Samatvayoga Ek Samanvay Drushti

Author(s): Pritam Singhvi
Publisher: Navdarshan Society of Self Development Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002545/1

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samatvayoga eka samanvaya-dRSTi DaoN. prItama siMghavI Navdarshan Society of Self-Development Ahmedabad

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About the Book 'samatvaM yogamucyate' arthAt samatA hI yoga hai| samatA vastutaH paramAtmA kA sAkSAt svarUpa hai / isakI prApti bhAratIya naitika sAdhanA athavA yoga kA mukhya lakSya hai| samatA kA tAtparya hai mana kI sthiratA, rAgadveSa kA upazamana, samabhAva arthAt (sukha-duHkha meM nizcala rahanA / samabhAva kA yahI Adarza jainadharma kA kendra bindu rahA hai| jainadharma meM isake mahattva ko dikhAte hue bauddha aura bhagavadgItA ke sAdhanAmArgoM ko usake sAtha niSpakSa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA hai| pustaka meM samatva kA artha, paribhASA, samatva kA AdhAra, use prApta karane kA sAdhana, kriyA Adi kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| Kirin Education International

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samatvayoga eka samanvaya-dRSTi DaoN. prItama siMghavI Navdarshan Society of Self-Development Ahmedabad

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Samatavyog Ek Samanvay-Dristi (Praxis of Equanimity - A Synthetic View Point ) by Dr. Pritam Singhvi prakAzaka : navIna zAha menejiMga TrasTI navadarzana sosAyaTI oNpha selpha DevalopamenTa dharmayuga epArTamenTa ke pAsa, gulabAI TekarA, ahamadAbAda- 380006 prathama saMskaraNa : 1996 mUlya : rU.200-00 mudraka : harajIbhAI ena. paTela kriznA prinTarI 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gA~va, ahamadAbAda - 380013 dUrabhASa : 7484393

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Amukha zrImatI prItama siMghavI kI pustaka 'samatvayoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi' maiMne dekhI hai / pustaka meM samatvayoga - arthAt sAmAyika kI viziSTa carcA zrImatI siMghavI ne kI hai / sAmAyika kI viziSTa carcA ke samaya unhoMne kAyotsarga ke viSaya meM jo vivecana kiyA hai - vaha mArmika hai I jainoM kI kriyAoM meM sAmAyika kA vizeSa mahattva hai aura usa mahattva kA vizeSa vizleSaNa prastuta graMtha meM milegA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yahI batAI gaI hai kI ve hI eka sarvaprathama vyakti haiM jinhoMne sAmAyika kA upadeza diyA / sAmAyika kA tAtparya hai- saba jIva samAna haiM arthAt ve sabhI jInA cAhate haiM koI maranA nahIM caahtaa| ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samatva kA arthAt ahiMsA para upadeza diyA / isa viSaya kI viziSTa carcA prastuta pustaka meM milegI / vizvAsa hai ki prastuta pustaka sarvapayogI hogI aura sabhI prakAra ke vyakti usakA upayoga kareMge / tA. 6-2-96 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA

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PREFACE I am running a trust by name 'NAVDARSHAN SOCIETY OF SELF-DEVELOPMENI". The aim of the trust is welfare and wellbeing of mankind. The method of achieving this aim is through continuous education. Continuous education is the system where adult continues to expand his vision and horizons by expanding his knowledge through exposure and experience in life. This will be in the area of management, self-development, philosophy, psychology, social sciences, economics, religion etc. Thus it is confined to all round development of individual. To pursue this method, Trust has been organizing seminars, lectures, conferences etc. One such conference was organized in the year 1993-94 on the topic "Application of Anekant-vada" at Ahmedabad. In the conference many Jain Scholars from various parts of the country participated. I happened to meet Dr. Pritam Singhvi in the above conference. I am highly pleased that I was successful to motivate Dr. Pritam Singhvi to work on the subject 'Equanimity'. I have found her most gentle, unassuming and devotional for the mission and for making research on the above subject. It is an achievment that ultimately she has completed the thesis and it is our great pleasure to publish the same. On this occasion I would like to inform about the research work that trust has undertaken on the subject of Tranquility & Equanimity. The trust is opening one institution by name "Institute for Equanimity Research Center". The aim of this research will be to create a "Science of Equanimity". The word science denotes that "Equanimity" is not only philosophy but it is a science which can be applied to the life. It is psychological science which propagate to the mankind the life style or a way of living peacefully. It is to create a fundamental psychological constitution or a state of mind which will govern day today life in a very peacefully, comfortable and tranquil way. Through Equanimity man is capable to cope with the Socio-econimic problems, personnel egoistic problems, niental dis

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6 turbance. stress, tensions, worries etc. It is a state of mind which is above and beyond life crisis. It maintains permanent joy for all time to come and for all situations. This state of mind is called equanimity. All Indian philosophies and religions have only one pursuits or aim & objective. is as under : (1) Why suffering, misery, unhappiness, intranquility and mental disturbance come into individual mankind's life? (2) Is there any partial or complete remedial measures exists? If so, what are these solutions, theories, process or aradhana ? (3) What is the realistic meaning of welfare or well being or state of Moksha. All the three Indian religiom namely Jainism, Vedic & Bhddhism have same concepts of well being or Moksha. According to all three philosophy, state of well being is a state of perfect tranquility and permanent inner joy. Shanti and Anand is a state of Moksha or state of permanent bliss. All the three religions have found that cause of misery and suffering is due to psychological hunger of mankind for external and social pleasure or satisfaction. The needs (Eiachha and Manokamana), when remain (Atrupt) i.e. unsatisfied create misery. In this "pleasure seeking situation" satisfaction depends entirely upon external object's behavior. The behavior of external objects are uncertain and unpredictable and therefore it creates misery, dissatisfaction and mental disturbance. All three, Jain, Vedic and Buddhist philosophy have resolved that there can be a solution to these problems. Detachment & undisturbed state of mind is possible. This state of mind where disturbance does not take place is called tranquility. The methods which maintain & store tranquility is termed as Equanimity. Tranquility is the end & Equanimity is the means. To achieve a state of mind or state of Equanimity, all the three religions have invented variety of

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methods & means of Sadhana. : Approches :- Each religion has developed a very Specialized niethods of sadhana, of its own. when decision is based on impulsion, interest, or unscientific motivation, life will jeopardise, and disturb and tranquality will not come into existance. Reality, truth and scientific observation need to be the foundation of intent and motive. If tranquil consequences, is desired, Not impulse but truth need to govern the mind and life for tranquality. Broadly speaking all these Sadhana or methodoligy can be divided into following approach : 1) Rational approach 2) Realization approach 3) Relaxation approach 4) Renewing the physical self approach 5) Re-adjustment Social system approach. 1) Rational Approach :- In rational approach religious philosophy has created various thesis & philosophy to appeal rational phenomena of the mankind. Here aim is to change a fundamental psychology i.e. way of thinking, feeling, belief systeni and the way of perception. Vedic has created Geeta & Karmawad. Jain has created Pragnawad. 2) Realization Approach :- Tranquility is the phenomena which can be understood by realization or experience. It is a state of complete awaraness of undisturbed state of mind. The techniques of awareness has been advocated by all the three religion. Vedic has advocated Jap', 'devotion', 'meditation'. Jain advocates 'Samiak and Prati Kraman. However Buddhist developed the 'Science of awarness in more depth. All these methods are helpful in awakening inner awarness. Awareness is a faculty which keeps the individual in direct touch of the universal objects & thereby creates a very realistic knowledge through personal experience & exposure. Thus the knowledge acquired through realization refrain froni "misconception", "-fan

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tasy", "illusion" and "Mithyatva" and "Avidhya". Realization is a faculty to acquire wisdom, prudence, "Pragna" and "Gyan". Thus realization approach is fundamentally required to achieve the state Equanimity without which tranquility is not possible. 3) Relaxation Approah :- Mental disturbance causes disorder of (Gyantantu) nervous system which ultimately adversely affect emotional, psychological, & physical sides of the life. Fundamentally it is necessary, that man should learn relaxation techniques. It keeps nervous system cool and calm. Vedic has develop yog nindra", Patanjali has developed various meditational exercises, Jain has developed 'Samaik' and 'Pratikraman'. However Buddhist have expertise in meditation practice & aradhana. "Vipashyana", "zen", "marshal art", "tea ceremony" & thousands of other meditation & relaxation approach have been invented by Buddhist. The fundamental aim is to relax very deeply nervous system which has been highly disturbed by the problems of life. The psychological hygiene and physical fitness is not possible without healthy and funcational nervous system. 4) Re - adjustment Social System Approach :- In doing so, they also have advocated external code of conduct, social code & ethical code which is external phenomena rather than spiritual phenomena. Thus in this approach basic concept is to maintain physical well being & social well being. Navdarshan Trust is making research on the above philisophy. The area of research shall be as under :1) To Make study of old scripture with reference to equanimity. 2) Scientifically define the old terms & process. 3) To redefine the old concept into modern terminology. 4) To create a therapy or a Process to make change from disturbed mind to tranquil state of mind or Equanimity state of mind. 5) To propagate Equanimity & to create awarness into public consciousness.

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6) To refrain from unscientific practice, blind faith, and supersition. The trust is making all endeavor on the above policy & direction. Research of Dr. Pritam Singhvi on the subject 'SaniatvayogEk, Samanvay Dhrashti' (Praxis of Equanimity - A synthesis view point) is very good contribution in the above mission. The treatment of subject is lucid as one would wish. The thesis is a comparative research collection of data on equanimity from old scriptures of Vedic, Jain & Buddhist. It creates a sound base to understand the concepts and philosophy of equanimity and means to achieve it. It is my belief that knowing your permanent reality gives meaning to life. We feel proud to present such unique work for public welfare. We shall be happy if public consciousness and awarness is created towards equanimity. After awarness, change will take place in people's life by its own momentum. Thanking you Navin Shah Managing Trustee Navdarshan Society of Self Development

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prAkkathana viSaya kI maulikatA : saMsAra ke mahApuruSa apane viziSTa jIvananirmANa ke bala para susaMskAroM kI aisI ajasra dhArA pravAhita karate haiM jo eka unnAyaka saMskRti kA svarUpa dhAraNa karake eka naI sabhyatA ko janma detI hai aura aisI sabhyatA sampUrNa mAnavajAti kA AnevAle kaI yugoM taka pathanirdeza karatI hai / aisA darzanapravAha aura usake siddhAnta mAnavamana ko zAnti va sukha pradAna karate hai / aise hI siddhAntoM kA ziromaNi hai samatva kA siddhAnta, jisake anusaraNa se vyakti evaM samAja ke jIvana meM samarasatA kA saMcAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'samatvaM yogamucyate' arthAt samatA hI yoga hai / samatA se tAtparya hai mana kI sthiratA, rAga dveSa kA upazamana, samabhAva arthAt sukha-duHkha meM nizcala rahanA / rAga-dveSa ke bhAvoM se apane Apako haTAkara sva.- svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA vastutaH samatva hai| samatA vastuta: paramAtmA kA sAkSAt svarUpa hai / isakI prApti bhAratIya naitika sAdhanA athavA yoga kA mukhya lakSya hai| rAga-dveSa Adi samasta mAnasika vikAroM tathA antardvandvo se mukta hone para hI manuSya ko samatva kI prApti hotI hai, use apane vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / jaina naitikatA kA vItarAgatA yA samatvayoga (samabhAva) kA Adarza, bauddha naitikatA kA samyaka samAdhi yA vItataSNatA kA Adarza aura bhagavadagItA kA naitika Adarza bhI isa dvandvAtIta sAmyAvasthA kI upalabdhi hai| kyoMki vahI abandhana kI avasthA hai| bhagavadgItA jaba jJAnayoga, karmayoga yA bhaktiyoga kA vivecana karatI hai to ye usakI sAdhanayoga kI vyAkhyAe~ haiM / sAdhana aneka ho sakate haiM / jJAna, karma aura bhakti sabhI sAdhana- yoga hai, sAdhya-yoga nahIM / lekina samatvayoga sAdhyayoga hai / isa prakAra rAga-dveSAtIta samatvaprApti kI dizA meM prayatna hI samAlocya AcAra-darzanoM kI naitika sAdhanA kA kendriya tattva hai| samabhAva kA yahI Adarza jainadharma kA kendriya darzana hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra kiyA, usa zramaNa kA eka artha yadi samaNa hotA hai to dUsarA samana bhI arthAt 'jo saMskRti samabhAva meM pravatta karAne

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vAlI ho / isa prakAra zramaNa saMskRti kA upAsaka samyak dRSTi rakhane vAlA hotA hai, vaha sabhI paristhitiyoM meM samatva kA dhyAna rakhatA hai; vaha prANImAtra ko apane samAna samajhane vAlA, sabake hita jAra sukha kA vyavahAra karane vAlA, saMyogaviyoga, duHkha-sukha, bhavana-vana, zatru-mitra Adi ke prati samabhAva rakhane vAlA hotA hai|' ___ahaMkAra, Asakti, garva Adi kA tyAga kara tathA trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhane vAlA vyakti hI samyag dRSTi hai, samatAyogI hai| aura aisA vyakti hI mokSa pAtA hai| jaina darzana meM samatvayoga ke mahattva ko dikhAte hue maiMne bauddha aura bhagavadgItA ke sAdhanAmArgoM ko isake sAtha niSpakSa rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai| adhyayana kI zailI tulanAtmaka hai / maiMne yaha spaSTa karane kI taTastha rUpa se koziSa kI hai ki jaina, bauddha aura bhagavadgItA ke sAdhanAmArga svataMtra aura bhinna hote hue bhI mUlata: eka hai / vAstava meM samatva kI prApti hI unakA mukhya lakSya hai| isa viSaya para likhate samaya mujhe apAra Ananda aura Atma-santuSTi kI anubhUti huI hai isaliye mujhe AtmavizvAsa hai ki prabuddha pAThakoM ko bhI ise par3hate samaya Ananda aura zAnti kI anubhUti hogI / kRtajJatAjJApana : 'samatvayoga, eka samanvaya dRSTi' viSayaka mere isa adhyayana evaM ktina ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane meM / jina mahApuruSoM, vicArakoM, dArzanikoM, lekhakoM, gurujanoM evaM mitroM kA sahayoga rahA hai una sabake prati AbhAra pradarzita karanA maiM apanA punIta kartavya samajhatI huuN| sarvaprathama maiM zrI navInabhAI zAha, TrasTI, navadarzana sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinhoMne mujhe isa kArya ko karane ke lie prerita kiyA / unhIM kI preraNA, evaM sahayoga se maiM apanA yaha kArya pUrNa kara sakI hU~ tathA AzA karatI hU~ ki bhaviSya meM bhI mujhe unakA sahayoga prApta hotA

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rhegaa| ___ AdaraNIya paMDitavarya, AgamavettA, mahAmanISI udAramanA pahAbhUSaNa paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI preraNA aura mArgadarzana ke binA yaha kArya asambhava thA / apanA amUlya samaya nikAla kara unhoMne merI isa pustaka kA prUpha par3hA tathA samaya-samaya para Avazyaka sujhAva diye / saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke zlokoM meM AI huI truTiyoM ko sahI karane meM bhI unakA yogadAna rahA / unake RNa kA ullekha mAtra karatI hU~ kyoMki merI icchA hai ki maiM sadaiva unakI RNa banI rhuuN| una gurujanoM ke prati, jinake vyaktigata sneha, protsAhana evaM mArgadarzana ne mujhe isa kArya meM sahayoga diyA hai, yahA~ zraddhA prakaTa karanA bhI merA anivArya kartavya hai / sauhArda, saujanya evaM saMyama kI mUrti DaoN. bhAyANI sAhaba kI maiM atyanta AbhArI huuN| apane svAsthya tathA vyaktigata kAryoM kI ciMtA nahIM karate hue bhI unhoMne prastuta grantha ke aneka aMzoM ko dhyAnapUrvaka par3hA evaM yathAvasara usameM sudhAra evaM saMzodhana ke lie nirdeza bhI diyA / maiM nahIM samajhatI hU~ ki kevala zAbdika AbhAra vyakta karane mAtra se maiM unake prati apane dAyitva se uRNa ho sakatI huuN| ___ maiM una sabhI AcAryoM, lekhakoM evaM anya vidvAnoM kI kRtajJa hU~, jinakI kRtiyoM kA maiMne apane kArya meM upayoga kiyA hai / tathA jinake sAhitya ne na kevala mere ciMtana ko dizA-nirdeza diyA hai varan jaina granthoM ke aneka mahattvapUrNa saMdarbho ko binA prayAsa ke mere lie upalabdha karAyA hai| maiM apane sva. pUjya pitAzrI evaM mAtAzrI kI bhI AbhArI hU~ jinake AzIrvacana rUpa bIja ke prasphuTana kA hI yaha sAkAra phala hai / lekhana kArya kI vyasthatA ke avasara para mere pati DaoN. sajjana siMghavI tathA mere putra saMjaya evaM saMdIpa se jo samaya-samaya para sarAhanIya preraNA va sahayoga milatA rahA hai usake lie maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| isa graMtha ko prakAzita karane meM navadarzana sosAyaTI, va kriznA prinTarsa dvArA jo sahayoga pradAna kiyA gayA usake lie bhI maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN|

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13 isa prayAsa meM merA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai, sabhI gurujanoM kA diyA huA hai, isameM maiM apanI maulikatA kA bhI kyA dAvA karU~? maiMne to anekAneka AcAryoM, vicArakoM evaM lekhakoM ke zabda evaM vicAra-sumanoM kA saMcaya kara mA~ sarasvatI ke samarpaNa hetu isa mAlA kA graMthana kiyA hai| jise Apake samakSa prastuta kara rahI huuN| DaoN. prItama siMghavI

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14 rUparekhA prathama adhyAya meM samatva kA artha, paribhASA, svarUpa tathA mahattva kI carcA kI, hai| samatva ke svarUpa se sambandhita jaina, bauddha aura bhagavadgItA kI dhArAoM kA adhyayana karane ke sAtha Adhunika yuga meM isa vicAradhArA se sambandhita gA~dhI, pleTo tathA kArla mArksa ke vicAroM kA adhyayana bhI isa adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM samatva ke AdhAra zAntarasa tathA bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika zAnti mAnava hRdaya ke lie sArabhUta hai| jIvana kA koI bhI kSaNa cAhe va sukha kA ho athavA du:kha kA, AdhyAtmika zAnti kI icchA kiye bagaira nahIM gujaratA / zAntarasa kI utpatti AtmA kI svatantratA se hotI hai / isakA sambandha icchAoM ke vinAza se hotA hai / jyoMjyoM rAga-dveSa kI AkulatA kama hotI jAtI hai aura jJAna kA Aloka phailatA jAtA hai, tyoM tyoM anta:karaNa meM zAnti kA vikAsa hotA hai / zAnta rasa hI samatva kA AdhAra hai| isa rasa ke viSaya meM vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki manuSya meM isa bhAva ko abhyAsa ke dvArA pakar3ane kI kSamatA hai tathA jise yaha prApta ho jAtA hai use Atmika zAnti prApta ho jAtI hai / zAnta rasa prApta kaise kiyA jAya ? isako prApta karane kA sAdhana kyA hai tathA zAnta rasa ko prApta karane kA sAdhana bhAvanAoM kA bhI vistRta adhyayana isa adhyAya meM kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana-ratnatraya (jJAna, darzana, cAritra) kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jainadarzana mokSaprApti ke lie trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna prastuta karatA hai / samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyak cAritra mokSa kA mArga hai| bauddha darzana meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kA vidhAna hai| bhagavadgItA meM bhI jJAna, karma aura bhakti ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanAmArga kA ullekha hai| pAzcAtya darzana bhI cintana ke tIna AdezoM ko mAnatA hai| isa trividha sAdhanA ke vidhAna ke pIche AcAryoM kI manovaijJAnika

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sUjha rahI hai kyoMki mAnavIya cetanA ke tInoM pakSa jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa kA isake dvArA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| bhAvAnAtmaka pakSa ke vikAsa ke liye samyak darzana, jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke liye jJAna aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa ke liye samyak cAritra kA honA Avazyaka hai| isa adhyAya meM ina tInoM kA vistRta vivecana samatva kI siddhi ke sAdhanoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM samatvayoga prApta karane kI kriyA sAmAyika tathA pratikramaNa kA vistRta vivecana diyA gayA hai / sabhI AtmA samAna haiM yahI sAmAyika hai| uparokta adhyAya meM sAmAyika ke vibhinna artha, usakI vyAkhyA, lakSaNa, prakAra, mahattva tathA sAmAyika va vaidika saMdhyA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kaise prApta hotI hai tathA isase samabhAva kaise prApta hotA hai isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM anekAntavAda kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma kA mUla ahiMsA hai aura ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai anekAnta dRSTi / anekAntavAda bhAratIya darzanoM kI eka saMyojaka kar3I aura jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai| vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA yA asahiSNutA IrSyA-dveSa kI jananI hai / isa asahiSNutA ko maiM andhakAra se kama nahIM samajhatI / Aja samAja meM asamAnatA aura azAnti hai, isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA hai / isa saMkIrNatA ko anekAntavAda miTatA hai / anekAntavAda kA mAnanA hai ki vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / koI darzana kisI eka dharma ko mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai to dUsarA darzana kisI dUsare dharma ko mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai| donoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka hI dravya hai, kintu ekAMgI pratipAdana ke kAraNa ve virodhI se pratIta hote haiN| unameM pratIta hone vAle virodha kA zamana anekAnta dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta kA artha yahI hai ki koI dRSTi pUrI nahIM hai, koI dRSTi virodhI nahIM hai, saba dRSTiyA~ sahayogI haiM aura saba dRSTiyA~ kisI bar3e satya anekAMta meM samAhita ho jAtI haiM / anekAnta hI eka aisI ddaSTi hai jisake AdhAra para samatva, samanvaya va zAnti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai /

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SaSTha adhyAya meM samatva-prApti kI prakriyA-yoga, tapa, dhyAna tathA inase kisa prakAra se AdhyAtmika vikAsa hokara mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, isa viSaya kA vistRta vivaraNa hai / mAnavajIvana kA uddezya dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa prApta karanA hai / cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ke mArga para bar3hate hue yoga, tapa aura dhyAna sAdhanA ke dvArA samAdhi kI ucca-uccatara avasthAoM ko pAra karate hue, anta meM apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI sAdhanA kA parama lakSya hai| pUrNa samatva kI yaha avasthA jaina-dharma meM vItarAga-dazA, bhagavadgItA meM sthitaprajJatA tathA bauddha darzana meM ArhatAvasthA (arhadavasthA) ke nAma se jAnI jAtI

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anukrama prathama adhyAya samatvayoga (2) (3) (1) samatva kA artha tathA paribhASA samatva kA svarUpa samatvayoga kA mahattva samatvayoga aura ahiMsA bauddhadharma meM samatvayoga bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga samatvayoga aura pleTo (8) samatvayoga aura kArlamArksa (9) samatvayoga aura mahAtmA gA~dhI (10) samatvayoga aura bhedavijJAna dvitIya adhyAya samatva kA AdhAra zAntaras tathA bhAvanAe~ (1) zAnta rasa kA artha tathA mahattva sAhitya aura dharma meM zAnta rasa zAnta rasa prApta karane ke vibhina sAdhana (a) Atmazuddhi (ba) bhAvanA (i) maitrI bhAvanA (ii) pramoda bhAvanA (iii) karuNA bhAvanA (iv) mAdhyastha bhAvanA (sa) upAsanA 69-115 (2) 70 74 sAdhanA

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18 tRtIya adhyAya jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana-ratnatraya (jJAna, darzana, cAritra) 116 (1) vibhinna paramparAoM meM ratnatraya 116 (2) samyak darzana kA artha tathA mahattva 122 vaidika paramparA meM samyak darzana 129 bauddhadarzana meM samyak darzana130 samyak darzana ke ATha AcAra 132 samyagdarzana guNa kI prApti ke yoga se AtmA meM prakaTa honevAle usake pAMca lakSaNa : 137 i. prazama ii. saMvega iii. nirveda iv. anukampA v. Astikya (7) samyak jJAna kA artha tathA mahattva 150 (8) bauddha darzana meM samyak cAritra155 (9) vaidika paramparA meM samyak cAritra (zIla yA sadAcAra) caturtha adhyAya samatvayoga prApta karane kI kriyA-sAmAyika 164-216 (1) sAmAyika kA artha tathA svarUpa (2) Avazyaka karttavya kA prAthamika aMga-sAmAyika sAmAyika ke bheda sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai| . sAmAyika kA samaya (6) sAmAyika kA mahattva

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19 (7) vaidika saMdhyA aura sAmAyika (8) sAmAyika se hRdaya kI pavitratA (9) jaina, bauddha aura vaidika saMdhyA tathA pArasI dharma-sampradAya meM pracalita Avazyaka kriyA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (10) pratikramaNa 221 224 (6) pa~cama adhyAya samanvaya, zAnti aura samabhAva kA AdhAra-anekAntavAda 217 (1) anekAnta kA artha 218 (2) anekAnta kA udbhava tathA uddezya (3) anekAnta kI maryAdA anekAnta kI khoja kA uddezya tathA usake prakAzana kI zarte 225 (5) anekantavAda : samanvaya, zAnti aura samabhAva kA sUcaka 226 anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyA~ 243 (i) vaidika darzana aura syAdvAda (a) sAMkhyayoga aura syAdvAda (ba) nyAya-vaizeSika aura syAdvAda (sa) pUrva-mImAMsA darzana aura syAdvAda (da) vedAnta aura syAdavAda (ii) cArvAka darzana aura syAdvAda (iii) pAzcAtya darzana aura syAdvAda anekAntavAda kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa (8) anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva 257 250

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20 SaSTha adhyAya samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama evaM mokSa268 (1) yoga (2) tapa (i) kAyotsarga (ii) dhyAna (3) AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama (i) jaina paramparA meM (ii) vaidika paramparA meM (iii) bauddha paramparA meM (4) mokSa (i) jaina yoga se mokSa (ii) vaidika yoga se kaivalya athavA mokSa (iii) bauddha yoga se nirvANa

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samatvayoga prathama adhyAya samatvayoga samatA kA mUlAdhAra hotA hai samabhAva jo manuSya ke mana se upaja kara sampUrNa vizva ko apanI zItala chAyA se Dhaka letA hai / isI chAyA meM vyakti kA bAhya evaM sAmAjika vikAsa saphalatA kI sIr3hiyA~ car3hatA hai to vyakti kI antaraMga yAtrA ihaloka se paraloka kI sImAoM taka samunnata banatI hai / saba ora saMzodhana aura nava-sarjana kI lahara phaila jAtI hai / samabhAva kA vizAla vaTa-vRkSa hI samatA ke laukika aura alaukika svarUpoM meM pratiphalita, pallavita aura puSpita hotA hai / kyA hotA hai aisA sundara samabhAva ? tIrthaMkaradevoM kI upadeza-dhArA meM samabhAva kA sundara kamala khilA huA hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (1-10-6) meM bhagavAna kA vacana hai ki - "savvaM jagaM tu samayANu pehI / piyamappiyaM kassa vi no karejjA / " __arthAta samagra vizva ko jo samabhAva se dekhatA hai, vaha na kisI kA priya karatA hai na kisI kA apriya / samadarzI apane parAye kI bheda-buddhi se pare ho jAtA hai / samabhAva kI sAdhanA ko paripakva tabhI mAnA gayA hai jaba samagra vizva eka aura eka-rUpatA meM dikhAI de - itane eka ke usa paridRzya meM se vyakti ojhala ho jAya / vaha kisI eka kA priyakArI bhI nahIM banegA aura apriyakArI bhI nahIM, kyoMki kisI eka. kA priyakArI kisI dUsare kA apriyakArI ho sakatA hai| apanI uccastha zreNI meM vaha samadarzI ho jaayegaa| samatA koI khela tamAzA nahIM hai, pratyuta paramAtmA kA sAkSAt svarUpa hai / jisakA mana samatA meM sthita ho jAtA hai, vaha yahA~ jIte-jI-hI saMsAra para vijaya prApta kara letA hai aura parabrahma paramAtmA kA anubhava kara letA hai| (gItA 5 / 19) yaha samatA taba AtI hai jaba dUsaroM kA duHkha apanA duHkha aura

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi dUsaroM kA sukha apanA sukha ho jAtA hai / gItA meM kRSNa kahate haiM, 'hai arjuna ! jo puruSa apane zarIra kI taraha saba jagaha sama dekhatA hai, vaha yogI parama zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / ' (6 / 32) 'samatA' darzana aura cintana kA viSaya to hai hI, vaha sampUrNa jIvanapaddhati bhI hai / vAstava meM jIvana kI vahI paddhati hai / usase bhinna paddhati se na jIvana kI sArthakatA saMbhava hai, na jagata kI / samatA ko yadi kisI dharma-vizeSa se jor3anA hI par3e to sarvaprathama hamArA dhyAna jaina-dharma kI ora AkarSita hotA hai / mAnavatA kA sarvAdhika cintana, manana aura saMrakSaNa karane vAlA dharma jaina-dharma hI dikhAI detA hai / samatva kA hara aMga-pratyaMga yahA~ bhalIbhA~ti puSpita aura pallavita huA jaina-dharma, jaina-darzana aura jaina-saMskRti samatA para AdhArita hai / jaise nIMva ke Upara bhavya prAsAda kA nirmANa huA karatA hai isI taraha samatA kI nIMva para jaina-dharma-darzana yA jaina-saMskRti kA mahala khar3A huA hai| jaina saMskRti kI AtmA samatA hai / samatA ke binA jaina dharma niSprANa hai / samatA hI isa zramaNa-saMskRti kA mUlAdhAra hai / 'AcArAMga' sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pveithe"| jaba vyakti krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko zamita karatA hai, jaba vaha saMsAra ke saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajhane lagatA hai to vaha svayameva saMba prakAra ke pApoM se, klezoM se, saMgharSoM se baca jAtA hai; vaha apane Apa meM abhUtapUrva Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai; vaha sarvathA nirAkula aura zAMta bana jAtA hai; vaha saba dvandvoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / yaha dvandva-mukti hI samatA kI zreSTha sAdhanA hai| isa taraha samatA-darzana vyakti ke jIvana ko duHkhamukta banAtA hai, nirAkula banAtA hai aura use parama zAnti pradAna karatA hai /

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3 samattrayoga 1. samatva kA artha tathA paribhASA / samatA zabda 'sama' aura 'tA' - ina do padoM ke yoga se banatA hai| 'sam' (vaiklvye ) dhAtu se 'ac' pratyaya' hokara 'sama' pada banA, jisakA artha hai samAna' 'tA' (tal) bhAvavAcI pratyaya hai / ataH samatA kA artha huA samAnatA kA bhAva / 'sama' zabda prAkRta evaM saMskRta meM samAna rUpa se prayukta hotA hai prAkRta 'sama' zabda ke saMskRta meM tIna paryAyavAcI haiM - sama, zama, aura zrama / isI prakAra prAkRta 'sama' zabda se nirmita samaNa (zramaNa) ke bhI saMskRta meM tIna paryAyavAcI hote haiM - samana, zamana, aura zramaNa / 'samaNa' kA artha hotA hai jo samatA bhAva kA dhArI hai, jo apanI vRttiyoM ko zAnta rakhatA hai aura jo apane vikAsa ke lie nirantara parizrama yA tapa (zramu tapasi khede ca) karatA rahatA hai / ataH samatA kA artha huA samabhAva, zAnta bhAva tathA zramazIlatA athavA tapa:zIlatA / dUsare zabdoM meM prANImAtra ke prati samatva kI udAra bhAvanA se samanvita AtmotthAna ke lie prazAnta vRttitA evaM tapa:zIlatA hI samatA hai| samatva ____ AtmA kI prazAnta nirmala vRtti hI 'samatA' hai / vahI samyak cAritra rUpa mokSa kA mUla hai / AcArya kundakunda (I.prathama zatI) ne cAritra kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai : "cArittaM khalu dhammo-dhammo jo so samo tti NiTThio // mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu samo // 1. 'nandigrahipacodibhyo lyuNinyacaH' 3.1.134, pANini ke isa sUtra se 'sam' kA pacAdi gaNa meM pATha hone ke kAraNa 'ac' pratyaya huA / 2. 'samastulya: sadRkSaH sadRzaH sahak sAdhAraNa: samAnazca' amara koza, 2.10.36 / 3. 'tasya bhAvastvatalau' 5.1.119, pANini ke isa sUtra se 'tal' (t) huA, tadanantara strIvAcI 'TAp' (A) pratyaya huA / 4. Eguality, Impartiality - ApTe kI saMskRta--iMgliza DiksanarI pR. 1093. 5. zrI indracandra- 'bhAratIya saMskRti kI do dhArAe~ sanmati jJAnapITa, AgarA, pR. 4-5 / 6. AcArya kundakunda- 'pravacanasAra', sampAdaka DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, gAthA kra. 1/7 /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi arthAt - moha aura kSobha se rahita Atma-pariNAmarUpa samatva hI dharma hai, aura usI dharma ko samyak cAritra samajhanA cAhie / AcArya amRtacandra sUri (I.dazama zatI) ne 'tattvapradIpikA-vRtti' meM ukta gAthA kI TIkA karate hue 'samatA' kI nimna paribhASA kI hai : 'svarUpe''caraNaM cAritraM..., tadeva vstusvbhaavtvaaddhrmH| tadeva ca yathAvasthitAtmaguNatvAt sAmyam / sAmyaM tu darzanacAritramohanIyodayApAditasamasta mohakSobhAbhAvAdatyantanirvikAro jIvasya pariNAmaH / " arthAt-apane svarUpa meM AcaraNa hI vastu kA svabhAva hone ke kAraNa dharma hai| vahI dharma sAmya arthAt samatA hai / darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya, ina donoM karmoM ke udaya se prApta moha aura kSobha ke abhAva se atyanta nivikAra jIva kA svabhAva hI samatA hai / AcArya jayasena (I.dvAdaza zatI) ne ukta grantha kI apanI 'tAtparyavRtti' nAmaka TIkA meM 'sama' kA artha 'zama' karate hue likhA hai - ___ "dharmo paH sa tu zama iti nidissttH| sa evaM zamo mohakSobhavihInaH zuddhAtmapariNAmo bhaNyate, ityabhiprAyaH / sAmAyika pATha meM isa samadRSTi kI mahimA isa prakAra gAI gaI hai - (1) duHkhe sukhe vairivibaMdhuvarge yoge-viyoge bhavane vane vA / nirAkRtA zeSamamatvabuddhe samaM manome'stu sadApi nAtha // ahaMkAra, Asakti, garva Adi kA tyAga kara tathA trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhane vAlA vyakti hI samyagdRSTi hai, samatAyogI hai - (2) nimmamo nirahaMkAro nissaMgo cattagAravo / samo ya savvabhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya // 1. A. amRtacanda kI TIkA, pR. 7-8 / 2. A. jayasena kI TIkA, pR. 7-8 / 3. sAmAyikapATha, zloka-3 4. uttarAdhyayana a. 19, gAthA 29

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samatvayoga aura aisA vyakti hI nissaMdeha mokSa pAtA hai - (3) 'samabhAvabhAviappA lAhai mukkhaM na saMdeho'1 zrImadbhagavadgItA' yogazAstra ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yoga kI paribhASA batAte hue usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'samatva' hI yoga hai| siddhi tathA asiddhi, ina donoM meM samAna bhAva hI samatva hai| kRSNa ne arjuna ko zikSA dI ki he dhanaJjaya ! tU anAsakta bhAva se yoga meM sthita hokara karma kara -- "yogasthaH karu karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA dhanaJjaya / siddhyasiddhyoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate // gItA meM 'samatva' ko mUrdhanya pratiSThA sthApita karate hue use karmabandhana se mukti prApta karane kA sAdhana nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - buddhimAn puruSa puNya aura pApa, donoM kA parityAga kara detA hai / ataH tU samatva buddhiyoga ke lie hI ceSTA kr| yaha samatva buddhiyoga hI karmoM meM caturatA hai, arthAt karma-bandhana se chUTane kA upAya hai|" "buddhiyukto jahAtIha ubhe sukRtaduSkRte / tasmAd yogAya yujyasva yogaH karmasu kauzalam // 1. AcArya haribhadrasUri 2. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 2-48 / 3. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 2-50 /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 2. samatva kA svarUpa 'samaNo samasuhadukkho' sukha aura duHkha, ina donoM meM eka samAna anubhUti, jIvana kI sabase mahAna saphalatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH pratyeka dharma meM sukha-duHkha ko samAna rUpa se sahana karane para bala diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna kRSNa ne arjuna se kahA thA ki yadi tU pApa se bacanA cAhatA hai to sukha-duHkha, lAbha-hAni aura jaya-parAjaya ko samAna samajhakara, phira yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho ; na priya ko prApta kara harSita ho aura na apriya ko prApta kara udvigna / sukha-duHkha ko samAna samajhane vAlA dhIra puruSa nirvANa kA adhikArI hai : "sukhaduHkhe same kRtvA lAbhAlAbhau jayAjayau / tato yuddhAya yujyasva naivaM pApamavApsyasi // "na prahRSyet priyaM prApya nodvijet prApya cApriyam // "samaduHkhasukhaM dhIraM so'mRtatvAya kalpate / "3 jaina dharma meM 'sAmAyika' kI bar3I pratiSThA hai / aNuvratI gRhastha ke cAra zikSAvratoM meM aura mahAvratI sAdhu ke pA~ca cAritroM meM sAmAyika kA samAveza hai| rAga-dveSa kI nivRttipUrvaka samasta Avazyaka kartavyoM meM samatA bhAva kA avalambana sAmAyika hai / AcArya amitagati ne 'sAmAyika pATha' meM sAmAyika ke svarUpa kA acchA pratipAdana kiyA hai : "duHkhe sukhe vairiNi bandhuvarge yoge viyoge bhuvane vane vA / nirAkRtAzeSamamatvabuddheH samaMmano me'stu sadApi nAtha / / 1. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 2-38. 2. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 5-20. 3. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 2-15. 4. AcArya umAsvAti 'tattvArthasUtra' 7-21 tathA 9-18. 5. AcArya amitagati-'sAmAyika pATha' 3.

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samatva kA svarUpa arthAt he deva, sampUrNa mamatva buddhi se rahita merA mana sukha-duHkha, bairI bandhu, saMyoga-viyoga, bhuvana-vana Adi viSamatAoM meM samatva kA anubhava kare / mahAvIra ne zramaNa aura brAhmaNa kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA thA - "muMDa-muMDA lene se koI zramaNa aura 'om' 'om' raTane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA; kintu brAhmaNa banane ke lie brahmacarya aura zramaNa banane ke lie samatA dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai|" "na vi muNDieNa samaNo, oMkAreNa na babhbhaNo / samayAe samaNo hoI, babhbhacereNa bambhaNo // "? AcArya kundakunda ne bhI samabhAva ko zramaNatva kA mUla mAnA hai : "suviditapayatthasutto saMjamajavasaMjudo vigadarAgo / samaNo samasuhadukkho bhaNido suddhovaogo tti // " 2 arthAt jIvAdi nava padArtha tathA tatpratipAdaka sUtroM ko jAnane ke pazcAt saMyama tathA tapa se yukta vItarAga zramaNa jaba sukha-duHkha meM samAna anubhUti karane lagatA hai tabhI vaha zuddha tathA yogI kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra sukha-duHkha meM samatva kI anubhUti samatA kA avikala svarUpa hai| "vItarAgAt paro devo na bhUto na bhaviSyati / " samatA kA eka dUsarA rUpa bhI hai - na kisI ke prati rAga aura na kisI ke prati dveSa / saMkSepa meM hama ise vItarAga bhAva kaha sakate haiM / gItA kA "sthitapUjJa' vItarAgatA kA samanvita rUpa hai| sthitaprajJa na to duHkha meM udvigna hotA hai aura na sukha meM spRhI / vaha rAga, bhaya tathA krodha-sabhI para vijaya prApta kara letA hai; vaha sarvatra sneha ko tyAgakara na to zubha kI prApti meM prasanna aura na azubha kI prApti meM duHkhI hotA hai; rAga aura dveSa donoM se rahita hokara, vazIbhUta indriyoM se viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA huA svAdhIna AtmAvAlA vaha antaHkaraNa kI nirmalatA ko prApta karatA hai :1. uttarAdhyayana, 25, 31-32 / 2. pravacanasAra, 1-14 /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi "duHkheSvanudvignamanAH sukheSu vigataspRhaH / vItarAgabhayakrodhaH sthitadhIrmunirucyate // yaH sarvatrAnabhisnehastattatprApya zubhAzubham / nAbhinandati na dveSTi tasya prajJA pratiSThitA // rAgadveSaviyuktaistu viSayAnindriyaizcaran / AtmavazyaividheyAtmA prasAdamadhigacchati // jaina dharma meM vItarAgatA, Apta (Izvara) kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai : na rAgadveSamohAzca yasyAptaH sa prakIrtyate / "2 sAdhu, rAga aura dveSa ina donoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie hI sAdhutva kA AcaraNa karatA hai : "rAgadveSanivRtyai caraNaM pratipadyate sAdhuH / "3 AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki hiMsAdi pApoM se nivRtti ke lie rAgadveSa se nivRtta honA Avazyaka hai : "rAgadveSa-nivRtte hiMsAdinivartanA kRtA bhavati / "4 ve, vAsupUjya jinakI stuti karate hue kahate haiM : "bhagavan, Apa vItarAga haiM isa kAraNa Apako merI pUjA se koI prayojana nahIM, aura Apa vItadveSa haiM isa kAraNa kisI kI nindA se bhI Apako koI prayojana nahIM / phira bhI Apake puNya guNoM kA smaraNa pAparUpI maila ko haTAkara hamAre citta ko pavitra karatA hai / " "na pUjayA'rthastvayi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivAntavaire / tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtirnaH punAtu cittaM duritAJjanebhyaH / / 1. zrImad bhagavadgItA 2-56, 57, 64. 2. AcArya samantabhadra 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArya', 1-6 3. AcArya samantabhadra 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArya,' 3-47. 4. AcArya samantabhadra 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArya', 3-48 5. samantabhadrAcArya, 'svayaMbhU stotra' 12-2.

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samatva kA svarUpa jaina sAdhu aisA vItarAga hotA haiM ki use zatru-mitra . prazaMsA -nindA. hAni-lAbha tathA tRNa-suvarNa, inameM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai : "sattu mitte ya samA pasaMsaNidA aladdhiladdhisamA / taNakaNahasamabhAvA pavvajjA erisA bhaNiyA // 'darzanapATha' meM ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki vItarAga ke mukha ko dekhakara janma-janmAntaroM ke pApa-samUha naSTa ho jAte haiM / vItarAga se mahAna deva na to kabhI paidA huA hai aura na hogA : "vItarAgamukhaM dRSTvA padmarAgasamaprabhaM / naikajanmakRtaM pApaM darzanena vinazyati // vItarAgAt paro devo na bhUto na bhaviSyati // "2 "kammuNA babhbhaNo hoI "-brAhmaNa karma se hI hotA hai yaha kathana hai, mahAna krAntadraSTA mahAvIra kA / mAnava-samAja meM manuSya-manuSya meM bheda karane kI pravRtti, cirakAla se calI AI hai| kahIM para yaha bheda amIra-garIba kA hai to kahIM para U~ca-nIca kA / bhAratavarSa meM varNa-vyavasthA ne isa u~ca-nIca ke bhedabhAva ko bar3hAne meM nirantara sahayoga diyA / pariNAma svarUpa, mAnavasamAja savarNa aura avarNa,do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA aura avarNa nirantara savarNoM dvArA zoSita hote rahe / isa samasyA se mukti pAne ke uddezya se hI kRSNa ne kahA thA ki jo vidvAna aura samadarzI paNDita hote haiM ve Atmika dRSTi se brAhmaNa aura cANDAla meM tathA gAya, hAthI aura kuttA Adi meM koI bheda nahIM karate : "vidyAvinayasampanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / zuni caiva zvapAke ca paNDitAH samadarzinaH // "3 smRtikAra manu bhI isa bAta ke samarthaka the ki varNa-vyavasthA janmagata nahIM pratyuta karmagata honI cAhie / unhoMne spaSTa kahA thA ki jo brAhmaNa veda kA adhyayana nahIM karatA hai vaha usa janma meM apane kula-kuTumba sahita zUdra ho jAtA hai : 1. AcArya kundakunda 'bodha pAhuDa' 46. 2. darzanapATha, tRtIya tathA caturtha zloka / 3. zrImada bhagavadagItA, 5-18.

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi 801 " yo'nadhItya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute zramam / sa jIvanneva gacchAti sAnvayaH // zudratvamAzu mahAvIra ne avarNoM ko sAmAjika mahattva pradAna karane ke lie zUdroM ko pravajyA kA vidhAna kiyA / 'uttarAdhyayana' meM harikezabala nAmaka cANDAla ke guNa sampanna muni hone kA ullekha hai :"sovAgakulasaMbhUo guNuttaradharo muNI / hariesabalo nAma Asi bhikkhU jiindio // 10 janma ke AdhAra para mAnI gaI varNa-vyavasthA kA mahAvIra ne ghora virodha kiyA / unhoMne spaSTa kahA ki brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra yaha varNa vyavasthA karma ke AdhAra para hI hai :-- "kammuNA babhbhaNo hoI, kammuNA hoI khattio / iso kampuNA hoI, suddo havai kammuNA // 3 isa prakAra mAnava-mAnava meM U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA ko chor3akara samAna, sahRdaya vyavahAra karanA samatA kA nirmala rUpa hai / AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / apane sukha-duHkha ke samAna dUsare ke sukha-duHkha kA bhI anubhava karanA, mAnava-jIvana kI parama zreSTha anubhUti hai / kRSNa ne kahA thA " he arjuna ! mujhe vaha yogI parama zreSTha lagatA hai jo vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko apane jaisA anubhava karatA hai" : 114 "Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjuna / sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mataH // 4 mahAvIra ne kahA hai 1 " savve pANA piyAuA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA " arthAta samasta prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, unheM sukha acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha pratikUla / 1. manusmRti, 2-168. 3. uttarAdhyayana 25-33. 5. AcArAMga sUtra 1-2-3 2. uttarAdhyayana 12-1. 4. zrImad bhagavadgItA 6-32.

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samatva kA svarUpa 11 sAmAnya jana kI sukha - duHkha kI anubhUti kevala svataH taka sImita hotI hai / jIvana kA yaha ekAGgI evaM atyanta saMkucita dRSTikoNa hai / yahI anubhUti jaba vyApaka rUpa grahaNa kara dUsare prANiyoM ke bhI sukha - duHkha kA anubhava karane lagatI hai taba vaha samatA kA vizuddha rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai / isIlie AcAryoM ne ThIka kahA hai| " AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret jo apane ko pratikUla lage, use dUsare ke prati AcaraNa mata karo / samatA adhyAtmavAda hai / yahA~ vyakti aura samAja, donoM ke sAtha AtmA kI sarvocca pratiSThA hai / yaha kevala manuSyoM meM hI nahIM apitu prANimAtra meM samAnatA kA poSaka hai / isakA uddezya bAhya viSama paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM utpanna viSama bhAvanAoM para samatva kI pratiSThA karake AtmA kA sarvocca vikAsa karanA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA : "jIvia~ nAbhika~khejjA, maraNaM no vi patthae / duaho vi na sajjejA, jIvie maraNe tahA // majjhattho nijjarApehI 15 arthAt - na to jIne kI AkAMkSA kara aura na marane kii| donoM meM se kisI meM bhI Asakti na rakha / madhyastha rahakara karmoM kI nirjarA yAne mAtra Atma-vikAsa kA lakSya rakha / niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki samatA mAnava-jIvana kI mahAn sAdhanA evaM anupama upalabdhi hai / yahI dharma haiM, yahI sukha aura zAnti kA mUla hai tathA isI se nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| gItA meM kahA hai - "jinake mana meM samatA sthita hai unhoMne to isI jIvana meM saMsAra ko jIta liyA / " "ihaiva tairjitaH sargo yeSAM sAmye sthitaM manaH / vAstava meM eka samabhAvI sadA sukha aura sukha kA hI anubhava karatA rahatA hai aura usakA samabhAva jisa gati se abhivaddhita hotA jAtA hai, usI gati se usakI sukha - vRddhi bhI sampanna banatI jAtI hai kyoMki vaha sukha AtmAnanda meM rUpAntarita hokara zAzvata rUpa dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai / vaha AtmAnanda 1. AcArAMga sUtra 1-8-8. 2. zrImad bhagavadgItA 5-19. ""

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12 karma-mukti kA kAraNa hone lagatA hai, kyoMki rAgameM sAMsArikatA kA bIja sUkhane lagatA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi - dveSa kI mandatara manaHsthiti jassa Na vijjadi rAgo, doso moho va savvadavvesu / NAsavadi suhaM asuhaM, sama suha- dukkhassa bhikkhussa // arthAt jisa sAdhaka kA sabhI dravyoM se rAga, dveSa aura moha haTa jAtA hai aura jo sukha - duHkha meM samatva rakhatA hai use na puNya kA Azraya hotA hai aura na pApa kA / parantu samatA bhItara ho, yaha sabhI sthitiyoM meM Avazyaka hai| bhItara kI samatA ko hI hama vaicArika samatA aura usase bhI Upara AdhyAtmika samatA kI saMjJA dete haiM / mana meM samatA kA anubhAva jaba samAviSTa ho jAtA hai to vahI anubhAva vANI aura karma meM utara kara bAhara kI samatA kA eka ora sRjana karatA hai to dUsarI ora Antarika samatA ko sabhI kSetroM meM protsAhita banAtA hai / yaha bhItara kI samatA pakar3I nahIM jAtI, bAhara se banAI nahIM jAtI, balki sAdhI jAtI hai / vicAra aura AcAra kI nirantara sAdhanA se hI bhItara kI samatA paidA hotI aura panapatI hai| jo eka bAra bhItara kI samatA kI sukhamaya zAnti kA rasAsvAdana kara letA hai, vaha phira usa samatA ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana se vilaga kabhI nahIM hotA / Antarika samatA jaba bhItara se puSTa banakara bAhara prakaTa hotI hai to vahI karuNA, dayA, sahAnubhUti, sauhArdra, saujanya, sahayoga Adi sahasra dhArAoM meM prasArita bana kara sampUrNa vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke lie maMgalamaya bana jAtI hai / vaha koTi-koTi hRdayoM ko sukhada sparza detI hai to unameM sukhada parivartana lAne kI preraNA bhI / taba samatA bAhara aura samatA bhItara samAna rUpa se nikhara jAtI hai / samatA kA sIdhA sambandha viSamatA se jur3atA hai kyoMki usI kAraNa samatA kI mahimA hai, jaise aMdhakAra ke kAraNa prakAza kI, ajJAna ke kAraNa jJAna kI athavA mRtyu ke kAraNa jIvana kI / yaha viSamatA sarvagrAhI rUpa dhAraNa

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samatva kA svarUpa 13 kara mAnavajIvana se sukha, zAMti, vyavasthA aura samRddhi nigala jAne ke liye tatpara hai / hama Aja bhale hI vyakti se parivAra ko leM yA nikhila vizva ko, eka manuSya ko le yA vyApaka mAnava samAja ko sabhI meM viSamatA kA tANDava abAdha gati se cala rahA hai / duHkha kI bAta yaha hai ki yaha saba usa ciMtana kA pariNAma hai jise mAnavahita sAdhaka bananA cAhie thA parantu dharma, tyAga aura naitikatA ke AdarzoM se kaTakara vaha viSamatA kA poSaka bana gayA hai / 'svatantratA, samAnatA va baMdhutva' ke phAMsIsI krAMti ke vicAraka rUso ke maMtra kA yahI pariNAma huA hai / mArksa ke dvaMdvAtmaka bhautikavAda, phaoNyaDa ke manovizleSaNa aura DArvina ke vikAsavAda ke siddhAntoM kI pariNati Aja isa rUpa meM huI hai ki arthabuddhi, ahaMtuSTi aura svacchaMdavRtti ke mArgo kA vikAsa huA hai / parivAra meM pati-patnI ke bIca pArasparika sahayoga ke bIca yadi ahaMbhAva bAdhA bana kara khar3A ho jAtA hai to do rASTroM ke bIca rASTravAdI cintana kA bhAva pArasparika vaimanasya kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| bhale hI nAjIvAda aura phAsistavAda kI parAjaya ho cukI ho tathApi rASTrIya gaurava kA bodha athavA rASTrahita kI dRSTi usa vizvarAjya kI sthApanA meM bAdhaka banI hai jisakI virATa stara para kalpanA bhAratIya AdhyAtmika cintana ne 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke Adarza ke rUpa meM sadiyoM pUrva kI thI / viSamatA kI yaha kaisI sthiti hai ? isa bhautikavAdI Aja ke manuSya ke saMbaMdha meM rASTrakavi dinakara ne ThIka hI likhA hai buddhi meM nabha kI surabhi, tana meM rudhira kI kIca / yaha vacana se devatA, para karma se pazu nIca // pariNAma yaha huA ki manuSya ke astitva ke lie hI saMkaTa utpanna ho gayA hai / kisa kSaNa isa pRthvI se mAnavajAti athavA jIvana mAtra kA lopa ho jAyegA, koI nahIM kaha sakatA / viSamatA athavA asaMtulana kI yaha carama sthiti hai / uddhAra kA aba eka hI rAstA hai kI vikAsa kI gati ko bhinna dizAmeM tyAga kI dizA meM, prema kI dizA meM, sadbhAva kI dizA meM aura samabhAva kI dizA meM mor3a diyA jAe /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 3. samatvayoga kA mahattva darzana ke satya dhruva hote haiM / unakI apekSA traikAlika hotI hai / mAnava- samAja kI kucha samasyAe~ banatI-miTatI rahatI haiM / kintu kucha samasyAe~ maulika hotI haiM / vArtamAnika samasyA ke samAdhAna kA dAyitva darzana para hotA hai / para mUlataH darzana una samasyAoM kA samAdhAna detA hai, jo maulika hone ke sAtha-sAtha dUsarI samasyAoM ko utpanna bhI karatI haiM / vaiSamya eka samasyA hai / usakA kAraNa hai - samatva ke dRSTikoNa kA avikAsa / vartamAna jJAna-vijJAna ke drutagAmI vikAsa ne jagata ke kaI ajJAta rahasyoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai aura kaI aise sAdhana va upakaraNa AviSkRta kiye haiM jinase bAhya indriyoM kI viSaya-zakti ko bar3hane va phailane kA vyApaka kSetra milA hai, para zarIra ke bhItara jisa cetanA kA, AtmA kA nivAsa hai, usakI zakti ke vikAsa ke prayatna usa anupAta meM nahIM ho pA rahe haiM / pariNAma-svarUpa jIvana kA santulana bigar3a gayA hai, siddhAnta aura AcaraNa kI khAI adhika caur3I hone lagI hai aura samAja meM viSamatA kA roga sabhI staroM para bhayaMkara rUpa se phailatA jA rahA hai / Aja viSamatAoM ke kAraNa saMsAra prAyaH azAnta, daHkhI. becaina aura parezAna hai / dhArmika kSetra meM dekheM to bhI jo dharma-sampradAya samatA aura zAnti ke lie saMsAra meM AyA thA, usI dharma-sampradAya ke loga paraspara eka-dUsare ke prati kIcar3a uchAlate haiM, Aye dina sAmpradAyika daMge hote haiM / paraspara vairavirodha to dharma sampradAyoM ko janma ghuTTI meM hI milA hai / paraspara guNa-grAhakatA ke badale apane dharma sampradAya se bhinna dharma-sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ke doSa dekhane kI vRtti hI prAyaH adhika pratIta hotI hai / dharmAndhatA ke vaiSamya kA yaha viSa kAphI dUra-dUra taka phailA huA hai| eka-dUsare ko mArane-pITane. satAne. prANaharaNa karane, AjIvikA chIna lene, naukarI na dene, badanAma karane, jhUThA Aropa lagAne Adi viSamatAe~ to Ama bAta hai| aisI viSamatA se sukha-zAnti ke badale duHkha aura azAnti, bhaya aura cintA hI adhika bar3hate haiM / sAmAjika kSetra meM U~ca-nIca, chuAchUta, jAtigata bhedabhAva, raMgabheda, rASTrabheda, prAntabheda, vargabheda Adi ko lekara bhayaMkara rAga-dveSa kA jAla bichA

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samatvayoga kA mahattva huA hai / vizva - maitrI to dUra rahI, parivAra- maitrI ke bhI darzana nahIM ho pAte / jahA~ mana meM bhedabhAva, rAga-dveSa, moha-ghRNA Adi viSamatAoM kA rAjya ho, vahA~ kahA~ maitrI aura kahA~ zAnti ! .. naitika jIvana meM bhI vaiSamya kA rAjya chAyA huA hai / anyAya-anIti, jhUTha-phareba, beImAnI, vizvAsaghAta, bhraSTAcAra, rizvatakhorI, corI, Adi anaitikatAe~ hI to viSamatA ke srotra haiM, jinase paraspara avizvAsa, bhaya, zaMkA, roga, zoka cintA aura azAnti hI adhika palle par3ate haiM / rAjanaitika jIvana to Aja aneka viSamatAoM kA AgAra banA huA hai| sattA ke lie jhUTha, SaDayantra, tikar3amabAjI, hatyA, daMgA, har3atAla, dalabadalI, saudebAjI Adi samasta anaitika upAyoM ko AjamAne meM koI kasara nahIM rakhI jAtI / phira bhalA rAjanaitika vyakti ke jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kaise A sakatI hai ? Arthika jIvana to anaitikatA se prAyaH ota-prota hai / vaha svaccha aura zuddha nahIM hai / Arthika viSamatA itanI adhika hai ki eka ko bharapeTa roTI nahIM milatI jabaki dUsare ko adhika sarasa svAdiSTa gariSTha padArtha khAne ke kAraNa ajIrNa ho rahA hai / eka kI Aya sirpha 25 rupaye mAsika hai, dUsare kI 2500 hama kahaga, 4 hama kaheMge, yaha karmoM kA khela hai| jaise jisake karma, tadanusAra use phala milatA hai; parantu karma bhI to manuSya hI karatA hai / manuSya ke vaiSamyarUpa azubha karma ke phala bhI azubha mileMge hI, vartamAna meM bhI viSamatA bar3hAne vAle azubha karmakartA vyaktiyoM kA jIvana azAnta, duHkhI aura becaina rahatA hai / ve rAtadina prAyaH cintA, bhaya, vikSobha, tanAva evaM azAnti ke zikAra bane rahate haiM / kyA adhika sAdhana-sampanna evaM dhanADhaya vyakti sonA khAkara yA cA~dI pIkara jIte haiM ? nahIM, unheM bhI khAnA to anna hI par3atA hai / ina viSamatAoM ke atirikta vyaktigata jIvana meM rAga, dveSa, IrSyA, bhaya, svArtha, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, ghRNA, vizvAsaghAta, andhazraddhA, mithyAzraddhA, aviveka, ajJAna, bahama Adi ke kAraNa manuSya viSamatA ke garta meM par3A karAha rahA hai, duHkha se, pIr3A se, mAnasika becainI se /

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16 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi kabhI vaha bhagavAna ko kosatA hai, kabhI karmoM ko, to kabhI kisI nimitta ko doSa detA hai, athavA kabhI isa azAnti ke lie apane mAtA-pitA yA anya janoM ko uttaradAyI ThaharAtA hai / ye aura aisI hI viSamatAe~ Aja ke adhikAMza manuSyoM ke jIvana meM vyApta haiM, jinake kAraNa ve akSaya-sukha to dUra rahA, laukika sukhoM ko bhI prApta nahIM kara sakate, unake tana-mana meM azAnti hai / ve isake nivAraNa ke lie yantra-mantrAdi kA sahArA lete haiM, aneka devI devoM kI manautI karateM haiM, phira bhI saphalatA nahIM miltii| saMsAra apane Apa meM koI viSama nahIM hai, na vikRta hI, ise viSama yA vikRta banAne vAlI manuSya kI dRSTi hai| yadi viSama paristhiti meM yA viSama sthiti meM par3e hue vyakti ke viSaya meM samatAyoga kI dRSTi ho to saMsAra sama ho sakatA hai, kama se kama usa samatAyogI ke liye to saMsAra samasUtra para sthita ho jAtA hai / vAstava meM saMsAra meM viSamatA rAga aura dveSa ke kAraNa hotI hai| yadi sarvatra, sabhI paristhitiyoM evaM saMyogoM meM rAga aura dveSa se dUra rahA jAe to usa vyakti ke lie saMsAra ke sama hote dera nahIM lagatI / isIlie AcArya kahate hai : ito rAgamahAmbhodhirito dveSadavAnalaH / yastayormadhyagaH panthAstat sAmyamiti gIyate // saMsAra ke do chora haiM eka ora rAgarU pI mahAsamudra hai to dUsarI ora dveSarUpI dAvAnala hai / ina donoM choroM ke bIca meM jo mArga hai, jisase rAga-dveSa donoM kA lagAva nahIM hai vaha sAmya hai - samatAyoga kahalAtA hai| samatA prakRti kA nahIM vyakti, samAja aura yuga kA dharma bhI hai| jabajaba samatA dharma se vicalita huA hai, taba-taba prakRti meM vikRti, vyakti meM tanAva, samAja meM viSamatA aura yuga meM hiMsA ke tattva ubhare haiM / ina sabako rokane, sabameM saMtulana aura vyavasthA banAye rakhane ke lie samatA bhAva kI samyak rUpa meM pratiSThA honA Avazyaka hai / isa dRSTi se samatA siddhAnta vijJAna bhI hai aura kalA bhI / vijJAna ke rUpa meM samatA kA siddhAnta bhUta-padArthoM meM saMgati banAye rakhatA hai, to kalA ke rUpa meM cetanA ke stara para, zeSa sRSTi ke

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samatvayoga kA mahattva 17 sAtha Atmaupamya bhAva sthApita karate hue samAja meM sAmaMjasya pUrNa sauhArdaparaka nirmala dRSTi vikasita karatA hai / jaina Agama meM batAyA hai, ki jo lAbha aura alAbha meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI paMDita hai / saMskRta meM vyutpatti karate hue batalAyA hai ki "pApAt bibheti iti paMDitaH" jo sAdhanA kI sthiti se Age bar3ha rahA hai, aura usakI sAdhanA kI caturdika meM bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA ho rahI hai, usa samaya prazaMsA meM phUlakara aisA kArya na karanA, jo zramaNa saMskRti se, nirgranthapane kI sthiti se viruddha ho tathA koI nindA kare to bhI kiMcit mAtra bhI nindA karane vAloM ke prati dveSa bhAva nahIM lAnA, pratyuta nirantara rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se Upara uThane kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna bane rahanA, vAstavika ArAdhanA hai / sAdhanA hotI hai Atma-samAdhi ke liye / usa sAdhanA se, usa Atma-samAdhi se kaI labdhiyA~ bhI upalabdha ho sakatI haiM, cU~ki sAdhanA camatkAra labdhiyoM kI prasava bhUmi hai, para camatkAra dikhAnA sAdhanA kA Adarza nahIM hai, na uddezya hI hai| jJAnIjanoM kA pharamAnA hai ki apanA vAstavika kalyANa cAhate ho to camatkAra se bacakara sadAcAra kA abhyAsa karo, sadAcAra hI saMsAra kA mahAna camatkAra hai / apanI prApta labdhiyoM ko gopakara calo / aisI sthiti jise prApta ho jAtI hai, vahI yathArtha meM paMDita kI saMjJA ko prApta ho sakatA hai / ___agara samatAyoga ko svIkAra kiye binA hI pracura dhana, sAdhanasAmagrI, nRtya-saMgIta, rAga-raMga, parivAra-jamIna-jAyadAda, rAjya aura pada Adi manuSya ko sukha-zAnti yA mukti de sakate to bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM, cakravartiyoM aura zreSThIvoM Adi ko inakA tyAga karake samatAyoga svIkAra karane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? parantu jaisA ki AcAryoM ne kahA - "savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM, savvaM narse viDaMbiyaM / savve AbharaNA bhArA, savve kAmA duhAvahA // saMsAra ke samasta gIta(saMgIta) vilApa haiM, samasta nRtya viDambanA haiM, sabhI AbhUSaNa bhArarUpa haiM, samasta kAmabhoga(ke sAdhana) duHkhajanaka haiM / kisIko zAnti, Ananda, santoSa, sukha evaM samAdhAna kAmayoga ke sAdhanoM meM, rAjamahaloM meM, dhana-sampatti aura sattA meM nahIM mile / ve mile

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18 samattrayoga - eka samanavayadRSTi samatAyoga ke mAdhyama se AtmA meM Atma-svarUpa meM avasthita hone para hI / samatAyoga (sAmAyika) kI sAdhanA se hI bharata cakravartI ne zIzamahala meM khar3ekhar3e sundara zarIra aura bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNa Adi se mamatva chor3akara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA tathA mokSa bhI / isI lie AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM je kevi gayA mokkhaM, je vi ya gacchaMti, je gamissaMti / te savve sAmAiyapabhAveNa tti muNeyavvaM // 1 jo bhI sAdhaka bhUtakAla meM mokSa gaye haiM, jo bhI vartamAna meM mokSa jA rahe haiM tathA bhaviSya meM bhI jo mokSa jAyeMge, samajhanA cAhiye ve saba samatAyoga (sAmAyika) ke prabhAva se hI gaye haiM, jA rahe haiM aura jAyeMge / aura to aura ihalaukika jIvana meM bhI samatAyoga ke binA koI bhI kArya saphalatApUrvaka sampanna nahIM hotA / sukha meM, duHkha meM, saMyoga aura viyoga meM, bhavana aura vana meM, zatru aura mitra meM, agara samabhAva nahIM hotA hai to sarvatra azAnti hI azAnti kA dRzya upasthita ho jAtA hai / jahA~ bhI jAtigata, samAjagata, parivAragata, rASTragata evaM bhASAgata, rAjanaitika, Arthika evaM dharma- sAmpradAyika vaiSamya hogA, vahA~ kalaha, yuddha, saMgharSa, dveSa, virodha Adi se to viSamatA aura azAnti hI paidA hogI, bar3hegI / zAnti ke lie to samatAyoga kA hI Azraya lenA par3egA / jIva samatAyoga ke abhAva meM bAra-bAra samasyA Ane para karmoM se saMzliSTa ho jAtA hai, karmoM kA bhArI jatthA AtmA se cipakA letA hai jisakA duSphala bhaviSya meM use hI bhoganA par3atA hai| prazna hotA hai ki ina cipake hue jIvaM aura karmoM ko pRthak karane kA kauna-sA saphala upAya hai ? mahApuruSa kahate haiM samatAyoga rUpa sAmAyika vaha upAya hai / kahA bhI hai karma jIvaM ca saMzliSTaM parijJAtAtma-vinizcayaH / vibhinna kurute sAdhuH sAmAyikazalAkayA || jise AtmA kA parijJAna aura usakA dRr3ha nizcaya ho gayA hai aisA sAdhaka samatAyoga (sAmAyika) kI salAI se cipake hue karma aura jIva donoM ko alaga kara letA hai / jindagI ke rAste meM dUra-dUra taka bikhare hue kaSToM, samasyAoM aura 1. AcArya haribhadra : aSTaka prakaraNa'

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samatvayoga kA mahattva aTapaTe praznoM ke kA~ToM ko buhArane - jhAr3ane kA duHsAdhya parAkrama karane kI apekSA jaise vivekI puruSa apane pairoM meM jUte pahanakara una kA~ToM se sahaja hI apanA bacAva kara letA hai vaise hI samatAyogI banakara sahaja hI apanI surakSA kara sakatA hai| samatAyoga kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai samAgata pratikUlatA ko prasannatA se sahane kI kSamatA tathA dUsaroM kI pratikUlatA ko anukUlatA meM badala dene kI zakti / isa prakAra samatAyoga jIvana meM A jAne para vyakti kI jIvanadizA hI badala jAtI hai / samatAyoga kA uddezya sAdhaka ko samabhAva se otaprota kara denA hai / usake mana, vacana, kAyA, vyavahAra aura adhyAtma meM samatArasa bhalI bhA~ti A jAe, use sAMsArika evaM paudgalika vastuoM yA bAtoM meM rasa na rahe, usake Antarika jIvana meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha, rAga, dveSa, ajJAna, durAgraha, mithyAtva, andhazraddhA Adi ke tyAga kI mAtrA bar3hatI jAe, logoM ke prati virakti ho, Atma-bhAvoM meM sthiratA bar3he, yahI samatAyoga kA prayojana hai / samabhAvo sAmAiyaM taNa-kaMcaNasattu-mitta-visau-tti / NirabhisaMgacittaM ucitapavittipahANaM ca // samatva-yoga kA mukhya lakSaNa samabhAva hai / tRNa aura kaMcana, zatru aura mitra Adi viSamatAoM ke prasaMgoM para samabhAva se, apane citta ko Asakti rahita rakhanA aura ucita pravRtti karanA hI isakA pradhAna uddezya hai / ataH samabhAva kI prApti, samatA kA anubhava, prANimAtra meM samatva kI pravRtti Adi hI samatAyoga kA uddezya ho sakatA hai / koI bhI sAdhaka isa samatvayoga ko ThIka DhaMga se sabhI pahaluoM se hRdayaMgama karake isake anusAra apanA dainika sAdhanAkrama banAye, jIvana ko isI sA~ce meM DhAle to eka na eka dina vaha samatva ke ucca zikhara ko chU sakegA, vItarAgatA ke prAsAda ke pavitra svarNakalaza kA sparza kara skegaa| samajhane kI bAta yaha hai ki samatAbhAva koI niSkriya vRtti yA

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi 20 'naigeTiva eproca' nahIM hai / yaha eka sakriya aura jAgarUka vRtti hai / jIvana kI TUTana ko bharane aura samAja kI viSamatA ko pATane kI yaha vyAvahArika kuMjI hai / isase eka aisI anubhava - kiraNa phUTatI hai ki hama apane duHkha se duHkhI nahIM hote varan dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko miTAne ke lie tatpara hote haiM, agrasara hote haiN| sukha - duHkha se pare Ananda kI anubhUti kA nAma hai samatA / samatA bahuAyAmI aura bahuprabhAvI tattva hai / use kevala darzana ke dharAtala se hI nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| jIvana vyavahAra ke vibhinna prasaMgoM aura samAja-saMvedanA kI vividha paratoM meM rakhakara hI usakA oja aura teja pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura jaina dharma ArambhakAla se hI 'samatA' para vizeSa bala de rahe haiM / mahAvIra ne apane anuyAyiyoM meM saba varNoM ke logoM ko samAna avasara diyA / yadyapi sabhI tIrthaMkara kSatriya haiM, parantu jaina dharma meM jAti bheda nahIM hai / mahAvIra karmaNA jAti mAnate the / jaina dharma meM mahAvIra ne pUrvAparAdhI cora yA DAkU, machere, vezyA aura cANDAla putroM ko bhI dIkSita kara liyA / janmanA - jAtigata viSamatA na mAnane ke sAtha hI mahAvIra vidvAna aura mUrkha, par3hA-likhA aura anapar3ha, sAkSara aura nirakSara kA bhedabhAva bhI kRtrima mAnate haiM / isalie ve 'nirgrantha' jJAtaputra kahalAye / zabda- prAmANya mAnane vAle dharmAcAryoM ko unhoMne cunautI dI / dharma kyA pustaka meM basatA hai yA manuSya meM ? ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya kI prApti hara vyakti ke lie samAna bhAva se sambhava hai / vahA~ tara - tamatA nahIM hai / jaina dharma aura darzana meM 'mAnava mAnava saba haiM samAna' ke mantra ko pracalita karane kI suvidhA isa kAraNa se huI ki unhoMne AtmA se alaga kisI ucca padAsIna Izvara kA niSedha kiyA / tapa aura satkarma se prApta AtmavizvAsa kI sarvottama avasthA hI Izvaratva hai / manuSya apane 'karma' se hI bhAgya-vidhAtA hai / koI avatAra yA camatkAra usakA uddhAra karane nahIM AyegA / gItA ke 'uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM' aura 'AtmaivahyAtmano baMdhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH' se bahuta milatAjulatA vicAra jaina dArzanikoM ne sadiyoM taka pracArita kiyA / (samiyA dhamme) samatA kA nAma dharma hai / isa samatA - sUtra para vicAra kareM to yaha bAta bhI spaSTa

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smatvayoga kA mahattva ho jAyegI ki jo samatA hai, vaha dharma hai, aura jo dharma hai vaha samatA hai / samatA alaga hai, dharma alaga hai, aisA nahIM / jisa prakAra 'appA gANaM, NANaM-appA'. AtmA jJAna hai, jJAna AtmA hai usI taraha samatA hai| Arya puruSoM ne samatA kI vAstavikatA ko svayaM anubhava kiyA taba kahIM ve samatA kI parAkASThA taka pahu~ca pAe / samatA kA vicAra jaise-jaise jAgRta hotA hai, vaise vaise viSayAsakti kI bhAvanA zAnta ho jAtI hai / mana ananta zakti kI ora, divya jJAna kI ora, divya prakAza kI ora svayaM hI agrasara ho jAtA hai / dIpaka ko apane prakAza ko AvazyakatA svayaM nahIM hotI hai, parantu use svayaM dIpaka hai, isa bAta para to vicAra karanA hogaa| jo vastu nija kI hai, usa para yadi vicAra nahIM kiyA to kyA nija kI pratIti ho sakatI hai ? aise vyakti se dUre, neva, se a~to, neva dUre' - ve na viSayoM se dUra haiM, na hI viSayoM ke pAsa haiM aura na hI cittavRtti se dUra haiM / isaliye yaha bAta vicAraNIya ho jAtI hai sabase pahale 'saMsayaM pariANao saMsAre paritrAe bhavai, saMsayaM apariANao saMsAre aparinnAe bhavaI'.. jo saMzaya ko jAnatA hai, vaha saMsAra ko jAnatA hai, jo saMzaya ko nahIM jAnatA vaha saMsAra ko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? isa vicAra-bindu kA maMthana kareM kyoMki jisa saMsAra meM hama loga raha rahe haiM vaha saMsAra kaisA hai ? kaisA nahIM ? kevala strI, kuTumba, parivAra, samAja, deza, rASTra Adi kA nAma saMsAra mAnakara hama calate raheM to saMsAra kA kabhI bhI AbhAsa hI nahIM ho sakegA; mAtra svArthavRtti yA dhanopArjana ke alAvA kucha nahIM rhegaa| saMsAra meM jahA~ eka ora chala hai, mamatva hai, vahIM dUsarI ora samatva-bhAva bhI hai, samatva-mArga para calane vAle bhI haiM, unakA patha dekho, phira apanA patha dekho| isase hI zIghra aura saralatA se jJAta ho jAegA ki maiM kahA~ huuN| isase yaha bhI jJAta ho jAegA ki na koI garIba hai aura na koI amIra, na koI zatru hai aura na koI mitra / apitu 'tumeva mitte tumeva sattu'-tuma hI mitra ho, tuma hI zatru ho /

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22 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 4. samatvayoga aura ahiMsA samatva kI sAdhanA kA sopAna ahiMsA hai / ahiMsA kA pAlaka hI jIvana meM samatA ko utAra sakatA hai / samatA siddha ke lie saba jIva samAna hote haiM, saba jIvoM ke prati usakA maitrI bhAva hotA hai, kisI ke prati bhI bairabhAva nahIM hotA / usake dvAra sabake lie khule hote haiM / usakA upadeza jIvamAtra ke lie hotA hai / isIlie tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa meM manuSya, deva hI nahIM, tiryaJca taka sammilita hote haiM / yaha unakI samatA kA hI prabhAva hotA hai ki cirabairI bhI apanA bairabhAva bhUla sAtha-sAtha rahane lagate haiM / siMha aura gAya eka-ghATa pAnI pIte haiM, sA~pa aura nevalA ekasAtha khelate haiM, cUhA billI se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA, siMha ko dekhakara bhI mRga Dara kara bhAgate nahIM, nirbhaya khar3e rahate haiN| pramAda arthAt rAga-dveSa aura moha kI anutpatti hI ahiMsA hai / samatva kA lakSaNa bhI yahI hai / hiMsA ke atirikta anya koI pApa nahIM hai / jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha to kevala udAharaNa ke lie, mumukSu ko samajhAne ke lie banAye gaye haiM / ahiMsA ke atirikta saba vrata usakI paripAlanA ke lie hI . samatva kA sAdhaka apane upAsya ke prati bhI AgrahI nahIM hotA / usakA kisI ke prati bhI koI pakSapAta nahIM hotA / jisake rAgAdi doSa kSaya ho cuke haiM vahI usakA upAsya hotA hai, phira cAhe use brahmA, viSNu, mahAdeva jina Adi kisI bhI nAma se pukAreM / / kisI vizeSa veSa athavA vAda ke prati bhI usakA Agraha nahIM hotA / na vaha zvetAmbaratva ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnatA hai na digambaratva ko / nityatvavAda, kSaNikavAda se bhI usakA koI sarokAra nahIM / svapakSa kA Agraha bhI usake nahIM hotA / usakA lakSya to ekamAtra kaSAyoM 1. ahiMsApratipAlanArthamitaravratam / -A. pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi 7-14. 2. bhavabIjAGkarajananAH rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / -A. haribhadrasUri

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samatvayoga aura ahiMsA se mukta honA hotA hai / samatA ke sAdhaka ke lie jAti kA koI mahattva nahIM hai| usake lie saba mAnava samAna haiM, mAnava-mAnava meM koI bheda nahIM hai / saMsAra ke sabhI manuSyoM kI jAti eka hai / unakI gAya, ghor3e Adi ke samAna pRthak-pRthaka jAtiyA~ nahIM haiM / samatA kA sAdhaka krodha, bhaya, hAsya, lobha aura moha ke vazIbhUta hokara jo svadravya - kSetra -- kAla - bhAva se sat hai usako asat aura paradravya kSetra - kAla - bhAva kI apekSA asat hai usako sat nahIM batAtA / jo padArtha vAstava meM hai use para rUpa nahIM kahatA, jaise ghor3e ko gadhA kahanA / dUsare kI nindA nahIM karatA / jisa upadeza ko sunakara manuSya pApa rUpa pravRtti karane lage, aisA upadeza nahIM detA / usake vacana hamezA hita, mita aura priya hote haiM / dUsaroM ke doSa batAne meM usakI vANI sadaiva maunAvalambinI hotI hai / saccA zramaNa haThI, durAgrahI tathA ekAntI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai / eka bAra meM zabda pudgala hone se vastu ke eka dharma kI mukhyatA ko lekara kathana kiyA jAtA hai; zeSa dharma gauNa rahate haiM / isI lie usakI vANI, yAne usakA upadeza sApekSa hotA hai| vaha 'hI' ke sthAna meM 'bhI' kA prayoga karatA hai / nirapekSa vAkya sadA hI haTha para AdhRta hotA hai; ataH vaha vigraha ko paidA karatA hai / sApekSavAda saMsAra ke samasta dharmoM, vAdoM aura mAnyatAoM ke samanvaya kI amogha mahauSadhi hai / 1. na zvetAmbaratve na digambaratve, na tarkavAde na ca tattvavAde / na pakSasevA''zrayaNe na muktiH, kaSAyamuktiH kila muktireva // 2. (ka) nAsti jAtikRto bhedo manuSyANAM gavAzvavat / -A. guNabhadra (kha) manuSyajAtirekaiva / --A. jinasena

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24 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 5. bauddha dharma meM samatva-yoga boddha dharma meM bhI samatA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai / apane saMgaThana 'bhikSusaMgha' ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie buddha ne samaya-samaya para jina niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA, unheM 'vinaya' kA nAma diyA gayA / ve niyama haiM, 'daza zikSApada' jinheM bhikSuoM ke zramaNa-jIvana kI pahalI sIr3hI kaheM to kucha bhI atyukti nahIM hogI / ina zikSApadoM meM pahalA hai ahiMsA - prANAtipAta se virata honA / isa zikSApada se buddha kA samatAvAdI dRSTikoNa prakaTa hotA hai / isake anusAra kisI bhI jIva kA vadha karanA manA hai / bAda meM calakara jaba vinaya ke niyama aura jaTila banAye gaye, taba to isa zikSApada kA ullaMghana karane vAlA sabase kaThora daNDa kA bhAgIdAra mAnA gayA / vaha daNDa thA 'parAjika', jisake anusAra aparAdhI bhikSu ko saMgha se hamezA ke lie alaga kara diyA jAtA thA / apane pahale dharmopadeza meM - jisakA nAma 'dhammacakkapavattana sutta' diyA gayA - buddha ne apane khoje hue satyoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahA thA ki duHkha hai, usakA kAraNa bhI hai aura yaha ki usakA nirodha bhI hai / bauddha dharma zramaNa, brAhmaNa yA bhikSu sabake lie samatA ko anivArya mAnatA hai| "jo samabhAva baratatA hai, zAnta,damanazIla, saMyamI aura brahmacArI hai, jisane daMDa kA tyAga kara rakhA hai, vahI brAhmaNa hai, vahI zramaNa hai aura vahI bhikSu : alaMkato ce pi samaM careyya santo danto niyato brahmacArI / savvesu bhUtesu nidhAya daNDaM so brAhmaNo samaNo sa bhikkhu // bhagavAn buddha kahate haiM- "daMDa se sabhI Darate haiM / sabako jIvana priya hai / ataH apane samAna hI sabakA sukha-duHkha jAnakara na svayaM kisI ko mAre aura na anya kisI ko mArane ke lie prerita kare / ' savve tasanti daMDassa savvesaM jIvanaM piyaM / appAnaM upamaM katvA na haneyya na ghAtaye // Age calakara buddha kahate haiM - "saba jIva apane sukha kI kAmanA karate haiM / isalie jo daMDa dekara dUsare kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, vahI sukha kI

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bauddha dharma meM samatva-yoga 25 kAmanA karane vAlA paraloka meM paha~ca kara sukha pAtA hai| bauddha sAdhanA meM bhI samatA ko maMgalamaya dharma mAnA gayA hai / bauddha AcAra-darzana meM sAdhanA kA jo aSTAMgika mArga hai usameM pratyeka sAdhana pakSa kA sama yA samyak honA Avazyaka hai / bauddha-darzana meM samatva pratyeka sAdhana- pakSa kA anivArya aMga hai / . bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai, "jinhoMne dharmoM ko ThIka prakAra se jAna liyA hai, jo kisI mata, pakSa yA vAda meM nahIM haiM, ve sambuddha haiM, samadraSTA haiM aura viSama sthiti meM bhI unakA AcaraNa sama rahatA hai| buddhi, dRSTi aura AcaraNa ke sAtha lagA huA sam pratyaya bauddha-darzana meM samatvayoga kA pratIka hai jo buddhi, mana aura AcaraNa tInoM ko sama banAne kA nirdeza detA hai / saMyuktanikAya meM kahA hai, 'AryoM kA mArga sama hai, Arya viSamasthiti meM bhI sama kA AcaraNa karate haiM / 2 dhammapada meM buddha kahate haiM, jo samatva-buddhi se AcaraNa karatA hai tathA jisakI vAsanAe~ zAnta ho gayI haiM - 'jo jitendriya hai, saMyama evaM brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati daNDa kA tyAga kara cukA hai arthAt sabhI ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhatA hai, kisI ko kaSTa nahIM detA hai, aisA vyakti cAhe vaha AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA gRhastha hI kyoM na ho, vastutaH zramaNa hai, bhikSuka hai / jaina- vicAraNA meM 'sama' kA artha kaSAyoM kA upazama hai / isa artha meM bhI bauddha vicAraNA samatvayoga kA samarthana karatI hai| majjhimanikAya meM kahA gayA hai - 'rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA upazama hI parama Arya-upazama hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI jaina paramparA ke samAna hI yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki samatA kA AcaraNa karane vAlA hI zramaNa hai| samatva kA artha Atmavat dRSTi svIkAra karane para bhI bauddha vicAraNA meM usakA sthAna nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai / suttanipAta meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI jagat ke sabhI prANI haiM, isalie sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna 1. saMyuktanikAya 118 2. saMyuktanikAya 1126 3. dhammapada, 142 4. majjhimanikAya, 34012 5. dhammapada 388 tulanA - uttarAdhyayana, 25/32.

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi samajhakara merA AcaraNa ho' / samatva kA artha rAgadveSa kA prahANa yA rAga-dveSa kI zUnyatA karane para bhI usakA bauddha vicAraNA meM samatvayoga kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai / udAna meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSa aura moha kA kSaya hone se nirvANa prApta hotA hai / bauddha-darzana meM varNita cAra brahmavihAra athavA bhAvanAoM meM bhI samatva-yoga kA cintana parilakSita hotA hai / maitrI, karuNA aura muditA(pramoda) kI bhAvanAoM kA mukhya AdhAra Atmavat dRSTi hai isI prakAra mAdhyastha bhAvanA yA upekSA ke lie sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya, lohakAMcana meM samabhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai / vastutaH bauddha vicAraNA jisa mAdhyastha vRtti para bala detI hai, vaha samatvayoga hI hai / ___ isa saMdarbha meM eka vRtta kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| Ananda buddhadeva ke pratibhA-sampanna ziSya the / buddhajI kI sAdhanA samatA ke sopAna para car3ha cukI thii| ve parama buddha ho gae the, bAta taba kI hai / sattveSu maitrI guNISu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSukRpA paratvaM mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparIta vRttau, sadAmamAtmA vidadhAtu devaH / . buddhajI ke jIvana meM yaha bhAva caritArtha ho gayA thA / aisI avasthA meM unhone dharma-cakra calAnA prArambha kiyA aura loka-hita meM dharma dezanA denA prArambha kara diyA thaa| unakI kIrti kaumudI cAroM aura vikIrNa hone lagI thii| aneka vidharmI unase dveSa rakhane lage the / saMyoga se eka virodhI vyakti unake pAsa AyA aura krodhAgni meM dhadhakate hue usane praveza kiyA aura buddhajI ke Upara thUka diyA / vaha burI taraha se kA~pa rahA thA / buddhadeva ne use tvarA se poMcha DAlA aura usase pUchane lage aura kucha kahanA hai Apako?' yaha sunakara Ananda krodha se bhara gae lekina vaha krodhI-kApuruSa vahA~ se bhAga gayA / Ananda ne gurudeva se pUchA, "bhagavan daNDa dene kI apekSA usake thUka ko Apane tvarA se poMcha DAlA aura usase AtmIyatApUrvaka pUchane lage aura kucha kahanA hai Apako / ' yaha bhI koI bAta huii|" buddhadeva ne Ananda se kahA, "tuma nAhaka vyathita hote ho bhAI ! krodha 1. suttanipAta, 3 / 3717 2. udAna, 86

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bauddha dharma meM samatva-yoga 27 meM AdamI bola nahIM pAtA jabaki krodhabhAva ko vyakta karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / aisI sthiti meM zaktizAlI sadA prahAra karatA hai aura durbala prAyaH gAlI detA hai, vivazaprAyaH thUka kara apamAnita karatA hai / maiMne usake krodha ko pahacAna liyA thA kintu vaha aura kucha kyA kahanA cAhatA thA usase jAnane ke lie maiMne usase pUchA thA / vaha to baira-vahni meM jala rahA thA, para Ananda, tumane apanI samatA kyoM tyAga dI ? yaha sunakara Ananda nirvAka raha gae / unhoMne pazcAttApa kiyA aura abhyAsa meM cale gae / zAma ko vahI AdamI lauTakara buddhadeva ke pAsa AyA / usa samaya buddhajI ziSyoM ko nirdeza de rahe the / usane buddhadeva ke paira pakar3a lie aura phaphaka-phaphaka kara rone lagA / mujha se jaghanya aparAdha ho gayA, prabhu ! mujhe kSamA kara dIjie / gautama buddhane kahA, mujhe Apake vyavahAra se kiMcit kaSTa nahIM huA aura nA hI mujhe krodha AyA / aisI sthiti meM kSamA karane-karAne kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA / Apa nizcinta rahie / kahate haiM, usane buddhajI se upasampadA grahaNa kara lI thii|

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28 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 6. bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga samatva kI sAdhanA sampUrNa AcAra-darzana kA sAra haiM / samatA mAnava jIvana kI mahAna sAdhanA evaM anupama upalabdhi hai / yahI dharma hai yahI sukha aura zAnti kA mUla hai tathA isI se nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / gItA meM kahA hai - "jinake mana meM samatA sthita hai unhoMne to isI jIvana meM saMsAra ko jIta liyA / "1 . lekina isa samatva kI upalabdhi kaise ho sakatI hai yaha vicAraNIya hai / sarvaprathama to jaina, bauddha evaM gItA ke AcAra-darzana samatva kI upalabdhi ke lie trividha sAdhanA patha kA pratipAdana karate haiM / cetanA ke jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa pakSa ko samatva se yukta yA samyak banAne ke hetu jahA~ jaina darzana samyak jJAna, samyaka darzana aura samyak cAritra kA pratipAdana karatA hai vahIM bauddha darzana prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi kA aura gItA jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai / - apane sukha-duHkha ke samAna dUsare ke sukha-duHkha kA bhI anubhava karanA, mAnava-jIvana kI parama zreSTha anubhUti hai| kRSNa ne kahA thA - he arjuna ! majhe vaha yogI parama zreSTha lagatA hai jo vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko apane jaisA anubhava karatA hai : - "Atmaupampena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjuna / sakhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mataH / phaoNyaDa likhate haiM ki caitasika jIvana aura sambhavatayA snAyavika jIvana kI bhI pramukha pravRtti hai - Antarika uddIpakoM ke tanAva ko samApta karanA evaM sAmyAvasthA ko banAye rakhane ke liye sadaiva prayAsazIla rahanA / eka laghu kITa bhI apane ko vAtAvaraNa se samAyojita karane kA prayAsa karatA 1. ihaiva tairjitaH sargo yeSAM sAmye sthitaM manaH / 2. zrImad bhagavadgItA 6-32 / 3. Beyond the pleasure Principle-5, Freud, uddhRta-adhyAtmayoga aura citta-vikalana, pR. 246.

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bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga hai / cetana kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hai ki vaha sadaiva samatvakendra kI ora bar3hanA cAhatA hai / samatva ke hetu prayAsa karanA hI jIvana kA sAra-tattva hai / gItA ko yogazAstra kahA gayA hai / yoga zabda yuj dhAtu se banA hai, yuj dhAtu do arthoM meM AtA hai| usakA eka artha hai jor3anA, saMyojita karanA aura dUsarA artha hai saMtulita karanA, manaHsthiratA / gItA donoM arthoM meM use svIkAra karatI hai| pahale artha meM jo jor3atA hai, vaha yoga hai athavA jisake dvArA jur3A jAtA hai, yA jo jur3atA hai vaha yoga hai, arthAt jo AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3atA hai vaha yoga hai| dUsare artha meM yoga vaha avasthA hai jisameM manaHsthiratA hotI hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM yoga kA artha hai apanI AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ko eka jagaha ikaTThA karanA, unheM saMtulita karanA aura bar3hAnA / gItA sarvAMgapUrNa yoga-zAstra prastuta karatI hai| lekina prazna uThatA hai ki gItA kA yaha yoga kyA hai ? gItA yoga zabda kA prayoga kabhI jJAna ke sAtha, kabhI karma ke sAtha aura kabhI bhakti athavA dhyAna ke artha meM karatI hai / ata: yaha nizcaya kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hai ki gItA meM yoga kA kaunasA rUpa mAnya hai| yadi gItA eka yoga-zAstra hai to vaha kyA jJAnayoga kA zAstra hai yA karmayoga kA zAstra hai athavA bhaktiyoga kA zAstra hai ? yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai / AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra gItA jJAnayoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai / tilaka use karmayoga kA zAstra kahate haiM / ve likhate haiM ki yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki gItA meM yoga zabda pravRtti-mArga arthAt karmayoga ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai / zrI rAmAnujAcArya, zrI nimbArka aura zrI vallbhAcArya 1. yujyate etaditi yogaH, yujyate anena iti yogaH, yujyeta tasmin iti yogaH / 2. yogasUtra, 1/2 3. bhagavadgItA (rA.), pR. 55 4. gItA (zAM.), 2/11 5. gItArahasya, pR. 60

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30 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi ke anusAra gItA kA pratipAdya viSaya bhaktiyoga hai / ' gA~dhIjI use anAsaktiyoga kaha kara karma aura bhakti kA samanvaya karate haiM / DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan usameM pratipAdita jJAna, bhakti aura karmayoga ko eka dUsare kA pUraka mAnate hai / yadyapi vibhinna vidvAnoM ne gItA meM upadiSTa tattvajJAna kI kahIM karmayogaparaka, kahIM jJAnayogaparaka, kahIM bhaktiyogaparaka, kahIM karma saMnyAsayogaparaka yA anAsaktiyogaparaka vyAravyAe~ kI haiM, kintu sAdhanA ke pratyeka mArga dvArA siddha dazA ko prApta hue yogI ke sampUrNa lakSaNoM kA carama svarUpa kyA hai ? yadi yaha prazna kiyA jAya to usakA uttara hogA - 'samatA' / gItAkAra jJAnayoga, karmayoga, aura bhaktiyoga zabdoM kA upayoga karatA hai, lekina samasta gItAzAstra meM yoga kI do hI vyAravyAe~ milatI haiM :- (1) samatvaM yoga ucyate (2/48) aura (2) yogaH karmasu kauzalam (2/50) ataH ina donoM vyAravyAoM ke AdhAra para hI yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yoga zabda kA yathArtha svarUpa kyA hai ? gItA kI puSpikA se prakaTa hai ki gItA eka yogazAstra hai arthAt vaha yathArtha ko Adarza se jor3ane kI kalA hai, Adarza aura yathArtha meM santulana lAtI hai| hamAre bhItara kA asantulana do staroM para hai, jIvana meM doharA saMgharSa cala rahA hai / eka cetanA ke zubha aura azubha pakSoM meM aura dUsarA hamAre bahirmukhI sva aura bAhya vAtAvaraNa ke madhya / gItA yoga kI ina do vyAravyAoM ke dvArA ina donoM saMgharSoM meM vijayazrI prApta karane kA saMdeza detI hai / saMgharSa ke usa rUpa kI, jo hamArI cetanA ke hI zubha yA azubha pakSa meM yA hamArI AdarzAtmaka aura vAsanAtmaka AtmA ke madhya cala rahA hai, pUrNataH samApti ke lie mAnasika samatva kI AvazyakatA hogii| yahA~ yoga kA artha hai 'samatvayoga' kyoMki isa stara para karma kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yahA~ yoga hamArI vAsanAtmaka AtmA ko pariSkRta kara use AdarzAtmA yA paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA hai / yaha yoga AdhyAtmika yoga hai, mana kI sthiratA hai, vikalpoM evaM vikAroM kI zUnyatA hai / yahA~ para yoga kA lakSya hamAre apane hI andara hai / yaha eka Antarika samAyojana hai, vaicArika evaM mAnasika samatva hai / lekina usa saMgharSa kI samApti ke lie jo 1. gItA (rAmA.), 1/1 pUrvakathana 2. bhagavadgItA (rA.), pR. 82

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31 bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga ki vyakti aura usake vAtAvaraNa ke madhya hai, karma yoga kI AvazyakatA hogii| yahA~ yoga kI vyAkhyA hogI 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' / yahA~ yoga yukti hai, upAya hai jisake dvArA vyakti vAtAvaraNa meM nihita apane bhautika lakSya kI prApti karatA hai / yaha yoga kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai jisameM jIvana ke vyAvahArika stara para samAyojana kiyA jAtA hai / vastutaH manuSya na nirI AdhyAtmika sattA hai aura na nirI bhautika sattA hai| usameM zarIra ke rUpa meM bhautikatA hai aura cetanA ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmikatA hai| yaha bhI sahI hai ki manuSya hI jagat meM eka aisA prANI hai jisameM jar3a para cetana ke zAsana kA sarvAdhika vikAsa huA hai / phira bhI mAnavIya cetanA ko jisa bhautika AvaraNa meM rahanA par3a rahA hai, vaha usakI nitAMta avahelanA nahIM kara sktii| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnavIya cetanA ko do staroM para samAyojana karanA hotA hai - 1. caitasika (AdhyAtmika) stara para aura 2. bhautika stara para / gItAkAra dvArA prastuta yoga kI uparyukta do vyAravyAe~ kramaza: ina do staroM ke sandarbha meM hai / vaicArika yA caitasika stara para jisa yoga kI sAdhanA vyakti ko karanI hai, vaha samatvayoga hai / bhautika stara para jisa yoga kI sAdhanA kA upadeza gItA meM hai vaha karmakauzala kA yoga hai / tilaka ne gItA aura anya granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki yoga zabda kA artha yukti, upAya aura sAdhana bhI hai| cAhe hama yoga zabda kA artha jor3anevAlA' svIkAreM yA tilaka ke anusAra yukti yA upAya mAneM donoM hI sthitiyoM meM yoga zabda sAdhana ke artha meM hI prayukta kiyA jAtA hai / lekina yoga zabda kevala sAdhana ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai / jaba hama yoga zabda kA artha manaHsthiratA karate haiM to vaha sAdhana ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai, varan vaha svataH sAdhya hI hotA hai / yaha mAnanA bhramapUrNa hogA ki gItA meM citta- samAdhi yA samatva ke artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| svayaM tilakajI hI likhate haiM ki gItA meM yoga, yogI, athavA yoga zabda se bane 1. amarakoza, 3 / 3 / 22, 2. gItArahasya, pR. 56-59, 2.3 3. gItA (zAM.) 107 4. yogasUtra, 12

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi hue sAmAsika zabda lagabhaga assI bAra Aye haiM, parantu cAra pA~ca sthAnoM ke sivA (6 -12-23) yoga zabda se 'pAtaMjala yoga' (yogazcittavRttinirodhaH) artha kahIM bhI abhipreta nahIM hai - sirpha yukti, sAdhana, kuzalatA, upAya, jor3a, mela yahI artha kucha hera-phera se samUcI gItA meM pAye jAte haiM / isase itanA to siddha ho hI jAtA hai ki gItA meM yoga zabda mana kI sthiratA yA samatva ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki gItA do arthoM meM yoga zabda kA upayoga karatI hai, eka sAdhana ke artha meM, dUsare sAdhya ke artha meM / jaba gItA yoga zabda kI vyAkhyA 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' ke artha meM karatI hai, to yaha sAdhana-yoga kI vyAkhyA hai| vastutaH hamAre bhautika stara para athavA cetanA aura bhautika jagat (vyakti aura vAtAvaraNa) ke madhya jisa samAyojana kI AvazyakatA hai, vahA~ para yoga zabda kA yahI artha vivakSita hai| tilaka bhI likhate haiM ki eka hI karma ko karane ke aneka yoga yA upAya ho sakate haiM, parantu unameM se jo upAya yA sAdhana uttama ho usI ko yoga kahate hai / 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' kI vyAkhyA bhI yahI kahatI hai ki karma meM kuzalatA yoga hai / kisI kriyA yA karma ko kuzalatApUrvaka sampAdita karanA yoga hai / isa vyAkhyA se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isameM yoga karma kA eka sAdhana hai jo usakI kuzalatA meM nihita hai arthAt yoga karma ke lie hai / gItA kI yoga zabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA 'samatvaM yoga ucyate' kA sIdhA artha yahI hai ki 'samatva ko yoga kahate haiM / ' yahA~ para yoga sAdhana nahIM, sAdhya hai / isa prakAra gItA yoga zabda kI dvividha vyAkhyA prastuta karatI hai, eka sAdhana-yoga kI aura dUsarI sAdhya-yoga kI / isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki yoga do prakAra kA hai - 1. sAdhana-yoga aura 2. sAdhya-yoga / gItA jaba jJAnayoga, karmayoga yA bhaktiyoga kA vivecana karatI hai to ye usakI sAdhana-yoga kI vyAkhyAe~ hai / sAdhana aneka ho sakate haiM jJAna, karma aura bhakti sabhI sAdhana-yoga haiM, sAdhya-yoga nahIM / lekina samatvayoga sAdhya-yoga hai| samadarzI hI saccA yogI hai / vaha karma ke vividha phaloM ke prati hI 1. gItArahasya, pR. 57 2. gItArahasya, pR. 57

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bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga 33 nahIM, saMsAra ke cara-acara sabhI bhUta-samudaya ko bhI Atma- draSTi se dekhatA hai / zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko sambodhita karake kahA hai arthAt he arjuna ! jo yogI Atma - sAdRzya se sampUrNa bhUtoM meM samadRSTi rakhatA hai, sukha ho yA duHkha- donoM meM jisakI dRSTi sama rahatI hai, vaha yogI parama zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| vidyA - vinaya sampanna brAhmaNa, gAya, hAthI, zvAna aura cAMDAla ina sabhI ko jJAnIjana samabhAva se dekhane vAle hote haiM / yahA~ 'samadarzI' zabda kA prayoga hai, 'samavartI kA nahIM / prAyaH saMkIrNa vicAra ke loga isakA artha yaha bhI karate haiM ki gItA ddaSTi ke stara para samatA aura vyavahAra ke stara para bhedabhAva kA pracchanna upadeza detI hai / yaha zloka kA artha nahIM anartha hai / jaivika stara para 'vartana' kA antara honA svAbhAvika hai aura guNa - karma - vibhAga ke AdhAra para vyavahAra bhI pRthak hote haiM / mahattva to 'dRSTi' kA hai, jo Atmika stara para sAdhaka kI upalabdhi hotI hai / isalie jJAnI ko 'samadarzI' kahA gayA hai / 1. gItA 6 / 32 2. gItA 5/18 3. gItA 12/15 4. gItA 12/16 Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjuna / sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mataH // vidyAvinayasampanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / zuni caiva zvapAke ca paMDitA: samadarzinaH // vaha samadarzitva karma ke dvividha phaloM yA saMsAra ke vibhinna bhUtarAja meM hI nahIM, harSazokAdi ke dvandvamaya manobhAvoM ke prati bhI honA anivArya hai 1 dvAdaza adhyAya meM bhagavadbhakta ke lakSaNoM meM isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / 'harSAmarSabhayodvegairmuktaH, anapekSaH, udAsIna, zubhAzubhaparityAgI', 'samaduHkhasukha : ' 'tulyanindAstutiH' 'aniketaH" padoM kA prayoga 'samatva - darzana, pratipAdana 6 5. gItA 12/17 6. gItA 12/13 : 7. gItA 12/19

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai / 'sthitaprajJa' muni vahI hotA hai, jo duHkhoM meM anudvigna aura sukhoM ke prati ni:spRha banA rahe, na jisameM rAga ho, na bhaya, na krodha, na dveSa', vahI vAyu rahita sthAna meM jalatI dIpazikhA ke samAna akampa aura samudra ke sadRza 'acalapratiSTha' hotA hai / vastutaH samatA hI ekatA hai / yahI paramezvara kA svarUpa hai| isameM sthita ho jAne kA nAma hI 'brAhmI sthiti' hai| jisakI isameM gAr3ha sthiti hotI hai, vaha triguNAtIta, nirvikAra, sthitaprajJI, aura yogayukta kahalAtA hai| eka jJAna-svarUpa paramAtmA meM vaha nitya sthita hai, isalie jJAnI hai| sarvatra use paramAtmA ke darzana hote haiM, isalie vaha bhakta hai| use koI karma kabhI bA~dha nahIM sakatA, isI kAraNa vaha jIvanamukta kahalAtA hai / samatA-dRSTi ke kAraNa vaha niSkAma AcaraNa karatA hai, isalie vaha mahAtmA kahalAtA hai / vaha 'vijJAnAnaMdaghana' meM tadrUpa hokara sthira rahatA hai / usakA Ananda nitya, zuddha-buddha evaM vilakSaNa hotA hai| yaha prazna phira bhI uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki samatvayoga ko hI sAdhya yoga kyoM mAnA jAye ? vaha bhI sAdhanayoga kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai ? isake lie hamAre tarka isa prakAra haiM : 1. jJAna, karma, bhakti aura dhyAna sabhI 'samatva' ke lie hote haiM, kyoMki yadi jJAna, karma, bhakti yA dhyAna svayaM sAdhya hote to inakI yathArthatA yA zubhatva svayaM inameM hI nihita hotA / lekina gItA yaha batAtI hai ki binA samatva ke jJAna, yathArthajJAna nahIM banatA, jo samatvadRSTi rakhatA hai vahI jJAnI hai, binA samatva ke karma akarma nahIM banatA / samatva ke abhAva meM karma kA bandhakatva banA rahatA hai, lekina jo siddhi aura asiddhi meM samatva se yukta hotA hai, usake lie karma bandhaka nahIM banate / isI prakAra vaha bhakta bhI saccA bhakta nahIM hai, jisameM samatva kA abhAva hai| samatvabhAva se yathArtha bhakti kI upalabdhi hotI hai / samatva ke Adarza se yukta hone para hI jJAna , karma aura bhakti apanI yathArthatA ko pAte haiM / samatva vaha 'sAra' hai, jisakI upasthiti meM jJAna, karma 1. gItA 2156 2. gItA 619 3. gItA 2070 4. gItA, 5118 5. gItA, 8 / 22 .6. vahI, 854

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bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga aura bhakti kA koI mUlya yA artha sahI hotA hai| vastutaH jJAna, karma aura bhakti jaba taka samatva se yukta nahIM hote haiM, unameM samatva kI avadhAraNA nahIM hotI hai, taba taka jJAna mAtra jJAna hI rahatA hai, vaha jJAnayoga nahIM hotA / karma mAtra karma rahatA hai, karmayoga nahIM banatA aura bhakti bhI mAtra zraddhA yA bhakti hI rahatI hai, vaha bhaktiyoga nahIM banatI hai, kyoMki ina saba meM hama meM nihita paramAtmA se jor3ane kA sAmarthya nahIM AtA / 'samatva' hI vaha zakti hai jisase jJAna jJAnayoga ke rUpa meM, bhakti bhaktiyoga ke rUpa meM aura karma karmayoga ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM bhI jJAna, darzana (zraddhA) aura cAritra (karma) jaba taka samatva se yukta nahIM hote, samyak nahIM banate / aura jaba taka ye samyak nahIM banate, taba taka mokSa-mArga ke aMga nahIM hote haiM / 2. gItA ke anusAra mAnava kA sAdhya paramAtmA kI prApti hai, aura gItA kA paramAtmA yA brahma 'sama' hai / jisakA mana 'samabhAva' meM sthita hai vaha to saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI mukta hai, kyoMki brahma bhI nirdoSa evaM sama hai / vaha usI samatva meM sthita hai jo brahma hai aura isalie vaha brahma meM hI hai| ise spaSTa rUpa meM yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jo 'samatva' meM sthita hai vaha brahma meM sthita haiM, kyoMki 'sama' hI brahma hai| gItA meM Izvara ke isa samatva rUpa kA pratipAdana hai / naveM adhyAya meM kRSNa kahate haiM ki maiM sabhI prANiyoM meM 'sama' ke rUpa meM sthita hU~ / terahaveM adhyAya meM kahA hai ki sama-rUpa paramezvara sabhI prANiyoM meM sthita hai; prANiyoM ke vinAza se bhI usakA nAza nahIM hai / jo isa samatva ke rUpa meM usako dekhatA hai vahI vAstavika jJAnI hai, kyoMki sabhI meM samarUpa meM sthita paramezvara ko samabhAva se dekhatA huA vaha apane dvArA apanA hI ghAta nahIM karatA arthAt apane samatvamaya yA vItarAga svabhAva ko naSTa nahIM hone detA aura mukti prApta kara letA hai| 3. gItA ke chaThe adhyAya meM paramayogI ke svarUpa ke varNana meM yaha dhAraNA aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| gItAkAra jaba kabhI jJAna, karma yA bhaktiyoga 1. gItA, 5 / 19, gItA (zAM) 5218 2. gItA, 5 / 19 3. gItA, 9 / 29 4. vahI, 13127-28

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi meM tulanA karatA hai to vaha unakI tulanAtmaka zreSThatA yA kaniSThatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai, jaise karma-saMnyAsa se karmayoga zreSTha hai', bhaktoM meM jJAnI-bhakta mujhe priya hai| lekina vaha na to jJAnayogI ko paramayogI kahatA hai, na karmayogI ko paramayogI kahatA hai aura na bhakta ko hI paramayogI kahatA hai, varan usakI dRSTi meM paramayogI to vaha hai jo sarvatra samatva kA darzana karatA hai / gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yogI kI pahacAna to samatva hI hai / vaha kahatA hai 'yoga se yukta AtmA vahI hai jo samadarzI hai / samatva kI sAdhanA karanevAlA yogI hI saccA yogI hai / cAhe sAdhana ke rUpa meM jJAna, karma yA bhakti ho yadi usase samatva nahIM AtA, to vaha yoga nahIM hai / 4. gItA kA yathArtha yoga samatva-yoga hai| isa bAta kI siddhi kA eka anya pramANa bhI hai| gItA ke chaThe adhyAya meM arjuna svayaM hI yaha kaThinAI upasthita karatA hai ki 'he kRSNa ! Apane yaha samatvabhAva (mana kI samatA) rUpa yoga kahA hai, mujhe mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa isa samatvayoga kA koI sthira AdhAra dikhalAI nahIM detA / arthAt mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa isa samatva ko pAnA sambhava nahIM hai / '5 isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki gItAkAra kA mUla upadeza to isI samatva-yoga kA hai, lekina yaha samatva mana kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa sahaja nahIM hotA hai / ataH mana kI caMcalatA ko samApta karane ke lie jJAna, karma, tapa, dhyAna aura bhakti ke sAdhana batAye gaye haiN| Age zrIkRSNa jaba yaha kahate haiM ki 'he arjuna ! tapasvI, jJAnI, karmakANDI sabhI se yogI adhika hai ataH tU yogI ho jA, to yaha aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gItAkAra kA uddezya jJAna, karma, bhakti athavA tapa kI sAdhanA kA upadeza denA mAtra nahIM haiN| yadi jJAna, karma, bhakti yA tapa rUpa sAdhanA kA pratipAdana karanA hI gItAkAra - 1. gItA, 5 / 2 2. vahI, 717 3. gItA, 6 / 32 4. vahI, 6 / 29 5. vahI, 6 / 33 6. gItA, 6 / 46

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bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga 37 kA antima lakSya hotA, to arjuna ko jJAnI, tapasvI, karmayogI yA bhakta banane kA upadeza diyA jAtA, na ki yogI banane kaa| dUsare, yadi gItAkAra kA yoga se tAtparya karma- kauzala yA karmayoga jJAnayoga, tapa ( dhyAna ) yoga athavA bhaktiyoga hI hotA to inameM pArasparika tulanA honI cAhie thI; lekina ina sabase bhinna evaM zreSTha yaha yoga kauna-sA hai jisake zreSThatva kA pratipAdana gItAkAra karatA hai evaM jise aMgIkAra karane kA arjuna ko upadeza detA hai ? vaha yoga samatvayoga hI hai, jisake zreSThatva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / samatva - yoga meM yoga zabda kA artha 'jor3anA' nahIM hai, kyoMki aisI avasthA meM samatva- yoga bhI sAdhana - yoga hogA, sAdhya - yoga nahIM / dhyAna yA samAdhi bhI samatva yoga kA sAdhana haiM / gItA meM aneka sthaloM para samatva-yoga kI zikSA dI gayI hai / zrIkRSNa kahate haiM, 'he arjuna ! jo sukha - duHkha meM samabhAva rakhatA hai usa dhIra (samabhAvI) vyakti ko indriyoM ke sukha - duHkhAdi viSaya vyAkula nahIM karate, vaha mokSa yA amRtatva kA adhikArI hotA hai| sukha-duHkha, lAbha-hAni, jayaparAjaya Adi meM samatvabhAva dhAraNa kara, phira yadi tU yuddha karegA to pApa nahIM lagegA, kyoMki jo samatva se yukta hotA hai usase koI pApa hI nahIM hotA hai| he arjuna ! Asakti kA tyAga kara, siddhi evaM asiddhi meM samabhAva rakhakara, samatva se yukta ho; tU karmoM kA AcaraNa kara, kyoMki yaha samatva hI yoga hai / samatva - buddhiyoga se sakAma karma ati tuccha hai, isalie he arjuna ! samatva - buddhiyoga kA Azraya le kyoMki phala kI vAsanA arthAt Asakti rakhanevAle atyanta dIna hai / samatva - buddhi se yukta puruSa pApa aura puNya donoM se alipta rahatA hai (arthAt samabhAva hone para karma bandhanakAraka nahIM hote) / isalie samatva - buddhiyoga ke lie hI ceSTA kara, samatva - buddhirUpa yoga hI karma - bandhana se chUTane kA upAya hai, pApa-puNya se bacakara anAsakta evaM 1. gItA 2243 2. gAnA 2115 3. gItA 2238 tulanA 4. gItA 2248 5. vahI, 2046 AcArAMga, 133|2

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38 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi sAmyabuddhi se karma karane kI kuzalatA hI yoga hai / jo svAbhAvika upalabdhiyoM meM santuSTa hai, rAga-dveSa evaM IrSyA se rahita nirdvandva evaM siddhi-asiddhi meM samabhAva se yukta hai, vaha jIvana ke sAmAnya vyApAroM ko karate hue bhI bandhana meM nahIM AtA hai / he arjuna ! aneka prakAra ke siddhAntoM se vicalita terI buddhi jaba samAdhi yukta ho nizcala evaM sthira ho jAyegI, taba tU samatvayoga ko prApta ho jAyegA ! jo bhI prANI apanI vAsanAtmaka AtmA ko jItakara zIta aura uSNa, mAna aura apamAna, sukha aura duHkha jaisI virodhI sthitiyoM meM bhI sadaiva prazAnta rahatA hai arthAt samabhAva rakhatA hai vaha paramAtmA meM sthita hai / jisakI AtmA tattvajJAna evaM AtmajJAna se tRpta hai, jo anAsakta evaM saMyamI hai, jo loha evaM kAMcana donoM meM samAna bhAva rakhatA hai, vahI yogI yoga (samatva-yoga) se yukta hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai / jo vyakti suhRdaya, mitra, zatra, taTastha, madhyastha, dveSI evaM bandhu meM tathA dharmAtmA evaM pApiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI ati zreSTha hai athavA vahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai / jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA meM evaM apanI AtmA ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai arthAt sabhI ko samabhAva se dekhatA hai vahI yuktAtmA hai| jo sukha-duHkhAdi avasthAoM meM sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samabhAva se dekhatA hai, vahI paramayogI hai / jo apanI indriyoM ke samUha ko bhalI-bhA~ti saMyamita karake sarvatra samatvabuddhi se sabhI prANiyoM ke kalyANa meM nirata hai, vaha paramAtmA ko hI prApta kara letA hai| jo na kabhI harSita hotA hai, na dveSa karatA hai, na zoka karatA hai, na kAmanA karatA hai tathA jo zubha aura azubha sampUrNa karmoM ke phala kA 1. gItA 250 2. vahI, 4 / 23 3. vahI, 2053 4. vahI, 67 5. vahI, 68 6. vahI, 69 (pAThAntara-vimucyate) 7. vahI, 6 / 29 8. vahI, 6 / 32 9. vahI, 12 / 4

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bhagavadgItA meM samatvayoga 39 tyAgI hai, vaha bhaktiyukta puruSa mujhe priya hai| jo puruSa zatru-mitra meM aura mAnaapamAna meM sama hai tathA sardI-garmI aura sukha-duHkhAdi dvandvoM meM sama hai aura sAre saMsAra meM Asakti se rahita hai / 2 tathA jo nindA-stuti ko samAna samajhane vAlA aura mananazIla hai, arthAt Izvara ke svarUpa kA nirantara manana karanevAlA hai evaM jisa kisa prakAra se bhI mAtra zarIra kA nirvAha hone meM sadA hI santuSTa hai aura rahane ke sthAna meM mamatA se rahita hai, vaha sthira-buddhivAlA, bhaktimAna puruSa mujhe priya hai| isa prakAra jAnakara, jo puruSa naSTa hote hue saba carAcara bhUtoM meM nAzarahita paramezvara ko, samabhAva se sthita dekhatA hai, vahI yathArtha dekhatA hai| kyoMki vaha puruSa sabameM samabhAva se sthita hue paramezvara ko dekhatA huA apane Apako naSTa nahIM mAnatA hai, arthAt zarIra kA nAza hone se apanI AtmA kA nAza nahIM mAnatA hai, isase vaha paramagati ko prApta hotA samatva ke abhAva meM jJAna yathArtha jJAna nahIM hai cAhe vaha jJAna kitanA hI vizAla kyoM na ho / vaha jJAna yoga nahIM haiN| samatva-darzana yathArtha jJAna kA anivArya aMga hai / samadarzI hI saccA paNDita yA jJAnI hai / jJAna kI sArthakatA aura jJAna kA antima lakSya samatva-darzana hai / samatvamaya brahma yA Izvara jo hama saba meM nihita hai, usakA bodha karAnA hI jJAna aura darzana kI sArthakatA hai| isI prakAra samatva bhAvanA ke udaya se bhakti kA saccA svarUpa pragaTa hotA hai| jo samadarzI hotA hai vaha parama bhakti ko prApta karatA hai / gItA ke aThArahaveM adhyAya meM kRSNa ne spaSTa kahA hai ki jo samatvabhAva meM sthita hotA hai vaha merI parama bhakti ko prApta karatA hai| bArahaveM adhyAya meM sacce bhakta kA lakSaNa 1. gItA, 12 / 17 2. gItA 67 3. vahI, 12 / 19 4. vahI, 13 / 27 5. vahI, 13 / 28 6. vahI, 5 / 18 7. vahI, 13 / 27-28 8. vahI, 1854

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40 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi bhI samatva - vRtti kA udaya mAnA gayA hai / jaba samatvabhAva kA udaya hotA hai| tabhI vyakti kA karma akarma banatA hai / samatva - vRtti se yukta hokara kiyA gayA koI bhI AcaraNa bandhanakArI nahIM hotA / usa AcaraNa se vyakti pApa ko prApta nahIM hotA / isa prakAra dhyAna yoga kA parama sAdhya bhI vaicArika samatva hai / samAdhi kI eka paribhASA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki jisake dvArA citta kA samatva prApta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samAdhi hai / jJAna, karma, bhakti aura dhyAna sabhI samatva ko prApta karane ke lie haiM / jaba ve samatva se yukta ho jAte haiM, taba apane sacce svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM / jJAna yathArtha jJAna bana jAtA hai, bhakti parama bhakti ho jAtI hai, karma akarma ho jAtA hai aura dhyAna nirvikalpa samAdhi kA lAbha kara letA hai / ataH gItA-darzana sAra rUpa meM samatva - darzana hI hai / yahI samatA hai, yahI advaita hai / nimnalikhita zloka meM spaSTa zabdoM meM isI tattva kA pratipAdana hai : ihaiva tairjitaH sargo yeSAM sAmye sthitaM manaH / nirdoSaM hi samaM brahma tasmAd brahmaNi te sthitAH // jinakA mana samatvabhAva meM (sAmye) sthita hai, unake dvArA jIvita avasthA meM hI sampUrNa saMsAra (sarga) jIta liyA gayA hai / saccidAnaMdadhana brahma nirdoSa aura 'sama' hai, ataH samatva buddhi vAle ve jIvanamukta vastuta: brahma meM hI sthita haiM / isIlie vinobAjI gItA ko sAmya yoga kA zAstra kahate haiM / 1. gItA, 12 / 17-19 2. gItA 2238 3. vahI, 2/53 4. vahI, 5 / 19

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samatvayoga aura pleTo 7. samatvayoga aura pleTo' suprasiddha grIka dArzanika pleTo (828-347 I. pUrva ) kI bahucarcita pustaka ( DAyalaoNga ) 'ripablika' kI pramukha thIma, 'samarasatA' hai| pleTo kI uparyukta pustaka meM varNita, samAja, AtmA, zikSA evaM kalA sambandhI vicAroM meM isI Adarza - samarasatA kA Adarza kI prApti kI jhalaka milatI hai / 41 pleTo ko isa bAta se bar3I vedanA huI ki usake guru sukarAta ko jahara ko pIkara apanI jIvana lIlA samApta karanI pdd'ii| kyA doSa thA sukarAta kA ? usakA yahI doSa thA ki vaha saca bolatA thA aura zarIra ko jIvita rakhane ke lie AtmA kI AvAja dabAtA nahIM thA / pleTo ko patA lagA ki samakAlIna rAja meM nyAya nahIM hai aura isIlie vizva ke sabase buddhimAna vyakti sukarAta ko apane jIvana se hAtha dhonA par3A / usane eka aise Adarza rAjya kI sthApanA kA saMkalpa liyA jisameM nyAya ho sake / usaneM patniyoM aura sampatti ke sAmyavAda kI jo bAta kahI usakA AdhAra hI samatA hai / pleTo, dArzanika zAsaka ko kaMcana aura kAminI ke moha se mukta hokara, samAja ke kalyANa meM pravRtta hone ko kahatA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki zAsakoM ko sone, cA~dI ke bartanoM meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki divya prakAra kA svarNa aura rajata to unako Izvara se nitya hI apanI AtmA ke bhItara prApta hai, unako martyaloka kI nimna koTi kI dhAtu kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathA unako pavitratA kI apanI daivI sampadA ke sAtha martyaloka kI dhAtu kA mizraNa kara usako avaidha banAnA sahana nahIM honA caahie| pleTo ne zAsakoM ke lie sone-cA~dI ko hAtha meM lenA athavA sparza karanA yA unake sAtha ekatra eka chata ke nIce rahanA yA AbhUSaNoM ke rUpa meM unako apane aMgoM meM dhAraNa karanA athavA sone-cA~dI ke pAtroM kA pIne ke lie upayoga karanA avaidha batAyA / zAsaka varga meM do guNoM Atma-nigraha evaM sAhasa ke sAtha-sAtha 'viveka' bhI honA caahie| 'viveka' hI aisA guNa hai jisake AdhAra para vaha 'kyA karanA cAhiye aura kyA nahIM karanA cAhie' meM bheda sthApita kara sakatA hai / samAja Adarza samAja tabhI bana sakatA hai jaba pratyeka vyakti apane-apane ataH 1. samatA-darzana- vyavahAra samAja. zrI ke ela. zarmA, pRSTha 97

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samatvayoga--eka samanavayadRSTi kArya ko apanI sampUrNa kSamatA se kare / samAja meM patana taba AtA hai jaba vyakti apanA 'karma' chor3akara anya karma bhI karanA cAhe / pleTo ke anusAra Adarza rAjya meM artha ko utanA hI mahattva diyA jAyagA ki vyakti kI apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho jAya / pleTo spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki manuSyoM meM vaiyaktika bhinnatAe~ hotI haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM, eka vyakti dUsare vyakti se pUrNarUpeNa samAna nahIM hotA / unameM kaI dRSTiyoM se asamAnatAe~ hotI haiN| isIlie pleTo kI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka vyakti ko usakI yogyatA ke anusAra kAma milanA cAhie / itanA hI nahIM, kAryoM ke svarUpa meM bhI bhinnatAe~ hotI haiM / ataH kAryoM yA vyavasAyoM kI mA~goM ke anusAra vyaktiyoM kA cunAva karanA cAhie / pleTo ke isa mata ko sAra rUpa meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki 'kAma ko AdamI aura AdamI ko kAma' milanA cAhie / pleTo ke ripablika kI pramukha samasyA hai - nyAya (naitikatA) kA svarUpa kyA hai ? tathA kyA anyAyI vyakti (anaitika vyakti) nyAyI vyakti kI tulanA meM sukhI rahatA hai ? prathama pleTo ina praznoM ke pracalita uttaroM kA khaNDana karate haiM / isake uparAnta ina praznoM ke uttara ke lie 'Adarza rAjya' kI kalpanA karate haiM / pahale unhoMne ina praznoM kA uttara samAja ke saMdarbha meM dene kA prayatna kiyA hai aura isake bAda (unhIM tarkoM ke AdhAra para) AtmA yA vyakti ke saMdarbha meM nyAya ke prazna para carcA kI hai| nyAya kI samasyA ko pleTo ne do saMdarbho meM uThAyA hai - prathama rAjya (samAja) ke saMdarbha meM tathA dvitIya vyakti yA AtmA ke saMdarbha meM / pleTo ke Adarza rAjya meM tIna koTiyoM ke vyakti haiM - utpAdaka varga (Economic Class), sainika varga tathA zAsaka varga / ina vyaktiyoM ko unakI yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI ina vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka varga ke vyakti ko kevala vahI karma karanA cAhie jo ki usake varga ke lie karanA hai / samAja meM asAmAnya sthiti taba utpanna hotI hai jaba vyakti apanA kArya chor3akara, athavA apane kArya ke sAtha-sAtha anya kArya bhI karane lage / aisA karane para vyakti apane mUla kArya ko bhalI prakAra pUrNa kSamatA se nahIM kara pAyegA /

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samatvayoga aura pleTo 43 'nyAya' ko pleTo ne caturtha sadguNa mAnA hai / para yaha anya tIna sadguNoM - Atmanigraha, sAhasa evaM viveka se bhinna koI anya sadguNa nahIM hai varan isakI utpatti inhIM ke sAmaMjasya se hotI hai| nyAyI samAja vaha samAja hai jisameM uparyukta tInoM guNoM meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya ho / dUsare zabdoM meM samAja ke sabhI varga milajula kara kArya kareM, tabhI samAja 'nyAyI' samAja banatA hai| vyakti yA AtmA ke saMdarbha meM bhI pleTo ne nyAya ke prazna ko uThAyA hai / pleTo AtmA ke tIna pahalU mAnate haiM / icchAtmaka (Appetitive), bhAvAtmaka (Spirited) tathA jJAnAtmaka ( Rational) pahalU / jaba ina tInoM pahaluoM meM sAmaMjasya hotA hai taba AtmA meM nyAya kI utpatti hotI hai| phaoNyaDa (manovizleSaNavAdI manovaijJAnika) ne bhI vyaktitva ke tIna pahalU iDa, Igo, evaM suparaIgo mAne haiM / 'iDa' kA sambandha icchAoM ( damita) se hai / 'Igo' vyaktitva kA vaha pahalU hai jo vAstavikatA ( Reality) ke samparka meM AtA hai tathA 'suparaIgo' kA nirmANa, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM naitika Adarza karate haiM / agara ina tInoM pahaluoM meM sAmaMjasya hotA hai to vaha vyaktitva sAmAnya vyaktitva kahalAtA hai / vyakti ke vyavahAra meM asAmAnyatA taba AtI haiM jaba 'Igo' iDa yA suparaIgo dvArA paricAlita hotA hai /

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44 samatA hara dharma ke sAtha kisI na kisI sImA taka baMdhI huI hai / vItarAgatA se jur3I huI samatA AdhyAtmika samatA hai jo AgamoM aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM dikhAI detI hai| mAdhyastha bhAva se jur3I huI samatA dArzanika samatA hai jise hama syAdavAda, anekAntavAda kiMvA vibhajjavAda meM dekha sakate haiM tathA kAruNyamUlaka samatA para rAjanIti ke kucha vAda prasthApita hue haiM / mArksa kA sAmyavAda aisI hI pRSThabhUmi lie hue hai 1 8. samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa mahAvIra itihAsa meM prathama vyakti the jinhoMne mAnava ko sarvopari pratiSThA dI aura isake lie isa sImA taka Age bar3he ki Izvara kI niyAmaka sattA ko bhI bulanda AvAja meM spaSTataH nakAra diyA / unhoMne kArla mArksa se hajAroM varSa pUrva kahA samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 'asaMvibhAgI asaMgaharuI appamANabhoI se tArisae nArAhae yayamiNa " " jo asaMvibhAgI hai jIvana-sAdhanoM para vyaktigata svAmitva kI sattA sthApita kara unake prakRti pradatta saMvibhAga ko nakAratA hai, asaMgraharucijo apane lie hI saMgraha karake rakhatA hai aura dUsaroM ke lie kucha bhI nahIM rakhatA, apramANabhojI- maryAdA se adhika bhojana evaM jIvana-sAdhanoM kA svayaM upabhoga karatA hai, vaha asteya kA ArAdhaka nahIM, virAdhaka hai / arthAt vaha 'steya' yAne corI karatA hai, adattAdAna arthAt jo usakA nahIM hai use apanA mAnatA hai, jo use nahIM diyA gayA hai use balAt lie hue hai|" manu isake samAnAntara bAta kahatA hai ki "Aja aura isI pala jIvananirvAha ke lie, jo Avazyaka hai usase adhika anna kA eka kaNa bhI, sUta kA eka dhAgA bhI jisane saMgraha kara rakhA hai vaha steya - corI kara rahA hai aura daNDa pAne yogya haiM / " 1. " -- kArla mArksa ke samUce cintana kA AdhAra hI viSamatA ke sthAna para samAnatA kI sthApanA karanA hai / mArksa apane adhyayana ke AdhAra para isa samatA-darzana-vyavahAra- samAja DaoN. vizvambhara nAtha upAdhyAya

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samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki viSamatA aura zoSaNa pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA kI dena hai, jisake rahate hue zramika ko kabhI nyAya nahIM mila sakatA / usane pUMjIvAda ko eka saMsthA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA, eka aisI saMsthA ke rUpa meM jo majadUrI ke AdhAra para jIvikA-nirvAha karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA meM niraMtara vRddhi karatI jAtI hai aura ina vyaktiyoM kA apane sevAniyojakoM se kevala majadUrI pAne kA sambandha hotA hai| unake pAsa kevala eka hI sAmagrI hai jise ve pratiyogitA se pUrNa bAjAra meM beca sakate haiM aura vaha sAmagrI hai kAma karane kI zakti / isa sAmagrI ko kharIdane vAle kA ekamAtra dAyitva yaha hai ki vaha cAlU kImata adA kare / isa prakAra udyoga-dhaMdhoM meM mAlika aura majadUra ke bIca jo sambandha hotA hai usameM na to koI mAnavI aMza rahatA hai aura na naitika dAyitva / yaha sambandha vizuddha rUpa se zakti kA sambandha bana jAtA hai| mArksa ko yaha sthiti Adhunika itihAsa kA sabase krAMtikArI tattva pratIta huii| isameM eka ora to aisA varga hai jisakA utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para pUrA svAmitva hai aura jo mumAphA kamAne meM juTA huA hai tathA dUsarI ora eka zoSita varga hai jisakI kSamatA nirantara ghaTatI jAtI hai aura vaha kAla-cakra meM pisatA jAtA hai / mArksa ke cintana kA mUlAdhAra yahI varga saMgharSa kA siddhAnta hai| usane udayonmukha sarvahArA varga ke lie eka aise sAmAjika darzana kI vyavasthA kI jo eka zoSaNa-vihIna samAja kI sthApanA kI aguvAI kare / mArksa samatA kA itanA prabala pakSapAtI hai ki usane zoSaNa ke aujAra rAjya ko hI samUla naSTa karane kI bAta kahI / mArksavAdI samatA kI dhAraNA yaha hai ki vyaktigata sampatti kI paddhati ke vinAza ke binA Arthika, rAjanaitika aura sAMskRtika samatA kAyama nahIM ho sakatI / isa sandarbha meM arAjakatAvAdI vicAraka prUdho kA mata smaraNIya hai| usane kahA thA ki vyaktigata sampatti corI (Property is theft) hai / mAlika jo prophiTa kaha kara letA hai, zrama kI corI kara rahA hai / adhikAMza vaha le letA hai, alpAMza bacatA hai una saba ke lie jo vAstava meM mAlika haiM usa artha ke / nItizAstra ke anusAra honA yaha cAhie thA ki apanI nyUnatama AvazyakatAoM ke lie vAMchita rAzi letA, zeSa lauTAtA unako, jinakI vAstava meM hai| jIvana ke sAdhana usake haiM, kyoMki sabake haiM, isalie

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46 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi ki jIvana usakA aura sabakA hai / sampatti ke rUpa meM vaha jo jamA kara rahA hai, usakI nahIM kisI kI bhI nahIM kyoMki sabakI hai / sampatti para svAmitva steya hai, adattAdAna hai arthAt corii| IzAvAsyopaniSad se lekara manusmRti taka, pleTo se lekara masIha taka, mahAvIra se lekara mArksa taka yaha AvAja uThatI rahI hai aura yaha AvAja dharma kI hai, satya kI hai| use na mAnane ke lie hama svatantra hai, pariNAma se bacanA saMbhava nahIM / mAnane ke lie svatantra haiM, taba duSpariNAmoM se baca sakate haiM / AcArya zrI tulasI se eka vyakti ne pUchA kyA bhArata meM rakta - krAMti Ane vAlI hai ? unhoMne kahA "Apa lA rahe haiM to AyegI hI / Apa nahIM lAyeMge to nahIM bhI A sakatI hai / bAta Apa para nirbhara hai / " hara kriyA kI pratikriyA to hotI hai / pratikriyA se bacane kA ekamAtra upAya hai usa kriyA se hI bcnaa| dUsarA koI upAya nahIM / isalie mahAvIra kahate haiM " varaM me appA daMto saMjameNa taveNa ya / NAhaM parehi dammaMto baMdhaNehi bahehi ya // " "" 'acchA hai tapa aura saMyama - sAdagIpUrNa jIvana ke dvArA hama apane Apa para niyantraNa kareM, nahIM to dUsare Upara se bandhana lAda kara yA bala-prayoga kara hama para niyantraNa kareMge / " svatantratA kA vikalpa paratantratA hai / paratantratA kA vikalpa svatantratA hai / tantrahInatA kisI kA vikalpa nahIM hai / vaha abhAva hai svatantratA kA, paratantratA kA bhI / svatantratA na hogI to paratantratA A jAegI / tantrahInatA nahIM Tika sakatI / jIvana sArA kA sArA taMtra hai, vyavasthA hai, santulana hai / asantulana cala nahIM sakatA lambe samaya taka / use TUTanA par3atA hai| viSamatA cala nahIM sakatI adhika samaya taka, use miTanA hotA hai / zoSaNa cala nahIM sakatA anizcita kAla taka, usakA vinAza hotA hai, unmUlana hotA hai| hiMsA kA koI bhI rUpa ho, pratihiMsA ko janma detA hai / jIviyaM puDho ihamegesiM mANayANaM khetta-yutthu - mamAyamANANaM ArattaM virataM - maNi- kuMDala - saha - hiraNNeNa itthiAo parigijjha tattheva rattA

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47 dissati samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa Na ettha tavo vA damo vA Niyamo vA dissaMti saMpuNNabAle jIviukAme lAlappamANe mUDhe vippariyAsamuvei / " / "aise loga bhI jIvita haiM jo kheta, vastu, maNikuMDala, sonA-cA~dI, kAminiyoM meM Arakta haiM, giddhakI taraha A~kheM lagAye haiM, unhIM meM tallIna haiM / unako koI tapa, saMyama yA niyama dikhAI nahIM par3atA / ve sampUrNataH ajJAnI haiM, apane jIne se hI matalaba rakhate haiM, lAlacI haiM, unakI buddhi ulaTI ho gayI hai / " mahAvIra jo kaha rahe haiM vaha bar3A kaTu satya hai, vahI jo mArksa kaha rahA hai / mahAvIra kI dRSTi jyAdA painI hai, dRSTi-kSetra jyAdA vyApaka hai, bAta jyAdA tIkSNa hai| mahAvIra yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki "aise logoM kA sonA jAgane se acchA hai, durbala honA balavAna hone se acchA hai -'' "atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM suttattaM sAhU / atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM jAgariyattaM sAhU // atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM baliyattaM sAhU / atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM duvaliyattaM sAhU / ' isa prakAra samAjavAdI vyavasthA meM hI samatA sthApita ho sakatI hai, jisameM utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para vyaktigata svAmitva ko samApta karake Arthika zoSaNa kA anta kara diyA jAtA hai| samAjavAda ke AlocakoM kA yaha kathana ki samAjavAda meM, soviyata rUsa aura cIna meM asamatA hai, nirAdhAra hai kyoMki vahA~ asamatA vinAzonmukha hai / samAjavAda ke prathama sopAna meM pArizramika yogyatAnusAra diyA jAtA hai jabaki janasevAeM (zikSA, svAsthya-rakSA, yAtrAvyavasthA Adi) prAyaH muphta hotI haiM / ataeva zikSA, svAsthya, nivAsa aura yAtrA karIba-karIba nizulka hone se, pArizramika meM yadi antara rahatA bhI hai to vaha adhika akharatA nahIM hai jabaki sAmaMtI aura pU~jIvAdI dezoM meM vetanamAnoM kA vaiSamya prANAntaka hotA jAtA hai kyoMki aise mulkoM meM mehanatakaza janatA ucca zikSA, kharcIlI davAiyoM tathA starIya jIvana se vaMcita rahatI hai, kevala ucca varga aura ucca madhya varga hI sukhI raha pAtA hai / ataH jo loga 'yogyatAnusAra pArizramika' ke samAjavAdI siddhAnta ko 1. AcArAMga sUtra

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi samajhanA cAhate haiM, unheM rAjya dvArA saMcAlita janasevAoM kI virATatA aura sarvasulabhatA para manana karanA caahie| hamAre deza meM roTI, yAtrA, zikSA, nivAsa aura upacAra sarvasulabha nahIM haiM, ataH asamatA hai 48 samAjavAda kA agalA kadama sAmyavAda hai, jisameM pArizramika yogyatA ke AdhAra para nahIM, icchAnusAra yA AvazyakatAnusAra mila sakatA hai kyoMki sAmyavAda ke sopAna taka pahu~ca kara vastuoM kA utpAdana, takanIkI unnati se itanA adhika hogA ki sabhI logoM kI sArI jarUrate pUrI kI jA sakeMgI aura zrama yA kArya taba bojha yA vyAdhi nahIM, Ananda yA krIr3A meM badala jAyagA / lekina sAmyavAdI vyavasthA meM bhI samatA hara bAta meM nahIM ho sktii| zarIra - saMracanA, rUpa, ruci, yogyatA, bauddhika - pratibhA sarjanAtmaka zakti Adi kI dRSTi se antara rahegA hI / mukhya bindu yaha hai ki sAmyavAdI samAja meM isa prakAra ke antara vyaktitva kI viziSTatAoM ke rUpa meM raheMge, vaiSamyamUlaka aMtarvirodhoM ke rUpa meM nahIM / kArla mArksa ne 1844 I. kI apanI 'Arthika aura dArzanika pAMDulipi' zIrSaka pustaka meM sarvaprathama viSamatAgrasta samAjoM meM sarvatra vyApta " a-lagAva " (eliyanezana) kI ora dhyAna khIMcA thaa| Aja sau savA sau varSoM ke bAda bhI hama gaira-barAbarIgrasta samAjoM kI raga-raga meM samAyI huI viSamatA kI vyAdhi aura tajjanya a-lagAva se lar3a rahe haiM / utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para kucha eka vyaktiyoM yA vargoM ke svAmitva se zramika yA vetanabhogI naukara apane kArya se AtmanirvAsita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki usakA lAbha aura zreya mAlika ko milegA yA bar3e adhikArI ko : That labour is external to the worker, i.e., it does not belong to his essential being, that in his work. Therefore, he does not affirm himself but denies himself, does not feel content but unhappy, does not develop freely his physical and mental energy but mortifies his body and ruins his mind..... he is at home when he is not working and when he is working, he is not at home. His labour is therefore not voluntary but coerced, it is forced labour." / 1. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. pp. 68-69.

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samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa 49 zrama prakriyA yA utpAdana ke sAre silasile, hara lAbha aura pratiyogitA para AdhArita svAmitva ke rahate, zramajIvI janatA ke loga apane kArya ko kabhI apanA nahIM samajha pAte / ataH unheM kArya bojha lagatA hai ataeva unheM kevala jaivI stara kI gatividhiyoM meM Ananda AtA hai (bhojana, pAna, yaunasukha aadi)| isa prakAra nijI svAmitva para AdhArita viSama Arthika vyavasthA meM sAdhAraNajana pazu-stara para rahatA hai / pU~jIvAdI samAjoM meM karor3oM loga aisA hI amAnavIya aura alagAvagrasta jIvana jI rahe haiN| manuSya yadi vaha pazu nahIM hai to vaha kevala AvazyakatA pUrti ke lie kArya nahIM karatA, vaha Ananda yA Atma-abhivyakti ke lie kAma karatA hai| kArya usake lie svecchAparaka ho, vivazatA nahIM / samatAhIna samAjoM meM manuSya, pazu kI taraha vivaza hokara kArya karatA hai / manuSya kA yaha pAzavIkaraNa yA amAnavIkaraNa (DI-hyUmenAijezana) Arthika kSetra meM vyaktigata sampatti para ekAdhikArI vargoM ke astitva ke kAraNa hai| ataH vargahIna samAja meM hI samatA raha sakatI hai| mArksa ko nAstika va dharma-virodhI batAyA jAtA hai / svayaM unhoMne kahA thA - "dharma aphIma hai, logoM ko pAgala karane vAlA eka nazIlA padArtha hai|" .... lekina na mArksa dharma kA antastattva samajha pAyA aura na dharma ke tathAkathita pracetA mArksa ko samajha pAye / mArksa ne dharma ke nAma para dekhA una logoM ko, jo janasAmAnya ko svarga kA pralobhana tathA naraka kA bhaya dikhAkara dAna ke nAma para lUTate the, dhanAdhikAriyoM ke saMketa para unake zoSaNa va anyAya kA samarthana karate the aura karmakANDamaya jIvana jI rahe the / yaha saba aphIma hI thA jaisA ki mArksa ne kahA / mArksa jAna hI nahIM pAyA ki jisa 'dharma' ko vaha aphIma kaha rahA hai vaha 'dharma' hai hI nahIM aura jo dharma hai vaha svayaM usake jIvana meM zata-zata dhArAoM se phaTane ko Atura hai / mArksa karuNA kI sAkAra mUrti the / unakI karuNA unheM jIvana ke sAre sukha-sAdhanoM se dUra prANaghAtI vipannatA meM jIne ke lie le gayI deza-videzoM meM / unakA putra davA tathA upacAra ke abhAva meM marA / unakI patnI vipannatA, bImArI aura bhukhamarI se marI / svayaM mArksa bhI isI se jarjara tana hokara 'kepITala' nAmaka grantha likhate hue svargavAsI hue / itanI karuNA thI unameM jisakI tulanA buddha ke

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50 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi bAda zAyada dUsare kisI vyakti meM nahIM milatI, gAMdhI ke sivAya / itanA AtmatyAga thA unakA jo mahAvIra ke bAda kisI meM nahIM milatA, molokAI dvIpa ke masIhA phAdara Demiyana ke sivAya / mArksa dharma ke sAkAra rUpa the, apane antarjIvana meM usa karuNA aura AtmatyAga ko jI rahe the jisameM dharma kA sAratattva nihita hai / lekina ve nahIM samajha pAye ki vaha jo aphIma hai, dharma hai hI nahIM aura vaha jo dharma hai, svayaM unameM bhI prANavAna hai, vahI unakI preraNA hai, cAhe usakI abhivyakti aura mAdhyama kucha bhI hoM / 'kamyunisTa- menIphesTo' se mArksa kA eka aura vicAra sAmane AtA hai jisakI ora pU~jIvAdI yA sAmyavAdI vicArakoM kA dhyAna bahuta kama gayA hai / mArksa vyakti kI garimA kA virodhI nahIM / vaha vyaktigata sampatti kA bhI virodhI nahIM / vaha una vikRtiyoM kA virodhI hai jo vyaktigata sampatti ke dvArA samAja meM paidA hotI haiN| vaha likhatA hai - "kaThina zrama se arjita apane hAthoM upArjita sampatti" se kyA ApakA matalaba usa sampatti se hai jo choTe kArIgara yA choTe kisAna ke zrama kI hai jo pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA ke sUtrapAta ke pUrva kI sthiti meM thI ? usakA nirmUlana hameM karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA meM vizAla yAMtrika udyogoM ke vikAsa ne use svataH hI naSTa kara diyA hai tathA nitya karatA jA rahA hai / hamArA yaha Azaya ekadama nahIM hai ki zrama ke dvArA upArjita cIjoM kA vyaktigata svAmitva samApta kareM jo ki mAnavajIvana ko kAyama rakhane tathA usakI vaMzAnuparamparA ko calAne ke liye Avazyaka ho tathA usase dUsaroM kA zrama adhIna karane ke lie atirikta dhana rAzi kA saMgraha hotA hI nahIM ho pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA meM kyA vaitanika zrama dvArA aisI sampatti zramika ke lie paidA hotI hai ? jarA bhI nahIM / yaha usa prakAra kI pU~jI paidA karatI hai jo vaitanika zrama dvArA zoSaNa kA upakaraNa karatI hai aura jisakA bar3hanA isI bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki naye zoSaNa ke lie vaitanika zrama kA jAla kaise phailAyA jAya / .. yaha jo pU~jI (kepiTala) hai, sAmUhika utpAdana hai, aneka vyaktiyoM ke sAmUhika zrama se paidA hotI hai tathA antataH samAja ke sAre sadasyoM ke sAmUhika zrama se hI isakA pravartana hotA hai / ata: pU~jI vaiyaktika sampatti nahIM, sAmAjika zakti hai / ataH jaba ise sAmAjika sampatti meM badalA jAtA hai samAja ke sAre sadasyoM kI sampatti meM, to yaha vyaktigata sampatti kA sAmAjika sampatti meM parivartana nahIM hai apitu sAmAjika ... .... ....

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samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa 51 sampatti kI varga-vizeSa ke anucita ekAdhikAra se mukti hai| sAmyavAda kisI vyakti ko samAja kI paidAvAra kA upayoga karane se nahIM rokatA / yaha rokatA hai use usake svAmitva dvArA dUsaroM ke zrama kA zoSaNa karane se / isa vyavasthA meM jo loga zrama karate haiM unheM kucha nahIM milatA aura jo zrama nahIM karate haiM unheM hI saba kucha milatA hai / mArksa kI sAmyavAdI samAjaracanA meM vyakti apane vyaktitva se zUnya eka saMyaMtra mAtra nahIM hai balki jaisA ki usane Upara spaSTa kahA hai, vyakti kA vikAsa hI isake vikAsa kI anivArya zarta hai / yaha eka duHkhada satya hai ki mArksa ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne isa mUlabhUta satya kI avahelanA kara dI jisase sAmyavAda kA pracalita rUpa vyaktigata jIvanavikAsa kI svatantratA kA ghAtaka bana gayA / mArksa se zAMtipUrvaka krAMti ho sakane kI sambhAvanA para prazna pUchA gayA / usane uttara diyA hamArI icchA hai ki aisA ho aura sAmyavAdI zAntipUrvaka krAMti ke kataI virodhI nahIM hoMge / " .... 444 agara zAnti meM, ahiMsA meM krAMtikArI kSamatA ho to mArksa kA usase virodha nahIM hai / hiMsA kI anivAryatA AgAmI sAmyavAdI netAoM aura vicArakoM ke cintana se niSpanna hai / mArksa hiMsA ko anivArya nahIM mAnatA / una paristhitiyoM meM use aparihArya mAnatA hai jinameM ahiMsaka krAMti ke sAre mArga avaruddha hoM / ataH mArksa ke lie hiMsA paristhitiyoM ke sApekSa aparihArya niSpatti hai, usake anivArya vikalpa hone meM usakA vizvAsa nahIM, jo ki usake paravartiyoM kA hai| mArksa prajAtaMtra ke vartamAna rUpa ko jisameM dhanasattA aura rAjasattA kA saMyukta SaDayaMtra lokasattA kA ghAtaka bana gayA hai, alocita karatA hai, lekina mUlataH vaha prajAtaMtra kA virodhI nahIM hai jaisA ki usake paravartI haiM / vaha prajAtaMtra ke mAdhyama se bhI sAmAjika zoSaNa evaM anyAya kA unmUlana karane ke lie sujhAva detA hai / kula milAkara mArksa kI sAmya - prakalpanA kA samAja hai dhanasattA aura rAjasattA se mukta evaM prema, sevA, svAtantrya aura samatva kA sAkAra rUpa hai / isa svapna ko sAkAra karane ke lie vizva ke Adhe dezoM meM krAMtiyA~ huI lekina unake pariNAma AzA ke ekadama viparIta hue /

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52 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi iMgleNDa kI eka patrikA 'TAima eNDa TAiDa' ke anusAra sAmyavAda kI sthApanA ke lie dasa karor3a nara-baliyA~ ho cukI haiM / usake bAda bhI jo vyavasthA sAmyavAdI dezoM meM pratisthApita huI vaha usa svapna ko sAkAra nahIM kara pAyI jo mArksa kA thA / eka aise samAja kA jisameM vyakti kA vikAsa hI sArI samaSTi kA vikAsa ho, vyakti kI svatantratA hI sArI samaSTi kI svatantratA ho, hara vyakti ko sarvatomukhI vikAsa kA avasara ho, gA~voM aura zaharoM meM, udyoga aura kRSi meM Antarika abheda vikasita ho, rAjasattA kA prabhAva alpatara hotA jAya / usake sthAna para eka aise samAja kA vikAsa huA, jisameM sarvahArA to sarvahArA hI rahA, eka nayA varga paidA avazya huA jisane pU~jIpatiyoM tathA rAjanetAoM donoM voM kI sattA apane hAthoM meM adhikRta kara lI aura vaha varga thA naukarazAhI kA / Arthika-rAjanaitika sattA kA kendra rAjya bana gayA aura rAjya ke kendra bana gaye kucha cune hue vyakti / yaha jo nayA varga thA, sampUrNataH tAnAzAha thA / isane nitAnta siddhAntahIna anaitikatA ke sAtha hiMsA ke sAre sAdhanoM kA prayoga apane virodhI daloM aura vyaktiyoM ko kucalane meM kiyA / sTAlina ke samaya meM kisAnoM kA vidroha jisa krUra raktapipAsA ke sAtha ku calA gayA usakA samAnAMtara udAharaNa vigata itihAsa meM hUNoM aura tAtAroM ke zAsana kAla meM hI milatA hai / mArksa kA jIvana parama kAruNika hai / mAnavamAtra ke pIr3ita jIvana ko dekhakara usake antaHkaraNa meM jo karuNA kA sphoTa huA vaha eka sImA taka buddha kI vizvakaruNA kI hI pratikRti hai / usake kAraNa, nivAraNa aura sAdhanoM kI khoja bhI buddha ke cAra Arya satyoM kI taraha sIdhI aura sapATa hai / buddha ne jaise AtmA, Izvara Adi se sambaddha praznoM ko avyAkRta kaha kara haTA diyA thA, kucha vaise hI mArksa dharma ko aphIma kaha kara haTA detA hai, kyoMki jo dharma kA jJAta rUpa hai vaha andhavizvAsa, bhAgyavAda evaM niSkriyatA kA samarthaka hai tathA jo mUla dharma hai vaha jana-sAmAnya taka pahu~ca hI nahIM pAyA hai / vaisI hI sthiti buddha kI rahI hogI jaba unhoMne ina praznoM ko hI haTAyA kyoMki ve jAnate the ki unakI bhUmikA taka loka-dRSTi pahu~ca nahIM pAyegI aura loka-dRSTi taka utara kara unake zabda apanI arthavattA khokara naye aMdha-vizvAsoM,

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samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa mana kI vAsanAoM ke srota baneMge / isI kAraNa jo buddha ina praznoM ko hI nakArate haiM unakA jIvana inhIM ke uttara ko pratibimbita karatA hai / aura jo mArksa dharma ko aphIma kahatA hai usakA jIvana dharma kI hI prema aura karuNA, vizva- maitrI evaM balidAna kI bhAvasattA aura tadanukUla AcAra ko sAkAra karatA hai / usane zoSaNa, usake kAraNa, kAraNoM ko nivArita karane kA lakSya tathA usakI upalabdhi ke sAdhana nirUpita kiye lekina lokajIvana meM unase zoSaNamukta samAja kI avatAraNA na ho skii| mArksa ke darzana meM eka buniyAdI bhUla rahI hai aura vaha hai mAnava ke saMsthAgata rUpa para ekAMtika bala tathA usake mAnavIya rUpa kA sampUrNataH vismaraNa / usane apane vicAra kA AdhAra yaha sUtra banAyA ki samAja meM zoSaNa kA kAraNa vargabhedamaya sAmAjika DhA~cA hai jise badala DAlane para usakA anta ho jAyagA / usakA dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda isI pratipatti para AdhArita hai ki mana jaisI koI sattA nahIM hai, bAharI paristhitiyoM ke mAnava para jaiva-rAsAyanika prabhAvoM ko hI mana kI abhidhA dI jAtI rahI hai / ataH jaisA bAharI vAtAvaraNa hogA, mana vaisA hI bana jAyagA / mAnavIya mana kI sArI pravRttiyA~ - bAharI vAtAvaraNa ko hI pratibimbita karatI haiM / mArksa bhUla gayA ki zoSaNa kA janma prathama mana ke dharAtala para ahaMkAra aura svArtha ke rUpa meM hotA hai, tadanantara vaha AcaraNa meM utaratA hai aura sAmUhika AcaraNa saMsthAoM ke rUpa meM pratibimbita hotA hai| bAharI DhA~coM ko badalate rahane para bhI mana kA dharAtala agara vahI hai to hara DhA~cA khokhalA hogA jisake chidroM se mana apanI vAsanAoM aura kAmanAoM kI ApUrti zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana dvArA karatA rhegaa| dUsarI bhUla mArksa ne, vizeSataH usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne jo kI vaha sAdhyasAdhana-viveka kI vismRti thI / hiMsA naMgI sattA hai aura sattA hI vaiSamya kI janaka hai / mArksa ne raktapAta evaM saMhAra kI bAta apane pUre vAGmaya meM nahIM kahI yadyapi 'saMgrAma' kI cetAvanI pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA ko sarvatra dI hai| lekina usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne rakta-krAntiyoM ko sAmya-mUlaka samAja-- krAnti kA AdhAra banAyA / pAzavika zakti se jo vyavasthA pratiSThita hotI hai vaha apane Apa meM zoSaNamayI hotI hai cAhe usakA rUpa kucha bhI ho /

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi mahAvIra kI karuNA bhI mAnavamAtra hI nahIM apitu jIvamAtra kI pIr3A kA satata bodha kara usake nivAraNArtha mArga khoja rahI thI aura varSoM kI tapasAdhanA ke bAda unhoMne kucha mUlabhUta satya nikAla kara prastuta kiye / mahAvIra kA aparigraha, unakI ahiMsA samagra jIvanasattA ke parama satya ko sAkAra karate haiM / parigraha ko unhoM ne hiMsA mAnA hai aura aparigraha ko ahiMsA kI ekamAtra zarta / parigraha ko unhoMne mUrcchA mAnA hai aura aparigraha ko jAgaraNa kA pratIka, parigraha ko unhoMne zoSaNa, utpIr3ana, atyAcAra evaM vaiSamya ke alAvA pramAda, lAparavAhI, ajJAna evaM Atma-vismRti kA srota bhI anubhava kiyA hai| mahAvIra aura mArksa kI mUla dRSTi meM antara yahI hai ki jahA~ mArksa ko pU~jIvAdI vyakti ghRNAspada pratIta hotA hai, mahAvIra use karuNA kA pAtra anubhava karate haiM, kyoMki vaha vastu kendrita hokara apanI AtmasaMjJA kho cukA hai, jIvita zava kI taraha AtmacetanAzUnya kAlayApana kara rahA hai, cintA, krodha, tanAva, vedanA ke asaMkhya zalyoM se apane ko nipIr3ita kara rahA hai kisI unmatta kApAlika kI taraha aura sarvatra ghRNA tathA vaira kA prabaMdha kara rahA hai| vaha mUrchita hai, eka prakAra kA mAnasarogI hai jisakA sahAnubhUtipUrvaka upacAra apekSita hai aura usakA ekamAtra mArga hai usakI cetanA kA jAgaraNa / 54 mahAvIra zoSaNa ko hiMsA mAnate haiM, hiMsA ko eka prakAra kA zoSaNa hI mAnate haiM / ataH zoSaNa se zoSaNa kA vinAza saMbhava nahIM hai, yaha unakI spaSTa mAnyatA hai / mahAvIra zoSaNa ko anAcAra mAnate haiM / tathA anAcAra mUlataH zoSaNa hI hai, yaha bhI ve jAnate haiM / ataH unakA maMtavya hai ki anAcAra ke eka prakAra se usake dUsare prakAra kA unmUlana sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH mahAvIra ne vaiSamya aura zoSaNa ke pratikAra kA mArga batAyA vaha sampUrNata: ahiMsaka hai lekina usameM mAnavIya cetanA kI tejasvitA hai, sAmAjika cetanA kI samaveta zakti hai, saMgaThana kA bala hai / asahakAra aura avajJA ke jina ahiMsaka zastroM kA gAdhIjI ne bhArata ke svAtantrya saMgrAma meM prayoga kiyA ve mahAvIra ke dvArA sarvaprathama tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiye jA cuke haiM / mahAvIra ke mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAlA vyakti apane meM eka visphoTita paramANu kI taraha apAra zakti kA sAkAra pu~ja hai jo sAre samAja meM krAntiyoM kI eka zrRMkhalA prasArita karane meM samartha haiM /

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samatvayoga aura kArla mArksa 55 ___ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna mana ke dharAtala para apane aura dUsaroM ke madhya samatva hai / svayaM ko, jo zoSita mAnakara yadi hamAre bhItara dUsaroM se svayaM ko viziSTa samajhane tathA unake ahita kI kImata para apanA hita-sAdhana karane kI mUla pravRtti kAyama hai to hama kisI bhI krAnti dvArA, cAhe vaha hiMsaka ho yA ahiMsaka, samAja se zoSaNa kA anta nahIM kara sakate / mahAvIra kA mArga zuddhi kA hai .- dhammo suddhassa ciTThai /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 9. samatvayoga aura mahAtmA gA~dhI samatA bhAvarUpa hai / usakA sambandha mana kI Antarika cetanA se hai, viveka se hai, vicAra se hai / samatAyukta jIvana jIne kI eka alaga hI kalA hai / mana kI zuddha, buddha, ucca, nirlepa aura niHsaMga sthiti kI pariNati samatA meM hotI hai / yaha mAnava-mana kI eka aisI U~cI bhUmikA hai, jo lambI aura kaThina sAdhanA ke bAda hI kisI yoga-yukta sAdhaka ko kabhI sulabha ho pAtI hai| mere vicAra meM isake mUla meM AtmA kI samatA saMcita hai / jise AtmA kI samatA saccI pratIti ho letI hai usake jIvana meM aura vyavahAra meM samatA kA udaya krama krama se hotA jAtA hai aura anta meM vaha samatAniSTha hokara jIne lagatA hai / gA~dhIjI ne apane jIvana aura kArya dvArA apanI samatAniSThA aura satyazIlatA kA darzana kraayaa| ve apane yuga ke eka mahAna samatvazIla vyakti the| gA~dhIjI kA jIvana mUlataH adhyAtma-kendrita thA / lekina unakA adhyAtma aikAntika anubhUti nahIM thA, unake jIvana meM anubhUti vyApta ho gayI thI aura anAyAsa hI unakA samagra jIvana adhyAtma ke virATa vikaraNa kA kendra bana gayA thA / apanI AtmakathA ke Arambha meM gA~dhIjI ne kizorAvasthA meM apane mAMsAhAra kA jo anubhava likhA, usase hameM unake mana meM chipI, bIja-rUpa meM baiThI samatA kA saMketa milatA hai / jisa dina apane mitra ke kahane para chupakara unhoMne bakare kA mAMsa khAyA tabhI unheM lagA ki vaha bakarA unake peTameM par3Apar3A mimiyA rahA hai / unheM apanI usa umara meM bhI yaha bAta acchI nahIM lagI ki eka jIvadhArI dUsare jIvadhArI ko mArakara usakA mAMsa pakAe aura khAe / usI dina se unhoMne mAMsa nahIM khAne kI saugandha le lI tathA jIvana paryanta usako nibhAyA / ahiMsA aura samatA kA aMkura gA~dhI ke jIvana meM tabhI se aMkurita huA / dakSiNa aphrikA meM gA~dhIjI ko kadama-kadama para apamAna, tiraskAra aura bhedabhAva kA anubhava huA / yaha vyavahAra unakI samatva-bhAvanA ke lie eka cunautI thI / kintu dakSiNa aphrikA meM hI unhoMne mAna-apamAna, sukha

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samatvayoga aura mahAtmA gAMdhI 57 duHkha, hAni - lAbha aura jIvana-maraNa jaise sanAtana dvandvoM se Upara uThakara, jIne aura kAma karane kI kalA sIkhI / unhoMne raMga bheda, jAti-bheda ko miTAne kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA tathA usameM jI-jAna se laga gae / dakSiNa aphrikA meM hI gA~dhIjI ne gItA kA adhyayana kiyA aura usake marma ko smjhaa| 'zuni caiva zvapAke ca paNDitAH samadarzinaH gItA kI isa suprasiddha ukti ke anusAra unhoMne manuSya-manuSya ke bIca ke bhedoM kI vyarthatA ko samajhA aura prANimAtra ke prati samatA kA jJAna unheM huA / vahIM isa pariNAma para pahu~ce ki manuSyamAtra ko apanA mitra aura sAthI samajho para manuSyoM meM pAi jAne vAlI burAiyoM ko miTAne ke lie nirvaira aura ni:saMgabhAva se satata jujhate raho / isa silasile meM unheM vahA~ niSkriya pratirodha kA, asahayoga kA, Age calakara satyAgraha kA rAstA sUjhA / unhoMne parivAra kI saMkIrNa paribhASA ko jar3a-mUla se badalA / sArA vizva unakA parivAra thA jo manuSya-samAja kI sImA se pare pazu-pakSI, per3apaudhe aura kIr3e-makor3oM taka phailatA calA gayA / sAbaramatI Azrama meM yaha jAnate hue ki vahA~ para sA~poM kA vizAla parivAra hai, unhoMne kabhI kisI sA~pa ko mArane nahIM diyA / samatA kI unakI sAdhanA ne hI unameM ina vilakSaNa guNoM kA aura tana-mana kI ina anokhI zaktiyoM kA itanA sundara vikAsa hone diyA thA / paMDita sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM "saMsAra ke aneka mahApuruSoM aura avatArI puruSoM ke viSaya meM unhoMne jo kucha jAnA, sunA aura samajhA hai, use dhyAna meM rakhakara ve ni:saMkoca yaha kahane ki sthiti meM haiM ki gA~dhIjI ke jIvana meM aura kArya meM unhoMne jisa akhaNDa jAgati ke darzana kie haiM, vaisI jAgRti aura kisI mahApuruSa meM isase pahale kabhI dekhI-sunI nahIM gaI / vaha unhIM kI apanI eka vizeSa vibhUti thI, jo janmajAta to nahIM thI, para jise unhoMne avirata sAdhanA ke sahAre siddha kiyA thA / " samatA kI sAdhanA ne hI gA~dhIjI ko brahmacarya vrata kI ora modd'aa| gA~dhIjI ke samparka meM Ane vAlI pratyeka strI nirbhaya hokara unake sAtha raha sakatI thii| una striyoM ko gA~dhIjI kA sAtha apanI mA~ ke sAtha ke samatulya

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58 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi mahasUsa hotA thaa| gA~dhIjI adhyAtma kI usa anubhUti para khar3e the jo saba AtmacetAoM kI hai| vaha hai jIvanasattA ke akhaNDa advaita kA bodha, apane meM saba ko tathA saba meM apane ko ekarUpa anubhava karanA / yahI unakA satya thA jise unhoMne bhagavAn kI abhidhA dI - TUtha ija gaoNDa' unase paccIsa zatAbdiyoM pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ghoSita kara cuke the - 'saccaM bhayavaM' - satya hI bhagavAna hai / vaidika paramparA meM satyanArAyaNa kI mAnyatA kA AdhAra yahI thA ki satya hI nArAyaNa hai, jo satya nahIM hai vaha nArAyaNa nahIM hai| Aja usakA ulaTA artha kara liyA ki nArAyaNa hI satya hai, zeSa saba jhUThA hai / isalie vaha saba pUjA kA viSaya bana gayA, jIvana-krAMti kA sandeza aura usakI mahattA kho baiThA / satya anubhUti se jIvana-vyavahAra meM utaratA hai to ahiMsA bana jAtA hai / gA~dhIjI ne kahA - 'satya kI khoja meM nikalane para sarvaprathama mujhe ahiMsA milii|' ahiMsA unheM milI thI, apane bhItara satya kI khoja karane para / vaha antaHsphurta thI, apane bhItara jo satya thA vahI ahiMsA meM bAhara vikIrNa hone lgaa| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA bhI yahI thii| Aja hama ahiMsA ko eka siddhAMta, eka AcAra-sUtra banAkara galatI kara rahe haiM, eka aisI galatI jo hajAroM dArzanikoM evaM AcArazAstriyoM ne kI hai| isI kAraNa hamArI ahiMsA eka zAstra bana gayI hai, eka bauddhika vicAra bana gayI hai, manovilAsa kA sAdhana bana gayI hai, Upara se Aropita vyavahAra bana gayI hai, prANahIna AcArasaMhitA yA bhAvanAzUnya niSedhoM kA saMkAya ho gayI hai| mahAvIra yA gA~dhI kI ahiMsA mAtra koI vrata nahIM thI, vaha antara se prakAzita thI / vyavahArika AdarzavAdI mahAtmA gA~dhI kA sArA cintana samatA para hI AdhArita hai / Aja ke isa Arthika viSamatA ke yuga meM gA~dhIjI kA aparigraha kA siddhAnta bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai| ahiMsA anivAryataH aparigraha se jur3I hai / bhItara jo vyakti sabameM apane kI anubhUti karatA ho usakA sthUla zarIra-kendrita vyaktitva kA bodha miTa cukA hotA hai / jaba svAmitva kI bhAvanA rahatI hI nahIM, taba saMgraha kI kAmanA rahatI hI nahIM, taba zoSaNa va anyAya vaha kisI ke prati kara hI nahIM sakatA kyoMki saba vahI svayaM to hai| apanA zoSaNa svayaM kaise kare ? apane

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samatvayoga aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ko vaMcita rakhakara apane ko samRddha vaha kaise banAe ? yaha saMbhava hI nahIM / gA~dhIjI kA aparigraha-darzana aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigraha-vicAra isI se niSpanna hai / unakA srota bhItara kA sarvAtma-tAdAtmya hai, jo karuNA va prema kI bhAvanA meM tathA visarjana aura balidAna ke vyavahAra meM sAkAra hotA hai / saMkSepa meM, sAdhAraNa dainika AvazyakatAoM se adhika bhautika padArthoM kA saMgraha na karanA hI aparigraha athavA asaMgraha hai| phira usa sAdhAraNa saMgraha para bhI apanA svAmitva na mAnakara samAja athavA Izvara kA svAmitva mAnanA bhI isake antargata zAmila hai / gA~dhI sabhI prakAra ke saMgraha ke viruddha haiM / vyaktigata sampatti meM unakI koI AsthA nahIM hai| jala, vAyu, agni kI bhA~ti sampatti bhI kisI kI nahIM athavA samAna rUpa se sabakI hai| dravya kA saMcaya eka AsurI vicAra hai evaM isake saMgraha meM hiMsA kA nivAsa hai| unake anusAra kisI vyakti kI Arthika sampannatA usake AdhyAtmika divAliyApana kI dyotaka hai| AdhyAtmikatA ke kSetra meM dhana kA nyUnatama mahattva hai| zaitAna (dhana) aura devatA donoM kI ekasAtha pUjA nahIM kI jA sakatI / gA~dhIjI samAna-vitaraNa meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM / unake anusAra harijanoM, DaoNkTaroM, vakIloM, adhyApakoM, vyApAriyoM evaM anya sabhI ko samAna vetana milanA caahie| gA~dhIjI ne rAma-rAjya kI kalpanA meM pUrNa samatAmaya samAja kI avadhAraNA. prastuta kI thI aura dhanapatiyoM se kahA thA ki ve sAre samAja kI sampatti ke mAtra nyAsI(TrasTI) haiN| gA~dhIjI kI TrasTIzipa kI parikalpanA, mahAvIra kA aparigraha tathA kRSNa kI saMnyAsa- bhAvanA thI jo sAmAjika samatA ke lie Avazyaka thI aura samatA ahiMsA kI AdhAra- pIThikA hone se gA~dhIjI ke satya ko sAkAra karane kA mAdhyama thI, unake Izvara kA kalevara banane ke kAraNa adhyAtma kI anivArya jIvanApekSA thii| use spaSTa karate hue vinobA ne gA~dhIjI ke bAre meM apane eka vaktavya meM kahA hai - "Aja ke samAja kI apekSA dAsyabhakti nahIM, sakhyabhakti hai, mAlika aura naukara kI dhAraNAe~ akAmya laga rahI haiM / ataH maiM kahatA hU~ ki vyaktigata svAmitva kA khAtmA honA Avazyaka hai| .... gA~dhIjI ke 'TrasTIzipa' kA aMta majadUroM ko thor3A-sA jyAdA vetana dene se hI nahIM hogA, balki isakA mUla artha hai samaya gajarane ke sAtha TrasTI bhI nahIM rahanA caahie|"

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60 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi san 1916meM hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke zilAnyAsa samAroha meM upasthita rAjA-mahArAjAoM ko sambodhita karate hue gA~dhIjI ne kahA thA - "aise mUlyavAna AbhUSaNa pahanane vAle rAje-mahArAje aura saradAra loga jaba taka inheM apane dezabandhuoM ko nahIM de dete taba taka unakI garIbI dUra kaise ho sakatI hai ?" briTiza hindustAna meM yA apane rAjAoM kI riyAsatoM meM jaba kabhI koI AlIzAna imArata banavAI jAne kI khabara maiM sunatA hU~ to mere mana meM vicAra AtA hai, "arere ! yaha sArA rupayA kisAnoM se hI ThagA gayA hai| jaba taka hama svayaM kisAnoM ko lUTa rahe haiM yA auroM ko lUTane de rahe haiM taba taka svarAjya pAne kI hamArI tar3apa saccI nahIM kahI jA sakatI / kisAna hI hamAre duHkha-vimocana ke sacce AdhAra haiM, DaoNkTara, vakIla yA jamIMdAra nahIM / " svarAjya kI paribhASA meM unhoMne kahA - "saccA svarAjya maiM use kahatA hU~ jisakA upayoga garIba bhI kara sakatA hai|" varga-saMgharSa ke sthAna para unhoMne varga-sahakAra kA sUtra diyA jisakA mUla srota thA antaHparivartana / yahI mahAvIra kA bhI aparigraha sUtra thA - prema aura karuNAmayI sarvAtma-tAdAtmyAnubhUti kA sphoTa / lekina usameM saMgharSa kA nakAra nahIM thA, saMgharSa kI dveSamUlaka bhAvanA kA nakAra thaa| Arthika samatva ke lie ahiMsAtmaka pratikAra ke saMgharSa kA sUtra gA~dhI ne bhI mAnA hai tathA mahAvIra ne unase pUrva mAnA mahAvIra kahate haiM, "na kevala parigraha kA visarjana karanA balki dasaroM se visarjana karAnA aura jo na kare unako kisI prakAra kA samarthana va sahayoga na denA, unakI sampUrNa avajJA karanA, unake sAtha sampUrNa asahayoga karanA yahI aparigraha kA tIsarA karaNa hai / yaha saba mana, vANI aura karma-arthAt bhAvanA aura vyavahAra ke sAre staroM para honA cAhie / eka prakAra se hamAre lie vaha mara cuke aura hama usake lie mara cuke- sampUrNa sattA kA yaha nakAra hI trividha karaNa vividha yoga kA sAkAra Adarza hai|" isI ko gA~dhIjI ne avajJA aura asahakAra kahA / mahAvIra ke zrAvaka va sAdhu ke lie to yaha nitya jIvana-caryA honI cAhie / gA~dhIjI jise Andolana kA zastra yA satyAgraha kahate the vaha to mahAvIra ne pA~coM hI mahAvratoM ke stara para anivArya caryA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, vratoM kI karaNayoga-vyApti meM prarUpita kiyA

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samatvayoga aura mahAtmA gAMdhI 61 gA~dhIjI vizAla kala kArakhAnoM ke sthAna para laghu evaM kuTIra udyogoM para artha-vyavasthA ko pratiSThita dekhanA cAhate the / unakI bhAvanA vikendrita artha vyavasthA thI jisameM zoSaNa tathA vaiSamya kI sambhAvanAe~ kama se kama ho, kSetrIya stara para deza kI hara ikAI svAyatta ho, svAvalambA ho / zrama ko ve pUjA kI taraha eka pavitra yajJa mAnate the / carkhA calAne ko bhI unhoMne eka prakAra kA yajJa mAnA hai / gA~dhIjI ne apanI A~khoM se viSamatA aura zoSaNa ke lauha-cakra ke nIce pisate bhArata ke jana-jana ko dekhA jo bhArI odyogIkaraNa kA pratiphala thA / unhoMne jUna 1947 ke 'harijana' meM likhA "Aja ghora Arthika viSamatA hai / samAjavAda kA AdhAra Arthika samAnatA hai / anyAyapUrNa viSamatAoM kI maujUdA paristhiti meM, jisameM canda loga dhana-vaibhava meM sira taka DUbe haiM aura janatA ko khAne ko bhI nahIM milatA, rAmarAjya kAyama nahIM ho sakatA / " isakA upAya eka hI hai aura vaha bApU ke zabdoM meM yahI hai - " bhArata kA uddhAra to isI meM hai ki usane pichale pacAsa varSo meM jo kucha sIkhA hai, use bhUla jaay|" mahAvIra kA dizA - parimANa ArambhasamArambha kI alpatA kA Azaya yahI thA jise sahI sandarbhoM meM samajha kara deza apanAtA to jApAna kI taraha hamArI Arthika sthiti kA kAyApalaTa ho jAtA / visarjana aura aparigraha, icchA parimANa aura upabhoga- parimANa ke vrata zoSaNamukta svastha samAja racanA kI AdhAra pIThikAe~ haiM /

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62 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi 10. samatvayoga aura bhedavijJAna bhedavijJAna kA saMkSepa meM spaSTa artha hai 'yaha zarIra meM hU~' yaha jo janmajayantaroM kA saMskAra hai, saMkalpa hai, use tor3anA / yaha za bhinna hai, isa prakAra kI bhinnatA kA anubhava honA hI bhedavijJAna hai / bheda - vijJAna kA tAtparya batAte hue 'pravacanasAra' meM kahA gayA hai NAhaM deho, Na maNo, Na caiva vANI, Na kAraNaM tesiM / kattA Na Na kArayidA, aNumaMtA Neva kattINaM // 160 // , "maiM na zarIra hU~, na mana hU~, na hI vANI (vacana) hU~, na inakA kAraNa hU~, maiM kartA nahIM hU~, na karAnevAlA hU~ aura na hI kartA kA anumodaka hU~ / " bhedavijJAna rUpI bIjamaMtra kI bhAvanA AcArya zrI amitagati sAmAyika pATha dvArA abhivyakta kara rahe haiN| zarIrataH kartumanantazaktim, vibhinnamAtmAnamapAstadoSam / jinendra ! koSAdiva khaDgayaSTim tava prasAdena mamAstu zaktiH // "he vItarAga prabho ! ApakI svabhAvasiddha kRpA se merI AtmA meM aisI Atmika zakti prakaTa ho ki maiM apanI AtmA ko zarIra (sabhI prakAra ke) Adi se usI prakAra pRthak kara sakU~ jisa prakAra myAna se talavAra alaga kI jAtI hai, kyoMki vastutaH merI AtmA ananta zakti se sampanna hai aura samasta doSoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa nirdoSa vItarAgasvarUpa haiM / " C bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM- "zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita vastuoM evaM mana-vANI ke sAtha jo tAdAtmya sambandha bA~dhA gayA haiM, use zithila karanA; tathA zarIra se prArambha karate hue vacana aura phira mana ke sAtha jo tAdAtmya sambandha jor3a rakhA hai, usase mukta bananA hI bhedavijJAna hai / " bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM "agara bhedavijJAna karanA ho to deha rahate hue bhI dehabhAva se Upara uThanA hogaa| dehabhAva se mukta hone kA matalaba zarIra ko -

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samatvayoga aura bhedavijJAna sirpha myAna kI taraha AtmA ke rahane kA sthAna samajhanA hai| zakti myAna meM hotI hai yA talavAra meM ? myAna to sirpha talavAra ko ThIka DhaMga se surakSita rakhane aura samaya para talavAra ThIka DhaMga se kAma de sake isa uddezya se hiphAjata se rakhane ke hetu hotA hai / myAna yuddha meM jauhara nahIM dikhA sakatAH jauhara talavAra hI dikhAegI / isI prakAra zarIra yA zarIra se sambaddha mana, vANI, buddhi, indriyA~, citta Adi meM apane Apa meM koI zakti nahIM hai| vaha jo kucha zakti hai, AtmA kI hI hai| agara zarIra yA isase sambaddha vastuoM meM apanI zakti hotI, to zakti murdA zarIra meM bhI hotI / isIlie AcAryazrI amitagati ne sAmAyika pATha ke isa zloka meM spaSTa kahA haiM - 'jinendra ! koSAdiva khaDgayaSTim' ananta zaktizAlI nirdoSa AtmA ko zarIra se usI taraha alaga kara sakU~ jaise myAna se talavAra alaga kI jAtI hai| isameM kahIM bhI zarIra ko naSTa karane kI yA zarIra ko choDa dene kI bAta nahIM kahI gayI hai| sirpha AtmA ko --zarIra bhAva meM baMdhI huI AtmA ko - zarIra se apane bhedavijJAna ke cintana se pRthak karane kI - bhinna mAnane kI bAta prastuta kI gaI hai| sAtha hI zarIra ko zaktizAlI aura doSoM se rahita nahIM batAkara yahA~ AtmA ko hI. ananta zaktizAlI aura doSoM se rahita batAyA hai| ____ antarAtmA meM bhedavijJAna jagAne ke lie sarvottama prakriyA yaha hai ki sAdhaka zarIra aura AtmA ke svabhAva aura guNoM kA niSpakSatA se, taTasthatA se vizleSaNacintana kare aura tAdAtmya kI granthi ko tor3e / prazna hotA hai ki samatA yoga ke sandarbha meM yahA~ jo zarIra se AtmA ko pRthak karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usake pIche kyA rahasya hai ? zarIra ko AtmA ke sAtha rahane diyA jAe to kyA samatAyoga nahIM sadhegA? isake uttara meM hameM gaharAI se vicAra karanA hogA ki samatAyoga kA uddezya kyA hai ? samatAyoga kA mUla uddezya yaha hai ki zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita vastuoM ko lekara jo moha, mamatA, Asakti aura mUrchA utpanna hotI hai, usI ko lekara jo hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ke pApa- doSoM kI vRddhi hotI hai, parivAra, dhanasampatti, rAjyasattA, jamIna-jAyadAda Adi bhautika vastuoM ko lekara jo krodha, mAna, mAyA,

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi lobha, rAga-dveSa, moha Adi vikAra bar3hA rahate haiM, phira unhIM ke kAraNa karmabandha hote haiM ; jinake phalasvarUpa nAnA gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM bAra-bAra bhaTakanA, janma maraNa karanA, nAnA yAtanAe~ sahanA aura kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai, usa zarIra ko hI dera kareM / kyoMki sAre jhagar3oM kI jar3a zarIra hai / usake rahate haiN| manuSya jAti Adi kA mada karatA hai aura ahaMkAra se lipta hotA hai| zarIra ke rahane para hI manuSya sAta bhayoM se bhayabhIta hotA hai, nirbhayatA kI sthiti prApta nahIM kara sakatA / zarIra ke hI ina prapaMcoM aura usakI AvazyakatAoM, tathA zarIra se sambaddha mana aura indriyoM kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karane meM manuSya prAyaH hI sArA jIvana pUrA kara detA hai / na to vaha AtmA kI zakti, kSamatA aura sAmarthya bar3hA pAtA hai aura na hI vaha AtmA ke nijI guNoM-jJAna-darzana-cAritra kI samyak ArAdhanA-sAdhanA hI kara pAtA hai| zarIra ke prati Asakti aura moha ke kAraNa ye saba vizeSatAe~ paidA hotI haiM, jo AtmA ko samatAyoga kI sAdhanA meM Age nahIM bar3hane detI / manuSyazarIra ke bhogavilAsa meM hI DUbakara jindagI ko pUrA kara dene se use jisa AtmA ke vikAsa ke lie jIvana milA hai, vaha lakSya bhI pUrNa nahIM kara paataa| zarIra kI sevAzuzrUSA karate rahane meM AtmavikAsa khaTAI meM par3a jAtA hai / AtmA ke sazakta hue binA samatAyoga kI sAdhanA marubhUmi meM mRga-marIcikA kI ora bhrama se daur3a lagAnA hai| yahA~ phira dUsarA prazna upasthita hotA hai ki zarIra se AtmA ko pRthaka kara dene para to samatAyoga kI sAdhanA hI kaise hogI ? zarIra ke sAtha AtmA ke jur3ane para hI to samatAyoga kI sAdhanA yA samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA Adi ho sakegI / akelI AtmA se bhI koI sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI aura na hI akele nirjIva zarIra se hI koI sAdhanA ho sakatI haiM / aisI sthiti meM zarIra se AtmA ko alaga karane ke saMkalpa kA kyA tAtparya hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki zarIra se AtmA pRthak kara dene kA matalaba zarIra ko naSTa kara denA nahIM hai, aura na hI zarIra ke aMgopAMgoM ko tor3a-phor3a denA hai, paraMtu zarIra ke prati jo lagAva hai, Asakti, moha yA mamatA-mUrchA hai, AtmA ke prati jo vimukhatA hai, yA upekSA hai, zarIra kI hI icchAoM-AkAMkSAoM yA anucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane meM jo samaya, zakti evaM sAdhanoM kA jo apavyaya kiyA jAtA hai, use chor3anA hai, zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA jo mohamAyA kA nAtA hai, use toDanA hai| aura yaha saba karanA hai bhedavijJAna kI bhAvanA se /

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samatvayoga aura bhedavijJAna bhedavijJAna kA dIpaka binA jale zarIra ke prati mohAdi viSamatAoM ke andhakAra kA nAza nahIM ho sakatA, na hI samatA kA prakAza ho sakatA hai| bhedavijJAna ke binA viSamatA kA ghanA andhakAra samatA kI jyoti ko bujhA degA / samatA kI jyoti ko satata prajvalita rakhana ke lie bhedavijJAna kI mazAla ko jalAe rakhanA Avazyaka hai| dUsarI bAta, bhedavijJAna jaba taka nahIM hogA, vahA~ taka zarIra aura AtmA ina donoM meM se zarIra hI pradhAna rahegA, sAdhaka zarIra ko hI sarvasva samajhatA rahegA / phalataH "AtmA hI sAmAyika(samatAyoga) hai, AtmA ke artha hI sAmAyika yAne samatAyoga kI upalabdhi kA prayojana hai, yaha jo siddhAnta hai, usakA pAlana nahIM ho sakegA / samatva kI siddhi zarIra pradhAna dRSTi ke rahate nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki zarIrAdi para mamatva, samatva kA virodhI hai; zarIrAdi bhautika vastuoM para mamatva haTane para AtmA (Atma-pradhAnadRSTi) hI samatva kI avirodhI hotI yaha zarIra AtmA nahIM hai / zarIra to AtmA kA kSaNika nivAsasthAna hai / jaba taka AtmA zarIra se Abaddha hai, taba taka isakA sambandha vAMchanIya sukha duHkha, yA acchAI -burAI se jur3A pratIta hotA hai; magara vaha sambandha zAzvata nahIM hai| jaise darpaNa ke Age se mu~ha phera lene se zarIragata mukha kA pratibimba nahIM rahatA, vaise hI mRtyu ke bAda zarIra nahIM rahatA / vibhinna zarIra kacha kAla taka AtmA ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura cale jAte haiM / zarIra to AtmA kI abhivyakti ke lie mAtra darpaNa hai| zarIra se (janma-maraNa se) sadA ke lie mukta hone para AtmA jyoM kI tyoM rahatI hai aura vaha parama jyoti meM - ananta AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| vahA~ apanA nAma, rUpa, AkAra Adi saba kho detI hai| isa sRSTi kA antima satya yaha AtmA hI haiN| vAstava meM samatAyoga kI sAdhanA meM bhedavijJAna na hone para zarIra, mana aura vacana, ye tInoM bAdhaka bana jAte haiM / sarvaprathama zarIra hai, jo pratyakSa najara AtA hai| isa zarIra ko hI vyakti jaba 'maiM' samajhane lagatA hai, taba AtmA kI ora dRSTi jAtI hI nahIM / use yaha bhAna hI nahIM hotA ki zarIra maraNadharmA hai, vinazvara hai / zarIra meM jo chipI huI AtmA hai - vaha amaraNadharmA avinAzI hai| zarIra hI sarvasva bana jAe, to vyakti sirpha maraNadharmA -maraNazIla bana jAyegA, jaba taka AtmA yA paramAtmA 1. AyA sAmAie, AyA sAmAiyasya aTTe bhagavatI sUtra

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66. samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi athavA avyaktazakti yA cetana, usake jIvana kA sarvasva yA mUlAdhAra nahIM banatA, taba taka vaha samatAyoga kI pagaDaMDI para nirAbAdha cala hI kaise sakegA? yadi zarIra hI sarvasva ho jAtA hai to vaha indriyoM kA jIvana ho jAtA hai / mana aura vacana bhI zarIra ke hI bhAga haiM / mana ke antargata buddhi, hRdaya, citta Adi kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / mana aura zarIra Upara se dekhane meM do alagaalaga padArtha dikhate haiM, parantu vAstava meM inameM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| kevala rUpa meM bhinnatA hai| donoM kA astitva eka-dUsare ke AdhAra para TikA huA hai| zarIra aura mana meM sirpha itanI-sI bhinnatA hai ki zarIra dRzya hai, mana adRzya; zarIra sthUla hai, mana sUkSma / udAharaNArtha-pAnI kA sAdhAraNa rUpa jar3a hai, sthUla hai, jo dikhAI par3atA haiM, kintu usakA dUsarA rUpa sUkSma hai, jise hama bhApa kahate haiM, andara chipA rahatA hai, dikhAI nahIM detA / jisa prakAra pAnI aura bhApa meM kevala rUpa kI bhinnatA hai, gaNa meM donoM samAna haiM, isI prakAra zarIra aura mana meM sthUla aura sUkSma rUpa kI bhinnatA hai, guNa meM donoM samAna haiM ! mana meM vicAra utpanna hote haiM, zarIra unheM kriyAnvita karatA hai / mana meM paidA hone vAle vicAra zarIra ko prabhAvita karate haiM / mana duHkhita hotA hai to usakA prabhAva zarIra para bhI par3e binA nahIM rahatA / aura vacana ? vaha bhI mana kI hI chAyA hai , athavA kAyA meM chipI huI mana kI hI saghana parata hai| vicAra, saMskAra aura dhAraNAoM kI sthUla parata vacana yA vANI hai aura usakI sUkSma parata mana meM udita vicAra haiM / ve zarIra rUpI vAdI ke bhItara uThate, baiThate, calate-phirate, sote, khAte-pIte; kucha bhI kriyA karate caubIso ghaNTe ghUmate rahate hai| isa dRSTi se dekheM to zarIra ke hI ye donoM aMga hai / mana hai vicAra-bIja. vacana hai aMkurita hue vicAra aura zarIra hai aMkurita vicAra rUpI paudhe kA phala / ye tInoM saMyukta haiM / jo mana meM hai, vahI dera-savera vacana meM hogA aura jo vacana yA vicAra (kisI bhI sthiti meM vyakti ke mana meM uThate hue vicAra rUpa pracchana vacana) meM hai, vahI bhaviSya meM zarIra meM hogA / jo Aja zarIra meM hai, vaha Aja nahIM to kala yA atIta meM vyakti ke vacana yA vicAra (pracchanna vicAra) meM thA aura jo vicAra meM haiM, vahI atIta meM mana meM thA / isa prakAra tInoM kA saMyukta cakra calatA rahatA haiN|

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samatvayoga aura bhedavijJAna antarAtmA meM bhedavijJAna jagAne ke lie sarvottama prakriyA yaha hai ki sAdhaka zarIra aura AtmA ke svabhAva aura guNoM kA niSpakSatA se, taTasthatA se vizleSaNacintana kare aura tAdAtmya kI granthi ko todd'e| manuSya ThaNDe dila se soce ki yaha zarIra hI maiM kaise ho sakatA huuN| kyoMki zarIra janma, jarA, maraNa, bAlaka, yavaka, vaddha Adi avasthAe~ dhAraNa karatA hai, para AtmA kyA janmato hai, maratI hai, bUr3hI hotI hai, yuvA aura bAlaka hotI hai ? agara AtmA bhI zarIra kI taraha hotA to dUsarA janma dhAraNa karane kI jarUrata hI nahIM, aura na hI jJAna darzana cAritra kI sAdhanA karane kI jarUrata hai / jaba nAstikoM kI taraha 'bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH'- zarIra jalakara rAkha ho jAne para punaH dUsarA janma nahIM hotA / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM ullikhita tajjIva taccharIravAdI kI taraha zarIra hI AtmA hai aisA mAnane para to zarIra ko AtmasAdhanA ke kaSToM meM jhoMkane kI jarUrata hI nahIM raha jAtI / parantu aisA nahIM hai / gItA pukAra pukAra kara kaha rahI hai / nainaM chindanti zastrANi, nainaM dahati pAvakaH / / na cainaM kledayatyApo, na zoSayati mArutaH / / "isa AtmA ko zastra kATa nahIM sakate, Aga jalA nahIM sakatI, pAnI galA nahIM sakatA aura havA sukhA nahIM sakatI / " matalaba yaha ki kAyA to eka dina samApta hone vAlI hai, magara AtmA jo isake bhItara virAjamAna hai, vaha samApta nahIM hotI / dUsare janma meM jahA~ bhI jisa yoni meM vaha jAtI hai, ur3akara calI jAtI hai| zarIra maratA- janmatA hai, parivartanazIla hai, AtmA ajara-amara avinAzI hai| zarIra ko kATane, jalAne, galAne aura sukhAne para AtmA nahIM kaTatI, jalatI, galatI yA sUkhatI / isa tathya ko bhalI bhA~ti hRdayaMgama kara lene para sAdhaka ko yaha pakkA vizvAsa kara lenA cAhie ki AtmA (maiM) aura zarIra alaga- alaga haiN| zarIra yadyapi AtmA ke lie rahane kA sthAna hai, zarIra meM AtmA rahatI hai, kucha kAla ke lie zarIra kI nivAsI ho sakatI hai AtmA, lekina vaha zarIra nahIM hai| isa prakAra zarIra aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kA anubhava ho jAne para hI bhedavijJAna hotA hai /

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi zarIra kA mUlya usake andara nihita cetanA ke kAraNa haiN| yoM to vaha hAr3amAMsa kA putalA hai / isa cetanA ke kAraNa hI zarIra itanA sthUla, zaktizAlI aura sakSama dikhatA haiM / isameM antarnihita cetanA ko na samajhane ke kAraNa bahuta se zarIrAsakta mAnava zarIra ke sauSThava aura bala ko dekhakara garva karate haiM / parantu eka dina unakA garva cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai, jaba ve apanI A~khoM ke sAmane zarIra ko miTTI meM milatA dekhate haiM / 68 zarIra aura AtmA donoM kA ucita santulana banAye rakhanA hI samatAyogI sAdhaka kA lakSya hai / jina viSaya-bhogoM se zarIra ko sukha milatA hai, unhIM se AtmA ko bhI milatA hai, aisA bhedavijJAnI kabhI nahIM mAnatA / zarIra ke sAtha yadi Atmika vizeSatA na ho to vaha eka calate-phirate per3a sA raha jAtA hai / adhika se adhika use kRmi - kITakoM kI taraha kucha vikasitastara kA kAyapiNDa kahA jA sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM usa para koI dAyitva yA naitika kartavya nahIM lAdA jA sakegA, na samatva sAdhanA karane, saMyama rakhane yA paramArtha kAryoM meM tatpara rahane kA aucitya lAgU kiyA jA sakegA / taba to svecchAcAra tathA zoSaNa, pIr3ana evaM raktapAta para koI aMkuza nahIM lagAyA jA sakegA / tyAga, tapa, saMyama aura balidAna kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAegI, isIlie bhedavijJAna - parAyaNa sAdhaka zarIra ko Atmika vizeSatAoM se yukta banAtA haiM, Atmazakti bar3hAkara zarIra kI tejasvitA, kSamatA aura zakti meM vRddhi karatA hai, use apane anukUla banAtA hai /

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dvitIya adhyAya samatva kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 1. zAnta rasa kA artha tathA mahattva : AdhyAtmika zAnti-mAnava hRdaya ke liye sArabhUta hai| jIvana kA koI bhI kSaNa cAhe va sukha kA ho athavA duHkha kA, AdhyAtmika zAnti kI icchA kiye bagaira nahIM gujaratA / yaha niSkarSa isa bAta se bhI siddha hotA hai ki jaba hama mahAvIra aura buddha kI pratimAoM ko dhyAna kI mudrA meM dekhate haiM to hameM parama zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai / zAntarasa ke viSaya meM vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki manuSya meM isa bhAva ko abhyAsa ke dvArA pakar3ane kI kSamatA hai tathA jise yaha prApta ho jAtA hai use Atmika zAnti prApta ho jAtI hai jisako prApta karane ke lie yogiyoM, sanyAsiyoM aura mahAtmAoM ko bhI kAphI prayatna karanA par3atA hai|| zAntarasa kI utpatti AtmA kI svatantratA se hotI hai| isakA sambandha icchAoM ke vinAza se hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki zAntarasa kA artha hai zAnti kA kAlpanika anubhava / isake liye vyaktitva kA rUpAntaraNa Avazyaka hai tathA isakA anta parama zAnti (cosmic peace) hai| yaha eka aisI sthiti hai jahA~ sukha hai na duHkha, na ghRNA hai na IrSyA / sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samatA kA bhAva hai / zAntarasa AtmA se sambandhita eka vRtti hai / jyoM jyoM rAga-dveSa kI AkulatA kama hotI jAtI hai aura jJAna kA Aloka phailatA jAtA hai, tyoM tyoM antaHkaraNa meM zAnti kA vikAsa hotA hai / "he rAjan ! ve kahate hai ki zAntarasa kA udbhava vairAgya se hotA hai| isakA vyavasthApana dhArmika sAmagrI, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati dayA, sAdhanA tathA dUsaroM ko mokSa mArga kI ora utsAhita karane se hotA hai / " / zAntarasa eka ucca koTi kA Ananda prApta karAne vAlA rasa hai / isakI zAntasya tu samutpattirnupa vairAgyataH smRtA / sa cAbhine yo bhavati liGgagahaNatastathA / sarvabhUtadayAdhyAnamokSamArga pravartaneH / abhinava 'lokAnA

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70 samatvayoga eka samanavayadRSTi utpatti AtmA kI svatantratA kI surakSA kI icchA se hotI hai tathA isakA dhyeya satya kA jJAna prApta karanA haiM / yadi hamAre citta meM kisI prakAra kA dambha nahIM hai. bAsanAoM ko gaMdagI nahIM hai, tuccha svArtha lipsA kA kAluSya nahIM hai to hama zAntarasa prApta kara sakate haiM / Aja sArA vizva moha aura viSAda se vyAkula ho rahA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, zoka, bhoga-vilAsa ityAdi manovikAroM ke pariNAma svarUpa vyakti kI nirNaya karane kI zakti kuMThita ho gaI hai| sabhI ora moha kA sAmrAjya najara AtA hai jisakI vajaha se vyakti kI buddhi aura nirNaya lene kI zakti meM bheda utpanna ho gayA hai| aisI viSamatA aura viSa se bhare vizva meM zAntarasa (Tranquality)kA prApta karanA bahuta duSkara kArya hai / kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki jahA~ taka isa rasa kI prApti nahIM hotI vahA~ taka samatA nahIM A sakatI / .. hama sabhI sukha prApta karanA cAhate haiM, usake pIche daur3ate haiM, usako prApta karane ke lie hara prakAra kA prayatna karate haiM, sAdhana juTAte haiM, kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki sukha kisa vastu meM hai ise hama nahIM jAnate, kSaNika sukha ko sukha mAnakara usI se khuza ho jAte haiM / vAstavika sukha Atmika Ananda meM hai, jo sthAyI hai tathA jise prApta karane ke uparAnta pachatAnA nahIM par3atA / isa prakAra kI prApti zAntarasa ke binA prApta honA asambhava hai / 2. sAhitya aura dharma meM zAnta rasa kAphI samaya se sAhitya aura dharma meM rasoM kI saMkhyA ATha mAnI gaI hai| kAlIdAsa ne apanI racanA 'vikramorvazIya' meM kahA hai - muninA bharatena yaH prayogo bhavatISvaSTarasAzrayo niyuktaH / lalitAbhinayaM tamadya bhartA marutAM draSTumanAH salokapAlaH // 11 11,18. bharata ne bhI inakI saMkhyA ATha hI mAnI hai : zaMgAra-hAsya-karuNa-raudra-vIra-bhayAnakAH / bIbhatsAdbhutA-disaMjJAzcetyaSTau nATayai rasAH smRtAH / ete hyaSTau rasAH proktA duhiNena mahAtmanA / - N.S.K.M. Edn., VI. 15-16.

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 71 inake sthAIbhAva kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA gayA hai : ratihasizca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tathA / jugupsAvismayazceti sthApi trAH prakIrtitAH // lid., VI 17 bharata ke nATyazAstra meM ATha rasoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAlAntara meM jaba vidvAnoM ne zAnta rasa ko svIkAra kiyA taba nATyazAstra ke mUla meM bhI parivartana kara diyA jisakA abhinava ne isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai zRMgArahAsyakaruNA: raudravIrabhayAnakAH / bIbhatsAdbhutazAntAzca nava nATye rasAH smRtAH // N.S., VI 16 ratihasizca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tathA / jugupsAvismayazamAH sthAyibhAvAH prakIrtitAH // "zAntApalAvinastvatra aSTAviti paThanti / " N.S., VI, 18 "tatra zAntasya sthAyI' vismayazamAH iti kaizcita paThitam / lbid. udbhaTa ne bhI zAntarasa ko svIkAra kiyA / ve nATyazAstra ke pahale bhASyakAra haiM jinhoMne rasoM kI saMkhyA nau svIkAra kI hai| Ananda ne bhI zAntarasa ko svIkAra kiyA kintu unhoMne nirveda aura sama ko isakA sthAyIbhAva nahIM mAnA / unake anusAra zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva vaha Ananda hai jo icchAoM ke lopa se prApta hotA hai - tRSNArAgakSayasukhaH tRSNAnAM viSayarAgAnAM kSayaH sarvato nivRttirUpo nirodhaH, tadeva sukham "zAnta eka naisargika avasthA hai| dUsarI bhAvanAe~ jaise pyAra ityAdi usa mUlabhUta sthiti kI vikRtiyA~ haiM / ye sabhI vikRtiyA~ dimAga kI naisargika avasthA

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72 se utpanna hotI haiM tathA anta meM usI meM vilIna ho jAtI haiM / " " "jinheM nATakakalA kA jJAna hai vaha nava rasoM ko unakI nimna vizeSatAoM ke sAtha dekhate haiM / samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi samyagjJAnaprakRtiH zAnto vigatecchanAyako bhavati / samyagjJAnaM viSaye tamaso rAgasya cApagamAt // janmajarAmaraNAditrAso vairasya vAsanAviSaye / sukhaduHkhayoranicchAdvepAviti tatra jAyante // dasavIM zatAbdI se pUrva malladhArI hemacandrasUrijI dvArA racita anuyogasUtra jaina sAhitya meM racita zAnta rasa ke sandarbha meM eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / taM jahA Nava kavvarasA paNaNattA, vIro siMgAro abbhuo a rodo ahoI bodhavvo / velaNao bIbhaccho hAso kaluNo pasaMto a / nidosamaNasamAhANasaMbhavo jo pasaMtabhovaNe / avikAra lakkhaNo so raso pasaMto tti NAyavvo / nau rasoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue zAntarasa kI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM pasaMto raso jahA sabbhAvanivvigAraM uvasaMtapasaMtasomadiTThIaM / hI jaha muNiNo sohar3a muhakamalaM pIvara sirIa / kalikAla sarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryajI kRta 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM zAMta rasa kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra haiM "vairAgyAdivibhAvo, yamaniyamAdhyAtmazAstraciMtanAdyanubhAvo, dhRtyAdivyabhicArI zamaH zAntaH "3 paMDita vAgbhaTa dvArA racita 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM zAMta rasa kI vyAkhyA vistRta 1. abhinava 'lokAnA' pRSTha 391 2. rudradatta kA kAvyAlaMkAra, a. 15 pe. 15-16 3. kAvyAnuzAsana pU. 80

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73 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAeM aura jyAdA spaSTa rUpa se kI gaI hai / "vairAgya-saMsArabhIrutA-tattvajJAna-vItarAgacaraNa-. paricaraNa- paramezvarAnugrahAdi-viyo, yama-nigramA - dhyAtmazAstracintanAdyanubhAvo, dhRti-smRti( nizceSTaH )matyAdi-vyabhicArI zamAbhidhAnaH sthAyibhAvAzcaryajIyatAM gataH zAMtarasaH / AcArya purandara zrI munisuMdarasUrizvajI mahArAja ne AdhyAtmakalpadrupa kI racanA karate hue prathama maMgala zloka meM "zAntarasa kA varNana karatA hU~" yaha kahakara adhyAtma se lagatI huI bAbatoM ko zAMtarasa kI mAnA hai -. jayazrIrAntarArINAM lebhe yena prazAntitaH / taM zrI vIrajinaM natvA "rasaH zAnto vibhAvyate // isa graMtha kI TIkA meM "zAMta" rasa ko "rasAdhirAja" kahA gayA hai| zAntarasa ko chor3akara bAkI sabhI rasoM ko asthAI tathA duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / zAntarasa hI eka aisA rasa hai jo cirasthAyI tathA duHkha kA nAza tathA sukha kI vRddhi karane vAlA hai| isake Ane para AtmA meM jAgRti paidA hotI hai tathA jIvana parivartita ho jAtA hai isaliye ise "rasAdhirAja" kahA gayA hai / 1. paMDita vAgmaTakRta-. 'kAvyAnuzAsana' adhyAya pRSTha 57. 2. adhyAtmakalpadruma zloka 1

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74 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 3. zAnta rasa prApta karane ke vibhinna sAdhana (a) Atmazuddhi samatvayoga ko prabala banAne ke lie Atmazuddhi kI AvazyakatA hai kyoMki AtmA meM kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi vaibhAvika vikAroM ke A jAne se viSamatA bar3ha jAtI hai, samatA kA hAsa ho jAtA hai| isalie bhAvanA ke sAthasAtha AtmA meM praviSTa doSoM, vikAroM, aniSToM yA aticAroM kA nivAraNa AtmAlocanA, AtmanindanA (pazcAttApa) garhaNA (doSoM ko prakaTa karanA), doSoM kI mAtrA ke anurUpa prAyazcitta Adi dvArA Atmazuddhi honI jarUrI hai| Atmazaddhi ke binA samatvayoga kA vikAsa aura saMvardhana ruka jAyagA, caitanyayAtrA vahIM Thappa ho jAyagI / isIlie sAmAyika pATha meM paramAtmA ke caraNoM ko apane hRdaya meM pratiSThita karake pratikramaNa, AlocanA, nindanA, garhaNA evaM atikramAdi doSoM ko jAnakara prAyazcitta ke dvArA Atmazuddhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai tAki samatAyoga meM pragati ho ske| Atmazuddhi samatvayoga ke tRtIya stambha-upAsanA kI saphalatA kA patha prastuta karatI hai / Atmazuddhi bhUminirmANa kA zramasAdhya kArya karatI hai aura upAsanA usameM samatA ke bIja botI hai / Atmazuddhi kI prakriyA upAsanA ke lie bhUmikA prastuta karatI hai| AtmabhUmi ko zuddha kiye binA DAlA huA upAsanAbIja, jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a meM par3e bIja kI taraha yA to svayaM sar3a-galakara naSTa ho jAyagA yA phira use kAma, krodha, Asakti aura ahaMkArarUpI cUhe yA pakSI cuga yA caTa kara jAe~ge / isI ke anurUpa sAmAyika kA artha AcArya ne kiyA hai - sama: sAvadyayogaparihAra: niravadyayogAnuSThAnurUpa-jIvapariNAma: tasya AyaH lAbha samAyaH samAya evaM sAmAyikam / "samasta sAvadha (pApamaya) mana-vacana-kAyajanita pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karake niravadya ahiMsA, satya, saMyama, samatva Adi pravRttiyoM kA anuSThAnarUpa AtmapariNAma jo hai usakA lAbha hI sAmAyika hai|" Azaya yaha hai ki mana, vacana, kAyA se jo bhI azuddha viSamatAjanaka pravRtti huI ho, usakA AlocanAdi dvArA nivAraNa karake samabhAvapoSaka zaddha pravRtti meM ramaNa karanA hI samatvayoga haiM, sAmAyika hai / jisase Atmazuddhi ho sake /

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75 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ jIvanazodhana kI prakriyA samatvayoga kA Avazyaka aMga hai| (ba) bhAvanA prazna yaha hai ki isa rasa ko pApa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isako prApta karane kA sAdhana hai .. bhAvanA / (bhAvyate iti bhAvanA) saMsAra ke prati vairAgya utpanna karane ke liye jisa vastu kA bAra bAra smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA jisakI sahAyatA se saMsAra ke bandhana se AtmA ko mukta kiyA jA sake athavA AtmA ko mokSagAmI kiyA jA sake vaha hai bhAvanA / samajha tathA jJAna ke abhAva meM koI bhI kriyA vAstavikatA kA svarUpa prApta nahIM kara sakatI / hama kauna hai ? kahA~ haiM ? hamAre jIvana kA lakSya kyA hai ? isa sAre nATaka kA artha kyA hai ? ina sabhI bAtoM para vicAra karane kA kArya bhAvanA kA hai| bhAvanA vyakti ko apanI AtmA ke andara dekhane meM sahAyatA karatI haiN| vaha vastu kI banispata usake kAraNa ko dekhane kI koziza karatI hai / bhAvanA ke abhAva meM vidvAna puruSa ke vicAra meM athavA dila meM bhI zAntarasa kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / zAntarasa ke mahattva ko samajhane ke liye bhAvanA ke mahattva ko samajhanA ati Avazyaka hai / kyoMki AdhyAtmika bhUmikA kI zuddhi ke liye bhAvanA eka sAdhana hai| sarvaprathama samatva ko puSTa karane vAlI cAra bhAvanAoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zAstroM meM kaI sthAnoM para ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai jaise ki "maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthyAni sattvaguNAdhikalizyamAnavinayeSu // " "parahitacintA maitrI, paraduHkhavinAzinI tathA karuNA / parasukhatuSTimuditA, paradoSoprekSaNamupekSA // 2 "tathA sattvAdiSu maitryAdiyoga iti / "3 kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya zrI hemacandrasUrIzvarajI dvArA racita yogazAstra meM 1. umAsvAti-'tattvArtha, adhyayana 7, sUtra 6. 2. haribhadrasUri- 'SoDaSaka prakaraNa'- caturtha SoDaSaka, zloka 15 3. haribhadrasUri- 'dharmabindu prakaraNa' adhyAya 3 sUtra 93

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76 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi nimna bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai - "maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthyAni niyojayet / dharmadhyAnamupaskartuM, taddhi tasya rasAyanam // "" isake bAda meM 8 zloka meM pratyeka bhAvanA kI vyAkhyA hai| "maitrI pavitrapAtrAya, muditA modazAline / kRpopekSA pratIkSAya, tubhyaM yogAtmAne namaH // 5 zrI siddharSi gaNI viracita upamiti meM cAra bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - "tadaGgIkRtya jIvena sattvaguNAdhika-klizyamAnA'vinayeSu maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthyAni samAcaraNIyAni bhavanti" zrI muni suMdarasUrIzvarajI mahArAja racita 'adhyAtma kalpadrupa' meM cAra bhAvanAoM kA suMdara varNana hai - "cittabAlaka ! mA tyAkSIrajanabhAvanauSadhIH / yattvA durdhyAnabhUtA na, chalayanti chalAnviSaH // isa mahApuruSa ne prathama zloka meM bhAvanA ke pratyakSa phala ko batAte hue sAdhAraNa vyakti ke mana meM zraddhA utpanna ho, isa prakAra se varNana kiyA hai| "bhajasva maitrI jagadaMgirAziSu, pramodamAtmAguNiSu tvazeSataH / bhavArtidIneSu kRpArasaM sadApyudAsavRttiM khalu nirguNeSvapi // "8 nyAyavizArada nyAyAcArya zrI yazovijayajI upAdhyAya racita dvAtriMzatvAtriMzikA meM bhI cAra bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| manovijJAna kA eka aTala niyama hai ki jo vyakti apane mana meM jisa 4. 'yogazAstra' prakAza 4. zloka 117 5. zrI vItarAgastotra. zloka 15 6. upamiti prathama prastAva 7. prathama samatAdhikAra zloka 1 8. prathama samatAdhikAra zloka 10

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77 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ prakAra kI bhAvanA karatA hai, vaha antataH vaisA hI bana jAtA hai| bhagavadgItA meM spaSTa batAyA hai .. 'zraddhAmayA'yaM puruSaH yo yacchRddhaH sa eva saH' jo jaisI zraddhA yA bhAvanA rakhatA hai, vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai / bhAvanA kA yaha prabhAva kisI bhI kSetra meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI manuSya banatA-bigar3atA hai| uttama manuSya-zarIra ko pAkara bhI durbhAvanAoM ke kAraNa hajAroM vyakti rAkSasa bana jAte haiM, jabaki zubha bhAvanAoM ke kAraNa kucha vyakti devoM ke bhI pUjanIya bana jAte haiM / jo vidyArthI vidyA prApta karake apanA jIvana nirmANa karane tathA parIkSA meM saphalatA prApta karane kI bhAvanA se adhyayana karatA hai, vaha zIghra vidyAlAbha karake yogyatA hAsila kara letA hai| isake viparIta jo vidyArthI abhibhAvakoM ke dabAva se, lAcArI se, binA mana se, adhyApakoM ke trAsa se par3hatA hai, vaha vidyAlAbha nahIM uThA pAtA, na hI yogyatA prApta kara pAtA hai| usakA adhikAMza zrama bekAra calA jAtA haiN| manuSya kI paristhitiyA~, kusaMyoga Adi kA usake aniSTa hone meM bahuta kama hAtha rahatA hai jitanA ki durbala bhAvanA kA / kisI roga, saMkaTa, vipatti yA musIbata ke Ane para yadi manuSya AzA, utsAha evaM AtmavizvAsa ko chor3akara cintA, asaMtulana, nirAzA, utsAhahInatA, bhIti yA zaMkAgrastatA kI bhAvanA karatA hai to vaha bar3e se bar3e sAdhana hone para bhI unase chuTakArA nahIM pA sakatA, jabaki roga, saMkaTa Adi A par3ane para jo AzA Adi kA sambala lekara cintA, bhIti, nirAzA Adi se dUra raha kara una rogAdi saMkaToM se mukta ho jAne kI prabala bhAvanA karatA hai vaha sAdhana na hote hue bhI unase chuTakArA pA letA hai / ataH manuSya kI bhAvanA hI mRtyu hai aura bhAvanA hI amRta hai / bhAvanA kI tejasvitA manuSya meM sAhasa, teja, oja, manobala tathA AyuSya Adi kI vRddhi karatI hai jabaki bhAvanA kI durbalatA yA nirjIvatA jIvita rahate hue bhI manuSya ko nirjIva, dIna-hIna--kSINa banA detI hai|

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78 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - bhAvaNAjogasuddhappA jale nAvA va AhiyA / jisakI AtmA bhAvanAyoga se vizuddha hotI hai vaha jala meM naukA kI taraha bhAvanA kI naukA meM baiThakara dUra dIkhane vAle taTa para pahu~ca sakatA hai / yaha bhAvanA kA hI camatkAra thA ki prasannacandra rAjarSi jo kucha hI dera pahale sAtavIM naraka ke yAtrI banane vAle the, thor3I hI dera bAda sarvArtha siddha devaloka ke yAtrI bana sake aura Azcarya kI bAta hai ki usI daurAna ve kevalajJAnI hokara mokSa ke yAtrI bana gaye / isIlie bhAvanA se bhAvita honA pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai / samatAyogI bhI bhAvitAtmA hue binA lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / bhAvitAtmA hone ke bAda vaha jo honA cAhatA hai, ho jAtA hai / jisa rUpa meM vyakti mana ko badalanA cAhatA hai, badala letA hai / mana eka AkAra kA hotA hai| usake asaMkhya paryAya haiN| vaha bhinna-bhinna AkAroM meM badalatA hai| sAdhaka jaisA cAhatA hai, tanmayatA aura ekAgratA ke sAtha jaisI bhAvanA karatA hai vaisA hI ho jAtA hai, mana vaisA hI AkAra lene lagatA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM spaSTa kahA hai - dRr3habhAvanayA ceto yadyathA bhAvayatyalam / tattatphalaM tadAkAraM tAvatkAlaM prapazyati // he rAjan ! yaha mana dRr3ha bhAvanA vAlA hokara jaisA saMkalpa karatA hai, use usI AkAra meM, utane samaya taka aura usI prakAra kA phala dene vAlA anubhava hotA bhAvanA dUsaroM taka bhI pahu~cAI jA sakatI hai, dUsaroM para bhI usakA prabhAva DAlA jA sakatA hai| dUsaroM kI kaThinAiyoM ko hala karanA, bImArI miTAnA, dUsaroM kA hRdaya--parivartana karanA, dUsare ke vicAra badalanA, ye saba bhAvanA ke prayoga haiM / bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se svayaM ko, dUsaroM ko aura pAripAzvika vyakti evaM vAtAvaraNa ko badalA jA sakatA hai| samatAyoga kI dRSTi se jaba hama bhAvanAoM para vicAra karate haiM to sAmAyikapATha meM sarvaprathama samatva paripuSTi ke hetu maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthya ina cAra bhAvanAoM kI anubhUti para bala diyA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM saMsAra ke samasta 1. tattvArtha- sUtra adhyAya 7 sUtra 6-umAsvAti

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ jIvoM ke prati maitrIbhAvanA, guNIjano ke prati pramodabhAvanA, dukhita-pIr3ita janoM ke prati kAruNyabhAvanA aura virodhIjanoM ke prati mAdhyasthya bhAvanA ke dvArA samatAyogI sAdhaka apane citta ko nirmala svaccha banAkara vyAvahArika kSetra meM samatA kI saphalatApUrvaka sAdhanA kara sakatA hai / / parahita-cintA maitrI, paraduHkhavinAzinI tathA karuNA / parasukhatuSThirmuditA, paradoSopekSaNamupekSA // ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa batAte hue AcArya amitagati kahate haiM - sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva // jaise ki gItA meM bhI maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa Atmaupamya kI bAta kahI hai .. Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjuna / sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mataH // jo sAdhaka AtmavatbhAva se sabhI prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko Atmasama dekhatA hai vahI samatAyogI mAnA gayA hai / sAmAyikaM sarvajIveSu samatvam / / ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai : (9) maitrIbhAvanA : saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati ni:svArtha prema-bhAva rakhanA; apanI AtmA ke samAna hI saba ko sukha duHkha kI anubhUti karane vAle samajhanA, maitrI bhAvanA hai / jisa prakAra manuSya apane kisI viziSTa mitra kI hamezA bhalAI cAhatA 1. AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri viracita SoDaSaka prakaraNa caturtha poDaSaka zlo - 15 2. AcArya amitagatiH - paramAtmA jJAtrizikA / 3. zrImad bhagavadgItA 6.32 / 4. bhAva pAhuDa

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80 samatvayoga-eka saMmanavayadRSTi hai, jahA~ taka apane se ho sakatA hai, samaya para bhalAI karatA haiM, dUsaroM se usake lie bhalAI karavAne kI icchA rakhatA hai usI prakAra jisa sAdhaka kA hRdaya maitrI bhAvanA se paripUrita ho jAtA hai, vaha bhI prANImAtra kI bhalAI karane ke lie bahuta utsuka rahatA hai, sabako apanepana kI buddhi se dekhatA hai / vaha kisI ko bhI kisI bhI taraha kA kaSTa nahIM denA cAhatA / vaha samasta vizva ko mitra rUpa meM dekhatA hai "mitrasya cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni pazyAmahe / " arthAt maiM saba jIvoM ko mitra kI A~khoM se dekhatA hU~, merA kisI se bhI vaira-virodha nahIM hai, pratyuta saba ke prati prema hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM maitrI ke ye hI svara Apako sarvatra gUMjate hue sunAI deMge, dekhie : "mittI me savvabhUesu / "2 "maittaM ca meM savvalokassi / '3 merI vizva ke saba prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI hai|| maitrI kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai - 'para hita cintA maitrI' dUsare ke hita kA vicAra karanA, dUsaroM ko jisameM vAstavika sukha prApta ho, dUsaroM kA kalyANa aura rakSaNa ho isa prakAra kI bhAvanA karanA maitrI hai| dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti apanI AtmA ke samAna hI karanA, dUsaroM kI bhalAI cAhanA, bhalAI ke lie bhAvanA karanA maitrI hai, dUsare ke prati niHsvArtha prema, bandhutva aura Atmaupamya bhAva rakhanA bhI maitrI hai| maitrI mana, buddhi, citta aura hRdaya ko pavitra bhAvanA se bhara detI hai| isameM svayaM ke sukha kI, jIne kI yA svayaM ke svArtha kI bhAvanA mukhya nahIM hotii| mukhya hotI hai-dUsaroM ke sukha, hita yA jIne kI athavA Arogya Adi kI bhAvanA / Atmaupamya kI virAT bhAvanA mukhyatayA maitrI ke rUpa meM avatarita hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM sAdhaka ke liye kahA gayA hai - "appaNA saccamesejjA mittI bhUehiM kappae''4 1. majurveda 36 / 18 2. Ava. a. 8 3. dhammapada 4. uttarAdhyaya-sUtra

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81 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ apane Apase dUsare kI tulanA kara satya ko DhUDho aura prANimAtra ke prati maitrI karo / samaNa sUtta meM isI prakAra kI maitrI kA svara samatArasa se yukta hokara mukharita huA hai - jaM icchasi appaNato, jaMNa icchasi appaNato / taM iccha parassa vi ya, ettiyagaM jiNasAsaNaM // jo tU apane lie cAhatA hai, aura jo apane lie nahIM cAhatA; dUsaroM ke prati bhI tU vaisA hI vyavahAra kara, yahI samatAmUlaka vyavahAra yA bhAva jina zAsana kA sAra hai| gItA kA bhI yaha svara hai - sarvabhUtasthamAtmAnaM, sarvabhUtAni cAtmani / - IkSate yogayuktAtmA, sarvatra samadarzanaH // 2 jo apane Apako sabhI prANiyoM meM tathA sabhI prANiyo ko apanI AtmA meM dekhatA hai, vaha samatAyoga se yukta AtmA sarvatra samadarzana karatA hai / / - ataH manuSya ko tuccha svArthavRtti chor3akara paramArtha-dRSTi se cintana aura vyavahAra karanA cAhie, yahI maitrImUlaka samatA hai / jaba manuSya kI dRSTi Atmaupamya kI ho jAtI hai, taba vaha apane saMkIrNa svArtha meM banda nahIM hotA, apane Apa meM kendrIbhUta nahIM hotaa| saMgraha meM maitrI kA lakSaNa diyA hai - 'sukhacintA matA maitrI' - dUsare prANiyoM ke vAstavika sukha kI bhAvanA yA cintana karanA maitrI mAnI gaI hai| isI artha kA samarthana tattvArtha 'rAjavAttika evaM sarvArtha siddhi' meM kiyA gayA hai -- _ 'pareSAM duHkhAnutpatyabhilASA maitrI' 'dUsaroM ko duHkha na ho, aisI abhilASA rakhanA maitrI hai / ' isI kA 1. samaNa-sUtaM 2. bhagavad gItA - 6/29

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi vizleSaNa karate hue 'jJAnArNava'' meM maitrI kA artha kiyA hai - kSudretaravikalpeSu carasthira-zarIriSu / sukha-duHkhAdyavasthANu saMsRterSu yathAyatham // 5 // nAnA yonigateSvapi samatvenAvirAdhikA / sAdhvI mahattvamApannA matiH maitrIti gadyate // 6 // jIvantu jantavaH sarve klezavyasanavarjitAH / prApnuvantu sukhaM; tyaktvA vairaM, pApaM parAbhavam // 7 // 'saMsAra meM sUkSma aura sthUla bhedarUpa vasa sthAvara prANI sukha-duHkhAdi avasthAoM meM jaise jaise rahe hoM, unake prati tathA aneka prakAra kI yoniyoM ko prApta jIvoM ke prati samatA kI avirAdhaka, mahattA ko prApta, samIcIna buddhi maitrIbhAvanA kahalAtI hai / maitrIbhAvanA kA rUpa yaha hai - samasta prANI kaSTa, duHkha evaM ApadAoM se rahita hokara jIeM, tathA dUsaroM ke prati vaira, pApa evaM apamAna Adi maitrIbAdhaka vikAroM ko chor3akara sukha prApta kareM / __ 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM maitrIbhAvanA kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM usakI utpatti ke sambandha meM eka vilakSaNa aura sundara cintana prastuta kiyA hai : "jIvesu mittaciMtA mettI-jIvesu mittaciMtA-anantakAlaM catasRSu gatiSu paribhramatvo ghaTIyaMtravat sarve prANabhRto'pi bahuzaH kRtamahopakArA iti teSu mitratAcintA maitrI / "2 jIvoM ke prati maitrI kA cintana maitrIbhAvanA hai| vaha maitrI cintana kaise ho? isake lie AcArya kahate hai - "anantakAla se merI AtmA raha~Ta kI ghaTI ke samAna isa caturgatimaya saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai; isa saMsAra meM samasta prANiyoM ne mere para aneka bAra mahAn upakAra kiye haiM, ata: aba mujhe (manuSyajanma meM) unakA hitacintana karake maitrI-saMvardhana karanA cAhie, isa prakAra mana meM AtmIyatA kI bhAvanApUrvaka cintana karanA maitrIbhAvanA hai / prasiddha vaijJAnika baTreMDa rasaila ne eka pustaka likhI hai - 'The world, as I see it' usameM usane apanA cintana diyA hai ki "isa saMsAra meM maiM agaNita prANiyoM kI sahAyatA se jI rahA huuN| na mAlUma 1. jJAnArNava 27/5-7 2. Ava. a. 4

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83 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAeM kitane jJAta-ajJAta prANiyoM kA sahayoga mujhe prApta huA hai, hogA aura hotA jA rahA hai| una prANiyoM ke upakAroM kA vicAra karatA hU~ to kRtajJatA se merA hRdaya bhara AtA hai| maiM socatA hU~ una prANiyoM ke sAtha kaise maitrI (prema) karake maiM apane prati kiye gaye, upakAroM kA badalA cukAU~ / " vAstava meM isa prakAra se prANiyoM ke upakAroM kA cintana karate hue unake prati kauTumbikatA kI bhAvanA hRdaya meM rakhakara unakA hita-cintana karanA maitrI kA spaSTa rUpa hai / 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' kI haribhadrIya AvRtti meM bhI AhAra karate samaya sAdhuvarga ke lie SaTkAyika jIvoM (samasta prANiyoM) ke prati kauTumbikatA kI bhAvanA kA vidhAna kiyA hai / ataH maitrI citta kI prasannatA, sadbhAvanApUrNa AtmIyatA hai, jIvana kI madhuratA hai| maitrI kA mahattva : maitrI jaba hRdaya meM vyApaka rUpa dhAraNa karake AtI hai taba ye sArI kSudratAe~, saMkIrNatAe~, saMkucita svArthabhAvanA Adi samApta ho jAtI hai| usakI AtmA meM vyApakatA aura sarvabhUtAtmabhAvanA A jAtI hai / yahI samatAyogI kI saphalatA hai| ___ maitrI samatA aura zAnti ke zikhara para pahu~cane kA prathama sopAna hai| apanI AtmA ko vikasita aura vistRta banAne kA agara koI puNya sAdhana hai to maitrI hai| maitrI ke mAdhyama se manuSya eka zarIra se sAre vizva kI AtmAoM taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| jisane maitrIbhAvanA apanA lI, usake lie sArA vizva hI apanA kuTumba ho gyaa| vaha vizvakuTumbI bana jAtA hai / jisake hRdaya meM maitrIbhAvanA kA nivAsa hotA hai, usake hRdaya meM zuddha prema, dayA, sahAnubhUti, AtmIyatA, bandhutA, sahRdayatA, karuNA, kSamA, sevA Adi divya gaNoM kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| usake jIvana meM sukhasampadAoM kI koI kamI nahIM rahatI / svAmI rAmatIrtha amerikA kI yAtrA kara rahe the| unake pAsa apane zarIra aura usa para par3e hue thor3e-se vastroM ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM thaa| kisI amerikA nivAsI sajjana ne unase pUchA .. "ApakA amerikA meM koI sambandhI nahIM hai, Apake pAsa dhana bhI nahIM hai, phira amerikA meM Apa apanA nirvAha kaise kareMge ?" svAmI rAmatIrtha ne Agantuka kI ora mitra kI dRSTi se dekhakara AtmavizvAsa-pUrvaka kahA- 'yahA~ bhI mere mitra haiM / " "kauna haiM ?" yaha pUchane para

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84 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi svAmIjI ne kahA - "sabase pahale mitra Apa haiM, jinake yahA~ mujhe sabhI suvidhAe~ mila jaaeNgii|" aura sacamuca Agantuka para svAmIjI kI maitrIpUrNa vANI aura unakI AtmIyatA kA aisA prabhAva par3A ki vaha vyakti svAmIjI kA ghaniSTha mitra bana gyaa| sacamuca vizvamaitrI kI bhAvanA vyakti ke lie vizva-kuTumbitA yA AtmIyatA kA varadAna hai / eka pAzcAtya vaijJAnika eDisana (Addison) maitrI kI mahimA batAte hue kahatA hai : Friendship improves happiness, and abates misery, by doubling our joy, and dividing our grief." maitrI hamArI prasannatA ko duganI karate hue, tathA hamAre gama (duHkha) ko bA~Tate hue khuzI bar3hAtI hai, aura vipatti ko kama kara detI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMdezAnusAra vizvamaitrIbhAvanA ke dhanI ke ye udgAra ma mittI me savvabhUesu, veraM majjhaM na keNai / merI samasta prANiyoM ke prati maitrI hai, merA kisI ke bhI sAtha vaira-virodha nahIM hai| yajarveda meM maitrI bhAvanA kA rUpa diyA hai : mitrasya cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni pazyAmahe, mitrasya cakSuSA mA sarvabhUtAni samIkSatAm / ' maiM samasta prANiyoM ko mitra kI dRSTi se dekhatA huuN| mujhe samasta prANI mitra kI dRSTi se dekheM / , ramaNa maharSi ne apane Azrama (tiruvannAmalai) meM krUra sA~poM ke sAtha itanI maitrI kara lI ki ve kaI bAra unake pAsa Ate aura lipaTa jAte, magara Dasate nahIM the / gilaharI aura baMdara bhI unake AtmIya bana gaye the / ___ eka dina henarI ne apane nagara meM AI huI sarakasa kaMpanI se eka zera khriidaa| use piMjare meM lekara henarI apane ghara aayaa| usane piMjare kA daravAjA kholA aura zera ko apane ghara meM praveza karane ko kahA / zera tathA sarakasa kaMpanI ke 1. Avazyaka a. 8 2. yajurveda 36/18

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ karmacArI svayaM cakita the ki vaha itanI AjAdI zera ko kyoM de rahA hai ? parantu henarI ke maitrIbhAva ne zera ko apanA mitra banA liyaa| vaha hara samaya usake sAtha hI rahane lgaa| kisI dUsare prANI ko bhI vaha hAni nahIM pahu~cAtA thaa| TarkI-nivAsI samIrA nAma kI eka 30 varSIyA nartakI bhArI bharakama sA~poM ko lekara nAcatI / usane pAkistAna jAkara 50 kilo vajana kA eka sarpa khriidaa| vaha usako apane hAthoM meM lekara pyAra karatI, pucakAratI, phira kaMdhe para DAla kara nRtya karatI / sA~pa usake prema se itanA AkarSita ho gayA ki vaha use kATatA nahI thA / eca.e. jejane apanI pustaka 'vijaDama Apha enimalsa' meM eka pAlatU billI aura tote kI dostI kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAnyataH billI tote ko dekhate hI usa para jhapaTatI hai lekina ye donoM paraspara prema karate the| billI tote ko apane bacce kI taraha khilAtI thI / eka dina mAlakina koI cIja pakAne ko rasoIghara ke cUlhe para rakhakara Upara vAle kamare meM calI gaI / pIche se sahasA totA cUlhe para car3hAe gae bartana meM gira par3A aura chaTapaTAne lgaa| billI turanta Upara bAle kamare meM jAkara mAlakina ke samakSa kAtara bhAva se vyAkulatA prakaTa karane lgii| mAlakina nIce AI / cUlhe para rakhe bartana meM gire hue tote ko dekha bAhara nikAlA / agara billI ne usa samaya mAlakina ko na bulAyA hotA to tote ke prANa nikala gae hote / eka kavi ne kahA hai - maitrIbhAva- pavitra jharaNuM muja haiyAmAM vahyA kare; zuMbha thAo A sakala vizvanuM, evI bhAvanA nitya rahe. maitrI-bhAvanA kA prakAza jaba hRdayamandira meM jagamagA uThatA hai to phira vahA~ vaira, dveSa, ahaMkAra, krodha, IrSyA Adi kA andhakAra Tika nahIM sakatA / sarpa aura nakula, gAya aura bAgha, cUhA aura billI maitrIbhAvanA kI chAyA meM apane janmajAta vaira--bhAva ko bhUla jAte haiM / aisA karuNApUrNa madhura prabhAva maitrI-bhAva kA hai| vizvavikhyAta kavi 'rAbarTa luI sTIvensana' kA jIvana eka dina ghRNA, vidveSa, cir3acir3Apana, utAvalI, adhairya, avizvAsa Adi durguNoM se bharA thA / eka

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi taraha se usakA jIvana nArakIya bana cukA thA / jalana aura kur3hana hI usakI buddhi meM DerA DAle hue the / usakA zarIra sUkhakara kA~TA ho gayA thaa| usake par3osI aura mitra bhI kahane lage the ki aba eka do mahIne kA mehamAna hai yaha / baDhiyA pauSTika bhojana karane para bhI usakA zarIra durbala banA rahatA thA, kyoMki dveSa, ghRNA Adi rAkSasI bhAva usake svAsthya ko caupaTa kara DAlate the / eka manovaijJAnika mitra ne use sujhAva diyA - "apanI bhAvanAoM meM parivartana kara DAlie / kucha dina ke lie kisI aparicita naye sthAna meM cale jAie, aura vahA~ ke logoM ko apane kuTumbI mAnakara unameM maitrI, prema, AtmIyatA, sadbhAvanA, hitaiSitA, udAratA aura utsarga Adi bhAvoM kA abhyAsa karie / Apake jIvana meM maitrIbhAvanA jitanI gaharI hogI, utane hI Apa svastha hote jAyeMge / ApakA jIvana divya evaM sundara bana jAegA / " sTIvensana ne thor3A-sA sAmAna tathA kucha dhana liyA aura samoA dvIpa meM jA bsaa| pahale dina pahalA abhyAsa kiyA maitrI evaM prema kA / jo bhI milA, use namaskAra karane ke lie sTIvensana kA hAtha pahale uThA / koI ghara AyA vaha cAhe kulI hI rahA ho, sTIvensana usa ke sAtha baiThakara cAya-pAna kiyaa| choTe-choTe bacce saverA hote hI sTIvensana kA dvAra khaTakhaTAte aura use jagAkara khelane ke lie AhvAna karate / sTIvensana baccoM meM aise ghula-mila jAtA ki use patA bhI na calatA ki dUsare vayaska loga bhI usake yahA~ A pahu~ce haiM / sTIvensana unheM maitrI kI madhura kahAniyA~ sunAtA, mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-saMsmaraNa bhI kahatA, bIca-bIca meM upadeza bhI detA, loga dina bhara kathA ke Ananda meM jhUme rahate / maitrIpUrNa hadaya se diye gae sTIvensana kA upadeza pAkara apane jIvana kI burAiyA~ bhI ve chor3ane lage / maitrIbhAvanA ke kucha hI mahInoM ke abhyAsa ne sTIvensana kA tana-mana badala ddaalaa| usakA svastha aura hRSTa puSTa zarIra dekhakara koI pUrva paricita nahIM kaha sakatA thA ki vahI sTIvensana hai| sabhI AvAsiyoM ke saMgaThita zramadAna se usane baMdaragAha se nagara taka kA rAstA caurasa aura pakkA banavA diyA jisakA nAma rakhA gayA premI hRdaya kA mArga / yaha thA maitrIbhAvanA kA acUka prabhAva, jisane sTIvensana aura usake samparka meM Ane vAloM kA tana, mana aura jIvana badala diyA / amerikA ke kisI patrakAra ne eka bheMTa meM dhanakubera zrI henarI phorDa se tional

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ pUchA 'kyA Apake jIvana meM aisI bhI koI vastu hai, jise Apa na kharIda sake hoM ?' henarI phorDa ne uttara diyA .. 'yadi mujhe apanA jIvana phira se zurU karanA par3e to sabase pahale maiM mitroM kI talAza karU~gA / dhana se mujhe mitra-dilera mitra na prApta ho sake / ' mitratA kI cAha vaise to pratyeka manuSya ko hotI hai, lekina vaha ThaharatI unhIM ke pAsa hai jinake hRdaya zuddha hote haiM / jo svArtha, kapaTa aura kAmanAoM se grasta hote hai, unheM saccI maitrI upalabdha nahIM hotI / isIlie eka kavi ne maitrI-bhaMga ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karate hue kahA vivAdo, dhanasambandho, yAcanaM, strISu saMgatiH / AdAnamagrataH sthAnaM, maitrIbhaMgasya hetavaH / / vAdavivAda (bahasa),artha-sambandha, yAcanA(mA~ganA), striyoM ke sAtha adhika saMsarga, lene(svArtha) kI pradhAnatA aura agragaNya kA sthAna pAnA, ye maitrI-bhaMga ke kAraNa haiM / saMkucita svArtha, anudAratA, kapaTa aura zikAyata tathA saMkIrNatA, ye bhI maitrIbhAvanA meM bAdhaka tattva haiM / maitrIbhAvanA ke Avazyaka sAdhaka tattva haiM - sahayoga, sahAnubhUti, dUradarzitA, udAratA, ni:svArthatA, nizchalatA aura AtmIyatA-- bandhutA Adi / maitrI mAnavajAti kA komala navanIta hai, gaurava hai, madhura gorasa hai / jo jAti, sampradAya, rASTra, prAnta Adi isa gaurava ko akSuNNa rakhate haiM, ve kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hote / sabake hita meM apanA hita socane se hI samAja-maitrIbhAvanA vikasita ho sakatI hai| maitrI kA Adarza gaNadhara gautama svAmI ke jIvana meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka dina bha. mahAvIra ne unheM kahA thA - "gautama ! tumhArA aura merA sneha isa deha taka hI sImita nahIM hai, vaha pichale kitane hI janmoM se avicchinna rupa meM calA A rahA hai / jIvana ke dRzya badale haiM, draSTA (AtmA) vahI rahA hai| isalie mere prati tumhArI maitrIdhArA Aja taka sUkSma rUpa se tuma meM baha rahI hai / " isI prakAra kI vyakti-maitrI satI rAjImatI kI tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke prati thI, jo bhavoM se avicchinna calI A rahI thii|

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samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi samAjamaitrI - bhAvanA meM siddhahasta amerikA ke tatkAlIna rASTrapati abrAhama liMkana mAnava-1 - hitaiSI evaM nyAyaparAyaNa the| AjIvana kArAvAsa daNDa ke aparAdhI kA eka prArthanApatra unake samakSa AyA, jisake sAtha koI siphArizI patra na thA / rASTrapati ne apane nijI saciva se pUchA "kyA isa vyakti kA koI mitra nahIM hai ?" uttara milA - "aisA hI mAlUma hotA hai / " isa para rASTrapati ne kucha kSaNa socakara usa kSamA-prArthanA ke patra ko svIkAra karate hue likhA " jisakA koI mitra nahIM usakA mitra maiM banatA hU~ / rASTra ke pratyeka vyakti ko nyAya dilAnA merA kartavya hai / " 88 saMta kevalarAmajI eka gAr3IvAna ko usakI gAr3I ke sAtha calate-calate kRSNacaritAmRta kA pAna karA rahe the / sahasA jaba baila eka jagaha ruka gaye to gAr3IvAna ne unake 3-4 DaNDe jora se jamA diye / DaNDoM ke Dara se baila jora se bhAgane lage / gAr3IvAna ko jaba saMtajI kA dhyAna AyA, to usane pIche mur3akara dekhA, saMtajI mUcchita hokara gire par3e haiN| gAr3IvAna ne daur3akara unheM uThAyA, usane dekhA ki bailoM ke mAre gae DaNDoM ke nizAna aba bhI kevalarAmajI ke zarIra para spaSTa dRSTigocara ho rahe the / jaba prANImAtra ke prati 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke rUpa meM maitrIbhAvanA paripakva ho jAtI hai, taba Atmatva aura vizvatva meM abhinnatA - sI ho jAtI hai / phira vizva ke jarre jarre kA jJAna, pratyeka halacala kA bodha use ho jAtA hai / 2. pramoda - bhAvanA maitrI - bhAvanA se samasta prANiyoM ke prati AtmIyatA - Atmaupamya kI dRSTi vikAsita hotI hai, parantu pramoda - bhAvanA se una prANiyoM meM se kucha viziSTa guNasampanna prANiyoM ke guNoM ko dekhakara citta meM AhlAda utpanna hotA hai / AcArya zrI amitagati ne pramodabhAvanA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai - 'guNiSu pramodam' saMsAra ke guNI vyaktiyoM yA prANiyoM para sadA pramoda - bhAvanA ho / pramodabhAvanA samatAyoga ko mArga dikhAkara gati - pragati karAne vAlI A~kha hai /

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ nyAya kA takAjA hai ki guNIjanoM ke guNoM ko protsAhita kiyA jAe, unheM pratiSThA dI jAe / apane Asa pAsa dRSTi DAlane para aise aneka vyakti yA prANI dikhAI deMge, jo dayA, kSamA. prema, sevA, karuNA, bandhutA, samatA Adi guNoM meM apane se kaI gune adhika haiM, 'athavA jo svayaM vratabaddha yA mahAvratabaddha hokara dharmapradhAna dRSTi se yA ahiMsaka dRSTi se samAja kA nirmANa karane meM aharniza juTe hue haiM, ve AtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha samAjakalyANa karane meM saMlagna haiM, kaI vyakti rASTra kA ahiMsaka DhaMga se kAyAkalpa karane meM, use parantratA se mukta karane meM lage hue haiN| isake lie ve apanI sukha-suvidhA chor3akara, bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi kI paravAha na karake, jeloM kA yAtanApUrNa jIvana bitA karake bhI sevA-bhAva se juTe hue haiN| aise bhI haiM jo samAja ke lie apanI zaktiyoM aura kSamatAoM kA upayoga karane meM pravRtta haiM / dUsarI ora aise bhI mahAn puruSa hai, jo rAgadveSa evaM moha se sarvathA rahita haiM, jo ni:spRha, nirabhimAna, nirdvandva hokara Atma-sAdhanA karake siddhi prApta kara cuke haiM athavA karane meM saMlagna haiM, jo AtmabhAvoM meM hI ramaNa karate hai, Atma-samAdhi meM lIna haiM, aise sabhI guNIjanoM ko preraNAmUrti mAnakara unake prayAsoM evaM guNoM ko dekhakara mana hI mana pramudita honA, unheM protsAhana denA, unakI prazaMsA karanA, unheM sArvajanika pratiSThA denA aura sarvottama vItarAga puruSoM (cAhe unakA nAma kucha bhI ho, ve cAhe jisa dharma sampradAya ke hoM) ke prati zraddhA-bhakti rakhanA aura vyakta karanA pramodabhAvanA hai| svapara kalyANasAdhaka sAdhujanoM ke prati to guNagrAhaka dRSTi honI hI cAhie / isI Azaya se 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM pramoda(muditA)bhAvanA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai: __ "muditA nAma yatiguNacintA, yatayo hi vinItA virAgA vibhayA vimAnA viroSA vilobhA ityAdikAH / "1 saMyamI sAdhuoM ke guNoM kA vicAra karake unake guNoM ke prati AhlAda utpanna honA pramoda(muditA)bhAvanA hai| saMyamI sAdhuoM meM vinamratA, vairAgya, nirbhayatA, nirabhimAnatA, roSa-doSa rahitatA aura nirlobhatA Adi guNa rahate haiM / eka sAdhaka ne pramodabhAvanA kA rUpa isI prakAra kA vyakta kiyA hai 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA

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90 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi guNathI bharelA guNIjana dekhI, haiyuM mAruM nRtya kare; e saMtonAM caraNakamalamAM muja jIvananuM ardhya rahe. :: kevala 'pramoda' kA svarUpa 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM isa prakAra batAyA haiM ' vadanaprasAdAdibhirabhivyajyamAnAntarbhAvitarAgaH pramodaH / ' 'mukha kI prasannatA Adi ke dvArA antara meM bhAvita bhakti aura anurAga abhivyakta honA pramoda hai / ' vAstava meM pramodabhAvanA kA vyApaka rUpa yahI hai ki guNAdhika vyaktiyoM (phira ve cAhe jisa jAti, kula, deza, yA sampradAya Adi ke hoM) ke prati AdarabhAva rakhanA; guNIjanoM kI unnati, utkarSa evaM vikAsa dekhakara unake prati IrSyA, tejodveSa, doSadRSTi na, rakhate hue unake guNoM kI prazaMsA, anumodanA aura guNagrAhitA kA bhAva rakhanA, unheM dekhakara pramudita honA / jaise bAdaloM kI garjanA aura varSA ke Agamana kI saMbhAvanA dekhakara mora ekadama bola uThate haiM usI prakAra guNIjanoM, dharmAtmA puruSoM, samAja ke niSThAvAna evaM vratabaddha sevakoM, rASTra ke sevAbhAvI nAyakoM evaM sajjanoM Adi ko dekhate hI hRdaya prema se gadgad ho jAe, mana prasannatA se uchala par3e aura unakI tarakkI dekhakara citta meM AlhAda utpanna ho to samajhanA cAhie yaha pramodabhAvanA hai / kisI vyakti meM pada yA pratiSThA ke anurUpa guNa na hote hue bhI use rijhAne, use anukUla banAkara rUpaye aiMThane yA apanA koI svArtha siddha karane ke lie usakI khuzAmada yA cApalUsI karane yA usakI anunaya-vinaya karane kA nAma pramodabhAvanA nahIM hai / guNagrAhakatA aura cApalUsI meM antara hai / guNagrahaNa jIvana kA saccA dhyeya hai jabaki cApalUsI jhUThA / guNagrAhakatA hRdaya se nikalatI hai, cApalUsI jIbha se / pahalI niHsvArtha, samatAvardhinI tathA AtmakalyANa kI kAraNabhUta hotI hai, jabaki dUsarI svArtha siddhi aura chala-kapaTa ke lie| eka prazaMsanIya hai, dUsarI nindanIya / sAdhaka kI manobhUmi meM jaba pramodabhAvanA AtI hai, usameM dUsaroM ke prati IrSyA, dveSa, chidrAnveSaNa, svArtha evaM chalakapaTa tathA para- doSadarzI dRSTi nahIM rahatI, kyoMki ye saba durguNa samatva ko dUSita karane aura viSamatA paidA karanevAle haiM / use pramodabhAvanA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jahA~ bAhara se to kisI guNI vyakti kI samAja ke bhaya yA bar3e AdamI ke lihAja se athavA burA na banane ke

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ Dara se prazaMsA kI jAya, parantu antara meM usake prati doSadarzI dRSTi ho, chidrAnveSitA ho, IrSyA aura dveSa kA viSa bharA ho / jina dinoM mahAtmA gA~dhI ke netRtva meM deza bhara meM svatantratA saMgrAma chir3A huA thA. do musliA! bhAI mohammada alI aura zaukata alI gA~dhIjI se prabhAvita hokara svatantratA saMgrAma meM jur3e / gA~dhIjI para unakI zraddhA thI, kintu unake antarmana meM sAmpradAyikatArUpI sarpiNI apanA phana phailAye baiThI thI / isalie eka bAra bAtacIta ke daurAna kucha musalamAnoM ne pUchA - "gA~dhIjI Apako kaise lage ?" unhoMne apanI manovRtti ke anusAra tapAka se javAba diyA - "gA~dhIjI sajjana haiM, nikhAlisa-dila haiM, svatantratA ke lie ahiMsaka DhaMga se jUjha rahe haiM, parantu islAma kI dRSTi se to ve kharAba se kharAba vyakti(kAphira) haiN|" isa saMsAra meM guNa aura avaguNa, acchAI aura burAI donoM haiM / yaha bAta bhI nizcita hai ki guNavikAsa se sukha-suvidhAe~ bar3hatI haiM aura avaguNa-vRddhi se duHkha / isalie catura vyakti sadaiva guNoM ko hI grahaNa karate haiM, unheM hI dekhate haiN| eka urdU zAyara ne kahA hai - najareM terI badalI to najAre badala ge| kiztI ne badalA rukha to kinAre badala gae // ina paMktiyoM meM kavi ne eka sanAtana satya kA udghATana kara diyA hai / jaba manuSya kI dRSTi badalatI hai to sArI sRSTi . sArA dRzya hI badala jAtA yadi manuSya meM guNa dekhane kI dRSTi vikasita ho jAe to vaha guNAnurAgI bana jAtA hai aura isa prakAra sadguNoM kI ora dRSTi vAle vyakti meM eka na eka dina ve sadguNa avazya A jAte haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM eka subhASita hai - 'yad dhyAyati tad bhavati' jo vyakti jaisA cintana karatA hai vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai| pramoda-bhAvanA kA sAdhaka dUsaroM ke guNoM kI ora hI dRSTi rakhatA hai, mahAna AtmAoM tathA apane se AtmavikAsa meM Age bar3he hue satpuruSoM ke ujjavala aura pavitra guNoM kA cintana karatA hai to vaisA hI bana jAe isameM koI sandeha nahIM / pramodabhAvanA dvArA jaba

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi sadguNadRSTi vikasita ho jAtI hai taba sote-uThate, baiThate-calate kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtta hote vaha usa mahAna vyakti ke guNa kA cintana karake apane meM bhI usa sadguNa kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti kisI bhI vItarAga prabhu yA jIvanmuka yA siddha paramAtmA kA athavA kisI Adarza guNIpuruSa ke guNa kA cintana karatA hai to abhyAsa bar3ha jAne se usameM bhI vaha guNa A sakatA hai athavA agale janma meM bhI vaha guNagrAhaka pramodabhAvanA ke kAraNa usa guNa kI pratimUrti bana jAtA hai / gajasukumAra kI kSamA, dharmaruci muni kI karuNA, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ugratapa evaM kaSTasahiSNutA, zAlibhadra kA pUrvajanma meM dAna, dhannA kA vairAgya, zrIrAma kA samabhAva, zrIkRSNa kA anAsakta karmayoga Adi guNoM kA cintana karane se sAdhaka ko bahuta hI Atmabala, adbhuta preraNA tathA tadanusAra AcaraNa karane ke liye protsAhana milatA hai| dharmazAstra kA yaha eka nirNIta satya hai ki 'mahAniti bhAvayan mahAn bhavati' jo manuSya mahAna hone kI bhAvanA kiyA karatA hai vaha eka dina avazya mahAna bana jAtA hai| hanumAna stotra yA hanumAna cAlIsA kA kevala pATha kara jAne se utanA lAbha nahIM milatA jitanA hanumAnajI ke saMyamita jIvana, kaThora zrama, sevAbhAva, sAdA khAna-pAna Adi sadguNoM kA cintana - manana karake jIvana meM utArane se mila sakatA hai| pramodabhAvanA ke phalasvarUpa guNagrAhakatA ke unnata vicAra use pratikSaNa Upara uThane kI preraNA dete haiM, jisase ve apanI samatva- sAdhanA meM pUre joza ke sAtha lage rahate haiN| isIlie prAcIna mahAmanISiyoM ne pramodabhAvanA kI preraNA dete hue kahA guNeSu kriyatAM yatnaH kimATopaiH prayojanam / vikrIyante na ghaNTAbhirgAvaH kSIravivarjitAH // Apa to guNagrahaNa meM prayatna kIjie / bAhya ADambara, pradarzana aura vijJApana meM kyA rakhA hai ? dUdha na dene vAlI gAyoM ke gale meM cAhe jitane ghaMTe bA~dha diye jAe~ unheM koI nahIM kharIdatA / kyoMki gAyoM kA mUlya to unake dUdha para nirbhara

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ kauravoM aura pANDavoM meM yudhiSThira ko sarvAdhika sammAna milA hai| ve sabhI ke vizvAsapAtra the, kyoMki unameM guNadRSTimUlaka pramodabhAvanA vikasita ho cukI thii| phalataH ve apane isa guNa ke kAraNa aneka sadguNoM kA jIvana meM vikAsa kara sake / unhoMne mahAbhArata meM svayaM kahA hai : 'satyaM mAtA pitA jJAnaM, dharmo bhrAtA dayA sakhA / zAntiH patnI kSamA putraH SaDete mama bAndhavAH // satya merI mAtA hai, jJAna pitA hai, dharma bhrAtA hai, dayA mitra hai, zAnti merI patnI hai aura kSamA merA putra hai; ye 6 hI mere sacce bandhu haiM / ... dattAtreya kI pramodabhAvanA bahuta hI vikasita ho gaI thI, kyoMki unameM guNagrAhI dRSTi kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA thaa| bhAgavata ke 11veM skandha meM isakA varNana hai| yadurAjA eka dina zikAra khelane gaye the| ghora jaMgala meM eka avadhUta leTe hue the; jo atyanta prasannamukha evaM saMsArabhaya nivAraka the| rAjA ne unheM dekhakara praNAma kiyA aura savinaya pUchA - "bhagavan ! Apane itanA Ananda kaise aura kahA~ se prApta kiyA ? kRpA karake isakA rahasya batAe~ / " dattAtreya ne gaMbhIratApUrvaka kahA - "rAjan ! maiMne apane jIvana meM caubIsa (guNa) guru kiye haiM, isa kAraNa maiM bar3A nihAla ho gyaa| apanI AtmasamAdhi, mastI aura AtmAnanda meM magna rahatA huuN| ve 24 guru ye haiM : (1) pRthvI, (3) AkAza, (4) pAnI, (5) agni , (6) candra, (7) sUrya, (8) kabUtara, (9) ajagara, (10) samudra, (11) pataMgA, (12) bhauMrA, (13) makkhI , (14) hAthI, (15) mRga, (16) machalI, (17) piMgalA, (18) cIla, (19) bAlaka, (20) kanyA, (21) tIra banAne vAlA, (22) sA~pa, (2) havA,

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi (23) makar3I, (24) bhuNgii| ____ vAstava meM, maiMne ina 24 guruoM ko inameM nihita guNoM ko dekhakara unake guNoM para cintana karake apane jIvana meM ina guNoM ko utArane kA prayatna kiyA hai, isI kAraNa maiM bahuta hI Ananda meM rahatA huuN| saMkSepa meM - pRthvI se maiMne kSamA kA guNa, havA se sugandha - durgandha se nirlipta - anAsakta hokara bahane kA guNa, AkAza se nirlepa aura nirmala rahane kA, jala se dUsare kI gandagI ko sApha karane kA, agni se pApa kI rAkha banAne kA, candramA se sadaiva ekarasa bane rahane kA, sUrya se moha rahita kArya karane kA, ajagara se mRtyu upasthita rahate jAgRta rahane kA, samudra se gambhIratA kA, pataMgA se paramAtmA meM apane ko sarvathA samarpaNa kA, bhaure se puSpasugandha kI taraha guNa-sugandha lene kA, hAthI se yathAlAbha santoSa kA, madhumakkhI se apane saMgraha ko dUsaroM ke luTA dene kA, mRga se zravaNendriyavaza hokara saMgIta para Asakti na rakhane kA, mIna se rasanendriyavaza hokara khAdya padArtha para Asakti na rakhane kA, piMgalA se dravyalolupatA se dUra rahane kA, cIla se sAMsArika padArthoM kI Asakti choDakara AdhyAtmika gagana meM ur3ane kA, bAlaka se saralatA - nizcalatA kA, kanyA se eka cUr3I hAtha meM rakhane kI taraha ekAkI vicaraNa karane kA, sA~pa se svagRha rahita hokara rahane kA, makar3I se saMsArajAla meM na pha~sane kA, tathA bhaMgI se dhyAna meM prabhu ke sAtha ekatAna hone kA guNa grahaNa kiyA, preraNA aura zikSA lii| vAstava meM samatAyogI meM jaba pramodabhAvanA kA itanA adhika vikAsa ho jAtA hai, to vaha samasta caitanya jagat se kucha na kucha guNa grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| pramodabhAvanA aura guNagrAhI dRSTi kA anyonya sambandha hai / guNagrAhI dRSTi na ho to pramodabhAvanA vAlA acche guNI santoM ke pAsa rahakara bhI kucha grahaNa nahIM kara sakegA, na kucha vikAsa kara skegaa| dhUlazodhaka miTTI meM se sonA nikAla letA hai, kyoMki usakI dRSTi sone para rahatI hai| isI prakAra guNadRSTi vAlA vyakti durguNI vyakti meM se bhI koI na koI guNa nikAla hI letA hai / isaliye bhartRhari kahate hai : paraguNaparamANUn parvatIkRtya nityaM / nijahadi vikasantaH santaH santi kiyantaH ? dUsaroM ke paramANu jitane choTe-se guNa ko pahAr3a - sA bar3A banAkara apane

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ hRdaya meM vikasita karane vAle santa kitane haiM ? lohacumbaka ke pAsa anAja ke dAne, patthara ke Tukar3e, miTTI ke kaNa Adi anya vastue~ par3I hoMgI to vaha unheM apanI ora nahIM khIMcegA, lekina lohe kI koI choTI sI cIja pina yA suI par3I hogI to vaha use apanI ora khIMca legA, apane zarIra se cipakA legaa| yahI bAta guNadRSTisampanna vyakti ke lie smjhie| dUsare vyakti meM krodha ke kITANu, ahaMkAra ke kaMkar3a yA ajJAna ke kaNa hoMge to vaha unameM se eka ko bhI nahIM apanAyegA, apane jIvana se nahIM cipakAyegA, kintu usa vyakti meM yadi jarA-sA bhI koI guNa kA kaNa hogA to vaha use apanA legA, apanI ora khIMcakara use hRdaya se lagA legA / guNagrAhI vyakti kA hRdaya lohacumbaka-sA hotA hai| bhagavadgItA meM bhI spaSTa kahA hai - vidyAvinayasampanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / __ zuni caiva zvapAke ca paNDitAH samadarzinaH // vidyA aura vinaya se sampanna brAhmaNa ho, gAya ho, hAthI ho, kuttA ho, yA cANDAla ho, guNagrAhI paNDita sabake prati samadarzI hote haiN| jainadharma ke prasiddha graMtha 'guNAnurAgakulaka' meM batAyA gayA hai ki "jisa puruSa ke hRdaya meM uttama guNoM se prema rahatA hai, use paramAtmA kI prApti durlabha nahIM hai, apitu sulabha hai / guNAnurAgI puruSa dhanya hai, use kRtapuNya samajhanA caahie|" manuSya kitanA hI tapa kare, satsaMga kare, zAstra-svAdhyAya kare, vividha aparigraha kare aura kaSTa saha le, kintu vaha yadi guNAnurAgI nahIM banatA hai to usakA sArA tapa, japa, svAdhyAya, saMyama, satsaMga aura kaSTa sahanA vyartha hai| dUsaroM ke sadguNa dekhakara prasanna na honA, AtmakalyANa ke samupasthita avasara ko khonA hai / AtmakalyANa kI dRSTi se guNa-grahaNa ke avasara ko khonA pyAse AdamI kA panaghaTa se vApasa lauTa jAne ke samAna hai| jisane guNagrAhaka dRSTi apanAkara apane jIvana meM sadguNoM kI rAzi saMcita nahIM kI, usake lie mokSaprApti ke sabhI sAdhana nirarthaka siddha hote haiM / Atma-kalyANa yA samatAyoga ke patha para agrasara hone vAle sAdhakoM ke lie guNAnurAga kI vRtti hI gauravAspada mArga hai| zreyamArga ke pathikoM ke lie

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96 samatvayoga- eka samanavayadRSTi yahI ucita hai ki kisI unnatizIla, guNavAna puruSa ke prati IrSyA-dveSa na rakhate hue sadguNAnurAgI banakara svayaM apane sadguNoM kA vikAsa kare / prazaMsA aura protsAhana ke dvArA mAnavahRdaya jitanA AkarSita aura Andolita hotA hai, utanA aura kisI taraha se nahIM / prazaMsA aura protsAhana kA jAdU saba para asara DAlatA hai / vAnara jAtIya vIra jaba sItA ko DhU~r3hane nikale to samudrataTa para jAkara sabhI himmata hAra baiThe / taba jAmbavantajI ne hanumAnajI ko protsAhita kiyA, unake guNoM kI prazaMsA kI evaM smRti dilaaii| phalata: kucha kSaNa pahale hatAza hokara asamarthoM kI paMkti meM baiThe hue hanumAnajI uTha khar3e hue aura samudra pAra karane kA asambhava-sA kArya kara baitthe| aniyaMtrita zakti ke dhanI zivAjI ko protsAhita kara samartha guru rAmadAsa ne deza evaM dharma kI surakSA meM unakI zakti lagA dI / itihAsa meM camakane vAle aise agaNita ujjvala ratnoM kI unnati kA zreya aise logoM ko hai, jinhoMne unameM suSupta guNoM ko DhU~Dha - parakhakara unheM bar3hAvA diyA aura sAdhAraNa mAnava se mahAn puruSa banAyA / bha. mahAvIra ne cANDAla, pApI, viSadhara sarpa tathA patita kahalAne vAle aneka logoM ko unameM nihita guNoM ko jagAne ke lie protsAhana dekara sajjana evaM sAdhupuruSa banA diyA / paira kI jUtI mAnI jAne vAlI nArI jAti ko AtmotthAna ke patha para khar3A kara diyA / narendra jaise uddhata yuvaka ko parakhakara zrIrAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ne use prasiddha saMta vivekAnanda banA diyaa| zrIrAma ke protsAhana se vAnara jAtIya ke sAmAnya vyakti laMkAvijaya meM samartha hue| karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke protsAhana se mohAviSTa vIra arjuna anAsaktipUrvaka apane kartavya pAlana meM zakti lagA sake, sAdhAraNa gvAla bAloM ne giri govardhana ko uThAne meM sahayoga diyA / harijanoM meM nihita sadguNoM evaM vizeSatAoM kA unheM bhAna karAkara samadarzI mahAtmA gA~dhI ne unheM protsAhana dekara uccastarIya mAnava banA diyA / purANa meM eka kathA hai - vizvAmitra maharSi vasiSTha ke putroM kA badha karane ke bAda chipakara yaha sunane lage ki dekheM, vasiSTha kyA kahate haiM ? vasiSTha apanI dharmapatnI ke zoka ko zAnta karate hue kaha rahe the - "vizvAmitra bar3e tapasvI haiN| yaha duSkarma to ve kisI Aveza meM kara baiThe haiN| hameM unake prati badale kI bhAvanA nahIM rakhanI cAhie / unakI zreSThatA kabhI na kabhI nikhregii| unase loka-kalyANa hogA / rAjya tyAga kara tapasyAlIna hone vAle vizvAmitra svabhAva se duSTa nahIM ho skte| yaha aparAdha to unase bhUla se hI ho gayA / " kuTiyA meM chipe vizvAmitra

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97 samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ ne jaba apanI prazaMsA sunI to unake anta:karaNa kA sArA kaluSa dhula gayA / ve vasiSTha RSi ke caraNoM meM girakara apanI bhUla ke lie phUTaphUTakara rone lage / vAstava meM, dUsaroM kA sudhAra karane aura unake doSoM kA unmUlana karane meM prazaMsA aura protsAhana kA mArga sarvazreSTha hai / / dUsaroM ke avagaNa dekhanA TI.bI., keMsara Adi rogoM kI apekSA bhI bhayaMkara mAnasika roga hai / isa roga se vyakti ke vikAsa ke mUla meM kSayakoTa laga jAtA hai| doSadRSTi se vyakti acche kAma meM lagAye jA sakane vAle samaya ko naSTa karatA vAstava meM paradoSa darzana evaM nindA kI pravRtti jIvana ke utkarSa, vikAsa evaM saphalatA kI ghora virodhI hai| chidrAnveSI vyakti dUsaroM kI nindA meM vizeSa ruci letA hai| use saMsAra meM kurUpatA ke sivAya aura kucha najara hI nahIM AtA / saMsAra ke sabhI manuSya use duSTa, durAcArI dikhAI dete haiM / sArI duniyA use burAiyoM se bharI huI, apane prati zatrutA rakhane vAlI dikhAI detI hai| manovijJAna kA yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki vyakti jaisA cintana-manana karatA hai, jisa bAta ko bAra-bAra socatA, mAnatA aura kahatA-karatA hai, yA jisameM ruci rakhatA hai, vahI bAta manaHzakti kI kriyAzIlatA kA kSetra bana jAne se, vaisI hI vRtti-pravRttiyoM kA eka svabhAvacitra usake mana meM bana jAtA hai aura vahI dhIredhIre vyakti kI antazcetanA para chA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki doSadarzI dUsare ke jisa doSa kA cintana karatA hai, vahI usake jIvana meM, svabhAva meM evaM saMskAroM meM A jAtA hai / phalataH doSadarzI ko vikSobha, azAnti, vyAkulatA aura hatAzA ke alAvA aura koI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / doSadRSTi lekara calane vAlA mAnava guNoM kI apekSA doSoM ko hI khojatA hai / usakI dRSTi guNoM para ThaharatI hI nahIM hai / makkhI ke sAmane eka ora sundara miThAiyA~ rakhI hoM, aura pAsa meM hI viSThA ho to usakI ruci viSThA para baiThane kI hogI / kaue ke sAmane sundara bhojana par3A ho to bhI use chor3akara pAsa meM hI par3e zava para apanI coMca mAregA kyoMki usakI ruci vaisI hI bana gaI hai| isI prakAra doSadarzI mAnava acchAiyoM aura gaNoM se bharA thAla chor3akara burAiyoM kI lAzoM yA viSThA ko kuredane meM hI Ananda mAnatA hai /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi bhAratIya itihAsa meM rAma-rAvaNa yuddha kI kathA prasiddha hai / rAvaNa ke aparAdhoM aura pApoM kA daNDa dene ke lie svayaM rAma laMkA ke raNakSetra meM utara Ae the / idhara rAvaNa apane pApoM para puNya kI muhara lagAne ke lie jItor3a parizrama kara rahA thaa| rAvaNa ko hita kI bAta samajhAne-bujhAne ke bAda bhI jaba vaha nahIM mAnA to nirupAyatA se yaha yuddha huA thA, rAvaNa ke dvArA lAdA gayA thaa| donoM ora ke hajAroM sainika yuddha meM kAma A gaye the, yahA~ taka ki rAvaNa ke pakSa ke meghanAda, kumbhakarNa Adi bar3e-bar3e yoddhA sadA ke lie so gaye, taba rAvaNa kA dila kA~pa uThA / vaha socane ko majabUra huA ki Akhira itanI vizAla senA hote hue bhI merI hAra para hAra hone kA kAraNa kyA hai ? rAvaNa ne yuddha meM hAra kA kAraNa apanI anIti, durAcAra aura ahaMkAra ko nahIM mAnA, usakI doSadRSTi ne isakA kAraNa sItA ko mAnA / usane socA - "sItA ke caraNa hI amaMgala haiM / jahA~ isake caraNa par3e, vahA~ sarvanAza ho gayA / janaka ke yahA~ janmI to becAre pitA ko vana-vana bhaTakanA par3A, vivAhita hokara ayodhyA meM AI to vahA~ dazaratha ke prANa pakherU ur3a gae, aura isake pati ko 14 varSa jaMgaloM meM kaSTa se bitAne par3e aura jabase laMkA meM isake caraNa par3e, taba se pratidina koI na koI azubha samAcAra sunane ko mila rahe haiM / kabhI azokavATikA kA satyAnAza huA, to kabhI akSayakumAra marA / isI ke kAraNa sone kI laMkA rAkha kI DherI ho gaI aura Aja mere donoM vIra yoddhA samApta ho gaye / vastutaH sItA ke caraNa hI sarvanAza ke kAraNa haiN|' yaha hai doSa-dRSTiparAyaNa rAvaNa kA azubha cintana / socanA yaha hai ki sarvanAza kA kAraNa satI-sAdhvI sItA ke caraNa haiM yA rAvaNa kI durAcAra meM phaMsI huI buddhi ? samatAyogI sAdhaka meM jaba pramodabhAvanA sAkAra hotI hai, to vaha guNI puruSoM ke prati apanA sarvasva tana-mana-sAdhana nyochAvara karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya ke vidyArthI umaMga-bhare hRdayoM se cInI paryaTaka huenasAMga ko bhAvabhInI vidAI dene jA rahe the| sindhu nadI ke jala para calatI eka naukA meM vidyArthI aura huenasAMga dharma-carcA kara rahe the / akasmAta bhArI tuphAna aayaa| naukA tIvratA se Dolane lagI / sthira rakhane ke sabhI prayAsa viphala hue / taba nAvikoM ne kahA - "aba bacane kA eka hI upAya hai, ina sArI pustakoM aura mUrtiyoM ko jala meM pheMka diyA jAya to bhAra kama ho jAne se naukA dhIre-dhIre kinAre

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ pahu~ca jaaegii|" huenasAMga ne khar3e hokara zAnti se kahA -- "maiM svayaM jala meM kUda par3atA hai| naukA kA bhAra kama ho jAegA / parantu ina 6597 aprApya granthoM evaM buddha kI lagabhaga 150 dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM ko mata pheMko / mere mana meM isa deha kA itanA mahattva nahIM, jitanA ina saMskAravAna vastuoM kA hai|" sahasA nAlaMdA vizvavidyAlaya ke vidyArthiyoM ke hRdaya meM 'guNiSu pramoda' ke bhAvoM kA prakAza huA / eka vRddha cInI guNavAna paryaTaka yadi ina saMskArI vastuoM ke lie svayaM kA utsarga kara degA to bhAratIya atithi-paramparA kA kyA hogA? eka tejasvI vidyArthI ne hAtha jor3akara abhivAdana karake guNavAna huenasAMga se kahA - "bhadaMta ! Apa bahuta hI vidvAna evaM guNavAna haiM, bhAratabhUmi se Apane jo saMskAra nidhi ekatra kI hai vaha tathA Apa kevala naukA meM bhAra ke kAraNa DUba jAe~ yaha hamAre lie asahya hai|" itanA kahakara vaha vidyArthI sindhu nadI kI athAha jaladhArA meM kUda par3A / usake bAda zeSa sabhI vidyArthI jala meM kUdakara lupta ho gae / / nAvika to isa adbhuta samarpaNa ko phaTI A~khoM se dekhate raha gaye / jIvana-samarpaNa ke lie guNagrAhI bhAratIya logoM kI anokhI puNya prakriyA dekhakara huenasAMga kI A~khoM se bhI azrudhArA bahane lagI / yaha thA-pramodabhAvanA kA sAkAra rUpa /

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samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 3. karuNA-bhAvanA AcArya zrI amitagati ne sAmAyika pATha ke prathama zloka ke tRtIya caraNa meM karuNAbhAvanA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai - 'kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam' bhagavan ! merI AtmA pIr3ita jIvoM para sadaiva karuNAbhAvaparAyaNa banI rhe| samatvayoga kI sAdhanA meM prANImAtra ke prati Atmaupamya-bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / saMsAra ke sabhI prANI jaba apanI AtmA ke tulya dekhe jAte haiM taba svAbhAvika hai ki unake duHkha, unakI pIr3A, vyathA Adi ke dhyAna diyA jAe, unake duHkha dUra karane kA yathAzakya prayatna kiyA jAe / aisI sthiti meM karuNAbhAva bhI Atmaupamya-dRSTi ke hone para hI sampanna ho sakatA hai / karuNA ke binA korI samatA sUkhI mRgatRSNA hI siddha hotI hai / jaisA ki mahAbhArata meM kahA - prANaH yathA''tmano'bhISTA bhUtAnAmapi te tathA / Atmaupamyena bhUteSu dayAM kurvanti sAdhavaH // ' jisa prakAra mujhe apane prANa abhISTa-priya haiM, vaise hI samasta prANiyoM ko bhI priya haiN| isI kAraNa sajjana puruSa Atmaupamya-bhAva se prANi-mAtra para karuNAdayA karate haiN| yaha hai samatvayoga aura karuNA-bhAvanA kA anyonyAzrita sambandha / karuNAbhAvanA samatvayoga kA vizeSa rUpa se paripoSaNa karatI hai| vaise to samasta prANiyoM ke prati samatAyogI sAdhaka kI maitrIbhAvanA rahatI hai, lekina vizeSa rUpa se jo duHkhita, pIr3ita, padadalita, vyathita aura zoSita vyakti haiM, unake prati sahAnubhUti, karuNA, dayA aura sevA kI bhAvanA jagatI hai, taba vaha niHsvArtha evaM niSkAMkSabhAva se una pIr3itoM ko apanA aMga samajhakara unake duHkhanivAraNa kI maMgalabhAvanA karatA hai aura tadanusAra sAttvika prayatna bhI / saMsAra meM sabako sarvatra sukha-zAnti, amanacaina, nIrogatA, dhanasampannatA, 1. mahAbhArata

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 101 suvyavasthA, Adi sabhI prakAra ke sukha hoM, aisA kabhI sambhava nahIM hai / aneka pIr3Ae~, vyathA, kaSTa aura duHkha haiN| kisI ko pArivArika sadasyoM ke kAraNa duHkha haiM to kisI ko sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika anyAya Adi ke kAraNa duHkha haiM / roga, zoka, viyoga, nirdhanatA, abhAva, avyavasthA Adi aneka duHkha saMsArI jIvoM ko lage hue haiM / samatAyogI sAdhaka ke pAsa hRdaya hai aura vaha samatA ke zikhara para samatvayoga ke mAdhyama se pahu~ca jAnA cAhatA hai, taba apane paripAzvika yA sambandhita samAja yA saMsAra ko duHkhita, pIDita evaM vyathita dekhakara usakA hRdaya sUnA-sUnA par3A rahe, niSkriya aura niSpanda hokara rahe, yaha asvAbhAvika hai| vaha aise duHkhArtoM ke svara aura vilApa ko sunakara hRdaya pASANa-sA kaThora banAkara par3A rahe, kucha bhI cintana na kare yaha asambhava-sA hai isIlie AcAryazrI amitagati ne samatAyogI sAdhaka ko aisI paristhiti meM una daHkhita pIDitoM ke prati hamadarda hokara sahadayatApUrvaka karuNArdra honA anivArya karttavya batAyA hai / ... jo vyakti duHkhita, pIr3ita evaM Arta ko bilakhate, vilApa karate yA zoka karate dekhakara cupacApa rahate haiM, jinake hRdaya meM koI saMvedanA nahIM hotI, anukampA bhAva paidA nahIM hotA, samajhanA cAhie usakI AtmA kA vikAsa, Atmaupamya sAdhanA kA dvAra vahIM avaruddha ho jAtA hai, hRdayahInatA unheM ghera letI hai / anukampA ko, jo ki karuNA kA hI aMga hai, samyaktva (samyagdarzana) kA eka cinha batAyA gayA hai| agara kisI vyakti ke hRdaya meM duHkhita-pIr3ita ko dekhakara anukampA (karuNA) paidA nahIM hotI to samajhA jAtA hai ki usameM abhI samyagdarzana nahIM AyA hai| vyakti meM samyagdarzana kI dhar3akana ko jAnane meM anukampA bhI eka nimitta hai, eka tharmAmITara agara duHkhita- pIr3ita ko dekhakara hRdaya karuNArdra nahIM hotA to usa sAdhaka meM karuNA hI nahIM hai / karuNA kA vizada artha 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM isI kA samarthana karatA hai : ___ "zArIra mAnasaM svAbhAvikaM ca duHkhamasamApnuvato dRSTvA-hA varAkA mithyAdarzanenAviratyA kaSAyeNA'zubhena yogena ca samupArjitAzubhakarmaparyAyapudgalaskandha-tadupodbhavA vipado vivazAH prApnuvantIti karuNA, anukampA / " zArIrika, mAnasika aura svAbhAvika aise asahya duHkha prANiyoM ko pAte

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102 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi dekha-'ahaha ! becAre ina dIna prANiyoM ne mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura azubhayoga se jo karma bA~dhe the, unhIM azubhakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa paidA hue duHkha ye bhoga rahe haiM, ye zIghra hI duHkhoM se chUTeM,' isa prakAra karuNAI honA, karuNA hai, anukampA hai| eka AcArya ne to karuNA ko jIva kA svabhAva yAnI svAbhAvika guNa batAyA hai| isalie jahA~ mAnavatA, samyaktva yA samatAsAdhanA hogI vahA~ karuNA kA rahanA anivArya hai, bhale hI vaha dayA, anukampA, rakSA, kRpA, sahAnubhUti yA sahadayatA Adi meM se kisI bhI rUpa meM ho / ye saba eka yA dUsare prakAra se karuNA ke hI aMga yA rUpa haiN| karuNA dharmavRkSa kA mUla hai| agara karuNA nahIM hai to dharmavRkSa kI jar3a hI ukhar3a gaI hai| kahA bhI hai - yeSAM jinopadezena kAruNyAmRtapUrite / citte jIvadayA nAsti, teSAM dharmaH kuto bhavet / mUlaM dharmatarorAdyA vratAnAM dhAma sampadAm / guNAnAM nidhirityaGgidayA kAryA vivekibhiH // vItarAga prabhu ke upadeza se jina zrAvakoM ka karuNAmRta paripUrNa citta meM prANIdayA (karuNA) prAdurbhUta nahIM hotI, unake jAvana meM dharma kahA~ se ho sakatA hai ? prANIdayA (karuNA) dharma rUpI vRkSa kI jar3a hai| vahI vratoM meM pradhAna hai, sampadAoM kA dhAma hai aura guNoM kI nidhi hai| isalie vivekI (samyagdRSTi sampanna) vyaktiyoM ko prANIdayA(karuNA) avazya karanI cAhie / karuNA kA lakSaNa aSTaka prakaraNa meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - dIneSvArteSu bhIteSu yAcamAneSu jIvitam / upakAraparA buddhiH kAruNyamabhidhIyate // dInoM, pIr3itoM, bhayabhItoM tathA prANoM (jIvana) kI yAcanA karane vAloM para upakAraparAyaNa buddhi honA karuNAbhAva kahalAtA hai / karuNA-bhAvanA kA sAmAnya 1. "karuNAe jIvasahAvassa kammaNidassa virohAdo"- -dhavalA 2. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA, a. 6/37-38 3. AcArya haribhadra, aSTaka prakaraNa

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 103 lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai - 'paraduHkhaprahANecchA karuNA' . dUsaroM ke duHkhoM kA nivAraNa karane kI bhAvanA utpanna honA karuNA hai| vAstava meM karuNA mAnava-antaHkaraNa kI gahana, mauna aura avyakta komalatA kA nAma hai| isameM svArtha aura saMkIrNatA kA kahIM bhI bhAva nahIM hotA / mahAmanA madanamohana mAlavIya kisI atyanta Avazyaka kArya se jA rahe the / sar3aka ke kinAre unheM eka bImAra bur3hiyA karAhatI huI par3I najara AI / unhoMne apanI gAr3I rukavAI aura bur3hiyA ko apanI gAr3I meM biThAkara aspatAla pahuMcAyA / sAthI vakIla ne pUchA - "aise mAmUlI kAma ke lie Apako apanA bahumUlya samaya kyoM naSTa karanA cAhie thA ?" mAlavIyajI ne gambhIratApUrvaka kahA .. "pIr3itoM kI sahAyatA se bar3hakara aura kauna-sA mahattvapUrNa aura Avazyaka kArya ho sakatA hai ?" jaise ki pAzcAtya vidvAna bAyarana (Byron)ne likhA hai - "The drying up a single tear has more of honest fame than shedding seas of gore." "rakta ke samudra girAne ke bajAya pIr3ita kA eka A~sU poMcha kara sukhAnA bar3hakara prAmANika yaza hai|" eka aitihAsika udAharaNa se maiM apanI bAta spaSTa kara detI hU~ - bAta usa jamAne kI hai, jaba yUropa meM dAsa-dAsI prathA pracalita thii| aphrIkI dezoM se dAsa-dAsiyoM ke rUpa meM choTe-choTe bAlaka-bAlikAe~ kharIde jAte aura yUropa meM le jAkara beca diye jAte the| isa vyApAra meM jahA~ nirdaya vyavasAyiyoM ko karor3oM rUpayoM kA munAphA hotA, vahA~ kharIde hue dAsoM kI utanI hI bhayaMkara durgati hotI / kevala jIvita rakhane bhara ke lie unheM anna aura phaTepurAne kapar3e diye jAte, badale meM unase adhikAdhika kAma liyA jAtA tathA tarahataraha se yAtanAe~ bhI dI jAtI thIM / ina duHkhita- pIr3itoM kI yaha dazA dekhakara jona hviTale nAmaka amerikI mahilA kA dila karuNA se bhara aayaa| usane dayArdra hokara isa amAnavIya kRtya

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104 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi kA anta karane kI ThAna lI / jaise hI 'senegala' se aphrIkI lar3akiyoM kA jahAja bharakara AyA, karuNApUrNa hRdaya ke phalasvarUpa jona hiTale ne apanI sArI sampatti lagAkara pUrA jahAja hI kharIda liyA / una lar3akiyoM se dAsa-dAsI kA kAma karAne kI apekSA usane unheM likhanA, par3hanA aura dastakArI kA kAma sikhAnA prArambha kara diyaa| dAsoM ke sAtha jona hviTale kA isa taraha kA mAnavIya vyavahAra dekhakara amerikI gore cir3ha gaye aura ve jona hiTale kI jAna ke gAhaka bana gye| unhoMne jona ko aisA na karane ko kahA to usa karuNAmUrti ne uttara diyA maiM nArI hU~ aura unakI Antarika pavitratA, hArdika vatsalatA ko acchI taraha jAnatI huuN| nArI phira vaha cAhe jisa deza kI ho, utpIr3ita, duHkhita aura vyathita dekhI nahIM jA sktii| Apa loga kucha bhI kareM / maiM nArI kA tiraskAra nahIM hone dUMgI; varanA inheM jIvana kI naI dizA dene ke lie cAhe jitanI yAtanAe~ saha lU~gI, apamAnita ho jAU~gI; maiM apane hRdaya meM prAdurbhUta karuNA ko sAkAra banAkara hI rahU~gI / goroM ne usa mahAna nArI ko tarahataraha se satAyA, para vaha apane patha se jarA bhI vicalita na huI / vaha ina lakar3iyoM ko zikSita karane meM lagI rahI / inhIM lar3akiyoM meM se 'philipa' nAma kI eka lar3akI ne dAsa-prathA ke viruddha Andolana cher3a diyA / usane aise praur3ha aura prakhara yuktiyukta vicAra prastuta kiye ki amerikA ke vicArakoM kA hRdaya pasIja uThA / dUsarI ora, sAre aphrIkI nIgro isa amAnavIya prathA ke viruddha balidAna taka dene ko taiyAra ho gye| anta meM jArja vAziMgTana svayaM mAnavIya samatA ke ina vicAroM se prabhAvita huA / usane nIgro logoM ko bhI mAnavIya adhikAra dene kA nizcaya kara liyaa| parantu 'philipa' anta taka isa saphalatA kA zreya jona hiTale ke karuNAprerita tyAga ko detI rhii| vAstava meM, karuNA eka divyaguNa hai, AtmA kA prakAza hai / nirmala bhAvanAoM meM karuNAbhAvanA sarvotkRSTa hai / karuNAbhAvanA kA hRdaya meM prAdurbhAva hote hI aMtara se abhimAna, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada Adi durbhAva arthAt mAnasika mala samApta ho jAte haiN| manuSya kA hRdaya-darpaNa apanI divya AbhA se camaka uThatA hai, jisameM vaha vizuddha AtmarUpa paramAtmA ke darzana kara sakatA hai| saccI karuNA sImita nahIM, vaha to vizvavyApI hai / kSamatAniSTha sAdhaka

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra - zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 105 Atmaupamya kI bhAvanA lekara jaba calatA hai, taba usake samakSa strI-puruSa, kAlAgorA, svadezI-paradezI, svajAtIya- parajAtIya, svasampradAyI - parasampradAyI, svarASTrIyapararASTrIya, svaprAntIya - paraprAntIya Adi kisI prakAra kA koI bhedabhAva nahIM rahatA / usakI karuNAdhArA sabhI ke lie samAnarUpa se bahatI hai / 'udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' mUlamaMtra ko lekara calane vAle samatAyogI ke hRdaya ke dvAra apane-parAye kA bhedabhAva nahIM karate, svatvamoha use chU nahIM sktaa| aise karuNAzIla sAdhaka to apane virodhI mAne jAne vAle ko bhI vipatti meM dekhakara karuNArdra ho uThate haiM aura usakI sahAyatA ke lie daur3a par3ate haiM / jisake hRdaya meM saccI karuNA hai, vaha dUsaroM ko apane kuTumbIjana kI taraha pyAra, AtmIyatA aura bandhutA kI dRSTi se hI dekhegaa| karuNA ke bhAvAtmaka rUpa ko vyakta karate hue hviTamena ne eka jagaha likhA thA "mujhe kisI pIr3ita manuSya se yaha pUchane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI ki vaha apane meM kyA anubhava kara rahA hai yA use kaisA laga rahA hai ? balki maiM svayaM usI kI bhA~ti pIr3ita ho uThatA hU~ aura usakI vedanA ko apane andara mahasUsa karane lagatA hU~ / " - dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saccI karuNA badalA nahIM cAhatI / yadi Apane kisI rogagrasta, kSudhApIr3ita, yA kisI abhAva yA duHkha se pIr3ita evaM vyathita ke prati karuNArdra hokara sahAyatA kI, usakA duHkha nivAraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA to isase Apako badale meM AtmasantoSa, yA prasannatA milii| Apane use apanI sevA se AtmIya banA liyA, athavA usameM ajJAnavaza praviSTa durvyasanoM kA tyAga karA diyA, itanA puNyalAbha Apako milA, yahI kyA kama hai ? isake atirikta ApameM Atmaupamya siddhAnta kA pAlana karane kI zakti prApta huI, tathaiva AtmA meM karuNAguNa kA vikAsa huA, yaha lAbha kyA kama hai ? isa para bhI yadi Apa pIr3ita aura duHkhita se pratidAna cAheM to yaha saudebAjI hogI, karuNA ke vAstavika phala ko apane hAthoM se kho denA hogA / sahAnubhUti karuNA kI bahana haiN| vaha jIvana kI mahatI bhAvanAzakti hai, jo komalatA, saralatA aura AtmAnubhUti ke adhyAtma lakSya taka AsAnI se pahu~cA detI hai / sahAnubhUti kA nirmANa saMvedanA, dayA, prema, karuNA Adi hRdayastha bhAvoM ke sammizraNa se hotA hai / yaha guNa mAnavatA kA eka vizeSa lakSaNa rUpa hai| dUsare kI vedanA ko anubhava kara sakanA, duHkha se karuNArdra ho jAnA mAnavabhAvanA ke hI

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106 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi adhikAra meM hai, anya prANiyoM meM yaha vizeSatA nahIM pAI jAtI / pazu dUsare kA darda kadAcit hI anubhava kara pAtA hai, para manuSya dUsare ke darda ko dekha hamadarda banatA hai| sahAnubhUti se hI vyaktitva meM pUrNatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isI ke AdhAra para manuSya nijAtmA meM vizvAtmA kA pratIka bana jAtA hai, dUsaroM ke hRdaya kI bAta sunane-jAnane laga jAtA hai / sahAnubhUti yA hamadardI aisA guNa hai, jo vikAsa evaM sArthakatA pAkara manuSya ko devatva hI nahIM, bhagavattva taka pahu~cA detA hai| sahAnubhUti kI uSmA patthara-hRdaya ko bhI pighalAkara moma banA detI hai| usakI zItala aura manoraMjaka lahareM duHkhI AtmAoM meM prasannatA aura navajIvana kA saMcAra kara detI hai| prasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAn bAlajAka ne likhA hai - "sahAnubhUti vyakti ko garIboM va pIr3itoM ke prati khIMcatI hai| unakI bhUkha tathA pIr3A kA anubhava use ho jAtA hai| sahAnubhUti kA ArdrabhAva anubhava ko tadrUpa banA detA hai / dIna-duHkhI ko jaba taka dekhatA hai usa samaya taka vaha svayaM bhI dIna-duHkhI banA rahatA hai / kisI kI sevA-sahAyatA meM kiyA huA apanA kArya vaha paramAtmA kI upAsanA meM kiyA karttavya hI mAnatA aura anubhava karatA hai| prANImAtra se isa prakAra kI ekAtmatA, adhyAtma (samatA) yoga kI vaha koTi hai jo bar3I-bar3I tapasyA, sAdhanA, japa, yA upavAsase bhI kaThinatApUrvaka upalabdha ho sakatI hai|" sahAnubhUti ke vikAsa ke sAtha cAra anya sadguNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai - (1) dayAbhAva, (2) bhadratA, (3) udAratA aura (4) antardRSTi / mAnava ke prati prema, karuNA aura sahAnubhUti meM pAraMgata albarTa svAitjara se kisI ne pUchA -- 'saMsAra meM bhISaNa duHkha aura kaSTa haiM, isa sambandha meM Apake kyA vicAra hai ?' isa para unhoMne ha~sakara uttara diyA - "dharatI para kadAcit varSA na ho, pAnI kI eka bUMda bhI na rahe, to bhI manuSya ke hRdaya meM jaba taka karuNA kI jhalaka hai, A~khoM meM dayA kI camaka hai, mukha para prema kI bhASA hai, mana meM madAnaprati kI taraMga hai taba taka dharatI kabhI baMjara ho hI nahIM sktii|"

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 107 4. mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA samatAyoga ko paripuSTa karane vAlI caturtha bhAvanA hai ... maadhysthy-bhaavnaa| AcArya zrI amitagati ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai ... "mAdhyasthyabhAvaM viparItavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu, deva !" 'hai jinendradeva ! jo jIva dharma se viparIta AcaraNa karane vAle haiM; pApI duSTa aura zatruvRtti vAle hai; unake prati sadA merI AtmA rAga-dveSarahita mAdhyasthya bhAva dhAraNa kare / ' prazna hotA hai, samatva yoga kA mAdhyasthya bhAva ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai? mAdhyasthya- bhAvanA samatvayoga meM kyA vizeSatA paidA karatI hai ? gaharAI meM utarakara dekhA jAe to mAdhyasthya aura samatA donoM abhinna haiM; mAdhyasthya kAraNa hai, samatA kArya hai| mAdhyasthya-bhAva hRdaya meM utpanna hotA hai, tabhI samatva sArthaka hotA hai| AcAryoM ne mAdhyasthya, samatA, upekSA, vairAgya, sAmya, aspRhatA, vItarAgatA Adi ekArthavAcaka zabda mAne haiN| AcArya malayagiri ne madhyastha kA artha karate hue kahA "madhyasthaH samaH ya AtmAnamiva paraM pazyati / " madhyastha kA artha sama hai, rAga aura dveSa se rahita, vaha apanI AtmA kI taraha hI dUsaroM ko dekhatA hai / madhyastha kA bhAva yA kriyA mAdhyasthya hai| aura sAmAyika (samatAyoga) kA bhI yahI lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai - rAga-dveSa se sarvathA taTastha rahanA sama hai, samatva kI prApti kI kriyA sAmAyika hai / dIrghadRSTi se dekhA jAe to sAmya aura mAdhyasthya meM koI khAsa antara nahIM hai| mAdhyasthya-bhAva rUpI jala na ho to samatA sUkhI nadI ke samAna ho jAtI hai| samatva ke dIpaka ko prajvalita rakhate hue mAdhyasthya ko yaha nirNaya karanA par3atA hai ki yaha vyakti agara nahIM mAnatA hai to bhI isake prati na upekSA rakhI jAe, na usakI prazaMsA kI jAe, na nindA, na use bar3hAva diyA jAe, na use badanAma karake girAyA jAe / yaha vivekapUrvaka nirNaya karanA mAdhyasthya kA kArya hai| isalie mAdhyasthya-bhAva ko maiM samatAyoga ke mastiSka kI bhUmikA adA karanevAlA kahatI

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108 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi 'tattvArtharAjavArtika aura sarvArthasiddhi' meM mAdhyasthya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai - 'rAgadveSapUrvakapakSapAtAbhAvo mAdhyasthyam' 'kisI ke prati rAga-dveSa-pUrvaka pakSapAta na karanA mAdhyasthya bhAva hai|" jo vyakti apane dvArA manAye jAne para bhI viparIta bhAvanA ko nahIM chor3ate, jAnabUjhakara virodha karate rahate haiM, Ter3he-Ter3he rahate haiM, badanAma karane kI ceSTA karate haiM, apane prati durbhAvanA, dveSa, vaira, nindA, ghRNA Adi karate rahate haiM, unake prati rAgadveSarahita madhyastha dRSTi rakhanA mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA hai| isIlie vyavahArasUtra kI TIkA meM madhyastha kA artha kiyA hai - "madhye rAga-dveSayorantarAle tiSTatIti madhyasthaH sarvatrArAgadviSTe / " . jo rAga aura dveSa ke madhya meM rahatA hai, vaha madhyastha hai, yAnI vaha sarvatra rAga aura dveSa se alipta rahatA hai / isa prakAra ke madhyastha ke bhAva ko mAdhyastha kahate haiM / Avazyaka-sUtra meM samasta prANiyoM para samacitta ko madhyastha kahA hai|' isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue eka AcArya kahate haiM : 'atyutkaTarAga-dveSAvikalatayA samacetaso madhyasthAH jo atyanta utkaTa rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara samacitta rahate haiM, ve madhyastha . isakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jo apane se dveSa rakhate haiM, doSadarzI haiM, virodhI haiM, asahamata hai, una para bhI dveSa na rakhanA - unake prati upekSAbhAva, udAsInatA yA taTasthatA rakhanA mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA hai| .. eka AcArya ne mAdhyastha kA artha maunazIla-kiyA hai / eka samabhAvI vyakti hai, vaha kisI ke doSoM ko jAnatA hai, phira bhI unheM grahaNa nahIM karatA, apane dimAga meM praveza nahIM karane detA kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki agara isake doSoM kA isa prakAra se bhaNDAphor3a kiyA jAegA to saMbhava hai, janatA usake viruddha hokara use 1. sarveSu sattveSu samacitte - prava. 65 dvAra / 2. madhyastho maunazIlaH; svapratItAnapi kasyApi doSAnna gRhNAti, tadgrarahaNAddhi prabhUtalokavirodhitayA dharmakSatisambhavAt /

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 109 mAre-pITe, prANahAni kara de yA anya hAni pahu~cAe, vaha bhI dharmavirodhI banakara udaNDatA dhAraNa kara le / isalie madhyastha sAdhaka maunAlambana hI zreyaskara samajhatA hai| madhyastha vyakti meM kisI bAta yA vyakti ke rAga-dveSa-yukta pakSapAta yA jhUThA pUrvAgraha nahIM hotA, isalie vaha pakSapAta, pUrvAgraha, durAgraha Adi se Upara uThakara samabhAvapUrvaka pratyeka vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA vicAra kara sakatA hai| kahA bhI uvasamasAraviyAro vAhijjai neva rAgadosehiM / majjhattho hiyakAmI asaggahaM savvahA cayai // jisake krodhAdi yA rAgadveSamohAdi vikAra upazAnta ho gaye haiM, vaha sarvahitaiSI madhyasthasAdhaka rAgadveSoM ke pravAha meM nahIM bahatA, aura asadAgraha (durAgraha yA pUrvAgraha) ko sarvathA chor3a detA hai / aise hI madhyastha sAdhaka ke bhAvoM ko mAdhyasthya kahA jAtA hai| samatAyogI sAdhaka ko bahuta-sI bAra durjana, duSTa, virodhI yA dveSI AdamI yA pratikUla tattva bhI mila jAte haiM / usa samaya unake prati mAdhyasthya bhAvanA use rakhanI cAhie / na to aise vyaktiyoM ke prati rAga, moha yA Asakti rakhanI cAhie aura na hI aise vyaktiyoM ke prati dveSa, roSa, ghRNA. yA vaira-virodha mana meM Ane denA caahie| aSTaka (16)meM mAdhyasthya bhAva kI sArthakatA batAte hue kahA hai - sthIyatAmanupAlambhaM madhyasthenAntara''tmanA / kutarkakarkarakSepaistyajyatAM bAlacApalam // madhyastha vyakti ko apanI antarAtmA se virodhI yA pratikUla tattvoM athavA vyaktiyoM ko kosanA yA upAlambha denA-choDakara anupAlambha (samabhAvI) sthiti meM rahanA cAhie / aise logoM ke prati kutarko ke kaMkara pheMkane kI bAlaceSTAe~ bhI chor3a denI caahie| mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA kA hRdaya yahI hai ki samabhAvI sAdhaka ko yahI mAnakara calanA cAhie ki sabhI prANI apane-apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra zubhAzubha saMskAroM ke cakkara meM haiM / jaba taka unake jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya evaM mohanIya karmoM kA kSaya yA kSayopazama nahIM hotA, bhavasthiti kA paripAka nahIM hotA hai, taba

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110 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi taka ve samyagjJAna kI bAtoM ko grahaNa karane ke lie taiyAra hI kaise ho sakate haiM ? samabhAvI AcArya haribhadrasUri ke parAmarza ke anusAra samatAyogI sAdhaka ko usa samaya aisA cintana karanA cAhie / svasvakarmakRtAvezAH svasvakarmabhujo narAH / na rAgaM, nApi ca dveSaM, madhyasthasteSu gacchati // sabhI manuSya apane-apane zubhAzubha karmakRta saMskAroM ke kAraNa apaneapane karmoM kA phala bhogate haiM / isalie jo vyakti anurAgI banakara samatAyogI kI bAta sunate hoM, unake prati rAga aura jo na sunate hoM, unake prati virodha aura jo dveSa rakhate hoM, unake prati dveSa na rakhanA cAhie - sAdhaka ko madhyastha rahanA caahie| madhyastha kA kArya rAga-dveSa rahita hokara haMsa kI taraha nIra-kSIra viveka karanA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI yaha sUkti madhyastha ke mana meM aMkita ho jAtI hai svAgamaM rAgamAtreNa dveSamAtrAt parAgamam / na zrayAmastyajAmo vA kintu madhyasthayA dRzA / pakSapAto na meM vIre, na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaM parigrahaH // hama na to apane mAne hue zAstra ko rAgamAtra(svatvamoha)vaza pakar3eMge, aura na hI dUsaroM ke mAne jAne vAle zAstra ko dveSamAtra (ghRNA yA pUrvAgrahavaza) se prerita hokara chor3eMge, kintu rAga-dveSa rahita hokara madhyastha dRSTi se viveka karake hI kisI zAstra kA yA zAstra ke amuka vAkya kA grahaNa yA tyAga kreNge| mAdhyasthya guNa kI sArthakatA batAte hue eka AcArya kahate haiM : rAgakAraNasamprApte na bhaved rAgayugmanaH / dveSahetI na ca dveSastasmAn mAdhyasthyaguNaH smRtaH // rAga (moha yA Asakti) kA kAraNa prApta hone para jisakA mana rAgayukta nahIM hotA aura dveSa (ghRNA, IrSyA, vairavirodha, roSAdi) kA kAraNa prApta hone para jise dveSa nahIM hotA, arthAt rAga aura dveSa donoM meM madhyastha kA mana taTastha hone se usake guNa

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 111 ko mAdhyasthya guNa kahA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki cAhe kisI vyakti ke nimitta se rAga athavA dveSa kA kAraNa samupasthita ho, cAhe kisI vastu ke nimitta se ho, donoM hI avasthAoM meM samabhAva kI dehalI para sthita rahane meM hI mAdhyasthya bhAvanA kI sArthakatA hai| eka bAra kisI upadravI ne patthara pheMkakara mArA, vaha nIgronetA DA. mArTina lUthara kiMga ke mAthe para lgaa| mAthA phaTa gyaa| rakta bahane lgaa| ghAva dhokara thor3I davA lagAI aura Aphisa meM jAkara kAma karane lge| na kisI ko bhalA-burA kahA, na kisI ke prati roSa kiyaa| eka patrakAra ne unase pUchA - 'zrImAnajI ! Apa jAnate the ki upadravI hiMsaka rUpa dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, phira Apa udhara gae hI kyoM ? kyA Apako saMkaTa se hI pyAra hai ?' nIgronetA ne kahA - "maiM cAhatA hU~ ki logoM kA sArA dveSa mujha se TakarAe aura merA mana samatA ke amRta meM DUbakI lagAtA rahe, maiM mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA meM TikA rahU~ / sArA saMsAra nirmala ho jAe / isalie kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karane meM mujhe koI raMja nahIM hai / " yaha hai, mAdhyasthya kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha / svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kI dharmapatnI zAradAmaNi kAlImAtA kI pratimA kA zRMgAra--alaMkAra atyanta bhaktipUrvaka kiyA karatI thIM / isa kArya meM anya mahilAe~ bhI prasannatApUrvaka sahAyatA karatI thiiN| eka mahilA aisI thI, jo tathAkathita samAja meM kula aura zIla kI dRSTi se nIcI mAnI jAtI thii| ataH eka kulIna mahilA ne eka dina mAtA zAradAmaNi se kahA -- "amuka strI nIca kula kI evaM cAritrabhraSTa hai, use Apa kAlI mAM kI pratimA chUne na diyA kareM / use mandira ke bAhara hI rakhA kareM / " ___ zAradAmaNi yaha saba jAnatI thI phira bhI unhoMne kabhI usa mahilA ko alaMkAra vidhi se rokA nahIM / sambhrAMta mahilAoM kI taraha hI Adara dekara use ve premapUrvaka bhAga lene detI thIM / isalie zAradAmaNi ne usa zikAyata karane vAlI mahilA se kahA - "beTI ! gaMgA meM sabhI snAna karate haiM, unameM kaI maile aura gaMde bhI hote haiM, para isase na to gaMgA kI pavitratA naSTa hotI hai, na hI mahimA ghaTatI hai| jo giratA hai, vaha apane hI pApoM se giratA hai| sparza kisI ko girA nahIM sktaa|

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112 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi phira pApanAzinI mAtA kI pAvanaprabhA usa mahilA ke sparza se kaise malina ho jAegI ?" kahane vAlI mahilA ko turanta apanI bhUla samajha meM A gaI / usane mAtA zAradAmaNi se apanI bhUla ke lie kSamA mA~gI aura unake udAra vicAra apanA lie / madhyastha vyakti ko bhI amuka jAti-dharma-sampradAya Adi kA hone se kisI ko hIna, nIca evaM pApI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka jIvanasUtra diyA ki ghRNA yA dveSa pApa se karo pApI se nahIM / Aja kA burA, patita, pApI aura duSTa, kala bhalA bana sakatA hai| isake agaNita udAharaNa itihAsa ke pRSThoM para aMkita haiM / baMkacUla, arjunamAlI, cilAtIputra cora, rohiNeya cora Adi jaina itihAsa ke tathA aMgulimAla, ambapAlI Adi bauddha itihAsa ke tathA ajAmila, vAlmIki, bilvamaMgala Adi vaidika itihAsa ke udAharaNa prasiddha haiM / agara inake duzcaritra ko dekhakara inase ghRNA kI jAtI, dveSa aura durbhAva rakhA jAtA to inake jIvana kA Azcaryajanaka sudhAra yA parivartana na hotA / ye loga apane jIvana kI pUrvabhUmikA meM jitane nikRSTa, bhayaMkara aura nindanIya the, uttarabhUmikA meM utane hI abhinandanIya aura vandanIya hue / gandagI lagA haA bartana bhI jaba mA~ja-dhokara zuddha kiyA jA sakatA hai taba burA vyakti bhI sudhArane para zreSTha aura sammAnanIya kyoM nahIM bana sakatA? aisI dazA meM kisI vyakti ke prati ghRNA aura dveSa rakhanA kyoM kara ucita ho sakatA hai ? manuSya kI AtmA meM paramAtmA kI chAyA hai, vaha mUlataH pavitra hai| usakA sarjana jina puNyatattvoM ke kAraNa huA hai, ve uccatara haiM / isalie samatvayogI ko mAdhyasthya-bhAva ko jIvana meM pratiSThita karane ke lie manuSya ke antaraMga vizuddha Atmatattva kI ora dhyAna denA cAhie usake prati AsthA rakhanI cAhie / duSTatA kA pratirodha duSTatA se hI ho, yaha samatA siddhAnta ke viruddha hai| mahAtmA gA~dhI ne ahiMsA aura samatA ke siddhAnta ke zastra prabala pratipakSiyoM para calAkara unheM parAsta karake ahiMsaka yuddha kA anupama udAharaNa mAnavajAti ke samakSa prastuta karake sAre vizva ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA hai / yahI zastra madhyastha-bhAva kA dhanI vyakti kumArgagAmiyoM, pratipakSiyoM aura duzcaritra vyaktiyoM ke prati calA sakatA hai| parantu eka varga aisA bhI hai, jo isase bhI ugra, atidRSTa, atipApI, duHsAhasI aura bhautika zakti kA dhanI hotA hai / vaha mAdhyasthya bhAvanAzIla sAdhaka

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra-zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ 113 ke dvArA kiye jAte AtmIyabhAva, prema, vAtsalya evaM guNagrAhI vyavahAra ko bilakula nahIM samajhatA aura lagAtAra dveSa aura durbhAvanAvaza mAdhyasthya bhAvanAzIla ke prati prahAra, kSati Adi karatA hI calA jAtA hai / sAmAnya sAdhaka kA to usake sAmane TikanA bhI kaThina ho jAtA hai| aise logoM se nipaTane kA eka hI rAstA hai - mauna, upekSA, udAsInatA aura taTasthatA dhAraNa karanA / kintu sAtha hI dhyAna rahe ki aise logoM ke prati rAga-dveSa yA vaira virodha evaM ghRNA kI bhAvanA rattIbhara bhI nahIM rahanI caahie| (sa) upAsanA samatvayoga ko paripuSTa, saMvardhita evaM protsAhita karane ke lie aise mahAn puruSoM kI upAsanA karanA Avazyaka hai, jo samatA ke ucca zikhara para ArUDha hoM vItarAga hoM / vItarAga, samatA-ziromaNi, mukta paramAtmA ko apane antaHkaraNa meM virAjamAna karake unake samatAparipoSaka guNoM kA gaharAI se cintana karake unakI upAsanA karane se hI samatA kI pariNati pratipala TikI raha sakatI hai, AtmabhAvoM meM sthiratA yA mukta paramAtmA ke guNoM meM lInatA bhI tabhI raha sakatI hai aura samatA kA dIpaka hRdaya-mandira meM tabhI prajvalita raha sakatA hai / Atmika pragati ke lie upAsanA Avazyaka evaM anivArya mAdhyama hai| upAsanA meM samatva zikharArUr3ha paramAtmA ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka dRSTi meM samIpatA, tAdAtmya evaM ananyaniSThA yA ananyazraddhA honI Avazyaka hai| upAsanA meM paramAtmA se bhAvAtmaka samIpatA ke lie tIna bAtoM kA nirdeza mahAmanISI AcAryoM ne kiyA hai - japa, arcA evaM dhyAna / yadi upAsanA meM zraddhA kA abhisiMcana aura vizvAsa kA bala nahIM hogA to korI kriyAoM kA utanA hI phala milegA, jitanA ki utane samaya taka kiye gaye halake-phulake zArIrika zrama kaa| upAsanA kA tAtparya hai - pratidina samatAmUrti paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA ke lie kucha samaya sunizcita rUpa se nirdhArita rakhanA / isa AdhAra para AstikatA evaM AsthA kI nIMva antaHkaraNa meM paripakva aura sudRr3ha ho jAtI hai| utkRSTatA evaM anantatA kI pratimUrti paramAtmA haiM / unakI ananta zakti, ananta jJAna, ananta darzana evaM ananta sukha para vizvAsa rakhakara unake sAtha ghaniSThatA sthApita karane se samatAyogI sAdhaka kA AtmanirmANa, Atmazodhana, Atmanizcaya evaM

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114 samatvayoga-eka samanavayadRSTi AtmavikAsa hotA hai| samatvayoga meM upAsanA se paramAtmA ke sAtha AtmA kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA ho jAtI hai, jisase paramAtmA se sambaddha hokara vaha prakAzamAna rahatI hai| paramAtmA ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka ekatA, zraddhA, niSThA evaM samIpatA jitanI spaSTa evaM tIvra hogI, usI anupAta meM upAsanA mukhara hogI aura pratiphala utanA hI utsAhavarddhaka hogaa| ataH upAsanA ke dvArA paramAtmA kA sAnnidhya prApta karake samatAyoga meM avicala, nizcinta, sotsAha, ni:zaMka evaM nirvighna hokara pragati kI jAe / paramAtmA kI upAsanA meM samatAyogI sAdhaka ko anirvacanIya Ananda AnA caahie| upAsaka ke mana meM yaha sudRr3ha AsthA jamI honI cAhie ki paramAtmA usake cAroM ora vyApta hai, usakI hara gupta gatividhi ko vaha dekha rahe haiN| yaha tathya hRdayaMgama kara lene para sarvaprathama apane jJAna-darzana-cAritra meM AtmA aura mana kA pariSkAra karane kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai / isa prakAra nirmala, niSpApa hone para AtmA paramAtmA se mitratA karane yogya ho jAtI hai| sAmAyika pATha meM Atmazuddhi ke bAda 12veM zloka se lekara 21veM zloka taka samatAyoga meM pragati aura protsAhana ke lie vItarAga paramAtmA kI upAsanA kA krama batAyA gayA hai| (da) sAdhanA upAsanA ke bAda samatvayoga kA caturtha stambha sAdhanA hai / yaha eka bhrAnti hogI ki paramAtmA kI upAsanA karane mAtra se saba pApa kaTa jAyeMge, viSamatAe~ miTa jAyeMgI aura paramAtmA prasanna ho jAyeMge / lekina samatva kI sAdhanA kiye binA AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM hogA / upAsanA ke sAtha sAdhanA kA honA jarUrI hai| donoM AdhyAtmika pragati ke do avicchinna pahalU haiM aura eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM; donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| jitanA mahattva upAsanA kA hai, utanA hI sAdhanA kA hai| samatAyogI ko upAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhanA para bhI dhyAna denA par3atA hai| apanI samyak dRSTi, jJAna aura cAritra ke dvArA samatAyoga ko utkRSTa banAne ke lie, AtmA ko pavitrazuddha, nirdoSa evaM saMyata tathA utkRSTa evaM Adarza banAne ke lie tathA AtmanirmANa, Atmanizcaya aura AtmasamAdhi ko ucca starIya banAne ke lie satata prayatna karanA

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samatvayoga kA AdhAra - zAnta rasa tathA bhAvanAe~ cAhie / isa puruSArtha kA nAma hI samatva -sAdhanA yA AtmasAdhanA hai / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM, samatAyogI bhI samatva kI sAdhanA karatA hai / samatvasAdhanA kA artha hai, apanI AtmA kI sAdhanA yAne apane svabhAva meM sva svarUpa meM ramaNa karane kI sAdhanA / cU~ki 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai 'AyA sAmAie, AyA sAmAiyassa aTThe' AtmA hI sAmAyika hai, AtmA hI sAmAyika (samatAyoga) kA prayojana arthAt uddezya hai / apane Apa meM sthira rahanA hI sAmAyika hai / samatvasAdhanA kA uddezya apane aviveka, phalAkAMkSA, siddhiyoM kA moha, anAcAra - aticAra - ahaMkAra kA nirAkaraNa tathA kAmanAoM evaM dRSTiyoM kA parizodhana karanA hai / 1. niyamasAra meM kahA hai AvAsaM jai icchasi appasahAvesu kuNadi thirabhAvaM / teNa du sAmaNNasubhaM saMpuTTha hodi jIvassa || 147 // 115 vAstava meM samatva-sAdhanA vaha zakti utpanna karatI hai, jisase Atmabala vikasita ho sake aura AtmanirmANa ke patha para calane kI pairoM meM kSamatA raha sake / samatvasAdhanA vaha sAhasa paidA karatI hai, jisake AdhAra para pralobhanoM aura AkarSaNoM ko ThukarAte hue, karttavya kI caTTAna para dRr3hatApUrvaka agrasara rahA jA sake, aura pratyeka vighnabAdhA, kaThinAI aura parISaha kA dhairya aura santulana ke sAtha sAmanA kiyA jA sake | samatvasAdhanA antaHkaraNa meM vaha prakAza utpanna kara detI hai, jisase heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ko tathA svabhAva aura parabhAva ko jAnA jA ske| samatvasAdhanA jitanI saccI aura prakhara hogI, sAdhaka utanA hI mahAna banatA calA jAegA / taba use paramAtmA se kucha mA~ganA nahIM par3egA / vaha svayaM paramAtmA ke nikaTa jA pahu~cegA / samatvayoga ke ye cAra stambha haiM / inheM dRr3hatApUrvaka apanAkara samatvasiddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai I - yadi tU apane Apa meM vAsa cAhatA hai to AtmasvabhAva meM sthiratA kara / isI se jIva kA sAmAyika (samatvaguNa) sampUrNa hotA hai /

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tRtIya adhyAya jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya (jJAna, darzana, cAritra) mokSa kyA hai, yaha eka cirantana prazna hai| yaha prazna lAkhoM varSoM se hotA calA AyA hai ora lAkhoM varSoM taka hotA rhegaa| AtmavAdI darzana ke samakSa do dhruva kendra haiM AtmA aura usakI mukti / mokSa kyA vastu hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM adhyAtmavAdI darzana ghUma-phira kara eka hI bAta aura eka hI svara meM kahate haiM ki mokSa AtmA kI usa vizuddha sthiti kA nAma hai - jahA~ AtmA sarvathA amala evaM dhavala ho jAtA hai| mokSa meM evaM mukti meM jIvana kA visarjana na hokara usake prati mAnava - buddhi meM jo eka prakAra kA mithyA dRSTikoNa hai, usI kA visarjana hotA hai| mithyA dRSTikoNa kA visarjana ho jAnA, sAdhaka jIvana kI eka bahuta bar3I utkrAnti hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra mithyAtva ke sthAna para samyak darzana kA, mithyA jJAna ke sthAna para samyak jJAna kA aura mithyA cAritra ke sthAna para samyak cAritra kA pUrNatayA evaM sarvato bhAvena vikAsa ho jAnA hI mokSa evaM mukti hai| __ aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jisa mukti kI carcA bhArata kA adhyAtmavAdI darzana janmaghuTTI se lekara mRtyuparyanta karatA rahatA hai, jIvana ke kisI bhI kSaNa meM vaha use vismRta nahIM kara sktaa| Akhira usa mukti kA upAya aura sAdhana kyA hai ? kyoMki sAdhaka binA sAdhana ke siddhi ko prApta kaise kara sakatA hai ? bhArata ke adhyAtmavAdI darzana meM kevala mukti ke lakSya ko sthira hI nahIM kiyA gayA, aura kevala yahI nahIM kahA gayA ki mukti eka lakSya hai aura vaha eka Adarza hai, balki, usa lakSya taka pahu~cane aura use prApta karane kA mArga aura upAya bhI batAyA gayA hai| mukti ke Adarza ko batAkara sAdhaka se yaha kabhI nahIM kahA gayA ki vaha kevala tumhAre jIvana kA Adarza hai, para tuma kabhI use prApta nahIM kara skte| kyoMki usakI prApti kA koI amogha sAdhana nahIM hai| isake viparIta use satata eka hI preraNA dI gaI, ki mukti kA Adarza apane meM bahuta U~cA hai, kintu vaha alabhya nahIM hai| tuma use apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA eka dina avazya prApta kara sakate ho| jisa Adarza sAdhya kI siddhi kA sAdhana na ho, vaha sAdhya hI kaisA ! 1. vibhinna paramparAoM meM ratnatraya ___ jaina - darzana ne spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha udghoSaNA kI hai, ki pratyeka sAdhaka ke apane hI hAthoM meM mukti ko adhigata karane kA upAya evaM sAdhana hai| aura vaha sAdhana kyA hai; samyak darzana; samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra / ina tInoM kA samucita rUpa hI mukti kA vAstavika upAya evaM sAdhana hai| tatvArthasUtra' ke prAraMbha meM hI kahA hai samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra mokSa kA mArga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra' me samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa aise caturvidha

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 117 mokSa mArga kA bhI vidhAna hai| jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM kiyA hai aura isa lie paravartI sAhitya meM isI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA - patha kA vidhAna hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra' evaM 'niyamasAra' meM, AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArtha siddhyupAya meM, AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra' meM trividha sAdhanA-patha kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki trividha sAdhanA mArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gama hai ? vastuta: trividha sAdhanA-mArga ke vidhAna meM pUrvavartI RSiyoM evaM AcAryoM kI gahana manovaijJAnika sUjha rahI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gaye haiM - jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa / naitika jIvana kA sAdhya cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| ata: yaha Avazyaka hI thA ki ina tInoM pakSoM ke vikAsa ke lie trividha sAdhanA-patha kA vidhAna kiyA jAya / cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko samyaka banAne ke lie evaM usake sahI vikAsa ke lie samyagdarzana yAzraddhA kI sAdhanA kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| isI prakAra jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke lie jJAna kA aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa ke lie samyak cAritra kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki trividha sAdhanA - patha ke vidhAna ke pIche eka manovaijJAnika dRSTi rahI hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna hai| prAcIna bauddha graMthoM meM isI kA vidhAna adhika hai| vaise buddha ne aSTAMga mArga kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| lekina yaha aSTAMga-mArga bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga meM hI antarbhUta hai| bhagavad gItA meM bhI jJAna, karma aura bhakti ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA - mArga kA ullekha hai| inheM jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi bhagavad gItA meM dhyAnayoga kA bhI ullekha hai| pAzcAtya paramparA meM tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha hote haiM - 1 svayaM ko jAno (Know Thyself), 2. svayaM ko svIkAra karo (Accept Thyself) aura 3. svayaM hI bana jAo (Be Thyself) 119 pAzcAtya cintana ke tIna naitika Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke samakakSa hI hai / AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tattva, AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA tattva aura AtmanirmANa meM cAritra kA tattva svIkRta hI hai| 3. sAikolojI eNDa mAralsa. pR. 180. 1. tattvArthasUtra 111 2. uttarAdhyayana 282

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118 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi ratnatrayI meM AtmA ke samagra adhyAtmaguNoM kA kathana ho jAtA hai / / atIta kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM ne, gaNadharoM ne aura zrutadhara AcAryoM ne isI ratnatrayI ke sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie upadeza diyA hai aura ananta anAgata kAla meM bhI isI kA upadeza diyA jAtA rhegaa| jainadarzana kI sAdhanA samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hai, sAmAyika kI sAdhanA hai evaM samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai / sAdhaka cAhe gRhastha ho athavA sAdhU ho, usakI sAdhanA kA ekamAtra lakSya yahI hai, ki vaha viSamatA se samatA kI ora agrasara ho| viSamabhAva se nikalakara samabhAva meM ramaNa kare / isa samatva yoga meM kauna kitanA aura kaba taka ramaNa kara sakatA hai, yaha prazna alaga hai aura vaha sAdhaka kI antaH zAnti para nirbhara karatA hai| parantu nizcaya hI abala aura sabala donoM hI prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke jIvana kA lakSya AtmA ke nijaguNa svarUpa ananta jJAna aura ananta sukha ko prApta karane kA hai| isa lakSya kI pUrti ke lie athavA sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie, jaina darzana ne ratnatrayI kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ratnatrayI kA nAma hI mokSa mArga hai| mArga kA artha yahA~ para patha evaM rAstA nahIM hai, balki, mArga kA artha hai -- sAdhana evaM upaay| mokSa kA mArga kahIM bAhara meM nahIM hai, vaha sAdhaka ke antara - caitanya meM hI hai. usakI antarAtmA meM hI hai| sAdhaka ko jo kucha pAnA hai, apane andara se pAnA hai| vividha zAstra ke adhyayana aura cintana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AtmA kI uccatama evaM pavitratama sthiti ko siddhi, siddhatva, apunarAvRtti, mukti, nirvANa tathA mokSa - ityAdi vividha saMjJAoM se kahA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM adhyAtmavAdI darzana meM sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai, ki mokSa evaM mukti AtmA kA sthAna - vizeSa hai athavA AtmA kI sthiti - vizeSa hai ? siddhazilA aura siddhaloka jaise zabda sthAna - vizeSa kI ora saMketa karate haiN| taba kyA yaha mAnA jAe ki karma - vimukta AtmA kA bhI, apanA koI rahane kA sthAna hai, jahA~ vaha zAzvata rUpa meM ananta kAla taka AvAsa karatI rahatI hai| vyavahAra - naya se yaha kathana satya hai, isameM kisI prakAra kA bheda evaM vibheda nahIM hai| parantu nizcaya - naya se vicAra karane para mokSa AtmA kA sthAna nahIM, bAlki eka sthiti - vizeSa hI hai| mokSa aura usakA mArga, sAdhya aura usakA sAdhana, kyA alaga - alaga ho sakate hai ? / nizcaya - naya kI dRSTi se sAdhana aura sAdhya meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| adhyAtmavAdI darzana meM mokSa aura usake mArga meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mArga kI, sAdhana kI pUrNatA kA nAma hI mokSa hai| ukta abheda dRSTi ke anusara mokSa kisI kSetra athavA AkAza - vizeSa meM nahIM hotA hai, vaha to AtmA meM hI hotA hai| jahA~ AtmA hai, vahIM usakA mokSa hai| AtmA kahIM - na - kahIM rahegA hI / aura vaha AtmA ke Thaharane kA sthAna hai, kyoMki AtmA eka dravya hai, aura jo dravya hotA hai, vaha kahI - na - kahIM rahegA hI, AkAza ke kisI - na - kisI deza - vizeSa kA avagAhana karegA hii| yaha sambhava nahIM hai, ki AtmA dravya

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 119 hokara bhI kisI AkAzIya dezavizeSa kA avagAhana na kre| jaba pratyeka dravya AkAza ke deza - vizeSa kA avagAhana karatA hai, taba AtmA bhI eka dravya hone ke kAraNa ananta AkAza ke kisI na - kisI asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka deza vizeSa kA avagAhana avazya hI karegA / Atma- dravya jisa kisI bhI AkAza-deza meM sthita hai, vahI usakA sthAna hai aura vahI usakA dhAma hai| AtmA eka dravya hai, isI AdhAra para usakA eka sthAna vizeSa bhI hai / kintu mokSa dravya nahIM hai, vaha AtmA kA nija svarUpa hai| ataeva mokSa AtmA kA sthAna - vizeSa nahIM hai, balki mokSa 1 AtmA kI sthiti - vizeSa hai| jisa dravya kA jo svarUpa hai, vaha svarUpa apane AdhArabhUta dravya se alaga kaise ho sakatA hai ? AtmA pRthak rahe aura usakA svarUpa mokSa usase kahIM dUra anya jar3a dravya meM aTakA rahe - yaha saMbhava nahIM hai na yaha zAstra sammata hai aura na yaha anubhavagamya hI hai| mokSa aura AtmA ke pArthakya - bhAva kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| jaise agni se alaga uSNatA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| - - kyoMki ani eka dravya hai aura uSNatA usakA svarUpa hai, agni dharmI hai aura uSNatA usakA dharma hai| dharma binA dharmI ke nahIM raha sktaa| jahA~ para dharmI rahatA hai, vahIM para usakA dharma bhI avazya rhegaa| agni kahIM para bhI kyoM na rahe, apane nijI saumya rupa meM apanI uSNatA ke sAtha, usameM kisI ko kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM ho sktii| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki agni kA svarUpa uSNatA ani meM hI rahegA, kahIM bAhara nhiiN| yahI bAta aura yahI tarka AtmA aura mokSa ke sambandha meM bhI hai / AtmA dravya hai, aura mokSa usakA svarUpa hai, AtmA dharmI hai aura mokSa usakA dharma hai| ataH jahA~ AtmA hai usakA mokSa bhI vahIM rhegaa| jaba ki mokSa, AtmA kA svarUpa hai, taba vaha AtmA se bAhara anyatra kahA~ raha sakatA hai ? isa dRSTi se jaba mokSa ko AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa mAna liyA gayA hai, taba vaha zuddha svarUpa apane svarUpI se alaga evaM pRthak kaise ho sakate hai, aura bhinna bhI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isameM eka bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki jaba koI anubhavI saMta athavA zAstra siddha-loka, siddha-zilA aura siddha dhAma kA varNana athavA kathana karatA hai, taba vaha yaha batAtA hai, ki vyavahAra dRSTi se yaha saba kucha AtmarUpa dravya kA hI sthAna vizeSa hai mokSa kA sthAna - vizeSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha to usakA nija svarUpa hI hai aura jo svarUpa hotA hai, vaha kabhI apane svarUpI se bhinna nahIM ho sktaa| astu / 1 jahA~ AtmA hai vahIM usakA mokSa hai aura jahA~ AtmA hai vahI usakA mArga bhI hai| jaina - darzana meM mokSa ke mArga kI dhAraNA evaM vicAraNA AtmA se bAhara kahIM anyaMtra nahIM kI gaI hai| nizcaya dRSTi kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki kAraNa aura kArya ko eka sthAna para rahanA caahie| yadi kAraNa kahIM rahe aura kArya usase dUra kahIM anyatra rahe, taba vaha kAryakAraNa bhAva kaise hogA ? dRstha kAraNa -

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120 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi kArya ho, to phira vaha kAraNa amuka eka kArya kA hI kAraNa kyoM ho, dUsare kArya kA kAraNa kyoM nahIM ? jabaki kAraNa se kArya kA dUratva evaM bhinnatva ubhayatra samAna hI hai| ata: nizcaya kI bhASA meM jahA~ mokSa hai vahIM usakA mArga bhI rahegA, vahI usakA sAdhana arthAt kAraNa bhI rhegaa| mokSa rahatA hai AtmA meM, ata: usakA mArga bhI AtmA meM hI rahatA hai| mokSa mArga kyA hai ? samyaka darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra / tInoM AtmA ke nija svarUpa hI haiM, phira AtmA se alaga kaise raha sakate haiN| ata: mokSa aura mokSa kA mArga donoM sadA AtmA meM hI rahate haiM, AtmA se kahIM bAhara nahIM rhte| AtmA kA mokSa kArya hai aura samyagdarzanAdi dharma mokSa kA kAraNa hai| mokSa aura mokSa kA sAdhanadharma dono hI AtmasvarUpa haiN| kyoMki jaba samyagdarzana Adi Atma svarUpa haiM, to unakA kArya mokSa bhI AtmasvarUpa hI honA caahie| ataeva mokSa kA loka AtmA hai, AkAza - vizeSa nhiiN| aisA nahIM ho sakatA ki kAraNa caitanya meM ho, aura usakA kArya jar3a meM ho jaae| cit kA kArya cit meM hI ho sakatA hai aura vaha cidrUpa hI ho sakatA hai| adhyAtma zAstra meM sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA eka mAtra dhyeya hai - vItarAga bhAva evaM svarupa ramaNatA / apane svarUpa meM sva ke ramaNa ko hI jaina darzana samyak darzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak cAritra kahatA hai| samyak darzana kyA vastu hai aura usakA kyA svarUpa hai ? isakI carcA maiM vistAra ke sAtha Age karUMgI, kintu yahA~ para Apa samyak darzana kA itanA hI artha samajha le ki apane AtmasvarUpa kI pratIti, Atmasvarupa kA vizvAsa aura AtmasvarUpa para AsthA honA hI samyak darzana hai| adhyAtmavAdI darzana yaha kahatA hai, ki Apako Izvara kI sattA para AsthA ho yA na ho, parantu svayaM apanI AtmA kI sattA para AsthA honA sabase bar3I bAta hai| samyakdarzana AtmasattA kI AsthA hai| samyak darzana AtmA kA svarUpa - viSayaka eka drar3ha nizcaya hai| maiM kauna hU~ ? maiM kyA hU~ ? maiM kaisA hU~ ? isakA antima nirNaya evaM nizcaya hI samyak darzana hai| saMsAra meM ananta padArtha haiM, ananta cetana aura ananta jar3a haiN| jar3a aura cetana meM bhedavijJAna karatA, yahI samyak darzana kA vAstavika uddezya hai| sva aura para kA, AtmA aura anAtmA kA, caitanya aura jar3a kA jaba taka bheda-vijJAna nahIM hogA, taba taka yaha nahIM samajhA jA sakatA ki sAdhaka ko sva-svarUpa kI upalabdhi ho gaI hai| sva-svarUpa kI upalabdhi hote hI, yaha AtmA ahaMtA aura mamatA ke bandhanoM meM baddha nahIM raha sktii| jise Atma-bodha evaM cetanA bodha ho jAtA hai, vahI AtmA yaha nizcaya kara sakatI hai, ki maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, maiM mana nahIM hU~, kyoMki yaha saba kucha bhautika hai evaM pudgalamaya hai| isake viparIta maiM cetana hU~, AtmA hU~ tathA maiM abhautika hU~, pudgala se sarvathA bhinna huuN| maiM pudgala hU~ aura pudgala kabhI jJAnasvarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| jabaki AtmA aura padagala meM isa prakAra mUlata: evaM svarUpataH vibheda hai, taba donoM ko eka mAnanA adhyAtmakSetra meM

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 121 sabase bar3A ajJAna hai aura yahI sabase bar3A mithyAtva hai| yaha ajJAna aura githyAtva samyak darzanamUlaka samyak jJAna se hI dUra ho sakatA hai| samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna se hI AtmA yaha nizcaya karatI hai, ki ananta atIta meM bhI jaba pudgala kA eka kaNa merA apanA nahIM ho sakA, taba ananta anAgata meM vaha merA kaise ho sakegA, aura vartamAna ke kSaNa meM to usake apanA hone kI AzA hI kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? maiM, maiM hU~ aura pudgala pudgala hai| AtmA kabhI pudgala nahIM ho sakatI, aura pudgala kabhI AtmA nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra kA bodha-vyApAra hI vastutaH samyak jJAna kahA jAtA hai| samyak jJAna kA artha hai - AtmA kA jJAna, AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa kA jJAna / AtmAvijJAna kI upalabdhi hone ke bAda anya bhautika jJAna kI upalabdhi na hone para bhI, AtmA kA kucha banatA-bigar3atA nahIM hai| jJAna kI alpatA bhayaMkara nahIM hai, usakI ajJAnarUpa viparItatA hI bhayaMkara hai| Atma - jJAna yadi kaNa-bhara hai, to vaha mana-bhara bhautika jJAna se bhI adhika zreSThatara evaM zreSThatama hai| Atma - sAdhanA meM jJAna kI vipulatA apekSita nahIM hai, kintu jJAna kI vizuddhatA hI apekSita hai| yadi jJAna AtmA ke rAga-dveSAtmaka vikalpoM ko dUra nahIM kara sakatA, to vaha vAstava meM samyak jJAna hI nahIM hai| vaha sUrya hI kyA, jisake udaya ho jAne para bhI rAtri kA andhakAra zeSa raha jAe ? samyak jJAna kI upayogitA isI meM hai, ki usake dvArA sAdhaka apane vikalpa aura vikAroM ko samajha ske| unheM dUra karane kI dizA meM ucita vicAra kara ske| AtmasattA kI samyak pratIti ho jAne para aura Atma-svarUpa kI samyak upalabdhi arthAt jJApti ho jAne para bhI jaba taka usa pratIti aura upalabdhi ke anusAra AcaraNa nahIM kiyA jAegA, taba taka sAdhaka kI sAdhanA paripUrNa nahIM ho skegii| pratIti aura upalabdhi ke sAtha AcAra Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya hai| hamane yaha vizvAsa kara liyA ki AtmA hai, hamane yaha bhI jAna liyA ki AtmA pudgala se bhinna hai, parantu jaba taka use pudgala se pRthak karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA jAegA taba taka sAdhaka ko abhISTa siddhi nahIM ho sktii| samyak darzana hone kA sabase bar3A phala yahI hai, ki AtmA kA ajJAna samyak jJAna meM pariNata ho jaae| parantu samyak jJAna kA phala yaha hai ki AtmA apane vibhAva ko choDakara svabhAva meM sthira ho jAe; AtmA apane vikalpa aura vikAroM ko chor3akara sva-svarUpa meM lIna ho jaae| vibhAva, vikalpa aura vikAroM se parAGamakha hokara antarmukha hone ko svarUpa-ramaNa kahA jAtA hai| aura svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA, arthAt svasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAnA, yahI AdhyAtmika bhASA meM samyak cAritra hai| yahI vizuddha saMyama hai aura sarvotkRSTa zIla hai| cAritra, AcAra, saMyama aura zIla AtmA se bhinna nahIM haiN| varan AtmA kI hI eka zuddha zaktivizeSa hai| jainadarzana kahatA hai ki vizvAsa ko vicAra meM badalo aura vicAra ko

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi AcAra meM badalo, tabhI sAdhanA paripUrNa hogii| cAritra, athavA AcAra kA artha kevala bAhya kriyA kANDa hI nahIM hai| bAhya kriyA-kANDa to ananta kAla se aura ananta prakAra kA kiyA gayA hai, kintu usase lakSya kI pUrti nahIM ho skii| bAhya kriyA-kANDa adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM yathAvasara upayogI evaM sahAyaka to ho sakatA hai, kintu vahI saba kucha nahIM hai| samyak cAritra Atmasthiti rUpa hai, ata: vaha AtmarUpa hai, anya rUpa nhiiN| samyak darzana mithyA jJAna ko bhI samyak jJAna banA detA hai| AkAza meM sthita sUrya jaba meghoM se Acchanna ho jAtA hai, taba yaha nahIM socanA cAhie ki aba ananta gagana meM sUrya kI sattA nahIM rhii| sUrya kI sattA to hai, kintu bAdaloM ke kAraNa usakI abhivyakti nahIM ho paatii| parantu jaise hI sUrya para chAne vAle bAdala haTane lagate haiM, to sUrya kA prakAza aura Atapa ekasAtha gagana maNDala aura bhUmaNDala para phaila jAtA hai| aisA mata samajhie ki pahale prakAza AtA hai phira Atapa AtA hai athavA pahale Atapa AtA hai phira prakAza AtA hai| donoM ekasAtha hI prakaTa hote haiN| isI prakAra jyoM hI samyak darzana hotA hai, tyoM hI tatkAla hI samyak jJAna ho jAtA hai| una donoM ke prakaTa hone meM kSaNamAtra kA bhI antara nahIM raha pAtA / samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna caturtha guNasthAna meM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| kintu samyak cAritra kI upalabdhi pA~cave guNasthAna se prArambha hotI hai| vaise to anantAnubandhI kaSAya ke kSayopazamAdi kI dRSTi se moha-hInatA evaM svarUpa-ramaNatA rUpa cAritra aMzata: samyag darzana evaM samyak jJAna ke sAtha hI prArambha ho jAtA hai| darzana hI paripUrNatA adhikatama sAtaveM guNasthAna taka ho jAtI hai aura jJAna kI paripUrNatA terahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai tathA cAritra kI paripUrNatA terahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM evaM zailezI avasthA rUpa caudahaveM guNa sthAna meM hotI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ukta tInoM sAdhanoM kI paripUrNatA kA nAma hI mokSa evaM mukti hai / yahI adhyAtmajIvana kA carama vikAsa hai| 2. samyak darzana kA artha tathA mahattva samyak darzana jaina AcAra-vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai| jisa guNa arthAt zakti ke vikAsa se tattva arthAt satya kI pratIti ho, athavA jisase heya (chor3ane yogya) evaM upAdeya (grahaNa karane yogya) tattva ke yathArtha viveka kI abhiruci ho vaha samyagdarzana hai| ise mukti kA adhikAra-patra bhI kahA gayA hai| saMsAra kI vastuoM ko, vizva ke dravyoM ko dekhane ke do dRSTikoNa haiM : (1) samyagdarzana (2) mithyAdarzana / samyagdarzana meM AtmA kI pavitratA prathama dhyeya hotA hai aura jIvana kA vyavahAra gauNa hotA hai, kintu mithyAdarzana meM saMsAra kA sukha-vaibhava prApta karanA mukhya dhyeya hotA hai aura AtmA, Izvara Adi AdhyAtmika bAtoM ke prati upekSA hotI hai| samyaktva jIva kI vaha dazA hai jisase vaha

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 123 atyanta andhakAra se nikalakara prakAza meM AtA hai| saMkSepa samyagdarzana kA artha hai - vizuddha dRSTi / pAzcAtya vicAraka Ara viliyamsa ke zabdoM meM - jina dvArA batAye gaye mokSa-mArga meM zraddhA samyaktva hai| AcArya vasunandin ke anusAra Apta, Agama aura tattva-padArtha ina tInoM meM zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra-sudeva, suguru aura sudharma meM zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai| umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM tattvarUpa padArthoM kI zraddhA arthAt dRDha pratIti samyagdarzana hai| mokSaprApti ke liye prathamata: darzana Avazyaka hai| samyaktva se hI jIva andhakAra se prakAza kI ora AtA hai| samyaktva hI kevalajJAna kI utpati kA sthAna hai| samyaktva kevalajJAna kI mAtA ke samAna hai| isakI prApti sarvasulabha nahIM hai| ___ yadi mokSa ko prApta karanA ho, karma se baddha AtmA ko mukta banAnA ho, karma ke yoga se bhramaNazIla AtmA ko sva-svarUpa meM sthira karanA ho, AnAdikAla kI vikRtiyoM kA vinAza karanA ho, AtmA kA suvizuddha svarUpa prakaTa karanA ho, saba dharma ko dharma kA vAstavika svarUpa denA ho aura Acarita dharma ko sArthaka banAnA ho, to samyagdarzana kA prakaTIkaraNa atyanta Avazyaka aura anivArya hai| yaha dharmarUpI bhavana kI sudRr3ha AdhArazilA hai / isakI zuddhi para hI vratAdi kI zuddhi avalambita hai| yaha vaha netra hai jo mokSa-mArga kA sahI-sahI mArga dikhAtA hai| ata: jaina siddhAnta meM sabase adhika mahattva samyagdarzana ko diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kA artha hai-vastu ke svarUpa ko dekhane-parakhane aura samajhane kI dRSTi kA samyak honA / tattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA aura vaisI hI pratIti karanA samyagdarzana hai| mUlata: yaha samyagdarzana AtmA kA svarUpa hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki samyaktva AtmA kI svayaM kI jyoti hai aura svayaM meM hI prajvalita hotI hai| ___samyaktva "satya" ke darzana meM hai| samaNa suttaM' meM AcArya kundakunda kA yaha zloka AyA "NANAjIvA NANAkamma, NANAvihA have laTTI / tamhA vayaNavivAdaM, svaparasamaehiM vajiyavvaM / / " bhA~ti - bhA~ti ke jIva (haiM), bhA~ti - bhA~ti kA (unakA) karma hai tathA bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI (unakI) yogyatA hotI hai, isaliye sva-para mata se vacana-kalaha ko (tuma) dUra httaao| jaba hama samyaka dRSTi baneMge to saba anya mata vadhAraNAoM ke prati udAra dRSTi banegI, unake pakSa ko samajhane kI zakti aavegii| yahI hamAre meM samatA laayegii| saba ke prati Adara kI dRSTi yAne sm-dRsstti|

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi AcArya umAsvati ne jaba yaha udghoSa kiyA "samyakdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH, " taba unakA samyagdarzana va jJAna se tAtparya, nava tattva - jIva, ajIva, puNya-pApa, AzravasaMvara, nirjarA, baMdha va mokSa yA saMkSepa meM do tattvaH jIva aura ajIva meM zraddhA va unakI jAnakArI se thA / jIva aura ajIva kI ApasI kriyA evaM pratikriyA se yaha saMsAra hai aura usakI pratikriyA ke svarUpa ko jAnanA va usameM zraddhA karanA samyaktva hai| jisane isa saMsAra racanA ke mUla ko jAna liyA usane saba kucha jAna liyaa| aura jAnakArI ke bAda apane puruSArtha se vaha isa cakra se nikala jAtA hai| jaba taka vaha mUla svarUpa ko na samajhakara vastu-jAla meM digbhramita ho ghUmatA hai, taba taka vaha saMsAra-cakra meM Avartana karatA hai| isa dRSTi se samyaktva kA artha AtmA va isase jur3e karma evaM vastu-svarUpa ko jAnanA va usameM zraddhA karanA hai| 124 jIvAdisaddahaNaM sammattaM jiNaverahiM paNNataM / vavahArA Nicchayado, appA NaM havaI sammattaM // ( darzana pAhuDa) arthAt vyavahAra se jIva Adi (tattvoM) se zraddhA samyaktva (samyagdarzana) (hai), nizcaya se AtmA hI samyaktva hotI hai| (aisA ) arahaMto dvArA kahA gayA ( hai ) / vastutattva ke prati dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA jina mAdhyamoM se prApta kI jA sakatI hai, ve do haiM - yA to vyakti svayaM tattva - sAkSAtkAra kare athavA una RSiyoM ke kathanoM para zraddhA kare jinhone tattva - sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| tattvazraddhA to mAtra usa samaya taka ke lie eka anivArya vikalpa hai jaba taka sAdhaka tattva sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara letaa| antima sthiti to tattva - sAkSAtkAra kI hI hai / paM. sukhalAlajI likhate hai, tattvazraddhA hI samyak dRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, , antima artha to tattva - sAkSAtkAra hai / tattva- zraddhA to tattvasAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna mAtra hai, vaha sopAna dRr3ha ho tabhI yathocita puruSArtha se tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki samyagdarzana ke binA samyak jJAna nahIM hotA aura samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM sadAcAra nahIM AtA aura sadAcAra ke abhAva meM karmAvaraNa se mukti sambhava nahIM aura karmAvaraNa se jakar3e huha prANI kA nirvANa nahIM hotA / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki koIkti vidvAn hai, bhAgyavAna hai aura parAkramI bhI hai; lekina yadi usakA dRSTikoNa asamyak hai to usakA dAna, tapa Adi samasta puruSArtha phalAkAMkSA 1. jaina dharma kA prANa, pR0 28 2. uttarAdhyayana. 28/30

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 125 se hone ke kAraNa azuddha hI hogaa| vaha use mukti kI ora na le jAkara bandhana kI ora hI le jaavegaa| samyagdarzana kI mahimA aura garimA kA zAstrakAroM aura samartha AcArya ne sthAnasthAna para vividha rUpa se varNana kiyA hai| nAdaMsaNissa nANaM nANeNa viNA Na huMti caraNaguNA / aguNissa nAtthi mokkho, nAtthi amokkhassa nivvaannN|| arthAt samyagdarzana ke binA, samyagjJAna kI prApti nahIM hotI, samyagjJAna kI prApti ke binA cAritra kI prApti nahIM hotii| cAritra ke binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI aura mokSaprApti ke binA karmajanya duHkhoM se chuTakArA nahIM miltaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki samyaktva se jJAna kI prApti hAtI hai, jJAna se cAritra aura cAritra se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra krama se sarvaguNoM kI prApti hone se jIva samasta duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| ataeva samasta guNoM ke mUlabhUta sabhyaktva ko sarvaprathama prApta karane kA prayAsa apekSita hai| svAmI samantabhadra ne samyaktva kI mahattA batAte hue kahA - yaha samyagdarzana to mokSamArga meM karNadhAra hai, isake binA na koI bhavasAgara se pAra hI ho sakatA hai aura na jJAnacAritrarUpa vRkSa kI utpatti, sthiti, vRddhi aura phalaprApti hI ho sakatI hai| samyaktva hIna sAdhu se samyaktva yukta gRhastha mokSamArgastha evaM zreSTha hai| tIna loka aura tIna kAla meM samyaktva ke samAna koI zreyaskara nahIM aura mithyAtva ke samAna koI azreyaskArI nahIM hai| anta meM pUre sAta zloko dvArA samyagdarzana kI mahimA kA varNana karate hue unhoMne batAyA isake hI Azraya se jIva uttarottara vikAsa karate hue tIrthaMkara banakara ziva pada pAtA hai| ___kundakunda svAmI ke sabhI pAhuDa samyaktva kI mahimA se bharapUra hai, phira bhI unhoMne isake lie eka daMsaNapAhuDa kI svataMtra racanA kara kahA hai ki darzana se bhraSTa hI vyakti vAstavika bhraSTa hai, cAritra bhraSTa nahIM, kyoMki darzana - bhraSTa nirvANapada nahIM pA sakatamA / darzanavihIna vyakti vandanIya nahIM haiM, samyaktva rUpa jala kA pravAha hI karma - bandha kA vinAzaka hai, dharmAtmA ke doSoM ko kahane vAlA svayaM bhraSTa hai, samyaktva se heya - upAdeya kA viveka prAptahotA hai, samyaktva hI mokSa mahala kA mUla evaM prathama sopAna hai| samyaktvaviSayaka ukta varNana ko prAya: sabhI paravartI zrAvakAcAra - racayitAoM ne apanAyA phira bhI kucha ne jina navIna bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai, unakA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| 1. uttarA. 28 a. 30 gA.

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126 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi svAmI kArtikeya ne samyaktva ke upazAma, kSayopazama aura kSAyika bhedoM kA svarUpa kahakara batAyA ki prathama do samyaktvoM ko to yaha jIva asaMkhya bAra grahaNa karatA aura chor3atA hai, kintu kSAyika ko grahaNa karane ke bAda vaha chTatA nahIM aura use tIsare aura cauthe bhava meM nirvANapada prApta karAtA hai| inhoMne vItarAga deva, dayAmaya dharma aura nigrantha gurU ke mAnanevAle ko vyavahAra samyagdRSTi aura dravyoM ko aura unake sarva paryAyoM ko nizcaya rUpa se yathArtha jAnatA hai, use zuddha samyagdRSTi kahA hai| samyaktva sarva ratnoM meM mahA ratna hai, sarva yogoM meM uttama yoga hai, sarva RddhiyoM meM mahARddhi aura yahI sabhI siddhiyoM ko karanevAlA hai| samyagdRSTi durgAti ke kAraNabhUta karma kA bandha nahIM karatA hai aura aneka bhava - baddha karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| ___AcArya amRtacandra ne batAyA ki mokSaprApti ke lie sarva prathama sabhI prayatna karake samyaktva kA Azraya lenA cAhie, kyoMki isake hone para jJAna aura cAritra hote haiN| inhoMne jIvAdi tattvoM ke viparItAbhinivezarahita zraddhA ko samyaktva kahA / nirvicikitsA aMga ke varNana meM yahA~ taka kahA ki isa aMga ke dhAraka ko mala - mUtrAdi ko dekhakara glAni nahIM karanI caahie| uvagUhanAdi zeSa cAra aMgo kA sva aura para kI upekSA kiyA gayA varNana aprUva hai| . cAmuNDarAya ne jinopadiSTa mokSamArga ke zraddhA ko samyaktva kA svarUpa batalAkara samyaktvI jIva ke saMvega, nirvega, AtmanindA, AtmagarhA, zamabhAva, bhakti anakampA aura vAtsalya gaNoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyaa| ___AcArya amitagati ne apane 'upAsakAcAra' ke dUsare adhyAya meM samyaktva kI prApti, aura usake bhedoM kA vistRta svarUpa - varNana karate hue likhA hai ki vItarAga samyaktva kA lakSaNa upekSAbhAva hai aura samagra samyaktva kA lakSaNa prazama, saMvega, anukampA aura Astikya bhAvarUpa hai| inakA bahuta sundara vivecana karate hue samyaktva ke zraddhA, bhakti Adi ATha guNoM kA varNanakara anta meM likhA hai ki jo eka antarmuhUrta ko bhI samyaktva prApta kara lete haiM ve bhI ananta saMsAra ko sAnta kara lete haiN| ____ AcArya vasunandine samyaktva kA svarUpa batAkara kahA hai ki usake hone para jIva meM saMvega, nirveda, nindA, garhA, upazamabhAva, bhakti, vAtsalya aura anukampA, ye ATha guNa prakaTa hote haiN| vastuta: samyaktvI puruSa kI pahicAna hI ina ATha guNoM se hotI haiN| sAvayadhamma dohAkAra ne samyaktva kI mahimA batAte hue likhA hai ki jahA~ para garUr3a baiThA ho, vahA~ para kyA viSadhara sarpa Thahara sakate haiM, isI prakAra jisake hRdaya meM samyaktva guNa

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 127 prakAzamAna hai, vahA~ para kyA karma Thahara sakate haiM ? arthAt zIghra hI nijIrNa ho jAte haiM ? AcArya sakalakIrti ne likhA hai ki samyaktva ke binA vrata- tapAdi se mokSa nahIM milatA / gupabhUSaNane bhI samantabhadrAdi ke samAna samyaktva kA varNana kara anta meM kahA hai ki jisake kevala samyaktva hI utpanna ho jAtA hai, usakA nIce ke chaha narakoM meM, bhavatrika devoM meM, striyoM meM karmabhUmija tiryacoM evaM dInadaridrI manuSyoM meM janma nahIM hotA / ke. umAsvAti - 'zrAvakAcAra' meM ratnakaraNDaka, puruSArtha siddhayupAya Adi pUrvaracita zrAvakacAroM anusAra hI samyagdarzana, usake aMgo kA bheda, mahimA Adi kA varNana karate hue likhA hai. ki... hdayasthita samyaktva ni:zaMkitAdI ATha aMgo se jAnA jAtA hai| isa zrAvakAcAra meM prazama, saMvega Adi guNoM ke svarUpa kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM likhA hai ki jisake hRdaya meM ina ATha guNoM se yukta samyaktva sthita hai, usake ghara meM nirantara nirmala lakSmI nivAsa karatI hai| pUjyapAda zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki jaise bhavana kA mUla AdhAra nIMva hai usI prakAra sarva vratoM kA mUla AdhAra samyaktva hai| vratasAra zrAvakAcAra meM bhI yahI kahA hai| vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki sabhya darzana ke binA vrata, samiti aura guptirUpa teraha prakAra kA cAritra dhAraNa karanA nirarthaka hai| zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra meM to ratnakaraNDaka ne aneka zloka uddhata karake kahA hai ki eka bhI aMga se hIna samyaktva janmasantati ke chedane meM samartha nahIM hai| puruSArthInuzAsana meM kahA hai ki samyaktva ke binA dIrghakAla taka tapazcaraNa karane para bhI mukti kI prApti saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM samyaktva kI jo mahimA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai usa para ratnakaraNDaka kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| Ja samyagdarzana kI mahimA ko prakaTa karane ke lie uttarAdhyayana meM sUtrakAra kahate hai| mAse mAse tu jo bAlo, kusaggeNaM tu bhuMjaha | na so sukkhAyadhammassa, kalaM agdhai solasiM // 1 jo jIva bAla hai, mithyAdRSTi hai, ajJAnI hai, vaha pratyeka mAsa meM kuza ke agrabhAga para jitanA AhAra ThaharatA hai, utanA hI khAkara raha jAe taba bhI vaha jinokta dharma kA AcaraNa karane vAle puruSa 'ke solahaveM aMza ke barAbara bhI nahIM hotA / 1. uttarAdhyayana a. 6 gAthA 44

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128 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi zAstroM meM sthAnasthAna para samyagdarzana kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai - "saddhA parama dullhaa"| mahAmUlyavAna zraddhArUpI ratna bahuta durlabha hai| jo vastu durlabha hotI hai vaha anamola aura mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| samyagdarzana rUpI cintAmaNI ratna kI prApti bahuta durlabha hai| navatattva prakaraNa kI nimna gAthAoM meM samyaktva kA svarUpa batAkara usakA apUrva lAbha batAyA gayA hai - jIvAi navapayatthe jo jANai tassa hoi sammattaM / bhAveNa sahante ayANamANe vi sammattaM / / savvAiM jinesarabhAsiAI vaNagAi nannahA huMti / ia buddhi jassa maNe sammattaM niccalaM tasya / / aMto muhuttamittaMpi, phAsiyaM huja jehi sammattaM / tesiM avaD Dhapuggala pariyaTTo ceva saMsAro // 2 arthAt jo jIvAdi nava tattvoM kA jJAtA hai use samyaktva hotA hai| kadAcit kSayopazama kI taratamatA se koI yathArtha rUpa se tattvoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai, kintu "taM meva saccaM jaM jiNehi paveiyaM" - jo jinezvara deva ne kahA hai vaha satya hai, aisI zraddhA karatA hai, to use samyaktva hai| jinezvara bhagavaMto ke vacana anyathA kadApi nahIM hote, aisI dRr3ha zraddhA jisako prApta hai usakA samyaktva nizcala hotA hai| samyagdarzana vaha AdhArabhUta bhUmikA hai, jisake upara cAritra rUpI mahala khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba taka darzana rUpI AdhAra dRr3ha nahIM ho jAya, taba taka pUrvo kA zruta bhI mithyAjJAna rUpa rahatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki - natthi caritaM sammatta vihaNaM / __arthAtsamyaktva ke binA, zraddhA ke binA, vAstavika vizvAsa ke binA, samyak cAritra kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| vizvAsa ke abhAva meM cAritra kevala bAhya sAdhAraNa AcaraNa sA hai| vaha mokSa kI tarapha bar3hAne vAlA vairAgyamaya sundara cAritra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 1. uttarAa. 3 gAthA 8 2. navatattva prakaraNa 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 28 gAthA 29

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya prasiddha kavi Anandaghana ne bhI 'ananta jina stavana' meM kahA hai - devagurU dharmanI zuddhi kaho kima rahe, kima rahe zuddha zraddhAna ANI / zuddha zraddhA binA sarva kiriyA karI, chAra para lIMpaNu teMha jANo || jisa prakAra rAkha para lIpanA vyartha hai, usI prakAra binA zuddha zraddhA ke sabhI prakAra kI kriyAe~ vyartha rahatI hai| 'samyaktva kaumudI' meM samyaktva kI mahimA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'samyaktvaratnAnnaparaM hi ratnaM, samyaktvamitrAna paraM hi mitram / samyaktvabaMdhorna paro hi baMdhuH, samyaktvalAbhAnna paro hi lAbhaH || 1. manusmRti, 6 / 74 arthAtsaMsAra meM aisA koI ratna nahIM hai jo samyaktva ratna se bar3hakara mUlyavAna ho| samyaktva mitra se bar3hakara koI mitra nahIM ho sakatA, na bandhu hI ho sakatA aura na samyaktva lAbha se bar3hakara koI lAbha hI ho sakatA hai| 129 AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra - 'jo samyagdarzana se bhraSTa ho jAte haiM, jinakA vizvAsa AtmA, Izvara, pApa, puNya Adi siddhAntoM se uTha jAtA hai, unakA samyagdarzana bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| ve jJAna bhraSTa hokara mithyAtvI ho jAte haiM / mithyAtvI ho jAne para unakA lakSya kevala bhoga bhoganA, saMsAra sukha prApta karanA, saMsArika vaibhava ekatrita karanA hI raha jAtA hai / isa kAraNa unakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hai aura ve mithyAtvI haiN| isa prakAra darzana se patita AtmAe~, jJAnabhraSTa ho jAyA karatI haiM / 'nANabbhaTTA daMsaNalUsiNo / 3. vaidika paramparA meM samyak darzana : vaidika paramparA meM bhI samyak darzana ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhyak dRSTisampanna vyakti ko karma kA bandhana nahIM hotA hai lekina samyak darzana se vihIna vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| 1 A0 6, 1873.4

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne yaha kahakara samyak darzana yA zraddhA ke mahattva ko spaSTa kara diyA hai ki yadi durAcArI vyakti bhI mujhe bhajatA hai arthAt mere prati zraddhA rakhatA hai to use sAdhu hI samajho, kyoMki vaha zIghra hI dharmAtmA hokara cira zAMti ko prApta ho jAtA hai| 130 gItA meM zraddhA kA artha pramukha rUpa se izvara ke prati ananyaniSThA mAnA gayA hai jaba ki jaina darzana meM samyagdarzana dRSTiparaka artha meM svIkAra huA haiN| gItA yaha mAnatI haiM ki naitika jIvana ke * lie saMzaya rahita honA Avazyaka haiM zraddhArahita yajJa, tapa dAna Adi sabhI naitika karma nirarthaka mAne gaye haiN| gItA meM svayaM bhagavAna ke dvArA aneka bAra yaha AzvAsana diyA gayA haiM ki jo mere prati zraddhA rakhegA vaha bandhanoM se chUTakara anta meM mujhe hI prApta hogaa| gItA meM bhakta ke yogakSema kI jimmedArI svayaM bhagavAna hI vahana karate tai| 3 jaina bauddha darzana ise svIkAra nahIM krtaa| AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItAbhASya meM bhI samyakdarzana ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki samyakdarzana niSTha puruSa saMsAra ke bIja rUpa avidyA Adi doSoM kA unmUlana nahIM kara sake, aisA kadApi saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA arthAt samyagdarzana yukta puruSa nizcitarUpa se nirvANa lAbha karatA hai| vastutaH samyakdarzana eka jIvanadRSTi hai yaha anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA kA kendrIya tattva hai| binA jIvana dRSTi ke jIvana kA koI artha nahIM rahatA / vyakti kI jIvana dRSTi jaisI hotI hai usI rUpa meM usake caritra kA nirmANa hotA hai| gItA meM kahA hai ki vyakti zraddhAmaya hai, jaisI zraddhA hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai|' asamyak jIvanadRSTi patana kI ora aura samyak jIvanadRSTi utthAna kI ora le jAtI hai isalie yathArtha jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai| hamAre caritra aura vyakti kA nirmANa isI jIvanadRSTi se hotA hai| ise hI bhAratIya paramparA meM sabhyagdarzana yA zraddhA kahA gayA hai| 4. bauddha darzana meM samyak darzana bauddha darzana meM bhI jaina aura vaidika darzana kI taraha samyak darzana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| bauddhadharma meM samyagdarzana ke hI samAnAntara meM sammAdiTTi ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| caturAryasatyoM kA samajhanA hI sammAdiTTi hai| usake binA mukti prApti sambhava nhiiN| bhagavAna buddha ne kahA thA "mikSuoM ! jisa samaya Arya zrAvaka durAcaraNa ko pahacAna letA hai, durAcaraNa ke mUla kAraNo ko 1. gItA, 20 - 31, 2. gItA, 17/13, 5. gItA, 17/3 - 3. gItA 18/65-66 4. gItA ( zaM0) 18/12. 6. sammAdiTTi suttantu (majmima 1.1.),

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya jAna letA hai, sadAcaraNa ko pahacAna letA hai, taba usakI dRSTi samyak kahalAtI hai| sAMsArika duHkho kI prakRti ko jAnate hue satkAya dRSTi, AtmavAda Adi siddhAntoM se virakta honA isakA phala hai| isI se samabhAva prApta ho jAtA hai| ___ bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA andhavizvAsa nahIM, varan eka buddhi - sammata anubhava hai| yaha vizvAsa karanA nahIM, varan sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt utpanna tattva niSThA hai| buddha ko viveka aura samIkSA sadaiva svIkRta rahe haiN| jaba taka manuSya tattva ko dekha yA suna nahIM letA, taba taka usakI, zraddhA sthira nahIM hotI / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM prathama zraddhA eka parikalpanA ke rUpa meM grahaNa hotI hai| aura vahI anta meM tattvasAkSAtkAra bana jAtI hai| buddha ne zraddhA aura prajJA donoM kA samanvaya kiyA .. aMguttaranikAya meM buddha kahate haiM ki "bhikSuo, maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA, jisase anutpanna akuzala - dharma utpanna hote ho tathA utpanna akuzala dharmoM meM vRddhi hotI ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuoM mithyA dRsstti| bhikSuo mithyAdRSTi vAle meM anutpanna akuzala - dharma paidA ho jAte haiM / utpanna akuzala - dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| bhikSuoM, maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA jisase anutpanna kuzala - dharmoM meM vRddhi hotI ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuo, samyakdRSTi / bhikSuo, samyakadRSTi vAle meM anutpanna kuzala dharma utpanna ho jAte hai utpanna kuzala - dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| buddha samyak-dRSTi ko naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM miththA dRSTikoNa saMsAra kA kinArA hai aura samyak dRSTikoNa nivArNa kA kinArA hai|''3 donoM sAdhanAoM meM samyagdarzana kA samAna mahattva hai ! samyagdarzana ke binA sAdhaka caturgati bhramaNa karatA hai aura karor3oM varSoM taka kaThora tapazcaraNa karate hue bhI ratnatraya rUpa baudhi ko prApta nahIM krtaa| 2. aMguttaranikAya 1/17 1. buddhavacana pR0 21 3. aMguttaranikAya 10/12 4. SaTha prAbhRta 1.4-5 tharegAthA

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132 5. samyagdarzana ke ATha AcAra samyaktva hI cAritradharma kA mUla AdhAra haiN| usakI zuddhi para hI cAritrabuddhi avalambita hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM samyak darzana kI sAdhanA ke ATha aMgoM kA varNana hai / AcaraNa karane yogya ATha samyaktva ke AcAroM ko bhavyAtmAoM ko Antarika jIvana meM otaprota kara lenA caahie| darzana vizuddhi evaM usake saMvaThThana aura saMrakSaNa ke liye inakA pAlana Avazyaka hai| ATha aMga isa prakAra hai : (1) nizzaMkatA : - samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi saMzayazIlatA kA abhAva hI nizzaMkatA hai| jinapraNIta tattvadarzana meM zaMkA nahIM karanA, , use yathArtha evaM satya mAnanA hI nizzaMkatA haiN|' sAdhanA ke lakSya kI prApti ke lie sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanApatha tInoM para avicala zraddhA honI caahie| sAdhaka meM jisa kSaNa bhI ina tInoM meM se eka ke prati bhI saMdeha utpanna hotA hai, vaha sAdhanA se cyuta ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAdhanA nizzaMkatA ko Avazyaka mAnatI hai| mUlAcAra meM nizzakatA ko nirbhayatA mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya aura tatpUrvaka parIkSA kA jaina tattvajJAna meM pUrNa sthAna hone para bhI yahA~ zaMkA ko aticAra kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki tarkavAda se pare ke padArthoM ko tarkadRSTi se kasane kA prayatna nahIM honA caahie| kyoMki sAdhaka zraddhAgamya pradeza ko buddhigamya nahIM kara sakatA, jisase anta meM vaha buddhigamya pradeza ko bhI chor3a detA hai| ataH jisase sAdhanA ke vikAsa meM bAdhA AtI ho vaisI zaMkA aticAra ke rUpa meM tyAjya hai / jaisA ki zAstra kA vAkya hai - "tamevaM saccaM NIsaMkaM, jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM" vahI satya nizaMka hai, jo jinezvaroM dvArA pravacita hai, aisA vizvAsa bane / usameM kurtaka vitarka nahIM karanA, isase vItarAga - vANI ke prati samarpaNA utpanna hotI hai aura antara kI zakti UrdhvagAmI banatI hai| hameM dharma karaNI karate hue usake zubha phala kI prApti tatkAla yadi na bhI ho, to bhI kabhI bhI jinavacanoM meM, dharma kI ananta zakti meM zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| prApta duHkha ko nikAcita karmoM kA upabhoga samajhakara antarajJAna ke cakSu udghATita karate hue karma philosophI kA jJAna samakakSa rakhakara, zAMta bhAvoM se sahana karanA cAhie, tAki pUrva baddha karma nirjarita ho jAe~ge aura dharmakaraNI 1. AcArAMga, 115/5/63 2. mUlAcAra, 252-53

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 133 kA, prazasta bhAvanAoM kA, suphala zabda dvArA akathanIya anubhavagamya AtmaRddhi ke rUpa meM upalabdha hogaa| dasavaikAlika sUtra ke prathama adhyayana kI prathama gAthA kA sAra ' (saMkSepa) yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki jisakA mana, utkRSTa dharmarUpa maMgalaahiMsA, saMyama, tapa meM nirantara lagA rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| eka laukika dRSTAnta se bhI isa bAta kI zraddhA ho sakatI hai| jaise ki, eka niSNAta vaidya ne rattI rattI bhara eka lAkha cIjeM ikaTTI kara unako bArIka pIsakara eka eka rattI kI eka lAkha goliyA~ bnaayii| usa pratyeka golI meM eka lAkha vastu haiM yA nahIM ? yaha kauna jAne aura kauna mAne ? yA to vaidya yA unako pIsane vAlA / vaha bhI yadi samajhadAra ho to| isake atirikta dUsare jina - jinako una donoM ke vacanoM para vizvAsa ho ve usa bAta ko mAnate haiM, zeSa to nahIM mAnate haiM na? vaidya rogI ko kahatA hai ki - yaha davA bahuta kImatI hai| itanI choTIsI golI meM eka lAkha auSadha haiM, mAmUlI davA nhiiN| taba vaha rogI kahatA hai ki - mujhe A~kha se batAo to mAneM, to use kaise batAyA jA sakatA hai ? usa samaya vaidya ko kahanA paDatA hai ki - tumhe dekhanA hI ho to mere kahe anusAra eka lAkha vastu le Ao, pIso aura goliyA~ bnaao| parantu usakI vaisA karane kI koI taiyArI na ho to phira vaidya kahatA hai ki - sUMghakara dekha lo, tumhArI ghrANendriya teja hogI to isa rIti se bhI tuma jAna skoge| usameM yaha bhI zakti na ho to vaidya ko kahanA par3atA hai ki tumheM mere vacana para zraddhA ho to mAno aura davA khAo nahIM to tumhArA bhAgya ! (2) niSkAMkSatA: aihika aura pAralaukika viSayoM kI abhilASA karanA / yadi aisI kAMkSA hogI to sAdhaka guNa - doSa kA vicAra kie binA hI cAhe jaba apanA siddhAnta chor3a degA, isIlie use aticAra kahA gayA hai| sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM bhautika vaibhava, ehika tathA pAralaukika sukha ko lakSya banAnA hI jaina darzana ke anusAra "kAMkSA' hai| kisI bhI laukika aura pAralaukika kAmanA ko lekara sAdhanAtkama jIvana meM praviSTa honA jaina vicAraNA ko mAnya nahIM hai| vaha aisI sAdhanA ko vAstavika 1. dhammo maMgalamukkiThaM ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namaMsanti jassa dhamme sayA mnno|| 1. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 12

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134 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sAdhanA nahIM kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha Atmakendrita nahIM hai| bhautika sukhoM aura upalabdhiyoM ke pIche bhAgane vAlA sAdhaka camatkara aura pralobhana ke pIche kisI bhI kSaNa lakSyacyuta ho sakatA hai| jainasAdhanA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praviSTa hone ke lie niSkAMkSita athavA niSkAmabhAva se yukta honA caahie| AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM niSkAMkSatA kA artha - 'ekAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rahanA' kiyA hai| isa AdhAra para anAgraha yukta dRSTikoNa samyaktva ke lie Avazyaka hai| ___sulasA kA dRSTAnta Apa jAnate hai ? ambar3a ne tIrthaMkara kA rUpa banAyA, bAraha parSadA sAmane baiThAI, dezanA denA zurU kiyaa| saba gye| ve saba kahate haiM ki tIrthaMkara aaye| kahane vAle ne sulasA ko bhI kahA ki tIrthaMkara Aye haiN| sulasA ne pUchA ki - kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra padhAre ? javAba milA ki - nahIM, ye to paccIsaveM tIrthaMkara padhAre haiN| sulasA kahatI hai ki - yaha nahIM ho sktaa| usane kahA - dekhanA ho to calo / sulasA ne kahA - nahIM, sarvajJa kA anuyAyI aisAvaisA nahIM dekhtaa| (3) nirvicikitsA : ____ jahA~ bhI matabheda yA vicAra bhedakA prasaMga upasthita ho vahA~ apane Apa koI nirNaya na karake kevala matimandatA yA asthira buddhi ke kAraNa yaha socanA ki yaha bAta bhI ThIka hai aura vaha bAta bhI ThIka ho sakatI hai'| buddhi kI yaha asthiratA sAdhaka ko kisI eka tattva para kabhI sthira nahIM rahane detI, isIlie ise vicikitsAticAra kahA gayA hai| jJAniyoM dvArA kahe gaye anuSThAnoM ke sevana kA phala milegA yA nahIM, aisI zaMkA karanA 'vicikitsA' doSa hai| aisI zaMkA na karanA nirvicikitsA' hai| jJAniyoM dvArA kahe anuSThAnoM kA phala na mile, yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? sAdhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha isa pratIti ke sAtha naitika AcaraNa kA prArambha kare ki kriyA aura phala kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai aura yadi naitika AcaraNa kiyA jAvegA to nizcita rUpa se usakA phala hogA hii| kriyA ke phala ke prati sandeha na honA hI nirvicikitsA hai| - AcArya samanta bhadra kA kathana hai, zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai, usakI pavitratA to samyag jJAna - darzana - cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke sadAcaraNa se hI hai ataeva guNIjanoM ke zarIra se ghRNA na kara usake guNoM se prema karanA nirvicikitsA hai| 1. puruSArtha siddhayupAya 23 1. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 26

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya / 135 (4) amUDhadRSTi : samyaktva kA caturtha AcAra hai amUDhadRSTi - isakA tAtparya hai, jisakI samyagdRSTi kisI bhI avasthA meM mUr3ha nahIM bane, Apadagrasta avasthA meM bhI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha nahIM bne| vItarAgadeva ke AdhyAtmika rasa ko lekara bhavya prANI cala rahe haiM to kabhI bhI unake prakAzamaya jIvana meM ajJAna tathA aMdhakAra kA praveza nahIM hotaa| (5) uvaguhana : pA~cavA AcAra hai uvaguhana jise upabRMhaNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| upabRMhaNa arthAt guNavAna puruSoM ke guNoM kA pragaTIkaraNa karanA / guNI puruSoM ke vidyamAna guNoM kA kathana karane se sadguNoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| vyakti meM jaba taka apUrNa avasthA rahatI hai, taba taka guNa va avaguNa nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM yathAsthAna prAya: pAye jAte haiN| unake guNoM ko sanmukha rakhakara kathana karane para jisa vyakti ke guNoM kA kathana kiyA jA rahA hai, usameM apane guNoM ko adhika bar3hAne kI sphuraNA paidA hotI hai, aura vaha usI kArya meM satata prayAsa karane lagatA hai, evaM svayaM ke Aine meM svayaM ko dekhane lagatA hai, jisase svayaM ke durguNa usase prAya: avidita nahIM raha pAte aura vaha una durguNoM ko svayaM dekhadekha karake khinnatA kA anubhava karatA hai, aura apane Apako guNamaya banAne kA bharasaka prayanta karatA hai| yaha samyagdRSTi kA pA~cavA~ AcAra guNoM ko bar3hAne meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai / jo yaha socatA hai ki maiM apane jIvana meM guNa hI guNa dekhanA cAhatA hU~ to vaha taba hI dekha pAegA jaba ki vaha sabhI ke sadguNa dekhatA rahe aura una sadguNoM ko bar3hAne ke lie kathana karatA rhe| jisase samyaktva kA yaha pA~cavA~ AcAra bhalIbhAMti jIvana meM pragaTa ho jaay| sadA guNa kA hI ciMtana karane se durguNa svata: kSINa hote hue cale jAe~ge evaM eka na eka dina apane jIvana ko vaha guNoM kI asIma abhivyakti se bhara legaa| aisA karane se sadguNa kA vAyumaMDala paidA hogA evaM kleza kalaha samApta hoMge, rAga-dveSa kI vRtti maMda hogI aura mokSa ke rAste para agrasara hone kA prasaMga aaegaa| isa prakAra isa pA~caveM AcAra ko zrAvaka apane jIvana meM sthAna deM to aneka bhavyoM kA parivartana hote hue vyakti, parivAra evaM samAja meM bhavya vAtAvaraNa bana skegaa| (6) sthirIkaraNa : apane jIvana meM yaha samIkSaNa karanA hai ki hama vItarAga vANI meM sthira haiM yA asthira ? yadi hama sudRr3ha rUpa se sthira haiM to hama anya ko bhI sthira kara sakate haiN| jo svayaM ko saMbhAlane meM sakSama hai, vahI dUsaroM ko saMbhAla sakatA hai| yaha saMsAra vaitaraNI nadI hai aura isakA taTa samyaktva kI AcArabhUmi hai| jo manuSya svayaM taTa para surakSita avasthA meM khar3A rahane meM samartha bana cukA hai, vahI,

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136 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi anya jo prANI saMsAra rUpI vaitaraNI nadI meM gira rahe haiM, baha rahe haiM, unheM bhI girane se, bahane se bacA sakatA hai| prabhu mahAvIra kA amRtomaya upadeza hai ki: - parijUrai te sarIrayaM, kesA paMDurayA havaMti te / te savvabale ya hAyaI, samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / / arthAt - zarIra jIrNa ho rahA hai, keza sapheda ho rahe haiM, sabhI indriyoM kA bala ghaTa rahA hai, ataeva he gautama! samaya - mAtra kA bhI pramAda mata kro| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba taka karma karane kI zakti hai, tabhI taka dharma bhI ho sakatA hai| kahAvata bhI hai ki - " je kamme sUrA, te dhamme suuraa|" jIvana meM samyagdRSTipane ke balabUte se, AtmIya guNoM meM ramaNa karate hue, niSThApUrvaka apane vratoM kA paripAlana karate hue svarUpa kA vikAsa kareM aura phira anya jo dharma se vimukha bane hue haiM, unheM bhI dharma meM sthira kara karma - nirjarA kA patha prazasta kareM / (7) svadharmI vAtsalya : bhAvanA kA AcaraNa karane yogya ATha samyaktva ke AcAroM ko bhavya AtmAoM ko Antarika jIvana meM otaprota kara lenA caahiye| sAtaveM sthAna para jisa AcAra kA varNana AyA hai, vaha hai vAtsalya / mAtA kA putra ke prati advitIya vAtsalya rahatA hai, vaha putra ke lie saba kucha sahana kara letI hai, ananya bhAva se usakA paripAlana karatI hai| yaha sArI caryA usa mA~ kI vAtsalya pratIka hai| isI prakAra pratyeka prANI para samyak STi kA niHsvArtha vAtsalya bana jAya to pratyeka AtmA ke sAtha ananya bhAva paidA kiye jA sakate haiN| pratyeka ke sAtha Atmavat vyavahAra kI sthiti prApta hotI hai| jo mAnava cintanazIla hai, vaha apane vAtsalya bhAva kA vistAra karanA siikhe| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ko caNDakauzika ne DaMka mArA, to bhagavAna ke paira ke aMgUThe se dUdhavat dhArA chUTa pdd'ii| yaha unakI pratyeka AtmA ke prati apUrva AtmIyatA, advitIya vAtsalyatA kA pratIka thI / yaha mAtA ke jIvana se bhI bar3hakara bhagavAna ke jIvana kA vAtsalya bhAva thaa| DaMka mArane vAle ke prati bhI vaha ni:svArtha vAtsalya bhAvanA dUdha kI dhavalatA ke rUpa meM nirjharita huii| pratibodhita kara diyA usa caMDakauzika ko| para Aja kahA~ hai niHsvArtha vAtsalya - bhAvanA ? kahA~ hai vaha samyagdRSTi kA AcAra ? kahA~ hai sAdharmI ke prati sahayoga kI bhAvanA ? - vAtsalya bhAvanA to antara kI hotI hai| prabhu mahAvIra ne kahA ki - " he Atman ! tU sampUrNa vizva ke sAtha vAtsalya bhAva rkh| yadi itanA na ho sake to kama se kama parivAra vAloM ke -

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 137 prati aura sAdharmI bhAiyoM ke prati to apanI vAtsalya - bhAvanA kA vistAra honA caahie| vAtsalya - bhAva karane vAloM ko sabaka lenA hai ki samAja meM rahate hue kabhI kucha bolane athavA sunane kA prasaMga A jAe to bhI apane kSamA guNa kA vikAsa kareM, Atmavat vyavhAra kA khyAla kareM apane vAtsalya kA nirjhara bahAte rhe|" (8) prabhAvanA: sAdhanA ke kSetra meM svapara kalyANa kI bhAvanA hotI hai| jaise puSpa apanI suvAsa se svayaM bhI suvAsita hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI suvAsita karatA hai vaise hI sAdhaka sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI saurabha se svayaM bhI surabhita hotA hai aura jagat ko bhI surabhita karatA hai| sAdhanA, sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI surabhi dvArA jagata ke anya prANiyoM ko dharma - mArga kI aura AkarSita karanA hI prabhAvanA hai| prabhAvanA ATha prakAra kI hai : (1) pravacana, (2) dharmakathA, (3) vAda, (4) naimittika, (5) tapa, (6) vidyA (7) prasiddha vrata grahaNa karanA aura (8) kavitva zakti / 6. samyagdarzana guNa kI prApti ke yoga se AtmA meM prakaTa hone vAle usake pAMca lakSaNa : samyagdarzana kI, prApti ke lie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhaka AtmA ke vibhinna svarUpoM ko pahacAne / jaina saMskRti meM AtmA ke tIna rUpa haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| prathama sthiti meM sAdhAraNa jana AtmA aura zarIra ko eka dravya mAnakara para - padArthoM meM mohita banA rahatA hai| usake saMcaraNa kA yahI mUla kAraNa hai| 2 dvitIya sthiti meM yaha mohabuddhi dUra ho jAtI hai / aura sAdhaka isake bAda tRtIya avasthA antarAtmA ko prApta kara letA hai| yahA~ taka pahuMcate pahu~cate vaha AtmA ke mUla svarUpa ko pahacAnane lagatA hai aura maitrI, pramoda, karuNA va mAdhyasthya bhAvanAoM ko Ate hue zatru - mitra meM, mAna - apamAna meM, lAbha - alAbha meM loSTha - kAJcana meM samadRSTivAna ho jAtA hai| tadanantara vaha nirmala, kevala, buddha, vivikta, akSaya paramAtmapada prApta kara letA hai| zAstro meM samyaktva ke vyavahAra aura nizcaya, tathA dravya aura bhAva aise vividha bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya samyaktva kI apekSA se zAstrakAra paramarSi ne samyaktva ke pAMca lakSaNoM kA bhI sundara varNana kiyA hai| samyagdarzana guNa ko prApta puNyAtmA aise upazAntabhAva ko prApta karatA hai ki usake yoga meM vaha kinhIM bhI saMyogoM meM apane aparAdhI ke prati bhI krodha nahIM krtaa| apanA cAhe jitanA gambhIra aparAdha kisI ne kiyA ho, to bhI usakA burA ho' aisA vicAra taka usake hadaya meM paidA nahIM hotaa| vaha krodha ke vazIbhata nahIM hotA balki krodha usake vaza meM hotA 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 30 2. jJAnArNava 32 6, 3. samAdhi 15, 4. tatvArthasUtra, 7.11, 5. samAdhi 6

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138 .. samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai / use karmoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai aura karmoM; kA vipAka kitanA azubha hotA hai, yaha bhI vaha jAnatA hai, isaliye apane aparAdhI ke prati bhI vaha kSamAzIla raha sakatA hai| isa taraha vaha AtmA apane karmoM kI nirjarA dvArA svayaM kA upakAra karatA hai aura aparAdhI ke prati dayA kA bhAva rakha kara usa para bhI upakAra karatA hai| prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya ye pA~ca samyaktva ke liMga hai (i) prazama: ... zama kA artha hai zamana athavA zAnta honA / prakRSTa zamana athavA zAnta bhAva ko prazama kahA jAtA hai / vAstavika rUpa se to, anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya jahA~ taka joradAra vipAkodaya bAle hote haiM. taba taka AtmA meM prazama kA saccA bhAva prakaTa nahIM hotaa| jaba anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya kA vipAkodaya manda koTi kA hotA hai, taba prazama kA bhAva amuka aMza meM prakaTe, yaha saMbhavita hai| anantAnubaMdhI kaSAyoM ke udaya kI jaise - jaise mandatA hotI hai vaise vaise prazama kA bhAva vRddhi ko prApta kara sakatA kaSAya kI pariNati ko lekara jIva ko kaise kar3ave phaloM kI prApti hotI hai, isa sambandha meM vicAraNA Adi karane se prazama kA bhAva paidA bhI ho sakatA hai aura vRddhi ko bhI prApta kara sakatA __ krodha ke Avega aura viSayoM kI tRSNA kA zamana ho, ise bhI zama kahate haiN| jIvAjIvAdi tattvoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM calatI huI vividha bAtoM kA vicAra karake, AtmA usakA parIkSApUrvaka saccA nirNaya kare ki - jIvAjIvAdi tattvoM kA svarUpa aisA hI ho sakatA hai ata: mithyA abhiniveza rUpa durAgraha ko chor3akara AtmA satya tattva - svarUpa kA AgrahI bane, ise bhI zama kahate haiN| ukta prakAra kA prazama, samyaktva kA vAstavika koTi kA lakSaNa haiN| kyoMki jo jIva samyaktva prApta haiM, vahI jIva parIkSApUrvaka satya tattva svarUpa kA nirNaya kara sakatA hai aura usa satya tattva svarUpa kA AgrahI bana sakatA hai| aisA prazama mithyAdRSTi jIvoM meM prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA, yaha to saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA haiN| (ii) saMvega : saMvega arthAt AtmA kI ora gati / sAmAnya artha meM isakA artha anubhUti ke liye bhI prayukta hotA haiM / arthAta svAbhUti, AtmAnubhUti arthAt AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti / manopika meM AkAMkSA kI tIvratama avasthA ko bhI saMvega kahA jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM isakA artha hogA satya ko jAne kI tIvratama AkAMkSA / isI se ajJAna se jJAna kI ora pragati

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 139 hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayana - sUtra meM saMvega kA pratiphala batAte hue mahAvIra kahate haiM saMvega se mithyAtva kI vizuddhi hokara yarthAtha darzana kI upalabdhi hotI hai| samyagdarzana guNa ko prApta puNyAtmA kA saMvega bhI anupama koTi kA hotA hai| usakA antara yadi prArthanA karatA hai, to ekamAtra mokSa ke lie hI prArthanA karatA hai| kevala mokSa aura mokSa ke sAdhanoM ko chor3akara dUsarI koI vastu use prArthanA karane yogya lagatI hI nhiiN| mokSa kA sukha hI ekamAtra saccA sukha hai aura isako chAr3akara koI bhI sukha, sukha nahIM kintu duHkharUpa hai, aisI usakI dRr3ha mAnyatA hotI hai| kevala manuSya loka ke sukhoM ko hI vaha duHkharUpa mAnatA ho, aisA nahIM; parantu indra Adi devaloka ke sukhoM ko bhI vaha duHkha rUpa hI mAnatA hai| usakI mAnyatA aisI hotI hai ki viSaya aura kaSAya se janya sakha, sukha hI nahIM hai aura isalie vaha ekamAtra mokSa ke sukha ko hI vAstavika sukha mAnakara, mokSa ke atirikta aura kisI vastu kI prArthanA nahIM krtaa| samyaktva ko prApta jIva, nikAcita avirati ke udaya ke kAraNa viSayakaSAya jAnita sukha kI icchA kare, yaha saMbhava hai; isa sukha ko pAne ke lie aura ise surakSita rakhane ke lie vaha prayatna kare - yaha bhI ho sakatA hai; parantu isa sukha ko vaha saccA sukha nahIM mAnatA hai| mokSa - sukha ko hI vaha saccA sukha mAnatA hai| isalie usake mana se mokSa - sukha ko pAne kA bhAva, paudgalika sukha ke bhoga Adi meM Ananda mAnate samaya bhI jAtA nhiiN| paudgalika sukhoM ke bhoga Adi meM Ananda Ave, to bhI vaha jIva aisA hI vicAra karatA hai ki - 'merA yaha Ananda bhI mere pApodaya kA pratIka hai aura isalie du:kha kA kAraNa rUpa hai| yaha sukha isa samaya bhI duHkha mizrita hai aura pariNAma meM bhI yaha sukha mujhe duHkha dene vAlA hai| __saMvega kA mokSa kI abhilASA ke rUpa meM jaise varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaise saMvega kA artha 'saMsAra se bhaya' aisA bhI hotA hai| kaI bAra vivekI jIvoM ko aisA vicAra bhI AtA hai ki - 'vastuta: isa saMsAra meM sukha jaisA kucha hai hI nahIM ! saMsAra meM jIva ke paribhramaNa karane kI cAra gatiyA~ haiM unameM se eka bhI gati aisI nahIM hai jisameM duHkha kA sarvathA abhAva ho| kisI gati meM maraNa na ho, aisA to hai hI nahIM ! jIva ko kisI sthAna meM rahane kA bahuta - bahuta mana ho gayA ho to bhI use vaha sthAna jabardastI chor3anA par3atA hai, yaha nizcita hI hai| vivekI jIva aisA bhI vicAra karatA hai ki - 'narakagati meM jIva ko ati zIta se utpanna aura ati uSNatA se utpanna kSetravedanA ko bhoganA par3atA hai; paramAdhAmI asuroM dvArA utpanna kI huI vividha vedanAe~ bhoganI paDatI haiM; aura nAraka svayaM bhI paraspara ke vairabhAvAdi yukta vartAva se paraspara ko vedanA dene vAle banate haiN| 1. uttarAdhyana, 29/1

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi tiryaMca gati meM bhI jIva ko bhUkha, pyAsa, ThaMDa, garmI aura prahAra Adi bahutabahuta duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| svayaM ke upayoga meM AveM aise pazu pakSiyoM ko loga bandhana meM DAlate haiM, use nirdayatA pUrvaka kAma karavAte haiM, svayaM bhI una para car3ha baiThate haiM, gAr3I Adi meM jotakara daur3Ate haiM aura dIna bana kara una jIvoM ko nAcanA par3atA hai| ThaMDIgarmI, bhUkhapyAsa sahane par3ate haiM, vadhazAlA meM kaTanA par3atA hai| aise aise to aneka duHkha jIva ko tiryaMca gati meM bhoganA par3e, yaha zakya hai / 140 manuSya gati meM bhI jIva ko daridratA, durbhAgya, dAsatva, roga, zoka, viyoga Adi se utpanna hue bahuta se duHkhoM ko bhoganA par3e, yaha zakya hai| zeSa rahI huI devagati meM bhI jIva ko IrSyA, viSAda aura parAdhInatA Adi se janita anekavidha duHkha bhogane kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAyA karate haiN| isa prakAra dekhane para cAroM gatiyoM meM se eka bhI gati aisI nahIM jisameM duHkha nahIM hI ho| aisA samajhapUrvaka vicAra paidA hona para, jIva meM saMsAra se bhaya pAne kA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai aura yaha bhaya mokSa ko pAne ke bhAva ko paidA kiye binA to rahatA hI nahIM / isa taraha jIva saMsAra se bhayabhIta ho jAya, yaha saMvega hai / saMvega kA aisA bhAva sahI rUpa se to samyaktva ko prApta AtmAoM meM hI prakaTa ho sakatA hai| isalie hama dekha cuke haiM ki AcAryoM ne jaise prazama ko samyaktva ke eka liMga ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai vaise saMvega ko bhI samyaktva ke eka liMga ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| yaha saMvega aisA hai ki - isa saMvega ke bhAva ko bahuta - bahuta vikasita karake jIva samyaktva ko prApta karane vAlA bhI bana jAtA hai / aura samyaktva ko prApta jIva, saMvega ke isa bhAva meM ramatA ramatA apane caritra mohanIya karmoM kA kSayopazamAdi bhI sulabhatA se kara sakatA hai| (iii) nirveda : samyaktva kA tIsarA liMga nirveda hai| nirveda zabda kA artha hai udAsInatA, vairAgya, anAsAkti / nirveda niSkAma bhAvanA yA anAsakta dRSTi ke vikAsa kA Avazyaka aMga hai / - koI jIva karma para kAbU pA sake aura sadA ke lie sukhI ho sake, yaha zakya nahIM hone se bhagavAna ne karma se chUTane kA upAya batAyA hai| jo karma se chUTatA hai vahI sukhI ho sakatA hai, bAkI to, saMsAra meM jIva kI sthiti karmAdhIna rahane kI hI hai| aisA jo samajhe use usa karma kI, sattA se hI calane vAle isa saMsAra para mamatva bhAva nahIM rahatA hai / parantu saMsAra para mamatva bhAva na rahane mAtra kyA karmasattA kA pratIkAra ho sakatA hai ? nhiiN| karmasattA se chUTane para hI aisA ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra kA vicAra kara sakane vAle jIva ko saMsAra meM rahanA par3e, to vaha kisa prakAra rahe ? sukha pUrvaka hI rahe na ? rahanA acchA na lagane para bhI rahanA par3e to kyA duHkha nahIM hotA ? isI taraha saMsAra

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141 jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya - vAsa ke prati jo napharata paidA ho yA saMsAravAsa se thakAna AjAya use nirveda kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke jIva ke bhAva kA saMvega meM bhI samAveza hotA hai| saMsAravAsa ke prati arUci utpanna honA saMvega hai, aura mokSa kI abhilASA nirveda hai, aisA artha bhI kiyA jAtA hai| pA~ca indriyoM ke pA~ca viSayoM ke prati gRddhi ke tyAga ko bhI nirveda kahate haiN| gRddhi arthAta ati Asakti / 'viSayoM kI ati Asakti jIva ko isa loka meM bhI aneka upadravoM kA bhoga banAtI hai aura viSayoM kI ati Asakti se upArjita pApa ke kAraNa jIva ko parabhavoM meM narakAdi gatiyoM meM bhayaMkara duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM' - aise vicAra se jIva ko viSayoM ke prati virAga kA jo bhAva paidA hotA hai use bhI nirveda kahA jAtA hai| karmagranthi ko bheda dene vAle jIvoM meM aisA viSayavirAga honA svAbhAvika hai avirati ke jora vAloM meM kadAcit yaha na bhI pratIta ho yaha saMbhava hai parantu pratyakSa meM viSayavirAga na bhI pratIta ho to bhI samyaktva prApta AtmA meM usakA bhAva hotA hI hai| ___saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAnane se usake prati jo arUci utpanna hotI hai, use nirveda kaha sakate haiN| isake bAda mokSa ko jAne arthAt use mokSa prApta karane kI icchA hI ho| mokSa sukha kA jJAna ho jAne para use saMsAra ke cAhe jaise sukha ke prati bhI lAgAva nahIM hotA - yaha sukha bhogane ke lie saMsAra meM rahanA cAhie, aisA vicAra use nahIM hotaa| yaha saMvega kA AnA hai| uttama meM uttama ginA jAne vAlA bhI viSayasukha, saccA sukha nahIM hai| kevala mokSasukha hI saccA sukha hai -' aisA samyak pRthakkaraNa vaha karatA hai, isase usa jIva kI dazA aisI hotI hai ki viSayasukha meM usa AtmA ko kabhI bhI aikAntika caina (zAnti) kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| __ yaha bAta bhI samajhane yogya hai ki - virAga kA artha rAga kA sarvathA abhAva ho; aisA nhiiN| rAga kA sarvathA abhAva to zrI vItarAga ke hotA hai| jIva jahA~ taka vItarAga nahIM banatA vahA~ taka jIva meM rAga to rahatA hI hai| parantu jIva meM rAga hone para bhI vaha virAgI ho sakatA hai| saMsAra ke sukha kI ati Asakti burI lage; yaha Asakti vartamAna meM bhI duHkhadAyaka hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI du:khadAyaka hai - aisA lage to yaha bhI virAga bhAva hai| bAda meM, virAga bar3hane para aisA lagatA hai ki - 'saMsAra kA sukha cAhe jaisA ho parantu vaha saccA sukha nahIM hai|' isameM bhI rAga to ghaTA na ? phira aisA lage ki saMsAra usake sukha - duHkha ke yoga se hI sukha rUpa lagatA hai; sukharUpa lagane para bhI vaha duHkha se sarvathA mukta nahIM hai aura usakA bhoga pApa ke binA nahIM ho sakatA, isalie yaha bhaviSya ke duHkha kA bhI kAraNa hai; ata: saMsAra kA sukha vastuta: bhogane lAyaka hI nahIM hai| isasa prakAra saMsAra ke sukha ke prati rAga kA ghaTanA hI virAga kA bhAva hai|

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142 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi jaise - jaise saMsAra ke sukha kA rAga ghaTatA jAtA hai, vaise vaise virAga kA bhAva bar3hatA jAtA hai| arthAt saMsAra ke sukha para jisako thor3A bhI rAga ho use virAgI nahIM kaha sakate aisA na mAneM! parantu aisA mAneM ki virAga prakaTe binA kabhI bhI saccA dharma- rAga prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA / virAga prakaTe to hI mokSa kA rAga prakaTa ho sakatA hai aura mokSa kA rAga prakaTa ho tabhI saccA dharmarAga prakaTa ho sakatA hai| kyoMki dharma, mokSa ke upAyarUpa meM hI vastuta: AdaraNIya hai| mokSa ke sukha kA rAga jaise - jaise bar3hatA jAtA hai, vaise vaise saMsAra ke sukha kA rAga ghaTatA jAtA hai; aura isa prakAra saMsAra ke sukha kA rAga jaise- jaise ghaTatA jAtA hai vaise-vaise saccA dharmarAga bar3hatA jAtA hai| isalie tyAga karane kA mana hotA hai| mokSa ke sukha kA rAga aura saMsAra ke sukha ke prati virAga - inakA pramANa bar3hane para saMsAra ke sukha ko chor3ane kI tarapha jIva jhukatA hai| isalie vaha vratAdi meM AtA hai| jaba saMsAra ke sukha kA rAga nikala jAtA hai aura mokSa ke sukha ke rAga ke kAraNa mokSa ke upAyabhUta dharma kA rAga hI pradhAna bana jAtA hai, taba sarvavirati kA pariNAma AtmA meM prakaTa hotA hai| isa prakAra virAga aura tyAga - donoM milakara vItarAga dazA ko khIMca lAte haiN| (iv) anukampA : samyaktva kA cauthA liMga hai - anukampA / dInadukhiyoM ke duHkha ko dekhakara dila dravita ho aura usase una duHkhoM ko dUra karane kI yathAzakti pravRtti ho, use anukampA kahate haiN| parantu yaha, anukampA pakSapAta rahita ho, yaha parama Avazyaka hai| vaise to krUra se krUra svabhAva ke manuSya bhI apane - apane putra-putrI Adi sage - sambandhiyoM ke duHkha ko dekhakara du:khI hote haiN| manuSya to kyA, svabhAva se krUra pazu-pakSiyoM meM bhI apane baccoM Adi ke duHkhoM ko dekhakara unako dUra karane ke bhAva prakaTa hote haiN| to ise anukampA kahA jAya ? nhiiN| kyoMki isa prakAra duHkha se dravita ho jAnA aura duHkha ko dUra karane kI pravRtti karanA, mamatva bhAva ko lekara banatA hai| kevala mamatva bhAva ke kAraNa hI, anya ke duHkha se dila dravita ho aura mamatva ke kAraNa hI usa duHkha ko dUra karane kI pravRtti ho, isameM vastuta: anukampA kA bhAva nahIM hai| __ anukampA kA bhAva to komala hyadaya kI apekSA rakhatA hai| kisI ke bhI duHkha ko dekhakara hRdaya dravita ho aura usake duHkha ko dUra karane kI yathAzakya pravRtti ho, yaha anukampA kA viSaya hai| isa kAraNa pakSapAta rahita hokara duHkhiyoM ke duHkha ko dekhakara dila dravita ho aura pakSapAta rahita hokara unake duHkhoM ko dUra karane kI yathAzakya pravRtti ho, ise anukampA kahate haiN| isa taraha hRdaya ke dravita hone meM aura duHkha ko dUra karane kI yathAzakya pravRtti hone meM vastuta: dRSTi 'duHkhI kauna hai' isa para nahIM hotI parantu usa duHkhI ke kevala duHkha kI tarapha hI dRSTi hotI hai|

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 143 anukampA ke do prakAra haiM - dravya aura bhAva / samyagdRSTi AtmA sAmarthya ke anusAra donoM prakAra kI anukampA karane vAlA hotA hai| ata: anukampA samyaktva kA eka liMga mAnI jAtI hai| anukampA kA bhAva bhI eka aisA bhAva hai jisakI ramaNatA bar3hane se kaSAya bhAva manda - manda koTi kA banatA jAtA hai| anukampAhInatA kaSAyabhAva kI uttejaka hai aura anukampAzIlatA kaSAyabhAva kI zAmaka hai| ata: samyaktva - prApta AtmAoM ko anukampAzIla banakara bhI cAritramohanIya kI pravRtiyoM ko balahIna Adi banAne kA kArya karanA caahie| kaSAyoM kA jora anukampA bhAva meM antarAya karane vAlA hai aura anukampA bhAva kA jora kaSAyabhAva ko manda banAne vAlA hai| anukampA kA artha karate hue aisA bhI kahA gayA hai ki - 'mere dvArA kisI bhI choTe - baDe, sUkSma - sthUla jIva ko duHkha na upje| isa taraha mujhe bartAva karanA cAhie - aisI mana meM bhAvanA prakaTa ho aura use lekara tadanurUpa jo kucha bhI bartAva karane kI icchA ho aura bartAva ho, yaha bhI anukaMpA hai| jisa jIva meM aisA anukampAbhAva prakaTa hotA hai, vaha jIva yathAzakya kisI bhI dukhI jIva ke duHkha kA nivAraNa karane kA prayatna kiye binA kaise raha sakatA hai| ataH samyaktva kA pariNAma jisa bhAgyazAlI jIva meM prakaTa hotA hai usa jIva meM anukaMpAbhAva bhI sahajarUpa se prakaTa hotA hai| isalie usake lie samyagjJAna ke upArjana kI tathA samyak cAritra ke pAlana kI abhilASA bhI sahaja bana jAtI hai| (v) Astikya: Astikya zabda AstikatA kA dyotaka hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma-siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha Astika hai| zuddha Astikya kise kahA jAya? jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM ke astitva mAtra ko mAnane se zuddha Astikya hai aisA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| parantu jIva - ajIva Adi tattva jaisejaise svarUpa vAle haiM, usa - usa svarUpa vAle jIva ajIva Adi tattvoM ko mAnanA, yaha zuddha Astikya hai| niSkarma ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM samyak darzana kA hamAre jIvana meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vaha anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA kA kendriya tattva haiN| hamAre caritra yA vyaktitva kA nirmANa isI jIvanadRSTi ke AdhAra para hotA hai| samatvapUrNa va zAntimaya jIvana jIne ke liye samyakdarzana se yA zraddhA se yukta honA Avazyaka haiN|

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144 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi samyagjJAna kA artha tathA mahattva: dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi para hI jJAna kI samyaktA nirbhara karatI hai| ata: jaina sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai samyakjJAna / samyakjJAna ko mukti kA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina kauna sA jJAna mukti ke liye Avazyaka hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| anAdikAla se yaha jIva mohanIya karma ke udaya se saMsAra meM saMcaraNa kara rahA hai aura samyakjJAna ke binA usakA tapa nirarthaka - sA ho rahA hai| parantu jisa prakAra suhAge aura namaka ke jala se saMyukta hokara svarNa vizuddha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra jJAna rUpI nirmala jala se yaha jIva bhI zuddha ho jAtA hai| 'jaha kacarNaM visudhda dhammaiyaM khaDiyalavaNaleveNa / taha jIvo vi visudhdo NANavisaliteNa vimaleNa / ' jIva aura ajIva ke pArthakya ko samajhanA hI samyagjJAna hai / vaha samyagjJAnI, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi doSoM se rahita ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM use trikAlavartI padArtha yugapat pratibimbita hone lagate haiN| yahI yugapat pratibimbita yogIjanoM kA locana hai| jaina-sAdhanAmArga meM praviSTa hone kI pahalI zarta yahI hai ki vyakti apane ajJAna athavA ayathArtha jJAna kA nirAkaraNa kara samyak (yathArtha) jJAna ko prApta kre| sAdhanA mArga ke pathika ke lie jaina RSiyoM kA cira sandeza hai ki prathama jJAna aura tatpazcAt ahiMsA kA AcaraNa; saMyamI sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA yahI krama hai| sAdhaka ke lie sva-parasvarUpa kA bhAna, heya aura upAdeya kA jJAna aura zubhAzubha kA viveka sAdhanA ke rAjamArga para bar3hane ke lie Avazyaka hai| uparyukta jJAna kI sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke lie kyA AvazyakatA hai isakA kramika aura sundara vivecana dazavaikAlika sUtra meM milatA hai| usameM AcArya likhate haiM ki jo AtmA aura anAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai aisA jJAnavAna sAdhaka sAdhanA (saMyama) ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAna letA hai, kyoMki jo AtmasvarUpa aura jar3asvarUpa ko yathArtha rUpeNa jAnatA hai, vaha sabhI jIvAtmAoM ke saMsAra - paribhramaNa rUpa vividha (mAnava, pazu - Adi) gatiyoM ko jAna bhI letA hai aura jo ina vividha gatiyoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha (isa paribhramaNa ke kAraNa rUpa)puNya, pApa, bandhana tathA mokSa ke 1. SaTa prAbhRta 6.9 2. SaTa prAbhRta 2.38 3. jJAnArNava 7.2 4. paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA evaM ciTThai svvsNje| - dazavaikAlika, 4/10 (pUrvArdha)

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145 jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya svarUpa ko bhI jAna letA hai| puNya, pApa, baMdhana aura mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAnane para sAdhaka bhogoM kI nissAratA ko samajha letA hai aura unase virakta (anAsakta) ho jAtA hai| bhogoM se virakta hone para bAhya aura Antarika saMsArika saMyogo ko chor3akara municaryA dhAraNa kara letA hai| tatpazcAt utkRSTa saMbara (vAsanAoM ke niyantraNa) se uttama dharma kA AsvAdana karatA hai, jisase vaha ajJAnakAlimA - janyakarmamala ko jhAr3a detA hai aura kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta kara tadantara mukti-lAbha kara letA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM jJAna kA mahattva batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ajJAna evaM mohajanya andhakAra ko naSTa kara sarva tathyoM (yathArthatA) ko prakAzita karatA hai| 2 satya ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA ekameva sAdhana jJAna hI hai / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM, jJAna hI manuSya-jIvana kA sAra hai| vyakti Asrava, azuci, vibhAva aura duHkha ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara hI unase nivRtta ho sakatA hai| bauddha-sAdhanA meM jaina - sAdhanA ke samAnahI ajJAna ko baMdhana kA aura jJAna ko mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| suttanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM, avidyA ke kAraNa hI (loga) bArambAra janma - mRtyu rUpI saMsAra meM Ate haiM, eka gati se dUsarI gati ko prApta hote haiN| bauddha dharma meM isI samyagjJAna ko prajJA kahA hai| dharma ke svabhAva kA viziSTa jJAna prajJA hai - dhammasabhAvaparivedhalakkhaNA pnyjaa| mohAndhakAra kA nAza karanA isakA kRtya hai| yahA~ prajJAvAna sAdhaka kI sthiti ko bar3e sundara DhaMga se buddhaghoSa ne samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| jisa prakAra eka abodha bAlaka kArSApaNa ko upabhoga - paribhoga kA sAdhana na mAnakara eka citra-vicitra rUpa mAtra mAnatA hai, grAmINa vyakti ukta donoM bAtoM ko jAnatA hai para yaha nahIM jAnatA ki yaha kArSApaNa khoTA hai athavA cokhA hai, parantu eka herambhika (sarApha) una samI prakAroM ko jAnatA hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda va sparza se saMyukta athavA pRthaka rUpa se kArSApaNa ke guNa - avaguNa ko sahI rUpa meM samajhatA hai| prajJAvAna bhI aisA hI hotA hai| vaha viziSTa rUpa se viziSTa AkAra ko vividha prakAra se jAnatA hai| jisa vyakti meM prajJA hotI hai vahI nirvANa ke samIpa hotA hai| bhagavad gItA kI dRSTi meM jJAna mukti kA sAdhana hai aura ajJAna vinAza kaa| gItAkAra kA kathana hai ki ajJAnI, azraddhAlu aura saMzayayukta vyakti vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| jabaki jJAnarUpI 1. dazavaikAlika, 4/14 - 27 / 2. uttarAdhyayana, 32/2. 3. darzana pAhuDa, 31. 4. samayasAra, 72. 5. suttanipAta, 38/6. 6. visuddhimagga 14, pR0. 305,. 7. visuddhimagga, 14 pR. 308. 8. dhammapada 372 9. bhagavadgItA 4/40

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146 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi naukA kA Azraya lekara pApI se pApI vyakti pAparupI samudra se pAra ho jAtA hai| jJAna-agni samasta karmoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| isa jagata meM jJAna ke samAna pavitra karane vAlA anya kucha nahIM adhyAtma-zAstra meM samyak Atma-bodha ko hI vastuta: samyak jJAna kahA jAtA hai| aura yaha samyak Atma-bodha tabhI sambhava hai, jabaki samyak darzana kI upalabdhi ho cukI ho ata: adhyAtma-zAstra meM samyak darzana kA sahabhAvI jJAna hI samyak jJAna kahA jAtA hai / jJAna AtmA kA eka guNa hai usake do paryAya haiM - samyak jJAna aura mithyjnyaan| samyak jJAna usakA zuddha paryAya hai aura mithyajJAna usakA azuddha paryAya hai| samyak darzana ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva para hI yaha zuddhatA aura azuddhatA nirbhara hai| prazna hotA hai, ki jJAna utpanna kaise hotA hai ? jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna aura jJeya donoM svatantra hai| jJeya tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - dravya, guNa aura paryAya / jahA~ taka jJAna kI utpatti kA prazna hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, ki na to jJeya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura na jJeya jJAna se| hamArA jJAna jJeya ko jAnatA hai, jJeya se utpanna nahIM hotA hai| jJAna AtmA meM apane guNa svarUpa se sadA avasthita rahatA hai aura paryAya rUpa se pratikSaNa parivartita hotA rahatA hai| zAstra meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda mAne gaye haiM - matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana :paryAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna / 4 ina pA~ca jJAnoM ke sambandha meM mUlata: kisI prakAra kA vicAra-bheda na hone para bhI inake vargIkaraNa kI paddhati avazyaka bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI rahI hai| Agama kAla se Age calakara pramANazAstra meM jJAna ke bheda-prabheda kA jo kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha vastuta: tarka-vikAsa kA pratIka hai| jaba hama darzanazAstra kA adhyayana karate haiM, taba jJAta hotA hai, ki mUla meM jJAna ke jo pA~ca bheda haiM, unhIM ko darzana-zAstra evaM pramANa-zAstra meM tarkAnukUla banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| parantu isa prayatna meM mUla mAnyatA meM kisI bhI prakAra kI gar3abar3a nahIM huI hai| Agama-zAstra meM jJAna ke sIdhe jo pA~ca bheda kiye gae haiM , unhIM ko darzana-zAstra meM do bhAgoM me vibhAjita kara diyA hai - pratyakSa pramANa aura parokSa pramANa / pramANa ke ina do bhedoM meM jJAna ke samasta bhedoM kA samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa pramANa mAnA gayA hai tathA avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa mAnA gayA hai| 1. gItA, 4/36 2. gItA, 4/37 3. gItA 4/38 4. matizratAvadhimana:paryAyakevalAni jJAnama a. 1 satra 1-9 tattvArtha satra. umAsvAti /

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 147 mUla Agama meM jJAna ke sIdhe pA~ca bheda svIkAra kie gaye haiN| pA~ca jJAnoM meM pahalA jJAna hai - matijJAna / matijJAna kA artha hai - indriya aura mana-sApekSa jJAna / jisa jJAna se indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rahatI hai, use yahA~ para matijJAna kahA gayA hai| zAstra meM matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI rUpa meM smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra matijJAna ke do bheda haiM - indriyajanya jJAna aura manojanyajJAna / jisa jJAna kI utpati meM mAtra indriya nimitta ho, vaha indriyajanya jJAna hai aura jisa jJAna kI utpatti meM mAtra mana hI nimitta ho, vaha manojanya jJAna haiN| pA~co indriyoM kA viSaya bhinna-bhinna hai| eka indriya dUsarI indriya ke viSaya ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI, udAharaNa ke lie rUpa ko cakSu hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, zrotra nahIM; aura zabda ko zrotra hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, cakSu nhiiN| pratyeka indriya kI apanI apanI viSayagata sImA aura maryAdA hai| parantu mana ke viSaya meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mana eka sUkSma indriya haiM, jo sabhI indriyoM ke sabhI viSayoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para mana ko sarvArthagrAhI indriya kahA jAtA hai| mana ko kahIM - kahI para anindriya bhI kahA gayA hai| mana ko anindriya kahane kA abhiprAya yahI hai, ki usakA koI bAhya AkAra na hone se vaha atyanta sUkSma hai| ata: vaha indriya na hote hue bhI indriya sadRza hai| mana ke do bheda kie gae haiM - dravyamana aura bhAvamana / dravyamana paudgalika hai| bhAvamana upayoga rUpa hai| isa prakAra zAstroM meM mana ke svarUpa kA jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhAvamana saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI ko hotA hai, kintu dravyamana kisI ko hotA hai, aura kisI ko nahIM bhI hotA haiN| jisa saMsArI jIva meM bhAvamana ke sAtha dravyamana bhI ho, vaha saMjJI kahalAtA hai aura jisake bhAvamana ke sAtha dravyamana na ho to vaha asaMjJI kahA jAtA hai| mana kA kArya - cintana karanA / vaha svatantra ciMtana ke atirikta indriya dvArA dvArA gRhIta vastuoM ke bAre meM bhI cintana karatA hai| mana meM eka aisI zakti hai, jisase vaha indriyoM se agRhIta artha kA cintana bhI kara sakatA hai| isI ko manojanyajJAna kahA gayA hai| kisI bhI padArtha ke jJAna ke lie indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA apekSita to rahatI hI hai, kintu anya bhI prakAza Adi kucha aise kAraNa haiM, jo matijJAna meM nimitta hote haiN| kintu yaha prakAza Adi jJAnotpatti ke anivArya aura avyavahita kAraNa nahIM hai| AkAza aura kAla Adi kI bhA~ti vyavahita kAraNa ho sakate haiN| matijJAna ke zAstroM meM mukhya rUpa se cAra bheda kie gae haiM - avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA / yadyapi matijJAna ke anya bhI bahuta se bhedaprabheda hote haiM, kintu mukhya rUpa meM matijJAna ke itane hI bheda haiN|

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi pA~ca jJAnoM meM dUsarA jJAna hai shrutjnyaan| zrutajJAna kyA hai yaha atIva vicAraNIya prazna hai| matijJAnottara jo cintana manana ke dvArA paripakva jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| isakA yaha artha hai ki indriya evaM mana ke nimitta se jo jJAnadhArA pravAhita hotI hai, usakA pUrvarUpa matijJAna hai, aura usI kA mana ke dvArA manana hone para jo adhika spaSTa uttara rUpa hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| yaha zrutajJAna kA dArzanika vizleSaNa hai / prAcIna Agama kI bhASA meM zrutajJAna kA artha hai: vaha jJAna, jo zruta se arthAt zAstra se sambaddha ho / Apta puruSa dvArA praNIta Agama yA anya zAstroM se jo jJAna hotA hai, use zruta - jJAna kahate haiM / zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai| zrutajJAna meM anya jJAnoM kI apekSA eka vizeSatA hai| cAra jJAna mUka haiM, jaba ki zrutajJAna mukhara hai| cAra jJAnoM se vastu svarUpa kA paribodha to ho sakatA hai, kintu vastu svarUpa kA kathana nahIM ho sktaa| vastu svarUpa ke kathana kI zakti zrutajJAna meM hI hotI hai| kyoMki zrutajJAna zabdapradhAna hotA hai| zrutajJAna ke do bheda haiM- dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta zruta kA jJAnAtmaka rupa bhAvazruta hai aura zabdAtmaka rUpa dravya zruta hai| yahA~ eka prazna hotA hai ki zrutajJAna matipUrvaka kyoM hotA hai ? ukta prazna ke samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai, ki zrutajJAna ke lie zabdazravaNa Avazyaka hai, kyoMki zAstra vacanAtmaka hotA hai| zabda kA zravaNa matijJAna hai, kyoMki vaha zrotra kA viSaya hai| jaba zabda suna liyA jAtA hai, tabhI usake artha kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| zabdazravaNa rUpa jo jJAna hai, vaha matijJAna hai, usake bAda utpanna hone vAlA vikasita jJAna zrutajJAna hotA hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna usakA kArya hai| matijJAna hogA, tabhI zrutajJAna hogaa| yahA~ para eka bAta aura samajhane yogya hai ki zrutajJAna kA antaraMga kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSamopazama hI hai| matijJAna to usakA bahiraMga kAraNa hai, isI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki zrutajJAna se pUrva matijJAna hotA hai arthAt matijJAna ke hone para hI zrutajJAna ho sakatA hai| 148 pA~ca jJAnoM meM tIsarA jJAna hai - avadhijJAna / avadhijJAna cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai| avadhijJAna rUpI padArthoM kA hotA hai| avadhijJAna kyA hai ? isake sambandha meM kahA gayA hai, ki avadhi kA artha hai - siimaa| jisa jJAna kI sImA hotI hai, use avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| avadhijJAna kI sImA kyA hai ? rUpI padArthoM ko jAnanA / avadhijJAna ke do bheda haiM- bhava pratyaya aura guNa pratyaya | bhava pratyaya avadhijJAna deva aura nAraka ko hotA hai| guNa pratyaya avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryaJca ko hotA hai| jo avadhijJAna binA kisI sAdhanA ke mAtra janma ke sAtha hI prakaTa hotA hai, use bhava pratyaya kahate haiN| jo avadhijJAna kisI sAdhanA-vizeSa se prakaTa hotA hai, use guNa pratyaya kahA jAtA hai| pA~ca jJAnoM meM cauthA jJAna hai - mana: pryaayjnyaan| yaha jJAna manuSya gati ke atirikta anya kisI gati meM nahIM hotA hai; manuSya meM bhI saMyata manuSya ko hI hotA hai, asaMyata manuSya ko nahIM /

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 149 mana:paryAyajJAna kA artha hai manuSyoM ke mana ke cintita artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna / mana eka prakAra kA paudgalika dravya hai| jaba vyakti kisI viSaya-vizeSa kA vicAra karatA hai, taba usake mana kA tadanusAra paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| mana:paryAyajJAnI mana ke ina paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| usa para se vaha yaha jAna sakatA hai, ki amuka vyakti kisa samaya kyA bAta socatA rahA hai| ata:manaparyAyajJAna kA artha hai - mana ke pariNamana kA sAkSAt pratyakSa karake manuSya ke cintita artha ko jAna lenA / mana:paryAyajJAna ke do bheda haiM - Rjumati aura vipulamati / Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati kA jJAna vizuddhatara hotA hai| kyoki vipulamati Rjumati kI apekSA mana ke ati sUkSma pariNAmoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki Rjumati pratipAtI hotA hai aura vipulamati apratipAtI hotA hai| yahI ina donoM meM antara hai| avadhijJAna aura mana:paryAyajJAna pratyakSa avazya hai, kyoMki ye donoM jJAna sIdhe AtmA se hI hote haiM, inake lie indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| kintu avadhijJAna aura mana:paryAya jJAna donoM hI vikala pratyakSa hai, jabaki kevalajJAna sakala pratyakSa hotA hai| avadhi jJAna kevala rUpI padArthoM ko hI pratyakSa kara sakatA hai aura, mana:paryAyajJAna rUpI padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAga mana ke paryAyoM ko hI pratyakSa kara sakatA hai| isalie ye donoM vikala pratyakSa haiN| pA~ca jJAnoM meM pAcavA~ jJAna hai - kevalajJAna / yaha jJAna vizuddhatama hai| kevalajJAna ko advitIya aura paripUrNa jJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| Agama kI bhASA meM ise kSAyika jJAna kahA jAtA hai| AtmA kI jJAna-zakti kA pUrNa vikAsa athavA avirbhAva kevalajJAna hai| isake prakaTa hote hI, phira zeSa jJAna nahIM rhte| kevalajJAna sampUrNa jJAna hai, ata: usake sAtha mati Adi apUrNa jJAna nahIM raha sakate / jaina darzana ke anusAra kevalajJAna AtmA kI jJAnazakti kA carama vikAsa hai| kevala se bar3hakara anya koI jJAna nahIM hotA hai| isa jJAna meM atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke ananta padArtha aura pratyeka padArtha ke ananta guNa aura paryAya kevalajJAna ke darpaNa meM pratikSaNa pratibimbita hote rahate haiN| kevala jJAna deza aura kAla kI sImA-bandhana se mukta hokara rUpI evaM arUpI samagra ananta padArthoM ko pratyakSa karatA hai| ata: use sakala pratyakSa kahate haiN| ata: niSkarSa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya paramparA meM samyagjJAna, vidyA athavA prajJA ke jisa rupa ko AdhyAtmika evaM naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, vaha mAtra bauddhika jJAna nahIM hai| vaha tArkika vizleSaNa nahIM, varana eka aparokSAnubhUti hai / bauddhika vizleSaNa paramArtha kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM karA sakatA, isalie yaha mAnA gayA ki bauddhika vivecanAoM se Upara uThakara hI tattva kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava hai|

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi samyagjJAna vaha beTarI hai, jo andhakAra meM bhaTakate pathika ko mArga pradarzita karatI hai| yaha vaha sUrya hai, jo AtmArUpI vizva ke andhakAra ko dUra karatA hai, yaha vaha nanhA bAlaka hai, jo kitane hI andha puruSoM ko sanmArga para lagA detA hai| jo isa mantra kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai, use yaha dRr3ha zraddhA dvArA cAritra rUpI supatha para calA kara mokSa rUpI mahala meM vizrAma ke lie pahuMcA detA hai| vahA~ use sAMsArika janma - maraNa tathA sukha-duHkha se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| vahA~ use usa parama zAnti kI prApti hotI hai jo kabhI jA nahIM sktii| samyak cAritra kA artha tathA mahatva samyak darzana aura samyakjJAna kI prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko samyak cAritra kA paripAlana karanA par3atA hai| samyakcAritra ke binA usakA darzana aura jJAna nirarthaka hai| tInoM kA samanvayAtmaka rUpa hI mukti kA mArga hai| samyaktva rahita ko jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke binA cAritra ke guNa nahIM Ate / cAritra rahita ko mokSa prApta nahIM hotA aura binA mukta hue nirvANa prApta nahIM hotaa| samasta pApa kriyAoM ko chor3akara para padArthoM meM rAga-dveSa ko dUra kara, udAsIna aura mAdhyasthya bhAva kI aGgIkRti samyagcAritra hai|' ___ samyagcAritra do prakAra kA hai - eka sarvadezavirati athavA mahAvrata jise muni pAlana karatA hai aura dUsarA ekadezavirati athavA aNuvrata jise zrAvaka grahaNa karatA hai| muni va zrAvaka ke lie bAraha prakAra ke vrata nirdiSTa haiM - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, divrata, devavrata aura anarthadaNDavrata tathA sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopayogaparimANa aura atithisaMvibhAgavata / zrAvaka ina bAraha aNuvratoM ko pAlatA huA AdhyAtmika utkarSa karatA jAtA hai aura tadartha vaha darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadha, sacittatyAga, rAtribhojanatyAga, brahmacarya, ArambhatyAga, parigrahatyAga, anumatityAga evaM uddiSThatyAga ina gyAraha pratijJAoM kA kramaza: yathAzakti pAlana karatA hai| inheM pratimA kahA gayA hai| 1. SaT prAbhRta 65 2. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH, tattvArthasUtra 1.1 3. uttarAdhyayana 28.30 4. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 30

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 151 jaina vicAraNA meM kahA gayA hai ki prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA karanA cAhie; tarka se tattva kA vizleSaNa karanA caahie| ' lekina tArkika yA bauddhika jJAna bhI aMtima nahIM hai| tArkika jJAnajaba taka anubhUti se pramANita nahIM hotA vaha pUrNatA taka nahIM pahu~catA hai| tarka yA buddhi ko anubhUti kA sambala caahie| darzana parikalpanA hai, jJAna prayoga vidhi hai aura cAritra prayoga hai| tInoM ke saMyoga se satya kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| jJAna kA sAra AcaraNa hai aura AcaraNa kA sAra nirvANa yA paramArtha kI upalabdhi hai| ' satya jaba taka svayaM ke anubhavoM meM prayogasiddha nahIM bana jAtA, taba taka vaha satya nahIM hotaa| satya tabhI pUrNa satya hotA hai jaba vaha anubhUta ho| isIlie uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai ki jJAna ke dvArA paramArtha kA svarUpa jAneM, zraddhA ke dvArA svIkAra kareM, aura AcaraNa ke dvArA usakA sAkSAtkAra kare / yahA~ sAkSAtkAra kA artha hai satya, paramArtha yA sattA ke sAtha ekarasa ho jAnA / jJAna to dizA-nirdeza karatA hai, sAkSAtkAra to svayaM karanA hotA hai, sAkSAtkAra kI yahI prakriyA AcaraNa yA cAritra hai / 2 samyak cAritra kA artha hai cita athavA AtmA kI vAsanAoM kI malinatA aura asthiratA ko samApta karanA / yaha asthiratA yA malinatA svAbhAvika nahIM varan vaibhAvika hai, bAhyabhautika evaM tajjanita Antarika kAraNoM se hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAe~ isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI haiM / samayasAra meM kahA hai ki tattva dRSTi se AtmA zuddha hai| bhagavAna buddha bhI kahate haiM ki bhikSuoM ! yaha citta svAbhAvika rUpa meM zuddha hai| * gItA bhI use avikArI kahatI hai| ' AtmA yA citta kI jo azuddhatA hai, malinatA hai, asthiratA yA caMcalatA hai, vaha bAhya hai, asvAbhAvika hai / jaina-darzana usa malinatA ke kAraNa ko karmamala mAnatA hai, gItA use triguNa kahatI hai aura bauddhadarzana bAhya kahA gayA hai / svabhAvataH nIce kI ora bahane vAlA pAnI dabAva se Upara car3hane lagatA hai, svabhAva se zItala jala ani ke saMyoga se uSNatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra AtmA yA citta svabhAva se zuddha hote hue bhI triguNoM, karmoM yA bAhya maloM se azuddha bana jAtI hai| lekIna jaise hI dabAva samApta hotA hai pAnI svabhAvataH nIce kI ora bahane lagatA hai, ani kA saMyoga dUra hone para jala zItala hone lagatA hai| ThIka isI prakAra bAhya saMyogoM se alaga hone para yaha AtmA yA citta punaH apanI svAbhAvika samatvapUrNa avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| samyak AcaraNa 1. uttarAdhyayana 23/25 2. AcArAMganiryukti, 244 3. samayasAra, 151 4. aMguttaranikAya, 1/5/8 5. gItA, 2 / 25

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152 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi yA cAritra kA kArya ina saMyogoM se AtmA yA citta ko alaga rakha kara svAbhAvika samatva kI dizA meM le jAnA hai| jaina AcAra-darzana meM samyakcAritra kA kArya AtmA ke samatva kA saMsthApana mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki cAritra hI vAstava meM dharma hai, jo dharma hai vaha samatva hai aura moha evaM kSobha se rahita AtmA kI zuddha dazA ko prApta karanA samatva hai| ' paMcAstikAyasAra meM ise adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki samabhAva hI cAritra hai| cAritra ke do rUpa jaina paramparA meM cAritra ke do prakAra nirUpita hai - 1vyavahAracAritra aura 2. nishcycaaritr| AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vividha vidhAna vyavahAracAritra hai aura AcaraNa kA bhAvapakSa yA antarAtmA nizcayacAritra hai| jahA~ taka naitikatA ke vaiyaktika dRSTikoNa kA prazna hai athavA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prazna hai, nizcayacAritra hI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| lekina jahA~ taka sAmAjika jIvana kA prazna hai, cAritra kA yaha bAhyapakSa hI pramukha hai| nizcaya - dRSTi se cAritra cAritra kA saccA svarUpa samatva kI upalabdhi hai| cAritra kA yaha pakSa AtmaramaNa hI hai| nizcayacAritra kA prAdurbhAva kevala apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM honevAle sabhI kArya zuddha hI mAne gaye haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga, dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAnta ho jAtI hai, tabhI sacce naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai aura aisA hI sadAcAra mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| apramatta cetanA jo ki nizcaya - cAritra kA AdhAra hai rAga, dveSa, kaSAya, viSayavAsanA, Alasya aura nidrA se rahita avasthA hai| sAdhaka jaba jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA ke sampAdana meM jAgrata hotA hai, usakA AcaraNa bAhya AvegoM aura vAsanAoM se calita nahIM hotA hai, tabhI vaha sacce arthoM meM nizcaya-cAritra kA pAlana kartA mAnA jAtA hai / yahI nizcaya-cAritra mukti kA sopAna hai| vyavahAracAritra : ___ vyavahAracAritra kA sambandha hamAre mana, vacana aura karma kI zuddhi tathA usa zuddhi ke kAraNabhUta niyamoM se hai| sAmAnyatayA vyavahAra - cAritra meM paMca mahAvratoM, tIna guptiyo, paMcasamitiyoM Adi 1. pravacanasAra, 1/7 2. paMcAstikAyasAra, 170 3. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga pR0 85 - 86

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 153 kA samAveza hai / vyavahAracAritra bhI do prakAra kA hai - 1. samyaktvAcaraNa aura 2. sNymaacrnn| vyavahAra - cAritra ke prakAra : cAritra ko dezavratI cAritra aura sarvavratI cAritra aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| dezavratI cAritra kA sambandha gRhastha upAsakoM se aura sarvavratI cAritra kA sambandha zramaNa varga se hai| jaina - paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra ke antargata aSTamUla guNa, SaTkarma, bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana AtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM aSTamUla guNoM ke sthAna para saptavyasana tyAga evaM 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM kA vidhAna milatA hai| isI prakAra usameM SaTkarma ko Sar3Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, rAtribhojana niSedha, paMcasamiti, tInagupti, dasa yatidharma, bAraha anuprekSAe~, bAIsa parISaha, ahhvAisa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra Adi kA vivecana upalabdha hai| cAritra kA caturvidha vargIkaraNa : ___ sthAnAMgasUtrameM nirdoSa AcaraNa kI apekSA se cAritra kA caturvidha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jaise ghaTa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM vaise hI cAritra bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| ghaTa ke cAra prakAra hai - 1. bhinna (phUTA huA), 2. rjajarita, 3. parisrAvI aura, 4. aparisAvI / isI prakAra cAritra bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. phUTe huai ghar3e ke samAna : arthAt jaba sAdhaka aMgIkRta mahAvratoM ko sarvathA bhaMga kara detA hai to usakA cAritra phUTe ghar3e ke samAna hotA hai| naitika dRSTi se usakA mUlya samApta ho jAtA 2. jarjarita ghaTa ke samAna : sadoSa cAritra jarjarita ghaTa ke samAna hotA hai| jaba koI muni aisA aparAdha karatA hai jisake kAraNa usakI dIkSA-paryAya kA cheda kiyA jAtA hai to aise muni kA cAritra jarjarita ghaTa ke samAna hotA hai / 3. parisrAvI : jisa cAritra meM sUkSma doSa hote haiM vaha cAritra parisrAvI kahA jAtA hai| 4. aparisrAvI : nirdoSa evaM niraticAra cAritra aparisrAvI kahA jAtA hai|' cAritra kA paMcavidha vargIkaraNa : 2 tacvArthasUtra (9 / 18) ke anusAra cAritra pA~ca prakAra kA hai - 1. sAmAyika cAritra, 2. chedopasthApanIya cAritra, 3. parihAravizuddhi cAritra, 4. sUkSma samparAya cAritra aura 5. yathAkhyAta caaritr| 1. sthAnAMga , 4/595 2. tattvArtha sUtra, AcArya umAsvAti

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154 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi 1. sAmAyika cAritra: vAsanAoM, kaSAyoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se nivRtti tathA samabhAva kI prApti sAmAyika cAritra hai| vyavahArika dRSTi se hiMsAdi bAhya pApoM se virati bhI sAmAyika cAritra hai| sAmAyika cAritra do prakAra kA haiM - (a) itvarakAlika - jo thor3e samaya ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura (ba) yAvatkathita - jo sampUrNa jIvana ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 2. chedopasthApanIya cAritra : jisa cAritra ke AdhAra para zramaNa jIvana meM variSThatA aura kaniSThatA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai vaha chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai| yaha sadAcaraNa kA bAhya rUpa hai| isase AcAra ke pratipAdita niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai aura niyama ke pratikUla AcaraNa para daNDa dene kI vyavasthA hotI hai| 3. parihAravizuddhi cAritra : jisa AcaraNa ke dvArA karmoM kA athavA doSoM kA parihAra hokara nirjarA ke dvArA vizuddhi ho vaha parihAravizuddhi cAritra hai| 4. sUkSma samparAya cAritra : jisa avasthA meM kaSAya - vRttiyA~ kSINa hokara kiMcit rUpa meM hI avaziSTa rahI hoM, vaha sUkSma samparAya cAritra hai| 5. yathAkhyAta cAritra : kaSAya Adi sabhI prakAra ke doSoM se rahita nirmala evaM vizuddha cAritra yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| yathAkhyAta cAritra nizcayacAritra hai| cAritra kA trividha vargIkaraNa vAsanAoM ke kSaya, upazama aura kSayopazama ke AdhAra para cAritra ke tIna bheda haiN| 1. kSAyika, 2. aupazamika aura 3. kSAyopazamikA kSAyika cAritra hamAre Atma svabhAva se pratiphalita hotA hai usakA srota hamArI AtmA hI hai, jaba ki aupazamika cAritra meM yadyapi AcaraNa samyak hotA hai, lekina AtmasvabhAva se pratiphalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha kamoM ke upazama se pragaTa hotA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM kSAyika cAritra meM vAsanAoM kA nirasana ho - 1. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga, pR. 87

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 155 jAtA hai, jaba ki aupazamika cAritra meM mAtra vAsanAoM kA damana hotA hai / vAsanAoM kA damana aura vAsanAoM ke nirasana meM jo antara hai, vahI antara aupazamika aura kSAyika cAritra meM hai| naitika sAdhanA kA lakSya vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, varan usakA nirasana yA pariSkAra hai| ata: cAritra kA kSAyika prakAra hI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| cAritra ke uparyukta sabhI prakAra Atmazodhana kI prakriyAe~ haiN| jo prakriyA jitanI adhika mAtrA meM AtmA ko rAga, dveSa aura moha se nirmala banAtI hai, vAsanAoM kI Aga se tapta mAnasa ko zItala karatI hai aura saMkalpoM aura vikalpoM ke caMcala jhaMjhAvAta se bacA kara citta ko zAnti evaM sthiratA pradAna karatI hai aura sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana meM samatva kI saMsthApanA rakhatI hai, vaha utanI hI adhika mAtrA meM cAritra ke ujjavalatama pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai| bauddha darzana meM samyak cAritra bauddha sAdhanA ukta jaina sAdhanA ke kAfI nikaTa hai| usameM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kI vivecanA hai jisameM zIla aura samAdhi kA antarbhAva samyak cAritra meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| prANAtipAtAdohi se virakta rahane vAlI mAnasika avasthA ko zIla kahate haiM - pANAtipAtAdohi vA viramantasya vattapaTipattiM vA pUrentassa cetanAdayo dhmmaa| bauddha paramparA meM nirvANa kI prApti ke lie zIla ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / zIla aura zruta yA AcaraNa aura jJAna donoM hI bhikSu - jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai| unameM bhI zIla adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| vizuddhimArga meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi bhikSu alpazruta bhI hotA hai, kintu zIlavAna hai to zIla hI usakI prazaMsA kA kAraNa hai| usake lie zruta apane Apa pUrNa ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta yadi bhikSu bahuzruta bhI hai kintu duHzIla hai to duHzIlatA usakI nindA kA kAraNa hai aura usake lie zruta bhI sukhadAyaka nahIM hotA hai| zIla kA artha: bauddha AcAryoM ke anusAra jisase kuzala dharmoM kA dhAraNa hotA hai yA jo kuzala dharmoM kA AdhAra hai, vaha zIla hai| sadguNoM ke dhAraNa yA zIlana ke kAraNa hI use zIla kahate haiN| kucha AcAryoM kI dRSTi se zirArtha zIlArtha hai, arthAt jisa prakAra zira ke kaTa jAne para manuSya mara jAtA haiN| vaise hI zIla ke bhaMga ho jAne para sArA guNa rUpI zarIra hI vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie zIla ko zirArtha kahA jAtA haiN| 1. visuddhimagga, pR.4 1. visaddhimagga. bhAga 1. pa. 86 3. visaddhimagga. bhAga - 1. 10.8

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156 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi visuddhimAgga meM zIla ke cAra rUpa varNita hai|' 1. cetanAzIla, 2. caittasika zIla, 3. saMvara zIla aura 4. anulaMdhana zIla 1. cetanA zIla : jIvahiMsA Adi se virata rahane vAlI yA vrata pratipa (vratAcAra) pUrNa karane vAlI cetanA hI cetanA zIla hai| jIva-hiMsA Adi chor3anevAle vyakti kA kuzalakarmoM ke karane kA vicAra cetanA zIla hai| 2. caitasika zIla : jIvanahiMsA Adi se virata rahane vAle kI virati caitasika zIla hai, jaise vaha lobha rahita citta se viharatA hai| 3. saMvarazIla saMvara zIla pA~ca prakAra kA hai - 1. pratimokSa saMvara, 2. smRti saMvara, 3. jJAna saMvara, 4. kSAMtisaMvara aura 5. vIrya sNvr| 4. anullaMghana zIla : grahaNa kiye hue vrata niyama Adi kA ullaMghana na karanA yaha anullaMghana zIla hai| zIla ke prakAra : 'visuddhimagga' meM zIla kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ unameM se kucha rUpa prastuta haiN| zIla kA dvividha vrgiikrnn| 1 cAritra -vAratri ke anusAra zIla do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAna ke dvArA nirdiSTa 'yaha karanA cAhie' isa prakAra vidhi rUpa meM kahe gae zikSA-padoM yA niyamoM kA pAlana karanA 'cAritra - zIla'' hai / isake viparIta 'yaha nahIM karanA cAhie' isa prakAra niSiddha karma na karanA 'vAritra - zIla' hai / cAritra - zIla vidheyAtmaka hai, vAritra - zIla niSedhAtmaka hai| 2. nizrita aura anizrita ke anusAra zIla do prakAra kA hai| nizraya do prakAra ke hote haiM - tRSNA-nizraya aura dRSTi-nizraya / bhava-saMpatta ko cAhate hue phalAkAMkSA se pAlA gayA zIla tRSNA 1. visuddhimagga, pR. 9 2. visuddhimagga, bhAga 1, pR. 13-14

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157 jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya - nizrita hai| mAtra zIla se hI vizuddhi hotI hai isa prakAra kI dRSTi se pAlA gayA zIla dRSTi - nizrita hai| tRSNA-nizrita aura dRSTi-nizrita donoM prakAra ke zIla nimna koTi ke haiN| tRSNA-nizraya aura dRSTi-nizraya se rahita zIla anizrita-zIla hai| yahI anizrita-zIla nirvANa mArga kA sAdhaka hai| 3. kAlika AdhAra para zIla do prakAra kA hai| kisI nizcita samaya taka ke lie grahaNa kiyA gayA zIla kAlaparyatna-zIla kahA jAtA hai jabaki jIvana-paryanta ke lie grahaNa kiyA gayA zIla AprANakoTika zIla kahA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM inheM kramaza: itvarakAlika aura yAvatkathita kahA gayA hai| 4. saparyanta aura aparyanta ke AdhAra para zIla do prakAra kA hai| lAbha, yaza, jAti athavA zarIra ke kisI aMga evaM jIvana kI rakSA ke lie jisa zIla kA ullaMghana kara diyA jAtA hai vaha saparyanta zIla hai| udAharaNArtha, kisI vizeSa zIlaniyama kA pAlana karate hue jAti-zarIra ke kisI aMga athavA jIvana kI hAni kI sambhAvanA ko dekhakara usa zIla kA tyAga kara denAM / isake viparIta jisa zIla kA ullaMghana kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha aparyanta zIla hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se ye naitikatA ke sApekSa aura nirapekSa pakSa haiN| jaina paramparA meM inheM apavAda aura utsarga mArga kahA gayA hai| (5) laukika aura alaukika ke AdhAra para zIla do prakAra kA hai| jisa zIla kA pAlana sAmAjika jIvana ke lie hotA hai aura jo sAmrava hai, vaha laukika zIla hai / jisa zIla kA pAlana, nirveda, virAga aura vimukti ke lie hotA hai aura jo anAsrava hai vaha lokottara zIla hai| jaina paramparA meM inheM kramaza: vyavahAracAritra aura nizcayacAritra kahA gayA hai| zIla kA vividha vargIkaraNa ___ zIla kA trividha vargIkaraNa pA~ca trikoM meM kiyA gayA hai - 1. hIna, madhyama aura praNIta ke anusAra zIla tIna prakAra kA hai| dUsaroM kI nindA kI dRSTi se athavA unheM hIna batAne ke lie pAlA gayA zIla hIna hai| laukika zIla yA sAmAjika niyama - maryAdAoM kA pAlana madhyama zIla hai aura lokottara zIla praNIta hai| eka dUsarI apekSA se phalAkAMkSA se pAlA gayA zIlaM hIna hai| apanI mukti ke lie pAlA gayA zIla madhyama hai aura sabhI prANiyoM kI mukti ke lie pAlA gayA pAramitA-zIla praNIta hai| 1. visuddhimagga, pR0 15-16

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158 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi 2. AtmAdhipatya, lokAdhipatya aura dharmAdhipatya kI dRSTi se bhI zIla tIna prakAra kA hai| Atmagaurava yA Atma-sammAna ke lie pAlA gayA zIla AtmAdhipatya hai| loka nindA se bacane ke lie athavA loka meM sammAna arjita karane ke lie pAlA gayA zIla lokAdhipatya hai| dharma ke mahattva, dharma ke gaurava aura dharma ke sammAna ke lie pAlA gayA zIla dharmAdhipatya hai| 3. parAmRSTa, aparAmRSTa aura pratiprazrabdhi ke anusAra zIla tIna prakAra kA hai| mithyAdRSTi logoM kA AcaraNa parAmRSTa zIla hai| mithyAdRSTi logoM meM bhI jo kalyANakara yA zubha karmoM meM lage hue haiM unakA zIla aparAmRSTa hai, jabaki samyaka dRSTi ke dvArA pAlA gayA zIla pratiprazrabdhi zIla 4. vizuddha, azuddha aura vaimatika ke anusAra zIla tIna prakAra kA hai| Apatti yA doSa se rahita zIla vizuddha zIla hai| Apatti yA doSayukta zIla avizuddha zIla hai| doSa yA ullaMghana sambandhI bAtoM ke bAre meM jo saMdeha meM par3a gayA hai, usakA zIla vaimatika zIla hai| ___5. zaikSya, azaikSya aura na-zaikSya -naazaikSya ke anusAra zIla tIna prakAra kA hai| mithyA dRSTi kA zIla na - zaikSya meM - azaikSya hai| samyakdRSTi kA zIla zaikSya hai aura arhat kA zIla azaikSya hai| zIla kA pratyupasthAna : kAyA kI pavitratA, vANI kI pavitratA aura mana kI pavitratA ye tIna prakAra kI pavitratAe~ zIla ke jAnane kA AkAra (pratyupasthAna) haiM arthAt koI vyakti zIlavAna hai yA duHzIla hai, yaha usake mana, vacana aura karma kI pavitratA ke AdhAra para hI jAnA jAtA hai| zIla kA padasthAna : jina AdhAroM para zIla ThaharatA hai, unheM zIla kA padasthAna kahA jAtA hai| lajjA aura saMkoca isake padasthAna hai| lajjA aura saMkoca ke hone para hI zIla utpanna hotA hai aura sthita rahatA hai, unake na nahone para na to utpanna hotA hai aura na sthira rahatA hai| zIla ke guNa : zIla ke pA~ca guNa hai - 1. zIlavAna vyakti apramAdI hotA hai aura apramAdI hone se vaha vipula dhana-sampatti prApta karatA hai| 1. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga, pR. 60 2. vahI pR. 90 3. visuddhimagga (bhUmikA), pR0 21

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 159 2. zIla ke pAlana se vyakti kI khyAti yA pratiSThA bar3hatI hai| 3. sacaritra vyakti ko kahIM bhI bhaya aura saMkoca nahIM hotaa| .4. zIlavAna sadaiva hI apramatta cetanAvAlA hotA hai aura isalie usake jIvana kA anta bhI jAgrata cetanA kI avasthA meM hotA hai| 5. zIla ke pAlana se sugati yA svarga kI prApti hai| aSTAMga sAdhanApatha aura zIla buddha ke aSTAMga sAdhanA patha meM samyak vAcA, samyak karmAnta aura samyak AjIva ye tIna zIla - skandha haiN| yadyapi majjhima nikAya aura abhidharma koza vyAkhyA ke anusAra zIla - skandha meM uparyukta tInoM aMgoM kA hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai lekina yadi hama zIla ko na kevala daihika varana mAnasika bhI mAnate hai to hameM samAdhi-skandha meM se samyak vyAyAma ko aura prajJAskandha meM se samyak saMkalpa ko hI zIla-skandha meM samAhita karanA pdd'egaa| kyoMki saMkalpa AcaraNa kA caitasika AdhAra hai aura vyAyAma usakI vRddhi kA prytn| ata: unheM zIla - skandha meM hI lenA caahie| ___ isa prakAra jaina aura bauddha sAdhanA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ye donoM sAdhanAe~ samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko lagabhaga samAna mahattva pradAna karatI hai| samAdhi, vinaya, tapa Adi bhI unameM kucha milate-julate haiM / bauddha sAdhanA cU~ki jaina sAdhanA se uttarakAlIna hai aura buddha ne cU~ki jainasAdhanA kA kucha samaya taka anugamana kiyA hai isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki bauddha sAdhanA jaina sAdhanA se prabhAvita rahe evaM apekSAkRta vyavasthita pratIta ho| vaidika paramparA meM zIla yA sadAcAra : samyak cAritra ko hindu dharma - sUtroM meM zIla, sAmayAcArika, sadAcAra yA ziSTAcAra kahA gayA hai| gItA kI niSkAma karma aura sevA kI avadhAraNAoM ko bhI samyak cAritra kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jA sakatA hai| gItA jisa niSkAma karmayoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai, vastuta: vaha mAtra kartavya buddhi se evaM kartAbhAva kA abhimAna tyAga kara kiyA gayA aisA karma hai, jisameM phalAkA~kSA nahIM hotI / kyoMki isa prakAra kA karma (AcaraNa) bandhana kAraka nahIM hotA hai ata: ise akarma bhI kahate haiN| usa AcaraNa ko jo bandhana hetu na banakara mukti kA hetu hotA hai, jaina paramparA meM samyak 1. arlI monAsTika buddhijma, pR0 142-43 2. NANammi daMsaNammi ya teNa carieNa smmshienn| cauNhapi samAjoge siddhA jIvA Na saMdeho // SaTaprAbhata. 1.32

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160 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi cAritra aura gItA meM niSkAma karma yA akarma kahA gayA hai| gItA ke anusAra niSkAma karma yA karmayoga ke antargata daivIya guNoM arthAt ahiMsA, Arjava, svAdhyAya, dAna, saMyama, nirlobhatA, zauca Adi sadaguNoM kA sampAdana, svadharma arthAt apane varNa aura Azrama ke kartavyoM kA pAlana aura lokasaMgraha (loka - kalyANakArI kAryoM kA sampAdana) AtA hai| isake atirikta bhagavadbhakti evaM atithi sevAbhI usakI cAritrika sAdhanA kA eka aMga hai| zIla - manusmRti meM zIla, sAdhujanoM kA AcaraNa (sadAcaraNa) aura mana kI prasannatA (icchA, Aka~kSA Adi mAnasika vikSobhoM se rahita mana kI prazAnta avasthA) ko dharma kA mUla batAyA gayA hai| vaidika AcArya govindarAja ne zIla kI vyAkhyA rAgadveSa ke parityAga ke rUpa meM kI hai| (zIla rAgadveSaparityAga ityAha ) / hArIta ke anusAra brahmaNyatA, devapitRbhaktitA, saumyatA, aparopatApitA, anasUyatA, mRdutA, apArUSya, maitratA, priyavAditA, kRtajJatA, zaraNyatA, kAraNya aura prazAntatA - yaha teraha prakAra kA guNa samUha zIla hai| sAmAyacArika:Apastamba dharmasUtra ke bhASya meM sAmayAcArika zabda kI vyAkhyA nimna prakAra kI gaI hai - AdhyAtmika vyavasthA ko 'samaya' (dharmajJasamaya:) kahate haiM vaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - vidhi, pratiSedha aura niyapaAcAroM kA mUla samaya' (siddhAnta) meM hotA hai| 'samaya' se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ve sAmAyAcArika kahalAte hai| amyudaya aura niHzreyasa ke hetu apUrva nAmaka AtmA ke guNa ko dharma kahate haiN| vaidika paramparA kA yaha sAmayAcArika zabda jaina paramparA ke samAcArI (samayAcArI) aura sAmAyika ke adhika nikaTa hai| AcArAMga meM 'samaya' zabda samatA ke artha meM aura sUtrakRtAMga meM siddhAnta' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina - paramparA meM samatA se yukta AcAra ko sAmAyika' aura siddhAnta (zAstra) se nisRta AcAra niyamoM ko 'samAcArI' kahA gayA hai| gItA bhI zAstravidhAna ke anusAra AcaraNa kA nirdeza kara sAmayAcArika yA samAcArI ke pAlana kI dhAraNA ko puSTa karatI hai| 1. manusmRti 2/6 2. (a) manusmRti TIkA 2/6 (ba) hindU dharmakoza pR0.631 3. manusmRti TIkA 2/6 4. Apastamba dharmasUtra - bhASya (haradatta) 1 / 1 / 1-3

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 161 ziSTAcAra - ziSTa AcArahI ziSTAcAra kahA jAtA hai / ziSTa zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue vaziSTha dharma sUtra meM kahA hai ki jo svArthamaya kAmanAoM se rahita hai, vaha ziSTa hai (ziSTaH punarakAmAtmA) ' isa AdhAra para ziSTAcAra kA artha hogA - niSkAma bhAva se kiyA jAne vAlA AcAra ziSTAcAra hai athavA ni:svArtha vyakti kA AcaraNa ziSTAcAra hai / aisA AcAra dharma kA kAraNabhUta hone se pramANabhUta mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ ziSTAcAra kA artha sAmAnyatayA ziSTAcAra se hama jo artha grahaNa karate hai, usase bhinna hai| ziSTAcAra niHsvArtha yA niSkAma karma hai| niSkAma karma yA sevA kI avadhAraNA gItA meM svIkRta hai hI aura use jaina tathA bauddha paramparAoM me bhI pUrI taraha mAnya kiyA hai| sadAcAra - manu ke anusAra brahmAvarta meM nivAsa karane vAle cAroM vargoM kA jo paramparAgata AcAra hai vaha sadAcAra hai| sadAcAra ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. dezAcAra 2. jAtyAcAra aura 3. kulAcAra / vibhinna pradezoM meM paramparAgata rUpa se cale Ate AcAra niyama 'dezAcAra' kahe jAte haiN| pratyeka deza meM vibhinna jAtiyoM ke bhI apane-apane viziSTa AcAra niyama hote haiM, ye 'jAtyAcAra' kahe jAte hai| pratyeka jAti ke vibhinna kuloM meM bhI AcAragata bhinnatAe~ hotI haiM - pratyeka kula kI apanI AcAra paramparAe~ hotI haiM, jinheM kulAcAra' kahA jAtA hai| dezAcAra, kulAcAra aura jAtyAcAra zruti aura smRtiyoM se pratipAdita AcAra - niyamoM ke atirikta hote haiN| sAmAnyataH hindU dharma zAstrakAroM ne isake pAlana kI anuzaMsA kI hai| yahI nahIM, kucha smRtikAroM ke dvArA to aise AcAra niyama zruti, smRti Adi ke viruddha hone para bhI pAlanIya kahe gaye haiN| bRhaspati kA to kahanA hai - bahujana aura cirakAlamAnita deza, jAti aura kula ke AcAra (zruti viruddha hone para bhI) pAlanIya haiM, anyathA pUjA meM kSobha utpanna hotA hai aura rAjya kI zakti aura koSa kSINa ho jAtA hai| yAjJavalkya ne AcAra ke antargata nimnalikhita viSaya sammilita kiye hai : 1. saMskAra, 2. vedapAThI brahmacAriyoM ke cAritrika niyama, 3. vivAha (pati-patnI ke karttavya), 4. cAra varNoM evaM varNazaMkaroM ke karttavya, 5. brAhmaNa gRhapati ke karttavya, 6. vidyArthI jIvana kI samApti para pAlanIya niyama, 7. bhojana ke niyama, 8. dhArmika pavitratA, 9. zrAddha 10. gaNapati pUjA, 11. gRhazAnti ke niyama 12. rAjA ke karttavya aadi| 1. vaziSTa - dharmasUtra 1/6 2. manusmRti 2/17 - 18 3. hindU dharmakoza, pR0 625 4. hindU dharmakoza pR074-75

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162 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi yadyapi sadAcAra ke uparyukta vivecana se aisA lagatA hai ki sadAcAra kA sambandha naitikatA yA sAdhanA paraka AcAra se na hokara loka vyavahAra (loka-rUDhi) yA bAhyAcAra ke vidhi niSedhoM se adhika hai| jabaki jaina paramparA ke samyak cAritra kA sambandha sAdhanAtmaka evaM naitika jIvana se hai| jaina dharma loka-vyavahAra kI upekSA nahIM karatA hai phira bhI usakI apanI maryAdAe~ haiM : (1) usake anusAra vahI loka-vyavahAra pAlanIya hai jisake kAraNa samyak darzana aura samyaka cAritra (gRhita vrata, niyama Adi) meM koI doSa nahIM lagatA ho / ata: nirdoSa lokavyavahAra hI pAlanIya hai, sadoSa nhiiN| (2) dUsare yadi koI AcAra (bAhyAcAra) nardoSa hai kintu loka-vyavahAra ke viruddha hai to usakA AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhiye 'yadapi zuddhaM tadapi lokaviruddhaM na samAcaret' kintu isakA viloma sahI nahIM hai arthAta sadoSa AcAra lokamAnya hone para bhI AcaraNIya nahIM hai| jaina, bauddha aura gItA meM samyak cAritra, zIla evaM sadAcAra kA tAtparya rAga-dveSa, tRSNA yA Asakti kA uccheda rahA hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM inheM grandhi athavA hRdaya granthi kahA gayA hai| isa gA~Tha ko kholanA hI sAdhanA hai, cAritra hai yA zIla hai| saccA nirgrantha vahI hai jo isa granthi kA mocana kara detA hai| AcAra ke samagra vidhi-niSedha isI ke liye hai| samyak cAritra yA zIla kA artha kAma, krodha, lobha, chala - kapaTa Adi azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra rahanA hai| tInoM hI AcAra - darzana sAdhakoM ko inase bacane kA nirdeza dete haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra vyakti jitanA krodha, mAna, mAyA (kapaTa) aura lobha kI vRttiyoM kA zamana evaM vilayana karegA utanA hI vaha sAdhanA yA saccaritratA ke kSetra meM Age bddh'egaa| gItA kahatI hai jaba vyakti kAma, krodha, lobha Adi AsurI pravRttiyoM se Upara uThakara ahiMsA, kSamA Adi devI sadguNoM kA sampAdana karegA to vaha apane ko paramAtmA ke nikaTa paayegaa| sadaguNoM kA sampAdana aura durguNoM se bacAva' eka aisA tattva hai, jahA~ na kevala sabhI bhAratIya apitu adhikAMza pAzcAtya AcAradarzana bhI samasvara ho uThate haiN| cAhe inake vistAra - kSetra evaM prAthamikatA ke prazna ko lekara unameM matabheda ho| uname vivAda isa bAta para nahIM hai ki kauna sadaguNa hai aura kauna durguNa hai, apitu vivAda isa bAta para hai ki kisa sadarguNa kA kisa sImA taka pAlana kiyA jAve aura do sadaguNoM ke pAlana meM virodha upasthita hone para kise prAthamikatA dI jaave| 1. hindU dharmakoza pR0.74-75

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jaina darzana meM samatva prApta karane kA sAdhana ratnatraya 163 samyak cAritra yA zIla, mana, vacana aura karma ke mAdhyama se vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samatva kI saMsthApanA kA prayAsa hai, vaha vyakti ke jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM meM eka sAMga santulana sthApita kara usake Antarika saMgharSa ko samApta karane kI dizA meM uThAyA gayA kadama hai| ___ itanA hI nahIM, vaha vyakti ke sAmAjika patha ko bhI saMsparza karatA hai| vyakti aura samAja ke madhya tathA samAja aura samAja ke madhya honevAle saMgharSoM kI sambhAvanAoM ke avasaroM ko kama kara sAmAjika samatva kI saMsthApanA bhI samyaka cAritra kA lakSya hai|

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164 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi samatva-yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika (1) sAmAyika kA artha tathA svarupa : 'sAmAyika' zabda kA mUla hai sama / sama kA artha hai samAna yA tulya / arthAt sabhI AtmA samAna haiM - yahI sAmAyika hai / saMskRta bhASA meM 'Aya' kA artha hotA hai lAbha ! sama+Aya = samAya ! matalaba ki sama kA lAbha ! 'samAya' ko 'ika' pratyaya jor3ane se prathama varNa 'sa' meM rahA huA svara (a) kA dIrgha (A) meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| sama+Aya + ika = sAmAyika / jisameM sama kA lAbha hotA hai vaha sAmAyika | samaya yAnI kAla / samaya + ika = sAmayika / jo kArya nizcita samaya para hotA hai va sAmayika kahA jAtA hai| sAptAhika aura mAsika Adi ke lie jisa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha zabda hai sAmayika / (aise kitane hI loga haiM jo nahIM jAnate ki ye donoM zabda alaga alaga haiM aura donoM ke artha aura uccAraNa meM bhinnatA hai) isI prakAra se jaina dharma meM 'sAmAyika' zabda kA prayojana viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM kiyA gayA hai aura ati prAcIna kAla se hI rUr3ha huA hai| taduparAMta sAmAyika ke samAnArtha zabdoM kA prayojana bhI zAstra graMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / 'Avazyaka niryukti' meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'sAmAyika' ke 'sama' zabda ke 'sama' aura 'sAmya' jaise paryAya bhI hote haiM / dRSTAnta rUpa se sAma samaM ca sammaM mii sAmAiassa egaTThA / mahura pariNAma sAmaM, samaM tulA, sammaM khIra khaMDa juI / ( 'sAma, sama aura samma ye sAmAyika ke artha haiM / madhura pariNAma sAma, tulA (tarAjU) jaisA pariNAma vaha sama aura khIra aura zakkara eka rUpa bana jAye aisA pariNAma vaha samma ) 'sAmAyika' eka aisI kalA hai, eka aisA vaijJAnika upakrama hai jo aura vyavasthita mAnava-vyavahAra aura dharma donoM kI siddhi prApta kara sakatA hai| sAmAyika kA artha hai samaya se nirdhArita kI gaI aisI samatA - barAbarI - yathAnurUpa, yAthAtathya, arthAt jaisI cAhie vaisI suniyojita pravRtti hai jo jIvana ke lakSya ko zAMti se pUrNa karatI hai / sAmAyika vaha kI nimna prakAra kI bhinna bhinna vyAkhyAe~ zAstrakAroM ne dI haiM / rAga aura dveSa ke vazana hokara samabhAva madhyastha bhAva meM rahanA arthAt sabake sAtha

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika Atmatulya vyavahAra karanA 'sAmAyika' hai / " samo rAga-dveSayorapAntarAlavatI madhyasthaH, iNa gatau, ayanaM ayo gamanamityarthaH, samasya ayaH samAya samIbhUtasya sato mokSAdhvani pravRtti: samAya eva sAmAyikam 'sAmAyika' kI uparyukta vyAkhyA dete hue zrI malayagiri ne 'Avazyaka vRtti' meM kahA hai ki rAga dveSa meM madhyastha rahanA usakA nAma 'sama' aura jisameM sama kA lAbha ho aisI mokSAbhimukhI pravRtti kA nAma hai 'sAmAyika' / 165 * (2) 'sama' kA eka aura bhI artha hotA hai zama, upazama / zrI hemacandrAcArya ne 'yogazAstra' para likhI gaI vRtti meM kahA hai : rAga-dveSa niyuktasya:sata Ayo jJAnAdInAM lAbhaH prazamasukharUpasamAya: / samAya eva sAmAyikam / ( rAga aura dveSa se mukta hue AtmA ko jJAnAdikA prazama sukha rUpa jo lAbha hotA hai vaha hai 'samAya' aura vahI sAmAyika | ) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai: rAga dosa virahio samo ti ayaNaM ayotti gamaNaM tti / samAmaNa ( ayaNaM) tti samAo, sa eva sAmAiyaM nAma / / ( rAga aura dveSa rahita AtmA kI pariNati sama hai / aya kA artha hotA hai ayana athavA gamana / vaha gamana sama prati hotA hai ataH samAya kahalAtA hai| aisA samAya hI sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai / ) (3) samAni jJAnadarzanacAritrANi tesu ayanaM gamanaM samAya:, sa. eva sAmAyikam mokSa mArga ke sAdhana hote haiM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra / unheM 'sama' kahate haiM / unake prati ayana yA gamana karanA athavA pravRtta honA usakA nAma 'sAmAyika' | isake sAtha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI nimnalikhita gAthA kI tulanA : 1. A. ni. gA. 1032 2. Avazyaka malayagirIvRtti, gA. 854.

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166 ahivA samAI sammatta nANa caraNAI tasu tehiM vA / ayaNaM ao samAo sa eva sAmAiyaM nAma // kahA jAtA hai - samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi samAnAM mokSasAdhanaM prati sadRzasAmarthyAnAM samyag darzanajJAnacAritrANAM Aya: lAbha / (mokSa- - sAdhana prati 'sama' arthAt samAna ( eka hI prakAra kA ) sAmarthya jinakA hai ve haiM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra / una tInoM kA Aya (lAbha) vahI hotA hai sAmAyika | ) (4) sarva jIveSu maitrI sAma, sAmno AyaH lAbhaH sAmAya sa eva sAmAyikam / sarva jIvoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhanA use sAma kahate haiN| sAma kA Aya arthAt lAbha vahI hai samAya / jisase samAya ho vaha sAmAyika | ) tulanA : ahavAM sAmaM mittI tattha ao teNa vatti sAmAo / ahavA sAmassAo lAo sAmAiyaM nAma // ( arthAt sAma kA artha hai maitrI / usakA lAbha vaha hai sAmAyika | ) (5) sama: sAvadya yoga parihAra niravadyogonuSThAna rUpa jIva pariNAmaH tasya lAbha: tAmaH samAyaH sa eva sAmAyikam (sAvadya yoga arthAt pApa kArya kA parihAra aura niravadya yoga (ahiMsA dayA-samatAAdi kA anuSThAna AcaraNa vahI jIvAtmA kA zubhra pariNAma (zuddha svabhAva) vahI sama hai / vaha sama kA lAbha jisameM hotA hai vaha hai sAmAyika / ) (6) sammak zabdArtha: sama zabdaH samyagamanaM vartanaM samayaH sa eva sAmAyikam / sama zabda kA artha hotA hai samyaka ( saccA acchA ) ! jisameM sama kA ayana hotA hai arthAt acchA, zreSTha AcaraNa hotA hai vaha sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai / - (7) samaye kartavyam sAmAyikam / ( samaya para karane yogya kArya vahI sAmAyika | ) yogya samaya para ahiMsA, dayA, samatA Adi jo ucca kartavya kiye jAte haiM ve hai

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 167 sAmAyika / chaH Avazyaka kartavyoM meM prathama kartavya sAmAyika hai| yogya samaya para vaha karanA hI cAhie / isIlie vaha sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai / yaha usakI vizeSa vyAkhyA hai / ina sabhI vyAkhyAoM kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki pratyeka vyAkhyA meM 'sama' para arthAt samatA para bhAra diyA gayA hai / ataH sAmAyika kA bhAvArtha hotA hai samatA / rAga-dveSa rahita hokara, samatA bhAva ko dhAraNa kara AtmasvabhAva meM sama bananA, sthira rahanA usI kA nAma hai sAmAyika | zrI hemacandrAcArya ne 'yogazAstra' meM sAmAyika ke nimnalikhita lakSaNa batAye haiM : tyaktArtaraudradhyAnasya takta sAvadya karmaNaH / muhUrta samatA yA tAM viduH sAmAyikam vratam // ' ( Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA aura sAvadya karma kA tyAga kara eka muhUrta taka samabhAva meM rahanA use sAmAyika vrata kahA jAtA hai / ) sAvadya karma muktasya durdhyAna rahitasya ca / samabhAvo muhUrta tad-vrataM sAmAyikAhavam // ` ( sAvadha karma se mukta hokara, Arta aura raudra jaise durdhyAna se rahita hokara muhUrta ke lie. bhI samabhAva kA jo vrata liyA jAtA hai use sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai / : ataH ina vyAkhyAoM ke bAda tIna maharSiyoM ne sAmAyika ke jo lakSaNa batAye haiM ve nimna prakAra haiM (1) sabhI jIvoM ke prati samabhAva rakhanA / (2) Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA tyAga karanA / (3) zuddha bhAvanA apanAnA / (4) sAvadya yoga se (pApamaya pravRtti se) nivRtta honA / (5) saMyama dhAraNa karanA / (6) isa vrata kI ArAdhanA kama se kama eka muhUrta (do ghar3I athavA 48 minaTa) ke lie karanA / sAmAyika kA sabase adhika mahattva kA lakSaNa hai samabhAva- samatA bhAva' kI upalabdhi / 1. sAmAiyaMti samabhAvalakkhaNaM / - vizeSA. bhA. gA. 905 2.

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168 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi use prApta karane ke lie Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA tyAga aura zubha bhAva apanAnA ati Avazyaka hai| usakI prApti ke lie saMyama kI AvazyakatA hai / yadi sAvadya kA arthAt pApamaya pravRttiyoM kA arthAta mana, vacana aura kAyA ke azubha upayogoM kA tyAga kiyA jAya to azubha dhyAna kama ho jAya aura jIva saMyamita ho jAya / isake lie yadi gRhastha pratya kriyA rUpa se eka muhUrta ke lie bhI paccakakhANa lekara eka Asana para baiTha jAya to use 'sAmAyika vrata' kahA jAtA hai| . kisI bhI vyakti ke mana meM aisA prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki jaina dharma kA tAratamya kyA ? rAga-prema se mukti pAkara mokSa gati prApta karanA yahI jaina dharma kA tAratamya hai| rAgadveSa se mukti kisa prakAra upalabdha ho ? isakA uttara hai samatA kI sAdhanA se / isIlie samatA jaina dharma kA jina pravacana kA tAratamya hai| aura sAmAyika hai samatA-sAdhanA kA mAdhyama / ataH aisA kahA gayA hai ki 'sAmAyika' to hai jina-pravacana kA, bhagavAna ke bodha kA, dvAdazAMgI kA, caudaha pUrva kA sAra hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne sAmAyika ko caudaha pUrva kA tAratamya kahA hai / dRSTAnta rUpa se : sAmAiyaM saMkhevo codasa pUvvattha piDo tti / ' maharSiyoM ne navakAra-maMtra kI taraha sAmAyika ko bhI caudaha pUrva ke tAratamya jaisA batalAyA hai| usI ke prakAra 'tatvArtha-sUtra' kI apanI TIkA meM upAdhyAyajI zrI yazovijaya jI mahArAja ne sAmAyika ko dvAdazAMgI ke upaniSada ke rUpa meM batAyA hai / sakala dvAdazAGgopAniSada bhUta sAmAyika sUtravat / pUrvajanma kI aisI ArAdhanA ke kAraNa sabhI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA svayaMbuddha hI hote haiN| gRhastha-vAsa kA tyAga karane ke bAda jaba ve dIkSita hote haiM taba unheM kisI guru mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSA lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| unake koI guru nahIM hote| ve to gRhastha veza ko tyAga kara paMcamuSTi locana kara svayaM dIkSita hote haiM / ve to siddha bhagavantoM ko aura apane AtmA ko sAkSI rakhakara sAvadha yoga ke paccakkhANa lekara yAvajjIvana sAmAyika karate haiN| apanI gRhasthAvasthA meM unake pAsa mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna hote hI haiN| svayaM dIkSita hote 1. vize. bhA. gA. 2796 2. tattvArtha-TIkA, prathama adhyAya

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 169 hI mana:paryaya jJAna unheM svayaM prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra pratyeka tIrthaMkara paramAtmA dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya sAmAyika sAdhanA kI pratijJA lete haiN| savvaM me akaraNijaM pAvakammaM tti kaTu sAmAiyaM caritaM paDivajai / taduparAnta pratyeka tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kevalajJAna-prApti ke bAda caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiM aura sabase prathama upadeza sAmAyika vrata kA hI dete haiN| Avazyaka kartavya kA prAthamika aMga sAmAyika / vaidika saMdhyA, musalamAnoM kI namAja aura yogiyo ke prANAyAma kI taraha jainiyoM ke lie sAmAyika-vrata kA vidhAna hai| isa vrata kI AdhArabhUmi itanI vyApaka hai ki isameM yama niyama ke, jJAna, bhakti, karma ke, satyaM zivaM sundaram ke sabhI AyAma samAviSTa ho jAte haiM / isakI mUla bhAvanA viSamatA se samatA, avyavasthA se vyavasthA aura jIvana meM maitrI tathA karuNA kI sthApanA karatA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA hai : sAmAiyAiyA vA vayajIvANikAya bhAvaNA paDhamaM / eso dhammovAo jiNehi savvehiM uvaiTTho / ' jaina dharma meM dharmArAdhanAbhilASI jIvoM ke lie chaha prakAra ke Avazyaka kartavyoM kI aura nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka zrAvaka ko ye Avazyaka kartavya pratidina karanA Avazyaka hai| ye 'Avazyaka' isa prakAra haiM : (1) sAmAyika : rAga aura dveSa ke vaza na hokara samabhAva madhyastha bhAva meM rahanA arthAt sabake sAtha Atmatulya vyavahAra karanA 'sAmAyika' hai| (2) caturviMzatistava : caubIsa tIrthaMkara jo ki sarvaguNa sampanna Adarza haiM, unakI stuti karane rUpa hai / isake (1) dravya aura (2) bhAva, ye do bheda haiM / puSpa Adi sAttvika vastuoM ke dvArA tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA karanA 'dravyastava' aura unake vAstavika guNoM kA kIrtana karanA bhAvastava' hai| adhikArI-vizeSa gRhastha ke lie dravyastava kitanA lAbhadAyaka hai, isa bAta ko vistArapUrvaka Avazyaka niyukti, pR. 492-493 meM dikhAyA hai / 1. Avazyaka ni. 271 2. A. ni. gAthA 1032 3. A. pR. 4921

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170 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi (3) vandana : mana, vacana aura zarIra kA vaha vyApAra vandana hai, jisase pUjyoM ke prati bahumAna pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai| zAstra meM vandana ke citi-karma, kRti-karma, pUjA-karma Adi paryAya prasiddha haiN| (4) pratikramaNa : pramAdavaza zubha yoga se gira kA azubha yoga ko prApta karane ke bAda phira se zubha yoga ko prApta karanA, yaha pratikramaNa hai| (5) dharma yA zukla dhyAna ke lie ekAgra hokara zarIra para se mamatA kA tyAga karanA 'kAyotsarga' hai| (6) tyAga karane ko pratyAkhyAna' kahate hai| tyAgane yogya vastue~ (1) dravya aura (2) bhAvarUpa se do prakAra kI haiN| anna, vastra Adi bAhya vastue~ dravyarUpa haiM aura ajJAna, asaMyama Adi vaibhAvika pariNAma bhAvarUpa haiN| ___ ina cha: Avazyaka kriyAoM meM 'sAmAyika' ko sabase Upara prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM sAmAyika kA mahattva kitanA adhika hai isakI pratIti hameM isase hotI hai| ye sabhI cha: Avazyaka kriyAeM paraspara saMlagna haiM / isalie kisI bhI Avazyaka kriyA vidhipUrvaka, saMpUrNa bhAvapUrvaka kI jAya to usameM anya sarva kriyAeM sthUla yA sUkSma rUpa se samAviSTa ho jAtI haiM / pratikramaNa vidhi meM to ina sarva Avazyaka kriyAo kA krama vyavasthita Ayojana kiyA gayA haiN| sAmAyika ke 'karemi bhante' sUtra meM ina sarva Avazyaka kriyAo kA nimna prakAra artha bodha kiyA gayA hai : (1) karemi....sAmAiyaM..... samatA bhAva ke lie vidhipUrvaka sAmAyika karane kI anujJA / isameM 'sAmAyika' samAviSTa huA hai| (2) bhante.....bhadanta.......bhagavAna ! jinezvara bhagavAna se prArthanA / isameM AjJApAlana rUpa 'caturvizatistava' hai| (3) tassa bhaMte.....guruo ko vaMdana karate karate AtmaniMdA aura gardA kI jAtI hai / 1. A. ni. gAthA 1103 2. svasthAnAdhanyaparasthAnaM pramAdasya vazAdgataH / tatraiva kramaNaM bhUyaH pratikramaNamuccate // 1 / /

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171 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 'vaMdana' hai| (4) paDikammAmi.....pApoM kI niMdA, garhA kI jAtI hai aura pApoM se mukta hone kI, pApo se vApasI kI kriyA bhI hotI hai usameM pratikramaNa hai| (5) appANaM vosirAmi..... pApoM se malita hue - AtmA ko tyAga rahA hU~ / usameM 'kAyotsarga' hai / (6) sAvajaM joga paccakaravAmi usameM 'sAvadha yoga kA paccakaravANa hai| isI prakAra sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAusagga aura paccakaravANa ye cha: Avazyaka kiyA karemi bhante' sUtra meM samAviSTa hai| ina cha: prakAra kI Avazyaka kriyAoM se jIva ko kyA kyA lAbha hAta ha isI viSayaka prazna bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUche gaye hai| bhagavAna ne saMkSipta meM usake uttara diye haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 26 ve adhyayana meM bhagavAna se prazna pUchA gayA haiM : sAmAieNaM bhante jIve kiM jaNai ? (sAmAyika karane se, bhagavAna ! jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ?) bhagavAna kA uttara hai :sAmAieNaM sAvajjoga virai janayai / (sAmAyika karane se jIva sAvadhayoga se virati pAtA yoM sAmAyika karane se, eka Asana para nizcita kAla ke lie pratikSA pUrvaka baiThane se ArAdhaka zarIra kI anya pravRttiyoM se nivRtta ho jAtA hai / usake bAda manasA vAcA sthira hokara Atma hita ke lie jitanI dera taka vaha apane citta kA anusaMdhAna kara sakatA hai utanI dera taka vaha sAvadha (pApa rUpa) yogoM se nivRtta ho jAtA hai / isI draSTikoNa se yadi dekhA jAya to sAmAyika naye pApa rUpa karmoM ko rokane kA prabala nimitta bana sakatA hai / zrI haribhadrasUri ne 'aSTaka prakaraNa' meM sAmAyika ko 'mokSAMga rUpa' kahA hai arthAt sAmAyika mokSa kA hI aMga hai aisA paricaya sAmAyika kA diyA hai| sAmAyika ca.mokSAgaM paraM sarvajJa bhASitama / vAsI candana kalpanAmuktametanmadAtmAnAm // vAsI candanakalpa meM vAsI zabda kA artha hotA hai vasUlA / yaha sutAra kA eka sAdhana

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172 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai| lakar3e kI chAla ukher3ane meM usakA upayoga hotA hai| koi vyakti kisIke eka hAtha para vasUlA ghisa kara hAtha kI tvacA ukher3atA ho aura dUsarA vyakti dUsare hAtha para caMdanalepa lagAtA ho to ina donoM ke prati samabhAva rakha sake aise mahAtmAoM kI samatA ko mokSAMga rUpa se batalAI 'vAsI caMdana' kA dUsarA bhI artha nikAlA jAtA hai| caMdana vRkSa jyoM jyoM kATA jAtA hai tyoM tyoM vaha kATane vAlI kulhAr3I ko bhI sugaMdhita karatA hai| isI taraha mahApuruSoM kA sAmAyika vaira-virodha karane vAle logoM ke prati samabhAva rUpI sugaMdha arpita karatA hai / isI lie to sarvajJa bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki sAmAyika mokSAMga hai, mokSa kA aMga hai| ina donoM artho meM se 'vAsI candana' kA prathama artha adhika saccA hai| sAmAyika ke binA mokSa prApti ho hI nahI sakatI / mokSa prApti ke lie kevala jJAna prApta honA caahie| jaba taka cAra ghanaghAtI karmoM kA (jJAnavaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAya karma) kSaya na ho taba taka kevala jJAna prakAzita nahIM hotA / jaba taka jIva 'saMvara' (AtmAbhimukhatA) dvArA naye karmoM meM rUkAvaTa na DAle aura nirjarA' (tapa) dvArA purAne karmoM kA nAza na kareM taba taka ghAtI karmo se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / jaba taka rAga-dveSa ke pariNAmoM kA cakra calatA hI rahegA taba taka ghAtI karmoM kA astitva rahegA hii| saccI samatA pAne se hI rAga-dveSa vilIna ho jAte haiN| samatAbhAva dhAraNakara AtmaramaNatA kA anubhava karane ke lie sAmAyika hI eka mAtra upAya hai| isIlie to zrIharibhadrasUrine 'aSTaka prakaraNa' meM sAmAyika kA phala batAte hue kahA hai : sAmAyika vizuddhAtmA sarvathA ghAti karmaNaH / kSapAskevala mApnoti lokAloka prakAzakam // (sAmAyika karane se vizuddha banI huI AtmA jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAra ghAti karmo kA sarvathA kSaya kara lokAloka meM prakAza karane vAlA kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai| ___sAmAyika dvArA AtmA ko sarvathA vizuddha karane ke lie prabala puruSArtha kI apekSA rahatI hai| aise bhI kitane hI sAre loga haiM jinheM kaI janmoM kI uttarottara sAdhanA ke bAda hI kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai / isI ke kAraNa jIva ko gRhastha ke do ghar3I ke kriyAvidhiyukta sAmAyika se prAraMbha kara nizcaya svarUpa bhAva-sAmAyika taka pahuMcanA hai| isI meM kisI kA vikAsakrama maMda bhI ho sakatA hai aura kisI kA atyanta vegavaMta / lekina itanA to nizcita hai ki sAmAyika ke binA mokSa prApti nahIM hotii|

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 173 isI lie kahA gayA hai ki: je kevi gayA mokkhaM je viya gacchanti je gamissanti / te savve sAmAiya mAhappeNaM muNeyavvA // (jina logoM ko mokSaprApti huI hai, jo loga abhI mokSaprApti kara rahe haiM aura jina logoM ko mokSaprApti hogI, sabhI ko sAmAyika ke prabhAva se hI yaha saba milA hai / zrI bhagavatI aMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai : .. kiM tivveNa taveNaM kiM ca javeNaM kiM ca caritteNaM / samayAi viNa mukkho na hu huo kahavi na hu hoi // (jitanA bhI tIvra tapa kare, japa jape aura cAritrya kA (pratya cAritra kA) grahaNa kare kintu samatA ke binA (utkRSTa bhAva se bhare hue sAmAyika ke binA) kisI kA mokSa huA nahIM hai, hotA nahIM hai aura hone vAlA bhI nahIM / ) (3) samatA sAmAyika kA prANa haiM - sama kA artha hai samAna / samatA aura samatva kA artha hai samAnatA ke bhAva kA anubhava karanA / manuSya-citta meM pasaMda aura apasaMda bhAva satata pramANa rahate haiN| priya cIjeM, vyakti, saMyoga mAnavI ko acche lagate haiM aura apriya nahIM lgte| saphalatA acchI lagatI hai, niSphalatA acchI nahIM lagatI / lAbha yA munAphA acchA lagate haiM, gaira lAbha yA hAni acche nahIM lgte| lekina jo bhI vyakti aise bhinna bhinna prasaMgo meM harSa-zoka se para ho sakate haiM ve samatA anubhava kara sakate haiM / acchA laganA vaha rAga hai| acchA nahIM laganA athavA tiraskAra vaha dveSa hai| vyakti jyoM dveSa se pare ho jAtA hai tyoM rAga se bhI use pare ho jAnA caahie| hama socate haiM itanA yaha sarala nahIM hai| jaba taka mamatva hai taba taka rAga hai| duniyA ke sabhI padArthoM ko aura saMbaMdho ko choDa dene ke bAda bhI manuSya ko apanI kAyA ke lie rAga rahatA hai aura kAyA meM dAkhila huI vyAdhiyoM ke lie durbhAva rahatA hai| Akhira kAyA se bhI pare ho jAnA aura zuddha Atmopayoga dvArA padArthoM ko, anubhavoM ko taTastha bhAva se dekhanA yahI samatva kI sUkSma sAdhanA hai| eka bAra cittane samatA bhAva kA anubhava kiyA isase vaha vahA~ sthAI rUpa se rahegA aisA svIkAra kara lene kI koI jaldI nahIM karanI caahie| svastha aura sukhada saMyogoM meM samatA bhAva kA anubhava yA AbhAsa hotA hai kintu viparIta saMyogoM meM hI samatA bhAva kI kasoTI hotI hai / usa samaya bhI puruSArtha se prApta kiyA huA samatA bhAva adhika samaya taka TIkA rahe vaisA prayatna karanA caahie| usake lie abhyAsa aura paruSArtha Avazyaka haiN| aisI zikSA ke lie

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174 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sAmAyika acchA maukA detA hai / isI lie hI sAmAyika puna: puna: karane kA zAstrakAroM ne sUcana kiyA hai| sAmAyika dvArA sthUla pRSTa bhAga para kI samatA se aisI sUkSmatama, uccatama, AtmAnubhUti taka pahuMca jAtA hai ki jIva saMsAra aura mukti ko 'sama' mAnane lagatA hai| zrI AnaMdaghanajI mahArAja ne solahaveM zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAna-stavana me kahA hai - mAna apamAna citta sama gaNe, sama gaNe kanaka pASANa re; vaMdaka niMdaka sama gaNe, isyo hoye tuM jANe re, sarvajaMtune sama gaNe, samagaNe tRNa maNi bhAva re; mukti saMsAra beu sama gaNe, muNe bhavajalanidhi nAva re, ApaNo Atama bhAva je, eka cetanA dhAra re; avara savi sAtha saMjogathI, eha nija parikara sAra re. (mAna apamAna, kanaka pASANa, vaMdaka nidaMka ko jo sama mAnatA hai use tU Adarza rUpa mAna le / sarva jaMtuoM ko jo sama mAnatA hai, tRNa maNi bhAva ko jo sama mAnatA hai, mukti saMsAra ko jo sama mAnatA hai vaha bhavajalanidhi meM nAva pAra kara jAtA hai / apanA AtmabhAva vahI cetanAdhAra hai / dUsarA saba saMyogavazAt milatA haiM / yahI apane parikara kA sAra hai|) mukti aura saMsAra ina donoM ko jo sama mAnatA hai vaha samatA kA Adarza hai| vaha sUkSma cetanAdhAra anubhavagocara hai lekina usakA zabdo meM varNana azakya hai| mahAtmAoM ne aisI samatA kI mahimA kA bhinna bhinna prakAra se varNana kiyA hai| niMdA prasaMsAsu samo ya bhANAvasAga dArIsu / sama samaNa parajaNamaNo sAmAi saMgao jIvo // - (niMdA yA prazaMsA meM, mAna yA apamAna karanevAloM ke prati, svajana yA parajana ke sabaMdhoM meM jo samAna mana rakhatA hai (samatA kA zubha bhAva rakhatA hai) usa jIva ko sAmAyika saMgI mAna lenA / ) 'Avazyaka niyukti' meM bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kahA hai :

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175 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika jo samo savva bhUdesu tasesuthAdaresu ya / tassa sAmAiyaM hoya ii kevalibhAsiyaM / ' (jo sAdhaka trasa aura sthAvara rUpI jIvo ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai usakA sAmAyika zuddha hotA hai| aisA kevalI bhagavanto ne kahA hai|) haribhadra sUri ne 'paMcAzaka' graMtha meM likhA hai - samabhAvo sAmAiyaM taNa-kaMcaNa sattu mitta visaotti / NirabhissaMga cittaM uciyapavittippadANaM ca // . (samabhAva hI sAmAyika hai| tRNa ho yA sonA, zatru ho yA mitra / sarvatra citta ko Asakti rahita rakhanA aura pApa rahita ucita pravRttiyA~ karate rahanA sAmAyika hai|) pa.pU sva. bhadraMkara vijayajI gaNivarya ne likhA hai ki sAmAyika kA parama rahasya yaha haiM ki pratyeka jIva prati Atmavat draSTi rakhanA / apane Apako sukha acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA / aise hI jIva mAtra ko sukha iSTa hai du:kha aniSTa hai| isalie kisI ke bhI du:kha kA nimitta na bananA caahie| kisI bhI jIva ko tanika bhI duHkha pahuMcAne ke sAtha sAtha hI apane mana ko AghAta lage yahI sAmAyika dharma kI pariNati kA lakSaNa hai| AtmA meM vizva vyApI vizAlatA ko pragaTa karane kA sAdhana hai sAmAyika / isase svArtha sabaMdha dUra hokara sarva ke prati AtmIya bhAva pragaTa hotA haiM / sva saMrakSaNavRtti kA sarvasaMrakSaNa pravRtti meM parivartana karane kA stutya prayoga hI sAmAyika hai| vizva ke jIvoM ke hita kI upekSA kara koI AtmA sAmAyika meM nahIM raha sktaa| jIvana meM samatA, samatva anAsakti sahajatA se upalabdha nahIM hote / pUrva saMskAro kA aura pUrva ke zubha karmoM kA udaya isameM nimitta banate haiN| lekina usake sAtha sAtha apramatta puruSArtha bhI anivArya hotA hai / jIvana meM samatA kA praveza ho isa lie saMyama, zubha bhAvanA tathA Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA tyAga anivArya hai / java taka jIva asaMyamita ho, jaba taka azubha bhAvoM kI gati vidhi karmarata ho, jaba taka Arta aura raudra dhyAna vArtta pAlA jAtA ho taba taka jIvana meM samatA kA praveza nahI hotaa| zrI haribhadrasUrine sAmAyika ke lakSaNoM meM saMyama kA bhI khAsa nirdeza kiyA haiN| mana atyanta caMcala hotA hai| paMcendriyoM ke bhogopabhoga ke viSaya bhI anekAneka hote haiN| jabataka 1. Ava. niyukti 766 2. AcArya haribhadra. paMcAzaka. 11/5

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176 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi jIva inameM se nivRtta nahIM ho tabataka vaha saMyama pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| ata: tabataka use rAga aura dveSa ke nimitta prApta hote hI raheMge / isalie indriya aura mana para saMyama rakhane kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai| citta meM anya jIvoM ke prati vividha prakAra ke bhAva utpanna hote hai / inameM zubha bhAvoM meM maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha ina cAroM para vizeSa jora rakhA gayA hai / jaina dharma meM ina cAroM bhAvanAoM kA paricaya dharma dhyAna bhAvanAoM ke rUpa se diyA gayA hai / ina bhAvanAoM kI vRtti rakhane se Arta aura raudra dhyAna dUra hone lagate haiN| dUsare kA hita ciMtana karanA vahI maitrI haiN| dUsaroM ke guNa dekhakara Ananda anubhava honA vaha pramoda hai / dUsare ke du:kha dekhakara duHkhita honA aura unheM dUra karane ke lie ciMtA karanA vahI karuNA hai aura anya loga apanI hita zikSA ko lakSya meM na le to udAsInatA bhAva dhAraNa karanA vahI mAdhyastha hai| - zAstrakAroM ne citta meM uThate saMkalpa vikalpo kA pramukha cAra rUpa se paricaya diyA hai (1) Artta-dhyAna (2) raudra dhyAna (3) dharma-dhyAna aura (4) zukla dhyAna / Arta aura raudra dhyAna azubha dhyAna haiM aura tyAga yogya hai| Arta dhyAna ke cAra upavibhAga bhI batAe gayA haiM (2) aniSTa saMyoga janita (2) iSTa viyoga janita (3) pratikUla vedanA janita aura (4) niMdAjanita / isI taraha raudra dhyAna ke bhI cAra prakAra batAye haiM (1) hiMsAnaMda (2) mRSAnaMda (3) cauryAnaMda (4) parigrahAnaMda / jabataka Artta-dhyAna aura raudra-dhyAna jaise azubha dhyAna citta se nikala nahIM pAte taba taka vyakti zubha dhyAna kI aura abhimukha nahIM ho sakate / sAmAyika kA AcaraNa karane vAle vyakti ke lie azubha dhyAna kA tyAga anivArya hai| taduparAMta sAmAyika kA AcaraNa karane vAle vyakti ko sAvadha yoga kA bhI pAlana karanA cAhie yAni ki pApamaya pravRttiyoM se nivRtta honA cAhie / prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha prakAra ke pApa sthAna zAstrakAroM ne batAye haiM / inameM se jaba taka nivRtta na ho sakeM taba taka acchI taraha se sAmAyika kA pAlana nahIM ho sakatA isase yaha pratIti hotI hai ki saccA sAmAyika karane ke lie mana, vacana aura kAyA ko bahuta sI pUrva taiyAriyA~ karanI par3atI hai| sAmAyika ke bheda : samatA bhAva meM ramaNa karanevAle sabhI jIvoM kA samatA bhAva eka hI prakAra kA nahIM hotaa| isI ke kAraNa sAmAyika ke prakAra bhI alaga-alaga ho sakate haiN|

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177 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika sAmAyika ke mukhyata: tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM (1) samyaktva sAmAyika, (2) zruta sAmAyika aura (3) cAritra sAmAyika, ye tIna bheda haiM, kyoMki samyaktva dvArA, zruta dvArA yA cAritra dvArA hI samabhAva meM sthira rahA jA sakatA hai| cAritra sAmAyika bhI adhikArI kI apekSA se (1) deza aura (2) sarva, yoM do prakAra kA hai / deza sAmAyika cAritra gRhasthoM ko aura sarvasAmAyika cAritra sAdhuoM ko hotA hai / ' samatA, samyaktva, zAnti, suvihita Adi zabda sAmAyika ke paryAya haiM / ... gRhasthoM ke lie eka sAmAyika eka muhUrta (do ghar3I-48 minaTa) kA hotA hai| ata: vaha sAmAyika alpa nizcita kAla ke lie hI hato hai| isI lie hI usa sAmAyika ko 'itvara kAlika' (alpakAlIna kahA jAtA hai| sAdhu bhagavaMtoM kA sAmAyika jIvana paryanta kA hotA hai| isalie usa sAmAyika ko 'yAdatkathita' kahA jAtA hai| pUrvakAla meM gRhasthoM ke sAmAyika ke bhI do prakAra batAye gaye the| (1) RddhipAtra aura sAmAnya / rAjavI, maMtrI, bar3e bar3e preSThiyoM ko bAjate bajAte dhUmadhAma sahita upAzraya meM sAmAyika karane ke lie jAnA cAhie jisase sAmAnya janatA ati prabhAvita ho / sAmAnya gRhastha upAzraya meM yA ghara meM jo sAmAyika karate the use 'sAmAnya sAmAyika kahA jAtA thA / taduparAnta eka aisI bhI mAnyatA pravartamAna thI ki guNI logoM ko to ghara meM hI sAmAyika karanA caahie| unheM upAzraya meM sAmAyika karane ke lie na AnA cAhie kyoMki lenadAra sAmAyika karane AyA ho to apane lenadAra kA yA anya sAmAyika kartAoM ke manobhAvoM meM vikRti Ane kA athavA to usameM khalala pahu~cane kA pUrA saMbhava hai| gRhasthajana eka Asana para baiThakara ucita vastra pahanakara maryAdita upakaraNoM ke sAtha (rajoharaNa, navakArAvalI, jJAnagraMtha) do ghar3I kA jo vidhipUrvaka sAmAyika karate haiM use dravya sAmAyika kahate haiN| samatA bhAva kI sAdhanA hI usakA kartavya lakSya hai / AtmA kA svabhAva meM ramaNa yahI hai 'nizcaya sAmAyika' athavA bhAva sAmAyika' / isIlie 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai| appA sAmAiyaM, appA sAmAiyassa attho|' (AtmA sAmAyika hai / AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai / ) 1. A. ni., gA. 766 2. A. ni., gA. 1033 3. bhagavatI sUtra 2/

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178 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ne 'savAso gAthA' ke (eka sau paccIsa gAthAoM ke stavana meM kahA hai : bhagavatI aMge bhakhIo, sAmAyika artha, sAmAyika paNa AtamA dharo sUdho artha Atma tattva vicArIe / (bhagavatI sUtra meM sAmAyika kA artha diyA gayA hai| usakA artha sarala hai| vaha hai AtmA hI sAmAyika hai| to Atmatattva ko socie / ) zrI kuMdakudAcArya ne 'niyamasAra' meM isa prakAra ke nizcaya sAmAyika kA 'sthAyI' sAmAyika rUpa se paricaya diyA hai| jo samo savvabhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya / tassa sAmAiyaM ThAi iya kevali bhAsiyaM // 126 / / -- (sa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvoM ke prati jo samatA bhAva rakhatA hai usakA sAmAyika sthAyI hai aisA kevala bhagavaMto ne kahA hai / ) 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM eka suMdara prasaMga kA Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| usameM sAmAyika ke tattva svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| . bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke kaI sAdhu vicarate the / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM cAturtha mahAvara (cAra mahAvrata) ke dharma kA pracAra thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dezakAla ko sammukha rakhakara cAra vratoM kI jagaha pA~ca mahAvrata kA upadeza diyA aura pratidina kAla pratikramaNa kA bhI bodha diyA / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke kAlAsya veNiputra nAmaka aNagAra (yati) bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke kucha sAdhuoM se milate haiM / taba ve pUchate haiM, 'he sthaviro! tuma sAmAyika jAnate ho ? tuma sAmAyika kA artha samajhate ho ?' sthaviroM ne kahA, 'he kAlAsya veNiputra ! hama sAmAyika jAnate haiN| aura sAmAyika kA artha bhI samajhate haiN| he sthavira ! yadi Apa jAnate haiM to mujhe batalAiye ki sAmAyika kyA hai ? 'he Arya ! hamArI AtmA hI sAmAyika hai aura vahI sAmAyika kA artha hai / isake bAda una sthaviroMne kAlAsya veNiputra ko saMyama sAdhanA ke lie krodhAdi kaSAyoM

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179 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika kI niMdA-gardA kyoM aura kitanI Avazyaka hai vaha smjhaayaa| isI prakAra jina arthoM ke marma se ve aparicita the, vaha una sthaviroM se prApta hote hI kAlAsya veNiputra ne pratikramaNa sahita paMca mahAvrata kA dharma apnaayaa| aura usa dharma kA acchI taraha pAlana kara, upasargAdi samabhAva se sahana kara, karma kSaya kara, kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura vigati prApta kii| isa prakAra sAmAyika kA artha hai aatmaa| itanI ucca koTi taka sAmAyika kA mahAtmya batAyA gayA hai| 'Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA haiM : sAmAiya bhAvapariNaya bhAvAo jIva eva sAmAiyaM / (svabhAva pariNati hI sAmAyika hai| isI taraha svabhAva ke dRSTikoNa se jIva (AtmA) hI sAmAyika hai| 'vizeSAvazyaka bhASya' meM bhI kahA gayA hai : sAmAio vautto jIvo sAmAiyaM sayaM ceva / (sAmAyika meM upayoga yukta jIva (AtmA) apane Apa svayaM sAmAyika hai|) paryAyavAcI nAmoM ke dRSTikoNa se bhI sAmAyika ke prakAra batAye gaye haiN| sAmAyika ke ATha prakAroM ke nAma aura una pratyeka para zAstrakAroM ne dRSTAnta diye haiN| isake lie nimna prakAra kI gAthAe~ hai : sAmAiyaM samaiyaM sammaM vAo samAsa saMkhevo / aNavajjhaM ca pariNNA paccakhANeya te aTThA // (sAmAyika, samayika, samavAda, samAsa, saMkSepa, anavadya, parijJA aura pratyAkhyAna isa prakAra ATha nAma sAmAyika ke haiN|) damadaMta meaje kAlaya putthA cilAiputte ya / dhammasai ilA teilI sAmAiya aThThadAharaNA // (1) damadaMta rAjavI (2) metArya muni (3) kAlakAcArya (4) cilAtI putra (5) laukikAcAra paMDita loga (6) dharma ruci sAdhu (7) ilAcIputra (8) teilI putra / sAmAyika saMbaMdhI isa prakAra ATha udAharaNa haiN| sAmAyika ke ATha nAmoM ke artha nimna prakAra haiM : (1) sAmAyika-jisameM samatA bhAva rakhA jAtA hai| damadaMta rAjavI isa samabhAva sAmAyika para dRSTAnta rUpa hai| 1. Ava. ni. 766

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180 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi (2) samayika-sa-mayika / mayA kA artha hai dayA / sarva jIvoM ke prati dayA kA bhAva rakhanA yahI hai samayika saamaayik| isa samayika sAmAyika para metArya muni kA dRSTAnta suprasiddha hai| (3) samavAda-sama kA artha hai rAga-dveSa rhittaa| jisameM isa prakAra ke vacana bole jAte haiM vahI samavAda saamaayik| usake lie kAlakAcArya (kalikAcArya) kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| (4) samAsa-samAsa kA artha hai saMlagna honA, ekatrita karanA, vistAra kama karanA, kama zabdoM meM zAstroM kA marma samajhAnA / isa samAsa sAmAyika para cilAtI-putra kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| (5) saMkSepa - kama zabdoM kA adhika artha vistAra socanA athavA dvAdazAMgI kA sAra rUpa tattva jAnanA / isa saMkSepa sAmAyika para laukikAcAra paMDito kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| (6) anavadya - anavadya kA artha hai niSpApa / anavadya sAmAyika vahI hai jo pApa rahita AcaraNa rUpa sAmAyika hai / usa para aNagAra (yati) kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai / (7) parijJA - parijJA kA artha hai tattva ko acche rUpa se jAnanA / parijJA sAmAyika para ilAcIkumAra kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai / (8) pratyAkhyAna - pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai paccakkhANa / kisI bhI cIja kI pratijJA hai paccakkhANa / pratyAkhyAna sAmAyika para teilIputra kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sAmAyika ke ATha alaga alaga paryAya sadRSTAMta batAye gaye haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kI dRSTi dekara jagata ke jIvoM para mahAna upakAra kiyA hai / bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM ke dRSTikoNa se pratyeka paristhiti kI jAMca kI hai / sAmAyika ke viSaya meM artha, rahasya aura dhyeya ke jJAna binA kevala gatAnugatika paraMparA se aisA vaisA sAmAyika kartA se lekara samabhAva kI vizuddhatama pariNati taka sAmAyika kI aneka kakSAai hotI haiN| nyaya aura nyAsa ke prakhara abhyAsI zrI yazovijayajI ne sAtanya kI apekSA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara sAmAyika ke prakAra dikhalAye haiM aura usa sAmAyika svarupa kA varNana bhI unhoMne eka pada meM kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM : catura nara / sAmAyika naya dhAro ! loka pravAha choDakara apanI pariNAte zuddha vicaaro| (he caturanara ! naya sAmAyika ko dhAraNa karo / loka pravAha kA tyAga kara apanI zuddha pariNati soclo|) dUsare pada meM ve saMgraha naya kI apekSA se sAmAyika kA Adarza prastuta karate hue kahate hai : dravyata akhaya abhaMga AtamA sAmAyika nija jAte /

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika jJAnavaMta kI saMgati nAhI rahiyo prathama guNaThANe // (dravya akSaya hai aura AtmA abhaga / sAmAyika apane sthAna para hai| jJAnavaMta kI saMgati nahIM hai / isalie prathama guNasthAnaka para raho / ) isa prakAra prathama guNasthAnaka se terahaveM guNasthAnaka taka jIva kA sAmAyika kaisA kaisA hotA hai usakA varNana isa pada meM kiyA hai| ata: satata abhyAsa dvArA UrdhvagAmI hone kI yAtrA hI sAmAyika hai aisA batalAte ve aMta meM kahate hai / sAmAyika nara aMtara dRSTe, jo dina-dina abhyAse, jaga jazavAda leha jo beTho, jJAnavaMta ke pAsa / (pratidina ke abhyAsa ke bAda sAmAyika kartA nara aMtarmukha hotA hai jo jJAnavaMta ke pAsa baiThatA hai vaha jaga meM yaza pAtA hai| . ___ sAmAyika meM dravya kriyA se lekara dezavirati, sarvavirati, saMvara aura nirjarA, upazrama zreNI, kSapaka zreSI, AtmA ke ATha sacaka praveza, cAra ghanaghAtI karmo kA kSaya, kevalajJAna aura aMtara meM siddhagati / ina sabhI ko lakSya meM rakhakara siddhAtmAoM kI aMtima sthiti taka kI bhinna bhinna gati kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna naya ke kisa prakAra se artha hote haiM yaha zAstrakAra maharSi ne batalAyA hai ! sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai : __isa ananta vaividhyapUrNa saMsAra meM sarva jIva eka samAna koTi ke ho nahIM skte| bhinnabhinna gati kI apekSA se jIvoM ko dekheM to kitane hI devagati meM haiM aura kitane hI manuSyagati meM vaya kI apekSA se manuSyoM kA vicAra kareM to kitane hI bAlyAvasthA meM hai aura kitane hI vRddhAvasthA meM / yadi mokSa gati hI jIvoM kA aMtima lakSya ho to kitane hI jIva mokSagati kI aura Age baDhe hue dikhAI deMge to viparIta sthiti meM balAt, zramapUrvaka gati karate, dikhAI deNge| mokSa mArgI jIva bhI bhinna-bhinna kakSA ke dikhAI deMge aura bhinna-bhinna staroM meM bhI / jaba tIrthaMkara paramAtmA samavasaraNa meM dezanA (bodha) dete haiM to vaha aisI hotI haiM ki isameM se kisI bhI kakSA ke sarva vikAsonmukha jIvoM ko apanI kakSA se UrdhvagAmI hone kA mArgadarzana mila jAtA haiN| ___ mokSa prApti ke lie samyag darzana, samyag jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai / samyak cAritra ke do prakAra haiM sarva virati aura deza virati / sarva virati prakAra meM gRha saMsAra tyajakara dIkSA apanAne vAle sAdhu bhagavaMto ke cAritra samAviSTa hote haiM / jo gRhastha saMyama ArAdhana kare ve dezavirati cAritra meM samAviSTa hote haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarva viti

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182 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sAdhu bhagavaMto ke lie ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke pAMca vratoM ke pAlana karane kA Adeza diyA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie bhI ina vratoM kA AMzikarUpa se pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA gayA haiM / isalie aNuvrata choTe vrata ke rUpa meM usakI pahacAna dI gaI hai / ina aNuvrato kA acchI taraha pAlana ho sake isalie dUsare tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata kA pAlana karane kA Adeza bhagavAna ne diyA hai| tIna guNavrata hai : (1) dika parimANa vrata (2) bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata aura (3) anartha daMDa viramaNa vrata / cAra zikSAvrata hai : (1) sAmAyika vrata (2) desAvakAsika vrata (3) pauSadhavrata aura (4) atithi saMvibhAga vrt| isa prakAra zrAvaka ke bArahavrata batAye gaye haiN| jo dezavirati zrAvaka ina bAraha vrato kA dRDha rUpa se pAlana karatA hai vaha sAdhu kI kakSA ke nikaTa pahuMca jAtA hai| ina bAraha vrato meM navA~ vrata aura zikSAvratoM meM pahalA vrata sAmAyika vrata hai| yadi zrAvaka sAmAyika vrata kA yathA yogya pAlana kare to vaha utanA samaya sAdhutva meM praveza karatA hai| sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai| zikSAkA artha hai abhyAsa / 'dharmabindu' graMtha meM zrI haribhadrasUri ne kahA hai - 'sAdhu dharmAbhyAsa shikssaa|' isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki jisameM acchA (sAdhu) dharmAbhyAsa ho usakA nAma hai zikSA / zikSAvrata kA artha hai punaH puna: abhyAsa kA vrata / zrIharibhadrasUri ne paMcAzaka' meM kahA hai - . sikkhAvayaM tu etthaM sAmAiyamo tayaM tu viNeyaM / sAvajeyara jogANa vajaNA sevaNArUvaM // (yahA~ zrAvaka-dharma ke sAmAyika ko zikSAvrata rUpa se jAnanA / sAvadha aura itara (anavadya) yogoM kA kramaza: tyAga karanA aura sevana karanA / yaha vrata isa prakAra kA hai|) abhayadevasUri ne zikSA kA artha bodha karate hue kahA hai ki grahaNa aura sevana rUpI paramapada sAdhaka kI jo ceSTA hai vahI zikSA / jisa vrata meM aisI ceSTA mukhya rUpa ho vaha zikSAvrata ! sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai isIlie hI usakA puna: puna: AcaraNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| kisI bhI kArya ko duharAne se, usake adhika muhAvare se vaha acche rUpa se kiyA jAtA

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 183 hai / jaise jaise anubhava bar3hatA jAtA hai vaise vaise doSa dUra ho jAte haiM / abhyAsa se sAdhanA meM uttarottara vizuddhi hotI rahatI hai| prAraMbha meM jarA sI apakvatA rahatI hai| isI hI kAraNa vaha pravRtti tyAga yogya nahIM hai| kumhAra kA lar3akA cakra para miTTI ke bartana banAnA sIkhe athavA to choTA baccA akSara-lekhana sIkhe to isameM jyoM jyoM vizeSa mahAvarA hotA jAya tyoM tyoM pariNAma acchA AtA hai| sAmAyika vrata ke AraMbha meM sAtha meM lene kI yA alaga karane kI vidhi kA kisI ko koI bhI jJAna na ho to isake binA bhI sAmAyika kA AraMbha kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura usake bAda usakI vidhi kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| zAstrakAroMne kahA hai ki zikSAvrata ke pAlana na karane vAloM ko jitanA doSa lagatA hai itanA doSa avidhi vrata karane vAle ko nahIM lgtaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM zrI jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne kahA hai - sAmAiaMmi u kae samaNo iva sAvavo havaijamhA / e eNa kAraNeNaM bahuso sAmAiyaM kujaa| (sAmAyika karane se zrAvaka sAdhu jaisA banatA hai| isalie adhika bAra sAmAyika karanA caahie|) do ghaDI ke sAmAyika meM pApa rUpa pravRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiM aura tyAga-saMyamAdi bhAvoM kA anubhava hotA hai / isalie zrAvakoM ko jaba jaba bhI samaya mile taba taba sAmAyika karane kA sUcana kiyA gayA haiN| jAhe khaNiu tAhe sAmAiyaM karei / anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai - jIvo pamAya bahulo bahusovi a bahuvihesu atthesu / e eNa kAraNeNaM bahuso sAmAiyaM kujA / / (jIva adhika pramAdayukta hai / anekavidha arthoM meM (padArthoM meM) vaha ati rata rahatA hai| isalie adhika bAra sAmAyika karanA cAhie / ) Avazyaka cUrNi meM kahA hai : yadA savva sAmAiyaM kAumasato tadA desa sAmAiyaMpi tAva bahuso kujA tathA jatthaM vA vIsamai acchaI vA nivvAro savattha sAmAiyaM karei / (jaba sarva se (sarva virati lekara) sAmAyika karane meM asamartha ho, taba deza se (deza viti meM) bhI adhika sAmAyika karanA cAhie / aura jaba vizrAma (phurasata) mile athavA nirvyApAra sthiti ho (dUsarA koI kAma na ho) taba to sAmAyika sarvathA hI karanA caahie|)

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* 184 'sAgAra dharmAmRta' meM kahA hai : samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sAmAyikaM suduHsAdhyamapyabhyAsena sAdhyatte / nimnI karoti vA binduH kiM nAzmAnaM muhuH patana // ( atyanta duHsAdhya hote hue bhI sAmAyika abhyAsa se 'nitya pravRtti se' sAdhya hotA hai / satata jala bindu girane se kyA patthara ( ghisakara ) nIcA nahIM ho jAtA ? ) gRhasthoM ko kriyA - vidhipUrvaka karane kA dravya sAmAyika do ghar3I kA hotA hai| gRhasthoM guru bhagavaMta ko sAkSI rakhakara (athavA sthApanAcArya ke sammukha hokara) pratidina Avazyaka kriyA ke rUpa meM usakA avazyAcaraNa karanA anivArya hai / gRhasthoM ko apane gRhajIvana kI maryAdAe hotI haiN| isalie unake lie isa dravya sAmAyika kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| lekina dravya sAmAyika kA Adarza vahI hotA hai ki vaha bhAva sAmAyika meM pariNata ho jAya / gRhastha cAhe vaha puruSa ho yA strI jaba ve dravya sAmAyika karate haiM taba yadi puruSoM kA mana atyaMjavAsa meM apanA diyA huA RNa vasUla karane meM yA strI kA mana rasoIghara meM bhaTakatA ho to vaha dravya sAmAyika sirfa dravya sAmAyika hI rahatA hai| usameM bhAvalInatA kA abhAva hone se vaha adhika phala nahIM detA / puNiyA zrAvaka gRhastha thA / phira bhI usakA dravya sAmAyika aisA uttama bhAva sAmAyika banA rahatA ki usake sAmAyika kI prazaMsA khuda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se huI hai| sAmAyika kA samaya 1 dravya sAmAyika do ghar3I kA honA cAhie aisI prAcIna paraMparA calI AtI hai / isa sAmAyika ke prAraMbha meM aura aMta meM alaga-alaga karane kI vidhi meM kucha parivartana hotA rahA hai / phira bhI usakA pramukha dhvani aura bhAva to samAna hI rahA hai / sAmAyika ke prAraMbha aura alagatA kI kriyAvidhi meM kucha sUtra bolane paDate haiM / ina sUtroM meM navakAra maMtra, paMcidia, iriyAvahI, tassauttarI, annattha, logassa, karemi bhante Adi sUtra samAna rahe haiM / anya kucha sUtroM meM prabhinnatA se pharka hotA hai| phira bhI usakA Azaya samAna rahA hai / kisI bhI kriyAvidhi meM prAraMbha meM navakAra maMtra ke bAda iriyAvahI sUtra par3hA jAtA hai| vaha doSakSamApana kA sUtra hai| jaba taka iriyAvahI sUtroM dvArA, doSoM kI kSamApanA dvArA zuddhi nahIM hotI taba taka kisI bhI dhArmika kriyA va vidhi adhika phala nahIM detI / iriyAvahI ke sAtha logassa kA kAusagga avazyarUpa se jur3A huA hotA hai| isase darzana vizuddhi kA lAbha hotA hai / sAmAyika kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai 'karemi bhante samAiyaM' / sAmAyika ke lie vaha pratijJAsUtra

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika hai / sAmAyika kA AdhAra isa pratijJAsUtra para hai I tIrthaMkara paramAtmA paMcamuSTi se laucana kara svayaM dIkSita hote haiM taba sAmAyika cAritra kI pratijJA lete haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmIne sAmAyika cAritra kI pratijJA lI usa samaya unhoMne siddha bhagavaMtoM ko vaMdana kara, 'karemi sAmAiyaM savvaM me akaraNijjaM pAva kammaM' isI prakAra uccAraNa kara pratijJA lI thii| sAdhu bhagavaMta jaba pratijJA lete haiM taba 'karemi bhagavaMta sAmAiyaM' kI pratijJA trividha trividha arthAt navakoTi pUrvaka lete haiM / gRhasthaloga jaba do ghar3I kA sAmAyika karate haiM taba 'karemi bhante' sUtroccAra kara ve koTipUrvaka paccakkhANa lete haiM / isalie sAdhu bhagavaMtoM ke 'karemi bhante' aura gRhasthoM ke 'karemi bhante' meM kucha zabda bhinna dikhAI dete ye zabda adhika mahattvapUrNa, arthasabhara aura sUcaka haiN| sAdhu bhagavaMta jaba dIkSA lete haiM taba 'karemi bhante' bolate haiN| ve yAvajjIvana sAmAyika kA svIkAra karate haiN| gRhasthoM kA sAmAyika niyamAnusAra arthAt do ghar3I kA hotA hai| ataH sAdhu bhagavaMtoM ke lie sarva prakAra ke sAvadha yoga ke paccakkhANa grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| isalie unake 'karemi bhante' meM 'savvaM' aura 'jAvajIvAyaM' zabda samAviSTa hote haiN| gRhasthoM ke jIvana meM AraMbha-samAraMbha calatA rahatA hai| isalie ve do ghar3I ke sAvadyayoga ke paccakkhANaM apanAte haiN| sAdhu bhagavaMtoM ko gRhasthajIvana kA, arthopArjana kA yA anya sAMsArika uttaradAyitva nahIM hotA / sarva sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM se ve nivRtta ho gaye haiM / isalie ve tIna karaNa (karanA, karAnA, anumodana denA) aura tIna yogoM se ( mana, vacana, kAyA se) paccakkhANa grahaNa karate haiM / gRhasthoM ko uttaradAyitva hotA hai / arthopArjana aura sAMsArika kAryoM meM mamatA kA bhAva hotA hai| isalie ve do karaNa aura tIna yogoM se paccakkhANa grahaNa karate haiN| mana, vacana aura kAyA se sAvadha yoga kA anumodana nahIM karUMgA aisA paccakkhANa gRhasthoM ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai| ve use lene ko samartha yA adhikRta nahIM haiN| agara ve use grahaNa kareM to bhI bhaMga hone kI saMpUrNa saMbhAvanA hai| isalie sAdhuoM ke 'karemi bhante' meM 'tiviha tiviheNa' aura 'karataMpi annaM' na samaNujjANemi pATha AtA hai / sAdhuoM ke lie yAvajjIvana samabhAva meM anAsakti bhAva se, sAkSIbhAva se rahanA Avazyaka hai| gRhasthoM ko do ghar3I ke lie hI usakI sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai / isalie sAmAyika ke bIca yadi gRhastha khAye-pIye to bhI usake lie vaha sAvadya yoga hai / sAdhu bhagavaMta yadi AhArAdi kare, zaucAdi kriyAe~ kare to bhI unake lie ve sAvadya kriyA nahIM hai / sAdhu bhagavaMtoM ke lie tIna karaNa aura tIna yogoM se pAparUpa kArya na karane ke paccakkhANa hote haiM / unake nava bhAMgA (prakAra) isa prakAra haiM (1) mana se nahIM karU~gA / (2) vacana se nahIM karU~gA / (3) kAyA se nahIM karU~gA / (4) mana se nahI karAU~gA / (5) vacana se nahIM karAU~gA / 185

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186 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi (6) kAyA se nahIM karAU~gA / (7) mana se anumodana nahIM karU~gA / (8) vacana se anumodana nahIM karU~gA / (9) kAyA se anumodana nahIM karU~gA / isa prakAra 'karemi bhante' meM sAdhu bhagavaMto ke lie nava bhAMgA athavA nava koTipUrvaka paccakkhANa lenA Avazyaka hai| gRhasthoM ke lie chaha bhAMgA athavA chaha koTi pUrvaka paccakkhANa lenA Avazyaka hai / vidhipUrvaka sAmAyika karate samaya 'karemi bhante sAmAiyaM' sUtra dvArA pratijJA lenI par3atI hai / bhAratIya paraMparA meM dhArmika vidhiyoM meM prasaMgAnusAra aura dhyeya mahattvAnusAra maMtra, stotra ityAdi kA eka bAra, tIna bAra, pA~ca bAra, sAta bAra, nava, bAraha, ikkIsa yA adhika bAra paThana uccAraNa kiye jAte haiM / pahalI bAra ke uccAraNa meM tvarA ke kAraNa, anavadhAna ke kAraNa yA anya kisI kAraNa se usake artha aura hetu meM citta ekAgra na huA ho to adhika uccAraNa se vaha ekAgra ho jAtA hai| aisI kucha vidhiyoM meM maMtrasUtrAdi ko adhika bAra duharAne kI paddhati sarvamAnya hai / (sArvajanika jIvana meM bhI kabhI kabhI zapatha vidhi meM yA vidhAyaka ko anumodana dene ke lie tIna bAra pATha karane kI prathA kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ) aisA abhiprAya pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ki sAmAyika vidhi meM usake pratijJA - sUtra kA sabase adhika mahattva hone ke kAraNa usakA uccAraNa eka bAra nahIM kintu tIna bAra karanA caahie| kaI zAstrakAroM ne aisA abhiprAya pradarzita kiyA hai / vyavahAra - sUtra meM (4 gAthA 309) kahA hai 1 : sAmAiyaM tiguNabhaTThagahaNaM ca / usa para bhASya likhate hue AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai triguNaM trIna varAna seho sAmAyikamuccarayati / ( vartamAna samaya meM zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka samudAya, sAmAyika vidhi meM 'karemi bhante' sUtra kA eka bAra uccAraNa karatA hai / sthAnakavAsI paraMparA meM usakA uccAraNa tIna bAra hotA hai / eka bAra yA tIna bAra bolane kI yaha paraMparA kitanI prAcIna hai aura usameM kaba parivartana huA vaha bhI saMzodhana kA eka rasapUrNa viSaya hai / ) sAmAyika kA samaya do ghaDI se adhika nahIM rakhA gayA kyoMki mAnavacitta kisI bhI viSaya meM sAmAnyata: do ghar3I se adhika ekAgra nahIM ho sakatA / isa bAta ko yadi dhyAna meM rakheM to, yadi sAmAyika kI vidhi lambI yA kaThina ho to citta svastha aura ekAgra hone se pahale hI aisI vidhi se zramita na ho jAya ? vidhi ke saMdarbha meM yaha prazna eka mahattva kA prazna nahIM ho sakatA ?

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 187 saMbhava hai ki nivRtta dharmapremI gRhastha vidhipUrvaka eka hI sAtha eka se bhI adhika sAmAyika kara skeN| lekina jo vyavasAyI aura vyasta gRhastha ho ve subaha-zAma hI sAmAyika kara sakeM aura isI prakAra sAmAyika karane kA bhAva utpanna ho isalie sAmAyika kI sarala aura saMkSipta phira bhI upayogI kriyA sahita vidhi honI caahie| kabhI-kabhI do ghar3I kA samaya na bhI ho aura phira bhI sAmAyika karane kA utkaTa bhAva ho to kyA karanA ? zrI ratnazekharasUri Adi pUrvAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki aise saMyogoM meM karemi bhante' ke pATha uccAraNa ke binA hI apanI dhAraNA ke mutAbika sAmAyika karanA kyoMki karemi bhante' meM guru bhagavaMta ke prati jo AdarabhAva hai vaha surakSita rahanA cAhie / 'karemi bhante' ke pATha uccAraNa ke bAda usakI pratijJA vidhi kA anAdara na honA caahie| isalie karemi bhante' ke uccAraNa sahita vidhivrata kiyA gayA sAmAyika to avazya do ghar3I kA hI honA caahie| gRhasthoM ko sAmAyika kisa prakAra karanA cAhie ? aura kitane samaya taka karanA cAhie ? zAstrakAroM ne usake vAste eka muhUrta arthAta do ghar3I kA samaya (48 minaTa kA samaya) kahA hai| dina aura rAtri meM jo kAla vyatIta hotA hai usakA vibhAjana prAcIna kAla meM muhUrta ghar3IkA pala aura vipala Adi meM kiyA gayA thA / purANakAla meM jo kAlamApaka pracalita the usameM kAMca kI ghar3I' bhI thii| kA~ca ke Upara ke gole meM se sabhI reta nIce rakhe hue gole meM gira jAya itane kAla ko ghar3I kahA jAtA thaa| do ghar3I milakara eka muhUrta jitanA kAla banatA / isa muhUrta kA vartamAna paryAya 48 minaTa hotA hai| __ Agama graMthoM meM gRhasthoM ke sAmAyika ke lie kisI nizcita kAla kA nirdeza nahIM hai| aura 'karemi bhante' sUtra meM jAva niyama' zabda bhI dekhane milate haiN| usakA artha hotA hai jaba taka niyama apanAyA hai taba taka / jaba samayamApaka upakaraNa sulabha na the taba loga nizcita sAyA nizcita sthala taka pahu~ce taba taka athavA dIpa saMpUrNa rUpa se jala rahe taba taka yA aise koI cihna rakhakara samaya ke niyama apanAte the| ghar3I kA yaMtra pracalita hone ke bAda usakA niyama liyA jAtA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya pazcAt eka muhUrta athavA do ghar3I kA nirdeza sAmAyika ke lie dikhAI detA hai / sAmAyika meM sAvadha yoga kA paccakkhANa liyA jAtA hai| alaga-alaga paccakravANa ke alaga alaga kAlamAna hote haiN| sabase choTA paccakkhANa navakArazI kA hai| usameM samaya nirdeza nahIM hai| phira bhI paraMparA se isakI kAla-gaNanA eka muhUrta kI kI jAtI hai| usI prakAra sAmAyika meM bhI kAlanirdeza nahIM hai lekina paraMparA se vaha eka muhUrta kA mAnA jAtA hai| sAmAyika ke kAla saMdarbha meM spaSTatA karate hue jinalAbhasUrine Atmaprabodha' meM likhA hai :

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188 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi iha sAvadhayogapratyAkhyAnarUpasya sAmAyikasya muhUrtamAnatA siddhAnne'nuktA'pi jJAtavyA pratyAkhyAnakAlasya jadhanyato'pi muhUrtamAtratvAnnamaskArasahita pratyAkhyAnavaditi / (isa sAvadha yoga ke pratyAkhyAna rUpa sAmAyika kA muhUtakAla svIkAra kA nirNaya zAstra-siddhAntoM meM nahIM hai| lekina kisI bhI pratyAkhyAna kA jaghanyakAla navakArazI ke pratyAkhyAna ke samAna eka muhUrta kA hai|) hemacandrAcArya ne yogazAstra' ke tRtIya prakAza meM sAmAyika lakSaNa nirdeza karate samaya muhUrtakAla kA nirdeza kiyA hai| sAdhu bhagavaMtoM kA sAmAyika yAvajjIvana hotA hai| ve AraMbha, parigraha yA arthopArjana yA gRhasaMsAra nibhAne ke uttaradAyitva se mukta haiM / isalie sAvadyayogoM meM se nivRtta hokara ve satata samatAbhAva meM raha sakate haiN| isake hI kAraNa unake lie nizcita kAla eka Asana para baiThanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / (pratikramaNa Adi kriyAvidhi ke lie bAta aura hai / ) gRhastha loga sAMsArika uttaradAyitva se nivRtta ho jAne ke bAda eka Asana para baiTha sakate haiM aura samatAbhAva meM raha sakate haiN| isalie kAyA ke sAvadha yoga agara zAMta ho jAya to ve antarmukha hokara samatAbhAva kA anubhava bhI kara sakate haiN| yadi gRhasthoM ke lie aisI koI kAlamaryAdA rakhI na hotI aura samayAvakAzAnusAra pA~ca paMdraha minITa kA sAmAyika ve kara sakeM aisI vyavasthA hotI to isa kriyAvidhi kA koI gaurava na rahatA aura anavasthA pravartamAna hotii| aura gRhasthoM ke jIvana meM zithilatA, pramAda Adi kA honA bhI saMbhava hai| isalie kama se kama samaya ke lie sAmAyika karane kI vRtti bar3hatI jAya, ekadUsare kA anukaraNa bhI hone lage aura aMta meM sAmAyika ke prati abhAva bhI utpanna ho jaay| isa dRSTikoNa se bhI sAmAyika kA kAlamAna nizcita ho vaha Avazyaka haiN| taduparAMta kisI bhI kriyAvidhi meM jahA~ svecchA se samaya vyatIta karanA hotA hai vahA~ eka prakAra kI ekarUpatA (Uniformity) ho aura sAmAnya janasamudAya meM vAdavivAda, saMzaya Adi ko avakAza na ho yaha bhI Avazyaka hai| ata: kitanI hI sadiyA~ bIta jAne ke bAda bhI sAmAyika ke do ghar3I ke kAlamAna kI paraMparA bhinna-bhinna pradeza ke, bhinna-bhinna bhASA bolane vAle sabhI jainoM meM samAna rUpa se calI AI haiN| kisI ke mana meM yaha prazna bhI upasthita ho sakatA hai ki sAmAyika kI kAlamaryAdA do ghaDI kI hI kyoM ? adhika samaya ke lie na rakhI jAya ? isakA uttara yaha ho sakatA hai ki gRhasthajIvana ko aura manuSya kI cittazakti ko lakSya meM rakhakara yaha kAlamaryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| sAmAyika kA kAla itanA laMbA na honA cAhie ki jisase apane dainika uttaradAyitva aura kAryoM se nivRtta ho kara itane kama samaya ke lie bhI avakAza pAnA gRhasthoM ke lie

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189 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika muzkila ho jAya / taduparAnta sAmAyika meM sthirakAya hokara eka-Asana para baiThanA Avazyaka hai / bhukha, tRSA, zaucAdi, vyApAroM ko lakSameM rakhakara aura deha bhI jakaDA na jAya use dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha kAla maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai / sAmAyika meM baiThane vAloM ko sAmAyika protsAhaka honA cAhie / zarIra ke lie vaha daMDa na bananA caahie| eka aura dUsarI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAla ucita mAnA gayA hai / sAmAyika meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki citta ko samabhAva meM rakhanA / sAmAnya mAnavI kA mana kisI bhI eka vicAra, viSaya, ciMtana, manana ke lie do ghar3I se adhika sthira nahIM raha sktaa| do ghar3I ke bAda citta meM caMcalatA aura viSayAMtara kA praveza hotA hai / bhadrabAhu svAmI ne Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA hai ki 'aMto muhUrtakAlaM cittassegagga yA havai jhANaM / (citta kisI bhI eka viSaya para dhyAna eka muhUrta taka kara sakatA hai|) / ___ Adhunika mAnasazAstrI aura zikSAzAstrIoM ne bhI isa bAta ko apanA samarthana diyA hai| kaI-kaI gRhasthoM ke pAsa eka Asana para baiThakara ekasAtha hI eka se adhika sAmAyika karane ke lie tana aura citta kI zakti hotI hai| unheM phira se sAmAyika alaga karane kI aura lene kI vidhi karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kintu aise vyaktiyoM ko bhI ekasAtha tIna se adhika sAmAyika nahIM karanA caahie| tIna sAmAyika saMpUrNa karane ke bAda alaga-alaga kI vidhi ko karane ke bAda hI puna: vidhipUrvaka cauthA sAmAyika kA prAraMbha karanA caahie| citta ke upayoga ko lakSya meM rakhakara aisA nirdeza kiyA hai / _sAmAyika lene kI vidhi pUrNa karane ke bAda do ghar3I kA 48 minaTa kA samaya gRhasthoM ko sAmAyika meM vyatIta karanA par3atA hai| sAmAyika lene kA aura use alaga karane kA samaya isameM samAviSTa nahIM hotA / isa 48 minaTa meM sAmAyika-kartA ko kyA karanA cAhie ? sAmAyika-kartA ina 48 minaTa meM mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sAvadha yoMgoM ko taja kara samatva ke abhyAsa se sva-rUpa meM lIna ho jAya aura Atma-ramaNatA kA anubhava kare yahI sAmAyika kA Adarza hai| kintu isa prakAra ekasAtha 48 minaTa taka AtmaramaNA meM sthira honA mahAna tyAgI puruSoM ke lie bhI duSkara hai| phira gRhasthoM kI to bAta hI kyA ? gRhastha ke lie to yaha zikSAvrata hai isalie gRhasthoM ko isakA abhyAsa karanA caahie| prAraMbha meM to ina 48 minaTa kaise vyatIta karanA yaha prazna bhI upasthita ho sakatA hai| isalie zAstrakAroM ne batAyA hai ki sAmAyika meM svAdhyAya karanA cAhie / sAmAyika vidhi meM bhI svAdhyAya ke lie guru mahArAja kI anujJA Avazyaka hai| apanI ruci aura zakti ke anusAra AdhyAtmika graMthoM kA svAdhyAya ho sakatA hai| aura svAdhyAya ke prakAra haiM vAcanA, pRcchanA, parAvartanA, anuprekSA aura dharmakathA /

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190 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi guru mahArAja yA kisI jJAnI ke sAnnidhya meM sAmAyika hotA hai to unake sAtha zAstracarcA bhI ho sakatI hai| aura sAmAyika meM svayaM ne kaMThastha kiye stotroM kA mukhapATha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, athavA naye sUtra, stavana, sajjhAya Adi bhI ginI jA sakatI hai yA maMtrajApa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kaI-kaI zAstrakAroM ne sAmAyika ke prAraMbha meM Atma-zuddhi aura karma ke lie cAra logassa kA kAusagga par3hane kA sUcana kiyA hai| jo loga ghara meM sAmAyika karate haiM unheM khAsa taura se yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki unakA citta ghara kI bAtoM meM bhaTakane na lge| isake lie saceta rahanA caahie| jo loga sAmAyika meM bolane kI anujJA lete hai unheM apane vacana-yoga kA saMpUrNa rakSaNa ho isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / anyathA sArA sAmAyika gapa-zapa meM vyatIta ho jAne kA pUrA saMbhava hai| sAmAyika meM bolane kA niSedha nahIM hai lekina sAmAyikakartA yadi itane samaya mauna dhAraNa kareM to citta ko antarmukha hone kA athavA to citta ko svAdhyAya meM kendrita karane kA adhika avakAza milatA hai| aura sAmAyika meM kisakA svAdhyAya karanA cAhie yaha pahale se nizcita ho to nirarthaka samaya nahIM bigar3atA / sAmAyikakartA kI ciMtanadhArA zuddha rahe aura usake mana kA svAdhyAya bhI zubha aura zuddha rahe yaha adhika mahattvapUrNa bAta hai| gRhasthoM ko subaha aura zAma donoM vakta sAmAyika karane kA Adeza diyA gayA hai / sAmAyika to hai do ghar3I kA sAdhutva / isalie jitane sAmAyika karane kI anukUlatA prApta ho utane adhika sAmAyika karane cAhie aura sAmAyika meM sAdhya kiyA gayA samatAbhAva vyakti khuda sAmAyika meM na ho usa samaya bhI cAlu rahe isalie prayatnazIla rahanA cAhie / isalie to kahA gayA hai : sAmAIya posaha saMThiassa jIvassa jAi jo kAlo / so saphalo bodhavvo seso saMsAraphalaheU / (sAmAyika aura pauSadha meM lIna jIva kA jo kAla vyatIta hotA hai use saphala maannaa| zeSa samaya saMsAravRddhi kA nimitta hai|) . prAcIna samaya meM tuMgIyA nagara ke zrAvaka sAmAyika karane meM atyanta udyamazIla rahate the aura apane jIvana ke varSa janmatithi ke anusAra nahIM ginate the parantu apane apane jitane sAmAyika kiye ho una sabakI sAmUhika ginatI se ginate the aura yadi koI unakI vaya pUche to usI ke anusAra kahate the /

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 191 sAmAyika meM Atma- - vizuddhi adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| sAvadyayoga ke paccakkhANa dvArA naye azubha karmoM ko Ane se pahale hI roka lenA Avazyaka hai| usake dvArA jo loga samatAbhAva sahita Atma-svarUpa kA dhyAna kara sakate haiM ve sAmAyika kA savizeSa phala pA sakate haiM / I Atma- - vizuddhi ke lie citta kI vizuddhi Avazyaka hai| gRhasthoM kA sAmAyika vidhipUrvaka do ghar3I kA hotA hai| gRhasthoM ke jIvana meM citta vikSubdha hone ke aneka prasaMga aura kAraNa hote haiM / isalie sAmAyika - kartA ko apane caMcala citta ko zAMta aura svastha karake hI sAmAyika karane baiThanA caahie| gRhasthoM kA sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai| isalie eka hI dina meM saba kucha acchA ho jAegA aisA kabhI nahIM hotA / pratidina ke abhyAsa se hI usameM uttarottara pragati hotI rahatI hai / taduparAMta mana kI zuddhi rahe aura bar3he isalie gRhasthoM ko kucha bAhya zuddhiyoM kA bhI pAlana karanA cAhie / sAmAyika karane ke lie jo sthAna meM gRhastha baiThatA hai vaha sthAna svaccha aura jaMturahita honA caahie| vaha anya logoM ke Ane-jAne meM vikSepakartA na honA cAhie aura zAMta, pramArjita honA caahie| isase svaccha, zAnta aura prasanna vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai / zakya ho to pUrva yA uttara dizA meM mukha rakhakara baiThanA cAhie / yadi anukUla ho to eka hI sthAna para baiThanA caahie| eka hI sthAna para, karIbana niyata samaya para sAmAyika meM baiThane se vahA~ pavitra vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai aura sAmAyika ke prAraMbha se hI vaha vAtAvaraNa mana ke zuddha bhAvoM kA poSaka banA rahatA haiN| sthAna ke uparAMta Asana-vastra, upakaraNa Adi kI zuddhi kA bhI rakSaNa honA caahie| mana kI zuddhi ke lie kAyA - zuddhi Avazyaka hai / ye saba bAhya zuddhiyA~ haiM lekina ve atyaMta upayogI haiN| gRhasthoM kA sAmAyika samaya kA vastra paridhAna bhI saMyamocita, suzobhana aura alaMkAra rahita honA cAhie aura zakya ho to sAdhu jaisA honA cAhie / I sAmAyika kA mahattva jainadharma meM sAmAyika kA vizeSa mahattva hai / AtmasAdhanA kI yaha eka sIr3hI hai aura dhyAna kA prathama caraNa hai| zuddha jIvana-sAdhana ke lie sAmAyika ko jIvana kA aGga banA lenA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isIlie sAmAyika ko zikSAvratoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA sAdhu - jIvana apanAne ke pUrva jina gyAraha sIr3hiyoM para car3hanA Avazyaka hai unameM bhI sAmAyika kA tIsarA sthAna hai / AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane aura usakI anupama vibhUti ke darzana karane kA sAmAyika eka camatkArika prayoga hai / yaha bAhya saMsAra ke azAnta vAtAvaraNa se dUra haTakara antarjagata ke surabhya nandana vana meM vihAra karane kA pravezadvAra hai| azAnti kI jvAlAoM meM jalate hue

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192 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi jIvoM ko zAnti pradAna karane kI yaha zItala mandAkinI hai| yaha moha-mahAroga ko nirmUla kara AdhyAtmika jIvana pradAna karane vAlI saMjIvanI hai| zrI haribhadrasUri ne 'aSTaka prakaraNa' meM sAmAyika ke nimnalikhita lakSaNa batAye haiM : samatA sarva bhUteSu, saMyamaH zubha bhAvanA / ___ Arta raudra parityAgastaddi sAmAyikaM vratam // 'saba jIvoM para samatA-samabhAva rakhanA, pA~ca indriyoM kA saMyama niyaMtraNa karanA, antahRdaya meM zubha bhAvanA zubha saMkalpa rakhanA, Arta-raudra duAnoM kA tyAga kara dharma-zukla dhyAna kA cintana karanA sAmAyika vrata hai / tattva darzana kI dRSTi se "sAmAyika' ke svarUpa meM jaina dharma kA uccatama darzana samAyA huA hai tathA sthUla kriyA-vidhi kI dRSTi se 'sAmAyika' jaina dharma kA eka uttama AdhyAtmika anuSThAna hai| samatva kI sAdhanA karane ke lie sAmAyika eka sarvottama sAdhana hai aura isI lie sAmAyika jIva ko mokSagati prApta karAne kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai| ___ tatva-darzana kI draSTi se sAmAyika' ke svarupa meM jaina dharma kA uccattama darzana samAyA huA hai tathA sthUla kriyA vidhi kI draSTi se 'sAmAyika' jaina dharma kA eka uttama AdhyAtmika anuSThAna hai| samatva kI sAdhanA karane ke liye sAmAyika eka sarvottama sAdhana hai aura isalIye sAmAyika jIva ko mokSa gati prApta karAne kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki 'sAmAyika te hi ja AtmA' sAmAyika hI AtmA samatva yA samatA kA vikAsa karane ke lie jaina dharma meM vividha sAdhanAe batAI gaI haiN| vividha prakAra ke tapa-tyAga, vidhi-vidhAna, niyamopaniyama, vrata-pratyAkhyAna, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kriyAe~ samatA kI ArAdhanA ke lie hI haiN| hamArI dainika kriyA-pratikramaNa sAmAyika Adi kA uddezya bhI samatA ko paripuSTa banAnA hai| ina kriyAoM dvArA yadi samabhAva-samatA kA vikAsa hotA hai to ve saphala kahI jAtI haiN| yadi inake karate rahane para bhI samatA na AI to ina kriyAoM kI saphalatA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / jaba vyakti krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko zamita karatA hai, jaba vaha saMsAra ke saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajhane lagatA hai to vaha svameva saba prakAra ke pApoM se, klezoM se, saMgharSoM se baca jAtA hai, vaha apane ApameM abhUtapUrva Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| vaha sarvathA nirAkula aura zAnta bana jAtA hai / vaha saba dvandvoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / yaha dvandva-mukti hI samatA kI zreSTha sAdhanA hai| isa taraha samatA-darzana vyakti ke jIvana ko du:kha-mukta banAtA hai, nirAkula banAtA hai aura

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 193 use parama zAnti pradAna karatA hai / samatA se usameM Ananda, ekatA, bhAIcArA, prema, jJAna, karma Adi prakAzita hote haiN| azAnti aura duHkha kA mUla kAraNa viSamatA hai aura isI kA pariNAma hai saMgharSa aura kalaha / yadi parivAra meM yogya-ayogya, bar3e-choTe, dhanI-garIba kA prazna AtA hai to pArivArika saMgharSa utpanna hote haiM aura parivAra meM kalaha chAyA rahatA hai| isI prakAra sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya saMgharSoM ke bhI kAraNa ina kSetroM meM rahI huI sabala-nirbala, U~ca-nIca, dhanI-nirdhana Adi kI viSamatA kI sthitiyA aura bhAvanAe~ haiN| ye to viSamatAjanya bAhya saMgharSa haiM jinheM hama jIvana meM dekhate haiM parantu inakA bhI kAraNa hai hRdaya kI viSamatA / yaha eka tathya hai ki pratyeka prakAra ke bAhya saMgharSa kI sRSTi sarva prathama hamAre hRdaya meM hotI hai / Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi saMgharSo kA bIja sarva prathama mAnava ke hRdaya meM aMkurita, pallavita aura phalita hotA hai / ata: yadi hRdaya kI viSamatA kA kisI prakAra nivAraNa kiyA jA sake to samasta saMgharSo kA anta hokara Ananda aura zAnti kI prApti ho sakatI hai| sAmAyika kI sAdhanA viSamatA kA nivAraNa karane aura samatA ko sthApita karane kA eka mAtra amogha upAya hai| isI se Atmika Ananda kI prApti saMbhava hai| jaba taka hRdaya meM rAgadveSa, IrSyA, krodha, ahaMkAra Adi kI viSamatA bhayaMkara jvAlAoM kI taraha jalatI rahegI, Atmika Ananda eka svapna hI banA rhegaa| ina krodhAdi jvAlAoM ko zAnta karane hetu sAmAyika kI sAdhanA ekamAtra saphala sAdhana hai| isI sAmAyika-sAdhanA se mumukSuoM ko mokSa ke lakSyakI prApti huI hai| zAstrakAroM ne sAmAyika kI mahimA batAte hue kahA hai : - "divase divase lakkha dei suvaNNassa khaMDiyaM ego / ego puNa sAmAiaM karei na pahupyae tassa // ' lAkha lAkha suvarNa muharoM kA pratidina dAna dene vAlA vyakti bhI eka zuddha sAmAyika karane vAle vyakti ke samAnAntara nahIM pahu~ca sakatA / zAstrakAroM ne anyatra kahA hai : "kiM tivveNa taveNaM, kiM ca javeNaM kiM cariteNaM / sAmAi viNa mukkho na huM huo kahavi na huhoii||" arthAt cAhe koI kitanA hI tapa tape, japa jape athavA muniveza dhAraNa kara sthUla kriyAkANDa rUpI caritra pAle parantu samatA bhAva rUpa sAmAyika ke binA na kisI kI mukti huI hai aura na hogii|

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. 194 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi isa taraha spaSTa hai ki sAmAyika manuSya ke pUrNa vikAsa ke lie eka sarvocca sAdhana hai| samatA jaise mahat tattva ko prApta kara, anekAnta zailI dvArA prarUpita svasattA rUpa AtmAvalokana ke bala se hI jainAgamoM dvArA kathita 14 guNasthAna rUpa sopAnoM ko pAra karane kA tathA usase prApta siddha-buddha avasthA taka pahu~cane kA rahasya samajhA jA sakatA hai| tabhI samatA-zikhara kA prayANa sambhava haiN| sAmAyika meM mana tathA AyA ke doSa : gRhastha vidhipUrvaka, cetanApUrvaka sAmAyika karane baiThe phira bhI kabhI-kabhI jAne-anajAne mana, vacana aura kAyA ke kucha doSa ho jAne kA pUrA saMbhava hai| zAstrakAroM ne mana ke dasa doSa, vacana ke dasa doSa aura kAyA ke bAraha doSa milAkara battIsa prakAra ke doSa batalAye haiM / ' unheM jAnane se aise doSoM se rakSaNa ho sakatA hai| nimna gAthA meM mana ke doSa batAye hai : aviveka jaso kittI lAbhattho gavva bhaya niyaanntyo| saMsaya rosa aviNau abahumANa dosA bhANiyavvA // (1) aviveka (2) yazovAMchA (3) lAbha vAMchA (4) garva (5) bhaya (6) nidAna (niyAj) (7) saMzaya (8) roSa (9) avinaya aura (10) abahumAna | ye dasa mana ke doSa mAne jAte haiN| (1) aviveka : sAmAyika ke prayojana aura svarUpa ke jJAna se vaMcita raha kara sAmAyika karanA / (2) yazovAMchA : svayaM ko yaza mile, apanI vAha vAha ho aise prayojana se sAmAyika krnaa| (3) lAbha : sAmAyika karU~gA to dhana lAbha hogA, anya bhautika lAbha bhI hoMge isa bhAva se sAmAyika krnaa| (4) garva : meM jaisA sAmAyika karatA hU~ vaisA koI kara nahIM pAyegA aisA garva rakhanA (5) bhaya : yadi maiM sAmAyika nahIM karU~gA to loga merI AlocanA kreNge| isalie aisI cintA yA aise bhaya ke sAtha sAmAyika karanA / (6) nidAna : nidAna kA artha hai / niyAj / dhana, strI, puruSa, vyApAra meM khAsa lAbha prApta karane ke vizeSa prayojanapUrvaka saMkalpa ke sAtha sAmAyika karanA /

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 195 (7) saMzaya: sAmAyika karane se koI lAbha hotA hai yA nahIM isakI kisako khabara, aisA saMzaya lagAtAra mana meM rakhanA / (8) roSa doSa: roSa arthAta krodhapUrvaka sAmAyika karane baitthnaa| krodha ke atirikta anya kaSAya sahita sAmAyika karanA / (9) avinaya doSa : vinayabhAva rahita sAmAyika karanA / (10) abahumAna doSa : sAmAyika ke prati bahumAna honA caahie| aise bahumAna rahita aura utsAha Ananda rahita, premAdarabhAva rahita, bhakti bhAva rahita sAmAyika karanA / sAmAyika meM vacana ke dasa doSa batAye haiM : kuvayaNa sahasAkAre, sachaMda saMkheva kalahaM ca / vigahA vihAso ' suddaM nikhekkho muNamuNA dosA dasa || (1) kuvacana : sAmAyika meM kuvacana, asabhya vacana, tucchakAra yukta zabda, apamAnajanaka zabda, bIbhatsa zabda Adi bolanA / (2) sahasAkAra : yakAyaka, asAvadhAnI se, binA soce, mana meM jaise Aye vaise vacana bolanA / (3) svacchaMda : zAstra - siddhAnta ke viruddha, sAmAyika gaurava ke anAdara yukta, asatyamaya, manasvI, nimnastara ke svacchaMdI vacana bolanA / (4) saMkSepa : sUtrapATha Adi kA uccAraNa saMpUrNatayA na kara usakA saMkSepa karanA, akSara evaM zabda saMkSipta rUpa se bolanA / (9) kalaha : dUsare ke mana ko duHkha pahu~ce, TaMTe-phisAda ke nimitta bane aise zabda sAmAyika meM bolanA athavA to aise zabda jAna-bUjha kara bolanA jisase kalaha paidA ho, kleza paidA ho aura pArasparika baira bhAva paidA ho| citta (6) vikathA : citta kA viSayAMtara ho athavA to azubha bhAva yA azubha dhyAna kI aura pravRtta ho aisI bAtoM ko vikathA kahate haiM / mukhyataH cAra prakAra kI vikathA hotI haiM : strI kathA, bhaktakathA, rAjakathA aura kathA | (7) hAsya : sAmAyika meM kisI kI bhI majAka masakharI karanA, kaTAkSa vacana bolanA, dUsaroM ko ha~sane ke lie vacana bolanA, anyoM ke vacanoM kA anukaraNa karanA, jAna-bUjha kara Aroha avaroha meM AvAja karanI aura sAmAyika kA gaurava bhaMga karanA / (8) azuddha : jaina dharma meM uccAraNa- zuddhi para adhika bhAra diyA jAtA hai| 'A' 'o'

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi ke uccAra adhika-kama karane se aura svara-vyaMjana ke azuddha uccAra karane se adhika anartha hote haiN| (9) nirapekSa : sUtra-siddhAnta kI upekSA karanA, asatya vacana bolanA athavA binA samajhe ulTI-pulTI bAteM prastuta karanA / (10) muNa-muNa : muNamuNa kA artha hai gunagunAnA-sUtra Adi ke pATha karate samaya zabdoM ke spaSTa uccAraNa na karanA aura tvarA se nAka meM se Adhe akSaroM kA uccAraNa kara jaise taise pAThoccAraNa karanA / (anyoM ko AvAgamana kI sUcanA denA ise muNamuNa ke vikalpa meM dasavA~ doSa mAnA gayA hai| sAmAyika meM kAyA ke nimnalikhita bAraha doSa batAye haiM : kuAsaNaM calAsaNaM calAdiTThI sAMvaja kiriyA'' laMbaNa kuMcaNa pasAraNa / Alasa moDana mala vimAsaNaM nidrA veyAvaccati bArasa kAya dosA // (1) kuAsana (parthastikA) : sAmAyika meM paira para paira car3hAkara ayogya rUpa se abhimAnapUrvaka, avinayapUrvaka baiThanA / - (2) calAsana (asthirAsana) : sAmAyika meM asthira aura jhUlate Asana para baiThanA / athavA baiThane kI jagaha punaH punaH badalanA / (3) cala dRSTi : dRSTi sthira na rakhakara caMcala rakhanA / sAmAyika meM idhara-udhara bhinnabhinna dizAoM meM dekhate rhnaa|| (4) sAvadhakriyA : sAmAyika meM baiThane ke bAda pAparUpa, doSarUpa kArya karanA athavA gRhastha gRhakArya kare yA dUsaroM ke pAsa karAye / (5) AlaMbana : bhIta yA anya cIjoM kA avalaMbana lekara baiThanA / yaha Alastha, pramAda aura avinaya kA sUcana hai| (6) AkuMcana prasAraNa : niSprayojana hAtha-paira laMbe karane aura vApasa lene / (7) Alasa : Alasya maror3anA / ... (8) moTana (moDana) : sAmAyika meM baiThe-baiThe hAtha aura pairoM kI aMguliyA~ dabAkara AvAja krnaa|

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 197 (9) mala : zarIra ko khaura khuMjakara maila nikAlanA / (10) vimAsaNa : gAla para hAtha rakhakara ciMtA meM baiTha rahanA / (11) nidrA : sAmAyika meM nIMda ke jhaTake khAnA yA so jAnA / (12) vaiyAvacca : sAmAyika meM dUsare ke pAsa sara yA paira dabavAnA, mAliza karavAnA ityAdi sevA dUsaroM ke pAsa lenA / kaI loga vaiyAvacca ke vikalpa meM vastra saMkocana ko bhI doSa mAnate haiN| yaha doSa isa prakAra hai| sardI aura garmI ke kAraNa yA niSprayojana vastroM ko barAbara karanA / kaI AcAryoM ne vaiyAvacca ke vikalpa meM kaMpana' doSa batAyA hai| zarIra kA~pane lage yaha kaMpana doSa hai| (sAmAyika meM kAyA ke ina bAraha prakAra ke doSoM ke lie nimnalikhita gAthA bhI hai|) pallaThi athirAsana, dizi paDivati kaja arbu bhe aMgovaMgamohaNaM Alasa karaDaka mlkNddu| vimAsaNA taha uMghaNAr3a iva duvAlasa dosa vajiyassa kAya samai vizuddhaM agavihaM tassaM sAmAiyaM / aticAra pAkSikAdi parva ke dina pratikramaNa meM vaMdIttu-sUtra meM tathA bar3e aticAra meM sAmAyika ke lie nimnalikhita pATha diyA gayA hai| usameM sAmAyika ke aticAra spaSTa rUpa se darzAye gaye vaMdIttu-sUtra meM sAmAyika vrata ke aticAra ke lie nimnalikhita gAthA dI gaI hai : tivihe duppaNihANe aNa va taNe tahA sai vihUNe sAmAiya vitahakae, paDhame sikkhAvahe nide| tIna prakAra ke duSpraNidhAna kA (mana, vacana aura kAyA ke) sevana karanA tathA avinayapUrvaka sAmAyika karanA aura smRtibhraMza se sAmAyika vrata bhUla jAnA aura isa prakAra jhUThI rIta se sAmAyika karane se prathama zikSAvrata saMbaMdhI aticAra kI maiM niMdA karatA huuN| prathama zikSAvrata sAmAyika ke pA~ca aticAra batAye haiN| aticAra arthAt virAdhanA / aticAra arthAt deza-bhaMga arthAt vrata kA AMzika bhaMga /

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198 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi aticAra se saMpUrNa vrata bhaMga nahIM hotA parantu vrata meM azuddhi kA praveza ho jAtA hai / anAcAra se saMpUrNatayA vrata-bhaMga hotA hai| sAmAyika ke nimna prakAra ke pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM : (1) mano-duHpraNidhAna (2) vacana-duHpraNidhAna (3) kAya-duHpraNidhAna (4) anAdara (5) smRtyanusthApana / (1) mano-duHpraNidhAna : duHpraNidhAna kA artha hai citta kI ekAgratA kA saMpUrNa saMrakSaNa na hone se citta meM sAvadyayoga yA pApa karmoM kA praveza / mana kI ekAgratA kA saMrakSaNa na hone se pramAda hotA hai aura usake kAraNa pApa-karma hote haiN| (2) vacana-du:praNidhAna : sAmAyika ke samaya pramAdajanaka vacana bolane se niSpanna hote pApakarma / .. (3) kAya-duHpraNidhAna : sAmAyika ke samaya kAyA dvArA niSpanna pApakarma / (4) anAdara : pramAda Adi ke kAraNa sAmAyika ke prati AdarabhAva kA abhAva / isase sAmAyika asta-vyasta rUpa se hotA hai| vaha yathocita DhaMga se na kiyA jAya / ucita rUpa se na liyA jaaye| ucita rUpa se na kiyA jAya / ucita samaya ke pahale hI alaga kiyA jaay| (5) smRtyarnusthApana : isakA artha hai smRtidoSa nirmita pApakarma / sAmAyika ke samaya sAmAyika karma kA smRtibhraMza athavA sAmAyika kiyA hai yA nahIM usakA vismaraNa / sAmAyika alaga-alaga karane kA samaya huA hai yA nahIM usakA bhI vismaraNa / aise prakAra ke smRtidoSa se niSpanna pApakarma / . pAkSika Adi pratikramaNa meM uccAre jAte bar3e aticAroM meM sAmAyika ke nimna prakAra ke aticAra bole jAte haiN| navameM sAmAyika vrate pA~ca aticAra tivihe duppaNihANeNa / sAmAyika ke kAraNa mana ne aciMtana kiyA, sAvadya vacana bole, zarIra ko binA kAraNa hilAyA, ke samaya sAmAyika na liyA, sAmAyika lekara khule mukha bole, nIMda AI, vAta, vikathA, ghara kI ciMtA kI, bIja, dIvA, kA tyAga kiyA, kaNa, kapAsa, miTTI, namaka, khaDI dhAvaDI (vRkSa), araNeho pASANa pramukha, jala, nIla, puSpa, sveda, hariNakAyA, bIMcakAya ityAdi ko aspRzya kiyA, tiryaMca kA niraMtara paraMpara saMghaTTa huA, mu~hapattiyA~ choDa dIM, apUrNa

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 199 sAmAyika ko alaga kiyA, alaga karanA bhUla gaye / naveM sAmAyika vrata meM koI dUsarA aticAra pakSa yA dina meM, sUkSma aura sthUla rUpa meM, jAne-anajAne huA ho to ve sabake lie mana, vacana aura kAyA se kSamA cAhatA huuN| vrata meM aticAra praveza na ho isalie athavA pravezita aticAra kA nivAraNa ke lie samyaktvAdi kA anuSThAna Avazyaka hai| aise anuSThAna se jIva meM eka prakAra kI sabala zakti kA praveza hotA hai aura kriyAe~ praNidhAna pUrvaka hotI haiN| aticAra ke sparza se vrata-bhaMga ho isake bajAya vrata hI nahIM karanA aisA dAvA ucita nahIM kyoki aticAra se vratabhaMga nahIM hotaa| taduparAMta avidhipUrvaka vrata karane vAle kI apekSA vrata na karane vAle ko adhika doSa lagatA hai| taduparAMta sAmAyika ko zikSAvrata mAnA gayA hai| usakA matalaba yahI ki usameM mana, vacana aura kAyA ko vaza karane ke lie abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ajJAna pramAda, pUrvakarma kA udaya, jarA, vyAdhi , azakti Adi ke kAraNa yadi doSasparza hotA hai to aise aticAra se vratabhaMga nahIM hotaa| lekina jAnabUjhakara, hetupUrvaka anAdara yA viDaMbanA karane ke bhAva yA hetu se aticAra kA sevana koI kare to usase avazya vrata bhaMga hotA hai| vaidika sandhyA aura sAmAyika pratyeka dharma ke AcAra-vyavahAra meM pratidina kucha-na-kucha pUjA-pATha, japa-tapa, prabhunAma-smaraNa Adi dhArmika kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiN| mAnavajIvana sambandhI pratidina kI AdhyAtmika bhUkha kI zAnti ke lie, evaM mana kI prasannatA ke hetu pratyeka pantha yA mata ne koI-na-koI yojanA, manuSya ke sAmane avazya rakhI hai| vaidika dharma meM bhI sandhyA nAma se eka dhArmika anuSThA kA vidhAna hai, jo prAta: aura sAyaMkAla donoM samaya kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika TIkAkAroM ne sandhyA kA artha isa prakAra kiyA haiM-sa-uttama prakAra se dhyai-dhyAna karanA / arthAt apane iSTadeva kA pUrNa bhakti aura zraddhA ke sAtha dhyAna karanA, cintana karanA / sandhyA zabda kA dUsarA artha hai milana, saMyoga, sambandha / ukta dUsare artha kA tAtparya hai upAsanA ke samaya paramezvara ke sAtha upAsaka kA saMbandha yAnI milnaa| sandhyA kA eka tIsarA artha bhI hai, vaha yaha ki prAta:kAla aura sAyaMkAla donoM sandhyAkAla haiM / rAtri aura dina kI sandhi prAta:kAla hai, aura dina evaM rAtri kI sandhi sAyaMkAla hai| ata: sandhyA meM kiyA jAnevAlA karma bhI 'sandhyA' zabda se vyavahata hotA hai| vaidika dharma kI isa samaya do zAkhAe~ sarvataH prasiddha haiM : sanAtana dharma aura Arya smaaj|

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200 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sanAtanI purAnI mAnyatAoM ke pakSapAtI haiM, jabaki AryasamAjI navIna dhArA ke anuyaayii| vedoM kA pramANya donoM ko hI samAna rUpa se mAnya hai, ata: donoM hI vaidika zAkhAe~ hai / sarvaprathama sanAtana dharma kI sandhyA kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| saMndhyA : svarUpa aura vidhi sanAtana dharma kI sandhyA kevala prArthanAoM evaM stutiyoM se bharI huI hai| viSNu-maMtra ke dvArA zarIra para jala chir3aka kara zarIra ko pavitra banAyA jAtA hai, pRthvI mAtA kI stuti ke maMtra se jala chir3aka kara Asana ko pavitra kiyA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt sRSTi ke utpatti-krama para ciMtana hotA hai| phira prANAyAma kA cakra calatA hai| ani, vAyu, Aditya, bRhaspati, varuNa, indra aura vizva devatAoM kI bar3I mahimA gAI jAtI hai| sapta vyAhRti inhIM devo ke lie hotI haiM / jala kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vaidika RSi bar3I hI bhAvukatA ke sAtha jala kI stuti karatA hai 'he jala ! Apa jIvamAtra ke madhya meM se vicarate ho / isa brahmAnDarUpI guphA meM saba ora ApakI gati hai / tumhI yajJa ho, vaSaTkAra ho, apa ho, jyoti ho, rasa ho, aura amRta bhI tumhIM ho OM antazcarasi bhUteSu, guhAyAM vizvatomukhaH / tvaM yajJastvaM vaSaTkAra, Apo jyotIraso'mRtam // sUrya ko tIna bAra jala kA arghya diyA jAtA hai, jisakA Azaya hai ki prathama arghya se rAkSasoM kI savArI kA, dUsare se rAkSasoM ke zastroM kA, aura tIsare se rAkSasoM kA nAza hotA hai| isa ke bAda gAyatrI maMtra par3hA jAtA hai, jisameM savitA sUrya devatA se apanI buddhi kI prasphUrti ke lie prArthanA hai| adhika kyA, isI prakAra stutiyoM, prArthanAoM evaM jala chir3akane Adi kI eka laMbI paraMparA hai, jo kevala jIvana ke bAhyAcAra se hI sambandha rakhatI hai| antarjagata kI bhAvanAoM ko sparza karane kA aura pApa-mala se AtmA ko pavitra banAne kA koI saMkalpa va upakrama nahIM dekhA jaataa| hA~, eka maMtra avazya aisA hai, jisameM isa aura kucha thor3A bahuta lakSya diyA gayA hai / vaha yaha hai -- "om sUryazca mA manyuzca manyupatayazca manyukRtebhya: pApebhyo rakSantAm / yad anhA yad rAtryA pApamakArSa manasA vAcA hastAbhyAM padbhyAmudareNa ziznA rAtristadavalumpatu, yat kiJcid duritaM mayi idamahamApo'mRtayonI sUrye jyotiSi juhomi svaahaa|'

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 201 sUrya nArAyaNa, yakSapati aura devatAoM se merI prArthanA hai ki yajJa viSayaka tathA krodha se kiye hue pApoM se merI rakSA kreN| dina yA rAtri meM mana, vANI, hAtha, paira, udara aura zizna se jo pApa hue hoM, una pApoM ko maiM amRtayoni sUrya meM homa karatA huuN| isalie vaha una pApoM ko naSTa kre| prArthanA karanA burA nahIM hai| apane iSTadeva ke caraNoM meM apane Apa ko samarpaNa karanA aura apane aparAdhoM ke prati kSamAyAcanA karanA, mAnavahRdaya kI zraddhA aura bhAvukatA se bharI huI kalpanA hai| parantu, saba kucha devatAoM para hI chor3a vaiThanA, apane Upara kucha bhI uttaradAyitva na rakhanA, apane jIvana ke abhyudaya evaM nizreyas ke lie khuda kucha na karake dina-rAta devatAoM ke Age nata-mastaka hokara gir3agir3Ate hI rahanA, utthAna kA mArga nahIM hai| isa prakAra mAnavahRdaya durbala, sAhasahIna evaM kartavya ke prati parAMDramukha ho jAtA hai| apanI aura se jo doSa, pApa athavA durAcAra Adi hue hoM, una ke lie kevala kSamA-prArthanA kara lenA aura daMDa se bace rahane ke lie gir3agir3A lenA, mAnava jAti ke lie bar3I hI ghAtaka vicAradhArA hai| siddhAnta kI bAta to yaha haiM ki sarvaprathama manuSya koI aparAdha hI na kre| aura, yadi kabhI kucha aparAdha ho jAya, to usake pariNAma ko bhogane ke lie saharSa prastuta rhe| yaha kyA bAta hai ki bar3ha bar3ha kara pApa karanA aura daMDa bhogane ke samaya devatAoM se kSamA kI prArthanA karanA, daMDa se baca kara bhAga jAnA / yaha bhIrutA hai, vIratA nhiiN| aura, bhIrutA kabhI bhI dharma nahIM ho sktii| prArthanA kA uddezya pApa se palAyana karanA nahIM, kintu atIta ke pApa kA prakSAlana karanA aura bhaviSya meM usakA parivarjana karanA hai| kSamA-prArthanA ke sAtha-sAtha yadi apane jIvana ko ahiMsA, satya Adi kI madhura bhAvanAoM se bhareM, hRdaya meM AdhyAtmika bala kA saMcAra kareM, to vaha prArthanA va upAsanA vastuta: sahI ho sakatI hai| jaina dharma kI sAmAyika meM kisI lambI caur3I prArthanA ke binA hI, jIvana ko svayaM apane hAthoM pavitra banAne kA sundara vidhAna Apake samakSa hai| Arya samAjI prArthanA ___ aba rahA AryasamAja / usakI sandhyA bhI prAyaH sanAtana dharma ke anusAra hI hai| vahI jala kI sAkSI, vahI adharmaSaNa meM sRSTi kA utpatti krama, vahI prANAyAma, vahI stuti, vahI prArthanA / hA~, itanA antara avazya ho gayA hai ki yahA~ purAne vaidika devatAoM ke sthAna meM sarvatra Izvara paramAtmA virAjamAna ho gayA hai| eka vizeSatA mArjana mantroM kI hai| kintu mantra par3hakara sira, netra, kaNTha, hRdaya, nAbhi, paira Adi ko pavitra karane meM kyA gupta rahasya hai; karane vAle

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202 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hI batA sakate haiM / indriyo kI zuddhi to sadAcAra ke grahaNa aura durAcAra ke tyAga meM hai, jisake lie isa saMdhyA meM bhI koI khAsa saMkalpa evaM pravRtti dRSTi gocara nahIM hotI / T manasA parikramA kA prakaraNa sandhyA meM kyoM rakkhA hai ? yaha bahuta kucha vicAra karane ke bAda bhI samajha meM nahIM AtA / manasA parikramA meM eka maMtra hai, jisakA AkhirI bhAga hai'yosmAn dvaiSTi yaM vayaM dviSmastaM vo jambhe dadhmaH ' // ' isakA artha haiM, jo hama se dveSa karatA hai athavA jisase hama dveSa karate haiM; usako hai prabhu ! hama tumhAre jabar3e meM rakhate haiM / - sabhI jAnate haiM, jabar3e meM rakhane kA kyA phala hotA hai ? naash| yaha maMtra chaH bAra prAtaH aura chaH bAra sAyaMkAla kI saMndhyA meM par3hA jAtA hai / vicAra karane kI bAta hai ki yaha sandhyA hai yA vahI duniyAvI tU tU maiM maiM / sandhyA meM baiThakara bhI vahI dveSa vahI ghRNA, vahI napharata, vahI naSTa karane - karAne kI bhAvanA ! phira sAMsArika kriyAoM aura dhArmika kriyAoM meM antara hI kyA rahA ? mArA-mArI ke lie to saMsAra kI jhaMjhaTeM hI bahuta hai / sandhyA meM to hameM udAra, sahiSNu, dayAlu, snehI manovRtti kA dhanI bananA cAhie tabhI hama paramAtmA se sandhi evaM mela sAdha sakate haiM / isa kUDe karkaTa ko lekara to paramAtmA se sandhi-mela to dUra, usa ko mukha dikhalAne ke lAyaka bhI hama nahIM raha skte| kyA hI acchA hotA, yadi isa mantra meM aparAdhI ke aparAdha ko kSamA karane kI, vaira-virodha ke sthAna meM prANimAtra ke prati prema aura sneha kI prArthanA kI hotI / uparyukta Azaya kA hI eka maMtra yajurveda kA hai, jo sandhyA meM to nahIM par3hA jAtA; paraMtu anya prArthanAoM ke kSetra meM vaha bhI vizeSa sthAna pAye hue haiN| vaha maMtra bhI zatruoM se saMtrasta kisI vikSubdha, hRdaya kI vANI hai / " yo'smabhyamarAtIyAdyazca no dviSate jana: / nindyAd yo'asmAn dhipsAcya sarva bhasmasA kuru artha veda kAM. 3 sU. 27 maM. 16 sAtavalekara dvArA sampAdita vi. saM. 1999 meM mudrita saMskaraNa / yajurveda 11/80, sAtavalekara dvArA saMpAdita vi.saM. 1998 meM mudrita saMskaraNa / 11"3

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 203 jo hamase zatrutA karate haiM, jo hamase dveSa rakhate haiM, jo hamArI nindA karate haiM, jo hameM dhokhA dete haiM; he bhagavan ! he Izvara ! tuma una saba duSToM ko bhasma kara ddaalo| yaha saba uddharaNa likhane kA abhiprAya kisI viparIta bhAvanA ko lie hue nahIM hai| aura maiM yaha bhI nahIM mAnatI ki vedoM meM isI prakAra kI dveSamUlaka bhAvanAe~ bharI haiN| Rgveda Adi meM jIvana kI udAtta madhura evaM nirmala bhAvanAoM kA pravAha hai| acchA hotA prArthanA meM una udAtta bhAvanAoM ko sthAna diyA jaataa| yahA~ para to kevala prasaMgavaza, sAmAyika ke sAtha tulanA karane ke lie hI isa aura lakSya diyA hai| vaidika dharma kI donoM hI zAkhAoM kI sandhyA kA varNana Upara kiyA gayA hai| aura idhara sAmAyika apane samakSa hai hii| ata: tulanA kara sakate haiM, kisameM kyA vizeSatA hai ? sAmAyika meM hRdaya kI pavitratA sAmAyika ke pAThoM meM prArambha se hI hRdaya kI komala evaM pavitra bhAvanAoM ko jAgRta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| choTe se choTe aura bar3e se bar3e kisI bhI prANI ko yadi kabhI jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se kisI taraha kI pIr3A pahu~cI ho, to usake lie iryApathika AlocanAsUtra meM pazcAttApapUrvaka 'micchA mi dukkaDaM diyA jAtA hai| tadanantara ahiMsA aura dayA ke mahAn pratinidhi tIrthaMkara devoM kI stuti kI gaI hai, aura usameM AdhyAtmika zAnti, samyagjJAna, aura samyak samAdhi ke lie maMgala kAmanA kI hai| pazcAt 'karemi bhaMte' ke pATha meM mana se, vacana se aura zarIra se pApa-karma karane kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| sAmya bhAva ke Adarza ko pratidina jIvana meM utArane ke lie sAmAyika eka mahatI adhyAtmika prayoga-zAlA hai / sAmAyika meM Arta aura raudra dhyAna se arthAt zoka aura dveSa ke saMkalpoM se apane Apako sarvathA alaga rakhA jAtA hai aura hRdaya ke kaNa-kaNa meM maitrI, karuNA Adi udAtta bhAvanAoM ke AdhyAtmika amRtarasa kA saMcAra kiyA jAtA hai| Apa dekheMge, sAmAyika kI sAdhanA karanevAle ke cAroM ora vizvaprema kA sAgara kisa prakAra ThATha mAratA hai| yahA~ dveSa, ghRNA Adi durbhAvanAoM kA eka bhI aisA zabda nahIM hai, jo jIvana ko jarA bhI kAlimA kA dAga lagA ske| pakSapAta rahita hRdaya se vicAra karane para hI sAmAyika kI mahattA kA dhyAna A skegaa| jaina, bauddha, vaidika sandhyA tathA pArasI dharma-sampradAya meM pracalita Avazyaka kriyA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bauddha loga apane mAnya 'tripiTaka' granthoM meM se kucha sUtroM ko le kara una kA nitya pATha 1. darzana aura ciMtana, paM. sukhalAlajI

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204 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi karate haiN| eka taraha se vaha una kA avazya karttavya hai / usa meM se kucha vAkya aura una se milatejulate 'pratikramaNa' ke vAkya nIce diye jAte haiM / bauddha : (1) " namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammAsaMbuddhassa / " "buddhaM saraNaM gacchAmi / dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi / saMghaM saraNaM gacchAmi / " (laghupATha, saraNattaya / ) (2) "pANAtipAtA veramaNi sikhkhApadaM samAdiyAmi | adinnAdAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / kAmesu micchAcArA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / musAvAdA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / surAmerayamajjapamAdaThThAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / " (laghupATha, paMcasIla / ) (3) " asevanA ca bAlAnaM, paNDitAnaM ca sevanA / pUjA ca pUjanIyAnaM, etaM maMgalamuttamaM // " "mAtApitu upaThAnaM, puttadArassa saMgaho / anAkulA ca kammantA, etaM maMgalamuttamaM // dAnaM ca dhammacariyA ca AtakAnaM ca saMgaho / anavajAni kammAni etaM maMgalamuttamaM // Arati virati pApA, majjapAnA ca saMyamo / . appamAdo ca dhammesu, etaM maMgalamuttamaM // " " khanti ca zoSacassatA, samaNArna ca dassanaM / kAlena dhammasAkacchA, etaM maMgalamuttamaM // " (4) "sukhino vA khemino hontu savve sattA bhavantu sukhitattA // " " mAtA yathA niyaM puttaM AyusA eka puttamanurakkhe / evaMpi sabbabhUtesu mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimANaM / / mettaM ca sabbalokasmin mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimANaM / UddhaM adho ca tiriyaM ca asaMbAdhaM averaM asapattaM // ' ( laghupATha, maMgalasutta / ) ( laghupATha, mettasuta ( 1 ) 1)

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205 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika jaina : (1) "namo arihaMtANaM, namo siddhaannN|" "cattAri saraNaM pavajjAmi, arihante saraNaM pavajAmi, siddhe saraNaM pavajAmi, sAhUsaraNaM pavajAmi, kevalIpaNNattaM dhammaM saraNaM pavajAmi // " (2) "thUlagapANAivAyaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAi, thUlagamusAvAyaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAi, thUlagaadattAdANaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAi, paradAragamaNaM samaNovAsaMo paccakkhAi, sadArasaMtosaM vA pddivji|" ityAdi / (Avazyaka-sUtra, pR. 818-823 / ) (3) "logaviruddhaccAo, gurujaNapUAparatthakaraNaM ca / suhagurujogo tavvaya,-NasevaNA AbhavamakhaMDA // " "dukkhakhao kammakhao, samAhimaraNaM ca vohilAbho A" saMpajau maha egaM, tuha nAha paNAmakaraNeNaM // " (jaya viiyraay|) "mittI me savvabhUesu, ve majjha na keNaI // " "zivamastu sarvajagataH, parahitaniratA bhavantu bhUtagaNAH doSAH payAntu nAzaM, sarvatra sukhI bhavatu lokaH // " . vaidika vAkyA ke kucha mantra va vAkya : (1) "mamopAntaduritakSayAya zrIparamezvaraprItaye prAta:sandhyopAsanamahaM krissye|" (saMkalpa vAkyaM / ) (2) "OM sUryazca mA manyuzca manyupatayazca manyukRtebhya: pApebhyo rakSantAm / yad rAtryA pApamakArSa manasA vAcA hastAbhyAM padbhyAmudareNa ziznA rAtristadavalumpatu yatha kiMcid duritaM mayIdamahamamRtayonau sUrye jyotiSi juhomi svAhA / " (kRSNa yajurveda / ) (3) "OM tat saviturvareNyaM bhargo devasya dhImahI dhiyo yonaH pracodayAt / " (gAyatrI / ) jaina : (1) "pAyacchitta visohaNatthaM karemi kAussaggaM / " (2) "jaM jaM maNeNa baddhaM, jaM jaM vAraNa bhAsiyaM pAvaM / ____ jaM jaM kAraNa kayaM, micchAmi dukkaDaM tassa // " qan Education International

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206 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi (3) "candesu nimmalayarA, ahiyaM payAsayarA / sAgaravaragambhIrA, siddhA siddhiM mama disantu // " pArasI loga nityaprArthanA tathA nityapATha meM apanI asalI dhArmika kitAba 'avastA' kA jo-jo bhAga kAma meM lAte haiM, vaha khoradeha avastA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| usa kA majamUna aneka aMzoM meM jaina, bauddha tathA vaidika saMpradAya meM pracalita sandhyA ke samAna hai| udAharaNa ke taura para usa kA thor3AsA aMza hindI bhASA meM nIce diyA jAtA hai| ___ avastA ke mUla vAkya isa lie uddhRta nahIM kiye haiM ki usa ke khAsa akSara aise haiM, jo devanAgarI lipi meM nahIM hai| (1) "duzmana para jIta ho|" (khoradeha avastA, pR. 7) (2) "maiMne mana se jo bure vicAra kiye, z2abAna se jo tuccha bhASaNa kiyA aura zarIra se jo halakA kAma kiyA ityAdi prakAra ke jo-jo gunAha kiye, una saba ke lie maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN|" (kho. a., pR. 7 / ) (3) "vartamAna aura bhAvI saba dharmoM meM saba se bar3A, saba se acchA aura sarvazreSTha dharma 'jarathoztI' hai / maiM yaha bAta mAna letA hU~ ki 'jarathoztI' dharma hI saba kucha pAne kA kAraNa hai|" (kho. a., pR. 9 / ) (4) "abhimAna, garva mare hue logoM kI nindA karanA, lobha, lAlaca, behada gussA, kisI kI bar3hatI dekha kara jalanA, kisI para burI nigAha karanA, svacchandatA, Alasya, kAnApha~sI, pavitratA kA bhaGga, jhUThI gavAhI, corI, lUTa-khasoTa, vyabhicAra, behada zoka karanA, ityAdi jo gunAha mujha se jAnate-anajAnate ho gaye hoM aura jo gunAha sApha dila se maiM ne prakaTa na kiye hoM, una saba se maiM pavitra ho kara alaga hotA huuN|" (kho. a., pR. 23-24) (1) "zatrava parAGamukhAH bhavantu svAhA / " (bRhat zAnti / ) (2) "kAraNa kAiyassa, paDikkame vAiyassa vAyAe / maNasA mANasiyassa, savvassa vayAiyArassa // ' (vaMdittu / ) (3) "sarvamaMgala mAMgalyaM, sarvakalyANakAraNam / pradhAnaM sarvadharmANAM, jainaM jayati zAsanam // "

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207 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika (4) "aThAraha pApasthAna / " pratikramaNa pratikramaNa kA matalaba pIche lauTanA hai eka sthiti meM jAkara phira mUla sthiti ko prAta karanA pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa zabda kI isa sAmAnya vyAkhyA ke anusAra Upara batalAI huI vyAkhyA ke viruddha arthAt azubha yoga se haTa kara zubha yoga ko prApta karane ke bAda phira se azubha yoga ko prApta karanA yaha bhI pratikramaNa kahA jA sakatA hai| pratikramaNa meM do zabda haiM prati' aura 'kramaNa' / zabda zAstra kI dRSTi se isakA artha hotA hai vApasa lauTanA; athavA ulTe lauTanA / kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI hai "pratIpaM kramaNam pratikramaNam, ayamarthaH zubhayogebhyo'zubhayogAntaraM krAntasya zubheSveSa kramaNAt pratIpaM kramaNam / " isI artha kA samarthana bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kiyA gayA hai "svakRtAvazubhayogadapratinivRttiH pratikramaNam" apane dvArA kiye gaye azubhayoga se parAvarta honA-lauTanA arthAt-merA aparAdha duSkRta mithyA ho, aisA kahakara pazcAttApa karanA pratikramaNa hai| gommaTasAra meM pratikramaNa kA sundara nirvacana ina zabdoM meM kiyA gayA hai ___ "pratikramyate pramAdakRta daivasikAdidoSo nirAkriyate aneneti pratikramaNam" pramAdavaza daivasika, rAtrika Adi meM lage hue doSoM kA jisake dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use pratikramaNa kahate haiM / Avazyaka sUtra meM tIna zlokoM meM pratikramaNa kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai pramAdavaza zubhayoga (svasthAna) se haTakara azubhayoga (parasthAna) meM jAne ke bAda phira se zubhayoga meM (vahIM) lauTa AnA pratikramaNa hai|' azubha yoga se nivRtta hokara niHzalyabhAva 1. svasthAnAtparasthAnaM pramAdasyavazaMgataH tatreva kramaNaM bhUyaH pratikramaNamucyate / /

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208 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi se uttarottara pratyeka zabhayoga meM pravRtta honA hI pratikramaNa hai / ' rAga-dveSAdi audayikabhAva saMsAramArga hai, tathA samatA, kSamA, namratA, karuNA, dayA Adi kSAyopazamika bhAva mokSa mArga ataeva yadyapi pratikramaNa ke (1) prazasta aura (2) aprazasta, ye do bheda kiye jAte haiM (A., pR.552-1), to bhI Avazyaka kriyA meM jisa pratikramaNa kA samAveza hai, vaha aprazasta nahIM kintu prazasta hI hai; kyoMki isa jagaha antardRSTi vAle AdhyAtmika puruSoM kI hI avazya kriyA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / (1) daivasika, (2) rAtrika, (3) pAkSika, (4) cAturmAsika (5) sAMvatsarika, ye pratikramaNa ke pA~ca bheda bahuta prAcIna tathA zAstra-saMgata hai; kyoMki ina kA ullekha zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI taka karate haiM (A. ni., gA. 1247) / kAla-bheda se tIna prakAra kA pratikramaNa bhI batalAyA hai| (1) bhUtakAla meM lage hue doSoM kI AlocanA karanA, (2) saMvara karake vartamAnakAla ke doSoM se bacanA aura (3) pratyAkhyAna dvArA bhaviSyat doSoM ko rAkanA pratikramaNa hai (A., pR. 551) / ___uttarottara AtmA ke vizeSa zuddha svarUpa meM sthita hone kI icchA karane vAle adhikArioM ko yaha bhI AnA cAhie ki pratikramaNa kisa kisa kA karanA cAhie : (1) mithyAtva, (2) avirati (2) kaSAya (3) aura (4) aprazasta yoga, ina cAra kA pratikramaNa karanA cAhie / arthAt mithyAtva chor3a kara samyaktva ko pAnA cAhie, avirati kA tyAga kara virati ko svIkAra karanA cAhie, kaSAya kA parihAra karake kSamA Adi guNa prApta karanA cAhie aura saMsAra bar3hAne vAle vyApAroM ko chor3a kara AtmasvarUpa kI prApti karanI cAhie / ___ eka kahAvata hai subahakA bhUlA zAma ko vApasa apane sthAna para calA AtA hai to bhUlA nahIM kahalAtA', isI prakAra samatAyogI caitanyayAtrI bhI apane AtmabhAvoM se haTakara parabhAvoM meM ramaNa karatA karatA puna: saMbhalakara AtmabhAvoM meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai, vahI AtmA ke lie pratikramaNa hai| athavA jo jo bAteM Atma bhAvoM yA Atma guNoM ke pratikUla haiM, unase haTakara puna: apane AtmabhAva yA AtmaguNoM meM pravRtta ho jAnA bhI pratikramaNa hai| niyamasAra ' (83-84) meM isI bAta ko vizeSataH spaSTa karate hue kahA hai "vacanaracanA 1. prati prativartanaM vA zubheSu yogeSu mokSaphaladeva / nizalyasya yateryattadvA jJeyaM pratikramaNam // 2. niyamasAra mUla 83, 84, 85 - 91 saMkhyaka mottUNa vayaNarayaNaM' Adi gaathaaeN| -

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 209 (vANIvilAsa) chor3akara rAgadibhAvoM kA nivAraNa karake jo AtmA kA dhyAna karanA hai, vaha pratikramaNa hai| jo (sAdhaka) virAdhanA ko vizeSata-chor3akara ArAdhanA meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha (jIva) pratikramaNI hai-pratikramaNamaya hai|" isI prakAra anAcAra ko chor3akara AcAra meM, unmArga kA tyAga karake vItarAga prarUpita sanmArga meM, zalyabhAva ko chor3akara niHzalyabhAva meM, aguptibhAva ko chor3akara trigupti guptabhAva meM, ArtaraudradhyAna ko chor3akara dharma yA zukladhyAna meM, mithyAdarzana ko chor3akara samyagdarzana bhAva meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha bhI (jIva) pratikramaNa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa mokSa-mArga kI sAdhanA karate samaya jahA~ bhI koI aticAra doSa mana, vacana yA kAyA se lagA ho, vahA~ 'hA ! maiMne prabhAdavaza, ajJAnatA se yaha duSkarma kiyA, karAyA yA karane vAloM kA anumodana kiyA, yaha anucita kiyA; aise AtmA ke pariNAmoM ko pratikramaNa kahate haiN| eka pAzcAtya vicAraka 'sIDa' (Seed) ne AtmAlocana ke sambandha meM apane vicAra vyakta karate hue kahA hai "It is but owning what you need not be ashamed of-that you now have more sense than you had before, to see your error, more humility to acknowledge it, more grace to correct it." "jo bhI doSa-pApa tumase ho cuke haiM, unheM svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kI lajjA na karanA hI tumhArA apane para svAmitva hai, kyoMki apanI bhUloM ko dekhane meM tumhArI buddhimattA pahale kI apekSA vartamAna meM adhika hotI hai, una doSoM ko pahacAnane-jAnane meM tumhArI namratA pahale se adhika bar3hI hai, unakI zuddhi karane meM tumhArI zobhA yA pratiSThA bhI pahale se adhika hotI hai|" tathAgata buddhane ekabAra kahA thA "dUsaroM kA doSa dekhanA AsAna hai, magara apanA doSa dekhanA kaThina hai| loga dUsare ke doSoM ko bhUsa ke samAna phaTakate phirate haiM kintu apane doSoM ko isa taraha chipAte phirate haiM, jaise catura juArI hArane vAle pAse ko chipA letA hai| . jaitavana meM bauddhadharma sammelana cala rahA thaa| bhArI saMkhyA meM bauddhabhikSu ekatrita the| pravacana maMDapa meM zAnta mudrA meM naranAriyoM kA samUha baiThA thA / tathAgata ne pravacana kA prArambha karate hue kahA "mumukSuo! dUsaroM ke vicAra par3hanA, saMkalpa jAnanA aura bhAvanAoM aura pravRttiyoM kI thAha lenA tumhAre lie kaThina hai, parantu apanI parakha saba AsAnI se kara sakate ho| dUsaroM ko sudhArane kI apekSA jo apane sudhAra kA prayatna karatA hai, vahI mokSa kA saccA adhikArI

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210 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai| jisa taraha darpaNa meM apane cehare kI malinatA spaSTa pratibimbata ho jAtI hai, aura dekhane vAlA use ThIka karake apanA ceharA sundara banA letA hai| usI prakAra bhikSuo! apanI cetanA ke darpaNa meM mana kI malinatAoM ko dekho| tumhAre vicAra, vacana aura kArya nirmala haiM yA nahIM ? tuma kahIM indriyoM ke AkarSaNa meM to nahIM par3e ho ? tumhAre vicAra, vacana aura kArya pavitra haiM yA nahIM ? kyA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tumheM hairAna kara rahe haiM ? kyA koI durvyasana tumhAre lagA huA hai ? yadi hA~ to tatkAla unheM dekho parakho, pazcAttApa evaM prAyazcitta dvArA una kSatioM-doSoM ko miTAne meM juTa pdd'o| dera aura Alasya na kro| Aja jo gayA, vaha phira kala nahIM aaegaa| AtmanirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa aura AtmasudhAra ke isa krama meM vilamba na karo / tabhI mokSa ke adhikArI bnoge| tuma auroM kA nahIM apanA uddhAra-sudhAra svayaM kara sakate ho, usI meM juTa jAo Aja se, abhI se|" . apane pApoM ke prati ghRNA aura pachatAvA hI ve AdhAra haiM, jinake sahAre bhaviSya meM vaisA pApa-doSa na hone kI AzA kI jA sakatI hai| mahAbhArata (vanaparva) meM spaSTa kahA hai vikarmaNA taptamAna: pApAd viparimucyate / na tat kuryAt punariti dvitIyAt parimucyate // "jo manuSya pApakarma bana jAne para sacce hRdaya se pazcAttApa karatA hai, vaha usa pApa se chUTa jAtA hai; tathA 'phira kabhI aisA karma nahIM karUMgA; aisA dRr3ha nizcaya kara lene para bhaviSya meM hone vAle dUsare pApa se bhI vaha baca jAtA hai|" niSkarSa yaha hai ki pazcAttApa meM apane se hue pApa-karma ke prati tIvra duHkha honA cAhie, anyathA, kAraNavaza utpanna huA sadAcaraNa kA utsAha zmazAna-vairAgya kI taraha ThaMDA ho jAyegA aura phira usI purAne Dharre para jIvana kI gAr3I ke pahiye lur3hakane lageMge / pazcAttApa kI upayogitA isI meM hai ki anta:karaNa meM dUSita AcaraNa ke prati virodhI pratikriyA itane ugrarUpa se ubhare ki bhaviSya meM usa prakAra ke anAcaraNa kI guMjAiza hI zeSa na rahe / anta:karaNa se utpanna pazcAttApa saba pApo ko bhasma kara detA hai| zivapurANa meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA pazcAtApaH pApakRtAM niSkRti: parA / sarveSAM varNitaM sadbhiH sarva pApa vizodhanam // "pazcAttApa hI pApo kI parama niSkRti hai, isIlie saMtajanoM ne pazcAttApa se saba pApoM

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211 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika kI vizuddhi honA batalAyA hai|" mahAtmA gA~dhI ke Azrama meM jaba kisI AzramavAsI se koI doSa yA anAcAra ho jAtA to prArthanA ke samaya yA to vaha jAhira meM apane usa doSa ko vivaraNapUrvaka pazcAttApapUrvaka vyakta karatA aura usakA gA~dhIjI dvArA nirdhArita prAyazcitta lekara zuddha ho jAtA thA athavA jAhira meM apane doSoM ko ghoSita karane kI svayaM meM himmata na hotI to usake badale koI usakA vizvasta sAthI vivaraNa sahita jAhira karatA thA, use usa samaya upasthita rahanA par3atA thaa| manusmRti meM pApoM ke prakaTIkaraNa se adharmamukta hone kI bAta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai yathA yathA naro'dharma svayaM kRtvA'nubhASate / tathA tathA tvacevAhistenA'dharmeNa mucyate // "jaise-jaise manuSya apanA adharma logoM ke samakSa jyoM kA tyoM prakaTa karatA hai, vaise vaise hI vaha adharma se usI prakAra mukta hotA jAtA hai, jaise sApa keMcUlI se|" ata: pApa ko chipAnA nahIM caahie| pApakarma chipAne para ve bahuta bar3hate jAte haiN| pArAzara smRti isa bAta kI sAkSI hai kRtvA pApaM na guhyet guhyamAnaM vivardhate / svalpaM vA'tha prabhUtaM vA, dharmavide tanivedayet // te hi pApe kRte vedyA hantArazcaivapApmanAm / vyAdhi tasya yathA vaidyA buddhimanto rujApahAH / / "pApAcaraNa ho jAne para use chipAnA nahIM caahie| chipAne se vaha bar3hatA hai| pApa choTA ho yA bar3A, kisI dharmajJa ke samakSa avazya prakaTa kara denA caahie| isa prakAra pApa prakaTa kara dene se ve adhyAtmavaidya usI prakAra pApoM ko naSTa kara dete haiM, jaise buddhimAna vaidya se rogI dvArA cikitsA karA lene para ve usake roga ko samUla naSTa kara dete haiN| mahAbhAratameM bhI pApoM ko na chipAne ke lie kahA gayA hai - tasmAt pApaM na guhyet guhyamAnaM vivardhayet / kRtvA tat sAdhubhya evametavait te tat zamayantyuta / "ataH apane pApa ko na chipAyeM / chipAyA huA pApa bar3hatA hai| yadi kabhI pApa bana gayA ho to use sAdhu puruSoM se kaha denA cAhie, ve usakA zamana kara dete haiN|"

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi IsAI dharma meM bapatismA ( praveza) saMskAra ke samaya evaM maraNa kAla meM pAdarI ke samakSa ekAnta meM aba taka ke apane sAre pApa kahane hote haiN| isa kanphaizana (pApa - svIkAra) ko atyanta pavitra aura Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isase usake mana para car3hA bhAra halakA ho jAtA hai| mana ke bhItara durAva kI jo gA~Tha ba~dhI rahatI haiM, ve khula jAtI haiM, anyathA una mAnasika granthiyoM se aneka zArIrika mAnasika roga uTha khar3e hote haiM / durAva kI gA~ThoM se chuTakArA na milane para vyakti cir3acir3A, kur3hanevAlA, manahUsa, gumasuma, ardhavikSipta, ardhAMgagrasta-sA, ardhamRta-sA ho jAtA hai / svaccha, niSkapaTa evaM durAvarahita mana hI samatAyogI ke gauravapUrNa vyaktitva meM vRddhi karatA hai / 212 mahAtmA gA~dhI ke jIvana kI eka ghaTanA isa sambandha meM apUrva preraNAdAyaka hai gA~dhIjI usa samaya bAlakahI theN| burI saMgati meM par3akara kisI se karz2a le liyA / jaba karjadAra taMga karane lagA to unhoMne ghara se thor3A sA sonA curA liyA aura karz2a cukA diyA / karz2a kA bhAra to halakA ho gayA, lekina gA~dhIjI corI ke pazcAttApa se mana hI mana jhulasane lge| socA pitAjI se jAkara kaha dU~; para sIdhe jAkara kahane kA sAhasa na huA / ataH unhoMne apane pitAjI ko eka patra likhA jisameM apanA doSa svIkAra kara liyA aura bhaviSya meM vaisA na karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa bhI vyakta kiyA / putra kI saccI nizchala AtmA ne pitA ko harSita kara diyA / unhoMne sacce dila se usa aparAdha ko kSamA kara diyaa| taba se gA~dhIjIne zikSA lI - sacce hRdaya se aparAdha svIkAra lene se mana kA maila dhula jAtA hai| sacamuca mana kI gA~TheM khola dene para dUsaroM kA hI nahIM, apanA hI lAbha hai / AcAryazrI amitagati ke sAmAyika pATha kA yaha pA~cavA~ zloka hai| isameM AcAryazrI Atmazuddhi ke sandarbha meM pratikramaNa karane kA nirdeza samatAyogI sAdhaka ke lie kiyA hai| zloka isa prakAra haiM ekendriyAdyA yadi deva ! dehinaH, pramAdataH saMcaratA itastata: / kSatA vibhinnA militA nipIDitAs tadastu mithyA duranuSThitaM tadA // " he samatAmUrti vItarAga deba ! idhara-udhara pramAdapUrvaka vicaraNa karate hue mere dvArA yadi ekendriya Adi prANI naSTa hue hoM, TukaDe kara diye gaye hoM, nirdayatApUrvaka mala diye gaye yA masala diye gaye hoM, kiMbahunA, kisI bhI prakAra se duHkhita pIr3ita kiye gaye hoM to vaha saba merA duSTa 1. sAmAyika pATha amitagati zloka 5

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213 samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika AcaraNa mithyA ho ?" pratikramaNa ke prakAra samAnya rUpa se pratikramaNa do prakAra kA hai dravya-pratikramaNa aura bhAvapratikramaNa / yahA~ bhAva-pratikramaNa hI upAdeya hai, dravya-pratikramaNa nahIM / dravya-pratikramaNa vaha hai, jo binA upayoga ke, pratikramaNa ke pAThoM kA artha samajhe-bUjhe binA kevala totAraTana kI taraha kiyA jAtA hai, yaza yA pratiSThA lUTane ke lie, jo kevala dikhAne ke lie, dekhAdekhI, zarmAzI kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM kisI doSa kA pratikramaNa kara lene ke bAda bhI puna: puna: usa doSa kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| dravya pratikramaNa se AtmA kI zuddhi nahIM hotI, balki kaI bAra kapaTa kriyA ho jAne se dravya pratikramaNa AtmA ko aura adhika azuddha kara detA hai| sAdhaka DhITha hokara usI doSa ko lagAtAra bar3hAtA jAtA hai, taba pratikramaNa karane kA usakA uddezya hI samApta ho jAtA hai| bhAva pratikramaNa kA artha bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : "Arttaraudra ityAdi azubha pariNAma evaM puNyAsrava ke kAraNabhUta zubha pariNAma bhAva kahalAte haiM, ina donoM prakAra ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara zuddha pariNAmoM meM sthita honA bhAva pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai|" AcArya haribhadra ne Avazyaka niyukti ke vivecana meM bhAva-pratikramaNa kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai mana, vacana aura kAyA se mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi durbhAvoM meM svayaM gamana na karanA, na dUsaroM ko gamana nA. na gamana karane vAloM kA anumodana karanA hI bhAva pratikramaNa hai / kAla ke bheda sa bhagavatIsUtra meM pratikramaNa tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai 'aiyaM paDikkamei, paDupannaM saMvarei, aNAgayaM paccakkhAi / ' bhUtakAla meM lage dura doSoM kI AlocanA pratikramaNa karanA, vartamAna-kAla meM lagane vAle doSoM se saMvara dvArA bacanA tathA pratyAkhyAna dvArA bhAvI doSoM ko rokanA; isa prakAra pratikramaNa Arta raudramityAdayo'zubhapariNAmaH, puNyAsrava bhUtAzca zubhapariNAmA iha bhAva zabdena gRhyante; tebhyo nivRtti: bhAvapratikramaNamiti / bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi. 116/275/14

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214 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi trikAla viSayaka hai| pratikramaNa zabda mUla meM azubha yogoM se nivRtti ke artha meM hai| AtmanindanApazcAttApa dvArA atIta kAla ke azubha yogoM se nivRtti hotI hai, ata: yaha atIta pratikramaNa hai, saMvara ke dvArA vartamAnakAlIna azubha yogoM se nivRtti hotI hai, isalie yaha vartamAna pratikramaNa hai aura pratyAkhyAna ke dvArA bhaviSyatkAlika azubha yogoM se nivRtti hotI hai, isalie yaha bhaviSyatkAlIna pratikramaNa mAnA jAtA hai| vizeSakAla kI apekSA se pratikramaNa ke pA~ca bheda atiprAcIna tathA zAstra-sammata haiM (1) daivasika, (2) rAtrika, (3) pAkSika (4) cAturmAsika evaM (5) sAMvatsarika / ' yahA~ yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki jaba pratidina prAta: aura sAyaM do bAra pratikramaNa ho hI jAtA hai, phira pAkSika, cAturmAsika evaM sAMvatsarika, ye pratipramaNa kyoM kiye jAte haiM ? dina aura rAta meM hone vAle aticAroM (doSoM) kI zuddhi daivasika aura rAtrika pratikramaNa dvArA ho hI jAtI hai, phira anya pratikramaNoM kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isakA samAdhAnaM Avazyaka cUrNi meM eka dRSTAnta dvArA kiyA gayA hai : jaise gRhastha loga apane gharoM meM rojAnA saphAI karate haiM, kUDA-karakaTa nikAlate hai, kitanI hI sAvadhAnI se saphAI kI jAe, phira bhI kahIM dhUla yA kacarA jamA raha jAtA hai, ata: kisI viziSTa parva yA tyauhAra ke avasara para vizeSa rUpa se saphAI kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra pratidina subaha-zAma pratikramaNa dvArA bhUloM kA parimArjana karate rahane para bhI kucha bhUloM - doSoM kA pramArjana karanA bAkI raha hI jAtA hai, usake lie pAkSika pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura pAkSika pratikramaNa karane ke bAda bhI rahI huI bhUloM kA pramArjana cAturmAsika pratikramaNa se, aura cAturmAsika pratikramaNa se avaziSTa sUkSma bhUloM kI pramArjanA (zuddhi) sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karake kI jAtI hai| pratikramaNa ke ATha paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM pratikramaNa ke sabhI rUpoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, jo cAritra zuddhi ke lie Avazyaka haiM / bhadrabAhusvAmI ne Avazyaka niyukti meM pratikramaNa ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / paDikkamaNaM paDiyaraNA, paDiharaNA vAraNA niyattI ya / 1. bhadrabAhukRta Avazyaka niyukti gA. 1247 1. A. ni., gA. 1233

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samatva - yoga prApta karane kI kriyA - sAmAyika 215 pratikramaNa, praticaraNA, pratiharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, garhA, aura zodhi isa prakAra pratikramaNa ATha prakAra kA hotA hai| pratikramaNa kI vyAkhyA maiM pahale kara cukI huuN| yahA~ to cAritrika azuddhi ke pratikramaNa kA prasaMga hai / isalie pratikramaNa kA artha hogA pramAdavaza samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa svasthAna se haTakara mithyAtva, ajJAna evaM asaMyamarUpa parasthAna meM sAdhaka calA gayA ho to 'micchA mi dukkaDaM' dekara pazcAttApa pUrvaka svasthAna meM usakA puna: lauTa AnA pratikramaNa hai| pApakSetra se puna: Atmazuddhi kSetra meM lauTa AnA hI vAstava meM pratikramaNa hai| isake pazcAt hai praticaraNA, jisakA artha hai ahiMsA satya Adi saMyamakSetra (cAritrika kSetra) meM bhalIbhA~ti vicaraNa krnaa| arthAt asaMyama (kucAritra yA cAritra rahita) kSetra se dUra se bacate hue sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cAritra (saMyama) kA zuddha evaM nirdoSa pAlana karanA praticaraNA hai| pratikramaNa kA tIsarA rUpa hai pariharaNA, jisakA artha hai saba prakAra se azubhayogoM, durdhyAnoM evaM durAcaraNoM kA tyAga karanA / cAritra patha para calate hue aneka pralobhana, bhaya, vighna Adi Ate haiM, sAdhaka sAvadhAnIpUrvaka unakI pariharaNA na kare to pathabhraSTa ho sakatA hai| cauthA rUpa hai vAraNA; jisakA artha hai AtmA ko viSayabhoga, kaSAya Adi cAritra ko azuddha karane vAle vItarAgadeva dvArA niSiddha tattvoM se bacAnA / isake pazcAt pratikramaNa kA pA~cavA~ rUpa hai nivRtti / azubha yA pApAcaraNa rUpa akArya se haTa jAnA, virata ho jAnA nivRtti hai| yahI cAritra kA lakSaNa hai| pramAdavaza hI sAdhaka azubha akArya meM AtA hai, para use jhaTapaTa apramAda avasthA meM lauTa AnA cAhie / pratikramaNa kA chaThA rUpa nindA hai| yaha nindA dUsaroM kI nahIM, apane Atmadeva kI sAkSI se pUrvakRta azubha AcaraNoM ko burA samajhakara usake lie apane Apa ko dhikkAranA pazcAttApa karanA, isa prakAra mana kA maila sApha karanA nindA (AtmanindA) hai| pratikramaNa kA sAtavA~ rUpa hai garhA, jisakA artha hai - gurudeva, apane se jyeSTha sAdhaka yA anubhavI sAdhaka ke samakSa apane pApoM kI dhuMDiyA~ khola denA / samAja yA mahAna AtmA ke samakSa apane pApa-doSoM ko kholanA sarala bAta nahIM hai, mithyAbhimAna aura doSa rUpa viSa to isase bilakula naSTa ho jAtA hai / pratikramaNa kA AThavA~ aura antima rUpa hai zodhi / pratikramaNa kA yaha rUpa pApa vizuddhikAraka hai / vastra Adi para lage hue dAga ko sAbuna Adi se dhokara sApha kiyA jAtA

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216 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai, vaise hI AtmA para lage hue doSoM ko AlocanA, nindanA, garhaNA aura prAyazcittarUpa tapazcaraNa aura dharma-sAdhanA se dhokara sApha karanA zuddhi hai| mUlAcAra (gA. 613) meM pratikramaNa ke 7 bheda batAye gaye haiM "paDikkamaNaM devasiyaM rAdiyaM iriyApadhaM ca bodhavvaM / pakkhiya cAdummAsiya saMvaccharamuttamadraM ca // __ aticAroM (doSoM) se nivRtta honA pratikramaNa hai / vaha daivasika, rAtrika, aipithika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika aura uttamArtha pratikramaNa yoM sAta prakAra kA hai|

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pA~cavA adhyAya samanvaya , zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda yaha vizva aneka tattvoM kI samanviti hai / vedAnta darzana ne advaita kI sthApanA kI para dvaita ke binA vizva kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakI to use mAyA kI parikalpanA karanI pdd'ii| brahma ko sAmane rakhakara vizva ke mUla srota kI aura mAyA ko sAmane rakhakara usake vistAra kI vyAkhyA kI gii| sAMkhya-darzana ne dvaita ke AdhAra para vizva kI vyAkhyA kii| usake anusAra puruSa cetana aura prakRti acetana hai| donoM vAstavika tattva haiM / vizva kI vyAkhyA ke ye do mukhya koNa haiM - advaita aura dvaita / jo dArzanika vizva ke mUla srota kI khoja meM cale, ve calate - calate cetana tattva taka pahu~ce aura unhoMne cetana tattva ko vizva ke mUla srota ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| jina dArzanikoM ko vizva ke mUla srota kI khoja vAstavika nahIM lagI, unhoMne usake parivartanoM kI khoja kI aura unhoMne cetana aura acetana kI svataMtra sattA kI sthApanA kI / pratyeka darzana apanI-apanI dhArA meM calatA rahA aura tarka ke avirata pravAha se use vikasita karatA rhaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki dArzanika jagata meM zAnti kA abhAva-sA ho gayA / pArasparika virodha hI darzana kA mUla thaa| hameM yaha socanA cAhie ki sabhI vAda eka-dUsare ke virodhI haiM, isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? vicAra karane para mAlUma par3atA hai ki isa virodha ke mUla meM mithyA Agraha hai| yahI Agraha ekAnta Agraha kahA jAtA hai| dArzanika dRSTi saMkucita na hokara vizAla honI caahie| jitane bhI dharma vastu meM pratibhAsita hote hoM, una sabakA samAveza usa dRSTi meM honA cAhie / yaha ThIka hai ki hamArA dRSTikoNa kisI samaya kisI eka dharma para vizeSa bhAra detA hai, kisI samaya kisI dUsare dharma para / itanA hote hue bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vastu meM amuka dharma hai aura anya koI dharma nahIM / vastu kA pUrNa vizleSaNa karane para pratita hogA ki vAstava meM hama jina dharmoM kA niSedha karanA cAhate haiM, ve saba dharma vastu meM vidyamAna haiM / isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhate hue vastu ananta dharmAtmaka kahI jAtI hai| vastu svabhAva se hI aisI hai ki usakA aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para hI vastu ke yathArtha jJAna yA pUrNa jJAna kI ora agrasara huA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi kA nAma hI anekAntavAda hai| TaoNlsaTAya ne kahIM kahA hai ki jaba maiM javAna thA to maiM socatA thA ki kaMsisTeMTa vicAraka hI asalI vicAraka hai, jo bilakula susaMgata bAta kahatA hai| eka cIja kahatA hai to usake virodha meM kabhI dUsarI bAta nahIM khtaa| lekina aba jaba maiM bUDhA ho gayA hU~ to maiM jAnatA hU~ ki jo susaMgata hai, usane vicAra hI nahIM kiyA / kyoMki z2indagI sAre

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218 samatva yoga eka samanvaya dRSTi kaMTrADikzana se bharI hai| jo vicAra karegA, usake vicAra meM bhI kaMTrADiksana A hI jAe~ge A hI jAe~ge / vaha aisA satya nahIM kaha sakatA, jo ekAMgI, pUrNa aura dAvedAra ho / usake pratyeka satya kI ghoSaNA meM bhI jhijhaka hogii| lekina jhijhaka usake ajJAna kI sUcaka bana jAyegI, jabaki jhijhaka usake jJAna kI sUcaka hai / ajJAnI jitanI tIvratA se dAvA karatA hai, utanA jJAnI ke lie karanA bahuta muzkila hai / asala meM ajJAna sadA dAvA karatA hai, dAvA kara sakatA hai| kyoMki samajha itanI kama hai, dekhA itanA kama hai, jAnA itanA kama hai, pahacAnA itanA kama hai, ki usa kama meM vaha vyavasthA banA sakatA hai| lekina jisane sArA jAnA hai, aura jindagI ke saba rUpa dekhe, use vyavasthA banAnI muzkila ho jAtI hai / mahAvIra ke anekAnta kA yahI artha hai ki koI dRSTi pUrI nahIM hai, koI dRSTi virodhI nahIM hai, saba dRSTiyA~ sahayogI haiM aura saba dRSTiyA~ kisI bar3e satya meM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| aura jo bar3e satya ko jAnatA hai, jo virATa satya ko jAnatA hai - na vaha kisIke pakSa meM hogA, na vaha kisIke vipakSa meM hogA / aisA vyakti hI niSpakSa ho sakatA hai / yaha bar3e maje kI bAta hai ki sirpha anekAnta kI jisakI dRSTi ho, vahI niSpakSa ho sakatA hai - samatva prApta kara sakatA hai / 9. anekAnta kA artha - aba anekAnta zabda para vicAra kreN| anekAnta zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai, eka 'aneka' zabda, dUsarA 'anta' zabda / anta zabda kI vyutpatti 'ratnAkarAvatArikA' meM isa prakAra kI gaI hai : 66 'amyate ' gamyate - nizcIyate iti antaH dharmaH / na eka: aneka: anekazcAsau antazca iti" anekAntaH - vastu meM aneka dharmoM ke samUha ko mAnanA anekAnta hai / anekAnta ko syAdvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| " syAt" anekAnta dyotaka avyaya hai| 1. " am gatyAdiSu" gvAdigaNaM / 2. ratnAkarAvatArikA pR. 89 / 3. aSTasahasrI, pR. 286 / AtmamImAMsA, zloka 103 / paMcAstikAya gAthA 15 | amRtacandrasUri kI TIkA pR. 30 /

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219 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 219 vAstava meM anekAnta kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara isa prakAra hai : "yadeva tat tadeva atat, yadevaikaM tadevAnekam / yadeva sat tadevAsat, yadeva nityaM tadevAnityamityekavastuvastutvaniSpAdaka paraspara viruddhshktidvyprkaashnmnekaantH|" jo vastu tatsvarUpa hai vahIM atatsvarUpa bhI hai| jo vastu eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai| jo vastu sat hai, vahI asat bhI hai| tathA jo vastu nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu ke vastutva ke kAraNabhUta paraspara virodhI dharmayugaloM kA prakAzana anekAnta hai| aura bhI dekhie - "sadasannityAnityAdisarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSaNonekAntaH / - devAgama - aSTazatI kArikA 103 vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai, athavA anitya hI hai, isa prakAra sarvathA ekAnta ke nirAkaraNa karane kA nAma anekAnta hai| isa prakAra anekAnta meM paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle do dharma rahate haiN| ata: syAdvAda yAne anekAntavAda / nitya aura anitya Adi aneka dharmoM se yukta vastu ke abhyupagama ko syAdvAda kahate haiN| isa prakAra syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM paryAyavAcI zabda hue| 1. samayasAra 10/247. AtmakhyAti 2. syAditi anekAntadyotakam avyayam, tataH syAdvAdaH, anekAntavAdaH nityAnityAdyanekadharmazabalaikavastvabhyupagam iti yAvat / - 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' pR.15 sarvanayAtmakatvAd anekAntavAdasya / yathA vizAlatAnAM muktAmaNInAm ekasUtrAnusyUtAnAM hAravyapadezaH evaM pRthagabhisaMdhInAM nayAnAM syAdvAdalakSaNaika suutrprotaanaaN-shrutaakhyprmaannvypdeshH| - 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' pR.236 syAdvAda-kevalajJAne, srvtttvprkaashne| - aSTasahasrI kArikA 105, pR. 361 / syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjako nayaH / - vahI kArikA 106, pR. 362 vidheyam IpsitArthagaM, pratiSedhyAMvirodhi yt| tathaivAdeya-heyatvam iti syAdvAdasaMsthitiH / - aSTasahasrI kArikA, 113, pR.364, / syAdvAdino nAyaM tavaiyaM yuktaM naikAntadRSTeH tvamato'si-zAstA -svayaMbhUstotra kArikA 14 /

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220 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi "syAt' vidhiparaka avyaya hai / eka vAkya meM jaba vastu ke aneka dharmoM kA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, taba usake nirvacana vyavahAra ko abAdhita karane ke lie "syAt" pada kI yojanA sahAyaka siddha hotI hai| jaise - yaha maNi hai, prakAzamAna hai, zuklavarNa, bahumUlya hai, Adi / maNigata, ina svadharmoM ko bhI yugapata (ekasAtha) kahanA zakya nahIM / "syAt' jisakA artha kathaMcit (kisI eka apekSAdRSTikoNa se) hotA hai, isa aneka dharmoM kI abhivyakti meM sAhAyyakArI hotA hai| syAt yaha prakAzamAna hai, syAt yaha bahumUlya hai| padArtha ke isa syAt pada ke sAta bhaMga haiM / ina bhaMgoM ko "saptabhaMga' kahate haiM / syAdasti, syAnAsti, syAdvaktavya ityAdi ApekSika bhaMgoM dvArA padArtha sthita anekAnta ko sphuTa karanA saptabhaMga kA viSaya hai| isa anekAnta darzana se manuSya meM sadvicAra kA AvirbhAva hotA hai aura pUrvAgraha athavA ekAnta haThavAda kA anta ho jAtA hai| anekAnta dRSTimAn yaha vicAratA hai ki padArtha meM ekamAtra vahI guNadharma nahIM hai, jise maiM jAnatA hU~, apitu dUsarA vyakti usameM jisa apara guNa kI sthiti batA rahA hai, vaha bhI usameM hai| yaha vicAroM kI prAMjalatA, darzana kI vyApakatA tathA sahiSNutA ko prasArita kara samanvaya mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| jaina dharma ne anekAnta dRSTi se vizva ko dekhA aura syAdvAda kI bhASA meM usakI vyAkhyA kI, isalie vaha na advaitavAdI banA aura na dvaitvaadii| usakI dhArA svataMtra rhii| phira bhI usane donoM koNoM ko sparza kiyA / anekAnta dRSTi ananta nayoM kI samaSTi hai| usake anusAra koI bhI eka naya pUrNa satya nahIM hai aura koI bhI naya asatya nahIM hai| ve sApekSa hokara satya hote haiM aura nirapekSa hokara asatya ho jAte haiN| hama saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM taba sampUrNa vizva astitva ke mahAskaMdha meM avasthita hokara eka ho jAtA hai| isa naya kI sImA meM dvaita nahIM hotA, cetana aura acetana kA bheda bhI nahIM hotA, dravya aura guNa tathA zAzvata aura parivartana kA bheda nahIM hotA hai| sarvatra advaita hI advaita / vizva ko dekhane kA yaha eka naya hai| use dekhane ke dUsare bhI naya haiN| hama vyavahAra-naya se dekhate haiM taba vizya aneka khaNDoM meM dikhAI detA hai| isa naya kI sImA meM cetanA bhI hai aura acetana bhI hai, dravya bhI hai aura guNa bhI hai, zAzvata bhI hai aura parivartana bhI hai| satya kI vyAkhyA kisI eka naya se nahIM ho sakatI / vaha anantadharmA hai| usakI vyAkhyA ananta nayoM se hI ho sakatI hai| hama kucheka nayoM ko hI jAna pAte haiM, phalata: satya ke kucheka dharmoM kI hI vyAkhyA kara pAte haiM / koI bhI zAstra sampUrNa satya kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara pAtA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 221 aura koI bhI vyakti zAstrIya AdhAra para sampUrNa satya ko sAkSAt nahIM jAna pAtA / darzanoM kA yaha antara aura matavAdoM kA bheda hamAre jJAna aura pratipAdanazakti kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa hI cala rahA hai| yaha bheda satya ko vibhakta kie hue hai| jitane darzana utane hI satya ke rUpa bana gae haiN| jina-darzana kA adhyayana hameM satya kI dizA meM Age le jAtA hai aura darzana ke AkAza meM chAe hue kuhAse meM dekhane kI kSamatA detA hai| dravya ke ananta dharma haiN| koI darzana kisI eka dharma ko mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai to dUsarA darzana kisI dUsare dharmako mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai| donoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka hI dravya hai, kintu ekAMgI pratipAdana ke kAraNa ve virodhI se pratIta hone lagate haiN| unameM pratIta hone vAle virodha kA zamana anekAnta dRSTi se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| __anekAnta ke binA ahiMsA kI gaharAI kA sparza kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA / kisI vyakti ke viparIta vyavahAra ko dekhakara agara hamAre mana meM usake prati ghRNA hotI hai, dveSa hotA hai, to vaha ghRNA aura dveSa saMsAra kI vRddhi ke kAraNa haiM / hiMsA kI jar3a meM hI rAga, dveSa, IrSyA aura mAyA haiM / ahiMsA kA mUla udgama samatva se hotA hai aura samatva hI anekAnta kA hRdaya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM anekAnta vaicArika ahiMsA kA vikasita rUpa hai| "anekAnta dRSTi satya para khar3I hai| yadyapi sabhI mahAna puruSa satya ko pasanda karate haiM aura satya kI khoja tathA satya ke hI nirUpaNa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM, tathApi satya ke nirUpaNa kI paddhati aura satya kI khoja sabakI eka-sI nahIM hotii| buddhadeva jisa zailI se satya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM yA zaMkarAcArya upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para jisa DhaMga se satya kA prakAzana karate haiM unase mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI judA hai| mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI kA hI dUsarA nAma "anekAntavAda' hai| usake mUla meM do tattva haiM - pUrNatA aura yathArthatA / jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa se pratIta hotA hai, vahI satya kahalAtA hai|" 2. anekAnta kA udgava tathA uddezya anekAnta ke udbhava ke do AdhAra haiM, itahiAsa aura paramparA / paramparA kI dRSTi se isa yuga meM anekAnta ke tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva hai| sarva prathama yaha upadeza RSabhadevane diyA / 1. darzana aura cintana : paM.sukhalAlajI 2. zramaNa saMskRti kA vikAsa evaM vistAra - DaoN.puSpamitra (amarabhAratI mArca-eprila 1971) sain Education International

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222 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi ataH anekAnta kA udbhava isa yuga ke prArambhakAla meM huaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se anekAnta kA udbhava taivIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke dvArA huaa| unake 250 varSa ke bAda mahAvIra anekAnta ke pravartaka hae / isa yuga ke aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIra kA bhI prathama upadeza tripadI rUpa se hI huA hai| ___ kisI paramparAgata mAnyatA ke sammukha natamastaka na hokara svataMtra dRSTi se vastu ko dekhane kI tathA usake saMbaMdha meM anyanya matavAdoM ke marma ko niSpakSa bhAva se samajhane aura unheM ucita mAnyatA pradAna karane kI pravRtti hI anekAnta kI janmasthalI hai| vibhinna darzanoM se dRSTa satyoM meM eka rUpatA lAne, unameM samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane tathA durAgraha evaM abhiniviSTa vRtti ko choDakara nirmala aura taTastha bhAva se satya kI khoja karane ke prayatna hI anekAnta ke udbhava ke hetu haiN| yahAM AcArya haribhadra kA zloka dhyAna dene yogya haiN| "AgrahI bata ninISati yuktiM tatra, yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatra, tatra matireti nivezam // "2 anAgrahI evaM samabhAva vAlA vyakti nitAnta niSpakSa dRSTi se vastu ko dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha vastu ke katipaya aMzoM ko hI dekha kara apane ko kRtakRtya nahIM mAnatA, kintu vaha vastu ke samagra svarUpa kA Akalana karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| usakI dRSTi vastu ke kisI AMzika saundarya se cakita ho pathabhraSTa nahIM hotI, kintu usake sampUrNa svarUpa ko dekhane ke lie Akula rahatI hai| isa vRtti kA pratiphala hI anekAnta kA udbhava hai| anekAnta kevala jJAnajanya anubhUti hai / usI anubhUti kA vacana dvArA prakAzana syAdvAda hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavadvANI syAdvAdamayI hotI hai| ata: syAdvAda kA janma bhagavAna arhanta deva kI divya bhASA ke sAtha hai| isa yuga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiN| isalie unako hI syAdvAda kA Adi prarvataka kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn RSabha ke anantara bAIsa tIrthaMkara usI prakAra kA upadeza apanI syAdvAdamayI vANI dvArA karate rahe haiN| vartamAna samaya ke tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratiSThA aura siddhAnta bauddha tripiTakAdi graMthoM dvArA siddha hai / isa samaya hI syAdvAda-siddhAnta ke ve 1. bhAratIya darzana (baladeva upAdhyAya) pR. 91 / 2. nyAyakhaNDanakhAdya kI bhUmikA se uddhRta 3. syAdvAda bhagavatapravacananaya - nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa, pR.364 4. savve titthayarA evameva saccaM bhAsayanti - 'AcArAMga sUtra-kalpasUtra'

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223 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda puraskartA kahe jAte haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki unake hI samakAlIna saMjaya velatthiputta ne isa siddhAnta kA' ajJAnavAda ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA thA / usIko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parivardhita aura pariSkRta kiyA, athavA uttara kAla meM jisa vastu ko mAdhyamikoM ne catuSkoTi vinirmukta kahA usIko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vidhi rUpa dekara paripuSTa kiyA / aitihAsika paMDitoM kI ye parikalpanAe~ isalie nirAdhAra haiM ki jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne anekAnta tattvoM kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura zruta-kevaliyoM ne unake artha ko anuzruta karake syAvAda kA zruta ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA / isake atirikta niSedha sadA vidhipUrvaka hotA hai, ata: unake pratiSThApaka arhanta-kevalI, zruta-kevalI, Adi hI haiM, sAdhAraNa vyakti nhiiN| anya ArAti AdikoM ne unhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| syAdvAda kA spaSTa ullekha samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka Adi ke graMthoM meM hai / syAdvAda kI mukhya pratiSThA yA zreya samantabhadra ko hai| siddhasena ne bhI isakI paripuSTi meM acchA bhAga liyA hai| akalaMka, haribhadra, vidyAnanda, hemacandra, Adi ne isake vikAsa meM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne saptabhaMgI kA ullekha kiyA hai, syAvAda kA nahIM / jo kucha bhI ho, syAdvAda jaina darzana ke tattvoM kA varNana karane meM atyanta sahAyaka siddha huA hai| anekAnta ke udbhava-kartAoM ne acchI taraha anubhava kiyA thA ki jIvanatattva apane meM pUrNa hote hue bhI vaha kaI aMzoM kI akhaNDa samaSTi hai / yaha sthiti pratyeka vastu-tattva kI bhI hai| ata: vastu ko samajhane ke lie aMza kA samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| kisI mazIna ko pUrNa rUpa se samajhane ke lie usake purajoM ko samajhanA bhI jarUrI hai| yadi hama aMza ko samajhane meM AnAkAnI karate raheM yA usakI upekSA karate raheM to hama aMzavAn yAne vastutattva ko usake sarvAMga-saMpUrNa rUpa meM nahIM samajha sakeMge / sAdhAraNatayA samAja meM jo jhagaDA yA vAdavivAda hotA hai, vaha durAgraha, haThavAditA aura eka pakSa para ar3e rahane ke kAraNa hotA hai| yadi hama satya kI jijJAsA se usake samasta pahaluoM ko acchI taraha dekha leM to kahI-na-kahIM satya kA aMza nikala AegA / eka hI vastu yA vicAra ko eka tarapha se na dekhakara use cAroM ora se dekha liyA jAya, phira kisI ko etarAja bhI na rhegaa| isa 1. atthIti na bhaNAmi NatthIti na bhaNAmi ityaadi| 2. mAdhyamika kArikA -naagaarjun| 3. vidhipuurvktvaannissedhsy| For Dr

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224 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi dRSTikoNa ko hI mahAvIra ne anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kahA / AinsTIna kA sApekSavAda, aura bhagavAna buddha kA vibhajyavAda isI bhUmikA para khar3A hai|' anekAntavAda ina donoM kA vyApaka yA vikasita rUpa hai| isa bhUmikA para hI Age calakara saguNa aura nirguNa ke vAdavivAda ko, jJAna aura bhakti ke jhagar3e ko sulajhAyA gyaa| AcAra meM ahiMsA kI aura vicAra meM anekAnta kI pratiSThA kara mahAvIra ne apanI dRSTi ko vyApakatA pradAna kii| 3. anekAnta kI maryAdA ___ anekAnta aura syAvAda kA prayoga karate samaya yaha jAgarUkatA rakhanA bahuta Avazyaka hai ki hama jina paraspara virodhI dharmoM kI sattA vastu meM pratipAdita karate haiM, unakI sattA vastu meM saMbhAvita hai bhI yA nhiiN| anyathA kahIM hama aisA na kahane lage ki kadAcit jIva cetana hai, aura kadAcita acetana bhI / acetanatva kI jIva meM saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| ata: yahA~ anekAnta batAte samaya asti aura nAsti ke rUpameM ghaTAnA caahie| jaise jIvana cetana hI hai, acetana nhiiN| vastuta: cetanatva aura acetanatva to paraspara virodhI dharma haiM aura nityatva-anityatva paraspara virodhI nahIM, virodhI-se pratIta hone vAle dharma haiM / ve paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM parantu haiM nhiiN| unakI sattA dravya meM ekasAtha pAI jAtI hai| anekAnta paraspara virodhIse pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA prakAzana karatA hai| __ hama Upara ke prakaraNa meM batA cuke haiM ki vastusthiti ko dekhakara anekAnta kA udbhava huA hai / vastu kA jaisA rUpa-svarUpa hai usako pUrNa va yathArtha rUpa se dekhane ke lie anekAntavAda AyA hai| arthAt vastu kA svarUpa mukhya hai| jaisA vastu kA svarUpa hai, vaisA hI to hama anekAnta dRSTi se dekha sakate haiM / anekAnta ko prayukta karane meM hama itane vivekahIna na ho jAyeM ki vastu-svarUpa ke viruddha hI kahane laga jAyeM / yaha anekAntavAda kA durapayoga hai| ata: vastu-svarUpa kI sthiti ke anusAra bahuta jAgarUkatA ke sAtha anekAnta ko lAgU kiyA jAya / mahAvIra kA syAdvAda rUpI nayacakra atyanta painI dhAravAlA hai| ise atyanta sAvadhAnI se calAnA cAhie / anyathA dhAraNa karane vAle kA hI mastaka %. Pandit Dalsukhbhai Malvania has shown with considerable care how what was known as the Vibhajy-vada in the later part of the Sarmana movement in India culminated in the Anekanta-vada of Mahavir. (Santisuri, Nyayavatara - Varttikavrtti, (Bombay : Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan.)

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225 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 225 bhaMga ho sakatA hai| 4. anekAnta kI khoja kA uddezya aura usake prakAzana kI zarte: vastu kA pUrNa rUpa meM trikAlAbAdhita-yathArtha darzana honA kaThina hai, kisI ko vaha ho bhI jAya tathApi usakA usI rUpa meM zabdoM ke dvArA ThIka-ThIka kathana karanA usa satyadraSTA aura satyavAdI ke lie bhI bar3A kaThina hai| koI usa kaThina kAma ko kisI aMza meM karane vAle nikala bhI Ae~ to bhI deza, kAla, paristhiti, bhASA aura zailI Adi ke anivArya bheda ke kAraNa una sabake kathana meM kucha-na-kucha virodha yA bheda kA dikhAI denA anivArya hai / yaha to huI una pUrNadarzI aura satyavAdI ine-gine manuSyoM kI bAta, jinheM hama sirpha kalpanA yA anumAna se samajha yA mAna sakate haiN| hamArA anubhava to sAdhAraNa manuSyoM taka parimita hai aura vaha kahatA hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSyoM meM bhI bahuta se yathArthavAdI hokara bhI apUrNadarzI hote haiM / aisI sthiti meM yathArthavAditA hone para bhI apUrNa darzana ke kAraNa aura use prakAzita karane kI apUrNa sAmagrI ke kAraNa satyapriya manuSyoM kI bhI samajha meM kabhI - kabhI bheda A jAtA hai| aura saMskAra-bheda unameM aura bhI pArasparika Takkara paidA kara detA hai / isa taraha pUrNadarzI aura apUrNadarzI sabhI satyavAdiyoM ke dvArA anta meM bheda aura virodha kI sAmagrI Apa hI Apa prastuta ho jAtI hai / yA dUsare loga unase aisI sAmagrI paidA kara lete haiN| aisI vastusthiti dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne socA ki aisA kauna-sA rAstA nikAlA jAe jisase vastu kA pUrNa yA apUrNa satyadarzana karane vAle ke sAtha anyAya na ho / apUrNa aura apane se virodhI hokara bhI yadi dUsare kA darzana satya hai, isI taraha apUrNa aura dUsare se virodhI hokara bhI yadi apanA darzana satya hai to donoM ko hI nyAya mile isakA kyA upAya hai ? isI cintana pradhAna tapasyA ne bhagavAna ko anekAnta dRSTi sujhAI, unakA satya-saMzodhana 1 - 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' zloka 59 (amRtacandra suuri)| 'atyantanizitadhAradurAsadaM jinavarasya nayacakram khaMDyati dhAryamANaM mUrdhAnaM jhaTiti durvidagdhAnAm / / "

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226 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi kA saMkalpa siddha huaa| unhoMne usa milI huI anekAnta - dRSTi kI cAbI se vaiyaktika aura sAmASTika jIvana kI vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika samasyAoM ke tAle khola diye aura samAdhAna prApta kiyA / taba unhoMne jIvanopayogI vicAra aura AcAra kA nirmANa karate samaya usa anekAnta - dRSTi ko nimnalikhita mukhya zartoM para prakAzita kiyA aura usake anusaraNa kA apane jIvana dvArA unhIM zartoM para upadeza diyA / ve zarteM isa prakAra haiM : 1 - rAga aura dveSajanya saMskAroM ke vazIbhUta na honA arthAt tejasvI madhyastha bhAva rakhanA / 2 jaba taka madhyasthabhAva kA pUrNa vikAsa na ho taba taka usa lakSya kI ora dhyAna rakhakara kevala satya kI jijJAsA rakhanA / 3 - kaise bhI virodhI bhAsamAna pakSa se na ghabarAnA aura apane pakSa kI taraha usa pakSa para bhI AdarapUrvaka vicAra karanA tathA apane pakSa para bhI virodhI pakSa kI taraha tIvra samAlocaka dRSTi rakhanA / 4- apane tathA dUsaroM ke anubhavoM meM se jo-jo ThIka aMza jace, cAhe ve virodhI hI pratIta kyoM na hoM, una sabakA viveka- prajJA se samanvaya karane kI udAratA kA abhyAsa karanA aura anubhava bar3hane para pUrva ke samanvaya meM jahA~ galatI mAlUma ho vahA~ mithyAbhimAna chor3akara sudhAra karanA aura isI krama se Age bar3hanA / 5. anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka : anekAntavAda bhAratIya darzanoM kI eka saMyojaka kar3I aura jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai / isake bIja Aja se sahasroM varSa pUrva saMbhAvita jaina AgamoM meM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya, syAdasti, syAnnAsti, dravya, guNa, paryAya, saptanaya Adi vividha rUpoM meM bikhare par3e haiM / 'siddhasena, samantabhadra Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne saptabhaMgI Adi ke rUpa meM tArkika paddhati se anekAntavAda ko eka vyavasthita rUpa diyA / tadanantara aneka AcAryoM ne isa para agAdha vAGamaya racA jo Aja bhI usake gaurava kA paricaya detA hai / vigata 1500 varSoM meM syAdavAda dArzanika jagata kA eka sajIva pahalU rahA aura Aja bhI hai 1 saMsAra ke jitane bhI vidvAna isa tarka paddhati ke paricaya meM Ate haiM, ve sabhI isa para mugdha ho jAte haiN| DaoN. harmana jekobI, DaoN. sTInakono, DaoN. TesITorI, DaoN. pArolDa, jArja barnArDa zA, jaise coTI ke pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne isa siddhAnta kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA

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rara7. samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda kI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yugadarzana-praNayana kA yuga thaa| AtmA, paraloka, svarga, mokSa, hai yA nahIM-ina praznoM kI gUMja thii| sAmAnya viSaya bhI bahuta carce jAte the| mahAtmA buddha madhyama pratipadAvAda yA vibhajyavAda ke dvArA samajhAte the| saMjaya velATThiputa nipekSavAda yA anizciyavAda kI bhASA meM bolate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pratipAdana syAdvAda ke sahAre hotA thaa| ____ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke svarUpa-nirUpaNa ke avasara para kabhI mauna dhAraNa nahIM kiyA / jaba kabhI koI jijJAsu unake samIpa AyA aura usane AtmA Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke saMbaMdha meM koI prazna pUchA taba bhagavAn ne anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para usake prazna kA samAdhAna karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna tathAgata buddha ne isa prakAra ke praznoM ko avyAkRta koTi meM DAla diyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga ke pracalita vAdoM kA adhyayana jaba kabhI hama prAcIna sAhitya kA anuzIlana karate samaya karate haiM, taba jJAta hotA hai ki eka AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM hI kisa prakAra kI vibhinna dhAraNAe~ usa yuga meM thiiN| AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra ke vibhinna vikalpa usa samaya pracalita the - AtmA hai bhI, nahIM bhI, nitya bhI, anitya bhI, kartA bhI aura akartA bhI-Adi Adi / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI anekAntamayI aura ahiMsAmayI dRSTi se apane yuga ke vibhinna vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA saphala prayala kiyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA sva-svarUpa se AtmA hai, para-svarUpa se AtmA nahIM hai| dravya-dRSTi se AtmA nitya hai, aura paryAyadRSTi se AtmA anitya hai| dravya-dRSTi se AtmA akartA hai aura paryAya dRSTi se AtmA kartA bhI hai| vastuta: vastu-svarUpa ke pratipAdana kI yaha udAra dRSTi hI anekAntavAda hai| anekAnta dRSTi kA aura anekAntavAda kA jaba hama bhASA ke mAdhyama se kathana karate haiM taba usa bhASA-prayoga ko syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai| anekAntavAda kA AdhAra hai, saptanaya aura saptabhaMgI kA AdhAra hai saptabhaMga eMva saptavikalpa / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAda kI bhASA kA AviSkAra karake dArzanika jagata kI viSamatA ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha ahiMsAmUlaka anekAnta dRSTi aura ahiMsAmUlaka saptabhaMgI jaina darzanakI AdhAra-zilA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt vibhinna yugoM me honevAle jaina AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para anekAntavAda aura syAdavAda kI yugAnukUla vyAkhyA karake use

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228 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi pallavita aura puSpita kiyA hai| isa kSetra meM sabase adhika aura sabase pahale anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko vizada rUpa dene kA prayatna AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne tathA AcArya samantabhadra ne kiyA thaa| ukta donoM AcAryoM ne apane-apane yuga meM upasthita honevAle samagra dArzanika praznoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena ne apane "sanmatitarka" nAmaka graMtha meM saptanayoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA hai / jabaki AcArya samantabhadra ne apane "AptamImAMsA' graMtha meM saptabhaMgI kA sUkSma vizleSaNa aura vivecana kiyA hai| madhya yuga meM isI kArya ko AcArya haribhadra aura AcArya akalaMkadeva ne Age bddh'aayaa| navyanyAyayuga meM vAcaka yazovijaya jI ne anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda para navyanyAya-zailI meM tarkagraMtha likhakara donoM siddhAMtoM ko ajeya banAne kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se prApta mUla dRSTi ko uttarakAla ke AcAryoM ne apane yuga kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karate hue vikasita kiyA hai| ___ koI bhI padArtha syAdvAda kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA - "AdIdhmAvyoma samasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrAnatimedi vastu" ___ - anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA anekAntavAda kA AdhAra na liyA jAe to vyAvahArika aura dArzanika donoM dRSTiyoM se kAphI ulajhaneM khar3I ho jAtI haiN| eka hAthI ko dekhane vAle sAta andhoM kA dRSTAnta syAdvAda ke samarthana ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| eka vyakita kavi hai, lekhaka hai, vaktA hai, kalAkAra hai, citrakAra hai, saMgItakAra hai, aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA hai / kavitA-goSThI meM usakA kavi rUpa sAmane AtA hai usa samaya usakI dUsarI vizeSatAe~ samApta nahIM ho jAtI para eka samaya meM eka vizeSatA kI hI carcA hotI hai| usake lie koI yaha kahe ki yaha kavi hI hai, isa kathana meM satyatA nahIM rhtii| isalie syAdvAda ko samajhane vAlA vyakti kahegA - syAd yaha kavi hai| eka apekSA se yaha kavi hai kintu anya apekSAoM se vaktA, lekhaka Adi bhI hai, jinakI carcA kA yahA~ prasaMga nahIM hai| vartamAna meM jo vizeSatA carcA kA viSaya hotI hai, vaha pradhAna bana jAtI hai aura anya vizeSatAe~ gauNa ho jAtI haiN| isa dRSTi se syAd zabda paripUrNa satya kA vAcaka bana jAtA hai|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 229 apUrNa satya vyakti ke mana meM bhrama utpanna kara detA hai| usake AdhAra para vaha sahI yA galata kA nirNaya nahIM kara pAtA / eka vastu hai aura use jAnane yA dekhane vAle aneka haiM / sabake pAsa apanI-apanI dRSTiyA~ haiM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se samajhI huI vastu kA svarUpa eka samAna nahIM ho sktaa| eka himAlaya parvata ke bAre meM cAra vyaktiyoM kI bhinnabhinna dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para Apa isa tathya ko adhika spaSTatA se samajha sakate haiN| cAra parvatArohI himAlaya kI evaresTa coTI para pahu~ce / cAroM vyakti cAra sthAnoM meM khar3e the| vahA~ se unhoMne himAlaya parvata ke citra liye| cAroM apane-apane citra lekara logoM se mile / unhoMne sabako citra dikhAe aura kahA himAlaya aisA hai / cAroM citroM meM asamAnatA thI / pratyeka parvatArohI apane citra ko sahI batA rahA thaa| darzaka loga ulajhana meM par3a gae / Akhira eka vyakti ne sabakI ulajhana samApta karate hue batAyA kI ye cAroM citra himAlaya ke haiN| cU~ki ye bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se lie gae haiM, isalie inameM bhinnatA svAbhAvika hai / amuka sthAna para khar3e hone se jo dRzya dikhAI detA hai, vaha dUsare sthAna se dRSTigocara nahIM ho sktaa| dRSTikoNa kI bhinnatA se tathyoM meM bhinnatA A jAtI hai| Apa cAroM vyakti sahI haiN| cAroM ke citra himAlaya ke citra haiM para inake sAtha sthAna vizeSa kI vivakSA jor3anI hogii| uparyukta udAharaNa syAdvAda kA bodha karAne meM sahAyaka hai| eka vastu ko hama bhinnabhinna dRSTiyoM se dekheMge to usake svarUpa meM antara nizcita rhegaa| isa antara ko samajhane ke lie una-una dRSTiyoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai aura yahI syAdvAda hai| jaina darzana meM isakA sthAna bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai, isalie visadRza bhI hai aura sadRza bhI hai| eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se visadRza hotA hai, isalie ki unake saba guNa samAna nahIM hote| ve donoM sadRza bhI hote haiM, isalie ki unake aneka guNa samAna bhI hote haiN| cetana guNa kI dRSTi se jIva pudgala se bhinna hai to astitva aura prameyatva guNa kI apekSA vaha pudgala se abhinna bhI hai| koI bhI padArtha dUsare padArtha se na sarvathA bhinna hai, aura na sarvathA abhinna, kintu bhinnAbhinna hai / vaha vizeSa guNa kI dRSTi se bhinna hai aura 1 - 'anyayogavyavacchedikA', zloka 25 syAnAzi nityaM sadRzaM virUpaM, vAcpaM na vAcyaM sdsttdev| vipazcitAM nAtha ! vipati tattvaMH sudhodagatodgAraparaMpareyam / /

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230 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sAmAnya guNa kI dRSTi se abhinna / ' bhagavatI sUtra hameM batAtA hai "jIva pudgala bhI hai aura pudgalI bhI hai| zarIra AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna bhI hai| zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI hai, sacitta bhI hai aura acitta bhI hai|" ____ jIva kI pudgala saMjJA hai, isalie vaha pudgala hai / vaha paudgalika indriya sahita hai, pudgala kA upabhoktA hai, isalie pudgalI hai; athavA jIva aura pudgala meM nimittanaimittika bhAva hai| saMsArI dazA meM jIva ke nimitta se pudgala kI pariNati hotI hai aura pudgala ke nimitta se jIva kI pariNati hotI hai, isalie pudgalI hai| zarIra AtmA ke paudgalika sukha-du:kha kI anubhUti kA sAdhana banatA hai, isalie vaha usase abhinna hai / AtmA cetana hai| kAya acetana hai / vaha punarbhavI hai, kAya ekabhavI hai| isalie ye donoM bhinna haiN| sthUla zarIra kI apekSA vaha rUpI hai aura apane svarUpa kI apekSA vaha arUpI hai| zarIra AtmA se kvacit apRthakka bhI hai, isa dRSTi se jIvita zarIra cetana hai| vaha pRthak bhI hai isa dRSTi se acetana, mRta zarIra acetana hotA hI hai| yaha pRthvI syAt hai, syAt nahIM hai aura syAt avaktavya hai / vastu sva-dRSTi se hai, para-dRSTi se nahIM hai, isalie vaha sat-asat ubhaya rUpa hai / eka kAla meM dharma kI apekSA vastu vaktavya hai aura eka kAla meM aneka dharmoM kI apekSA vastu avaktavya hai| isalie vaha ubhaya rUpa hai| jisa rUpameM sat hai , usa rUpa meM sat hI hai aura jisa rUpa meM asat hai usa rUpa meM asat hI hai| vaktavya-avaktavya kA bhI yahI rUpa banatA hai| ___upaniSada meM eka ziSya ne guru se pUchA - "he bhagavan ! aisI kauna-sI vastu hai jisake jJAna se vastumAtra kA jJAna ho jAya ?" (muNDaka 1-1-3) aisA hI eka prazna pUchanevAle dUsare vidyArthI zvetaketu ko usake pitA AruNi ne kahA : miTTI ke eka loMde ko jAna lene se miTTI se banI huI sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai - ekena mRtpiNDena vijJAtena mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAt / (chAMdogya -6-1-4) jaina dharma ne vaha bAta to batAI so batAI kintu sAtha hI meM usase phalita honevAle eka upasiddhAnta kA bhI nirmANa kiyA aura syAdvAda kA svarUpa-varNana karate hue kahA ki jo eka padArtha ko sarvathA jAnatA hai vaha sabhI padArthoM ko sarvathA jAnatA hai| jo sarva padArthoM 1. bhagavatI 8/499 2. vahI 13/128 3. vahI 13/128

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 231 ko sarvathA jAnatA hai vaha eka padArtha ko bhI sarvathA jAnatA hai / ____ "eko bhAva: sarvathA yena dRSTaH sarve bhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTAH / sarve bhAvA: sarvathA yena dRSTAH eko bhAva: sarvathA tena dRSTaH // " arthAt sabhI padArthoM ko unake sabhI sthAnAntaroM sahita jAnane vAlA sarvajJa hI eka padArtha ko pUrNa rUpa se jAna sakatA hai / sAmAnya vyakti eka bhI padArtha ko pUrA nahIM jAna sktaa| aisI avasthA meM amuka vyakti ne amuka bAta mithyA kahI, aisA kahane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM / yaha adhikAra to sarvajJa ko hI hai| vyakti kA padArtha viSayaka jJAna adhUrA hotA hai, ata: yadi koI apane adhUre jJAna ko pUrNa jJAna ke rUpa meM dUsaroM ke sAmane rakhane kA sAhasa karatA ho aura vahI saccA aura dUsare saba jhUThe, aisA kahatA ho to hama use itanA avazya kaha sakate hai ki "tuma apanI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kara rahe ho|" isase adhika hama use kucha nahIM kaha sakate / jaina-darzana pratipAdita "syAdvAda" siddhAnta se aisA phalita hotA hai / - anekAntavAda kI isa viziSTatA ko hRdayaMgama karake hI jaina dArzanikoM ne use apane vicAra kA mUlAdhAra banAyA hai / vastuta: vaha samasta dArzanikoM kA jIvana hai, prANa hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI samanvayAtmaka udAra bhAvanA kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai -ekAnta vastugata dharma nahIM, kintu buddhigata kalpanA hai| jaba buddhi zuddha hotI hai to ekAnta kA nAma-nizAna nahIM rahatA / dArzanikoM kI bhI samasta dRSTiyA~ anekAnta dRSTi meM usI prakAra vilIna ho jAtI haiM jaise vibhinna dizAoM se AnevAlI saritAe~ sAgara meM ekAkAra ho jAtI hai| prasiddha viddhAna upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai - 'saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM kara sktaa| vaha ekanayAtmaka darzanoM ko isa prakAra vAtsalya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai jaise koI pitA apane putroM ko dekhatA hai| anekAntavAdI na kisI ko nyUna aura na kisI ko adhika samajhatA hai - usakA sabake prati samabhAva hotA hai| vAstava meM saccA zAstrajJa kahalAne kA adhikArI vahI hai jo anekAntavAda kA avalambana lekara samasta darzanoM para samabhAva rakhatA ho / madhyasthabhAva rahane para zAstra 1. udadhAviva sarva sindhavaH, samudIrNAstvayi nAtha ! dRssttyH| na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate, avibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhiH / / - siddhsen|

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232 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA koTi-koTi zAstroM ko par3ha lene para bhI koI lAbha nahIM hotaa| haribhadrasUri ne likhA hai - AgrahazIla vyakti yuktiyoM ko usI jagaha khIMcatAna karake le jAnA cAhatA hai jahA~ pahale se usakI buddhi jamI huI hai, magara pakSapAta se rahita madhyastha puruSa apanI buddhi kA niveza vahIM karatA hai jahA~ yuktiyA~ use le jAtI haiN| anekAnta darzana yahI sikhAtA hai ki yukti-siddha vastu-svarUpa ko hI zuddha buddhi se svIkAra karanA caahie| buddhikA yahI vAstavika phala hai| jo ekAnta ke prati AgrahazIla hai aura dUsare satyAMga ko svIkAra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai, vaha tattva rUpI navanIta nahIM pA sakatA / gopI navanIta tabhI pAtI hai jaba vaha mathAnI kI rassI ke eka chora ko khIMcatI hai aura dUsare chora ko DhIlA chor3atI hai| agara vaha eka hI chora ko khIMce aura dUsare ko DhIlA na chor3e to navanIta nahIM nikala sktaa| isI prakAra jaba eka dRSTikoNa ko gauNa karake dUsare dRSTikoNa ko pradhAna rUpa se vikasita kiyA jAtA hai tabhI satya kA amRta hAtha lagatA hai| ataeva ekAnta ke gandale pokhara se dUra raha kara anekAnta ke zItala svaccha sarovara meM avagAhana karanA hI ucita hai / syAdvAda kA udAra dRSTikoNa apanAne se samasta darzanoM kA sahaja hI samanvaya sAdhA jA sakatA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa kiyA hai, "syAvAda aura kevalajJAna donoM hI vastutattva ke prakAzaka haiN| bheda itanA hI hai ki kevalajJAna vastu kA sAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai jabaki 1. yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tanayeSviva / tasya'nekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhikazemuSI tena syAdvAdmAlambya srvdrshntulytaam| mokSoddezA vizeSeNa ya: pazyati sa zAstravit / / mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArtho yena tatcAru siddhayati / / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyad bAlizavalganam / / mAdhyasthasahitaM hokapadajJAnamapi prmaa| zAstra koTipRthaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / / " 2. AgrahI bata ninISati yuktiM / yatra tatra matirasya niviSTA / / pakSapAtarahisya tu yukti: yajJa tatra matireti nivezam / / 3. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vastutatvamitareNa antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAnanetramiva gopI / / - jJAnassAra : upAdhyAya yazovijaya

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233 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda syAvAda zruta hone se asAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai|'' syAdvAda kA suvyavasthita nirUpaNa jaina-darzana ne kiyA, yaha ThIka hai, kintu yaha niyama to jagat jitanA hI prAcIna tathA vyApaka hai / malliSeNa ke kathanAnusAra syAdvAda saMsAravijayI aura niSkaNTaka rAjA hai "evaM vijayina niSkaNTake syAdvAdamahAnarendre' isa siddhAnta kA ullekha Rgveda taka meM milatA hai "ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti' / (Rgveda 164.46) eka hI sat tattva kA vipra vividha prakAra se varNana karate haiM - yaha syAdvAda kA bIja-vAkya hai / jaina darzana kI dRSTi ke anusAra eka hI padArtha ke viparIta varNana apanIapanI dRSTise sacce haiM / pAribhASika zabdoM meM kahA jAya to pratyeka padArtha meM "viruddhadharmAzrayatva" hai| isa prakAra kA paraspara virodhI varNana upaniSada meM bhI eka jagaha AtA hai| AtmA ke viSaya meM upaniSadakAra kahate haiM "vaha calatA hai, vaha sthira hai, vaha dUra hai, vaha samIpa hai, vaha sarvAntargata hai, vaha sabhI se bAhara hai" - "tadejati tannejati tadre tadantike / tadantarasya sarvasya tadsarvasyAsya bAhyata: / " Iza - 5 ___sokreTIsa ko apane jJAna kI apUrNatA kA,-usakI alpatA kA pUrA bhAna thaa| isa maryAdA ke bhAna ko hI usane jJAna athavA buddhimattA kahA hai| vaha kahatA thA ki meM jJAnI hU~ kyoMki meM jAnatA hU~ ki maiM ajJa huuN| dUsare jAnI nahIM haiM kyoMki ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki ve ajJa haiN| svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI se pUchA gayA "Apa vidvAna haiM yA avidvAna ?" svAmI jI ne kahA "dArzanika kSetra meM vidvAna aura vyApArika kSetra meM avidvAna / ' yaha anekAntavAda nahIM to kyA hai ? pleTo ne isa syAdvAda athavA sApekSavAdakA nirUpaNa vistAra se kiyaa| usane kahA ki hama loga mahAsAgara ke kinAre khelanevAle una baccoM ke samAna haiM jo apanI sIpiyoM se sAgara ke pUre pAnI ko nApanA cAhate haiM / hama una sIpiyoM se mahodadhi kA pAnI khAlI nahIM kara sakate phira bhI apanI choTI-choTI sIpiyoM meM jo pAnI ikaTThA karanA cAhate haiM vaha usa arNava ke pAnI kA hI eka aMza hai isameM koI saMzaya nhiiN| usane aura bhI kahA hai ki bhautika padArtha sampUrNa sat aura asat ke bIca ke ardhasat jagat meM rahate haiN| 1. syAdvAdakevalajJAne vastutattvaprakAzane bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca hAvastvanyatamaM bhaveta // AptamImAMsA, 10. 2. sI.I. ema joDa-philosophI phora Avara TAimsa, pR. 49

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi jaina kI taraha usane bhI jagata ko sadasat kahate hueM yaha samajhAyA ki nyAyI vRkSa, pakSI, athavA manuSya Adi "haiM" aura "nahIM haiM" arthAt eka dRSTi se "haiM" aura anya dRSTi se "nahIM haiM" "athavA " eka samaya meM " haiM" aura dUsare samaya meM nahIM haiM athavA nyUna yA adhika haiM, athavA parivartana yA vikAsa kI kriyA se gujara rahe haiN| sat aura asat donoM ke mizraNa rUpase haiM athavA sat aura asat ke bIca meM haiN|' usakI vyAkhyA ke anusAra nitya vastu kA Akalana athavA pUrNa - Akalana " sAyansa" (vidyA) hai aura asat athavA avidyamAna vastu kA Akalana athavA saMpUrNa ajJAna " nesyansa" (avidyA) hai, kintu indriyagocara jagat sata aura asat ke bIca kA hai| isIlie usakA Akalana bhI " sAyansa " tathA " nesyansa" ke bIca kA hai| isake lie usane " opiniyana " zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / usake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki " noleja" kA artha pUrNa jJAna hai, aura " opiniyana" kA artha aMza jJAna hai| usane " opiniyana kI vyAkhyA " saMbhAvanA viSayaka vizvAsa" ( Trust in probabilities) bhI kI hai - arthAt jisa vyakti meM apane aMza-jJAna yA alpa jJAna kA bhAna jagA huA hotA hai vaha namratA se pada-pada para kahatA hai ki aisA honA bhI saMbhava hai - mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai / isIlie syAdvAdI pada = pada para apane kathana ko maryAdita karatA hai / syAdavAdI jiddI kI taraha yaha nahIM kahatA ki meM hI saccA hU~ aura bAkI jhUThe haiN| luI phizara ne gA~dhIjI kA eka vAkya likhA hai - "maiM svabhAva se hI samajhautA-pasanda vyakti hU~ kyoMki maiM hI saccA hU~ aisA mujhe kabhI vizvAsa nahIM hotA / " " 3 99 234 isalie sabhI dharma aura sabhI darzana jaisA ki gA~dhIjIne kahA hai, saca to haiM, kintu adhUre haiM arthAt pratyeka meM satya kA nyUnAdhika aMza hai| kisI eka meM sampUrNa satya nahIM hai| Tenisana ne kahA hai ki sabhI dharma aura darzana Izvara ke hI sphuliMga haiM kintu satyanArAyaNa svayaM una sabhI meM baddha na hokara, unase dazAMgula U~cA hI rahatA hai / 4 "They are but broken dish of thee And thou o Lord ! art More than they "" 1. erika leana - pleTo - pR. 60 2. vahI, pR. 64 3. I am essentially a man of compromise because I am never sure I am right." - Louis Fischer - "The great Challenge" 4. Rgveda 10-9-1 5. In Memoriam

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 235 gA~dhIjI ne 1933 I. meM DaoN. paTTAbhi se kahA thA ki jaba maiM kisI manuSya ko salAha detA hU~ taba apanI dRSTi se nahIM kintu usIkI dRSTi se detA huuN| isake lie maiM apane ko usake sthAna meM rakhane kA prayatna karatA huuN| jahA~ maiM yaha kriyA nahIM kara sakatA vahA~ salAha dene se inkAra kara detA huuN|| "I advise a man not from my standpoint but from his. I try to put myself in his shoes. When I cannot do so, I refuse to advise.? isa prakAra kI dekhane-socane kI Adata pratyeka viSaya meM ho to hameM bahuta sI vastue~ anokhe svarUpa meM hI dikhAI deNgii| isakA eka udAharaNa detI hU~ - "strI kI buddhi hamezA tuccha hI hotI hai|" ityAdi striyoM kI hInatA dikhAnevAle aneka vacana puruSoM ne likhe haiN| striyoM kI tArkika zakti puruSoM ke samAna nahIM hai, yaha saca hai| viliyama heliTa ne kahA hai striyA~ mithyA tarka nahIM karatI kyoMki ve tarka karanA jAnatI hI nahIM women do not reason wrong for they do not reason at all. kintu A~kha ke darzanamAtra se puruSa ke hRdaya kI parIkSA karane kI jo zakti strI meM hai vaha puruSa meM nahIM hai| yaha bhI saca hai ki puruSa meM buddhi kA aura strI meM bhAvanA kA prAdhAnya hai| purAnA sthAna chor3akara nayA sthAna svIkRta karanA puruSa ke lie sahaja nahIM hai, purAne kI mamatA chor3anA puruSoM ke lie sarala nahIM hai, kintu strI ? vaha eka sthAna tathA kuTumba kI mAyA mamatA-chor3a kara kisI anya sthAna tathA anajAna parakIya vyaktiyoM ko sahaja hI meM svakIya banA letI hai / : When crowned with blessings She doth rise To Take her latest leave of home, As parting with a long embrace, She enters other realms of love." isa kriyA ko bhI vaha sahaja tathA sarasa rUpa se karatI hai| vahI strI mAtA hone ke 1. More Conversations of Gandhiji - by Chandra Shankar Shukla. 2. More Conversations of Gandhihiji -By Chandra Shankar Shukla 3. In Memoriam - 39 - Tennyson

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi bAda kitanI badala jAtI hai aura vidhavA hone ke bAda sabhI vastra tathA AbhUSaNoM ko, mauja aura zauka ko sarpa kI keMculI kI bhA~ti utAra kara pheMka dene meM eka kSaNa kI bhI dera nahIM karatI / bhAvanAoM ke itane parivartanoM kA eka hI jIvana meM anubhava karanA sAmAnya bAta nahIM hai| saMsAra meM yadi sacamuca kahIM jAdU hai to vaha strI ke hRdaya meM hI hai / gA~dhIjI kahate the ki mere andara strI-hRdaya hai| isIlie unhoMne strI-vikAsa meM kAphI yoga diyaa| aneka striyA~ apanA sukha-du:kha ni:saMkoca unake sAmane kaha sakatI thiiN| syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAda kisI bhI viSaya ke do antoM ko chor3akara zAnti kA madhyama mArga grahaNa karane kA Adeza detA hai| syAdvAda kA artha yahI hai ki sadguNa ke aneka rUpa haiM / sAdhu kI tapasyA, satI kA satItva, bAlaka kI nirdoSatA, subhaTa kA zaurya Adi sabhI ke lie saMsAra meM sthAna hai| syAdvAdI ina sabhI kA sammAna kara sakatA hai / vaha yadi nisargapremI ho to varSAkAla kI varSA, zarada Rtu kI zItalatA aura grISmakAla kA Atapa ina sabhI avasthAoM kA Ananda le sakatA hai| kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki prAkRtika racanA meM ina sabako sthAna hai, sabhI kA upayoga hai| inameM se kisI bhI Rtu kI viparItatA se anya Rtue~ bhI vikRta ho jAtI haiM / jo kucha anubhava meM Aye usake sAtha samarasa hone kA prayAsa karanA, yahI syAdvAda kI pravRtti kA cihna hai / syAdvAdI apane virodhiyoM ke kathana kA unhIM kI dRSTi se Adara kara sakatA hai, yadyapi vaha usase sarvathA sammata na bhI ho / dadhi (dUdhavAlI) Dhulamula nIti kI nindA kI jAtI hai, kintu vaha sadaiva ke lie avaguNa hI hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dadhi aura dUdha donoM ke guNa jAnanevAlA yadi prakRti-bheda ke kAraNa dadhi nahIM khA sakatA to bhI vaha usake guNa kI upekSA nahIM kara sakatA / vaha yaha samajhatA hai ki pratyeka vastu yA kArya apane hI samucita sthala-kAla-saMyoga meM suzobhita hotA hai| yadi anucita kAlAdi saMyogoM meM rakhA jAye to nindApAtra, kurUpa yA jugupsita ho jAtA hai| isIlie "maile" zabda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai - asthAna meM rakhA huA padArtha / (Matter misplaced is dirt) ataeva koI bhI vastu yA kArya svataMtra rUpa se asundara yA nirupayogI nahIM hotA / tyAjya mala bhI jaba jamIna meM gAr3A jAtA hai taba vaha bahumUlya khAda ke rUpa meM kRSi ke lie puSTikAraka padArtha bana jAtA hai| __ ataeva Dhulamula nIti jaise chichore AkSepoM kA jokhima uThAkara bhI syAdvAda sApekSavAda arthAt rileTiviTI kA siddhAnta paraspara viruddha dIkhanevAlI vastuoM kA ekatra-samarthana

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 237 karatA hai aura paraspara virodhI vastuoM ke saMmizraNa kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki manuSya meM aura samAja meM prema Avazyaka hai aura vairAgya bhI Avazyaka hai / komalatA cAhie aura kaThoratA bhI cAhie; chUTa cAhie aura maryAdA bhI caahie| praNAlikA-rakSaNa aura praNAlikA-bhaMga donoM Avazyaka haiM / yadi vastutaH dekhA jAya to yahI salAha saccI hai / 1 udAharaNa ke taura para prema aura vairAgya paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM, apitu eka hI sikke ke do bAjU haiN| prema meM jaba vairAgya kI mAtrA ho tabhI vaha saccA prema ho sakatA hai, anyathA vaha kevala moha yA Asakti rUpa bana jAyegA / "tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH " -tyAga karake bhoga karo / upaniSada ke isa vAkya meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| dUsarI ora vairAgya bhI prema se anuraMjita hone para hI suzobhita hotA hai, aura suphaladAyaka banatA hai| anyathA vaha manuSya ke hRdaya ko zuSka vIrAna banA detA hai / strI- putrAdi ke sAtha kalaha karake yadi saMsAra - tyAga kiyA ho to vaha vairAgya nahIM hai| siddhArtha kA yazodharA se asIma sneha thA isI se unakA gRha-tyAga mahAbhiniSkramaNa kahA gayA aura usImeM se "Atmano hitAya jagataH sukhAya ca" isa prakAra kA saMsAra ke lie eka upayogI sandeza prakaTa huA / 1 syAdvAda athavA sApekSavAda se yaha bAta phalita hotI hai ki koI bhI guNa jaba taka apanI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA, guNa rahatA hai, kintu yadi usameM nyUnatA yA atizayatA A jAya to vaha doSa ho jAtA hai| yahI madhyama mArga hai| gItA meM bhI kahA hai ki samatva hI yoga hai| maiDema bleveTskI ne santulana (Equilibrium) rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai / kintu jIvana meM sadguNa kI sAdhanA karanA aura sAtha hI sAtha santulana kI rakSA karanA rassI para nAcane se kama nahIM hai| jIvana kA lolaka jaba taka hilatA rahatA hai taba taka vaha bIca kI samatva sthiti se Age yA pIche hI rahatA hai / bIca kI sthiti meM to kevala eka kSaNa ke lie hI AtA hai yadi vaha usa sthiti meM hamezA ke lie sthira ho jAya to jIvana kI ghar3I hI banda ho jAya / ataH jIvana kI gati satata santulana bigAr3ane vAlI hI eka kriyA hai, tathApi jIvana kI gati ko calAte hue santulana kI rakSA karanA yahI manuSya kA sAdhya hai| U~ce laTakAye gaye tarAjU ke donoM palaDoM ko sthira rakhane kI kriyA ke samAna yaha mArga dharma-sAdhana kI dRSTi se hI nahIM apitu saphala evaM sarala vyavahAra ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai / saMsAra meM koI bhI manuSya sarvasadguNoM kA samAna bhAva se anuzIlana nahIM kara sakatA / 1. IzopaniSadaH / Bain Education International

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238 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi . deza-kAla kA vAtAvaraNa, AnuvaMzika saMskAra tathA pUrvajanma se prApta evaM isa janma meM vikasita vRtti ina sabhI sImAoM ke anusAra hI vaha bhinna-bhinna guNoM kA anuzIlana kara sakatA hai| usakI zaktiyoM ke vikAsa meM bhI isI prakAra kA tAratamya A jAtA hai| prakRti kA gurutvAkarSaNa sarvatra saMtulita hai| ata: eka guNa yA zakti kI nyUnatA yA adhikatA hone para usake pUraka guNa yA zakti usI parimANameM kama yA adhika hote haiM / eka indriya ke kamajora hone para dUsarI adhika balavAna hotI hai| eka ke adhika balavAna hone para dUsarI manda ho jAtI hai| isake uparAnta manuSya kI jo vizeSatA eka dRSTi se guNarUpa pratibhAsita hotI hai vahI anya dRSTi se doSarUpa dikhAI detI hai| lekI ne apane hisTrI oNpha yuropIyana moralsa me isakA eka udAharaNa diyA hai ki jo udAra hotA hai vaha kharcIlA dIkhatA hai aura jo manuSya karakasarapUrvaka kharca karatA hai vaha kaMjUsa dIkhatA hai / isI prakAra strI kA prema saMkucita hai kyoki vaha ananya hai, usakA mana anyatra nahIM jAtA yahI usakI zobhA hai| nadI kA pravAha jahA~ gaharA hotA hai vahA~ saMkarA aura jahA~ vistRta hotA hai vahA~ chichalA hotA hI hai| yahI bAta strI ke prema ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanI caahie| jisa prema ke bala se antara kA pratyeka tAra hila uThatA hai, vaha prema eka hI sAtha kitane vyaktiyoM meM bahAyA jA sakatA hai ? imarasana ise " Law of Compensation" -kSatipUrti kA niyama kahA hai| isa viSaya kA usakA jo nibandha hai vaha syAdvAda viSayaka hI hai| usameM usane likhA hai ki hamArI zakti apanI nirbalatA se hI utpanna hotI hai| (Our strength grows out of our weakness) pratyeka miThAsa meM khaTAI kA aMza hotA hI hai aura pratyeka burAI meM bhalAI kA pakSa bhI rahatA hI hai Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. phrAsisa Tomasana ne bhI kahA hai ki mAdhurya meM zoka aura zoka meM mAdhurya samAviSTa hI The sweetness in the sad and the sadness in the sweet. yahI samajha hameM bahuta AzvAsana detI hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu isase hameM dUsaroM meM jo doSa dikhAI dete haiM unameM bhI guNoM kA darzana hone lagatA hai| e. jI. gArDinara ne apane eka nibandha meM kisI eka phreMca lekhaka kA uddharaNa diyA hai| usameM usane likhA hai ki jona aura smitha milate haiM taba vastuta: cha: vyaktiyoM kA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 239 milana hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- jona ke apane mana meM jona kA khuda kA citra, smitha ke mana meM jona kA citra, Izvara kI dRSTi meM jona kA citra (John as John knows himself John as Smith knows him, Johh as God knows him.). - isI prakAra tIna smitha / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki hama apane ko yA kisI anya ko sampUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAna skte| yaha samajha eka ora hameM anya ke prati udAra bananA sikhAtI hai aura anya ke dvArA honevAlI TIkA ke prati sahiSNu bananA sikhAtI hai / arthAt anya ke darpaNa meM hamArA jo pratibimba hai use dekhane kI zikSA detI hai / upaniSada meM kahA hai ki mana ko bar3A rakho, vaha vrata hai 'mahAmanA syAt tad vratam / " isIko senTa paoNla ne "" charity" kahA aura use zraddhA tathA AzA se bhI bar3A pada diyA " - And now abideth faith, hope, charity these three; but the greatest of these is charity. isI charity ko gItA meM " Atmaupamya" kahA hai aura dhammapada meM jisake viSaya meM "attAnaM upamaM katvA" aisA kahA gayA hai / kintu guNoM ke viSaya meM Upara jo kucha kahA gayA hai usakA kahIM anartha na ho, isa meM dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara itanA-sA spaSTIkaraNa kara denA cAhatI hU~ ki pApa va puNya koI bheda nahIM hai aura " rAmAya svasti" "rAvaNAya svasti" kahanA eka hI bAta haiM - aisA syAdvAda kA artha nahIM hai / jo tAratamya hai vaha guNotkarSa kI apekSA se hai| isI ke sAtha itanA aura samajhanA cAhie ki kaI bAra pApa-puNya kA nirNaya karanA jarA aTapaTAsA ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra kaI bAra vyakti anicchA hone para bhI vivaza hokara pApa karatA hai / hama svayaM bhI aisA hI karate haiN| isase gA~dhIjI ne yaha phalitArtha nikAlA ki pApa kA tiraskAra karanA cAhie, pApI kA nahIM / pApa para dayA karake use puNya kI koTi meM rakhane se anartha hI hotA hai / isalie itihAsakAra ko aitihAsika vyakti ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana karane kI jo salAha lArDa ekTana ne dI hai vaha ThIka hai, kyoMki nyAya vyakti kA nahIM apitu usake kAryoM kA hotA hai / jIvana meM anubhava (Experience) aura tarka (Reason) donoM kI bhinna bhinna dRSTiyA~ haiM / anubhava kI dRSTi se dekhane para mAlUma hotA hai ki prakRti ne jagat ke samAna jIvana meM bhI bAr3a khar3I nahIM kI hai| jIvana meM to teja aura chAyA (Light and shade) hai athavA jaina darzana ke kathanAnusAra taratama bhAva hai / bAr3eM yA dIvAreM to tarka ne khar3I kI haiN|

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240 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi kisI samaya manuSya eka zikhara para khar3A rahakara bolatA hai aura kabhI dUsare para / kintu vaha eka-eka vAkya ke pIche yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki isa samaya maiM amuka zikhara se bola rahA huuN| vyavahAra calAne ke lie isI prakAra kI gati Avazyaka hai| anubhava kahatA hai ki jo vastu ThaMDI hai vaha garama bhI hai| tarka kahatA hai ki vastu yA to ThaMDI hI hai yA garama hI hai| ThaMDI aura garama ekasAtha nahIM ho sktii| isIlie anubhava aura tarka kA virodha aparihArya hai| manuSya bhinna-bhinna samaya meM bhinna-bhinna zikhara para khar3A rahakara bolatA hai| ata: usake kathana meM paraspara virodha honA svAbhAvika hai| aisI avasthA meM kisI vyakti ke vacanoM meM paraspara asaMgati batAkara usakA khaMDana karane kA Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai| kintu khaMDana karanevAle ke apitu vyaktimAtra ke kathana meM bhI paraspara virodha hotA hI hai| isalie hameM isa prakAra ke AkSepa se nahIM ghabarAnA caahie| ____isa nirUpaNa se do bAteM phalita hotI haiM -eka to yaha ki saMsAra meM kucha bhI asaMkIrNa nahIM hai - saba saMkIrNa hai-mizra hai| kisI bhI prazna kA eka nidAna nahIM hai aura na eka upacAra hI hai| jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra yA aMga liyA jAya usameM indradhanuSa ke samAna vividha raMgo kA mizraNa hotA hai| yaha jAnakara hama vividhatA aura mizraNa se vyAkula nahIM hote / vividhatA prakRti ko priya hai| yahI usakI lIlA hai| taba hama vividhatA ke avalokana se rasa prApta karane ke bajAya vyAkula kyoM hoM ? lekI ne kahA hai ki jIvana kavitA nahIM hai, itihAsa hai "Life is histrory and not poetry" isakA artha yaha nahIM kI jIvana meM kavitA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai apitu isakA Azaya yahI hai ki saMsAra meM kucha bhI sIdhA aura sarala nahIM hotaa| sarvatra utAra - caDhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| usameM aneka virodhI bala eka hI sAtha kArya karate haiM usameM eka hI kAla meM Urdhva gati aura adho gati donoM haiN| aisI pecIdA sthiti meM kyA kartavya hai aura kyA akartavya hai, isakA nirNaya karanA bahuta kaThina hai| isIlie gItA meM kahA hai ki kyA karma hai aura kyA akarma hai, isakA nirNaya karane meM jJAnI bhI bhrAnta ho jAte haiM (ki karma kimakarmeti kavayo'pyatra mohitaa:)| gA~dhIjI ne kahA hai ki jIvana kA mArga sIdhA nahIM hai usameM bahuta ulajhaneM haiN| vaha relagAr3I nahIM ki eka bAra calane para barAbara daur3atI hI jAya "Life is not one straight road. There are too many complexities in it. It is not like a train which once started keeps on running.'' 1.C.P. Shukla - "Conversation of Gandhiji p. 10 .

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241 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jitane bhI matabheda haiM unakA adhikAMza to dRSTibheda aura eka hI vastu ke bhinna-bhinna aMgoM para bhAra dene ke kAraNa haiN| jo vyakti jagat kI ekatA kI khoja meM lagA ho use vividhatA kI upekSA karanI par3atI hai| usa vividhatA ko use 'pazyannapi na pazyati' karanI par3atI hai| jaina darzana kyoMki anekAntadarzana hai aura anekAntadarzana meM pratyeka vastu ko ananta dharmAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA yathArtha bodha pramANa aura naya se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| pramANa kA artha hai jisake dvArA padArtha kA samyak parijJAna ho / jaina darzana ke anusAra pramANa kA lakSaNa hai "sva-para-vyavasAyijJAnaM pramANam' arthAt sva aura para kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai| jaina darzana usI jJAna ko pramANa mAnatA hai jo apane Apako bhI jAne aura apane se bhinna para-padArthoM ko bhI jAne aura vaha bhI nizcayAtmaka evaM yathArtha rUpa meM / pramANa-vAkya sakalAdeza hai, kyoMki usase samagra dharmAtmaka vastu kA pradhAna rUpa se bodha hotA hai| anekAntavAda kA AdhAra saptanaya hai| pramANa se gRhIta anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI bhI eka dharma kA mukhya rUpa se jJAna honA naya hai| kisI eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM bhinnabhinna manuSyoM ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa ho sakate haiN| ye dRSTikoNa hI naya haiM - yadi ve paraspara sApekSa haiM to / paraspara viruddha dikhane vAle vicAroM ke mUla kAraNoM kA zodha karate hue una sabakA samanvaya karanevAlA zAstra nayavAda hai / naya-vAkya vikalAdeza hai, kyoMki usase vastu ke eka dharma kA hI bodha hotA hai| yaha vibhinna ekAMgI dRSTiyoM meM sundara evaM sAdhAra samanvaya sthApita karatA hai| AcArya dhuva ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki syAdvAda eka vAda nahIM apitu dRSTi hai| sarva vAdoM ko dekhane ke lie yaha aMjana hai athavA yoM kahie ki cazmA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki syAdvAda eka prakAra kI bauddhika ahiMsA hai| syAdvAda siddhAnta kI camatkArika zakti aura vyApaka prabhAva ko hRdayaMgama karake DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne kahA thA - "syAdvAda se saba satya vicAroM kA dvAra khula jAtA hai // " zrI siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai"jeNa viNA logassa vi vavahAro savvahA na nibbahaI / tasya bhuvaNekkaguruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyassa / "

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242 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi bhAvArtha - jisake binA lokavyavahAra sarvathA nahIM calatA, usa bhuvana ke zreSTha guru anekAntavAda ko namaskAra ho| .. iMglaiMDa ke prasiddha vidvAna DaoN. thomasana ne kahA hai - "Jain logic is very high. The place of Syadvada in it is very important. It throws a fine light upon the various conditions and states of thing." (nyAyazAstra meM jaina nyAya ucca hai| usameM syAdvAda kA sthAna atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| vastuoM kI bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM para vaha sundara prakAza DAlatA hai ) ____ mahAmahopAdhyAya rAmazAstrI ne kahA hai "syAdvAda jaina darzana kA abheda kilA hai| usameM prativAdiyoM ke mAyAmaya gole praveza nahIM kara sakate haiN|" mahAtmA gA~dhI syAdvAda ke viSaya meM kahate haiM, "syAdvAda mujhe bahuta priya hai| usameM maiMne musalamAnoM kI dRSTi se unakA, IsAiyoM kI dRSTi se unakA, isa prakAra anya sabhI kA vicAra karanA siikhaa| mere vicAroM ko yA kArya ko koI galata mAnatA taba mujhe usakI ajJAnatA para pahale krodha AtA thaa| aba meM unake dRSTibindu, unakI A~khoM se dekha sakatA huuN| kyoMki maiM jagat ke prema kA bhUkhA huuN| syAdvAda kA mUla ahiMsA aura satya kA yugala Agama sAhitya ke manISI AcArya zrI tulasI ne kahA - "syAdvAda eka samudra hai jisameM sAre vAda vilIna ho jAte haiN|" syAdvAda eka tarka-vyUha ke rUpa meM gRhIta nahIM huA, kintu satya ke eka dvAra ke rUpa meM gRhIta huA / jaina darzana meM syAvAda kA itanA adhika mahattva hai ki Aja syAvAda jaina darzana kA paryAya bana gayA hai| jaina darzana kA artha syAdvAda ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM syAvAda jaina darzana ke prANa haiN| jaina AcAryoM ke sAre dArzanika cintana kA AdhAra syAdvAda hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne mAnava kI ahaMkAramUlaka pravRtti aura usake svArthI vAsanAmaya mAnasa kA spaSTa darzana kara una tattvoM kI ora prArambha se hI dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA jisase mAnava kI dRSTi kA ekAMgIpana dUra ho aura usameM anekAMgitA kA samAveza ho tathA apanI dRSTi kI taraha sAmane vAle kI dRSTi kA bhI sammAna sIkhe aura usake prati sahiSNu bane / dRSTi meM isa

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 243 1 I prakAra ke bhAvoM kA samAveza ho jAne se usakI bhASA mRdula hotI hai / usameM svagata kI haThAgratA dUra hokara samanvaya kI pravRtti A jAtI hai / usakI bhASA meM tiraskAra bhAva na hokara dUsaroM ke abhiprAya, vivakSA aura dRSTi ko samajhane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai / yahI sthiti usakI mAnasika zuddhi arthAt syAdvAdamaya vANI ke svIkaraNa kI hai, aura vaisI sthiti meM mAnava kA AcAra-vyavahAra pUrNata: 'manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekam' ke anurUpa ho jAtA hai / syAdvAda siddhAnta jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI maulika dena hai kyoMki yaha jJAna kA eka aMga hai, jo tIrthaMkaroM ke kevala jJAna meM svataH hI pratibiMbita hotA hai / syAdvAda siddhAnta ke dvArA mAnasika matabheda samApta ho jAte haiM, aura vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai isako pAkara mAnava antardraSTA banatA hai / syAdavAda kA prayoga jIvana-vyavahAra meM samanvayaparaka hai / vaha samatA aura zAnti ko sarjatA hai, buddhi ke vaiSamya ko miTAtA hai / 1 bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa manISI DaoN. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki " syAdavAda kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA-sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA zIghra apanAegA vizva meM zAnti utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogI / ' " jaina darzana yuktipUrNa tathyoM ko grahaNa karane kA sadaiva sandeza prastuta karatA hai usakA vyaktivizeSa meM koI Agraha nahIM balki vaha to siddhAMta kI udAtta pravRtti para bala detA hai| AcArya haribhadra kA kathana isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai / " pakSapAto na me vIre, na dveSa: kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / " - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati na to merA vizeSa anurAga hai, aura na hI sAMkhyadarzana pravartaka kapila Adi se koI dveSa hI hai| jisakA kathana yuktipUrNa ho use svIkAra karanA cAhie / 6. anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyA~ 1. vaidika darzana aura syAdavAda anya darzanoM meM syAdavAda kA kyA sthAna hai ? -yaha viSaya bhI apanA eka maulika sthAna rakhatA hai| vaidika-darzana ke adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika RSi syAdvAdika prakriyA se paricita the / anyathA ve nAsadIya sUkta meM sat aura asat donoM kA virodha na

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244 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi karate / eka jagaha kahA gayA hai : vaha nahIM hilatA hai, aura vaha hilatA bhI hai| anyatra eka RSi kahatA hai : sat eka hai kintu vipra use aneka rUpa se varNana karate haiM / 3 dUsarI jagaha kahA hai : "sRSTi ke Arambha meM sat hI thA, asat se sat kI utpatti kaise ho gaI ?' 4 gItA meM eka jagaha kahA gayA hai : "na sa sattannAsaducyate" arthAt vaha na sat hai aura na asat / ina ullekhoM se itanA spaSTa hai ki vaidika RSi sat aura asat donoM se paricita the kahIM eka kA samarthana hai, kahIM donoM kI vidhi hai aura kahIM donoM kA niSedha hai| yathArtha meM dekhA jAe to pratIta hogA ki yahI tInoM vikalpa-sat-asat avaktavya naya ke samAna haiN| guNa-guNI Adi kA sarvathA bheda syAdvAda se viruddha par3atA hai| donoM darzana paryAyavAdI hone ke kAraNa kucha samAnatA rakhate haiM / pRthvI Adi tattvoM ko nityAnitya mAnakara, syAdvAda ke kucha nikaTa pratIta hote haiN| inakA pramANa-viSayaka cintana apUrNa hai| akalaMka Adi ne isake cintase prabhAvita hokara pratyakSa ke mukhya aura sAMkhya-vyavahArika do bheda kiye haiN| (a) sAMkhyayoga aura syAdvAda sAMkhya atyanta prAcIna hone ke kAraNa vizeSa vicAraNIya hai| ye do tattva ko mAnate haiM : 1. puruSa aura 2. prakRti / puruSa puSkara-palAza ke samAna nirlepa hai| vaha bhoktA hai| 'puruSa jaina-darzana ke samAna aneka haiM / vaha nirapekSa draSTA hai| buddhi se adhyavasita artha meM puruSa cetanA paidA karatA hai| inakA lakSya kaivalya hai| prakRti tattva jaina pudgala tattva se samAnatA rakhatA hai kintu yaha eka hai, jar3a hai, aura prasavadharmI hai| satva, raja, tamas kI samatA prakRti hai| inake andara kSobha hone se sRSTi kA Arambha hotA hai| aura prakRti se mahAn, mahAn se ahaMkAra, usase SoDaza guNa, pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~ pA~ca bhUta aura unase pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ aura mana kI utpatti yA vikAsa hotA hai|6 kartRtva-dharma isameM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha vikAra ko bhI sthAna detI hai| puruSa na prakRti 1. nAsadAsIno sadAsIt tadAnIm -ityAdi / Rgveda 10/129/4 2. yanaijati tade jati.... upaniSad 3. eka sat viprA bahudhA vadanti / / - upaniSad / 4. sadevedamagraM AsIt kathaM tvasata: sajjAyeti - tANDyabrAhmaNa, pa. 6/2 5. prakRtistu kI puruSastu puSkarapalAzavanirlepa: 6. prakRtermahAstato'haMkAraH ..... paMcebhya: paMcabhUtAni - sAMkhya tttvkaumudii|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 245 hai, na vikRti / yoga-siddhAnta bhI prAya: isI prakriyA anekAnta yA syAdvAda kA mUla hai| anekAnta syAvAda aura saptabhaMgI ke siddhAMta inakI hI suvyavasthA karate haiN| (ba) nyAya, vaizeSika aura syAdvAda : nyAya aura vaizeSika cintana aura prakriyA meM lagabhaga samAna hone ke kAraNa eka gine jAte haiN| sapta padArtha yA solaha padArtha lagabhaga samAna haiM / dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya, abhAva Adi kA varNana nityAnityatva donoM ko lie hue hai| kintu ye darzana sarvathA bheda ke pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa ekAntavAdI kahalAte haiN| inakA cintana naigama ko mAnatA hai| pataMjali ne Izvara ko tathA yoga (aSTAMga) ko isake sAtha milAkara navIna darzana kA nirmANa kiyA / jaina yoga aura pataMjali yoga bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhate haiN| ina donoM darzanoM ne prakRti ko eka aura aneka mAnakara syAvAda kI mahattA kA paricaya diyA haiN| pratIta hotA hai ki ye darzana isake abhAva se sarvathA vaMcita nahIM rahe haiN| (sa) pUrva mImAMsA darzana aura syAdvAda mImAMsA darzana kI utpatti vaidika kriyAkANDa ko prAmANika siddha karane ke lie huI thii| bhAvanA, vidhi, niyoga Adi ke dvArA vaidika sUktoM ke arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka dArzanika tattvoM kA saMbaMdha hai, ye jaina darzana ke samAna hI utpAda, vyaya, dhrovyAtmaka tattva ko hI mAnate the| inake do bheda haiN| 1. bhATa mata aura, 2. prabhAkara mata / donoM meM bahuta thor3A antara hai| utpAdAdi traya ko tattva kA svarUpa mAnane se inakI AsthA syAdvAda meM pratIta hotI hai / tattva-saMgrahakAra inako syAdvAda kA poSaka mAnatA thA / isalie nirgranthoM ke sAtha-sAtha hI inakA bhI khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| ye vedoM ko apane cintana kA AdhAra mAnate haiN| veda-prAmANya evaM zabda ke nityatva ke siddhAntoM kI AlocanA karake taina darzanakAra tIrthaMkara-praNIta Agama aura zabda ke anityatva kI siddhi karate haiN| phira bhI dArzanika kSetra meM inakA cintana sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| (da) vedAnta aura syAdvAda bhAratIya darzana meM vedAnta kA vikAsa aMtima aura sabase mahattvapUrNa hai / yaha brahmatattva ko mAnatA hai / vaha sat-cit-Anandamaya hai| brahma satya hai jagata mithyA hai| jIva aura 1. na prakRti: na vikRti : purussH| 2. nirvizeSaM hI sAmAnyaM bhavecchAgaviSANavat sAmAnyarahitvena vizeSAstadvedeva hi| kumArila-mImAMsA zlAkavArtika 3. sata cit Anandamaya brhm|

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246 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi brahma meM koI antara nhiiN| bAhya jagata kI vyAkhyA ke lie isa darzana ne mAyA ke siddhAnta kA nirmANa kiyA hai| mAyA anirvacanIya hai| yaha hai aura nahIM bhI hai| isake lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| jAgrata, svapna aura suSupti - rUpa tIna avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaba brahma mAyA se avicchinna hotA hai, taba Izvara kA rUpa nirmANa kara jagat ke sarjana meM pravRtta hotA hai| jagat brahma kA vivarta hai| jaise samudra meM lahareM uThatI haiM, usI taraha jagat brahma kA bAhya rUpa hai| saMsAra se nivRtti ke lie mAyA se brahma kA pArthakya Avazyaka hai| AcArya bAdarAyaNa ne 'brahmasUtra' meM isakA acchA varNana kiyA hai| zaMkara ne bhASya likhakara isa siddhAnta kI acchI taraha paripuSTi kara advaita tattva kI sthApanA kii| rAmAnuja ne isI para bhASya likhakara viziSTAdvaita kI sthApanA kI hai| mAdhvAcArya, nimbArka, Adi AcAryoM ne bhedAbheda Adi siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita kara, advaita-tattva hI sarvapradhAna hai, yaha sthApita kiyA hai| mAyA ke kSetra meM syAdvAda kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| (2) cArvAka darzana aura syAdvAda ___cArvAka darzana bhautika darzana hai| isakA pratipAdana sRSTi-kartRtva tathA sRSTiabhivyakti dvArA huA hai| kucha loga bhUta-catuSTaya ko vizva kA kartA mAnate the, aura kucha loga eka tattva se sRSTi kI abhivyakti mAnate the| vahA~ kevala pratyakSa hI pramANa thaa| ata: jIvana ko sukhamaya banAnA yA aihika sukhavAda hI unake jIvana kA lakSya thaa| cArvAka darzana ke loga jar3a padArtha se hI nirjIva tattva aura jIvana-tattvanI kI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jo binA syAdvAda dRSTi ko apanAe nahIM bntii| aMta: cArvAka kA yaha cintana syAdvAda kA AdhAra liye pratIta hotA hai| bhautika kSetra meM syAdvAda ko apanAnA syAdvAda kA niSedha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (3) pAzcAtya darzana aura syAdvAda pAzcAtya dezoM meM darzana (Philosophy) buddhi kA camatkAra rahA hai| vahA~ loga jJAna ko mAtra jJAna ke lie hI apane jIvana kA lakSya samajhate haiN| pAzcAtya vicAroM ke anusAra dArzanika vaha hai jo jIva, jagata, paramAtmA, paraloka Adi tattvoM kA nirapekSa vidyAnurAgI ho / pAzcAtya jagata kA Adi dArzanika pleTo kahatA hai - "saMsAra ke samasta padArtha 1. brahma satyaM jaganmithyA, jIvo brahmeva nAparaH / 2. janmAdya brahmasya yata:-brahmasUtra - | 3. yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet - cArvAk darzana

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 247 dvandvAtmaka haiM, ata: jIvana ke pazcAt, mRtyu aura mRtyu ke pazcAt jIvana anivArya hai|" isI prakAra sukarAta, arastu Adi pramukha dArzanikoM kI niSThA bhI punarjanma ke siddhAnta meM rahI hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra jagata ke parivartana kI vyAkhyA jagat se karanA vaijJAnika bhautikavAda kA dhyeya hai| vaha parivartana jina avasthAoM se hokara gujaratA hai, ve sIr3hiyA~ vaijJAnika bhautikavAda kI tripuTI haiM : 1. virodhI samAgama 2. guNAtmaka parivartana 3. pratiSedha kA pratiSedha vastu ke udara meM virodhI pravRttiyA~ jamA hotI haiN| isase parivartana ke lie sabase Avazyaka vastu gati paidA karanA hai, phira vAda va prativAda ke saMgharSa se saMvAda rUpa meM nayA guNa paidA hotA hai, yaha guNAtmaka parivartana hai| pahale jo vAda thA usako bhI usakI pUrNagAmI kar3I se milAne para vaha kisI kA pratiSedha karanevAlA saMvAda thaa| aba guNAtmaka parivartana jaba usakA pratiSedha huA to yaha pratiSedha kA pratiSedha huA hai| kucha loga mAnate haiM ki dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda kI dena saMsAra ko hIgala ne dI aura mArksa ne ise suvyavasthita rUpa diyaa| kucha bhI ho, dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda kA saMbaMdha Aja mArksa ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| aura vaha usIkA mAnA jAtA hai| mArksa ne apane isa vAda ko AtmA va aNu taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA, kintu use rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika va Arthika Adi jIvana ke sabhI pramukha pahaluoM para kasA / prastuta prakaraNa meM yaha A~kanA hai ki jar3a ke Antarika saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa honevAle guNAtmaka parivartana se cetanA kA udaya hotA hai, mAkarsavAda kA yaha nirbhIka kathana tarka va yathArthatA kI kasauTI para kahA~ taka kharA utaratA hai| farrteft H4174 (Unity of Opposition) do virodhI padArthoM kA milana hI virodhI samAgama nahIM, kintu mArksa ke kathanAnusAra eka hI padArtha meM do virodhI guNoM (svabhAvoM) kI antarvyApakatA virodhI samAgama hai / ve 1. yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet - cArvAk darzana

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248 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi do virodha eka samaya taka hI vastu meM abhinna hokara rahate haiM / isa virodhI samAgamatA ko mArksavAdI apane darzana kI apUrva dena mAnate haiN| vibhinna tArkikoM ke dvArA yaha tarka uThAne para ki eka vastu meM do virodhI svabhAva nahIM Thaharate, ve bahuta se vyAvahArika udAharaNoM dvArA apane abhimata tattva kA samarthana karate haiN| ve hIgala ke tarkazAstra se kucha udAharaNa lete haiM, jaise - "jo karjadAra ke lie RNa (dena) hai vahI mahAjana ke lie dhana (pAvanA) hai| hamAre lie jo pUrva kA rAstA hai, dUsare ke lie vahI pazcima kA rAstA hai / " pleTo kI nimna yukti ko ve apane samarthana meM prayukta karate haiM- "hamArI kursI kA kATha kar3A hai, kar3A na hotA to hamAre bojha ko kaise saMbhAlatA ? aura kATha narama hai, yadi narama na hotA to kulhAr3A use kaise kATa sakatA ? isalie kATha kar3A aura narama donoM hai / " mArksakA virodhI samAgama kisI bhI dArzanika ko syAdvAda kI yAda dilAe binA na rahegA / anya darzana cAhe ekamata na hoM, para jaina darzana isakA samarthana avazya karatA hai ki eka vastu meM apekSA bheda se vibhinna virodhI svabhAvoM kI sthiti hai| jaina darzana kA syAdvAda kahatA hai ki asti (hai) aura nAsti (nahIM hai), svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se syAdasti, aura paradravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva kI dRSTi se " syAnnAsti" pratyeka vastu meM saha-astitva rakhate haiM / jaina darzana nitya- anitya, eka-aneka, vAcya - avAcya, Adi darzana jagat ke gambhIratama praznoM ko syAdvAda ke dvArA hI hala karatA hai| mArksavAdiyoM kI virodhI samAgamatA ke udAharaNa aise lagate haiM, jaise bar3I khoja se pAe gaye haiM / syAdvAdiyoM kI vivecanA meM isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM kI bharamAra hai / vahA~ aisI koI vastu hai hI nahIM jo virodhI dharmoM kI sahasthiti kA udAharaNa na banatI ho / eka rekhA choTI kI apekSA bar3I va apane se bar3I kI apekSA choTI hai / eka vyakti beTA bhI hai aura bApa bhii| apane beTe kI apekSA se vaha bApa hai aura apane bApa kI apekSA se vaha beTA hai / virodhI samAgama kI bAta bhAratIyoM ke lie koI naI nahIM aura na vaha mArksa kI hI koI sUjha hai / Aja se sahasroM varSa pUrva bhAratIya darzanika apanI tIvra manISA se isa viSaya kA manthana karate rahe haiM / guNAtmaka parivartana dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAdiyoM kI sabase bar3I bhUla yaha huI ki guNAtmaka parivartana kA artha unhoMne yaha mAnA ki jo nahIM thA vaha utpanna huA / vastu ke yaugika va svAbhAvika parivartana ko dekhakara ve isa maMtavya para pahu~ce / bhAratIya dArzanika, jagat kI parivartanazIlatA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 249 ko sahasroM varSa pUrva parakha cuke the| jaina dArzanikoM ne to vastu kA dharma hI trividhAtmaka batAyA, utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta sat; arthAt vastu vaha hai jisake antara meM utpatti, nAza aura nizcalatA ekasAtha calate haiN| pratyeka vastu meM pUrva-paryAya kA nAza, uttara-paryAya (svabhAva) kI utpatti va mUla svabhAva kI nizcalatA vartamAna hai| unhoMne batAyA, ananta dharmAtmakaM vastu' arthAt pratyeka vastu meM ananta svabhAva hai| unameM se jIrNa kA vyaya hai, navIna kA utpAda hai aura vastutva kA dhrauvya hai| brahmANDa ke mUla upAdAna paramANu prastuta svarUpa ko chor3ate haiM, anAgata ko grahaNa karate haiM, kintu unakA paramANutva sadA zAzvata rahatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra koI rUpI dharma aisA nahIM hai, jisakA astitva paramANuo meM na ho / vizva saMghaTanA kA dUsarA upAdAna jIva-AtmA va cetana hai| vaha bhI anantadharmAtmaka hai aura utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya kI tripadI meM baratatA rahatA hai| para jar3acetana kA atyanta virodhI hai isalie jar3a kA cetana meM aura cetana kA jar3a meM guNAtmaka parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| isI tathya kI puSTi gItAkAra ne ina zabdoM me kI hai - "nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH|" - arthAt asat utpanna nahIM hotA aura sat kA nAza nahIM hotaa| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAdI kahate haiM ki guNAtmaka parivartana se jo bhAva paidA hotA hai, vaha usa vastu meM kisI aMza meM pahale nahIM thaa| vahA~ to nitAnta asat kI utpatti hotI hai| ata: yaha mAnanA cAhie ki jar3a ke guNAtmaka parirvatana se cetanA paidA hotI hai| nAstikoM ke sAmane jaba 'nA'sad utpadyate' kA siddhAnta eka durUha caTTAna banakara khar3A ho gayA to dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAdiyoM ne usase baca nikalane ke lie guNAtmaka parivartana ke nAma se asat utpatti kA mArga nikAlA / caitanya jaisI vastu jar3adharmA na kabhI huI, na kabhI ho sakatI hai| jar3a se caitanya paidA hone kI bAta arUpa zUnya se ghaTAdi sarUpa padArtha ke paidA hone kI-sI bAta hai| arUpa aura sarUpa kA, jar3a aura caitanya kA Atyantika virodha hai| pratiSedha kA pratiSedha dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke isa racanAkArya kI tIsarI sIr3hI, pratiSedha kA pratibedha hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI triveNI ko samajhanevAloM ke lie AtmotpAda ke viSaya ko lekara dvandvAtmaka tripuTI ko sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| samAja, rAjanIti, arthavyavasthA Adi viSayaka parirvatanazIlatA ko ukta tripuTI ke niyamoM se Abaddha karane kA prayatna

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250 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi mArksavAda dvArA kiyA gayA hai| mArksavAda kI ora Aja kI pIr3hI kA bar3hatA huA AkarSaNa usakI dArzanika yathArthatA kA pariNAma nahIM, apitu bhUkhe aura naMge mAnava ko diye gaye roTI va kapar3e ke tAtkAlika pralobhana kA pratiphala hai| kintu yaha mAnanA bhI sahI nahIM hai ki roTI va kapar3e kA samAna vitaraNa karanevAle darzanAbhAsa kI sArI dArzanika bAteM bhI yathArtha haiN| vikAsavAda va dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke sahAre vaijJAnika bhI AtmA ke viSaya meM kisI antima nirNaya taka nahIM pahuMca pAye haiM / bhautika jagat meM caitanya eka rahasyapUrNa sattA bhI thI aura aba bhI hai| kintu AtmA ke jisa pahalU para darzana va vijJAna nitAnta pratikUla dizA meM the, Aja vijJAna ke naye mor3a ne donoM ko bahuta kucha samIpa lA diyA hai| suprasiddha vaijJAnika sara jemsa jInsa ke zabdoM meM kaheM to - "darzana aura vijJAna kI sImA-rekhA jo eka prakAra se nikammI ho cukI thI, vaicArika padArtha vijJAna (Thoeretical Physics) ke nikaTa mRta meM hone vAle vikAsa ke kAraNa aba vahI sImA-rekhA mahattvapUrNa aura AkarSaka bana gaI hai| 7. anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa jaina darzana ne darzana zabda kI kAlpanika vyAkhyAoM se Upara uThakara tattvacintana ke kSetra meM baddhamUla ekAntika dhAraNAoM kA unmUlana karane evaM vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko abhivyakta karane ke lie anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda kI bhASA dI hai| isa dena meM usakA yahI uddezya rahA hai ki vizva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhe ki usakA pratyeka cetana aura jar3a tattva anaMtadharmoM kA bhaNDAra hai| pratyeka vastu ananta guNa, paryAya aura dharmoM kA piNDa hai| vaha apanI anAdi-ananta saMtAna-sthiti kI dRSTi se nitya hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jaba vizva ke raMgamaMca se eka kaNa kA bhI samUla vinAza ho jAye yA usakI saMtati ucchinna ho jAye / sAtha hI usake paryAya pratikSaNa badala rahe haiM / usake guNadharmoM meM sadRza yA visadRza parivartana ho rahA hai, ata: yaha anitya bhI hai| isI taraha anta guNa, zakti, paryAya aura dharma pratyeka vastukI nijI saMpatti hai, lekina hamArA svalpa jJAna inameM se eka-eka aMza ko viSaya karake kSudra matavAdoM kI sRSTi kara rahA hai| __ syAdvAda ke ukta dRSTikoNa ko nahIM samajhakara aura vastu ko yathArtha dRSTikoNa se 1. Physics and Philosophy, Preface - Sir James Jeans.

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 251 dekhane kA prayAsa na kara aneka bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne apane ekAMgika cintana ke AdhAra para syAdvAda siddhAnta kI AlocanA evaM usa para doSAropaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| koI vastu hai bhI, aura nahIM bhI hai -yaha kathana anya darzanakAroM ko hRdayaMgama nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI vastu meM astitva ke sAtha nAstitva ko bhI dharma rUpa se batalAnA UparI sataha vAle mAnasika dharAtala para jamatA nahIM hai| astitva aura nAstitva paraspara viruddha dharma dikhate haiN| virodhI dharma ekasAtha eka vastu meM kaise raha sakate haiM ? isa tarka ke sAtha anya tarka bhI anekAnta ke virodha meM pratIta hone lagate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki anya darzanakAroM ko anekAntavAda sadoSa mAlUma par3A aura unhoMne isameM tarka dvArA kaI doSa udbhAvita kiye haiN| sarvaprathama hama AcArya dharmakIrti ko lete haiN| ye vidvAna bauddha AcArya haiM aura upalabdha sAhitya ke anusAra anekAnta-virodhI tarka ke sarvaprathama prastotA haiN| AcArya dharmakIrti ke do tarka sAmane Ate haiM - 1. eka to vastu ko sva-pararUpa mAnane se bar3I kaThinAI pedA honaa| 2. dUsare sabako saba svarUpa mAnane se buddhi aura zabda bhinna nahIM ho skeNge| AcArya dharmakIrti ne jo prathama virodhI tarka upasthita kiyA hai, vaha vastu ko svapararUpa mAnane kI mAnyatA ko lekara hai| lekina sAdhAraNa taura para dekhA jAya to yaha anekAntavAda kI mAnyatA nahIM hai| anekAntavAda vastu meM svarUpa kI dRSTi se sattva aura pararUpa kI dRSTi se asattva mAnatA hai| ghaTa ghaTatva kI apekSA sat hai, paTatva kI apekSA asat hai| isakA matalaba yaha haA ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai| tabhI to paTatvAvacchedena usameM nAstitva AtA hai| yadi ghaTa ko rUpa bhI mAna liyA to paTTatvAvacchedena usameM nAstitva dharma nahIM aayegaa| anekAntadarzana to vastu meM astitva aura nAstitva donoM dharmoM ko mAnatA hai| usake mata meM satva asatva ko chor3akara nahIM rahatA hai| donoM dharma vastu meM avacchedaka bheda se rahate haiN|' isa vivecana ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAya to anekAnta darzana vastu ko pararUpa nahIM mAnatA hai| ata: AcArya dharmakIrti kA yaha dUSaNa udbhAvita karanA anucita evaM nirmUla hai| 1. syAdvAda maMjarI zloka 28, pR 195 "upAdhibhedopahitaM viruddhaM nArtheSvasatvaM sadavAcyate ca ityaprabudhyaiva virodhabhItAH ... // 28 //

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252 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi dUsarA tarka AcAryazrI ne yaha diyA hai ki sabako saba svarUpa mAna lene se eka zabda se hI saba arthoM kA bodha ho jAyegA / sAdhAraNata: anekAnta darzana meM sabako saba svarUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadi sabako saba svarUpa mAna liyA jAya to para yA anya ke abhAva se vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka nahIM ho pAyagI aura vastu kI pratiniyata svabhAvatA ke lie Avazyaka anya vyAvRtti rUpa svabhAva vastu kA nahIM bana pAyagA / yadi ghaTa paTAdi rUpa ho jAya to anya ke abhAva ho jAne se anya vyAvRtti na ho pAyagI / phalasvarUpa vastu kI pratiniyata svabhAvatA nahIM rhegii| ata: pratyakSabAdha AvegA / anekAnta kA mUla siddhAnta hai vastu ko bhAvAbhAvAtmaka Adi mAnanA / isa siddhAnta ko bhI kSati phNcegii| ata: sabako saba svarUpa nahIM mAnA jaataa| maharSi bAdarAyaNa ne apane brahma-sUtra meM sAmAnya rUpa se anekAnta tattva meM dUSaNa dete hue kahA thaa| - "nai kasminna saMbhavAt / " - eka vastu meM aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne brahamasUtra para likhita apane sAMkhya-bhASya meM ukta sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ise "vivasana samaya' likhakara syAdvAda ke saptabhaMgI naya meM sUtranirdiSTa virodha ke alAvA saMzayadoSa kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| sUtra para bhASya likhate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki "eka vastu meM paraspara virodhI aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate haiN| jaise ki eka hI vastu zIta aura uSNa nahIM ho sakatI hai| jo sAta padArtha yA paMcAstikAya batAye haiM, unakA varNana jisa rUpa meM hai, ve usa rUpa meM bhI hoMge aura anya rUpa meM bhI / yAnI eka bhI rUpa se unakA nizcaya nahIM hone se saMzaya dUSaNa AtA hai| pramAtA, pramiti, Adi ke svarUpa meM bhI isI taraha nizcayAtmakatA na hone se tIrthaMkara kise upadeza deMge aura zrotA kaise pravRtti kareMge ? pA~ca astikAyoM kI pA~ca saMkhyA hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, yaha to bar3I vicitra bAta hai| eka tarapha avaktavya bhI kahate haiM, phira use vaktavya zabda se kahate bhI jAte haiN| yaha to spaSTa virodha hai ki "svarga aura mokSa hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii|" tAtparya yaha ki eka vastu meM paraspara virodhI do dharmoM kA honA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| ata: Arhata mata kA 1. pratyAkSAdina pramANena anantadharmAtmakasyaiva sakalasya pratIte.... ghaTa: svadravyakSetrakAlabhAvai:ca na vidyate / - SaTdarzana samuccaya, pR. 329 2. brahamasUtra 212133

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 1 syAdvAda siddhAnta asaMgata hai / " " zaMkarAcArya ke ukta kathana ke bAre meM syAdvAda kA dRSTikoNa prastuta karane ke pUrva yahA~ una vidvAnoM kA abhimata upasthita karatI hU~, jinhoMne zAMkara bhASya aura syAdavAda ke bAre tulanAtmaka 'dRSTi se cintana karake apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM / meM pro. baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra "syAdvAda saMzayavAda kA rUpAntara nahIM hai, Apa use sambhavavAda kahanA cAhate haiM, parantu " syAt" kA artha sambhavavAda karanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai / syAdasti ghaTaH arthAt svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se ghaTa hai hI, syAnnAsti ghaTaH paradravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvakI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai / syAdvAda spaSTa rUpa se yaha kaha rahA hai ki 'syAdasti' yaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva isa sva catuSTayakI apekSA se hI to yaha nizcita avadhAraNA hai / ataH yaha na sambhavavAda hai aura na anizcayavAda hI, kintu kharA apekSAyukta nizcayavAda hai| 253 1 pro. phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI ne spaSTa likhA hai "jaina dharma ke syAdvAda siddhAnta ko jitanA galata samajhA gayA, utanA anya kisI bhI siddhAnta ko nahIM / yahA~ taka ki vaidika AcArya zaMkarAcArya bhI doSamukta nahIM haiN| unhAMne bhI isa siddhAnta ke prati anyAya kiyA hai / yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoM ke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI kintu yadi mujhe kahane kA adhikAra ho to maiM bhArata ke isa mahAna vidvAna ke lie to akSamya hI kahU~gA, yadyapi maiM isa maharSi ko atIva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharma ke darzanazAstra ke mUla graMthoM kI paravAha nahIM kI / " 1 pAzcAtya vidvAna DaoN. thAmasa kA kahanA hai- " syAdvAda siddhAnta bar3A gambhIra hai| yaha vastu kI bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM meM acchA prakAza DAlatA hai / syAdvAda kA amara siddhAnta dArzanika jagat meM bahuta U~cA siddhAMta mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH syAdvAda satya jJAna kI kuMjI hai / dArzanika kSetra meM syAdvAda ko samrATa kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| syAt zabda ko eka praharI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie jo uccarita dharma ko idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detA hai / yaha avivakSita dharma kA saMrakSaka hai, saMzayAdi zatruoM kA saMrodhaka va vibhinna dArzanikoM kA saMpoSaka hai / " 1. zaMkarAbhASya 2/2/33 2. bhAratIya darzana pR 173 / 3. anekAnta vyavasthA kI antima prazasti /

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254 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi vidvAnoM ke abhimatoM ko upasthita karane ke bAda aba zaMkarAcArya ke kathana ke bAre meM syAdvAda kA dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiN| jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne syAdvAda ke antarrahasya ko samajhane kA prayAsa na kara yathArthatA kI upekSA kI hai| vastu anekAnta rUpa hai, usameM aneka dharma apekSA-pUrvaka avirodha rUpa se rahate haiM, yaha samajhane kI bAta nahIM hai| eka hI padArtha apekSAbheda se paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoM kA AdhAra hotA hai| jaise ki eka hI vyakti apekSAoM ke bheda se pitA bhI hai, putra bhI hai, guru bhI hai, ziSya bhI hai, jyeSTa bhI hai, kaniSTha bhI hai, isI taraha aura bhI aneka upAdhibheda apanI-apanI apekSAoM se usameM vidyamAna haiN| yahI bAta pratyeka vastu ke bAre meM bhI samajhanI cAhie ki dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi vibhinna apekSAoM se usameM ananta dharma saMbhava haiM / kevala apanI icchA se yaha kaha denA ki jo pitA hai, vaha putra kaise ? jo jyeSTha hai, vaha kaniSTha kaise ? jo guru hai, vaha ziSya kaise ? Adi pratItisiddha aura pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAle svarUpa kA apalApa hI mAnA jAyegA / apanI ekAMgI dRSTise kucha bhI mAna liyA jAye athavA kaha diyA jAye, kintu vastu meM vidyamAna una pratItisiddha dharmoM kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, unheM jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| aba ukta dRSTAMtoM ke prakAza meM hama syAdvAda ke kathana kI parIkSA kareM / syAdvAda meM paraspara, viruddha do dharmoM ko eka padArtha meM mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki usameM ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta anitya se vilakSaNa tIsarA hI pakSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki syAdvAda meM pratyeka vastu kisI apekSA se nitya aura kisI apekSA se anitya svIkAra kI gaI hai| yaha nityAnitya rUpa saba logoM ke anubhava meM AtA hai| jaina darzana meM sAta tattvoM kA jo svarUpa hai, unakA usa svarUpa se hI to astitva hai, kintu bhinna svarUpa se to unakA nAstitva hI hai| yadi jisa rUpa se unakA astitva kahA jAtA hai, usI rUpa se nAstitva kahA jAye to virodha yA asaMgati ho sakatI thii| strI jisakI patnI hai, usI kI mAtA kahI jAye to viparIta bAta ho sakatI hai| brahma kA jo svarUpa nitya, eka aura vyApaka batAyA jAtA hai usI rUpa se to brahma kA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai, anitya, aneka aura avyApaka rUpa se to nhiiN| hama yahA~ eka prazna pUchate haiM ki brahma kA nityAdi rUpa se jisa prakAra astitva hai, kyA usI prakAra anitya Adi rUpa se bhI usakA astitva hai ? yadi aisA hI mAnA jAye to kyA brahma kA svarUpa samajhane yogya raha jAtA hai ? aura phira kyA vaha samajha liyA jAyegA ? yadi nahIM, to brahma nityAdi

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 255 rUpa se sat hai aura anityAdi rUpa se asat hai, isa prakAra vaha aneka-dharmAtmaka siddha ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jagat ke samasta padArtha isa trikAlabAdhita svarUpa se vyApta haiN| pramAtA aura pramiti Adi ke jo svarUpa haiM, unakI dRSTi se hI to unakA astitva hogaa| anya svarUpoM se unakA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai ? anyathA svarUpoM meM saMkaratA hone se jagat kI vyavasthA kA hI lopa ho jaayegaa| sAmAnyajana asamaMjasa meM par3a jAyeMge ki hama pramAtA kise kaheM, pramiti kyA hai aura pramANa kA lakSNa kyA hai ? paMcAstikAya kI saMkhyA pA~ca hai; cAra, tIna yA do nahIM, isameM kyA virodha hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki "paMcAstikAya pA~ca haiM, aura pA~ca nahIM hai to virodha ho sakatA thA, para apekSAbheda se to paMcAstikAya pA~ca haiM, cAra Adi nhiiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sAmAnya se pA~coM astikAya astikAyatvena eka hokara bhI vizeSa kI apekSA tattad vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se pA~ca bhI haiM, isameM virodha kaisA aura virodha karane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? __ svarga aura mokSa apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se hai, narakAdi kI dRSTi se nahIM, isameM kyA Apatti hai / svarga, svarga hai, naraka to hai nahIM, mokSa, mokSa hI to hogA, saMsAra to nahIM hogaa| isa bAta ko to Apako bhI mAnanA par3egA aura Apa mAnate hI hoNge| upaniSado meM sat, asat, sadasat, aura avaktavya - ye cAroM pakSa milate haiN| bauddha tripiTaka meM bhI cAra pakSa milate haiN| sAntatA aura anantatA, nityatA aura anityatA Adi praznoM ko buddha ne avyAkRta kahA hai| usI prakAra ina cAroM pakSoM ko bhI avyAkRta kahA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimna prazna avyAkRta haiM - 1. hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? hoti ca na hoti ca tathAgato paraM maraNAti neva hoti na na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? 2. sayaM kataM dukkhaMti ? . paraM kataM dukkhaMti ? . sayaM kataM paraM kataM ca dukkhaMti asayakAraM aparakAraM dukkhaMti ? saMjayavelaTTiputta bhI isa prakAra ke praznoM kA na 'hA~' meM uttara detA thA na "nA" meN|

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256 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi usakA kisI bhI viSaya meM kucha bhI nizcaya na thaa| vaha na hA~ kahatA thA na "nA" kahatA, na avyAkRta kahatA, na vyAkRta khtaa| kisI bhI prakAra kA vizeSaNa dene meM vaha bhaya khAtA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha saMzayavAdI thaa| kisI bhI viSaya meM apanA nizcita mata prakaTa nahIM karatA thaa| syAdvAda aura saMjayake saMzayavAda meM yaha antara hai ki syAvAda nizcayAtmaka hai, jabaki saMjaya kA saMzayavAda anizcayAtmaka hai| mahAvIra pratyeka prazna kA uttara apekSAbheda se nizcita uttara dete the| ve na to buddha kI taraha avyAkRta kahakara TAla dete the, aura na saMjaya kI taraha anizcaya kA bahAnA banAte the| jo loga syAdvAda ko saMjayavelaTThiputta kA saMzayavAda samajhate haiM, ve syAdvAda ke svarUpa ko samajha nahIM pAe haiN| jaina darzana ke AcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai ki syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai, syAdvAda ajJAnavAda nahIM hai, syAdvAda asthiravAda yA vikSepavAda nahIM hai| vaha nizcayavAda hai, jJAnavAda hai| saMjaya ke anizcayavAda kA syAdvAda se koI sambandha nahIM hai| . ___anekAnta ke virodhI tarkoM para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAya to patA lagatA hai ki vibhinna darzanakAroM ne jo anekAnta virodhI tarka prastuta kiye haiM, unameM una darzanakAroM ne anekAnta darzana ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki virodhI darzanakAro ne anekAntavAda ko samajhane kA yA to prayatna hI nahIM kiyA, yA samajhakara bhI Upara Upara hI usakA virodha kiyA / vaijJAnika mArga yaha hai ki hama apane virodhiyoM kI bAta ko ThIka samajheM, phira usa para AlocanA kreN| yadi hama usako ThIka na samajhakara athavA usake dvArA ukta zabdoM ke artha ko ghumAkara yA usake eka deza ko lekara usakA upahAsa karane kI dRSTi se kucha bhI artha kareM, yaha ucita mArga athavA tattvAnveSaNa tattva jijJAsA kA mArga nahIM hai aura yaha saMdarbhita cintana ke prati anyAya bhI hai| yaha pahale bhI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai aura yahA~ puna: duharAte haiM ki syAdvAda padArthoM ko jAnane kI eka dRSTi hai / syAdvAda svayaM aMtima satya nahIM hai| vaha hameM aMtima satya taka pahu~cAne ke lie kevala mArgadarzaka kA kAma karatA hai| syAdvAda se vyavahAra-satya ke jAnane meM upasthita honevAle virodhoM kA samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / isalie jaina darzanakAroM ne syAdvAda ko vyavahAra-satya mAnA hai| vyavahAra-satya ke Age jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya bhI mAnA gayA hai jise pAribhASika zabdoM meM kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| syAdvAda meM sampUrNa padArthoM kA krama-krama se jJAna hotA hai| kintu kevalajJAna satyaprApti kI

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 257 utkRSTa dazA hai, usameM sampUrNa padArtha aura una padArtho ke ananta paryAya ekasAtha pratibhAsita hote hai / syAdvAda kA kSetra loka vyavahAra bhI hai aura dravyamAtra bhI hai, jisakA parijJAna saptabhaMgI dvArA ho jAtA hai / syAdvAda hameM kevala jaise - tesai ardhasatyoM ko hI pUrNa satya mAna lene ke lie bAdhya nahIM karatA hai / kintu satya ke darzana karane ke lie aneka mArgoM kI khoja karatA hai / syAdvAda kA kathana hai ki manuSya kI zakti sImita hai, isIlie vaha ApekSika satya ko hI jAna sakatA hai| hameM pahale vyAvahArika virodhoM kA samanvaya karake ApekSika satya ko prApta karanA cAhie aura ApekSika satya ko jAnane ke bAda hama pUrNa satya kevalajJAna kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke adhikArI ho sakate haiM / - yadyapi syAdvAda ko virodhI samAlocakoM ke bharapUra AkSepa sahana karane par3e haiM parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra anantadharma vAlI vastu ke saMbaMdha meM vyavasthita aura pUrNa nizcayavAdI the / unhoMne na kevala vastu kA anekAnta svarUpa hI batAyA kintu usake jAnane-dekhane ke upAya naya dRSTiyA~ aura usake pratipAdana kA prakAra syAdvAda bhI batAyA / syAdavAda na to saMzayavAda hai, na kadAcitvAda hai, na kiMcitvAda hai aura na saMbhavavAda yA abhISTavAda hI hai / vaha to "apekSA se prayukta hone vAlA nizcayavAda hai / " isIlie syAdvAda saMpUrNa jainetara darzanoM kA una-unakI dRSTiko yathAsthAna rakhakara samanvaya karane meM samartha ho sakA hai| 8. anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva vibhinna darzanakAroM ne kisI samasyA ko hala karane evaM kahIM para Ane vAlI visaMgati ko dUra karane ke lie ajJAta rUpa se anekAnta dRSTi yA usake samAnadharmA upAya apanAyA hai / mahAmuni pataMjali kA vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya meM jo kathana hai, usako leN| pataMjali kA samaya IsA se pahale dUsarI zatAbdI hai / mahAmuni ke sammukha yaha prazna AyA ki kiM punaH nityaH zabda : Ahosvit kArya: 1 1 zabdanitya hai yA anitya ? isakA uttara Age ve dete haiM / " saMgrahe etatprAdhAnyena parIkSitam // 1. vyAkaraNamahAbhASya bhUmikA - ( ma. ma. giridhara zarmA caturvedI pR. 27 caukhambA san 1954 / 2. vyAkaraNamahAbhASya 1/1/1, pR. 37 21"

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258 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi "nityo vA syAt kAryo vA iti / tatroktAH doSAH prayojanAnyapi uktAni / tatra tveSaH nirNayaH yadyeva nityaH athApi kArya: ubhayAthApi lakSaNe pravartyamiti / " mahAbhASyakAra samAdhAna karate haiM - "saMgraha" nAmaka vyADi AcArya kRta graMtha meM pradhAna rUpa se isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya kI parIkSA karake, doSa tathA prayojana kahane ke bAda vahA~ yaha nirNaya batalAyA gayA hai ki zabda nitya hai aura anitya bhI hai| donoM prakAra se lakSaNa kI pravRtti karanI caahie| yahA~ para zabda kI nityatA evaM anityatA donoM batalAkara spaSTa rUpa se mahAbhASyakAra ne anekAnta dRSTi ko apanAyA hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya gItA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM - "gItA kA adhyAtma pakSa jitanA yuktiyukta tathA samanvayAtmaka hai, usakA vyavahAra pakSa bhI utanA hI manorama tathA AdaraNIya hai..... ina vidvAna bhASyakAroM kI yuktiyA~ apane dRSTikoNa se nitAnta sAragarbhita haiM, ise koI bhI Alocaka mAnane se nahIM hicaka sakatA, paraMtu pUrvokta matoM meM gItA ke upadezoM kI samagratA tathA vyApakatA para pUrNata: dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| zAstroM ne mAnavI prakRti kI bhinnatA kA dhyAna rakha carama lakSya kI prApti ke lie trividha upAyoM kI vyavasthA kI hai| cintana kA premI sAdhaka jJAnamArga se, sAMsArika viSayoM kI abhiruci vAlA puruSa karmayoga se tathA anurAgAdi mAnasika vRttiyoM ke vizeSa vikAsa vAlA vyakti bhakti kI sahAyatA se apane uddezya para pahuMca sakatA hai / ina bhinna-bhinna mArgoM ke anuyAyI sAdhaka apane hI mArga kI viziSTitA tathA upAdeyatA para jora dete the tathA anya mArgoM ko nitAnta heya batalAte the| gItA ke adhyAya se hI patA calatA hai ki usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM cAra prakAra ke pRthak - pRthak mArga pracalita the|"1 ina cAroM ke nAma haiM karmamArga, jJAnamArga, dhyAnamArga tathA bhaktimArga / jo jisa mArga kA pathika thA vaha use hI sabase bar3hiyA mAnatA thA, usakI dRSTi meM mukti kA dUsarA mArga thA hI nahIM, parantu bhagavAn ne isa gItA kA pracAra kara ina vividha sAdhanoM kA apUrva samanvaya kara diyA hai, jisakA phala yaha hai ki jisa prakAra prayAga meM gaMgA, yamunA tathA sarasvatI kI dhArAe~ 1. gItA 13/24/25 ...

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 259 bhAratabhUmi ko pavitra karatI huI triveNI ke rUpa meM baha rahI haiM, usI prakAra karma, jJAna, dhyAna tathA bhakti kI dhArAe~ gItA meM milakara tattvajijJAsuoM kI jJAnapipAsA miTAtI huI bhagavAn kI ora agrasara ho rahI haiM / yaha samanvaya gItA kI apanI viziSTatA haiM / "1 isa kathana meM batalAyA gayA hai ki gItA meM karma, dhyAna, jJAna tathA bhakti ina cAra mArgoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai / isa kathana meM spaSTa rUpa se anekAnta kI chAyA hai / yogI Anandaghana kavikA yaha prasiddha pada " rAma kaho rahamAna kaho, kou kAnha kaho mahAdeva rI pArasanAtha kaho koI brahmA sakala brahma svayameva rI // bhAjanabheda kahAvata nAnA eka mRttikA rUpa rI / taise khaNDa kalpanAropita Apa akhaNDa svarUpa rI // " "nija pada rame rAma so kahie rahama kare rahamAna rI / karSe karma kAnha so kahie brahma cinheM so brahmarI // " dekhie, ina donoM meM pUrvokta zloka ke samAna anekAnta ke samAna aneka vikalpAtmaka kathana haiM / gela mahodaya kA eka kathana aura dekhie - "pratyeka vastu bhAva aura abhAva kA mela hai / isake astitva kA artha hI yaha ekasAtha hai aura "nahIM" hai bhAva meM hI abhAva vidyamAna hai / ' yaha bhAvAbhAvAtmaka vastu ko mAnanA spaSTa anekAnta ke sadRza hai / anekAntavAda astitva, nAstitva Adi ubhaya dharmoM kA samanvita rUpa hai| spaSTa hI anekAnta ke samAna kathana yahA~ hai / aba hama prasiddha cintaka zrI kabIra kA uddharaNa leM " sAkAra brahma merI mA~ hai, aura nirAkAra brahma mere pitA / maiM kise choDUM, kise svIkAra karU~ ? tarAjU ke donoM palar3e barAbara bhArI haiM / 3" yahA~ eka hI braham meM avacchedaka bheda se sAkAratva aura nirAkAratva, pitRtva evaM 1. bhAratIya darzana / baladeva upA0 / pR0 60/61/62 1 - 2. pazcimI darzana - DaoN. dIvAnacaMdra / pR180 / 3. vI. esa. naravaNe ke " mArDana iMDiyA thATa" kA hindI anuvAda, pR. 75 d z z

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260 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi mAtRtva do vizuddha dharmoM ko mAnA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hI anekAnta hai| aba hama AdhyAtmika jagata ke vartamAna mahAn cintaka zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke kAryoM para dRSTi DAlate haiN| unake vicAroM para anekAnta kA kAphI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| DaoN0 hRdayanArAyaNa mizra likhate haiM - "parama sattA saMbaMdhI apane vicAroM ke lie rAmakRSNa zaMkara ke advaita aura rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita donoM se prabhAvita jAna par3ate haiN|" "vAstava meM rAmakRSNa ne ina donoM vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyaa|" Upara batalAyA gayA hai ki rAmAnuja ke siddhAnta para anekAnta kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| zrI rAmakRSNa ne zaMkara ke sAtha rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyA hai| yaha do vibhinna matoM kA samAveza evaM samanvaya binA anekAnta ke prabhAva ke nahIM ho sktaa| - prazcima ke prasiddha cintaka zrI romAM rolAM ne zrI rAmakRSNa ke zabdoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai - "merI devI mA~ nirapekSa se bhinna nahIM hai / vaha eka hI samaya meM eka aura aneka donoM __ hai aura eka aura aneka donoM se pare hai|"2 yahA~ eka hI devI mA~ meM eka hI samaya meM ekatva, anekatva tathA ina donoM se paratva batalAyA hai| yaha spaSTa anekAntavAda kI dizA hai| aba svAmI vivekAnanda ko leN| inake bhI cintana evaM vicAroM meM anekAnta kI samAnadharmI dhArA spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / DaoN. mizrA likhate haiM"eka sacce vedAntI kI bhA~ti vivekAnanda ne brahma aura jIva kI ekatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki hamArI AtmA bhoktA va kartA ke rUpa meM brahma se tAdAtmya nahIM rakhatI, kintu sAra rUpa meM jIva brahma hI hai|"3 isa kathana meM svAmI vivekAnaMda ne apekSAbheda yA avacchedaka bheda se jIva ko brahma se bhinna evaM abhinna donoM batalAyA hai| sAmAnyatayA jIva evaM brahma eka haiM, lekina kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva kI apekSA se bhinna bhI haiM / yahA~ spaSTa anekAnta kA prabhAva hai| 1. samakAlIna dArzanika cintana / DaoN. mizra / pR0 88 ||dvi. sNskrnn| 2. The life of Ramkrishna by Romain Rolland P. 67. 3. samakAlIna dArzanika cintana pR. 94 / '

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda - zrI ravIndranAtha Taigora ke vicAroM kA avalokana kreNge| zrI mizrA likhate haiM " mAyA kI avadhAraNA zaMkara aura Taigora kucha bhinna prakAra se karate haiN| zaMkara kA kahanA thA ki mAyA na sat hai, aura na asat / Taigora kahate hai ki mAyA hai aura nahIM bhI hai / yaha siddhAnta vallabha pratipAdita mAyA se adhika sAmya rakhtA hai / sasImatA aura anekatA kA anubhava hone ke kAraNa mAyA kA astitva mAnanA par3atA hai / ananta sattA kI akhaMDatA kA bodha ho jAne para mAyA vilIna ho jAtI hai / isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha nahIM hai 1 111 uparyukta kathana meM zrI Taigora ne mAyA kA astitva evaM nAstitva donoM batalAye haiM aura unameM kAraNa hai - apekSAbheda / yaha spaSTa anekAnta dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA huA pratIta hotA hai / aba mahAtmA gA~dhI ke vicAroM ko liijie| ve likhate haiM " unake lie vaha eka hai aura aneka hai / aNu se bhI choTA aura himAlaya se bhI bar3A hai| vaha jala ke eka bindu meM samA sakatA hai aura sAta samudra milakara usakI samAnatA nahIM kara sakate haiM / " 2 261 uparyukta kathana meM Izvara ko eka evaM aneka, choTA evaM bar3A batalAyA gayA hai| paraspara viruddha bhAsita hone vAle dharmoM ko apekSAbheda se eka hI Izvara meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa anekAnta kA cintana hai / zrI dinakara gA~dhIjI ke vicAroM ke viSaya meM likhate haiM "anekAnta jaina darzanoM meM soyA huA thaa| bhAratavAsI jaise apane darzana kI anya bAteM bhUla cuke the, vaise hI anekAntavAda kA yaha durlabha siddhAnta bhI unakI A~khoM se ojhala ho gayA thA / kintu navotthAna ke krama meM jaise hamAre aneka prAcIna satyoM ne dubArA janma liyA, vaise hI gA~dhIjI meM Akara anekAntavAda ne bhI navajIvana prApta kiyaa| saMpUrNa satya kyA hai - ise jAnanA bar3A hI kaThina hai| tAttvika dRSTi se yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka satyAnveSI satya ke jisa pakSa ke darzana karatA hai, vaha usI kI bAteM bolatA hai, isIlie satya ke 1. samakAlIna darzanika ciMtana pR0 103 / 2. samakAlIna darzanika ciMtana pR. 105

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262 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi mArga para Aye hue vyakti kI sabase bar3I pradhAnatA yaha hotI hai ki vaha durAgrahI nahIM hotA, na vaha yahI kahatA hai ki maiM jo kucha kaha rahA hU~ vahI satya hai| apane Upara eka prakAra kI zraddhA tathA yaha bhAva ki kadAcit pratipakSI kA mata ThIka ho, ye anekAntavAdI manuSya ke pramukha lakSaNa haiN|" aba hama zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke vicAroM ko dekheM / ve likhate haiM - "jaina darzana kevala zArIrika ahiMsA taka hI sImita nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha bauddhika ahiMsA ko bhI anivArya batAtA hai| yaha bauddhika ahiMsA hI jaina darzana kA anekAntavAda hai| anekAntavAda kA dArzanika AdhAra yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu ananta guNa-paryAya aura dharmoM kA arUpa piMDa hai| vastu ko hama jisa koNa se dekha rahe haiM, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai| usameM ananta dRSTikoNoM se dekhe jAne kI kSamatA hai| usakA virATa svarUpa ananta dharmAtmaka hai / hameM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlUma hotA hai usa para ImAnadArI se vicAra kareM to usakA viSayabhUta dharma bhI vastu meM vidyamAna hai| citta se pakSapAta kI durabhisaMdhi nikAleM aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ke viSaya ko bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojeM, vaha bhI vahIM laharA rahA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki anekAnta kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA hI zIghra apanAyegA vizva meM zAnti bhI utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogii| Adhunika vicAraka saMta vinobA bhAve anekAnta ke viSaya meM likhate haiM - "apanA satya to satya hai hI kintu dUsarA jo kahatA hai, vaha bhI satya hai| donoM satya milakara pUrNa satya hotA hai| yahI mahAvIra kA syAdvAda hai|" gA~dhIvAdI vicAraka kAkA kAlelakara likhate haiM"mere pAsa jo 'samanvaya dRSTi' hai yaha maiM jainiyoM ke "anekAntavAda" se sIkhA huuN| anekAntavAda ne mujhe bauddhika ahiMsA sikhAI, isake lie maiM jaina darzana kA RNI huuN|"3 1. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya pR0 135 2. amara bhAratI : jUna 1972 aMtima pRsstth| 3. jaina darzana-jagata samanvaya vizeSAMka 1972, pR0 211 / - -

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 263 aba anta meM vAcaspati gairolA ke vicAra dekheN| ve likhate haiM"pratyeka niSpakSa vicAraka ko lagegA ki syAdvAda ne darzana ke kSetra meM vijaya prAptakara aba vaijJAnika jagat meM vijaya pAne ke lie sApekSavAda ke rUpa meM janma liyA "syAdvAda kA jitanA saMbaMdha adhyAtma se hai, utanA hI bhautika vastu se bhii|"2 "jainoM.kA anekAntavAda kucha aisA gar3hA huA siddhAnta nahIM hai, jisameM jaina darzana kI vaiyaktika dRSTi kA AbhAsa milatA ho / vaha to lokadRSTi se jItanA upayogI hai vicAra kI dRSTi se bhI utanA hI upayogI hai|" Adhunika yuga meM cintana aura vicAra kI zailI evaM paddhati meM vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa A gayA hai, jisakI vajaha se virodha aura rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanAe~ kama hotI jA rahI haiN| Aja deza ko, aura vizva ko aise cintana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai jisase azAnti aura rAgadveSa ko bar3hAvA mile / hameM eka aisI cintana zailI kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase ekatA, samarasatA, sahiSNutA, samatA, zAnti tathA sAmaMjasya evaM samanvaya raha sake / mere vicAra meM anekAnta isa kArya ko saphalatA se kara sakatA hai| vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA yA asahiSNutA IrSyA-dveSa kI jananI hai| isa asahiSNutA ko hama kisI aMdhakAra se kama nahIM samajhate / Aja samAja meM jo asamAnatA aura azAnti hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa yahI vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA hai / isa saMkIrNatA ko anekAntavAda miTAtA hai| yadi padArtha ke svabhAva ko samajhanA hai, aura jJAna kA yathArtha mUlyAMkana karanA hai to anekAntamayI syAdvAda dRSTi ko apanAnA cAhie / kyoMki sAdhAraNa manuSya kI zakti atyalpa hai aura buddhi parimita aisI sthiti meM bahuta prayatna karane para bhI hama brahmANDa ke asaMkhya padArthoM kA jJAna karane meM asamartha rahate haiN| syAdvAda yahI pratipAdita karatA hai ki hamArA jJAna pUrNa satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isalie hamArA jJAna ApekSika satya hai| 1. bhAratIya darzana (gairolA pR0 120) 2. vahI, pR0 120 / 3. vahI, pR0 125 /

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264 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi padArthoM ke ananta dharmoM meM se hama eka samaya meM kucha dharmoM kA hI jJAna kara sakate haiM, aura dUsaroM ke samakSa bhI kucha dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara sakate haiN| . ___ syAdvAda kI zailI sahAnubhUtimaya hai| isalie usameM samanvaya kI kSamatA hai| usakI maulikatA yahI hai ki anya vAdoM ko vaha udAratA ke sAtha svIkAra karatA hai, lekina unako usI rUpa meM nahIM, unake sAtha rahanevAle Agraha ke aMzoM ko chor3akara unheM vaha apanA aMga banAtA hai| syAdvAda durAgraha ke lie nahIM, kintu aise Agraha ke lie saMketa karatA hai, jisameM samyak jJAna ke lie avakAza ho / ___ bauddhika stara meM isa siddhAnta ko mAna lene se manuSya ke naitika aura laukika vyavahAra meM eka mahattva kA parivartana A jAtA hai| cAritra hI mAnavajIvana kA sAra hai| cAritra ke lie maulika AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki manuSya eka ora to apane ko abhimAna se pRthak rakhe, sAtha hI hIna bhAvanA se apane ko bacAye / spaSTata: yaha mArga kaThina hai| vAstavika arthoM meM jo apane svarUpa ko samajhatA hai dUsare zabdoM meM AtmasammAna karatA hai aura sAtha hI dUsare ke vyaktitva ko bhI utanA hI sammAna detA hai, vahI uparyukta duSkara mArga kA anugAmI bana sakatA hai| isIlie samagra naitika samutthAna meM vyaktitva kA samAdara eka maulika mahattva rakhatA hai| anekAnta darzana kA atyanta mahattva isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hai ki usameM vyaktitva kA sammAna nihita hai| dArzanika jagat ke lie jaina darzana kI yaha dena anupama, advitIya hai| isa siddhAnta ke dvArA vividhatA meM ekatA aura ekatA meM vividhatA kA darzana kara jaina darzana ne vizva ko navIna dRSTi pradAna kI hai| sabhI darzanoM ke garbha meM samatA ke bIja chipe hue haiM / aMkurita aura pallavita dazA meM bhASA aura abhivyakti ke AvaraNa maulika samatA ko DhA~kakara usameM bheda kie hae haiN| bhASA ke AvaraNa ko cIrakara jhA~ka sakeM to hama pAeMge ki duniyA ke sabhI darzanoM ke anta:stala utane dUra nahIM haiM, jitane dUra unake mukha haiN| anekAnta kA hRdaya yahI hai ki hama kevala mukhako pramukhatA na deM, antaHstala kA bhI sparza kareM / syAdvAdI kA samatA bhAva antara aura bAhya jagata meM eka samAna hotA hai| anekAntavAda kA Aloka hameM nirAzA ke andhakAra se bacAtA hai| vaha hameM aisI vicAradhArA kI ora le jAtA hai, jahA~ sabhI prakAra ke virodhoM kA upazamana ho jAtA hai| yaha samasta dArzanika samasyAoM, ulajhanoM, aura bhramaNAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 265 anekAnta korA darzana nahIM hai, yaha sAdhanA hai| ekAMgI Agraha rAga aura dveSa se prerita hotA hai| rAga-dveSa kSINa karane kA prayatna kie binA ekAMgI Agraha yA pakSapAtapUrNa dRSTikoNa se mukti nahIM pAyI jA sktii| jaise-jaise rAga-dveSa kSINa hotA hai, vaise-vaise anekAntaSTa vikasita hotI hai / jaise jaise anekAnta dRSTi vikasita hotI hai vaise-vaise rAga-dveSa kSINa hotA hai| jaina darzana ne rAga-dveSa ko kSINa karane ke lie anekAnta - dRSTi prastuta kI / ekAMgI dRSTi se dekhanevAle dArzanika darzana kA sahI upayoga nahIM kara pAte / darzana satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie hai| rAga-dveSa meM pha~sA vyakti satya kA sAkSAtkAra kaise kara sakatA hai / satya kI upalabdhi ke nAma para jahA~ rAga-dveSa kI vRddhi hotI hai, vahA~ darzana kI dizA sarvathA viparIta ho jAtI hai| darzana satya kI upalabdhi ke lie aura satya, samatA aura zAnti kI upalabdhi ke lie hai / jaba zAnti kI upalabdhi ke hetu bhI azAnti ke hetu bana jAte haiM taba aisA pratIta hone lagatA hai ki jyotipuMja se timira kI razmiyA~ vikIrNa ho rahI haiM / / jaina darzana meM tarka-satya kI apekSA anubhava - satya adhika hai / AgrahI manuSya apanI mAnyatA kI puSTi ke lie tarka khojatA hai aura AdhyAtmika vyakti satya kI abhivyakti ke lie tarkakI khoja karatA hai| tarka vyavahAra kI bhUmikA kA upakaraNa hai / satya vAstavikatA kI gaharAiyoM meM jAne para upalabdha hotA hai / jaina darzana isa upalabdhi kA anyatama Rju mArga hai / vaha eka darzana nahIM hai, kintu darzanoM kA samuccaya hai / ananta dRSTiyoM ke sahaastitva ko mAnyatA denevAlA eka darzana kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaina darzana ke adhyayana kA artha hai, saba darzanoM kA adhyayana aura saba darzanoM ke sApekSa adhyayana kA artha hai jaina darzana kA adhyayana | upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne zAstrajJa kI pahacAna ke lie tIna mAnadaNDa prastuta kie1. anekAnta 2. mAdhyasthyabhAva 3. upazama - kaSAya kI zAnti / " jo vyakita mokSa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue anekAnta cakSu se saba darzanoM kI tulyatA ko dekhatA hai, vahI zAstrajJa hai / 1. adhyAtmoniSad, 1/7; "tena syAdvAdamAlambya, sarvadarzanatulyatAm / mokSoddezAd vizeSeNa yaH pazyati sa zAstravit // "

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266 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi __manuSya meM jhukAva kI manovRtti hotI hai| vaha apane anukUla cintana aura tarka ke prati jhuka jAtA hai| jhukAva kA kAraNa rAga aura dveSa hai| jisameM rAga-dveSa ke upazamana kI sAdhanA nahIM hotI, vaha madhyastha yA taTastha nahIM ho sktaa| madhyastha bhAva ko prApta kie binA koI bhI vyakti zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / upAdhyAyajI ne batAyA - "mAdhyasthya bhAva se yukta eka pada kA jJAna bhI pramANa hai| mAdhyasthya zUnya zAstra koTi bhI vyartha haiN| bhASA meM mAdhyasthya bhAva hI zAstra kA artha hai| vaha mAdhyasthya bhAva se hI sahI rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai"2 zAstrajJa loga dharmavAda ke sthAna para vivAda ko mahattva de rahe the| unako lakSya kara kahA gayA - "zamArtha' sarvazAstrANi, vihitAni manISibhiH / sa eva sarvazAstrajJaH yasya zAntaM sadA manaH // " "manISiyoM ne zAstroM kA nirmANa zAnti ke lie kiyA / saba zAstroM ko jAnanevAlA vahI hai jisakA mana zAnta hai|" ... dharma ke nAma para azAnti ko ubhArane vAlA zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / jo svayaM azAnta hai, vaha bhI zAstrajJa nahIM ho sktaa| pUrva aura pAzcAtya darzanoM meM syAdvAda kA mUlya apUrva hai| syAdvAda sukha, zAnti aura sAmaMjasya kA pratIka hai| vicAra ke kSetra meM anekAnta, vANI ke kSetra meM syAdavAda aura AcaraNa ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ye saba bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se ekarUpa hI haiN| jo doSa nityavAda meM haiM, ve samasta doSa anityavAda meM usI prakAra se haiN| artha-kriyA na nityavAda meM banatI hai, na anityavAda meM / ata: donoM vAda paraspara vidhvaMsaka haiN| isI kAraNa syAdavAda kA sthAna sarvazreSTha hai| hiMsA, ahiMsA, satya, asatya Adi kA nirNaya isake dvArA saralatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnava, AcaraNa ko zuddha kara, syAdvAda rUpa vANI dvArA satya kI sthApanA 1. adhyAtmopaniSada, 1/73; "mAdhyasthyasahitaM yaikapadajJAnamapi prmaa| __ zAstrakoTitathevAnyA, tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / / " 2. adhyAtmopaniSada, 1/71 madhyasthyameva zAstrArtho, yena tattcAru sidhyati / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyad bAlizavalganam / / "

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra - anekAntavAda 267 karake, anekAnta rUpa vastu-tattva prApta kara Atma-sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai, anta: catuSTaya aura siddhAnta kI prApti saMbhava ho sakatI hai| dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA likhate haiM ki - " nissandeha saccA syAdvAdI sahiSNu hotA hai| vaha rAga-dveSa rUpa AtmA ke vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane kA satata prayAsa karatA hai; dUsare ke siddhAntoM ko Adara-dRSTi se dekhatA hai aura mAdhyasthya-bhAva se saMpUrNa virodhoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne ziva-pratimA ko praNAma karate samaya sarvadeva-samabhAva kA paricaya dete hue kahA - "bhava-bIjAMkurajananA, rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / __ brahmA yA viSNu vA haro jino vA namastasmai // " saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNa rAgAdi jisake kSaya ho cuke haiM use meM praNAma karatA hU~ ; cAhe ve brahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, ziva hoM yA jina hoN|" ___anekAnta hI eka aisI dRSTi hai jisake AdhAra para samatA, samanvaya va zAnti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| "syAdvAdaH satyalAMchana: jaina jayatu zAsanam / jainendradharmacakraM prabhavatu satataM srvsaukhyprdaayi||"

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268 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama evaM mokSa (1) yoga : adhyAtma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se bhArata bhUmi eka atyata urvarA bhUmi rahI hai| yahA~ kI saMskRti meM mAnavajIvana ke kucha viziSTa uddezya mAne gae haiN| ina uddezyoM kI saMkhyA cAra mAnI gaI hai| ve haiM - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa / inheM 'puruSArtha' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka Astika vicAradhArA 'mukti' ko antima lakSya ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatI hai aura usakI prApti ke lie apanI-apanI dRSTi se upAyoM kA nirUpaNa karatI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM yoga darzana' kA pRthak va svatantra sthAna hai| 'aSTAMga yoga mArga' ke rUpa meM AdhyAmika yAtrA ke vividha sopAnoM kA isameM savistara varNana hai| yoga darzana' ke anusAra, citta-vRttiyoM ke nirodha ke mArga para bar3hate hue tapa aura dhyAna-sAdhanA ke dvArA samAdhi kI ucca-uccatara avasthAoM ko pAra karate hue, anta meM apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI sAdhanA kA parama lakSya hai| ___ sukha-prApti kA mArga jaina dharma ne yoga ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| yoga jIvana meM samatA lAne kA abhyAsa hai| jaina paramparA AtmA meM ananta zakti mAnatI hai aura usa zakti kA pUrNa vikAsa kara AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI usameM kSamatA hai| zrI hemacandrAcArya ne isa Atmazakti ke pUrNa vikAsa kA sAdhana yoga batAyA hai / jabaki AcArya haribhadrasUri ne sabhI du:khoM se mukta hone ke sAdhana ko yoga kahA hai| AtmA kI sabhI du:khoM se mukti hokara nija svabhAva kI prApti yoga dvArA hotI hai| ___ sabhI dharma manuSya ko du:khoM se mukta hone kA upAya batAte haiM, kyoMki manuSya kI sahaja preraNA du:kha se mukta hokara sukha-prApti kI hotI hai| usameM yoga aisI prakriyA hai jisase manuSya duHkha se mukta hotA hai| manuSya kI sukha-prApti meM bAdhaka kaunasI bAteM haiM jo use du:khI banAtI haiM ? yaha vicAra karane para dikhAI degA ki rAga aura dveSa ye do usake aise mahAn zatru haiM jo use sukha ke mArga se bhaTakA kara du:kha meM DAlate haiN| samasyA kA mUla rAMga-dveSa kaSAya hai| kaSAya se mana yA

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 269 citta raMga jAtA hai| rAga se raMgA huA mana prIti kA anubhava karatA hai aura prIti se lobha, mAyA, vAsanA aura parigraha ke prati moha jAgatA hai| dveSa ahaMkAra ko janma detA hai| ahaMkAra se krodha, ghRNA aura tiraskAra utpanna hotA hai, jisase du:khoM kI paramparA nirmANa hokara ananta sukha jisakA sahaja svabhAva hai vaha AtmA duHkhI banatI hai| usa para kaSAyoM ke kAraNa vividha AvaraNa Akara du:kha kA anubhava karane lagatI hai| usase mukta hone kA vyavasthita aura manovaijJAnika mArga yoga hai| jaina dharma ne sAre du:khoM kA mUla hiMsA mAnA hai aura parama mAMgalya ahiMsA ko| ahiMsA sabhI sukhoM kI jananI hai| ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA hai - prANimAtra ke prati samatA / buddha ne bhI zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA dvArA samatA lAne ko kahA hai aura bhagavad gItA kA to hArda hI samatA hai| Abhyantara vikAsa aura prajJA ke prakarSa ke lie yoga ke sivA koI dUsarA prabhAvazAlI mArga nahIM hai / jaina dharma meM RSabhadeva se lagAkara mahAvIra taka 24 tIrthaMkara paramayogI the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAdhanAkAla kA jo varNana milatA hai usameM dhyAna para adhika bhAra diyA gayA hai| unhoMne samatA kI aisI sAdhanA kI ki sAdhanAkAla meM jo bhayAnaka upasarga logoM kI ora se diye gaye ve samatA-pUrvaka sahana kiye| __yogadarzana se samAnatA rakhate hue bhI jaina darzana kA apanA eka vaiziSTya bhI hai| jaina darzana meM cittavRtti nirodha kA paryAyavAcI zabda saMvara prayukta hai| kintu mAtra saMvara ko mokSa meM prabhAvakArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra karmoM ke 'saMvara' ke sAtha-sAtha karmoM kI nirjarA' bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai aura isa nirjarA meM 'tapa' kA, vizeSakara dhyAna kA, mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| tapa ko pramukhatA dene ke kAraNa hI jaina paramparA ko 'zramaNa parAmparA' ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa' kA artha hai zrama' karane vAlA, arthAt tapasyA karane vAlA / saMkSepa meM jaina mukti-yAtrA kA pathika aise ratha para ArUr3ha hokara Age bar3hatA hai jisake do pahie haiN| una pahiyoM ko saMvara-nirjarA, jJAna-kriyA tathA nizcayavyavahAra Adi vividha rUpoM meM nirUpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isIlie jaina sAdhanA meM kAyotsarga kA atyanta mahattva hai| kAyA zarIra jisakA kSaNa - kSaNa meM parivartana hotA hai, utpAda-vyaya kA krama cala rahA hai, usa kAyA meM jo kucha cala rahA hai, use dekhanA, mana meM calane vAlI pratyeka vRtti, taraMga yA saMvedanA ko dekhanA,

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270 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi taTasthatApUrvaka dekhanA, bAhara se citta ko antarmukha karanA samyak darzana hai| use dekhane meM kisI prakAra kA rAgadveSa na ho, samatA-pUrvaka dekhanA yaha yogI kI dUsarI kriyA hai| pahalI kriyA kAyotsarga kI, jisameM kAyA ko bhUlakara sA~sa kA dhyAna karanA aura dUsarI kriyA meM zarIra meM calane vAlI kriyA ko sajaga hokara dekhanA / jaba mana ko bAharI duniyA~ se apane Apako dekhane meM lagAte haiM to sahaja meM vaha apane Apako dekhane meM kendrita hotA hai / aura cU~ki vaha rAga-dveSa se raMgA nahIM hotA hai to granthibaMdhana nahIM hotA aura naI granthi na baMdhane se manuSya nirgrantha banatA hai| na mAlUma hama isa rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa kitanI hI granthiyA~ bA~dhate jAte haiM, tanAva se becaina hote haiN| yadi hama baiThakara yA khar3e rahakara athavA to sokara kAyotsarga dvArA zarIra kA zithilIkaraNa kareM aura mana ko AtI aura jAtI sA~sa para kendrita kareM to hama zAnti aura tAjagI pA sakate haiN| ___hama zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA zarIra kA prakaMpana karate rahate haiM, mana vividha viSayoM meM ghUmatA hai to, usakA prakaMpana hotA hai aura vANI dvArA bhI prakaMpana hotA rahatA hai| isa zakti ko yadi hama eka sthAna para sthira baiThakara, zArIrika prakaMpanoM ko mauna dvArA vANI ke kAraNa hone vAle prakapaMnoM aura zvAsa kI ekAgratA dvArA mAnasika prakaMpano ko roka sakeM to svAbhAvika hI hamArI UrjA - zakti bacegI aura hama apane ApakI anubhUti lene ko use lagAyeMge aura sva ke darzana kA jo jJAna hogA vaha hameM samyak AcAra kI ora prerita kregaa| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne svayaM ukta tathya ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai ki yoga sAdhanA se mukti milatI hai| isa yoga sAdhanA kA varNana karane vAlI bhale hI aneka paramparAe~ hoM, kintu mUlata: unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| jaba sabhI paramparAoM kA sAdhya yA lakSya eka hai, taba varNana-zailI kI bhinnatA se unako pRthak pRthak yA bhinna-bhinna mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|' AcArya haribhadrasUrI ke mata meM samudra meM milane vAle vibhinna taTa mArgoM kI taraha sabhI yogasAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA lakSya vItarAga - pariNati' yA 'samatAbhAva' kI sAdhanA hai| ' ukta 1. mokSaheturyato yaugo bhidyate na tata: kvacit / . sadhyAbhedAt tathAbhAve tUktibhedo na kAraNam / - yogabindu - 3 2. yogadRSTi samuccaya - 128 (eka eva tu mArgo'pi teSAM zamaparAyaNaH / avasthA bheda-bhede'pi jaladhau tIramArgavat / / )

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271 samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... lakSya (saMsArAtIta avasthA-nirvANa) yadyapi samAna hai, kintu use vividha nAmoM se pukArate haiM, ataH zAbdika bheda hote hue bhI, tAtvika dRSTi se unameM bheda nahIM haiN| 1 / / jaina AdhyAtmika kSetra meM 'nizcaya' aura 'vyavahAra' - ye do dRSTiyA~ prasiddha haiN| nizcaya dRSTi nirapekSa AtmaniSTha vyApAroM ko viSaya karatI hai, jabaki vyavahAra dRSTi sApekSa AtmAtrita vyApAra ko, yA anAtmAtrita pariNAmoM ko bhI AtmIya mAnatI hai| A0 haribhadrasUri ne ukta dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para 'yoga' ke do bheda kie haiM - (1) nizcaya aura (2) vyavahAra yoga / ' yahA~ A. haribhadrasUri ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina do dRSTiyoM kI bhedaka-rekhA kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki 'nizcaya yoga' vaha hai jo phala ko binA vilamba kie niyamata: prApta karAtA hai| isI prakAra 'vyavahAra yoga' vaha hai jisameM phala ko prApta karAne kI sAmAnya (paramparayA) yogyatA hai| 3 samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa tInoM ratnoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha honA, arthAt AtmA kA ratnatraya rUpa hokara sthita honA, 'nizcayayoga' hai / ukta ratnatraya ke kAraNa rUpa se jo dhArmika vyApAra prasiddha hai, jaise guru-vinaya, guru-sevA, tattvajJAna ko sunane kI utkaMThA evaM zAstrokta anuSThAna kA pAlana aura zAstra niSiddha karttavyoM kA anAcaraNa Adi, ye saba vyavahAra yoga' ke antargata parigaNita karane yogya haiN| kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane kI dRSTi se yoga ke sAdhaka ukta anuSThAnoM ko bhI 'yoga' rUpa se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 'vyavahArayoga' 'nizcayayoga' meM sAdhana hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ke anusAra ukta 'vyavahAra yoga' ke pAlana se utkRSTa ratnatraya kI avazya prApti hotI hai| 5 'vyavahArayoga' kA sAdhaka bhI yogasAdhanA kI ora gatizIla hone ke kAraNa 'yogI' kahalAtA hai| 6 1. yogadRSTi samuccaya , 127 - 130 2. iha yaugo dvidhA - nizcayato vyavahAratazceti (yogazataka 2 para svopajJa TIkA) 3. yogazataka 2, 4 kI svopajJa TIkA 4. dra0 yogazataka, 2-5 5. yogazataka - 6 6. yogazataka - 7

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272 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi ukta nizcaya yoga aura vyavahAra yoga' donoM ko samaSTi rUpa se AcArya haribhadrasUri ne mahAyoga' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA hai, aura isa ke antargata dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA Adi pravRtti paraka evaM nivRtti-paraka donoM dharmoM kA samAveza kiyA hai|' __ yoga sAdhaka kI mana:sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para, yoga ke tIna bheda kie gae haiN| ve haiM : (1) icchAyoga (2) zAstrayoga, aura (3) sAmarthya yoga / icchA, zAstra aura sAmarthya - inakI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa tInoM yogoM kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| icchAyoga' ke sAdhaka meM yogAbhyAsa kI tIvratama icchA hote hue bhI pramAdavaza abhyAsa karanA saMbhava nahIM ho paataa| 'zAstrayoga' ke sAdhaka meM zAstroM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI sAdhanA meM pravRtti kA sAmarthya nahIM hotA / 'sAmarthyayoga' kA sAdhaka yogasAdhanA meM pravRtta hone ke sAmarthya se yukta hotA isI prakAra jaina dharma meM yogadRSTiyoM ke ATha bheda varNita kie gae haiM : (1) mitrA, (2) tArA, (3) balA, (4) dIprA, (5) sthirA, (6) kAntA, (7) prabhA, (8) parA 2 ukta AThoM dRSTiyA~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramika zreNiyA~ haiN| ina sabameM kisI na kisI mAtrA meM dhArmika pravRtti kA sadbhAva rahatA hai, isalie inheM yogadRSTi' ke antargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| .. adhyAtma-yoga sAdhanA meM sAdhaka ke lie Antarika sadguNa hI sahAyaka kA kArya karate haiN| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne yoga-siddhi ke sAdhanoM ke rUpa meM jina Antarika guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : - (1) utsAha, (2) nizcaya, (3) dhairya, (4) santoSa, (5) tattvadarzana aura (6) janapadatyAga (arthAt apane paricita sthAna Adi kA tyAga, yA sAdhAraNa laukika vyaktiyoM dvArA aMgIkRta caryA kA tyAga) 3 isake atirikta, yoga sAdhanA meM (1) zAstra parizIlana, (2) anumAna yA yukti kA AzrayaNa yA prayoga, (3) dhyAna kA abhyAsa - ina tIna sAdhanoM kI mahattA bhI pratipAdita 1. dharmyastu samyagdarzanAdirUpo dAnazIlatapo bhAvanAmaya:sAmravAnAsavAM mahAyogAtmakaH / (lalita vistarA pR0.63) 2. yogadRSTi samu0 - 12 - 13 3. yogabindu - 411

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 273 kI gaI hai| ina tIna sAdhanoM se prajJA yA buddhi uttarottara saMskArita va pariSkRta hotI jAtI hai, aura phalasvarUpa uttama yoga kI prApti kA phala nikaTa hotA jAtA hai| ' yoga sAdhanA meM puruSArtha kI saphalatA tabhI saMbhava hotI hai jaba vaha AtmA aura karma ke svabhAva ke pratikUla na ho / vastu-svabhAva kA ullaMghana kisI bhI taraha saMbhava nahIM hai| isIlie AtmA va karmoM ke svarUpa Adi kA jJAna kara, unake svabhAva ke anukUla prayatna kiyA jAnA lAbhaprada hotA hai / mAtra puruSArtha se kArya-siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai / 2 ___ jaina paramparA meM samasta kriyAoM meM bhAvoM kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai / bhAvoM kI prazastatA - aprazastatA ke AdhAra para hI kisI kArya kI prazastatA - aprazastatA nirbhara hotI hai / ukta manovaijJAnika tathya ko A. haribhadrasUri ne yoga sAdhanA ke krama meM bhI vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| jisa prakAra bhojya padArtha eka hI ho, kintu agara rogI vyakti use khAe to vaha padArtha ahitakArI hotA hai, usI bhojya padArtha ko svastha vyakti khAtA hai to vaha usake lie kalyANakArI hotA hai / isa prakAra, eka hI bhojya padArtha kI - usake sevana karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI sthiti ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna pariNati hotI dekhI jAtI hai, usI prakAra, yoga-sAdhaka kI Antarika sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para anuSThAnoM kI prazastatA meM tAratamya saMbhava hotA hai| 3. anuSThAna - kartA kI bhUmikAoM ke bheda se anuSThAnoM ke pA~ca prakAra pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) viSa anuSThAna, (2) gara anuSThAna, (3) ananuSThAna, (4) tadhetuanuSThAna (5) amRtAnuSThAna / ina pA~coM meM pahale tIna anuSThAna asat mAne gae haiM, aura antima do ko sadanuSThAna ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| inameM pA~cavA~ amRtAnuSThAna hI sarvazreSTha hai, kyoMki isakA sambandha ajJAna ke ugra viSa ke abhAva se hai| apunarbandhaka Adi yogAdhikAriyoM ke anuSThAna prazasta hI hote haiM / . yoga ke bheda aura unakA AdhAra jaina zAstra meM (1) adhyAtma, (2) bhAvanA, (3) dhyAna, (4) samatA aura (5) vRttisaMkSaya, aise pA~ca bheda yoga ke kiye haiN| pAtaMjala darzana meM yoga ke (1) samprajJAta 1. yogabindu - 411 2. yogabindu - 413 - 415 3. yogabindu - 153

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274 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi aura (2) asamprajJAta, aise do bheda haiN| jo mokSa kA sAkSAt avyavahita kAraNa ho arthAt jisake prApta hone ke bAda turaMta hI mokSa ho, vahI yathArtha meM yoga kahA jA sakatA hai| aisA yoga jainazAstra meM saMketAnusAra vRttisaMkSaya aura pAtaMjaladarzana ke saMketAnusAra asamprajJAta hI hai| ataeva yaha prazna hotA hai ki yoga ke jo itane bheda kiye jAte haiM, unakA AdhAra kyA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki alabattA vRttisaMkSaya kiMvA asamprajJAta hI mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hone se vAstava meM yoga hai / tathApi vaha yoga kisI vikAsagAmI AtmA ko pahale hI pahala prApta nahIM hotA, kintu isake pahale vikAsa krama ke anusAra aise uneka AMtaraki dharma-vyApAra karane par3ate hai, jo uttarottara vikAsa ko bar3hAnevAle aura aMta meM usa vAstavika yoga taka pahu~cAne vAle hote haiN| ve saba dharma-vyApAra yoga ke kAraNa hone se arthAt vRttisaMkSaya yA asamprajJAta yoga ke sAkSAt kiMvA paramparA se hetu hone se yoga kahe jAte haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki yoga ke bhedoM kA AdhAra vikAsa kA krama hai| yadi vikAsa kramika na hokara eka hI bAra pUrNatayA prApta ho jAtA to yoga ke bheda nahIM kiye jAte / ataeva vRttisaMkSaya jo mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai, usako pradhAna yoga samajhanA cAhie aura usake pahale ke jo aneka dharma vyApAra yogakoTi meM gine jAte haiM, ve pradhAna yoga ke kAraNa hone se yoga kahe jAte haiM / ina saba vyApAroM kI samaSTi ko pAtaMjaladarzana meM samprajJAta kahA hai aura jaina zAstra meM zuddhi ke tara-tama bhAvAnusAra usa samaSTi ke adhyAtma Adi cAra bheda kiye haiN| vRttisaMkSaya ke prati sAkSAt kiMvA paraMparA se kAraNa hone vAle vyApAroM ko jaba yoga kahA gayA, taba yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki ye pUrvabhAvI vyApAra kaba se lene caahie| kintu isakA uttara pahale hI diyA gayA hai ki carama pudgalaparAvarta kAla se jo vyApAra kiye jAte haiM, ve hI yoga koTi meM gine jAne cAhie / isakA sababa yaha hai ki sahakArI nimitta milate hI, ve saba vyApAra mokSa ke anukUla arthAt dharma-vyApAra ho jAte haiM / isake viparIta kitane hI sahakArI kAraNa kyoM na mileM, para acarama pudgala-parAvartakAlIna vyApAra mokSa ke anukUla nahIM hote| 2. tapa tapa eka aisA prazasta yoga hai jo AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3a detA hai; usakA pariSkAra kara use paramAtma-svarUpa banA detA hai| AcArya Asasena ke zabdoM meM- "sarveSvapi tapoyoga, prazasta: -----" sabhI sAdhanoM meM tapa yoga prazasta hai|

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 275 jo saMyamI hotA hai, vaha tapasvI bhI hotA hai| tapa arthAt puruSArtha / jIvana ko U~cA uThAne ke lie, zuddha banAne ke lie, sAttvika banAne ke lie puruSArtha atyanta Avazyaka hai| zarIra vikAragrasta, pramAdabahula aura kaSAyasaMkula na bane, isake lie pratipala sajaga, sakriya aura apramAdI rahanA par3atA hai| yahI tapasyA hai| zramaNa - saMskRti meM nihita zrama zabda Atmazuddhi ke lie kie jAne vAle puruSArtha kA pratIka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM - "suvaNNarUpassa hu panvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asaMkhayA / eassa khudassa Na tehiM kiMci, icchA hu AyAsasamA annNtiyaa|" - uttarAdhyayana a09 yadi kailAsa parvata ke samAna bhI saune-cA~dI ke asaMkhya parvata ho jAyeM to bhI manuSya ko santoSa nahIM hotA kyoMki icchA to AkAza kI taraha anaMta hai| ata: jIvana meM zAntipUrNa pragati ke lie indriyoM para nigraha aura icchAoM para niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya hai aura yaha indriya-nigraha tapa dvArA hI susAdhya hai| eka-eka indriya, ke vazIbhUta hone para bhI prANiyoM kI kaisI dayanIya sthiti banatI hai ! karNendriya yA zrotrendriya ke vazIbhUta banakara hariNa vINA kI madhura dhvani meM Asakta bana jAtA hai aura zikArI ke hAthoM prANoM se hAtha dho baiThatA hai| dIpaka ke prakAza meM matavAlA banA pataMgA kevala eka A~kha ke viSaya meM lubdha banakara jIvana kI Ahuti de detA hai| isI prakAra puSpa - parAga meM pAgala banakara bhauMrA eka ghrANendriya (nAsikA) ko tRpta karane ke lie sUryAsta hone para phUla meM banda ho jAtA hai aura jIvanalIlA samApta kara detA hai| rasanendriya (jihvA) meM lubdha banI huI machalI machue ke dvArA jAla meM phaMsA lI jAtI hai aura kevala sparzendriya meM vazIbhUta hAthI khaDDe meM DAlA jAkara bandhanoM meM jakar3a liyA jAtA hai| ___jahA~ eka indriya meM bhI Asakta banane para prANiyoM kI aisI durdazA bana jAtI hai vahA~ pUrI indriyoM ke vazavartI hone para jIvana kI kyA dazA bana sakatI hai yaha svataH spaSTa hai| ata: jIvana meM Ananda aura zakti tathA jIvana-vikAsa ke lie indriya-nigraha Avazyaka hai aura indriya nigraha ke lie tapa /

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276 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi mAnavajIvana meM tapa kA viziSTa sthAna hai| saMyama va niyama ke binA mAnava vikAsasambhava hI nhiiN| tyAga-tapazcaryA AdhyAtmika va Atmika sukha kI sIr3hI hai| isake zakti ke sAgara ke zAnta pravAhoM meM vairiyoM ke vaimanasya laya ho jAte haiM aura virodhaka zaktiyoM ke pracaNDa bala bhI dhIre - dhIre zAnta par3a jAte haiN| tapa kA mahattva va gaurava usake pIche rahe hue kisI udAtta hetu evaM bhAvabuddhi para avalambita hai tathA Atmika sukha-prApti hI isakA pramukha dhyeya honA caahie| tapa ke mahattva aura svarUpa meM aMtagaDadasA, bhagavatIsUtra, opapAtika attavAiya, uttarAdhyayana aura sthAnAMga sUtra bhare par3e haiN| anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezAH bAhya tapaH / 19 / prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / 20 / anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza - ye bAhya tapa haiN| prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna - ye Abhyantara tapa haiN| vAsanAoM ko kSINa karane tathA samucita AdhyAtmika zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie zarIra, indriya aura mana ko jina-jina upAyoM se tapAyA jAtA hai ve sabhI tapa kahe jAte haiM / tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara do bheda haiM / bAhya tapa vaha hai jisameM zArIrika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho tathA jo bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA sahita hone se dUsaroM ko dikhAI de| Abhyantara tapa vaha hai jisameM mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho tathA jo mukhya rUpa se bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA se rahita hone se dUsaroM ko dikhAI na bhI de / sthUla tathA logoM dvArA jJAta hone para bhI bAhya tapa kA Abhyantara tapa kI puSTi meM upayogI hone se hI mahattva mAnA gayA hai / bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa ke vargIkaraNa meM samagra sthUla aura sUkSma dhArmika niyamoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| bAhya tapa : bAhya tapa ke cha: prakAra ye haiM - 1. anazana viziSTa avadhi taka yA AjIvana saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA / inameM pahalA itvarika aura dUsarA yAvatkathika hai| 2. avamaudarya yA anodarI - jitanI bhUkha ho usase kama AhAra karanA / 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna - vividha vastuoM kI lAlasA kama karanA / 4. rasaparityAga - ghI,

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, napa, AdhyAtmika,.... 277 dUdha Adi tathA madya, madhu, makkhana Adi vikAravardhaka rasoM kA tyAga karanA / 5. vivikta zayyAsana - bAdhArahita ekAnta sthAna meM rahanA / 6. kAyakleza - ThaMDa, garamI yA vividha AsanAdi dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa denA / Abhyantara tapa Abhyantara tapa ke chaH prakAra ye haiM - 1. prAyazcitta - dhAraNa kie hue vrata meM pramAdajanita doSoM kA zodhana karanA / 2. vinaya - jJAna Adi sadguNoM meM AdarabhAva / 3. vaiyAvRttya - yogya sAdhanoM ko juTAkara athavA apane Apako kAma meM lagAkara sevAzuzrUSA karanA / vinaya aura vaiyAvRttya meM yahI antara hai ki vinaya mAnasika dharma hai aura vaiyAvRttya zArIrika dharma hai / 4. svAdhyAya - jJAna prApti ke lie vividha prakAra kA citta adhyayana karanA / 5. vyutsarga- ahaMtA aura mamatA kA tyAga karanA / 6. dhyAna ke vikSepoM kA tyAga karanA / 19 20 / - (1) kAyotsarga dharma yA zulka - dhyAna ke lie ekAgra hokara zarIra para se mamatA kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga hai / kAyotsarga ko yathArtha rUpa meM karane ke lie isa ke doSoM kA parihAra karanA caahie| ve ghoTaka Adi doSa saMkSepa meM unnIsa haiM ( A. ni., gA. 1546-1547) / I AcArya akalaka ne vyutsarga kI paribhASA kI hai - niHsaMgatA - anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga / vyutsarga isI AdhAra para TikA huA hai / dharma ke lie, AtmasAdhanA ke lie apane-Apako utsarga karane kI vidhi hI vyutsarga hai / vyutsarga ke gaNa vyutsarga, zarIra vyutsarga, upadhivyutsarga aura bhaktapAna vyutsarga ye cAra bheda haiN| - zarIra vyutsarga kA nAma kAyotsarga hai / kAyotsarga se deha kI jar3atA aura buddhI kI jar3atA dUra hotI hai, arthAt vAta Adi dhAtuoM kI viSamatA dUra hotI hai aura buddhi kI mandatA dUra hokara vicArazakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / sukha - duHkha titIkSA arthAta anukala aura pratikUla donoM prakAra ke saMyogo meM samabhAva se rahane kI zakti kAyotsarga se prakaTa hotI 1. tatvArthasUtra 218, 216, zloka 16- 20 2. niHsaMga nabhiyatva jIvitAzA vyudAsAdhartho vyutsargaH / 3. bhagavatIsUtra 25 / 7 tattvArtha rAjavartikA dvazdA 10

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278 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai / bhAvanA aura dhyAna kA abhyAsa bhI kAyotsarga se hI puSTa hotA hai| aticAra kA cintana bhI kAyotsarga meM ThIka-ThIka ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra dekhA jAya to kAyotsarga bahuta mahattva kI kriyA hai / kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA karate samaya devatA, manuSya tathA tiryaMca sambandhI upasarga bhI ho sakate haiM, sAdhaka una upasargoM ko samyak prakAra se sahana kare tabhI usakA kAyotsarga zuddha ho sakatA hai / kAyotsarga jIvana kI pratidina kI sAdhanA hai, vaha Avazyaka hai / usameM kSaNa-kSaNa meM kAyotsarga kI bhAvanA karanI caahie| bhagavAna ne kahA- abhikkhaNaM kAussaggakArI - abhIkSNa punaH punaH kAyotsarga karatA rhe| vaha prati samaya yaha abhyAsa kare ki zarIra anya hai aura AtmA anya hai / prakArAntara se kAyotsarga ke do bheda haiM- (1) dravya kAyotsarga (2) bhAva kAyotsarga / dravya meM kAya ceSTA kA nizedha hotA hai aura bhAva meM dharma evaM zulka dhyAna meM ramaNa hotA hai / OP kAyotsarga kI yogyatA pratikramaNa kara lene para hI AtI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba taka pratikramaNa dvArA pApa kI AlocanA karake citta-zuddhi na kI jAya, taba taka dharmadhyAna yA zukladhyAna ke lie ekAgratA saMpAdana karane kA, jo kAyotsarga kA uddezya hai, vaha kisI taraha saddhi nahIM ho sakatA / AlocanA ke dvArA citta zuddhi kiye binA jo kAyotsarga karatA hai, usake mu~ha se cAhe kisI zabda-vizeSa kA japa huA kare, lekina usake dila meM ucca dhyeya kA vicAra kabhI nahIM AtA / vaha anubhUta viSayoM kA hI cintana kiyA karatA hai 1 - kAyotsarga karake jo vizeSa citta zuddhi, ekAgratA aura Atmabala prApta karatA hai, vahI pratyAkhyAna kA saccA adhikArI hai| jisane ekAgratA prApta nahIM kI hai aura saMkalpabala bhI paidA nahIM kiyA hai, vaha yadi pratyAkhyAna kara bhI le to bhI usakA ThIka-ThIka nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA / pratyAkhyAna sabase Upara kI 'Avazyaka kriyA' hai| usake lie viziSTa citta zuddhi aura vizeSa utsAha kI darakAra hai, jo kAyotsarga kiye binA paidA nahIM ho sakate / isI abhiprAya se kAyotsarga ke pazcAt pratyAkhyAna rakhA gayA hai / I 1. Avazyaka niyukti 1549 so puNa kAussaggo davvato bhAvato ya bhavati / davvato kAyaceDA nArado bhavato kAussaggo jhANaM // Avazyaka cUNI

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,. 279 kAyotsarga citta kI ekAgratA paidA karatA hai aura AtmA ko apanA svarUpa vicArane kA avasara detA hai, jisase AtmA nirbhaya banakara apanA kaThinatama uddezya siddha kara sakatI hai| isI kAraNa kAyotsargakriyA AdhyAtmika hai / kAyotsarga tapa meM sabase pramukha hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Agama sAhitya meM kAussagga kohI pUrNa vyutsarga tapa batA diyA hai| kAyotsarga meM jo sAdhaka siddha ho jAtA hai vaha sampUrNa vyutsarga tapa meM bhI siddha ho jAtA hai / anazana se lekara vyutsarga taka ina bAraha tapoM kA eka askhalita krama hai tapa dhArA kA yaha eka nirmala pravAha hai jo nirantara vikAsa pAtA hai / uparyukta varNana se yaha spaSTa hai, ki jaina dharma kA tapa kAyadanDa rupa nahIM hai, apitu usane mAnasika zuddhi para bhI utanA hI bala diyA hai| (3) dhyAna citta ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karanA dhyAna kahA gayA hai, tathA use nirjarA evaM saMvara kA kAraNa bhI batAyA hai| mana kI ekAgra avasthA kA nAma dhyAna hai / AcArya hemacandra ne kahA apane viSaya meM (dhyeya meM) mana kA ekAgra ho jAnA dhyAna hai AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai ki - citta ko kisI bhI viSaya para sthira karanA, ekAgra karanA dhyAna hai| ' AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne to dhyAna kI paribhASA karate hue kahA - "zubhaika pratyayo zubha aura pavitra Alambana para ekAgra honA dhyAna hai / 3 dhyAnam d z' pavitra vicAro meM mana ko sthira karanA dharma dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to AtmA kA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ke viSaya meM socanA, cintana karanA dhyAna hai / ' 1. jainadharma meM tapaH svarupa aura vizleSaNa pR. 523 2. dhyAnaM tu viSaye tasminnekapratyaya - saMtatiH / 3. cittassegaggayA havai jhANaM / 4. dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA 18/11 5. tattvAnuzAsana 74 - 2 abhidhAna cintAmaNi koSa 1 / 48 Avazyaka niyukti 1456

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280 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi vastuta: citta ko kisI eka vastu athavA bindu para kendrita karanA kaThina hai, kyoMki yaha kisI bhI viSaya para antarmuhUrta se jyAdA Tika nahIM pAtA tathA eka muhUrta dhyAna meM vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt yaha sthira nahIM rahatA aura yadi ho bhI jAya to vaha cintana kahalAyegA athavA Alambana kI bhinnatA se dUsarA dhyAna kahalAyegA / prakArAntara se dhyAna athavA samAdhi vaha hai, jisameM saMsAra-baMdhanoM ko tor3anevAle vAkyoM ke artha kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai arthAt samasta karmamala naSTa hone para sirpha vAkyoM kA Alambana lekara AtmasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / dhyAna ko sAmya bhAva batAte hue kahA hai ki yogI jaba dhyAna meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai, taba use dvaita jJAna rahatA hI nahIM aura vaha samasta rAgadveSAdi sAMsArikatA se Upara uThakara cit svarUpa AtmA ke hI dhyAna meM nimagna ho jAtA hai| dhyAna meM Alambana ke do prakAra mAne gaye haiM - rUpI aura arUpI / arUpI Alambana mukta AtmA ko mAnA gayA hai| tathA ise atIndriya hone ke kAraNa anAlambana yoga bhI kahA gayA hai| rUpI Alambana indriyagamya mAnA gayA hai aura batAyA hai ki donoM hI dhyAna chadmasthoM ke hote haiM / yadyapi rUpI athavA Alambana ke dhyAna ke adhikArI yogI chaThe guNasthAna taka apane cAritra kA vikAsa karane meM sakSama hote haiM tathA anAlambana ke adhikArI sAtaveM se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka / jaba sAlambana dhyAna hI sAMsArika vastuoM se haTakara AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpadarzana meM tIvra abhilaSita ho jAtA hai, taba nirAlamba dhyAna kI niSpatti hotI hai / AtmasAkSAtkAra hone para dhyAna raha hI nahIM jAtA, kyoMki dhyAna eka viziSTa prayatna kA nAma hai, jo kevalajJAna ke pahale yA yoga nirodha karate samaya kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra nirAlamba dhyAna kI siddhi ho jAne para saMsArAvasthA baMda ho jAtI hai aura isake bAda kevalajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM "ayoga' nAmaka sthiti prakaTa hotI hai, jo paramanirvANa kA hI apara nAma hai| jaina dRSTi se jaise yoga kI ATha zreNiyA~ batAI haiM vaise hI dhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM - 1 ArtadhyAna, 2. raudradhyAna, 3. dharmadhyAna, 4. zukladhyAna / ___ ArtadhyAna kI utpatti mohayukta kAmanAoM se hotI hai| iSTa viyoga, aniSTa yoga, roga aura tRSNA / manuSya jisa vastu kI cAha rakhatA hai, jise pAnA cAhatA hai vaha na milane, vastu kA viyoga hone se vaha Akranda karatA hai, zoka karatA hai, A~sU bahAtA hai, vilApa karatA hai| vaise hI jo bAta nahIM cAhatA vaha AtI hai use TAlane ke lie kiyA huA cintana yA

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,...." 281 dhyAna ArttadhyAna hai| vaise rogoM ke kAraNa tathA tRSNA ke kAraNa citta kI ekAgratA ho to use ArtadhyAna kahA hai, jo Atmahita kI dRSTi se aniSTa hai / - dUsarA raudradhyAna, jisakI utpatti pApamaya pravRttiyoM se hotI hai / hiMsA, asatya tathA parigraha ke kAraNa bhAvoM meM malinatA AtI hai| citta kaluSita karane meM raudradhyAna sahAyaka hotA hai / raudradhyAna Atmahita meM bAdhaka hotA hai| dharma aura zukla dhyAna kalyANa-prada haiM / dharma kA artha hai vastu-svabhAva / vastu meM ananta dharma hote haiM, ananta paryAya hote haiN| hameM bahuta kama paryAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai| zeSa ajJAta hote haiN| ajJAta paryAyoM kA jJAna karAne meM dhyAna upayukta sAdhana hai| ___ jJAnI muniyoM ne jina sUkSma dravyoM aura paryAyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA ve hamArI buddhi ke lie gamya nahIM haiM para ve dhyAna se jAne jAte haiN| dharmadhyAna saddhyAna mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isa dhyAna se jIva kA rAgabhAva maMda hotA hai aura vaha Atmacintana kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha dhyAna Atma-vikAsa kA prathama caraNa hai| sthAnAMga meM isa dhyAna ko zruta, cAritra evaM dharma se yukta kahA hai / dharmadhyAna usake hotA hai, jo dasa dharmoM kA pAlana karatA hai, indriya-viSayoM se nivRtta hotA hai tathA prANiyoM kI dayA meM rata hotA hai| jJAnasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki zAstra-vAkyoM ke arthoM, dharmamArgaNAoM, vratoM, guptiyoM, samitiyoM, bhAvanAoM Adi kA cintana karanA dharma-dhyAna hai| isa prakAra ise moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kA nija pariNAmI mAnA gayA hai aura samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra rUpa dharma-cintana kA paryAya kahA gayA hai| ___ dharma-dhyAna ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie yogI ko dhyAtA, dhyeya, dhyAna, phala, dhyAna kA svAmI, jahA~ (dhyAna yogya kSetra), jaba (dhyAna yogya kAla) tathA jaise (dhyAna yogya avasthA) mudrAoM ko ThIka taraha se samajhanA cAhie / arthAt yogI ko indriyoM ko zAnta evaM manonigraha karane vAlI yathAvasthita vastu kA Alambana lete hue ekAgracitta hokara dhyAna karanA caahie| nirvighna dhyAna deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anusAra sampAdita hotA hai aura isake lie jJAna, darzana, cAritra, aura vairAgya apekSita haiM, jinase sahajatayA mana ko sthira kiyA jAtA hai, karmoM ko rokA jAtA hai tathA vItarAgatA Adi guNoM ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne dharma - dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha ina cAra bhAvanAoM ke cintana para jora diyA hai|

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282 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi mAnasika caMcalatA ke kAraNa sAdhaka kA mana ekAeka sthira nahIM ho pAtA, ata: sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha sthUla vastu kA Alambana lekara hI sUkSma vastu kI ora bddh'e| dhyAna meM Asaktivaza bAra-bAra unhIM bAtoM kI yAda AtI rahatI hai jo jIvana meM ghaTita huI hoN| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki Alambana ke AdhAra para dharmadhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai - (1) AjJA vicaya, (2) apAya vicaya, (3) vipAka vicaya tathA (4) saMsthAna vicy| "vicaya" zabda kA artha cintana karanA hai| ___ dhyAna ke lie yogyatA prApta karane ke lie prathama cAra bhAvanA kA abhyAsa upayogI hotA hai - (1) jJAna bhAvanA (2) darzana bhAvanA (3) cAritra bhAvanA (4) vairAgya bhAvanA jJAna ke abhyAsa meM sAdhaka kA mana jJAna meM lIna hotA hai| darzana bhAvanA se - apane Apako dekhane ke prayatna se mAnasika mUr3hatA kA nirasana hotA hai / cAritra bhAvanA se vyavahAra meM samatA kA abhyAsa kiyA jAne kA saMketa hai aura vairAgya bhAvanA se jagata ke svabhAva kA yathArtha darzana hokara Asakti, bhaya aura AkAMkSA se mukta rahane kA abhyAsa hotA hai| bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa meM dhyAna ke lie mAnasika sthiratA prApta hotI hai| dhyAna kA samatva ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai| samatA aura viSamatA kA jIvana para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| zarIra sama hotA hai taba snAyu saMsthAna ThIka kAma karatA hai aura viSama banatA hai to snAyu saMsthAna kI kriyAe~ avyavasthita ho jAtI haiN| __ zarIra kI samatA kA mana para prabhAva hotA hai aura mana kI samatA kA AtmA para asara hotA hai| mAnasika viSamatA se cetanA meM asthiratA AtI hai / hAni-lAbha, sukha-duHkha, rAga-dveSa se mAnasika sthitiyA~ viSama banatI haiM / mana kI caMcalatA bar3hatI hai| jaba ina sthitiyoM kA mana ke sAtha lagAva nahIM hotA taba cetanA sahaja meM sthira hotI hai / yahI avasthA dhyAna kI hai| isIlie AcArya zubhacandra ne samabhAva ko dhyAna kahA hai| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki samatA kI sAdhanA ke binA dhyAna korI biDambanA hai|

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 283 dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie cAra bAteM jaina sAdhanA meM apekSita mAnI gaI haiN| guru kA mArgadarzana, zraddhA, satata abhyAsa aura sthira mana / jabaki pataMjali ne abhyAsa kI dRr3hatA ke tIna hetu batAye haiM - 1. dIrghakAla, 2. nirantaratA aura 3. satkAra / (4) AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama yoga siddhi ke lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa atIva Avazyaka hai| vyAvahArika paribhASA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa hI cAritra-vikAsa hai aura isa AdhyAtmika athavA Atmika vikAsa - krama meM hI vairAgya tathA samatAbhAva kA udaya hotA hai, jo yoga kA pramukha aMga hai| yadyapi AtmA svabhAvata: zuddha hai, parantu jaba vaha avidyA, karma athavA mAyA ke bandhana meM hotI hai taba vikRta hokara nAnA prapaMcoM athavA vibhinna acche-bure karmoM kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| ata: AtmA kI parizuddhi ke lie AcAra sambandhI vrata-niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hotA hai, tAki samasta karmamala kA nAza ho sake aura naye karmoM kA baMdhana bhI ruka sake / inhIM avidyAoM, karmoM athavA mAyA - prapaMcoM ko dUra karane aura AtmA ko vizuddha avasthA meM lAne kA prayatna vibhinna yoga - paramparAoM kA abhISTa hai; kyoMki vizuddha AtmA hI mokSa kI adhikArI hai / isa dRSTi se yoga ke sandarbha meM AdhyAtmika athavA Atmika vikAsa kA varNana vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina tInoM paramparAoM meM huA hai| . (1) jaina paramparA meM : Agama sAhitya meM kahIM para bhI guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| samavAyAMga meM guNasthAna ke sthAna para jIvasthAna zabda AyA hai| guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga karmagrantha meM milatA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra meM jIvoM ko guNa kahA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra caudaha jIvasthAna karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama Adi kI bhAvAbhAvajanita avasthAoM se niSpanna hote haiM / pariNAma aura pariNAmI kA abhedopacAra karane se jIvasthAna ko guNasthAna kahA hai| gommaTasAra meM guNasthAna ko jIva samAsa bhI kahA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalAvRtti ke anusAra jIva guNoM meM rahate haiM etadartha unheM jIva-samAsa kahA hai| karma ke udaya se utpanna guNa audayika haiN| karma ke upazama se utpanna guNa opazamika haiM / karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna guNa kSAyopazamika haiN| karma ke kSaya se utpanna guNa kSAyika haiN| karma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama ke binA utpanna guNa pAriNAmika haiN| ina guNoM ke kAraNa jIva ko bhI guNa kahA jAtA hai / jIvasthAna ko pazcAtvUrvI sAhitya meM isI dRSTi se

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284 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika-vidyA ke pratyeka abhyAsI kI yaha svAbhAvika jijJAsA hotI hai ki AtmA kisa prakAra aura kisa krama se AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatI hai, tathA use vikAsa ke samaya kaisI-kaisI avasthA kA anubhava hotA hai| to anya saMsArI jIvoM kI Antarika zuddhi ke tara-tamabhAva kI pUrI vaijJAnika jA~ca karake guNa-sthAna-krama kI racanA kI gaI hai| isase yaha batalAnA yA samajhanA sarala ho gayA hai ki amuka prakAra kI Antarika azuddhi yA zuddhivAlA jIva, itanI hI prakRtiyoM ke bandha kA, udaya - udIraNA kA aura sattA kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| __jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa zuddha jJAnamaya aura paripUrNa sukhamaya hai jise jaina paribhASA meM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya kahA gayA hai / isa svarUpa ko vikRta yA AvRta karane kA kArya karmoM kA hai| karmAvaraNa kI ghana-ghora ghaTAe~ jaba gaharI chA jAtI haiM taba Atmika zakti kI jyoti manda ho jAtI hai| kintu jyoM-jyoM karmoM kA AvaraNa chaMTatA jAtA hai athavA zithila hotA jAtA hai tyoMtyoM AtmA kI zakti prakaTa hotI jAtI hai| prathama guNasthAna meM Atmazakti kA prakAza atyanta manda hotA hai / kramaza: agale guNasthAnoM meM yaha prakAza abhivRddhi ko prApta hotA hai / caudahaveM guNasthAna meM AtmA pUrNa vizuddha avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtI hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzAnAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye Atmazakti ko AcchAdita karane vAle AvaraNa haiN| ina cAra prakAra ke AvaraNoM meM mohanIya rUpa AvaraNa mukhya hai / moha kI tIvratA aura mandatA para anya AvaraNoM kI tIvratA aura mandatA avalambita hai| etadartha hI guNasthAnoM kI vyavasthA meM moha kI tIvratA aura mandatA para adhika lakSya diyA gayA hai| moha ke mukhya do bheda haiM - darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / darzana mohanIya ke kAraNa vaha yathArtha zraddhA se dUra rahatA hai| usakA vicAra, cintana aura dRSTi samyak nahIM ho pAtI / cAritra mohanIya ke kAraNa vivekayukta AcaraNa meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / isa prakAra mohanIya karma ke kAraNa samyak darzana nahI hotA hai| AtmA kI avasthA kisI samaya ajJAnapUrNa hotI hai| vaha avasthA sabase prathama hone ke kAraNa nikRSTa hai / usa avasthA se AtmA apane svAbhAvika cetanA, cAritra Adi guNoM ke vikAsa kI badaulata nikalatI hai aura dhIre-dhIre una zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke anusAra utkrAnti karatI huI vikAsa kI pUrNa kalA yAne aMtima hada ko pahu~ca jAtI hai| pahalI nikRSTa avasthA se nikalakara vikAsa kI

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 285 AkhirI bhUmi ko pAnA hI AtmA kA parama sAdhya hai| isa parama sAdhya kI siddhi hone taka AtmA ko eka ke bAda dUsarI, dUsarI ke bAda tIsarI aisI kramika aneka avasthAoM meM se gujaranA par3atA hai| inhIM avasthAoM kI zreNI ko 'vikAsa krama' yA 'utkrAMti mArga' kahate haiM; aura jaina - zAstrIya paribhASA meM use 'guNasthAna - krama' kahate haiM / isa vikAsa krama ke samaya hone vAlI AtmA kI bhinna bhinna avasthAoM kA saMkSepa 14 bhAgoM meM kara diyA - hai / ye 14 bhAga guNasthAna ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / digambara sAhitya meM 'guNasthAna' artha meM saMkSepa, ogha sAmAnya aura jIvasamAsa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / 14 guNasthAnoM meM prathama kI apekSA dUsarA, dUsare kI apekSA tIsarA isa prakAra pUrva- pUrvavartI guNasthAna kI apekSA para paravartI guNasthAnoM meM vikAsa kI mAtrA adhika rahatI hai| vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA kA nirNaya Atmika sthiratA kI nyUnAdhikatA para avalaMbita hai / jaina darzana kI caudaha guNa-zreNiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) mithyAdRSTi, (2) sAsAdana, (3) mizra, (4) avirati samyagdRSTi, (5) dezavirati, (6) pramatta yAne sarvavirati, (7) apramatta yAne saMyata (8) apUrvakaraNa, (9) anivRttikaraNa, * (10) sUkSma samparAya, (11) upazAnta moha, (12) kSINa moha, (13) saMyogI kevalI aura (14) ayogIkevalI / saba AvaraNoM meM moha kA AvaraNa pradhAna hai| arthAt jaba taka moha balavAn aura tIvra ho, tabataka anya sabhI AvaraNa balavAn aura tIvra bane rahate haiN| isake viparIta moha ke nirbala hote hI anya AvaraNoM kI vaisI hI dazA ho jAtI hai| isalie AtmA ke vikAsa karane meM mukhya bAdhaka moha kI prabalatA aura mukhya sahAyaka moha kI nirbalatA samajhanI cAhie / isI kAraNa guNasthAnoM kI vikAsa-krama gata avasthAoM kI kalpanA mohazakti kI utkaTatA, mandatA tathA abhAva para avalambita hai / - moha kI pradhAna zaktiyA~ do haiM / inameM se pahalI zakti, AtmA ko darzana arthAt svarUpa - pararUpa kA nirNaya kiMvA jar3a cetana kA vibhAga yA viveka karane nahIM detI; aura dUsarI zakti AtmA ko viveka prApta kara lene para bhI tadanusAra pravRtti arthAt adhyAsaparapariNati se chUTakara svarUpa - lAbha nahIM karane detI / vyavahAra meM pada-pada para yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI vastu kA yathArtha darzana - bodha kara lene para hI usa vastu ko pAne yA tyAgane kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai aura vaha saphala bhI hotI hai| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa- gAmI AtmA ke lie bhI mukhya do hI kArya haiM - pahalA svarUpa tathA pararUpa kA yathArtha darzana kiMvA bhedajJAna karanA

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286 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi aura dUsarA svarUpa meM sthita honA / inameM se pahale kArya ko rokanevAlI moha kI zakti jaina zAstra meM 'darzana moha' aura dUsare kArya ko rokanevAlI moha kI zakti ' cAritra moha' kahalAtI haiM / dUsarI zakti pahalI zakti kI anugAminI hai| arthAt pahalI zakti prabala ho, taba taka dUsarI zakti kabhI nirbala nahIM hotI; aura pahalI zakti ke manda, mandatara aura mandatama hote hI dUsarI zakti bhI kramaza: vaisI hI hone lagatI hai / athavA yoM kahie ki eka bAra AtmA svarUpa- -darzana kara pAye to phira use svarUpa lAbha karane kA mArga prApta ho hI jAtA hai / I (1) mithyAtva guNasthAna . prANI meM jaba AtmakalyANa ke sAdhanamArga kI saccI dRSTi na ho, ulaTI hI samajha ho athavA ajJAna kiMvA bhrama ho taba vaha isa zreNI meM vidyamAna hotA hai| choTe- choTe kIDoM se lekara bar3e - bar3e paNDita, tapasvI aura rAjA-mahArAjA Adi taka bhI isa zreNI meM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki vAstAvika AtmadRSTi athavA AtmabhAvanA kA na honA hI mithyAtva hai, jisake hone para unakI dUsarI unnati kA kucha bhI mUlya nahIM hotA / satpuruSa ko asatpuruSa aura asatpuruSa ko satpuruSa, kalyANa ko akalyANa aura akalyANa ko kalyANa, sanmArgako unmArga aura unmArga ko sanmArga - aisI auMdhI samajha tathA jhUThe rItarasma aura vahamoM ko mAnanA bhI mithyAtva hai / saMkSepa meM, 1 AtmakalyANa ke sAdhana mArga meM kartavya - akartavya viSayaka viveka kA abhAva 'mithyAtva' hai / zrI haribhadrAcArya ne apane 'yogadRSTi - samuccaya' nAmaka graMtha meM mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA yoga kI ina ATha dRSTiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inameM se pahalI maitrI lakSaNA 'mitrA' dRSTi hai jisameM citta kI mRdutA adveSavRtti, anukampA aura kalyANa sAdhanA kI spRhA jaise prAthamika sadguNa prakaTa hAte haiM / AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki isa dRSTi kI upalabdhi hone meM hI prathama guNasthAna kI prApti hotI hai / isa prakAra prathama guNasthAna kalyANakAraka sadguNoM ke prakaTIkaraNa kI prAthamika bhUmikArUpa hone para bhI usakA 'mithyAtva' ke nAma se jo nirdeza kiyA hai isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa bhUmikA meM yathArtha 'samyagdarzana prakaTa nahIM huA hotA hai / isa guNasthAna meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmi para pahu~cane ke mArgarUpa sadguNa prakaTa hote haiM, jisase isa avasthA kA 'mithyAtva' tIvra nahIM hotA / phira bhI mandarUpa se mithyAtva vidyamAna hone se isa prathama guNasthAna ko 'mithyAtva' kahA gayA hai; aura sAtha hI, samyagdarzana kI ora le jAne vAle guNoM ke prakaTIkaraNa kI yaha prathama bhUmikA hone se ise 'guNasthAna' bhI kahA hai /

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287 samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... AcArya hemacandra 'yogazAstra' ke prathama prakAza ke 16 veM zloka kI vatti meM 'guNasthAnatvametasya bhadrakatvAdyapekSayA' isa vacana se spaSTa kahate haiM ki mithyAdRSTi ko jo 'guNasthAna' kahA gayA hai vaha bhadratA Adi guNoM ke AdhAra para (ina guNoM kI apekSA , se) kahA gayA hai| isa prathama 'mitrA' dRSTi taka bhI jo nahIM pahu~ce haiM una choTe-bar3e saba adha:sthita jIvoM kI bhI gaNanA zAstroM ne mithyAtva guNasthAna meM kI hai| ina sabakI mithyAtva bhUmikA ko 'guNasthAna' ke nAma se nirdiSTa karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki mithyAtvI jIva bhI manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi ko manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi rUpa se jAnatA hai aura mAnatA bhI hai| isa prakAra kI aneka vastuoM ke bAre meM use yathArtha buddhi hotI hai| isake atirikta zAstra yaha bhI kAraNa batalAte haiM ki sUkSmAtisUkSma jIvoM meM bhI jIvasvabhAvarUpa cetanAzakti, phira vaha cAhe atyanta alpa mAtrA meM hI kyoM na ho, avazya hotI hai| anya kAraNa yaha bhI batalAyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa adha:sthiti meM se Upara uThane kA hai usa adha:sthiti kA, vahA~ se Upara uThane kI zakyatA athavA sambhava kI dRSTi se (vaha svayaM bhale hI guNasthAna na ho, parantu guNa ke lie honevAlA utthAna to vahIM se hotA hai isa dRSTi se) guNasthAna' ke nAma se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| (2) sAsAdana ' guNasthAna yaha samyagdarzana se girane kI avasthA kA nAma hai| samyagdarzana kI prApti ke pazcAt bhI yadi krodhAdi parama tIvra ('anantAnubandhI') kaSAyoM kA udaya ho to samyaktva se giranA 1. 'anantAnubandhI' (atitIvra) krodhAdi kaSAya samyagdRSTi ko zithila karanevAle (AvAraka) hone se A - sAdana' kahalAte haiN| unase yukta vaha 'sAsAdAna' / sIdanti mama gAtrANi" Adi prayogoM ke anusAra 'sad' dhAtu kA artha zithila honA - DhIlA par3anA hotA hai| 'sAdana' isa dhAtu kA preraka kRdanta rUpa hai| ataH 'sAdana' arthAt zithila karanA athavA zithila karane vaalaa| sAdana' ke Age lagA huA A' upasarga isI artha kI vRddhi sUcita karatA hai| isa prakAra 'AsAdana' se arthAt girAnevAle se arthAt samyaktva ko galAnevAle krodhAdi kaSAya se yukta vaha (sa + AsAdana) saasaadn| matalaba ki 'sAsAdana' guNasthAnabhUmi tIvra krodhAdi kaSAyodayarUpa hone se patana karAne vAlI hai - samyagdRSTi ko raphAdaphA karane vAlI hai| isa guNasthAna kA 'sAsvAdana' aisA bhI eka dUsarA nAma hai| isakA artha hai AsvAdayukta arthAt vamana kie jAne vAle samyaktva ke AsvAda se yukt|

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288 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hI hotA hai / yaha guNasthAna aisI girane kI avasthArUpa hai; samyagdarzana se ajJAna-moha meM athavA mithyAtva meM giranerUpa hai| jaba girane hI lage taba girane meM kitanI dera ? isalie yaha guNasthAna kSaNamAtra kA hai| 'upazama' samyakatva se giranevAle ke lie hI yaha guNasthAna hai| (3) mizra guNasthAna . samyaktva evaM mithyAtva ina donoM ke mizraNarUpa AtmA ke vicitra adhyavasAya kA nAma mizra guNasthAna hai| . . . jaba kisI jIva ko satya kA darzana hotA hai taba vaha Azcarya-cakita-sA ho jAtA hai| usake purAne saMskAra use pIche kI ora ghasITate haiM aura satya kA darzana use Age-bar3hane ke lie protsAhita karatA hai| aisI dolAyamAna avasthA thor3e samaya ke lie hI hotI hai| . bAda meM yA to vaha mithyAtva meM jA giratA hai athavA satya ko prApta karatA hai / isa guNasthAna .. meM 'anantAnubandhI' kaSAya na hone ke kAraNa uparyukta donoM guNasthAnoM kI apekSA- yaha guNasthAna U~cA hai / parantu isameM viveka kI pUrNa prApti nahIM hotI, samyaktva evaM mithyAtva kA mizraNa hotA hai arthAt sanmArga ke bAre meM zraddhA bhI nahIM aura azraddhA bhI nahIM aisI DAMvADola sthiti hotI hai athavA sat aura asat donoM ora jhukane vAlI yA donoM ke bAre meM mizrita jaisI zraddhA hotI hai| (4) aviratisamyagdRSTi virati binA ke samyaktva (samyagdarzana) ko avirati samyagdRSTi kahate haiN| samyaktva ke sparza ke sAtha hI bhavabhramaNa ke kAla kI maryAdA niyata ho jAtI hai| ata: AtmavikAsa kI mUla AdhArabhUmi yaha guNasthAna hai| . isa prasaMga para mithyAdRSTi aura samyagdRSTi ke bIca kA antara bhI jarA dekha leM / mithyAdRSTi meM dhArmika bhAvanA nahIM hotii| saba prANiyoM ke sAtha ekatA athavA samAnatA kA anubhava karane kI savRtti se vaha zUnya hotA hai| dUsare ke sAtha kA usakA sambandha svArtha kA athavA badalA lene kA hI hotA hai| samyagdRSTi dhArmika-bhAvanAzIla aura AtmAdRSTiyukta hotA hai| AtmakalyANa kI dizA meM vaha yathAzakti pravRtta rahatA hai| jaisI merI AtmA hai, vaisI hI dUsare kI bhI hai - aisI usakI zraddhA hotI hai| Asaktivaza apanA svArtha sAdhane ke lie yadi vaha dUsare ke hita kA avarodha karane kA duSkRtya zAyada kare to bhI yaha anucita

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,..... 289 hai aisA usakI antarAtmA meM cubhA karatA hai / isake lie use pazcAttApa bhI hotA hai / kAma krodhAdi doSa aura pApAcaraNa kama hoM aisI usakI manobhAvanA hone se tadanusAra baratAva vaha apanI zakti anusAra rakhatA hai / isake viparIta mithyAdRSTi dhArmika dRSTi se jo pApa samajhA jAtA hai use pApa hI nahIM samajhatA / bhautika sukha kI prApti ke pIche vaha masta ho jAtA hai aura isake lie ucita-anucita koI bhI mArga grahaNa karane meM use pApa aura puNya kA bheda grAhya nahIM hotaa| vaha pApamArga ko pApamArga na samajhakara isameM kyA ?' aisI svAbhAvikatA se use grahaNa karatA hai| mithyAdRSTi yadi kisI kA bhalA karatA ho to vaha svArtha, pakSapAta athavA kRtajJatA ke kAraNa hI karatA hai, jabaki samyagdRSTi inake atirikta svArpaNabhAvanA ke sAttvika teja se bhI sampanna hotA hai| usameM anukampA evaM bandhubhAva kI vyApaka vRtti hotI hai| yaha dazA vikAsakrama kI caturthI bhUmikA kiMvA caturtha guNasthAna hai, jise pAkara AtmA pahale pahala AdhyAtmika zAnti kA anubhava karatI hai| isa bhUmikA meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi yathArtha (AtmasvarUponmukha) hone ke kAraNa viparyAsa rahita hotI hai| jisako jainazAstra meM samyaktva kahA hai| caturthI se Age kI arthAt paJcamI Adi saba bhUmikAe~ samyagdaSTi vAlI hI samajhanI cAhie; kyoMki unameM uttarottara vikAsa tathA dRSTi kI zuddhi adhikAdhika hotI jAtI hai| caturtha guNasthAna meM svarUpadarzana karane se AtmA ko apUrva zAnti milatI hai aura usako vizvAsa hotA hai ki aba merA sAdhya viSayaka bhrama dUra huA, arthAt aba taka jisa paudgalika va bAhya sukha ko maiM tarasa rahI thI, vaha pariNAma virasa, asthira evaM parimita hai; pariNAma sundara, sthira va aparimita sukha svarUpaprApti meM hI hai| taba vaha vikAsagAmI AtmA svarUpa-sthiti ke lie prayatna karane lagatI hai| (5) dezavirati ___moha kI pradhAna zakti darzanamoha ko zithila karake svarUpa-darzana kara lene ke bAda bhI, jaba taka usakI dUsarI zakti cAritra-moha ko zithila na kI jAe, taba taka svarUpa 1. 'jinoktAdaviparyastA smygdRssttirnigdyte| samyaktvazAlInAM sA syAttaccaiva jAyate'GginAm / / 596' - lokaprakAza, sarga 3

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290 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi lAbha kiMvA svarUpa-sthiti nahIM ho sktii| isalie vaha moha kI dUsarI zakti ko manda karane ke lie prayAsa karatA hai| jaba vaha usa zakti ko aMzata: zithila kara pAtA hai; taba usakI aura bhI utkrAnti ho jAtI hai, jisameM aMzata: svarUpa-sthiratA yA parapariNati-tyAga hone se caturtha bhUmikA kI apekSA adhika zAnti-lAbha hotA hai / yaha dezavirati-nAmaka pA~cavA~ guNasthAna hai| (6) pramatta yAne sarva-virati dezavirati guNasthAna meM vikAsagAmI AtmA ko yaha vicAra hone lagatA hai ki yadi alpa-virati se hI itanA adhika zAnti-lAbha huA to phira sarva-virati-jar3a bhAvoM ke sarvathA parihAra se kitanA zAnti-lAbha hogA? isa vicAra se prerita hokara va prApta AdhyAtmika zAnti ke anubhava se balavAn hokara vaha vikAsagAmI AtmA cAritramoha ko adhikAMza meM zithila karake pahale kI apekSA bhI adhika svarUpa-sthiratA va svarUpa-lAbha prApta karane kI ceSTA karatI hai| isa ceSTA meM kRtakRtya hote hI use sarva-virati saMyama prApta hotA hai, jisameM paudgalika bhAvoM para mUrchA bilakula nahIM rahatI, aura usakA sArA samaya svarUpa kI abhivyakti karane ke kAma meM hI kharca hotA hai| yaha 'sarva-virati' nAmaka SaSTha guNasthAna hai| isameM Atma-kalyANa ke atirittka loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA aura tadanukUla pravRtti bhI hotI hai, jisase kabhI-kabhI thor3I bahuta mAtrA meM pramAda A jAtA hai| (7) apramatta yAne saMyata ___pA~caveM guNasthAna kI apekSA, chaThe guNasthAna meM svarUpa-abhivyakti adhika hone ke kAraNa yadyapi vikAsagAmI AtmA ko AdhyAtmika zAnti pahale se adhika hI milatI hai tathApi bIca-bIca meM aneka pramAda use zAnti ke anubhava meM jo bAdhA pahu~cAte haiM, usako vaha sahana nahIM kara sktaa| ataeva sarva-virati janita zAnti ke sAtha apramAda-janita viziSTa zAnti kA anubhava karane kI prabala lAlasA se prerita hokara vaha vikAsagAmI AtmA pramAda kA tyAga karatI hai aura svarUpa kI abhivyakti ke anukUla manana-cintana ke sivAya anya saba vyApAroM kA tyAga kara detI hai| yahI' apramatta yAne saMyata' nAmaka sAtavA~ guNasthAna hai| isameM eka ora apramAda-janya utkaTa sukha kA anubhava AtmA ko usa sthiti meM bane rahane ke lie uttejita karatA hai aura dUsarI aura pramAda-janya pUrva vAsanAe~ use apanI ora khIMcatI haiN|

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 291 isa khIMcAtAnI meM vikAsagAmI AtmA kabhI pramAda kI tandrA aura kabhI apramAda kI jAgRti arthAt chaThe aura sAtaveM guNa sthAna meM aneka bAra jAtI - AtI rahatI hai / bha~vara yA vAtabhramI meM par3A huA tinakA idhara se udhara aura udhara se idhara jisa prakAra calAyamAna hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra chaTheM aura sAtaveM guNasthAna ke samaya vikAsagAmI AtmA anavasthita bana jAtI hai / (8) apUrvakaraNa ( nivRttibAdara) pramAda ke sAtha hone vAle isa Antarika yuddha ke samaya vikAsagAmI AtmA yadi apanA cAritra - bala vizeSa prakAzita karatI hai to phira vaha pramAdoM- pralobhanoM ko pAra kara vizeSa apramatta- avasthA prApta kara letI / isa avasthA ko pAkara vaha aisI zakti vRddhi kI taiyArI karatI hai ki jisase zeSa rahe-sahe, moha-bala ko naSTa kiyA jA ske| moha ke sAtha hone vAle bhAvI yuddha ke lie kI jAne vAlI taiyArI kI isa bhUmikA ko AThavA~ guNasthAna kahate haiM / (9) anivRttikaraNa koI vikAsa - gAmI AtmA to moha ke saMskAroM ke prabhAva ko kramaza: dabAtI huI Age bar3hatI hai tathA anta meM use bilakula hI upazAnta kara detI hai| viziSTa Atmazuddhi vAlA koI dUsarA vyakti aisA bhI hotA hai, jo moha ke saMskAroM ko kramazaH jar3amUla se ukhAr3atA huA Age bar3hatA hai tathA anta meM una saba saMskAroM ko sarvathA nirmUla hI kara DAlatA hai / isa prakAra AThaveM guNasthAna se Age bar3hane vAlI arthAt antarAtma-bhAva ke vikAsa dvArA paramAtma-bhAva rUpa sarvopari bhUmikA ke nikaTa pahu~cane vAlI AtmA do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta ho jAtI haiM / eka zreNIvAlI to aisI hotI haiM, jo moha ko eka bAra sarvathA dabA to letI haiM, use nirmUla nahIM kara pAtIM / ataeva jisa prakAra kisI bartana meM bharI huI bhApa kabhI-kabhI apane vega se usa bartana ko ur3A le bhAgatI hai yA nIce girA detI hai athavA jisa prakAra rAkha ke nIce dabI huI agni havA kA jhakorA lagate hI apanA kArya karane lagatI hai kiMvA jisa prakAra jala ke tala meM baiThA huA mala thoDA-sA kSobha pAte hI Upara uThakara jala ko ga~dalA kara detA hai, usI prakAra pahale dabAyA huA moha Antarika yuddha meM thakI huI una prathama zreNI vAlI AtmAoM ko apane vega ke dvArA nIce paTaka detA hai / eka bAra sarvathA dabAye jAne

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292 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi para bhI moha, jisa bhUmikA se AtmA ko hAra dilAkara nIce kI ora paTaka detA hai, vahI gyArahavA~ guNasthAna hai / moha ko kramaza; dabAte-dabAte sarvathA dabAne taka meM uttarottara adhika-adhika vizuddhivAlI do bhUmikAe~ avazya prApta karanI par3atI haiN| yaha guNasthAna adhaHpatanakA sthAna hai : kyoMki jo nauvAM anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna tathA dasavA~ sUkSma samparAya guNasthAna kahalAtA hai| use pAne vAlI AtmA Age na bar3hakara eka bAra to avazya nIce giratI hai| dUsarI zreNIvAlI AtmA moha ko kramaza: nirmUla karate - karate anta meM use sarvathA nirmUla kara hI DAlatI hai / sarvathA nirmUla karane kI jo ucca bhUmikA hai, vahI bArahavA~ guNasthAna hai| (10) sUkSma samparAya __ isa guNasthAna ko pAne taka meM arthAt moha ko sarvathA nirmUla karane se pahale bIca meM nauvA~ aura dasavA~ guNasthAna prApta karanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra dekhA jAe to cAhe pahalI zreNIvAloM vyakti hoM, cAhe dUsarI zreNIvAle, para ve saba nauvA~ - dasavA~ guNasthAna prApta karate hI haiN| donoM zreNIvAloM meM antara itanA hI hotA hai ki prathama zreNIvAloM kI apekSA dUsarI zreNIvAlo meM Atmazuddhi va Atma-bala viziSTa prakAra kA pAyA jAtA hai| jaise-kisI eka darje ke vidyArthI bhI do prakAra ke hote haiN| eka prakAra ke to aise hote haiM jo so koziSa karane para bhI ekabAragI apanI parIkSA meM pAsa hokara Age nahIM bar3ha sakate / para dUsare prakAra ke vidyArthI apanI yogyatA ke bala se saba kaThinAiyoM ko pAra kara usa kaThinatama parIkSA ko bedhar3aka pAsa kara hI lete haiN| una donoM dala ke isa antara kA kAraNa unakI Antarika yogyatA kI nyUnAdhikatA hai| (11) upazAnta moha nauveM tathA dasaveM guNasthAna ko prApta karane vAlI ukta donoM zreNIgAmI AtmAoM kI AdhyAtmika vizuddhi nyUnAdhika hotI hai, jisake kAraNa eka zreNIvAle vyakti to dasaveM guNasthAna ko pAkara aMta meM gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM moha se hAra khAkara nIce girate haiM aura anya zreNIvAle vyakti dasaveM guNasthAna ko pAkara itanA adhika Atmabala prakaTa karate haiM ki anta meM ve moha ko sarvathA kSINa kara bArahaveM guNasthAna ko prApta kara hI lete haiN|

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293 samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... (12) kSINa moha jaise gyArahavA~ guNasthAna avazya punarAvRtti kA hai, vaise hI bArahavA~ guNasthAna apunarAvRtti kA hai| arthAt gyArahaveM guNasthAna ko pAnevAlI AtmA eka bAra usase avazya giratI hai aura bArahaveM guNasthAna ko pAnevAlI usase kadApi nahIM giratI, balki Upara ko hI car3hatI hai| kisI eka parIkSA meM nahIM pAsa hone vAle vidyArthI jisa prakAra parizrama va ekAgratA se yogyatA bar3hAkara phira usa parIkSA ko pAsa kara lete haiM; usI prakAra eka bAra moha se hAra khAne vAlI AtmA bhI apramatta bhAva va Atma-bala kI adhikatA se phira moha ko avazya kSINa kara detI hai| ukta donoM zreNIvAlI AtmAoM kI tara-tamabhAvApanna AdhyAtmika vizuddhi mAnoM paramAtma-bhAva-rUpa sarvocca bhUmikA para car3hane kI do sIDhiyA~ haiM, jinameM se eka ko jainazAstra meM upazama zreNI' aura dUsarI ko 'kSapakazreNi' kahA hai| pahalI kucha dUra car3hAkara girAnevAlI aura dUsarI car3hAne - vAlI hI hai| pahalI zreNI se girane vAlA vyakti AdhyAtmika adha:patana ke dvArA cAhe prathama guNasthAna taka kyoM na calA jAe, para usakI vaha adha:patita sthiti kAyama nahIM rahatI / kabhI-na-kabhI phira vaha dUne bala se aura dUnI sAvadhAnI se taiyAra hokara moha zatru kA sAmanA karatA hai aura anta meM dUsarI zreNI kI yogyatA prApta kara moha kA sarvathA kSaya kara DAlatA hai / vyavahAra meM arthAt adhibhautika kSetra meM bhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo eka bAra hAra khAtA hai, vaha pUrI taiyArI karake harAnevAle zatru ko phira se harA sakatA hai| (13) sayogI kevalI paramAtma-bhAva kA svarAjya prApta karane meM mukhya bAdhaka moha hI hai, jisako naSTa karanA antarAtma-bhAva ke viziSTa vikAsa para nirbhara hai| moha kA sarvathA nAza huA ki anya AvaraNa jo jaina-zAstra meM 'ghAtI karma' kahalAte haiM, ve pradhAna senApati ke mAre jAne ke bAda anugAmI sainikoM kI taraha eka sAtha titara-bitara ho jAte haiN| phira kyA derI ! vikAsagAmI AtmA turanta hI paramAtma bhAva kA pUrNa AdhyAtmika svarAjya pAkara arthAt saccidAnanda svarUpa ko pUrNatayA vyakta karake niratizaya jJAna, cAritra Adi kA lAbha karatI hai tathA anirvacanIya svAbhAvika sukha kA anubhava karatI hai| jaise, pUrNimA kI rAta meM nirabhra candra kI sampUrNa kalAe~ prakAzamAna hotI haiM, vaise hI usa samaya AtmA kI cetanA Adi se bhI mukhya zaktiyA~ pUrNa vikasita ho . jAtI haiN| isa bhUmikA ko jaina zAstra meM terahavA~ guNasthAna kahate haiN|

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294 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi / (14) ayogI kevalI terahaveM guNasthAna meM cirakAla taka rahane ke bAda AtmA dagdha rajju ke samAna zeSa AvaraNoM ko arthAt apradhAnabhUta aghAtI karmoM ko ur3Akara pheMka dene ke lie sUkSma kriyApratipAti zukla dhyAna rUpa pavana kA Azraya lekara mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vyApAroM ko sarvathA roka detI hai| yahI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI parAkASThA kiMvA cauhavA~ guNasthAna hai| isameM AtmA samucchinnakriyA-pratipAti zukla dhyAna dvArA sumeru kI taraha niSprakampa sthiti ko prApta karake anta meM zarIra tyAga-pUrvaka vyavahAra aura paramArtha dRSTi se lokottara sthAna ko prApta karatI hai| yahI nirguNa brahmasthiti ' hai, yahI sarvAGgINa pUrNatA hai, yahI pUrNa kRtakRtyatA hai, yahI parama puruSArtha kI antima siddhi hai aura yahI apunarAvRtti-sthAna hai| kyoMki saMsAra kA ekamAtra kAraNa moha hai, jisake saba saMskAroM kA niHzeSa nAza ho jAne ke kAraNa aba upAdhi kA saMbhava nahIM hai| . Upara AtmA kI jina caudaha avasthAoM kA vicAra kiyA hai, unakA tathA unake antargata avAntara saMkhyAtIta avasthAoM kA bahuta saMkSepa meM vargIkaraNa karake zAstra meM zarIradhArI AtmA kI sirpha tIna avasthAe~ batalAI haiM-bahirAtma-avasthA, (2) antarAtmaavasthA aura (3) paramAtma -avasthA / pahalI avasthA meM AtmA kA vAstavika vizuddha rUpa atyanta Acchanna rahatA hai, jisake kAraNa AtmA mithyAdhyAsavAlI hokara paudgalika vilAsoM ko hI sarvasva mAna letI hai aura unhIM kI prApti ke lie sampUrNa zakti kA vyaya karatI hai| dUsarI avasthA meM AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa pUrNatayA to prakaTa nahIM hotA para usake Upara kA AvaraNa gADha na hokara zithila, zithilatara, zithilatama bana jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa usakI dRSTi paudgalika vilAsoM kI ora se haTakAra zuddha svarUpa kI ora laga jAtI hai| isI se usakI dRSTi meM zarIra Adi kI jIrNatA va navInatA apanI jIrNatA va navInatA nahIM hai| yaha dUsarI avasthA hI tIsarI avasthA kA dRr3ha sopAna hai / tIsarI avasthA meM AtmA kA vAstavaki svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai arthAt usake 1. yogasaMnyAsatastyAgI, yogAnapyakhilA~styajet / ityevaM nirguNaM brahma, paroktamupapadyate // 7 // vastutastu guNaiH pUrNamantairbhAsate svataH / rUpaM vyaktAtmana: sAdhornirabhrasya vidhoriva / / 8 / / - jJAnasAra, tyAgASTaka

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* samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... Upara ke ghane AvaraNa bilakula vilIna ho jAte haiM / pahalA, dUsarA aura tIsarA guNasthAna bahirAtma - avasthA kA citraNa hai / cauthe se guNasthAna antarAtma-avasthA kA digdarzana hai aura terahavA~, caudahavA~ guNasthAna avasthA kA varNana hai / ke 1 bArahaveM paramAtma - para AtmA kA svabhAva jJAnamaya hai, isalie vaha cAhe kisI guNasthAna meM kyoM na ho, dhyAna se kadApi mukta nahIM rahatI / dhyAna ke sAmAnya rIti se (1) zubha aura (2) azubha, aise do vibhAga aura vizeSa rIti se (1) Arta, (2) raudra, (3) dharma aura (4) zukla, aise cAra vibhAga zAstra 2 meM kiye gae haiN| cAra meM se pahale do azubha aura pichale do zubha haiN| paudgalika dRSTi kI mukhyatA ke kiMvA Atma vismRti ke samaya jo dhyAna hotA hai vaha azubha hai, aura paudgalika dRSTi kI gauNatA va AtmAnusandhAna - dazA meM jo dhyAna hotA hai vaha zubha hai| azubha dhyAna saMsAra kA kAraNa hai aura zubha dhyAna mokSa kA kAraNa hai / pahale tIna guNasthAnoM meM Arta aura raudra, ye do dhyAna hI tara -tama- bhAva se pAye jAte haiN| cauthe aura pA~caveM guNasthAna meM ukta do dhyAnoM ke atirikta samyaktva ke prabhAva se dharma dhyAna bhI hotA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM Arta aura dharma, ye do dhyAna hote haiN| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM sirpha dharma dhyAna hotA hai| AThaveM se bArahaveM taka pA~ca guNasthAnoM meM dharma aura zukla, ye do dhyAna hote haiM / 3 terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM sirpha zukla dhyAna hotA hai / guNasthAnoM meM pAye jAne vAle dhyAnoM ke ukta varNana se tathA guNasthAnoM meM kiye hue bahirAtma-bhAva Adi pUrvokta vibhAga se pratyeka manuSya yaha sAmAnyatayA jAna sakatA hai ki maiM kisa guNasthAna kA adhikArI huuN| aisA jJAna, yogya adhikArI kI naisargika mahattvAkAMkSA ko Upara ke guNasthAnoM ke lie uttejita karatA hai / 295 (ii) vaidika paramparA meM jo darzana, Astika arthAt AtmA, usakA punarjanma, usakI vikAsazIlatA tathA mokSa - yogyatA mAnane vAle haiM, una sabhI meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM AtmA ke kramika vikAsa 1. adhyAtmamataparIkSA, gAthA 125, yogAvatAradvAtriMzikA, 17, 18 2. ' ArtaraudradharmazuklAni / ', - tattvArtha - adhyAya 9, sUtra 29 3. tattvArtha a09, sUtra 35 se 40 / dhyAnazataka, gA0 63 aura 64 tathA Avazyaka hAribhadrI TIkA 50 602

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296 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi kA vicAra pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / ataeva AryAvarta ke jaina, vaidika aura bauddha, ina tInoM prAcIna darzanoM meM ukta prakAra kA vicAra pAyA jAtA hai / yaha vicAra jaina darzana meM guNasthAna ke nAma se, vaidika darzana meM bhUmikAoM ke nAma se aura bauddhadarzana meM avasthAoM ke nAma se prasiddha hai| guNasthAna kA vicAra jaisA jaina darzana meM sUkSma tathA vistRta hai, vaisA anya darzanoM meM nahIM hai, to bhI ukta tInoM darzanoM kI usa vicAra ke sambandha meM bahuta - kucha samatA hai| arthAt saMketa, varNanazailI Adi kI bhinnatA hone para bhI vastu-tattva ke viSaya meM tInoM darzanoM kA bheda nahIM ke barAbara hI hai| vaidika darzana ke yogavAsiSTha, pAtaMjala yoga Adi granthoM meM AtmA kI bhUmikAoM kA acchA vicAra hai| jainazAstra meM mithyAdRSTi yA bahirAtmA ke nAma se ajJAnI jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai ki jo anAtmA meM arthAt Atma-bhinna jar3a tattva meM Atma-buddhi karatA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi yA bahirAtmA' hai| yogavAsiSTha meM ' tathA pAtaJjala yogasUtra meM ajJAnI jIva kA vahI lakSaNa hai| jaina zAstra meM mithyAtvamoha kA saMsAra-buddhi aura du:kharUpa phala varNita hai| vahI bAta yogavAsiSTha ke nivArNa 5 prakaraNa meM ajJAna ke phalasvarUpa se kahI gaI hai| (2) yogavAsiSTha nirvANa prakaraNa pUrvArdha meM avidyA se tRSNA aura tRSNA se du:kha kA anubhava tathA vidyA se avidyA kA 6 nAza, yaha krama jaisA varNita hai, vahI krama jainazAstra meM mithyAjJAna aura samyakjJAna ke nirUpaNa dvArA jagaha-jagaha varNita hai| (3) yogavAsiSTha ke ukta prakaraNa meM hI jo avidyA kA vidyA se aura vidyA kA vicAra se nAza batalAyA hai, vaha jainazAstra meM mAne hue matijJAna Adi kSAyopazamika jJAna se mithyAjJAna ke nAza aura kSAyika jJAna se kSAyopazamika jJAna ke nAza ke samAna hai| (4) jainazAstra meM mukhyatayA moha ko hI bandha kA yAne saMsAra kA hetu mAnA hai| yogavAsiSTha 4 meM vahI bAta rUpAntara se kahI 1. (1) tattvArtha rAjavArtika 8, 1, 12 (2) yogazAstra, prakAza 12 (3) jJAnasAra, mohASTaka (4) jJAnasAra, vidyASTaka / (5) jJAnasAra, tattvadRSTi-aSTaka 2. nirvANa - prakaraNa; pUrvArdha, sarga 6 3. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, sAdhana pAda, sUtra 5 4. (1) tattvArtha - rAjavArtika 9, 1, 31 (2) jJAnasAra, mohASTaka 5. pUrvArddha, sarga 6. 6. sarga 8 7. sarga9 8. utpatti - prakaraNa, srg1|

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297 samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,....... gaI hai| usameM jo dRzya ke astitvako bandha kA kAraNa kahA hai; usakA tAtparya dRzya ke abhimAna yA abhyAsa se hai / (5) jaise, jaina zAstra meM granthibheda kA varNana hai vaise hI yogavAsiSTha meM ' bhI hai / (6) vaidika granthoM kA yaha varNana ki brahma, mAyA ke saMsarga se saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka aindrajAlika sRSTi racatA hai; tathA sthAvara-jaGgamAtmaka jagat kA kalpa ke anta meM nAza hotA hai 2. ityAdi bAtoM kI saMgati jaina zAstra ke anusAra isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai-AtmA kA avyavahAra-rAzi se vyavahAra-rAzi meM AnA, brahma kA jIvatva dhAraNa karanA hai| kramaza: sUkSma tathA sthUla mana ke dvArA saMjJitva prApta karake kalpanAjAla meM AtmA kA vicaraNa karanA saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka aindrajAlika sRSTi hai| zuddha Atma-svarUpa vyakta hone para sAMsArika paryAyoM kA nAza honA hI kalpa ke anta meM sthAvara jaMGagamAtmaka jagat kA nAza hai / AtmA apanI sattA bhUlakara jar3a sattA ko svasattA mAnatI hai, jo ahaMtva-mamatva bhAvanA rUpa moha kA udaya aura bandha kA kAraNa hai / vahI ahaMtva-mamatva bhAvanA vaidika varNana zailI ke anusAra bandhahetubhUta dRzya sattA hai| utpatti, vRddhi, vikAsa, svarga, naraka Adi jo jIva kI avasthAe~ vaidika granthoM meM varNita ' haiM, ve hI jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra vyavahAra-rAzi gata jIva ke paryAya haiM / (7) yogavAsiSTha meM ' svarUpa-sthiti ko jJAnI kA aura svarUpa-bhraMza ko ajJAnI kA lakSaNa mAnA hai vahI jaina zAstra meM bhI samyak jJAna kA aura mithyAdRSTi kA kramaza: svarUpa ' batalAyA hai / (8) yogavAsiSTha meM jo samyakjJAna kA lakSaNa hai, vaha jaina zAstra ke anukUla hai| (9) jaina zAstra meM samyak darzana kI prApti, (1) svabhAva aura (2) bAhya nimitta, ina do prakAra se jo batalAI hai ' vaisA hI krama yogavAsiSTha meM bhI jJAnaprApti kA sUcita kiyA ' hai| (10) jaina zAstra ke caudaha guNasthAnoM ke 1. utpatti - prakaraNa, sarga 118 2. utpatti - prakaraNa, sarga 1 / 3. utpatti - prakaraNa, sarga 1 / 4. utpatti prakaraNa, sarga 117 / 5. (1) jJAnasAra, mohASTaka / (2) jJAna sAra, jJAnASTaka 6. upazama - prakaraNa, sarga 78 / 7. tattvArtha - a0 1, sUtra 3 8. upazama - prakaraNa, sarga 7 /

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298 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi sthAna meM caudaha bhUmikAoM kA varNana yogavAsiSTha meM ' bahuta rucikara va vistRta hai / sAta bhUmikAe~ jJAna kI aura sAta ajJAna kI batalAI huI haiM, jo jaina paribhASA ke anusAra kramaza: mithyAtva kI aura samyaktva kI samasyA kI sUcaka haiM / (11) yogavAsiSTha meM tattvajJa, samadRSTi, pUrNAzaya aura mukta puruSa kA jo varNana ' hai, vaha jaina saMketAnusAra caturtha Adi guNasthAnoM meM sthita AtmA ko lAgU par3atA hai / jainazAstra meM jo jJAna kA mahattva varNita 2 hai, vahI yogavAsiSTha meM prajJAmAhAtmya ke nAma se ullikhita hai / ' (iii) bauddha paramparA meM bauddha paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA ko citta-zuddhi kI sAdhanA ke lie anivArya mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isa vikAsa kI bhUmikA naitika AcAra-vicAra ke dvArA cAritra ko vikasita aura sazakta banAtI hai aura cAritra hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI rIr3ha hai| batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi tathA prajJA ina pA~ca sAdhanoM ke samyak-paripAlana dvArA apane cAritrika gaThana aura vikAsa ke mAdhyama se vizuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai, jo nirvANa kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai| dUsare zabdo meM nirvANa athavA vizuddha avasthA kI prApti kI kramaza: chaha athavA sAta sthitiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, unase AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyA sampanna hotI hai| ye AdhyAtmika 1. (1) utpatti - prakaraNa, sarga 117 (2) utpatti - prakaraNa, sarga 118 2. yoga0 nirvANa pra0, sarga 170; nirvANa pra0 3, sarga 11 yoga0 sthiti - prakaraNa, sarga 75; nirvANa - pra0 sa0 19 3. jJAnasAra, puurnntaassttk| jJAnasAra, jJAnASTaka jJAnasAra, nirlepASTaka jJAnasAra, ni:spRhASTaka jJAna sAra, vidyASTaka jJAnasAra, nirbhayASTaka jJAnasAra, zAstrASTaka jJAnasAra, tapoSTaka 4. upazama - pra0. prjnyaamaahaatmy|

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... - 299 vikAsa kI sthitiyA~ haiM - (1) andhapuDuMjana, (2) kalyANa-puthujana, (3) sotApanna, (4) sakadAgAmI, (5) aupapAtika tathA (6) arahA / inako pAra karatA huA sAdhaka apane cAritrabala se saMyama, karuNA evaM vairAgya prApta karatA hai| ina sthitiyoM athavA avasthAoM ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue 'milindaprazna' meM citta kI sAta avasthAoM kA varNana hai jo isa prakAra hai - (1) saMkleza citta - yaha sthiti ajJAna athavA mUr3hatA kI hai, kyoMki isa avasthA meM yogI kA citta rAga, dveSa, moha evaM kleza se yukta hotA hai tathA vaha zarIra, zIla evaM prajJA kI bhAvanA arthAt cintana bhI nahIM krtaa| (2) saMbhrama Apanna citta - yaha bhI avikAsa kI hI avasthA hai| isa sthiti meM sAdhaka buddhakathita mArga ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara, zAstra kA acchI taraha manana aura cintana karake bhI citta ke tIna bhramamUlaka viSayoM arthAt saMyojanAoM ko hI naSTa kara pAtA hai, sampUrNa saMyojanAoM ko nahIM / (3) sakadAgAmI citta - isa avasthA meM sAdhaka pA~ca saMyojanAoM se mukta hotA hai aura usameM rAgadveSa nAmamAtra kA raha jAtA hai| (4) anAgAmI citta - isa avasthA meM zeSa pA~ca saMyojanAoM ko sAdhaka kATatA hai aura cita dasa sthAnoM meM halakA aura teja ho jAtA hai| phira bhI Upara kI pA~casaMyojanAoM meM usakA citta bhArI aura manda banA hI rahatA hai| (5) arhat citta - isa avasthA meM yogI ke sabhI Amrava, kleza sarvathA kSINa ho jAte haiM aura vaha brahmacaryavAsa ko pUrA karake sabhI prakAra ke bhAvapAzoM kA vyuccheda kara DAlatA hai / phalasvarUpa usakA citta atyanta zuddha evaM nirmala bana jAtA hai / dhyAtavya hai ki isa avasthA meM citta kI zuddhi ho jAtI hai, lekina pratyak buddha kI bhUmiyoM meM bhArI evaM manda hotA hai / arthAt sampUrNa cittazuddhi nahIM hotii| (6) pratyaka buddha kA citta - isa avasthA meM sAdhaka svayaM apanA svAmI hotA hai aura use kisI bhI AcArya athavA guru kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai tathA usakA citta atyanta nirmala evaM zuddha hotA hai| (7) samyak sambuddha kA citta - yaha avasthA sarvajJa kI hai, jo dasa vratoM kI dhAraNA karanevAle, cAra prakAra ke vaizAradyoM se yukta tathA aThAraha buddha dharmoM se yukta hotI

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300 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi hai aura jinhoMne indriyoM ko sarvathA jIta liyA hai| yaha avasthA pUrNata: acala aura zAMta hotI hai| ina sandarbha meM mahAyAna vicAradhArA ke anusAra kramaza: dasa bhUmikAoM athavA avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ve bhUmikAe~ isa prakAra haiM - (1) pramuditA, (2) vimalA, (3) prabhAkarI, (4) aciMSmatI (5) sudurjayA, (6) abhimukhI, (7) dUraMgamA, (8) acalA, (9) sAdhumatI evaM (10) dharmameghA / (1) prabhuditA : isa sthiti meM sAdhaka jagat ke uddhAra ke lie buddhatva prApta karane kI mahattvAkAMkSA jAgrata hone para citta meM vaisI bodhi ke lie saMkalpa karatA hai aura usase prabhudita hotA hai| (2) vimalA - isa sthiti meM dUsare prANiyoM ko unmArga se nivRtta karane ke lie svayaM sAdhaka ko hI hiMsAviramaNa zIla kA AcaraNa karake dRSTAnta upasthita karanA hotA hai| (3) prabhAkarI - isake antargata ATha dhyAna aura maitrI Adi cAra brahma vihAra kI bhAvanAe~ karane kA vidhAna hai aura sAtha hI pahale kiye hue saMkalpa ke anusAra anya prANiyoM ko du:kha mukta karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ___ (4) aciMSmatI - prApta guNoM ko sthira karane, naye guNa prApta karane aura kisI bhI prakAra ke doSa kA sevana na karane meM jitanI vIrya pAramitA siddha ho utanI aciMSmatI bhUmikA prApta hotI hai| (5) sudurjayA - yaha aisI dhyAna pAramitA kI prApti ko kahate haiM, jisameM karuNAvRttivizeSa kA abhivarddhana aura cAra AryasatyoM kA spaSTa bhAna hoN| (6) abhimukhI - isameM mahAkaruNA dvArA bodhisatva se Age bar3hakara arhatva prApta kiyA jAtA hai aura dasa pArimitAoM meM se vizeSa rUpa se prajJA pAramitA sAdhanI par3atI hai| (7) dUraMgamA - dasoM pAramitAoM ko pUrNa rUpa se sAdhane para utpanna honevAlI sthiti| (8) acalA - isa sthiti meM zArIrika, vAcika evaM mAnasika cintAoM se mukta honA par3atA hai, sAMsArika praznoM kA spaSTa evaM kramabaddha jJAna rakhanA par3atA hai aura unase kisI bhI prakAra vicalita na hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai|

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301 samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... (9) sAdhumatI - pratyeka jIva ke mArgadarzana ke lie (yogI ko) usa jIva kA adhikAra jAnane kI sampUrNa zakti jaba prApta hotI hai, taba vaha bhUmikA sAdhumatI kahalAtI (10) dharmameghA - sarvajJatva prApta hone para dharmameghA kI bhUmikA prApta hotI hai / mahAyAna kI dRSTi se isI bhUmikA para pahu~ce sAdhaka ko tathAgata kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bauddha yoga ke antargata AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko ajJAnAvasthA ke kramika hAsa ke sandarbha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ajJAnAvasthA ko tyAgakara hI jJAnaprApti sambhava hai, jo nirvANaprApti kA abhISTa hai| (5) mokSa : jIvana cetana tattva kI santulana zakti hai| cetanA jIvana hai aura jIvana kA kArya hai samatva kA saMsthApana / naitika jIvana kA uddezya eka aise samatva kI sthApanA karanA hai, jisase Antarika manovRttiyoM kA saMgharSa, Antarika icchAoM aura unakI pUrti ke bAhya prayAsoM kA saMgharSa samApta ho jaaye| samatva jIvana kA sAdhya hai, vahI naitika zubha hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga, dveSa Adi sabhI jIvana kI viSamatA, asantulana yA tanAva avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiM isake viparIta vAsanAzUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta evaM vItarAgadazA hI naitika dRSTi se zubha mAnI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki yahI samatva kA sRjana karatI hai| samatvapUrNa jIvana hI Adarza jIvana hai| pUrNa samatva kI yaha avasthA jaina dharma meM vItarAga dazA, gItA meM sthitaprajJatA tathA bauddha darzana meM ArhatAvasthA ke nAma se jAnI AtI hai| bhagavad gItA aura jaina darzana meM jisa mokSa aura bauddha darzana meM jisa nirvANa kI parikalpanA hai, vaha to pUrNa samatva kI avasthA hai| vastuta: mokSa yA nirvANa maraNottara sthiti nahIM hai| hama isa samatva kI sAdhanA ke madhura phala kA rasAsvAdana, isI jIvana meM kara sakate haiN| jisane jIvana ke isa parama lakSya ko prApta kara liyA use sadA sarvadA ke lie sat - cit-Anandamaya svarUpa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| isI sthiti ko hama pUrNa samatva evaM zAnti kI avasthA kahate haiN| jaina yoga se mokSa : "bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm // 2 // kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH // 3 //

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302 bandhahetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA se karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya hotA hai 1 sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya hI mokSa hai / 1 " 1 jaina yoga meM mokSa kA sthAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| mAnava AtmavikAsa kI kramaza: sIr3hiyoM ko pAra karatA huA zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI sthiti taka pahu~catA hai / AtmasAkSAtkAra arthAt AtmavikAsa kI vaha parama sthiti hI mokSa hai / ise pAne ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra kI ekarUpa paripUrNatA apekSita hai, jo yoga kA hI AnuSaMgika rUpa hai, kyoMki rAgAdibhAvoM se yukta hone para AtmA caturgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatI hai aura jaba yaha bhramaNa yAnI mana kA vyApAra ruka jAtA hai taba samasta karmoM kA AvAgamana ruka jAtA hai aura AtmA svabhAvata: nijasvarUpa meM sthita ho jAtI hai| terahaveM guNasthAna athavA sUkSma kriyA kI prApti hote hue bhI mukti nahIM hotii| ataH jaba sampUrNa yoga (kriyA) nirodharUpa cAritrapUrNa hotA hai tabhI mukti hotI hai| isa prakAra saMsAra - bandhana evaM usake kAraNoM kA sarvathA abhAva tathA AtmavikAsa kI pUrNatA hI mokSa hai arthAt saMvara evaM nirjarA dvArA karmoM kA sampUrNa uccheda hI mokSa hai kyoMki saMvara dvArA jahA~ AtmA meM naye karmoM kA praveza sarvathA ruka jAtA hai vahA~ nirjarA se saMcitakarmoM kA pUrNataH kSaya ho jAtA hai aura tabhI jIva (AtmA) ananta sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi AcArya pUjyapAda ne mokSa kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai - 'kRtsnakarmaviyogalakSaNo mokSaH / 2 1. tattvArthasUtra 235, zloka 2-3 1. sarvArthasiddhi 1/4 sampUrNa karma kA viyoga mokSa hai| bandhana mukti ko mokSa kahate haiM / bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone se, saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hone se samasta karmoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se uccheda honA mokSa hai| saMsAra avasthA meM AtmA kI vaibhAvika zakti kA vibhAva rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai, usa vibhAva pariNamana ke nimitta naSTa ho jAne se mokSa meM usakA svAbhAvika pariNamana ho jAtA hai / vibhAva ke kAraNa se AtmA ke guNa jo vikRta ho rahe the, 1 ve svAbhAvika dazA meM A jAte haiM, mithyAdarzana samyagdarzana ho jAtA hai, ajJAna jJAna ho jAtA hai, acAritra cAritra ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA sampUrNa naqazA hI parivartita ho jAtA hai / -

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 303 AcArya kamalazIla ne 'tattvasaMgraha - paJjikA' meM saMsAra aura nirvANa ke svarUpa ko pratipAdana karane vAlA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAmaya citta ko saMsAra kahate haiM aura jaba vaha citta rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAoM se mukta ho jAtA hai taba use bhAvAnta - nirvANa kahate haiM / ' prastuta zloka meM pratipAdita saMsAra aura mokSa kA svarUpa yukti yukta hai / citta kI rAgAdiyukta avasthA saMsAra hai aura usakI rAgAdi rahita avasthA mokSa hai / 1 - 2 - saMsAra-baMdhana kA kAraNa mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ( pravRtti) hai aura inhIM kAraNoM se jIva apanI vivekazakti ko khokara bhrAnti kI avasthA meM saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko apanI samajhane lagatA hai, jo saMsAra bhramaNa kA hetu hai| mohanIya karma ke kSaya se tathA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya karma ke kSaya se jIva ko kevala - jJAna prApta hotA hai / kevala- jJAna kI yaha avasthA hI jIva kI arihanta avasthA hai aura isa avasthA meM mana, vacana aura kAya ke yoga meM se sUkSmakAya yoga kA vyApAra calatA rahatA hai / ataH arihanta saMsArAvasthA ko pAra karake bhI saMsAra meM rahate haiM aura isIlie unheM jIvanmukta kahA jA sakatA hai| isa avasthA ko pAra karane ke lie cAra aghAtiyA karmoM kA pUrNataH kSaya karanA hotA hai aura jaba AtmA arthAt jIva antima zukla dhyAna meM sUkSmakAya- yoga arthAt alpa zArIrika pravRtti kA bhI sarvathA tyAga kara detA hai taba vaha acala, nirApada, zAnta sukha-sthAna ko pA jAtA hai jise zailezI avasthA kahate hai / yaha sumerU parvata ke samAna nizcala avasthA athavA sarva-saMvararUpa yoga-nirodha avasthA hai| isa zailezI avasthA meM AtmA atyanta vizuddha rahatI hai aura vahA~ kisI bhI prakAra kI icchA - anicchA kA sambandha hI nahIM hotA / isa sandarbha meM, yaha dhyAtavya hai ki AtmA svayaM hI kartA - dhartA, guru arthAt apane prati svayaM uttaradAyI hai / sampUrNa karmoM kA nAza hone para AtmA svayaM hI siddhAvasthA ko prApta hotI hai| 1. cittameva hi saMsAro raagaadikleshvaasitm| tadeva tairvinirmuktam bhavAnta iti kathyate / 2. mukti: nirmalatA dhiyaH - tatvasaMgrahaprajJjikA pR0 104 tattvasaMgraha pR0 184

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samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi isI silasile meM yaha ullekha karanA bhI samIcIna hogA ki AtmA jaba taka saMsAra bandhana meM rahatI hai taba taka vaha nAmakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa saMkoca - vistAra zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai aura mukta hone para, azarIrI bana jAtI hai / 304 * isa prakAra siddhAtmA zarIra, indriya, mana vikalpa evaM karma rahita hokara ananta vIrya ko prApta hotA hai aura nitya Ananda svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai| AtmA kI yaha siddhAvasthA karmamukta, nirAbAdha saMkleza rahita evaM sarvazuddha hotI hai / jahA~ nidrA tandrA-bhaya-bhrAntirAga-dveSa- pIr3A - saMzaya-zoka-moha - jarA - janma-maraNa-kSudhA tRSNA-kheda-mada- unmAda - mUrcchA, matsara Adi doSa nahIM rahate haiM / isa avasthA meM AtmA meM na saMkoca kA bhAva hotA hai na vistAra kA / AtmA sadA eka avasthA meM rahatI hai| vaha ananta vIrya evaM labdhiyoM kI prApti karake eka anirvacanIya sukhAnubhUti kA anubhava karatI hai / yaha sukhAnubhUti pArthiva sukhAnubhUti se sarvathA bhinna hai, jo mukta AtmA ko hI prApta hotI hai| (It is state of complete tranquility) sabhI prakAra ke saMsAra - bandhanoM se mukta siddha AtmA ke vibhinna yoga paramparAoM meM aneka nAma haiM / brAhmaNoM ne jahA~ usa siddhAtmA ko brahma kahA hai, vahA~ vaiSNava, tApasa, jaina, bauddha, kaulika Adi ne kramazaH use viSNu, raudra, jinendra, buddha, kaula kahA hai / vastutaH siddhAvasthA athavA nirvANa aneka nAmoM se abhihita hokara bhI eka hI tattva kA bodhaka hai| jaina darzanAnusAra Izvara vaha hai, jo na isa sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai aura na kRpAlu hI hai, balki vaha apane hI AtmasvarUpa meM lIna rahanevAlI eka svatantra sattA hai, jo sarvathA mukta hotI hai / ataH jitane bhI jIva mukta ho jAte haiM ve sabhI Izvara athavA parama haiN| ye saMkhyA meM ananta haiM / AtmA isa prakAra nirvANa prApta athavA siddhAvasthA prApta AtmA apane Apa meM lIna rahanevAlI cidAtmA hai, jo na sRSTikartA hai na vinAzakartA hai aura na saMsAra kI rakSaka hI hai / mokSa ke sukha kA varNana karate hue umAsvAti ne likhA hai muktAtmAoM kA sukha viSayoM se atIta, avyaya aura avyAbAdha hai| saMsAra ke sukha viSayoM kI pUrti, vedanA ke abhAva, puNya karmoM ke iSTa phalarUpa haiM, jabaki mokSa kA sukha karmakleza ke kSaya se utpanna paramasukha 'hai| sAre loka meM aisA koI padArtha nahIM jisakI upamA siddhoM ke sukha ke sAtha dI jA rUpa -

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 305 ske| vaha pramANa, anumAna aura upamAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, isalie nirUpama hai| vaha arhanta bhagavAn ke hI pratyakSa hai aura svAnubhavagamya hai| anya vidvAna unhIM ke kahe anusAra usakA grahaNa karate haiM aura usake astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| mokSa sukha chadmasthoM kI parIkSA kA viSaya nahIM hai| aupapAtika sUtra meM varNana hai - siddha zarIra rahita hote haiN| ve caitanyaghana aura kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana se saMyukta hote haiN| sAkAra aura anAkAra upayoga unake lakSaNa haiN| siddha kevalajJAna se saMyukta hone para sarvabhAva guNaparyAya ko jAnate haiM aura apanI ananta kevaladRSTi se sarvabhAva dekhate haiN| na manuSya ko aisA sukha hotA hai aura na saba devoM ko jaisA ki avyAbAdha guNa ko prApta siddhoM ko hotA hai| jaise koI mleccha nagara kI anekavidha vizeSatAoM ko dekhane para bhI upamA na milane se usakA varNana nahIM kara sakatA, isI taraha siddhoM kA sukha anupama hotA hai| usakI tulanA nahIM ho sktii| jaise koI manuSya sarva prakAra se, pA~coM indriyoM ko sukha utpanna karane vAlA bhojana kara, kSudhA aura pyAsa se rahita ho amRta pIkara tRpta hotA hai vaise hI atula nirvANa-prApta siddha sadAkAla tRpta hote haiN| ve zAzvata sukhoM ko prApta kara avyAbAdha sukha ke dhanI hote haiM / sampUrNa kArya siddha karane ke kAraNa ve siddha haiN| sarva tattva ke pAragAmI hone se buddha haiM / saMsAra-samudra ko pAra karane ke kAraNa pAraMgata haiN| hamezA siddha raheMge ata: paramparAgata haiM ; janma, jarA, maraNa ke bandhana se mukta haiM / ve avyAbAdha sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI kahA hai ki loka ke agrabhAga para pahuMcakara jIva parama sukhI hotA hai| mokSa AtmavikAsa kI carama evaM pUrNa avasthA hai| pUrNatA meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hotA, ata: muktAtmAoM meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai| pratyeka AtmA anantajJAna, darzana aura anantaguNoM se paripUrNa hai| siddhoM meM jo pandraha bhedoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha kevala loka-vyavahAra kI dRSTi se hai, kintu mukta jIvoM meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| ___mokSa kI prApti mAnava-zarIra dvArA hI hotI hai| deva svargIya svabhAvAnusAra viratirahita hote haiM, ata: ve devagati meM se mukti kA paramadhAma prApta nahIM kara sakate / jo mokSa ke yogya hotA hai vaha bhavya kahalAtA hai| abhavya dazAvAlA mokSa ke yogya nahIM hotaa| ___jaina zAstra ke anusAra Izvara kA lakSaNa hai - "parikSINasakalakarmA Izvara:' arthAt jisake sampUrNa karmoM kA nirmUla kSaya huA hai vaha Izvara hai| pUrvokta muktAvasthA jinhoMne prApta

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306 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi kI hai una paramAtmAoM se Izvara bhinna prakAra kA nahIM hai| Izvaratva kA lakSaNa aura mukti kA lakSaNa eka hI hai| mukti prApta karanA hI Izvaratva kI prApti hai| 'Izvara' zabda kA artha 'samartha' hotA hai| ata: apane jJAnAdipUrNa zuddha svarUpa meM pUrNa samartha hone vAle ke lie 'Izvara' zabda barAbara lAgU ho sakatA hai| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki mokSa-prApti ke kAraNabhUta samyag jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA abhyAsa bar3hatA-bar3hatA jaba pUrNa sthiti para pahu~ca jAtA hai taba AvaraNa - bandha sarvathA dUra ho jAtA hai aura AtmA kA jJAna Adi sampUrNa svarUpa pUrNarUpa se prakAzita hotA hai| isa sthiti para pahu~canA hI Izvaratva hai| koI bhI AtmA apane svarUpa vikAsa ke abhyAsa meM Age bar3he, paramAtmasthiti para pahu~cane kA yathAyogya prayatna kare to vaha jarUra Izvara ho sakatI hai aisA jaina-zAstroM kA siddhAnta hai| Izvara koI eka hI vyakti hai aisA jaina siddhAnta nahIM hai| aisA hone para bhI paramAtmasthiti para pahu~ce hue saba siddha eka jaise nirAkAra hone ke kAraNa, dIpa jyoti kI bhA~ti paraspara mila jAne se, samaSTirUpa se - samuccaya se una sabakA 'eka' zabda se kathaMcit vyavahAra ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra bhinna-bhinna nadiyoM kA athavA bhinna-bhitra kuoM kA ikaTThA kiyA huA pAnI eka-dUsare meM mila jAtA hai - unameM kisI prakAra kA bhedabhAva nahIM rahatA aura ekarUpa se unakA vyavahAra hotA hai, usI prakAra prakRta meM bhI bhinna-bhinna jaloM kI bhA~ti eka-dUsare meM mile hue siddhoM ke bAre meM 'eka Izvara' athavA 'eka bhagavAna' kA vyavahAra honA bhI asaMgata athavA aghaTita nahIM hai| jaina dharma kA eka siddhAnta yaha hai ki Izvara jagat kA kartA nahIM haiN.| jaina zAstroM kA aisA kathana hai ki karmabala se ghUmate hue saMsAracakra meM nirlepa, parama vItarAga aura parama kRtArtha aise Izvara kA kartRtva kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? cetana-acetanarUpa akhila jagat prakRtiniyama se hI saMcAlita hai| pratyeka prANI ke sukha-du:kha apane-apane karma-saMskAra ke Upara avalambita haiN| pUrNa zuddha vItarAga Izvara na to kisI para prasanna hotA hai aura na kisI para aprasanna / aisA honA vItarAga svarUpa niraMjana paramezvara meM zakya nhiiN| 1.sAmAnya kevalajJAniyoM kI apekSA tIrthaMkara puNya prakRtiyoM ke mahattara prabhAva ke kAraNa tathA dharma ke eka mahAna prabhAvazAlI prakAzaka kI dRSTi se bahuta ucca koTi para haiM, parantu AtmavikAsa ina donoM kA eka-jaisA hI hai| nirAvaraNa dazA se prAdurbhUta jJAnapUrNatA athavA paramAtma dazA ina donoM prakAra ke kevaliyoM meM sarvathA samAna hotI hai| ata: ye donoM (tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnyakevalI) paramAtmA haiN| - -

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 307 yahA~ eka AzaMkA ho sakatI hai aura vaha yaha ki jisa vastu kI utpatti hotI hai usa vastu kA vinAza bhI hotA hai - isa niyama ke anusAra mokSa kI bhI utpatti hone se usakA bhI anta honA cAhie / isa prakAra mokSa zAzvata siddha nahIM ho sakatA / isake samAdhAna meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki mokSa koI utpanna hone vAlI vastu nahIM hai| kevala karma-bandha se chUTa jAnA athavA AtmA para se karmoM kA haTa jAnA hI AtmA kA mokSa hai| isase AtmA meM koI naI vastu utpanna nahIM hotI jisase usake aMta kI kalpanA karanI pdd'e| jisa prakAra bAdala haTa jAne se jAjvalyamAna sUrya prakAzita hotA hai usI prakAra karma ke AvaraNa haTa jAne se AtmA ke saba guNa prakAzita hote haiM, athavA aisA kaheM ki AtmA apane mUla jyotirmaya citsvarUpa meM pUrNa prakAzita hotI hai| isI kA nAma hai mokSa / sarvathA nirmala mukta AtmA puna: karma se baddha nahIM hotI aura isa kAraNa usakA saMsAra meM punarAvartana ' bhI nahIM hotA / maharSi umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai - dagdhe bIje yathA'tyantaM prAdurbhavati nAGkuraH / karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavAGkuraH // arthAt jisa prakAra bIja sarvathA jala jAne para usameM se aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA usI prakAra karmarUpI bIja sarvathA jala jAne para saMsArarUpI aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA / saMsAra kA sambandha karma-sambandha ke adhIna hai aura karma kA sambandha rAga-dveSa-moha kI cikanAhaTa ke adhIna hai| jo pUrNa nirmala hue haiM, jo karma ke lepa se sarvathA rahita ho gae haiM unameM rAga-dveSa kI cikanAhaTa ho hI kaise ? aura isIliye unake sAtha karma ke punaH sambandha kI kalpanA bhI kaisI ? ataeva saMsAracakra meM unakA punaravataraNa asambhava hai| saba karmoM kA kSaya ho sakatA hai| yahA~ para eka aisA prazna hotA hai ki 'AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMyoga jaba anAdi hai taba anAdi karma kA nAza kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki aisA niyama hai ki anAdi vastu kA nAza nahIM hotaa| isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM yaha samajhane kA hai ki AtmA ke sAtha naenae karma baMdhate jAte haiM aura purAne jhar3ate jAte haiM, isa sthiti meM koI bhI karmapudgala vyakti AtmA ke sAtha anAdikAla se saMyukta nahIM hai, kintu bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke saMyoga kA pravAha anAdikAla se bahatA AtA hai| yadyapi saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha sadA se bhinna-bhinna karma1. "na sa punarAvartate, na punraavrtte|" - chAndogyopaniSad /

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308 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi pudgaloM kA saMyoga satata hotA rahatA hai, aura ataeva karmabandha kA pravAha anAdi hai, phira bhI pratyeka, karma-pudgala-vyakti kA saMyoga AdimAn hai / karmaba~dhA, ata: vaha karmabandha sAdi huA aura sAdi huA isalie vaha karma kabhI na-kabhI jIva para se dUra to hone kA hii| ataeva vyakti-rUpa se koI bhI karma-pudgala AtmA ke sAtha zAzvata rUpa se saMyukta nahIM rahatA / to phira zukla dhyAna ke pUrNa bala se nae karmoM kA bandha ruka jAne ke sAtha hI purAne karma yadi jhar3a jAya~ to kyA yaha zakya nahIM hai ? isa prakAra saba karmoM kA sampUrNa kSaya ho sakatA hai AtmA karma rahita ho sakatI hai| ___isake atirikta saMsAra ke manuSyoM kI ora dRSTikSepa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki kisI manuSya meM rAga-dveSa kI mAtrA adhika hotI hai to kisI meM kama / itanA hI nahIM, eka hI manuSya meM bhI rAga-dveSa kA upacaya-apacaya hotA hai| taba, yaha to sahaja rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai ki rAga-dveSa kI isa prakAra kI kamI-bezI binA kAraNa sambhava nahIM / isa para se aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kamI-bezI vAlI vastu jisa hetu se ghaTatI hai usa hetu ko yadi pUrNa bala mile to usakA sarvathA nAza hI ho| jisa prakAra pUSa mahIne kI prabala ThaMDI bAlasUrya ke manda manda tApa se ghaTatI - ghaTatI adhika tApa par3ane para bilakula ur3a jAtI hai usI prakAra kamI-bezI vAle rAga-dveSa doSa jisa kAraNa se kama hAte haiM vaha kAraNa yadi pUrNa rUpa se siddha ho to ve doSa samUla naSTa hoM isameM kyA ayukta hai ? rAga-dveSa zubha bhAvanAoM ke bala se ghaTate haiM aura ye zubha bhAvanAe~ jaba adhika prabala banatI haiM aura Age bar3hakara AtmA jaba zreSTha samAdhiyoga para pahu~catI hai taba rAga-dveSa kA pUrNa kSaya hotA hai| isa prakAra rAgadveSa kA kSaya hone para nirAvaraNadazA AtmA ko prApta hotI hai| isa dazA kI prApti hote hI kevalajJAna kA prAdarbhAva hotA hai; kyoMki rAga-dveSa kA kSaya hote hI jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ina tInoM karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / sampUrNa saMsAra rUpI mahala kevala do hI stambhoM para TikA huA hai aura ve haiM rAga aura dveSa / mohanIya karma kA (moha kA) sarvasva rAga-dveSa hai| tAr3a vRkSa ke sira para sUI bhoMka dene se jisa prakAra sArA tAr3a vRkSa sUkha jAtA hai usI prakAra saba karmoM ke mUlarUpa rAga-dveSa para prahAra karane se, unakA uccheda karane se sArA karma vRkSa sUkha jAtA hai - naSTa ho jAtA hai| kevala jJAna kI siddhi : rAga-dveSa ke kSaya se (mohanIya karma ke kSaya ke bAda tatkSaNa hI zeSa tIna 'ghAtI' karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se) prAdurbhUta kevalajJAna ke sambandha meM jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha

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samatva prApti kI prakriyA - yoga, tapa, AdhyAtmika,.... 309 isa prakAra hai jJAna kI mAtrA manuSyoM meM nyUnAdhika dekhI jAtI hai| yaha kyA sUcita karatI hai ? yahI ki AvaraNa jitanI mAtrA meM haTatA jAtA hai utanI mAtrA meM jJAna prakaTa hotA hai| AvaraNa jaise jaise adhika haTatA hai, jJAna bhI vaise vaise adhikAdhika prakAzita hotA hai| aura vaha AvaraNa yadi sarvathA haTa jAya to pUrNa jJAna prakaTa ho sakatA hai| yaha bAta eka dRSTAnta se samajhAI jAtI hai| vaha dRSTAnta isa prakAra hai| choTI-bar3I vastuoM meM jo lambAIcaur3AI eka kI apekSA dUsarI meM adhika-adhika dIkha paDatI hai, usa bar3hatI huI lambAIcaur3AI kA pUrNa prakarSa jisa prakAra AkAza meM hotA hai usI prakAra jJAna kI mAtrA bhI bar3hatI bar3hatI kisI puruSa vizeSa meM pUrNa kalA para pahu~ca sakatI hai| jJAna ke vardhamAna prakarSa kI pUrNatA jisameM prakaTa hotI hai vaha pUrNa jJAnaprakAza prApta karane vAlA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI kahalAtA hai aura usakA jo jJAna hai vaha kevalajJAna / jaba AtmA kA rAga-dveSarUpI mAlinya pUrNatayA dUra ho sakatA hai aura jaba vaha pUrNa zuddhi prApta kara sakatI hai taba pUrNa zuddhi meM se prakaTa hone vAlA pUrNa jJAna-prakAza bhI, jise kevalajJAna kahate hai; use prApta ho sakatI hai| . vaidika yoga se kaivalya athavA mokSa upaniSada, gItA, purANa, yogadarzana, yogavAsiSTha Adi vaidika granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba yogI citta ko pUrNata: vizuddha banA letA hai, taba kaivalya athavA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| amRtabindUpaniSada meM manAvarodha ko mokSa kA upAya batalAte hue yoga ke abhyAsa se jJAna prApta karane tathA mukti prApta karane kA ullekha hai| dhyAnabindUpaniSada evaM yogacUDAmaNyupaniSada ke anusAra kuNDalinI-zakti ke jAgrata hone para mokSa dvAra kA bhedana hotA hai| yogadarzanAnusAra jIvAtmA kA sRSTi ke sAtha kartA va bhoktApana kA sambandha athavA puruSa va prakRti aura mana ke saMyoga ke kAraNa avidyA hai, aura usa avidyA ke bandhana ko tor3ane ke lie yoga ke aneka upAya haiN| vAsanA, kleza aura karma hI saMsAra hai athavA saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| ata: ina vAsanAoM ko pUrNata: naSTa karake svasvarUpa meM avasthita ho jAnA hI mokSa athavA kaivalya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vAsanA kA kSaya hI mokSa athavA jIvanamukti hai, athavA mana aura puruSa kI samAna zuddhi hI kaivalya hai / mokSa, vANI tathA mana se arthAt tarka-vitarka se pare athavA agocara hai| bauddha yoga se nirvANa : bauddha yoga meM karma ko saMsAra kI jar3a batAte hue kahA hai ki vaha kabhI pIchA na chor3ane vAlI manuSya kI chAyA ke samAna hai arthAt karmoM se vipAka pravartita hotA hai aura svayaMvipAka

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310 samatva yoga - eka samanvaya dRSTi karma sambhava hai tathA karma se hI punarjanma athavA saMsAra-cakra prArambhaM hotA hai| isalie karma athavA saMsAra se vimukta hone ke lie bauddhayoga meM AcAratattva, aSTAMgika mArga ke antargata zIla evaM samAdhi kA satata abhyAsa karane kA nirdeza hai, jinake dvArA nirvANa kI prApti hotI bauddha yoga ke anusAra nirvANa eka AdhyAtmika anubhava hai, jisakI prApti ke lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa arthAt cittazuddhi apekSita hai, kyoMki cittazuddhi athavA jIvana kI vizuddhi hI nirvANa hai / nirvANa kI avasthA meM, koI citta-mala nahIM rahatA arthAt yaha sampUrNa karmakSayoM ke kAraNa hone vAlI antima bhUmikA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jo sAdhaka athavA yogI isa avasthA meM, pahu~catA hai, use kisI bhI prakAra kI AkAMkSA nahIM rahatI, saMsAra meM puna: lauTane kA bhaya nahIM hotA tathA vaha paramasukha yA Ananda prApta karatA hai| nirvANa kI sthiti aura svarUpa ke sambandha meM svayaM buddha ne koI nirNAyaka uttara na dekara use avyAkRta kahA hai| lekina unake bAda ke AcAryoM ne dIpa-nirvANa kA AdhAra lekara nirvANa viSayaka aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| milinda-prazna ke anusAra nirvANa kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - tRSNA ke nirodha se upAdAna kA, upAdAna ke nirodha se bhava kA, bhava ke nirodha se, janma kA ruka jAnA aura punarjanma ruka jAne se bUr3hA honA, maranA, zoka, du:kha, becainI, parezAnI Adi sabhI prakAra ke du:kha samApta ho jAte haiN| tRSNA, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi saMsAra kI jar3a tathA sAdhaka (yogI) ke mana ko caMcala banAne ke kAraNa haiM, jinase vividha prakAra ke karmoM kA Azrava hotA hai| ata: rAga, dveSa, moha Adi kA kSaya kara denA hI nirvANa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa prakAra tela aura battI ke rahane para dIpaka jalatA hai aura unake abhAva meM vaha bUjha jAtA hai, usI prakAra zarIra chUTane para arthAt marane ke bAda anAsakti ke kAraNa anubhava kI gaI ye vedanAe~ zAnta par3a jAtI haiN| nirvANa kI sthiti meM duHkha kA leza bhI nahIM rahatA, balki vaha sthiti Ananda kI atyadhika parAkASThA hai| vaha sthiti indriyoM, kAla Adi se pare hai aura kevala mana dvArA jAnI jA sakatI hai|

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* , saMdarbha graMtha sUci adhyAtma kalpadruma -vivecaka sva. motIcanda giradharalAla kApar3iyA abhijJAna rAjendrakoza - zrI vijaya rAjendra sarijI anekAnta hai tIsarA netra yuvAcArya mahAprajJa anekAnta vyavasthA ___-yazovijayajI anekAntajaya patAkA --eca. Ara. kApaDiyA anekAnta -- eka parizIlana __ -vijayamuni adhyAtma. vicAraNA _paM. sukhalAlajI anekAnta aura syAdvAda -zrI udayacandajI anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI -eka cintana -zrI sAgaramalajI jaina anekAntavAda - eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana --zrI rAjendralAla DosI anekAnta kI jIvana dRSTi - sobhAgamala jaina adhyAtma pravacana --upAdhyAya amaramuni amarabhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti vizeSAMka (lekha anekAnta kI prAcInatA) AcArAMga sUtra -- Agamodaya samiti, sUrata Agamayuga kA jaina darzana -paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA * **

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312 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. Avazyaka niryukta haribhadra kRti sahita - prakA. - bherulAla kanhaiyAlAla 30. AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama paM. sukhalAlajI AyAro AcArAMga sUtra 25. gaNadharavAda zrImat sudharmA svAmi -gopAladAsa - ratanalAla DozI karma grantha (karma vipAka) - devendra suri AcArAMga -muni nathamalajI. uttarAdhyayanasUtra karma graMtha gItA gorava - paM. sukhalAlajI - praphula paTela - pa. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA -muni nathamalajI jainadarzana - svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - devendramuni zAstrI jaina tarka - zAstra aura Adhunika bahumUlyIya tarkazAstra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - zrImati AzA jaina . jaina dharma aura darzana samatvayoga - eka samanavaya dRSTi - muni nathamalajI jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzano kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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313 saMdarbha graMtha sUci sAgaramala jaina 31. jaina dharma muni suzIla kumAra 32. jaina darzana mohanalAla mehatA 33. jainadharma kA prANa paM. sukhalAlajI 34. jaina AcAra ___mohanalAla mehatA 35. jaina darzana __-mahendra kumAra 36. jInava kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi -DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanana 37. tatvArtha sUtra ___-umAsvAti tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcAra paramparA ___-nemicanda zAstrI tattvArthasUtra -siddhasena gaNiTIkA 40. 41. 42. darzana aura ciMtana pa. sukhalAlajI dazavaikAlika sUtra dharmavyAkhyA -javAharalAlajI ma. dharmadarzana -zuklacandrajI ma. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti __-paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA pratikramaNa 43. 44.

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314 samatvayoga-eka samanavaya dRSTi 47. -mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI 46. prabodha pratikramaNa ____ - dhIrajalAla TokarazI zAha paMca pratikramaNa ____paM. sukhalAlajI 48. pramANa mImAMsA hemacandrAcArya . pazcima darzana - -je. ena sinhA bauddha darzana mImAMsA -baladeva upAdhyAya 51. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana (bhAga-2) - bharatasiMha upAdhyAya 52. bhAratIya tattva vidyA pa.sukhalAlajI 53. bhAratIya darzano kA samanvaya DaoN. AdityanAtha bhtA 54. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna DaoN. hIrAlAla 55. bhAratIya darzana kI ruparekhA -hariyannA 56. bhAratIya cintana paramparA -dAmodaran 57. bhAratIya darzana -gerola 58. bhAratIya darzana -baladeva upAdhyAya 59. bhAratIya darzana (bhAga-1) DA. rAdhAkRSNanana

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saMdarbhagraMtha sUci 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. bhagavatI sUtra majjimanikAya (hindI) mahAvIra merI dRSTi meM yogazAstra mahAbodhi sabhA-sAranAtha - AcArya rajanIza vijJAna aura dharma -hemacandrAcArya samayasAra vizeSAvazyaka bhAga 1, 2, 3 syAdvAda maMjarI -mAlliSeNa - munizrI candrazekhara vijayajI syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgInaya Adhunika vyAkhyA - DaoN. mikhArIrAma syAdvavAda - eka AnuzIlana - AcArya zrI Ananda RSI - AcArya kundakunda samadarzI AcArya haribhadra -paM. sukhalAlajI saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - dinakara sAmAyika sUtra - zrI amaramuni sAmAyika svarUpa -zaMkaralAla kApar3iyA samyag darzana -AcArya zrI vijayacandrasurizvarajI samatAdarzana aura vyavahAra 315

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316 samatvayoga-eka samanavaya dRSTi 76. 77. -AcArya zrI nAneza samatAyoga -ratanamuni samatA, vyavahAra, samAja __-zAntA bhANAvata sAmAyika pATha -amitagati 78. samanvaya 80. 81. 82. 83. DaoN. bhagavAnadAsa zrI mahAvIra no - sAmAyikayoga -lAlana sanmati prakaraNa - paM. sukhalAlajI siMghavI -paM. becaradAsajI doSI zaMkarAcArya kA AcAradarzana -rAmAnanda tivArI SaDdarzana samuccaya -saM. Do. mahendrakumAra jaina zrI zAntasudhArasa -zrI vinayavijayajI mahopAdhyAya zrImad bhagavat gItA __-gItA presa, gorakhapura zrAvaka dharma saMhitA -darabhAvasiMha sodhiyA zrI mahAvIrano sAmAyikayoga -lAlana hinduoM kA jIvanadarzana -Do. rAdhAkRSNanana jJAnasAra yazovijayajI ma. 84. 86. 87.

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* saMdarbha graMtha sUci 317 patra-patrikAe~ zrI amara bhAratI - sanmati jJAnapITha- AgarA jaina satya prakAza - mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka zramaNopAsaka - rAgaDI mohallA , bIkAnera jinavANi sAmAyika aMga - jinavANi kAryAlaya, lAlabhavana, coDArAstA, jayapura . jaina prakAza - 12leDI hArDiga roDa, naI dillI sUkti triveNI - zrI amaramuni sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA OM OM OM Reference Books in English (1) A critical Survey of Indian Philosphy By C.D. Sharma Ethics for today By Herald. H. Titus. Ethical Philosophy of India ___I.C. Sharma Historical introduction to the Indian Schools of Buddhism. By. Vidhushekhava Bhattacharya. Jain theory of Realism and Knowledge By V.G. Padmarajay Three lectures on Vedanta Philosophy By Maxmuller. Jain Theory of Realism and Knowledge ___By V.G. Padmavajay The Nature of Self. ___By A.C. Mukherjee The Bhagwat Gita and changing world. By Nagrajrao The Bhudhist Philosophy of Universal flux ____By S. Mukherjee. wisdom in Conduct By C.B. Garnet. Studies in Jain Philosophy. By Nathmal Tatia (10) (11) (12)

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318 (13) (14) (16) (18) (19) (20) te , (21) samatvayoga-eka samanavaya dRSTi Varieties of Religious Experiences By James Outlines of Indian Philosophy By H Hariyanna Indian Philosophy Part 1 and Part II By Dr. Radhakrishnan Ethical Studies By Bradley. Encyclopedia of Religion and ethics By James Hastings The Central Philosophy of Jainism (Anekanta -vada) By Bimos Krishna Motilal University of Toronto, Canada Aristotal : The Basic Works of Aristotal Edited by R. Mckeon, New York. Jainism in Buddhist Literature Jain Bhageandra. The Jain Philosophy of Non Absolutism. By Mookerjee S. Introduction to Logical theory By Stvawson P.F.(London) Jain Logic and Epistomology Introduction to Pravachansar By Dr. Upadhaya. Santrasa By Masson and Patwordhan Equanimity Philosophy and Practice : By Himmat Sing Sarupria. Jain Achar Mimansa. By Chandrahas Trivedi The life of Ramkrishna By Romain Roland. Jain Logic and Epistomology - Calcutta University Gautam the Budha By Dr. Radhakrishnan Facets of Jains Religiousness in Companative hight By L.M. Joshi Syadvadamanjari History of Indian Philosophy -Sinha History of Indian Philosophy Vol. 1 (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33)

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319 saMdarbha graMtha sUci S. N. Dasgupta (34) The Number of Rasaas by Raghavan (35) Laws of thought by Karner S. (36) Sacred Book of the East by Jacobi

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APPEALS Trust co-ordinately invites Scholars, Writers, Religious, Psychololist, Philosophist, Contemplators and highly motivated persons to make further research work and study on subject of "Equanimity". The person may be of any caste, creed or religion. The study may be in form of paper, essay books, thesis, lectures, debates, conference, or actually experiencing workshops or labs. Thus, whoever wants to work in this area is welcome to negotiate with the trust. They can become the faculty associate with the trust. They can work in harmony with trust activity. For the ready Reference some of the topics for further study and research are mentioned herewith. I) RELIGION : 1) Equanimity and Jain Karmavada 2) Equanimity and Anekantavada (Jain) Equanimity and Gunasthana (Jain) i.e. Stages of evaluation to equanimity and Tranquillity Non-violence and Equanimity (Jain) 3) 7 n of 6a 4) 5) Aparigrah and Equanimity (Jain) 6) 7) Anasakti and Equanimity (Jain) Ahankara and Equanimity (Jain) 8) Krodha and Equanimity (Jain) 9) Concept of Moksha and Equanimity (Jain) 10) Gita and Equanimity (Vedic) 11) Vedic Karmavad and Equanimity (Vedic) 12) Pantanjali Yoga and Equanimity (Hindu) 13) Bhakti Marga and Equanimity (Hindu) 14) Arvindo Samrpana (Surroundig to God) and Equanimity (Hindu) 15) Buddhism and Equanimity 16) Pragna and Equanimity 17) Equanimity in Christians religion 18) Equanimity in Muslim religion 19) Eqanimity in tribal supertious religion & practice

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saMdarbha graMtha sUci 321 20) Is Equanimity possible by Monks only ? 21) Can social being have Equanimity and if so what will be the style and type of Equanimity ? How far it is possible to maintain tranquillity while living in society. II) MEDIATATION : 1) Japa & Mantra and Equanimity 2) Yoganindra and Equanimity 3) Vipasyana and Equanimity 4) Zen and Equanimity 5) Marshal art and Equanimity 6) Tea Ceremony and Equanimity 7) Patanjali Yog and Equanimity 8) Samayik; Pratikramana & Equanimity (Jain) () Dhun and Equanimity 10) Alertness, presence of Mind and Equanimity 12) Conciousness, Single mindness and Equanimity II) PSYCHOLOGY : 1) Conciousness and Equanimity 2) Awarness, Alertness and Equanimity 3) Intent, Motive and. Equanimity 4) Script, Psychological constitution and Equanimity 5) ID, Ego & Super ego and Equanimity (Psycho-Analysis) 6) Adult Ego states and Equanimity (Transactional Analysis) 7) Rational mind and Equanimity 8) Auto suggestion Hynotisum and Equanimity 9) Mental hygiene and Equanimity 10) Counselling and Equanimity 11) Empathy, Sympathy and Equanimity 12) How to stimulte Equanimity process through experiencing workshops & lab. 13) What is 'Intent' or Manokarma ? How it manifests internally & externally ? What are its consequences on Tranquillity and intranquillity, 14) Emotions, feelings and Equanimity. IV) SCIENCE : 1) Existanciality and Reality with reference to Equanimity

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322 2) 3) 4) samatvayoga-eka samanavaya dRSTi What is 'Knowledge'? How misconception take place in knowing. Errors of omission & commission in knowledge process. Individual perception, subjectivity and Equanimity. What is Truth ? How far Truth is true ? How truth is related to Equanimity ? How to widen mental horizons ? How to increase mental tolerance. It means capacity by absorbing all controversies, & conficts & really opposite views What is relaxation ? How it affects nervous system and Equanimity ? How stress create mentl & physical disorder & disturbances ? How to manage stress ? What is Prudence, Pragna and wisdom ? What are the test to identify? What are the process to achieve state of pragna ? How Inner joy & external pleasure are different from each other ? How to identify them and distinguish them ? How to avoid illusion about external pleasure as a inner 8) 9) joy? 10) Language as a means to identify existanciality & reality (Anekanta Vada) 11) What is the Art of co-existance among variety, Varselity, differenciality & opposites stand points and views ? 12) What is Art of avoiding resistance, rejections, enimity & Dwesha in life? What is art of avoiding longeng illusive expectation or Rag ? 13) What is art of going from enimity to equanimity ? 14) How to define wellbeing of our physical & mental hygines ? What is day today routine to follow-up for mental hygine ? 15) How food, sleep, excercise and daily movement affect on Equanimity ? 16) What is scientific inquiry, scientific observation or research methodology ? How to conduct scientific inquiry ? V) SOCIAL : 1) Is Equanimity Utopia ? Is It Unpractical idealisum; expecially

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saMdarbha graMtha sUci with reference to social circumstance ? Interpersonal Relationship & Equanimity. Art of coping, adjustment & Equanimi... Individual v/s Society with reference to Equanimity. Ethical code, v/s Moral code & Equanimity 6) Natural Law v/s Social Law & Equanimity 4) 5) 7) How to remain in lotus state or 'Kamala Vat', Inspite of life crisis 2) 3) 8) Detachment & Social living, its various texture & misture between two. VI) LAWS : 1) Jurispurdence & Equanimity 2) Impartial judgement, discriminative powers & Equanimity Developng supreme judicial mind through Equanimity Intent, deliberation, concent, decent & Equanimity 3) 4) 5) Art of absorbing universal criminal personality with empathy forgive & forget, or samapana, Art of pardoning. VII) MANAGEMENT : 1) No excellence is possible without Equanimity Leadership style and Equanimity 2) 3) Conflict Resolution and Equanimity 4) 5) Customer & Employees grievances & Equanimity Top strategic policy planning through Equanimity Problem solving methods & Equanimity 6) 7) Organisation behaviour, Organisation development and Equa nimity VIII) STIMULATING WORKSHOP & LABS : 1) Developing Art of contemplation 2) Equanimity through individual counselling Equanimity through group particiation 3) 4) Art of listening inner conciousness 5) Art of clarifying through inner debates Stimulating excercise of hot & old seats 6) 323

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324 samatvayoga-eka samanavaya dRSTi 7) Exploring through direct participation & exploser 8) Positive auto suggestion for Equanimity 9) Various excercises of relation and meditation 10) Developing awarness to live now & here in present mind state 11) Managing negative feelings & perceptions & resolving them 12) Stimulating excercise for tolerance, increasing, and baring capacity or Stress Management. 13) Stimulating excercise for accepting life as it is i.e. accepting reality and existanciality. 14) Stimulating excercise for widening the horizons to under stand versatility and differenciality of universal objects., 15) Practising Equanimity in routine life. 16) Equanimity as a way of life, a life style or day today living and its actual practise. 17) Stimulating exercise to give indepancance to others. Let them to solve their own problems. Mind your own problems. 18) Becoming Independant. Developing Self-Reliance or Atina Sukha Navin Shah Managing Trustee Navdarshan Society of Self Development

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About the author Dr. Pritam Singhvi, Ph.D. is a Post Doctrate Research Scholar. She has already published one book on Hindi Jain Sahitya Mein Krishna-Ka-Swaroop Vikas. This is her second publication. Besides this, she has also participated in National and International conferences. Presently she is working on the topic Anekantvada and also editing some important old manuscripts. Dr. Pritam Singhvi 4-A, Ramya Apt. Opp. Ketav Petrol Pump, Polytechnic Rd., Ambawadi, Ahmedabad-380015 Ph.: (079) 407896

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An Admirable Integrating Approach The present effort of Dr. (Mrs.) Pritam Singhavi relates to one of the core tenets which, she thinks, is commonly shared by the Jain, Buddhist and Vedic religo-philosophical traditions. It is well-known that the Samyak vision, knowledge and conduct are, according to the Jainas the path to liberation. To achieve Samyak-Sambodhi and become Samma-Sambhuddha is laid down as the highest goal in Buddhism. The Bhagavad-Gita says that Yoga is nothing but Samatva. It characterizes a wise man as one who possesses Sama-drsti. Krsna calls him his dearest devotee who has cultivated samatva between all the pairs of opposites like happiness and misery etc. In the Siddha tradition of late Buddhism becoming samarasa is laid down as the sumum bonum. Dr. Singhvi has equated this samatva and samyaktva, and has tried to show systematically how in all the three great traditions they have been considered the highest goals of thought and practice. Her treatment is quite noteworthy because of her wider perspective and synthesizing approach as against the usual tendency of emphasizing individual specificities. Our great religion traditions have much in common and there has been constant mutual give and take between them in theory and practice exhibiting, as in other cultural areas, unity in diversity, Some simplification is inevitable in this type of efforts, which cannot bother about niceties of various concepts and practices. Her lucid exposition will be found instructive to all who are interested in our religious culture. H.C. Bhayani L. D. Institute of Indology Ahmedabad.