Sramana 1999 10

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525039/1

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WOT SRAMANA svarNajayantI varSa akTUbara-disambara 1999 I. vArANasI raghubhagavaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI

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amA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA paM0 zrI amRtalAla zAstrI sammAnArtha vizeSAMka varSa 50, aMka 10-12 akTUbara-disambara 1999 - pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' parAmarzadAtA prophesara sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka ___ atithi sampAdaka DaoN0 zivaprasAda DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina prakAzanArtha lekha-sAmagrI, samAcAra, vijJApana evaM sadasyatA Adi ke lie samparka kareM sampAdaka zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI.TI.AI. mArga, karauMdI po.A.-bI.eca.yU. vArANasI-221005 (u.pra.) dUrabhASa : 316521, 318046 phaiksa : 0542-318046 ISSN 0972-1002 vArSika sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru. 150.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru. 100.00 isa aMka kA mUlya : ru. 25.00 AjIvana sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru.1000.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru. 500.00 noTa : sadasyatA zulka kA ceka yA DrAphTa kevala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nAma se hI bheje| -

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sampAdakIya nayI zatAbdI kA praveza dvAra kucha hI dinoM meM hama nayI zatAbdI meM praveza karane jA rahe haiN| abhI hama dehalI para khar3e hue haiM jahA~ se pichale varSa aura AgAmI varSa kI hamArI gatividhiyoM kA pratibimbana ho sakatA hai| yaha pratibimbana svaccha aura niSpakSa ho to hamAre mUlyAMkana meM bhI vahI svacchatA aura niSpakSatA A skegii| hamArA deza adhyAtmikatA kA pujArI rahA hai, tyAga-tapasyA usameM mukharita hotI rahI hai| RSiyoM, muniyoM aura santoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA deza ke saMcAlana meM bhI rahI hai| phira bhI jahA~-tahA~ svArthavaza unakA apamAna bhI hotA rahA hai| abhI 28 agasta 1999 ko sirohI jile ke rohiDA grAma (rAjasthAna) meM eka vicitra ghaTanA ghttii| vahA~ anopa maNDala dvArA AdivAsI samAja meM yaha duSpracAra kiyA gayA ki jaina sAdhuoM ne varSA ko bAMdha rakhA hai| unake mantra-tantra ke prabhAva se varSA nahIM ho pA rahI hai| isakA phala yaha huA ki vahA~ virAjamAn AcAryazrI padmasUri jI Adi sAdhu-santoM ko mArane ke lie eka jabardasta bhIr3a umar3a pdd'ii| sAdhu-santoM ko to bacA liyA gayA para AdivAsiyoM ke kopa kA bhAjana bananA par3A jaina mandiroM ko, jahA~ ki mUrtiyoM Adi ko tor3a-phor3a diyA gyaa| pulisa ke hastakSepa se kisI taraha bhIr3a para kAbU kiyA jA skaa| jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM para kiyA gayA hamalA koI nayI bAta nahIM hai| aisI ghaTanAyeM prAyaH hotI rahI haiN| ina ghaTanAoM meM rAjanIti aura vaiyaktikatA ke svara adhika mukharita hote haiN| rAjanIti ke akhAr3e meM dharma kA apamAna karanA koI Ter3hI khIra bhI nahIM hai| dharma ko vahA~ zastra banAkara calAyA jAtA hai aura apane svArtha kI pUrti kara lI jAtI hai| bhArata jaise dharmaprANa deza meM isa prakAra kI ghaTanAyeM ghaTanA sahaja nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina samAja ahiMsApriya samAja hai| usane kabhI bhI hiMsA ko apanA zastra nahIM bnaayaa| nirarthaka vivAdoM se dUra rahakara vaha sArthakatA kI ora apanA kadama bar3hAtA rahA hai / vyartha ke ADambaroM se dUra rahakara use janadharma kI ora vizeSa

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dhyAna denA cAhie sAtha hI sAdhu samAja kA bhI kartavya hai ki vaha apane Apa ko sAdhanA taka hI sImita rkhe| saMsArikatA ke pacar3e meM na par3akara AtmakalyANa para hI adhika jora de| __ kucha samaya pahale samAcAra patroM meM yaha samAcAra prakAzita huA ki eka digambara muni zivikA meM baiThakara bhaTTAraka banane ke lie nikala pdd'e| donoM do pRthak pRthak dizAyeM haiN| muni bhaTTAraka ke sAtha jur3a jAyeM to vaha eka abhinava dizA hI hogii| maThAdhIzatva ko sAmane rakhakara kucha parivartana ke sAtha bhaTTAraka prathA kA prArambha huA thaa| samaya kI vaha mAMga thii| Aja bhI hai| jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhaTTArakoM kA viziSTa yogadAna rahA hai| para muni paramparA kA usase jur3anA ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna mAdhyamoM se yaha sUcanA milI hai ki vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga dvArA lI jAne vAlI neTa parIkSA se prAkRta bhASA kI eka svatantra viSaya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA samApta kara dI gaI hai aura use anya viSayoM ke sAtha saMlagna kara diyA gayA hai jisase isa viSaya kA adhyayana karane vAle vidyArthiyoM kA bhaviSya ( andhakAra meM par3a gayA hai| Ayoga kA yaha nirNaya atyanta durbhAgyapUrNa hai| Ayoga ke adhyakSa pro0 harigautama se hama sabhI prAkRta premiyoM kA anurodha hai ki prAkRta bhASA ke neTa parIkSA ke antargata eka svatantra viSaya ke rUpa meM pUrvavat mAnyatA pradAna karane kI kRpA kreN| bIsavIM zatAbdI jainadharma ke lie kalyANaparaka rahI hai| jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke kSetra meM jo anupama yogadAna diyA hai usakA lekhA-jokhA isI zatAbdI meM adhika huA hai| andhakAra se prakAza kI ora bar3hane kA upakrama bhI isI zatAbdI kI dena hai| 18-19vIM zatAbdI meM hamArI gatimattA meM kucha kamI AyI thii| yaha hamAre jaina samAja ke hI sAtha nahIM thA, balki samagra bhAratIya samAja usa yugIna paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| bAda meM 20vIM zatI meM saMskRta adhyApana paramparA kA vikAsa huaa| jaina samAja meM bhI sarvazrI gaNeza prasAda varNI aura vijayadharmasUri jaise mahAtmAoM ne vibhinna saMskRta vidyAlayoM kI sthApana kI aura unase prajJAcakSa paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, becaradAsa dozI, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, paM0 darabArI lAla P koThiyA jaise prAcIna paramparAgata zAstroM meM niSNAta vidvAn nikle| ina vidvAnoM

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meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, kannar3a Adi bhASAoM meM likhita prAcIna jaina sAhitya aura paramparA ko prakAza meM lAne kA bharapUra prayatna kiyA / yaha unake hI zrama kA phala hai ki Aja jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti jainetara sAhitya aura saMskRti ke sAtha sazakta sthiti ko lekara baiThI huI hai| kAladoSa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa aura samAja kI saMkIrNatA ke sAtha hI dUradRSTi ke abhAva ke kAraNa prAcIna paNDita paramparA kI akSuNNatA khatare meM par3a gaI hai / Aja vidvAnoM meM talasparzitA kA abhAva ho rahA hai jo paNDita paramparA ke sAtha thii| dasa varSa ke bAda to sthiti aisI AyegI ki bacI-khucI paramparA bhI dekhane nahIM milegii| ---- prAcIna paramparA se jur3e hue eka aura vyaktitva hamAre sAmane haiN| ve haiMzrI paM0 zrI amRtalAla zAstrI, vArANasI / svaccha dhulI huI dhotI para raMgIna kurtA. tejasvI cehare para sunaharA cazmA, cazme ke bhItara A~khoM se TapakatA sneha kA phauvvArA, cappala meM sajI gati meM ajIba phurtI, bolane meM utsAha aura vyavahAra meM mRdutA aura kartavyaparAyaNatA ke sAtha saMkoca se dabA vyaktitva | bundelakhaNDa kI mATI kI saugandha lekara gaMgA kI pavitra dhArA meM avagAhana karane kI pratijJA liye paM0 jI ne vArANasI ko san 1934 meM apanA dhAma bnaayaa| gaMgA ke kinAre khar3e uttuMga mAnasa liye svAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya ke praveza ne zAstrI aura AcArya karAyA aura apane hI pustakAlaya kI goda meM rakhakara adhyApana kArya sauMpa diyaa| unake madhura svabhAva ne chAtroM ke bIca unheM 'zAstrI jI' banA diyA / adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti zAstrI jI ko sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya le gayI jahA~ ve lagabhaga do dazaka taka jaina darzana par3hAte rahe aura vahA~ se nivRtta hone para brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM ne Apako Amantrita kara liyaa| vahA~ bhI unhoMne bIsa basanta gujaare| unakI isa dIrgha adhyApana-paramparA meM zisyoM kI eka dIrgha zRGkhalA khar3I ho gii| mujhe bhI unakA ziSya hone kA saubhAgya prApta hai| Aja ve apane jIvana ke sandhyAkAla meM khar3e hu haiM / bahuta sArI smRtiyoM ke pulinde unake sAtha jur3e hue haiN| zarIra ne apanA prabhAva avazya dikhAyA hai para unakI smRti abhI bhI pUrvavat hai / unake saMsmaraNoM ko yadi ekatrita kiyA jAye to lagabhaga pUrI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina samAja kA citraNa sAmane A

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jaayegaa| vizeSa rUpa se jaina adhyayana paramparA ke katipaya vilupta adhyAya prakAza meM A skeNge| julAI 1999 meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada kA kAryabhAra samhAlate hI mujhe yaha smaraNa dilAyA gayA ki vidyApITha kI zikSA pariSad ne kAphI pahale yaha prastAva pArita kiyA thA ki zramaNa kA eka aMka zrI paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI ke abhinandana ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jAye / tadanusAra prastuta aMka unheM samarpita hai| paM0 jI kI agAdha vidvattA, saralatA aura madhuratA unake zarIra ko nirAmaya banAye rakhe aura ve zatAyu hoN| isI zubhakAmanA ke sAtha hamArA samUcA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha saMsthAna unakA hArdika abhinandana karatA hai| saMsthAna kI traimAsika gatividhiyoM ke sandarbha meM Apako 'vidyApITha parisara' vAle prapatra se jAnakArI mila jAyegI jo isI aMka meM prakAzita hai| hamArA prayatna hai ki saMsthAna apanI zaikSaNika dizA meM uttarottara bar3hatA rahe aura samAja ko bhI apane sAtha jor3atA rhe| samAja se bhI nivedana hai ki vaha saMsthAna ke hara vikAsa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detA rhe| usake yogadAna meM hI saMsthAna kI pragati hai| chAtrAvAsa, chAtravRttiyA~, prakAzana, zramaNa kI sadasyatA Adi aneka sandarbha haiM jahA~ samAja apanA Arthika sahayoga de sakatA hai aura apane parivAra kI smRti banAye rakha sakatA hai| etadartha icchuka vyakti saMsthAna se samparka kara sakate haiN| nayI zatAbdI meM vaha apanI pahacAna aura bhI teja kara sake isake lie sabhI kA sahayoga apekSita hai| prophesara bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' pradhAna sampAdaka

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OM55 9 viSaya-sUcI hindI-saMskRta khaNDa 1. jaina alaGkAra sAhitya 1-11 2. vAgbhaTAlaGkAra 12-17 3. bhaTTAkaladeva racita tattvArthavArtika 18-24 AcArya ajitasena aura unakI amarakRti 'alaGkAracintAmaNiH' 25-31 candraprabhacarita aura mahAkavi vIranandI 32-71 6. mahAkavi arhadAsa aura unakI racanAe~ 72-75 7. kAvya-kalpalatA aura kavi-kalpalatA 76-77 8. bhaktAmara stotra : eka vivecana 78-87 tattvasaMsiddhi aura usakI vayanikA : eka vivecana 88-97 10. neminirvANa : eka adhyayana 98-105 11. apratihata zakti bhagavAna mahAvIra 106-112 12. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena 113-115 13. kAzI ke katipaya aitihAsika tathya 116-118 14. atizaya kSetra paurA 119-125 15. bhojana aura usakA samaya 122-124 16. upakArI pazuoM kI yaha durdazA! 125-128 17. mahAn 129 18. pUjya zrI tulasI gaNI 129-130 19. zrImuditamuni : abhinandanapatram 130-131 20. abhinandana patram : sAdhvI pramukhA zrIkanakaprabhA 131-132 21. paM. amRtalAla jI zAstrI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM 133-140 gujarAtI khaMDa 22. zrI paMcAsarA pAzvanAtha maMdira viSenA keTalAka aitihAsika ullekho 141-148 - prA. bhogIlAla ja sAMDesarA 23. gujarAtanuM prathama ItihAsakAvya - prA0 jayanta e. ThAkara 149-157 aMgrejI khaNDa 4. Bandha-Karma-Moksa and Divinity in Jainism 158-169 - Dr. Mukul Raj Mehta 25. vidyApITha ke parisara meM 170-176 26. jaina jagat 177-181 27. sAhitya-satkAra 182-191 28. saMsthAna ke vikAsa meM sahayoga kA AhvAna 192-193 Composed at : Sarita Computers. Aurangabad, Varanasi, Ph.No. 359521

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jaina alaGkAra sAhitya jaina sAhitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se hI alaMkAroM kA prayoga hotA calA A rahA hai| 'NiddosaM sAramaMtaM ca heujuttamalaMkiyaM' ityAdi anuyogadvAra sUtra ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna yuga ke jaina AcArya alaMkArazAstra kI paribhASAoM se paricita the| vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM jaina AcArya zrI samantabhadra ne apanI kRti 'stutividyA' meM- jisakA apara nAma 'jinazatakam' hai-- Adi se anta taka 'citra' alaMkAra kA upayoga kiyA hai| ___ jaina sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai| abhI taka isakA pUrA prakAzana nahIM ho sakA to yadi parA jaina sAhitya prakAzita ho jAve to vaha bhAratIya sAhitya ke Adhe bhAga ke barAbara hogaa| jaina sAhitya kI bhASA alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hai, ata: usake marma ko samajhane ke liye alaMkArazAstroM kA parijJAna nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isI kI pUrti ke liye aneka jaina AcAryoM ne mahattvapUrNa alaMkAra granthoM kI racanA kii| prathamata: jaina vidvAnoM ne alaMkAra granthoM kI racanA prAkRtabhASA meM kii| jaisalamera-bhaNDAra kI grantha-sUcI se patA calatA hai ki kisI jaina vidvAn ne prAkRta bhASA meM 'alaMkAra darpaNa' (saM0 1161) nAmaka grantha racA thA, jo abhI taka prakAzita nahIM huaa| abhI taka jitane jaina alaMkAra grantha prakAzita hue haiM, unameM nimnalikhita grantha bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM- vAgbhaTAlaMkAra (12vIM zatI), kAvyAnuzAsana-hemacandra (12vIM zatI), kAvyakalpalatAvRtti (13vIM zatI), alaMkAramahodadhi (13vIM zatI), nATyadarpaNa (13vIM zatI), alaMkAracintAmaNi (14vIM zatI), kAvyAnuzAsana-vAgbhaTa (14vIM zatI) aura kAvyAlaMkArasAra (15vIM shtii)| ___ vAgbhaTAlaMkAra- vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke praNetA zrI vAgbhaTTa haiN| inake pitA kA nAma 'soma' thA aura ye aNahillapATana (gujarAta) ke rAjA zrI jayasiMha- jo rAjA karNadeva ke putra the-- ke mantrI the| isakA ullekha siMhadevagaNi ne 'baMbhaMDa' ityAdi caturtha pariccheda ke 148veM zloka kI vyAkhyA karate hue vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA meM kiyA hai| prabhAcandra *. AcAryabhikSusmRti grantha se saabhaar| *. yaha grantha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA prakAzita ho rahA hai|

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2 ne apane 'prabhAvakacarita' meM bhI yaha bAta kahI hai| jayasiMha kA nizcita samaya bArahavI zatI hai, ataH vAgbhaTTa kA bhI samaya bArahavIM zatI hai| ye AcArya hemacandra ke samakAlIna haiN| isakA paricaya vistAra se anyatra diyA gayA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana - kAvyAnuzAsana ke praNetA AcArya hemacandra (11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0) haiN| ye jaina samAja ke hI nahIM, balki bhAratIya samAja ke bhUSaNa the| nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, chanda, alaMkAra, purANa aura koSa Adi sabhI viSayoM para inakA samAna adhikAra thA aura sabhI viSayoM para unhoMne prAmANika grantha race haiN| inhoMne kula milAkara sAr3he tIna karor3a zloka pramANa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| inake sAhitya meM nimnalikhita grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM pramANamImAMsA, siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, dvayAzrayamahAkAvya, chandonuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, abhidhAnacintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, dezInAmamAlA, vItarAgastotra aura yogazAstra Adi / vAgbhaTa ne bhAmaha, daNDI aura rudraTa kI taraha apanA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra zlokoM meM racA thA, kintu hemacandra ne apanA grantha- kAvyAnuzAsana vAmana kI taraha sUtra - zailI meM rcaa| kAvyAnuzAsana meM ATha adhyAya haiM, jinameM kula milAkara 208 sUtra haiN| sUtroM meM alaMkAra zAstra sambandhI- kavizikSA, alaMkAra, rasa, dhvani, guNa, doSa aura sAtha hI nATakIya tattvoM para vizad prakAza DAlA hai| apane sUtroM para alaMkAra cUr3AmaNi nAmaka vRtti aura vizeSa bAtoM ko samajhAne ke liye 'viveka' kI racanA bhI svayaM hemacandra ne kI hai| alaMkAra Adi siddhAnta ko puSTa karane ke liye 'viveka' meM 600 se Upara tathA 'alaMkAracUr3AmaNi' meM 700 se Upara padya uddhRta kiye haiN| udAharaNoM kA cayana hemacandra ne niSpakSa dRSTi se kiyA hai| isIlie kAvyAnuzAsana meM hemacandrAcArya ne jaina granthoM ke sAtha jainetara granthoM se bhI udAharaNa liye haiN| vizeSatA - AcArya hemacandra ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana meM kAvyaprakAza. dhvanyAloka aura kAvyamImAMsA Adi granthoM se adhika viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| inakI dRSTi se jo kamI pUrvavartI sAhitya meM raha gayI thI, use inhoMne kAvyAnuzAsana meM pUrA kara diyaa| kAvyaprakAza meM mammaTa ne nATakIya tattvoM para tanika bhI prakAza nahIM DAlA, jabaki hemacandra ne isake liye kAvyAnuzAsana meM eka aura kAvyaprakAza se adhika viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dhvanyAlokakAra zrI Anandavardhana ne 9 vIM zatI meM sabase pahale dhvani siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| yaha inake gahana zAstrIya cintana kA pariNAma thaa| kintu mahimabhaTTa Adi kucha vidvAnoM ne dhvanisiddhAnta kA joradAra khaNDana, kiyA aura yaha batalAyA ki vyaJjanA ke mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / rasa kA jJAna vyaJjanA se nahIM, anumAna se hotA hai / 11 vIM zatI meM AcArya mammaTa ne kAvyaprakAza

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cakara mahimabhaTTa ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kara Anandavardhana ke siddhAnta kA maNDana kiyaa| mammaTa ke avyavahita uttarakAla meM AcArya hemacandra ne mahimabhaTTa kA khaNDana aura dhvanyAlokakAra Anandavardhana ke dhvani-siddhAnta kA joradAra samarthana kiyaa| phira to dhvanisiddhAnta kA khUba hI pracAra bddh'aa| dhvani ke prakaraNa meM AcArya hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana meM aise aneka udAharaNa diye haiM, jo dhvanyAloka aura kAvyaprakAza Adi viziSTa granthoM meM bhI nahIM milte| jaise bahalatamA haarAI ajja pauttho paI gharaM sunnnnN| taha jaggisajju sajjiya na jahA amhe musijjaamo|| - kAvyAnuzAsana, pRSTha 36 (nirNayasAgara presa prakAzana) eka nAyikA- jisakA pati pravAsa meM hai aura ghara bilakula sUnA hai- rAtri ke samaya apane par3osI se kaha rahI hai ___ Aja kI rAtri bahuta duHkhadAyinI hai, kyoMki cAroM ora aMdherA chAyA huA hai, patideva bAhara gaye haiM aura ghara sUnA hai| isaliye he par3osI Aja jAgate rahanA, jisase hamArI aura tumhArI corI na ho jaay| isa vidhivAkya se anya vidhi vyaMga hai.---- tuma nirbhaya hokara mere pAsa A jaao| kahIM vAcya se- jo na to vidhiparaka ho aura na niSedhaparaka- niSedha sUcaka / vyaMgya nikalatA hai| jaise jIvitAzAbalavatI dhanAzA durbalA mm| gaccha vA tiSTha vA pAntha svAvasthA tu niveditaa|| -- kAvyAnuzAsana, pRSTha 37 (nirNayasAgara presa prakAzana) pravAsa ke liye udyata hue pati ko rokane ke liye patnI kaha rahI hai he pAntha! mujhe apane jIvana meM jitanI Asakti hai, utanI dhana meM nahIM, majhe dhana se jIvana pyArA hai| (ata: maiM jIvana dekara dhana lenA pasanda nahIM kara sktii)| aba Apa jAiye yA rukiye, maiMne apanI avasthA Apako batalA dI hai| (tumhAre binA merA jIvita rahanA kaThina hai)| yahA~ pati ke jAne yA na jAne kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vAcyArtha se hA~ yA nA donoM meM se kisI eka kA bhI bodha nahIM hotA, kintu vyaMgya rUpa se yaha pratIta "ho rahA hai ki patnI apane pati ko rokanA cAhatI hai| Apako merA utanA khyAla nahIM jitanA yAtrA kA, yaha bhAva prakaTa karane ke liye pati ko 'pAntha' pada se sambodhita

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kiyA gayA hai ityAdi saikar3oM aise udAharaNa haiM, jinase hemacandra kI maulika pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| alaMkAracUr3AmaNi aura viveka se vibhUSita hokara kAvyAnuzAsana, kAvyaprakAza se adhika mahattvazAlI ho gayA hai| kAvyaprakAza se sAhityadarpaNa kA pracAra adhika huA hai| isake do kAraNa haiM- (1) kAvyaprakAza kI bhASA se sAhityadarpaNa kI bhASA sarala hai aura (2) kAvyaprakAza meM nATakIya tattvoM para prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai, jabaki sAhityadarpaNa meM hai| merA khyAla hai, yadi hemacandra jaina na hote to kAvyAnuzAsana kA pracAra kAvyaprakAza aura sAhityadarpaNa se kahIM adhika hotaa| samAlocakoM kA kahanA hai ki darpaNakAra sAhityika marma ke prakAzana meM utane samartha nahIM, jitanA kavitA karane meM aura kAvyaprakAzakAra ke bAre meM unakA kahanA hai ki ve zabdoM ke prayoga meM kRpaNa the- kama zabdoM meM bahuta artha prakaTa karanA cAhate the| yoM dekhA jAya to yaha mammaTa kA guNa hai, na ki doss| Aja ke samaya meM jijJAsu grantha kA hRdaya thor3e parizrama se hI jAnanA cAhatA hai| isa dRSTi se hemacandra bahuta saphala hue haiN| inakA vivecana prAmANika hone ke sAtha-sAtha sarala bhI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne 'aprastuta prazaMsA' alaMkAra kA nAma 'anyokti' rakhA hai'sAmAnyavizeSa kArye kAraNe prastute tadanyasya tulye tulyasya coktiranyoktiH (kAvyAnuzAsana, adhyAya 6, pRSTha 307) / hemacandra ke pUrvavartiyoM meM kevala rudraTa ne isa saMjJA kA upayoga kiyA thaa| bhAmaha, vAmana, Anandavarddhana aura mammaTa Adi sabhI ne 'aprastuta prazaMsA' saMjJA kA upayoga kiyA thaa| hemacandra ke bAda ke vidvAnoM ne bhI'aprastuta prazaMsA' saMjJA kA upayoga kiyA hai, kintu hindI-sAhitya meM prAyaH sarvatra 'anyokti' saMjJA kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha vidvadjana kAvyAnuzAsana kA dhyAna se avalokana kareM to aura bhI aisI bahuta sI vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hoNgii| kAvyakalpalatAvRtti-kAvyakalpalatA kI sUtra-racanA arisiMha ne kI thI aura isakI vRtti jainAcArya amaracandrasUri ne racI thii| ina donoM kA samaya vidvAnoM ne terahavIM zatI nizcita kiyA hai| ye donoM hI apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAn the| inake anya granthoM kA bhI vidvAnoM ne patA lagAyA hai| arisiMha ne vastupAla kI prazaMsA meM 'sukRtasaMkIrtana' mahAkAvya likhA thA aura amara ne jinendracarita', 'syAdizabdasamuccaya', 'bAlabhArata', 'draupadIsvayaMvara', 'chando-ratnAvali', 'kAvyakalpalatAparimala' aura 'alaMkAraprabodha Adi grantha race the| prastuta grantha meM cAra pratAna haiM- 1. chandasiddhipratAna, 2. zabdasiddhipratAna, 3. zleSasiddhipratAna aura 4. arthsiddhiprtaan| pratyeka pratAna meM kramaza: pA~ca, cAra, pA~ca aura sAta kula ikkIsa stavaka haiN| kavitA nirmANa karane kI isameM sundara vidhi batalAI gaI hai aura sAtha meM anya bhI prAsaMgika viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM kSemendra, jayamaMgala aura

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halAyudha Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI grantha race, kintu ve atyanta saMkSipta hone ke kAraNa jijJAsA zAnta nahIM kara paate| prastuta grantha kA vidvat saMsAra meM khUba hI pracAra huA aura caudahavIM zatI ke brAhmaNa vidvAn zrI devezvara ko yaha grantha itanA rucikara huA ki inhoMne isI kA AdhAra lekara navIna 'kavikalpalatA' kI racanA kI jisameM yatra-tatra prastuta grantha kI sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyaa| kAvyakalpalatAvRtti meM kucha aise viSaya haiM, jo kaviyoM ke liye bahuta hI sahAyaka haiM chandoM ke abhyAsa ke liye prastuta grantha meM likhA hai ki kakAra Adi vyaJjanoM ko bharakara chandoM kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| gyAraha akSara vAle indravajrA chanda kA abhyAsa karanA ho to usake lakSaNa ke anusAra kakAra Adi vargoM kA prayoga kreN| jaise kAkA kakAkA kakakA kakA kA kI kI ki kI kI kiki kI kikiiki| kukU kukUkU kukukU kukUku kaM kaM ka kaM kaM kakakaM ka kaM km|| - kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, pratAna 1, stavaka 2 / isI DhaMga se anya chandoM kA bhI abhyAsa karanA caahie| yaha vidhi bahuta hI sarala hai| chandoM kI pUrti ke liye prastuta grantha meM hajAroM zabdoM kA saMgraha kara diyA gayA hai, jinake yathAsthAna rakha dene se chanda kI pUrti saralatA se ho sakatI hai| jaise anuSTupa chanda banAnA ho to nimnalikhita akSaroM meM se koI bhI akSara usake prathama akSara ke liye upayogI hai| zrI, saM, san, drAk, viz, A, ni, zrAk, su, ut, tt| isI taraha anya chandoM ke liye bhI aneka prakAra ke zabdoM kA saMkalana prastuta grantha meM hai| chandoM ke sAtha alaMkAroM ke yogya zabdoM kA bhI Azcaryajanaka saMgraha yahA~ milatA hai| isI taraha hajAroM bAtoM para isa grantha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo vidvAnoM ko Azcarya meM DAla detA hai| cauthe pratAna ke sAtaveM stavaka meM samasyApUrti kA krama bhI batalAyA gayA hai - prazna se bhI samasyApUrti ho sakatI hai| jaise- 'mRgAt siMha: palAyate' isa samasyA kI pUrti kastUrI jAyate kasmAt ? ko hanti kariNAM kulam? kiM kuryAt kAtaro yuddhe? 'mRgAt siMhaH plaayte||' - kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, 4/7 /

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prastuta samasyA kI pUrti tIna praznoM se kI gaI hai-- pahalA prazna kastUrI kisase hotI hai? dUsarA prazna - hAthiyoM ke jhuNDa ko kauna mAratA hai ? tIsarA prazna - yuddha meM kAra kyA karatA hai ? ina tInoM ke kramaza: uttara (1) mRga se ( (mRgAt), (2) siMha aura (3) bhAga jAtA hai ( palAyate ) / 'yadi' zabda ke prayoga se bhI samasyApUrti kI jA sakatI haijaisa - 'agnistuhinazItala:' isakI pUrti dekhiye - pratIcyAM yadi mArtaNDaH samudeti spharatkaraH / tadA saMjAyate ' nUnamagnistuhina zItalaH / / -- kA0ka0 4/7 / isI taraha aura bhI upAya batalAye haiM, jinase zIghra hI samasyApUrti kI jA sakatI hai| prastuta grantha bhAratIya sAhitya kA bhUSaNa hai| zrI devezvara ne isI ke AdhAra se 'kavikalpalatA' kI racanA kii| isameM kahIM-kahIM to pUre ke pUre zloka milatejulate haiN| alaMkAramahodadhi- alaMkAramahodadhi kI racanA AcArya narendraprabhasUri ne mahAmAtya vastupAla kI prArthanA para apane guru AcArya naracandrasUri kI AjJA se kI thI / isakI TIkA bhI svayaM narendraprabha ne vikrama saMvat 1282 meM samApta kI thI, jo 4500 (sAr3he cAra hajAra) anuSTupa zloka pramANa hai| prastuta grantha ATha taraMgoM meM vibhAjita hai / kAvya kA svarUpa, prayojana, bheda, zabda, artha, guNa, doSa, alaMkAra aura dhvani Adi viSayoM para AcArya narendraprabha ne vizad prakAza DAlA hai| kAvyaprakAza kI taraha isameM bhI nATakIya tattvoM para prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| zeSa sabhI viSayoM para kAvyaprakAza meM kahIM adhika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAhityadarpaNa isake sAmane bahuta choTA hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM alaMkAroM kA vivecana kAvyaprakAza se adhika hai / kintu alaMkAramahodadhi kA alaMkAra vivecana sAhityadarpaNa se kahIM adhika hai| prastuta grantha meM pRSTha 212 - 13 para vRtyanuprAsa ke avAntara bheda- kArNATI, kauntalI, kauMgI, kauMkaNI, vAnavAsikA, trAvaNI, mAthurI, mAtsI aura mAgadhI Adi batalAye haiM, jo kAvyaprakAza aura sAhityadarpaNa Adi granthoM meM nahIM haiN| kAvyaprakAza aura kAvyAnuzAsana ( hemacandra) ke samAna prastuta grantha meM bhI dhvani kA vistAra se varNana hai / sarala zabdoM meM paribhASA banAnA aura sarala udAharaNa cunanA prastuta grantha kI

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vizeSatA hai| jaise sAra alaMkAra kI paribhASA dekhiye- 'sAraH prakarSastUttarottaram' (pRSTha 306) / udAharaNa rAjye sAraM vasudhA vasundharAyAM puraM pure saudhm| ajatisahasasracatuSTayamanuSTubhAmupari paMca shtii|| - alaMkAramahodadhi, zloka 11, pRSTha 340. 'saudhe talpaM talpe vaaraaNgnaa'nNgsrvsvm|' (pRSTha 306) / alaMkAroM ke avAntara bheda bhI prastuta grantha meM kAvyaprakAza aura sAhityadarpaNa Adi granthoM se adhika kiye gaye haiN| nATyadarpaNa- nATyadarpaNa AcArya rAmacandra aura guNacandra, do vidvAnoM kI kRti hai| ye donoM AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya the, ata: inakA samaya bhI vahI hai, jo hemacandra kA hai| rAmacandra aura guNacandra apane guru ke samAna bahuzruta vidvAn the| inhoMne lagabhaga sau granthoM kI racanA kI thii| unameM se cAra-pA~ca prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiN| nATyadarpaNa unhIM meM se eka hai| nATyadarpaNa cAra vivekoM meM vibhakta hai| mUla kArikAe~ kramaza: cAroM vivekoM meM 65, 37, 51 aura 54 --- kula 207 haiM aura ina para svayaM rAmacandra aura guNacandra ne vistRta vivaraNa likhA hai, jo 4500 anuSTupa chanda pramANa hai| vivaraNa meM viSaya kI vizeSa puSTi ke liye jaina va jainetara granthoM ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| bharata ne vistRta nATyazAstra racA thaa| unake bAda saMkSepa meM nATyatattvoM kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karane vAle mukhya do grantha haiM- (1) prastuta nATyadarpaNa aura (2) dshruupk| donoM granthoM kA pratipAdya viSaya eka hI hai, kintu rAmacandra aura guNacandra ye donoM nATakIya tattva ke marmajJa the| inhoMne aneka aise granthoM ke udAharaNa diye haiM, jo Aja anupalabdha hai| kahIM-kahIM donoM granthoM meM maulika antara bhI haiN| dazarUpakakAra nATakoM meM zAnta rasa nahIM mAnate, nATyadarpaNakAra mAnate haiN| dazarUpaka meM vyaJjanAvRtti kA khaNDana hai, nATyadarpaNa meM nahIM hai| nATyadarpaNa meM rasa ko sukha-duHkhAtmaka batalAyA gayA hai- 'sukha duHkhAtmako rasaH', pRSTha 141 / zRGgAra, hAsya, vIra, adbhuta aura zAnta ina pA~coM ko sukhAtmaka aura karuNa, raudra, vIbhatsa tathA bhayAnaka ina cAroM ko duHkhAtmaka batalAyA hai| dazarUpaka meM rUpakoM kI saMkhyA dasa svIkAra kI hai, jabaki nATyadarpaNa meM bAraha / alaMkAracintAmaNi- isake racayitA AcArya ajitasena haiN| inakA samaya caudahavIM zatI hai| inhoMne prastuta grantha meM jaina-granthoM ke hI udAharaNa diye haiN| jainetara granthoM ke bhI udAharaNa haiM, kintu aise udAharaNoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hI kama hai| arhaddAsa ke munisuvratakAvya ke bhI kucha udAharaNa prastuta grantha meM haiM, ata: prastuta grantha ke racayitA

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kA samaya caudahavIM zatI hai| arhaddAsa kA samaya vikrama se terahavIM zatI kA antim / caraNa aura caudahavIM kA prathama caraNa hai| prastuta grantha meM pA~ca pariccheda haiM, jinameM zlokoM kI saMkhyA kramaza: 103, 86, 41, 345 aura 300-kula 775 hai| gadya rUpa meM likhI gaI vRtti kI saMkhyA pRthak hai| isa racanA meM kavizikSA, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra, guNa-doSa aura rasa Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yahA~ zabdAlaMkAroM kA itanA adhika varNana hai jitanA anya jaina alaMkAra granthoM meM nahIM hai| jainetara granthoM meM bhI bhoja ke sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ko chor3akara anya meM nahIM hai| alaMkAroM meM upamA kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| daNDI ko chor3akara itanA adhika isa DhaMga kA varNana anya granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| isa racanA kA alaMkAra-vivecana hRdayagrAhI hai, ata: alaMkAracintAmaNi nAma sArthaka hai| alaMkAroM ke pArasparika sUkSma antara ko batalAne ke liye isa grantha ke cauthe pariccheda ke prArambha meM jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai, vaha anya granthoM meM ekatra nahIM miltaa| yoM anya granthoM meM bhI khojane para mila sakatA hai, kintu eka hI sthAna meM itanA adhika vivecana mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| yahA~ nATakIya tattvoM ko chor3akara zeSa alaMkAra zAstra sambandhI sabhI bAtoM para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArya ajitasena ne dhvani kI paribhASA mAtra batalAkara grantha vistAra bhaya se usakA vivecana nahIM kiyaa| zabdAlaMkAra kA vivecana arthAlaMkAra ke vivecana kI apekSA kaThina hotA hai, kintu ajitasena ne use bhI sarala banAne kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA hai| zloka par3hate hI samajha meM A jAte haiN| citra-prakaraNa meM akSaracyuta praznottara kA sundara aura manoraJjaka udAharaNa dekhiyeprazna: - ka: paMjaramadhyAste? kaH puruSa nisvnH| kaH pratiSThA jIvAnAM? kaH pAThyokSa'racyutaH? / / uttara:- zuka: paMjaramadhyAste kAkaH prussnisvnH| lokaH pratiSThA jIvAnAM zlokaH paatthyo'kssrcyutH||2/31-32| prathama padya meM cAra prazna kiye gaye haiM- piMjare meM kauna banda kiyA jAtA hai? - karkaza svara vAlA kauna hotA hai? jIvoM kA AzrayasthAna kyA hai? akSara chor3akara kise

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par3ha sakate haiN| dUsare padya meM cAroM praznoM ke kramaza: cAra uttara diye gaye haiM- totA, kauA, loka aura shlok| jisa zloka meM prazna kiye gaye haiM, usake pratyeka caraNa meM sAta-sAta akSara haiN| unake prArambha meM eka-eka akSara aura jor3a dene se uttara sahita dUsarA padya bana gayA hai| isa taraha zabdAlaMkAroM kA varNana Adi se anta taka sarasa hai| isI taraha 70 arthAlaMkAroM aura unake avAntara bhedoM kI carcA bhI sarasa aura sarala hai| prastuta grantha meM arthAlaMkAroM kI paribhASAe~ bhI bahuta pariSkRta haiN| jaise--- upamAlaMkAra kI paribhASA dekhiye varNyasya sAmyamanyeta svataH siddhena dhrmtH| bhinnena sUryabhISTena vAcyaM ytraupmaikdaa||4|18. upameya se bhinna, svata: siddha, vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya, aprastuta arthAt upamAna ke sAtha jahA~ kisI dharma kI dRSTi se samAnatA batalAI jAya, vahA~ upamA alaMkAra hotA hai| " jainetara uccakoTi ke alaMkAra granthoM meM 'sAdharmyampamA' arthAt upameya kI upamAna ke sAtha samAnatA dikhalAne ko upamA kahate haiN| alaMkAracintAmaNikAra ne yadyapi isa paribhASA kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA, kintu unhoMne apanI upamA kI paribhASA meM upamAna ke tIna vizeSaNa lagAye haiN| yadi ye nahIM lagAye jAte, to anya alaMkAroM meM upamA kA lakSaNa calA jaataa| phalata: upamA kA lakSaNa ativyApti doSa se dUSita ho jaataa| yadi 'svata:bhinnena' 'upameya se bhinna' yaha vizeSaNa na dete, to ananvayAlaMkAra meM paribhASA calI jAtI, kyoMki ananvaya meM upameya aura upamAna abhinna hote haiM, 'svata: siddhena' 'svayaM siddha' vizeSaNa nahIM dete, to utprekSA meM lakSaNa calA jAtA, kyoMki utprekSA meM upamAna svayaM siddha nahIM, balki kalpita hotA hai| 'sUryabhISTena' vidvAnoM ke dvArA mAnya yaha vizeSaNa na dete, to prastuta lakSaNa 'hInopamA' meM calA jaataa| isI prakAra anya alaMkAroM kI paribhASA bhI pariSkRta hai| kAvyAnuzAsana- isake racanAkAra abhinava vAgbhaTa haiN| inakA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI hai| prastuta grantha meM pRSTha 42 para udAttAlaMkAra kA jo udAharaNa vAgbhaTa ne diyA hai, vaha narendraprabhasUri ke alaMkAramahodadhi- jisakI racanA vi0saM0 1282 meM samApta huI thI-- ko chor3akara anyatra nahIM miltaa| ata: vAgbhaTa kA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai| prastuta grantha kI eka hastalikhita prati kA ullekha igaliMga kaiTalauga naM0 11157 para hai| isa likhita prati para lekhana-kAla vi0saM0 1515 hai| __ vAgbhaTa ke pitA kA nAma nemikumAra aura pitAmaha kA zrI makkalaya thaa| inakA

Page #17
10 nivAsasthAna mevAr3a thaa| ye apane samaya ke bahuta bar3e dhanika vyApArI aura uccakoDi ke lekhaka yA mahAkavi the| inhoMne aneka mahAkAvya race the| inhoMne apanA paricaya kAvyAnuzAsana ke prArambha meM diyA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana sUtra zailI meM racA gayA choTA, kintu mahattvapUrNa alaMkAra grantha hai| isake pA~ca adhyAyoM meM kramazaH 62, 75, 68, 26 aura 58 kula - 289 sUtra haiN| sUtroM ke Upara vAgbhaTa ne svayaM 'alaMkAratilakavRtti' nAma kI TIkA racI hai| sUkSma dRSTi se grantha dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAgbhaTa hemacandra se bahuta prabhAvita the| ve unheM apanA samajhate the, ataH unake grantha kA nAma (kAvyAnuzAsana), sUtra zailI aura kucha sUtra tathA kucha TIkA kA aMza bhI unhoMne apane grantha meM le liyA hai| grantha bahuta sarala hai| isameM alaMkAra sambandhI sabhI tattvoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jo bAta sUtroM meM nahIM kahI jA sakI, vaha TIkA meM kaha dI gayI hai / TIkA bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| hemacandra ne dhvani kA samarthana joradAra zabdoM meM kiyA hai, kintu vAgbhaTa ne use 'paryAyokta' alaMkAra meM garbhita kiyA hai| sabhI alaMkAra granthoM meM kAvyoM se udAharaNa liye gaye haiM, kintu vAgbhaTa ne doSa prakaraNa meM mammaTa aura daNDI Adi ke alaMkAra granthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa ke padyoM ko uddhRta kara unameM doSa batalAye haiN| kAvyAlaMkArasAra- isa grantha ke praNetA bhAvadevasUri haiN| inakA samaya vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatI kA prathama caraNa hai| isakI sUcanA svayaM inhoMne apane pArzvanAthacaritamahAkAvya kI prazasti meM dI hai| kAvyAlaMkArasAra meM ATha adhyAya haiM, jinameM kramazaH 5+15+24+13+13+ 49+5+8=132 zloka haiM / prastuta grantha meM kAvya kA svarUpa, hetu, phala (1) zabdArthasvarUpa, (2) zabdArthadoSa, (3) guNa, (4) zabdAlaMkAra, (5) arthAlaMkAra, (6) rIti, (7) aura rasa, (8) ina sAhityika tattvoM para saMkSipta aura sAragarbha prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArya bhAvadevasUri ne apane pUrvavartI sabhI AcAryoM ke alaMkAra granthoM kA gambhIra cintana kara prastuta grantha banAyA hai| abhI taka prakAzita hue alaMkAra granthoM meM itanA sarala aura sarasa grantha mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| alaMkArazAstra ke adhyayana karane vAloM ko sabase pahale yahI grantha par3hanA caahie| ina granthoM ke atirikta kucha aura bhI jaina- alaMkAra grantha prakAzita hue haiM, kintu ve isa samaya sAmane nahIM haiM, ataH unake bAre meM yahA~ kucha nahIM likhA jA sktaa| aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne jainetara alaMkAra granthoM para mahattvapUrNa TIkAe~ racI haiN|

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kAvyaprakAza para sabase pahalI 'saMketa' nAma kI TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| isake kartA jaina vidvAn mANikyacandrasUri haiN| rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra para jaina vidvAn namisAdhu ne TIkA racI thI, jo prakAzita ho cukI hai| AcArya siddhacandra ne 'kAvyaprakAza vivaraNa' racA thaa| yaha bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai| alaMkArazAstra kA avikala adhyayana, manana aura cintana karane vAloM ke liye ukta grantha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai|

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vAgbhaTAlaGkAra* - vipula saMskRta vAGmaya meM alaGkArazAstra kA svatantra sthAna hai| mAnava jAti kA hita antarnihita rahane se yoM to sabhI zAstra upAdeya haiM, para unake marma ko samajhane evaM abhinava kRti kA nirmANa karane ke lie alaGkArazAstra kI upAdeyatA itara zAstroM se kahIM adhika hai, jaisA ki rAjazekhara (kAvyamImAMsA, dvi0a0) kA kathana hai| isIlie isake praNayana kI ora bar3e-bar3e vidvAn pravRtta hue| khyAtanAmA vAgbhaTa aise hI vidvAnoM meM se eka haiM, jinakI abhI taka kevala eka hI kRti upalabdha ho sakI hai'vaagbhttaalngkaar'| vAgbhaTa kA samaya- vAgbhaTa ne 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' meM samuccayAlaGkAra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jo nimnalikhita padya racA hai, usase unake samaya para bhI prakAza par3atA hai aNahillapATakaM puramavanipatiH karNadevanRpasUnuH / zrIkalazanAmadheyaH karI ca ratnAni jgtiih|| 4.132 atyutkRSTa vastuoM ke samuccaya kI dRSTi se isa padya meM tIna ratnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai- (1) aNahillapurapATana, jahA~ rAjA jayasiMha kI rAjadhAnI rahI, (2) rAjA karNadeva ke putra--- rAjA jayasiMha aura (3) zrIkalaza nAmaka hAthI, jo rAjA jayasiMha kI savArI ke kAma AtA rhaa| prastuta kRti meM aura bhI aise padya haiM, jinameM solakI nareza jayasiMha kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| __ jayasiMha kA nAmollekha karane se itanA sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki vAgbhaTa ina (jayasiMha) se pahale nahIM hue| phira kaba hue? isakA uttara kalikAla sarvajJaAcArya hemacandra ke, jo jayasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI rAjA kumArapAla ke guru rahe, vyAzrayakAvya (kumArapAlacarita) se mila jAtA hai, jisameM (sa0 20 zlo0 91-92) unheM jayasiMha kA amAtya likhA hai| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI siMhadevagaNikRta saMskRta TIkA meM 'baMbhaNDasutti....' ityAdi (4, 148) padya kI utthAnikA se bhI isakI paripuSTi hotI hai| ataeva vAgbhaTa jayasiMha ke samakAlIna Thaharate haiN| jayasiMha kA zAsana kAla vi0saM0 1150 se 1199 taka rahA hai| isalie vAgbhaTa kA bhI yahI samaya pramANita hotA hai, kintu isake viSaya meM aneka bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM ko bhI bhrama huA hai| *. zramaNa, varSa 8, aMka 1, navambara 1956 se sAbhAra

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- vAgbhaTa kA nAma aura samaya meM bhrama- zraddheya sva0 premI jI ne cAra vAgbhaTa aura sva0 kItha ne pA~ca vAgbhaTa batalAye haiN| kItha ke anusAra aSTAGgahRdayakAra ke vaMza meM eka aura bhI vAgbhaTa hue haiM, jo 'vRddha vAgbhaTa' nAma se prakhyAta rhe| ye aSTAGgahRdaya ke praNetA ke pitAmaha the| nAma kI samAnatA ke kAraNa katipaya vidvAnoM ko inakI ekatA kA bhrama huA hai aura kucha ko inake kAla ke nirNaya meM bhii| jaise- 1. zrI vAcaspati gairolA 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa', pRSTha 961; 2. AcArya zrI vizvezvara 'kAvyaprakAza' kI bhUmikA, (pRSTha 80) aura prA0 zrI baladeva upAdhyAya 'saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (pRSTha 645, paJcama sNskrnn)| inhoMne sabhI vAgbhaTa nAma ke AcAryoM ko eka hI vyakti mAnA hai| isI taraha anya itihAsa granthoM meM dekhA jAya to aura bhI aise bhrAnta ullekha prApta ho sakate haiN| vastuta: cAroM yA pA~coM vAgbhaToM kI sattA aura tithi sarvathA pRthak hai| inhoMne svayaM apanI-apanI kRtiyoM meM apane-apane pitA kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| aSTAGgahRdayakAra ke pitA kA nAma 'siMhagupta', neminirvANa ke kartA ke pitA kA nAma 'chAhar3a', 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' ke praNetA ke pitA kA nAma 'soma' aura 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke racayitA ke pitA kA nAma 'nemikumAra' thaa| vRddha vAgbhaTa ke pitA kA nAma abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM aayaa| zraddheya sva0 premI jI ke 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' grantha meM ina sabhI ke samaya para prAmANika prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vAgbhaTa kA pArivArika evaM dhArmika paricaya-vAgbhaTa ne apane vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (4.148) meM apanA prAkRta nAma 'vAhaDa' likhA hai| ve gRhastha the| unake eka atyanta suzIla, sundara evaM viduSI kanyA bhI thii| siMghI jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita prabhAcandrAcAryakRta prabhAvakacarita (pRSTha 173, zlo0 67-70) batalAtA hai ki vAhaDa (vAgbhaTa) dhanavAn tathA paramadhArmika Adarza vidvAn rhe| eka bAra unhoMne apane guru ke caraNoM meM praNAma karake unase pUchA- "guruvara! mujhe atyanta zlAghya kArya batalAie, jisameM maiM apane dravya ko lgaauuN| unhoMne uttara diyA- 'jinAlaya ke nirmANa meM dravya lagAnA saphala hai|' unake isa Adeza ke anantara vAgbhaTa ne eka sundara jaina mandira banavAyA, jo himAlaya kI bhA~ti dhavala, unnata aura camakIle maNimaya kalaza se vibhUSita thaa| usameM antima tIrthaGkara zrI vardhamAna bhagavAna kI jisa sAtizaya adbhuta mUrti ko pratiSThita kiyA, usakI divya dIpti se candrakAnta aura sUryakAnta maNi kI bhI prabhA phIkI par3a gayI- vaha rAtri meM candrakAnta se evaM dina meM sUryakAnta maNi se bhI kahIM adhika camakatI thii|

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14 uparyukta ullekha se spaSTa hai ki vAgbhaTa jitane vidvAn aura dhanavAna the, usameM kahIM adhika paramadhArmika sadgRhastha bhii| kRti-paricaya- vAgbhaTa kI prastuta amara kRti- 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra', jisakA apara nAma 'alaGkArasUtra' bhI hai, pA~ca paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| mudrita prati ke anusAra pA~coM paricchedoM kI padya saMkhyA kramaza: 26+29+ 18+154+33= kula 260 hai| ojo guNa ke gadyAtmaka udAharaNoM kI gaNanA ko chor3a diyA jAye to padya saMkhyA 259 hI raha jAtI hai| para jayapura aura dehalI kI hastalikhita prAcIna mUla pratiyoM ke milAna karane para jJAta huA ki Amera zAstra-bhaNDAra, jayapura kI eka mUla prati (lekhana kAla vi0saM0 1773) tathA nayA jaina mandira dehalI kI mUla prati (lekhana kAla vi0 saM0 1871) meM cha: padya (3.9; 4.65; 4.96; 4.150; 5.4; 5.30) nahIM haiM, evaM Amera zAstra-bhaNDAra jayapura kI ajJAta lekhanakAla dUsarI prati meM, jo adhika prAcIna pratIta hotI hai, ukta cha: ke atirikta eka padya (4.29) aura bhI nahIM hai| isa taraha ina pratiyoM ke AdhAra para padya saMkhyA aura bhI kama (254 yA 253) hI raha jAtI hai| ukta dehalI kI prati meM eka padya (4.96) ke sAtha usakA pAThAntara' bhI upalabdha hai| pratipAdya viSaya- (1. pari0-) maGgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt kAvya kA phala, kavitA kI sAmagrI, kavitA ke kAraNa, kAraNoM ke lakSaNa, chandoM ke abhyAsa kA upAya. racanA kI cArutA ke hetu, kAvya-racanA kI vidhi, kaviyoM kI rUr3hiyA~, (2. pari0-) kAvya kI bhASAe~, pada-vAkya-vAkyArtha doSa, (3. pari0-) kAvya ke dasa guNa, (4. pari0-) cAra zabdAlaGkAra, paiMtIsa arthAlaGkAra evaM unake bheda-prabheda, (5. pari0-) nava rasa aura nAyaka-nAyikAe~- ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana karake 'dauSarujjhita...' ityAdi upasaMhArAtmaka sundara padya ke sAtha prastuta kRti parisamApta hai| vizeSatA- prastuta kRti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai srltaa| upalabhya alaGkAra sAhitya meM isase adhika sarala pustaka abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM aayii| yoM pIyUSavarSa jayadeva kA 'candrAloka' sarala hai, para usakI saralatA alaGkAra-prakaraNa se Age nahIM pAyI jaatii| 'candrAloka' ke prArambhika katipaya padya yaha batalAte haiM ki pIyUSavarSa ke mana meM vAgdevatAvatAra kAvyaprakAzakAra AcArya mammaTa ke prati tanika-sI bhI AsthA nahIM thI, para 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isake lekhaka ke mana meM mammaTa ke prati gaharI AsthA rhii| isa dRSTi se 'candrAloka' kI apekSA 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' kI prAmANikatA adhika hai| prAmANika siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane vAlA aprAmANika aura maNDana karane vAlA prAmANika mAnA jAnA caahie| yadi phUMka se phaadd'| nahIM ur3AyA jA sakatA to pramANasiddha siddhAnta kA bhI khaNDana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|

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padyoM ke pUrva bhAga meM lakSaNoM aura uttara bhAga meM unake udAharaNoM kA nirUpaNa karanA 'candrAloka' kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai, jo yatra-tatra vAgbhaTAlaGkAra meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaise yad yatrAnucitaM taddhi tatra grAmyaM smRtaM ythaa| chAdayitvA surAn puSpaiH puro dhAnyaM kssipaamyhm||2.15 jo pada jahA~ anucita ho, usakA vahA~ prayoga karanA 'grAmya' doSa hai| jaise koI grAmINa vyakti kaha rahA hai ki maiM devoM (deva-pratimAoM) ko phUloM se Dhakakara unake Age dhAnya pheMka diyA karatA huuN| apakramaM bhaved yatra prsiddhkrmlNghnm| yathA bhuktvA kRtasnAno gurUn devAMzca vndte|| 2.22 -jisa vAkya meM (laukika, zAstrIya yA donoM ke) prasiddha krama kA ullaMghana varNita ho, usameM 'apakrama' doSa hotA hai| jaise koI vyakti bhojana karake snAna kare, phira guruvandana ke uparAnta devavandana karatA hai- yaha vrnnn| krama se snAna, devavandanA, guruvandanA aura bhojana karanA- yaha laukika tathA zAstrIya krama hai| usakA ullaMghana yahA~ varNita hai, ata: 'apakrama' doSa hai| lakSaNoM aura udAharaNoM meM prayukta chanda- vAgbhaTa ne apanI isa kRti ke kevala eka (4.150) ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI lakSaNAtmaka padyoM kI racanA anaSTap chanda meM aura udAharaNAtmaka padyoM kI racanA anuSTup, AryA, indravajrA, upajAti, bhramaravilasita, maNiguNanikara, mAlinI, vasantatilakA, vrIr3A, zArdUlavikrIDita, zAlinI, zikhariNI, somarAjI aura hariNIplutA Adi vividha chandoM meM kI hai| udAharaNoM meM katipaya padya neminirvANa Adi ke bhI haiN| udAharaNoM meM saMskRta padyoM ke sAtha prAkRta padya bhI haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki vAgbhaTa aneka bhASAoM aura viSayoM meM niSNAta the| saMskRta TIkAe~-- vAgbhaTAlaGkAra para siMhadevagaNi, somadevagaNi, rAjahaMsa, jJAnapramodagaNi, jinavardhanasUri, samayasundaragaNi, kSemahaMsagaNi, AcArya vardhamAnasUri, muni kumudacandra, muni sAdhukIrti, ajJAtanAmA muni, vAdirAja, pramodamANikyagaNi, gaNeza aura kRSNavarmA - ina prAcIna zvetAmbara, digambara evaM jainetara vidvAnoM ke atirikta Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI saMskRta TIkAe~ likhI haiN| * vyApaka pracAra aura prabhAva- jahA~ taka maiM jAnatA hU~ jaina alaGkAra sAhitya meM itanI adhika TIkAe~ vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ko chor3akara anya kisI grantha para nahIM likhI

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16 gyiiN| alaGkAracintAmaNi, kAvyAnuzAsana (abhinavavAgbhaTa-kRta) aura kirAta Adi aneka jainetara mahAkAvyoM kI saMskRta TIkAoM meM prastuta kRti ke aneka padya pramANarUpa se uddhRta milate haiN| isase prastuta kRti ke vyApaka pracAra aura prabhAva kA AbhAsa milatA hai| sandarbha 1. solaGkI narezoM kI vaMzAvalI meM jayasiMha ke pitA kA nAma karNadeva likhA milatA hai| - caulukyakumArapAla' (jJAnapITha prakAzana) pRSTha 66. durgAzaGkara zAstrI- 'gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa', pRSTha 255 tathA lakSmIzaGkara vyAsa, caulukyakumArapAla, pRSTha 68. nAthUrAma premI - 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa', pRSTha 326-331 tathA kItha- 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa', pRSTha 645 (DaoN0 maGgaladeva zAstrI dvArA anUdita, motIlAla banArasIdAsa prkaashn)| 3. eka bar3e rAjya ke mahAmAtya, mahAkavi aura mahAn vidvAn hone para bhI ma (vAgbhaTa) kI jIvana-gAthA bar3I karuNa hai| inheM apane mahAmAtyatva kA mahAmUlya cukAnA par3A hai| inakI eka putrI thI, paramaviduSI, paramasundarI aura apane pitA ke sadRza kviprtibhaashaalinii| jaba vaha vivAha yogya huI to use balAt inase chInakara (rAjA jayasiMha ke) rAjaprAsAda kI zobhA bar3hAne ke lie bheja diyA gyaa| na vAgbhaTa isake lie taiyAra the aura na knyaa| para 'apratihatA rAjAjJA' ke sAmane donoM ko sira jhukAnA pdd'aa| vidAI ke samaya kI kanyA kI isa ukti ko jarA dekhie| kaisA camatkAra hai, tabiyata phar3aka uThatI hai| rAjAprAsAda ke lie prasthAna karate samaya kanyA apane rote hue pitA ko sAntvanA dete hue kaha rahI hai 'tAta vAgbhaTa! mA rodihi karmaNAM gtiriidRshii| dRS dhAtorivAsmAkaM guNo doSAya kevlm||' vyAkaraNaprakriyA ke anusAra duS dhAtu ke guNa hokara 'doSa' pada banatA hai| duS dhAtu ke guNa kA pariNAma 'doSa' hai| isI prakAra hamAre saundarya guNa kA pariNAma yaha anartha hai aura atyAcAra rUpa doSa hai| isalie he tAta! Apa roiye nahIM, yaha to hamAre karmoM kA phala hai ki duS dhAtu ke samAna hamArA guNa bhI doSajanaka ho gyaa| - AcArya vizvezvara, kAvyaprakAza, prastAvanA, pRSTha 80. . 4. Amera zAstrabhaNDAra, jayapura kI sarvAdhika prAcIna prati ke pratyeka patra para bAMI ora 'alaGkArasUtram' likhA milatA hai aura siMhadevagaNi ne isakI saMskRta TIkA

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. ke prArambha meM prastuta kRti ke padyoM ko 'alaGkArasUtra' likhA hai-- 'vAgbhaTakavIndraracitAlaMkRtisUtrANi kimapi vivRnnomi| mugdhajanabodhahetoH svasya smRtijananavRddhayai c||' cintayati na cUtalattAM yAti na jAtiM na ketakoM krmte| kamalalatAlagnamAnA madhupayuvA kevalaM kvnnti|| 6. jayapura kI prAcIna prati ke anusAra yaha padya prakSipta hai| 7. draSTavya- jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pRSTha 106-108 / 3

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bhaTTAkalaGkadeva racita tattvArthavArtika* tattvArthasUtra jainoM kA prathama saMskRta grantha hai| isake praNetA AcArya gRddhapiccha haiN| jisa taraha hinduoM meM gItA kI, IsAiyoM meM bAibila kI aura yavanoM meM karANa kI mAnyatA hai, usI taraha jainoM meM isa grantha kI hai| isake zravaNa karane mAtra se zrotA ko eka upavAsa kA phala milatA hai| dazalakSaNaparva kI puNyabelA meM pravacana kA mukhya viSaya yahI rahatA hai| yaha prAkRta jaina vAGmaya kA sAra, jaina dharma kA hRdaya aura jaina darzana kA pravezadvAra hai| isa grantha kA mukhya nAma tattvArtha hai, kyoMki isameM tattvArtha- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- ina sAta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| para sUtra zailI meM likhe jAne se isakA tattvArthasUtra nAma pdd'aa| isake do nAma aura bhI haiMmokSazAstra aura nizreyasazAstra, yadyapi ina donoM kA abhiprAya eka hI hai| mokSa yA nizreya ke mArga- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA-pratipAdana karane se ve donoM nAma pdd'e| isake prArambha ke cAra adhyAyoM meM jIvatattva kA, paJcama meM ajIva tattva kA, SaSTha aura saptama meM Asravatattva kA, navama meM saMvara tathA nirjarA kA aura antima adhyAya meM mokSa tattva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra- ina AtmA ke zreSTha guNoM kA, prANi jagat kA, bhUgola kA, khagola kA, vratoM kA aura karmoM kA AkarSaka varNana hai| mAnava kA utthAna sadguNoM aura patana durguNoM se hotA hai- isa para isa grantha meM jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai, vaha draSTavya hai tathA kisI bhI sahadaya guNagrAhI pAThaka ke hRdaya ko haraNa karane vAlA hai| isake 'mokSamArgasyanetAraM bhettAraM krmbhuubhRtaam| jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vande tadguNa lbdhye|' isa maGgalAcaraNa ko lekara AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA aura AcArya vidyAnanda ne AptaparIkSA grantha kI racanA kii| pramANanayairadhigama : 1-6 sUtra ko AdhAra banAkara bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne apane laghIyastraya grantha ke pramANa praveza aura naya pravezaye do prakaraNa race evaM abhinava dharmabhUSaNayati ne nyAyadIpikA prakaraNa grantha kI racanA kii| *. jaina sandeza, zodhAGka 19, julAI 1964 se sAbhAra

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19 ise kyA digambara aura zvetAmbara sabhI mAnate haiM / isIliye ina donoM sampradAyoM ke mUrdhanya pratibhAzAlI AcAryoM ne isa grantha para saMskRta meM bar3I-bar3I TIkAyeM likhI haiN| digambara AcAryoM meM samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, bhaTTAkalaGkadeva, vidyAnanda, bhAskaranandI, zrutasAgara, vibudha senacandra, yogIndradeva, lakSmIdeva aura abhayanandI Adi pramukha haiM tathA zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM umAsvAti, siddhasena, haribhadra, devagupta, malayagiri, cirantanamuni, vAcaka yazovijaya aura gaNi yazovijaya Adi / inake atirikta aneka manISiyoM ne kannar3a, hindI aura gujarAtI Adi aneka prAntIya aura aMgrejI Adi pAzcAtya bhASAoM meM TIkAe~ likhI haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta grantha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isI grantha para sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne, jinheM kevala eka bAra par3ha lene se koI grantha kaNThastha ho jAtA thA, eka vArttika grantha likhA, jisakA nAma tattvArthavArttika rakhA jo bAda meM rAjavArttika ke nAma se prakhyAta huaa| isameM tattvArthasUtra ke 355 sUtroM meM se idhara-udhara ke saralatama kevala 27 sUtroM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI para gadyavArttikoM kI racanA kI gaI, jinakI saMkhyA do hajAra chaha sau sattara hai| ina vArttikoM meM sUtrakAra ke sUtroM para jina vipratipattiyoM kI koI kabhI thor3I sI zrI kalpanA kara sakatA thA, una sabhI kA samucita nirAkaraNa karake bhaTTAkalaGkadeva dvArA granthakAra gRddhapiccha ke hRdaya meM praviSTa hokara unake grantha kA rahasya kholA gayA hai| para ina vArttikoM meM kahIM kama aura kahIM adhika gUr3hatA chipI huI thii| isI ko dUra karane ke lie vArttikakAra bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne vArttikoM para vRtti kI racanA kI jA AvazyakatAnusAra kahIM saMkSipta aura kahIM vistRta hai| isakA dhavalA aura nyAyakumudacandra Adi granthoM meM bhASya ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya, laghIyastraya aura pramANasaMgraha - ina pA~ca anya granthoM kI bhI racanA kI tathA inameM se kucha para vivaraNa bhI likhe| para ina sabhI granthoM tathA vivaraNoM kI saMskRta kliSTa hai| yadi vidyAnanda ne aSTazatI para aSTasahasrI nAma kI TIkA na likhI hotI to vidvAnoM ko aSTazatI kA artha samajhanA Ter3hI khIra ho jAtA hai / para prastuta bhASya kI saMskRta ukta sabhI grantho se sarvathA viparIta -- atyanta sarala hai| bhASya likhane kI paramparA hI aisI rahI jo ve sarala saMskRta meM likhe jAte the| pAtaJjala mahAbhASya, zAbarabhASya aura nyAyabhASya Adi isI DhaMga se likhe gaye / prastuta bhASya kI saralatA kA anumAna isakI ina paMktiyoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai 'saMsAriNaH puruSasya sarvesvartheSu mokSaH pradhAnam pradhAne ca kRto yatnaH phalavAn bhvti| tasmAttanmArgopadezaH kAryaH tadarthatvAt / ' 1 - 1

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prastuta grantha bhaTTAkalaGkadeva kI maulika pratibhA kA nidarzana hai| isake dekhane se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki bhaTTAkalaGkadeva vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, koSa, Agama tathA sabhI darzanoM ke marmajJa the| prastuta grantha ke racane meM unhoMne apanI svatantra zailI kA upayoga kiyA hai| kisI bhI sUtra para bhASya likhate samaya ve usake kucha kliSTa evaM zliSTa padoM ke aneka artha batalAkara unameM se kisI eka vivakSita artha ko nizcita karate haiM ki yahA~ yahI artha hai| jaise- 'satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlAntarabhAvAlpabahutvaizca' 1-8 isa sUtra meM sat ke cAra artha haiM- 1. prazaMsA, 2. astitva, 3 pratijJA aura 4. aadr| ina cAroM se yahA~ astitva artha hI vivakSita hai| 'rUpiSvadheH' 1-27 sUtra meM rUpa ke do artha haiM- 1. raMga aura 2. svbhaav| yahA~ pahalA artha hI vivakSita hai| viziSTa zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ bhI prastuta grantha meM yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotI haiN| sUtroM kA ullekha karate samaya pUjyapAdakRta jainendravyAkaraNa ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| sarvArthasiddhi kI bhA~ti isa bhASya meM bhI pariSkRta lakSaNoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI prazna kA uttara dete samaya yukti, Agama aura anekAnta kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| saMskRta bhASA kA pravAha Adi se anta taka eka jaisA dikhalAI par3atA hai| prastuta-grantha meM bilakula sarala rIti se prazna uThAkara unake uttara diye gaye haiM prazna (pRSTha 1)- 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritratrANi mokSamArgaH' 1-1 isa sUtra meM mokSa kA mArga batalAyA gayA hai jo ucita nahIM, pahale mokSa kA svarUpa batalAnA cAhie thA, bAda meM usake mArga para prakAza DAlanA cAhie thA, para sUtrakAra ne aisA nahIM kiyA, so kyoM? uttara- mokSa ke bAre meM kisI ko vivAda nahIM, kyoMki mokSa ko prAya: sabhI Astika mAnate haiM, para usake mArga ke bAre meM hI unheM vivAda hai| paTanA nagara ke astitva meM kisI ko bhI vivAda nahIM ho sakatA, vivAda ho sakatA hai to usake mArga ke bAre meM; kyoMki bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM rahane vAle paTanA pahu~cane kA jo bhI mArga batalAyeMge unameM bhinnatA honA svAbhAvika hai| koI kevala darzana ko, koI kevala jJAna ko aura koI kevala cAritra ko hI mokSa kA mArga-upAya mAnate haiN| ataH sUtrakAra ne prathamata: mArga hI batalAyA hai| sUtrakAra kA yahA~ yaha abhiprAya hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra- ina tIna guNoM kI ekatA hI mokSa kA mArga hai| bhinna rahakara ve mokSa ke upAya nahIM ho skte| ye tInoM eka sAtha hoM tabhI roga mUla se jA sakatA hai| prazna (pRSTha 2)- pahale bandha hotA hai bAda meM mokSa, ata: pahale bandha ke kAraNa - batalAne the bAda meM mokSa ke| aisA kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA? uttara- jaise jela meM banda kaidI ko vahA~ se chUTane ke upAya sunate hI prasannatA

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21 hotI hai aura use dhairya baMdhatA hai, usI taraha anAdikAla se isa saMsAra rUpI jela meM yAtanAe~ sahane vAle vyakti ko yadi saMsAra se chUTane ke upAya batalAye jAyeM to vaha prasanna hogA aura use DhADhasa bhI bNdhegaa| basa, yahI socakara sUtrakAra ne pahale bandha ke kAraNa na batalAkara mokSa ke kAraNa batalAye, bAda meM AThaveM adhyAya meM bandha ke kAraNa batalA diye haiN| prazna (pRSTha 19 ) - 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / ' 1 2 sUtra meM darzana kA artha zraddhAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha ThIka nahIM, kyoMki dRzir dhAtu se darzana zabda banatA hai| yaha dhAtu dekhane ke artha meM hai, ataH vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se yahA~ darzana kA artha dekhanA honA cAhie na ki zraddhAn / uttara - yahA~ darzana kA zraddhAn artha hI vivakSita hai, na ki dekhnaa| yadi dekhanA hI mokSa kA kAraNa ho to sabhI caturindriya aura sabhI paJcendriya jIva dekhate haiM, ataH ina sabhI ko mokSa ho jAnA cAhie, para aisA nahIM hotA aura na ho bhI sakatA hai| prakaraNa ke anusAra hI zabdoM ke artha lagAye jAte haiM- 'yAdRzaM prakaraNaM tAdRzo'rthaH / ' vahA~ vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se virodha ho so bhI bAta nahIM; kyoMki vyAkaraNa meM dhAtuoM ke aneka "artha dekhe jAte haiN| jaise-- ava dhAtu aThAraha arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, han dhAtu do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, isI taraha eka do nahIM saikar3oM dhAtue~ haiM, jinakA prayoga aneka arthoM meM hotA hai / dRzir, dhAtu dekhane ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai, yaha ThIka hai, para isakA yaha artha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki isake aura artha kabhI ho hI nahIM skte| 'sataM draSTuM yAti' yahA~ dRzir dhAtu milane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / aMgrejI meM bhI TU sI kA artha milanA hotA hai| ataH prakaraNa ke anusAra yahA~ darzana kA zraddhAna hI artha hai| prastuta grantha meM aneka aise bhI viSaya haiM, jina para bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne pahalI bAra prakAza DAlA hai aura jo nizcaya hI unakI dena hai saptabhaGgI kA pariSkRta svarUpa - 'praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhipratiSedhakalpanA saptabhaGgI / (pRSTha 33) prazna ke anusAra kisI eka hI vastu meM pramANa se aviruddha vidhi aura pratiSedha kI kalpanA (vivakSA karanA ) saptabhaGgI hai| syAdvAda jaina darzana kA prANa hai / jagat ke kisI bhI padArtha ko dekheM, usameM aneka dharma mileNge| bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa se unhIM aneka dharmoM kA eka hI vastu meM kathana karanA syAdvAda hai| eka hI manuSya apane pitA kI apekSA putra, apane putra kI apekSA pitA, apanI patnI kI apekSA pati, apane bhAnaje kI apekSA mAmA aura apane mAmA kI apekSA bhAnajA hai| isI taraha aura bhI agaNita sambandhoM kI dRSTi se usameM agaNita dharma siddha

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22 ho sakate haiN| yoM putratva, pitRtva, patitva, mAtulatva aura bhAgineyatva Adi dharma parasparavirodhI haiM, para vivakSA kI dRSTi se ve eka hI manuSya meM siddha ho jAte haiN| isI kathana ko syAdvAda kahate haiN| yaha kathana saptabhaMgI ke mAdhyama se hI ho sakatA hai| ataeva syAdvAda ke sAtha saptabhaMgI kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| yoM sAta bhaMgoM kA nirdeza AcArya kundakunda ne paJcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra meM aura AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM bhI kiyA hai, kintu saptabhaMgI kA pariSkRta svarUpa prathamata: bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne hI kiyA hai| bhAratavarSa zAstrArthiyoM kA gar3ha rahA hai| yahA~ jitane bhI darzana haiM, saba-ke-saba paraspara virodhI haiN| jisa vastu ko sAMkhya darzana nitya batalAtA hai usI ko bauddhadarzana anity| zAstrArtha ke samaya sabhI apane pakSa ko sahI aura vipakSI ke pakSa ko galata siddha kiyA karate the| phalata: bar3e-bar3e saMgharSa hote rahate the, jinameM aneka manISiyoM ko apamAna sahanA par3atA thA aura unheM mRtyu taka kA zikAra honA par3atA thA isI hiMsA ko dUra karane ke liye jaina darzana meM syAdvAda ko sthAna diyA gyaa| __ yadi sabhI manuSya eka dUsare kI dRSTi ko samajhane kA prayatna kareM to unameM saMgharSa kI naubata hI nahIM A sktii| mAnA ki nitya aura anitya meM virodha hai, para yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki unameM itanA virodha hai ki ve eka vastu meM raha hI nahIM skte| jaise ghar3eM ke bAre meM hI socA jAya to vaha nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii| yahA~ donoM bhI eka ke sthAna meM hI kara diyA jAya to avazya hI virodha pratIta hone lagegA, jo jhagar3e kI jar3a hai| ghar3e kI avasthA badala jAtI hai, ata: vaha anitya hai| kisI kA paira laga jAya yA kisI ke hAtha se chUTakara gira jAya to usake Tukar3e ho jaayeNge| ina Tukar3oM ko ghar3A nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kapAla kahA jA sakatA hai, ata: ghar3A anitya hai| para ghar3A pudgala dravya se banA huA hai, phUTa jAne para bhI vaha pudgala banA rahatA hai| ata: nitya hai| eka hI pahAr3I mArga se paraspara viruddha dizAoM meM jAne vAle do vyaktiyoM ko usakA do prakAra kA anubhava hogaa| jo U~cAI kI ora jA rahA hai, use yaha anubhava hogA ki isa mArga meM car3hAva-hI-car3hAva hai aura jo nIce kI ora jA rahA hai, use yaha anubhava hogA ki isa mArga meM utAra hI utAra hai| U~cAI aura nIcAI meM bhale hI hama virodha samajheM para ve rahatI haiM eka hI mArga meN| isI taraha pratyeka padArtha meM apekSA bheda se aneka dharmoM kA pratipAdana karanA syAdvAda kA kAma hai| isakA rahasya itanA hI hai ki eka vastu ke bAre meM aneka vyaktiyoM ko dRSTibheda se jo aneka prakAra ke anubhava hoMge, ve bhale hI Apasa meM viruddha hoM, para haiM to eka hI vastu ke, ata: una sabhI - meM samanvaya kI bhAvanA rakhanI caahie|

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* sAtoM bhaGgoM kA prayoga karate samaya ApAtataH virodha bhale hI pratIta ho, para use virodhAbhAsa sarIkhA hI jAnanA cAhie ___ 'tatra svAtmanA syAd ghaTa: parAtmanA syAd aghttH|' (pRSTha 33) isakA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki ghar3A apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se ghar3A hai na ki kapar3e ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se| isI ko sarala zabdoM meM yoM kaha sakate haiM ki yaha ghar3A hai, na ki kpdd'aa| 'syAd ghaTo'sti' isa prathama tathA 'syAd ghaTo nAsti' isa dvitIya bhaGga kA yahI niSkarSa hai| yadi 'syAd ghaTo'sti' aura 'syAd ghaTo nAsti' ina donoM bhaGgoM ko eka hI sAtha kahanA cAheM to nahIM kaha sakate, aisI avasthA meM ghar3A avyaktavya ho jAtA hai| 'syAda asti' 'syAd nAsti' aura syAd avaktavya- ye tIna mUla bhaGga haiN| inhIM ke saMyoga se cAra bhaGga aura ho jAte haiM- 'asti nAsti', 'asti avyaktavya', 'nAsti avaktavyam' aura 'Asti nAsti avyktvy'| ina cAroM meM tIna dvisaMyogI aura antima trisaMyogI haiN| ina sAtoM bhaGgoM kA prayoga lokavyavahAra meM Aja bhI ho rahA hai, para isa ora hamArA dhyAna na jAya, yaha bAta hI alaga hai| ise yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai- eka vyakti purAnI khAMsI kA marIja hai| use usakA eka mitra kisI acche vaidya ke pAsa livA le jAtA hai aura use khAMsI kI davA dilavA detA hai| subaha, dopahara aura zAma ko eka-eka khurAka apane sAmane khilAkara vaha apane ghara calA jAtA hai| agale dina saberA hote hI vaha apane mitra ke pAsa jAkara usase lAbha-alAbha ke bAre meM pUchatA hai| pUchane para vaha uttara detA hai--- 1. kucha lAbha huA; kyoMki rAtri ke eka baje taka khUba soyaa| 2. eka baje se sabere taka khUba khAMsI uThI, ata: vizeSa lAbha nahIM huaa| 3. abhI vizeSa nahIM kaha sktaa| 4. kucha lAbha huA bhI hai aura kucha nahIM bhii| 5. kucha lAbha huA hai, kintu abhI vizeSa kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| 6. vizeSa lAbha nahIM huA phira bhI abhI vizeSa kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| 7. kucha lAbha huA bhI hai, kucha nahIM bhI huA to bhI abhI vizeSa kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| sUkSma dRSTi se dekheM to khAMsI ke marIja ne uttara dete samaya sAto bhaGgo kA krama se upayoga kiyA hai| kucha loga yaha socate haiM ki syAdvAda-siddhAnta kevala vAkchala hai| kintu yaha socanA ThIka nahIM; kyoMki vAkchala meM dUsaroM ko chakAne kA hI prayatna hotA hai| jaise 'nava kambalo'yaM devadatta:' devadatta ke pAsa nayA kambala hai| yahA~ nava kA artha nayA hai| yadi koI yahA~ nava kA nau artha kare aura yaha kahe ki devadatta ke pAsa cAra bhI kambala nahIM haiM, nau kaise batalA rahe haiM? --- yaha vAkchala hai| syAdvAda kA siddhAnta isase sarvathA bhinna hai| syAdvAda vastu ke dharmoM kA nizcita rUpa se pratipAdana karatA hai, kisI ko chakAtA nhiiN| jahA~ bhI vAkchala kA prayoga hotA hai, vaktA ke abhiprAya ko badalane ke liye usake zabdoM kA kucha kA kucha artha kara diyA jAtA hai| para syAdvAda meM yaha bAta nhiiN|

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eka baje rAta taka gaharI nIMda Ane se marIja yaha kahatA hai ki kucha lAbha huA aura phira jaba usakA dhyAna eka baje ke bAda kI sthiti para jAtA hai to vaha yaha bhI kahatA hai ki vizeSa lAbha nahIM huA- ye donoM uttara bhale hI paraspara viruddha pratIta hoM, para vaktA ke anubhava ko ThIka-ThIka batalAne ke kAraNa bilakula sahI haiN| isI taraha anekAntavAda ke Upara aura bhI jo dUSaNa lagAye jAte the, bhaTTAkalaGkadeva ne una sabhI kA yuktipUrvaka nirasana kiyA hai| anekAnta meM saptabhaGgI kI yojanA ekAnta ke samyagekAnta tathA mithryakAnta aura anekAnta ke samyaganekAnta aura mithyAnekAnta- ye bheda, siddhasena dvArA svIkRta mati-zruta ke abheda kI AlocanA, pratyakSa parokSa ke pariSkRta lakSaNa, bAraha aGgoM kA svarUpa, avadhijJAna ke chaha bhedoM kA spaSTa vivecana, sAdhAraNa pAriNAmika bhAvoM kA kathana, lakSaNa ke AtmabhUta aura anAtmabhUta- ye bheda, AryoM aura mlechoM ke uttara bheda, lezyAoM ke aMzoM kA nirUpaNa, sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza ke lakSaNa, syAtkAra kA prayojana, kAla Adi ATha ke AdhAra se krama aura yogapadya kA kathana, kriyA-mAtra hI kAla hai, isakI samAlocanA- Adi aneka viSaya prastuta grantha meM dRSTigocara hote haiM, jo akalaGkadeva kI dena haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke kisI bhI sUtra kA ThIka-ThIka rahasya prastuta grantha ke binA jJAta nahIM ho sktaa| pratibhAzAlI manISimUrdhanya sva0 DAkTara mahendrakumAra jI ke sundara sampAdana tathA hindI sAra ke kAraNa yaha grantha sabhI ke liye upAdaye ho gayA hai|

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AcArya ajitasena aura unakI amarakRti 'alaGkAracintAmaNiH'* - - (lakSaNa granthoM meM pramukha pA~ca sampradAyoM kI carcA AtI hai- (1) rasa, (2) alaGkAra, (3) rIti, (4) vakrokti, (5) aura dhvni| inake pravartaka hai kramaza: (1) bharata, (2) bhAmaha, (3) vAmana, (4) kuntaka aura (5) aanndvrdhn| ajitasena ne apane grantha meM ina pA~coM kA samanvaya kiyA hai, jaisA ki unake kAvyalakSaNa se spaSTa hai| - saM0) bhAratIya sAhitya meM alaGkArazAstra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| rAjazekhara ke mata meM alaGkArazAstra vedoM kA sAtavA~ aGga hai| alaGkAroM ke svarUpa ko jAne binA vedoM ko artha samajha meM nahIM A sktaa| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara aba taka isa zAstra se sambandha rakhane vAle lagabhaga sAta sau grantha race jA cuke haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne bhI aneka grantha racakara isa zAstra ke mahattva ko bar3hAyA hai| AcArya ajitasena unhIM meM se eka haiN| inhoMne 'alaGkAracintAmaNiH' nAmaka eka zreSTha grantha kI racanA kI hai| racayitA ke nAma meM bhrama- svargIya zrI rAvajI sakhArAma jI dozI ne isa grantha ko pahalI bAra zolApura se prakAzita kiyA thaa| isa mudrita prati ke mukha pRSTha para 'alaGkAra cintAmaNiH, bhagavajjinasenAcArya praNItaH' chapA hai, jo galata hai| prastuta grantha ke praNetA mahApurANakAra bhagavajjinasenAcArya nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki isameM haricandra, vAgbhaTa, jayadeva aura arhaddAsa Adi aneka arvAcIna AcAryoM ke zloka uddhRta haiN| pRSTha cauvAlIsa kI pahalI paMkti meM granthakAra ne apanA nAma diyA hai| 'atraikAdyaGkakrameNa paThite sati ajitasenena kRtacintAmaNi....' prastuta grantha ke anta meM pariziSTa pRSTha dasa meM bhI jo cakrabandha prakAzita hai, usameM bhI ajitasena likhA huA hai| ata: yaha nizcita hai ki prastuta grantha ke lekhaka ajitasena haiM, bhagavajjinasena nhiiN| racanA kAla-prastuta grantha meM jina manISiyoM ke zloka uddhRta haiM, unameM mahAkavi arhaddAsa bhI haiN| inakA nizcita samaya vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambhika bhAga hai| inhoMne apane 'munisuvratakAvyam' 'purudevacampU:' aura 'bhavyajanakaNThAbharaNam' ina tInoM granthoM meM paNDita AzAdhara kA ullekha kiyA thaa| ata: arhaddAsa kA samaya vikrama *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta

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kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa mAnA gayA hai| inake 'munisuvrata kAvyam' ke prathA sarga kA cauMtIsavA~ zloka yatrAvitvaM phalitATavISu palAzitAdrau kusumeM praagH| nimittamAtre pizunatva mAsIni rauSThyakAvyeSvapavAditA c|| prastuta grantha ke pRSTha ekkAnave para uddhRta hai| ata : ajitasena ne 'alaGkAra cintAmaNi' kI racanA arhaddAsa ke bAda kI thI, yaha nizcita hai| jaba taka aura pramANa nahIM milate taba taka ajitasena kA samaya vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga mAnA jAnA caahie| Abhyantara paricaya- prastuta grantha pA~ca paricchedoM meM vibhAjita hai| pahalA pariccheda sabase choTA hai| isameM kula eka sau tIna zloka haiN| unameM kavitA karane ke upAya evaM kavi banAne vAle ko zikSA dI gaI hai| samasyApUrti kaise kI jAya, isa para bhI kucha prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dUsare pariccheda meM zabdAlaGkAra ke citra, vakrokti, anuprAsa aura yamaka ke cAra bheda batalAkara citrAlaGkAra kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| tIsare pariccheda meM vakrokti, anuprAsa aura yamaka para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| cauthe pariccheda meM upamA, anvaya, upameyopamA, smRti, rUpaka, pariNAma, sandeha, bhrAntimAn, apahnava, ullekha, utprekSA, atizaya, sahokti, vinokti, samAsokti, vakrokti, svabhAvokti, vyAjokti, mIlana, sAmAnya, tadguNa, asadguNa, virodha, vizeSa, adhika, vibhAva, vizeSokti, asaGgati, citra, anyonya, tulya yogitA, dIpaka, prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA, vyatireka, zleSa, parikara, AkSepa, vyAjastuti, aprastutastuti, paryAyokta, pratIpa, anumAna, kAvyaliGga, arthAntaranyAsa, yathAsaMkhya, arthApatti, parisaMkhyA, uttara, vikalpa, samuccaya, samAdhika, bhAvika, preya, rasya, UrjasvI, pratyanIka, vyAghAta, paryAya, sUkSma, udAtta, parivRtti, kAraNamAlA, ekAvalI, mAlAdIpaka, sAra, saMsRSTi aura saGkara isa taraha kula sattara arthAlaGkAroM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| pA~caveM pariccheda meM nau rasa, cAra rIti, do pAka-drAkSA aura zayyA, zabda kA svarUpa, zabda ke bheda- rUr3ha, yaugika aura tanmizra, tIna prakAra ke arthavAcya, lakSya aura vyaMgya, cAra prakAra kI lakSaNA-jahallakSaNA, UjahalakSaNA, sAropAlakSaNA aura sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA, cAra prakAra kI vRttiyA~- kauzikI, ArabhaTI, sAtvatI aura bhAratI, pAbdacitra, artha, citra, vyaGgayArtha ke paricAyaka saMyogAdi, guNa, doSa aura anta meM nAyaka-nAyikA bheda-prabheda vistAra se varNita haiN| prastuta grantha meM vakrokti alaGkAra kA varNana do bAra kiyA gayA hai| pahale tIsare .. pariccheda meM aura phira cauthe meN| kyoMki vakrokti do prakAra kI hotI hai pahalI zabdazakti mUlaka aura dUsarI arthshktimuulk| pahalI kA varNana tIsare pariccheda meM aura dUsarI kA

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cauthe meM kiyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha meM ve sabhI viSaya A gaye haiM, jinakA varNana alaGkAra zAstra meM hotA hai| hA~, do viSaya nahIM A sake, pahalA nATaka yA dRzya kAvya sambandhI aura dUsarA dhvani smbndhii| pahalA viSaya kyoM chor3a diyA, isakA hetu granthakAra ne nahIM diyA, para dUsare ke bAre meM likhA hai ki vistRta hone se hama dhvani kA nirUpaNa nahIM kareMge'dhvani vizeSaM na brUmo vistaratvAt', pRSTha - eka sau caubIsa / dhvani ke sAtha 'vizeSa' pada jur3A huA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prastuta grantha meM abhidhA mUlaka aura lakSaNA mUlaka dhvani ke bhedoM tathA unake bhI avAntara bhedoM kA varNana nahIM kiyA jAyagA, para sAmAnya rUpa se to unakI carcA kI jaaygii| prastuta grantha ke paJcama pariccheda meM granthakAra ne kAvya ke tIna bheda kie haiM(1) dhvani, (2) guNIbhUta vyaGgaya aura (3) citra / pahalA uttama, dUsarA madhyama aura tIsarA adhama kAvya kahalAtA hai| vAcyArtha se vyaGgyArtha ke prAdhAnya hone para 'dhvani ' vyavahAra hotA hai, vAcyArtha se vyaGgyArtha ke aprAdhAnya hone para 'guNIbhUta vyaGgaya' vyavahAra hai aura vyaGgArtha ke asphuTa hone para 'citra' vyavahAra hotA hai gauNAgauNAsphuTatvebhyo vyaGgyArthasya nigadyate / kAvyasya tu vizeSo'yaM tredhA madhyo varo'dharaH / / 27 vyaGgyasyAmukhyatvena madhyamakAvyaM guNIbhUtavyaGgayamityucyate / prAdhAnye uttamaM kAvyaM dhvniritiissyte| asphuTatve'dhamaM taccitramiti niruupyte|' pRSTha -- eka sau teIsa / prAcIna sampradAyoM kA samanvaya - lakSaNa granthoM meM pramukha pA~ca sampradAyoM kI carcA AtI hai- (1) rasa, (2) alaGkAra, (3) rIti, (4) vakrokti aura (5) dhvani / inake pravartaka haiM kramaza:- (1) bharata, (2) bhAmaha, (3) vAmana, (4) kuntaka aura (5) aanndvrdhn| ajitasena ne apane grantha meM ina pA~coM kA samanvaya kiyA hai, jaisA ki unake kAvya ke lakSaNa se spaSTa hai -- zabdArthAlaMkRtIddha navarasakalitaM rItibhAvAbhirAmaM vyaGgayAdyartha vidoSaM guNagaNakalitaM netRsadvarNanADhyam / lokadvandvopakAri sphuTamiha tanutAt kAvyamagryaMsukhArthI nAnAzAstrapravINaH kaviratulamatiH punnydhrmoruhetum|| pRSTha eka prastuta grantha ke tIna aMza prastuta grantha ko tIna azoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA "sakatA hai-- pahalA mUla kArikAoM kA aMza hai, jinameM lakSaNa die gae haiM, dUsarA vRtti kA aMza hai, jisameM kArikAoM ke kaThina viSaya spaSTa kie gae haiM aura tIsarA

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aMza hai udAharaNoM kaa| udAharaNa prAcIna jaina granthoM se lie gae haiN| do-cAra udAharaNa jainetara granthoM se bhI lie gae jAna par3ate haiN| udAharaNoM ke anveSaNa meM ajitasena ko ghora parizrama karanA par3A hai| aneka alaGkArikoM ne pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke alaGkAra granthoM ko sAmane rakha kara unake udAharaNoM kI nakala TIpI hai| isa paddhati ko vizvanAtha kavirAja ne bhI apanAyA hai, jo aThAraha bhASAoM ko jAnate the, kavirAja vizvanAtha ne kAvyaprakAza ko sAmane rakhakara sAhityadarpaNa kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ajitasena ne isa paddhati ko apanAnA ucita nahIM smjhaa| prastuta grantha kI vizeSatA- prastuta grantha meM Arambha se anta taka saralatA ota-prota hai, jisase pAThaka ko grantha kA hRdaya samajhane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM karanA pdd'taa| samprati candrAloka, sAhityadarpaNa, kAvyaprakAza, dhvanyAloka aura rasagaGgAdhara ina pA~ca granthoM kA bahuta pracAra hai, kintu inameM kavi zikSA tathA zabdAlaGkAroM kA itanA sundara varNana nahIM jitanA alaGkAracintAmaNi meM ajitasena ne kiyA hai| upamAlaGkAra kA vivecana bhI jo ajitasena ne kiyA hai vaha ukta pA~coM granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| alaGkArazAstra ke sabhI granthaM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| alaGkArazAstra ke abhyAsI ko apanI jijJAsA kI pUrti ke lie sabhI grantha adhyetavya haiN| alaGkAracintAmaNike adhyayana ke binA AlaGkArikoM kI alaGkAraviSayaka cintA dUra nahIM ho sakatI. kucha vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kavitA kA abhyAsa- jo kavitA karanA cAhate haiM, ve pahale chandoM kA abhyAsa kreN| prathamata: jo bhI dRSTi ke sAmane ho, usI kA varNana chandoM meM karanA caahie| jaise(1) ambhobhiH sambhRtaH kumbhaH zobhate pazya bhoH sakhe! / dabhraH zubhrapaTo bhAti sitimAnaM prapazya bhoH|| pR. 2 mitra, dekho yaha jala se bharA huA ghar3A kaisA sundara laga rahA hai| yaha patalA sapheda vastra suzobhita ho rahA hai| mitra, isakI saphedI to dekho| (2) vadhu rameva bhAtIyaM naro bhAti smaro ythaa| ukhA bhAtyannapUrNeyaM sakhA bhAti vidhuupmH|| pR. 2 yaha dulahina lakSmI sarIkhI pratIta ho rahI hai, dUlhA kAmadeva-sA laga rahA hai, anna se bharI huI baTaloI acchI laga rahI hai aura mitra candramA kI bhA~ti suzobhita ho rahA hai| (3) zayyotthitaH kRtasnAno vraaksstsmnvitH| gatvA devArcanaM kRtvA zrutvA zAstraM gRhaM gtH|| pR0 2

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* zayyA se uThakara usane snAna kiyA, phira cAvala lekara vaha devAlaya meM gayA, vahA~ usane devapUjA kI, isake pazcAt zAstra sunakara vaha apane ghara calA gyaa| prArambha meM kavitA karane vAloM ko bahuta kaThinAI pratIta hotI hai| ise dUra karane ke lie ajitasena ne batalAyA hai ki pahale anuSTupa chanda kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| jo bhI dRSTigocara ho, usI kA varNana karanA caahie| prArambha meM varNanIya viSaya kI vizeSa cintA nahIM karanI caahie| sabhI chandoM kA abhyAsa karake mahAkAvya banAne kA prayatna kre| isake lie pahale yaha dekha le ki mahAkAvya meM kina-kina viSayoM kA varNana honA cAhie aura yaha bhI dekha le ki rAjA, rAnI, mantrI aura purohita Adi ke varNana meM kyA-kyA likhA jAnA caahie| isake atirikta kaviyoM ke siddhAnta bhI jAna lene caahie| prathama pariccheda meM ina viSayoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| citra kAvya- citrakAvya meM mukhyataH zabdoM kA camatkAra hotA hai, na ki artha kaa| dUsare pariccheda meM padmabandha, gomUtrikAbandha, nAgapAzabandha, murajabandha, sarvatobhadrabandha, cakrabandha, darpaNabandha, tAlavRntabandha, paTTabandha, nissAlabandha, brahmadIpikAbandha, zRGgArabandha, chatrabandha aura hArabandha Adi tIsa-paiMtIsa bandhoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| sAtha meM aura bhI anekaprakAra ke citra kAvya kA camatkAra dikhalAyA gayA hai| isameM kucha kaThinAI avazya A gaI hai, para kahIM-kahIM saralatA bhI paryApta mAtrA meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| akSaracyuta praznottara kA namUnA dekhiye, kitanA sarala hai 'kaH paJjaramadhyAste? kaH prussnisvnH?| kaH pratiSThAjIvAnAM? kaH paatthyo'kssrcyut:?||' pR0 32 paJjara meM kauna rahatA hai? kaThora zabda vAlA kauna hotA hai? jIvoM kA Azraya kyA hai aura akSara chor3akara kyA par3hA jAtA hai? ukta zloka ke cAroM caraNoM ke prArambha meM eka-eka akSara bar3hA dene para cAroM praznoM ke uttara nikala Ate haiM-- (1) totA, (2) kauA, (3) loka, (4) shlok| eka-eka akSara bar3hAne para zloka kI racanA yoM ho jAyagI-- "zukaH paJjaramadhyAste kAkaH prussnisvnH| lokaH pratiSThA jIvAnoM zlokaH paatthyo'kssrcyutH||' pR0 32 cauthe pariccheda meM arthAlaGkAroM kA vistRta vivecana hai| usake pahale pRSTha bAvana tirepana meM unakA sAmya aura vaiSamya varNita hai| yoM khojane para anya granthoM meM bhI sAmya aura vaiSamya mila sakatA hai, para eka hI sthala meM kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM mila sktaa| ataH prastuta grantha ke caturtha pariccheda kA prArambhika aMza vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai|

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30 arthAlaGkAroM meM sAmya- rasa aura bhAva Adi kI pratIti hone se preya, rasavat, ajasvI aura samAhita meM sAmya hai| camatkArajanaka pratIyamAna artha kI pratIti na hone se upamA, vinokti, virodha, arthAntaranyAsa, vibhAvanA, uktanimittavizeSokti, viSama, sama, citra, adhika, anyonya, kAraNamAlA, ekAvalI, dIpaka, vyAghAta, kAvyaliGga, anumAna, yathAsaMkhya, arthApatti, sAra paryAya parivRtti, samuccaya, parisaMkhyA, vikalpa, samAdhi, pratyanIka, vizeSa, malIna, sAmAnya, asaGgati tadguNa, atadguNa, vyAjokti, pratipadokti, svabhAvokti, bhAvika aura udAtta ina alaGkAroM meM sAmya hai| pratIyamAna arthAt vyaGgya artha meM rahane se vyAjastuti, upameyopamA, samAsokti, paryAyokti, AkSepa. parikara, ananvaya, atizayokti, aprastuta, prazaMsA aura anurakta nimitta vizeSokti meM sAmya hotA hai| upamA vyaGgya hone se pariNAma, sandeha, rUpaka, bhrAntimAn, ullekha, smaraNa, apahnava, utprekSA, tulyayogitA, dIpaka, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA, vyatireka, nidarzanA, zleSa aura sahokti alaGkAroM meM sAmya hotA hai| prakArAntara se sAmya- adhyavasAya-mUlaka hone se atizaya aura utprekSA meM sAmya hai| virodha-mUlaka hone se viSama, vizeSokti, vibhAvanA, citra, asaGgati, anyonya, vyAghAta, tadruNa, bhAvika aura vizeSa ina alaGkAroM meM sAmya hai| vAkya nyAyamUlaka hone se parisaMkhyA, arthApatti, vikalpa, yathAsaMkhya aura samuccaya meM sAmya hai| lokavyavahAra-mUlaka hone se udAtta, vinokti, svabhAvokti, sama, samAdhi, paryAya, parivRtti, pnatyanIka aura tadguNa alaGkAroM meM sAmya hai| tarkanyAya-mUlaka hone se arthAntaranyAsa, kAvyaliGga aura anumAna meM sAmya hai| zRGkhalA kI vicitratA ke kAraNa dIpaka, sAra, kAraNamAlA aura ekAvalI alaGkAroM meM samAnatA hai| apahnava-mUlaka hone se mIlana, vakrokti aura vyAjokti alaGkAroM meM sAdRzya hotA hai| vizeSaNoM kI vicitratA ke kAraNa parikara tathA samAsokti meM samAnatA hotI hai| alaGkAroM meM vaiSamya- pariNAma aura rUpaka meM Aropa hotA hai, isa dRSTi se donoM meM sAmya hai, kintu pariNAma meM Aropya (upamAna) kA prakRta meM upayoga hotA hai aura rUpaka meM Aropya kA prakRta meM prayoga nahIM hotA- "pariNAma rUpakayorAropagarbhatve'pi, AropyarUpa prakRtepayogAnupayogAmyAM bhedH|' pRSTha 53 / 'mukhaM candra ityAdau mukhamAropasya viSaya aaropyshcndrH| uparaJjakamityetena prinnaamaalngkaarniraasH| tatra prakRtopayogitvenAropyamANasyAnvayo na prakRtoraJjaka tyaa|' pRSTha 64 / 'AropaviSayatvenAropyaM yatropayogi c| prakRte pariNAmo'sau... ................. / / ' pRSTha 67

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hai arthAt 'mukhaM candraH' 'mukha candramA hai' yaha rUpaka kA udAharaNa hai| yahA~ mukha Aropa kA viSaya arthAta upameya hai aura candramA Aropya arthAta upmaan| yahA~ upamAna upameya kA uparaJjaka (zobhAdhAyaka) hai| yahA~ uparaJjaka kahane se pariNAmAlaGkAra kA nirAsa hotA hai| jahA~ Aropya (upamAna) Aropa viSaya (upameya) ke rUpa meM prakRta kA upayogI ho vahA~ pariNAmAlaGkAra hotA hai| 'AropyaM prakRtopayogItyanena sarvebhyo'laGkArebhyo vailkSaNya msm'| pRSTha 67 isI prakAra se prastuta grantha meM aura-aura bhI pacAsoM alaGkAroM meM antara batalAyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha meM anekAneka aise bhI viSaya haiM jo anya granthoM meM kama mileNge| sandarbha 'zikSA, kalpo, vyAkaraNaM, niruktaM, chandovicitiH, jyotiSaM ca SaDaGgAni' ityaacaaryaaH| upakArakatvAdalaGkAraH saptamamaGgham iti yaayaavriiyH| Rte ca ttsvruupprijnyaanaadvedaarthaanvgtiH| - kAvyamImAMsA, adhyAya 2. 'AropyamANasya prakRtopayogitve prinnaam:|' - alaGkArasarvasva, pRSTha 51. 2. 'A

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candraprabhacarita aura mahAkavi vIranandI prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM nibaddha prAcIna evaM arvAcIna kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unake caritAnta nAma rakhane kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| upalabdha kAvyoM meM vimalasUri kA 'paumacariyaM' prAkRtacarita' kAvyoM meM, azvaghoSa kA 'buddhacaritam' saMskRta kAvyoM meM tathA svayambhU kavi kA paumacariu apabhraMza kAvyoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| ina tInoM meM prArambha ke do kAvya I0 kI prathama zatI ke tathA tIsarA I0 kI sAtavIM zatI kA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kA nAma isI paramparA ke anukUla hai| viSaya- prastuta grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya candraprabha kA jIvanavRtta hai, jo isake aThAraha sargoM meM samApta huA hai| prArambha ke pandraha sargoM meM caritanAyaka ke chaha atIta bhavoM kA aura anta ke tIna sargoM meM vartamAna bhava kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| solahaveM sarga meM garbhakalyANaka, satrahaveM meM janma, tapa aura jJAna tathA aThArahaveM meM mokSa kalyANaka varNita haiN| mahAkAvyocita prAsaGgika varNana aura avAntara kathAe~ bhI yatra-tatra gumphita haiN| sabhI sargoM ke antima padyoM meM 'udaya' zabda kA sanniveza hone se yaha 'udayAGka' kahalAtA hai| candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA saMkSiptasAra-candraprabhacarita meM caritanAyaka ke rAjA zrIvarmA, zrIdharadeva, samrATa ajitasena, acyutendra, rAjA padmanAbha, ahamindra aura candraprabha- ina sAta bhavoM kA vistRta varNana hai, jisakA saMkSiptasAra isa prakAra hai 1. rAjA zrIvarmA- pRSkarArdha dvIpavartI sugandhi' deza meM zrIpura nAmaka pura thaa| jahA~ rAjA zrISeNa nivAsa karate the| unakI patnI zrIkAntA putra na hone se sadA cintita rahA karatI thii| kisI dina geMda khelate baccoM ko dekhate hI usake netroM se azrudhArA pravAhita hone lgii| usakI sakhI se isa bAta ko sunakara rAjA zrISeNa use samajhAte hue kahate haiM- devi, cintA na kro| maiM zIghra hI viziSTa jJAnI muniyoM ke darzana karUMgA, aura unhIM se putra na hone kA kAraNa puuchNgaa| kucha hI dinoM ke pazcAt ve apane udyAna meM acAnaka AkAza se utarate hue cAraNaRddhi ke dhAraka munirAja ananta ke darzana karate haiN| tatpazcAt prasaGga pAkara ve unase pUchate haiM- 'bhagavan! mujhe vairAgya kyoM nahIM ho rahA hai?|' unhoMne uttara diyA- 'rAjan! putra prApti kI icchA rahane se Apako vairAgya *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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33 nahIM ho rahA hai| aba zIghra hI putra hogaa| abhI taka putra na hone kA kAraNa ApakI patnI kA pichale janma kA azubha nidAna hai|' ghara jAkara vaha apanI patnI ke patra hone kI ukta bAta ko sunAtA hai| vaha prasanna ho jAtI hai| donoM dhArmika kAryoM meM saMlagna rahane lagate haiN| itane meM hI ASTAhnika parva A jAtA hai| donoM ne ATha-ATha upavAsa kiye, ASTAhrika pUjA kI aura abhiSeka bhii| kucha hI dinoM ke bAda rAnI garbha dhAraNa karatI hai| dhIre-dhIre garbha ke cihna prakaTa hone lge| nau mAsa bItane para putraratna kI prApti hotI hai| usakA nAma zrIvarmA rakhA gyaa| vayaska hone para rAjA usakA vivAha karake yuvarAja banA detA hai| ulkApAta dekhakara rAjA ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai| phalataH vaha zrIvarmA ko apanA rAjya sauMpakara zrIprabha muni se jinadIkSA lekara ghora tapa karatA hai aura phira mukti kanyA kA varaNa karatA hai| pitA ke viyoga se yaha kucha dinoM taka zokamagna rahatA hai| zoka ke kama hone para vaha digvijaya ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| usameM vaha pUrNa saphala hokara ghara lauTatA hai| zaratkAlIna megha ko zIghra hI vilIna hote dekhakara use vairAgya ho jAtA hai| phalata: vaha apane putra zrIkAnta ko apanA uttarAdhikAra dekara zrIprabha muni ke nikaTa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai aura ghora tapazcaraNa karane lagatA hai| 2. zrIdharadeva- ghora tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se zrIvarmA pahale svarga meM zrIdharadeva hotA hai| vahA~ use do sAgaropama Ayu prApta hotI hai| usakA abhyudaya anya devoM se kahIM acchA hai| deviyoM kI dRSTi use sthAyI utsava samajhatI hai| 3. samrATa ajitasena-ghAtakI khaNDa dvIpa ke alakA nAmaka deza meM kozalA nagarI hai| vahA~ rAjA ajitaMjaya aura rAnI ajitasenA' nivAsa karate haiN| zrIdharadeva inhIM kA putra-ajitasena hotA hai, jo vayaska hote hI yuvarATIkA ja. banA diyA jAtA hai| ajitaMjaya ke dekhate-dekhate usake sabhAbhavana se ajitasena ko kukhyAta caNDaruci nAmaka asura pichale janma ke vaira ke kAraNa uThA le jAtA hai| rAjA vyAkula hokara mUrcchita ho jAtA hai| isI bIca tapobhUSaNa muni padhArate haiM aura yaha kahakara vApisa cale jAte haiM ki yuvarAja kucha dinoM ke bAda sakuzala ghara A jaaygaa| 11 udhara vaha asura use bahuta U~cAI se eka tAlAba meM girA detA hai| magaramacchoM se jUjhatA huA vaha kisI taraha kinAre para pahu~ca jAtA hai| vahA~ se vaha jyoM hI paruSA nAmakI aTavI meM praveza karatA hai tyoM hI eka bhayaGkara AdamI se dvandva chir3a jAtA hai| parAjita hone para vaha apane asalI rUpa ko prakaTa kara kahatA hai- 'yuvarAja, maiM manuSya nahIM deva huuN| merA nAma hiraNya hai| maiM ApakA mitra hU~, para Apake pauruSa ke parIkSaNa ke lie maiMne aisA vyavahAra kiyA hai, kSamA kiijie| pichale tIsare bhava meM Apa sugandhi deza ke nareza the| ApakI rAjadhAnI meM eka dina zazI ne seMdha lagAkara sUrya ke sAre dhana ko curA liyA thaa| patA lagane para Apane zazI ko kar3A daNDa diyA, jisase vaha mara gayA aura caha

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caNDaruci asura huaa| isI vaira ke kAraNa usane ApakA apaharaNa kiyaa| barAmada dhanausake svAmI ko vApisa dilavA diyaa| yuvarAja, vahI zazI marane ke bAda hiraNya nAmaka deva huA, jo isa samaya Apase bAta kara rahA hai|' 12 tatpazcAt yuvarAja vipulapura kI ora prasthAna karatA hai| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma jayavarmA, rAnI kA jayazrI aura usakI kanyA kA zaziprabhA thaa| mahendra nAmaka eka rAjA jayavarmA se usakI kanyA kI maMganI karatA hai, para kisI nimittajJAnI se use alpAyuSka jAnakara vaha svIkRti na de skaa| isase kruddha hokara mahendra jayavarmA ko yuddha ke lie lalakAratA hai| yuvarAja jayavarmA kA sAtha detA hai aura yuddha meM mahendra ko mAra DAlatA hai| isase prabhAvita hokara jayavarmA yuvarAja ke sAtha apanI kanyA zaziprabhA kA vivAha karanA cAhatA hai| itane meM vijayA kI dakSiNa zreNI ke Adityapura kA dharaNIdhvaja jayavarmA ko sandeza bhejatA hai ki vaha apanI kanyA kA vivAha mere (dharaNIdhvaja ke) sAtha kre| isake lie jayavarmA taiyAra nahIM hotaa| phalata: bhayaGkara yuddha chir3a jAtA hai| pUrvacarcita hiraNyadeva ke sahayoga se yuvarAja ajitasena dharaNIdhvaja ko bhI yuddhabhUmi meM svargavAsI banA detA hai| isake uparAnta jayavarmA zubhamuhUrta meM yuvarAja ajitasena ke sAtha apanI kanyA kA vivAha kara detA hai| phira usake sAtha apane nagara kI zobhA badalA hai| vahA~ ajitaMjaya use apanA uttarAdhikAra sauMpa dete haiN| cakravartI hone se vaha caudaha ratnoM evaM nau nidhiyoM kA svAmitva prApta karatA hai| tIrthaGkara svayaMprabha ke nikaTa ajitaMjaya jina dIkSA le letA hai aura samrATa ke hRdaya meM saccI zraddhA (samyagdarzana) jAga uThatI hai| digvijaya meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta karake samrATa ajitasena rAjya kA saMcAlana karane lagatA hai| kisI dina eka unmatta hAthI ne eka manuSya kI hatyA kara DAlI, isa duHkhada ghaTanA ko dekhakara samrATa ko vairAgya utpanna ho jAtA hai, phalata: vaha apane putra jitazatru ko uttarAdhikAra sauMpakara zivaMkara14 udyAna meM guNaprabha muni ke nikaTa jinadIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai aura ghora tapazcaraNa karatA hai| 4. acyutendra- ghora tapazcaraNa karane se vaha acyutendra ho jAtA hai| vahA~ vaha bAIsa sAgaropama Ayu kI antima avadhi taka divyasukha kA anubhava karatA hai| 5. rAjA padmanAbha- Ayu samApta hone para acyutendra acyuta svarga se cayakara dhAtakIkhaNDavartI maGgalAvatI deza ke ratnasaMcayapura meM rAjA kanakaprabha15 ke yahA~ unakI paTTarAnI suvarNamAlA16 kI kukSi se padmanAbha nAmaka putra hotA hai| kisI dina eka bUr3he baila ko daladala meM pha~sakara marate dekhakara kanakaprabha ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai| 17 phalata: vaha apane putra padmanAbha ko rAjya de detA hai aura zrIdhara muni se jinadIkSA lekara durdhara tapa karatA hai| pitA ke viraha se vaha kucha dina duHkhI rahatA hai| phira mantriyoM ke prayatna.. se vaha apane rAjya kA saMcAlana karane lagatA hai| kucha kAla bAda apane putra ko yuvarAja banAkara vaha apanI rAnI somaprabhAsa ke sAtha Anandamaya jIvana bitAne lagatA hai| kisI

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35 dina mAlI dvArA zrIdhara muni ke padhArane ke zubha samAcAra sunakara padmanAbha unake darzanoM ke lie manohara udyAna meM jAtA hai| darzana karane ke pazcAt vaha unake Age apanI tattvajijJAsA prakaTa karatA hai / ve tattvopaplava Adi darzanoM ke mantavyoM kI vistRta mImAMsA karate hue tattvoM ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / use sunakara padmanAbha kA saMzaya dUra ho jAtA hai| isake pazcAt padmanAbha ke pUchane para ve usake pichale cAra bhavoM kA vistRta vRttAnta sunAte haiN| isa vRttAnta kI satyatA para kaise vizvAsa ho ? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue munirAja ne kahA- 'rAjan! Aja se dasaveM dina eka madAndha hAthI apane jhuNDa se bichur3akara Apake nagara meM praveza kregaa| use dekhakara mere kathana para vizvAsa ho jaaygaa|' isake uparAnta munirAja se vrata grahaNa kara vaha apanI rAjadhAnI meM lauTa AtA hai| ThIka dasaveM dina eka madAndha hAthI sahasA rAjadhAnI meM ghusakara upadrava karane lagatA hai| padmanAbha use apane vaza meM kara letA hai aura usa para savAra hokara vanakrIr3A ke lie cala detA hai| isI nimitta se usa hAthI kA 'vanakeli' nAma par3a jAtA hai| krIr3A ke pazcAt padmanAbha use apanI gajazAlA meM ba~dhavA detA hai / 19 rAjA pRthvIpAla isa hAthI ko apanA batalAkara vApisa karavAnA cAhatA haiN| padmanAbha ke inakAra karane para donoM meM yuddha chir3a jAtA hai| yuddha meM pRthvIpAla mArA jAtA hai| isake kaTe sira ko dekhakara 'padmanAbha ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai, phalataH yaha zrIdhara muni se jinadIkSA lekara siMhaniSkrIDita Adi vratoM va teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA paripAlana karatA huA ghora tapa karatA hai| kucha hI samaya meM vaha dvAdazAGgazruta kA jJAna prApta karatA hai aura solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM ke prabhAva se tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha kara letA hai| 6. vaijayantezvara -- Ayu ke anta meM saMnyAsapUrvaka bhautika zarIra ko chor3akara padmanAbha vaijayanta nAmaka anuttara vimAna meM ahamindra hote haiM aura taiMtIsa sAgaropama Ayu kI antima avadhi taka vahA~ ve divya sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| 7. tIrthaGkara candraprabha-- inakA janmasthAna pUrvadeza kI candrapurI 1 hai / mAtA-pitA- inakI mAtA kA nAma lakSmaNA 22 aura pitA kA nAma mahAsena hai / yaha paTTarAnI thiiN| ikSvAkuvaMzIya mahAsena anekAneka guNoM kI dRSTi se anupama rahe / digvijaya ke samaya inhoMne aGga, Andhra, auDhra, karNATaka, kaliGga, kazmIra, kIra, ceTI, Takka, draviNa, pAJcAla, pArasIka, malaya, lATa aura sindhu Adi aneka dezoM ke narezoM ko apane adhIna kiyA thA / ratnavRSTi - digvijaya ke pazcAt candrapurI meM rAjA mahAsena ke rAjamahala meM candraprabha ke garbhAvataraNa ke chaH mAsa pahale se janma dina taka pratidina sAr3he tIna karor3a ratnoM kI vRSTi hotI rahI / garbhazodhana Adi - ratnavRSTi ko dekhakara mahAsena ko Azcarya hotA hai, para kucha

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hI samaya ke pazcAt indra kI AjJA se ATha dikkamAriyA~ unake yahA~ rAnI lakSmaNA kI sevA ke lie upasthita hotI haiN| unake sAtha hue vArtAlApa se unakA Azcarya dUra ho jAtA hai| mahAsena se anumati lekara ve unake antaHpura meM praveza karatI haiM aura lakSmaNA ke garbhazodhana Adi kAryoM meM saMlagna ho jAtI haiN| zubha svapna- mahArAnI sukhapUrvaka soyI huI thIM, itane meM unheM rAtri ke antima prahara meM solaha23 zubha svapna hue| prabhAta hote hI ve apane pati ke pAsa pahu~catI haiN| svapnaphala- patnI ke mukha se kramaza: sabhI svapnoM ko sunakara mahAsena ne unakA zubhaphala batalAyA, jise sunakara use apAra harSa huaa| garbhAvataraNa- Ayu ke samApta hote hI pUrvacarcita ahamindra vaijayanta nAmaka anuttara vimAna se cayakara prazasta (caitra kRSNA paJcamI ke)24 dina mahArAnI lakSmaNA ke garbha meM praveza karatA hai| garbhakalyANaka mahotsava-isake pazcAt indra mahAsena ke rAjamahala meM pahuMcakara garbhakalyANaka mahotsava manAte haiN| mAtA ke caraNoM kI arcanA karake ve vahA~ se vApisa cale jAte haiM, para zrI, hrI aura dhRti deviyA~ vahIM rahakara unakI sevA-zuzrUSA karatI hai| janma- pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI25 ke dina lakSmaNA sundara patra- candraprabha ko janma detI haiN| isa zubha belA meM dizAe~ svaccha ho jAtI haiM; AkAza nirmala ho jAtA hai; sugandhita vAyu kA saMcAra hotA hai; divyapuSpoM kI vRSTi hotI hai; kalpavAsI devoM ke yahA~ maNighaNTikAe~, jyotiSkoM ke yahA~ siMhanAda, bhavanavAsiyoM ke yahA~ zaGkha aura vyantaroM ke yahA~ dundubhi bAje svayameva bajane lagate haiM- ina hetuoM tathA Asana ke kampana se indra candraprabha ke janma ko jAnakara devoM ke sAtha candrapurI kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| abhiSeka- indrANI mAtA ke nikaTa mAyAmayI zizu ko sulAkara vAstavika zizu ko rAjamahala se bAhara le AtI hai| saudharmendra zizu ko donoM hAthoM meM lekara airAvata para savAra hotA hai aura sabhI devoM ke sAtha sumeru parvata kI ora prasthAna karatA hai| vahA~ pANDuka zilA para zizu ko baiThAkara devoM dvArA lAye gaye kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka karatA hai aura vividha alaMkAroM se alaMkRta karake unakA candraprabha nAma rakha detA hai| isake uparAnta saudharmendra anya indroM ke sAtha candraprabha kI26 stuti karatA hai aura phira unheM mAtA ke pAsa pahu~cAkara mahAsena se anumati lekara vApisa calA jAtA hai| ___ bAlyakAla- zizu amRtalipta apanI aMguliyoM ko cUsakara hI tRpta rahatA hai, use mA~ke dUdha kI vizeSa lipsA nahIM hotii| candrakalAoM kI bhA~ti usakA vikAsa hone lagatA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaha deva kumAroM ke sAtha geMda Adi lekara krIr3A karane yogya

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37 ho jAtA hai| isake pazcAt vaha tairanA, hAthI-ghor3e para savArI karanA Adi vividha kalAoM meM pravINa ho jAtA hai| vivAha saMskAra- vayaska hote hI mahAsena unakA vivAha saMskAra karate haiM, jisameM sabhI rAje-mahArAje sammilita hote haiN| rAjya-saMcAlana-pitA ke Agraha para candraprabha rAjya saMcAlana svIkAra karate haiN| inake rAjyakAla meM prajA sukhI rahI, kisI kA akAla maraNa nahIM huA, prAkRtika prakopa nahIM huA tathA svacakra yA paracakra se kabhI koI bAdhA nahIM huii| dina-rAtri ke samaya ko ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake ve dinacaryA ke anusAra calakara samasta prajA ko nayamArga para calane kI zikSA dete rhe| virodhI rAje-mahArAje bhI upahAra le-lekara unake pAsa Ate aura unheM namratApUrvaka praNAma karate rhe| indra ke Adeza para aneka devAGganAe~ pratidina unake nikaTa gIta-nRtya karatI rhiiN| apanI kamalA Adi aneka patniyoM ke sAtha ve cirakAla taka AnandapUrvaka rhe| vairAgya- kisI dina eka vRddha lAThI TekatA huA unakI sabhA meM jAkara dardanAka abdoM meM kahatA hai- 'bhagavan! eka nimittajJAnI ne mujhe mRtyu kI sUcanA dI hai| merI rakSA kIjie, Apa mRtyuJjaya haiM, ata: isa kArya meM sakSama haiN|' isake bAda vaha adRzya ho jAtA hai| candraprabha samajha jAte haiM ki yaha vRddha ke veSa meM deva AyA thA, jisakA nAma thA dhrmruci| isI nimitta se ve bhogoM se virakta ho jAte haiM28 aura dIkSA lene kA nizcaya karate haiN| itane meM hI vahA~ lokAntika deva A jAte haiM aura 'sAdhu' 'sAdhu' kahakara unake vairAgya kI sarAhanA karate haiN| isake uparAnta hI ve apane putra varacandra ko rAjya sauMpa dete haiN| tapa-- tatpazcAt indra aura deva candraprabha ko 'vimalA' nAma kI zivikA meM baiThAkara sakalartu29 vana meM le jAte haiM, jahA~ ve (pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI ke 1 dina) do upavAsoM kA niyama lekara siddhoM ko namana karate hue eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA lekara tapa karate haiN| isI avasara para ve pA~ca dRr3ha mRSTiyoM se keza luJcana karate haiN| devendra aura deva milakara tapa kalyANa kA utsava manAte haiM aura una kezoM ko maNimaya pAtra meM rakhakara kSIrasAgara meM pravAhita karate haiN| pAraNA- nalinapura32 meM rAjA somadatta3 ke yahA~ ve pAraNA karate haiN| isI avasara para vahA~ pA~ca Azcarya prakaTa hote haiN| kaivalya prApti- ghora tapa karake ve zukladhyAna kA avalambana lekara (phAlguna kRSNA saptamI ke dina) kaivalya- pUrNajJAna kI prApti karate haiN| samavasaraNa- kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt indra kA Adeza pAkara kubera sAr3he ATha

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38 yojana ke vistAra meM vartalAkAra samavasaraNa kA nirmANa karatA hai| 35 isake madhya gandha kuTI meM eka siMhAsana para bhagavAn candraprabha virAjamAna hue aura cAroM ora vartulAkAra bAraha prakoSThoM meM kramaza: gaNadhara aadi| divya dezanA- isake anantara gaNadhara (mukhya ziSya) ke prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn candraprabha ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- ina sAta tattvoM ke svarUpa kA vistRta nirUpaNa aisI bhASA meM kiyA, jise sabhI zrotA AsAnI se samajhate rhe| gaNadharAdikoM kI saMkhyA- dasa sahaja, dasa kevala jJAna kRta aura caudaha devaracita atizayoM tathA ATha prAtihAryoM se vibhUSita bhagavAn candraprabha ke samavasaraNa meM tirAnave gaNadhara, do hajAra 6 kuzAgrabuddhi pUrvadhArI, do lAkha caurAsI37 upAdhyAya, ATha hajAra38 avadhijJAnI, dasa hajAra39 kevalI, caudaha hajAra40 vaikriya RddhidhArI sAdhu, ATha hajAra mana:paryayajJAnI sAdhu, sAta hajAra 1 cha: sau vAdI, eka lAkha assI hajAra 2 AryikAe~, tIna lAkha samyagdRSTi zrAvaka aura pA~ca lAkha 3 vratavatI zrAvikAe~ rhiiN| yatra-tatra AryakSetra meM dharmAmRta kI varSA karate hue bhagavAn candraprabha sammedAcala (zikhara jI) ke zikhara para pahu~cate haiN| bhAdrapada zuklA saptamI ke dina avaziSTa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake dasa lAkha pUrva pramANa Ayu ke samApta hote hI ve mokSa prApta karate haiN| candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra 'candraprabhacaritam' kI kathAvastu ke AdhAra ke viSaya meM isake racayitA ne svayaM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyaa| prastuta kRti ke prArambha (1,6) meM jahA~ AcArya samantabhadra kA smaraNa kiyA hai, vahA~ kisI eka bhI purANakAra kA nhiiN| hA~, isake prathama sarga (1, 9-10) meM guruparamparA se prApta duSpraveza purANasAgara meM svayaM pravezArtha udyata hone kI carcA vIranandI ne avazya kI hai| yaha isa bAta ko dhvanita karatI hai ki prastuta kRti kI sAmagrI ke saMkalana ke liye vIranandI ne aneka vizAlakAya purANoM kA parizIlana kiyA thaa| ____ aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ve vizAlakAya purANa kauna se haiM, jo vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM vIranandI ke sAmane rhe| samprati jo purANa upalabdha haiM, unameM tIna vizAlakAya haiM- padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa aura mhaapuraann| candraprabhacarita ke. parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki vIranandI ke samakSa ina tInoM ke atirikta anya purANa bhI rahe, jo abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hue| For Private & Personal Use Only

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* vIranandI kA anveSya viSaya candraprabha kA jIvanavRtta thA, jo unheM uttarapurANa se paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha huaa| yoM yaha padmapurANa meM bhI svalpatama mAtrA meM vidyamAna hai, para harivaMza kI tulanA meM sarvathA nagaNya hai| harivaMza meM isakA jo thor3A-bahuta aMza sUtra rUpa meM upalabdha hai, vaha uttarapurANa kI tulanA meM aparyApta hai| uttarapurANa ke bAIsa (44-65) pRSThoM para candraprabha kA sAGgopAGga jIvanavRtta do sau chihattara sundara padyoM meM aGkita hai| harivaMzapurANa meM candraprabha ke janmAdi sthAnoM, pArivArika vyaktiyoM, vibhUtiyoM, atizayoM, paJcakalyANakamitiyoM aura gaNadharAdikoM kI saMkhyA Adi kA hI mukhyatayA ullekha hai| lagabhaga isI DhaMga kA atyanta hI svalpa ullekha padmapurANa meM hai| jinaratnakoza (pRSTha 119) Adi granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya guNabhadra ke atirikta anya kaviyoM ke bhI bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM meM nibaddha candraprabhacarita ke sandarbha milate haiN| niSkarSa yaha ki vIranandI ke 'purANasAgare' pada se unheM jo vipula purANavAGmaya vivakSita hai, unameM samprati uttarapurANa hI aisA hai, jise unakI kRti candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| uttarapurANa aura candraprabhacarita ke pratipAdya viSaya meM jahA~-kahIM thor3A-bahata vaiSamya hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa AdhAra hai aura jahA~ ukta donoM se yo vaiSamya hai, sambhava hai vahA~ kavi paramezvara kA 'vAgarthasaMgrahaH' nAmaka purANa AdhAra rahA ho, jisake aneka padya vIranandI ke samakAlIna cAmuNDarAya ne apane purANa meM uddhRta kiye haiN| AdipurANa ke AdhAra para nirmita purudevacampU meM yatra-tatra AdipurANa ke aneka zlokoM ko thor3e-bahuta parivartana ke sAtha apanAyA gayA hai| aisA candraprabhacarita meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| uttarapurANa ko kathAvastu kA AdhAra banAkara vIranandI ne apanI kRti meM athase iti taka sarvatra apanI maulika pratibhA kA upayoga kiyA hai| candraprabhacarita ke kevala eka sthala meM uttarapurANa ke do padoM kA thor3A-sA sAmya hai, jo akasmAt huA jAna par3atA hai| candraprabhacarita ke 'garusetuvAhite' (1,10) meM 'guru' kA artha TIkAkAra ne 'gaNadhara' aura paJjikAkAra ne 'zrIjinasenAdi' kiyA hai| yadi paJjikAkAra kA artha sAdhAra ho to uttarapurANa ko candraprabhacarita kA AdhAra mAnane kI bAta aura puSTa ho jAtI hai; kyoMki uttarapurANa jinasena kI kRti kA hI aGga hai| athavA 'zrIjinasenAdi' meM diye gaye 'Adi' se guNabhadra ko liyA jA sakatA hai| jo kucha bhI ho, yaha sunizcita hai ki vIranandI ne uttarapurANa se paryApta lAbha uThAyA hai| isake lie uttarapurANa aura candraprabhacarita kA sAmya hI sAdhaka hai, jo isa prakAra haisAmya 1. kathAnaka - donoM kA eka sA kthaank|

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2. sAtabhava- donoM meM 1. zrIvarmA, 2. zrIdharadeva, 3. ajitasena, 4. acyutendra, 5. padmanAbha, 6. vaijayantezvara aura 7. candraprabha - ina sAta bhavoM kA eka jaisA ullekh| Ayu- donoM meM zrIdharadeva, acyutendra aura vaijayantezvara kI Ayu Adi kI smaantaa| 4. nAma- donoM meM zrIvarmA, ajitasena, padmanAbha aura candraprabha ke janmAdisthAnoM evaM pArivArika vyaktiyoM ke prAya: samAna naam| munidarzana-- donoM meM cintA miTAne ke lie rAjAoM ke munidarzana kA prAyaH samAna vrnnn| munidIkSA-- donoM meM putra ke vayaska hone para pitA ke dIkSita hone kA eka-sA vrnnn| saMkhyA - donoM meM candraprabha ke gaNadharoM, pUrvadhAriyoM, upAdhyAyoM, avadhijJAniyoM, vaikriyarddhika maharSiyoM, manAparyayajJAniyoM, vAdiyoM, AryikAoM, zrAvakoM aura zrAvikAoM kI samAna sNkhyaa| chanda- donoM meM carita kI samApti meM zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM nibaddha do-do zlokoM kI rcnaa| 9. bhavoM kA ullekha- donoM meM eka-eka padya meM satoM bhavoM kA eka-sA ullekh|6 vaiSamya candraprabhacarita tathA uttarapurANa meM bha0 candraprabha ke sAtoM bhavoM ke varNana meM jo vaiSamya hai, usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra haiviSaya candraprabhacarita uttarapurANa 1. putra na hone para cintita zrISeNa kI patnI zrIkAntA zrISeNa 2. cintita hone para cAraNamuni ananta ke darzana purohita se bheMTa 3. patra na hone kA kAraNa zrIkAntA kA pichale janma x kA nidAna 4. garbhAdhAna se pahale zrIkAntA ko cAra svapna 5. zrISeNa ke dIkSAguru zrIprabha muni zrI padmajina 6. zrISeNa kA dIkSodyAna zivaMkara -

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41 viSaya candraprabhacarita uttarapurANa 7. ajitaMjaya kI rAjadhAnI kozalA ayodhyA 8. garbhadhAraNa se pUrva ajitasenA ko ATha svapna 9. ajitasena kA apahartA caNDaruci asura 10.paruSATavI ke nikaTa hiraNyadeva se ajitasena kI bheMTa 11.ajitasena ke vairAgya mRta puruSa kA avalokana x kA kAraNa 12.ajitasena ke dvArA AhAra - mAsopavAsI ariMdama muni ko 23.kanakaprabha kI pradhAna rAnI suvarNamAlA kanakamAlA 14. padmanAbha kI rAnI eka aneka 15. padmanAbha kI rAjadhAnI meM vanyagaja kA praveza 16. padmanAbha kA yuddha pRthvIpAla se 17. candraprabha kA janmasthAna candrapurI candrapura 18.kalyANakoM kI tithiyA~ kevala do (janma aura mokSa) pA~coM kI / Ananda nATaka spaSTa aspaSTa 19.candraprabha ke janmAbhiSeka ke samaya 20. candraprabha ke vivAha viSayaka zloka 21. candraprabha kI patniyA~ 22. candraprabha ke vairAgya kA aneka deva kAraNa aspaSTa darpaNa meM mukha kI vikRti sarvartuka aizAnendra dvArA 123. candraprabha kA dIkSAvana 24.samavasaraNa meM candraprabha kI stuti sakalartu x

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viSaya candraprabhacarita 25. candraprabha ke gaNadharAdikoM pahale upAdhyAya phira kI saMkhyA meM avadhijJAnI uttarapurANa pahale avadhijJAnI phira upAdhyAya isa vaiSamya para vicAra-(1) putra ke na hone para rAjA zrISeNa kA cintita honA uttarapurANa meM varNita hai| ThIka aise hI prasaMga meM raghuvaMza (1,33-34) meM dilIpa kA, raghuvaMza (10,2-4) meM dazaratha kA aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya (2,69-74) meM mahAsena kA cintAtura honA likhA hai| kintu candraprabhacarita (3,30-35) meM zrIkAntA kA cintAmagna honA carcita hai| isakA AdhAra uttarapurANa ke sthAna meM guNabhadra kI dUsarI kRti 'jinadattacaritam' hai, jisameM putra ke na hone se jIvaMjasA kI cintA kA varNana hai|47 ataeva prathama vaiSamya ke AdhAra para yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki uttarapurANa, candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra nahIM hai| (2) uttarapurANa meM zrISeNa purohita se putra prApti kA upAya pUchate haiM, para candraprabhacarita meM ve cAraNa muni ananta kA darzana karate haiM, jisase ve cintA se muka ho jAte haiN| sUkSma vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai vIranandI ne jainasaMskRti kI anukUlatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha parivartana kiyaa| . (7) uttarapurANa ke anusAra ajitaMjaya kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma ayodhyA aura candraprabhacarita ke anusAra kozalA hai| koSoM ke 8 anusAra donoM kA artha eka hI hai, ata: koI virodha nahIM hai| (9-10) candraprabhacarita meM ajitasena kA apaharaNa caNDaruci asura karatA hai, aura bAda meM puraSATavI ke nikaTa hiraNya deva se bheMTa hotI hai- yaha uttarapurANa meM carcita nahIM hai| ina ghaTanAoM kA srota anyatra na mileM to yaha mAnanA hogA ki vIranandI ne guNabhadra ke jinadattacaritam se sahAyatA lI hai| vaha isa prakAra dadhipura ke udyAna meM jinadatta kA usake svAmI seTha samudradatta se paricaya ho jAtA hai| jinadatta ke vRkSAyurveda ke jJAna kA apane udyAna meM camatkAra dekhakara samudradatta unase prasanna ho jAtA hai| phalata: vaha vasantotsava meM jinadatta kA khUba sammAna karatA hai aura phira use apane sAtha vyApAra ke nimitta siMhaladvIpa meM livA le jAtA hai| siMhaladvIpa ke rAjA meghavAhana kI putrI zrImatI ke zayanAgAra kI rakSA kI lie jo paharedAra niyukta hotA hai vaha rAtri meM mArA jAtA thaa| isase meghavAhana hairAna thaa| jinadatta ne prayatna karake usa bhayaMkara sarpa kA patA lagAkara piTArI meM banda kara diyA, jo pratidina paharedAra ko prANoM kA apaharaNa karatA rhaa| isase prasanna hokara meghavAhana ne apanI kanyA zrImatI kA jinandatta ke sAtha vivAha kara diyaa| siMhaladvIpa se lauTate samaya jinadatta kI patnI

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43 ko dekhakara seTha samudradatta kI dRSTi dUSita ho jAtI hai, phalata: vaha jinadatta ko samudra meM girAkara apane jalayAna ko drutagati se Age bar3hA le jAtA hai| jinadatta eka lakar3I kA sahArA lekara taTa kI ora bar3hane kA yatna karatA hai| itane meM do vyakti AkAzamArga se vahA~ pahu~cakara use dhamakAne lagate haiM para usa (jinadatta) ke vIratApUrNa vacanoM ko sunakara ve pAnI-pAnI ho jAte haiM aura use azokazrI nAmaka vidyAdhara ke pAsa livA jAte haiN| vaha apanI kanyA zRGgAramatI kA usake sAtha byAha kara detA hai| candraprabhacarita meM carcita hiraNyadeva pahale ajitasena ko dhamakAtA hai, para bAda meM usakI vIratA se prasanna hokara usakI sahAyatA karatA hai| rAjA jayavarmA ke pratidvandvI dharaNIdhvaja ko mArane meM ajitasena ko yahI deva sahayoga detA hai| antatogatvA rAjA jayavarmA prasanna hokara apanI kanyA zaziprabhA kA ajitasena ke sAtha vivAha kara detA hai| sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane para jinadattacarita aura candraprabhacarita kI ukta ghaTanAoM meM paryApta samAnatA hai, ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki vIranandI ne jinadattacarita se bhI sahAyatA thii| guNabhadra ne jina ghaTanAoM se jinadatta kA utkarSa siddha kiyA hai, unhIM jaisI ghaTanAoM se vIranandI ne ajitasena kaa| (13,17,23) suvarNamAlA, kanakamAlA; candrapurI, candrapura; sakalartu, sarvartaka-ye nAma kucha bhinna se pratIta hote haiM, para inakA abhiprAye bhinna nahIM hai| suvarNa kanaka kA, purI pura kA aura sakala sarvakA paryAyavAcaka hai| inameM chanda ke anurodha se thor3A-sA antara AyA hai| (15) padmanAbha kI rAjadhAnI meM eka jaMgalI hAthI ke praveza kI ghaTanA jo candraprabhacarita meM varNita hai, usakA AdhAra uttarapurANa ke sthAna meM jinadattacarita (6,81-91) pratIta hotA hai| ina donoM kRtiyoM meM varNita ghaTanAoM meM atyadhika sAmya hai| ukta ghaTanAoM ke atirikta donoM meM padyagata sAmya bhI yatra-tatra haiN| candraprabhacaritam aura jinadattacaritam ke katipaya padyoM kI kramaza: tulanA kIjie- candraprabhacarita 1,17, 2,124; 2,116; 3,31; 3,32, 3,67, 3,74; 6,17, 6,19; 6,21, 11,76-90 kramaza: jinadattacarita 1,13, 2,7; 3,74; 1,61; 1,63; 1,72; 1,75-76; 6,7, 6,9; 6,13, 6,77-91 / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki candraprabhacarita kA kathAnaka guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa se tathA katipaya ghaTanAoM ke srota unhIM ke jinadattacarita se liye gaye haiN| 4 (18) candraprabhacarita meM uttarapurANa kI bhA~ti pA~ca kalyANakoM kI pA~ca mitiyA~ na dekara 'neminirvANam' kI bhA~ti kevala do hI mitiyA~ dI gayI haiN| isakA kAraNa kauna-sI paramparA rahI hai, yaha jJAta nahIM ho skaa|

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44 zeSa viSamatAoM ke viSaya meM sambhava hai vIranandI ke sAmane koI anya AdhAra rahA ho| jo kucha bhI ho, tulanAtmaka sUkSma adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA mukhya AdhAra upalabdha purANoM meM uttarapurANa hI hai| (4) candraprabhacarita kI prAsaGgika kathAe~ (1) sunandA kA nidAna- sugandhi deza ke zrIpura nagara meM devAGgada vaNik rahatA thA, jisakI patnI kA nAma zrI aura putrI kA nAma sunandA thaa| kisI dina vaha eka garbhavatI navayuvatI ke zrIhIna zarIra ko dekhakara janmAntara meM bhI yuvAvasthA ke prArambha meM usa jaisI na hone kA nidAna bA~dha letI hai aura AjIvana gRhasthadharma kA paripAlana karatI hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt yaha saudharma svarga meM devI hotI hai| vahA~ se cayakara rAjA duryodhana kI putrI tathA rAjA zrISeNa kI patnI zrIkAntA hotI hai| pichale janma ke azubha nidAna ke kAraNa use prArambhika navayauvanA meM santAna kI prApti nahIM hotii| (candraprabhacarita 3,53-55) (2) do kisAna- sugandhi nAmaka eka deza thaa| usameM kisI samaya rAjA zrISeNa kA zAsana rhaa| unake zAsanakAla meM unhIM kI rAjadhAnI- zrIpura meM do kisAna gRhastha rahate the| unameM se eka kA nAma zazI thA aura dUsare kA suury| zazI ne kisI dina seMdha lagAkara sUrya kA sArA dhana curA liyaa| patA lagane para rAjA ne barAmada huA dhana sUrya ko dilavAyA aura zazI ko praanndnndd| corI karane se zazI nAnA kuyoniyoM ke duHkha bhogakara caNDaruci nAmaka asura hotA hai aura sUrya satkarma karane se yoniyoM ke sukha bhogakara hiraNya nAmaka deva (candraprabhacarita 6,33-35) ina kathAoM kA srota uttarapurANa meM nahIM hai| 5. candraprabhacarita meM saiddhAntika vivecana vIranandI ne candraprabhacarita ke antima sarga meM bha0 candraprabha kI divya dezanA kA prasaGga pAkara jina saiddhAntika viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, unameM mukhya haiM-sAta tattva, nau padArtha, chaH dravya, cAra gatiyA~, ATha karma, bAraha tapa, cAra dhyAna, ratnatraya aura cauMtIsa atishy| isa vivecana se abhivyakta hotA hai ki vIranandI siddhAntavid bhI rhe| isa vivecana kA AdhAra kundakunda sAhitya, tattvArthasUtra aura usake vyAkhyAgrantha Adi haiM, na ki uttrpuraann| 6. candraprabhacarita meM tattvopaplava Adi itara darzanoM kI AlocanA __ candraprabhacarita (2,43-110) meM tattvoplava darzana kI vistRta AlocanA kI gayI hai aura isI ke prasaGga se cArvAka, sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha aura mImAMsA darzanoM kI bhii| - tattvopaplava darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki vicAra karane para loka prasiddha

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45 pRthvI Adi tattva bhI jaba siddha nahIM kiye jA sakate taba (jaina darzana-mAnya) anya tattvoM kI to bAta hI kyA hai; (kyoMki ve sabhI bAdhita haiM) --- 'pRthivyAdIni tattvAni loke prasiddhAni, tAnyani vicAryamANAni na vyavatiSThante kiM punaranyAni? -- tattvopaplavasiMha, pR01| cArvAka darzana deha ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai, jo usI ke sAtha utpanna hotA hai aura usI ke sAtha samApta bhI ho jAtA hai-- janmAntara grahaNa nahIM krtaa| sAMkhyadarzana AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai, para vaha use kUTasthanitya aura akartA batalAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmA ko jar3a mAnatA hai- AtmA svayaM jJAnavAna nahIM hai, jJAna ke samavAya se jJAnavAn hai| mImAMsA darzana ko mokSa ke viSaya meM vipratipatti hai (candraprabhacarita 2,90) / candraprabhacarita kI saMskRta TIkA se isake do artha pratiphalita hote haiM- 1. mImAMsA darzana ke AcAryoM ko mokSa ke viSaya meM vivAda hai aura 2. mokSa nahIM hai| donoM artha saGgata haiN| 1. maharSi jaiminIya ne apane sUtroM meM mokSa kI carcA nahIM kii| inake uttaravartI bhaTTa aura prabhAkara ke mokSa ke mantavyoM meM vaiSamya hai| 2. nitya karmoM kA anuSThAna hI mokSa hai- niyogasiddhireva mokSaH- prakaraNapaJjikA, pR0 188-190 / jaiminIyasammata mokSa kA lakSaNa likhate hue somadevasUri ne kahA hai- koyalA aura kajjala kI bhA~ti svabhAvata: malina cittavRtta kabhI zuddha nahIM ho sakatI- yazastilaka, uttarArdha 269 / bauddhadharma jJAna kI dhArA ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| isa taraha ukta darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI vIranandI ne samAlocanA kI hai| isakI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie pAThaka prastuta grantha kA hindI anuvAda aura 'tattvasaMsiddhiH' dekha leN| isa prasaGga ko AdyopAnta par3hakara vIranandI ke dArzanika vaiduSya kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) candraprabhacarita kI jaina va jainetara granthoM se tulanA (a) jaina grantha (1) AcArya kundakunda (I0 kI pahalI zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 18,69,18,68;18 . paJcastikAya - 85 6;18,78-79 niyamasAra - 34,16,20-24. (2) AcArya umAsvAmI (vi0 1-3 zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 18,2,18,7-8 tattvArthasUtra - 1,4; 3,1 (3) pUjyapAdasvAmI (vi0 5vIM zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 18,4,18,2-350-51; sarvArthasiddhi - 1,4; 1,4 18,125-127 pR. 3 (jJAnapITha saMskaraNa)

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(4) akalaGkadeva (vi0 7vIM zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 18,43,18,23-26; tattvArthavArtika- a.3 pR. 201(jJA.saM.) 17,75 a. 3 pR. 208 (jJA.saM.) a. 3 pR. 482 (jJA.saM.) (5) bhagavajjinasena (I0 8vIM zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 -18;18,76-77 AdipurANa- parva 1,31-32; parva, 3,7; parva 24, 147 (6) nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI (vi. 11vIM zatI kA prArambha) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 18,20-21 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa -- gA. 85 . (7) mahAkavi asaga (vi. 11vIM zatI kA prArambha) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 2,142;2,138-140; vardhamAnacarita-5,12,5,14,5,18; 1,26,4, 48 7 ,64 / (8) mahAkavi haricandra52 (vi0 12vIM zatI) aura vIranandI - caM0ca0 - 18,2,18,3,18,75; dharmazarmAbhyudaya-21,8,21,9; / 18,132 21,89,21,166-67 (9) vibudha zrIdhara (vi0 12-13vIM zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 -15,27-30;15,32-34 pAsaNAhacariu53-saMdhi 3kar3a. 16-17; saMdhi 4 kar3a. 6 (A) jainetara grantha (1) mahAkavi kAlidAsa (I0 4-5 zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 -3,4;3,64;3,73; raghuvaMza- 1,24;3,8;3,16; 8,88 7,8 (2) mahAkavi bhAravi (I0 7vIM zatI) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 3,48;5,85,12,15; kirAtArjunIya- 3,7,3,12; 12,89 2,41;1,42 (3) mahAkavi mAgha (I0 7vIM zatI kA antima caraNa) aura vIranandI caM0ca0 - 15,60,5,76-77; zizupAlavadha- 5,44; 1,14-15; 6,22; 8,58; 2,13; 8,66; 14,47, 5,27

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jaina va jainetara granthoM ke sAtha kI gayI candraprabhacarita kI isa saMkSipta tulanA se vIranandI ke vyApaka adhyayana kA patA calatA hai| 8. candraprabhacarita kI sAhityika suSamA - 1 candraprabhacarita eka mahAkAvya -- nirdoSa, saguNa, sAlaGkAra aura kahIM (jahA~ rasa Adi kI spaSTa pratIti ho) niralaGkAra bhI zabda aura artha donoM kA jahA~ sundara sanniveza ho use kAvya kahate haiM / 54 dRzya kI bhA~ti zravyakAvya kI bhI aneka vidhAe~ haiM / mahAkAvya unhIM meM se eka hai| ATha sargoM se adhika sargabaddha racanA ko mahAkAvya kahate haiM / isameM deva yA dhIrodAttatva Adi guNoM se vibhUSita kulIna kSatriya eka nAyaka hotA hai / kahIM eka vaMza ke kulIna aneka rAjA bhI nAyaka hote haiN| isameM zRGgAra, vIra aura zAntaina tInoM meM se koI eka rasa aGgI (pradhAna) hotA hai aura zeSa aGga (apradhAna) / nATakoM kI bhA~ti isameM bhI mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza aura nirvahaNa - ye pA~ca sandhiyA~ hotI haiN| isakI kathA aitihAsika yA lokavikhyAta sajjana se sambaddha hotI hai| isameM dharma Adi cAroM puruSArthoM kI carcA rahatI hai, para phala kA sambandha eka se hI rahatA hai| isakA Arambha AzIrvAda, namaskAra yA varNya vastu ke nirdeza se hotA hai, isameM durjanoM kI niMdA aura sajjanoM kI prazaMsA rahatI hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga rahatA hai, para usake anta meM anya chandoM kA bhI / kisI eka sarga meM aneka chanda bhI prayukta hote haiN| sarga ke anta meM agale sarga kI kathA kI sUcanA rahatI hai / 55 isake varNya viSaya haiM-- rAjA, 57 rAnI, 58 purohita, 59 kumAra, 60 amAtya, senApati, deza, 61 grAma, pura, sarovara, samudra, 65 sarit, 66 udyAna, 67 parvata, 68 aTavI,' mantraNA, dUta, prayANa,72 mRgayA-azva,73 gaja, 74 Rtu, 75 sUrya, 76 candra, 77 Azrama, 78 yuddha, 79 vivAha, viyoga, surata, 1 svayaMvara, puSpa vacaya' aura jlkriidd'aa| 83 AlaGkArikoM ke abhipreta mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa kI kasauTI para candraprabhacarita kA mahAkAvyatva kharA utaratA hai, jo sarvamAnya hai / 6 62 63 64 69 70 71 80 47 nAmakaraNa-- sAhityadarpaNa (6, 324) ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA nAma kavi ke nAma para, jaise mAgha; varNyaviSaya ke nAma para, jaise kumArasambhava; nAyaka ke nAma para, jaise vikramAGkadeva carita; athavA raghuvaMza Adi kI bhA~ti vaMza Adi ke nAma para bhI rakhA jAtA hai| prastuta candraprabhacarita kA nAmakaraNa isake nAyaka candraprabha ke nAma ke AdhAra para huA hai, jo sadvaMza kSatriya rahe / maGgalAcaraNa 4- kAvyAdarza (1,14) ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA prArambha AzIrvAdAtmaka kiMvA namaskArAtmaka maGgalAcaraNa se yA sIdhe vastu nirdeza se bhI hotA hai / candraprabhacarita kA prArambha AzIrvAdAtmaka (tIna padya) aura namaskArAtmaka (caturtha padya) maGgalAcaraNa se huA hai|

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48 candraprabhacarita kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana- raghuvaMza, kirAtArjunIyam, mAgh aura naiSadhIyacarita - ina cAra mahAkAvyoM kI vidvatsaMsAra meM vizeSa khyAti hai / yahA~ inhIM ke sAtha candraprabhacarita ke kucha aMzoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta hai / 1. maGgalAcaraNa - kirAta, mAgha aura naiSadha kA prArambha vastunirdeza se huA hai| isI meM maGgalAcaraNa kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, jaisA ki unakI TIkAoM se jJAta hotA hai| raghuvaMza meM kAlidAsa ne namaskArAtmaka maGgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne apane ArAdhya pArvatI aura paramezvara (zivajI) kA abhivAdana kiyA hai| isakA mukhya uddezya zabda artha kA jJAna prApta karanA hai| vIranandI ne jagatkalyANa ke uddezya se candraprabhacarita ke prathama padya meM RSabhadeva ko, lokazAnti ke uddezya se dvitIya padya meM candraprabha ko, AtmazAnti ke uddezya se tIsare padya meM zAntinAtha ko aura viziSTa guNoM kI prApti ke uddezya se cauthe padya meM mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA hai| maGgalAcaraNa ke ina padyoM se abhivyakta udAttabhAvanA kI dRSTi se vIranandI kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha aura zrIharSa - ina cAroM kaviyoM se Age haiN| 2. sajjana - durjanoM kA varNana - raghuvaMza Adi cAroM mahAkAvyoM meM sajjana - durjanoM kA varNana nahIM hai, para candraprabhacarita ( 1, 7-8 ) meM hai| isa prasaGga meM eka mArmika bAta yaha bhI draSTavya hai ki vIranandI ne durjanoM ko bhI guru mAnakara namana kiyA hai / 85 kAvyetara grantha apane niyata viSayoM kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM, para kAvya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha prasaGgataH anyAnya viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| nIrasa viSaya bhI kAvya ke samparka se sarasa bana jAte haiN| isI dRSTi se vIranandI ne sajjana- durjanoM kA bhI AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| 3. dvIpa varNana - candraprabhacarita meM kanakaprabha Adi sabhI rAjAoM ke anya varNana ke sAtha unake dvIpoM kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai, para raghuvaMza Adi cAroM mahAkAvyoM meM rAjAoM ke dvIpoM kI, jinake ve nivAsI rahe, carcA nahIM hai / candraprabhacarita kI bhA~ti unakI bhI kathAvastu paurANika hai, ataH purANoM ke AdhAra para unameM bhI yaha carcA dI jA sakatI thI / 4. deza - pura- varNana - candraprabhacarita meM maGgalAvatI Adi aneka dezoM evaM ratnasaJcaya Adi puroM kA sajIva varNana draSTavya hai| inake varNana ke prAya: antima padyoM meM parisaMkhyAlaGkAra meM vahA~ kI sAmAjika sthiti para sundara prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaise2, 122; 2, 138-39 aadi| yaha bAta raghuvaMza Adi cAroM meM nahIM hai| 5. nAyakavarNana - mahAkAvya meM usake nAyaka kA utkarSa dikhalAnA kavi kA mukhya lakSya hotA hai| candraprabhacarita meM isakI jitanI pUrti kI gayI hai, raghuvaMza Adi -

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49 cAroM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / candraprabhacarita meM nAyaka kA kramika utkarSa, pichale sAtaveM janma se zurU hotA hai jo candraprabha ke bhava meM carama sImA taka pahu~catA hai| vAgbhaTa, asaga, vAdirAja, haricandra aura arhaddAsa Adi jaina mahAkaviyoM ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM isI DhaMga se nAyakoM kA utkarSa siddha kiyA hai| kAdambarI meM isakI AMzika jhalaka milatI hai, para vaha mahAkAvya meM nahIM hai| raghuvaMza meM dilIpa se lekara agnivarNa paryanta rAma kI aneka pIr3hiyoM kA varNana hai, na ki unakI bhavAvalI kA / mAgha (1,42-68) meM zizupAla ke pichale bhavoM kA varNana hai, para vaha nAyaka nahIM, pratinAyaka hai| kumArasambhava (1,21) meM pArvatI ke pichale bhava kA ullekha hai, kintu vaha bhI nAyaka nahIM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki nAyaka kA utkarSa dikhalAne vAlI bhavAvalI jisa taraha candraprabhacarita meM varNita hai, usa taraha raghuvaMza Adi cAroM meM nahIM hai / bhavAvalI ke varNana se mahAkAvya meM purANatva A jAyegA, yaha bAta sarvamAnya nahIM ho sktii| kisI bhI vyakti ke vartamAna jIvana ke utkarSa meM usake pichale janmoM kI sAdhanA kA prabhAva rahatA hai| vartamAna jIvana kI bhI pichalI sAdhanA usake bhAvI utkarSa kA hetu hotI hai- yaha svAbhAvika hai| ataeva uttarapurANa ke AdhAra para candraprabhacarita meM nAyaka ke pichale chaH bhavoM kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha usa (candraprabhacarita) ke vaiziSTya kA paricAyaka hai| 6. nAyikA varNana candraprabhacarita meM candraprabha kI patnI ke atirikta unake pichale janmoM se sambaddha suvarNamAlA, zrIkAntA, ajitasenA Adi kA bhI varNana hai| inakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kisI kA bhI nakhazikha varNana nahIM kiyA gayA, sabhI ke zIla Adi guNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake lie candraprabhacarita ke 1,55; 3,16 Adi padya draSTavya haiN| raghuvaMza, mAgha aura kirAta meM mukhya nAyikAoM kA nAma mAtra kA hI varNana hai / naiSadha damayantI kA nakhasikha varNana hai, na ki zIla Adi kA / ataH candraprabhacarita kA nAyikA varNana prastuta cAroM mahAkAvyoM se vilakSaNa hai| 7. nAyikAoM kI ceSTAoM kA varNana - kisI viziSTa vyakti ke Ane para use dekhane ke lie svAbhAvika kautUhala ( vaha icchA, jise rokA na jA sake) vaza nAyikAoM meM aneka ceSTAe~ utpanna hotI haiN| inakA sajIva citraNa candraprabhacarita (7, 82-90), raghuvaMza (7,6-12), mAgha (13, 31-48) aura naiSadha (16, 126-127) draSTavya hai / kirAta meM isa prasaGga ke padya dRSTigocara nahIM hue| isa prasaGga kA candraprabhacarita (7,87) kA padya atyanta sundara hai, jisakA bhAva hai-- koI anya nAyikA aMguliyoM aMguliyA~ milAkara donoM bAhuoM ko apane sira para rakhakara jamuhAI lene lagI, jisase vaha aisI jAna par3I mAno samrAT ajitasena ko dekhakara hRdaya meM praveza karane vAle kAmadeva

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ke nimitta se mAGgalika toraNa taiyAra kara rahI ho| aisI anUThI kalpanA raghuvaMza Adi.. meM khojane para bhI nahIM milii| candraprabhacarita isa prasaGga ke anya padya bhI abhinava kalpanAoM se anusyUta haiM, ata: candraprabhacarita kA yaha prasaGga raghuvaMza Adi cAroM kAvyoM ke samIkSya sandarbha se kahIM adhika stutya hai| / prastuta prasaGga ke naiSadha (16, 127), mAgha (13,35), raghuvaMza (7,11) tathA candraprabhacarita (7,87) ke padyoM meM kramaza: camatkRti adhika hai| naiSadha kA yaha padya aneka dRSTiyoM se doSapUrNa bhI hai| yoM naiSadha zreSTha mahAkAvyoM meM se eka hai, para ukta padya usake rUpa ke anurUpa nahIM hai| 8. RtuvarNana-RtuoM kA varNana prAya: sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM rahatA hai| raghuvaMza (9, 24-47) meM vasanta, kirAta (10,19-36) meM varSA, hemanta, vasantaM aura grISma evaM (4,1-36) meM zarad, mAgha (6,1-79) meM sabhI tathA candraprabhacarita (8.1-51) meM vasanta varNita hai| naiSadha (1,75-106) meM nala ke krIDAvana meM eka hI sAtha aneka RtuoM ke phUla, phala aura pakSI varNita haiM, isake atirikta svatantra Rtu varNana nahIM kiyA gyaa| isa prasaMga ke padyoM meM bhAravi aura zrIharSa ko chor3akara zeSa (kAlidAsa, mAgha aura vIranandI) ne yama kA prayoga kiyA hai| raghuvaMza ke prasaMga ke padyoM ke kevala uttarArdha meM, mAgha ke uttarArdha ke sAtha kisI-kisI padya ke pUrvArdha meM bhI yamaka prayukta hai, para candraprabhacarita ke sabhI padyoM ke pUvArdha aura uttarArdha donoM meM hii| candraprabhacarita ke dvitIya sarga (11-23) meM rAjA padmanAbha ke udyAna meM yugapad sabhI RtuoM ke phala-phUla aura pakSI varNita haiN| isa sandarbha meM camatkArapUrNa arthAlaGkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| isakI eka jhalaka naiSadha (1,75-106) meM dRSTigocara hotI hai, jo kirAta meM nahIM ke barAbara hai| ata: isa prasaMga kI racanA meM candraprabhacarita kA apanA svatantra vaiziSTya hai| 9. parvata varNana- alaGkArazAstra ke nirdezAnusAra mahAkAvyoM ke varNya viSayoM meM parvata bhI hai, para raghuvaMza aura naiSadha meM isake varNana ke lie svatantra sarga dRSTigocara nahIM hote| kirAta, mAgha aura candraprabhacarita meM kramaza: himAlaya, raivataka (giranAra) aura maNikUTa parvata ke varNana ke lie pA~caveM, cauthe tathA caudahaveM sarga kA svatantra upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM bhAravi ne caudaha aura mAgha ne unnIsa chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai to vIranandI ne bIsa kaa| jaloddhRtagati, drutavilambita, puSpitAgrA, praharSiNI, pramitAkSarA, mAlinI, vasantatilakA, zAlinI aura mAlinI, ina nau chandoM kA ukta tInoM mahAkaviyoM ne parvata varNana ke prasaMga meM samAna rUpa se upayoga kiyA hai| prastuta sandarbha meM bhAravi ne kAntotpIDA aura prabhA kA, mAgha ne AryAgIti, kurIrutA, pathyA, mattamayUra vaMzastha, sumaMgalA evaM sragviNI kA tathA vIranandI ne atirucirA, indravajrA, pRthvI, mandAkrAntA aura rathoddhatA chandoM kA eka-dUsare se bhinna prayoga kiyA hai| ina tInoM

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51 mahAkAvyoM ke prastuta prasaMga ke prAyaH sabhI padya camatkArapUrNa haiM, para svAbhAvikatA kI dRSTi se vIranandI kahIM-kahIM donoM se Age cale jAte haiN| 10. sUryAsta Adi kA varNana - kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza meM yatra-tatra prabhAta Adi kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA hai, para isake lie kisI pUre sarga kA upayoga nahIM kiyA / zrIharSa ne naiSadha ke unnIsaveM sarga meM prabhAta kA varNana kiyA hai, jo mAgha kI tulanA meM phIkA hai| bhAravi ne kirAta ke navama sarga meM aura mAgha ne mAgha ke tIna (9-11) sargoM meM sUryAsta se prabhAta taka kA, jisameM goSThI, madhupAna, praNayAlApa tathA sambhoga zRGgAra bhI sammilita haiM, AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| vIranandI ne candraprabhacarita ke dazama sarga meM madhupAna ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kA camatkArapUrNa varNana kiyA hai, jo kirAta aura mAgha se bhI acchA hai| isa prasaGga ke padyoM kA pAThaka vIranandI kI zlAghA kiye binA nahIM raha sakatA / sUryAsta ke prasaMga meM kirAta (9, 1), mAgha (9, 1) aura candraprabhacarita (10,1) ko dhyAna se par3hane para tInoM kI camatkRti kA uttarottara prakarSa jJAta hone lagatA hai| kevala eka hI padya nahIM dasavA~ sarga pUrA kA pUrA camatkAroM se bharA huA hai, camatkAra kA mUlakAraNa ukti vaicitrya hai / isa dRSTi se vIranandI prastuta anya kaviyoM se kahIM adhika saphala hue haiN| 11. yuddha varNana - mahAkAvya meM yuddha jaise bhayAvaha viSaya kA bhI sarasa varNana kiyA jAtA hai| raghuvaMza ke tIna ( 3, 7, 12) sargoM ke kucha padyoM meM yuddha kA saMkSipta kintu sAragarbha varNana hai / kirAta ke pUre pandrahaveM tathA mAgha ke unnIsa - bIsaveM sargoM meM yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / candraprabhacarita ke pUre pandrahaveM sarga meM yuddha kA vistRta varNana hai| raghuvaMza kI bhA~ti anya sargoM meM bhI isakA jo saMkSipta varNana hai, vaha isase bhinna hai / kirAta aura mAgha kI bhA~ti candraprabhacarita meM varNita yuddha ke ardhacandra, asi, kunta, kavaca, gadA, cakra, cApa, parazu, prAsa, bANa, mudgara, yaSTi, vajramuSTi, zaGku aura zakti Adi astra-zastroM ke prayoga kA ullekha hai| kAlidAsa ne yuddha-varNana ke padyoM meM arthacitra ko aura bhAravi tathA mAgha ne zabdacitra ko mukhyatA dI hai, para vIranandI ne isa sandarbha meM madhyamArga kA Azraya liyA hai| isIlie inhoMne eka padya meM ekAkSara citra, eka padya meM TryAkSara citra tathA kucha padyoM meM yamaka kA prayoga kiyA aura zeSa meM arthacitra kA | zabdacitra ke pradarzana meM bhAravi aura mAgha donoM paTu haiM, para isameM mAgha adhika saphala hue haiN| raghuvaMza kI bhA~ti candraprabhacarita ke yuddhavarNana meM vIra rasa kA jo AsvAda prApta hotA hai, kirAta aura mAgha meM nahIM / candraprabhacarita kA varNyaviSaya kirAta aura mAgha jaisA hai, para bhASA aura zailI raghuvaMza jaisI / yahI kAraNa hai ki yuddha jaise viSaya meM bhI vIranandI ko kAlidAsa kI hI bhA~ti saphalatA prApta huI hai| caindraprabhacarita ke prastuta prasaMga meM eka vizeSa bAta yaha bhI hai ki raNAGgaNa meM vijaya pAne vAle rAjA padmanAbha ko jaba usake eka sainika ne pratidvandvI rAjA pRthvIpAla kA

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3 kaTA huA sira dikhalAyA to use usI samaya vairAgya ho gyaa| isa avasara para usake mukha se jo udgagAra nikale ve stutya haiN| anta meM vaha pRthvIpAla kA rAjya usake patra ko aura apanA rAjya apane putra ko dekara zrIdhara muni ke nikaTa jina dIkSA le letA hai| mAgha ke antima sarga meM bha0 kRSNa dvArA yuddha meM zizupAla ke sira kATane kA ullekha hai, para usake bAda candraprabhacarita jaise vicAroM kA varNana nahIM hai| isa DhaMga kA varNana raghuvaMza, kirAta yA anya kisI mahAkAvya meM abhI taka dRSTigocara nahIM huaa| kisI bhI acche yA bure kAma ke bAda usake karane vAle vyakti ke hRdaya meM kucha-na-kucha vicAra avazya utpanna hote haiN| satkavi dvArA unakI carcA avazya kI jAnI caahie| niSkarSa yaha ki candraprabhacarita kA yuddhavarNana bhI apane DhaMga kA eka hai| 12. caturtha puruSArtha kA varNana- bhAmaha ne (kAvyA0 1,2) meM kAvya-prayojana batalAte hue likhA hai- satkAvya kI racanA dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa, kalA pravINatA, Ananda evaM kIrti pradAna karatI hai| vizvanAtha ne (sAhityadarpaNa1,2) meM likhA hai ki alpamati vyaktiyoM ko bhI vizeSa parizrama kiye binA dharma Adi puruSArthoM ke phala kI prApti kAvya se hI ho sakatI hai, at:.....| isa prayojana kI dRSTi se vIranandI apane kAvya nirmANa meM pUrNa saphala hue haiN| kAvyocita anyAnya viSayoM ke sAtha candraprabhacati meM cAroM puruSArthoM para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| candraprabhacarita ke antima sarga meM kevala caturtha puruSArtha kA hI varNana hai| isameM sAta tattva, mokSa kA svarUpa aura usake prApta karane ke upAya- ina viSayoM kA vistRta varNana hai| isakA sIdhA sambandha candraprabha kI divya dezanA se hai| nAyaka kI mukti prApti para prastuta mahAkAvya kI samApti huI hai| satkAvyoM ke adhyayana se caturvarga rUpa phala kI prApti alaGkAra granthoM meM batalAyI gayI hai to dharma se lekara mokSa paryanta cAroM vargoM yA puruSArthoM kA varNana bhI satkAvyoM meM honA cAhie, jaisA ki candraprabhacarita meM hai| raghuvaMza Adi cAroM jainetara kAvyoM meM yaha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kisI ekAdha padya se isakA sambandha jor3a diyA jAye to vaha alaga bAta hogii| candraprabhacarita kA aGgI rasa zAnta hai, jisakA phala mokSa hai, ata: isameM mokSa puruSArtha kA varNana Avazyaka thA, jise vIranandI ne pUrA kiyaa| isa tulanAtmaka saMkSipta adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki vIranandI apane mahAkAvya ke nirmANa meM kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha aura zrIharSa Adi mahAkaviyoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika saphala hue haiN| vIranandI yadi jaina na hote to inakA mahAkAvya bhI raghuvaMza Adi kI bhA~ti khyAti prApta karatA aura pracAra meM bhI A jaataa| 9. candraprabhacarita meM rasa yojanA 'sa kaviryasya vaco na nIrasam' (candraprabhacarita 12, 108)- isa ukti se spaSTa hai ki vIranandI kI dRSTi meM zreSTha kavi vaha hai, jisakA kAvya sarasa ho| yahI kAraNa

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53 hai ki candraprabhacarita meM Adi se anta taka rasa kI avicchinna dhArA pravAhita hai| yahA~ isake mukhya rasoM kA ullekha prastuta hai| zAntarasa- candraprabhacarita kA aGgI (pradhAna) rasa zAnta hai, jo isake prathama, dvitIya, caturtha, paJcama, ekAdaza, paJcadaza (133-161), saptadaza aura antima aSTAdaza sarga meM pravAhita hai| ina sargoM meM virakti ke kAraNoM ke milane para saMsAra, zarIra, yauvana, jIvana aura viSayoM kI anityatA, manidarzana, dIkSA, tapasyA, divya dezanA aura mukti kI prApti varNita hai| udAharaNa ke lie 1, 78; 4, 25; 11, 17; 15, 135; 17, 69 ityAdi padya draSTavya haiN| zRGgArarasa- candraprabhacarita ke saptama sarga ke bayAsIveM padya se lekara dazama sarga ke anta taka zRGgAra rasa pravAhita hai| saptama sarga ke ukta aMza meM digvijaya ke uparAnta samrAT ajitasena apanI rAjadhAnI meM praveza karate haiN| inheM dekhane vAlI nAyikAoM kI vividha ceSTAe~ zRGgAra rasa (pUrvarAga) ko abhivyakta karatI haiN| aSTama sarga meM vasanta Rtu, navama meM upavana yAtrA, upavana vihAra evaM jalakrIr3A tathA dazama meM yaMkAla, andhakAra, candrodaya aura rAtrikrIr3A (surata) varNita haiM, jinameM sambhoga aura vipralambha donoM kA AsvAda milatA hai| anya sargoM meM bhI nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM zRGgAra rasa vidyamAna hai| 7, 83, 8, 39; 9, 24; 10, 60 ityAdi padya zRGgAra rasa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM draSTavya haiN| pati-patnI ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna rati (sthAyIbhAva) yadi eka-dUsare ke prati ho to vaha vibhAva, anubhAva aura saJcArI bhAva ke saMyoga se zRGgAra rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| yadi yahI rati deva, muni yA rAjA Adi ke viSaya meM ho to vaha 'bhAva' rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai| isake udAharaNa isa prakAra haiN| deva viSayA rati-17, 32; muniviSayA rati 11, 42; rAjaviSayA rati - 12-68 / / vIrarasa- gyArahaveM sarga (85-92) meM tathA pandrahaveM (1-131) meM vIrarasa hai| gyArahaveM sarga ke anta meM rAjA padmanAbha dvArA adamya utsAhapUrvaka, rAjadhAnI meM pralaya macAne vAle eka jaMgalI hAthI ko vaza meM lAne kA varNana hai aura pandrahaveM sarga ke isI hAthI ko apanA batalAkara apamAnajanaka vyavahAra karane vAle rAjA pRthvIpAla ke sAtha padmanAbha ke yuddha kA varNana hai, jo vIrarasa se AplAvita hai| 15, 36; 15, 48; 15, 58; 15, 99 ityAdi padya isake udAharaNa ke lie avalokanIya haiN| raudrarasa- candraprabhacarita ke chaThe sarga meM kukhyAta caNDaruci nAmaka asura pichale *vaira ke kAraNa rAjakumAra ajitasena kA apaharaNa karake usakI hatyA kA duSprayAsa karatA hai| rAjA mahendra rAjA jayavarmA kI anupama sundarI kanyA zaziprabhA ko balAt chInane ke lie yuddha cher3a detA hai aura isake parAjita hone para dharaNIdhvaja bhI zaziprabhA ko

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54 pAne ke uddezya se yuddha ke maidAna meM utara AtA hai, para jayavarmA mahendra kI bhA~ti isake bhI chakke chur3A detA hai| ina tInoM prasaMgoM meM raudrarasa kA paripoSa huA hai| vIbhatsarasa-- candraprabhacarita ke (15, 53) Adi katipaya padyoM meM vIbhatsarasa abhivyakta hai, jisameM mAMsa evaM raktAsava ke sevana se unmatta DAkaniyoM kA ghaDoM ke sAtha nAcanA hai| karuNarasa- * candraprabhacarita (5, 55-71 ) meM karuNa rasa6 pravAhita hai, jahA~ apahRta putra ke zoka meM usake pitA ajitaMjaya kA vilApa varNita hai| isake udAharaNa ke lie 5, 58, 5, 62 Adi padya draSTavya haiN| adbhutarasa-- candraprabhacarita (5, 72-73) meM adbhuta rasa kA AsvAda hotA hai, jahA~ AkAza mArga se utarate hue dIptisampanna eka cAraNa muni ko akasmAt dekhate hI ajitaMjaya aura usakI sabhA kA vismita honA varNita hai| vAtsalyarasa-- candraprabhacarita ( 17, 43-48) meM vAtsalya rasa kA bhI paripoSa huA hai, jahA~ zizu candraprabha kI bAlalIlA ko dekhakara unake mAtA-pitA AnandA anubhava karate haiN| bharata muni kI bhA~ti vizvanAtha kavirAja (sAhityadarpaNa 3, 251) ise svatantra ra mAnA hai| yadi yaha rasa vIranandI ko mAnya na rahA ho, to ukta sandarbha meM putraviSayaka ratibhAva svIkArya honA cAhie / bhaktirasa, laulyarasa aura sneharasa Adi sarvamAnya nahIM haiM, ataH candraprabhacarita meM inheM khoja nikAlanA niSphala hogaa| isa taraha candraprabhacarita meM aGgAGgIbhAva se prAyaH sabhI rasa pravAhita hue haiN| 10. candraprabhacarita meM alaGkAra yojanA candraprabhacarita meM jina alaGkAroM kA sanniveza hai, unakA eka-eka udAharaNa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| (ka) zabdAlaGkAra chekAnuprAsa - divyAn divyAkArakAntAsahAyo bhogAn bhogI nirvizannirvizaGkaH / rAjyabhraMzitAkAralokazcakre rAjyaM yahA~ vyaJjanoM kI eka-eka bAra AvRtti hone se chekAnuprAsa hai| isameM svarasAmya nahIM dekhA jaataa| vRttyanuprAsa -- cakrI pUrvapuNyodayena / / 7,94 itthaM nArI: kSaNarucirucaH kSobhayannItirakSaH kSINakSobhaH kSapitanikhilArAtipakSo'mbujAkSaH /

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kSoNInAtho vinihitamahAmaGgaladravyazobhaM prApattejovijitatapano mandiradvAradezam / / 7,11 yahA~ vyaJjanoM kI aneka bAra AvRtti hone se vRttyanuprAsa aura AnunAsika varNoM kI AvRtti ke kAraNa zrutyAnuprAsa bhI hai| inake atirikta luptopamA (arthAlaGkAra) bhI vidyamAna hai| zrutyanuprAsa nayena nRNAM vibhavena nAkinAM gataspRhANAM vinayena yoginAm / mahIbhujAmeSa nijena tejasA tanoti citte satataM camatkRtim / / 11,52 AnunAsika varNoM kI AvRtti hone se yahA~ zrutyanuprAsa hai aura uttarArdha meM 'ta' kI aneka bAra AvRtti hone se vRttyanuprAsa bhI / inake atirikta dIpaka (arthAlaGkAra) bhI hai| antyAnuprAsa mAnonmAdavyapanayacaturAzcaitrArambhe vidadhati madhurAH / yUnAmasmin ghaTitayuvatayo dUtIkRtyaM parabhRtarutayaH / / 14, 30 pUrvArdha ke caraNoM meM 'rA:' aura uttarArdha ke donoM caraNoM ke anta meM 'taya' kI AvRtti hone se yahA~ antyAnuprAsa hai| athavA 55 sahasaiva samudbhidya susruve kariNAM kaTaiH / bheje ko'pi mahotsAho romAJcakavacairbhaTaiH : / / 15,29 pUrvArdha aura uttarArdha ke anta meM 'Tai:' kI AvRtti hone se yahA~ antyAnuprAsa hai| padayamaka bhUribhairavadhIrAyA ruSThaiH pratigajazruteH bhUribhairavadhIrAyAH samadAnaiH svapANinA / / 15,10 yahA~ prathama aura tRtIya caraNoM meM ayutAvRttimUlaka pAdayamaka hai| yahA~ visargakRta doSa nahIM hai, jaisA ki vAgbhaTA0 (1,20) meM batalAyA gayA hai| pAdayamaka - zastraprahArairgurubhiH samudA yena yojitaH / tenAmarSAt punaH so'strasamudAyena yojitaH / / 15,45 yahA~ dvitIya tathA caturtha caraNa meM ayutAvRttimUlaka padayamaka hai|

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56 padayamaka_senA senA yatI bddhraajiraajismutsukaa| cakre cakreSukhaGgAkhasArA saaraatisaadhvsm|| 15,20 yahA~ saMyutAvRttimUlaka pratipAdAdi padayamaka hai| padayamakavaNikpathastUpitaralasaMcayaM samasti tasminnatha rtnsNcym| puraM yadAlAnitamattavAraNairvibhAti hamyaizca smttvaarnnaiH||1,21 yahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka pratyardhabhAgabhinna pAdAntya padayamaka hai| padayamaka - yathA palAzAstatreza zobhante nvkiNshukaiH| tathaiva jambUtaravo virAjante na kiNshukaiH||2,17 yahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka padyArdhAntya padayamaka hai| padayamaka - bhayAt palAyamAnasya kAmasya galitaH kraat| bANAvalirivAbhAti baannaavliritsttH||2,20 yahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka tRtIya-caturtha pAdAdigata padayamaka hai| padayamaka tatra zAsati mahIM janatAyAstrAtari krmsrojntaayaaH| modayanmadhurabhUnmadhupAnAM saMtatiM kRtglnmdhupaanaam|| 8, 1 yahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka prathama-dvitIya-tRtIya-caturthapAdAntagata padayamaka hai| candraprabhacarita ke AThaveM, caudahaveM tathA pandrahaveM sarga meM aise hI udAharaNa aura bhI haiN| varNayamaka- sapauraH sasuhRdvargaH sakalatraH sabAndhavaH / satanUjaH sasAmantaH sa cacAla ssainikH|| 2,30 yahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka Adyanta varNayamaka hai| ekAkSaracitra- rairorA rairarairerI roro rorurarerari ruruuruurururuuruuroraaraariirairurorrm||15,39 Adi se anta taka kevala 'ra' vyaJjana ke hone se yahA~ eka vyaJjanacitra yA

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ekAkSaracitra hai| vyakSaracitra- dhiirdhiiraarirudhirairurudhaaraadhrairrm| dharA dharAdharAdhArA rurudhe'dho'dhraadhraa||15,49 Adi se anta taka 'dha' aura 'ra' - ina do vyaJjanoM ke rahane se yahA~ dvivyaJjanacitra yA vyakSara citra hai| kAkuvakrokti vizadAmasamujjhitAnvayAM nysaaraamvihiinsausstthvaam| girameSa kadAcidIdRzImabhidadhyAdathavA bRhsptiH||12, 100 'athavA bRhaspati bhI kabhI aise vacana kaha sakate haiM?' - isa taraha kaNThadhvani ke parivartana ke sAtha artha karane para yahA~ 'kAkuvakrokti' alaGkAra ghaTita hotA hai| (kha) arthAlaGkAra , candraprabhacarita meM jina arthAlaGkAroM kA pracura mAtrA meM sanniveza hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM- pUrNopamA (1,31), mAlopamA, (16,17), luptopamA (11,15), upameyopamA (10,27), pratIpa (3,3), rUpaka (15,53), paramparitarUpaka(1.10), pariNAma (5,60), bhrAntimAn (1,26;1,27,6,9;9,30,15,5,14,32,14,38 Adi), apahRti (5,43), kaitavApahRti (14,64), utprekSA (1,13), atizayokti (16,36), antadIpaka (1,45), tulyayogitA (15,135), prativastUpamA (1,63), dRSTAnta (11,21), nidarzanA (4,24), vyatireka (1,44), sahokti (3,66), samAsokti (1,16), parikara (17,62), zleSa (2,142), aprastutaprazaMsA (15,134), paryAyokta (16,26), anya prakAra kA paryAyokta (9,24), virodhAbhAsa (1,37), vibhAvanA (1,59), anya prakAra kI vibhAvanA (6,66), vizeSokti (4,6), viSama (15,130), adhika (2,24), anyonya (14,14), kAraNamAlA (4,37; 4,38), ekAvalI (1,35), parivRtti (9,43), parisaMkhyA (2,138), samuccaya (3,49), arthApatti (1,73), kAvyaliGga (4,19), arthAntaranyAsa (4,11), tadguNa (14,29), lokokti (2,26), svabhAvokti (14,63), udAtta (2,128), anumAna (9,13), rasavat (15,8), preya (15, 144), Urjasvit (8,20), samAhita (8,45), bhAvodaya (8,21), saMsRSTi (1,10) aura saGkara87 (8,43) / 11. candraprabhacarita meM chanda yojanA candraprabhacarita meM eka mAtrika (aupacchandasika) aura tIsa varNika chanda prayukta

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58 hue haiM, jinake nAma nimnalikhita haiM (1) atirucirA, (2), anuSTup (3) indravajrA, (4) udgatA, (5) upajAti, (6) upendravajrA, (7) aupacchandasika, (8) kSamA, (9) jaladharamAlA, (10) jaloddhatagati, (11) drutavilambita, (12) narkuTaka, (13) puSpitAgrA, (14) pRthvI, (15) pramitAkSarA, (16) praharSiNI, (17) bhramaravilasita, (18) mandAkrAntA, (19) mAlinI, (20) rathoddhatA, (21) vaMzastha, (22) vaMzapatrapatita, (23) vasantatilakA, (24) vasantamAlikA, (25) zArdUlavikrIDita, (26) zAlinI, (27) zikhariNI, (28) sundarI, (29) sragdharA, (30) svAgAtA, (31) hAriNI / 88 12. candraprabhacarita kI samIkSA vIranandI ko candraprabha kA jo saMkSipta jIvanavRtta srotoM se samupalabdha huA, use unhoMne apane candraprabhacarita meM khUba hI pallavita kiyA hai / candraprabha ke jIvanavRtta ko lekara banAyI gayIM jitanI bhI digambara - zvetAmbara kRtiyA~ samprati upalabdha haiM, unameM vIranandI kI prastuta kRti hI sarvAGgapUrNa hai| isakI tulanA meM uttarapurANagata candraprabhacarita bhI saMkSipta-sA pratIta hotA hai, jo upalabdha anya sabhI candraprabhacaritoM se, jinameM hemacandra kA candraprabhacarita bhI zAmila hai, vistRta hai| ataH kevala kathAnaka ke AdhAra para hI vicAra kiyA jAye to bhI yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vIranandI ko sabase adhika saphalatA prApta huI hai| sarasatA kI dRSTi se to inakI kRti kA mahattva aura bhI adhika bar3ha gayA hai / vIranandI kA candraprabhacarita apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| komala padAvalI, artha sauSThava, vismayajanaka kalpanAe~, adbhuta ghaTanAe~, viziSTa saMvAda, vaidarbhI rIti, oja, prasAda tathA mAdhurya guNa, vividha chandoM aura alaGkAroM kI yojanA, rasa kA avicchinna pravAha, prAJjala saMskRta, mahAkAvyocita prAsaMgika varNana aura mAnavocita zikSA Adi kI dRSTi se prastuta kRti atyanta zlAghya hai| prastuta kRti meM vIranandI kI sAhityika, dArzanika aura saiddhAntika vidvattA kI triveNI pravAhita hai| sAhityika veNI (dhArA) athase iti taka avicchinna gati se bahI hai / dArzanika dhArA kA saGgama dUsare sarga meM huA hai aura saiddhAntika dhArA sarasvatI kI bhA~ti kahIM dRzya to kahIM adRzya hokara bhI antima sarga meM viziSTa rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai / para kavi kI apratima pratibhA ne sAhityika dhArA ko kahIM para bhI kSINa nahIM hone diyaa| phalataH dArzanika aura saiddhAntika dhArAoM meM pUrNa sarasatA anusyUta hai| azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa kI bhA~ti vIranandI ko artha citra se anurakti hai / yoM ina tInoM mahAkaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM zabdacitra ke bhI darzana hote haiM, para bhAravi aura

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'mAgha kI kRtiyoM kI bhA~ti nahIM, jinameM zabda citra AvazyakatA kI sImA se bAhara cale gaye haiN| buddhacarita, saundarananda, raghuvaMza aura candraprabhacarita ina cAroM kI racanA zailI meM paryApta sAmya hai, phira bhI itanA avazya hai ki vIranandI ko kAlidAsa kI apekSA azvaghoSa ne adhika mAtrA meM prabhAvita kiyA hai| jAna par3atA hai ki candraprabhacarita kA nAmakaraNa buddhacarita se aura sarga saMkhyA saundarananda kI sarga saMkhyA se prabhAvita hai| buddhacarita meM varNita bhagavAna buddha ke janma se nirvANa taka ke jIvanavRtta kI bhA~ti candraprabhacarita meM candraprabha kA jIvana vRtta varNita hai| hA~, candraprabhacarita meM varNita candraprabha ke pichale janmoM kA vRtta usakI apanI vizeSatA hai, jo jainetara kAvyoM meM nahIM hai| azvaghoSa kI kRtiyoM meM bauddha dharma ke anusAra jisa taraha mAnava janma ke lAbha, sAMsArika sukha kI asAratA batalAyI gayI hai, dArzanika carcA kI gayI hai aura pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, usI taraha vIranandI kI kRti candraprabhacarita meM jaina dharma ke anusaar| atha ca azvaghoSa kI bhA~ti vIranandI ko bhI zAntarasa abhipreta hai| isI AdhAra para jAna par3atA hai ki vIranandI azvaghoSa se adhika prabhAvita rhe| candraprabhacarita meM varNita candraprabha kA jIvanavRtta atIta aura vartamAna kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prArambha ke pandraha sargoM meM atIta kA aura antima tIna sargoM meM vartamAna kA varNana hai| isalie atIta ke varNana se vartamAna kA varNana kucha daba-sA gayA hai| candraprabha kI pradhAna patnI kA nAma kamalaprabhA hai| nAyikA hone ke nAte inakA vistRta varNana honA cAhie thA, para kevala eka (17,60) padya meM inake nAmamAtra kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha inake putra varacandra kI bhI kevala eka (17,74) padya meM hI nAmamAtra kI carcA kI gayI hai| donoM ke prati baratI gayI yaha upekSA khaTakane vAlI hai| dUsare sarga meM kI gayI dArzanika carcA adhika lambI hai| isake kAraNa kathA kA pravAha kucha avaruddha-sA ho gayA hai| itanA hote hue bhI kavitva kI dRSTi se prastuta mahAkAvya prazaMsanIya hai| kliSTatA aura dUrAnvaya ke na hone se isake padya par3hate hI samajha meM A jAte haiN| isakI saralatA raghuvaMza aura buddhacarita se bhI kahIM adhika hai| 13. mahAkavi vIranandI kA paricaya candraprabhacarita ke anta meM mudrita granthakAra kI prazasti (zloka 1-4) se unakA nimnalikhita paricaya prApta hotA hai4 (ka) saMgha aura gaNa- granthakAra vIranandI 'nandI' saMgha ke 'dezIya' gaNa meM hue haiN| mUla saMgha arthAt digambara sampradAya kI cAra zAkhAe~ haiM- (1) nandI, (2) siMha, (3) sena aura (4) dev| ina zAkhAoM kI pratizAkhAe~ gaNa, gaccha Adi nAmoM se

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60 prasiddha haiN| nandI saMgha meM jo kaI gaNa, gaccha Adi haiM, dezIya gaNa unhIM meM se eka hai| (kha) guruparamparA-- vIranandI ke guru kA nAma abhayanandI aura dAdA guru kA nAma 'vibudha' guNanandI thaa| vIranandI asAdhAraNa vidvAn the, jaisA ki unakI kRti ke adhyayana evaM anya granthoM ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai| vidvattA tathA prabhAva (ka) vidvattA-candraprabhacarita ke kriyApadoM ke dekhane se spaSTa hai ki vIranandI kA vyAkaraNazAstra para pUrNa adhikAra rhaa| dvitIya sarga (zloka 44-110) yaha siddha karatA hai ki vIranandI jaina va jainetaradarzanoM ke adhikArI vidvAn the| tattvopaplava darzana kI samIkSA ke sandarbha meM unhoMne jo yuktiyA~ dI haiM, ve aSTasahasrI Adi viziSTa dArzanika granthoMmeM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| antima sarga vIranandI kI siddhAntamarmajJatA ko vyakta karatA hai| candraprabhacarita ke tattatprasaGgoM meM carcita rAjanIti, gajavazIkaraNa aeNne zakuna-apazakuna Adi viSaya unakI bahujJatA ko pramANita karane meM sakSama haiN| (kha) prabhAva- abhayanandI ke ziSya hone ke nAte vIranandI, nemicandra. siddhAntacakravartI ke satIrtha rahe, jinhoMne zaurasenI prAkRti meM gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa, karmakANDa), trilokasAra, labdhisAra aura kSapaNAsAra Adi viziSTa granthoM kI racanA kI thI, phira bhI unhoMne karmakANDa meM apane ko vIranandI kA 'vaccho' 89 (vatsa) likhA hai, aura ekAdhika bAra unakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| vIranandI ke nAma ke Age 'NAha' (nAtha) aura caMdra (candra) kA prayoga aura maGgalAcaraNa ke prasaGga meM unakA bAra-bAra smaraNa kiyA jAnA unake prabhAva kA dyotaka hai| vAdirAjasUri ne apane pArzvanAthacarita meM nAmollekhapUrvaka unakI kRti- candraprabhacarita kI sarAhanA kI hai| kavivara dAmodara ne apane candraprabhacarita meM unheM 'kavIza' batalAyA hai aura vandana92 bhI kiyA hai| paNDita govinda ne apane puruSArthAnuzAsana meM unakA ullekha dhanaJjaya, asaga aura harizcandra se bhI pahale kiyA hai aura unake kAvya kI prazaMsA bhii| 93 paNDitapravara AzAdhara ne unake candraprabhacarita ,ke eka (4,38) padya ko udhRta karake apane sAgAradharmAmRta ke nyAyopAtta- ityAdi (1,11) zloka meM carcita kRtajJatA guNa kA samarthana kiyA hai aura iSTopadeza kI apanI TIkA meM candraprabhacarita kA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai| jIvandharacampU tathA dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke kartA mahAkavi harizcandra ne dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI rUparekhA candraprabhacarita ko sAmane rakhakara bnaayii| candraprabhacarita aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI maGgalAcaraNapaddhati, purANoM ke Azraya kI sUcanA, dArzanika carcA aura dharmadezanA

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prAyaH eka-sI hai| dharmadezanA ke katipaya padyoM ke caraNa-ke-caraNa milate haiN| 54 yadi anukrama aura bhAva kI samAnatA para dhyAna diyA jAya to lagabhaga AdhI dharmadezanA donoM kI eka jaisI hI siddha hogii| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki samakAlIna aura uttarakAlIna aneka vidvAnoM para vIranandI kI vidvattA kA mahAn prabhAva rahA hai| prazasta vicAradhArA vIranandI sAdhu the, ata: unakA mana virAgatA se prabhAvita rhaa| isakA AbhAsa unake candraprabhacarita meM hI yatra-tatra upalabhya hai| lagabhaga ATha sthaloM para unhoMne virakti ke vicAroM evaM narezoM ke dIkSita hone kA varNana kiyA hai| prAya: aise hI prasaGgoM meM unakI prazasta vicAradhArA kI jhalaka milatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai pratyeka jantu kA jIvana-maraNa se aura yauvana-bur3hApe se AkrAnta hai- ise dekhatA huA bhI jar3a manuSya apane hita kI ora dhyAna nahIM detA, yaha kheda aura Azcarya kI bAta hai||1,69|| yaha manuSya janma azubha karmodaya kI mandatA se kisI taraha kAkatAlIya nyAya se prApta huA hai| ata: ise pA kara caturgatiparibhramaNa ke vRttAnta ko samajhane vAle vyakti ko Atmahita ke viSaya meM pramAda karanA ucita nahIM hai||4,26|| aniSTa saMyoga aura iSTaviyoga samAna rUpa se sabhI ke sAtha lage hue haiM- isa bAta ko socakara buddhimAn mAnava viSAda karake apane mana ko khinna nahIM krtaa||5,87|| buddhimAn mAnava khUba AgA-pIchA socakara kArya karatA hai yA phira usakA Arambha hI nahIM karatA; kyoMki sahasA kArya karanA pazuoM kA dharma hai, vaha mAnava meM kaise ho sakatA hai? ||12,102 / / putra vaha hai, jo apane kula kA vistAra kare; mitra vaha hai, jo vipatti meM sAtha de; rAjA vaha hai, jo prajA kI rakSA kare aura kavi vaha hai, jisake vacana nIrasa na ho||12,108|| prema se bar3hakara koI bandhana nahIM hai; viSaya se bar3hakara koI viSa nahIM hai; krodha se bar3hakara koI zatru nahIM hai aura janma se bar3hakara koI duHkha nahIM hai||15,143 / / aise vicAra candraprabhacarita meM yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| vistAra kA bhaya na hotA to una sabhI kA saMkalana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jaataa| ___ anya vIranandI- prastuta vIranandI ke atirikta anya vIranandI bhI hue hai| (1) AcArasAra ke praNetA, jo meghacandra vidya ke ziSya the, (2) mahendrakIrti ke ziSya evaM kaladhautanandI ke prshissy| (3) 'siddhAntacakravartI' upAdhi se vibhUSita aura (4) paNDita mahendra ke shissy| vIranandI kA samaya candraprabhacarita ke racayitA vIranandI ne apanI isa kRti meM kahIM para bhI apane samaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, para anya AcAryoM ke, jinhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM unake

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62 nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, samaya ke AdhAra para unakA samaya sunizcita hai| nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne apane karmakANDa meM unake nAma kA tIna bAra ullekha kiyA hai jaisA ki pIche likhA jA cukA hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki ve nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke samakAlIna haiN| premIjI ne nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha siddha kiyA hai, ata: candraprabhacarita ke kartA kA bhI yahI samaya siddha hotA hai|95 baladeva upAdhyAya ne candraprabhacarita ke kartA vIranandI kA samaya 1300 I0 likhA hai16 aura DaoN0 bahAduracanda ne bhI lagabhaga yahI samaya batalAyA hai,97 jo bhramamUlaka hai| vAdirAjasUri ne apane pArzvanAthacarita meM vIranandI aura unake candraprabhacarita kI prazaMsA 8 kI hai, jisakI samApti zaka saM0 947 (vi0saM0 1082) meM samApta99 huI thii| ata: vIranandI inase pUrvavartI hI Thaharate haiN| aisI sthiti meM vIranandI kA sunizcita samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hI siddha hotA hai| 14. candraprabhacarita kI saMskRta vyAkhyA nAma- prastuta grantha ke sAtha mudrita saMskRta vyAkhyA kA sampAdana jina AdaI hastalikhita pratiyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, unake puSpikAvAkyoM ke anusAra yaha 'vyAkhyA' nahIM 'vyAkhyAna' hai aura isakA nAma 'vidvanmanovallabha' hai, para 'za' prati (sarga 11) ke puSpikAvAkya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara saundarya kI dRSTi se candraprabhacarita ke Upara vyAkhyA kA nAma 'vidvanmanovallabhA prakAzita kiyA gayA hai aura andara 'vidvanmanovallabha', yadyapi samasyanta pada ke kAraNa itanA sUkSma antara bAda meM jJAta ho pAtA hai| vizeSatA- prastuta vyAkhyA sAdhAraNa-sI hI hai| vijJa pAThakoM ko isameM svayaM vyAkhyAkAra kI kucha azuddhiyA~ dRSTigocara hoNgii| alaGkAroM ke nirdeza bhI yatra-tatra bhrAntipUrNa haiN| para isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA zuddha pAThoM kI bahulatA hai, jisake kAraNa mUla grantha ke sampAdana meM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| mUla grantha ke padoM ko anvaya ke anusAra rakhakara unakI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| isake sAhAyya se dArzanika aMza ko chor3akara prAya: pUre mUlagrantha kA artha khula jAtA hai| vyAkaraNa aura koSa Adi granthoM ke isameM jo uddharaNa diye gaye haiM ve mahattvapUrNa haiN| isakI tulanA arhaddAsa ke munisuvratakAvya kI saMskRta TIkA-'sukhabodhinI' se kI jA sakatI hai| vyAkhyAkAra kA paricaya- isa vyAkhyA ke racayitA kA nAma 'municandra' hai| inhoMne apane ko 'vidyArthI' likhA hai| 'kannaDaprAntIya-tAr3apatra-grantha sUcI' (pR0 123).... ke anusAra ye alagaMcapurI ke nivAsI dvijottama devacandra ke putra the| .

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vyAkhyAkAra kA samaya prastuta vyAkhyA meM anekArthadhvanimaJjarI, anekArthasaMgraha, abhidhAnacintAmaNi, amarakoSa, nAmamAlA, nAnArthakoSa (gadyAtmaka), nItivAkyAmRta, vAgbhaTAlaGkAra, vizvaprakAza, vizvalocana, vaijayantI, zAkaTAyana aura samavasaraNa stotra - ityAdi granthoM avataraNa haiN| inameM anekArthasaMgraha aura abhidhAnacintAmaNi ke racayitA A0 hemacandra (vi0 12vIM zatI) haiM, ataH vyAkhyAkAra inake uttaravartI siddha hote haiM | candraprabhacarita (18,1; pRSTha 429) kI vyAkhyA meM 'gaMbhIraM madhuraM ......' ityAdi padma uddhRta haiM, jo ajJAtasamaya viSNusena ke samavasaraNa - - stotra ( pa0 29) aura vi0saM0 kI 13vIM zatI ke AcArasAra (4,95) meM pAyA jAtA hai| yadi yaha padya AcArasAra kA hI siddha ho jAye to vyAkhyAkAra inake bAda ke siddha hote haiN| bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita 'kannar3a prAntIya-tAr3apatra - granthasUcI ( pR0 123) ke anusAra vyAkhyAkAra kA samaya 'pramodUta' (pramoda) saMvatsara mAgha zu0 pratipad rohiNI nakSatra hai, jise paM0 kamalAkAntajI zukla, prAdhyApaka jyotiSa vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saM0vi0vi0, vArANasI ne vi0 saM0 1560 (zaka0saM0 1425) mAgha zuklA pratipadA zanivAra pramANita kiyA hai / 10 2 15. candraprabhacarita saMskRta paJjikA 63 prastuta grantha ke prathama pariziSTa meM saMskRta paJjikA bhI mudrita kI gayI hai| saMskRta vyAkhyA kI bhA~ti yaha bhI abhI taka aprakAzita rhii| jisameM grantha ke kliSTa padoM kA artha kholA jAye, use paJjikA kahate haiM-- 'viSamapadapaJjikA' yaha paribhASA prastuta paJjikA meM akSarazaH ghaTita hotI hai| dvitIya sarga ke dArzanika padyoM para isameM acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisase paJjikAkAra kA dArzanika vaiduSya vyakta hotA hai| prArambhika do sargoM kI paJjikA vyAkhyA kA kAma karatI hai| isakI racanA apekSAkRta praur3ha hai / paJjikAkAra kA nAma- jina Adarza pratiyoM ke AdhAra para isakA sampAdana kiyA gayA hai, unameM isake racayitA kA nAma aGkita nahIM hai, para DaoN0 kastUracandra jI kAsalIvAla, jayapura ne apane yahA~ kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ dekhakara inakA nAma guNanandI batalAyA hai, jo 'jinaratnakoza' (bhAga 1, pRSTha 120 ) meM bhI diyA gayA hai| paJjikAkAra kA samaya- 'jinaratnakoza' (bhAga 1, pRSTha 120 ) meM paJjikAkAra kA samaya vi0saM0 1597 diyA gayA hai| paJjikA meM anagAradharmAmRta, anekArthadhvanimaJjarI, amarakoSa, AtmAnuzAsana, AptamImAMsA, kAmandakIyanItisAra, 101 kAvyAdarza, tattvArthasUtra, paJcasaMgraha, padmanandipaJcaviMzatikA, mAdhavanidAna, raghuvaMza aura vAgbhaTAlaGkAra Adi granthoM ke uddharaNa dRSTigocara hote haiN| inameM se anagAradharmAmRta kI racanA vi0 saM0 1300 meM samApta huii| isase paJjikAkAra AzAdhara ke uttaravartI siddha hote haiM / paJjikAkAra ne prathama ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI sargoM kI paJjikA ke prArambha meM

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64 zrutamuni kA jayaghoSa kiyA hai aura unake vaiduSya kI zlAghA bhii| vi0 saM0 1395 meM samApta paramAgamasAra ke racayitA kA nAma bhI zrutamuni hai| yadi inhIM kA jayaghoSa paJjikAkAra ne kiyA ho to ve inase paravartI hI Thaharate haiN| aisI sthiti meM jinaratnakoza (bhA01, pRSTha 120) meM diyA gayA inakA samaya (vi0 saM0 1597) sahI-sA pratIta hotA hai| vizeSa nirNaya ke lie anya sAmagrI kI apekSA hai| sandarbha : 1. purANasArasaMgraha (76,2) meM deza kA nAma yantrila likhA hai| 2. purANasAra (76,3) meM zrImatI nAma diyA hai| 3. uttarapurANa (54,44) meM rAjA kA cintita honA likhA hai| 4. uttarapurANa (54,51) meM garbhadhAraNa karane se pahale cAra svapna dekhane kA ullekha hai aura purANasArasaMgraha (76,5) meM pA~ca svapna dekhane kaa| purANasArasaMgraha meM garbhacihnoM kI carcA nahIM hai| uttarapurANa (54,73) meM muni kA nAma zrIpadma aura purANasArasaMgraha (78,19.) meM zrIdhara likhA hai| jisa vana meM dIkSA lI thI, usakA nAma uttarapurANa meM zivaGkara aura purANasArasaMgraha meM priyaGkara diyA hai| 7. purANasArasaMgraha (78,19) meM zrIkAnta ke sthAna meM zrIdhara likhA hai| 8. uttarapurANa (54;87) meM aura purANasArasaMgraha (80,22) meM nagarI kA nAma ayodhyA likhA hai| purANasArasaMgraha (80,23) meM rAnI kA nAma zrIdattA likhA hai| 10. uttarapurANa (54,89) meM zrIdhara deva ke garbha meM Ane se pahale rAnI ke ATha zubhasvapna dekhane kA bhI ullekha hai| 11. isa ghaTanA kA ullekha uttarapurANa aura purANasArasaMgraha meM nahIM hai| 12. isa ghaTanA kA ullekha uttarapurANa aura purANasArasaMgraha meM nahIM hai| 13. isa ghaTanA kA ullekha uttarapurANa aura purANasArasaMgraha meM nahIM hai| ina donoM meM samrATa dvArA ariMdama muni ko AhAra diye jAne kA ullekha hai, jo candraprabhacarita meM nahIM hai| 14. uttarapurANa (54-122) meM udyAna kA nAma 'manohara' likhA hai| 15. purANasArasaMgraha (82-32) meM kanakAbha nAma likhA hai| 16. purANasArasaMgraha (82-32) ke anusAra rAnI kA nAma kanakamAlA hai|

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27. isa ghaTanA kI carcA uttarapurANa aura purANasArasaMgraha donoM meM nahIM hai| 18. uttarapurANa (54-141) meM padmanAbha kI aneka rAniyA~ hone kA saMketa hai| 19. uttarapurANa aura purANasArasaMgraha meM isa ghaTanA kA tathA isake bAda hone vAle yuddha kA ullekha nahIM hai| 20. vArANasI se AsAma taka kA pUrvI bhArata 'pUrvadeza' ke nAma se prakhyAta rhaa| - uttarapurANa, purANasArasaMgraha, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita aura triSaSTismRti meM isa deza kA ullekha nahIM hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (296,13) meM isa nagarI kA nAma 'candrAnanA', uttarapurANa (54,163) meM 'candrapura', purANasArasaMgraha (82,39) meM 'candrapura', tiloyapaNNattI (4,533) meM 'candrapura' aura harivaMza (60,189) meM 'candrapurI' likhA hai| samprati isakA nAma 'candravaTI' 'candrauTI' yA 'candarauTI' prasiddha hai| yaha vArANasI se 18 mIla dUra gaGgA ke bAyeM taTapara hai| yahA~ digambara va zvetAmbara sampradAya ke do alaga-alaga jainamandira haiN| sahe. tiloyapaNNattI (4,533) meM mAtA kA nAma 'lakSmImatI' likhA hai| 23. uttarapurANa, purANasArasaMgraha aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM kevala svapnoM kI saMkhyA kA hI ullekha hai| guNabhadra aura dAmanandI ne svapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 aura hemacandra ne 14 dI hai| hemacandra kI dRSTi se 14 svapna ye haiM- gaja, vRSabha, siMha, lakSmI- abhiSeka, mAlA, candra, sUrya, kumbha, dhvaja, sAgara, sarovara, vimAna, ratnarAzi aura agni| siMhAsana aura nAga-vimAna ye do svapna digambara sAhitya meM adhika haiN| 24. yaha miti uttarapurANa (54,166) ke AdhAra para dI hai; kyoMki tiloyapaNNattI, harivaMza aura purANasArasaMgraha kI bhA~ti prastuta candraprabhacarita meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| uttarapurANa meM jo miti dI gayI hai vaha triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (296,29) meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| 25. yahI miti uttarapurANa, harivaMza tathA tiloyapaNNattI meM aGkita hai, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (297,32) meM pauSa kRSNA dvAdazI likhI hai, para purANasArasaMgraha (84,44) meM kevala anurAdhAyoga kA hI ullekha milatA hai| 26. uttarapurANa (54,174) meM stuti kA ullekha nahIM hai, 'Ananda' nATaka kA ullekha hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM nATaka kA nahIM, stuti kA ullekha hai| 27. uttarapurANa (54,214) meM aura purANasArasaMgraha (86,57) meM kramaza: niSkramaNa ke avasara para apane putra varacandra, va raviteja ko candraprabha ke uttarAdhikAra sauMpane kA ullekha hai para donoM meM unake vivAha ke spaSTa ullekha karane vAle padya nahIM

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hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,55) meM candraprabha kI aneka patniyoM kA ullekha hai, jo candraprabhacaritam (17,60) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| 28. candraprabha ke vairAgya kA kAraNa tiloyapaNNattI (4,610) meM adhruva vastu kA aura uttarapurANa (54, 203) tathA triSaSTismRta (28, 9) meM darpaNa meM mukha kI vikRti kA avalokana likhA hai| triSaSTizalAkapuruSacarita aura purANasArasaMgraha meM vairAgya ke kAraNa kA ullekha nahIM hai| harivaMzapurANa (722,222) meM zivikA kA nAma 'manoharA', trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,61) meM manoramA, purANasArasaMgraha (86,58) meM 'suvizAlA' likhA hai| 30. tiloyapaNNattI (4,651) meM vana kA nAma 'sarvArtha', uttarapurANa (54,216) meM 'sarvartuka', triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,62) meM evaM purANasArasaMgraha (86,58) 'sahasrAmra' likhA hai| 31. candraprabhacaritam meM miti nahIM dI, ata: harivaMzapurANa (723, 233) ke AdhAra para yaha miti dI hai| uttarapurANa (54,216) meM bhI yahI miti hai, para kRSNa pakSa kA ullekha nahIM hai| purANasArasaMgraha (86,60) meM kevala anurAdhA nakSatra kA hI ullekha hai aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,64) meM pauSa kRSNa trayodazI miti dI gayI hai| 32. harivaMzapurANa (724,240) meM aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,66) meM pura kA nAma 'padmakhaNDa' diyA hai evaM purANasArasaMgraha (86,62) meM 'nlinkhnndd'| 33. harivaMzapurANa (724,246) meM aura purANasArasaMgraha (86,62) meM rAjA kA nAma 'somadeva' diyA hai| 34. candraprabhacaritam meM miti nahIM dI, ata: uttarapurANa (54,224) ke AdhAra para dI gayI hai| candraprabhacaritam meM candraprabha ke janma aura mokSa kalyANakoM kI mitiyA~ dI haiM, zeSa tIna kalyANakoM kI nhiiN| 35. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (298,75) meM samavasaraNa kA vistAra eka yojana likhA hai| 36. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1120) meM pUrvadhAriyoM kI saMkhyA cAra hajAra dI hai| 37. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1120) meM upAdhyAyoM kI saMkhyA do lAkha dasa hajAra caurAsI dI hai| 38. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1121) meM avadhijJAniyoM kI saMkhyA do hajAra likhI milatI hai|

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39. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1121) meM kevaliyoM kI saMkhyA aThAraha hajAra dI hai| 40. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1121) meM vaikriya RddhidhAriyoM kI saMkhyA cha: sau dI hai; aura harivaMzapurANa (736,386) meM dasa hajAra cAra sau| 41. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1121) meM vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA sAta hajAra dI hai| 42. tiloyapaNNattI (4,1169) meM AryikAoM kI saMkhyA tIna lAkha assI hajAra dI hai aura purANasArasaMgraha (88,75) meM bhI yahI saMkhyA dRSTigocara hotI hai| 43. purANasArasaMgraha (88,77) meM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA cAra lAkha ekAnave hajAra dI hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM dI gayI saMkhyAe~ inase prAyaH bhinna haiN| 44. uttarapurANa (54,271) meM candraprabha ke mokSakalyANaka kI miti phAlgana zaklA saptamI dI gayI hai, purANasArasaMgraha (90,79) meM mitI nahIM dI gayI kevala jyeSThA nakSatra kA ullekha kiyA hai| 45. grAmAH kukkuTasaMpAtyAH sArA bhukRssiiblaa:| pazudhAnyadhanApUrNA nityArambhA niraakulaaH|| - uttarapurANa, pRSTha 45, zloka 15. . grAmaiH kukkuTasaMpAtyaiH srobhirvikcaambujaiH| sImabhiH sasyasaMpanairyaH smntaadviraajte|| - candraprabhacarita, sarga 2, zloka 118. 46. zrIvarmA zrIdharo devo'jitseno'cyutaadhipH| padmanAbho'hamindro'smAn pAtu candraprabhaH prbhuH|| uttarapurANa, pRSTha 65, zloka 276 / yaH zrIvarmanRpo babhUva vibudhaH saudharmakalpe tatastasmAccAjitasenacakrabhRdabhUdyazcAcyutendrastataH / yazcAjAyata padmanAbhanRpatiyoM vaijayantezvaro ya: syAttIrthaMkara: sa saptamabhave candraprabhaH pAtu nH|| - candraprabhacarita, pRSTha 461, prazasti zloka 6. 47. azokastavakeneva yauvanena mmaamunaa| rAgiNA kevalaM kinnu na yatra phalasaMbhavaH / / vAridheriva lAvaNyaM virasaM mama srvthaa| na yatrApatyapadmAni tena kAntajalena kim|| nAmamAtreNa sA strIti guNazUnyena kiirtyte| putrotpattyA na yA pUtA yathA shkrvdhuuttikaa|| prasAdo'pi na me bhartuH zobhAyai sUnunA vinaa| zabdAnuzAsanenaivaM vidvattAyA vijRmbhitm|| sAhaM mohatamazchannA nishevodvegdaayinii| dIyate yadi no putrapradIpa: kulveshmni|| cintayantIti sA bAlA kpolnysthstkaa| pAtayAmAsa sabhyAnAM netrabhRGgAn mukhaambuje|| - jinadattacarita 1,61-66 / 48. 'sAketaM kozalAyodhyA' abhidhAnacintAmaNi 4,41 / 49. isI taraha se candraprabhacarita ke antima sarga kA lagabhaga AdhA bhAga umAsvAmI * ke tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para banAyA gayA hai| 50. 'puNyapApayorbandhe'ntarbhAvAnna bhedenaabhidhaanm|' iti haribhadrakRtAyAM vRttau, pRSTha 27 (sUrata sNskrnn)|

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68 51. 'puNyapApapadArthopasaMkhyAnamiti cet, na; Asrave bandhe vaantrbhaavaat|' iddhi tattvArthavArtika a01, pRSTha 27 (jJA0 sN0)| 52. mahAkavi haricandra kA 'dharmazarmAbhyudayam' atha se iti taka candraprabhacarita se prabhAvita hai| isake antima sarga kA lagabhaga AdhA bhAga candraprabhacarita kA RNI hai| Upara kevala namUne ke lie 4-5 padyoM kI hI tulanA kI gayI hai| kharakoM kA zabda sAmya haricandra ko hemacandra kA uttaravartI siddha karatA hai| 53. yaha sUcanA paM0 ratanalAlajI kaTAriyA, kekar3I (ajamera) ke dinAGka 22/4/68 ke patra se prApta huii| 54. kAvyaprakAza, 1,1. 55. sAhityadarpaNa, 6,315-321. 56. alaGkAracintAmaNi, 1,24; candraprabhacarita ke varNya-viSaya. 57. rAjA-kanakaprabha 1, 39-54; zrISeNa 3,1-13; ajitaMjaya 5,23-25; mahAsena 16, 11-15; candraprabha 17,52-60. 58. rAnI-suvarNamAlA 1,55-57; zrIkAntA 3, 14-18; ajitasenA 6, 36-39; lakSmaNA 16, 16-19; kamalaprabhA 17,60. 59. purohita 7,14. 60. kumAra-padmanAbha 1,58-63; zrIvarmA 4, 1-14; ajitasena 5,40-44; candraprabha 17,50 / 61. deza maGgalAvatI 1, 12-20; sugandhideza 2, 114-124; alakA 5, 2-11; ariMjaya 6,41; pUrvadeza 16, 1-5. 62. grAma 1,20, 2, 118. 63. pura-ratnasaMcaya 1, 21-38; zrIpura 2, 125-132; kozalA 5, 12-22; vipulapura 6, 42; Adityapura 6, 75; candrapurI 16, 6-9. 64. sarovara-manorama 6,1. 65. samudra 4, 65; 16, 29-30. 66. sarit-jalavAhinI 13, 53-62. 67. udyAna-manohara 2, 12-23. 68. parvata 6, 12; maNikUTa 14, 1-40. 69. aTavI-paruSA 6, 5-10. 70. mantraNA 12, 57-111.

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69 71. dUta 12, 1-24. 72. pramANa 4, 47-51; 7, 59-80; 13. 1-52; 16, 24-53. 73. azva 14, 51-54. 74. gaja 14, 55-62. 75. Rtu 8, 1-51. 76. sUryodaya 10, 76-79; sUryAsta 10, 1-3. 77. candrodaya 10, 17-41; candrAsta 10, 63. 78. Azrama 11, 34. 79. yuddha 15, 1-132. 80. viyoga 10, 70-73. 81. surata 10, 42-61. 82. puSpAvacaya 9, 22-26. 83. jalakrIr3A 9, 27-58. mantraNA ke prasaGga meM amAtyoM aura pramANa ke prasaGga meM senApatiyoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, para svayaMvara tathA vivAha kI bhA~ti inakA bhI svatantra rUpa se koI varNana candraprabhacarita meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| mRgayA ke sthAna meM puSpAvacaya varNita hai, jo alaGkArazAstra kI dRSTi se ThIka hai| candraprabhacarita ke maGgalAcaraNa ke krama meM vizeSatA hai| isa yuga ke Adi meM prathamata: dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karane se RSabhadeva ko, prastuta kRti ke nAyaka hone se candraprabha ko, kRti kI nirvighna samApti ke lie zAntinAtha ko aura vartamAna dharmatIrtha ke nAyaka hone se mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, jo yuktisaGgata hai| vIranandI ke isa krama ne inake uttaravartI haricandra evaM arhaddAsa Adi aneka kaviyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| candraprabhacarita kA prArambha 'zrI' zabda se huA hai| jahA~ taka maiM jAnatA hU~ yaha paramparA bhAravi se prArambha huI hai| AcArya guNabhadra ne AtmAnuzAsana (zlo0 141) meM likhA hai--- koI guru ziSTatAvaza apane ziSya ke doSoM kA, jo auroM ko jJAta haiM, yaha socakara udghATana na kare-- chipAye rahe ki sanmArga meM pravartana karAne se kabhI yaha svayaM hI unheM chor3a degA aura isI bIca yadi vaha divaMgata ho jAtA hai to usakA vaha ziSya sadoSa hI banA rhegaa| phira kabhI koI mu~haphaTa khala, jo dUsaroM ke aNupramANa bhI doSoM ko parvatAkAra meM dekhatA hai, usake doSoM ko prakaTa kara de to usake mana meM yaha bAta ghara kiye binA nahIM rahegI ki usake guru to kore guru hI rahe, 84.

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70 saccA guru to yaha khala hai jisake nipuNa samIkSaNa se usakI A~khe khulI doSoM kA bhAna huaa| 86. mRtyu ke uparAnta karuNa rasa kI abhivyakti hotI hai| yahA~ ajitasena kI mRtyu nahIM huI, aniSTa kI prApti huI-- isI dRSTi se karuNa rasa abhivyakta haA hai| 'iSTanAzAdaniSTApteH karuNAkhyo raso bhavet' (sAhityadarpaNa 3, 222) / kAvyAnuzAsana (2, pRSTha 91) aura alaGkAracintAmaNi (5, 101) se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai, ata: candraprabhacarita ke ukta sandarbha meM karuNarasa mAnya hai| 87. sabhI alaGkAroM ke lakSaNa ghaTAne meM prAya: kuvalayAnanda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| 88. sabhI chandoM ke lakSaNa vRttaratnAkara ke anusAra ghaTAye gaye haiN| 89. jassa pAyapasAyeNa nnNtsNsaarjlhimuttinnnno| vIriMdaNaMdivaccho NamAmi taM abhynnNdiguruN||gaa0 433 / / 90. NamiUNa abhayaNaMdiM sudsaagrpaargiNdnnNdiguruN| varavIraNaMdiNAhaM payaDINaM paccayaM gocchN||gaa0758|| Namaha gunnrynnbhuusnnsiddhNtaamiymhddhibhvbhaavN| varavIraNaMdicaMda nnimmlgunnmidNnndiguruN| |gaa0896|| 91. candraprabhAbhisaMbaddhA rasapuSTA manaH priym| kumudvatIva no dhatte bhAratI viirnndinH||1.30|| 92. candraprabhajinezasya caritaM yena vrnnitm| taM vIranandinaM vande kavIzaM jnyaanlbdhye|| 1.19 / / 93. zrIvIranandidevo dhanaJjayAsagau hrishcndrH| vyadhurityAdyAH kavayaH kAvyAni sduktiyuktiini|| - 'jainagranthaprazastisaMgraha', pRSTha 127 se uddhRta. 94. tulanA kIjie- candraprabhacarita 18, 2 tathA dharmazarmAbhyudaya 21, 8; candraprabhacarita 18,78 tathA dharmazarmAbhyudaya 21, 90; candraprabhacarita 18,88 tathA dharmazarmAbhyudaya 21, 99 ityAdi. 95. isase ukta donoM granthoM ke kartA nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI aura unake sahayogiyoM- vIranandI, indranandI, kanakanandI- kA samaya bhI vikrama kI gyArahavIM sadI kA pUrvArdha ThaharatA hai|- jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 274. vIranandI (1300 I0)- cndrprbhcrit| -- saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 273. 97. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (13vIM zatAbdI ke mahAkAvya) pRSTha 868.

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71 98. 'candraprabhAbhisaMbaddhA rasapuSTA manaH priyam / kumudvatIva no dhatte bhAratI vIranandinaH / / pArzvanAthacarita 1, 30 / / 99. 'zAkAbde nagavArdhirandhragaNane saMvatsare krodhane, mAse kArttikanAmni buddhimahite zuddhe tRtIyAdi / siMhe pAti jayAdike vasumatIM jainI katheyaM mayA, niSpattiM gamitA satI bhavatu vaH klyaannnisspttye|| pArzvanAthacarita, pra0pa05 / / 100. prastuta 'pramodUta' (pramoda) saMvatsara vi0 saM0 1560 (zaka saM0 1425) mAgha zukla pratipadA zanivAra ghaTI 53 / 48 zravaNa nakSatra meM siddha hotA hai| jisakA niyAmaka grahalAghavIya RNAhargaNa 1890 tathA madhyama sUrya 9 / 18 / 42/47 triphala candramA 9 / 19/46 hai| vizeSa- mAgha zukla pratipadA ko rohiNI nakSatra kA honA sambhava nahIM hai, jaisA ki sUryasiddhAnta mAna adhyAya zloka 16 se jJAta hotA hai - 'kArtikAdiSu saMyoge kRttikAdidvayaM dvayam / antyopAntyau paJcamazca tridhA mAsatrayaM smRtam / / ' isa AdhAra para mAgha zukla pUrNimA ko zleSa yA maghA kA honA sambhava nahIM hai| isase pUrva pandrahaveM dina pratipadA ko zravaNa yA ghaniSThA nakSatra ho sakatA hai, na ki rohiNI. 101. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa (bhAga 5, pRSTha 241 ) ke anusAra 'kAmandakIyanItisAra:' kA saMkalana upAdhyAya bhAnucandra ke ziSya siddhicandra (akabara bAdazAha ke samakAlIna) ne kiyA thA / yadi yaha pramANita ho jAya to paJjikAkAra ke samaya para paryApta prakAza par3a sakatA hai /

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mahAkavi arhaddAsa aura unakI racanAe~ * vipula saMskRta vAGmaya kI zrIvRddhi meM jina manISiyoM ne hAtha baTAyA hai, unameM mahAkavi arhaddAsa kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai / saMskRta sAhitya ke sahRdaya adhyetA inakI upalabdha kRtiyoM ko par3ha kara Ananda vibhora hue binA nahIM raha sakate samaya - mahAkavi arhaddAsa ne yadyapi apanI kRtiyoM meM, jo upalabdha haiM, kahIM para bhI apane samaya kA saMketa nahIM diyA, para unake antaH sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para unake samaya kA parijJAna AsAnI se ho jAtA hai inhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM AcArya samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaGka, jinasena aura guNabhadra ke atirikta paNDitapravara AzAdhara kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| f AcAryakalpa paNDitapravara AzAdhara kA samaya sunizcita haiM, jaisA ki zraddhe.. sva0 paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( pR0 341-358) meM likhA hai| AzAdharajI ne 'anagAradharmAmRtam' kI TIkA vikrama saMvat 1300 meM samApta kii| ataH kavivara arhaddAsa 13 vIM zatI se pUrva nahIM hue| inakI uttarAvadhi kA nizcaya ajitasena kI mahatvapUrNa kRti -- 'alaGkAracintAmaNi:' se ho jAtA hai, jisameM inake 'munisuvratakAvyam' ke prathama sarga kA 34vAM padya zleSagarbhA parisaMkhyA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| alaGkAracintAmaNikAra kA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatI hai / ataeva yaha sunizcita hai ki mahAkavi arhaddAsa kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatI kA anta aura 14vIM kA Adya caraNa hai| kRtiyoM kA paricaya 1. bhavyajana kaNThAbharaNam -- prastuta kRti 342 padyoM meM samApta huI hai| isameM prAya: upajAti chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isameM deva, zAstra, guru aura ratnatraya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI jainetara prAyaH sabhI devI-devatAoM kI samIkSA vistAra se kI gaI hai| jisase prastuta kavi ke hindU purANoM ke adhyayana kA anumAna sahaja meM hI laga jAtA hai| vaidikI hiMsA kI samIkSA ke prasaGga meM madya- mA~sa ke doSoM para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake atirikta bauddhoM, zvetAmbaroM evaM katipaya digambara saMghoM kI bhI samAlocanA kI gaI hai| padyoM ke namUne DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta. *.

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* tathAgato vIkSya kharAn smarAn tapobalAccArubhagA kharI sn| tadA ratiM taistanute sma rAgAttataH sa jAto bhagavatsamAkhyaH / / 57 / / arthAt- katipaya kAma pIr3ita gadahoM ko dekha kara tathAgata-gautamabuddha ne tapobala se sundara gadahI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura phira rAga pUrvaka unake sAtha rati kI-unakI kAma pipAsA ko zAnta kiyA, isIlie ve 'bhagavAna' kahe jAne lge| bhaga arthAt yoni se yukta ho jAne se ve bhagavAn (yonimAn) hue| (isakA ullekha vAdIbhasiMha sUri ne apanI 'gadyacintAmaNi:' ke prathama lambha meM kiyA hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki inhoMne kharI ke sthAna meM UMTanI (vAleyI) likhA hai|) sitAmbarAH siddhipathacyutAste jinoktipu dvAparazalyaviddhAH / niraJjanAnAmazanaM yadete nirvANamicchanti nitambinInAm / / 74 / / arthAt-jina bhagavAna ke vacanoM meM sandeha karane vAle ve zvetAmbara jaina muktimarga se cyuta haiM, jo kevalI ko kavalAhArI aura auratoM ko mokSa mAnate haiN| tyaktAkhilajJoditamukhyakAladravyAstitA drAviDasaMghino ye| niHsaMyamA ye ca nirastapicchA niSkuNDikA ye ca nirastazaucAH / / 76 / / arthAt-sarvajJabhASita nizcayakAla ko na mAnane vAle dravir3a saMgha ke anuyAyI (siddhAnta patha se dUra haiM), jo niSpiccha saMgha ke anuyAyI picchI nahIM rakhate ve saMyamI nahIM ho sakate aura jo niSkuNDikA saMgha ke anugantA haiM ve zauca ke lie kamaNDalu nahIM rakhate ata: zauca arthAt pavitratA se dUra haiN| zavA bhavantIha mRtAGgisattvAH zmazAnameSAM pacanasthalI hi|| tato dhruvaM mAMsabhujaH zavAdAstadIyagehaM niyataM zmazAnam / / 9 / / arthAt- mRta prANiyoM ke zarIra isa saMsAra meM zava kahe jAte haiM aura inake jalAne kI bhUmi zmazAna-isa dRSTi se mAMsa bhakSI loga zavabhakSI siddha hote haiM aura unakA gharajahAM mAMsa pakAyA jAtA hai-nizcaya hI zmazAna hai| prastuta kRti samantabhadra, AzAdhara aura haricaMdra kI racanAoM se prabhAvita hai aura kavitva kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa nahIM kahI jA sakatI, phira bhI atha se iti taka par3hane yogya hai| isameM samAlocanA kI aisI vizeSatA hai, jo granthAntaroM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotii|

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7 4 jAna par3atA hai kavivara kI yaha prathama racanA hai jo unhoMne AzAdhara jI se prabhAvita hote hI taiyAra kI thii| 2. munisuvratakAvyam prastuta mahAkAvya dasa sargoM meM samApta huA hai, jinake zlokoM kI saMkhyA kramaza: 54+34+33+47+42+44+31+23+35+65=kula 408 hai| isameM bIsaveM tIrthaGkara munisuvrata kA jIvanavRtta vividha chandoM meM varNita hai| prasaGgataH deza, nagara evaM RtuoM kA bhI alaMkRta saMskRta bhASA meM sajIva varNana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya dhanaJjaya, vIranandI, haricandra evaM asaga Adi mahAkaviyoM ke mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA meM choTA hai, phira bhI isakA mahattva kama nahIM hai| isakA varNya viSaya saMkSipta hokara bhI sAragarbha hai| isameM mahattva kA kucha anumAna nimnalikhita katipaya padyoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai prabandhamAkarNya mahAkavInAM pramodamAyAti mhaanihaikH| vidhUdayaM vIkSya nadIna eva vivRddhi mAyAti jaDAzayA na / / - munisuvratakAvyam - 1/16 arthAt- mahAkaviyoM ke prabandhakAvya ko sunakara koI mahAn puruSa hI prasanna hote haiM, na ki sb| dekhie na candrodaya ko dekhakara kevala samudra hI vRddhigata hotA hai, na ki jalAzaya-nadI-nAle aadi| isa padya meM zleSagarbha 'jaDAzayAH' pada kama camatkArajanaka nahIM hai| isakA eka artha 'jalAzaya' hai aura dUsarA muurkh| uttuGgagotra prabhavA bhavatyo, bhajantu bhUcakrabahiSkRtaM kim| iti sravannarudadhiM sarantI ravaibhi yatrAliMgaNoM ruNAddhi / / 1 / / 25 / / isa padya meM bihAra prAnta kI nadiyoM para banAye gaye puloM kA sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai| jAna par3atA hai ve pula samudra kI ora jAne vAlI nadiyoM ko yaha kaha kara roka rahe haiM ki Apa samunnata parvatoM se janmI haiM-unakI kulIna kanyAe~ haiM, phira usakA Azraya kaise le rahI haiM jo bhUmaNDala se bahiSkRta (bhUNDala kI sImA se bAhara-tiraskRta) hai| prastuta padya meM utprekSA ke sAtha samAsokti ke A jAne se camatkAra bar3ha gayA hai| jahAM prastuta para aprastuta ke vyavahAra kA Aropa ho vahAM samAsokti alaGkAra hotA hai| yahAM nadiyoM meM kulIna kanyAoM ke vyavahAra kA Aropa hai, samudra meM bahiSkRta parapuruSa. kA aura puloM para sakhivarga kaa|

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prastuta mahAkAvya meM atha se iti taka prAya: sabhI zlokoM meM alaGkAroM kA camatkAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| prasAda guNa se gumphita hone se artha lagAne meM koI kaThinAI nahIM pratIta hotI hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kI racanA 'bhavyajanakaNThAbharaNam' kI tulanA meM prauDha hai, ata: jAna par3atA hai ki arhaddAsa kI yaha dUsarI racanA hai| 3. purudevacampU:- kavivara arhaddAsa kI tIsarI kRti 'purudevacampU:' hai| isake dasa stavakoM meM, jinameM gadyAMzoM ke bIca-bIca meM kramaza: 74+71+65+71+41+ 48+44+46+38+50= kula 548 padya bhI haiN| isameM 'munisuvratakAvyam' se 140 padya adhika haiN| isameM prAya: sabhI prasiddha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| __ AdipurANa ke AdhAra para isa campUkAvya meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA jIvanavRtta alaMkRta saMskRta bhASA meM varNita hai| Adi se anta taka zailI itanI manohAriNI hai ki sahRdaya pAThaka kA mana kahIM Uba nahIM sktaa|| . arhaddAsa ne apanI isa kRti kI kavitA ke bAre meM likhA hai- "ki merI yaha kavitAlatA bhagavAn kI bhakti ke bIca se utpanna huI hai| atyanta sundara komala zabda isake patte haiM; vividha chanda isakI kopaleM haiM; alaGkAroM kI camatkRti isake phUla haiM, isa para vyaGgyArtha kI nirAlI chavi chAI huI hai aura yaha bhagavAn RSabhadevarUpI kalpavRkSa kA Azraya pAkara bar3ha rahI hai| (kitanA sundara rUpaka bAMdhA hai, pR0 4) isI DhaMga kI racanA prastuta kRti meM prAya: Adi se anta taka hai| upalabdha 246 campuoM meM prastuta campU kA apanA svatantra sthAna hai| arhaddAsa kI ukta tInoM kRtiyA~ prakAzita ho cukI haiM-pahalI hindI TIkA ke sAtha aura dUsarI saMskRta aura hindI do TIkAoM ke saath| yadi tIsarI kRti bhI saMskRta evaM hindI TIkAoM ke sAtha prakAzita ho jAya to jijJAsu jaina va jainetara sAhityikoM ko AsAnI se prabhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kevala hindI anuvAda se aise granthoM kA camatkAra prakaTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|

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kAvya-kalpalatA aura kavi-kalpalatA' bhAratIya sAhitya bahuta vipula hai| isake nirmANa meM jaina manISiyoM ne jo sahayoga kiyA hai use kabhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / alaGkArazAstra bhI bhAratIya sAhitya kA eka aGga hai, jisake vikAsa meM vAgbhaTa (vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke kartA), hemacandra, rAmacandra, mANikyacandra, namisAdhu, jayasena, arisiMha, amaracandra aura bANabhaTTa (kAvyAnuzAsana ke kartA) Adi aneka jaina vidvAnoM kA hAtha rahA hai| ina vidvAnoM meM se arisiMha ne "kAvya-kalpalatA' kI racanA 13vIM zatAbdI meM kI hai| arisiMha ne vastupAla kI prazaMsA meM 'sukRtasaGkIrtana' graMtha racA hai| vastupAla kA kAla vidvAnoM ne 1242 I0 san nizcita kiyA hai| kAvya-kalpalatA- isa graMtha meM cAra pratAna haiN| pahale pratAna meM 5, dUsare pratAna meM 4, tIsare pratAna meM 5 aura cauthe meM 7 stabaka haiM, jinameM anuSTup Adi chandoM meM kavitA kA abhyAsa kisa prakAra se kiyA jAya, sAmAnya zabda kauna se haiM, zAstrArtha meM kaisI ukti kA prayoga karanA cAhie, kAvyoM meM kyA varNana karanA cAhie, zabda kitane prakAra ke hote haiM, zliSTa racanA kaise kI jAya Adi viSayoM para viSad prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kAvya nirmANa karanevAloM ke lie yaha grantha sAkSAta kalpalatA hai| vRtti- prastuta graMtha san 1931 meM caukhambhA, vArANasI se prakAzita huA thA, jisameM amaracandra yati kI vRtti (kAvya-kalpalatA parimala) bhI hai| yati jI ne vRtti kI racanA 14vIM zatAbdI meM kI thii| isakI puSTi zrI jagannAtha zAstrI ne prastuta pustaka kI bhUmikA meM kI hai| yati amaracandra jI apane samaya ke mahAn vidvAn the| unhoMne sAta granthoM kI racanA kI thI- (1) jinendracaritam, (2) syAdizabdasamuccayaH, (3) bAlabhAratam, (4) draupadIsvayaMvaraH, (5) chandoratnAvaliH, (6) kAvyakalpalatAparimala: aura (7) alaMkAraprabodhaH / ___ "kAvyakalpalatA' ne alaMkArazAstra ke praNetAoM ke sAmane eka nayA Adarza upasthita kiyaa| bhAmaha, rudraTa, udbhaTa, vAmana, mammaTa, hemacandra aura vAgbhaTa Adi AlaMkArikoM ne apane-apane alaMkAra granthoM meM kAvya kA svarUpa, doSa, guNa, rIti, alaMkAra, rasa aura dhvani Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jaba ki arisiMha ne *, jaina sandeza- zodhAGka 15, disambara 1962 I. se sAbhAra

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apanI kAvya-kalpalatA meM mukhya rUpa se yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki kavitA kaisI banAI jAya aura use sajAyA kaise jAyeM? yoM isa viSaya para kAvyamImAMsAkAra rAjazekhara aura kAvyAnuzAsanakAra hemacandra ne bhI kalama calAI hai para arisiMha apanI sUjha-bUjha se una donoM se kAphI Age nikala gaye? phalata: devezvara ko bhI "kavikalpalatA' likhane kA prayAsa karanA par3A aura use likhate samaya 'kAvya-kalpalatA' ko sAmane rakhanA pdd'aa| donoM granthoM ko AdyApAMta dekhane se pAThaka ko ukta bAta spaSTa hI samajha meM A jAtI hai| donoM kI tulanA devezvara (14vIM zatI) ne apanI kRti kA nAma 'kavikalpalatA' rakhA, jo spaSTa hI 'kAvya-kalpalatA' nAma se prabhAvita hai| kAvya-kalpalatA meM cAra pratAna haiM to kavikalpatA meM cAra stavaka haiN| kAvya-kalpalatA ke pratAnoM meM stavaka haiM, to kavikalpalatA ke stavakoM meM kusuma haiN| kAvya-kalpalatA meM sabase pahale chanda ke abhyAsa kI zikSA dI hai, bilakula yahI zikSA kavikalpalatA meM bhI dI gaI hai| anya viSaya bhI prAya: milate-julate haiN| inA sAmya akasmAt nahIM ho sktaa| kAvya-kalpalatAkAra ne apane grantha ke prAraMbha meM apane iSTadeva kI vANI ko namaskAra kiyA hai to kavi-kalpalatAkAra ne apane paramArAdhya deva dhUrjaTi (zivajI) kI jaTA ko namaskAra kiyA hai| lagatA hai, kavi-kalpalatA ke kartA ne kAvya-kalpalatA . kA akSarazaH anusaraNa kiyA hai|

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bhaktAmara stotraH eka vivecana pratibhAbhirAma mAnatuGga atyanta saubhAgyazAlI jaina AcAryoM meM se eka haiM, jinheM jainoM ke donoM sampradAya apanA-apanA mAnate A rahe haiN| 'bhaktAmarastotra' inhIMkI amara kRti hai, jo bhaktirasa ke sAtha kavitva kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| sabhI jaina, cAhe ve kisI bhI sampradAya yA usake pantha ke anuyAyI hoM, isakA pratidina zraddhApUrvaka pATha karate haiN| parva ke pavitra dinoM meM kahIM-kahIM isakA akhaNDa pATha bhI hotA haiN| anabhyAsa ke kAraNa jo svayaM pATha nahIM kara sakate, ve dUsaroM se sunA karate haiN| aise bhI hajAroM vyakti haiM, jo isakA pATha kiye binA bhojana nahIM krte| zvetAmbara AcArya yazovijaya (18vIM zatI) kI mA~ jisa dina isakA pATha nahIM suna pAtI thIM, usa dina upavAsa karatI rhiiN| aneka aise bhI vyakti haiM, jinheM isakA niyamita pATha karane se kaI rogoM se mukti prApta huI hai| isake prAyaH pratyeka padya se vizeSa lAbha hone kI khyAti hai| kucha, vidvAnoM ne isake sAdhanA kI vidhi bhI likhI hai| labdhapratiSTha prasiddha jaina stotroM meM ise prathama sthAna prApta hai| nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM unhIM AcArya mAnatuGga aura unake 'bhaktAmara-stotra' kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai AcArya mAnatuGga-mAnatuGga nAma ke do AcArya hue haiM- pahale bhaktAmara stotra ke racayitA aura dUsare 'jayantIprakaraNa' yA 'jayantIcarita' ke| itihAsa-granthoM meM pahale AcArya ke nAma ke Age 'divAkara'2 tathA dUsare AcArya ke nAma ke Age 'sUri3' kA ullekha milatA hai| samaya- AcArya mAnatuGga divAkara (divAkara unakI upAdhi pratIta hotI hai) samrATa harSavardhanakI rAjasabhA meM the, jaisA ki itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM aGkita hai| harSavardhana kA rAjyakAla 606 I0 se 647 taka sunizcita hai, ata: AcArya mAnatuGga kA bhI yahI samaya siddha hotA hai| vizeSa paricaya- zvetAmbara AcArya prabhAcandrasUri (saM0 1334) ne apane grantha-prabhAvakacarita ke (180-191) pRSThoM meM 169 padmoM meM 'zrImAnatuGgaprabandha' racA hai| isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki vArANasI meM, jahA~ kA rAjA harSa thA, mAnatuGga kA janma huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma zreSThI seTha dhanadeva thaa| mAnatuGga kA caritra bAlyakAla se hI nirmala rahA (zlo0 5-8) / prArambha meM unhoMne digambara dIkSA lI thI, para bAda . *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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meM apanI bahana ke, jo zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anusAra vratoM kA paripAlana karatI thI, (zlo0 21) kahane se zvetAmbara sAdhu bana gaye the (zlo0 38) / bhaktAmara-stotra kA camatkAra dikhalAne se pahale, eka mantrI ne mAnatuGgAcArya kA prathama paricaya dete samaya harSavardhana se kahA thA ki Apake pura meM buddhimAn evaM prabhAvazAlI eka zvetAmbarAcArya vidyamAna haiM, jinakA nAma mAnatuGga hai| AcArya mAnatuGga ne apane samaya meM jinazAsana kI bar3I prabhAvanA kI thii| unake aneka suyogya ziSya bhI rahe (zlo0 166) / 'zrImAnatuGga prabandha' kisa AdhAra para racA gayA- yaha prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI kRti meM kahIM sUcita nahIM kiyaa| isa prabandha ke kucha hI padyoM kA sAra yahA~ pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie diyA gayA hai| eka kalpanA- 'bhaktAmara-stotra' ke gyArahaveM 'dRSTvA bhavanta......' ityAdi aura ikkIsaveM 'manye varaM........' ityAdi padya se mere mana meM yaha kalpanA uTha rahI hai ki AcArya mAnatuGga pahale jainetara sampradAya se prabhAvita rhe| jina tIna padyoM meM bhagavAn AdinAtha ko kramaza: apUrva dIpa, sUrya aura candra batalAyA gayA hai, unase aisA jAna par3atA hai ki ve pahale jisa sampradAya se prabhAvita rahe, usameM zAma ke samaya dIpaka ko, sabere ke samaya sUrya ko aura pratyeka mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dvitIyA ke dina candramA ko namana kiyA jAtA thA, jo Aja bhI cAlU hai| mahAkavi dAmodara bhAravi kI kRti kI, jo 'kirAta' nAma se prasiddha hai, (-11) mallinAthI TIkA se dvitIyA ke candra ko namana karane kI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| mAnatuGga usa sampradAya ke paramArAdhya devoM ke carita-granthoM meM unake mana ke Digane kI bAta par3ha cuke the| lagatA hai ki isIlie unhoMne 'citraM kimatra....' ityAdi pandrahaveM padya meM bhagavAn AdinAtha ke nirvikAra aDiga mana ko prativastUpamA alaGkAra ke mAdhyama se sumeru zikhara kI upamA dI hai| isa kalpanA kI puSTi prastuta stotra ke 'tvAmAmananti......' ityAdi teIsaveM padya ke AdhAra para bhI kI jA sakatI hai, jo mAnatuGga ko vedAbhyAsI siddha karatA hai; kyoMki ukta padya kI racanA zukla yajurveda ke mantra se milatI-julatI hai| itanI samAnatA akasmAt kaise ho sakatI hai? jaba taka puSTa pramANa nahIM milate taba taka maiM isa viSaya meM jora dekara kucha bhI nahIM kaha sakatA, isIlie ukta bAta ko 'eka kalpanA' hI likhA gayA hai| eka bhrama- paM0 zrI baladeva jI upAdhyAya ne apanI kRti 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' (pRSTha 364) meM AcArya mAnatuGga kI carcA aura una ke 'bhaktAmara-stotra' kI prazaMsA kI hai, para Age calakara (pRSTha 537) harSa kI sabhA meM bANa aura mayUra ke sAtha 'mAnatuGga' na likhakara 'mAtaGga divAkara' likhA hai aura unheM rAjazekhara ke eka madya ke AdhAra para nIca (cANDAla) jAti kA batalAyA gayA hai|" bhrama kA kAraNa- ukta bhrama kA kAraNa rAjazekhara (9vIM zatI) kA padya hai,

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jo 'subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra' (pRSTha 37) meM bhI mAtaGgadivAkara kI prazaMsA meM rAjazekhara ke nAma se uddhRta hai| isI padya ne paM0 baladeva jI upAdhyAya aura 'subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra' ke saMkalayitA paM0 kAzInAtha jI zarmA Adi ko bhrama meM DAlA hai| jAna par3atA hai ki rAjazekhara ne jisa kRti ke AdhAra para apane padya meM 'mAtaGga' zabda ko gumphita kiyA, usameM lipika kI anavadhAnatA se 'mAnatuGga' ke sthAna meM 'mAtaGga' likhA gayA hogaa| harSa kI sabhA meM mAnatuGga ke sAtha yA unake sthAna meM anya mAtaGga divAkara ke rahane kI bAta bhI nahIM socI jA sakatI jaisA ki itihAsa granthoM se spaSTa hai| yadi mAnatuGgAcArya cANDAla jAti ke hote to brAhmaNa kavi bANa aura mayUra ke sAtha rAjasabhA meM eka hI paMkti meM kaise baiThate tathA yajurveda kA abhyAsa kaise karate; kyoMki usa yuga meM aura abhI bhI strI aura zUdra ko vedAbhyAsa vartya hai--- 'strIzUdrau naadhiiyaataam|' ata: yaha mAnanA hogA ki lipika kI asAvadhAnI ne rAjazekhara ko bhrama meM DAlA aura rAjazekhara ke padya ne anya vidvAnoM ko| mAnatuGgakA vaiduSya- AcArya mAnataGga ke donoM stotroM ke adhyayana-manana se yaha spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke sAtha veda, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, alaGkArazAstra aura jaina va jainetara vAGmaya ke anya aneka viSayoM para bhI unakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| mAnatuGga kI kRtiyA~- prastuta bhaktAmara stotra' ke atirikta AcArya mAnatuGga kA prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha eka 'bhayahara-stotra' bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'namiUNa-stotra' hai| isa stotra ke dUsare padya ke satrahaveM padya taka kramaza: do-do padyoM meM kaSTa, jala, agni, sarpa, cora, siMha, gaja aura raNa ina ATha bhayoM kA ullekha hai| 'maGgalavANI' (pRSTha 158-163) meM mudrita isa stotra ke Upara 'namiUNa stotra' aGkita hai| isa nAma kA kAraNa prArambha meM 'namiUNa'8 pada kA honA hai| unnIsavIM gAthA se isakA 'bhayahara' nAma siddha hotA hai| ikkIsavI gAthA meM racayitA kA zliSTara nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| antima gAthA meM batalAyA gayA hai hai ki jo santuSTa mana se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA smaraNa karatA hai use eka sau ATha vyAdhijanya bhaya sarvathA naSTa ho jAte haiN| 11 mere sAmane jo maGgalavANI hai usameM mukha pRSTha sahita prArambha ke eka sau cauvAlIsa pRSTha nahIM haiM, ata: isakA prakAzana sthAna jJAta nahIM ho skaa| isameM kucha digambara stotra bhI prakAzita haiN| ___ 'bhayahara-stotra' mAnatuGga divAkara kI kRti hai, na ki mAnatuGgasUri kii| isakA ullekha AcArya prabhAcandra sUri ne 'mAnatuGga prabandha' (zloka 163) meM12 kiyA hai| isI viSaya meM mahAn vidvAn kaTAriyA jI ne bhI prakAza DAlA hai| 13

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bhaktAmara stotra nAma - isa stotra ke do nAma haiN| prArambha meM 'bhaktAmara' pada hone se isakA 'bhaktAmara ' yA 'bhaktAmara stotra' nAma par3a gayA hai, para vAstavika nAma 'AdinAtha-stotra' yA 'RSabhastotra' hai; kyoMki isameM isa yuga ke prathama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn 'AdinAtha' kA saMstavana kiyA gayA hai, jinake AdinAtha, RSabhanAtha, vRSabhanAtha, Adideva, RSabhadeva, vRSabhadeva aura purudeva Adi aneka nAma vyavahRta haiN| Adya stutikAra samantabhadra, dhanaMjaya, vAdirAja, kumudacandra, hemacandra aura jainetara kavi puSpadanta Adi aneka prAcIna manISiyoM ke stotroM ke isI prakAra se do-do nAma pracalita haiN| 81 padya - saMkhyA - prastuta stotra kI padya - saMkhyA ar3atAlIsa hai / katipaya hastalikhita prAcIna pratiyoM meM yadyapi tIna taraha ke cAra-cAra padya aura bhI upalabdha haiM, para ve punarukti tathA racanA vaiSamya ke kAraNa mAnatuGgakRta nahIM mAne jAte / ajJAtakAlikamuni ratnasiMha ke prANapriya nAmaka khaNDakAvya se bhI, jisameM bhagavAn 'neminAtha' kA varNana hai, ukta saMkhyA pramANita hotI hai; kyoMki isameM prastuta stotra ke sabhI caturtha caraNoM kI atyanta sundara samasyApUrti 14 kI gayI hai, jo ar3atAlIsa padyoM meM samApta huI hai| isI stotra ke pratyeka caraNa kI samasyApUrti 'bhaktAmara - zatadvayI' meM kI gayI hai| isase bhI ar3atAlIsa saMkhyA kA samarthana hotA hai / meghadUta kI padya saMkhyA kA nirNaya vidvAnoM ne pArzvAbhyudaya ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, jisameM bhagavajjinasenAcArya meghadUta ke padyoM kI samasyApUrti kI hai / sthAnakavAsI AcArya, kaviratna zrIamaramuni Adi bhI isI padya - saMkhyA ko mAna rahe haiN| cauvAlIsa padyoM kI mAnyatA- bhaktAmarastotra ke jina cAra (32-35) padyoM meM kramaza: dundubhi, puSpavRSTi, bhAmaNDala aura divyadhvani ina cAra pratihAryoM kA varNana hai, unheM chor3a kara zeSa cauvAlIsa padyoM kI mAnyatA prAyaH zvetAmbara jaina samAja meM pracalita hai, yadyapi ATha prAtihAryoM kA varNana zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI haiN| kalyANa - mandira stotra meM bhI ATha (19 - 26 ) padyoM meM kramazaH AThoM prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai, jo digambara samAja kI bhA~ti zvetAmbara samAja ko bhI mAnya hai| mAnyatA kA AdhAra- saMbhavataH mAnatuGga-prabandha isa mAnyatA kA AdhAra hai, jisameM AcArya prabhAcandra sUri ne likhA hai ki mayUra kavi ne sUryazataka- stotra kA nirmANa kara ke sUrya kA saMstavana kiyA thA, phalataH usa ( mayUra kavi) kA kuSTa naSTa ho gayA thaa| isa camatkAra ko dekhane ke pazcAt, eka mantrI ke anurodha para samrATa harSavardhana ne mAnatuGga se bhI camatkAra dikhalAne kI icchA vyakta kii| usane apane sipAhiyoM ko Adeza diyA ki- AcArya mAnatuGga ko ber3iyoM se jakar3a kara eka a~dhere kamare meM banda kara do| isa Adeza ke anusAra niSThura sipAhiyoM ne cauvAlIsa lauha ber3iyoM se

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pairoM se sira taka pUre zarIra ko jakar3a kara unheM lauha yantra jaisA banA diyA aura kamare meM banda kara diyaa| kapATa banda karake tAlA DAla diyaa| gAr3ha andhakAra meM DUba kareM vaha kamarA pAtAla sarIkhA ho gyaa| isI avasara para AcArya mAnatuGga ne ekAgra citta hokara bhaktAmara stotra kI racanA kI jisake prabhAva se sabhI ber3iyA~ tar3atar3A kara TUTa gayIM, tAlA TUTa gayA, phATaka khula gayA aura AcArya mAnatuGga bhI bAhara A gye| yaha dekhakara samrATa ko bar3A Azcarya huA aura usake manameM jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA ke bIja aGkarita ho utthe| Upara batalAyI gayI ber3iyoM kI cauvAlIsa saMkhyA hI merI dRSTi se bhaktAmara-stotra kI cauvAlIsa padya-saMkhyA kI mAnyatA kA kAraNa hai| thor3ebahuta hera-phera ke sAtha lagabhaga isI DhaMga kA ullekha digambara sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hai, antara saMkhyA kA hai| digambara sampradAya meM ar3atAlIsa daravAjoM aura tAloM kI anuzruti calI A rahI hai| __ sAhityika suSamA racanA kI cAruta- rAjA jayasiMha ke mahAmAtya vAgbhaTa kI dRSTi se kAvya racanA kI cArutA (sundaratA) ke cAra hetu haiM.-1. saMyukta varNa ko Age rakhakara pichale varNa ko guru bnaanaa| 2. visargoM kA lopa na krnaa| 3. aisI sandhi na karanA jisameM karNa kaTutA yA azlIlatA Adi doSa A jaay| 4. binA sandhi ke prayoga na krnaa| ye cAroM 'bhaktAmara-stotra' meM vidyamAna haiN| bhartRhari apane samaya ke mahAn vidvAn rahe, para unake 'nItizataka' ke prArambha meM hI 'madanaM ca imAM ca mAM ca' yahA~ para visandhi-guNa sandhi kA abhAva hai| 'bhaktAmara-stotra' meM kahIM para bhI mAnutuGga se aisI cUka nahIM huii| ata: racanA kI cArutA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha stotra zlAghya hai| __ alaGkAra-vicchitti- zabdAlaGkAroM meM chekAnuprAsa aura vRtyanuprAsa kI chaTA prastuta stotra ke pratyeka padya meM hai| varNa kI samAnatA eka bAra ho to chekAnuprAsa aura adhika bAra ho to vRtyanuprAsa hotA hai| prathama padya ke prathama caraNa meM 'Na' kA sAmya eka bAra hai, ata: chekAnuprAsa hai| 'AstAM tava stavanamastasamastadoSaM' (9) meM 'sta' kA sAmya aneka bAra hai, ata: vRttyanuprAsa hai| isI DhaMga se pratyeka padya meM anuprAsa kI vicchitti manohAriNI hai| arthAlaGkAroM meM se 'vaktraM kRte.....' (13) meM viSamAlaGkAra, 'nirdhUmavarti......' ityAdi tIna (16-18) padyoM meM vyatirekAlaGkAra, kundAvadAta......' (30) meM pUrNopamAlaGkAra, 'kalpAntakAla......' (40) meM anuprAsa, upamA, rUpaka aura phalotprekSA, 'stotrasrajaM.....' (48) meM rUpaka, zleSa aura anuprAsa evaM 'buddhyA vinApi.....' (3) meM bhrAntimAn alaGkAra kI dhvani camatkArajanaka hai| inake atirikta aura bhI atiyokti, AkSepa, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA aura samAsokti Adi arthAlaGkArayatra-tatra prayukta haiN| svalpakAya stotra meM itane adhika alaGkAroM kI vicchiti stotA ke

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AlaGkArika vaiduSya ko vyakta karatI hai| rasa- prastuta stotra meM Adi se anta taka bhaktirasa kI avicchinna dhArA askhalita gati se pravAhita hai| vibudhArcitapAdapITha (3) guNasamudra (4) munIza (5) nAtha (8) bhuvanabhUSaNa, bhUtanAtha (9) tribhuvanaikalalAmabhUta (12) trijagadIzvara (14) munIndra (17) vibudhArcita, dhIra, bhagavAn (25) jina (26) aura jinendra (36) ityAdi sambodhana, jinameM nAtha, munIza aura jinendra kA prayoga ekAdhika bAra huA hai, bhakti rasa kI abhivyakti ke anukUla hai| jo AlaGkArika bhakti rasa ko nahIM mAnate unakI dRSTi se isake sthAna meM deva viSayaka rati bhAva hai| chanda- isa stotra ke sabhI padyoM meM kevala eka 'vasantatilakA' jisakA dUsarA nAma vRttaratnAkara meM 'madhumAdhavI' bhI diyA gayA hai, prayukta hai| isakA lakSaNa hai- 'uktA vasantatilakA tabhajA jagau gaH / ' jisa meM kramaza: tagaNa, bhagaNa, jagaNa aura phira do guru varNa hoM, vaha 'vasantatilakA' chanda kahalAtA hai| yaha varNa chanda hai, na ki maatraa| vachanda meM eka gaNa meM tIna varNa hote haiM, ata: 'bhaktAmara stotra' ke pratyeka caraNa meM caudaha varNa haiN| cAroM caraNoM meM kula varNa chappana haiN| ar3atAlIsoM padyoM kI varNa saMkhyA do hajAra cha: sau aTThAsI hai| tulanA (ka) dhAtAsi dhIra! shivmaargvidhervidhaanaat| -bhaktAmara 25 IzvaraH paramAtmaiva taduktavratasevanAt / yato muktistatastasyAH kartA syAd gunnbhaavtH|| - zAstravArtAsamuccaya, pR0 204 AcArya mAnatuGga aura AcArya haribhadra (8vIM zatI) ne apane-apane ukta donoM vAkyoM meM mukhya yA gauNa kisI bhI rUpa meM bhagavAn arihanta ko kartA batalAyA hai, jaisA ki itara dArzanika brahmA yA Izvara ko mAnate haiN| antara kevala itanA hI hai ki mAnatuGga ne jise zivamArgavidhi kahA hai use haribhadra ne tduktvrtsevn| (kha) kundAvadAtacalacAmaracAruzobhaM vibhrAjate tava vapuH kaladhautakAntam / udyacchazAGkazucinirjharavAridhAra muccaistaTaM suragirekhi zAtakaumbham / / bhaktA0 30

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84 prakIrNakayugaM bhAti tvAM jinobhayato dhutam / patannirjharasaMvAdi zazAGkakaranirmalam / / AdipurANa 7.296 mAnatuGga aura bhagavajjinasena (9vIM zatI) ke ina padyoM meM 'nirjhara' aura 'zazAGka' padoM ke sAmya ke sAtha upamA kA sanniveza bhI draSTavya hai / isI viSaya meM kaTAriyA jI ne bhI likhA hai / 15 (ga) rAjA jayasiMha siddharAja (12vIM zatI) ke samakAlIna 16 AcArya kumudacandra kA jinheM yugavIra paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne digambara siddha kiyA hai17, kalyANamandira-stotra' digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai / kavitva kI dRSTi se jainetara manISI bhI ise nitAnta abhinandanIya mAnate haiM / 18 tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya kumudacandra ne apane 'kalyANamandira-stotra' kA anukrama bhaktAmara stotra ke AdhAra para bnaayaa| vasantatilakA chanda, Arambha meM yugmazloka, AtmalaghutA kA pradarzana, stovya ke guNoM ke varNana ke viSaya meM apane asAmarthya kA kathana, jinanAma ke smaraNa yA saMkIrtana kI mahimya hariharAdi devoM kA ullekha, jinendra ke saMstavana yA dhyAna se paramAtmapada kI prApti, ATha prAtihAryoM kA varNana, stuti kA phala - mokSa aura antima padya meM zliSTa nAmakumudacandra-ityAdi sAmya bhaktAmara stotra ko dekhe binA akasmAt honA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| isa tulanA se spaSTa hai ki bhaktAmara stotra ne uttarakAlIna aneka kRtiyoM ko avazya hI prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhaktAmara stotra ke avataraNa - vAgbhaTa ( 12vIM zatI) kI kRti vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (1.17) kI siMhadeva gaNIkRta saMskRta TIkA meM bhaktAmara stotra kA 'tubhyaM nabhaH ityAdi' (26vA~) padya pramANa rUpa se uddhRta hai aura ar3atIsa kRtiyoM ke praNetA zrutasAgara sUri (16vIM zatI) kI, AzAdhara ke jinasahasranAma grantha kI saMskRta TIkA ( pR0 235) meM 'nAtyadbhutaM .....' ityAdi (10 vA~) padya / anveSaNa karane para anya kRtiyoM yA unakI TIkAoM meM aura bhI avataraNa mila sakate haiN| jahA~ taka smaraNa hai 'vRttaratnAkara' kI eka jaina TIkA meM bhI isake aneka padyoM ke avataraNa haiM, jo isa samaya mere sAmane nahIM haiN| bhaktAmara se sambaddha kRtiyA~ bhaktAmara stotra ke cauthe tathA cAroM caraNoM ko lekara likhe gaye samasyApUrtyAtmaka do (prANapriya kAvya aura bhaktAmara - zatadvayI) kAvyoM ke atirikta jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka

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85 (vi0 16vIM zatI) ne bhaktAmarodyApana tathA bhaktAmarapUjA- ina do kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai evaM vizvabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka (vi0 18vIM zatI) tathA paM0 ninodIlAla ne bhaktAmaracarita kA / somasenAcArya ne bhaktAmara - mahAmaNDala - pUjA kI racanA kI / 'bhaktAmara - kathA' kA nAma bhI sunate haiM, para vaha bhI isa samaya mere sAmane nahIM hai / isa taraha tulanA, avataraNa aura sambaddha kRtiyoM se bhaktAmara stotra ke vyApaka prabhAva kA patA calatA hai| bhaktAmara kI TIkAe~ hUMvaNajJAtIya vratI zrAvaka rAyamalla ne, jinakI mA~ kA nAma campA aura pitA kA mahya thA, saM0 1667 meM prastuta stotra kI saMskRta TIkA racI thI, jo bhaktAmara - vRtti nAma se prasiddha hai aura saM0 1870 meM jayacandra ne isakI saMskRta evaM hindI meM do TIkAe~ racIM evaM hemarAja ne hindI padyAnuvAda kI racanA kI / inake atirikta aneka Adhunika viziSTa digambara - zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne saMskRta, hindI, aMgrejI evaM aneka prAntIya bhASAoM meM sundara gadya-padyAtmaka anuvAda likhe haiM, phira bhI sva0 pannAlAlajI dharmAlaGkAra, prophesara, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke Agraha para yaha anuvAda san 1950 meM kiyA gyaa| sandarbha : 1. bhaktAmara stotra dopahara se pahale hI par3hanA cAhie, sUryodaya ke samaya sabase uttama hai / varSa bhara nirantara par3hanA zuru karanA ho to zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada, kArtika, mArgazIrSa, pauSa yA mAgha meM kareM / tithi pUrNA, nandA aura jayA ho / zukla pakSa ho / usa dina upavAsa rakhe yA ekAzana kare / brahmacarya se rahe / bhaktAmara kA dUsarA kAvya lakSmI prApti aura zatru vijaya ke lie hai| isI prakAra 6 buddhi prakAza ke lie, 10 vacana siddhi ke lie, 11 khoI huI vastu kI puna: prApti ke lie, 15 brahmacarya, svapnadoSa kI nivRtti, rAjadarabAra meM sammAna, pratiSThA aura lakSmI kI vRddhi ke lie, 19 dUsaroM ke dvArA kie hue jAdU, bhUta- - preta kA asara dUra ho, rojagAra acchA lage, bhAgyahIna puruSa bhI bhUkhA na rahe, putra kI prApti ho, 21 svajana aura parajana sabakA prema prApta ho, 28 saba prakAra kI mana kI zubha icchA pUrNa ho, 36 sampatti kA lAbha ho, 45 saba prakAra kA bhaya aura upasarga dUra ho, teja pratApa prakaTa ho, saba prakAra ke rogoM kI zAnti ho, 46 rAjA kA bhaya dUra ho, jelakhAne se chUTe | 20 Upara ke kAvyoM kA jApa eka mAlA pratidina prAtaH kAla ke samaya karanA caahie| yaha bhaktAmara stotra mahAprabhAvazAlI hai / saba prakAra se Ananda maGgala karane vAlA

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8da hai| pATha pUrva aura uttara dizA kI tarapha mukha karake karanA ThIka hai| __ - maGgalavANI pR0 280-282 (maGgalavANI saMbhavata: sthAnakavAsiyoM ke yahA~ se prakAzita hai) 2. bANa ke atirikta anya kaI kavi harSa kI sabhA meM vidyamAna the| 'sUryazataka' yA 'mayUrazataka' ke racayitA mayUra kavi tathA 'bhaktAmara-stotra' nAmaka stotrakAvya ke kartA mAnatuGga divAkara bhI bANa ke sAtha harSa kI rAjasabhA meM the| - saMskRtakavidarzana, DaoN0 bholAzaGkara vyAsa, pR0 483-84. 3. 'jayantI prakaraNa' ko 'jayantIcarita' bhI kahate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke 12 veM zataka ke dvitIya uddezaka ke AdhAra se mAnatuGga sUri ne 'jayantIprakaraNa' kI racanA kI hai| - prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, DaoN0 jagadIzacandra, pR0 566. 4. jainaH zvetAmbarAcAryo mAnatuGgAbhidhaH sudhIH / mahAprabhAvasampanno vidyate tAvake pure / / 124 / / vedAhametaM puruSaM mahAntamAdityavarNaM tamasaH prstaat| tameva viditvA'timRtyumeti nAnyaH panthA vidyte'ynaay|| - zukla yajurveda, adhyAya 31 kaNDikA (mantra) 18. 6. aho prabhAvo vAgdevyA yanmAtaGgadivAkaraH / zrI harSasyAbhavat sabhya: samo baannmyuuryoH|| sunA jAtA hai ki divAkara (mAnatuGga) kA janma nIca (cANDAla) jAti meM huA thA parantu ye apanI guNagarimA se bANa aura mUyara ke samAna hI rAjA ke AdarapAtra the| namiUNa paNaya-suragaNacUDAmaNikiraNaraMjiyaM munninno| calaNajugalaM mahAbhayapaNAsaNaM saMthavaM vucchN|| 9. evaM mahAbhayaharaM pAsajiNaMdassa sNthvmuaarN| bhaviyajaNANaMdayaraM kallANaparaM pr-nihaannN||19|| 10. jo paDhai jo ya nisuNaI tANaM kaiNo ya maanntuNgss| pAso pAvaM pasameu sylbhuvnncciacclnno||21|| 11. pAsaha samaraNa jo kuNai sNtutttthhiyenn| advRttarasayavAhibhaya nAsai tassa duurenn||24|| 12. tatastadanusAreNa stavanaM vidadhe prbhuH| khyAtaM bhayaharaM nAma tadadyApi prvrtte||

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87 13. prAkRta meM 23 gAthAtmaka eka 'bhayahara-stotra' pAyA jAtA hai, jo zvetAmbaroM ke yahA~ se 'jaina-stotra - sandoha' dvitIya bhAga meM prakAzita huA hai| yaha stotra bhI mAnatuGga kI hI kRti batalAyA jAtA hai; kyoMki 'bhaktAmara stotra' kI taraha isake bhI antima padya meM (zleSAtmaka) mAnatuGga zabda pAyA jAtA hai| 'bhaktAmara stotra' meM jisa taraha 8 bhayoM kA varNana hai, usI taraha 'bhayahara-stotra' meM bhI / jaina nibandha ratnAvalI, pRSTha, 335. 14. prANapriyaM nRpasutA kila raivatAdrizRGgAsaMsthitamavocaditi pragalbham / asmAdRzAmuditanIlaviyogarUpe'vAlambanaM bhavajale patatAM janAnAm / / 1 / / 15. agara yaha ThIka hai to AdipurANa parva 7 zloka 293 se 301 kA jo varNana 'bhaktAmara stotra' se milatA huA hai vaha AcArya jinasena ne saMbhava hai 'bhaktAmarastotra se liyA ho / jaina nibandha ratnAvalI, pR0 338. - 16. rAjA jayasiMha siddharAja ko dArzanika zAstrArtha sunane kA bar3A zauka thA, syAdvAdaratnAkara ke kartA AcArya devasUri ke sAtha usane apanI rAjasabhA meM hI kalyANamandira - stotra ke racayitA karNATaka ke digambarAcArya kumudacandra kA mahattvapUrNa vAda karAyA thaa| * bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi- DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, pR0 207. 17. 'prAgbhArasaMbhRtanabhAMsi rajAMsi ityAdi tIna pada aise haiM jo pArzvanAtha ko daityakRta upasarga se yukta prakaTa karate haiM, jo digambara mAnyatA ke anukUla aura zvetAmbara mAntayA ke pratikUla haiM; kyoMki zvetAmbarIya AcArAGga-niryukti meM vardhamAna ko chor3a kara zeSa 23 tIrthaGkaroM ke tapa: karma ko nirupasarga varNita kiyA hai| isase bhI prastuta kalyANa - mandira digambara kRti honI cAhie / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, pR0 516. 18. 'kalyANamandira-stotra' meM kevala 44 padya haiM parantu kAvyadRSTi se yaha nitAnta abhinandanIya haiM / kavitA bar3I prAsAdika tathA naisargika hai / kavi kI uktiyoM meM bar3A camatkAra hai / saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pRSTha 364. - ,

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tattvasaMsiddhi aura usakI vacanikA : eka vivecana tattvasaMsiddhi tattvasaMsiddhi vikramakI 11vIM zatIke pUrva bhAga ke prasiddha mahAkavi vIranandIke mahAkAvya-'candraprabhacaritam' kA eka viziSTa aMza hai| isa mahAkAvyakA pratipAdya viSaya aSTama tIrthaGkara candraprabha kA jIvana vRtta hai, para isake prAsaGgika viSayoM meM dArzanika carcA bhI hai, jo 68 (2, 43-110) zlokoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| isameM mukhyataH tattvopaplava darzana kI tathA prasaGgataH cArvAka, vedAnta, sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha aura mImAMsA darzanoM kI katipaya tAttvika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karake jainadarzana ke mAnya jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ina sAta tattvoM kI siddhi prabala yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| tattvopaplava darzana' kA pUrva pakSa tatvopaplava darzanake anusAra koI jIva nAmaka prAmANika padArtha nahIM hai, ata: usake abhAva meM ajIva padArtha kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? kyoMki ajIva jIvakI apekSA rakhatA hai| sthUla aura sUkSmakI bhA~ti jIva aura ajIva paraspara sApekSa haiM-koI sthUla ho to usakI apekSAse koI sUkSma bhI ho sakatA hai aura koI sUkSma ho to usakI apekSAse koI sthUla bhI ho sakatA hai| isI taraha koI jIva ho to usakI apekSAse koI ajIva bhI ho sakatA hai| jaba jIva hai hI nahIM to ajIvakA abhAva hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataeva jIvake dharma bandha aura mokSa Adi bhI kaise ho sakate haiM? kyoMki dharmI (padArtha) ke hone para hI usake dharma (svabhAva yA guNa) hote haiM, na ki usake abhAva meN| isa kAraNase sabhI tattva granthoM meM hI chipe raheM to ThIka hai| anyathA jyoM-jyoM unapara vicAra kiyA jAyegA tyoM-tyoM ve jIrNavastrakI bhA~ti khaNDita hote jaayNge| sar3A-galA kapar3A jaba taka taha kiyA huA rakhA rahatA hai taba taka acchA pratIta hotA hai, para jaba taha kholakara phailAyA jAne lagatA hai taba vaha chinna-bhinna hone lagatA hai aura usameM ulajhaneM bhI Ane lagatI haiN| bilkula yahI sthiti tattvoM kI hai| jo dArzanika jIvako svIkAra bhI kara lete haiM, ve bhI usake dharma yA svarUpake viSayameM vivAda karate dekhe jAte haiM; kyoMki unake saMskAra apane-apane Agamase prabhAvita rahate haiN| jaise *. DaoN0kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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- (ka) vedAnta darzana kI mAnyatA-vedAnta darzana kA kahanA hai ki AtmA kUTastha nitya hai| (kha) sAMkhya darzana kI mAnyatA- sAMkhya darzana kA kathana hai ki AtmA akartA hai| (ga) nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatA- nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmA ko jar3a-jJAnazUnya mAnatA hai| (gha) bauddha darzana kI mAnyatA- bauddha darzana jJAna kI santAnako AtmA batalAtA hai| isa taraha jaba AtmAke dharmoke viSayameM prAya: sabhI darzana eka-dUsarese viparIta hI pratipAdana karate haiM, taba kisI ekako bhI satya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ata: isa viparIta kathanake kAraNa bhI AtmA kA abhAva hI siddha hotA hai; kyoMki jaba koI dharma siddha ho tabhI to dharmIko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| uttara pakSa- 'jIva nahIM hai'- yaha tattvopaplava darzanakA kathana pratyakSa Adi pramANoMse khaNDita hai| phira ise siddha karaneke lie hetakA prayoga karake kauna apanA parihAsa karAyegA? jIva nahIM hai; kyoMki usakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI- jIvo nAsti tdnuplbdheH| yahA~ jIva pakSa hai; nAsti (nAstitva) sAdhya hai aura anupalabdheH hetu hai| pratyeka prANI ko apane-apane sukha-duHkha AdikI anubhUti hotI hai.---'maiM sukhI hU~ yA maiM duHkhI hU~--yaha anubhava sabhI ko hotA hai| jIva sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAoMse yukta hai, ata: isakA anubhava svasaMvedana pratyakSa ke AdhAra sabhIko hotA hai| maiM sukhI hU~-ityAdi anubhUtiyoMmeM maiM kA vAcyArtha AtmA hI hai| aisI sthitimeM vaha (AtmA) nahIM hai- yaha kahanA apanA parihAsa karAnA hI to hai| jo bhI vyakti vastukA pratyakSa anubhava honepara bhI usakA niSedha karatA hai, usakA parihAsa hI huA karatA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki svasaMvedana pratyakSa hotA hI nahIM; kyoMki koI bhI jJAna svayaMko nahIM jaantaa| kAraNa ki jJAna vedya hai, jaise kalaza aadi| kalazako sabhI jAna lete haiM, para vaha kisIko bhI nahIM jAna sktaa| bilakula yahI sthiti jJAnakI bhI hai| yaha kathana ThIka nahIM; kyoMki jaise dIpaka apaneko aura anya padArthako bhI prakAzita karatA hai, isI taraha jJAna bhI apane sAtha anya padArthoMko bhI jAnatA hai| yadi jJAna apaneko nahIM jAne to vaha anya padArthoM ko bhI nahIM jAna sktaa| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki prathama jJAna ko dUsarA jJAna aura dUsare jJAnako tIsarA jJAna jAna letA hai, to isa paramparAkA kabhI anta hI nahIM A skegaa| aisI sthitimeM anavasthA ho jaaygii| phira yaha bhI eka prazna hogA ki uttaravartI jJAna svayaMko jAnatA hai yA nahIM? yadi nahIM jAnatA, to vaha apane pUrvavartI jJAnako bhI nahIM jAna sktaa| atazca kisI bhI padArthakA jJAna nahIM ho skegaa| yadi parokSa jJAnase bhI padArthakA jJAna hotA hai- yaha kahA jAye, to yaha bhI asaGgata hai|

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90 yadi ise saGgata mAnA jAye to eka vyakti jisa padArtha ko jAna rahA hai, use dUsareke dvArA bhI jJAta mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataeva ina ApattiyoMke kAraNa jJAnako svasaMvedI-apaneko jAnanevAlA hI mAnanA cAhie, jo ki yuktisaGgata hai| phalata: tattvopaplavavAdIke isa kathanameM ki jIva nahIM hai pratyakSa bAdhA hai| ata: 'jIva hai' yaha sutarAM siddha hai|| prazna- svasaMvedana pratyakSa ke AdhAra para garbha se lekara maraNaparyanta jIva kA rahanA siddha hai- yaha hama (cArvAka) mAna lete haiM, kintu garbha se pahale aura mRtyu ke bAda usakA astitva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? ___ uttara- jo vastu sat ho tathA jisakA koI utpAdaka na ho, vaha nitya hotI hai aura isIlie vaha anAdi aura ananta hotI hai| jIva sat hai aura kisIse utpanna bhI nahIM hotA, ata: nitya hai; anAdi hai; ananta hai| dRSTAnta ke lie pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu, jinheM Apa svayaM anAdi aura ananta mAnate haiN| yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki pRthivI Adi cAroM tattva jIvakI utpatti meM hetu haiM, ata: vaha na nitya hai; na anAdi hai; na ananta haiM to hama (jaina) Apase pUchate haiM ki pRthvI Adi cAroM tattva sammilita rUpameM jIvako utpanna karate haiM yA eka-eka krke| donoM hI pakSa asaGgata haiN| kyoM? sunie- yadi cAroM meM se kisI ekako jIvakI utpatti meM hetu mAnate haiM, to jIvameM usakI saMkhyAkA prasaGga AyegA-jisa bhUtase jIvakI utpatti hogI, usake pratyeka kaNameM jIvotpAdanakI zakti hogI yA unake samudAyameM? yadi pratyekameM, to kaNoM kI jitanI saMkhyA hogI, utanI hI jIvoMkI saMkhyA hogii| para kisI eka zarIrameM aneka jIvoM kI utpatti mAnanA ThIka nahIM; kyoMki sabhI jIvoMkI alaga-alaga icchAe~ hoMgI, phalata: unakI pUrtike lie sabhI jIvoMmeM sadA mahAbhArata chir3A rhegaa| yadi isase bacaneke lie kisI eka yA cAroM bhUtoMke kaNa samudAyameM jIvotpAdanakI zakti mAneM, to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM; kyoMki cAhe eka bhUtake kaNa hoM, cAhe cAroMke, ve saba ke saba acetana haiM, ata: unase cetanakI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| aisA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai, jo acetanase cetanakI utpatti ko siddha karanemeM sahAyaka ho| pratyeka kAryakI utpatti meM upAdAna aura nimitta ye do kAraNa hote haiN| upAdAna kAraNa sadA sajAtIya hI hotA hai, yaha niyama hai| jo kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpameM pariNata ho jAye, vaha upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai aura anya sahAyaka kAraNoMko nimitta kAraNa kahate haiN| ghar3ekI utpatti meM miTTI aura kapar3ekI utpattimeM tantu upAdAna kAraNa hote haiN| jabataka ghar3e tathA kapar3ekA astitva rahatA hai tabataka miTTI aura tantuoMkA sAtha banA rahatA hai| jaise chAyA manuSyakA anugamana karatI hai vaise hI miTTI aura tantu ghar3e aura kapar3ekA anugamana karate haiN| zaGkA-upAdAna kAraNa sadA sajAtIya hI hotA hai, yaha kahanA nirdoSa nahIM haivyabhicarita hai; kyoMki sIMga bANakA sajAtIya nahIM hai, phira bhI usase bANakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai|

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__ samAdhAna- sIMga aura bANa donoM hI paudgalika haiM, ata: sajAtIya haiM, isaliye koI doSa nhiiN| prazna- pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAya- ye cAroM vijAtIya hokara bhI cetana ko utpanna kara deM to kyA hAni hai? gobara vijAtIya hokara bhI bicchU ko utpanna kara detA hai| uttara- yadi aisA mAna liyA jAye to pAnI se bhI pRthvI utpanna ho jAye aura aisI sthiti meM Apa (cArvAka) ke tattvoMkI saMkhyA cAra nahIM raha sktii| gobara bicchU ke zarIrakI utpattimeM kAraNa ho sakatA hai, na ki usake AtmA kI utpatti meN| __ AtmAkI utpattike lie koI anya upAdAna kAraNa ho-yaha bhI bAta nahIM hai| yadi yaha bAta hotI to pRthvI Adi cAra tattvoMko sahakArI kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA thaa| yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki 'AtmAkI utpattimeM zarIra upAdAna kAraNa hai', to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM; kyoMki zarIrameM upAdAnakA svabhAva nahIM hai| yadi zarIra upAdAna hotA, to zarIrake jyoM-ke tyoM bane rahane para AtmAmeM vikAra nahIM honA cAhie, para hotA to hai| zarIrake ThIka rahate hue bhI, AtmA use chor3akara cala detA hai-mRtyu ho jAtI hai| ghaTake upAdAna kAraNa miTTI meM yaha bAta nahIM dekhI jaatii| ghar3ekI miTTI jabataka ThIka rahatI hai, tabataka ghar3A banA hI rahatA hai| ataeva svasaMvedana pratyakSake atirikta anumAna bhI AtmAke abhAvakA bAdhaka hai| anumAna kA AkAra yaha hai- 'AtmA anAdi aura ananta hai; kyoMki vaha sat padArtha hai' (zlo0 21) / tattvopaplavavAdIne AtmA kA abhAva siddha karaneke lie jo anupalabdhi hone se-'anupalabdhe:' hetu diyA hai, vaha bhI asiddha hai; kyoMki svasaMvedana pratyakSase usa (AtmA) kA sadbhAva siddha hai| __ AtmA aura pRthvI Adi eka hI jAtike tattva haiM, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki inake svarUpameM bheda hai-pRthvI Adi tattva acetana haiM aura AtmA cetn| bhinna-bhinna pratibhAsake AdhAra para jisa taraha Apa pRthvI Adi cAroM tattvoMko pRthakpRthak mAnate haiM, usI taraha pRthvI Adi tattvoMse Atmatattvako bhI pRthak maaniye| isa taraha AtmAkI sattA siddha hotI hai| AtmAkI kUTastha nityatAkA nirasana- vedAntI AtmAko kUTasthanitya (bra0 sa0 zAGkarabhASya, pR0 20) mAnate haiM, para unakA yaha mAnanA saGgata nahIM hai; kyoMki isameM pratyakSa se hI bAdhA hai| vaha isa taraha ki pratyeka prANI kabhI sukha kI to kabhI 'du:khakI avasthA (paryAya) kA svasaMvedana pratyakSase anubhava karatA hai| sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAe~ AtmAkI haiM, jo usase bhinna nahIM haiM- avasthA aura avasthAvAnmeM abheda hotA

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92 hai| aisI sthitimeM AtmA apanI ina avasthAoMkI anityatAke kAraNase svayaM bhI kathaMcit anitya hai| prazna-sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAe~ AtmAse bhinna haiM, ata: inakI anityatAke AdhArapara AtmAko kathaMcit anitya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? uttara- sukha-du:kha Adi avasthAe~ AtmAse bhinna nahIM mAnI jA sakatI; kyoMki unake bhinna hone para ye avasthAe~ AtmAkI haiM? isa prakArakA sambandha nahIM ho skegaa| __ yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM ki avasthAoMke bhinna rahane para bhI samavAyake AdhAra para ye avasthAe~ AtmAkI haiM'-yaha sambandha bana jAyegA; kyoMki samavAya nitya hai, ata: vaha aisA upakAra nahIM kara sktaa| eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki samavAya jisa upakArako karegA, vaha usakA hai yaha kaise siddha hogA? yadi isake lie anya samavAyakI kalpanA kI jAye to usake kiye hue upakAra kA bhI usake sAtha sambandha siddha karaneke lie punaH eka anya samavAya kI AvazyakatA par3egI, jo anavasthAko utpanna kara degI; kyoMki upakArake bAremeM uttarottara aise hI sambandhoM ke lie naye-naye samavAyakI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| ata: nitya samavAyase kisI upakArakI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| upakArake Azraya para hI to sambandha mAnA jAtA hai| ataeva sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAoMse abhinna honeke kAraNa AtmA pariNamanazIla hai| phalata: vaha kUTastha nitya nahIM ho sktaa| AtmAkI jar3atAkA nirAkaraNa- nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmAko jar3a (jJAna zUnya) mAnatA hai| usakI dRSTi se saMsArI AtmA jJAna guNake samavAyase jJAnavAn hotA hai, para muktAtmAmeM usakA uccheda ho jAtA hai| yaha mAnyatA saGgata nahIM hai; kyoMki AtmAkA usakI cidrUpa sukha-duHkhAdi avasthAoMke sAtha abheda hai| yadi ina avasthAoMse AtmAko mukta mAnA jAye to vaha ni:svarUpa ho jaayegaa| AtmAke akartRtvakA nirasana- sAMkhya AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAnate, kevala bhoktA hI mAnate haiN| unakA yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM; kyoMki AtmA acche-bure karmoMkA kartA nahIM hai, to usake puNya-pApakA bandha kaise hogA? 'AtmA bhoktA-bhoganekI kriyAkA kartA hai'-- yaha svIkAra karate hue bhI, usake kartRtvakA apalApa karanA anucita hai| pradhAnake karmabandha hotA hai-yaha mAnyatA bhI ThIka nahIM; kyoMki pradhAna (prakRti) acetana hai| ata: AtmAko akartA mAnanA pApa hai| satyakA apalApa karake asatyakA pratipAdana karanA pApa kyA, mahApApa hai| AtmA kI cittasantAnatA kA khaNDana-bauddha kevala cittasantati (jJAna dhArA) ko AtmA mAnate haiN| unakA yaha mAnanA ayukta hai; kyoMki santAnavAn ke binA santAnakA

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93 astitva nahIM raha sakatA / jJAna AtmAkA guNa hai| vaha AtmAke binA nahIM raha sakatA, to phira usakI svatantra santAna kaise bana sakatI hai? yadi santAnako svatantra mAnA jAye, to prazna hotA hai ki vaha nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya mAnA jAye to sabhI vastuoMko kSaNika mAnanekI pratijJA hI khaNDita ho jaaygii| yadi anitya mAnA jAye to kRtakA nAza aura akRtakA abhyAgama ho jAyegA; kyoMki vartamAna santAna kSaNa acche-bure karmako karake turanta hI vilIna ho jAyegA, ataH usakA kiyA huA karma yoM hI naSTa ho jAyagA aura agalA santAna kSaNa apane binA kiye hue bhI usa karmake phalako prApta kara legA / pUrvApara kSaNa bauddhoMkI dRSTise niranvaya hote haiM, ataH yaha bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki jo santAna kSaNa vartamAnameM jisa karmako karatA hai, vahI agale kSaNameM usake phalako bhI prApta kara legA / AtmAkI vyApakatAkA apAkaraNa- aneka jainetara darzana AtmAko vyApaka mAnate haiM, para unakA yaha mAnanA ghaTita nahIM hotA; kyoMki svasaMvedana pratyakSase unakI anubhUti zarIrake andara hotI hai, na ki bAhara / yadi sabhIkI AtmAko vyApaka hI mAna liyA jAye, to eka vyaktike sukha-duHkha AdikI anubhUti dUsareko bhI honI cAhie, para hotI nahIM hai, ataH AtmAko vyApaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / upasaMhAra - uparyukta Atma-viSayaka samIkSaNase spaSTa hai ki Atma-tattvake viSayameM tattvopaplavavAdIne aneka darzanoMkI jo mAnyatAe~ usake abhAvako pramANita karanekI dRSTise upasthita kI haiM, ve bhrAntimUlaka haiN| vastutaH AtmA anAdi, ananta, nijadehapramANa, kartA, bhoktA aura citsvarUpa hai, jaisA ki yukti aura pramANoMke AdhArapara siddha hotA hai| AtmAkA sadbhAva siddha honese usakI apekSA rakhanevAle ajIva Adi anya tattva bhI siddha ho jAte haiM, 'isalie sabhI tattva upapluta (bAdhita) haiM'- yaha mAnyatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai / mokSa mImAMsakoM kI vipratipatti jIva Adiko svIkAra karake bhI mImAMsaka mokSakA abhAva batalAte haiM / " vipratipattikA nirasana -- mImAMsakoMkI yaha vipratipatti ki mokSa nahIM hai, ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki isameM anumAnase bAdhA AtI hai| jJAnAvaraNa Adi AThoM karmoMke kSayako mokSa kahate haiM jo ki anumAnase siddha hai| anumAnoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai; kyoMki AvaraNoM kA kSaya hue binA usameM sarvajJatA nahIM ho sakatI / kAryako dekhakara usake kAraNakA sadbhAva mAna lenA anivArya hotA hai| yahA~ sarvajJatA kArya hai aura samasta karmoMkA kSaya usakA kAraNa / sarvajJatAkA bAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai, ataH usa ( sarvajJatA ) ko

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94 asiddha nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| indriyajanya pratyakSase kisI bhI atIndriya padArthakA sadbhAva yA asadbhAva siddha nahIM ho sakatA, ata: cAkSuSa pratyakSa sarvajJakA bAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| zaMkA- koI vyakti sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha puruSa hai, jaise koI rAhagIra-isa anumAnase bAdhA Aneke kAraNa sarvajJatA kA sadbhAva kaise mAnA jAye? samAdhAna- jisa taraha puruSatva ke rahate hue bhI kisI vyaktimeM samasta vedoMke arthajJAnakA atizaya prakaTa ho jAtA hai, usI taraha puruSatva Adike rahate hue bhI kisI viziSTa vyaktimeM samasta padArtha jAna lenekA atizaya prakaTa ho sakatA hai, ata: mImAMsakoMkI ukta zaGkA ThIka nahIM hai| isI taraha upamAna, arthApatti aura pauruSeya Agama sarvajJatAke abhAvako siddha nahIM kara skte| yadi abhAva pramANase sarvajJakA abhAva batalAyA jAye, to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM; kyoMki jise eka bAra dekha liyA jAye usIkA abhAva siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarvajJako jaba dekhA hI nahIM to usakA abhAva kaise batalAyA jA sakatA hai? yadi use dekhakara bhI abhAva batalAyA jAye to ise asatya hI mAnA jaaygaa| ataeva sarvajJatAke siddha ho jAnepara mokSa bhI sutarAM siddha ho jAtA hai aura mokSake siddha honepara jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA ina tattvoMkI bhI saMsiddhi ho jAtI hai| vacanikA- prastuta kRti-'tattvasaMsiddhiH' ke sAtha DhaMDhArI bhASAmeM nibaddha vacanikA bhI mudrita hai, jo abhI taka aprakAzita rhii| isameM tattvasaMsiddhiH ke padyoMkA tAtparya diyA gayA hai| vacanikAkA sampAdana ja da dha ba- ina vargoM se saMketita cAra hasta likhita pratiyoMke AdhArapara kiyA gayA hai| ja prati jayapura, ba byAvara aura da dha dehalIse prApta huI thiiN| vacanikA ke racayitA-- prastuta vacanikAke racayitAkA nAma paM0 jayacanda, gotra chAvar3A aura jAti khaNDelavAla hai| ApakA janma jayapura (rAjasthAna) ke nikaTa 'phAgaI' grAmameM zrI motIrAmajI lekhapAla-paTavArI ke yahA~ vi0saM0 1795 meM huA thaa| gyAraha varSakI avasthA meM Apa jayapurameM paNDitapravara ToDaramala, 'paNDitarAya' daulatarAma, brahmarAyamalla aura vratI mahArAmake samparkameM aaye| inakI tatvacarcAke sunanese prabhAvita hokara Apa apane samayako zAstra svAdhyAyameM lagAne lge| tatkAlIna rAjA jagatezake snehabhAjana zrIrAyacandrake saujanyase Apa anya cintAoMse mukta rahakara cauMsaTha 2 varSakI Ayu taka zAstrIya cintanameM saMlagna rhe| phalata: Apako prAya: cAroM anuyogoMke

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95 prasiddha granthoMkA abhyAsa ho gyaa| isake pazcAt Apane tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, dravyasaMgraha, aSTapAhuDa, samayasAra, jJAnArNava, prameyaratnamAlA, AptamImAMsA, patraparIkSA aura candraprabhacarita (kevala dArzanika aMza-tattvasaMsiddhiH) Adi aneka granthoMpara prAmANika vacanikAe~ racI, jinameMse adhikAMza mudrita bhI ho cukI haiN| paM0 ToDaramalajIkI bhA~ti Apa bhI apane samayake labdha pratiSTha viziSTa vidvAn rhe| yaha saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki sarvArthasiddhikI vacanikAke antameM Apane apanA thor3A sA paricaya padyAtmaka prazastimeM aGkita kara diyA thA, jo Aja itihAsakA kAma de rahA hai| jIvanako antima avadhi (vi0 saM0 1881-82) taka ApakA lekhana kArya jArI rhaa| sandarbha : 1. cArvAka darzana atyadhika prAcIna hai| jaina va jainetara darzanoM ke atirikta rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI isakI carcA pAyI jAtI hai| mahAbhArala (zAnti parva) ke anusAra isa nAstika darzanakA sUtrapAta cArvAka nAmaka rAkSasane kiyA thaa| lokapracalita ho jAnese bAda meM isakI 'lokAyata' saMjJA pdd'ii| bRhaspati isa darzanake pramukha AcArya hue, ata: inhIM ke nimittase isakA 'bArhaspatyadarzana' nAma par3a gyaa| bRhaspati ne apane sUtroM meM batalAyA hai ki pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye cAra hI tattva haiN| inhIMse saMyoga se deha ke sAtha caitanya utpatra hotA hai, jo usI ke sAtha naSTa ho jAtA hai| use agalA janma nahIM lenA pdd'taa| paraloka meM jAne vAlA koI nahIM, ata: paraloka bhI nahIM hai| maraNa hI mokSa hai| sambhogajanya sukha hI svarga hai| kaNDakAdijanya duHkha hI naraka hai| rAjA hI Izvara hai| daNDanIti hI eka vidyA hai| pratyakSa hI eka pramANa hai| indriyagocara jagat hI vAstavika jagat hai| ataeva khAo, pIo aura udd'aao| gAMThameM paise na hoM to RNa lekara ghI piio| RNa cukAne kI cintA karanA vyartha hai; kyoMki dehake bhasma hone para phirase janma to hotA nahIM, jo agale janmameM RNa cukAnA par3e-yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet (vartamAna samayake anusAra 'hatvA hatvA surAM pibet')| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH||' ityaadi| Age cala kara yaha darzana aneka zAkhAoMmeM vibhakta ho gyaa| inhIM zAkhAoMmeM tattvopaplava darzana yA vAda bhI hai, jo cArvAkadarzana kI mAnyatAoM kA bhI khaNDana karatA hai| samprati cArvAka darzanakA eka bhI maulika grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, para tattvopaplava darzanakA eka grantha- 'tattvopaplavasiMhaH' upalabdha hai| yaha 10vIM zatIkA samajhA jAtA hai| saMbhavata: pUrvapakSa likhate samaya yaha grantha vIranandIke sAmane rahA hogaa| (cArvAka darzanake anusAra) pRthvI Adi (cAra) tattva lokaprasiddha haiM, para ve bhI jaba vicAra karanepara siddha nahIM hote, taba anya (jaina Adi darzanoMke mAnya) tattva

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96 kyA siddha ho sakate haiM?-'pRthivyAdIni tattvAni loke prasiddhAni, tAnyapi vicAryamANAni na vyavatiSThante, kiM punaranyAni?'-bhaTTa jayarAzi-tattvopaplavasiMha pR0 1 / puruSa (AtmA) avinAzI hai; kyoMki usake vinAzakA koI kAraNa nahIM hai aura vaha kUTastha nitya bhI hai; kyoMki usake vikArakA koI hetu nahIM hai- 'puruSo vinAzahetvabhAvAdavinAzI, vikriyAhetvabhAvAcca kuuttsthnityH|' bra0sU0 zAGkarabhASya, pR0-20, nirNayasAgara prkaashn| candraprabhacaritamkI paJjikAmeM AtmA kI kUTasthanityatAko sAMkhyadarzanakI aura akartRtAko mImAMsA darzanakI mAnyatA batalAyA hai, para sUkSma vicAra karanepara yaha saGgata pratIta nahIM hotA; kyoMki mImAMsA zlokavArtikameM AtmA ko ekAdhika sthaloMpara kartA batalAyA gayA hai| jaise- kartA tAvatsvayaM pumAn zlo0 76, pR0 709, caukhambhA prkaashn| isake lie ukta granthake 75 tathA 82 Adi anya zloka bhI draSTavya haiN| yoM sAMkhyadarzana bhI AtmA ko kUTasthanitya mAnatA hai, para 7veM zloka ke pUrvArdha meM 'kecit' kA do bAra ullekha huA hai| aisI sthitimeM pahale 'kecit' se vedAnta darzanako lenA cAhie aura dUsare 'kemi' se sAMkhya darzanako; kyoMki mImAMsA darzana AtmAko akartA nahIM, kartA mAnatA hai| tattvasaMsiddhiH (zloka 48) meM kahA gayA hai ki mImAMsaka jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa aura sukha-dukhako svIkAra karake bhI mokSake viSayameM vivAda karate haiM (vipratipadyante) para agale (49-67) zlokoM se spaSTa hai ki mImAMsaka mokSake sadbhAvako svIkAra nahIM krte| maharSi jaiminike sUtroMme mokSakI carcA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| somadeva sUrine mImAMsakoMkA eka uddharaNa diyA hai'aGgArAJjanAdivatsvabhAvAdeva kAluSyotkarSapravRttasya cittasya na kutazcidvizuddhacittavRttiH' -(yazastilakacampU, bhAga 2, pRSTha 269) / yahI uddharaNa bhAskaranandiviracita tattvArthavRtti-sukhabodhA (pRSTha 3) meM bhI upalabdha hai| isakA artha hai-koyale evaM kajjala kI bhAMti svabhAvase hI atyanta malina manakI vRtti kisI bhI kAraNase zuddha nahIM ho sktii|-yh jaiminIyoM- mImAMsakoMkA abhimata hai| isI abhiprAya kA eka anya padya bhI dhUmadhvajake nAmase somadevane uddhRta kiyA hai-'ghRSyamANo yathAGgAraH zuklatAM naiti jaatucit| vizuddhayati kutazcitaM nisargamalinaM tthaa||' (yazastilakacampU, bhAga 2, pRSTha 250)-jaise ghisA gayA koyalA kabhI sapheda nahIM ho sakatA vaise svabhAva se malina mana bhI kaise zuddha ho sakatA hai? arthAt nahIM ho sakatA (ata: isake lie tapasyAkA prayAsa vyartha hai|) manakI zuddhike binA Atmazuddhi nahIM ho sakatI aura Atmazuddhike binA -

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97 mokSa bhI nahIM ho sakatA-- isI dRSTise vIranandIne mImAMsakoMke mokSAbhAvako pUrvapakSameM rakhakara usakA nirasana kiyA hai| maharSi jaimini (300 vi0 pU0) ne mokSakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA, para kumArila bhaTTa (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI) ne mImAMsA zlokavArtika meM kiyA hai- isakA koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| jAna par3atA hai anya darzanoM kA prabhAva hI isameM kAraNa hai, jaisA ki Adhunika jainetara manISiyoMke ullekhoM se spaSTa hai(1) vaidika-karmoMkA phala svarga prApti mAnA jAtA hai| niratizaya sukhakA nAma svarga hai 'svargakAmo yajeta' vAkyameM yajJa karmoke sampAdanakA uddezya spaSTa rUpase svargakI kAmanA diyA gayA hai| parantu anya darzanoMmeM mAnava jIvanakA lakSya mokSa batalAyA gayA hai| phalata: mImAMsAmeM bhI mokSakI bhAvanAne praveza kiyaa|aacaary zrIrAmazarmA-mImAMsAdarzana, bhUmikA, pRSTha 13 / / (2) vaidika karmokA phala hai svarga kI praapti| niratizaya sukhakA hI apara nAma svarga hai| 'svargakAmo yajeta' vAkya yajJakA sampAdana svargakI kAmanAke lie vidhAna karatA hai, parantu anya darzanoMmeM mokSa hI mAnava jIvanakA lakSya mAnA gayA 2 hai| phalata: yahA~ bhI mokSakI bhAvanAne praveza kiyaa|' - paNDita baladeva upAdhyAya-bhAratIya darzana, pR0 419. ataeva yaha mAnanA par3egA ki prastuta viSaya meM vIranandI kA pUrvapakSa sarvathA saMgata hai|

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neminirvANa : eka adhyayana* bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM jaina sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yoM sAhitya meM sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kintu prastuta lekha meM kevala kAvya sAhitya kI carcA apekSita hai| samasta vAGmaya kI racanA mAnavamAtra ke hita kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai, kintu anya zAstroM kI kaThinAI ko dekha kara AcAryoM ne mAnava ko sarala rIti se zikSA dene ke lie kAvya zAstra kA nirmANa prArambha kiyaa| anya zAstra eka-eka viSaya kI zikSA dete haiM, para kAvya zAstra saMkSepa meM sabhI zAstroM kA sAra, sarala aura sarasa zabdoM meM batalAne kA prayatna karatA hai| caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn zrI vizvanAtha ne jo caudaha bhASAeM jAnate the-likhA hai "alpa buddhivAloM ko bhI cUMki kAvya se hI sukhapUrvaka dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM ke phala kI prApti, binA parizrama ke hI ho jAtI hai, ata: maiM usa (kAvya) ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kara rahA hU~" cartuvargaphala prAptiH sukhAdalpadhiyAmapiM / kAvyAdeva yatastena tatsvarUpaM nirUpyate / / - sAhityadarpaNa 1-2 dasavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn zrI mamamTa ne-- jo vAgdevatA ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM- likhA hai "kAvya vaMza kA janaka, artha kA utpAdaka, vyavahAra kA bodhaka, amaGgala kA vinAzaka, zIghra hI Ananda kA janaka aura strI ke samAna sarasatA se upadeza pradAna karane vAlA hai|" kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAra vide zivetara ata ye| sadyaH parinirvRtayu kAntAsammita tayopadeza yuje|| - kAvyaprakAza 1-2 mammaTa ke pUrvavartI alaGkArikoM ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai aura agnipurANa tathA viSNupurANa meM bhI isa viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jisa bAta meM rasa ho-jo bAta sarasa ho use sabhI sunanA cAhate haiM na ki nIrasa ko| vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM kI bAteM nIrasa hotI haiM, jaba ki kAvya kI bAteM rasa se *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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99 ota-prota hotI haiN| sarasa vAkya kA hI nAma to kAvya hai| jaisA ki vizvanAtha kavirAja ne likhA hai- 'vAkya rasAtmaka kAvyam, sAhityadarpaNa 1 - 3 / sarasa hone ke kAraNa hI kAvya 'kAvyazAstra' kahe jAne lage aura inakA khUba hI pracAra huaa| paurANika kathAoM kA Azraya lekara khaNDakAvya, mahAkAvya, nATaka, campU, AkhyAna, AkhyAyikA aura gadya kAvyoM kI racanA kI gii| kucha vidvAnoM ne kalpita kathAoM ko AdhAra banAkara bhI kAvya race / phalataH cAroM ora yaha sunAI par3ane lagA ki 'kAvyazAstra vinodena kAlo gacchati dhImatAm' / alaGkArazAstra meM nau rasoM kI carcA AtI hai| una rasoM meM zRGgAra pradhAna mAnA jAtA hai-- 'zRGga prAdhAnyam Rcchati gacchatIti zRGgAraH / isI rasa kA puTa dekara kucha kaviyoM ne aise kAvyoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA, jinheM par3hakara mAnava kA mana vikRta hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / rAjA-mahArAjA bhI aise kAvyoM ko pasanda karane lge| phalataH kAvyoM se lAbha ke sthAna meM hAni hone lgii| yaha dekhakara kucha loga yaha spaSTa kahane lage ki 'zAstra kAvyane hanyate' aura kucha loga to yahAM taka kahane lage ki 'raNDa gItAni kAvyAni / aisI sthiti meM jaina vidvAnoM ne bahuta satarka hokara kAvya racanA kii| jaina kauvyoM ko dhyAna se par3hane para yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se samajha meM A jAtI hai| sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para jaina kAvya meM aneka vizeSatAeM jJAta ho jAtI haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne 'meghadUta' kI racanA kii| yaha khaNDakAvya unakI pratibhA kA adbhuta namUnA hai, isameM tanika bhI sandeha nhiiN| kisI mArga kA itanA sarasa varNana karanA kAlidAsa ke lie hI sambhava thA / kAlidAsa kI lekhana zailI pAThaka ke hRdaya ko barabasa AkRSTa kara letI hai| kintu kAlidAsa ne apanI racanA meM zRGgAra kI ati kara dii| isIlie inakA meghadUta jaba bhagavajjinasenAcArya ke sAmane pahuMcA to unhoMne zAnta rasa kA puTa dekara usakA kAyAkalpa hI kara DAlA use pArzvanAtha kA carita banA diyA / meghadUta ke jina padyoM se rAmaTeka se lekara kailAsa parvata taka kA mArga jJAta hotA hai, unhIM se jainoM ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana vRtta kA paricaya milanA eka asambhava sI bAta hai / kintu jinasena ne meghadUta kI samasyA pUrti kara ke ise sambhava banA diyaa| meghadUta meM vipralambha zRGgAra hai, jaba ki usakI samasyApUrti - pArzvAbhyudaya meM zAnta rasa / mahAkavi dhanaJjaya ne rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA kA AdhAra lekara 'rAghava pANDavIyam' mahAkAvya kI racanA kI / isa mahAkAvya meM zleSa kA camatkAra Arambha se anta taka hai / eka artha se rAma - kathA aura dUsare pANDava-kathA nikalatI hai / pratyeka zloka se do-do artha nikalate haiN| isIlie isa mahAkAvya kA dUsarA nAma dvisandhAnam hai, jo vidvatsaMsAra meM pracalita hai| isa mahAkAvya meM Adi se anta taka vedardI rIti

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100 kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai| bArahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya hemacandra ne 'kumArapAlacarita' kI, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'dvayAzrayakAvya' hai, racanA kii| isake prArambha ke bIsa sargoM meM saMskRta aura anta ke ATha sargoM meM prAkRta bhASA kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| hemacandra ne isase apane saMskRta aura prAkRta vyAkaraNoM ke udAharaNoM ko pradarzita kiyA hai| isI taraha ke aura bhI aneka jaina kAvya prakAzita ho cuke haiM jo apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa vidvatsaMsAra meM samAhita haiN| 'neminirvANam' unhIM mahAkAvyoM meM se eka hai| yaha mahAkAvya Upara likhe tIna kAvyoM kI zailI se vibhUSita nahIM hai, kintu isameM aneka vizeSatAeM haiM, jo anya kAvyoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI / lekhaka kA paricaya- neminirvANa ke kartA ne apane mahAkAvya ke anta meM apanA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ve ahicchatra ke nivAsI the| unakI jAti poravADa thii| unake pitA kA nAma chAhaDa aura unakA svayaM kA nAma vAgbhaTa thA ahicchatra purotpanna prAgvATa kulazAlinaH / drAhaDasya yutazcakre prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kaviH / / ___ (hastalikhita prati ke AdhAra se) inakA anumAnita samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai| nAma meM bhrama- vAgbhaTa ke nAma se aneka kavi hue haiM, jinake nAma ke bAre meM vidvAnoM ko bhrama ho jAtA hai| kintu pitA kA nAma jJAta hone se unake bAre meM utpanna bhrama dUra ho jAtA hai| prastuta kavi ke pitA kA nAma chAhaDa thA, jaisA ki Upara ke padya se spaSTa hai| kAvyAnuzAsanakAra ke pitA kA nAma nemikumAra, vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke kartA ke pitA kA nAma soma aura aSTAGgahRdaya ke racanAkAra ke pitA kA nAma siMhagupta thaa| vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie inake grantha aura zraddheya premIjI kA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa draSTavya hai| grantha kA viSaya- prastuta mahAkAvya ke pandraha sargoM meM jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA jIvana vRtta varNita hai| unake garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa ina pAMca kalyANakoM meM antima nirvANa mukhya hai, ata: isI ke AdhAra para prastuta mahAkAvya kA nAma 'neminirvANam' rakhA gayA hai| rasa, rIti aura guNa- prastuta mahAkAvya meM zAntarasa hai| yoM bIca-bIca meN| prasaGgavaza aura rasa bhI haiM, kintu ve saba aGka (gauNa) haiM zAnta rasa aGgI (pradhAna) hai| rIti vaidarthI hai| Arambha se anta taka prastuta grantha meM asamasta padoM kA prayoga kiyA

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101 gayA hai| kahIM samasta pada bhI haiM, kintu lambe-lambe samasta pada nahIM haiN| grantha meM Adi se anta taka prasAda aura mAdhurya ina do guNoM kA sammizraNa spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| alaGkArazAstra ke anusAra zAnta rasa ke sAtha inhIM do guNoM kA honA ucita hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kI vizeSatAeM (1) bhagavAn neminAtha ke cacere bhAI bhagavAn kRSNa the| kRSNa ke Upara brAhmaNa kaviyoM ne aneka grantha race haiM, jinameM kucha mahAkAvya bhI haiN| 'zizupAlavadha' ina meM se eka hai| isake racanAkAra mahAkavi mAgha the| inakA samaya lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI hai, kyoMki inake mahAkAvya ke 'ramyA iti prAptavatI: patAkAH' ityAdi padya navamI zatAbdI meM nirmita dhvanyAloka meM uddhata haiN| yaha kAvya bhAravi ke kAvya (kirAtArjunIyam) ke bAda kA hai, kintu usase acchA hai| mallinAtha ne isakA bahuta samaya taka adhyayana kiyA thA--'mAghe medhe gataM vdh:'| kAvya sabhI dRSTiyoM se acchA hai| kintu 'zizupAlavadha' isa nAma meM vadha ucita nahIM jAna par3atA hai| isIlie vidvatsaMsAra meM isa mahAkAvya kA 'mAgha' nAma pracalita ho gayA hai| vAGgabhaTa ne dekhA bhagavAn kRSNa ke bAre meM to mAghakavi mahAkAvya raca cuke haiM, kintu unake bar3e bhAI neminAtha ke bAre meM kisI ne kucha bhI nahIM racA, isI kamI ko pUrA karane ke lie unhoMne 'neminirvANam' mahAkAvya rcaa| 'vadha' amaGgala sUcaka hai, ata: vAgbhaTa ne apane mahAkAvya kA maGgala sUcaka 'neminirvANa' nAma rkhaa| yaha prastuta mahAkAvya kI pahalI vizeSatA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM prArambha ke caubIsa padyoM meM kramaza 24 tIrthaGkaroM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, jinake par3hane se una (tIrthaGkaroM) kA virAga honA vyakta hotA hai| jainetara kAvyoM ke prArambha meM aise bhI maGgala zloka haiM, jinase unake paramArAdhya devoM kI sarAgatA vyakta hotI hai| virAgatA hI mukti kI jananI hai aura sarAgatA saMsAra kI, isIlie jaina granthoM meM virAgatA yA vItarAgatA kI mahimA varNita hai| isakA puTa prastuta mahAkAvya meM maGgala padyoM meM bhI hai| yaha isakI dUsarI vizeSatA hai| (3) mahAkAvya ke varNanIya viSayoM meM alaGkAra zAstra ke anusAra rAjA aura rAnI kA varNana Avazyaka hai, jaisA ki alaGkAracintAmaNikAra ne AcArya jayasena 'bhUmukpatnI' ityAdi padya meM sUcita kiyA hai| rAnI kA varNana karate samaya usakA nakha-zikha zRMgAra byaure bAra likhA jAtA hai, yahAM taka ki kucha to yoni taka kA bhI varNana kara DAlate haiN| kintu prastuta mahAkAvya isakA apavAda hai| isameM nAyikA kA isa DhaMga se se varNana nahIM kiyA gyaa| yaha isakI tIsarI vizeSatA hai (2)

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102 (4) kAvyoM meM nAyaka kI aneka patniyoM kA varNana milatA hai, kintu isa kAvya meM vaha bhI nahIM hai| prastuta mahAkAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAn neminAtha haiN| unheM vyAha ke samaya hI vairAgya ho gayA thA, ataH ve bAla brahmacArI hI raha gye| unake virakta ho jAne se rAjula bhI virakta ho gaI / zAstrIya dRSTi se chaH phere taka kanyA vyavahAra hotA hai| rAjula ko to eka bhI pherA nahIM phirA thA, ataH usakA vivAha ho jAtA to bhI ucita thA, para usane vivAha nahIM kiyaa| isa ghaTanA kA par3hane vAloM ke Upara bahuta hI acchA prabhAva par3atA hai| Aja ke yuga meM loga rAga ke sAgara meM gote lagAte dRSTigocara ho rahe haiN| ata; aise kAvyoM kI AvazyakatA hai jo janatA ko rAgasAgara meM DUba marane se bacA sakeM / kavi prajApati ke samAna mAnA jAtA hai-- 'apAre kAvya saMsAre kavireva prajApatiH' / kavi janatA kI bhAvanA ko cAhe jaisA ubhAra sakatA hai| yadi vaha svayaM zRGgArI hai to janatA ko zRGgArI aura virAgI hai to janatA ko bhI virAgI banA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se Aja ke yuga meM neminirvANa mahAkAvya bahuta hI upayogI hai| yaha usakI cauthI vizeSatA hai| T (5) Aja loga dharmazAstra ko upekSA-dRSTi se dekhane lage haiN| dharmazAstra meM varNita zikSAeM yadi kAvya ke mAdhyama se ho jAyeM to pAThakoM ke Upara avazya hI prabhAva par3atA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM bIca-bIca meM sundara dhArmika zikSAeM dI haiM jo mAnava ko prabhAvita karane vAlI haiN| unameM ahiMsA kI zikSA mukhya hai- "jo apane zarIra ko puSTa karane ke lie prANiyoM kA vadha karatA hai, vaha duSTa jAr3e se bacane ke lie nizcaya hI dhadhakatI huI Aga meM praveza karatA hai / jaise agni meM praveza karane se duHkha hotA hai isI taraha hiMsA karane se bhI dukha hotA hai, kyoMki hiMsA sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM kA udaya karAne ke lie mUla mantra hai"niHzeSa duHkhodaya mUlamantra, yau deha puSTayai vadyamAdadhAti / nUnaM sa zItArtibhide durAtmA, pravezamagno jvalite karoti / / neminirvANa 13-15 "yadi koI hiMsA karatA hai to usake tapa aura dAna karane ke prayatna vyartha haiM aura yadi vaha kabhI bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA tathA na hI use Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai to use tapa aura dAna ke lie prayatna karane kI kyA AvazyakatA ?" vadhaM vidhatte yadi jAtu janturalaM, tapodAna vidhAma yatnaiH / tameva cennAdriyate kadAcidalaM, tapo dAna vidhAna yatnai / / . vahI 13-18 -

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103 "yadi koI vyakti saikar3oM tapa kara le aura nirantara dAna bhI detA rahe kintu yadi usake mana meM bhI kabhI hiMsA kA bhAva utpanna ho jAya to usakI saba tapasyAoM aura dAna para pAnI phira jAtA hai|" tanot jantuH zatarAstapAMsi datAtu dAnAni niranta karoti cetprANivadhe ' bhilASaM, karthAni sarvANyapi tAni dayA amRta ke samAna hai aura hiMsA madya ke / yadyapi ye donoM hI AtmArUpI mahA samudra meM utpanna hotI haiM, kintu ina donoM meM se eka (kRpA) mAnava ko amara banAne meM kAraNa aura dUsarI (surA) use kugatiyoM meM girAne vAlI mUrcchA pradAna karatI haikRpA sudhevAtma sudhAmburAzau hiMsA sureva dvayamamyu deti / ekA nArANa mamaratva hetu ranyAtu, mUrcchA patanAya datte / / vahI 13-21 prastuta ahiMsA ke vicAra bhagavAn neminAtha ke haiM, jo unake mana meM jUnAgar3ha ke bAr3e meM ghire hue pazuoM ke karuNa krandana ko sunane se utpanna hue the| inake choTe bhAI bhagavAn kRSNa go rakSA kA samarthana karate kintu bhagavAn neminAtha kI dRSTi meM sabhI prANI rakSaNIya the| yaha bAta prastuta prakaraNa ko par3hane se bilkula spaSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha isakI pAMcavI vizeSatA hai| rANi / tasya / / vahI 13-18 (6) chandoM kA prayoga -- prastuta mahAkAvya ke sAtaveM sarga meM AryA Adi aneka chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 40 se bhI Upara hai| zlokoM meM chandoM ke nAma bhI kavi ne bar3I kuzalatA se de diye haiM, jinakA artha prastuta kathA ke sAtha lagatA calA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM to chandoM kI vizeSa bAteM aura paribhASAeM bhI A gaI haiN| jaise-- vRttaM vrajati na bhaGga yadIyata tvaika cetasAM viduSAm / janma mayAstara sAste bhAntyetasmin gaNAH khyAtAH / / 7-1 pahalA artha - isa raivataka (giranAra) parvata para prasiddha sAdhuoM ke saGga virAjamAna haiN| unakI AtmA janma Adi ke bhaya se mukta hai| jo vidvAn hRdaya se unake svarUpa kA cintana karate haiM, caritra unakA nirmala ho jAtA hai| dUsarA artha - chandazAstra meM jagaNa, nagaNa, magaNa, bhagaNa, yagaNa, sagaNa, tagaNa " aura ragaNa ye ATha gaNa prasiddha haiN| jo vidvAn ina ATha gaNoM ke svarUpa ko hRdaya se samajha lete haiM, unakA chanda, bhaGga (chando bhaGga) nahIM hotA /

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104 munigaNa se vyA guruNa yuktAryA jayati sAmunna / caraNa gatama khilameva sphurati tarAM lakSaNaM yasyAH / / 7-2 pahalA artha- isa parvata para AryikA jI virAjamAna haiN| unakI mAnyatA muniyoM ke samAna hai| unake sAtha unakI guru-pradhAna AryikA bhI haiN| unake cihna caraNAyoga ke anukUla haiN| AryikAoM meM ve sarvotkRSTa haiN| unheM hamArA namaskAra ho| dUsarA artha- Aryachanda, sabhI chandoM meM utkRSTa hai- (AryA tathaiva bhaaryaa.......)| usake pUvArddha meM sAta gaNa (munigaNa) aura eka guru hotA hai| usake pratyeka caraNa kA pUrA kA pUrA lakSaNa kavi ko anya chandoM kI apekSA zIghra hI sphurita ho jAtA hai| raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, kirAta, zizupAlavadha, naiSadha, dharmazarmAbhyudaya, dvisandhAna aura candraprabha Adi pracalita mahAkAvyoM meM 'caNDavRSTi' chanda kA prayoga dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| prastuta mahAkAvya ke saptama sarga ke 46 veM pada meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha isakI chaThI vizeSatA hai| (7) alaGkAroM kA camatkAra prastuta mahAkAvya ke praNetA ko alaGkAroM kA pUrNa jJAna thaa| ve unake prayoga meM atyanta kuzala haiN| unhoMne alaGkAra kI paribhASA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kAvya nahIM banAyA, kintu unake kAvya meM ve svayaM Ate gye| unakI yojanA ke lie kavi ko svatantra prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'aa| yahI kAraNa hai jo vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke praNetA ne prastuta mahAkAvya ke padyoM ko apanI kRti meM udAharaNa rUpa diyA hai| abhI taka upalabdha alaGkAra granthoM meM aisA eka bhI nahIM, jisameM kisI eka hI grantha se udAharaNa lie gae hoN| yaha saubhAgya kevala neminirvANa ke praNetA ko hI prApta hai| vAgbhaTAlaGkAra meM doSoM kA prakaraNa bhI hai, para usameM prastuta mahAkAvya kA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM, kevala alaGkAra-prakaraNa meM, vizeSata: yamaka ke prakaraNa meM isake pacIsoM padya uddhRta haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke praNetA kI dRSTi meM prastuta mahAkAvya sarvathA nirdoSa thaa| yaha isakI sAtavIM vizeSatA hai| (8) utprekSAoM kI vicchiti| anya alaGkAroM kI apekSA utpekSA ko viziSTa mahatva diyA jAtA hai| upamA kA prayoga AsAnI se ho jAtA hai, para utprekSA ke prayoga meM bar3I kaThinAI par3atI hai| isa bAta ko ve hI samajha sakate haiM jo svayaM satkavi haiN| prastuta mahAkAvya meM jo utprekssaayeN| kI gaI haiM, unameM camatkAra hai| jaise

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evaM vidhAM tAM nijarAjadhAnI nirmApayAmIti kuthlem| chAyA chalAdacchajale payaudhau pracetasA yA likhiteva bhaati|| 1-38 dvArakA purI samudra ke bIca meM hai| samudra ke svaccha jala meM usakI chAyA par3a rahI hai| isake Upara kavi kI utprekSA (kalpanA) hai ki varuNa ne usakA nakzA khIMca liyA hai, yaha socakara ki maiM (varuNa) bhI apane lie isI taraha kI rAjadhAnI bnvaauuNgaa| varuNa pazcima dizA kA svAmI hai| vaha samudra meM nivAsa karatA hai| yaha kavi saMsAra meM prasiddha hai| isI AdhAra se kavi ne ukta utprekSA kI hai| yaha isakI AThavIM vizeSatA hai| (9) prastuta mahAkAvya ke anta meM bhagavAn neminAtha kI divyadezanA kA saMkSepa meM varNana hai| alaGkAra zAstra ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kAvya dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kI zikSA dete haiN| mokSa puruSArtha kA sahAyaka dharma puruSArtha hai| ata: kAvyoM meM isakA upadeza honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| prastuta mahAkAvya ke antima sarga meM isakA upadeza hai| merA anumAna hai ki jaina kAvyoM meM sabase pahale vAgbhaTa se hI ise prArambha kiyaa| dvisaMdhAnamahAkAvya prastuta mahAkAvya se pahale bana cukA thA, para usameM yaha bAta-antima sarga karmopadeza nahIM hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM hai| bAda meM candraprabhacaritra aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya Adi kAvyoM ke antima sargoM meM dharmopadeza kA varNana hai| jainetara kAvyoM meM yaha bAta dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| prastuta mahAkAvya kI yaha navIM vizeSatA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM bhagavAn neminAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana hai| pUrva bhavoM ke par3hane se pAThaka ko yaha spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki acche karmoM kA acchA aura bure karmoM kA burA phala hotA hai| isase pAThaka kA AtmA se astitvavAda ke Upara bhI dRr3havizvAsa ho jAtA hai| nAyaka kI bhavAvalI kA varNana jainetara kAvyoM meM nahIM ke barAbara milatA hai| mahApurANa Adi jaina purANoM meM bhavAntaroM kA varNana milatA hai| merA khyAla hai ki bhavAntaroM kA varNana mahAkAvya meM vAgbhaTa ne pahale kiyaa| inake bAda isa zailI ko vIranandI aura haricandra Adi ne bhI apane mahAkAvyoM meM apnaayaa| isa viSaya meM abhI chAna-bIna kI apekSA hai| yadi merA khyAla ThIka hai to yaha prastuta mahAkAvya kI dasavIM vizeSatA hai| isI taraha sUkSma adhyayana kiyA jAya to aura bhI aneka vizeSatAeM jJAta ho sakatI haiN| jJAta vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki neminirvANamahAkAvya uccakoTi ke mahAkAvyoM meM se eka hai|

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apratihata zakti bhagavAn mahAvIra* isa yuga ke prArambha meM prathama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane janma se ayodhyApurI ko pavitra kiyA thaa| inakA vistRta varNana zrImadbhAgavata (ska05, a0 2-6) meM bhI samupalabdha hai| inhIM ke pautra marIci, jo dharmaprANa bhAratavarSa ke prathama samrATa bharata ke jyeSTha putra rahe, aneka janma lene ke uparAnta caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra hue| jaina vAGmaya meM inake cAra anya nAma bhI vyavahata haiM-vardhamAna, sanmati, vIra aura ativIra, para itihAsa lekhakoM ne apane granthoM meM prAya: mahAvIra nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo samprati sarvatra pracalita hai| garbhAvasthA se jIvana ke anta taka dehadhAriyoM ke sAmane na jAne kitanI bhISaNa bAdhAeM AyA karatI haiM, jo unakI zakti ko pratihata karake unheM sanmArga se vicalita hone ko bAdhya kara detI haiM, para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bahattara varSa ke jIvana kAla meM di se anta taka aisI eka bhI bAdhA unake sAmane nahIM AyI, jo unakI zakti ko kuNThita karake unake dRr3ha nizcaya para tanika bhI prabhAva DAla sakI ho| - bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaMbuddha the| unake viziSTa jJAna ko dekhakara usa samaya ke viziSTa vidvAn bhI Azcarya kI anubhUti karate rhe| vijaya aura saMyaja nAma ke do cAra RddhidhArI muniyoM ke mana meM eka zAstrIya zaGkA thii| usakA saTIka samAdhAna unheM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke avalokana mAtra se prApta huA thA, phalata: unhoMne inakA sanmati nAma rakha diyaa| viSadhara sarpa se bhI bhayabhIta na hone ke kAraNa loga unheM vIra kahane lge| bhagavAn mahAvIra janma se hI anupama sundara the| yauvana ke Ate hI usameM aura bhI nikhAra A gyaa| unake divyadeha kI UMcAI sAta hAtha thii| unakA vyaktitva atyanta AkarSaka evaM prabhAvazAlI thaa| unake mAtA-pitA unake vivAha hetu kanyA kI talAza karane lge| aneka rAjemahArAje usI viSaya ko lekara rAjA siddhArtha ke pAsa aaye| mAtA-pitA pariNayana ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ko rAjya sauMpanA cAhate the, para ve ina donoM kAryoM ke lie taiyAra nahIM hue| mAM ke atyadhika Agraha ko bhI unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ata: vivAha kA bandhana unheM bAMdha na skaa| yauvana meM kAma para vijaya pAnA Ter3hI khIra hai| yuvaka / *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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107 anya pratidvandiyoM ko jIta sakatA hai para vaha svayaM kAma ke dvArA jIta liyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra isake apavAda rahe ataH prajAjana inheM ativIra kahane lge| tIsa varSa kI bharI javAnI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ghara chor3a diyA aura nirjana vana meM jAkara IsA se 569 varSa pUrva mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamI ke dina dIkSA le lii| dIkSA ke uparAnta lagAtAra bAraha varSoM taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ghora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| kar3Ake kI sardI, garmI aura barasAta meM bhI ve tapazcaraNa ke mArga se vicalita nahIM hue / jaba zItalahara kI mAtrA prabala ho jAtI hai taba rAta bhara ke bichur3e cakavA - cakavI zarIra ke akar3a jAne se prabhAta kI milana belA meM icchA rahate hue bhI apane - apane sneha ko vyakta nahIM kara paate| bhUkhe haMsa zaivAla ko coMcoM meM dabAte hI chor3a dete haiN| barpha jaisI zItalatA ke kAraNa vaha unake gale ke andara nahIM pahu~ca paatii| hAthI dhUli ko uThAkara bhI apane zarIra para nahIM DAla paate| siMha paMjoM kI akar3ana ke kAraNa sAmane Aye hue hAthI para AkramaNa nahIM kara pAtA / hirana bhUkha se vyAkula hokara bhI harI ghAsa khAne meM asamartha ho jAte haiM / * bhISma grISma ke samaya pracaNDa mArtaNDa apanI prakhara kiraNoM se sArI pRthvI ko cUlhe para car3he hue tavA kI bhA~ti garama kara detA hai| AkAza se Aga barasane lagatI hai| agni aura anala eka jaise pratIta hone lagate haiN| jalAzayoM kA jala kAr3he kI taraha khaulane lagatA hai| pAvasa ke mausama meM meSa apanI icchAnusAra kabhI phUla barasAte haiM to kabhI patthara aura agni bhii| upala vRSTi kabhI itanI jora kI hotI hai ki bhImakAya hAthiyoM kI bhI haDDiyA~ caTaka jAtI haiN| nadiyoM meM itanI bAr3ha A jAtI hai ki machaliyA~ bhI unnata vRkSoM kI zAkhAoM taka pahu~ca jAtI haiN| jhaMjhAvata bar3e-bar3e pahAr3oM ke zikharoM ko bhI hilA detA hai aura vRkSoM ko apane sAtha ur3A le jAtA hai| rAtri ke samaya andhakAra itanA gAr3ha ho jAtA hai ki usameM sUI kI noMka bhI nahIM koMcI jA sktii| mUsalAdhAra varSA sArI pRthvI ko jalamayI banA DAlatI hai| isa taraha ke tInoM mausama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tapazcaraNakAla meM 12 bAra Aye para unake Upara tanika bhI viparIta prabhAva nahIM DAla ske| ve aise mausamoM meM bhI apratihata zakti bane rhe| * isa taraha ke ghora tapazcaraNa kI agni meM par3akara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AtmA kaMcana kI bhA~ti nirmala evaM pavitra ho gyii| phalataH I0 se 557 varSa pUrva vaizAkha zukla dazamI ke dina bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevala jJAna (pUrNa jJAna) kI prApti huii| AbhyAntara zatru- cAra ghAtiyA karmoM para vijaya prApta karane para unheM yaha saphalatA milI, ataH aba

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108 unakA mahAvIra nAma par3a gyaa| pUrNajJAna kI prApti hone para tIrthaGkaroM kI dezanA prArambha ho jAtI hai, para yogya ziSya ke abhAva meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA prArambha nahIM huI aura 66 dinoM taka ve mauna pUrvaka vihAra karate rahe / vihAra karate-karate ve magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha meM pahu~ce aura vahAM unhoMne vipulAcala ko alaGkRta kiyaa| isa zubha samAcAra ko sunate hI rAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) aura unake prajAjanoM ne unake darzanoM lie apane-apane sthAna se prasthAna kara diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA kI bAta ko sunakara vahAM ke pratibhAzAlI mahAn indrabhUti gautama ko, jo brAhmaNa the, vizvAsa nahIM huA, phalataH ve bhI unakI sarvajJatA ko parakhane ke lie jIvatatvaviSayaka jaTila zaGkAoM ko lekara apane pAMca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha vipulAcala para gye| unheM Ate dekha kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dUra se hI kahA- Ao gautama, Ao ! gautama socane lage ki Asa-pAsa meM baiThe hue kisI sthAnIya vyakti se unheM merA sagotra nAma jJAta huA hogaa| pAsa meM jAkara jyoM hI ve baiThe tyoM hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne binA pUche hI unakI zaGkAoM ko batalAkara unakA vistRta saTIka samAdhAna de diyaa| isase gautama itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki tatkAla unake ziSya bana kara dIkSita ho gye| inake pazcAt vAyubhUti, agnibhUti, sudharmA, maurya, maundraya, putra, maitreya, akampana, andhavelA aura prabhAsa bhI ziSya bana gaye aura dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| ina gyAraha ziSyoM - gaNadharoM meM prAdhAnya gautama ko prApta huA / isIlie pravacana ke prArambha meM maGgalAcaraNa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda unhIM ko maGgala rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki nimnAGkita zloka se spaSTa hai maGgalaM bhagavAn vIro maGgalaM gautamo gaNI / maGgalaM kundakundAryo jainadharmo'stu maGgalam / / isake uparAnta zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke pUrvAhna kI maGgalabelA meM abhijita nakSatra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prathama dezanA vahIM para huI / lokahitAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha dezanA unakI bayAlIsa varSa kI Ayu se bahattara varSa kI Ayu paryanta yatra-tatra lagAtAra tIsa varSoM taka cAlU rhii| isa dezanA kA saMkalana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara gautama ne kiyA, jo Aja dvAdazAGgavANI yA vipula jaina vAGmaya ke rUpa meM samupalabdha hai| 7 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI dezanA meM batalAyA ki sabhI prANI sukha ke abhilASI hote haiM aura usI ke lie ve satat prayatnazIla bhI rahate haiM / duHkha kisI ko bhI i nahIM hotA / ataH mAnava ko aisA koI kAma nahIM karanA cAhie jisase kisI ko duHkha

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109 ho / duHkha kA kAraNa hiMsA hai, ata: hiMsA sabhI pApoM se bar3hakara hai| jo Aja dUsare prANI kI hatyA karatA hai, vahI Age jAkara usake dvArA mArA jAtA hai| pApa kA phala isa janma ke sAtha agale janmoM meM bhI bhoganA par3atA hai| ataH hiMsya ke sAtha hiMsaka bhI duHkha kA pAtra banatA hai / kevala hiMsA kA parityAga karane se jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra evaM atisaMcaya jaise pApoM se bhI chuTakArA mila jAtA hai; kyoMki jisake bAre meM asatya bAta kahI jAegI, jisakA dhanabAhyaprANa curAyA jAyagA aura jisakI bahU-beTI ke sAtha vyabhicAra kiyA jAyagA, use ghora kaSTa hogA, jo hiMsA hI to hai| pUrva saMcaya ke bAvajUda jo bhI dhanika lobhavaza, bAjAra meM Aye hue mAla ko atyadhika mAtrA meM kharIda kara rakha legA vaha avazya hI usa kAla kI maMhagAI kA kAraNa banegA, isase nirdhana vyaktiyoM ko kaSTa hue binA nahIM rhegaa| ataH mAnava jAti ko sukhI banAne ke lie hiMsA kA manasA vAcA karmaNA parityAga kiyA jAnA caahie| jina vastuoM ke khAna-pAna se hiMsA ho ve bhI sarvathA tyAjya haiN| mAMsa binA hatyA kiye prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mAMsa kaccA ho yA agni para pakAyA gayA ho, para usameM pratipala asaMkhya sUkSma jIva utpanna huA karate haiM, ataH mAMsa kI jarA sI DalI ke bhUSaNa karane se eka hI sAtha agaNita prANiyoM kA ghAta ho jAtA hai| madya kA nirmANa aneka mAdaka vastuoM ko sar3A kara kiyA jAtA hai, ataH isameM agaNita jIvoM kI rAziyAM utpanna ho jAtI haiM, phalataH eka bindu madya ke pAna karane se bhI asIma jIvoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| hiMsA ke atirikta bhI madya-mAMsa ke sevana se doSa hote haiM, jo zarAbiyoM aura kabAbiyoM ko patana ke garta meM girA dete haiN| zahada madhumakSikAoM kA vamana hai| yaha jisa chAte ko nicor3akara nikAlI jAtI hai, usameM madhumakkhiyoM ke karor3oM aNDe bhI hote haiM, nicor3ane se una saba kA saMhAra ho jAtA hai| bar3a, pIpala, pAkara, kaThUmada aura aMjIra Adi kSIravRkSoM ke phaloM meM asaMkhya jIva rahate haiM, jo pratyakSagocara hote haiM, ataH inake sevana karane vAle hiMsA se lipta ho jAte haiN| anagAlita jala ke pIne se usameM rahane vAle jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai| rAtri meM sAvadhAnI baratane para bhI na jAne kitane jIva bhojana ke sAtha peTa meM cale jAte haiN| isase unakI hiMsA ho jAtI hai aura bhojana karane vAle aneka rogoM ke zikAra bhI bana jAte haiN| mAMsa Adi ukta vastuoM ke parityAga ko mUla guNa kahate haiM / jaise jar3a ke binA vRkSa nahIM hotA usI prakAra ina mUla guNoM ke binA mAnava bhI saccA mAnava nahIM ho pAtA / hiMsAtmaka dhArmika anuSThAna apanI pavitratA se vaJcita ho jAte haiM aura unakA phala bhI jaisA socA jAtA hai usase sarvathA viparIta hI hotA hai / 'jJAna ke bAMdha se ghire hue, brahmacarya aura dayA ke jala se bhare hue, pApa ke maila ko haTAne vAle atyanta nirmala Atma-tIrtha meM snAna karake indriya-damana kI vAyu se prajvalita jIvakuNDastha dhyAnAgni meM asatkarmoM kI Ahuti dekara uttama koTi kA agni

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110 hotra kiyA jAnA caahie| dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM ko naSTa karane vAle duSTa kaSAyarUpI pazuoM se zama- mantroM ke uccAraNa ke sAtha yajJa honA cAhie, jo ki vidvAnoM dvArA vihita hai / ' yaha ucita hai; kyoMki jo dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM hiMsA se dharma kI kAmanA kiyA karate haiM ve jaharIle kAle nAga ke mukha ke UparI bhAga meM sthita viSa kI poTalI se sudhAvRSTi kI icchA karate haiN| dharma use kahanA cAhie, jisameM adharma kA tanika bhI saMsarga na ho, sukha use samajhanA cAhie, jisameM duHkha kI saMbhAvanA taka na ho; jJAna use jAnanA cAhie, jo ajJAna se saMyukta na ho aura gati vaha hai jahA~ phira Ane kA cakkara na ho / yoM sAre AkAza meM jIva rAzi vyApta haiM, isalie uThate-baiThate, calate-phirate hiMsA ho jAyA karatI hai phira bhI yatnapUrvaka aise DhaMga se cale-phire, uThe-baiThe jisase hiMsA se bacAva ho ske| hiMsA kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI, ataH vaha hiMsA ke doSa se baca jAtA hai| vaicArika hiMsA bhI hiMsA hai| usase bacane kA upAya syAdvAda hai / jagat kI choTI yA bar3I cetana yA acetana sabhI vastueM nAnAdharmAtmaka haiM, isIlie unakI sArthaka saMjJA anekAnta hai| anta zabda kA artha dharma bhI hotA hai| kisI eka dharma kI vivakSA se usakA kathana karanA evaM anya dharmoM kA niSedha na karanA syAdvAda hai / syAt zabda kA artha 'zAyada' nahIM hai| eka vyakti apane pitA kA putra hai, para apane putra kA pitA bhI to hai| pitA ke sAmane vaha putra hI hai aura putra ke sAmane pitA hI / ataeva use zAyada pitA hai yA zAyada putra hai- yaha kahanA sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha apane pitA kA putra aura putra kA pitA hI hai / yaha pitA hI hai, putra nahIM kisI bhI dRSTi se aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA anyathA loka vyavahAra bhI nahIM cala sakegA jaisA ki siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai| bhArata varSa meM zAstrArtha kA bar3A pracAra rahA hai| isameM hiMsA bhI khUba huA karatI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zAstrArthiyoM ko samanvaya kI nayI dRSTi pradAna kii| sAMkhyadarzana vastu ko sarvathA nitya mAnatA hai aura bauddha darzana sarvathA anitya / para jaina darzana kI dRSTi se vastu dravya kI dRSTi se nitya bhI hai aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya bhI / pratyeka vastu pariNamanazIla hai, ata: usakI avasthAeM badalatI rahatI haiM, usakA samUla nAza kabhI nahIM hotaa| gehU~ indriya grAhya hai yA yoM kahiye unameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ye cAroM guNa vidyamAna haiM, ata: ve pudgala haiN| gehUM pisa kara ATA bana jAtA hai, ataH usakI avasthA, jisakA dUsarA nAma paryAya hai, badala jAtI hai para pudgalatva to banA hI rahatA hai| usa dRSTi se gehUM nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI / isI dRSTi se pratyeka ke viSaya meM zAstrIya vicAra kareM aura 'hI' ke sthAna meM 'bhI' kA prayoga karate caleM to 'vastu

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vastu kI sahI jAnakArI prApta hogI aura kalaha kA virAma bhii| prayatna karane para bhI jaba iSTa phala kI prApti nahIM hotI to asaphala vyakti dUsare ke matthe doSa mar3ha kara usase jhagar3ane lagatA hai aura isameM hiMsA taka kI naubata A jAtI hai| para asaphala vyakti yadi yaha soca le ki jaisA rahA vaisA hI phala milA to jhagar3e kI naubata nahIM A sakatI aura na hiMsA hI ho sakatI hai| nIMva khodane vAlA nIce kI ora hI bar3hatA jAyagA aura dIvAra banAne vAlA Upara kI ora hii| isI taraha jisakA jaisA karma hotA hai vaisA hI use phala milatA hai / sabhI prANiyoM ke vyaktitva ko apane hI samAna mahatva diyA jAnA cAhie yahI vAstavika sAmyavAda hai| jagat ke sabhI prANI eka dUsare kA upakAra karate haiM, ata: apane-apane sthAna meM sabhI kA mahatva hai| mAnava samAja kA jIvana pazusamAja para aura pazusamAja kA jIvana mAnava samAja para Azrita hai| janmajAta zizu ko pahale gAya kA dUdha diyA jAtA hai, mAM kA dUdha to use cAra-pAMca dinoM ke bAda mila pAtA hai| bailoM se khetI meM madada milatI hai| ghor3e Adi mAnava kI yAtrA meM sahAyaka hote haiN| ata: mAnava samAja kA jIvana pazu samAja para Azrita hai| mAnava bhI unheM khilA-pilA kara jalAtA hai, ata: unakA jIvana mAnava samAja para Azrita hai| mAnava kA jIvana garbhAvasthA se lekara zmazAna paha~cane taka parAzrita hI rahatA hai| jinakA Azraya lenA par3atA hai unameM sabhI varga ke loga zAmila haiN| ekendriya jIvoM ko choTA samajhA jAtA hai, para ve to paJcendriya jIvoM se bhI adhika upakAra karate haiN| vanaspati na ho to dAla, cAvala, gehU~, lakar3I aura Idhana Adi kahAM se prApta hoMge? jala aura vAyu na ho to jIvadhArI kaise jIvita raheMgeM? pRthvI na ho to rahane ke lie AdhAra kise banAyA jAyagA? isa dRSTi se sabhI prANiyoM ke vyaktitva kA samAdara honA caahie| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa upadeza meM sabhI kA hita nihita hai| isake paripAlana se sabhI abhyudaya prApta kara sakate haiN| "muNDe muNDe matirbhinnA'-- isa ukti ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM katipaya aise bhI vyakti rahe jo apane ko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI evaM tIrtha pravartaka mAnate the, yadyapi unameM ve vizeSatAeM nahIM rahIM jo bhagavAn mahAvIra meM vidyamAna thiiN| aise vyaktiyoM meM pUraNa Adi the jinakA nAmollekha AcArya vidyAnanda ne AptamImAMsA kI dUsarI kArikA kI vyAkhyA karate hue aSTasahasrI (pR0 4) meM kiyA hai| pUraNa ke Age Adi pada jur3A huA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya vidyAnanda ko makkhali gozAla, ajita kezakambala, pakudha kAtyAyana, saMjayavelaThThiputra aura * gautama buddha ye pAMca aura vivakSita haiN| inakI mAnyatAeM na kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra se, balki Apasa meM bhI eka dUsare se bhinna thiiN| pUraNa yA pUrNa kAzyapa akriyavAda ke,

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112 makkhali gozAla niyatavAda ke, ajita kezakambala ucchedavAda ke, pakudhakAtyAyana anyonyavAda ke, saMjayavelaTThiputra vikSepavAda ke aura gautama buddha kSaNabhaGgavAda ke samarthaka the| uvAsagadasAo (upAsakadazAGgasUtra) ke prathama aura dvitIya adhyayana ke par3hane se yaha spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki makkhali gozAla bhagavAn mahAvIra kA adhika virodha karatA thA- yatra-tatra jA jA kara unake virodha meM unake bhaktoM ko bhar3akAyA karatA thaa| para ina sabhI kI mAnyatAeM inhIM ke sAtha samApta ho gyiiN| gautama buddha ko chor3a kara inameM se kisI kA bhI koI sAhitya Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| ina sabake rahate hue bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prabhAvazakti tanika bhI pratihata nahIM huii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapasyA aura dezanA pUrNataH saphala rhii| inakI ahiMsA Adi ke kucha siddhAnta bhagavAn buddha ko bhI mAnya rahe, para bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM ne ahiMsA ke jisa rUpa ko apanAyA use bhagavAn buddha yA unake anuyAyI nahIM apanA ske| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ne mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| isI ahiMsA ko zastra banA kara isa deza ko dAsatA kI zRGkhalAoM se chur3avAne meM unheM pUrNa saphalatA prApta huii| kucha logoM kA khyAla hai ki jainoM kI ahiMsA deza kI paratantratA kA kAraNa huI thii| kintu yaha avarNavAda mAtra hai| deza kI paratantratA kA kAraNa zAsakoM kI vilAsitA tathA unakA ApasI virodha rahA hai| deza para AkramaNa karane vAloM ke sAtha yuddha karane para yadi AkramaNakAriyoM kI hiMsA ho jAye to vaha pApa nahIM hai| kyoMki hiMsA bhAvanA para Azrita hotI hai| aise avasaroM para deza rakSA kI bhAvanA rahatI hai, na ki akAraNa dUsaroM ko mArane kii| gRhastha ke lie cAra prakAra kI hiMsAoM meM kevala saMkalpI hiMsA hI tyAjya hotI hai| lagAtAra tIsa varSoM taka dharmAmRta kI varSA karane ke uparAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra bihAra prAnta kI pAvA nagarI meM pahu~ce aura vahIM se ve bahattara varSa kI Ayu meM IsA se 527 varSa pUrva kArtika kI amAvasyA kI aruNodaya belA meM mokSa gaye /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena caitra mAsa kA apanA svatantra mahattva hai| RturAja vasanta kA prAdurbhAva isI mAsa meM hotA hai| nUtana varSa kA prArambha isI mAsa se mAnA jAtA hai| maryAdA puruSottama bhagavAn rAma kA janma isI mAsa meM huA aura isI mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI trayodazI ko dayAmUrti bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane janma se pavitra kiyaa| Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pahale vaizAlI (bihAra) meM rAjA siddhArtha ke yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| unake janma lete hI siddhArtha kI zrI sahasA bar3hane lagI, ata: unhoMne apane putra kA nAma vardhamAna rkhaa| bAlyakAla meM hI viziSTa pratibhA ko dekha kara unakA nAma sanmati par3a gayA thA aura bAda meM rAga Adi viSayoM para vijaya pAne ke kAraNa ve mahAvIra nAma se prasiddha hue| unakA yahI nAma Aja pracalita hai| - bhagavAn mahAvIra atyanta dayAlu the| ve kisI bhI prANI ke duHkha ko nahIM dekha sakate the| unake samaya meM bhAratavarSa meM yajJa-yAga kA bahuta pracAra thA aura usameM hiMsA bhI khUba hotI thii| ve bacapana se hI yaha cAhate the ki yajJa Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM tathA sAmAjika kAryoM Adi meM kahIM bhI hiMsA na ho| sabhI loga ahiMsA kA pAlana kreN| jagat meM jitane jIva haiM ve saba eka dUsare ke upakArI haiN| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ye pAMcoM kahane ko ekendriya jIva haiM, kintu ye jitanA upakAra karate haiM, utanA paJcendriya jIva bhI nahIM kara skte| yadi pRthvI na ho, yA hote hue bhI vaha kucha kSaNoM ko hilane Dulane lage to sArA saMsAra hAya-hAya karane laga jaaygaa| peya vastue~ bahuta sI haiM, kintu jala ke binA pyAsa nahIM bujhAI jA sakatI aura na usake binA saMsAra jIvita hI raha sakatA hai| agni se kitane kAma nikalate haiM, yaha sabhI jAnate haiN| vAyu ke binA to koI bhI jIva jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| vanaspati to sAkSAt kalpa vRkSa haiN| khAne, pIne, or3hane, pahanane aura rahane ke sAdhanoM kI pUrti vanaspati se hI hotI hai| pRthvI Adi pAMcoM prakAra ke ukta sthAvara jIva sRSTi ke prArambha se hI ni:svArtha bhAva se lokopakAra meM lage hue haiN| ___ gAya Adi pazu mAnava jAti ko apanA dUdha pilAte haiM aura anna Adi kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hote haiN| hAthI, ghor3e aura U~Ta Adi pazu bojhA Dhokara mAnava jAti kI *. zramaNa, varSa 11; aMka 6, apraila 1960 se sAbhAra.

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114 sevA karate haiN| siMha Adi pazu bhI khetoM kI rakhavAlI meM sahAyaka hote haiN| isa taraha sabhI pazu mAnava jAti ke upakAra meM pravRtta haiN| ___mAnava samAja ko pazu samAja kA kRtajJa honA cAhie aura usakI sevA sneha pUrvaka karanI caahie| jisa pazu samAja ke binA mAnava samAja jIvita nahIM raha sakatA, use vaha duHkha de, yaha ucita nhiiN| yajJoM meM pazuoM kA havana hotA hai, yaha banda honA caahie| Atma kalyANa ke lie loga yajJa karanA cAhate haiM, to kareM, kintu hiMsA na kreN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Atma yajJa kA tarIkA btlaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM ghara bAra chor3a diyaa| ve jaMgala meM cale gae, sAdhu ho gae aura ghora tapazcaraNa karane lge| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka sammAnita rAjA ke putra the, ata: unakI virakti se hajAroM manuSya virakta ho gaye aura unhoMne bhI nirmoha hokara dIkSA le lii| phalata: bhArata ke kone-kone meM isa bAta kI carcA cala par3I ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bharI javAnI meM rAja pATa chor3a diyA aura ve nirjana vana meM nirjala aura nirAhAra raha kara ghora tapazcaraNa kara rahe haiM aura unheM dekha kara dUsare loga bhI unhIM ke mArga kA anusaraNa kara rahe haiN| bhagavatU mahAvIra ne sAdhanA ke samaya bar3e-bar3e kaSTa sahe aura ve tapa se tanika bhI na ddige| yoM bAraha varSa kA lambA samaya nikala gyaa| bAraha varSa bItane para Atma zuddhi hote hI unheM kevala jJAna ho gyaa| kevala jJAna-pUrNa jJAna ke hone para unhoMne lagAtAra tIsa varSa taka jagat ko ahiMsA dharma kA upadeza diyaa| jinakA vicAra hai ki jagat kI racanA Izvara ne kI hai| ve nAnA prakAra ke pApa karake bhI Izvara ko khuza karane ke lie mUka pazuoM kI bali dete haiN| ve socate haiM ki usake prasanna hone se isa loka meM abhyudaya kI prApti hogI, svarga milegA aura narakAdi gatiyoM se chuttkaaraa| isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki Izvara na jagat kA niyantA hai aura na krtaa| AtmA jaba taka saMsAra meM rahatI hai, taba taka azuddha rahatI hai aura jaba vahI AtmA zuddha ho jAtI hai to paramAtmA kahalAne lagatI hai| anya loga usI ko Izvara kaha sakate haiM, kintu ve use Izvara na mAna kara eka svatantra Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiN| aise Izvara ko jaganniyantA mAna kara logoM ne use rijhAne ke lie hiMsA karanA zurU kiyaa| isa hiMsA ko rokane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmavAda kI sthApanA kii| jo jaisA karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala milatA hai| kucha loga vRkSa Adi ko nirjIva mAnate haiM aura kucha loga pazu-pakSiyoM ko sajIva mAna kara bhI unake sAtha kaThora vyavahAra karate haiN| mAnoM unameM jIva hI nahIM hai| manuSya adhikAra ke mada meM dUsaroM ke sAtha anucita vyavahAra karatA hai| isa viSama sthiti ko badalane ke lie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAmyavAda kA pracAra kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki sabhI ke vyaktitva ko

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115 samAna smjho| jo vyavahAra ko svayaM ko burA lagatA ho, vaha dUsaroM ko bhI burA lagegA, ata: dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI vaisA vyavahAra nahIM karanA caahie| vicAroM se bhI hiMsA hotI hai| manuSya mananazIla prANI hai, ata: sabhI manuSya apane apane anubhava ke anusAra apane vicAra banA lete haiM aura unakA pracAra bhI karate haiN| yaha anucita nahIM, kintu anucita yaha hai ki eka vyakti apane vicAroM ko sahI aura dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko galata mAna baitthe| vastu meM aneka vizeSatAeM hotI haiN| kisI kI dRSTi eka vizeSatA para par3atI hai to kisI kI dUsarI pr| aisI sthiti meM donoM kI vicAra dhArA alaga-alaga hogI aura paraspara viparIta bhI hogI, para unameM se eka sahI aura dUsarI galata hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| eka hI DhAla rAste ko, utAra kI ora jAne vAlA acchA kahatA hai aura car3hAva kI ora jAne vAlA buraa| acchA aura burA ina donoM meM bar3A antara hai, kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki donoM meM se eka kA kahanA sahI aura dUsare kA kahanA glt| ThIka yahI bAta dArzanika cintana meM bhI samajhanI caahie| / isa taraha mahAvIra ne hiMsA se bacane ke lie ahiMsAvAda, karmavAda, sAmyavAda, aura syAdvAda kA upadeza diyaa| phalata: vaidika hiMsA, hiMsA mAne jAne lagI aura pazuoM kA havana hamezA ke liye banda kara diyA gyaa| Aja bhI yajJa hote haiM, kintu unameM azva Adi pazuoM kI bali nahIM dI jaatii| isakA prathama zreya bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hai| ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena hai|

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kAzI ke katipaya aitihAsika tathya kAzI-vidvatsamAja kI anupama vibhUti mahAmahopAdhyAya padmavibhUSaNa sva0 DaoN0 zrIgopInAtha kavirAja kA kAzI kI sArasvata sAdhanA nAmaka grantha bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA se vikramAbda 2021 meM prakAzita huA thaa| isameM 13vIM se 18vIM zatI taka ke pratibhAzAlI viziSTa AcAryoM, vidvAnoM evaM granthakAroM ke prAmANika itivRtta para vizad prakAza DAlA gayA hai, inameM 4 jainoM (eka zreSThI aura tIna AcArya) ke bhI nAma haiN| caudahavIM zatAbdI meM jainAcArya jinaprabhasUri yAtrA ke lie kAzI Aye the| usa samaya kAzI nagarI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta thii| unameM se eka vibhAga kA nAma thA-deva vArANasI, jisameM vizvanAtha-mandira aura kaI jainamandira the| usa samaya kAzI meM dhAtuvAda, rasavAda, mantra vidyA, vyAkaraNa, tarka, nATaka, alaGkAra, zakunazAstra yA nimittazAstra, jyotiSa Adi vidyAoM kI carcA hotI thii| kAzI kI sArasvata sAdhanA, pRSTha 7. isI zatI meM nATakakAra hastimalla dakSiNa bhArata se kAzI aaye| unhoMne apane saMskRta nATaka 'vikrAnta kauravam' meM kAzI kA AMkhoM dekhA hAla vistAra se likhA hai| isI nATaka ke AdhAra para maiMne 'kAzI 600 pUrva' zIrSaka eka lekha likhA thA, jo kAzI ke pratiSThita dainika 'Aja' ke do vizeSAGkoM meM kramaza: prakAzita huA thA aura dainika 'saMsAra' ke eka vizeSAGka meN| jAna par3atA hai ki kavirAja jI ke adhyayana kakSa meM prastuta nATaka nahIM thaa| anyathA ve hastimalla kI carcA apane ukta grantha meM avazya karate / satrahavIM zatAbdI meM phreJca paryaTaka varniyara bhArata paryaTana karate hae kAzI Aye the| unhoMne kAzI ke viSaya meM jo kucha likhA hai, usase pratIta hotA hai ki kAzI nagarI meM usa samaya bahuta se vidyAlaya the, jinameM brAhmaNa aura bhakta paThana-pAThana meM nirata rahate the evaM adhyApaka apane gharoM meM athavA bhakta dhanI logoM ke udyAnoM meM adhyApana karate the| pratyeka adhyApaka ke nikaTa prAya: 4 se 15 taka vidyArthI rahate the| saba vidyArthI 10-15 varSa guru ke samIpa rahakara vidyAbhyAsa karate the| ve pahale vyAkaraNa par3hate the tadanantara purANa, usake bAda darzana, Ayurveda, jyotiSa prabhRti viSayoM kA bhI adhyayana adhyApana hotA thaa| san 1667 I0 meM varniyara ne kavIndrAcArya se bheMTa kI thI aura *. DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina se sAbhAra prApta.

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117 unakA vizAla pustakAlaya bhI dekhA thaa| vahI, pR0 69. upAdhyAya yazovijaya- yaha bhI prasiddha hai ki raghudeva nyAyAlaGkAra ke samIpa navyanyAyazAstra ke adhyayana ke liye prasiddha jaina paNDita yazovijaya gaNi (16081688) kAzI Aye the| yaha 1626 I0 kI bAta hai| usa samaya yazovijaya jI kI avasthA 18 varSa kI thii| yaha bhI prasiddhi hai ki unhoMne veSa badala kara brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM 12 varSa taka (1626-1638I0) kAzI meM rahakara adhyayana kiyA thaa| usa samaya kAzI meM raghunAtha ziromaNi ke dIdhiti Adi granthoM ke paThana-pAThana kA paNDita samAja meM adhika pracAra aura prabhAva thaa| nyAyAmbudhirdIdhitikArayukti kllolkolaahldurvigaahH| tasyApi pAtuM na payaH samarthaH kiM nAma dhiimtprtibhaambuvaahH|| pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne raghadeva se hI nyAya kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa viSaya meM aura eka bAta jJAtavya hai-yazovijayakRta aSTasahasrI vivaraNa meM raghudeva kA nAmollekha hai| vahI, pRSTha 66 / jaina sampradAya ke yazovijaya kI smRti kAzI ke sAtha sadA milI huI hai| vahI, pRSTha 79 / san 1194 I0 meM banArasa muslima-zAsana ke adhIna thaa| prasiddha hai ki sulatAna iltutmiza ke samaya vizvanAtha-mandira kI punaH zuddhi huI thii| gujarAta ke prasiddha jaina zreSThI vastupAla ne isa mandira meM pUjA ke liye eka lakSa mudrAe~ bhejI thiiN| vahI, pRSTha 2 / varadarAja dIkSita- varadarAja dIkSita kA nAma isa samaya (17vIM zatI) ke vaiyAkaraNoM meM prasiddha thaa| ye bhaTTojI dIkSita ke ziSya the| bhaTTojI dIkSita ke viSaya meM yaha prasiddhi hai ki unhoMne tIrthayAtrA tathA vidyAgrahaNa kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA kI thii| vahAM jAkara unhoMne appayadIkSita se vedAnta tathA mImAMsA kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| unhoMne tantra siddhAnta meM isa prakAra guru ko praNAma kiyA hai appayya dIkSitendrAnazeSa vidyAgurunahaM naumi| yatkRti bodhAbodhau vidvadvidvadvibhAjako paadhii|| bhaTTaTojI ke granthoM ke nAma-1. vyAkaraNa meM siddhAntakaumudI (racanA kAla saMbhavata: 1625 I0) hai| meghavijaya kahate haiM ki bhaTTojI kaumudI-racanA ke viSaya meM haimacandra kRta zabdAnuzAsana ke RNI haiN| 2. ..... / vahI, pRSTha 48 / '

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118 varadarAja dIkSita ke grantha 1. vyAkaraNa meM (ka) madhyasiddhAntakaumudI (kha) laghusiddhAnta kaumudI (ga) sArarasiddhAnta kaumudI / 2. sAhitya meM gIrvANapadamaJjarI athavA saMskRta mnyjrii| isa grantha meM kAzI ke ghAToM kI nAmAvalI dI gaI hai| vahI, pRSTha 59. ghAToM ke nAma saMskRta meM haiM, unake vartamAna pracalita nAma isa prakAra haiM (nAmoM kI zuruAta uttara kI ora se kI hai-) rAjaghATa, trilocanaghATa, brahmAghATa, bindumAdhavaghATa, maGgalAgaurIghATa, rAmaghATa, agnIzvaraghATa, nAgezvaraghATa, vIrezvaraghATa, siddhivinAyakaghATa, svargadvArapravezaghATa, mokSadvArapravezaghATa, gaGgAkezavaghATa, jarAsandhaghATa, vRddhAdityaghATa, somezvaraghATa, rAmezvaraghATa, lolArkaghATa, assIsaMgamaghATa, varuNAsaMgamaghATa, lakSmIghATa, nRsiMhaghATa, bindumAdhavaghATa, paJcagaMgezvaraghATa, AdivizvezvaraghATa (bindumAdhava ke nikaTa) dakSezvaraghATa, dUdhavinAyakaghATa, kAlabhairavaghATa, dazAzvamedhaghATa, causaTTIghATa, mAnasasarovaraghATa tathA kedaarghaatt| isa prakAra kavirAja jI ne 13 vIM se 18vIM zatI taka ke pramukha AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ke aitihAsika tathyoM para vizad prakAza DAlA hai|

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atizaya kSetra papaurA tIrthakSetroM kI bahulatA kI dRSTi se bundelakhaNDa kI pavitra bhUmi vandanIya hai| isa prAnta meM sonAgiri, nainAgiri, droNagiri, khajurAho, ahArajI, thUbaunajI, devagar3ha, bUr3hI canderI, canderI, kuNDalapura Adi aneka jaina tIrtha kSetra haiN| papaurA inhIM meM se eka hai| yaha kSetra TIkamagar3ha (madhya pradeza) se pUrva kI ora kevala tIna mIla kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ samatala bhUmi para 81 gaganacumbI jaina mandira haiM jo bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM se vibhUSita haiN| ina mandiroM ke nAma AdinAtha, RSabhanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, vimalanAtha, zAntinAtha, munisuvrata, neminAtha tathA pArzvanAtha-ina tIrthaGkaroM ke zubhanAmoM se sambandha rakhate haiN| jaise AdinAthamandira, RSabhanAthamandira aadi| antima mandira kA nAma bAhubalimandira hai jo abhI-abhI banA hai| " yaha kSetra do mIla ke ghere meM bane hue parakoTe ke andara hai| parakoTe ke bAhara eka tAlAba hai aura cAroM ora saghana vnaavlii| ataH yaha kSetra prAkRtika dRSTi se bhI darzanIya hai| prAcIna bhoyarA, caubIsI, candraprAbhamandira, rathAkAramandira, meru, mAnastambha aura bAhubalimandira isa kSetra ke AkarSaNa kendra haiM jo darzanArthiyoM ke hRdaya ko barabasa apanI ora AkRSTa karate haiN| prastara-lekhoM ke AdhAra para, jo mUrtiyoM ke nIce utkIrNa haiM, yaha kSetra 819 varSa purAnA hai| bhoyare kI manojJamUrti, jisake nIce samaya kA ullekha nahIM, isa kSetra ko aura bhI adhika prAcIna siddha kara sakatI hai| yaha cauthe kAla kI sI jAna par3atI hai| prastara lekhoM meM madanavarmA, udyetasiMha, vikramAditya, vikramAjIta, dharmapAla, tejasiMha, sujAnasiMha, hamIrasiMha, mahendrapratApasiMha aura vIrasiMha-ina dasa rAjAoM ke nAma bhI utkIrNa haiM jinake zAsanakAla meM isa kSetra ke mandira bane the| ina nAmoM meM madanavarmA kA nAma saba se purAnA hai| isakA ullekha mandira saM0 23 kI mUrti ke pAdamUla meM upalabdha hai-- - "saMvat 1202 ASADha vadI 10 budhe zrI madanavarma deva rAjye bhopAlanagara zarIka *. zramaNa, varSa 16, aMka 6, apraila 1965 I0 se sAbhAra.

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120 golApUrvAnvaye sAhu Tur3A suta sAhu gopAla tasya bhAryA mAhiNI suta satu praNamanti nilAM. caraNAravindaM punnyprtisstthaam|" isa mUrti-lekha meM orachA, TIkamagar3ha aura papaurA- ina tInoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| saMbhavata: ye madanavarmA vahI haiM jinakI rAjadhAnI madanezapura (Adhunika nAma ahArajI) meM thii| saMbhava hai papaurA inhIM ke rAjya meM rahA ho| papaurA aura ahArajI meM lagabhaga bAraha mIla kA phAsalA hai| athavA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki kisI saGkaTa ke samaya yaha mUrti una (madanavarmA) ke rAjya ke kisI anya sthAna se yahA~ lAI gaI ho| jo bhI ho, isa viSaya meM anusandhAna kI AvazyakatA hai| ukta mandira saMkhyA 23 ke bAda saMvat 1524, 1542, 1545, 1687, 1716, 1718, aura 1779 meM kramaza: nirmita mandira saMkhyA 35, 7, 34, 21, 22, 13 aura 27 ke mUrti-lekhoM meM bhI orachA, TIkamagar3ha yA papaurA kA ullekha nahIM hai| hA~, mandira saMkhyA 27 meM rAjA udyetasiMha kA nAma hai, para TIkamagar3ha, orachA yA papaurA kA nAma nahIM hai| isake pazcAt saMvat 1865 meM bane mandira saMkhyA 39 meM rAjA vikramAjIta aura orachA kA ullekha hai para TIkamagar3ha kA nahIM hai, isake sthAna meM mAmauna likhA hai| saMvat 1872 meM bane mandira saMkhyA 18 meM TIkamagar3ha ke sthAna meM TeharI kA ullekha hai| isI taraha saMvat 1875 tathA 1876 ke prastaralekhoM meM bhI TeharI kA ullekha hai| saMvat 1882 meM bane mandira saMkhyA 4 meM sabase pahale TIkamagar3ha kA nAma utkIrNa huA jo bAda ke sabhI mandiroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| TIkamagar3ha kA purAnA nAma TeharI hai, yaha nizcita hai, para isakA 'mAmauna' nAma bhI rahA, isa viSaya meM meM khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| yahA~ ke 81 mandiroM meM se vikrama kI 13vIM zatI meM 1, 16vIM meM 3, 17vIM meM 1, 18vIM meM 3, 19vIM meM 28, 20vIM meM 37 tathA 21vIM ke prArambha meM 4 mandira bne| inake atirikta 4 mandira aura haiM jinake samaya kI jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho skii| mandiroM kA nirmANa saM. 1202 se prArambha huA jo vartamAna samaya taka calatA rhaa| yahA~ ke mUrti-lekhoM meM papaurA ke sAtha kevala kSetra zabda hI utkIrNa milatA hai para kucha Azcaryajanaka ghaTanAoM ke ghaTane se yaha atizaya kSetra kahA jAne lagA hai| jisa samaya ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiM usa samaya unheM pratyakSa dekhane vAle atizaya kahate haiM, para kucha kAla bAda unhIM ghaTanAoM ko kevala suna sakane vAle loga anyathA samajhane lagate haiN| jo kucha bhI ho, yahA~ kI kucha ghaTanAe~ nimnalikhita haiM--- yahA~ eka kuA~ hai jo 'patarAkhana' ke nAma se prakhyAta hai| isake bAre meM sunA jAtA hai-eka vRddha mahilA ne yahA~ pratiSThA karavAI thii| isI nimitta se usane hajAroM . yAtriyoM ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita kiyA thaa| saMyoga kI bAta hai usa samaya bhojana to kama nahIM huA, para pAnI kama par3a gayA-kuA~ khAlI ho gyaa| isa avasara para aura

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121 koI upAya na dekhakara bhagavAn kA dhyAna karake vaha rassiyoM ke sahAre ukta kue~ meM utara pdd'iiN| jyoM hI usane kucha kUr3A-kacarA bAhara nikAlA tyoM hI paryApta mAtrA meM jala nikala AyA aura usakI lAja baca gaI tabhI se ukta kuA~ 'patarAkhana' kahalAne lagA hai| yahA~ eka bAvar3I hai jo dAna bAvar3I kahI jAtI hai| isake bAre meM sunate haiM ki pahale yaha yAtriyoM kI mAMga ke anusAra unheM baratana diyA karatI thI tathA kAma hone para vApasa le liyA karatI thii| kucha samaya bAda jaba baratanoM ke vApasa hone meM gar3abar3I hone lagI to usane baratana denA banda kara diyaa| yahA~ ke bhoyare (talaghara) aura candraprabhamandira ke darzana karane vAloM kI kAmanAe~ pUrI huA karatI thiiN| ___ yahA~ ke sabhAmaNDapa ke mandira meM zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha tathA arahanAtha-ina tIna tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrti ko sASTAGga namana karane vAloM ke roga miTa jAyA karate the| yahAM ke bhoyare meM eka kAlA nAga kucha kAla taka paharA detA rhaa| vaha darzanArthiyoM ko koI bAdhA nahIM pahu~cAtA thaa| darzanArthiyoM ke Ane para vaha unake rAste se dUra ho jAlA thaa| yahA~ ke 35veM mandira ke nikaTa eka garbhavatI zeranI lagAtAra eka mAsa taka rahI thii| isa avadhi meM usane kisI ke Upara kabhI tanika bhI AkramaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| yahA~ 4 bagIce haiM, 1 udAsInAzrama hai tathA yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke liye 4 dharmazAlAe~ bhI haiN| vIranirvANa saMvat 2444 meM pratiSThAcArya svargIya paM. motI lAla jI varNI ne yahA~ eka vidyAlaya kholA thA jisakA nAma vIravidyAlaya hai| chAtroM ke bauddhika vikAsa ke liye unhoMne apanI sampatti lagAkara yaha sarasvatIsadana kholA thaa| vidyAlaya kI sthApanA meM unheM sva0 gaNeza prasAda jI varNI kA pUrA sahayoga prApta huA thaa|

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bhojana aura usakA samaya binA bhojana kiye koI bhI prANI jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| sabhI prANI nirantara bhojana ke lie hI prayAsa karate rahate haiN| manuSya isakI prApti ke lie nAnA prakAra se parizrama karatA hai; kintu svastha aura cirAyu rahane ke lie kaisA bhojana karanA cAhie tathA kaba karanA cAhie, isa para koI dhyAna nahIM detaa| bhojana ke bAre meM yadi manuSya dhyAna de to vaha kabhI bImAra nahIM par3a sakatA aura na asamaya meM mRtyu kA zikAra hI bana sakatA hai| yadi ucita mAtrA se bhojana kiyA jAe to svAsthya acchA rahatA hai anyathA svAsthya girane lagatA aura mRtyu kA saMkaTa bhI upasthita ho jAtA hai| sabhI roga bhojana kI gar3abar3I se utpanna hote haiN| sabhI zAstrakAroM ne isa viSaya meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA hai| anya dezoM kI apekSA bhArata isa viSaya meM bahuta udAsIna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIyoM kA svAsthya dina-pratidina giratA calA jA rahA hai| mAMsa-machalI aura apaDe Adi jo padArtha dUsare dezavAsI khAte haiM, aba bhAratIya bhI khAne lage haiN| kevala jaina samAja hI ina cIjoM ko abhakSya samajhatA hai| bhArata dharmaprANa deza hai aura yahA~ garamI adhika par3atI hai, isalie AdhyAtmika aura zArIrika dRSTi se mAMsa Adi padArtha khAne yogya nahIM mAne jA skte| bhArata meM anna pracura mAtrA meM hotA hai aura zAstrakAroM ne 'annaM vai prANAH' likha kara isakI upAdeyatA ko samajhAyA hai| atra ke sAtha ghI, dUdha aura zAka kA prayoga manuSya ko svastha, sukhI aura cirajIvI banAtA hai| zAstrakAroM ne likhA hai-'ghRtaM vai AyuH'-ghI nizcaya se Ayu hai aura 'sadyaH zukrakaraM payaH' arthAt dUdha zIghra hI vIrya bar3hAtA hai| bhojana kaba karanA cAhie- bhojana ke samaya ke bAre meM Ayurveda meM aneka mata milate haiN| cArAyaNa ne rAtri meM, timi ne zAma ko, dhiSaNa ne dopahara ko aura AcArya caraka ne sabere bhojana karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai; para jainAcArya somadeva ne likhA hai ki bhojana taba karanA cAhie jaba bhUkha lage cArAyaNo nizi timiH punarastakAle madhye dinasya dhiSaNazcarakaH prbhaate| bhaktiM jagAda nRpate! mama caiSa sargastasyAH sa eva samayaH kSudhito ydaiv|| - yazastilaka, pRSTha 509. * zramaNa, varSa 7, aMka 12, akTUbara 1956 I. se sAbhAra.

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123 ' AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM aneka dRSTikoNoM se dina meM bhojana karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai- dina meM sUrya kA prakAza rahatA hai, isalie dina ke bhojana meM jIva-jantuoM kA utanA Dara nahIM rahatA, jitanA rAta meM rahatA hai| yadi bhojana ke sAtha jIva jantu peTa meM cale jAe~ to manuSya kI buddhi aura zarIra donoM para burA prabhAva par3atA hai| cIMTI peTa meM calI jAya to manuSya kI buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai, cU~ calI jAe to jalodara ho jAtA hai, makkhI calI jAe to vamana ho jAtI hai, makar3I calI jAe to kor3ha ho jAtA hai aura yadi bAla calA jAya to svara bigar3a jAtA hai medhAM pipIlikA hanti, yUkA kuryAjjalodaram / kurute makSikA vAntiM kuSTharogaM ca kolikaH / / vilagnaca gale bAlaH svarabhaGgAya jAyate / ityAdayo dRSTA doSAH sarveSAM nizi bhojane / / --- yogazAstra, tRtIya prakAza, pRSTha 484. AcArya hemacandra ne hindU zAstroM ke AdhAra se bhI rAtribhojana ko tyAjya batalAyA hai- cUMki sUrya meM Rka, sAma aura yajurveda kA teja nihita hai, ata: jitane bhI zubha karma haiM, usakI kiraNoM se pavitra kara, karanA caahie| Ahuti, snAna, zrAddha, devArcana, dAna aura khAsakara bhojana rAtri meM niSiddha hai trayItejomayo bhAnuriti vedavido viduH / tatkaraiH pUtamakhilaM zubhaM karma samAcaret / / naivAhutirna ca snAnaM na zrAddhaM devatArcanam / dAnaM vA vihitaM rAtrau bhojanaM tu vishesstH|| - yogazAstra, pRSTha 487. Ayurveda kI dRSTi se bhI rAtri bhojana tyAjya hai 'sUrya kI kiraNoM ke na rahane se rAtri ke samaya manuSya kA hRdayakamala aura nAbhikamala saMkucita ho jAtA hai tathA sUkSma jIva-jantu bhojana ke sAtha peTa meM pahu~ca jAte haiM, ata: rAtri ke samaya bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie' hRnnAbhi-padmasaGkocazcaNDarocirapAyataH / / ato naktaM na bhoktavyaM sUkSma-jIvAdanAdapi / / -yogazAstra, pRSTha 489 kAmazAstra kI dRSTi se bhI dina meM bhojana kA vidhAna hai

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124 'se bhoktA vAsare yazca rAtrau rantA cakoravat' -yazastilaka pRSTha 51 jo kIr3e dina meM nahIM dikhalAI dete ve sUrya ke asta hote hI na jAne kahA~ kahA~ se A jAte haiN| varSA Rtu meM to unakI aura bhI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| ata: rAtri ke bhojana se jIva hiMsA kA honA svAbhAvika hai aura unake viSAkta hone ke kAraNa manuSya kI mRtyu taka hotI dekhI jAtI hai ata: rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karanA caahie|

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upakArI pazuoM kI yaha durdazA! * vizva ke sabhI prANI sukha cAhate haiM aura ve sadA aise sAdhanoM ko khojate haiM, jinase unheM sukha ho / kintu sukha ke jitane sAdhana manuSya juTA letA hai, utane dUsare prANI nahIM juTA paate| manuSya apane sukha ke lie acetana ke sAtha cetana sAdhanoM kA bhI saMgraha kara letA hai / kintu vaha makAna, dukAna, sonA, cA~dI, rupae-paise aura vastra Adi acetana sAdhanoM kI surakSA kA jitanA dhyAna rakhatA hai utanA gAya, baila aura ghor3e Adi pazuoM kA nahIM rkhtaa| manuSya pazuoM ke sAtha bahuta hI nirdaya vyavahAra karatA hai / yadi makAna kA koI aMza TUTa jAye to manuSya zIghra hI usakI marammata karavAtA hai| kintu upakArI pazuoM meM se kisI kA koI aMga TUTa jAya to manuSya use khAnA-pInA bhI bharapeTa nahIM detA, balki kasAI ke hAtha beca detA hai| * AcArya somadeva ne nItivAkyAmRta meM likhA hai ki 'saMsAra kA sukha use mila sakatA hai, jisake yahA~ khetI hotI ho, dUdha dene vAlI gAyeM hoM, zAka Adi utpanna karane ke lie bAr3A ho aura ghara meM kuA~ ho / ' manuSya ko janmate hI sabase pahale bhojana kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| usa samaya vaha dUdha ke sivA anya kisI padArtha ko nahIM khA sakatA aura na use hajama hI kara sakatA hai| mAM kA dUdha bhI usa samaya nahIM nikltaa| aise avasara para gAya kA dUdha hI diyA jAtA hai| isIlie gAya ko mAtA- - go mAtA kahA jAtA hai| mAnava ke lie dUdha, dahI, makkhana, malAI, maTThA aura ghI Adi sAkSAt amRta haiN| mA~ kevala apane bacce ko apanA dUdha pilAtI hai, kintu gAya becArI apane bacce ko bhI apanA dUdha nahIM pilA paatii| usakA sArA dUdha nikAla kara manuSya svayaM pI jAtA hai yA use beca kara dhana saMcaya karatA hai aura svayaM gulacharre ur3AtA hai, para gAya aura usake bacce ko bharapeTa ghAsa Adi bhI nahIM detaa| yadi detA hai to tabhI taka jaba taka ki vaha dUdha detI hai| bur3hApe meM to becArI ko bar3I yAtanAe~ bhoganI par3atI haiN| jo gAya mAnava ko jilAtI hai, puSTa banAtI hai, dhanI karatI hai, niroga rakhatI hai; apane baccoM ko bhI dUdha dene aura anna paidA karAne ke yogya banAtI hai, bhojana pakAne kI IMdhana detI hai; ghara pavitra karane ko gobara detI hai, lIvara kI zakti bar3hAne ko mUtra detI hai, paMcAmRta pradAna karatI hai, kA sahArA dekara vaitaraNI se pAra utAra detI hai aura bar3hiyA khAda detI hai| yaha to jIvita avasthA meM karatI hai| marane para bhI vaha mAnava kI kama sevA nahIM krtii| zramaNa, varSa 12, aMka 9, julAI 1961 IsvI se sAbhAra *.

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126 mAnava ke pairoM ko kavaca pradAna karatI hai| gAya se bar3hakara mAnava kA upakAra karane vAlA pazu isa vizva meM nahIM hai| kintu kheda hai ki Aja usakI bar3I burI durdazA hai| gAya manuSya ko apanA svasva dekara jIvana detI hai, para manuSya use badale meM mauta detA hai| yaha kahA~ kA nyAya hai? __ bhagavAn kRSNa gAyoM ko kitanA mahattva dete the| bhagavAn zaMkara ne anya vAhanoM ko chor3akara naMdI ko apanA vAhana bnaayaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne baila ko apane pAdamUla meM Azraya diyaa| rAjA dilIpa ne nandinI kI sevA meM rahane ke lie ikkIsa dina taka apanA rAjya chor3a diyA thaa| use siMha se bacAne ke lie unhoMne apane prANoM kI bAjI lagA dI thii| bhArata varSa ke itane bar3e mahAn puruSoM, avatAroM aura rAjAoM ne eka svara se gAya ke mahattva ko prakaTa kiyA thaa| isIlie bhArata varSa meM ghI-dUdha kI nadiyA~ bahA karatI thIM aura yahA~ ke loga bar3e balavAna hote the| kintu jaba se gAyoM kI upekSA hone lagI hai; tabhI se ghI-dUdha kA bhI akAla par3a rahA hai| bhArata varSa meM ghI-dUdha Adi becanA burA samajhA jAtA thaa| ghI-dUdha binA mUlya ke hI mila jAyA karatA thaa| kahIM-kahIM choTechoTe gA~voM meM Aja bhI aisI sthiti dekhane ko mila sakatI hai| abhI aise loga haiM, jo gorasa becanA pApa samajhate haiN| ____ jaina AcAryoM ne likhA hai 'dUdha pIne ke lie gAya Adi pazuoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie, jIvikA calAne ke lie nhiiN| jina pazuoM ko pAlA jAya, unheM rassI Adi se bA~dhanA nahIM caahie| yadi kabhI bA~dhanA hI par3e to nirdayatApUrvaka na baaNdhe| 2 yadi manuSya sukha cAhatA hai to gAya Adi jitane dUdha dene vAle pazu haiM, unheM bhI sukha de| unake sukha se hI mAnava samAja sukhI raha sakatA hai| cetana savAriyoM meM sabase pahale ghor3e kA naMbara AtA hai| jaba taka vAyuyAna, rela aura moTara kA AviSkAra nahIM huA thA, taba taka ghor3e ko bahuta mahattva diyA jAtA thaa| lar3AI ke maidAna meM bhI ghor3e bahuta kAma dete the| AcArya somadeva ne to yahA~ taka likhA hai ki 'jisa rAjA ke pAsa eka bhI acchA ghor3A ho, vaha saMgrAma meM vijaya prApta karatA hai, usake rAjya meM vRSTi samaya para hotI hai aura usakI prajA dharma, artha aura kAma ke abhyudaya ko prApta karatI hai| Aja ke yuga meM bhI ghor3e bahuta kAma Ate haiN| ghor3oM ke kAraNa lAkhoM manuSya apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karate haiN| kintu manuSya unake sAtha bahuta hI nirdaya vyavahAra karatA hai| use bhara peTa khAne-pIne ko nahIM detaa| use ArAma nahIM karane detaa| usake Upara bahuta adhika bojhA yA savAriyA~ lAdatA hai| use bahuta hI burI taraha pITatA hai| use itanA daur3AtA hai ki usake phephar3e taka phaTa jAte haiN| agale donoM paira ghaTane se nIce bilakula Ter3he par3a jAte haiM aura sUja jAte haiN| phira bhI duSTa unheM burI taraha mArate

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127 haiN| kabhI-kabhI cAbuka usakI AMkhoM para bhI mArate haiM, isake kAraNa unakI AMkheM kharAba ho jAtI haiN| kucha kI pITha meM ghAva ho jAte haiM, para duSTa unhIM ghAvoM para cAbuka mArate haiN| durghaTanAvaza kabhI kisI ghor3e kI TAMga taka TUTa jAtI hai| jotane vAle use vahIM chor3a kara calate banate haiN| usakI davA nahIM karate aura na use khAne-pIne ko hI dete haiN| cANakya ne apane arthazAstra ke kaNTakazodhanaprakaraNa meM likhA hai ki "....hAthI, ghor3e aura ratha ko mArane-tor3ane yA curAne vAloM ko zUlI para car3hA denA caahie|' ghor3e kI taraha baila, khaccara aura gadahoM kI bhI bar3I dayanIya dazA hai| hAthiyoM kA bhI eka yuga rhaa| hAthI kA darzana zubha samajhA jAtA rhaa| cANakya ne apane dharmazAstra meM hAthI aura ghor3oM kI AratI utArane kA ullekha kiyA hai| hAthI kA zikAra nahIM kiyA jAtA rhaa| para aba yaha AvAja A rahI hai ki jaMgaloM meM hAthI bar3ha rahe haiM, unheM mAra DAlanA caahie| isI taraha aura bhI aneka pAlatU pazu haiM, jinase manuSya khUba kAma letA hai aura badale meM unheM khUba hI satAtA hai| jo pazu jaMgaloM meM rahate haiM aura manuSya ko koI hAni nahIM pahu~cAte, unheM bhI manuSya mAra kara khA jAte haiN| prAcIna tapovanoM kA varNana par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki sAdhu loge jaMgalI pazuoM ke sAtha apane kuTambI ke samAna vyavahAra karate the| abhijJAna zAkuntala aura raghuvaMza Adi meM kAlidAsa ne tathA unake paravartI anya kaviyoM ne bhI apane-apane kAvyoM meM isakA sundara varNana kiyA hai| vizva ke samasta prANI eka dUsare ke upakArI haiN| manuSya ko na kevala manuSya hI, varan pazu aura pakSI bhI sukha dete haiN| ata: manuSya kA bhI kartavya hai ki unake prati kRtajJa rahe aura unake sAtha burA vyavahAra na kre| ahiMsA saba dharmoM kA sAra hai| ata: pazuoM kI durdazA dekhakara manuSya ko kucha to socanA caahie| jo loga ahiMsA kA udghoSa karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki dayA se bar3hakara dUsarA dharma nahIM, taba ve choTe prANI (jAnavara) kA mAMsa kaise khA sakate haiM? ahiMsaka evaM dayAlu banane ke lie mAMsa-machalI aura madirA kA tyAga to bahuta choTI sI zarta va pahacAna hai| ahiMsA se satya kI siddhi, cid kA sAkSAtkAra aura Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| yahI mAnavatA kA saccidAnanda rUpa meM pUrNa vikAsa hai| sandarbha : 1. tasya khalu saMsArasukhaM yasya kRSirdhenavaH zAkavATa: sdmnyudpaanshc| nItivAkyAmRta 8/3, vArtA samuddeza, pRSTha 93. gavAdyairnaSThiko vRttiM tyajed bandhAdinA vinaa| bhogyAn vA tAnupeyAt taM yojayed vA na nirdayam / / sAgAradharmAmRta 4/16, pRSTha 125

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128 3. jayaH kare tasya raNeSu rAjJaH, kAle paraM varSati vAsavazca / dhamArthakAmAbhyudaya: prajAnAmeko'pi yasyAsti haya: prazasta: / / yazastilaka 2/207. 4. hastyazvarathAnAM hiMsakAn stenAnvA shuulaanaarohyeyuH|' --- arthazAstra, adhi0 4, adhyAya 11, pR0 368.

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mahAn yasya sphATikasannibhaM zuci manaH zuddhopayogAJcitaM yasyANuvratadezanAzravaNato vRttaM zritA mAnavAH / prekSAdhyAnavidhiryataH samudito lokopakArakSamaAcAryapravarastanotu tulasI zreyaH sadA naH prabhuH / / 1 / / dezasyAsya samastabhUmirabhito yatpAdacihnAGkitA yasyAcAryapadasthitasya sumaterardhA zatAbdI gtaa| yasyAmAgamavAcanA saha tayA sampAdanaM cAbhavad AcAryapravarastanotu sa sudhIH zreyaH paraM naH prbhuH||2|| yaccittasthatabhAvanAvagamanAd bhaktairjanaiH satvaraM sambhUyAtulabodhadAnaniratA saMsthA smudghaattitaa| mAnyazcAtra viziSTazikSaNaparo'sau vizvavidyAlayaAcAryapravaraH sako vijayate labdhapratiSTho mahAn / / 3 / / yacchiSyo'vanibhAlamaNDananibhaH zAstrAbdhipAraGgamovidvadvandyapadAravindayugalaH stsaadhulkssmaashryH| sattarkapratitarkamaNDitamatiH stunyo yuvAcAryakaAcAryAGghripadAravindanilayo nUnaM milindopamaH / / 4 / / - amRtalAlaH pUjya zrI tulasI gaNI yatpAdAbjarajoviliptaziraso bhaktAH pavitrAzayA svaisandhyaM paripUjayantiniyamAt sambhUya bhavyA janAH / yannAmAdya samastavizvaviditaM yadvAGmayaM vistRtaM pUjyaH zrI tulasIgaNI vijayate vizvambharA vizrutaH / / 1 / / pUrvopAttavirAgato'lpavayasi vyaktvA gRhaM dIkSito muktArambhaparigraho gurukRpAdRSTyA ca jijJAsayA /

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130 labdhoyena viziSTazAstra paThanAd bodho budhAzcaryakRt so'yaM zrI tulasIgaNI vijayate vizvambharA vishrutH||2|| prAjJA yatra sahasrazaH pratidinaM dezAd videzAt tathA'' gatyAtyantavinamramastakakarA ArAdhayanti tridhA / yadvAcaca nizamya hRSTa hRdayA gacchanti tRptiM parAM pUjyaH zrI tulasI gururvijayatejJAnAbdhipAGgabhaH / / 3 / / yasyANuvratacaryaMyA pratidizaM dezo'dbhutAmunnatiM cAritrasya gato'ti dharmanirato jAtazca sanmAnavaH / prakSAdhyAnavidyAnatazca nitarAM lAbhAnvito dRzyate pUjyaH zrI vadanAsutaH sa jayati prajJAprakarSAzrayaH / / 4 / / yaccitaM vimalaM vicAracaturaM saddhyAnamagnaM sadA yadvAyo madhurAH stravantisatataM pIyUSadhArAM parAm / yatkAyo'pi pavitrasaMyamabalAd dIptyanvito vartate so'yaM zrI tulasI vibhUrvijayate jJAnArkapUrvAcalaH / / 5 / / zikSA yatra na vartatesma na tathA vijJo jano vA janI tatraivAdya viziSTazikSaNaratAH saMsthAzcavidvadvarAH / yadyatnAcca gurUpamA munijanAH sAdhvyaH zramaNyastathA so'yaM jJAnadivAkaro jina ivAcAryaH kSitau bhAsate / / 6 / / yAvad vAti namasvAn bhAti vivasvAn virAjate himaguH / tAvannavamAcAryastulasIpAdo'vatAt sarvAn / / 7 / / (pathyAryA) zrImuditamuniH abhinandanapatram saradArazaharasAgara-sajjAtAdbhutaparArdhyarataM yH| jayati mahAzramaNo'sau muditamuni ma vikhyaatH||1|| yo bAlyakAle'pi samaMvayasyaimahAmunInAM savidhaM sametya / tannaivatasthau vinayena tAvadAyAti yAvanna janaH svakIyaH / / 2 / /

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AkarNya teSAM vacanaM sabhAyAmAsyaM yadIyaM nitarAM prasannam / saMsUcayAmAsa manaH- prasastiM sabhaktivandho mudito muniH saH / / 3 / / nirasta niHzeSa parigrahANAM teSAM munInAmabhidarzanena / zAntazca dAntazcabhavan prakAmaM dIkSAmupAdAtumiyeSa so'yam / / 4 / / kuTumbivargAnumatiM gRhItvA, yo dIkSito'bhUnmuditAntarAtmA / mano'nukUlaM saphalaprayatno, harSaprakarSa manujaH prayAti / / 5 / / mahAmunInAM varalakSaNAni, sarvANi yasmin pratibhAnti tAni / savandanIyo muditAbhidhAnaH, praNamramUrkhA satataM munIndraH / / 6 / / AcAryabhakto vinataH prasanno nirantaraM zAstravicAramagnaH / udAttacittaH samabhAva yukto abhinandanIyo mudito munIzaH / / 7 / / bhavato mahAzramaNapadalAbhAjjAta prasannatAH sarve / kurmovayamabhinandanamihasthitAH zraddhayA bhavataH / / racayitA - amRtalAla abhinandana patram sAdhvI pramukhA zrIkanakaprabhA pUjyA sAdhvI pramukhA viduSI, kanakaprabhA mhaashrmnnii| anupamaguNamaNibhUSA tanotu naH santataM shreyH||1|| ananya sAmAnya guNAbhirAmAM yAM zaizave vijJajanA vilokya / AzcaryapAthonidhibhagnacintAH sammenire kumbhasutAM navAMtAm / / 2 / / khelanti bAlA nikhilAH prakRtyA svabAlya kaale'viditaanykaaryaaH| parantu yA svIyagRhe nilIya saddhyAyanamudrAbhinayaM cakAra / / 3 / / bAlyevilIne'pi virAgatA sA lebhe na yasyAH parivartanaM tat / pralobhanaM naikavidhaM jananyA dattaM paraM jAtamapArthakaM tat / / 4 / / pazcAdanujJAM samavApya pitrobhRzaM prasannA kanakaprabhA'bhUt / iSTaM phalaM prApya jano na ko'tra harSaprakarSa prakaTI karoti / / 5 / /

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132 vizvambharAvyAptayazobhirAmamAcAryavaryaM tulasItisaMjJam / Azritya tAM bhAgavatI bhuvAha dIkSAM pramodAt kanakaprabhA sA / / 6 / / AcArya varyasya vaco'nusAramadhItyazAstrANi prishrmenn|| punazca teSAM parizIlanena sA jJAnato'nanya samA'janiSTa / / 7 / / prAkRta-saMskRta-hindI- bhASAstisraH sritryiitulyaaH| yasyA hRdi prasaranti tasmAt sA'sti prayAgatIrthAbhA / / 8 / / yA zAsane'nanya samAnazaktirvAtsalyamUrtirjananIva bhAti / yadakSisaGketa bhavApya sarve sAdhvIjanAH kAryaratA bhavanti / / 9 / / pranthAn yadIyAn samadhItyavijJA yasyAH kavitvaM kalayantyapUrvam / tathaiva sampAdanakauzalaJca tapaH prabhAvAt kimasAdhyamasti / / 10 / / nizamya yasyA vacanaM sabhAyAM zrotAra AnandabhavApnuvanti / zaGkAsamAdhAnamapi pramANapurassaraM yA karute'titUrNam / / 11 / / padena kasyApi janasya zobhA padasya kasyApi ca tena shobhaa| padasya zobhA kanakaprabhAta ityatta kasyApi na saMzayaH syAt / / 12 / / 'mahAzramaNI' - padalAbhajJAnAm saJjAt harSataH srve| kurmovayamabhinandanabhatrabhavatyA mahAsatyAH / / 13 / / racayitA- amRtalAla

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paM. amRtalAla jI zAstrI : vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM jJAnadIpa paMDita amRtalAla jaina __ AcArya dayAnanda bhArgava jainavidyA ke pAMDitya kI aneka dhArAeM haiN| prathama dhArA ke antargata ve loga Ate haiM jo gRhatyAgI haiN| spaSTa hai ki inakI jainavidyA ke prati pUrNa pratibaddhatA hai tathA sAmAnyata: ye samAja se jur3e loga haiN| prAya: inakI bhakta maMDalI bhI hotI hai| dUsarI dhArA gRhastha . paMDitoM kI hai| ye paMDita sAmAnyata: zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karate haiM aura zAstroM ke gaMbhIra adhyayana meM rata rahate haiN| tIsarI dhArA vizvavidyAlaya ke adhyApakoM kI hai, inakA vaiduSya samIkSAtmaka dRSTi kI apekSA to prakhara hotA hai kintu grantha kI paMkti lagAne meM inakI itanI gati prAyaH nahIM hotI jitanI paramparAgata paMDitoM kI hotI hai| cauthI dhArA videzI vidvAnoM kI hai| inake jIvana meM jaina dharma ke upadezoM kA koI vizeSa prabhAva dekhane meM nahIM AtA kintu samIkSA aura AlocanA ke kSetra meM ve atyanta nipuNa hote haiN| * paMDita amRtalAla jaina kA sthAna dUsarI dhArA ke vidvAnoM meM agragaNya hai| Upara hamane jina dhArAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai una sabhI dhArAoM ke vidyA-vyasaniyoM ko granthoM kI paMkti lagAne kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura isa kArya meM ina sabako hI paramparAgata paNDitoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| eka praur3ha paramparAgata paMDita hone ke nAte na jAne paMDita amRtalAla jaina ne kitane hI aise vidyA vyasaniyoM kA upakAra apane jIvana meM kiyA hogaa| unakA jitanA sammAna kiyA jAya utanA kama hai| eka satya yaha hai ki paramparAgata paMDita detA sabase adhika hai aura letA sabase kama hai, isIlie jahA~ anya dhArAoM ke kAma karane vAloM kI saMkhyA pichale varSoM meM bar3hI hai vahA~ paramparAgata paMDitoM kI saMkhyA dina-pratidina kama hotI jA rahI hai| paM0 amRtalAla jI jaina jaise vyaktitva kA honA andhakAra meM jalate hue dIpaka ke samAna hai| unakA saccA sammAna to yaha hai ki samAja ke kucha taruNa jijJAsu unake jJAnadIpa se apanA jJAnadIpa prajjvalita karane ke lie Age AyeM jinake yogakSema kI vyavasthA bhI samAja kare anyathA dhIre-dhIre paramparAgata pANDitya ke lupta ho jAne kI AzaMkA hai aura yadi paramparAgata pAMDitya lupta ho jAtA hai to jaina vaiduSya kI zeSa tIna dhArA kI samRddhi nahIM raha paayegii| jaina samAja ko isa para gaMbhIratA se vicAra karanA caahie| pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma aura darzana jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM

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134 saMsmaraNoM ke vAtAyana meM paM0 amRtalAla jaina / DaoN0 Ananda prakAza tripAThI 'ratneza' jaba jaba mere antarhadaya meM niSkAma evaM RjumanA vyaktitvoM kI tasvIra ubharatI hai to unameM agraNI nAma paM0 amRtalAla jaina, banArasa kA AtA hai| maiM apane Apako saubhAgyazAlI mAnatA hU~ ki vyutpanna pratibhA ke dhanI, vidvatvareNya paMDitajI ke sAtha lagabhaga ATha varSa taka brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM meM kArya karane kA suavasara mujhe milaa| jIvana meM sAdagI, vicAroM meM urvaratA evaM satayoga kI pravRtti se ApUrita hai unakA vyktitv| saralatA unakA zRGgAra hai aura upakAra hI unakA lkssy| vidvAnoM ke ve preraNAsrota haiN| sacamuca jJAna aura vinayasampanna unakA vyaktitva sabake lie anukaraNIya hai| AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne jo kucha bhI mujhe kaMThastha karAyA vaha mere pAsa unakI akSuNNa dharohara ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| purAtanadharma-paNDitajI dUsaroM ke lie jIte haiN| dUsaroM kA hita sadaiva dhyAna meM rakhate haiN| mujhe vaha ghaTanA yAda A rahI hai jaba brAhmI vidyApITha meM eka prAdhyApaka kI niyukti huI kucha samaya bAda unakI zAdI huii| ve sajjana zAdI karane ke lie gaye hue the tabhI unakI sevAoM kI jarurata mahasUsa nahIM kI gyii| yaha bAta kisI srota se paNDitajI ko jJAta huii| jAnakArI hote hI paNDitajI ne mujhe yAda kiyA aura prazAsana dvArA usa prAdhyApaka ko haTAne kI jAnakArI mujhe bhI dii| mujhe jAnakArI hI isalie / dI ki maiM apane srotoM se usa prAdhyApaka ko bacAne kA prayAsa kruuN| paNDitajI ne mujhase jaisA kahA maiMne vaisA hI kiyA aura mujhe unheM bacAne meM saphalatA milii| dUsaroM ke hita sAdhane ke bhI aise aneka udAharaNa mere sAmane haiM jisake AdhAra para maiM yaha kaha sakatA hU~ ki paNDitajI ne tulasIdAsa kI usa paMkti ko apane jIvana meM caritArtha kiyA thA "parahita sarisa dharma nahiM bhaaii|" anAsakta bhAva se brAhmI vidyApITha meM sevAeM dete hue paNDitajI ke jina guNoM se maiM bahuta adhika prabhAvita huA unameM eka hai apanI indriyoM para niyntrnn| madhyAvakAza meM prAyaH hama loga cAya ke sAtha miSThAna aura namakIna maMgAte the jo sabhI ko barAbara-barAbara vitarita kiyA jAtA thA kintu paNDitajI kA yaha niyama thA ki miSThAna aura namakIna meM se eka grAsa ke barAbara rakhakara saba hamalogoM meM vitarita kara dete the| miSThAna, namakIna yA anya kisI padArtha ke prati kabhI unake mana meM Asakti huI ho, aisA koI dRzya dhyAna meM nahIM hai| lauMga khAne kA unakA zauka thA kintu prAyaH sabako lauMga khilAkara hI svayaM khAte the| khAna-pAna kA saMyama unakA sadA anukaraNIya rahA hai|

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135 zata-zata vandana abhinandana rAkeza maNi tripAThI mA~ sarasvatI ke amaragAyaka svanAmadhanya paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI sAhitya jagat ke eka asAdhAraNa manISI haiN| unakA vyaktitva jitanA sarala, sarasa aura udAra hai, utanA hI udAra unakA dArzanika aura sAhityika cintana bhI hai| darzana ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko jitane sarala DhaMga se vyAkhyA karane kI kSamatA paNDitajI meM dRSTigata hotI hai utanA anya meM durlabha hai| paMDitajI kA sampUrNa jIvana zikSA ke prati samarpita hai| paNDita jI prAya: kahA karate haiM ki eka acchA zikSaka banane ke lie eka acchA vidyArthI bananA Avazyaka hai| eka acchA vidyArthI hI eka acchA zikSaka bana sakatA hai| paMNDita jI ne apanI zikSaNa yAtrA syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI se prArambha kI aura anta brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM rAjasthAna se kiyaa| bIca meM na jAne kitane zaikSaNika par3Ava Ae una sabakA nirvAha bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se kiyaa| jIvana ke dArzanika aura sAhityika utAra-car3hAvoM para car3hate-utarate unake vyaktiva meM nikhAra aayaa| paNDitajI kevala jaina darzana ke hI nahIM balki sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana ke prakANDa vidvAna haiN| koI bhI dArzanika samasyA ho usakA samAdhAna bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se kara diyA karate haiN| darzana meM nyAyazAstra kA jJAna kaThina samajhA jAtA hai, kintu nyAyazAstra para paNDita jI kA ekachatra adhikAra hai| nyAya kI pustakoM kA adhyayana karane dUra-dUra se loga unake pAsa Ate haiN| paNDitajI vyakti nahIM saMsthA haiN| jIvana meM aise mahApuruSoM ke satsaMga kA lAbha durlabha hai| maiM apane ko dhanya mAnatA hU~ ki mujhe aise mahApuruSa ke samparka meM Ane kA suavasara milaa| maiM paNDita jI ke zatAyu hone kI kAmanA karatA huuN| vyAkhyAtA-brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM rAjasthAna sArasvata sAdhanA ke dhanI DaoN0 pradyumna zAha banArasa meM eka lambI sArasvata sAdhanA ke sAtha apane vaiduSya se vidvAnoM aura vidyArthiyoM ke bIca eka AdaraNIya sthAna banAne ke bAda paM0 amRtalAla jI jo paM0jI ke nAma se jAne jAte rahe haiM-ne apanI sevAoM ko terApaMtha dharmasaMgha kI vilakSaNa saMsthA brAhmI vidyApITha ke lie arpita kiyaa| banArasavat paM0 jI ne yahA~ bhI apanI jJAnagarimA kI chApa chodd'ii| RjumanA, udAramanA, saralamanA Adi vizeSaNa unake nAma ke sAmane

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136 sahaja hI laga jAte haiN| laukika cIjoM ke AkarSaNa ko darzana kI painI dhAra se unhoMne vicchinna kara diyA aura jIvana ke isa srota ko sAhitya kIM mandAkinI se jor3a diyaa| paM0 jI jaina darzana ke to dhurandhara vidvAn haiM hI sAtha hI anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM matsyavat tairane kI unameM kSamatA hai| bhAratIya prAcyavidyAoM ke purodhA svanAmadhanya paM0 sukhalAla jI saMdhava jaise khyAtnAma manISI ke sAtha Apane vibhinna graMthoM ke sampAdana meM sahayoga kiyA hai ! unakI ziSya paramparA ke vidvAnoM ke sAtha bhI ApakA nAma jur3A hai| Apa saMskRta ke uccakoTi ke Azukavi evaM chandaH zAstra meM apratihata gatisampanna vidvAn haiM / sAdA jIvana uccavicAra ke dhanI ApameM kSamA-mArdava- Arjava zauca-: - satya-saMyamatapa-tyAga- akiMcanya aura brahmacarya dharma ke ye dazoM lakSaNa mUrtimAna hote hue kisI bhI draSTA ke mana ko prabhAvita kara dete haiN| ApakA saMyamamaya jIvana Aja ke isa ApAdhApI bhare isa yuga meM dUsaroM ke lie pradIpavat hai / Apake aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga meM dvaitabhAva nahIM hai| makkhana kI bhA~ti jisa prakAra ApakA antaraMga nirmala va ujjavala hai usI prakAra tana para zveta colA va dhotI ApakI gauravamayI AbhA ke alaMkaraNa haiN| pU0 zAstrI jI ke talasparzI vidvattA kA anubhava mujhe aneka bAra huaa| ve sabhI darzanoM ke kuzala adhyavasayI aura sarasa haiN| unakA nizchala svabhAva AkarSaka hai| maiM Apake dIrghAyu hone kI kAmanA aura zataza: abhinandana karatA hU~ / sarala aura sarasa vyaktitva ke dhanI paM0 udayacanda jaina jaina darzanAcArya, sAhityAcArya Adi aneka upAdhiyoM ke dhAraka zrImAn paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI kA vyaktitva bahuta hI sarala evaM sarasa hai / unase hamArA paricaya san 1940 se rahA hai jaba maiM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI meM adhyayanArtha aayaa| chAtroM se ApakA snehapUrNa sambandha rahatA thA / sadA hita-mitapriya bolanA, unheM par3hAnA, saMskRta meM sambhASaNa karanA, saMskRta padya racanA karanA Adi jaise racanAtmaka kAryoM meM hI ve lage rahate the| syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya; jaina kAleja, vidizA, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI evaM brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM meM adhyApana kArya karane ke bAda Apa vArANasI vApasa A gaye aura hama loga punaH pUrvavat milane lage / anta meM merI hArdika kAmanA hai ki zAstrI jI aneka varSoM taka svastha rahakara hama saba para apane madhura sneha kI varSA karate raheM /

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137 madhura svabhAva ke dhanI jaya kRSNa jaina pUjya paNDitajI se merA samparka lagabhaga 50 varSa pUrva huA thaa| unase hamane jaina darzana aura dravyasaMgraha pddh'aa| par3hAne kI unakI zailI atyanta rucikara thii| unake vyaktitva aura svabhAva se bhI maiM AkarSita huaa| unake isI svabhAva ne hamAre bIca eka pArivArika sambandha sA sthApita kara diyaa| vizvavidyAlaya meM adhyApaka ho jAne ke bAvajUda unakI dinacaryA aura kAryazailI meM koI antara nahIM AyA, balki unakA madhura svabhAva aura bhI madhutara hotA gyaa| ve eka zAnta pariNAmI adhyApaka haiM aura vivAdoM se sadA dUra rahe haiN| unake prati mere pUjya bhAva haiN| unako merA vinamra abhinndn| ve nirAmaya hokara zatAyu hoM yahI prabhu se prArthanA hai| AtmazlAghA se dUra paNDita jI DaoN0 phUlacandra jaina 'premI' sammAnya paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI sAdA jIvana ucca vicAra kI pratimUrti haiN| zikSA jagat meM Apa atyanta kuzala zikSaka ke rUpa meM lokapriya haiN| jitanA bana sake dUsaroM kA upakAra kareM, apakAra kI bhAvanA kA udaya svayaM ke vinAza kA kAraNa haiisa siddhAnta para ApakA dRr3ha vizvAsa hI nahIM, apitu ise apane jIvana-vyavahAra kA aMga bhI banAyA hai| 7 julAI 1919 meM bamarAnA (lalitapura) meM janmeM guruvara zAstrI jI ne sADhUmala, murainA aura syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI meM adhyayana kiyA tathA 1943 meM jaina darzanAcArya uttIrNa kara vArANasI meM hI adhyApana kArya prArambha kara diyaa| bAda meM 1959 meM sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina darzana ke prAdhyApaka hokara 1979 taka kArya kiyaa| tatpazcAt 1979 se 1997 taka brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM meM apanI sevAyeM dii| zAstrI jI ne apanA sArA jIvana adhyayana aura adhyApana meM nikAlA hai| Aja bhI donoM kArya hI unake dharma bane hue haiN| patnI ke dehAvasAna ke bAda mAnasika rUpa se ve kucha TUTe se dikhe para unake suputra azoka ne apanI sevA-suzrUSA se unheM svastha kara liyaa| isa bIca unhoMne candraprabhacarita, bhaktAmarastotra, saMskRta kAvya racanA Adi dvArA sAhitya ko bhI samRddha kiyaa|

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138 zAstrI jI kA kRtitva saMkhyAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta adhika na hokara bhI guNAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| Apake aneka mahattvapUrNa lekha saMskRta kavitA meM vibhinna patra-patrikAoM aura abhinandana granthoM meM prakAzita hue hai| Apa sadA se hI yaza aura AtmazlAghA se dUra rahakara adhika kArya karane, sAdA aura sarala jIvana jIne, sabhI ke hita kI kAmanA rakhane aura svayaM dvArA kisI ko kiJcita bhI kaSTa na ho- isa prakAra kI jIvana zailI meM dRr3ha vizvAsa aura ise caritArtha karane vAloM meM se eka haiN| jIvana ke aneka jhaMjhAvAtoM ke bAda aba Apa assI varSa kI isa vRddhAvasthA meM cAra tIthaGkaroM se pavitra isa * vArANasI nagarI meM pArzvaprabhu kI janmabhUmi ke samIpa kazmIrIgaMja sthita apane AvAsa para svastha, prasanna aura santuSTa jIvana jI rahe haiN| Apa isI taraha dIrghAyu hoM, yahI hama saba kI kAmanA hai| Adarza prAdhyApaka paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra zraddheya paM0 amRlAla jI zAstrI bacapana se hI kuzAgra buddhi ke rahe haiN| ApakA sampUrNa jIvana sAdagI aura ImAnadArI kA eka Adarza nidarzana hai Apa kAzI kI jaina vidvatparamparA ke vidvacchiromaNi to haiM hI, sAtha hI brAhmaNa vidvAnoM meM bhI ApakI gaharI paiTha hai| chAtra jIvana se hI Apa saMskRta bhASA meM sambhASaNa evaM saMskRta kavitA kahane meM nipuNa rahe hai kabhI bhI aura kisI bhI viSaya athavA vidvAn ko lakSya kara saMskRta bhASA meM kavitA karanA Apa ke Azukavitva kA sUcaka hai| jaina pUjya paNDita jI ne kAzIstha zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya meM adhyayana kara sarvaprathama apanI isI mAtRsaMsthA meM sAhitya prAdhyApaka evaM tatrastha zrI akalaGka sarasvatI bhavana meM pustakAlayAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM apanI sevAyeM dI haiM Apane apane satat adhyavasAya ke phalasvarUpa jo gambhIra jJAnArjana kiyA use apane antevAsiyoM ko samAna rUpa se vitarIta karane meM kabhI kisI bhI prakAra kA saMkoca nahIM kiyA jo bhI adhyayana karane kI abhilASA se unake pAsa gayA use unhoMne na kevala adhyayana karAyA, apitu putravat sneha dekara use sadA ke liye apanA bhI banA liyaa| jaba pUjya paNDita jI sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM jainadarzana vibhAgAdhyakSa the taba maiMne unakI preraNA se svatantra parIkSArthI ke rUpa meM jainadarzana viSaya meM AcArya karane kA saMkalpa kiyA to unhoMne mujhe pAThyakrama meM nirdhArita granthoM ko par3hAkara merA nirantara mArgadarzana kiyaa| kisI bhI vyakti kA kevala vidvAn honA hI paryApta

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139 nahIM hai apita usa vidvattArUpa jJAnarAzi ko chAtroM ke sammukha prastuta kara use hRdayaGgata karA denA hI saphala adhyApana hai aura yaha guNa pUjya paNDita jI meM kUTa-kUTa kara bharA hai| hamArA yaha parama saubhAgya hai ki Aja bhI hameM pUjya paNDita jI kA sAnnidhya prApta hai| sammAna ke isa avasara para hama unake caraNoM meM apanI vinayAJjali samarpita karate hue unake dIrghAyuSya kI maGgalakAmanA karate haiN| sarala vyaktitva zrI pArasamala bhaNDArI 83 varSIya manISI zrI paNDita amRtalAla jI jaina kA abhinandana karate hue atyanta harSa ho rahA hai| unakI saralatA manamohanI hai| ApakA janma jhAMsI jile ke grAma bamarAnA meM huA thaa| Apake pitAjI kA nAma zrI buddhasena jaina thaa| ApakI zikSA bamAnA aura murainA meM huii| san 1934 meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya se jainadarzanAcArya evaM jaina sAhityAcArya kI Apane parIkSA pAsa kI aura san 1944 se 1959 taka usI mahAvidyAlaya meM jainadarzana evaM sAhitya ke adhyApaka rhe| sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM Apa 1960 meM jaina darzana ke adhyApaka niyukta hue aura vahA~ se 1979 meM sevAnivRtta hue isake pazcAt AcArya tulasI dvArA sthApita brAhmaNI vidyApITha lADanUM meM lagabhaga 18 varSa taka sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM zramaNiyoM ko jaina dharma aura darzana kI zikSA dii| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se yahI prArthanA kI paNDita jI kA dIghArya prApta kare aura unakI dhArmika bhAvanAoM kI pUrti kre| abhinandanamabhinandanIyasya vizvanAthamizraH nAtramanAgapi saMzItilezo'pi yat vArANaseye paM.zrI amRtalAla mahodaye vartano ceme vilakSaNA: sme'pigunnaaH| ayaM khalu mahAnubhAvaH adhItI sAhitye, pAradRzvA jainadarzanasya, adhyApayitA pAresahasraM chAtrANAm, udghATayitA zAstrIya gUDharahasyAnAm agresaro vidagdhAnAm, prasiddha; kavayitA, lekhako vyAkhyAtA, bhASakazceti prathitameva cityazAstrAvagAhana paritRptapariSkRtamatInAM vidvdvraannaam| evaM guNagaNaiH sampUjitaH sAralpapratimUrtiH, nirdambhatAyA: vimalaM darpaNam

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140 zAstracintanaparAyaNaH, parApavAdavimukha: paraguNaparamANUn parvatIkRtya modamAna: yazasA vardhamAnaH, yathA vahiH tathA antarvartinA dhavalimnA bhAsamAna: zrI amRtalAla zAstrI mahodaya: cintanacAritryasadvyavahAraprazastavAtAyana sabhAgatasamIraNasaugandhya saurasyasampUjitakAyo nikAyaH spRhaNIyaguNAnAM vartamAno vizvezvarapuNyapuryAM hlAdayati sarvAnnaH iti kiyAn nu khalu pramoda vissyH| ___yadAhaM vArANasyAM paryapaTham tadA'yaM khalu mahAnubhAva AsIdadhyApayitA tatratye syAdvAda saMskRta mhaavidyaalye| tatra samAyojya tesma prativarSa chAtrANAM vAda vivAda prtiyogitaa| tatra bhAgaM gRhItvA samprApyacottamaM sthAnaM labdhaM bhayA'pi naikavAraM svarNapadakam tatrabhavata: zrI amRtalAlamahodayasya karatalA ditimnye'hmaatyaanmpidhnydhnym| varSIyasAnenAtivAhyate'dhunA samaya: kaashyaam| sA ceyaM kAzI viduSAM ngrii| mahatA puNyodayena lbhyte'vkaasho'tr| itthaM zakyate vaktuM yad paM0 zrI amRtalAla zAstrI, puNyapIyUSapUrNaH, gambhIrazAstraparizIlanaparAyaNo'pi hAsaparihAsakuzala:, svacchahRdaya:, divyAntarAtmA, anAgrahI, sAhityazAstre kRtazramo'pi jainadarzana pAradRzvA, anuvAdakaH kaThinataragranthAnAm, Adarzo'dhyApakaH, sarvathA sarvadA abhinandanIyo vandanIyazca sarveSAM naH, svastha: nirAmayo jIvyAcca zaradAM shtm| kuryAcca kalyANamAtmahitacikIrSuNAmiti prArthyante'harnizaM bhavAnIpataya: zaMvidhAtAra: kaashiipuraadhiishvraaH|| brAhmI vidyApITham, lADanUM suhRdvarANAM zrIamRtalAlajaina mahAbhAgAnAM zubhAzaMsanam pro0 baTukanAthazAstrI khiste AbAlyAdguruvRndapAdayugalIsevAsamiddhAtmanAM , nAnA prAkRta saMskRtAdiracanAvaiduSyabhUSA jussaam| pIyUSAyita nAmalabdhayazasAM mAdhuryadhuryAtmanAM, sacchoslAmRtapAnatRptamanasAM saubhAgyamAzAsmahe / / saujanyasadvinayamaJjulavAGmayazrIvyAhAracAruvadanasya zubhAzayasya / vAgdevatAkaruNayA'mRtalAlanApnomitrasya maGgalamayaM sakalaM samIhe / / saJjanaH sRhadAM snehI zAkhavit gurusevkH| jIvyAtsakuzalaM dIrghamamRtAkhyo mahAmatiH / /

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zrI paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandira viSenA keTalAka aitihAsika ullekho prA. bhogIlAla ja, sAMDesara, ema. e., pIeca. DI. [ pATaNanuM zrIpaMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM maMdira e gujarAtanuM eka mahatvanuM jaina tIrtha che. enA aneka ja ri atyAra sudhImAM thayo che. lAkhonA kharce thayelA enA chelA jarNodvAra pachI emAM pratiSThAvidhi AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrinA pavitra harate thavAnI hatI, paNa vidhinimiti kaMI judI hatI. e kArya thaI zake tyAra pahelAM ja AcAryazrI kALadharma pAmyA, ane pratiSThAvidhi teozrInA ziSya AcAryazrI vizvasamudrasUrinA haste thoDAka mAsa pahelAM saM. 2011nA jeTha zudi pAMcama, tA. 26mI me 1955nA roja thaI hatI. pATaNanA sthApaka cAvaDA vanarAje baMdhAvelA e mandira vinA etihAsika ulekho paranI saMkalita nodha AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrinA mAraka prasiddha thatA A prasthamAM samucita thaI paDaze ema mAnIne ahIM ApIe chIe. - saMpAdako ] aNahilavADa pATaNanA sthApaka vanarAje potAnA guru zIlaguNasUrinA AdezathI pATaNamAM zrI paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM mandira baMdhAvyuM hatuM e ghaTanA ItihAsaprasiddha che. vanarAjano pitA paMcAsaramAM rAjaya karato hato, tethI A mandiramAM pratiSThita pArzvanAthanI mUrtine paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha nAma ApavAmAM rAvyuM hoya, athavA keTalAka vidvAno mAne che tema, e mUti paMcAsaramAMthI lAvIne navA pATanagara pATaNamAM pratiSThita karavAmAM AvI hoya. pATaNanI sthApanA saM. 802mAM thaI hatI, eTale tyAra pachI thoDA samayamAM A mandira baMdhAyuM haze ema anumAna karavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. e rIte gujarAtanAM jUnAmAM jUnAM, vidyamAna jaina maMdiromAMnuM eka tene gaNavuM joIe. jo ke vakhatovakhata tenA jINoddhAro thayo hovA joIe. vikramanA teramA zatakamAM maMtrI vastupAle karAvelA jIrNoddhAranI hakIkata tatkAlIna aitihAsika kAvyomAMthI maLe che. hamaNAM ja thayelA chellA cha dvAra pUrve je mandira hatuM tenuM sthApatya soLamAM saikAnuM jaNAtuM hatuM. vaLI A mandira sai pahelAM to jUnA pATaNamAM haze. tyAMthI e pratimAo Adi navA pATaNamAM kayAre lAvavAmAM AvyAM haze e viSe paNa kaMI AdhArabhUta mAhitI maLatI nathI. vanarAjanA guru zIlaguNusUri nAgendra gacchanA caityavAsI AcArya hatA ane paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM maMdira sadIo sudhI nAgendra ga7nuM caica hatuM ema prApta ulekho uparathI jaNAya che. gujarAtanI aitihAsika rAjadhAnI pATaNanA ItihAsa sAthe saMkaLAyeluM hoI A mandira eka viziSTa aitihAsika agatya dharAve che. eno saLagasUtra vRttAnta AlekhavA mATenAM koI sAdhano nathI. sAhityamAM ane utkIrNa lekhomAM je prakIrNa ullekho maLe che ene AdhAre ja A mandira vize keTalIka mAhitI prApta thAya che athavA e paratve rasaprada anumAna thaI zake che. A mandira viSenA tamAma ulekho badhA upalabdha grakhyAdimAMthI khoLI kADhavAnuM maryAdita samapamAM zA nathI, paNa je ullekho maLI zakayA te kAlAnukramika saMdarbhamAM, yogya noMdha sAthe ahIM rajU karuM chuM. 1. haribhasUrikRta "candraprabhacarita' (. 1216 AsapAsa) paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandira viSeno pahelo likhita ullekha, e mandira baMdhAvyA pachI lagabhaga cAraso varSa bAda maLe che. e ulekha bahada gacchanA AcArya zrIcarinA ziSya haribhadrasUrinA AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka-grantha, mumbaI 1957 se sAbhAra

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142 ' prAkRta caMdraprabhacarita'mAMthI che. e ja granthakAranuM apabhraMza * neminAthacarita' saM. 1216mAM racAyeluM che, eTale uta caMdraprabhacarita * paNu e arasAmAM racAyuM haze. jo ke saM. 1223 pachI to e racAyuM nathI ja, kema ke e varSamAM lakhAyelI e kAvyanI tADapatrIya prati pATaNamAM saMghavInA pADAnA bhaMDAramAM che. enI prazastinA ullekha pramANe, jayasiMhadeva ane kumArapAlanA maMtrI pRthvIpAle potAnAM mAtApitAnA zreya arthe paMcAsara pArzvagRhamAM maMDapanI racanA karAvI hatI " . jayasIhaeva-sirikumaravAlanaranAyagANa rajjesu / sirIpuravAlamaMtI avitahanAmo imo vihio // aha ninnayakArAviyajAliharagaccharisahajigabhavaNe / jaNayakae jaNaNIe uNa paMcAsarapAsagihe // caDDAvalIyami u gacche mAyAmahIe muhaheuM / ahilavADayapure karAviyA maMDavA jeNa || ' arthAta zrIjayasiMhadeva ane kumArapAla naranAyakonA rAjyamAM zrI pRthvIpAla maMtrI avitaya nAmavALo thayo. ( potAnA pUrvaja ) ninnaye karAvelA jAlihara gucchanA RSabhajinabhavanamAM tathA paMcAsara pArzvagRhamAM potAnA janaka ane jananInA (zreya) arthe tathA potAnI mAtAmahInA sukha arthe teNe caDDAvalI ( caMdrAvatI) ane aNahilavADapuramAM mApo karAvyA hatA. ' 2. arisiMhakRta ' sukRtasaMkIrtana ' ( saM. 1298 ane 1187 nI vacce ) F arisiMha e gujarAtanA suprasiddha mahAmAtya vastupAlano Azrita kavi hato ane vastupAlanAM satkRtyo varNavatuM ' sukRtasaMkIrtana ' nAme mahAkAvya teNe raceluM che. enA pahelA sargamAM kavie cAvaDA vaMzanA rAjAono kAvyamaya vRttAnta Apyo che. AmAM khAsa noMdhapAtra to e che ke solakI ane vAghelA yugamAM racAyelAM aneka aitihAsika kAvyomAMthI mAtra arisiMhakRta ' sukRtasaMkIrtana ' ane udayaprabhasUriSkRta ' sukRtakIrtikallolinI'mAM ja cAvaDAono ullekha che; 'yAtraya' kAvyamAM gujarAtano itihAsa AlekhavAno rItasara prayatna karanAra AcArya hemacandre paNa cAvaDAonI vAta karI nathI. cAvaDAonI hakUmata pATaNa AsapAsanA thoDA pradeza upara ja hatI ane te kAraNe aitihAsika kAvyonA lekhakoe emane eTaluM rAjakIya mahattva nahi ApyuM hoya. e rIte 'sukRtasaMkIrtana'mAM ApelI cAvaDAonI vaMzAvalI mahattvanI che. ' sukRtasaMkIrtana'nI racanA saM. 1278 ane 1287nI vacce kayAreka thayelI che.? e kAvyanA prathama sarganA 10mA zlokamAM paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandirano ullekha che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa e mandiranI tulanA parvata sAthe karI che, je enA zikharanI UMcAI darzAve che. - aMtarva sadghanajanAdbhutabhArato bhUmI bhRtyatAditi bhRzaM vanarAjadevaH / paJcAsarAhUvanavapArzvajinezavezmavyAjAdiha kSitidharaM navamAtatAna 1. pATaNa bhaMDAranI sUci (gAyakavADjha orIenTala (sarIjha), pR. 255 2. juo mAru pustaka Literary Circle of Mahamatya Vastupala, pR. 63 .

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143 vaLA e kAvyanA chelA sargamAM (zloka 2) vastupAlanAM bAMdhakAmo varNavatAM kartAe kahyuM che ke aNahilavADa pATaNamAM paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandirano jIrNoddhAra karAvIne maMtrIe vanarAjanI vRddha thayelI kIrtine hastAvalaMbana ApyuM hatuM - paJcAsarA huvamaNahillapurIpurandhrIsImantaratnamivapArzvajinezavezma / uddhRtya yena yazasA janito jaratyA hastAvalambanavidhirvanarAjakIrteH / / 3 udayaprabhasUrikRta "sutakIrtikallolinI' (saM. 1ra77) nAgendragacchanA vijayasenasUri jeo vastupAlanA mAtRpakSe guru hatA temanA ziSya udayaprabhasarikRta "sutakIrtikallolinI" kAvya saM. 1277mAM varatupAle karelI zatruMjayanI saMdhayAtrA prasaMge racAyuM hatuM, ane vastupAle zatruMjaya upara baMdhAvelA maMDapamAM eka zilApaTTa upara kotarIne te mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. maMtrInAM sukRtonI prazaritarUpe racAyelA A kAvyanA 14mA zlokamAM kavi kahe che ke gurjara bhUmirU5 sundarInA mukhya samAna aNahilapuranA tilakarU5 A paMcAsara caitya vanarAje baMdhAvyuM hatuM, jenA zikharano UMco kalaza saMthAnA maNi jevo zobhato hato - sphUrjadgurjaramaNDalAvanivadhUvaktropame'smin pure caitye kiJca vizeSakaM vyaracayat paJcAsarAhavaM nRpaH / yasyoH kalazazcakAsti rucibhiH kiJcidvibhinnAmbara* zyAmatvavyapadezakezapadavIsImantasImAmaNiH / / 4. udayaprabhasUrikRta "dharmAlyudaya mahAkAvya (saM. 1290 pahelAM). uparyukta udayaprabhasUrie "dharmAlyudaya" athavA "saMdha paticaritra' nAme paMdara sarganuM mahAkAvya racyuM che. emAM maMtrI vastupAlanI saMghayAtrAnuM varNana hoI saM. 1277nI moTI saMdhayAtrA pachI turata e racAyuM hoya e saMbhavita che, paNa saM. 1290 pahelAM to niHzaMka enI racanA thayelI che, kema ke e varSamAM khuda vastupAlanA hastAkSaromAM lakhAyelI enI tADapatrIya nakala khaMbhAtanA bhaMDAramAM che. e kAvyanI prazastimAM (loka 7) nAgendra gacchanA AcAyoMnI guruparaMparA ApIne potAnA guru vijayasenasUri viSe kartA kahe ke teo paMcAsarA nAmathI oLakhAtA vanarAjavihAra tIrthamAM vyAkhyAno ApatA hatA - paJcAsarAhayavanarAjavihAratIrthe prAleyabhUmidharabhUtidhurandhare'smin / sAkSAdayaHkRtabhavA taTinIva yasya vyAkhyeyamacyutagurukramajA vibhAti // paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAyuM tyArathI nAgendra garachanA AcAryono e sAtheno saMbaMdha jotAM A svAbhAvika che. vaLI paMcAsarAnuM maMdira te ja vanarAjavihAra ema ahIM kartAe spaSTa kahyuM che. 3. e ja, pR. 1.

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144 vastupAle e mandirano jIrNoddhAra karAvyo hato eno ullekha paNa kAvyanA pahelA sarga(zloka 22)mAM che aNahilapATakanagarAdirAjavanarAja kI rttikeligirim / paJcAsarAva jina gRhamuddadhre yaH kulaM ca nijam || 5. zrI paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandiramAMno saM. 1301 no zilAlekha A mandiramAMnI vanarAjanI mUrti pAsenI 40 AsAkanI mUrti nIce A prakAre zilAlekha che (1) saM. 1301 varSe vaizAkha sudi 9 zukre pUrvamaMDalI vAstavya modajJAtIya nAgeMdra ... (2) suta zre0 jAlamaputreNa zre0 rAjukukSIsamudbhUtena Tha0 AzAkena saMsArAsAra... (3) yopArjita vittena asmin mahArAjazrIvanarAjavihAre nijakIrtivallI vitAna... (4) kAritaH tathA ca Tha0 AsAkasya mUttiriyaM suta Tha0 arisiMhena kAritA pratiSThitA ... (5) saMbaMdhe gacche paMcAsarAtIrthe zrIzIlaguNasUrisaMtAne ziSya zrI ... (6) revazvandrasarimiH | mAruM mahAzrIH | jIma mavatu || . A zilAlekhamAM paNu paMcAsarA tIrthano vanarAjavihAra tarIke ullekha che. paMcAsarAnA mandiramAM zIlaguNusUrinA ziSya devacandrasUrinI mUrti che. eka mUrti vanarAjanA mAmA surapALanI gaNAya che; paNa AkhA ye mandiramAMnA bIna koI lekhamAM paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandirano ullekha nathI. emAM eka mAtra apavAda vanarAjanI mUrti nIcenA lekhano che. e zilAlekhamAM saM. 752 ane saM. 8paeNrano nirdeza che, paNa enI lipi eTalI prAcIna lAgatI nathI. A uparAMta temAM saM. 1301 ane saM. 1417nA ullekha ane eka sthaLe ' mahamada pAtasAha * ane * pIrojasAha'nI paNa vAta che. e mUrtinI nIce tathA tenI AsapAsa nIcenA paththara upara traNeka zilAlekho bhegA thaI gayA che ane dhasAyelA hovAne kAraNe te vizeSa durvAMcya banyA che. pU. munizrI puNyavijayajI, sva. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ane paM. lAlacaMda gAMdhIe e baMdha besADavA prayatna karyo che ane temaNe taiyAra karelI e lekhanI vAcanA nAgendragacchIya devendrasarakRta 'candraprabhacaritra'nI praratAvanA( pR. 11)mAM chapAI che. eno ekadeza nIce mujaba che-- ' ...saM. 1202...zrIpArzvanAthanaitye zrIvanAna...nAnazrI jvesavu (!) zrIama chezvara rAvAyatana trA pi... ti zrIvanarAjamUrti zrIzIlaguNasUri sagaNe zrIdevacaMdrasUribhiH pratiSThitA saM. 1417 varSe A lekhamAMnuM * ...pArzvanAtha caitya ' eTale * paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha caitya ' ema gaNavuM jo e. vanarAje baMdhAvelA aNuhilezvara mahAdevanA mandira ( ' zavAyatana ')no paNa emAM nirdeza che. vanarAjanI mUrtinI pratiSThA devacandrasUrinA haste thaI hovAnuM emAM jaNAvyuM che ane tenI ja sAthe saM. 1417no ullekha che eno meLa besato nathI. A zilAlekhanI vadhAre sArI vAcanAnI hajI apekSA rahe che. 6, meruttuMgAcAryakRta pramantracintAmaNi (saM. 1361) * gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsanA suprasiddha sAdhanagrantha 'prabandhacintAmaNi' anusAra, vanarAje zIlaguNasarane potAnA siMhAsana upara besADIne pratyupakArazuddhithI saptAMga rAjya ApavA mAMDayuM,

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145 paNa sarie teno niSedha karyo pachI sarinA AdezathI vanarAje paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM citya karAvyuM tathA temAM potAnI ArAdhaka mUrti paNa sthApita karI. *--- paJcAsaragrAmataH zrIzIlaguNasUrIn sabhaktikamAnIya dhavalagRhe nijasiMhAsane nivezya kRtajJacUDAmaNitayA saptAGgamapi rAjyaM tebhyaH samarpayaMstainiHspRhadbhyo niSiddhastatpratyupakArabuddhayA tadAdezAcchrIpArzvanAthapratimAlaGkataM paJcAsarAbhidhAnaM caityaM nijArAdhakamUrtisametaM ca kArayAmAsa / (AcArya zrIjinavijayajInI vAcanA, pR.13) prabhAcandrasUrikRta "prabhAvacarita' (saM. 1334)nA "abhayadevasUricarita mAM kahyuM che ke "nAgendragacharUpI bhUmino uddhAra karavAmAM AdivarAha samAna ane paMcAzraya nAme sthAnamAM AvelA caityamAM vasatA (THvAmiSAnatinivAsinA) zrIdevacandrasUrie vanarAjane bAlyakALamAM ucheyo hato. vanarAje A nagara (aNahilapura) vasAvIne tyAM navuM rAjya sthApyuM. e rAjAe tyAM vanarAjavihAra baMdhAvyo ane kRtajJatApUrvaka e guno satkAra karyo " (zloka 72-74). ahIM prajJAamiSAnapiyatatva eTale pATaNanuM paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha cetya nahi, paNa paMcAsara gAmamAM ja AveluM caitya, ke jayAM e AcArya pATaNanI sthApanA pahelAM rahetA haze. pATaNanI sthApanA pachI vanarAje baMdhAvelo "vanarAjavihAra' e paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha catyanuM ja bIjuM nAma che e "dharmAlyudaya'nA ullekhathI spaSTa che. A maMdiramAM 0 AsAkanI mUrti nIceno zilAlekha paNa e sacave che. 7. jayazekharasUrikRta paMcAsarA vInatI (saM. 1460 AsapAsa) * saM. 1462mAM saMskRtamAM "prabodhacintAmaNi nAme AdhyAtmika rUpakanyi racIne pachI enuM chaTAdAra gujarAtI padyamAM "tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha' nAmathI rUpAntara karanAra aMcalagacchIya AcArya jayazekharasUrinuM sthAna jUnA gujarAtI sAhityanA sarvottama kaviomAM che. emaNe racelI keTalIka prakIrNa gujarAtI kAvyaracanAonI 21 patranI eka prAcIna hastaprata pU. munizrI puNyavijayajI ane pU. munizrI ramaNIkavijayajIe cANasmAnA bhaMDAramAMthI meLavI hatI. e pothInA pAMcamA patra upara "paMcAsarA vinatI" e nAmanuM paMcAsarA pArvinAthanuM eka sundara saMkSipta stutikAvya che. A pahelAMnA, paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandira viSenA ullekho, upara sUcavyA tema maLe che, paNa e viSenuM gujarAtI bhASAmAM A pahele ja upalabdha stavana che. A stavana jayazekharasUrie pATaNamAM rahIne ja racyuM hoya e saMbhavita che. enI pahelI kaDI nIce mujaba che : sakhe pAsu paMcAsarAdhIza pakhauM, huyau haryuM ketau na jANa3 sulekha3, kyiAM pAchilaI jami je puNyakAra, phaliyAM sAmaTAM deva dIkaI ti Aju." 1. prabanmacintAmaNi - aMtargata keTalAka prabanyono Azare 400 varSa para thayelo saMkSepa "purAtana prabandhasaMgraha'nA pariziSTamAM chapAyo che temAM "prabanyacintAmaNi'nA upayaMta vRttAntano sArobAra ApatAM kahyuM che (pR. 128 - baRAryakara bIpatinA nirASita jAhera hitanA Aje paNa A marine sAmAnya bolImAM "paMcAsarA' nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che te A sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya.

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146 8. siddhisUrikRti pATaNa caityaparipATI (saM. 1576) pATaNanAM jaina maMdironuM varNana karatI cAra prAcIna caityaparipATIo atyAra sudhImAM maLelI che, jemAMnI be-lalitaprabhasUri ane harSavijayakRta-A pahelAM zrIhaMsavijayajI lAyabrerI, amadAvAda taraphathI prakaTa thayelI che. judA judA mahollA, zerIo, rAjabhAga ane parAMno tathA keTalIka viziSTa vyaktiono emAM nirdeza Avato hoI sthAnika ItihAsa ane bhUgoLa mATe e bahu agatyanI che. e cAramAM sauthI prAcIna upalabdha caityaparipATI siddhisUrinI che. enI nakala pU. munizrI ramaNikavijayajI pAsenI hastaprata uparathI meM karI lIdhI hatI. emAM 9mI kaDImAM nIce pramANe paMcAsarA pArzvanAthano ullekha che : madUkara manaha manoratha pUraI, pAsa paMcAsaraI bhAva vicUra, sAra saMsAraI lemi." 9. siMgharAjata "pATaNa caityaparipATI (sa. 1613) A paripATInI hastaprata paNa mane pU. munizrI ramaNikavijayajI pAse jovA maLI hatI. emAM paMcAsarA pArzvanAthano tathA AsapAsanAM madirono nirdeza kaDI 62thI 65 sudhImAM nIce pramANe che : paMcAsara zrIpAsa, AzApUraNa jinapratimA nava vAdII e, harakhA hIyA majhAri, harakha bhavani jaI jina dekhI ANaMdiA e. 62 mUlanAyaka zrI Adi prathama tIrthaMkara, trAsI pratimA vAMdII e, bhamatI mADi deharI yaDI nirajII naI trIjaI deharaI AvI A e. 63 tihAM pratimA pAMtrIsa, yuvIsaTTA sU vAsapusa nAyaka dhaNI e, cuthiI jina ugaNIsa, pratimA pUchaI bhUlanAyaka mAhAvIra taNI e. 64 ' posAlamAhi deharU pAMcamU, jaInaI nirapIi nemIsasa e, tera pratimA tihAM vAMdI, pApa nidInaI sevAI rAjalivara e." 65 e eka ja paTAMgaNamAM sattaramA sikAnA AraMbhamAM pAMca mandira hatAM. pacAsarA pArzvanAthana mandira pachI 83 pratimAo sahita je AdinAthanA mandirano ullekha che te hAlamAM nathI. tapAgacchano upAzraya, je poLiyA upAzraya ke pozALa tarIke oLakhAya che, emAM te samaye neminAthanuM mandira hovAno ullekha che e noMdhapAtra che ane caityavAsanI paraMparAno dyotaka che. 10. lalitaprabhasUrikRta "pATaNa caityaparipATI" (saM. 1648) pUnamiyA gacchanA AcArya lalitaprabhasUrita ciyaparipATImAM kaDI 18-20mAM pacAsarA pArzvanAthano tathA AsapAsanAM mandirono ullekha nIce pramANe che : paMcAsara pATaki AI e, dhuri vIra jinavara sAra tu; nava pratimA naMdI karI e, vAsapUjya purAri tu. 18 satAvIsa biMba tihAM namI e, paMcAsare prabhu pAsa tu; avara sAta jinavara namuM e, vaMchita pUraI Asa tu. 19 RSabhadeharai vii jina namuM e, daza vali bhamatI hoI tu; navaI ghare chaI pAsa jina, trihatAlIsa biMba joI tu." 20

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147 - A satyaparipATImAM "paMcAsara pATaka" arthAta paMcAsaravADo evo ulalekha madironA A jUtha mATe che e dhyAna kheMce che. siMgharAjanI jema lalitaprabhasUrie paNa ahIM pAMca mandiro noMdhyAM che. je ke siMgharAje pozALamAM neminAthanA mandirano ullekha karyo che te ahIM nathI ane tene badale "nava dhari-navA gharamAM pArve jinano nirdeza karyo che. navA gharano artha "navuM devagRha" laI e to e mandira siMgharAjanI kRti racAI (saM. 1613) tyAra pachI navuM banyuM haze ema kahI zakAya. vaLI e samaya daramiyAna pozALAmAMnI pratimAo anyatra sthApita karavAmAM AvI haze. ema na hota to lalitaprabhasUrie eno ullekha avazya karyo hota. 11. harSavijayakRta pATaNa tyaparipATI" (saM. 1729) AmAM paMcAsarA sAthenAM mandironuM varNana nIce mujaba che : "prathama paMcAsare jaI e, tihAM prAsAda cAra, paMcAsara jinavara taNo e, dekhA dIdAra. 4 copAna biba tihAM ati bhalA e, valI hIravihAra, pratimA triNa sadaguru taNI e, mUrati manohAra. 5 tihAMthI ghabha niNaMda namuM e, biMba pannara gaMbhAraI, ekaso biMba ati bhalA e, bhamatIe juhAraI. 6 vAsupUjayane dehare e, biMba traNa vakhANuM, mahAvIra pAse valI e, biba cAra ja jANuM." 7 * AmAM hIravihArano ullekha mahatvano che. chellA bahAra thayo tyAre pahelAMnA paMcAsarAnA mandiramAM pesatAM DAbI bAjue eka oraDI hatI ane temAM AcAryo vagerenI ja mUrtio hatI. emAM mukhya vedikA upara hIravijayasUri, vijayasenamuri ane vijayadevasUri e tapagacchanA traNa prabhAvaka AcAryonI mUrtio hatI, A sthAna hIravihAra tarIke oLakhAtuM haze. emAM hIravijayasUrinI mUrti saM. 1662mAM tathA vijayasenasUri ane vijayadevasUrinI mUtio saM. 1664mAM pratiSTita thayelI che ema te sAthenA zilAlekho uparathI jaNAya che. AthI A pahelAMnI tyaparipATIomAM hIravihAranA ullekha na hoya e samajAya evuM che. 12. "aho zAlaka boli vaka A jUnI gujarAtI gadyamAM racAyeluM varSa che. lipi uparathI anumAne sattaramA saikAmAM lakhAyelI jaNAtI enI hastaprata vaDodarAnA zrI AtmArAma jaina jJAnamandiramAMthI maLI hatI. vaDodarA yunivarsiTI taraphathI prakaTa thayela "varNa -samuccayamAM A kRtino paNa samAveza thayelo che. emAM eka sthaLe aNahilapura pATaNanuM TUMkuM varNana che, ane temAM pATaNanA pramukha devAlaya tarIke paMcAsarAnA mandirano paNa ullekha che: "te adhyAruM aNahIlapura pATaNa vi. paNi kasU eka chi je aNahilapura pATaNa? saghaTa ghATe karI vicitra citrAme karI abhirAma, mahAmahocha bhalAM ArAma, paMcAsara pramukha deva devAlA, 5. zrI jinavijayajI-saMpAdana "prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha,' bhAga 2 naM. 511-13.

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148 je nagaramAMhai dAnazAlA, pavadhazAlA, dharamazAlA, gaDha maDha mandira prakAra, curAsI cuTA haTazreNi, mAMhaI vasta saMpUrNa varatAI..." 13. devaharSakRta pATaNanI gajhala (saM. 1866) kharataragacchanA muni deva saM. 1866mAM "pATaNanI gajhala" e nAmanuM eka sthalavarNanAtmaka kAvya racyuM che. gaI zatAbdInA pATaNanI sthAnika paristhiti, noMdhapAtra sthaLo tathA viziSTa vyaktio Adino mAhitI mATe A racanA agatyanI che. enA aMtima padya-kalazarUpa chapAnI chellI be paMktiomAM nIce pramANe paMcAsarAnA mandirano ullekha che: pATaNa jasa kIdho pragaTa jihAM pAMcAsara tribhuvana dhaNI, kavi deva mukhathI kahe kuzala raMgalIlA ghaNI." kalazamAM A rIte ekamAtra paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA mandirano ullekha karyo che, e pATaNanAM jaina madiromAM enuM mahatva darzAve che. 14. "paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha stavana' A nAmanI be saMkSipta bhASAkRtio jANavAmAM AvI che ane te banne vaDodarA jaina jJAnamaMdiramAM 5. munizrI haMsavijayajInA zAstrasaMgrahamAM (prati naM. 3394 ane 4515) che. banneya stavanomAM kartAnuM nAma ke rasthA saMvata nathI, paNa lipi uparathI so-doDhaso varSa pahelAM te lakhAyelAM jaNAya che. paheluM stavana "pAsa paMcAsara bheTyo ho, dUkha mecyo mujha ghara AMgaNe' e paMktithI te bIjuM stavana "sukhakara zrIpaMcAsaro pAsa, pATaNapurano rAjao" e paMktithI zarU thAya che. bamyamAMthI koI khAsa etihAsika hakIkata maLatI nathI. A prakAranAM bIjAM paNa stavano tapAsa karatAM maLI AvavA saMbhava che. 6. mArA vaDe saMpAdita, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA mAsika', eprila-sapTembara 1948mAM.

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gujarAtanuM prathama ItihAsakAvya prA0 jayanta e. ThAkara, ema. e., kovid ApaNA dezamAM prAcIna kALamAM AjanA jevI itihAsadRSTi khIlelI na hatI te doSa ApaNuM sAme vAraMvAra dharavAmAM Ave che. prAcInonI ItihAsanI vyAkhyA bahu vyApaka hovAthI temAM pracalita AkhyAyikAo tathA porANika kathAo paNa samAI jatI. A ja kAraNe rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata bahu daLadAra banelAM che. te vakhate caritragranyo paNa javalle ja lakhAtA, kAraNa ke dharmane bahu prAdhAnya maLavAthI camatkArika jIvananuM ja caritracitraNa karavAnuM yogya lekhAtuM. pAMcamI zatAbdInA mAdyo pachI cheka sAtamI sadInA bANanA hitamAM kAMIka etihAsika tatva maLe che tema kahI zakAya. A ritanA caturtha ucchavAsamAM "sUra' zabdano sarvaprathama prayoga jovA maLe che. tyAM samrA harSavardhananA pitA prabhAkaravardhanane " prakAra:'--gujarAtane jAgaraNa karAvanAra--hyA che. musalamAnonA samparka bAda, vikramanA dazamA zataka pachI ApaNe tyAM aitihAsika sAmagrI arpanArA prabandho racAvA lAgyA. veravikhera aitihAsika sAmagrIvALA AvA saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMzamAM lakhAyelA granthomAM bAramA zakatamAM racAyelI kAzmIrI kavi kaNakRta rakataraphI khAsa noMdhapAtra che; kema ke te bIjAnI mAphaka kevaLa stutithI nahi aTakatAM rAjAnAM ghaNo paNa Alekhe che. agiyAramI sadImAM thaI gayelA, virAmavitinA racayitA, kAzmIranA kavi bilpaNanA suro nAno nAyaka gujarAtanI rAjA ane prasiddha siddharAja jayasiMhano pitA karNadeva solakI che ane tenA vikalpita vastumAM etihAsika tattvo bIjarUpe maLe che. gujarAtane mATe e eka gIravano viSaya che ke bhAratanA bIjA koI paNa rAjavaMza karatAM gujarAtanAM 300 varSa jeTalA lAMbA zAsanakALavALA cAlukayavaMzanA itihAsanI sAmagrI ativipula pramANamAM maLI zakI che tevuM che. balara jevAe paNa kabUla karyuM che. [juo "iDiyana eNnTivarI, pranya 6, pR. 180] gujarAtanA ItihAsanA AlekhananA viSayamAM vikramanA 12mA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM tathA 13mAnA pUrvArdhamAM thaI gayelA, gujarAtanA be mahAna rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ane kumArapAlanA samakAlIna ane kalikAlasarvajJanuM biruda prApta karanArA mahAna jaina AcArya zrI hemacandrasUrinuM sthAna mokhare che. temaNe gujarAtanA nAtha' siddharAja jayasiMhanI preraNAthI siddhahemarAnuzAsana nAmaka nUtana saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNa racyuM che, jenA ATha adhyAya che ane dareka adhyAya cAra cAra pAdamAM vahecAyelo che. A batrIse pAdane anta prazastino eka eka zloka mUkI temAM gujarAtamAM caulukya vaMzanA sthApaka mULarAjathI mAMDIne potAnA samakAlIna ane ziSya kumArapAla sudhInA AThe rAjAonI kamabaddha nAmAvali ApelI che. A vyAkaraNanA niyamonAM te ja kramamAM udAharaNa ApavA artha gujarAtanA A mahAna sAhityAcArya saMrakRta-prAkRta dayAzrayakAvyanI racanA karI che, jemAM uparinirdiSTa 32 zlokone vistArIne mUlarAja (vi. saM. 998thI 1053)thI kumArapAla (vi. saM. 119thI 1229) paryantano ItihAsa vaNI levAno prazasya prayatna karelo che. AmAM valabhIpuranA prakhyAta kavi bhadri(Azare I. sa. 500 - 650)nA vyAkaraNakAvya rAvaNavadha athavA madivyanI sarasAI karavAno prayAsa hovAno saMbhava che. te game te hoya, AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka-grantha, mumbaI 1959 se sAbhAra

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150 paraMtu gujarAtano 230 varSano kramabaddha itihAsa nidarzato A prathama ja grantha che, ane te dRSTie tenuM mUlya dhaNuM che. bIjI rIte paNa A kAvyanuM mahattva ghaNuM che. mUlarAja jyAre pATaNano adhipati thayo tyAre te pradeza to'-sAravaMtamajuru ' tarIke ja oLakhAto hato. (mULarAjanA potAnA vi. saM. 1043nA dAnapatramAM paNu A ja nAma ApeluM che. ) mUlarAja jyAMthI Avyo te rAjapUtAnAmAMnA zrImAlabhinnamAlanI AsapAsano pradeza tyAre 'gurjaratra - jIggarattA - jInaverA ' gaNAto. gurjarezvara mUlarAja sArasvatamaHlano rAjA anyo te pachI gurjarezano pradeza te gurjaramada-gurjaraveza-mutra-pu[rttA ' gujarAta kahevAyo. Ama ApaNA pradezane 'gujarAta 'nAma paNa mULarAjanA samayamAM ja maLyuM. ('gujarAta' viSe vizeSa carcA mATe juo DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAkRta 'tihAsanI keDI' pR. 131-1para) taduparAnta, A pradeza samRddhinI uccatama koTie paNa A solaMkIyugamAM ja - siddharAja ane kumArapAlanA zAsanasamayamAM - pahoMcelo. A rIte purANakathAnusAra jeno mULapuruSa brahmAnA culuka eTale khokhAmAMthI utpanna thayelo manAya che te caulukya ke solaMkIvaMzano yuga gujarAtanA pratihAsamAM sauthI vadhAre mahattvano yuga gaNAya, ane yAzrayamahAkAvya paNa A ja yugano itihAsa ApatuM hovAthI gujarAtanA itihAsanI dRSTie tenuM mahattva advitIya che. itihAsa ane vyAkaraNa e be Alambanone kAraNe A aThThAvIsa sarganA mahAkAvyane 'tyAzraya ' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. prathama vIsa sarganA saMskRta yAzrayakAvyamAM mULarAja solaMchInI kArakirdIthI te kumArapAlanA zAsanakAla sudhIno itihAsa AlekhI ATha sarganA prAkRta yAzrayakAvyamAM kumArapAlanI adhUrI kathAnI pUrti karavAmAM AvI che. AthI prathama vibhAgane ' caulukyavaMcotkIrtana ' tathA dvitIya vibhAgane ' kumArapArita ' paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. ' have ApaNe A kAvyanuM saMkSipta vastunirIkSaNa karI laI e. pahelA sargamAM aNulipATaka - pATaNa, rAjA mUlarAja, prajAtI sukhasamRddhi tathA rAjAprajAprItinuM suMdara varNana ApI pachInA cAra sargamAM saurASTranA prApIDaka grAharipu uparano mUlarAjano vijaya varNavyo che. A nimitte banne pakSe upasthita aneka rAjAonAM nAma ApavAmAM AvyAM che. grAharipune tenI strIonI AjIjIthI AMgaLI kApI choDI mUkayo, jyAre teno mitra kacchano lakSarAja--lokakathAono lAkho phulANI--yuddhamAM haNAyo. TTA sargamAM aMga, vindhya, pANDa, sindhu, vanavAsa (uttara kAnaDA), zarajAcala (devagiri), kollApura, kazmIra (tenA rAjA mATe ' nIra ' zabda vAparyo che, zloka 23), kuru ane pAMcAla (himAlayanI taLeTIthI cambala nadI sudhIno pradeza, jenI rAjadhAnI kAmpIlthanagaramAM hatI) jevA dUra-dUranA dezonA rAjAo taraphathI mUlarAjane caraNe AvelI viziSTa beTonuM varNana che, je pachI lATanA dvArape mokalela niSiddha lakSaNovALA gajarAjane hiMmatta banAvI tenA upara yuvarAja cAmuNDarAje meLavelo vijaya Alekhelo che. sAtamA sargamAM kAzI tarapha jatA cAmuNDarAja(vi. saM. 1953thI 1066)ne mAlavAnA rAjAe lUMTatAM teno putra vallabharAja (vi. saM. 1066) tenI AjJAthI mAlavA prati prayANa kare che, parantu mArgamAM ja zItaLAnA asAdhya vyAdhithI tenuM mRtyu thAya che ane e vAta chupAvI sainya pAchuM phare che. vallabharAja pachI rAjyArUDha thayelA tenA bhAI durlabharAja (vi. saM. 1066-1078) sAthenA mAravAGa (ma ) nA rAjA mahendranI bahena durlabhadevInA svayaMvaralagnanuM tathA te nimitte durlabharAjanA bIjA dhaNA rAjAo sAthenA yazaHprada yuddhanuM varNana paNa A ja sargamAM Ave che.

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151 AThamA sargamAM durlabharAjanA nAnAbhAInAgarAjanA putra bhImadeva ke bhImarAja (vi. saM. 10781ra0)ne yazaravI ane nItimaya zAsananuM tema ja parAkramI siddharAja hammukane teNe dhanvayuddha karI harAvelo tenuM sundara Alekhana maLe che. sidhuvijaya pachI navamA sargamAM bhImadeva cedi (madhyapradeza) tarapha vaLyo, paraMtu tenA ta dAmodara dvArA (karNATaka, gujarAta ane cedi traNee sAthe humalo karI harAvelA) mAlavapati bhojanI suvarNamaDapikA ane bIjAM najarANAM mokalI cedirAje sandhi karI lIdhI. parAkramI bhIma pachI tenA eka putra kSemarAje rAjya na ravIkAratAM nAnA karAja vi. saM. 1120 - 1150)ne gAdI maLe che. karNa ane dakSiNamAM AvelA candrapuranA jayakezInI putrI mayaNallAdevI(mInaLadevI)nA citradarzanathI udbhavelA premalagnanuM atisuMdara citraNa paNa A ja sargamAM Ave che. dazamA sargamAM karNarAjanA tapathI prasanna thaI zrIlakSmI pratApa tema ja putra mATe varadAna bakSe che, ane 11mAmAM "gujarAtano nAtha" jayasiMha (vi. saM. 1150-1199) zAsaka bane che. bAramA sargamAM zrIsthaLa(siddhapura)ne brAhmaNone parezAna karanAra rAkSasarAja (kharI rIte bhilarAja) barbaraka sAthe zvayuddha karI jayasiMha tene potAno dAsa banAve che ane tene zrIsthaLano ja rakSaka sthApe che. "bAbarA bhUta" tarIke lokapravAdamAM khyAti pAmelA e jilarAjanA camatkArono paNa kavi ahIM paricaya karAve che. teramA sargamAM bIjo eka rasika prasaMga varNavelo che. mahArAja jayasiMha rAtre vikramanI mAphaka, ve parivartana karIne prajAnAM sukhadu:kha tathA vicAro jANavA nIkaLI paDato. eka rAtre koI strInA karA zabdo tene kAne paDatAM te te bAju gayo ane pRcchA karatAM A pramANe jANavA maLyuM: pAtAlamAM nAgalokanI bhogavatI nAmanI nagarImAM vAsukinI mAnIto nAgarAja ratnacUka raheto hato. tenA putra kanakacUDa nAge eka vakhata potAnA sahAdhyAyI damana sAthe vAdavivAdamAM patnIne hoDamAM mUkI. ahIM teNe bhUla karelI ane svAbhAvika rIte ja damana lavalInI velIne hemantaRtumAM puSpo Ave che tevuM pratyakSa batAvI jItI gayo. chatAM kanaphyUDa pAse patnInI muktino eka upAya hato. ghaNA samaya pahelAM varuNanA varadAnane pratApe hullaDa nAmanA phaNIe pAtAlalokane jalamAM DubADavAno vicAra karelo. jethI gabharAyelA nAgo tene zaraNe gayelA ane hullaDe zAsana pharamAveluM ke prativarSa uttarAyaNe eka eka nAge kAzmIramAM kAyama rahetA potAnI stutipUjA karavA AvavuM. te bAda himathI durgama tevA kAzmIra dezamAM hukalaDa cAlyo gayo ane pUrva "samagra pRthvIne paNa ukheDI nAkhIe" evAM baNagAM phUMkanArA sApa hullaDanA kopanA bhayathI dara varSe vArA pramANe niyamita rIte tenI pUjA arthe javA lAgyA. A varSe damanano vAro Avyo hato; eTale himanA dahathI bacavA teNe kanaphyUDa pAse zarata mUkI ke je te tene himagha USa lAvI Ape to pote tenI patnIne paNamAMthI mukta kare. AthI chello dAva ajamAvavA kanakadhU pATaNa Avelo ane eka UMDA kUvAmAthI USa lAvavA te temAM pavA jato hato, paraMtu te aMdhAro kUvo vajamukhI makSikAothI vyApta hovAthI temAMthI jIvatA pAchA AvavAnI AzA rakhAya tema na hatuM, tethI tenI patnI paNa sahagamana karavA tatpara thaI hatI ane potAne na vAravA patine vinavatI hatI. A vRttAnta sAMbhaLI AzvAsana ApI bAhoza rAjA jayasihadeve kAMThA paranA vetasavRkSane vegapUrvaka mAravA mAMDyuM. tenA avAjathI kUvAmAMthI mAkhIo ekadama UDI upara AvatI rahI. pachI

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152 nirdekSika banelA kUvAmAM rAjAe vinAvilaMbe jhaMpalAvyuM ane USano dhaDo (vaTI) bharIne tatkALa bAra phUdI Avyo, ane USa sAthe te nAgadampatIne arbarakAdinA rakSaNa nIce pAtAlamAM mokalI dIdhuM. ( keMdra ane vinatAnI paurANika kathA ahIM sarakhAvavA yogya che. nAga loko sAtheno gujarAtano aitinAsika sabaMdha paurANika jevA lAgatA A kathAnaka dvArA varNavAyo che ema samajyuM ?) caudamA sarcamAM paNa camatkArakathA Ave che. yoginIonA camatkArane na gaNakAratAM potAnI pratimA banAvI kAmaNapUrvaka tene bALI nAkhavAne pravRtta thayelI bahurUpI yoginI kAlikAne harAvI karmavIra jayasiMhe mALavAnA vidyApremI rALa yazovarmA upara cirasmaraNIya vijaya prApta karyo ane ante paMdaramA sargamAM te bhagavAna somanAthanI kRpAthI suvarNasiddhi meLavI " siphrAna " anyo. kedAranAthanA mArgane teNe durasta karAvelo, zrIsthaLamAM rudramahAlaya tathA jaina caitya baMdhAvelAM, pATaNamAM sahastraliMga taLAva ane jaina tathA jainetara mandiro baMdhAvelAM, saurASTramAM siMhapura(riADora)nI sthApanA karelI---A badhI vigata paNa A sargamAM maLe che. soLamA sargathI kumArapAlanI kathA zarU thAya che ane traNa sargamAM sapAdalakSa (ajamera)na, AnnarAje tenA hAthe khAdhelI hAranuM manohara varNana ApeluM che; jyAre ogaNIsamA sargamA kumArapAla Anna (aNaurAja)nI putrI jalhAne pATaNamAM paraNe che ane teno brAhmaNa senApati kAka----zrI munazInI navalakathAomAM amara banelo maMjarIpati kAka----avantinA ballAla para vijaya prApta kare che. svAbhAvika rIte ja ubhayapakSastha bInna aneka rAjAono ullekha ahIM maLe che. Aje paNa gujarAta upara jenI asara che te kumArapAlanI prakhyAta amaritrotrAnuM vizamA sargamAM vistRta varNana ApeluM che. AmalakakAdazI(kAlguna zukla 11)nA vaiSNava parvanA divase traNu-cAra dIna pazuone khATakIne tyAM vecavA kheMcI jatA eka mANasane joI dayArdra banelA te mahArAnae yAbhibhASaNa, paradAragamana, jantuvadha, mAMsabhakSaNa ane madyapAnano niSedha pharamAvyo teTaluM ja nahi, paNa tethI jene nukasAna thAya tema hatuM tevA badhAne traNa traNa varSa cAle teTaluM dhAnya ApyuM jethI potAnI AjJAno kaDaka amala thAya. taduparAnta, eka madhyarAtre koI sundarInuM karuNu rudana sAMbhaLI rAjA te tarak gayo to eka vRkSa sAthe pAza bAMdhI te AtmahatyAnI taiyArI karatI hatI. pRcchA karatAM jaNAyuM ke te yuvatInA putra tema ja pati gujarI javAthI niyama mujaba tenuM saghaLuM dhana rAjAne jaze ane tethI te sAva nirAdhAra thaI jatAM AtmahatyA e ja tenA mATe ekamAtra mArga hato. kRpALu rAnnae tena AzvAsana ApyuM ke " rAkhAyuM teDa" na mItA mahItA '~~~~~ A rAjA tAruM dhana nahIM laI le, nahIM laI le ...ane vinAvilaMbe aputramRtadhana parano rAjyano haka udmavI lIdho. ''. A rIte madhyayugamAM samAjasudhAraNAno navo cIlo pADanAra ane kedAraprasAda tathA somanAthandirano jIrNoddhAra karAvI svapnAdezAnusAra gurjarapura-pATaNa-mAM kumArapAlezvaranI sthApanA karanAra tema ja pArzvanAthanAM caityo baMdhAvanAra lokapriya rAjA kumArapAlane A pramANe AzIrvAda ApI saMskRta yAzraya kAvya puruM thAya che. AyuSmAn bhava bhUpatA 3 i ajaya 3 (:) zAntyA 3 subuddhA 3 yUpI (3) J jiSNA 3 varja tadai 4 ndave jaya ciraM caulukyacUDAmaNe / kSmAnRNyIkaraNAtpravartaya nijaM saMvatsaraM cetyRSi vAghoSatsu sadA nRpaH padavidhiryadvatsamarthobhavat // 10 // rr arthAt--- " he rAjA ! tuM AyuSmAna thA. huM subuddhi ! zAntimAM tuM RSiothI paNa caDhI jA. huM jiSNu ! tuM aliSTa bana. he candravaMzI ! he cAlukyacUDAmaNi cirakAlaparyanta vijayI thA ! ane pRthvIne

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153 traNamukta banAvIne potAno saMvatsara pravartAva"--A pramANe RSio jyAre ghoSaNA karatA (AzIrvacana uccAratA) hatA tyAre rAjA kumArapAla), jema koI paNa pada hamezAM sama-artha--artha sAthe ja yojAya che tema, samartha--zaktisaMpattivALo-thayo." prAkRta dvayAzrayakAvya kumArapAlanI A adhUrI kathA pUrI kare che. prathama pAMca tathA chaThThA sarganA pUrvArdhamAM pATaNanuM, rAjA tathA prajAnI samRddhinuM, mandiro tathA savArInI jAhojalAlInuM ane rAjAnI udAratA tema ja bhakti ityAdinuM varNana maLe che. chaThThA sarganA uttarArdhamAM koMkaNanA mallikArjuna uparanA kumArapAlanA vijaya uparAnta mathurA, cedi, dazArNa, kAnyakunja, magadha, gaDa, sidha, zrInagara, tiliMga, kAMcI vagere uparanI tenI sattA AlekhelI che. chaThThA sargamAM jaMgala(jaMgala)nA rAjAe karelI stuti suNuM sUtelo kumArapAla sAtamAmAM jAgrata thaI kartavyacintana kare che ane ane AThamA sargamAM, tenI vinatithI, mRtadevI sarasvatI dhamopadeza Ape che. uparanA avalokana parathI gujarAtanI ANa keTalA dUra dUranA pradezomAM vartatI hatI teno khyAla Ave che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI bIjI atibaha6 kRti vidizAstrApuruSatimAnA dazamA parvanA cothA sargano bAvanamo zloka kumArapAlanA gujarAtanI zAsanasImAM A pramANe jaNAve che: " sa kauberImAturuSkamaindrImAtridazApagAm / yAmyAmAvindhyamAvAdhi pazcimA sAdhayiSyati // " arthAta - "te (kumArapAla) uttara dizAne tu sImA sudhI, pUrvane gaMgAparyana, dakSiNane vidhyAcaLa sudhI ane pazcima dizAne samudra sudhI sAdhaze-jItaze." ahIM "sAdhathisthati" e bhaviSyakALa vAparelo che tenuM kAraNa e che ke A zloka bhagavAn mahAvIranA mukhamAM bhaviSyavANInA rUpamAM mUkelo che. A saMkSipta avalokana parathI jaNAya che ke evA keTalAka prasaMgo che je anya prabandho tema ja utkIrNa lekho dvArA siddha thaI cUkelA che ane chatAM dayAzraya jevA samakAlIna granthamAM nirdeza paNa pAmatA nathI. te ja pramANe bIjA paNa evA prasaMgo dvayAzrayamAM maLe che-vizeSataH camatkArayukta-jene itihAsa sAthe bahu saMbadha na hoI zake. mULarAjano cAvaDAo sAtheno saMbaMdha, teno zAkarI(ajamera)nA vigraharAjane hAthe thayelo parAbhava, mALavAnA bhoje bhImane ApelI hAra, nAla(nADola)nA aNahIla-ahilane hAthe bhImadevano parAjaya, bhImanA ja samayamAM thayeluM mahamUda gajhanavInuM suprasiddha somanAtha-AkramaNa, mALavA ane zAkasmarInA rAjAoe karelo karNano parAjaya, ane siddharAjanA zAsanakALa daramyAna kumArapALanI vanI rakhaDapaTTI - jevA prasaMgono niraza paNa A kAvyamAM maLato nathI. je vaMzanuM pote utkIrtana kare che tathA je kulanA rAjAnA protsAhanathI grantha racAya che, tene kalaMkarUpa lAgatA prasaMgono samAveza potAnI kRtimAM na karavAne kavino hetu A maunanA mULamAM hoI zake. saMskRta yAzrayakAvyano gujarAtI anuvAda I. sa. 1893mAM prakaTa thayelo. anuvAdaka zrI maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI evo tarka kare che ke mahamUdanA somanAtha AkramaNanI vAta musalamAnoe upajAvI kADhI paNa hoI zake. "bhArata aMgrejI rAja"nA prakhyAta lekhaka paM. sundaralAlajIe paNa evuM anumAna kareluM che. paraMtu evI zaMkA lAvavAnuM koI kAraNa nathI. vi. saM. 1225mAM kumArapAle somanAthanA pAzupatAcArya bhAvabRhaspatinI dekharekha nIce somanAthanA mandirano jINoddhAra karAvelo.

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154 te nimitte AlekhAyelI somanAthanI bhAvabRhaspatinI prazastimAM bhImadeve paththaranuM mandira baMdhAvyuMnuM spaSTa kathana che. pahelAMnuM lAkaDAnuM mandira mahamUdde toDyA pachI A paththaranuM baMdhAvyuM hoya tema kema na ane? mahamUdanA samakAlIna alberunI uparAnta 14mA zatakanA prAraMbhamAM thaI gayelA zrIjinaprabhasUri paNa temanA vividhatIrthatvamAM somanAthakhaMDanano ullekha kare che. A viSayamAM mALavAnA prakhyAta kavi dhanapAlano paNa Teko maLe che evuM munizrI jinavijaya e " jainasAhityasaMzodhaka "nA trIjA granthamAM siddha karyuM che. te ja divasomAM ( 11mI sadInA anta ane 12mInA prAraMbhamAM) thaI gayelA A kavie svaracita satyapuramajunanA zrImahAvIra-utlAmAM mahamUdanA parAkramanI noMdha karI che, je somanAtha-AkramaNane kalpita mAnanArane sacoTa javAbarUpa thaI paDaze : juo teno trIjo ja zloka : bhaje viNu sirimAla desu anu aNahilavADauM caDDAvali sora bhaggu puNu deulavADauM / somesara so tehi bhaggu jaNayaNaANaMdaNu bhaguna siri saccAuri vIru siddhatthadda naMdaNu || ahIM spaSTa rIte kahyuM che ke sirimAla-zrImAla-bhinnamAla, aNahilavADa (pATaNa), caDDAvali- candrAvatI (AbunI taLeTImAM AveluM), sorA, delavADA ane somesaru-somezvara-zrIsomanAtha bhAMgyAM; na bhAMgyuM eka siri saccauri-zrIsatyapurI-sAcora. hemacandrAcArya jevA samartha lekhake AvA khoTA banAvano nirdeza paNa karyo nathI te mATe upara kAraNa ApyuM che. dilhInA rAjA vajadeve bhIma ane bIjA rAjAono sahakAra meLavI, nAsatA mahamUdranA pAchalA lazkarane harAveluM ane thANezvara vagere kabaje karI lIdhelA. yAzrayanA AmA sarganA zloka 40thI 125 sudhI bhIme sindhurAja hamukane harAvelo tenuM vistRta varNana ApeluM che. vrajadevanA sahAyaka anya rAjAonA turuSNavijayanuM kathana utkIrNa lekhomAM maLe che. AthI anumAna thAya che ke yAzrayanuM A varNana te uparanA samUvijayanuM haze. rANakadevI tathA jasamAnA pracalita prasaMgo paNa upara darzAvelA kAraNe ja nahIM ApyA hoya. chatAM mAlavAvijayanuM varNana to che ja, jene utkIrNalekhomAMnA "avantinAya " birudathI Teko maLe che ane siddharAjanA ja vi. saM. 1196nA dohadanA lekhanA spaSTa zabdo che keH " zrI jayasiMhadevo'sti bhUpo gUrjaramaNDale / yena kArAgRhe kSiptasurASTramAlavezvarau // arthAt~ gUrjaramaNDalamAM zrIjayasiMhadeva rAjA che jeNe surASTra (saurASTra) tathA mAlavAnA rAntaone kArAgRhamAM nAkhyA che." vaLI yAzrayanA 15mA sargano 97mo zloka kahe che ke saurASTramAM zatruMjaya parvata pAse teNe siMhapura (zihora) vasAvyuM : " so'tra saupaththa-tAMjAya-sauta nipurovamama | sthAnaM siMhapuraM cakre dvijAnAM maunicittijit // " arthAt " te monicittijita (rAjA)e ahIM (zatruMjaya pAse) sApasthya, sAMkAzya tathA sautaMrgAma nagaro jevA (samRddha) siMhapuranI sthApanA karI." A ja samaye teNe siMhasaMvatsara pravartAvyo haraze.

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155 dvayA. 15. 5mAM bhagavAna somanAthanuM kRpAvacana che keH kRdhyAyAdhunA svargasiyA spaM mA siddhiA " arthAta-"have pRthvIne anRNI karavA mATe (madrA) suvarNasiddhi vaDe tuM (saMvatsara pravartAvanAra) siddhirAja thA." te ja pramANe vaDanagaraprAkAraprazasti (vi. saM. 1208) 11mo zloka paNa kahe che ke "sadyaH siddharasAnRNIkRtajagadgItopamAnasthiti che bInarkidevakRtiH prasiddhastara " arthAta "takALa siddharasa vaDe RNamukta karAyeluM jagata jenI upamAna sthiti gAya che (prazaMse che) tevo zrIjayasiMhadeva rAjA pachI zrIsiddharAja banyo." Aje vadhAre pracalita thayelA tenA "siddharAja" nAma pAchaLa A rahasya che. saurASTramAMnA mAMgaroLano vi. saM. 1202ne utkIrNa lekha siMha saMvata 32 Ape che. bhImadeva bIjAnuM vi. saM. 1264nuM tAmrapatra siMha saM. 93 Ape che. A gaNatarI mujaba vi. saM. 1170thI siMhasaMvatsara zarU thayo gaNAya. itihAsavidonuM mAnavuM che ke A saMvatanuM pravartana siddharAjanA saurASTra-vijayanI smRtimAM thayuM haze. - somezvara (I. sa. 1178-1242)nI dIvamurI tema ja samakAlIna vijayasenasUrinA revantanirirAjumAM paNa siddharAjanA kheMgAra paranA vijayano spaSTa ullekha che. AzApallI gAmanA AzAbhIlane chatI karNadeve kocharaba devInuM mandira, karNasAgara taLAva ane kaNera mahAdevanuM maMdira baMdhAvI karNAvatI zahera vasAveluM te hakIkata paNa dayAzrayamAM jaDatI nathI. A karNAvatImAMthI AjanuM amadAvAda vistaryuM. (vizeSa carcA mATe juoH sva. ratnamaNirAvanuM "gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda ). zAzmarI (ajamera)nA Aja (arAja) paranI jayasiMhanI jIta vinA hemacandranA mana mATe evo lulo bacAva karI zakAya ke pAchaLathI tene siddharAje potAnI putrI kAMcanadevI lacamAM ApelI. bIjA vijayonI mAphaka zAkabharIvijayanuM sUcaka biruda pote dhAraNa karyuM nathI tethI sva. duzakara zAstrI mAne che ke A moTo vijaya nahIM hoya paNa batrIsthApanA haze. chatAM mULarAje AbunA paramAra dharaNavarAhane parAsta karelo tenA anullekha mATe koI kAraNa jaDatuM nathI. ane A eka mahattvanI banAva gaNAya, kemake tyArathI Abupradeza gujarAtanA zAsana nIce Avyo. vaLI vaMzAvali barAbara ApI hovA chatAM kAlakrama to koI sthaLe Apelo nathI. ItihAsanI dRSTie A moTAM dUSaNa lekhAya. paraMtu ApaNe e bhUlavuM na joIe ke hemacandrAcAryano hetu kevaLa ItihAsa AlekhavAno nathI; paNa mahAkAvyanAM lakSaNo lakSamAM rAkhI, te pramANenAM Avazyaka varNano vagere mUkI, potAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamonAM udAharaNa ApatuM mahAkAvya racavAno ane temAM zakya teTalA aitihAsika prasaMgone sAMkaLI levAno ja che. e paNa noMdhavuM joIe ke bahu lAgavagavALA, pratyakSa jonAra tathA rAjaya-daphataro vagere dvArA pUrvanI hakIkata meLavavA zaktimAna evA hemacandrAcArye rajU karelI vigato ativizvasanIya che. camatkAro ane alaMkAro to kAvyamAM hoya ja. viAmanuM anukaraNa karanAra mahattvAkAMkSI siddharAja jAte paNa potAnA viSe yoginIo ityAdinI adbhutarasabharapUra AkhyAyikAo pracalita kare te paNa samajI zakAya tevI vAta che. dayAzrayamAM jene

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156 rAkSasa kahyo che te jilarAja barbaraka te pachI eka ja sikAmAM "bAbaro bhUta" banI jAya che te somezvara (I.sa. 1179-1262)nI kItikomudImAMnA nIcenA uddharaNa parathI spaSTa thazeH "zmazAne yAtudhAnendraM baddhavA barbarakAbhidham / siddharAjeti rAjenduyoM jajJe rAjarAjiSu / " 2038. athAMta-barbaraka nAmanA smazAnamAMnA moTA bhUtane bAMdhIne te rAjacandra rAjAonI paMktimAM siddharAja' banyo." tAmrapatromAM siddharAjane rAtrinuM evuM vizeSaNa lagADAyeluM hovAthI A prasaMga bahu moTo gaNAto hovo joIe. potAnA vi. saM. 1256nA bhAdrapada amAsa vAra maMgaLanA pATaNanA tAmrapatramAM bhImadeva bIje potAne "minesiyAna" kahevarAve che. A pachInAM paNa keTalAMka tAmrapatromAM A biruda maLe che. AthI samajAya che ke mAtra 50 ja varSamAM jayasiMha siddharAja caulukyavaMzano anukaraNIya Adarza rAjA gaNAvA lAgelo. A kAvyamAM varNavelA mULarAjanA saurASTravijaya tathA tenA ja zAsanakALa daramyAna cAmuMDarAjanA lATavijayane rava durgAzaMkara zAstrI kapita mAne che; paraMtu sva. rAcu modIe Ano sacoTa uttara Apelo che. mULarAja pachI bhImadeva sudhI koIe saurASTra para AkramaNa karyAnuM kathana maLatuM nathI; jyAre somanAthanI bhAvabahaspatinI prazastimAM paNa bhImadeve somanAthanuM paththaranuM mandira baMdhAvyAno spaSTa ulalekha che, te ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA. te ja rIte cAmuNyarAjathI karNadeva sudhInA koI gurjarezvare lATa tyAnuM sUcana kyAMya maLatuM nathI; jyAre karNanuM vi. saM. 1131nuM navasArInuM tAmrapatra tenI lATa paranI sattAnuM sUcaka che. AthI A prasaMgone satya mAnavA paDe che. upara utArelA saMskRta dvayAzrayanA chellA zlokamAM RSio caulukyacUDAmaNi rAjA kumArapAlane pRthvIne anRNI karI ravIya saMvatsara-pravartana mATe Adeza - AzIrvAda Ape che. vikistrApurathatinA 10mA parvanA 12mA sarganA 77mA zlokamAM zrI mahAvIrasvAmInA mukhamAM mUkelI bhaviSyavANI paNa kahe che ke : "dAyaM dAyaM draviNAni viracayyA'nRNaM jagat / aGkayiSyati medinyAM sa saMvatsaramAtmanaH // " arthAta - "te (kumArapAla) dravya ApI ApIne jagatane RNamukta karIne pRthvI upara nija saMvatsara AMkaze - pravatavaze." "zrI jaina satyaprakAza"nA 93mA aMkamAM munizrI puNyavijayajIe zatruMjayanI caumukhajInI dUkanA mULa mandiranA daravAjAnI DAbI bAjunI eka dhAtupratimA uparano lekha prakAzita karelo, jemAM "zrIlimakumAra saM : " ApelI che. hemacandrAcAryanA potAnA "miSAnajillAnA" kozamAM eka sthaLe (6. 171) saMvat'no artha samajAvatAM kahyuM che keH " yathA vikramasaMvat siddhahemakumArasaMvat" AthI vizeSa prakAza A viSaya para adyaparyata paDyo nathI, paraMtu kumArapAlanI nUtana saMvatsara pravartAvavAnI tIvra icchA phaLIbhUta thaI haze, jene pariNAme siddharAja, hemacandrAcArya ane kumArapAla e traNe vibhUtionAM nAmathI aMkita A saMvatsara zarU thayo haze.

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157 TUMkamAM, yAyamAM Avelo koI aitihAsika prasaMga upAvI kADhelo - kalpita nathI. UlaTuM, anya prabandho uparAnta puSkaLa utkIrNa lekho ane tAmrapatroe hemacandre ApelI hakIkatane puSTi ApelI che. caulukayonI yAzrayamAMnI vaMzAvali paNa A lekhomAM te ja kramamAM jovA maLe che. ane aitihAsika prasaMgono nirdeza yAtrayakAvyamAM nathI karAyo, temAMnA keTalAka mATe kadAca maukhika AkhyAyikAo uparAnta vizeSa sabaLa purAvA maLyA na paNa hoya. ne temaja hoya, to te kavinI sAgatti ja sUcave che. sva. rA. cu. modI kahe che tema, zrI hemAcArye A kAvyamAM purAvA vinAnI vigato tyajIne tathA kevaLa AkhyAyikAone vinA saMzodhane nahi svIkAratAM, eka sAcA itihAsakArane zobhe tema, yogya tulanApUrvaka aitihAsika prasaMgone saMgrahyA che. dA. ta. mALavA para caDhelA vallabharAjane mArgamAM ja mRtyu pAmelo na varNavatAM mALavA para vijaya meLavI pAcho Avato cItarI kavi kAvyane opa paNa ApI zakata, parantu hakIkatane pheravavAnuM A saMyamI AcAryane rucyuM nathI. jyAre jayasiMhasUri(I. sa. 1366)e to potAnA kumArapA~timAM cAmuNDarAjanA hAthe mAlavapati sindhurAjane haNAvyo che ! AvI jhINI bAbato paNa tyAzrayamahAAvyanuM mahattva vadhAre che. tatkAlIna gujarAtanI samAjasthiti tathA saMskRti upara paNa A kAvya dhaNo prakAza pADe che, je eka svataMtra nibandha mAgI le che. A sarvatomukhI avalokanathI pratIti thAya che ke bhAratanA sAMskRtika ane rAjakIya itihAsanA sAhityamAM A kAvyanuM sthAna bahu UMcuM raheze. kharekhara, gujarAtanA be sauthI vadhAre prabhAvazALI mahArAntadhirAjo upara parama prabhAva pADanAra AcArya zrIhemacandrane gujarAtanA prathama itihAsakAra gaNavAmAM ane dayAzrayamadvAkAvyane gujarAtanA prathama itihAsakAvya tarIke navAjavAmAM leza paNa artazayokti nathI.

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bandha: The inflow of the karma leads to Bandha (Bondage). Acarya Kunda Kunda points out that impure self attracts the karmic matter on account of yoga, desire, hate and delusion etc. Bandha is the association of karmic matters with soul. Bandha may be considered as of two types: 1) Dravya Bandha and 2) Bhava Bandha. Dravya Bandha is the bondage that is due to the influx of karmic particles into the soul. Bhava Bandha refers to the psychic states that leads to the involvement in this wheel of life.2 Jaina text3 enumerates the 5 causes of bondage: BANDHA-KARMA-MOKSA AND DIVINITY IN JAINISM 2. * Dr. Mukul Raj Mehta* mithyadarsana-perversity of vision or wrong faith. avirati-lack of renunciation. 1. Mithyatva- It consists in reverse or contrary belief and lack of metaphysical knowledge. Due to wrong belief, a person considers non-living as living matter and exposes his belief in pseudo deities (ku-deva), pseudo-religion (ku-dharma), pseudo saints (ku-guru) and public follies (loka-mudhata). Avirati-Vowlessness means lack of control over five senses and pramada- spiritual inertia or carelessness. kasaya- passions, and yoga-psyche-physical vibrations. Research Scientist 'B', Deptt. of Philosophy & Religion, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-211 055

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159 3. mind. One wants to enjoy sensual pleasures and has no inclination towards renunciation. Pramada- Negligence is the lack of enthusiasm towards the spiritual progress. Kasaya-Passions are the root cause of misery, pain and agony to Jiva. They are cause of transmigration. Sayyambhava Suri said 'The uncontrolled passions keep the root of transmigration fresh and due to them it cannot dry.4 5. Yoga- The vibrations caused in atmapradesas, due to mental, vocal and bodily movements, is called a yoga. According to Jaina philosophy, Jiva can attain nirvana (salvation) only after the destruction of karmic filth with the yogic practice movements. Bandha is of four kinds, the prakrti Bandha (nature), the sthiti Bandha (duration), the anubhaga Bandha (intensity) and the pradesa Bandha (mass). The praksti and pradesa bondage (Bandha) result from the activities of thought, speech and body, while the sthiti and anubhaga Bondage result from the conditions of attachment and aversion. Bandha depends upon asrava which is the cause. Thus, asrava and bandha are correlated as cause and effect. We have seen that the karma is the hindrance in the path of liberation. Now we shall discuss about karma. Karma : Impediments to Divinity The word karma is derived from the root Kl which means to act, to make, to do, a deed or action. Any action, either physical or mental is called karma. Dr. H.V. Glasenapp observes that karma does not here mean "deed, work" nor visible mystical force (adrsta), but a complexus of very fine matter, imperceptible to the senses, which enters into the soul and causes great changes in it. The karma, then, is some thing material (karmapudgalam), which produces in the soul certain conditions, even as a medical pill which, when introduced into the body, produces therein manifold effects.'

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160 Karma in Hinduism & Buddhism Karma has an important place even in Hinduism. The word karma occurs in Rgveda at many places; in some passages it means "exploits"; in some other passages it means religious work, such as Yajna, sacrifice. In the Atharva Veda, karma refers to good works (Sukstani). Further, the word karma in the Satapatha Brahmana seems to refer to the idea of retribution. We observe in Chandogya Upanisad that the persons having good karma will get good birth, comfortable life and pleasure and those possessing bad karmas will get evil birth discomfortable life and misery. 10 Karma survives after the death. 11 In Buddhism the concept of karma was advanced to explain the origin and causes of suffering. The beings are described as inheritors of their karma; karma makes their destiny; karma is their friend and karma is their shelter. 12 Further we observe in the Visuddhimagga, "A mere phenomenon it is a thing conditioned which rises in the following existence. But not from previous life does is transmigrate there, and yet it cannot rise without a previous cause."13 Karina is Jainism The karmic matter envelops the soul but does not destroy the real nature of the soul i.e. Divinity. The karmic bondage is subtle, yet material in nature. These particles vitiate the purity of soul which is called karmavargana. Jiva attracts karma - vargana by the activity namely body, speech and mind. The karmic encrustation with the jiva is due to the activities and these activities are inturn specified by the karmic encrustations. Thus, the karmic particles of encrustations and the yoga of the jiva are mutually interactive. Karma and the tendency to activity are intimately related with each other with the mutually casual relation.14 The law of karma is based upon the principle of casuality. It is worth while to note the observations of C.R. Jain. 15 "The law which regulates the action of karmas is based upon the

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principle of cause and effect, so that the saying - 'as one sows as must he reap', presents the whole doctrine in a nutshell. Every action, whether mental or physical, is a sowing of the 'seed' or in the technical language of the Hindu Philosophy, an engendering of karma. In the act of sowing the seed, or engendering the karma, the soul has the choice of acting or refraining from action, but when once the seed is sown or karma engendered, its freedom is replaced by an inevitable liability to bear its consequences. The harvest which is sown must be reaped, gathered and assimilated in its unabated fullness. That is what constitutes the bondage of the soul. Karma, therefore, is a kind of force which compels the soul to bear the consequences of its right or wrong actions, and this force originates in the very action itself which is performed by the soul and the very moment of its performance." The Dravya karma is nothing but the particles of karmic matter. It is material in nature and enters into the self. The psychical karma is mostly the thought activity of mind. The psychical effects and states produced by the association of physical karma are known as psychical. They are mutually interactive from beginningless time. 16 The physical karma (Dravya karma) and the psychical karma (Bhava karma) are mutually related to each other as cause and effects. 17 The Relation of Divine and Karma The Divine soul is immaterial and karma is material in nature. The empirical soul is involved in the wheel of transmigration from the beginningless time. In the Karma grantha, we observe "As heat can unite with iron and water with milk, so karma unites with the self." 18 In Tattvarthasara it is stated that the mundane self is obscured by karmic matter from the beginningless time, and on accout of its bondage with the karmas, the self is united like the gold and silver when melted together, to become one mixture. 19 Though the soul is pure and potentially Divine yet it becomes subject to the karmic matters. Karma covers the self as the cloud covers the light of the sun.

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162 Jiva in bondage get the encrustation of karma more and more dhe to mohaniya karma.20 Mohaniya karma is a karma which hinders the right belief. In Bhagavati Sutra, we observe that jiva suffers and misery is involved to suffer more misery, but the jiva free from attachment aversion and misery does not experience misery. The sorrows afflict those jivas which suffer from sorrow, through passion and the increase of misery. The souls that are free from misery do not attract sorrow.21 Technology of karma Karma in the soul can be contemplated from four points of view:22 1. According to the manner of their effect (praksti), 2. According to the duration of their effect (Sthiti), 3. According to the intensity of their effect (rasa), and 4. According to their quantity, i.e. according to the number of their pradesas. Nature (manner) of karma23 (prakrti): There are 8 fundamental (mulprakrti) karmas. Jnanavaraniya - karma, the karma which obscures knowledge. 2. Darsanavaraniya- karma, the karma which obscures the cognition or intuition. Vedaniya - karma, the karma which produces the feeling of joy and grief 4. Mohaniya - karma, the karma which obstructs belief and conduct. Ayus-karma, the karma which determines the duration of life Nama- karma, the karma which gives the various favours of individuality. 7. Gotra-karma, the karma which destines family surrounding i 8. Antaraya- karma, the karma which hinders the jiva in his

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capability of resolution and enjoyment. Out of these eight karmas - Jnanavaraniya, Darsanavaraniya, Mohaniya and Antaraya karma are the ghati karmas, because they obscure the inherent nature and capability of the soul.24 Vedaniya, Ayu, Nama and Gotra karmas are aghati karmas25 because they neither affect the original capacity of the soul nor do they obscure the capacity. As soon as the four ghati karmas are destroyed one can attain the stage of Arihant Divinity 26 Siddhahood is attained only after destructing both the Ghati and Aghati karmas, where upon all the karmas are annihilated.27 Ghati karmas are of two kinds 28 viz, Sarvaghati karma (completely obscuring karma) and Desaghti karma (partially obscuring karma). The aforesaid mulprakrtis can be further divided into 158 Uttaraprakrtis in Satta (Existance).29 Jnanavarniya- Karma - Divided into 5 types:30 Mati - jnanavarna Karma which causes the obscuration of knowledge transmitted through the senses I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. 1. 163 Sruta- jnanavarna krma which produces the obscuration of knowledge acquired by scripture, etc. Avadhi- jnanavarana karma which hinders transcendental knowledge of material things Manahparyaya- jnanavarana karma which transcendental knowledge of the thoughts of others Kevala- jnanavarana karma which obscures the omniscience inherent in the jiva by natural disposition hinders Darsanavaraniya Karma: It is divided into nine types31 corresponding to the four types of perception and five kinds of sleep, viz. Caksudarsanavaraniya which covers the eye perception.

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164 o 2. Acaksudarsanavaraniya which veils non-eye intuition wie 3. Avadhidarsanavaraniya which produces the hindrance of transcendental undifferentiated cognition of material things. Kevala darsanavaraniya which covers the pure and perfect intuition. Nidra produces light and easy sleep. Nidra-nidra creates deep slumber with difficulty in awakening. Pracala causes a sleep while sitting or standing. It is a form of stupor. Pracala pracala given intensive sleep while sitting, standing or walking. We may consider this as somnambulistic. Styanarddhi induces deep sleep while walking and doing some superhuman deeds. It may be referred to hypnotic form of sleep. III. Vedaniya Karma : The Vedaniya karma causes the feeling of pain and pleasure. It has, therefore, two sub-species: 32 1. Sata- Vedaniya karma which causes a feeling of pleasure. 2. Asata- Vedaniya karma which causes the feeling of pain. IV. Mohaniya Karma Mohaniya karmaover powers right faith and conduct.33 It has two main divisions: a) darsana mohaniya (faith obscuring) and b) caritra mohaniya (conduct deluding). 34 a. Darsana- mohaniya is further sub-divided35 into: 1. mithyatva - mohaniya (wrong belief) samyaktva - mohaniya (right belief) 3. misra - mohaniya (mixed belief) b. Caritra-mohaniya is further divided into 16 passions 36 (kasaya), six quasi passions37 (no kasayas) and three38 sexs (veda), totalling the number to twenty five which are

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1. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 13. 15. 17. Laughing & joking 19. Pre-judicial disliking 21. 23. 24. 25. V. 1. 2. 3. 4. Intense anger Mild anger Intense pride Mild pride Intense deceit Mild deceit Intense greed Mild greed 2. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 22. deva ayus, the celestial ayus. manusya-ayus, the human ayus. tiryag-ayus, the animal ayus. naraka - ayus, the infernal ayus. Less intense anger Still milder anger Less intense pride Still milder pride Less intense deceit Still milder deceit Less intense greed Still milder greed Pre-judicial liking Sorrow (soka) Disgust (jugupsa) Fear (bhaya) The male sex desire (purusaveda) The female sex desire (strveda) The nueter sex desire (napumsakaveda) Ayus-Karma: It determines the age of an individual jiva in the four states of existence. It is of four types: 39 VI. Nama Karma It is divided into one hundred three Uttarprakrtis40 comprised in four groups: 1. 2. 3. Pinda - prakrtis (collective types) Pratyeka - prakrtis (individual types) Trasadasaka (self-movable bodies) Sthavara - dasaka (immovable bodies). VII. Gotra Karma: It is of two types:41 4. 1. 165 The karma that bestows the individual with superior family surroundings; The karma that determines the individual of low family surroundings.

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166 VIII. Antaraya-Karma : The antaraya- karma hinders the energy (Virya) of the Jiva in a five fold42 manner. 1. Dana - antaraya karma hinders dispensing alms. Labha - antaraya karma hinders receiving gain or profit. 3. Bhoga - antaraya karma hinders the enjoyment of something which can only be taken once such as eating and drinking. Upabhoga - antaraya karma hinders the enjoyment of something which can be repeatedly used such as a dwelling, clothing, women. 5. Virya - antaraya karma hinders the will power. When it operates, even a strong, full grown man is incapable of bending a blade of grass. C. Moksa (Supreme Divinity) When all the Karmic particles are removed and the soul is free from Karma, it moves upward to the end of the Lokakasa and remains in its pure form in the siddhaloka, at the end of the Lokakasa. It (soul) does not move further because there is the absence of the Dharmastikaya in Aloka akasa. This state of perfection the end of Lokakas is called Moksa. The destruction of the inimical forces (karmas) lead to acquisitions of all its Divine natural powers. 43 That modification of soul wich is the cause of the total destruction of karmas is known as Bhava- Moksa and the actual separation of the karmic matter from the soul is called Dravya-Moksa. After attaining this stage, the soul is never bound again.44 Umaswati (Umaswanny) observes that a self attains Kevala Jnana (Omniscience) when first its Mohaniya and then its Jnana and Darsana Avaraniyas and the Antaraya karmas (the Ghati karmas) are destroyed. After attaining Kevala Jnana, the cause producing bondage being absent and Nirjara being present, a person becomes free from the remaining karmas, viz. Vedaniya, Ayu, Nama, and Gotra karmas, and thus being

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167 void of all kinds of karma it attains liberation, the Divnity.45 The efforts for the attainment of Moksa are possible only for human beings in the karmabhumi. Even the Gods in heaven have to be reborn as human beings, if they have to strive for the attainment of Moksa. The Jaina conception of Moksa does not obliterate the individuality of each soul. It is neither merged nor is identical with anything higher than itself. Its individuality is not lost. There is a permanent personality of the soul even in the state of perfection, Divinity. It is attained through Right Intuition, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct (the Three Jewels of Jainism). A soul in Moksa is devoid of rebirth, attachment, aversion, pleasure, pain, misery, sufferings etc., and attains eternal bliss which is ultimate Divinity. Keferences 1. Samayasara 117. 2. Dravyasamgraha 32. 3. Sthananga Sutra 5.2.109; Samavayanga Sutra, 5; Tattvartha Sutra, VIII.1. Dasavaikalika, 8. 5. Dravyasamgraha 33. Ibid. Glassenapp, H.V., Doctrine of karman in Jaina philosophy, p.3. Atharvaveda XVIII.3.71 9. Satapatha Brahmana, XII.9.1.1. 10. Chandogya Upanisad, V.10.7-8 11. Bihadaranyka Upanisad, IV.4.3 12. Majhima Nikaya (PTS edition), Vol. III, p. 203. #3. Visuddhimagga, XVII.161. 14. Karma praksti, Nemichandracaryaviracita 6. o

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168 15. C.R. Jain, The key of knowledge, pp. 876-77. 16. Acarya Devendramuni, Dharma our Dharsana, p. 170. 17. Astasahasri commentry on Aptamimamsa, p. 51. 18. Karmagrantha, Vol. I, p. 2. Amrtacentra's Tattvarthasara, 16-18 Pannavana Sutta, 23.1.292 19. 20. 21. Bhagvati Sutra, 7.1.266. 22. Glasenapp, H.V., Doctrine of karma in Jaina Philosophy. p. 5. Karmagrantha 1.3; Uttaradhayayana Sutra XXXIII.2-3: Tattvartha Sutra, 8.5.p. 303. 23. 24. Pancadhyayi, 2,998; Gommatsara- Karmakanda 9. 25. Pancadhyayi, 2,999; Gommatasara- Karmakanda 9. 26. Dravyasamgraha 50. 27. Tattvartha Sutra, 10.2 & 3; Dravyasamgraha51; Sarvarthasiddhi. 10.2 28. Sthananga Sutra, 2.4 29. Karma Granth, 1-2. 30. Uttradhyayana Sutra XXXIII.4: Sthananga Sutra, 5.3.218: Tattvartha Sutra, 1.9 & 8.7; Nandi Sutra- jnana 1. 31. Sthananga Sutra, 9.14; Uttaradhyayana Sutra XXXIII 5 & 6: Tattvartha Sutra, 8.8; Karmagrantha, 1.10: Sarvarthasiddhi, 8.7. 32. Uttaradhyayana Sutra, XXXVIII.7; GommatasaraKarmakanda, 1.12 & 13, p. 65,66; Tattvartha Sutra, 8.9. 33. Tattvartha Sutra, 8.10; Sarvarthasiddhi, 8.9; Karma Kanda. 14.22. 34. Uttaradhyayana Sutra, XXXIII 8, Karma Kanda, 1.13. 35. Pannavanam Suttam Part III; karmabandha 23: Karma kanda, 1.14. 36. Uttradhyayana Sutra, XXXIII.11.p. 411; Karma kanda. 1.17.

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169 (passions are anger, pride, deceit, greed, Each of them has 4 different levels of intensity. 1. anantanubandhi (intense) 2. apratyakhyanavarana (less intense), 3. pratyakhyanavarana (mild), 4. Samjvalana (still milder). 37. Karma grantha, 1.23 38. Ibid 39. Karma grantha 1.23, Tattvartha Sutra, 8.11; Gommatasara karmakanda, 11. 40. Karmagrantha, 1,23 to 51; Tattvartha Sutra 8.12, Sthananga Sutra 2.4; Gommatasara- karma kanda 22. 41. Karmagrantha, 1.52, Tattvartha Sutra, 8.13. 42. Karmagrantha 1.52; Tattvartha Sutra, 8.14. 43. Jain, C.R., Confluence of opposite. p. 95. 44. Dravyasamgraha, 37. 45. Tattvartha Sutra, 1-3,p. 365; Dravyasamgraha 44, p. 107.

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vidyApITha ke parisara meM pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina ke julAI 1997I0 meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada se sevAnivRtta hone ke bAda lagabhaga 2 varSa taka saMsthAna meM nidezaka kA pada rikta thaa| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI isa avadhi meM saMsthA meM samaya-samaya para padhArakara yahAM kI gatividhiyoM ko saMcAlita rakhane meM apanA yogadAna avazya dete rhe| unake pazcAt DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' prophesara evaM nidezaka pada para niyukta hue aura unhoMne 16 julAI 1999 se apanA kAryabhAra grahaNa kara liyaa| ___yaha sacita karate hae harSa ho rahA hai ki unake Agamana se vidyApITha meM eka naI cetanA AyI aura aneka gatividhiyA~ prArambha huIM, jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. haMsarAja narottama vyAkhyAnamAlA : haMsarAja narottama pAramArthika phaNDa ke anudAna se saMcAlita haMsarAja narottama vyAkhyAnamAlA julAI mAha se puna: prArambha kI gyii| isake antargata sAptAhika, pAkSika aura mAsika vyAkhyAnamAlAyeM saMyojita karane kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| sAptAhika vyAkhyAnamAlAoM meM saMsthAna ke hI adhyApakoM aura zodha-chAtroM dvArA pratyeka saptAha eka athavA do zodhapatroM ko prastuta karane kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| zeSa pAkSika aura mAsika vyAkhyAnamAlA ke antargata vividha viSayoM para sammAnita vidvAnoM dvArA vyAkhyAna Ayojita karane kA upakrama nirdhArita huaa| (1) sAptAhika vyAkhyAnamAlA : isake antargata 20 agasta ko Jaina Kosa Literature nAmaka viSaya para vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha ne apanA zodhapatra prastuta kiyaa| sitambara mAha meM tIna vyAkhyAna prastuta kiye gaye, jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - 2 sitambara; viSaya- sAdar3I se prApta pArzvanAtha kI paJcatIrthI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha meM ullikhita hematilakasUri kauna?; vaktA - DaoN0 ziva prasAda 15 sitambara; viSaya- jaina sAhitya meM nikSepa siddhAnta; vaktA- DaoN0 zrIprakAza paannddey| 24 sitambara; viSaya-jainaparamparA meM prApta aneka saMdhAna kAvya vaktA- DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha akTUbara mAha meM bhI tIna vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiye gaye -- 8 akTUbara; viSaya- jaina kathA sAhitya ke bheda-prabheda, vaktR - suzrI arcanA zrIvAstava

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171 25 akTUbara; viSaya- sthAnakavAsI jaina samAja ke udbhava kI pRSThabhUmiH vaktA- DaoN0 vijayakumAra jaina chanda paramparA aura jaina chanda sAhitya; vaktR-suzrI madhulikA siMha 29 akTUbara; viSaya- AcArya tulasI- hindI gadya sAhitya : eka mUlyAMkana; vaktR-- DaoN0 sudhA jaina titthogAlI meM bhASA vaividhya; vaktA- zrI atula kumAra prasAda siMha 24 disambara; viSaya- jaina campUkAvya, vaktA- DaoN0 maNinAtha mizra (2) pAkSika vyAkhyAnamAlA : isake antargata agasta aura akTUbara mAha meM eka-eka vyAkhyAna prastuta kiye gaye - 27 agasta; viSaya- jainadharma ke caturvidha saMghoM kI pArasparika sahabhAgitA; vaktA- DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha 4 akTUbara; viSaya- kannar3a jaina sAhitya; vaktA- pro0 esa0DI0 vasantarAja 11 akTUbara; viSaya- mAnava jIvana azAnta kyoM; vaktR- zramaNI ujjavala prajJA jii| (3) mAsika vyAkhyAnamAlA : isake antargata nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiye gaye - 30 agasta; viSaya- saMskRta sAhitya meM kalA ke tattva; vaktA- pro0 AnandakRSNa 21 sitambara; viSaya- prArambhika jaina mUrtiyA~; vaktA- pro0 rameza candra zarmA 6 akTUbara; viSaya- vaidika sAhitya meM jaina tattva; vaktA- pro0 satyapAla naarNg| 4 navambara; viSaya- jaina darzana aura usakI 21vIM zatI meM upAdeyatA vaktA- pro0esa0Ara0bhaTTa 30navambara; viSaya - pUrvottara bhArata meM prArambhika jaina dharma kA itihAsa, vaktA- pro0bI0ena0 mukarjI . pUrvAJcala vizvavidyAlaya se sambaddhatA kI prakriyA prArambha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se zodhakArya hetu sambaddha hai jisake antargata kevala vahIM ke chAtra hI yahAM zodhakArya kara sakate haiN| isa bAdhA ko dUra karane

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172 ke liye saMsthAna ne pUrvAJcala vizvavidyAlaya, jaunapura se mAnyatA prApta karane ke liye Avedanapatra prastuta kiyA hai| vizvAsa hai, yathAzIghra isake liye anumati prApta ho jaayegii| jaise hI anumati prApta hotI hai, saMsthAna katipaya viSayoM meM snAtakottara pAThyakrama bhI Ayojita kara skegaa| - isI taraha jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanaM se bhI sambaddhatA prApta karane ke liye Avedanapatra prastuta kiyA gayA hai, parantu abhI taka vahA~ se koI pratyuttara prApta nahIM huA hai| anudAna prApti hetu Avedana saMsthAna ne uccatara evaM takanIkI zikSA vibhAga, uttara pradeza zAsana se apanI zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM ko mUrtarUpa dene ke liye anudAna prApti hetu Avedana prastuta kiyA hai aura isI prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna nAmaka mahattvapUrNa viSaya para eka rASTrIya saMgoSThI Ayojita karane kA bhI prastAva bhejA hai| anya sAmAjika-dhArmika gatividhiyA~ 4 sitambara ko saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' kA pharIdAbAda meM DaoN0 suvratamuni kI adhyakSatA meM adhyAtmavAda para vyAkhyAna huaa| 8 sitambara ko unhoMne nAgapura meM cAturmAsArtha virAjita AcArya zrI rAjayazasUri jI mahArAja se bheMTa kara unheM saMsthAna ke pragati kI jAnakArI pradAna kii| 3 akTUbara ko nidezaka mahodaya kI adhyakSatA meM zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI dvArA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha digambara janmabhUmi mandira parisara meM pro0 esa0DI0 vasantarAja kA dvitIya vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isI mandira parisara meM hI vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kI vAcanA ke avasara para unakA eka vyAkhyAna huaa| 4 aura 6 akTUbara ko vidyApITha parisara meM jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti ke prakANDa vidvAn sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina janma zatAbdI samAroha ke avasara para pro0 esa0DI0 vasantarAja, pUrva adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA vibhAga, maisUra va madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya aura pro0 satyapAla nAraMga, adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke vyAkhyAna hue|24 akTUbara ko nidezaka mahodaya ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha zvetAmbara janmabhUmi mandira parisara meM Ayojita jaina milana kI baiThaka meM bhAga liyA aura vahA~ ke bhUmipUjana samAroha meM bhI sammilita hue| 2 navambara se 4 navambara taka yahA~ kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI meM International Seminar on Buddhism kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| saMsthAna ke nidezaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina ko usakI salAhakAra samiti meM bhI samAyojita kiyA

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173 gyaa| DaoN0 jaina ne isa saMgoSThI meM The concept of Reality in Jainism and Buddhism viSaya para apanA zodhapatra prastuta kiyA aura eka satra kI adhyakSatA bhI kii| snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya gAjIpura meM pUrvAJcala meM ucca zikSA kA saMkaTa viSaya para eka saGgoSThI huI jisameM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina aura variSTha prAdhyApaka DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha ne bhAga liyaa| isI taraha maitrI bhavana, vArANasI aura indirA gAMdhI kalA kendra, vArANasI meM pro0jaina kA bhAvabhInA svAgata kiyA gayA aura vahA~ unake bhASaNa bhI hue| pro0 rimapoche kI SaSThI pUrti ke avasara para saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 jaina ne sAranAtha meM Ayojita samAroha meM saMsthAna kI ora se unakA svAgata kiyaa| paySaNaparva ke zubha avasara para bhelUpura evaM rAmaghATa ke zvetAmbara jaina mandira parisara meM vidyApITha ke pravaktA DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina evaM DaoN0 sudhA jaina ne apanI sevAyeM arpita kI aura isa avasara para Ayojita samasta kAryakramoM meM sakriya bhAga liyaa| terApaMthI samAja, vArANasI ke tattvAvadhAna evaM samaNI ujjavala prajJA jI ke sAnidhya meM dinAMka 10 evaM 11 akTUbara ko ina donoM logoM ne 'sukhamaya jIvana kaise jIyeM' aura 'terApaMtha kI utpatti' para apanA sAragarbhita vyAkhyAna prastuta kiyaa| atithi Agamana- vidyApITha meM pichale dinoM haMgarI ke mi0 phrAMsisa, DenamArka ke mi0 sAimana, amerikA ke mi0 paoNla Adi videzI vidvAnoM kA padArpaNa haa| nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ne unheM vidyApITha dvArA jaina vidyA ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM kiye gaye yogadAna, vartamAna zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM evaM bhAvI yojanAoM kI vistRta jAnakArI pradAna kii| zrIlaMkA ke rAjadUta pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM- vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ke AmantraNa para dinAMka 25 navambara ko dina meM 11 baje zrIlaMkA ke uccAyukta mahAmahima zrI maMgalamUna siMghe sapatnIka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha padhAre, jahA~ nidezaka mahodaya tathA saMsthAna ke variSTha adhikAriyoM ne unakI AgavAnI kii| uccAyukta mahodaya ne sarvaprathama yahA~ ke saMgrahAlaya kA nirIkSaNa kiyA usake pazcAt vidyApITha ke bhavya sabhAgAra meM mAlyArpaNa, pratIka cihna tathA navIna prakAzanoM ko unheM bheMTakara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| apane vaktavya meM pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ne mAnanIya atithi mahodaya ko vidyApITha kI zaikSaNika evaM zodhAtmaka gatividhiyoM kI vistRta jAnakArI dii| uccAyukta mahodaya ne yahA~ kI gatividhiyoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI tathA vidyApITha kI zodha kI pariyojanAoM meM zrIlaMkA sarakAra ke sahayoga kA prastAva bhI rkhaa| isa avasara para suprasiddha vidvAn zrI krAMtikumAra jI, unakI dharmapatnI, zrI zvetAmbara pArzvanAtha janmabhUmi mandira ke adhyakSa kuMvara vijayAnanda siMha Adi bhI upasthita the|

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174 kAryakrama kA saMcAlana vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha ne kiyA aura anta meM kuMvara vijayAnanda jI ne zrI evaM zrImatI manasiMghe ke prati AbhAra prakaTa kiyaa| disambara mAha zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM se bharA rhaa| prArambha meM 5 se 7 disambara taka bhArata-cIna sambandhoM para saMsthAna parisara meM eka tridivasIya antarrASTrIya saGgoSThI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke darzana vibhAga aura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM huii| isa saGgoSThI meM pro0 jArja maiklIna ke netRttva meM 11 cInI vidvAnoM kA pratinidhi maNDala yahA~ AyA aura sthAnIya vidvAnoM ke sAtha sAMskRtika sambandhoM para usane gahana vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| saGgoSThI ke prathama dina lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga ke pUrva adhyakSa prophesara kiraNa kumAra thApaliyAla; kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrva kalA saGkAyAdhyakSa pro0 ena0esa0ramana tathA cIna ke pro0 lyU phelAMga ne apane zodhapatra pddh'e| kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke darzana vibhAgAdhyakSa pro0 revatI ramaNa pANDeya ne svAgata bhASaNa kiyaa| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha tathA dhanyavAda jJApana nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina ne kiyaa| isI taraha dUsare aura tIsare dina bhI saGgoSThI meM vibhinna zodhapatra prastuta kiye gye| isI zRGkhalA meM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina ne bhI apanA zodha-patra Philosophical Relation between India & China prastuta kiyaa| cInI vidvAnoM ne saMsthAna kI samasta gatividhiyoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI aura bhaviSya meM usase samparka banAye rakhane kI AkAMkSA vyakta kii| M [ HI aaivities paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI ko zrIphala bheMTa karate hue saMsthAna ke nidezaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' evaM samIpastha DaoN0 vasantarAjan, DaoN0 udayacanda jaina evaM DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina

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175 Sunaulod ASTHAN R - abhinandana kA uttara dete hue paNDita amRtalAla jI zAstrI, sAtha meM baiThe hue DaoN0 vasantarAjan, DaoN0 udayacanda jaina, DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina Adi isake pUrva vArANasI kI navodita saMsthA jJAnapravAha bhI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se judd'aa| jJAnapravAha dvArA Ayojita 21 divasIya 'prAcIna bhAratIya lipi zikSaNa zivira' dinAMka 24 navambara se prArambha huA jo 12 disambara taka claa| isameM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina, variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN0 zivaprasAda evaM zodhachAtroM-- zrI atula kumAra prasAda siMha, suzrI madhulikA siMha, suzrI satyabhAmA siMha aura gItA pANDeya ne bhAga liyaa| maisUra, cennaI Adi sthAnoM se padhAre zivirArthiyoM ke AvAsa-nivAsa Adi kI vyavasthA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM hI rhii| isI mAha vArANasI meM 16veM antarrASTrIya rAmAyaNa sammelana kI cahala-pahala rhii| AcAryakula ke saciva zrI zarada kumAra sAdhaka isake saMyojakoM meM eka the aura nagara kI vibhinna zaikSaNika saMsthAoM kA bhI unheM bharapUra sahayoga rhaa| isI krama meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha bhI pIche nahIM rhaa| dinAMka 21 disambara ko sAyaMkAla sammelana ke pratinidhiyoM ke bheMTa kA bhI kAryakrama saMsthAna meM rakhA gyaa| saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 jaina kA eka zodhapatra The Story of Ram in Jaina Tradition bhI par3hA gayA jisa para aneka vidvAnoM ne gambhIra jijJAsAyeM prastuta kii| isI mAha saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 jaina indaura aura ahamadAbAda bhI gaye jahA~ unhoMne pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se anya jaina saMsthAnoM ko sakriya rUpa se jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyaa| Naveen Self Devlope Institute ahamadAbAda ne usase sambandha sthApita kiyA aura indaura meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke svatantra parisara ke rUpa meM gatividhiyoM ke saMcAlana kI prakriyA prArambha huii|

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176 Com 3 ) navIna prakAzana pichale do varSoM se saMsthAna meM koI nidezaka na hone se prakAzana kI gati kucha manda ho gayI thI jo nidezaka mahodaya ke Ane se puna: gatimAna ho gyii| aba taka nimnalikhita grantha mudrita ho cuke haiM1. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma- pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' 2. jinavANI ke motI - DaoN0 dulIcanda jaina 3. aSTakaprakaraNa (saMskRta) - sampA0 DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha 4. anekAntavAda (1993 I0 meM ahamadAbAda meM Ayojita anekAntavAda saGgoSThI meM paThita nibandhoM kA saMgraha), sampA0-pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI (siddhAnta aura vyavahAra) pro0 sAgaramala jaina 6. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra - sampA0-pro0 bhAgacandra jaina evaM vyAkhyAkAra munizrI sunIla sAgara zrAvakAcAra aura sAmAjika santulana-lekhaka-pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' vartamAna meM nimnalikhita grantha mudraNa kI prakriyA meM haiMviMzativiMzikA, sampA0- pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' evaM DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina 2. alaMkAradarpaNa (prAkRta) - sampA0 +anu0- pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' evaM pro0 surezacandra pANDeya 3. samAdhimaraNa : eka avadhAraNA - DaoN0 rajjana kumAra jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN0 sudhA jaina jaina evaM hindU srotoM ke AdhAra para draupadI kathAnaka - DaoN0 zIlA siMha 6. Jainism & Buddhism - Prof. Bhag Chandra Jain 7. Jain Bible - Prof. Bhag Chandra Jain

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jaina jagat sarvadharma ahiMsA sammelana sampanna naI dillI 2 akTUbara -- zrI jinakuzalasUri jaina choTI dAdAvAr3I, sAutha eksaTeMzana, naI dillI meM gAMdhI jayantI ke avasara para kharataragaccha ke prabhAvaka muni zrImaNiprabhasAgara jI ke sAnidhya meM sarvadharma ahiMsA sammelana kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM jaina samAja ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke santoM ke alAvA bauddha, sikkha, sanAtana, muslima aura IsAI dharma ke dharmaguruoM ne bhAga liyaa| isa avasara para 4 prastAva peza kiye gaye jinheM sarvasammati se svIkAra kiyA gyaa| sAtha hI unheM kAryAnvita karane ke liye zIghra hI eka saMyukta baiThaka karane kA bhI nirNaya liyA gyaa| isa sammelana meM bar3I saMkhyA meM loga upasthita the| siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlavandra zAstrI smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA sampanna vArANasI 2-3 akTUbara : zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna, nariyA, vArANasI ke tattvAvadhAna meM dinAMka 2-3 akTUbara 1999 ko siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI smRti caturtha vyAkhyAnamAlA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para madrAsa evaM maisUra vizvavidyAlaya ke prAkRta evaM jainavidyA vibhAga ke pUrva adhyakSa evaM suprasiddha vidvAn pro0 ema0DI0 vasantarAja ne guruparamparA se prApta jainAgama nAmaka viSaya para tIna vyAkhyAna prastuta kiyA, jinameM se eka kI adhyakSatA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ne kii| haridvAra meM munizrI jambUvijayajI kI pAvana nizrA meM paryuSaNa parva sampanna haridvAra 6 akTUbara : zrIcintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAmbara mandira, haridvAra meM pUjya munizrI jambUvijaya jI kI pAvana sAnidhya meM paryuSaNaparva sollAsa sampanna huaa| parva ke prathama tIna dina madhyAhna meM 2.30 se 4.30 taka munizrI ne paJcasUtra tathA parva ke cauthe se sAtaveM dina taka prAta: va madhyAhna meM zrIkalpasUtra kI vyAkhyA kii| isa avasara para deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM se padhAre bhakta zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne vibhinna dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM ko vidhipUrvaka sampanna kiyaa| yahIM navambara-disambara meM bar3e samArohapUrvaka jinamandira pratiSThA kA bhI Ayojana huaa| 3 disambara ko munizrI pAvana nizrA meM ku0 uSA zAha ne bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| isa avasara para sarvocca nyAyAlaya ke pUrva mukhya nyAyAdhIza zrI vaiMkaTa cailayyA mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita the|

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178 zrI mahuvA tapAgaccha jainasaMgha dvArA vidyAparva kA Ayojana mahuvA 9-10 akTUbara : tapAgacchIya zAsanasamrAT sva0 zrI vijayanemisUrIzvara jI ma.sA0 ke svargArohaNa kI ardhazatAbdI para zrImahuvA tapAgaccha jaina saMgha dvArA mahavA nagara sthita zrI ratilAla chaganalAla gAMdhI jaina upAzraya meM dvidivasIya vidyAparva kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para prathama dina dinAMka 9 akTUbara ko jaina vidyA tathA prAcIna bhAratIya sthApatya aura kalA ke vizvavikhyAt vidvAn prAdhyApaka zrI madhusUdana DhAMkI; DaoN0 jitendra bI0 zAha; zrI ujamazI kApar3iyA; DaoN0 kAntilAla bI0 zAha; DaoN0 niraMjana rAjaguru; DaoN0 nAthAlAla gohila Adi ne apane-apane zodhapatroM kA vAcana kiyaa| zrIpapracandrajI mahArAja kI 63vIM jayantI sampanna pharIdAbAda 18 akTUbara : pUjya gurudeva, uttara bhAratIya pravartaka, rASTrasanta bhaNDArI zrI padmacandra jI mahArAja kA 83vA~ jayantI samAroha pichale dinoM pUjya zrI suvrata muni jI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya evaM zrI zve0sthA0 jaina sabhA ke tatvAvadhAna meM sthAnIya jaina sthAnaka meM sAmAjika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM manAyA gyaa| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva digambara jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha kA prathama adhivezana sampanna naI dillI 24 akTUbara : gaNinIpramukha jJAnamatI mAtA jI kI preraNA se sthApita tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva digambara jaina vidvat pariSad mahAsaMgha kA prathama adhivezana zrI digambara jaina mandira parisara, rAjAbAjAra (zivAjI sTeDiyama ke pIche) kanATa plesa meM 24 akTUbara 1999 ko do satroM meM sampanna huaa| sUrata meM bhavya dIkSA samAroha sampanna sUrata 24 akTUbara : prekSAdhyAnapraNetA yugapradhAna AcAryazrI mahAprajJa jI ke nirdezAnusAra unake ziSyaratna munizrI sumeramala jI ke karakamaloM se Azvina parNimA24 akTUbara dina ravivAra ko sUrata sthita prastAvita terApaMtha bhavana meM mumukSu zrI ajita saMghavI kI dIkSA sampanna huii| puSkara muni jI mahArAja kI 90vIM jayantI sampanna auraMgAbAda 25 akTUbara : zramaNasaMgha ke tRtIya paTTadhara sva0 AcAryazrI devendramani jI ma0 ke ziSya paM0 ramezamani zAstrI, upapravartaka DaoN0 rAjendramuni zAstrI ThANA 9 evaM mahAsatI zrIratnajyotijI ThANA 3 kI pAvana sAnnidhya meM 24 akTUbara

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179 kale sva0 puSkara muni jI mahArAja kI 90vIM jayantI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| saptAhaparyanta calane vAle isa Ayojana meM japa, Ayambila, netra cikitsA zivira, vikalAMga sevA zivira, dantaroga sevA zivira, kavi sammelana, zAkAhAra divasa evaM vyasanamukti divasa manAyA gyaa| antima dina 24 akTUbara ko mukhya jayantI samAroha sampanna huA jisameM kaI rAjanetA va samAja ke gaNamAnya jana tathA deza ke aneka bhAgoM se padhAre bhaktoM va sthAnIya jainasamAja ke logoM ne bar3I saMkhyA meM bhAga liyaa| zAstroddhAra-zAstra surakSA abhiyAna samiti dvArA rAjasthAna kA daurA sampanna bInA 1 navambara : anekAnta jJAnamandira, bInA ke saMsthApaka brahmacArI zrI saMdIpa jI 'sarala' ke netRtva meM zAstroddhAra zAstra surakSA abhiyAna samiti ke sadasyoM ne dinAMka 26 akTUbara se 31 akTUbara 1999 taka rAjasthAna prAnta ke vibhinna sthAnoMsiroMja, jhAlAvAr3A, mizraulI, kekar3I, jayapura, ajamera evaM ToMka kA daurA kiyA aura vahA~ pANDulipiyoM ke pradarzana kA Ayojana kiyaa| isI krama meM zrI bhAgacandra sonI jI kI nasiyA~, ajamera kI ora se unheM 1200 hastalikhita grantha bhI bheMTa kiye gye| jJAtavya hai ki anekAnta jJAnamandira, bInA meM aba taka sAr3he pA~ca hajAra hastalikhita tathA sAta hajAra mudrita grantha saMkalita kiye jA cuke haiM tathA zodhArthiyoM hetu kampyUTara, phoTo kaoNpIyara mazIna evaM bhojana-AvAsa kI bhI samucita vyavasthA hai| jaina vidyA ke prakANDa vidvAn mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI kA abhinandana jayapura 14 navambara : jainadharma, saMskRti evaM sAhitya kI sevA meM pUrNa samarpita maho0 vinayasAgara jI kA bhavya abhinandana samAroha dinAMka 14 navambara 1999 ko jayapura meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura tathA zrI jitayazAzrI phAuNDezana, kalakattA ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM Ayojita yaha samAroha gaNivarya zrI mahimAprabha sAgara tathA munidvaya zrI candraprabha sAgara va zrI lalitaprabha sAgara kI pAvana nizrA meM sampanna huA jisameM rAjasthAna ke mukhyamantrI mAnanIya zrI azoka gahalota mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita the| abhinandana samAroha ke isa avasara para vinayasAgara jI ko unake jIvana, sAhitya evaM vicAroM ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sahita eka abhinandana grantha bhI bheMTa kiyA gyaa| isa bhavya samAroha meM pro0 ema0 e0 DhA~kI, pro0 sAgaramala jaina, DaoN0 nAgendra, DaoN0 phateha siMha, zrI kalAnAtha zAstrI jaise mUrdhanya vidvAn upasthita the| ___ mahAzilA-abhilekha : terApaMtha itihAsa kA eka praharI ajamera : prajJA-zikhara ceriTebala TrasTa ke tattvAvadhAna va AcArya mahAprajJa ke

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180 mArganirdezana meM mahAzilA-abhilekha nAmaka eka yojanA taiyAra kI gayI hai jisake antargata ajamera jile ke TADagar3ha nAmaka sthAna para 26 phuTa U~cA, 5 phuTa caur3A aura 5 phuTa moTA kAle grenAiTa patthara kA dakSiNa bhAratIya mandira zailI meM eka kalAtmaka stambha taiyAra kiyA jA rahA hai| isa para hindI aura aMgrejI bhASA meM terApaMtha ke itihAsa meM AcArya tulasI ke apUrva va anupama avadAna kA aMkana hogaa| jaina pANDulipiyoM evaM prakAzita jaina sAhitya kA sUcIkaraNa bhAvanagara : satzruta prabhAvanA TrasTa, bhAvanagara evaM kundakanda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA saMyukta rUpa se prAcIna jaina granthoM kI pANDulipiyoM evaM prakAzita jaina sAhitya ke sUcIkaraNa hetu eka bRhad pariyojanA dinAMka 1.1.1999 se prArambha kI gayI hai| jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina grantha par3e hue haiM jo abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| aneka grantha bhaNDAroM kI na to koI sUcI banI hai aura na hI unake rakha-rakhAva kI ucita vyavasthA hI hai| isI prakAra vigata eka zatAbdI meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina granthoM kA prakAzana huA hai, parantu Aja bhI koI aisI sUcI nahIM banI hai jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki aba taka kula kitanA jaina sAhitya prakAzita hai| isa kamI ko dUra karane ke liye ukta saMsthAoM ne saMyukta rUpa se jo pariyojanA Arambha kI hai, vaha nizcita hI abhinandanIya hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina - vyaktitva aura kRtitva : rASTrIya saMgoSThI sampanna ajamera : 22 navambara - SaTkhaNDAgama ke Adya sampAdaka, prAcya vidyAoM ke yazasvI manISI puNyazloka sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina kI janma zatAbdI ke avasara para unake vyaktitva aura kRtittva para sarAkoddhAraka upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM kezaragaMja, ajamera meM tIna divasIya rASTrIya saMgoSThI, 19-21 navambara 1999 I0 sAnanda sampanna huii| AcAryazrI nAnAlAla jI mahArAja divaMgata udayapura 28 akTUbara : sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke mAnya AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI mahArAja kA 27 akTUbara ko udayapura meM samAdhimaraNa ho gyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se AcAryazrI ko hArdika shrddhaaNjli| dillI: suprasiddha udyogapati aura ballabha smAraka, dillI ke mantrI sazrAvaka zrI rAjakumAra jaina kI patnI zrImatI trizalA jaina kA 2 janavarI ko Akasmika nidhana ho gyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra zrImatI jaina ko hArdika zraddhAJjali arpita karatA hai|

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181 zrIpArasamala caNDAliyA puraskRta puraskRta- zramaNasaMghIya mahAmantrI zrI saubhAgyamuni 'kumuda' kI preraNA se zrI akhila bhAratIya sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbara jaina kAnphreMsa dvArA Ayojita nibandha-pratiyogitA meM suprasiddha vidvAn zrI pArasamala jI caNDAliyA ko prathama puraskAra pradAna kiyA gayA hai| vAcaka umAsvAti suvarNa candraka puraskAra 1999 jainadharma-sAhitya ke viziSTa marmajJa jarmanI nivAsI pro0 bhAlacandra tripAThI ko pradAna kiyA gyaa| dIkSA- vicakSaNa zrI mahArAja kI suziSyA sAdhvI maNiprabhA zrI jI ke sAnidhya meM ku0 savitA TAMka va ku0 amitA TAMka kI bhAgavatIdIkSA dinAMka 1 disambara ko zahAdA-mahArASTra meM sampanna huii| pratiSThA- dinAMka 10 se 17 pharavarI 2000 taka veNUra-karNATaka meM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava tathA 18 pharavarI ko zrI bAhubali mahAmastakAbhiSeka samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| nibandha pratiyogitA- zrI pradIpa ajamerA dvA0 NamokAra mahAmantra-artha, bhAvArtha aura mahAtmya, nAmaka viSaya para 31.12.99 taka hindI bhASA meM nibandha Amantrita haiN| nibandha puraskRta bhI kiye jaayegeN| samparka sUtra- zrI pradIpa ajamerA, ena 9, e-116, ela 52/4, sonA mAtA vidyAlaya ke pAsa, nayA auraMgAbAda 431003 (mahArASTra) ahiMsA iNTaranezanala dvArA vArSika puraskAroM ke liye nAma Amantrita ahiMsA iNTaranezanala dvArA varSa 1999 ke liye 4 puraskAroM- ahiMsA iNTaranezanala DipTImala AdIzvara lAla jaina sAhitya puraskAra; ahiMsA iNTaranezanala bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla jaina zAkAhAra puraskAra; ahiMsA iNTaranezanala raghuvIra siMha jaina jIva rakSA puraskAra evaM ahiMsA iNTaranezanala premacandra jaina patrakAritA puraskAra hetu 15 janavarI 2000 taka nimnalikhita pate para lekhaka/kAryakartA/patrakAra ke pUre nAma va pate, jIvana paricaya (phoTo evaM sambandhita kSetra meM kArya vivaraNa sahita) Amantrita haiN| bhejane kA patA- zrI pradIpa kumAra jaina, saciva, ahiMsA iNTaranezanala, 4687, umarAva galI, pahAr3I dhIraja, dillI 110006.

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sAhitya satkAra yugapradhAna AcArya jinadattasUri kA jainadharma evaM sAhitya meM yogadAna, lekhikA-DaoN0 smitaprajJA zrI, prakAzaka - vicakSaNa smRti prakAzana, kharataragaccha TrasTa, dAdAsAhabanAMpagalA, navaraMgapurA, ahamadAbAda 380009; prathama saMskaraNa 1999 I0, pRSTha 15+264; AkAra-DimAI, pakkI jilda; mUlya - 150 rupye| jainadharma ke mahAn prabhAvaka AcAryoM meM jinadattasUri jI kA nAma atyanta Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| kharataragacchAlaMkAra AcArya jinavallabhasUri ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara. tathA prathama dAdAsAhaba ke nAma se vikhyAta AcArya jinadattasUri apane yuga ke krAntikArI santa rhe| kharataragaccha ke unnAyakoM meM unakA advitIya sthAna hai| prastuta pustaka sAdhvI DaoN0 smitaprajJAzrI dvArA AcArya jinadattasUri kI upalabdha kRtiyoM para kiye gaye vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana kA pustakAkAra rUpa hai jisa para unheM gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gayI hai| zodhaprabandha kula 5 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM granthakAra ke samaya deza kI rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika sthiti kI carcA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM kharataragaccha ke udbhava aura vikAsa kA 26 pRSThoM meM bar3A hI upayogI varNana hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM jinadattasUri ke jIvana caritra kA 19 pRSThoM meM savistAra varNana hai| cauthe adhyAya meM 145 pRSThoM meM AcAryazrI kI sAhitya-sAdhanA kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana hai| yaha adhyAya tIna khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai- prathama khaNDa meM unake dvArA racita 6 saMskRta kRtiyoM, dvitIya khaNDa meM 15 prAkRta kRtiyoM va tRtIya khaNDa meM 3 apabhraMza kRtiyoM kA vivecana hai| pA~cavAM aura antima adhyAya upasaMhAra svarUpa hai| grantha ke anta meM 34 pRSThoM kA pariziSTa bhI diyA gayA hai jisake antargata jinadattasUri kI aprakAzita kRtiyoM ke sampAdana aura ananuvAdita kRtiyoM kA anuvAda prastuta hai| aba se lagabhaga 50 varSa pUrva jainadharma aura prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM ke viziSTa vidvAn mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ne AcArya jinadattasUri ke guru AcArya jinavallabhasUri kI sAhityasAdhanA para eka mahAgrantha likhA thA jisa para unheM sAhitya mahopAdhyAya kI upAdhi prApta huI thii| vaha grantha vallabhabhAratI ke nAma se prakAzita huA aura itanA lokapriya huA ki kucha hI samaya meM aprApya ho gyaa| __isI prakAra kA eka prayAsa aba se lagabhaga 15 varSa pUrva aMcalagaccha kI sAdhvI mokSaguNAzrI dvArA svagacchIya AcArya jayazekharasUri ke vyaktitva va kRtitva para kiya gayA jo do bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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183 hai prAya: sabhI gacchoM meM aneka vidvAn AcArya va muni ho cuke haiN| unake dvArA praNIta sAhitya vizAla hai| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki ukta zodhakAryoM ko Adarza mAnakara anya AcAryoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM para bhI isI prakAra prAmANika rUpa se zodha kArya kiyA jaaye| prastuta pustaka kI sAjasajjA atyanta AkarSaka va mudraNa truTirahita hai| yaha pustaka zodhArthiyoM ke liye atyanta upayogI va pustakAlayoM va vidvAnoM ke liye anivArya rUpa se saMgrahaNIya aura paThanIya hai| hama AzA karate haiM ki sAdhvIjI mahArAja ke isa kArya se preraNA lekara anya AcAryoM va munijanoM ke sAhitya para bhI isI prakAra se vidvAnoM dvArA zodhakArya prArambha kiyA jaayegaa| AsthA aura anveSaNa, sampA0 zrI sureza jaina; prakA0- jJAnodaya vidyApITha, bhopAla (ma0pra0); prApti sthala- zrI abhinandana digambara jaina hito0 sabhA, bInA-470113 (ma0pra0) evaM zrI santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina, baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara- 470002 (ma0pra0); prathama saMskaraNa- 1999 I0; pRSTha 14+133; mUlya - 100 rupye| prastuta pustaka munizrI kSamAsAgara ke pAvana sAnidhya meM 2-4 akTUbara 1998 meM bInA meM sampanna hue caturtha jaina vijJAna vicAra saMgoSThI-1998 meM par3he gaye 11 zodha nibandhoM tathA pUrva kI jainavijJAna vicAra saMgoSThiyoM meM par3he gaye 13 nibandhoM kA saMkalana hai| kloniMga aura karmasiddhAnta, nigodiyA jIva aura Adhunika jIvana vijJAna, AzIrvAda kA vijJAna, prArthanA se svAsthya lAbha, Adhunika cikitsA paddhati aura ahiMsA, jIvana paddhati aura anekAnta, hamArI saMskRti aura samAja, Izvara kI avadhAraNA, jaina siddhAntoM dvArA pRthvI kI rakSA Adi lekha atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| lekhoM ke anta meM munizrI ke varSa 1998 ke bInA varSAyoga ke vibhinna bahuraMgI citra bhI diye gaye haiN| nizcita rUpa se yaha pustaka vidvAnoM aura sAmAnya pAThakoM donoM ke liye samAna rUpa se upayogI hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA ati AkarSaka tathA mudraNa suspaSTa hai| acche kAgaja para mudrita isa grantha kA mUlya bhI alpa rakhA gayA hai tAki isakA atyadhika pracAra-prasAra ho| aise mahattvapUrNa aura mananayogya pustaka ke prakAzana ke liye prakAzaka saMsthA kI jitanI bhI prazaMsA kI jAye, vaha kama hI hai| pathika, munizrI sunIlasAgara; prakA0- zrIpArzvanAtha digambara jaina pustakAlaya evaM vAcanAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI; dvitIya saMskaraNa- sitambara 1999I0; AkAraDimAI; pRSTha- 16+272; mUlya - 25 rupaye maatr| ke yuvA nirgrantha muni zrI sunIlasAgara jI, AcArya AdisAgara jI mahArAja kI paramparA ke cauthe paTTadhara AcArya zrI sanmatisAgara jI ke ziSya evaM udIyamAna sAhityakAra

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} 184 haiN| unakI lekhanI se alpa samaya meM hI praNIta vibhinna grantha prakAza meM A cuke haiN| adhyayana, cintana aura lekhana unakI sahaja vizeSatA hai| prastuta kRti pathika kA sampUrNa kathAnaka eka aise vyakti para kendrita hai, jo vividha rUpoM meM hamAre samakSa AtA hai| jahAM eka ora usane saMgharSazIla yuvaka kA kiradAra nibhAyA hai vahIM vaha eka saMskArazIla yuvaka kI bhUmikA nibhAne meM bhI saphala rahA hai| jahAM eka ora vaha zAntidUta hai vahIM dUsarI ora rUr3hiyoM ko tor3ane meM vaha krAntikArI bhI hai| eka hI pAtra ko vibhinna rUpoM meM darzAne vAlA yaha kathAnaka pAThakoM ko prArambha se anta taka pUrNatayA bAMdhe rahatA hai / sampUrNa kathAnaka meM ghaTanAkramoM ke madhya dharmAcaraNa kA bhI mArga batalAyA gayA hai jisase isakI garimA aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| mAtra ATha mahIne ke antarAla meM isa pustaka kA dUsarA saMskaraNa prakAzita honA isakI lokapriyatA ko darzAtA hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka tathA mudraNa prAyaH truTirahita aura kalAtmaka hai / isa manoraMjaka evaM preraNAspada grantha ke praNayana ke liye lekhaka tathA use alpa mUlya meM pAThakoM taka pahu~cAne ke liye prakAzaka donoM hI prazaMsA ke pAtra haiN| saMsAradarpaNa, saMkalanakartA - kSullaka vivekAnanda sAgara; prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina prema pracAriNI sabhA, maNDala bAmaurA evaM DaoN0 vinayakumAra caudharI, bahAdurapura prathama saMskaraNa- 1999 I0; pRSTha 6+65; mUlya - 20/- rupaye / jaina darzana Atma - jijJAsA pradhAna hai| ananta sAMsArika caturgatiyoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie jaina darzana meM AtmA ko jAnane aura usake satat vikAsa evaM sajagatA ke prati satarka rahane kA atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| isI krama meM AtmA aura use dUSita karane ke tattvoM para ati sUkSmatA aura ati gaharAI meM jAkara vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana kI isI gurugambhIra paramparA kA pAlana karate hue kSullaka vivekAnanda sAgara jI kA saMkalana 'saMsAra darpaNa' prakAzita huA hai| isameM cAroM gatiyoM meM bhAvoM evaM AsravoM kA paramparAnusAra gahana vizleSaNa prastuta hai| sAtha hI bhogabhUmi, karmabhUmi aura caturgati, yathA-- nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gatiyoM meM paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka avasthA ko vibhinna tAlikAoM dvArA sugamatApUrvaka samajhAyA gayA hai| isa krama meM kula 29 tAlikAyeM haiN| yadyapi Amukha meM DaoN0 (ku0 ) ArAdhanA jaina 'svatantra' ne 21 tAlikAoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| pustaka ke prArambha meM 'pAribhASika zabdakoSa' diyA gayA hai, jisameM Asrava, avirata kaSAya, yoga, bhAva, darzana, lezyA aura upalabdhi ko vistAra se paribhASita kara jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM ko 32 praznoM aura uttara ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| isa pustaka ko taiyAra karane meM paramparAgata granthoM gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa, gommaTasAra- karmakANDa, sarvArthasiddhi aura paJcAdhyAyI ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| pustaka paThanIya hai| mudraNa, kAgaja Adi mana ko AhlAdita karane vAlA hai| atula kumAra

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185 kallola prakAzana, sItAyana, racanAkAra- DaoN0 maMgalAprasAda; prakA0susuvAhI, vArANasI 1999 I0; prathama saMskaraNa; AkAra-DimAI, pRSTha 6 + 88; pakkI jilda; mUlya- eka sau rupaye / - bhArata ke prAcIna vAGmaya se prAyaH upekSita pAtroM ko khojakara unake vAstavika caritra ko samAja meM sAhitya ke mAdhyama se ujAgara karane vAle sAhityakAroM kI eka dhArA rahI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI do mahAna paramparAoM - brAhmaNa aura bauddha ke nArI pAtroM kA samucita saMskaraNa isI krama meM claa| hindI sAhitya meM rAmAyaNa kI eka ojhala kintu ati utkRSTa pAtra 'urmilA' aura gautama buddha kI pariNItA yazodharA ke antarmana ko samAja ke sammukha rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ne apanI kAlajayI racanAoM kramaza: 'sAketa' aura 'yazodharA' ke mAdhyama se khar3A kara diyA hai| rAmAyaNa kI pramukha strI pAtra 'sItA' ko lekara to bhAratIya sAhitya jagat sadA Andolita rahA hai| cAhe ve vAlmIki, bhavabhUti, kAlidAsa aura bhAsa hoM yA paravartI bhaktikAla ke gosvAmI tulasIdAsa / sabane apane-apane DhaMga se sItA ke caritra aura unake pati 'rAma' ke vyavahAra ko citrita kiyA hai| nArI kI antarvyathA aura usake mana ko samajhane kI jo koziza gupta jI ne kI haiM, zAyada usase pahale kisI ne nahIM kiyaa| isI paramparA meM DaoN0 maMgalAprasAda dvArA racita hindI kA mahAkAvya 'sItAyana' hai| sItAyana meM kula gyAraha sarga haiN| prathama sarga meM pUre kAvya kA bIja rUpa bhUmikA hai / dvitIya sarga meM sItA laMkA se vApasa Aye rAma kA apane prati berUkhI para cintita hai| isa samaya vaha garbhavatI bhI hai| tRtIya sarga meM nagaravAsiyoM kA sItA ke prati zaMkAlu dRSTi tathA sItA ke bhAvI saMkaTa kI kalpanA aura dUsarI ora rAjabhavana meM rAma aura sItA kI dinacaryA tathA prema kI carcA hai| caturtha sarga meM vasanta Rtu kI chaTA kA varNana hai tathA sarga ke uttarArddha meM lokApavAda ke kAraNa sItA ke nirvAsana kA Adeza diyA jAtA hai| isa kaThora Adeza kA pAlana karate hue duHkhI mana se lakSmaNa sItA ko vana meM RSi Azrama ke pAsa chor3a Ate haiN| paJcama sarga meM vana kI suramyatA kA varNana hai / sItA akelI soca meM DUbI huI hai jaba baTukagaNa use bulAkara RSi Azrama meM le jAte haiM / / SaSTha sarga meM Azrama meM sItA kI dinacaryA tathA Azrama ke dainandinI kAryoM meM vyastatA dikhAyA gayA hai, vahIM usane yugala putroM ko janma diyA hai| bAlakoM ke bAlakrIr3A Adi kA bhI varNana hai| saptama sarga meM zarada Rtu kA Agamana hotA hai, bacce bar3e ho rahe haiN| isameM baTukagaNa ke adhyayana aura Azrama kI sucAru vyavasthA kA varNana hai / aSTama sarga meM ayodhyA meM sItAvihIna rAma kA santApa dIkhatA hai| una para vyaMgya prahAra bhI *kiye gaye haiM, jaise-- prANavallabhA ko ghara se kara bAhara rAghava zAnta hue haiN| priya purajana ko jIvana-maru kI sudhA luTA aklAnta hue haiM ityAdi / yahA~ raghukula kI paramparA aura

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186 ayodhyA ke zAsanavyavasthA kI jhalaka bhI milatI hai| dUsarI ora sItA akelI baiThakara apane pichale jIvana ke bAre meM vicAramagna hai| navama sarga meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI racanA kara cuke haiM tathA lava-kuza use vINA para gAne lage haiN| muni sItA ko nirdeza dete haiN| dUsarI ora ayodhyA meM azvamedha kI taiyArI hotI hai aura ghor3A chor3A jAtA hai, jise vana prAnta meM lava-kuza pakar3a lete haiN| rakSakoM aura zatrughna ke kAphI prayAsa ke bAvajUda haThI bacce use nahIM chodd'te| dazama sarga meM rAma kI senA kA lava-kuza ke sAtha tumula-yuddha varNita hai| rAma kI pUrI senA lakSmaNa, bharata, zatrughna sahita yuddhabhUmi meM dharAzAyI ho jAtI hai aura hanumAna ko bAMdhakara lava-kuza sItA ke pAsa le jAte hai| jahA~ sItA hanumAna ko pahacAna letI haiN| sItA jAkara yuddhabhUmi meM vIroM ko dekhatI haiM jo vahA~ mUcchita par3e haiN| lava-kuza unakI behozI dUra kara dete haiN| ekAdaza sarga meM senA ghor3e ke sAtha avadha lauTa jAtI hai| azvamedha yajJa sthala para rAma ke pAsa sItA ko vAlmIki lAte haiM, para rAma puna: sItA se nagarajanoM kI zaMkA miTAne ko kahate haiM taba sItA rAma ke prati prema kI saugandha khAkara pRthvI se prArthanA karatI hai aura pRthvI se zeSanAga ke phana para divya siMhAsanArUr3ha pRthvI AtI hai aura sItA ko lekara pAtAla meM vApasa calI jAtI hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM nau rasoM meM se zRGgAra, vIbhatsa aura hAsya rasa kA abhAvaM hai| yadyapi mahAkAvya ke anya lakSaNa maujUda hai| isameM sargoM meM kramaza: 31, 84, 53, 83, 57, 50, 57, 30, 60, 51 aura 48594 padya haiN| pratyeka sarga meM alaga-alaga eka-eka chandoM meM padyoM kI racanA kI gayI hai| mudraNa, sajjA, kAgaja Adi uttama hai| pustaka sabhI ke liye paThanIya aura mananIya hai| aise sundara kAvya ke praNayana aura usake prakAzana ke lie racanAkAra badhAI ke pAtra haiN| atula kumAra jinAgamoM kI mUla-bhASA, sampA0- AcAryazrI vijayazIlacandasUri evaM DaoN0 ke0 Ara0candra, prakAzaka- prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda; prathama saMskaraNa 1999 IsvI, pRSTha 23+250; AkAra-DimAI, mUlya 120/- rupe| prastuta kRti 27-28 apraila 1997 ko ahamadAbAda meM Ayojita vidvat saMgoSThI meM vidvAnoM dvArA prastuta kiye gaye zodha-patroM kA saMkalana hai| yaha saMgoSThI sthAnIya tIna saMsthAoM - prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, prAkRta vidyA maNDala evaM prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa Di ne sammilita rUpa se Ayojita kiyA thaa| saMgoSThI kI AdhArabhUmi thIdigambara paramparA ke eka samUha, khAsakara kundakunda bhAratI se prakAzita hone vAlI traimAsika patrikA prAkRta vidyA aura usake sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina dvArA vibhinna AdhAroM para yaha sthApita kiyA jAnA ki zaurasenI prAkRta ardhamAgadhI se prAcIna thI aura AgamoM kI mUlabhASA zaurasenI thii| isa samUha dvArA yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai

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187 ke ardhamAgadhI sahita prAkRta ke sabhI bheda-prabheda zaurasenI se hI udbhUta hue haiN| isa sthApanA ke bAda prAkRta kSetra meM eka vivAda khar3A ho gyaa| jainoM ke dUsare sampradAyazvetAmbaroM meM mAnya AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai aura abataka donoM sampradAya ke vidvAnoM meM isa bAta para Ama rAya thI ki tIrthaGkaroM kI vANI ardhamAgadhI ke rUpa meM hai| para isa vivAda ke bAda isa viSaya para naye sire se vicAra prArambha ho gyaa| isI bIca jaina-bauddha vidyA ke prasiddha vidvAn sva0 (pro0) nathamala TaoNTiyA kA eka bhASaNa prAkRtavidyA meM chapA, jisake anusAra unhoMne zaurasenI ko sarvaprAcIna, sabhI prAkRtoM kA mUla aura AgamoM kI bhASA mAnA thaa| usa samaya TaoNTiyA jI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM kI sevA meM the, jo eka zvetAmbara saMsthA hai| vahA~ kI patrikA 'tulasIprajJA' meM unhoMne bAda meM prAkRtavidyA kI ukta avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kara diyA thA, jisase aura bhrama kI sthiti utpanna huii| isake bAda pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke tatkAlIna nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne ukta bhrama ke bIca hI sudIpa jaina aura pro0 TaoNTiyA ke prAkRtavidyA meM chape vaktavyoM kA vibhinna granthoM se sandarbha dete hue, tarkapUrNa khaNDana meM eka lekha likhA, jo usa samaya vidyApITha kI zodha-patrikA zramaNa aura jaina vizvabhAratI lADanaM kI patrikA tulasIprajJA meM prakAzita huA, vaha lekha yahA~ bhI hindI-gujarAtI khaNDa ke prathama lekha ke rUpa meM saMkalita hai| inhIM vivAdoM ke maddenajara prAkRta bhASA ke vidvAn pro0 ke0 Ara0 candra ke athaka prayAsa se yaha saMgoSThI Ayojita huI thI, jisameM prastuta kiye gaye zodhapatra isa pustaka meM saMkalita haiN| pustaka do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai- pahalA- aMgrejI khaNDa aura dUsarA-hindI-gujarAtI khnndd| aMgrejI khaNDa meM cha: lekha haiM aura hindI-gujarAtI khaNDa meM sAta lekh| pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke do lekha pariziSTa meM chape haiM jisameM se eka meM unhoMne pro0 TaoNTiyA jI kI vidvatA ke pratikUla prAkRtavidyA meM unake nAma se chape vyAkhyAna ke mUla hone para sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai aura anurodha kiyA hai unake vyAkhyAna kA avikala Tepa sarvasulabha karA diyA jaaye| dUsare lekha meM unhoMne hindI-prAkRta bhASA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke zaurasenI ke sambandha meM sthApita mAnyatAoM kA vividha tarkoM aura pramANoM dvArA khaNDana kiyA hai| pro0 vyAsa ne apanI sthApanA meM zaurasenI ko sabhI prAkRtoM kA mUla atiprAcIna bhASA mAnA hai| bhUmikA meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne grantha meM chape sabhI lekhoM kI gahanatama samIkSA kI hai| bhUmikA hindI-aMgrejI donoM bhASA meM prakAzita hai| viSaya-pratiSThApana meM prAkRta bhASA aura bhASAvijJAna ke mUrdhanya vidvAn DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra ne AgamoM kI mUlabhASA evaM usake maulika svarUpa para apanI vidvatApUrNa sthApanA upasthita kI hai aura bhASAyI AdhAra para sva-sampAdita AcArAMga ke bhASA-svarUpa ke prastutIkaraNa dvArA ardhamAgadhI kI prAcInatA bhASAvijJAna ke AdhAra para siddha kI hai| aMgrejI khaNDa meM prathama lekha pro0 ha0 cU0 bhayANI kA hai jisameM unhoMne Adhunika

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188 bhAratIya bhASAoM aura boliyoM kA vikAsa aura unake itihAsa kA parIkSaNa kiyA hai| dUsare lekha meM bhASAvijJAna ke variSThatama vidvAn pro0 satyaraMjana banarjI ne jaina AgamoM ke sampAdana meM AyI kaThinAiyoM ke apane anubhavoM ko prastuta kara kucha upayogI sujhAva rakhe haiN| tIsare lekha meM pro0 rAmaprakAza poddAra ne hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke prathama sUtra 'atha prAkRtam' kI hemacandra kI svopajJa vRtti para vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| vastutaH hemacandra ne sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa likhA aura antima AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa ko nibaddha kiyA hai| ise bhI unhoMne saMskRta meM hI likhA aura prAkRta zabdoM kI siddhi ke lie pUraka rUpa meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko mAnaka mAnA hai| cauthe lekha meM AcArAMga, pravacanasAra, pAli bhASA aura azoka ke abhilekhoM ke zabdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate hue DaoN0 ke0Ara0 candra ne ardhamAgadhI ko prAcInatama bhASA siddha kiyA hai| pA~caveM lekha meM DaoN0 ena0ema0 kaMsArA ne vaidika chAndasa bhASA se Agamika ardhamAgadhI meM Aye kucha bhASAyI tattvoM ko udghATita kiyA hai| chaThe lekha meM yuvA vidvAn DaoN0 dInAnAtha zarmA ne zaurasenI kI tulanA meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke prAcIna bhASA tattvoM para mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlA hai| hindI-gujarAtI khaNDa meM pahalA lekha pro0 sAgaramala jaina kA "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI'' hai, jisakI pRSThabhUmi aura viSayavastu pUrva meM prastuta kI jA cukI hai|duusre lekha meM jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura purAtattva ke mUrdhanya vidvAn pro0 madhusUdana DhAMkI ne vyaMgyAtmaka lahaje meM jaina darzana kI rUr3hivAdI aura kAlpanika itihAsa darzana para prahAra kiyA hai aura vidvAnoM dvArA isa itihAsa ko AdhAra banAkara sthApita kI jA rahI mAnyatAoM kI bhI AlocanA kI hai| tIsare lekha meM samaNI cinmaya prajJA ne AgamasUtroM kI vartamAna bhASA para apanA vicAra prastuta kiyA hai| cauthe lekha meM prAkRta bhASA ke vidvAn pro0 premasumana jaina ne zaurasenI granthoM meM prAkRta bhASA ke prAcIna tattvoM ke AdhAra para zaurasenI bhASA ko prAcIna batalAyA hai tathA DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra dvArA sampAdita AcArAMga ke bhASAyI svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI zaurasenI kI prAcInatA ko tarkapUrNa DhaMga se siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pAMcaveM lekha meM zobhanA Ara0 zAha ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI tulanA khAravela ke zilAlekha kI bhASA se karate hae use ardhamAgadhI ke nikaTa batAyA hai| chaThe lekha meM DaoN0 jitendra bI0 zAha ne tIrthaGkaroM kI upadeza bhASA ko digambara-zvetAmbara granthoM ke antakSyioM ke AdhAra para tarkapUrNa DhaMga se prastuta karate hue use akSarAtmaka aura ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA siddha karate hue vivAda ko nirarthaka batAyA hai| gujarAtI bhASA ke lekha meM DaoN0 bhAratI zelaTa ne azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI bhASA se ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI samAnatA sthApita kI hai| yaha daHkha kI bAta hai ki jisa jaina darzana kI mUla zikSA AtmajJAna prApta karane tathA bhASA Adi ke svarUpa aura uccAraNa para jora na dekara usake bhAvoM ko grahaNa karane

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189 kI hai, use darakinAra kara mithyAtva ko sthApita karane vAle vivAda usI darzana ke praNetA ke nAma para khar3A kiyA jA rahA hai| hamAre jina pUrvaja AcAryoM kI hRdaya kI udAratA itanI adhika thI ki unhoMne apane sampUrNa jJAna ko jagat ke kalyANa hetu prastuta kara bhI apanA nAma aura samaya kI Dhola pITane kA dambha nahIM dikhAyA, unhIM AcAryoM ke samaya aura nAma para taraha-taraha ke pAkhaNDavAda aura vitaNDAvAda ko khar3A kara unakI mUla zikSA ko upekSita aura apamAnita kiyA jA rahA hai| acchA hotA ki prastuta saMgoSThI meM DaoN0 sudIpa jaina bhI upasthita hokara apanI bAtoM ko rakhate tathA vahIM para isa vivAda kA zAlIna aura sauhArdrapUrNa samAdhAna DhUMDhane kA prayatna hotA, para durbhAgya se yaha kamI raha gyii| pustaka meM deza-videza ke vidvAnoM dvArA saMgoSThI kI saphalatA hetu bheje gaye zubhakAmanA saMdezoM ko bhI saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| atula kumAra prasAda siMha merutuGgabAlAvabodhavyAkaraNam, kartA- aMcalagacchIya AcArya meruprabhasUri; sampAdaka- AcArya kalAprabhasAgarasUri; saMzodhaka- pro0 nArAyaNa ma0 kaMsArA (ahamadAbAda); prakAzaka- zrI Arya-jaya-kalyANa kendra TrasTa, megharatna epArTamenTa, derAsara lena, ghATakopara (pUrva) mumbaI-400007; prathama saMskaraNa, 1998 I0; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 38+90; mUlya 30/- rupye| ___ pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke racanAkAroM meM aMcalagacchIya AcArya merutaGgasari kA pramakha sthAna hai| inake dvArA racita choTI-bar3I vibhinna racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM jinameM Sadarzanasamuccaya, laghuzatapadI, jainameghadUtama, nemidUtamahAkAvya, kAtaMtravyAkaraNabAlAvabodhavRtti, merutuGgabAlAvabodhavyAkaraNa, dhAtupArAyaNa, saptabhASyaTIkA, sthavirAvalI Adi atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| merutuGgabAlAvabodhavyAkaraNa prathama bAra AcArya zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI dvArA sampAdita hokara unhIM ke nirdezana meM zrI Arya jaya-kalyANa kendra TrasTa dvArA prakAzita ho rahI hai| vidvAn sampAdaka ne grantha kI vistRta bhUmikA dI hai jisake antargata vyAkaraNa zabda kI utpatti, jainAcAryoM dvArA racita vyAkaraNa grantha, paramAtmAzrI mahAvIradeva aura jainendravyAkaraNa, zrIsiddhahamazabdAnuzAsana, jainetara vyAkaraNa granthoM para jainAcAryoM kRta TIkAyeM, padyabaddha vyAkaraNagrantha aura bhojavyAkaraNa, aMcalagacchIya AcAryoM dvArA racita vyAkaraNa-grantha Adi kI saMkSipta kintu atyanta sAragarbhita rUpa meM carcA kI gayI hai| - granthakAra kA paricaya ATha pRSThoM meM diyA gayA hai jisake antargata unake bAlyAvasthA, dIkSA, AcArya pada prApti, samaya-samaya para kiye gaye camatkAra, unakI racanAyeM, vizAla ziSya parivAra Adi bar3e hI sundara zabdoM meM prAmANika rUpa se prastuta

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190 kiyA gayA hai| prastAvanA ke antargata vidvAn sampAdaka ne 14 pRSThoM meM prastuta kRti kA bar3e hI sundara rUpa meM paricaya diyA hai| isake pazcAt mUlapATha diyA gayA hai| grantha kA mudraNa atyanta spaSTa va sAjasajjA bhI nayanAbhirAma hai| eka mahattvapUrNa aura aprakAzita grantha ko sampAdita aura prakAzita kara AcArya kalAprabhasAgara jI mahArAja ne vidvat jagat kA mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| isake liye ve badhAI ke pAtra haiN| jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, jilda 50-51 1997-98 I0 saMyuktAMka, prAcya durlabha pANDulipi vizeSAMka 2; sampAdaka - DaoN0 RSabhacandra jaina 'phaujadAra; pRSTha 16+173 + 309; mUlya 200/- rupye| prAcIna sAhitya ke rUpa meM pANDulipiyA~ aura unake saMgraha ke rUpa meM samaya-samaya para bar3I saMkhyA meM pratiSThApita kiye gaye grantha bhaNDAroM meM se aneka vibhinna kAraNoM se naSTa ho gaye, phira bhI jo kucha Aja zeSa raha gayA hai usakI surakSA kara pAnA bhI atyadhika vyayasAdhya hone se prAya: duSkara ho gayA hai| aba se lagabhaga sau - savAsau varSa pUrva vibhinna vidvAnoM kA dhyAna pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura grantha bhaNDAroM kI surakSA tathA unake sUcIpatroM ke prakAzana kI ora gayA aura unhoMne isake lie gambhIra prayAsa prArambha kiyA jo Aja bhI jArI hai| aise vidvAnoM meM pITara pITarsana, rAmakRSNa gopAla bhaNDArakara, cImanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla, paM0 lAlacanda bhagavAndAsa gAMdhI, muni puNyavijaya jI, muni jinavijaya jI, zrI agaracandra nAhaTA, zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA, paM0 ambAlAla premacandra zAha Adi kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA meM bhI usake saMsthApakoM evaM saMcAlakoM dvArA samaya-samaya para pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAtA rahA hai| aba taka vahA~ lagabhaga 6000 pANDulipiyA~ saMgrahIta ho cukI haiN| lagabhaga 1000 pANDulipiyoM ke sUcI- patra ke rUpa meM prathama bhAga kA 1995 I0 meM prakAzana kiyA gayA thaa| prathama bhAga kI bhA~ti isa bhAga meM bhI lagabhaga 1000 pANDulipiyoM kI vistRta sUcI dI gayI hai| pATaNa, khambhAta, jaisalamera, pUnA, limbaDI, ahamadAbAda Adi sthAnoM ke grantha bhaNDAroM ke prakAzita sUcIpatroM ke samAna hI isa sUcIpatra kA sarvatra Adara hogaa| aise zramasAdhya upayogI aura prAmANika sUcI ke praNayana aura prakAzana ke liye isake saMgrAhaka, sampAdaka aura prakAzaka sabhI badhAI ke pAtra haiM !

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191 sAbhAra prApti kAzI-darzana, muni sunIlasAgara; prakAzaka- zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina mandira pustakAlaya evaM vAcanAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI, prakAzana varSa 1999 I0, AkAra - DimAI, pR0 118, mUlya - svaadhyaay|| dharatI ke devatA, muni sunIlasAgara; prakAzaka - pUrvokta; prakAzana varSa 1999 I0; AkAra - DimAI; pRSTha - 10+83; mUlya - 10/- rupye| AcArya AdisAgara aMkalIkara paramparA, saMkalanakartA- munizrI sundarasAgara jI; prakAzaka - haragenakumAra jaina cairiTebala TrasTa, ArA (bihAra); prakAzana varSa 1999; AkAra - DimAI; pRSTha - 400; mUlya - 40 rupye| 4. karmanuM kampyUTara, lekhaka- munizrI meghadarzana vijaya jI ma0 sA0, prakAzaka - akhila bhAratIya saMskRti rakSaka dala, surata; prakAzana varSa 1999; AkAra - DimAI: pRSTha - 6+178; mUlya - 30 rupye| 5. sUtronA rahasyo, lekhaka-prakA0 - uparokta; prakAzana varSa - 1999I0; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 6+170; mUlya - 30 rupye| anekAnta svAdhyAya mandira : paricaya, pravRttiyA~ tathA bhajana, sampA0-- zrI jamanAlAla jaina; prakAzaka-anekAnta svAdhyAya mandira, rAmanagara, vardhA-442001 (mahArASTra); prathama saMraNa 1998 I0; pRSTha 84; aakaar-ddimaaii| zrI pArzvanAtha paMcakalyANaka vidhAna, racanAkAra- zrI rAjamala pavaiyA; prakAzaka- bAlabrahmacArI zrI sukumAla jI, vyavasthApaka- zrI mahAvIra jinAlaya, cimanagaMja maNDI, ujjaina (ma0pra0); prathama saMskaraNa 1999 I0, pRSTha 72; AkAra- DimAI; mUlya 12/- rupye|| 8. zrIsammedazikharapUjanaardhyAvali; racanAkAra- zrI rAjamala pavaiyA; prakAzanapUrvokta; prathama saMskaraNa 1999 I0; pRSTha 32; AkAra- pAkeTa sAija; mUlya 1 rupyaa| digambara samAja ke sammAnya sadasya zrImantrIbAbU ne saMsthAna ko eka uttama TeparikArDara pradAna kiyaa| isI prakAra zrIpArzvanAtha zvetAmbara janmabhUmimandira ke adhyakSa kuMvara vijayAnanda siMha ne saMsthAna ko eka eyara kaNDIzanara dene kA vacana diyA

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saMsthAna ke vikAsa meM sahayoga kA AhvAna (Ayakara adhiniyama 80 jI0 ke antargata deya anudAna para pacAsa pratizata kara mukta ) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha pichale sATha varSoM se samagra jaina saMskRti ke pracAra-prasAra meM anavarata lagA huA hai| kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se zodha saMsthAna ke rUpa meM use mAnyatA milI hI hai, pUrvAMcala vizvavidyAlaya se bhI mAnyatA milane kI ummIda hai| yahAM se mAnyatA mila jAne para saMsthAna meM snAtakottara pAThayakrama bhI prArambha kiye jA skeNge| abhI taka lagabhaga 150 choTe-bar3e grantha saMsthAna se prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura lagabhaga 60 chAtroM ne yahAM se pI-eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai| yahA~ chAtroM ke AvAsa, puskAlaya Adi kI samucita vyavasthA hai, ramaNIya parisara aura sundara vAtAvaraNa haiN| jainadharma para zodha karane vAle chAtroM ke lie to yaha saMsthAna eka mahattvapUrNa dena hai| seTha harajasarAya jI dvArA saMsthApita yaha saMsthAna zrI bI. ena. jaina aura zrI indrabhUti barar3a jaise suprasiddha udyogapatiyoM dvArA ArakSita aura sarvazrI jagannAtha jaina, zrImatI sItA devI jaina, amRtalAla jaina, nRparAja zAdIlAla jaina, dIpacandra jI gArDI, nemanAtha jaina, naka bhAI zAha, pukharAjamala luMkaDa, kizora ema. vardhana, zAntilAla bI. seTha, banArasI dAsa lAjavantI jaina, khAMtilAla zAha, sumatiprakAza jaina, zaurIlAla jaina, lAlA jaMgIlAla jaina, lAlA aridamana jaina, vijaya kumAra jaina motI vAlA, rAjakumAra jaina, aruNa kumAra jaina, jatindaranAtha jaina, tilakacanda jaina, dulIcanda jaina Adi jaise dAnavIra mahAnubhAvoM se poSita hai| saMsthAna ke bar3hate hue caraNa ko aura gatimAn banAne ke lie Apa sabhI ke Arthika sahayoga kI apekSA hai| yaha sahayoga Apa isa prakAra de sakate haiM 1. grantha prakAzana, 2. grantha kraya, 3. AvAsa nirmANa, 4 pustakadAna, zodha chAtravRtti, 6 . AlmArI, paMkhe Adi kA dAna, 7. zramaNa zodha patrikA grAhaka / 5. vartamAna meM saMsthAna ke prakAzana prApti ke lie 11000/- rupaye AjIvana sadasyatA zulka rakhA gayA hai| isake badale philahAla hama apane saMsthAna kA lagabhaga pandraha hajAra rupaye kA prakAzita sAhitya bheMTa dete hai tathA bhaviSya meM hone vAle sabhI prakAzana bhI unheM bheMTa diye jAte hai| uccakoTi ke sAhitya prakAzana ke lie bhI Apa saMsthAna se saMparka karane ke lie sAdara Amantrita haiN| Apake yA Apake nikaTatama vyakti kI smRti meM hama grantha prakAzana karate haiN| zramaNa ke sammAnanIya vArSika grAhakoM se anurodha hai ki varSa 1999 kA unakA

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193 vArSika zulka disambara meM samApta ho rahA hai ata: janavarI mAha meM zramaNa kA vArSika zalka bhejane kI kRpA kareM aura alaga se patra Ane kI pratIkSA na kreN| vArSika zalka Ane para hI zramaNa kA agalA aMka unheM preSita kiyA jA skegaa| sudhI pAThakoM se bhI nivedana hai ki ve zramaNa ke grAhaka banakara jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti ke pracAra-prasAra meM apanA sahayoga deN| zramaNa kA vArSika zulka 100/rupaye aura AjIvana sadasyatA zulka 500/- rupaye hai jo usake lAgata ke Adhe se bhI kama hai| lekhakoM se nivedana hai ki ve apane uccastarIya jaina zodha nibandha zramaNa meM prakAzanAtha bheje| lekha hindI, gujarAtI aura aMgrejI meM ho sakate haiN|

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zubha phalAbha zubha-vivAha HERE / tIna ho yA tyauhAra, zAdI ho yA gharabAra presTIja nibhAyegA bhAratIya vyaMjana paramparA koharabAra 44 PRESTIA - HED) - - Resma presTIja 965 riphAiMDa oNila evaM vanaspati ma yAya eca geDa indaura ko 451 205. 2015, 45.7.201-205 trima (2035) 41,6716 presTIja phUDsa limiTeDa, 30. mAghara mA