1867 " 1865 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana 3 dravyasaMgrahavacanikA , 1863 4 AtmakhyAtisamayasAra , 1864 5 svAmikArtikeyAnuprebhA , 1866 6 aSTapAhuDa 7 jJAnArNava 8 bhaktAmarastotra , 1870 9 AsamImAsA ___, 1886 10 sAmAyika pATha 11 patraparIkSA 12 matasamuccaya 13 candraprama dvitIya sarga mAtra bhUgharamizra-yaha kavi Agareke nikaTa zAhagaJjame rahate the| nAtike brAhmaNa the| inake gurukA nAma paNDita raMganAtha thA / purupArthasiddhyupAyake adhyayanase Apako jainadharmakI ruci utpanna huI thii| raMganAthase aneka anyokA adhyayana kiyA thaa| purupArthasiddhyupAyapara inakI eka vizada TIkA hai / isameM aneka jaina anyoMke pramANa uddhRta kiye gaye hai / yaha TIkA saMvat 1871 kI bhAdrakRSNA dazamIko samApta huI thii| carcAsamAdhAna nAmaka eka anya grantha bhI inake dvArA likhA huA milatA hai / inakI kavitAkA namUnA nimna hai namoM Adi karatA puruSa, AdinAtha arahaMta / dvividha dharmadAtAra ghura, mahimA atula ananta / svarga-bhUmi-pAtAlapati, japata nirantara nAma / jA prabhuke jasa haMsako, jaga piMjara vizrAma // dIpacanda kAzalIvAla yaha sAgAnerake nivAsI the, para pIche Amera Akara rahane lage the| inakA samaya anumAnataH 18vI zatIkA

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pariziSTa 233 uttarArdha hai / inakA adhyAtmajJAna evaM kavitvazakti uccakoTikI thI / yadyapi inakI bhASA haeNUr3hArI hai para ToDaramala, nayacandra Adi vidvAnokI bhASAkI apekSA sarasa aura sarala hai / aneka sthaloMpara bhASAkI tor3amaror3a bhI pAyI jAtI hai| cidvilAsa, AtmAvalokana, guNasthAnabheda, anubhavaprakAza, bhAvadIpikA evaM paramAtmapurANa Adi gadyameM tathA adhyAtmapaccIsI, dvAdazAnuprekSA, jJAnadarpaNa, svarUpAnanda, upadezasiddhAnta Adi padyame haiM / paramAtmapurANa maulika hai, isameM granthakArakI kalpanA aura pratibhAkA sarvatra prayoga dikhalAI par3atA hai| AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaramalajIne inake AtmAvalokanakA uddharaNa apanI rahasyapUrNa ciTTI me diyA hai| "jJAna anantazakti svasaMvedarUpa dhare lokAlokakA jAnanahAra ananta guNakauM jaaneN| satapara jAya satvIrya, sat prameya, sat anantaguNake ananta sad jAmai ananta mahimA nidhi jJAnarUpa jJAnaparaNati jJAnanArI jJAnaso mili paraNati jJAnakA aMga-aMga milate haiM jJAnakA rasAsvAda paraNati jJAnako le jJAna paraNatikA vilAsa kare / jAnanarUpa upayoga cetanA jJAnakI paraNati prakaTa karai / jo paraNati nArIkA vilAsa na hotA to jJAna apane jAnana lakSaNakau yathAratha na rAkhi sakatA" / -paramAtmapurANa kavitAkA udAharaNa - karama kalolana kI uThata jhakora bhArI, yA avikArIko na karata upAdha hai / kahu~ krodha kare kahu~ mahA abhimAna kareM, kahu~ mAyA pani lagyo lobha darayAva hai | kahu~ kAmavazi cAhi kareM ati kAmanIkI, kahu~ moha dhAraNA taiM hota mithyAbhAva hai|

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234 hindI - jaina-sAhitya- parizIlana aise to anAdi lIno svapara pichAni aba, sahaja samAdhi meM svarUpa darasAva hai // -upadezasiddhAntaratna paM0 DAlUrAma - yaha mAdhavarAjapura nivAsI agravAla the / inhone savat 1867 meM gurUpadeza zrAvakAcAra chandobaddha, savat 1871 meM samyaktvaprakAza aura aneka pUjA granthokI racanA kI hai / yaha acche kavi the| dohA, caupAI, savaiyA, paDhari, soraThA, aDilla, kuNDaliyA Adi vividha chandoke prayogame yaha kuzala haiN| eka namUnA dekhie jinake sumati jAgI, parasaGga rAgAdi bhAvana so bhoga soM bhayo virAgI; syAgI, jo puruSa tribhuvana me / jinakI rahana na bhajana raha kabahU~ jo sadaiva Apako vicAra saba tinake cikalatA na teI mokhamAragake sAdhaka kahAve jIva, nyArI, dhAma dhana meM // sudhA, kArpe kahU mnmeN| bhAve raho mandirameM bhAve raho vana meM // bhArAmala --- kavi bhArAmala pharrukhAbAdake nivAsI sigaI parazurAma ke putra the aura inakI jAti kharauA thI / inhoMne bhiNDa nagarame rahakara saMvat 1813 me cArucaritrakI racanA kI thI / saptavyasanacaritra, dAnakathA, zIlakathA aura rAtribhojanakathA bhI inakI chandobaddha racanAe~ haiM / kavitA sAdhAraNa koTikI hai / bakhatarAma - kavi bakhatarAma jayapura lazkarake nivAsI the / inake cAra putra the--jIvanarAma, sevArAma, khuzAlacandra aura gumAnIrAma | inakA samaya unnIsavI zatAbdIkA dvitIya pAda hai / inhoMne mithyAtva - khaNDana aura buddhivikAsa nAmaka do grantha race haiM / buddhivilAsake

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pariziSTa Arambhama kavine jayapurake rAjavazakA itihAsa likhA hai| savat 1991 meM musalamAnone jayapurame rAjya kiyA hai| isake pUrvake kaI hindU rAjavaMzekI nAmAvalI dI hai| isa granthakA vayaM viSaya vividha dhArmika viSaya, sagha, digambara paJcAvalI, bhaTTArakoM tathA khaNDelavAla jAtikI utpaci Adi hai| isa granthakI samApti kavivarane mArgazIrSa zuklA dvAdazI savat 1827 me kI hai| kavitAkA namUnA nimna hai-kavi rAjamahalakA varNana karatA huA kahatA hai - aMgana phari kela paravAta, manu race viraMci ju kari samAna / hai Ava salila sA tiha banAya, taha pragaTa parasa pratibiMva mAya // kabahU~ maNi mandira mA~jhi jAya, tiya dUjI lakhi pyArI risAya / tava mAnavatI lakhi priya hasAya, kara nori jora lehai vanAya / cidAnanda-yaha nispRhayogI aura AdhyAtmika santa the| svarazAstrake acche jAtA the| svarodaya nAmaka eka racanA inakI svarajJAna para upalabdha hai / yaha saMvat 1905 taka jIvita rahe the| inakI kavitA sarasa aura anubhava pUrNa hai / inakI kavitAkA namUnA nimna hai| cau lau tattva na sUjha par3e re tau lau mUDha bharamavaza mUlyau, mata mamatA gahi jagalauM laDere // Akara roga zubha kaMpa azubha lakha, bhavasAgara iNa bhAMti maDai re| dhAna kAja jima mUrakha khitahar3a, ukhara bhUmi ko kheta khre|| ucita rIta bho lakha bina cetana, niza dina khoTo ghATa ghahai re| mastaka mukuTa ucita maNi anupama, paga bhUSaNa pajJAna nhere|| kumatAvaza mana vakra turaga jima, gahi vikalpa maga mAhi ar3e re| 'cidAnanda' nijarUpa magana bhayA, tava kutarka tohi nAhiM gare raMgavijaya yaha kavi tapAgacchake the | inake gurukA nAma amRtavijaya thA / Apa AvyAtmika aura stutiparaka padyaracanAmeM pravINa haiN|

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.236 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana neminAtha aura rAjamatiko lakSyakara sarasa zRMgArika pada race hai| kavitA cubhatI huI hai| nimnapada paThanIya hai Avana derI yA horii| candramukhI rAjula sauM jaMpata, lyAu~ manAya pakara varanorI // phAguna ke dina dUra nahIM ava, kahA socata tU jiyameM morI // bA~ha pakara rAhA jo kahAvU, chA~I nA mukha mAhU rorI // saja zRMgAra sakala jaduvanitA, abIra gulAla lei bhara jhorii|| nemIsara saMga khelauM khilaunA, caMga mRdaMga ipha tAla ttkorii|| haiM prabhu samudravije ke chonA, tU hai ugrasena kI chorI // 'raMga' kahai amRta pada dAyaka, cirajIvahu yA juga juga jorI // Tekacanda-hindIkavacanikAkAromeM inakA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| TIkAkAra honeke sAtha yaha kavi bhI haiM / kathAkoza chandobaddha, budhaprakAza chandovaddha tathA kaI pUjAe~ padyabaddha hai| vacanikAoMme tattvArthakI zrutasAgarI TIkAkI vacanikA savat 1837 me aura sudRSTitaragiNIkI vacanikA savat 1838 meM likhI gayI hai| paTpAhuDakI kvanikA bhI inakI hai / kavitA inakI sAdhAraNa hI hai / gadyakA rUpa bhI dUDihArI hai / nathamala vilAlA-yaha kavi mUlataH AgarAke nivAsI the, para bAdame bharatapura aura antama hIrApura Akara rahane lage the| inake pitAkA nAma zobhAcanda thA / inhoMne bharatapurame mukharAmakI sahAyatAse siddhAntasAradIpakakA padyAnuvAda savat 1824 me likhA hai| yaha grantha vizAlakAya hai, zloka saMkhyA 7500 hai| bhaktAmarakI bhASA hIrApurame paNDita lAlacandajIkI sahAyatAse kI thii| inake atirikta jinaguNavilAsa, nAgakumAracarita, jIvandhara carita aura jambUsvAmI carita bhI inhIkI racanAe~ hai / inakA gadya paM0 TekacandajIke gadyakI apekSA kucha pariSkRta hai| kavitAke kSetrame sAdhAraNa hai|

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pariziSTa 230 paNDita sadAsukhadAsa-vikramakI vIsavIM zatIke vidvAnome paNDita sadAsukhadAsakA nAma prasiddha hai| yaha jayapurake nivAsI the| inake pitAkA nAma dulIcanda aura gotrakA nAma kAgalIvAla thA / yaha DeDarAja vazama utpanna hue the| arthaprakAzikAkI vacanikAme apanA paricaya dete hue likhA hai DeDharAja ke vaMza mA~hi ika kiMcit jJAtA / dulIcaMdakA putra kAzalIvAla vikhyAtA // nAma sadAsukha kaheM bhAlmasukhakA bahu icchuka / so jinavANI prasAda vipayata bhaye niricchuka // paNDita sadAsukhadAsajI bar3e hI adhyayanazIla the| Apa sadAcArI, Atmanirbhaya, adhyAtmarasika aura dhArmika laganake vyakti the| santopa Apama* kUTa-kUTakara bharA thaa| AjIvikAke lie thor3A-sA kArya kara leneke uparAnta Apa avyayana aura cintanama rata rahate the| paNDitajIke guru paM0 mannAlAlajI aura praguru paNDita jayacandajI chAvar3A the| ApakA jAna bhI anubhavake sAtha-sAtha vRddhiMgata hotA gayA / yadyapi Apa bIsapanthI AmnAyake anuyAyI the, para terahapanthI guruoke prabhAvake kAraNa Apa terahapanthako bhI puSTa karate the| vastutaH Apa samabhAvI the, kisI panthavizepakA moha ApameM nahIM thaa| Apake ziSyome paNDita pannAlAla saghI, nAthUrAma dozI aura paNDita pArasadAsa nigotyA pradhAna haiN| pArasadAsane 'zanasUryodaya nATaka' kI TIkAme ApakA paricaya dete hue Apake tvabhAva aura guNoMpara acchA prakAza DAlA hai / yahA~ kucha paktiyA~ uddhRta kI jAtI hai| laukika pravInA terApaMtha mAhi lInA, mithyAvRddhi kari chInA jina AtamaguNa cInA hai| pardai nau paDhAve mithyA alaraphU kasaiM, jJAnadAna deya jina mAraga baDhAe~ haiN|

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230 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana dIsai gharavAsI raheM gharahUtai udAsI, jina mAraga prakAzI jaga kIrata jagamAsI hai| kahA~ lau kahIne guNasAgara sukhadAsa jUke, jJAnAmRta pIya bahu mithyAbuddhi nAsI hai // zrI paNDita sadAsukhadAsake gArhasthya jIvanake sambandhame vizeSa jAnakArI prAsa nahIM hai / phira bhI itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki paNDitajIko eka hI putra thA, jisakA nAma gaNezIlAla thaa| yaha putra bhI pitAke anurUpa honahAra aura vidvAn thaa| para durbhAgyavaza bIsa varSakI avasthAme hI ikalaute putrakA viyoga ho jAnese paNDitajI para vipattikA pahAr3a TUTa par3A / saMsArI honeke kAraNa paNDitajI mI isa AghAtase vicalitase ho gaye / phalataH ajamera nivAsI svanAmadhanya seTha mUlacandajI sonIne inhe jayapurase ajamera bulA liyA / yahA~ Ane para inake duHkhakA uphAna kucha zAnta huaa| paNDita sadAsukhanIkI bhASA DhUMDhArI hone para bhI paNDita ToDaramalajI aura paNDita jayacandanIkI apekSA adhika pariSkRta aura khaDI bolIke nikaTa hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI prazastikI nimna paktiyA~ darzanIya hai| merA hita hone ko aura, dIkhai nAhiM jagata meM aur| yAteM bhagavati zaraNa ju gahI, maraNa ArAdhana pAU~ shii| he bhagavati tere parasAda, maraNasamai mati hohu viSAda / paMca paramaguru pada kari Dhoka, saMyama sahita lahU paraloka // inakA samAdhimaraNa saMvat 1923 me huA thA / paM0 bhAgacanda-bIsavI zatAbdIke gaNyamAnya vidvAnoM meM paM0 bhAgacandajIkA sthAna hai| Apa saskRta aura prAkRta bhASAke sAtha hindI bhASAke bhI marmajJa vidvAna the / gvAliyarake antargata IsAgaDhake nivAsI the| saskRtame Apane mahAvIrASTaka stotra racA hai| amitagati-zrAvakAcAra,

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pariziSTa 239 upadezasiddhAntaratnamAlA, pramANaparIkSA, neminAthapurANa aura jJAnasUryodayanATakakI vacanikAeN likhI hai| Apa osavAla jAtikai digambara matAnuyAyI the / inhone paDha bhI race haiN| hindI kavitA inakI uttama hai / padomeM rasa aura anubhUti chalachalAtI hai| kavi daulatarAma - kavi daulatarAma hindI ke una labdhapratiSTha kaviyome parigaNita haiM, jinake kAraNa mA~ bhAratIkA mastaka unnata huA hai / yaha hAtharasake rahanevAle the aura pallIvAla jAti ke the / inakA gotra gagITIvAla thA, para prAyaH loga inhe phatehapurI kahA karate the| inake pitAkA nAma ToDaramala thaa| inakA janma vikrama bhavat 1855 yA 1856 ke bIcame huA hai / kavike pitA do bhAI the, choTe bhAIkA nAma cunnIlAla thA / hAtha. rasame hI dono bhAI kapaDekA vyApAra karate the / kavi daulatarAmake dhvasurakA nAma cintAmaNi thA, yaha alIgar3ha ke nivAsI the / kavike sambandhama kahA jAtA hai ki yaha chIMTe chApanekA kAma karate the| jisa samaya chITa kA thAna chApaneke lie baiThate the, usa samaya caukIpara gommaTasAra, trilokasAra aura AtmAnuzAsana granthoko virAjamAna kara lete the aura chApane ke kAmake sAtha-sAtha 70-80 zloka yA gAthAe~ bhI kaNThAgra kara lete the / savat 1882 me mathurA nivAsI seTha manIrAmajI pa0 campAlAlajI ke sAtha hAtharasa Aye aura vahA~ ukta paDitajIko gommaTasArakA svAdhyAya karate dekhakara bahuta prasanna hue tathA apane sAtha mathurA livA le gaye / vahA~ kucha dina taka rahaneke uparAnta Apa sAsanI yA lakarame Akara rahane lage | kavike do putra hue; bar3he putrakA nAma lala TIkArAma hai, inake kAna Ajakala bhI lamkarame nivAsa karate haiM / inakI To racanAe~ prasiddha hai-- chahaTAlA aura padasagraha | chahaDhAlAne to kaviko amara banA diyA hai| bhAva, bhASA aura anubhUtikI dRSTise yaha racanA bejoDa hai /

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240 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana kaviko apanI mRtyukA parijJAna apane svargavAsake chaH dina pahale hI ho gayA thA / ataH unhone apane samasta kuTumbiyokoM ekatrita kara kahA"Ajase chaThe dina madhyAhnake pazcAt mai isa zarIrase nikalakara anya zarIra dhAraNa karU~gA" | sabase kSamA yAcanA kara savat 1923 mArgazIpaM kRSNa amAvAsyAko madhyAhname dehalIme inhoMne prANa tyAga kiyA thaa| ___ kavivarake samakAlIna vidvAnoMme ratnakaraNDake vacanikAke karttA pa0 sadAsukha, budhajanavilAsake kartA budhajana, tIsa-cauvIsIke kattI vRndAvana, candraprabha kAvyakI vacanikAke kartA tanasukhadAsa, prasiddha bhajana-racayitA bhAgacanda aura pa0 vakhatAvaramala Adi pramukha haiN| paM0 jagamohanadAsa aura paM0 parameSThI sahAya-yaha nissakoca svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki hindI jainasAhityakI zrIvRddhime khaNDelavAla aura agravAla jAtike vidvAnoMkA pramukha bhAga rahA hai| jayapura, AgarA, dillI aura gvAliyara hindI sAhityake race jAneke pramukha sthAna haiN| AgarA sadAse agravAlokA gar3ha rahA hai| yahaoNpara bhI samaya-samayapara vidvAn hote rahe, jinhone hindI jaina sAhityakI zrIvRddhime yoga diyA / ArA nivAsI pa0 parameSThI sahAya aura pa0 jagamohanadAsako hindI jaina sAhityake itihAsase pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / zrI pa0 parameSThIsahAyane 'arthaprakAzikA' nAmakI eka TIkA jagamohanadAsakI tattvArtha vipayaka jijJAsAkI zAntike lie likhI hai| isa granthakI prazastime batAyA gayA hai pUrava ika gaMgAtaTa dhAma, ati sundara mArA tisa naam| tAmaiM jina caityAlaya lasa, agravAla jainI bahu baseM / / bahu jJAtA tina meM ju rahAya, nAma tAsu prmesstthiishaay| jainagrantha ruci bahu kere, mithyA dharama na citta meM ghere| so taravArthasUtra kI, racI dhacanikA sAra / nAma ju artha prakAzikA, giNatI pA~ca hajAra //

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pariziSTa so bhejI jayapura vipaiM, nAma sadAsukha jAsa / so pUraNa gyAraha sahasa, kari bhejI tina pAsa // agravAla kula zrAvaka kIratacandra ju bhare mA~hi suvAsa / parameSThIsahAya tinake suta, pitA nikaTa kari zAstrAbhyAsa || kiyo anya nija parahita kAraNa, lakhi bahu ruci jagamohanadAsa / tatvAratha adhigamasu sadAsukha, dAsa cahU~ diza bhartha prakAza // isa prazastise spaSTa hai ki pa0 parameSThIsahAyake pitAkA nAma kIrticandra thaa| unhIM ke pAsa jainAgamakA adhyayana kiyA thA tathA apanI kRti arthaprakAzikAko jayapuranivAsI prasiddha vacanikAkAra paM0 sadAsukhanIke pAsa saMzodhanArtha bhejA thA / 241 paM0 nagamohanadAsa acche kavi the| inakI kavitAokA eka saMgraha 'dharmaratnodyota' nAmase sva0 pa0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlake sampAdakatvame prakAzita ho cukA hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki inakA janma savat 1865-70 honA cAhie; kyoMki pa0 sadAsukhajI inake samakAlIna haiN| aura sadAsukhajIkA janma saMvat 1852 meM huA thA / ataeva sadAsukhanIse kucha choTe honeke kAraNa paM0 jagamohanadAsakA janma savat 1865 aura mRtyu 1935 meM huI hai| parameSThIsahAyane arthaprakAzikAko savat 1914 me pUrNa kiyA hai| dharmaratnodyotakI antima prazasti nimna hai "mitI kArttika kRSNa 10 saMvat 1945 pothI dAna kiyA bAbU parameSThIsahAya bhAryAM jAnakI bIbI Areke paMcAyatI mandirajI maiM pothI dharmaratna grantha " / kavitAkI dRSTise pa0 jagamohanadAsakI racanAme zaithilya hai / chandobhaMgake sAtha pravAhakA bhI abhAva hai; para jainAgamakA sAra bhASAme avazya inakI racanAme upalabdha hogaa| chappaya, savaiyA, dohA, caupAI, gItikA Adi chandoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| 16

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hindI - jaina sAhitya-parizIlana jainendra kizora-nATakakAra aura kavike rUpame ArAnivAsI bAbU jainendrakizora prasiddha hai / inakA janma bhAdrapada zuklA aSTamI saMvat 1928 meM huA thA / inake pitAkA nAma bAbU nandakizora aura mAtAkA nAma kisamisadevI thA / yaha agravAla the / thArA nAgarI pracAriNI samAke saMsthApaka aura kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI samAke sadasya the / inhoMne aMgrejI aura urdUkI zikSA prApta kI thii| inameM kavitAkI zakti janmanAta thI / nau varSakI avasthAmeM inhone sammedazikharakI varNanAtmaka ntuti likhI thI / inhoMne apane sAhityaguru zrI kizorIlAla gotvAmIkI preraNAse hI 'bhAratavarSa' patrikAmaM sarvaprathama 'kenyAvihAra' nAmaka nATaka prakAzcita karAyA / upanyAsa aura nATaka racanekI yogyatA evaM urdU zAyarIkI pratibhA ina donoMkA maNikAJcana sayoga hindI kavitAke sAtha inake vyaktitvameM nihita thA / inake urdU zAyarIke guru maulavI 'phajala' the / muzAyaroMmeM inakI urdU zAyarIkI dhUma maca jAtI thI / inhoMne lekhaka aura kavike atirikta bhI apanI sarvatomukhI pratimAkai kAraNa 'jaina gajaTa' aura 'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' ke suyogya saMpAdaka, sAiAda vidyAlaya kAzI ke mantrI; 'hindI siddhAnta prakAza meM urdUkA itihAsa likhaneke pUrNa sahayogI evaM 'jaina yaMga esoziyezana ke zAntika mantrI Adike kAryabhArakA bahana bar3I saphalatA ke sAtha kiyA thaa| 242. ina kAryoMke atirikta Apane san 1897 meM 'haina nATakamaNDalI' kI sthApanA kI thI / kalikautuka, manoramga, aMjanA, zrIpAla, pracunna Adi Apake dvArA racita nATaka tathA somAratI, draupadI aura kRpaNadAsa Adi Apake dvArA likhita prahasanokA sundara abhinaya kaI bAra huA thA | upanyAsoM meM inakI ninna racanAe~ prasiddha haiM - 1. manoramA 2. kamalinI : sukumbala 4. gulenAra 5 durdana 6. manotratI / 0 zItalaprasAda brahmacArIjIkA janma san 1879 I0 meM 3

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hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana jainendrakizora - nATakakAra aura kavike rUpameM ArA nivAsI bAbU jainendrakizora prasiddha haiM / inakA janma bhAdrapada zuklA aSTamI saMvat 1928 meM huA thA / inake pitAkA nAma vAv nandakizora aura mAtAkA nAma kisamisadevI thA / yaha agravAla the| ArA nAgarI pracAriNI samAke saMsthApaka aura kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA ke sadasya the / inhoMne aMgrejI aura urdUkI zikSA prApta kI thI / inameM kavitAkI zakti janmajAta thI / nau varSakI avasthAme inhoMne sammeda zikharakI varNanAtmaka stuti likhI thii| inhone apane sAhityaguru zrI kizorIlAla gosvAmIkI preraNA se hI 'bhAratavarSa' patrikAmaM sarvaprathama 'vedhyAvihAra' nAmaka nATaka prakAzita karAyA / upanyAsa aura nATaka racanekI yogyatA evaM urdU zAyarIkI pratibhA ina donoMkA maNikAJcana sayoga hindI kavitAke sAtha inake vyaktitvame nihita thA / inake urdU zAyarIke guru maulavI 'phajala' the / muzAyaroMma inakI urdU zAyarIkI dhUma maca jAtI thI / inhoMne lekhaka aura kavike atirikta bhI apanI sarvatomukhI pratibhAke kAraNa 'jaina gajaTa' aura 'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' ke suyogya saMpAdaka, syAdvAda vidyAlaya kAzI ke mantrI; 'hindI siddhAnta prakAza meM urdUkA itihAsa likhaneke pUrNa sahayogI evaM 'jaina yaMga esoziyezana ke prAntika mantrI Adike kAryabhArakA vahana bar3I saphalatAke sAtha kiyA thA / ina kAryoMke atirikta Apane san 1897 me 'jaina nATakamaNDalI' kI sthApanA kI thI | kalikautuka, manoramA, ananA, zrIpAla, pradyumna Adi Apake dvArA racita nATaka tathA somAsatI, draupaTI aura kRpaNadAsa Adi Apake dvArA likhita prahasanoMkA sundara abhinaya kaI bAra huA thA / upanyAsoMmeM inakI nimna racanAe~ prasiddha haiM 2. manoramA 2. kamalinI 2 sukumAla 4. gulenAra 5. durjana 6. manovatI / 0 zItalaprasAda brahmacArIjIkA janma san 1879 I0 maM ? 242

Page #241
pariniTa 243 namana huA thaa| no pinArA nAma maparAnalAla aura mAtAkA nAga nAgaraNIdevI maa| nAna maMTigaganakI parIkSA uttIrNa kara pasAuTeraoNkI parIkSA uttIrNa kI bhii| Apa acchI sarakArI nAga parapara riti / 1904 dIgamenakI nihalI palI aura moTe mAyA sabhAmagA / matamaMdanAyo thApane caina jagAcApyArA mana kA gamAca namAnI gana to pAse hobhI, irr bhanimita minI ra bhAnanA aura balyatI ho gI| Te: 105 meM pApane pArI nokarIse lAgapatra de diyA aura gan 1955 meM mAlapara majana dhAraNa dIjinamitra zrI pAlanATaka malA pApa bhAga viracita dhAra anUdita 77 prajinA nibhAnA anugara nimna prakAra apAmaniyanika aura dhArmika 18, naitika 5, garimArinAra, bharaNAtmaka aura aitihAsika 6, gAgora, sitAraNa sAdila / prAcArIkI nikonA gaurava nimna kAraNa bhagata kI jA sakatI hai "janadharmake prati itanI gaharI lA, usake pramAra aura prabhAvanAke lienanA magita, samAjakI sthitima vyadhita hopara bhArata ke isa giraMge Tama mirasapha nRpa aura pyAkI amala yedanAko yaza kiye rAtadina jima enanA mutramaNa kiyA ho, bhAratama kyA koI dUmarA mpati milaMgA" . elapI mRgu nahI 10 pharavarI 1942 meM huii|

Page #242
anukramaNikA lekhaka evaM kavi 30 209, 210 tha akSayakumAra gaMgavAla akharAba akhayarAja zrImAla 42 agaracanda nAhaTA 132, 211 ajitakumAra zAstrI 145, 215 | uttamacanda ajitaprasAda ema. e. 140, 143 udayaguru ananvakIrti 121 | udayacandra anUpazamAM ema. e. udayarAja amarakalyANa amRtacanda 'sudhA' amRtalAla 'caMcala' ambadevari ayodhyAprasAda goyalI Azaya bhaMDArI 121, 14, 211 arjunalAla seThI 111, 149, 214 adAsa 42 indra ema. e. I Ivvaracandra kavi ho' 19 48 | udayarAjapati 37 | udayavanta kavi 37 | udayalAla kAzalIvAla 209 | umarAvasiMha 36, Lai RmadAsa kA RpramadAsa paMDita e e. ena. upAdhye A 224 ka AtmArAma muni Anandaghana kavi 189, 209,211 | kanakAmara duni 213 135 161 212 209 209, 212 209, 211 210 209 GP 142 132, 135 ra 121 208

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215 214 36 209 211 anukramaNikA kanhaiyAlAla kanhaiyAlAla mizra prabhAkara 143 | khaDgasena 212 kanhaiyAlAla bAbU khuzAlacandra kAlA 211 kamalAdevI khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA ema0 e0 karpUravijaya 212 121, 211 kalyANa | khUbacandra puSkala 36, 37, 161 kalyANakIti muni | khUbacanda zAstrI 211, 214 kalyANakumAra zazi' 35,37,211 khUbacanda sodhiyA 214 kalyANadeva 209 khettala kalyANavinaya muni 121, 210 kastUracanda kAgalovAla 135 | gaNapati goyalIya kAntisAgara muni 127, 211 | gaNezaprasAda varNI 137, 142 kAmatAprasAda 36, 121, 143 guNabhadra 121 kisana 211 guNabhadra AgAsa 35,36, 211 kisanasiMha guNasUri kunyukumArI vI0 e0 143 | gulAbarAya 212 kuzalacandra gaNi 212 gulAvarAya ema0 e0 143 hu~ara kuzAla gopAladAsa varaiyA 64, 142, 214 kuMvarapAla gaMgArAma 212 kaizava 211 ghAsIrAma candra kaisarakIti kailAzacandra zAstrI 121, 215 caturumala 210 kauzalprasAda jaina 143 candraprabhAdevI kRSNalAla varmA 81, 83, 85,87 / candAbAI viduSIratna 133, 211 samAkalyANa pAThaka 213 / campatarAya vairisTara 211 210 kezavadAsa 210 210 36

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.246 hindI-jaina-sAhitya parizIlana 212 37 campArAma 51, 214 jinasena AcArya 121 cidAnanda 214 | jinaharSa 211 cetanavijaya jIvarAja 212 cainasukhadAsa kavi jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra cainasukhadAsa 48 36,37, 121, 142, 214 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha 130,161 / jugamandiralAla jainI 142 215 / jainendrakizora 34, 57, 61, 107, 214 chatrapati 214 | jainendrakumAra 90, 107, 108, 136, 142 jagatarAma 212 jodharAja godIkA jagadIzacandra ema.e.DI.liTa 80 jauharIlAla jagamohanadAsa jauharIlAla zAha jagamohanalAla zAstrI jyotiprasAda ema. e. jaTamala 211 jJAnacandra khatantra jagarUpa 211 jJAnavijaya yati * jamanAlAla sAhityarata jJAnasAgara 212 jayakIrti 122 jAnAnanda jayacandra 49, 212 jayadharma 211 | Tekacanda javAharalAla vaidya 214 ToDaramala jinadatta sUri 208 jinadAsa 209 ThakkaramAlhe jinapadmasUri 208 DAlarAma 212 jinavijaya muni 121, 214 jinaraMga sUri 222 ' tasvakumAra 222 48, 212

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210 121 201 anukramaNikA 247 sanmaya bukhAriyA 37, 143 | daulatarAma 45, 183, 196, 209 tArAcanda | daulatarAma 'mitra' 143 tilakavijaya muni dyAnatarAya 167, 196, 209 tribhuvanacandra 210 tribhuvanadAsa dhanapAla 208 tribhuvana svayambhU | dhanaJjaya 122 dharmadAsa 48, 210 thAnasiMha dharmamandiragaNi 212 dharmasI dayAcanda goyalIya 142, 214 darabArIlAla nyAyAcArya 131,215 / nathamala vilAlA darakhArIlAla satyabhakta 37, 135, nandarAma nandalAla chAvaDe dariyAvasiMha sodhiyA 214 nayanasukha 183 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 131, 211 nAgarAja 211 dIpaka kavi nyAmatasiMha 115, 211 dIpacandra 48, / nAtharAma premI 36,108,110,121, TIpacandra kAsalIvAla 142, 143, 214 dugAdAsa nAthUrAma dogI 51, 214 devanandI 122 nAthUrAma sAhityarala 132, 135 devasena sUri nihAla 212 devasena nihAlakaraNa seThI devIdAsa 212 212 pannAlAla vasanta devendrakumAra ema. e. 135, 211 / pannAlAla caudharI devendraprasAda kumAra 142 | pannAlAla pUnevAle 20 213 devIsiMha

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248 pannAlAla bAkalIvAla 142, 214 | viddhaNU pannAlAla sAhityAcArya 36, 132, pannAlAla sAgAkara paramAnanda zAstrI parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha pANDe jinadAsa pArasadAsa puSpadanta AcArya pugpadanta kavi pUjyapAda AcArya pRthvIrAja ema0 e0 prabhAcanda AcArya pha hindI - jaina- sAhitya-parizIlana 215 212 | bulAkIdAsa phatahalAla 214 phUlacandra zAstrI 130, 135, 215 bAlacandra zAstrI bAcandrAcArya 132, 134 bha 135 | bhagavatsvarUpa 'bhagavat' 36, 99, 210 100, 101, 102, 117, 211 52, 214 | bhagavatIdAsa bhaiyA 122, 164, 121 183, 196, 119, 202, 209 146 bhagavAnadIna 133, 143, 214 122 | bhaktivijaya 212 135 | bhAgacanda kavi 183, 196, 212 121 bhAgamala zarmA 88 bhujavaTI zAstrI 121, 211 bhUdharadAsa 47, 158, 161, 183, 209 bhUvara mizra 212 209 budhajana kavi 183, 196, 999, 212 209 tha vakhtAramala ratanalAla vanavArIlAla syAdvAdI banArasIdAsa 41, 122, 158,167, manarUpa 214 143 valabhadra nyAyatIrtha 135 bAlacandra jaina ema0 e0 25,37, 93, 94, 95, 96,97,98, 211 ma makkhanalAla zAstrI 205, 210 | manarUpavijaya manaraMgalAla kavi mannAlAla bainAr3A manoharalAla zAstrI 215 | mahAcandra 21 | mahAvIraprasAda 215 212 211 156, 212 52, 214 214 214 142

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40 210 209 211 214 anukramaNikA 249 mahAsena 122 / rAjakumAra sAhityAcArya 36, 79, mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya 102, 132, 215 130, 215 rAjabhUSaNa 209 mAIdayAla 143 rAjamala pANDeya mANikalAla 214 | rAjamalla mAnakavi rAjokhara sUri mAladeva rAmacandra mAnaziva rAmanAtha pAThaka 'praNayI' mAnasiMha rAmamala 210 mihiracanda rAmasiha muni 208 munirAja vidyAvijaya 76 / rAhulajI 146 munilAvaNya 210 | rUpacanda pANDeya 44, 196, 210 muMzIlAla 214 ragavijaya mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA 135 mUlacanda vatsala 35,89,132,212 lakkhaNa kavi 208 meSacanda 213 lakSmaNaprasAda prazAnta' megharAja lakSmIcanda ema0 e0 36, 37, motIlAla 134, 215 lakSmIdAsa 209 lakSmIvallabha yogIndradeva lAmavarddhana 212 lAlacandra rAdhU 209 lAlArAma zAstrI raghupati 213 / lUNa sari raghuvIrazaraNa ralazekhara 213 yagovijaya 135 vAgma

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250 hindI - jaina- sAhitya - parizIlana vAdIbhasiMha vijayakIrtti vijayabhadra 209 vidyAkamala 210 vidyArthI narendra 135 vinayacandra sUri 147, 207 vinayavijaya 210 vinayasAgara 211 vinodIlAla 211 vimaladAsa kaundeya ema0 e0 135 vimalasUri 121 bimbabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka 212 vIrendrakumAra ema0 e0 36, 68, 161, 211 ra 167 212 117 135 vRndAvanadAsa vRndAvanalAla kizoranArAyaNa vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya 231, za zAntivijaya zAntisvarUpa zAlibhadra sUri ziromaNidAsa zivacandra zivajIlAla zivalAla 122 | zItalaprasAda brahAcArI 212 | zobhAcandra bhArilla zyAmalAla zrIcandra ema. e. zrIpAlacandra sakalakIrtti sadAsukhalAla samantabhadra sukhalAla sudarzana subuddhavijaya 210 51, 212 121 121, 211 113 211 sumeracandra eDavokeTa 143 sumeracandra kauzala 37 sUrajabhAna vakIla 133, 142, 214 143 36 212 208 121, 208 214 saMghavI sUrajamala sUryamAna DaoNgI sevArAma somaprabha svayambhU svarUpacanda 211 36 ha 208 | hajArIprasAda dvivedI 209 | haranAtha dvivedI haricandra 214 36 209 37 214 52, 214 52, 214 haribhadra sUri 210 | harSa kravi 80 143 122 208 211

Page #249
anukramaNikA 210 | hemacandra sUri 214 | hemarAja hIrAlAla ema. e. DI. liT hemarAja pANDe 121, 211 | hemavijaya atree kAzIvAla 142 | isarAja hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI 132,211 | hasavijaya yati hIrakalaza hIrAcaMda amolaka 251 208 43 209 186, 210 211 212

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granthoMkI anukramaNikA 36 107 209 | alakAra Azaya masarI 213 akalaMka nATaka avapadizA zakunAvalI 213 akalaMkASTakakI TIkA 212 aSTapAhuDa vacanikA akSarabAvanI 209 abanAnATaka 113 ajasambodhana ajanApavanamaya azAta jIvana 140 | ajanAsundarI azAnatimiramAskara 214 aMjanAsundarIsaMvAda 212 aNuvrataratnapradIpa aMbaDacaritra 213 adhyAtmataraGgiNI vAcanikA 52 adhyAtmapaccIsI 212 AgamavilAsa 209, 212 adhyAtmabArAkhaDI 213 | AgarA gajala anantamatI 35 / AcArya zAntisAgara zraddhAJjali anityapaJcAzat 210 anya anugAminI 101 AThakarmanI ekasauATha prakRti 47 anumavaprakAza 44 AtmakhyAti vacanikA anubhavavilAsa 212 / Atmabodha nAmamAlA 212 anUparasAla 211 / AtmasamarpaNa anekArthanAmamAlA 211 | Atmasambodhana kAvya 209 anyatva | AtmAnuzAsana vacanikA 49 amitagatizrAvakAcArakI TIkA 212 AdipurANa arthaprakAzikA 51, 212 AdipurANa vanikA 146, 210 arddhakathAnaka 210 / AnandabahattarI 209

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ArAdhanA kathAkoza ArAvAsAra pratibodha i iSTopadeza TIkA u uttarapurANakI bacanikA udayapura gajala udyamaprakAza upadeza chattIsI savaiyA upadezamAlA upadezaratnamAlA upadezazataka upadeza siddhAntamAlA upadezAmRta taraMgiNI upAdAnanimittakI ciTThI ka kathAnaka chappaya kamalabhI kamalinI karakaNDucarita kalpasUtrakI TIkA kalikautuka kAmoddIpana kAlajJAna kAlasvarUpakulaka anukramaNikA 79 | kumArapAla pratibodha kRpaNadAsa 209 kRSNabAvanI 48 kezavabAvanI kriyAkoza kSapaNAsAra vacanikA ga 51,209,215 211 | garIba 214 guNavijaya 211 | giranArasiddhAcala gajala 208 | gItaparamArthI 209 | guNasthAnabheda 209 | gurUpadeza zrAvakAcAra 213 | gommaTasArabhASA 209 | gorAvAdaLakI bAta 41 | gautamaparIkSA gautamarAsA 209 115 caturdazaguNasthAna 61 candacaupAI samAlocanA 208 | candanaSaSThikathA 212 caritrasArakI vacanikA 107 carcAsamAdhAna 213 | carcAsAgara 211 carcAsAgara vacanikA 208 | carcAsaMgraha 253 208 108 211 211 209 46 44 212 43,49,212 209 51,214 209 110 212 213 201 kara 213 210 212 47, 212 209,214 51 52

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25 212 209 209 hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana cArudattacaritra 212 / jainasAra vAvanI cittaur3a gajala 211 jJAnadarpaNa cidvilAsa 44 jJAnapacamI caupaI cidvilAsa vacanikA 212 / jJAnaprakAza 212 cIradraupadI 107 jJAnavilAsa 212 cauvIsIpATha 212 jJAnArNava vanikA 49, 212 jJAnasUryodaya nATaka 52, 108, chandaprakAza 212, 214 chandaprabandha 212 chandamAlikA jhUnAgar3ha varNana chandonuzAsana DholasAgara 210 chahadAlA tattvanirNaya 214 janmapramAthikA 211 (tattvArthakI zrutasAgarI nambUkathA / TIkAkI vacanikA 212 jambUsvAmI carita 210 tattyArthavoSa 212 209 / tatvArthasAra jambUsvAmI rAsA tattvArthasUtrakA mApya jasarAja bAvanI | tattvArtha sUtrakI vacanikA 52 jasavilAsa tiloka darpaNa 212 jinaguNavilAsa 51, 212 tIrthakara gItasagraha jinavANIsAra 213 tIsa caubIsI 212 jIvandharacarita 209, 212 214 trilokasAra pUjA jaina jAgaraNake agradUta 141 | trilokasAra vacanikA 49, 214 jainatatvAdarza 214 jainazataka 209 / darzanasAra vacanikA 52 AN jambUcaritra 211 212 38

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dazalakSaNatratakathA dAnakathA devagaDha kAvya devarAja baccharAja caupaI devAgamastotra vacanikA devAdhidevastavana dezInAmamAlA dohApAhuDa dravyasaMgraha vacanikA dvAdazAnuprebhA dhanapAlarAsa dharmaratnodyota dharmavilAsa dharmasAra dharmopadeza zrAvakAcAra anukramaNikA 210 | nirdoSatamI kathA 212 | nihAlAnI 35 nItivAkyAmRta 210 nemicandrikA 49 neminAtha caupaI 212 | neminAtha catuSpAdikA 208 | neminAthacarita 208 neminAtha phAga 39 neminAtha rAso 214 | nemIzvara gIta nATaka samayasAra nAmamALA nAmaratnAkara nityapUjAkI TIkA 210 paumacariu 34 padasaMgraha 209 padmapurANa vacanikA 209 padmananda paccIsI 210 padmanandi pacaviMzatikAkI na ararat vacanikA nAgakumAra carita 207, 208, nATaka samayasAra para hindI gadyameM TIkA vacanikA 43 paramAtmaprakAzakI vacanikA 212 | paramArthagIta paramAnanda vilAsa 44 paramArthadohA zataka 210 | paramArthavacana 210, 212 | parIkSAmukha vacanikA 211 pArzvanAtha rAso 212 | pArzvapurANa * 255 210 213 52 212 210 208 208 209 210 210 207 211 45, 209 212 51, 214 208, 212 210 212 210 41 49 210 209

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208 209 213 213 212 211 210 212 144 209 23 213 256 hindI-jaina sAhitya parizIlana puNyAsavakathAkoza 45, 209 / vAhubalI purandarakumAra caupaI 210 bAhubalirAsa puruSArtha siddhyupAya vacanikA 212 | bIkAnera gajala pUravadeza varNana budhajanavilAsa porabandara varNana 212 budhajana satasaI paMcapUjA 214 | vaidyavirahaNi pravandha pacamagala vaidyahulAsa pacarana 35 / bodhasAra vacanikA pacAstikAya TIkA 33, 212 0pa0 candAbAI. pANDavapurANa abhinandana grantha pratApasiMha guNavarNana 211 brahmavastu pratiphalana brahmabAvanI pradyumnacarita 35, 117, 210, brahmavilAsa 214 bRhatkathAkoza prabodhacintAmaNi 212 pramANaparIkSAkI TIkA 212 bhagavatI gItA pravacanasAra TIkA 43, 212 | bhajana navaratna praznottarI zrAvakAcAra bhaktAmara mApA praznottara zrAvakAcAra 209 bhadrabAhucaritra prastAvika dohe bhaviSyadatta kathA prAkRta vyAkaraNa 208 bhaviSyadatta carita prAcInagurjara kAvyasaMgraha bhavisayatta kahA premI-abhinandana-grantha 211 bhAvadeva sUrirAsa bhAvanagara varNana gajala banArasIvilAsa 210 bhAvanidAna bAvanI gorAbAdalakI bAta 211 / bhASA kavirasa maMjarI 210 210 52 ___43, 49 209 210 51, 212 208 211 213 213 210

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anukramaNikA 257 211 24 mona prabandha 210 | yazodhararAsa 210 yogasAra vacanikA 208, 214 madanaparAjaya vacanikA 214 yogasAra dohA 208 manamodana paMcAsikA manoramA ratnakaraNDabhAvakAcArakI manoramAsundarI 107 vacanikA 51, 212 manovatI ratnaparIkSA 211, 212 malayacaritra 212 ralendu mahAbhArata 211 / rasamajarI 211 mahApurANa 208, 210, 214 rAnavilAsa mahAsatI sItAkI kahAnI 83 mahIpAlcaritra rAtribhojana kathA 209, 212 mahendrakumAra rANIsulasA mahesara caritra rAmarasa 108 mAnavI rAmavanavAsa mAlapiMgala rAmavinoda 211 muktidUta rAvaNamandodarI saMvAda mUlAcArako vacanikA rUpasundarIkI kathA meghamAlA revantagirirAsA meghavinoda 212 meghamahotsava lakhapatajayasindhu mer3atA varNana laghupiMgala merI jIvana gAthA 137 labdhisAra vacanikA merI bhAvanA lokanirAkaraNarAsa mozasakSamI 21. lolimvarAjabhASA 76 212 88 212 200 210 212 37 yazodhara carita 51, 208, 214 | vacanabattIsI

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117 sa 87 212 24 209 212 24 210 212 208 250 hindI-jaina sAhitya-parizIlana varAgacaritra 212 / zreNikacarita 210, 212 varNI-abhinandana-prantha 144 varddhamAna kAvya SaTkarmopadezamAlA 212 varddhamAna mahAvIra vasunandI zrAvakAcAra vacanikA | satI damayantIko kathA 41, 45, 51, 214 | satyavatI vimalanAthapurANa saptaRpipUjA 212 virAga saptakSetra rAsa vidvajanabodhaka 214 saptavyasana carita vIratAkI kasauTI samayataraMga vratakathAkoza samayasArakI TIkA 40, 212 za samararAsa zakunapradIpa sAmpradAyika zikSA zatakumArI samyaktvakaumudI kathA sagraha 78 zatazlokakI bhApATIkA 212 | samyaktvakaumudI zAkaTAyana 122 samyaktvaguNanidhAna 209 zAntinAthapurANa 212 samyaktvaprakAza 212 zimA pradhAna 214 samyaktvarAsa 210 zikhiravilAsa sarvArthasiddhivacanikA zivasundarI 211 sAdhu guNamAlA 212 zIlakathA 212 | sAdhupratikramaNa vidhi zrAvaka pratikramaNa vidhi 212 sAmAyika pATha 214 zrAvakAcAra dohA sAmudrika bhASA 211 zrIpAla caritra 107, 212 sAracaturviMzatikAkI zrIpAla rAso / vacanikA 52, 214 208 zrutasAgarI vacanikA 212 sAvayadhammadohA 211 214 212 49 213 212 210

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2pa0 211 anukramaNikA 51, 61 / tvarodaya gApATIkA 209 svayambhU chanda 21. svAmikArtikeyAnaprekSAkI vacanikA 208 210 hanumaccaritra suSumAlacarita sukaugalcarita sudAna rAso mudadidilArA surasundarIkathA gIlA carataprakAza mojAtavarNana solahakAraNa kathA saubhAgya paccIsI sadhapati samarArAsa saMyoga dvAtrizikA sthUlabhadra phAga 213 209 210 212 hanumantakayA harivaMzapurANa 210 horakalA hukmacanda abhinandanapraya hemarAja vAvanI holIprabandha 208 | hasarAja 211 211 210

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OKOIOIO jJAnapIThake surucipUrNa hindI prakAzana aitihAsika dArzanika, AdhyAtmika, dhArmika 1. bhAratIya vicAradhArA 2. adhyAtma-padAvalI 3. kundakundAcAryake tIna rana 2) 4. vaidika sAhitya 2) 4) 5. jaina zAsana [Di.saM.] upanyAsa, kahAniyA~ 6. muktidUta [upanyAsa ] 7. saMparka vADha 8. gahare pAnI paiMTa 9. AkAza tAre : dharatI phUTa 2) 10. pahalA kahAnIkAra 11. khela-khilaune zu Ding 14. varddhammana [mahAkAvya ] 15. milana yAminI 16. dhUpake dhana 17. mere bApU 28. paMcapradIpa 19. Adhunika jaina kavi saMsmaraNa, rekhAcitra 20. hamAre ArAdhya 12. atIta kaMpana 13. dina kholA tina pAiyA~ za kavitA 21. saMsmaraNa 22. rekhAcitra 23. jaina nAgaraNa ke agradUta zAyarI 2|| Dao | 5 SIDIOOK 26. khambaharokA caimava 28. cAlukya kugaraNaka 27. khonakI pagaDaNDiyA~ 29. kAlidAsakA bhArata [Dho mAga] 8) 30. hindI - jaina-sAhityakA saM0 itihAsa za 31. hindI - jaina- sAhitya parizIlana [bhAga 1, 2] 5) jyotipa a 4) 4] 32. bhAratIya jyotiSa y 33. kevalajJAnaprabhacUDAmaNi 4) 34. karalakkhaNa 6) J 2) D 3 | 41. reDiyo - nAvya- cilla 3) | 42. caratUke nArIpAtra fafer 35. dvivedI patrAvalI 36. jindagI musakarAI 37. raktaraTisa [nATaka] 38. dhvani aura saMgIta 220 39. hindU vivAha meM kanyAdAnakA tyAna 1) 40. jJAnagaMgA [cUktiyA~ ] 24. zero-zAyarI [dvi.saM.] 8) | 45. kyA maiM andara 25. choro mukhana [cA bhAga ] 201 OIDIIOIIIIIIIII 6) 2) 4ll 43. saMskRta sAhitya meM Ayurveda 3) 44. aura khAI bar3hatI gaI 2|| A sakatA hU~ ? 2

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