Matsyapradesh ki Hindi Sahitya ko Den

Author(s): Motilal Gupt
Publisher: Rajasthan Prachyavidya Pratishthan Jodhpur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003396/1

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rAjasthAna purAtanagannamAlA pradhAna sampAdaka-padmazrI jinavijaya muni, purAtattvAcArya [sammAnya saJcAlaka, rAjasthAna pAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura] granthAGka 66 matsyapradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena rAjasthApacyAriTAnidhana C0000 DOCOD pra kA zaka rAjasthAna rAjya saMsthApita rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna - jodhapura (rAjasthAna) RAJASTHAN ORIENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, JODHPUR For Privale & Personal Use Only

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rAjasthAna parAtana granthamAlA pradhAna sampAdaka - padmazrI jinavijaya muni, purAtattvAcArya [sampAnya saJcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, bodhapura] granthAGka 66 matsya-pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena prakAzake rAjasthAna rAjya saMsthApita rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura ( rAjasthAna ) RAJASTHAN ORIENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, JODHPUR

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rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlA rAjasthAna rAjya dvArA prakAzita sAmAnyata: akhila bhAratIya tathA vizeSataH rAjasthAnadezIya purAtanakAlIna saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, hindI Adi bhASAnibaddha vividha vAGamayaprakAzinI viziSTa granthAvali pradhAna sampAdaka padmazrI jinavijaya muni, purAtattvAcArya sammAnya saMcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura ; oNnareri membara aoNpha jarmana orienTala sosAiTI, jarmanI; nivRtta sammAnya niyAmaka (oNnareri DAyarekTara ), bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI; pradhAna sampAdaka, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ityAdi granthAGka 66 matsya-pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena prakAzaka rAjasthAna rAjyAjJAnusAra saJcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura ( rAjasthAna )

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena lekhaka DaoN. motIlAla gupta, ema. e., pI-eca. DI. rIDara hindI-vibhAga, jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura. prakAzanakartA rAjasthAna rAjyAjJAnusAra saJcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapara ( rAjasthAna ) vikramAbda 2016 prathamAvRtti 1000 bhArata rASTrIya zakAbda 1884 mUlya 7.00 mudraka-hariprasAda pArIka, sAdhanA presa, jodhapura

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RAJASTHAN PURATANA GRANTHAMALA PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN A series devoted to the Publication of Samskrit, Prakrit, Apabharamsa, Old Rajasthani Gujarati and Old Hindi works pertaining to India in general and Rajasthan in particular. GENERAL EDITOR PADMASHREE JIN VIJAYA MUNI, PURATATTVACHARYA Honorary Director, Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, Jodhpur; Honorary Member of the German Oriental Society, Germany; Retired Honorary Director, Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay; General Editor, Singhi Jain Series etc. etc. No. 66 MATSYA PRADESH KI HINDI SAHITYA KO DEN Vu DR. MOTILAL GUPTA, M.A., Ph.-D. Reader, Hindi Department, University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur. Published By The Hon. Director, Rajasthan Prachya Vidya Pratisthana ( Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute ) JODHPUR ( RAJASTHAN ) V. S. 2019 ] All Rights Reserved [ 1962 A.

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saJcAlakIya vaktavya prAcIna kAla meM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAga vibhinna nAmoM se prasiddha the / udAharaNasvarUpa rAjasthAna kA uttarI bhAga jAMgala pazcimI bhAga mahakAntAra, dakSiNI DUMgarapurabAMsavAr3A kA pradeza vAgar3a, mevAr3a kA pradeza zivi aura medapATa, puSkara kA kSetra puSkarAraNya, arbudapradeza prarbudAraNya aura alavara-jayapura kA adhikAMza bhAga matsya kahA jAtA thaa| mahAbhArata-kAla meM matsya pradeza kA virATa nagara vizeSa prasiddha thA jahA~ pANDavoM ne prajJAtavAsa kiyA thaa| vIra abhimanyu kI vivAhitA uttarA bhI isI virATa kI rAjakumArI mAnI jAtI hai / virATa ke khaNDahara jayapura kSetra meM aba bhI vidyamAna haiM aura zilAlekhoM meM utkIrNa jo azoka kI dharmalipiyAM bhArata ke ine-gine sthAnoM meM milatI haiM unameM eka viziSTa sthAna isa verATa kA bhI hai| isa prakAra matsya- pradeza hamAre deza meM rAjasthAna kA eka prati mahattvapUrNa zraura prAcIna itihAsa prasiddha bhU-bhAga hai bhAratIya svAdhInatA ke pazcAt dezI riyAsatoM kA ekIkaraNa prArambha huA to matsyarAjya ke antargata pralavara, bharatapura, dhaulapura aura karaulI kI riyAsateM sammilita kI gaI / dillI ke nikaTa hone se matsya- pradeza kA bhaugolika, aitihAsika aura rAjanaitika dRSTi se madhyakAla meM aura bhI vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| briTiza zAsana ke viruddha bharatapura kA svAdhInatA saMgharSa bhAratIya zrora rAjasthAnI itihAsa kI eka gauravapUrNa ghaTanA hai jisakA hRdaya sparzI citraraNa hamAre aneka bhASAkaviyoM ne kiyA hai / matsya- pradeza ke zAsakoM se protsAhana prApta kara athavA svAntaH sukhAya zraneka sAhityakAroM aura vidvajjanoM ne saMskRta, hindI tathA rAjasthAnI meM apanI racanAe~ prastuta kI haiN| prAcIna hastalikhita graMthoM ke rUpa meM aisI racanAe~ hamAre graMtha bhaMDAroM meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotI haiM jinakI vidhivat khoja, adhyayana, sampAdana aura prakAzana kA kArya vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / rAjasthAna - prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna kA eka pradhAna uddezya yaha rahA hai ki rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja kI jAve zraura rAjasthAna kI sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika samRddhi ke viSaya meM AlocanAtmaka graMtha prakAzita kiye jAveM / isI dRSTi se prastuta pustaka kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai / rAjasthAna ke granya bhU-bhAgoM ke prAcIna hastalikhita graMthoM aura sAhitya ke viSaya meM prakAzana ke lie bhI hama samutsuka raheMge / vidvAn lekhaka zrIyuta DaoNkTara motIlAlajI gupta ne prastuta zodha-prabandha po-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie likhA hai| unhoMne isa kArya ke lie matsya pradeza ke graMtha bhaMDAroM kA pratyakSa avalokana kara parizramapUrvaka praneka prajJAta hindI graMthoM tathA graMthakAroM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta karake adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / lekhaka kI dRSTi prabandhagata viSaya ke

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[ 2 ] anusAra mukhyataH hindI-graMthoM aura hindI-graMthakAroM kI ora rahI hai jisase matsya-pradeza meM racita bahuta se saMskRta tathA rAjasthAnI bhASA ke graMthoM aura unake kartAoM kA vivaraNa isa prabandha meM nahIM pA sakA hai| phira bhI matsyapradezIya sAhitya kI eka rUparekhA avazya taiyAra ho gaI hai / zrIyuta guptajI ne kaI dinoM taka pratiSThAna kI graMtha-sUciyoM aura graMthoM kA nirIkSaNa evaM adhyayana karake apane prabandha meM Avazyaka saMzodhana aura parivarddhana bhI kara lie haiN| AzA hai ki vidvajjana prastuta prakAzana se pUrNa lAbhAnvita ho kara vidvAn lekhaka ke parizrama ko saphala bnaaveNge| jodhapura, vijayAdazamI, vi0 saM0 2 muni jinavijaya sammAnya saMcAlaka rAjasthAna-prAcyavidyA-pratiSThAna, jodhpur| ernational www.jainel

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Amukha prastuta prabandha kA zIrSaka hai "hindI sAhitya ko matsya pradeza kI dena" | nibandha kA viSaya cunA gayA thA sAhitya kI usa amUlya nidhi ko dekha kara jo hastalikhita pustakoM, khojasUcanAoM athavA mudrita pustakoM ke rUpa meM itastataH bikharI huI par3I hai| usa sAmagrI ke mahattva aura upayogitA para adhika kahane kI prAvazyakatA nhiiN| aba taka hiMdI sAhitya ke jo itihAsa likhe gae haiM unameM adhikAMzatayA pradhAna lekhakoM, unakI racanAoM aura isa sAhitya ke samaSTigata prabhAva para hI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vibhinna janapadoM meM jo sAhitya-sRjana humA usake mUlyAMkana para jo dhyAna diyA jAnA cAhiye thA vaha nahIM diyA gyaa| hA~, isa sambandha meM DaoNkTara satyendra kA 'braja loka-sAhitya kA adhyayana' eka apavAda avazya hai| pariNAma yaha huA ki yahAM kI bahuta sI mUlyavAna sAmagrI abhI taka aprakAzita par3I huI hai| isa prasaMga meM matsya pradeza kI apanI eka vizeSatA hai| isa janapada kA adhikAMza bhAga braja bhASA-bhASI hai / zeSa meM zuddha braja bhASA kA prAcurya na hote hue bhI usakA samucita prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / phira sAmantazAhI samaya meM vibhinna rAjyoM ke antargata hone ke kAraNa matsya ke pratyeka bhAga meM sAhitya ko vibhinna rUpa meM rAjyAzraya prApta huaa| rAjyAzraya prApta sAhitya bhI apanA sthAna rakhatA hai| rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika vikAsa yojanA ke sAtha matsya pradeza ke isa sAhitya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| prastuta nibandha isI kA prayAsa hai ki rAjasthAna ke samaSTigata sAhitya-yoga meM matsya kI sevA kA mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA jaaye| isa viSaya para abhI taka kisI bhI jijJAsu ne prakAza nahIM ddaalaa| idhara-udhara likhe gae kucha lekha nagaNya mAtra hI haiN| prataeva, unakA AbhAra mAnate hue bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta prabandha kA viSaya, usakI sAmagrI, prAyaH sabhI maulika hai aura sAmagrI ke sabhI aMga mUla rUpa meM lekhaka ke adhyayana kA viSaya rahe haiN| apane prabandha se pUrva prakAzita kisI bhI sammati. ko binA dekhe aura jAMca kie pramANita nahIM mAna liyA gayA hai| muMzI devIprasAda evaM mahezacandra jozI ne alavara aura karaulI ke kucha kaviyoM kI kavitA kA saMkSipta paricaya, bahuta dina hue, likhA thA; parantu yaha paricaya sAmagrI ko upalabdhi ke anupAta meM itanA kama hai ki apane aitihAsika mahattva ke atirikta usakA dUsarA koI bhI upayoga nahIM raha jaataa| bharatapura ke baikuMThavAsI mahArAjA savAI zrI kRSNasiMhajI ke rAjyakAla meM 'bhArata vIra' nAma kA eka sundara sAptAhika nikalatA thaa| isa meM kabhI-kabhI kacha lekha matsya pradeza ke lekhakoM ke viSaya meM nikala jAte the| kucha nae lekhakoM ko bhI isase protsAhana milatA thaa| parantu admAvadhi koI aisA mArga nahIM hai jisake dvArA samasta sAhityakAroM kI racanAoM kA rasAsvAdana karAyA jA ske| alavara se nikalane vAle 'teja pratApa' aura 'arAvalI' kA bhI kevala aitihAsika mahattva hI raha gayA hai| bharatapura rAjya meM pracura sAmagrI vartamAna thii| parantu khoja karane para patA calA ki usakA adhikAMza bhAga paM0 mayAzaMkara yAjJika dvArA bharatapura se bAhara gayA aura usakA

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abhI taka koI vizeSa upayoga nahIM ho paayaa| yAjJika' jI ke nijI saMgrahAlaya ke rUpa meM yaha prasiddha hai| yahI hAla usa sAmagrI kA huA jo kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI ora se khoja kArya kI sUcI banAne vAloM ko dI gaI thii| saca to yaha hai ki ina durghaTanAmoM ke kAraNa Aja ke parivAra jinake pAsa hastalikhita pustakoM kA bhaMDAra hai aba kisI bhI khoja karane vAle para vizvAsa nahIM karate aura apanI pustakeM dikhAne meM bhI pAnA-kAnI karate haiN| prastuta prabandha ke lekhaka ko bhI ina kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai| AzaMkApUrNa vAtAvaraNa ne usake mArga meM aneka zUloM ko aMkurita kara use paryApta rUpa se kaMTakAkIrNa kara diyaa| parantu prabhu ke prasAda se sabhI vighna-bAdhAe~ dUra hotI calI gii| matsyapradeza vAsI hone ke kAraNa hI kadAcita yaha saMbhava ho sakA / likhita sAmagrI ko abhivyakti ke prakaraNa meM aneka vicAra sAmane praaye| kabhI vicAra hA ki sAmagrI kA vibhAjana rAjAoM athavA prAzrayadAtAnoM ke rAjyakAla anusAra kiyA jAye aura isa prakAra pratyeka kAla ke sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana ho| parantu isameM duvidhA yaha thI ki matsya ke antargata sabhI rAjyoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka anveSaNa karanA par3atA aura yaha vivecana kabhI punaruktiyoM se baca na pAtA / dUsarA vicAra yaha utpanna huA ki kramAgata rUpa se lekhakoM aura unakI racanAoM kA vivaraNa dekara phira usakI AlocanA kI jaaye| parantu yaha zailI bhI adhika upayogI siddha na huI kyoMki aisA karane se prabandha kevala 'naoNTsa' jaisA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA / anta meM yahI ucita samajhA gayA ki viSaya ke anusAra sAmagrI ko bAMTa diyA jaaye| isa prakAra ke vibhAjana se samasta sAmagrI kI kramAgata pravattiyoM kA bhI patA cala sakegA aura unakA mUlyAMkana karane meM bhI sugamatA ho jaaygii| tIsarA lAbha yaha hogA ki hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyoM ke dRSTikoNa se adhyayanakartA ko yaha bhI mAlUma ho sakegA ki kisI bhI prasaMga meM matsya pradeza kI dena kyA hai ? kitanI hai ? aura kaisI hai ? vAstava meM yahI isa prabandha kA lakSya bhI thaa| prabandhakartA kA vizvAsa hai ki isa praNAlI dvArA vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kI rakSA ho sakI hai aura vyavahArikatA kA bhI nirvAha ho gayA hai| phira matsya pradeza kI jo vizeSatA hai vaha bhI sAmane A gaI hai| udAharaNa ke lie "anuvAda"-prasaMga / pralocya kAla kA yaha prasaMga bar3A hI madhura aura mahattvapUrNa hai / Aja jaba ahindI bhASA-bhASI athavA aMgrejI ke himAyatI hindI sAhitya meM prAcIna saMskRta granthoM ke anuvAda taka ke prabhAva kI pora iMgita karate haiM to yaha prakaraNa unheM eka prakAra kI cunautI detA hai / yaha durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki aprakAzita hone ke kAraNa yaha sabhI sAhitya janasAdhAraNa se dUra par3A hai parantu isase yaha to spaSTa hai hI ki hindI vAloM ne usakI pravahelanA hI nahIM kI, usake mahattva ko bhI nahIM smjhaa| saMkSepa meM prastuta prabandha sAmagrI kI pracuratA, mUla pustakoM ke adhyayana aura pariNAma, sAmagrI kI abhivyakti evaM aba taka ko prakAzita etadviSayI sAhitya ke sadupayoga prAdi sabhI daSTikoNoM se maulikatA, gambhIratA aura vizadatA ke prayAsa kA vinamra dAvA kara sakatA hai| prastutakartA ko tabhI prasannatA hogI jaba vidvadvarga apanI sammati se isa meM die gae pariNAmoM ko apanI sahamati pradAna kregaa|

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/ 3 / matsya pradeza meM upalabdha ina vividha kRtiyoM kA adhyayana aneka prakAra se upayogI hai-na kevala kucha viziSTa kaviyoM ke kRtitva se hI paricaya hotA hai varan usa samaya kI pracalita sAhityika pravRttiyoM aura vidyAoM kA bhI parijJAna hotA hai| sAtha hI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika prasaMgoM para bhI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI milatI hai| rAjasthAna kA hastalikhita sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM prApta hotA hai aura kucha logoM ne isa ora kArya bhI kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM 'zivasiMha-saroja', "mizrabaMdhu-vinoda', 'rAjasthAna kA piMgala sAhitya', Adi pustakoM ke nAma lie jA sakate haiM parantu matsyapradeza se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI ina kRtiyoM meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hoto aura lagabhaga yahI dazA nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI khoja-riporToM kI hai| isa zodha-prabaMdha meM kucha aise kaviyoM kA nAmollekha bhI huyA hai jo matsyapradeza ke to nahIM kahe jA sakate kiMtu jinakA nikaTatama saMbaMdha isa pradeza ke rAjAnoM athavA sAmAnya janatA se rahA hai, yathA-rasarAsi, kalAnidhi, devIdAsa prAdi / eka bAta maiM aura kaha duuN| isa prabaMdha meM merA uddezya matsya ke saMpUrNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana nahIM rahA aura na aisA saMbhava hI hotA / maiMne to isa bAta kI ceSTA kI hai ki prApta sAmagrI meM se aisA cunAva kiyA jAya jisase isa pradeza kI pramukha kAvya-pravRttiyoM kA paricaya mila sake / isI dRSTi se kaviyoM kI jIvanasaMbaMdhI sAmagrI kA bhI prAya: prabhAva milegaa| isa saMbaMdha meM maiMne apanA dRSTikoNa vivaraNAsmaka aura AlocanAtmaka rakhA hai kintu aba maiM samajhane lagA hUM ki bhASA-viSayaka adhyayana bhI bahuta upayogI hogaa| alavara ke jAcIka jIvaNa kRta 'pratAparAso' ko isa dRSTi se saMpAdita kiyA jA cukA hai aura bharatapura ke somanAtha saMbaMdhI kAvyoM kA bhASA-viSayaka adhyayana jArI hai| isa zodha prabaMdha kA nirdezana-kArya prAcAryavara DaoN0 somanAthajI gupta, avakAza prApta prisipala mahArAjA kaoNleja, jayapura tathA vartamAna saMcAlaka rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI, udayapura ke dvArA huA / matsya pradeza ke hastalikhita sAhitya meM DaoNkTara sAhaba kI ruci bahuta samaya se rahI hai aura jaba maiMne yaha viSaya prastAvita kiyA to Apane usakA prasannatApUrvaka anumodana kiyA / apane sAtha kucha hastalikhita graMthoM kA pATha karAnA, aneka pate-ThikAne batAnA aura hastalikhita graMthoM ko upalabdha karane kI yuktiyAM batAnA DaoNkTara sAhaba jaise sAdhana-sampanna vyakti kA hI kArya thaa| yaha eka sukhada prasaMga haiM ki isa prAnta ke pramukha sAhityakAra kA nAma bhI 'somanAtha' hI hai aura abhI taka maiM ina somanAthajI meM ulajhA hamA haiN| apane zodha-chAtroM ko jo suvidhAeM, protsAhana aura mArga-darzana DaoN0 gupta dete haiM vaha anukaraNIya hai| isa sthAna para isa viSaya kI ora dhyAna prAkRSTa karane vAle svargIya paMDita nandakumAra (sanyAsa lene para bAbA gurumukhidAsa ) kA kRtajJatApUrvaka nAma smaraNa karanA bhI mAvazyaka hai| ve kahA karate the 'matsya kyA-bharatapura-ke hastalikhita sAhitya para hI darjanoM zodhaprabaMdha prastuta kie jA sakate haiN|' yaha kathana atizayoktipUrNa ho sakatA hai kintu yahA~ kI sAmagrI kA yatkicita anuzIlana karane ke pazcAta merA bhI mata hai ki zodha-sAmagrI yahA~ pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna hai / svargIya paMDitajI ke vyaktigata noToM se maiMne kAphI lAbha utthaayaa| isa prasaMga meM mere guruvara paM. madanalAlajI zarmA, prasiddha anveSaka muni kAntisAgarajI, sva0

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[ 4 ] bharatapura nareza ke pUjya DIga bAle paMDitajI, paM0 harekRSNa, vaidya devIprakAzajI avasthI, paM0 zyAmasundara sAMkhyadhara zrAdi ke prati bhI maiM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| zrI hindI sAhityasamiti, bharatapura, rAjakIya pustakAlaya, bharatapura, alavara-myUjiyama; alavara-nareza ke vyaktigata pastakAlaya ke adhikAriyoM Adi ko aneka dhanyavAda denA bhI merA kartavya hai| prApta sAmagrI kA bahuta kucha aMza inhI sthAnoM se prApta huprA / bharatapura ke mahArAjA vrajendrasavAI zrI vrajendrasiMhajI tathA alavarAdhIza zrI tejasiMha jU deva ke prati bhI maiM vinamra AbhAra arpita karatA huuN| ina vidyApremI narezoM ke sahayoga tathA sujhAvoM kA aneka sthAnoM para upayoga huA hai| mujhe kahA gayA ki mere zodha-prabaMdha ke parIkSaka mere aAdaraNIya guruvara DaoN0 dhIrendra jI varmA tathA prAgarA hiMdI vidyApITha ke DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara satyendra the| ina donoM vidvAnoM dvArA nirdiSTa sujhAvoM kA yathA-saMbhava samAveza karane kA prayAsa kRtajJatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA prakAzana rAjasthAna sarakAra ke rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA-pratiSThAna, jodhapura dvArA ho rahA hai| saMbhavataH isa pratiSThAna dvArA kisI bhI zodha-prabaMdha ke lie diyA gayA, yaha prathama sammAna hai / pratiSThAna ke sammAnya saMcAlaka, vividha bhASAnoM ke advitIya vidvAna aura prasiddha khojakartA munivara padmazrI jinavijayajI ne isa prabandha ko acchI taraha dekhane kI kRpA kI aura rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita karane ke lie upayukta smjhaa| unake dvArA milA yaha protsAhana mere lie atyanta mUlyavAna hai / pratiSThAna ke upasaMcAlaka paMDita pravara gopAlanArAyaNajI bahurA ke aneka mUlyavAna parAmarza tathA pustaka prakAzana meM abhiruci ke prati maiM atyanta kRtajJa hai| pravara zodha sahAyaka zrI puruSottamalAlajI menAriyA ne apane athaka parizrama dvArA pariziSTa naM0 1 tathA 2 ko unakA vartamAna svarUpa pradAna kiyA, sAtha hI pratiSThAna ke anya variSTha karmacArI bhI isa kArya meM sahayoga pradAna karate rahe - ina sabhI ke prati maiM AbhArI huuN| isa pustaka kA mudraNa-kArya sundara rUpa meM sampanna karAne ke lie maiM sAdhanA presa ke vyavasthApaka zrI hariprasAdajI pArIka kA bhI kRtajJa huuN| -motIlAla gupta hindI vibhAga. jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura, tArIkha 8 disambara, 1962 I0

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samarpaNa aneka hastalikhita granthoM ke saMgrahakartA mere pUjya pitA dovAna zrI rAmacandrajI tathA snehamayI jIjI (pUjya mAtAjI) ke caraNoM meM sAdara samarpita - motIlAla gupta

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saJcAlakIya vaktavya prAmukha zradhyAya 1 - pRSTha bhUmi 1 - 30 - - 6, prAnta ke sAhitya aura matsyapradeza kI paramparA aura prAcInatA 1, Adhunika matsyapradeza ke cAroM rAjya 3, pradeza kI vizeSatAeM 5, yahAM ke devatA - 7, samIpavartI pradeza kA prabhAva - 8, anya pravRttiyAM, pracalita bhASA aura boliyAM saMskRti para prabhAva 10, cAroM rAjyoM kI ekatA 13, brAhmaNoM kI pradhAnatA - 15, anya varNa - 15, pezevAra 16, matsyaprAnta kI sAhityika paramparA sAhityika sAmagrI ke sthAna 16, kucha purAne sAhityakAra - 22, lAladAsa nalla siMha - 22, karamAbAI - 23, jodharAja 23, hastalikhita granthoM kI pracuratA 25, alavara aura bharatapura kA sApekSika mahattva 28, anusaMdhAna ke sthAna - 26 / 17, 22, - - - - viSaya - sUcI - 61 / M adhyAya 2 rItikAvya 31 - 62 hindI meM rItikAvya 31, kAvyasampradAya 31, rasasampradAya 31, alaMkAra sampradAya - 32, rItisampradAya - 32, vakroktisampradAya - 33, dhvanisampradAya - 33, matsya ke rItikAra aura unakI pravRttiyAM - 34, govinda kavi 40, zivarAma 44, somanAtha - 50, kalAnidhi 57, bakhatAvara siMha ke rAjakavi bhogIlAla : bakhatavilAsa - 65, sikhanakha 68, harinAtha va vinayaprakAza 70, rAmakavi : alaMkAramaMjarI - 74, chaMdasAra - 75, brajacaMda : zrRMgAratilaka 77, motIrAma : brajendravinoda 78, jugalakavi : rasakallola 81. rasAnaMda : sikhanakha 84, brajendravilAsa 86, siddhAntanirUpaNa kI vizeSatAeM - 86, kavi deva zrAdi ke Agamana - - - - 1 - - - ww B - - adhyAya 3 - zrRMgArakAdhya 63- 120 zRMgArakAvya ke aMtargata sAmagrI - 63, matsyaprAnta meM bhakti 3, lakSmaraNasaMbaMdhI zRMgAra - 64, bhakti kI apekSAkRta kamI 65, prema kA tAtvika nirUpaNa - 66, devIdAsa : premaratanAkara - 96, somanAtha : premapaccIsI 8 bakhtAvarasiMha : zrI kRSNalIlA - 100, mAna kavi : zivadAna candrikA - 104, catura kavi : tilocanalIlA 105, pada maMgalAcaraNa horI - 1050 bholAnAtha : lIlApaccIsI 106, bRjadUlaha - 110, vIrabhadra : phAgulIlA 114, rAma kavi : birahapaccIsI : 116, gIta 118, matsyazRMgAra kI vizeSatAeM - 126 / - - - - 1 112, vaTunAtha : rAsapaMcAdhyAyI rasAnaMda : rasAnaMdaghana 117, loka

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adhyAya 4 - bhaktikAvya matsya kI bhakti ke rUpa 121, dhArmika sampradAya hanumAnanATaka 126 baladeva kavi : vicitra dAnalIlA 133, nAgalIlA 121 - 168 122, bhakti ke cAroM rUpa - rAmakaruNa nATaka - 127, rAmAyaNa 126, kRSNa 124, rAmakAvya - 126, ahirAvaNavadhakathA - 127, kAvya - 133, 134, alIbakhza : kRSNalIlAeM 135, vIrabhadra : bRjavilAsa - 136, rasanAyaka : virahavilAsa - 138, rasarAsi : rasarAsipaccIsI 141, rAmanArAyaNa : rAdhAmaMgala nAtha mahAdevajI ko vyAhulau - 147, rasAnaMda: gaMgAbhUtala zrAgamana kathA - rAmaprasAda : gaMgAbhaktataraMgAvalI 151, umAdatta : kAlikASTaka 153, udayarAma : giravaravilAsa 154, dhruvavinoda paccIsI 156, caraNadAsI sAhitya - 160, bAI - 162, dayA bAI 163; saMtasAhitya - matsya kI bhakti aura yahAM ke sAhitya kI vizeSa bAteM 143, soma150, 158 jugalakavi : karuNAbhaktisAgara 160, sahajo 165, gulAma muhammada - 167, 167 / - - - - - - - - - [ 2 ] - - zradhyAya 5 nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI tathA zranya 166 - 225 vividha sAhitya - 166, yuddhasaMbaMdhI - 170, kathAsAhitya - 171, itihAsa 171, akabara kRta rAjanIti 172, devIdAsa : rAjanIti 172, harinAtha : vinayavilAsa 174, akalanAmA 175, vIrakAvya - 177, jAcIka jIvana : pratAparAso 178, sUdana : sujAnacaritra - 183. khusAla kavi : vijayasaMgrAma 188 datta : yamanavidhvaMsaprakAsa 161; sphuTa chaMda - 194, kathAsAhitya 168 akherAma : siMhAsana battIsI - 168, vikramavilAsa 201, gaMgesa : vikrama vilAsa - 203, vaidyanAtha : vikramacaritrapaMcadaNDakathA - 203, somanAtha : sujAna vilAsa 205, rAmalAla : vivAhavinoda - 206, gaNeza kavi : vivAhavinoda 207, itihAsasaMbaMdhI pustakeM - 210, udayarAma : sujAnasaMvata - 211, dAna : alavara rAjya kA itihAsa zivabakhza - 214, zikArasAhitya - 218. sobhanAtha : 222, itihAsasaMbaMdhI sAhitya kI vizeSatAeM - sabhAvinoda - 220, lAla khyAla 224 / - - - - 1 - adhyAya 7 - anuvAda-grantha anuvAdakSetra meM kArya - 246, kalAnidhi : yuddhakANDa - - adhyAya 6 - gadya-grantha zrIdharAnaMda : sAhityasArasaMgraha gadya prayoga ke sthala - 226, kucha niSkarSa 228, kalAnidhi upaniSatsAra 226, hitopadeza - 226, goviMdAnaMdaghana - 230, citAmariNa - 231, vinayasiMha : bhASA bhUSaraNa TIkA 233, phitarata : pothI siMhAsana battIsI - 237, akalanAmA 236, vairAgasAgara - 241, hukmanAme, paravAneM Adi 242, inameM pAI jAne vAlI kucha vizeSa bAteM - 244 // - - 248, - 6O - - 226 - - - * 245 246 - 262 bhASA karNaparva -

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246, rasAnaMda : saMgrAmaratnAkara - 250, gItA ke anuvAda - 254, somanAtha : bhAgavata dazamaskaMdha - 255, kalAnidhi : upaniSatsAra - 256. rAmakavi : hitAmRta latikA - 257, deviyA khavAsa : hitopadeza anuvAda - 257, sujAnavilAsa - 260, anuvAdasaMbaMdhI kucha bAteM - 260 / adhyAya 8-upasaMhAra 263 - 272 khoja ke AdhAra para kucha niSkarSa - 263, matsya ke gauravapUrNa prasaMga - 263, navadhA bhakti - 264, balabhadra kI TIkA -264, bakhtavilAsa - 265, dhvani - prakaraNa - 265, lakSmaNa-urmilA-zRMgAra - 265, premaratanAkara - 265, vicitra rAmAyaNa - 265, rAdhAmaMgala - 266, vyAhulau - 266, tIna nATaka - 266, lAla-khyAla - 266, itihAsapradhAna vIra kAvya : anuvAda - 266, bhASA-bhUSaNa kI TIkA - 267, caraNadAsI sAhitya - 267, rAmagIta - 267, gadyasAhitya - 267, matsya kI vIra gAthAeM - 268, bhaktikAvya - 266, rItisAhitya - 270, matsya kA gadya-sAhitya - 271, lipi-saMbaMdhI bAteM - 272 / pariziSTa - 1 kavinAmAnukramaNikA 273 - 280 pariziSTa -2 granthanAmAnukramaNikA 281 - 286 pariziSTa -3 kucha anya kavi 287 - 263 pariziSTa - 4 sahAyaka graMthoM kI sUcI 294 - 266 ernational www.jainel

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rAjasthAna purAtana grantha-ma [ granthAGka 66 * bIkAnera / jaya jayapura * jodhapura * TaoNka . AbU / cittoDa *udayapura rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura shaakhaa-kaayaaly| x matsya-pradeza ke sthAna jahAM lekhaka ne hastalikhita pranthoM kA parIkSaNa kiyA1 tijArA, 2 kAmA, 3 Doga, 4 rAjagar3ha, 5 lachamanagar3ha, 6 sinAsinI, 7 kumhera, 8 bharatapura, bayAnA, 10 dhaulapura, 11 karaulI, 12 halenA aura 13 alavara /

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ernational www.jainel

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena [ san 1750-1600 I0 ] anusaMdheya kAla kI sAhityika pravRttiyoM kA pAlocanAtmaka evaM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa adhyAya 1 pRSThabhUmi matsya pradeza, cAra rAjyoM se mila kara banA hai - 1. alavara, 2. bharatapura, 3. dhaulapura tathA 4. karaulI / _svataMtratA-prApti ke pazcAt uparyukta cAroM rAjyoM ko milA kara eka saMyukta rAjya 'matsya' ke nAma se banA diyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai, ina cAroM rAjyoM kA saMyukta nAma 'matsya' zrI kanhaiyAlAla mANikyalAla muMzI ke mastiSka kI upaja hai| aba to matsya kA bhI vilInIkaraNa ho gayA aura ye cAroM riyAsateM rAjasthAna kA aMga bana cukI haiN| matsya-pradeza kA varNana prAcIna granthoM meM bhI AtA hai aura yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha janapada pahale bhI thaa| isakI sthiti ke viSaya meM vibhinna anumAna haiM, kintu kurukSetra evaM matsya ko pAMcAla tathA zUrasena deza ke aMtargata mAnanA cAhiye / manu ke kathanAnusAra uttara-pazcima bhArata meM kurukSetra vA thAnezvara kA nikaTavartI pradeza, pAMcAla yA kAnyakubja kA aMcala, zUrasena vA mathurA pradeza ina saba janapadoM ke samIpa hI matsya deza thA / ' mahAbhArata ke bhISma parva meM tIna matsya dezoM kA ullekha milatA hai - 1. pazcima meM sthita matsya deza, 2. pUrva meM cedi (buMdelakhaMDa) meM tathA 3. dakSiNa meM dakSiNa kosala ke nikaTa / kintu manu dvArA pratipAdita mata adhika mAnya hai jisameM Adi-matsya kA varNana ' matsya sarakAra dvArA banAI gaI aitihAsika kameTI kI riportt| apUrNa tathA aprakAzita khoja para likhe kucha pRSThoM ke AdhAra pr| (upalabdhi-sthAna-zrI harinArAyaNa kiMkara, alvr)|

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zradhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi kiyA gayA hai / isI Adi matsya deza meM pAMDavoM ne ajJAtavAsa kiyA thA / jayapura rAjya ke aMtargata 'bairATha " aura alavara rAjya ke aMtargata 'mAcAr3I' 2, do prAcIna gAMvoM ke nAma kramazaH 'virATa' tathA 'matsya' ke pratIka aba bhI vidyamAna haiM / matsya ke samIpa hI jisa kuzalA janapada kA ullekha hai vaha kuzalagar3ha bhI mAcAr3I se bairATha jAne ke rAste para hai / mahAbhArata kAlIna kurukSetra meM paTiyAlA se yamunA ke pUrva taka kA deza bhI isameM zAmila thA / alavara rAjya ke uttarI bhAga tijArA tahasIla Adi kurukSetra ke aMtargata the aura zUrasena ke aMtargata mathurA ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza, vraja, alavara kA pUrvI hissA, rAmagar3ha, govinda - gar3ha zrAdi, bharatapura, dhaulapura ke rAjya tathA karaulI kA bahuta aMza thA / yahI kurukSetra tathA thAnezvara kA prAnta matsya kahalAtA thA / kurukSetra se dakSiNa tathA zUrasena ke pazcima meM isakI sthiti thI / zrataeva ina cAra rAjyoM ko sammilita karane para 'matsya' nAma bahuta upayukta siddha huA / virATa deza ati prAcIna hai| isakA ullekha cInI tathA musalamAna itihAsakAroM ne bhI kiyA hai / " isa deza para musalamAnoM ke kAphI hamale hue aura dharmaparivartana ke lie pratyAcAra bhI hue / samrATa azoka ke samaya meM bairATha nagara ati samRddhazAlI thA / rAva bahAdura ciMtAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya ne ise zUrasena ke pazcima meM mAnA hai / zUrasena kI rAjadhAnI mathurA thI / vartamAna vidvAnoM ne yaha liyA hai ki rAjapUtAne kA bairATha hI prAdi- matsya yA virATa deza hai / virATa aura matsya grati prAcIna nAma haiM aura unakA sambandha isI sthAna se hai / matsya kA itihAsa ati prAcIna hai / hamane isakA abhiprAya Upara likhe cAra rAjyoM se liyA hai / 2 matsya- pradeza ke ye cAroM rAjya apanA-apanA alaga aitihAsika mahattva rakhate haiM / ye riyAsateM adhika prAcIna to nahIM, kintu jitane bhI samaya kA inakA itihAsa mila sakA vaha pratyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / bharatapura tathA dhaulapura jAToM kI riyAsateM thIM, aura alavara tathA karaulI rAjapUtoM kI / alavara se jayapura jAte samaya moTaroM ke rAste meM sImA para sthita / 2 mAcAr3I alavara rAjya meM hI hai aura yahIM se alavara ke rAjAoM kA vikAsa huaa| yaha gAMva Ajakala rAjagar3ha tahasIla meM par3atA hai / 1 3 mahAbhArata meM I 4 kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhAga 2, aMka 3 / 5 matsya sarakAra dvArA banAI gaI aitihAsika kameTI kI khoja / 6 hindI vizvakoSa /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 3 1. alavara-alavara kA itihAsa kAphI purAnA hai, kintu alavara ke vartamAna rAjAroM kI paramparA san 1775 se calI jaba pratApasiMhajI ne bharatapura ke jAToM se alavara kA durga chIna liyaa| alavara ke rAjA sUryavaMzI kachavAhe haiN| kucha logoM ne inake vaMza ko satayuga se milAne ko ceSTA kI hai|' alavara kA durga bahuta purAnA aura 'divya' jAti kA hai / 2 kisI samaya yahAM jAToM kA Adhipatya thA, kintu unake udAsIna hone para 1775 meM pratApasiMha ne kilA chIna liyaa| pratApasiMha mAcAr3I ke jAgoradAra rAva muhabbatasiMha ke putra the| ve jayapura tathA bharatapura donoM darabAroM meM raha cuke the| inhoMne rAjagar3ha se apanA gajya bar3hAnA prArambha kiyA, sabase pahalA kilA san 1770 meM rAjagar3ha meM hI bnvaayaa| rAva pratApasiMhajI ke koI putra na thA, ata: unhoMne thAnAgAjI se bakhtAvarasiMha ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA / bakhtAvarasiMha ko mahArAva rAjA kI upAdhi milii| ye 1815 I. meM gaddI para baiThe the| inake uttarAdhikArI banaisiMha athavA vinayasiMha kalA aura sAhitya ke premI the| inhoMne aneka imArateM bnvaaii| zivadAnasiMha inake putra the aura unhoMne apane pitA ke pazcAt 1874 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| maMgalasiMha pAMcaveM rAjA the aura inakA samaya san 1600 taka hai| inake pazcAt mahArAjA jayasiMha rAjA hue aura vartamAna mahArAjA tejasiMha inake bAda gaddI para birAje / alavara kI sAhityika cetanA bahuta jAgarUka rahI hai, isakA kAraNa yahAM ke rAjA groM kI sAhityika abhiruci hai| 2. bharatapura-bharatapura kA itihAsa bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa rahA hai / yahAM kI vIratA aura dRr3hatA kI prazaMsA agrejoM ne bhI mukta kaMTha se kI hai| 1 pinAkIlAla jozI 'alavara rAjya kA itihAsa' (aprakAzita) do bhaag| durga sAta prakAra ke hote haiM:- 1 giri durga, 2 vana durga, 3 jana durga, 4 ratha durga, 5 deva durga aura 6 paMka durga tathA 7 mizra durga / (mAnasAra, 10 adhyAya 60/61) deva durga yaha varSA prAtapa A~dhI pAnI se aprabhAvita hotA hai| isakI dIvAroM para gaNeza, gRha, zrI mandira, kArtikeya, sarasvatI, azvinau Adi utkIrNa kiye jAte haiN| (zilparatna) 2 isakA nirmANa aise sthAna para kiyA jAnA cAhie jo prakRti se hI surakSita ho / (ena iMsAIklopIDiyA aoNpha hindu pAkiTekcara, vaoNlyUma 7, pRSTha 226) / 3 aneka vidvAn 'matsya' kA apabhraMza mAnate haiM / vyutpatti saMdigdha avazya hai| 4 bharatapura meM mahArAja javAharasiMha tathA jayapura meM mahArAjA mAdhosiMha ke pAthita rahe the| 5 inakI nijI pustakazAlA meM adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna karane kA avasara milA tathA kaI amUlya, kintu aprakAzita pustakeM prApta huiiN|

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4 zradhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi bharatapura ke antargata bayAnA, kumhera aura DIga to bahuta purAne batAye jAte haiM, tathA sinasinI' ko kucha loga 'zaurasenI' se sambandhita karate haiN| rAjya kI sthApanA badanasiMhajI dvArA saMvat 1775 meM huI, jaba unhoMne DIga ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / inhIM ke dvArA kumhera kA zilAnyAsa huA / apane bar3e lar3ake sUrajamala ko DIga kA aura dUsare lar3ake pratApasiMha ko vaira kA zAsaka banAyA | badanasiMhajI ke ye donoM hI putra bar3e sAhityika praura vidyA- pArakhI the aura aneka kavi tathA vidvAnoM ko inake yahAM Azraya milA / badanasiMhajI ke uparAnta inake putra sUrajamala yA sujAnasiMha gaddI para baiThe / san 1732 meM sUrajamalajI dvArA bharatapura ko rAjya meM milAyA gayA / taba taka yahAM khemakaraNa sorgAriyA kA zrAdhipatya thA / bharatapura jItane ke bAda rAjya kA vikAsa hotA rahA / prasiddha sAhityika rAnI kizorI inakI hI patnI thI / " sUrajamalajI ne bahuta se yuddha kiye aura yuddhabhUmi meM hI vIra gati prApta kI / inake putra javAharasiMha 1820 se 1825 I. taka rAjA rhe| dillI kI car3hAI aura vahAM kI vijaya inhIM ke dvArA huI / javAharasiMhajI ke pazcAt mAdhausiMha aura phira durjanasiMha gaddI para baiThe, kintu zragale prasiddha rAjA raNajItasiMha hue, jo saMvat 1834 se 1862 taka rAjA rhe| inake putra raNadhIra siMha ne 1880 taka rAjya kiyA / inake pazcAt baladevasiMha rAjA huye, jo svayaM eka prasiddha kavi the| kevala tIna varSa rAjya karane ke bAda inake putra balavaMtasiMha saMvat 1852 se 1606 taka rAjA rhe| tadanaMtara prasiddha nIti- vizArada jasavaMtasiMha huye, jinhoMne pUre 40 varSa rAjya kiyA / hamArA kAla yahIM taka calatA hai / inake putra rAmasiMha, phira kRSNasiMha aura vartamAna mahArAjA brajendrasiMha isa vaMza meM rAjA huye / * 13 dhaulapura - yaha dUsarI jATa riyAsata hai / isakA kucha prAcIna itihAsa bho milatA hai / san 762 se 1664 taka yahAM tomara rAjapUta 1 sinasinI ke jATa hI bharatapura ke rAjA bane / ye sinasinavAra kahalAte haiM / 2 ThAkura dezarAja, 'jATa jAti kA itihAsa' / 4 3 paMDita gokulacandra dIkSita, 'brajendra vaMzabhAskara' / bharatapura ke itihAsa meM kaviyoM ke prasiddha zrAzrayadAtA / inake samaya meM maulika tathA anUdita sabhI prakAra kI kRtiyAM prastuta huiiN| aneka prasiddha grantha bhI lipibaddha karAye gaye / 5 vartamAna nareza kAvya-premI haiM, inakI pailesa lAibra erI meM kucha sundara sAhityika sAmagrI hai / 6 impIriyala gajeTIyara praoNva iNDiyA, jilda 11 /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena rAjya karate the / isa kile ko sikandara lodI ne jIta kara musalamAnI rAjya meM milAyA / khAnugrA kI lar3AI ke pazcAt yaha mugaloM ke hAtha AyA / bharatapura, alavara para car3hAI karane vAlA najaphakhAM san 1775 meM yahAM bhI pahu~cA thA / kucha samaya bAda dhaulapura marAThoM ke hAtha lagA / san 1806 meM dhaulapura, bAr3I, rAjAkher3A aura saramathurA ko milA kara mahArAja rAnA kIratasiMha ko de die ge| ye bamarolI ke rahane vAle jATa the aura kIratasiMha yahAM ke prathama mahArAja rAnA the / inhoMne 1806 I0 se 1836 taka rAjya kiyA / inake uparAnta bhagavaMtasiMha rAjA hue, jo aMgrejoM ke bahuta bhakta the / nihAlasiMha inake pautra the aura unakA zAsana 1873 se 1601 I. taka rhaa| hamArA Alocya kAla bhI yahIM taka calatA hai / inake pazcAt inake bar3e lar3ake rAmasiMha rAjA hue, taduparAnta udayabhAnasiMhajI mahArAja- rAnA hue| matsya ke prathama rAjyapramukha ye hI mahAnubhAva the / yaha spaSTa hai ki dhaulapura aura usakA kilA bahuta prAcIna haiM, kintu grAja kA dhaulapura san 1806 meM hI apanI sImA nirdhArita kara sakA / dhaulapura kI sAhityika cetanA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa nahIM rahI / 1 4. karaulI -- yahAM ke mahArAja jAdoM rAjapUta haiM / ye kRSNa ke yAdava vaMza se apanA sambandha sthApita karate haiM / kisI samaya inakA rAjya bahuta bar3A thA / 11vIM zatAbdI meM yahAM kA rAjA itihAsa prasiddha vijayapAla thA / arjunapAla ne yaha prAnta 1327 I0 meM prApta kiyA aura 1348 Adhunika rAjadhAnI karaulI kI sthApanA ko / isa para musalamAna tathA mugaloM ke adhikAra bhI rahe san 1817 meM karaulI ko marAThoM se le liyA gayA aura karaulI ke rAjAoMoM ko de diyA / san 1850 meM narasiMhapAla yahAM ke rAjA hue aura san 1854 meM madanapAlajI ko rAjya milA / san 1886 meM mahArAja bhaMvarapAla gaddI para baiThe aura inake uparAnta bhomapAlajI tathA gaNezapAlajI rAjA hue / / ina cAroM rAjyoM meM nIce likhI kucha bAteM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI haiM, jinase isa pradeza kI saMskRti evaM sAhitya nirantara prabhAvita hote rahe aura yahAM kI ekatA sthira rahI / 1. siMghiyA ke sAtha sulaha karate samaya jaba aMgrejoM dvArA use gohada diyA gayA thA / 2 'vijayapAla rAso' kI eka prAmANika pustaka yahAM upalabdha hai / 5

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adhyAya 1-pRSThabhUmi 1. yaha pradeza zUrasena, vraja, kA eka pramukha aMga hai, aura yahAM kI sAhityika bhASA vraja bhASA hI rhii| isa prAnta ke kisI bhI bhAga meM jo pustakeM anusaMdhAna meM milIM, ve vraja bhASA kI thiiN| eka do pustakoM ke gadya meM 'kAMIM' aura 'chai' Adi meM kucha rAjasthAnI prabhAva hai, kintu sampUrNa upalabdha sAhitya vraja bhASA kA hI hai| 2. anya rAjyoM kI bhAMti yahAM bhI kaviyoM ko rAjyAzraya milatA rahatA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, kucha rAjA to svayaM kavi hote the, kAvya-sambandhI carcA karate rahanA hI jinakA rucikara kArya thaa| svatantra tathA anUdita racanAe~ barAbara prastuta hotI rahatI thiiN| bharatapura ke balavantasiMha aura kucha aMza taka alavara ke vinayasiMha isa kArya meM bahuta Age bar3he hue the| 3. isa pradeza kA sAhitya vrajamaNDala se bahuta prabhAvita thaa| matsya kA kucha bhAga to braja ke antargata A hI jAtA hai, jaise-DIga, kaamaa| yahAM kA kAphI bhAga vraja ke sannikaTa hai, jahA~ kI sAhitya-pravRtti kA anugamana yahAM ke kaviyoM dvArA barAbara hotA rhaa| 4. matsya ke sAhitya meM sabhI prakAra kI pustakeM upalabdha huI haiM, jisase siddha hotA hai ki yahAM ke sAhityikoM ko pratibhA sarvatomukhI thI aura kucha na kucha kalAtmaka kArya barobara calatA rahatA thaa| anya kalAoM kI apekSA sAhitya-kalA meM acchA kArya huaa| vAstu-kalA ke bhI kucha sundara namUne Aja taka maujada haiN| Doga ke bhavana isakA uttama pramANa haiN|' inhIM rAjAroM dvArA kucha chatriyAM Adi bhI banavAI gaIM jo unake pUrvajoM ke smArakoM ke rUpa meM haiM / 2 govarddhana kI kuMjeM bhI kucha aisA ho prayAsa haiM / 5. isa pradeza ke sabhI rAjya vaiSNava mata ke anugayI rahe, ataeva sAhitya para isakA kAphI prabhAva pdd'aa| zivajI, hanumAnajI, gaNezajI, devIjI, gaMgAjI Adi kI upAsanA samAna rUpa se hotI rahI aura zivastuti, hanumAnanATaka, gaMgAbhUtalabAgamanakathA jaise granthoM kA nirmANa huaa| yaha eka sAmAnya-sI bAta hai, kyoMki vaiSNava aura zaivoM meM adhika bhedabhAva nahIM rahA hai| 6. san 1750 se 1600 I0 taka kA samaya rItikAla ke antargata pAtA hai, aura yahAM bhI rIti-sambandhI racanAe~ adhika milatI haiM, ataeva matsya pradeza 1 mugalakAlIna vAstu-kalA se prabhAvita 'gopAla bhavana' Adi kaI bhavana DIga meM haiN| 2 govarddhana meM aneka sundara smAraka bane hue haiN| bharatapura ke mahArAjAoM kI aMtyeSTi kriyA yahIM hotI rahI hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kA yaha sAhityika kAla rItikAla ke antargata mAnA jAnA caahie| isameM sandeha nahIM ki anya prakAra kA kAvya bhI pracura mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina vibhinna pravRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa aura spaSTokaraNa agale kucha adhyAyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| hindI sAhitya meM rItikAla ke antargata jo bhI pramukha pravRttiyAM upalabdha hoto haiM, ve sabhI matsya-pradeza meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM / vrajabhUmi ke nikaTa hone ke kAraNa yahAM kRSNa kI bhakti kA bahuta pracAra rahA / vaise, rAma aura lakSmaNa kI bhakti bhI rahI, aura bharatapura darabAra ke to iSTadeva hI lakSmaNajo haiM / prAyaH mandiroM meM rAma, kRSNa tathA zivajI kI pUjA hotI hai| hanumAnajI ke bhI mandira kAphI haiM, kintu apekSAkRta choTe, kyoMki ve rAma ke sevaka haiN| ataeva svAmI ke jaise vaizavapUrNa mandira tyAgI hanumAna kaise pasanda . karate ? isa pradeza ke pAsa hI kRSNa kI krIr3A-bhUmi hai, jo kabhI karaulI aura kabhI bharatapura ke Adhipatya meM raho / Aja bhI mathurA meM asakuNDA para bharatapura ko koThI vidyamAna hai| govarddhana, mathurA, dAUjI, gokula aAdi barAbara apanA prabhAva DAlate rahe haiN| govarddhana to bharatapura mahArAjA ke iSTa haiM aura sAta kosa kI parikramA lagAne kA utsAha Aja taka rAjaparivAra meM hai / 'giravara vilAsa'' nAmaka pustaka se mAlUma hotA hai ki kisa prakAra yahAM bharatapura ke rAjA ne aneka sthAnoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura yahAM kA prasiddha dIpa-dAna prArambha huaa|2 vraja ke ina sthAnoM se paNDe barAbara pAte-jAte rahe aura unakI kucha sAhityika kRtiyAM bhI anusaMdhAna meM miliiN| ina sthAnoM meM rAjAnoM kA AnA-jAnA bhI barAbara banA rahatA thA aura yahAM ke sAhitya tathA saMskRti matsya ko barAbara prabhAvita karate rahe / Aja bhI matsya-pradeza kA eka bar3A bhAga vraja se bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai, vahI bolI, vahI veSa-bhUSA aura ve hI rIti-rivAja / mathurA ke caube rAjyoM meM barAbara Ate-jAte rahate the aura inameM se kucha to darabAroM meM barAbara upasthita rahate the| vraja se nikaTa hone ke kAraNa yahAM kA vAtAvaraNa bhI bahuta kucha vrajabhASA ke anukUla bana gayA thaa| vraja prAMta meM vraja bhASA ke aneka gaurava-granthoM kA praNayana huaa| hindI ke prasiddha aSTachApa ke kavi isI prAnta meM the aura unakI vINAe~ yahIM ninAdita 1 bharatapura ke prasiddha kavi udayarAma kRta / 2 isa viSaya para prakAzita lekhaka kA eka svatantra lekha dekheM-jIvana sAhitya, varSa 1, aMka 3 / 3 jaise-pada maMgalAcaraNa basaMtahorI, tilocana lIlA / / udAharaNa ke lie bharatapura nareza balavantasiMha ke darabAra meM jIvArAma caube /

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adhyAya 1--pRSThabhUmi huii| gadya aura padya donoM prakAra kA sAhitya nirmita huA / hindI kAvyAkAza ke sUrya, sUra aura bhramaragIta ko mAdhurya-paripUrita karane vAle nandadAsa isI prAnta kI upaja the| nandadAsa ke bhramaragIta kA bahuta pracalana thA aura usakA prabhAva matsya ke aneka granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| prasiddha kavi kezavadAsa ke pUrvaja bhI bharatapura rAjyAMtargata kuhera ke nivAsI the| kucha samaya pUrva yahAM ke sAhitya kA uddhAra tathA vraja bhASA kI pragati ko bar3hAne ke hetu 'braja-sAhitya-maNDala' kI sthApanA huI hai aura usakA aba taka kA kArya kAphI prazaMsanIya hai| AgarA aura mathurA matsya prAnta ke samIpavartI nagara haiN| prAgare meM to mugaloM kA bahuta kucha prabhAva thA aura yahAM ke kucha kavi, sambhavata: rAjyAzrita bhI the|' ina kaviyoM kA pAsa ke rAjyoM meM daurA hotA rahatA thA, tathA unake granthoM kA lipibaddha karane kA kAma bhI calatA thaa| kucha kavi rAjyoM ke rAjakavi bana jAte the aura apane prAzrayadAtA ke nAma para racanA bhI kara dete the| kucha rAjAoM kI to zikSA ke sambandha meM bhI sandeha hai, aura isI kAraNa unake dvArA rIti-granthoM para kI gaI atyanta vidvattApUrNa TIkAtroM ko dekha kara Azcarya hotA hai| aAgarA prasiddha bAdazAho nagara hai aura kucha samaya to yaha aura isake AsapAsa kA pradeza bharatapura ke adhIna rahA thaa| ataeva yahAM kI sAhityika cetanA kA matsya-pradeza para prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika hI hai| mathurA ke sAhitya aura saMskRti tathA kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA bhI matsya sAhitya para bahuta prabhAva pdd'aa| hindI sAhitya meM san 1600 I. taka kA kAla rotikAla tathA gadyakAla donoM se sambandhita hai| 16vIM zatAbdI ke pichale pacAsa varSa to Adhunika gadya ke kahe jA sakate haiN| parantu matsya prAnta meM pAye gaye granthoM kA anusaMdhAna karane para vidita hotA hai ki matsya-pradeza meM 1600 I0 taka kA sampUrNa kAla rItikAla ke antargata hI mAnanA caahie| yahAM to vahI bhASA, vahI sAhityika pravRtti, vahI darabArI raMga-DhaMga aura usI prakAra ke sAhityika grantha upalabdha hote haiM, jaise roti kAla ke antargata / jisa samaya aMgrejoM dvArA khar3I bolI gadya ke hetu prayAsa kiyA jA rahA thA aura khar3I bolI gadya kA eka svarUpa banane laga gayA thA, usa samaya-matsya pradeza meM vahI rItikAlIna paddhati cala rahI thii| ho sakatA hai, isakA eka kAraNa yahAM kI zikSA kI kamI rahI ho, kyoMki pichale 1 mahAkavi rAya, sundara prAdi / 2 mahArAjA vinayasiMhajI ke nAma para 'bhASAbhUSaNa' kI ttiikaa|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena bahuta varSoM taka yahAM kA zikSA-pratizata bahuta kama thaa| rAja ke kaviyoM meM bhI adhikatara uttarapradeza- mathurA, aAgarA prAnta se prAte the / isa samaya ke sarvAdhika prasiddha kavi somanAtha mathurA ke rahane vAle mathuriyA caube athavA mAthura caturvedI the| iTAvA, AgarA, grAdi nagaroM se barAbara kavi Ate rahate the jo rItikAlIna granthoM kI paramparA ko nibhAne kA prayatna karate the| ataeva hama yahAM ke sAhitya ko rItikAla meM hI le sakate haiN| vaise yahAM, bhakti kI avirala dhArA bahI, aura rAma tathA kRSNa kI bhakti kA pUrNa pracAra hone se donoM zAkhAoM kA kAvya upalabdha hotA hai / khoja meM hameM eka prema-gAthAkAra bhI milA aura nirgagaNa kA pratipAdana karane vAle kucha saMta bhii| kintu inakA nirguNa saguNa se prabhAvita hai, aura sataguru, anahada, mAyA Adi ko bAteM kahate hue ye kRSNa ko bhagavAn mAna kara unakI lIlAoM kA bhI varNana karate haiN| yahAM kI sAhityika paramparA kA paricaya pAne ke lie hindI ke rItikAla ko dekhanA caahie| isake atirikta matsya ke kAvya meM vora-rasa kA darzana bhI aneka pustakoM meM hotA hai / isa prAnta meM kaI 'rAso' yA 'rAsA' pAye gaye aura sUdana kA 'sujAna caritra' to vIra-rasa kA khyAtiprApta grantha hai| kRSNa kI lolAnoM se anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti isa pradeza meM bhI aneka pustakoM ke praNayana kI preraNA huii| sAtha hI kucha 'maMgala' bhI likhe gaye, jaise-pArvato maMgala, jAnako maMgala, aura usI AdhAra para likhA gayA rAdhAmaMgala / rukmiNI maMgala to pahale bhI likhe gaye the kintu 'rAdhAmaMgala' isa prAnta kI vizeSatA hai / rAjAoM evaM rAjakumAroM ke hetu mAmAnya jJAna ke lie samaya-samaya para likhe kucha graMtha bhI milate haiM / aise 'akalanAme' bharatapura aura alavara donoM sthAnoM meM mile / hitopadeza, pAIne-akabarI Adi ke anuvAdoM dvArA rAjAoM ko rAjanIti se bhI paricita karAyA jAtA thA ! hitopadeza kA pracalana bahuta rahA, aura yahAM ke rAjakumAroM ke lie aneka viSNu zarmA' hue jinake gadya-padyamaya upadeza yatheSTa pracalita hue| bhASA ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki alavara ko chor3a kara zeSa prAnta kI bhASA sAmAnya rUpa se braja hI hai| bharatapura aura karaulI to brajabhASA ke ' deva ke pautra bhogIlAla alavara rAjya ke Azrita the| 2 aAgarA tAjagaMja ke nivAsI devIdAsa karaulI rAjyAzrita the| 3 gosAI rAmanArAyaNa kRt| anya 'maMgaloM ke sAtha rAdhAmaMgala kI eka ha.li. prati DIga ke eka vayovRddha pujArIjI ke pAsa pAI gaI /

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10 zradhyAya 1 pRSThabhUmi gar3ha hI rahe haiM / ina sthAnoM meM yahI bhASA sAhitya tathA bolacAla donoM ke kAma AtI thii| sAhitya ke itihAsa meM yaha eka sundara udAharaNa hai ki bolacAla tathA pustakoM meM eka hI bhASA kA upayoga eka hI samaya meM kiyA jAya / sAhityika kArya ke lie sarvatra brajabhASA kA hI prayoga huyA / vinaya siMhajI dvArA likhI gaI bhASA bhUSaNa kI TIkA bahuta sundara brajabhASA gadya meM hai / bhASA kI aisI sundara chaTA bahuta kama dekhane meM AtI hai / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki isa prAnta ke granthoM ko dekhane para spaSTa rUpa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yahAM kI sAhityika bhASA nirantara brajabhASA ho rahI / rAjanaitika dRSTi se matsya rAjasthAna kA aMza hai kintu isake sAhitya para rAjasthAnI kA koI bhI prabhAva nahIM hai / matsya kA adhika bhAga mathurA aura AgarA se adhika milatA-julatA hai, rAjasthAna ke anya bhAgoM se nahIM / matsya aura rAjasthAna ke anya prAntoM meM yaha vibhinnatA spaSTa rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| jahAM taka rAjasthAnI kA sambandha hai, mere dvArA kiye gaye anusaMdhAna meM koI bhI grantha rAjasthAnI ke upalabdha nahIM ho ske| itanA hI nahIM, jo bhI grantha prApta hue, una para rAjasthAnI kA koI prabhAva bhI lakSita nahIM hotA / isakA kAraNa na kevala brajabhASA prAnta se nikaTatA hai, pratyuta kaviyoM kA pradhAnataH braja bhASA-bhASI honA hai / kaviyoM meM rAjasthAna-nivAsI kavi na ke barAbara the / prAyaH sabhI kavi brajamaNDala se Aye, phira inake dvArA rAjasthAnI kA prayoga kaise saMbhava hotA / eka bAta aura bhI hai. saMbhavataH usa samaya brajabhASA ke atirikta anya kisI bhASA meM kI gaI racanA pasanda bhI nahIM kI jAtI / kAvya meM brajabhASA ke lie eka viziSTa sthAna hai aura isI kA mAna-saMbardhana sabhI ko grabhISTa thA / kucha vIrakAvyoM meM rAjasthAnI kA AbhAsa kevala mUrddhanya vargoM ke saMyuktAkSaroMsahita prayogoM taka sImita hai / zabdoM meM TaMkAra, jhanajhanAhaTa, ugratA Adi se hI kucha loga rAjasthAnI meM khIMcane kA prayatna karate haiM / unake kArakoM, kriyAoM tathA sarvanAmoM kA rUpa dekhane para isa bAta meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki ve grantha brajabhASA ke hI haiM / zrataeva matsya prAnta ke isa kAla meM sAhitya kI bhASA brajabhASA hI rahI, anya kisI bhASA kA koI bhI prabhAva dikhAI nahIM par3atA matsya prAnta ke sAhitya aura saMskRti para tIna prabhAva spaSTa rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiN| 1. hindutva kA prabhAva, jisase janasAdhAraNa kA jIvana aura rAjagharAnoM kI paramparA adhikAMza rUpa meM prabhAvita hai / yahAM ke mandira, tyauhAra aura

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena utsava, upAsanA ko praNAlI Adi isI prabhAva ke antargata haiN| sAhitya meM bhI pradhAna rUpa se hindU dharma kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| mAnanA par3egA ki yahAM kA sampUrNa bhakti-kAvya isI vicAradhArA ke antargata hai / musalamAnoM kA prabhAva darabArI prathA ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| jisa prakAra mugala samrATa apane musAhiboM ke sAtha darabAra kiyA karate the, usI prakAra, vahI darabAra, vahI veza-bhUSA tathA rasUmAta kA anukaraNa sabhI rAjagharAnoM meM kiyA gyaa| sAhityika kRtiyoM meM bhI isa prabhAva ke darzana hote haiM, jaisemugala samrAToM ke anusAra kie gae darabAroM ke varNana --lAla, bAja baTera Adi ke yuddhoM kA varNana (dekheM 'lAla khyAla') / zikAroM ke bhI vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| kalA para mugala-prabhAva bahuta kucha dikhAI detA hai| rAjasthAna ke bahuta-se rAjAoM ne mugaloM kI prAdhInatA svIkAra ko aura mugala darabAroM kA vAtAvaraNa lagabhaga sabhI riyAsatoM meM pA gyaa| rAjAoM ke mahala, daravAra hAla, rAjAoM ke citra Adi dekha kara mugalakAlIna sabhyatA ke prabhAva ko mAnanA par3atA hai| sAhitya meM bhI mugaloM aura musalamAnoM ke samparka se bahuta kucha hunA aura matsya-prAnta kA sAhitya bhI usake prabhAva se achUtA nahIM bcaa| na kevala musalamAna kalAkAroM ne sAhitya-sRjana meM hI bhAga liyA, jaise-phitarata,' gulAmamohammada, alI bakhza, varan sAhitya kI abhivyakti para bhI isakA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / niguNa-kAvya para musalamAnI prabhAva bahuta kucha par3A, aura sAtha hI zRGgAra ko kavitA meM vilAsa kI abhiruci mugala darabAroM se hI grahaNa kI gii| usa samaya ke kaviyoM kI veza-bhUSA bhI mugala rAjya ke darabAriyoM jaisI hotI thii| isake atirikta phArasI aura arabI ke aneka zabda kAvya meM prayukta hue| prasiddha najaphakhAM kI lar3AiyoM ke vRttAntoM meM musalamAnoM kI vArtA khar3I bolI, urdU hI pratIta hotI hai| aneka riyAsatoM kA rAjakAja phArasI-urdU meM hotA thaa| ataeva koI kAraNa nahIM ki sAhitya bhI isase prabhAvita na hotaa| kintu eka bAta avazya hai ki kaviyoM ne isa ahindU prabhAva ko pUrNataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura na 1 gadyakAra-siMhAsana battIsI ke rcyitaa| 2 prema-gAthAkAra-'prema rasAla' ke lekhaka / 3 kRSNalIlAkAra-maMDAvara ke jAgIradAra / 4 sUdana-sujAnacaritra /

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adhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi apane svatantra astitva ko hI isake arpita kiyaa| unakI antarAtmA isa prabhAva ke viruddha jihAda kI AvAja bulanda karatI rahI. aura usa sabhyatA ko hindU sabhyatA meM vilIna karane kA prayAsa karatI rhii| 3. aMgrejoM kA prabhAva itanA spaSTa dikhAI nahIM detaa| vaise dhIre-dhIre sabhI hindU rAjAoM ne unakI AdhInatA svIkAra kI, kintu matsya rAjyoM meM yaha prabhAva bahuta halkA dikhAI detA hai / isa sambandha meM bharatapura kI gAthA to bahuta gauravapUrNa hai| aneka bAra AkramaNa karane para bhI aMgrejoM ko bharatapura kA durga vijaya karane meM saphalatA nahIM milI aura laoNrDa leka ko hara bAra muMha kI khAnI pdd'ii| anta meM dhokhe se bharatapura kA kilA kAbU meM kiyA gyaa| Aja taka bhI yaha kilA lohAgar3ha' nAma se prakhyAta hai| kavivara viyogI hari ne apanI 'vIra satasaI' meM jAToM kI isa vIratA kA bakhAna karate hue likhA hai ---- 'vahI bharatapura durga hai, ajaya dIrgha bhayakAri / jahaM jaTTana ke chokare, die subhaTTa pachAri / / ' phira bhI dhIre-dhIre isa naI videzI sabhyatA kA prabhAva par3atA rahA / kaI eka sAhityakAra to aMgrejoM kI AjJA mAna kara aisA sAhitya prastuta kara gaye jo kisI bhI rAjya ke lie lajjA kI bAta ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra kA alavara rAjya kA eka hastalikhita itihAsa mahArAja alavara kI pustaka-zAlA meM mujhe milA / ' rAjanIti ke kucha aMgoM meM aMgrejoM kI chApa pAI jAtI hai / yaha mAnanA par3egA ki sAhitya meM isa videzI zakti kA prabhAva lar3AiyoM ke kucha varNanoM ko chor3a kara adhika nahIM pdd'aa| sAhitya para aMgrejI prabhAva na par3ane ke do kAraNa to spaSTa hI haiM(a) sAhityakAra aMgrejI bhASA tathA sAhitya se paricita nahIM the| (A) rAjyoM meM aMgrejoM kA AnA-jAnA bahuta kama rhaa| matsya ke rAjya isa mAmale meM kAphI sajaga rahe, aura unhoMne apanI mAna-pratiSThA kA dhyAna rkhaa| parantu vaise tInoM sabhyatAoM kA sammizraNa huA aura sabhyatA kA eka navIna hI rUpa bana gayA jo briTiza bhArata meM adhika vyApta thA aura rAjasthAna meM itanA adhika nahIM / rAjasthAna kI sAhitya aura saMskRti kI paramparA musalamAnI prabhAva 1 zivabakhzadAna kRta-do jildoM meN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 13 se avazya hI na baca sakI aura matsya- pradeza meM bhI yaha prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai / isa pradeza ke ye cAra rAjya, jATa aura rAjapUtoM ke haiM- bharatapura meM sinasinavAra jATa, dhaulapura meM bamarAvaliyA jATa, alavara meM sUryavaMzI kachavAhe tathA karaulI meM yAdavavaMzI rAjapUta / matsya - pradeza kA jo tathA kaI anya purANoM meM milatA hai usake AdhAra para ina eka vicitra zrRMkhalA milatI hai / ' varNana mahAbhArata rAjya - parivAroM meM rAjA uparicara bhArata ke prasiddha samrATa hue haiM / inakI rAjadhAnI caMderI thI / inake pAMca putroM meM bar3e bRhadratha magadha deza ke rAjA hue / kuzAmba kauzAmbI ke rAjA hue aura matsila 'matsya' DhuMDhAra deza ke adhipati hue / pratyagraha aura kuru do anya putra the / jaba rAjA matsila DhuMDhAra deza ke rAjA hokara prAye to unhoMne apane nAma se isa DhuMDhAra deza ko 'matsya deza' ke nAma se prasiddha kiyA aura matsyapurI nAma kA nagara basAyA / yaha nagara Aja bhI rAjagar3ha tahasIla, jilA alavara meM mAcAr3I nAma se sthita hai / yahI sthAna alavara ke rAjAoM kI purAnI baiThaka hai| Aja bhI vaha sthAna dekhA jA sakatA hai rAjA matsila ke samaya meM isa nagara meM baudheya, pauNDrava, bacchala Adi jAtiyAM basatI thIM / prAcIna taMtra granthoM meM Ajakala ke jayapura - alavara rAjyoM ko matsya deza ke hI aMtargata mAnA gayA hai / rAjA matsila ne yamunA aura satalaja ke madhyavartI prAnta para bhI apanA adhikAra kara liyA aura satalaja ke taTa para 'matsyavATa' nAmaka nagara basAyA, jise aba 'mAcchIbAr3A' kahate haiM / kucha loga vartamAna 'maslIpaTTana' kA sambandha 'matsyapattanam' se sthApita karate haiM / isa prAnta meM jo sthAna pAye jAte haiM, jaise pANDupola, unase svataH siddha hai ki virATa rAjA kA rAjya yahIM kahIM thA aura pAMDavoM kA ajJAtavAsa matsya meM hI huA / isa pradeza ke rAjyoM meM eka aura ghaniSTha sambandha bhI upalabdha huA hai / * rAjA dharmapAla yAdava kI terahavIM pIr3hI meM rAjA tahanapAla hue the / rAjA 1 matsya - itihAsa dvArA prastuta 'matsya kA itihAsa' nAmaka aprakAzita pustaka ke AdhAra para / ma bhAgavata meM inheM cedi deza kA hI rAjA batAyA gayA hai / 3 mahAbhArata zrAdi parva, adhyAya 64, zloka 451 se pAyA jAtA hai ki ina bhAiyoM ne apane-apane nAma para bhinna-bhinna nagara basAye / janarala kaniMghama : bayAnA rAjavaMza kI khoja / 5 khIciyoM ke jAgA mUkajI kI bahI ke AdhAra para /

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14 adhyAya 1 -- pRSThabhUmi tahanapAla ke pandraha putroM meM se jyeSTha madanapAla ke vaMzajoM kA rAjya dhaulapura meM, unameM se choTe dharmapAla kA rAjya karaulI meM aura tIsare bhuvanapAla ke vaMzajoM kA rAjya bharatapura meM batAyA gayA hai| yAdavavaMza yA yaduvaMza se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / jATa loga apane ko yaduvaMzI kahate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki jAToM meM vivAha karane ke kAraNa ye loga jATa khlaaye| karaulI ke rAjA to aba taka yAdava rAjapUta haiM / ataeva ina tInoM rAjyoM meM eka hI vaMza kI tIna zAkhAe~ pratiSThita haiN|' prastuta bhaugolika sthiti ke anusAra, jo citra ke AdhAra para san 1750 I0 se abhI taka usI rUpa meM hai, hama apane pradeza ko brajamaMDala aura mevAta, do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM / sAhitya kI dRSTi se mevAta kucha vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtaa| isakA kAraNa yahAM ke nivAsiyoM kA dharma-parivartana ho sakatA hai / ___ Upara diye vivaraNa ke anusAra matsya-prAnta meM jATa aura rAjapUtoM kA honA to Avazyaka hai hI-ye hI rAja-parivAra haiM / sinasinI aura bamaraulI khyAtiprApta sthAna haiM aura ina sthAnoM kA itihAsa bhI gauravamaya hai| inake atirikta ina rAjyoM meM, vizeSataH alavara aura bharatapura meM, mevoM kI saMkhyA kAphI rhii| meva ve loga haiM jo muslima kAla meM hindU se musalamAna banAye gye| inake rIti-rivAz2a hinduoM se bahuta milate-julate haiN| vivAha ke samaya jahA~ maulavI nikAha par3hAtA hai vahA~ paMDita phere bhI DalavAte haiM / bharatapura rAjya meM eka paMDita 'kAjIjI' kahalAte the kyoMki unheM musalamAnoM ke vivAha ko dakSiNA milatI thii| mevoM ke nAma bhI hinduoM kI taraha se hI hote haiN| striyoM meM 'candravadanI', puruSoM meM 'sUraja', 'nArAna' isa prakAra ke nAma 'aba bhI milate haiN| kAlAMtara meM inheM 'sUraja khAM' aura nArAna khAM' meM badala diyA gyaa| kintu Aja taka mevoM kI bahuta-sI bAteM hinduoM se milatI-julatI haiN| bhArata kA vibhAjana hone se pUrva muslima lIga kA jo pracAra huyA usake kAraNa mevoM kI bhAvanA parivartita ho gaI, unameM kaTTaratA A gaI aura hinduoM ko ve apanA zatru samajhane lge| hameM vaha samaya yAda hai jaba meva tathA musalamAnoM ke sammilita lambe-lambe jalUsa nikalate the, jinameM pAkistAna kI mAMga kI jAtI thii| eka 1 janarala kaniMghama-bayAnA rAjavaMza kI khoja / 2 kahA jAtA hai, meva mevAr3a ke Adi nivAsI the| jaba mINe, bhIla, gUjara logoM ko mevAr3a se nikAlA to ve Amera ke pahAr3oM meM Aye aura dhIre-dhIre phailate gye| mahamUda gajanavI ke samaya meM ye musalamAna hae aura meva khlaaye| 3 isa prathA ke antima kAjI sva. paM0 lakSmInArAyaNa zAstrI the|

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15 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba 'mevistAna' kA khvAba bhI dekhA jAne lgaa| san 1647 meM svataMtratA prApti ke avasara para bharatapura aura alavara meM mevAta mevoM se khAlI ho gayA thaa| aba punaH meva apane gAMvoM meM lauTa Aye haiN| inake pazcAt isa prAnta ke nivAsI brAhmaNa, vaizya Adi haiN| rAjya ke sAhityakAroM meM brAhmaNoM kA prAdhAnya rahA, isake kaI kAraNa haiM1. kaviyoM ke prati pUjya bhAva kA nirvAha brAhmaNa zarIra ke prati acchA hotA hai| 2. paThana-pAThana kA kArya brAhmaNa parivAroM meM hI hotA thA, unhIM ke yahA~ pustakeM rahatI thIM aura unhIM meM, unase milane vAlI prernnaa| 3. pahale kA bahuta kucha sAhitya saMskRta bhASA meM thA aura brAhmaNa hI isa deva-vANI ke adhikArI samajhe jAte the| ataH sAhitya ke kSetra meM ve hI Age rhe| 4. prAyaH bhArata ke sabhI bhAgoM meM brAhmaNa hI rAjakavi hote rahe / matsya meM bhI isI pravRtti kA anukaraNa kiyA gyaa| sAhitya ke kSetra meM kucha vaizya aura kAyastha bhI avatarita hue| isa anusaMdhAna meM thor3e hI graMtha aise mile jinake racayitA nizcita rUpa se brAhmaNetara haiM, jaise-baldeva khaNDelavAla, govinda nATAnI, ajudhyAprasAda kAyastha, caturbhuja nigama aura rasAnanda jATa / kAvya-pratibhA rAjagharAnoM meM bhI milatI hai, jaise bharatapura ke baldevasiMha aura alavara ke bkhtaavrsiNh| isa prAnta kA bahuta-sA bhAga harijanoM se basA huA hai, jinameM jATavoM (camAroM) kI saMkhyA adhika hai| ye loga apane kArya ke atirikta khetI-bArI bhI karate haiN| ina rAjyoM meM musalamAna bhI kAphI the| meva to saba musalamAna hI the aura inameM lAladAsa jaise dharma-pravartaka aura sAhityakAra hue / lAladAsajI' kA saMpradAya lAladAsI kahalAtA hai, ye loga lAladAsa ko hI mAnate haiM / inakA upadeza nirguNa saMtoM kA sA hai / rAma-nAma-japa evaM kIrtana ko pradhAnatA dete haiM / namratA, pavitratA Adi kA bhI dhyAna rakhate haiM / hindU 1 lAladAsajI dholI dUba, alavara, meM saMvat 1567 meM utpanna hue| alavara se 16 mIla dUra bAMbolI meM adhika rahate the| inakI bANI kA saMgraha 'lAla dAsakI cetAvaNI' ke nAma se sva. harinArAyaNajI purohita dvArA huA hai| inakA 'makhadUma sAhaba' lAladAsiyoM ke lie vedasadRza hai / bharatapura ke 'nagalA' gAMva meM inakI mRtyu huI / lAladAsI sAhitya para idhara aura bhI kArya huA hai|

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adhyAya 1- pRSThabhUmi aura musalamAna donoM ko milAne kI ceSTA inake dvArA bhI huI / inakA kahanA thA hindU turaka ko eka hIsAba / rAha banAI donoM ajAyaba / / hindU turaka eka so bujhe / sAhaba saba ghaTa ekahI sujhe / alIbakhza' jaise ucca gharAne ke musalamAna bhI sAhitya-sRjana meM bhAga lete the| kucha aise parivAra rahe haiM jinako jIvikA hI sAhityika racanA aura darabAroM meM kavitta-gAyana para calatI thii| rAjasthAna ke cAraNa aura bhATa vikhyAta haiM / kAvya-kalA inakA pezA thA-rAjAroM kI prazaMsA, unakA guNagAna, unake pUrvapuruSoM kI gauravagAthA ko darabAroM meM sunAnA / alavara meM bArahaTa' aura bhaTTa' loga isa kArya meM bahuta Age rahe haiM / bharatapura meM caube isa ora sajaga the| sAtha hI kucha bhATa aura caubadAra isa ora dhyAna rakhate the| ina logoM kA rAjya se saMparka rahatA thA aura unheM kucha mAsika milatA rahatA thaa| rAjakavi rakhane kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai, kintu matsya-prAnta ke rAjakaviyoM kA kramabaddha pRthak vRttAnta upalabdha nahIM hotA, hA~, kaviyoM kA bahuta bar3A pratizata rAjyAzrita thaa| kucha logoM ko to aba taka thor3I-bahuta 'paravariza' milatI rahI, kintu aba yaha prathA dhIre-dhIre lupta hone lagI hai| isa prAnta ke itiha sa para dRSTi DAlane se pratIta hotA hai ki alavara aura bharatapura ke rAjya to bar3I vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM nirmita hue| ina rAjyoM ko sthApita karane kA zreya vyaktigata vIratA ko hai / bharatapura kA rAjya mahArAja badanasiMhajI ne 1732 ke lagabhaga sthApita kiyaa| yaha samaya ghora mAra-kATa kA thA aura rAjya kI sthApanA idhara-udhara se chIna-jhapaTa kara kI gaI thii| inake pitA cUrAmana to eka prakAra se vyavasthita DAkU hI kahe gae haiM, kintu sAtha hI eka vIra lar3AkA bhii| badanasiMhajI ke pazcAt sUrajamala ko to lar3AiyoM meM apanI jAna hI de denI pdd'ii| javAharasiMha kI vIratA kA guNagAna Aja bhI sarvatra hotA hai| isI prakAra alavara ke pratApasiMhajI ne bhI apanA 1 yaha 'rAva' kahalAte the aura inheM maMDAvara kI jAgIra milI huI thii| alavara nareza ne lekhaka ko inakA paricaya 'priMsa alIbakhza prA~va maMDAvara' kaha kara diyA thaa| 2 jaise shivbkhsh| 3 jaise muralIdhara bhtttt| 4 somanAtha, vaidyanAtha caube the| Aja taka inakA parivAra bharatapura meM dAnAdhyakSa kahalAtA hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 17 rAjya idhara udhara se chIna-jhapaTa kara sthApita kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai aSTAdasa battIsa meM, arisira Dhola bajAya / mahArAja paratApasiMha, gar3ha jIte saba dhAya / / 1 dhaulapura aura karaulI kI gAthA itanI vikaTa nahIM hai / inake vartamAna svarUpa ko banAne meM aMgrejoM kA hAtha rahA / karaulI ko 1817 I0 meM marAThoM se lekara karaulI ke rAjAoM ko de diyA, aura isI prakAra san 1806 meM dhaulapura kA rAjya mahArAja kIratasiMha ko diyA gyaa| isa prakAra matsya ke rAjyoM kA aAdhunika nirmANa san 1750 se 1820 ke aMtargata huA aura isa kAla kI sAhityika cetanA bhI usI pravRtti ke anurUpa raho / san 1820 se 1600 taka kA samaya apekSAkRta zAnti kA thA aura isameM aneka prakAra ke kAvya-sAhitya kI racanA huii| sAhitya-sRjana kI dRSTi se yaha prAnta bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| anusaMdhAna meM milI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para tathA purAne jAnakAra vyaktiyoM se vArtAlApa karane ke uparAnta merI yaha dhAraNA hai ki yahAM kA sAhityika vAtAvaraNa bahuta ho jAgarUka rahA / yadyapi yahAM ke rAjAoM ko niraMtara yuddha karane par3ate the, kintu kavi loga bhI apanA kAma barAvara karate rahate the| sUrajamala aura javAharasiMha ke samaya meM bhI, jaba ina rAjAoM ko itihAsa-prasiddha yuddhoM meM bhAga lenA par3A, kAvya-racanA yatheSTa mAtrA meM huii| kucha rAjA to svabhAva se vidyAvyasanI the aura unakI zakti tathA dhana kA sadupayoga sAhitya kI abhivRddhi meM hotA thA / udAharaNa ke lie bharatapura ke eka rAjA balavantasiMhajI ko ho lIjie / 2 inake samaya meM sAhitya ke vividha aMgoM ko pUrti huii| aneka pustakoM ke anuvAda hue| bahuta-sI pustakeM lipivaddha kI gii| kama se kama 25-30 sAhityakAroM ke nAma prApta hote haiM - 1 mahArAja balavaMtasiMha svayaM. 2 zrIdharAnanda rItikAra. 3 baladeva, khaNDelavAla vaizya-vicitra-rAmAyaNa ke racayitA. 4 gaNeza-vivAha vinodakAra. 5 rAmakavi-rIti ke sampUrNa viSayoM ke lekhaka. 6 lakSmInArAyaNa-gaMgAlaharI. 7 jugala kavi-rasakarulola. 8 vaidyanAtha-vikrama-paMcadaNDa-kathA. 9 rUparAma-jyotipa 1 bahuta samaya taka alavara kA rAja-saMketa- 'gar3ha jIte saba dhAya' hI rhaa| kucha hI varSoM . pUrva mahArAja jayasiMhajI ne ise 'prAtmAnaM satataM viddhi' meM parivartita kiyaa| 3 inakA samaya san 1826 se 1853 taka hai| 3 sva0 paMDita mayAzaMkara yAjJika kI khoja meM bhI isa samaya ke bahuta-se kaviyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN|

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18 adhyAya 1- pRSThabhUmi granthoM ke lekhaka. 10 rasAnanda -- prasiddha kavi, aneka granthoM ke kartA. 11 deviyA khavAsa - rasAnanda ke sevaka, rAjanItikAra 12 baTunAtha - rAsapaMcAdhyAyI. 13 rAmakRSNa - dAnalIlA. 14 bholAnAtha kAyastha - zaMkarazaraNaH ( zivapurANa kA bhASAnuvAda.) 15 lalitAprasAda - rAmazaraNa grantha 16 sevArAma - nala-damayantI caritra 17 gopAlasiMha - saMgrahakartA. 18 motIrAma-nAyikAbheda para pustaka. 16 maNideva - mahAbhArata ke kucha parvo ke anuvAdakartA. 20 brajesa - sphuTa kAvya. 21 brajacanda - zrRMgAra tilaka. 22 brajadUlaha - pada racayitA 23 paMgukavi - kRSNagAyana. 24 devIdAsa - sudhAsAgara 25 jIvArAma - prasiddha lipi26 caturbhuja mizra - gralaMkAra- zrAbhA. 27 gopAlasiMha Dyor3hIvAnasphuTapada. 28 'lAla pyAla' ke racayitA / kAra. kalA ke anya aMgoM kI dRSTi se hama koI aura vizeSa bAteM nahIM pAte / kucha bhavanoM ke nirmANa kI bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| darabAroM meM citrakAra aura saMgItajJa kucha to avazya the hI, kintu unako khyAti itanI nahIM huI ki unakA kucha vivaraNa diyA jA sake / alavara tathA bharatapura ke myUjiyamoM meM jo citra-saMgraha milate haiM unase isa dizA meM kucha prakAza par3atA hai, parantu kaha nahIM sakate ki yaha kevala saMgraha - kArya hai athavA rAjadarabAroM meM kiyA gayA yahIM ke citrakAroM kA kRtikalApa / yadi rAjadarabAroM meM bhI kArya huA hogA to unakI saMkhyA bahuta kama rahI hogI / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ina saMgrahAlayoM meM adhika kArya saMgraha kA hI hai| hAthIdAMta para nakkAzI kA kAma, patthara kI kArIgarI, miTTI ke bartana Adi yahAM kI dastakArI ke sundara namUnoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM, kintu inakA yuga dhIre-dhIre bItatA jA rahA hai aura ye udyoga bhI naSTa hote jA rahe haiM / jIvikopArjana kA pradhAna sAdhana kRSi rahA aura dUsarA sarakArI naukarI / naukarI ke bahAne bahuta se parivAroM kA pAlana ho jAtA thA / bharatapura meM eka palaTana 'bAIsI ' " kahalAtI thI / kahA jAtA hai, isameM kisI samaya 2200 javAna the / ye javAna bar3e vicitra the, jinameM kucha to mAtA ke udara meM baiThe hue bhI javAnI prApta kara lete the, aura kucha apane dAha-saMskAra ke uparAnta bhI hAjarI pAte hue apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karate the| inakI veza-bhUSA nirAlI thI- aMgarakhA, pAjAmA aura lukkedAra pagar3I tathA kamara meM baMdhI talavAra / inako kucha kArya bhI nahIM karanA par3atA thA / inakA nAma rajisTara meM darja ho jAtA thA aura mahinA samApta hone para tanakhvAha mila jAtI thI / janatA kI sAmAnya pravRtti ' 'bAIsa' zabda jayapura meM bhI bahuta pracalita rahA - mahArAja pratApasiMhajI ko apane darabAra meM saba taraha ke guNIjanoM kI bAIsI saMgraha karane kA vizeSa zauka thA, jaise - kavi bAIsI, vIra bAIsI, gaMdharva bAIsI Adi - karNakutUhala 5-16 /

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena dhArmika tho| loga beImAnI nahIM karate the| samaya par3ane para vyApAra karane vAle baniye bhI talavAra pakar3a lete the| kucha baniyA-parivAroM kI kahAnI to bahuta hI projapUrNa hai|' aura peze bhI yathAkrama calate the| isa prAnta kA bahuta kucha sAhitya upalabdha hai| yahAM kI sAhityika saMsthAnoM meM kAphI hastalikhita pustakeM milatI haiN| yaha sabhI sAmagro kAphI pahale kI ekatrita kI huI hai / Ajakala to khoja kA kAma kucha anya prakAra hI hai, luptaprAya, kintu sundara sAhityika granthoM ko ekatrita karane kI aora koI dhyAna nahIM diyA jaataa| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki yadi isa aora thor3A bhI dhyAna diyA jAya to bahuta-se lupta sAhitya kA uddhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura hindI sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko abhivRddhi ho sakatI hai| apanI khoja ke silasile meM mujhe aneka sthAnoM para jAnA par3A, bahuta-sI saMsthAoM tathA vyaktiyoM ke saMgrahAlayoM ko dekhane kA bhI avasara milaa| bharatapura kA bahuta kucha sAhitya vahAM ke rAjakIya pustakAlaya (aba jilA pustakAlaya) tathA zrI hindI sAhitya samiti meM prastuta hai| rAjakIya pustakAlaya meM saMgrahIta sampUrNa sAmagrI bharata pura rAjya ke tozAkhAnA se prApta huI thii| eka prakAra se yaha saMgraha rAjAnoM dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai aura kAlAntara meM pustakAlaya ko pradAna kara diyA gyaa| zrI hindI sAhitya samiti kA hastalikhita sAhitya aneka vyaktiyoM ke kaThora parizrama kA phala hai| isa ora vizeSa parizrama karane vAle vyaktiyoM meM vaidya devIprakAza avasthI (aba svargIya) tathA paMDita nandakumAra zarmA (aba gurumukhidAsa) ke nAma liye jA sakate haiM / hastalikhita pustakoM ko saMgraha karane kA prathama prayAsa paMDitA mayAzaMkara yAjJika dvArA huA aura unhoMne apane nijI pustakAlaya meM bahuta-sI hastalikhita pratiyAM ekatrita kii| bharatapura ko kucha sAmagrI anyatra bhI milatI hai, jinameM mahArAja bharatapura kA nAma pramukha hai / sAmagro avyavasthita hai parantu kAma kI kaI cIjeM miliiN| rAjya-parivAra se sambandhita aura bhI kaI vyakti haiM jinake pAsa 1 ina vIra parivAroM meM haldiyA vaMza vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| alavara rAjya se saMbaMdhita khuzAlIrAma haldiyA kA varNana par3hane yogya hai| jayapura rAjya meM yaha parivAra bahata prasiddha huaA aura alavara meM bhI isa parivAra ke loga haiN| isa vaMza meM Ajakala jayapura ke rAva narasiMhadAsa haldiyA pramukha haiN| haldiyA vaMza kI vIratA aura rAjanaitika cAturI itihAsaprasiddha hai| dekheM-mere dvArA saMpAdita tathA rA. prA. vi. pra. maMdira se zIghra hI prakAzita hone vAlA 'pratApa rAso' / 2 prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura isa saMbaMdha meM bahuta hI prazaMsanIya kArya kara rahA hai /

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20 adhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi pustakoM ke saMgraha haiM, jaise- rAvarAjA yadunAthasiMha, vRndAvana vAle rAjAjo, vaira vAle rAjAjI / ' prApta sAmagrI avyavasthita aura jIrNAvasthA meM milI hai| __ alavara meM sAmagrI to kama hai kintu hai adhika vyvsthit| isakA sabase bar3A saMgraha alavara myajiyama meM hai| pahale pothIzAlA ke nAma se eka sarakArI vibhAga thA kintu bAda meM yaha samparNa sAmagrI myajiyama ko de dI gii| mahArAja alavara kA nijI pustakAlaya aneka sundara hastalikhita pustakoM se paripUrNa hai| maiMne kaI dina unake 'vijaya pailesa' para hI vyatIta karake pustakAlaya kA avalokana kiyA aura kucha upayogI sAmagrI milii| anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM paMDita rAmabhadra grojhA kA nAma pramukha hai / kavi jayadevajI kI ziSya maNDalI bhI jisameM, paMDita nAthUrAma, paMDita harinArAyaNa kiMkara tathA brajanArAyaNa AcArya ke nAma liye jA sakate haiM, isa ora agrasara huI / kucha sAhitya bArahaThoM ke pAsa hai aura kucha bhaTTa logoM ke paas| yahAM ke aneka kavi bArahaTha haiM, jaise-ummedarAma, rAmanAtha, zivabakhza, bakhtAvaradAna / jAvalI ke ThAkura sAhaba ke pAsa kaI pustakeM miliiN| tijArA meM bhI eka saMgrahAlaya thA kintu usako sAmagro aba naSTa-bhraSTa ho gaI hai| basavA, rAjagar3ha Adi sthAnoM meM bhI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai kintu aisI avasthA meM jisase lAbha uThAnA bahuta kaThina hai / isI prasaMga meM mandiroM kA nAma bhI liyA jA sakatA hai, jinameM pradhAnatA vallabhakulo mandiroM kI hai jahAM kRSNa sAhitya milatA hai| kAmAM ke prasiddha candramAjI ke mandira meM hastalikhita sAmagro hai, parantu isa prakAra kI sAmagrI se koI vizeSa prayojana hala nahIM hotA, kyoMki prathama to usa sAmagrI kA darzana hI kapTa-sAdhya hai aura usameM prAyaH pUjA saMbaMdhI pada haiN| inakA sAhityika mUlya bhI thor3A hI pratIta hotA hai / sUra ke padoM ko saMgraha karane kI aora bahuta ruci rahI hai| isa prasaMga meM eka bAta jAna kara mujhe bahuta Azcarya huA / sUra ke pAMca-chai hajAra pada pracalita haiM kintu mujhe eka pratiSThita vyakti ne batAyA ki nagara ke pAsa eka grAma meM eka ThAkura ke yahAM sUra ke savA lAkha padoM kI hastalikhita pustaka maujUda hai| hindI jagata meM yaha samAcAra bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai aura saMbhava hai isakA patA lagane para sara saMbaMdhI dhAraNAoM meM aneka parirvatana hoN| usa grAma 1 vaira ke Adi zAsaka pratApasiMhajI kaviyoM ke lie kalpavRkSa sadRza the| isa pradeza ke prasiddha kavi somanAtha inhIM ke Azrita the| Aja bhI vaira vAloM ke pAsa kucha sAhitya batAyA jAtA hai, kintu mujhe upalabdha nahIM ho sakA / / 2 isa samaya yaha sAmagrI rA0 prA0vi0 pra0 kI dekharekha meM de dI gaI hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kA patA TikAnA bahuta kucha pUchane para bhI ve na batalA sake / patA nahIM unheM smaraNa hI nahIM pAyA athavA ve batAnA hI nahIM cAhate the| DIga ke pAsa ghATA nAmaka sthAna meM gusAMiyoM kA eka pustakAlaya hai jisameM hastalikhita pustakeM bhI maujUda haiM, kintu sAhityika dRSTi se isa saMgraha kA mUlya adhika nahIM, kyoMki vaidyaka-pustake hI adhika saMkhyA meM haiN| kucha sAmAnya padAvalI aura kRSNalIlAsAhitya avazya milatA hai| govarddhana meM kusumasarovara para nivAsa karane vAle kRSNadAsa bAbAjI braja-sAhitya ke anusaMdhAna meM lage hue haiN| govarddhana aura bharatapura kA bahuta ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahA hai / eka prakAra se govarddhana bharatapura kA ho bhAga hai kyoMki aMgrejo rAjya meM hote hue bhI yahA~ ko zrAdhe se adhika bhUmi bharatapura ko thii| bharatapura ke rAjAoM kA dAha-saMskAra govarddhana meM hI hotA hai / mAnasI gaMgA ke uttarI taTa para bharatapura ke rAjAoM kI chatriyAM banI huI haiM jo sthApatya kalA kA acchA namUnA haiN| kusamasarovara para bhI mahArAjA sUrajamala tathA vartamAna mahArAja kI pitAmahI ko sundara chatriyAM haiN| inameM se pahalI chatrI meM aneka citra haiM jinakA saMbaMdha bharatapura rAjya aura vahAM ke mandiroM se hai| bharatapura meM sthita mandira haradevajI ke pujArI gosAIM benIprasAda jI ne batAyA ki govarddhana kI chatrI meM bharatapura ke haradevajI ke mandira kA hI citra hai / astu, yahAM kI sAmagrI prAya: mAvyavasthita avasthA meM hai aura bahuta kucha sundara hastalikhita sAhitya samudrapAra yUropa aura amerikA bhejA jA cukA hai| phira bhI jo kucha sAhitya maujUda hai vaha matsya kI pratiSThA sthApita karane meM yatheSTa hai| saMbhava hai, anusaMdhAnakartAoM dvArA kucha aura bhI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta ho ske| hamAre cAroM rAjyoM kA vartamAna svarUpa san 1750 ke lagabhaga nirmita hugrA aura hamane apane anveSaNa kA samaya tabhI se cunA hai| ina sthAnoM meM isase pahale kA sAhitya bahuta kama mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai / isa samaya se pahale kI sAmagrI prApta karane kI dRSTi se jayapura ke kucha pustakAlayoM ko dekhA gyaa| vahAM ke sArvajanika pustakAlaya meM to hastalikhita pustakoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai / apane kAma kI hameM eka hI upayogI pustaka 'dayAbodha' prApta huI jo mudrita prati ke 1 do eka mahAzaya yahI kAma karate the| eka mahAzaya bhajanalAla boMDIvAlA apanI jIvikA amerikA aura jarmanI ko hindI kI hastalikhita pustakeM bheja kara hI prApta karate the| amerikA ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM saMgrahIta hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI dekhane para isa bAta kI pUrNa puSTi ho gii|

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adhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi anusAra thii| jayapura mahArAja kI rAjabhavana lAibrerI kA anusaMdhAna karane para isa kAla se pahale kA kAphI sAhitya milA, kintu usameM yaha patA lagAnA kaThina hai ki matsya prAnta meM kitanA kAma kiyA gayA hogA / nizcita rUpa se isa pradeza se saMbaMdhita kucha nAma sAmane Ate haiM, jaise (1) lAladAsa-inakA janma 1597 vi0 meM huaA thaa| inakA mata lAladAsI kabIrapaMtha se milatA julatA hai| ye dAdU-nAnaka ke samakAlIna the| inakA janma meva jAti meM huA thA, kintu yaha hindU-muslima ekatA ke kaTTara pakSa-pAtI the| inakA saMgraha 'lAladAsa kI bANI' hai| bhagavAna kA saMketa rAma, sAhaba, dhanI Adi aneka nAmoM se kiyA hai DorI pakar3o rAma kI, nita uTha japiye rAma / kahA mohalA jagata sU , par3e dhanI sUM kAma / / yaha eka pahu~ce hue mahAtmA the aura inake mAnane vAle inako bahata U~cA mAnate haiN| inake nAma se zerapura meM aba taka melA lagatA hai| kahA jAtA hai, bAdazAha akabara inakA darzana karane ke lie inake sthAna dhaulI dUba meM svayaM hI Aye the| inakA mRtyu-saMvat 1705 batAyA jAtA hai| lAladAsajI ko hama saralatA se saMta kaviyoM kI koTi meM rakha sakate haiM kahe lAla sA~I ko pyAro, zravaNa suno ika sabada hmaaro| hindU turaka ekasau sUjhai, sAhaba ghaTa saba ekahi sUjhai / / kahe lAla sA~I ko pyAro, sAhaba eka daNAvaNa haaro| hindU turaka ko ekahi sAhaba, rAha baNAI doya ajAyaba' / / lAladAsI mata aAja bhI pracalita hai| ye loga lAladAsa ke atirikta aura kisI ko nahIM maante| kiso zubha avasara ke hone para 'lAladAsa kA roTa' karate haiM / lAladAsa kI mRtyu nagalA jilA bharatapura meM huii| asAr3ha zuklA 15 ko zerapura jilA alavara meM inake nAma se hara sAla melA lagatA hai| (2) nalasiMha-inakA sambandha karaulI rAjya se thA aura inheM vahAM ke rAjAoM kA prAzraya prApta thaa| vijayapAla bayAnA ke prasiddha rAjA the 1 'arAvalI patrikA', jilda tIna, saMkhyA 1-3 / alavara kI isa sAhityika patrikA kA surucipUrNa saMpAdana hotA thA-bahuta kucha anusaMdhita tathA vivaraNAtmaka sAhityika sAmagrI bhI rahatI thii| kinhIM kAraNoM se yaha patrikA kevala kucha samaya hI cala skii|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena aura inase sambandhita "vijayapAla rAso" nAma se eka sundara vIrakAvya ko racanA nallasiMha dvArA ko gii| isa pustaka ko tathAkathita prAmANika eka hastalikhita prati karaulI ke mandira meM hai jisake darzana kiye jA sakate haiN| inakA samaya bahuta purAnA hai aura ye vIragAthA kAla ke kaviyoM meM gine jAte haiN| inake kAvya ke sambandha meM aneka saMdigdha bAteM haiM aura sAtha hI isa hastalikhita prati ke sambandha meM bhii| vaise kucha loga to isa prati ko nalla ke samaya kA hI likhA huprA mAnate haiN| (3) karamAbAI-yaha vahI prasiddha karamAbAI haiM jinakI khicaDo kA bhoga jagadIza meM aba bhI lagatA hai| inakI samAdhi, arAvalI parvata kI talahaTI meM, gar3hI mAmor3a para hai ! yaha sthAna alavara ke antargata AtA hai| inako sAhityika kRtiyA~ upalabdha nahIM hotI kintu inake kavi hone kI prasiddhi avazya hai / bhaktabhAla meM karamAbAI kA ullekha isa prakAra hai-- hutI eka bAI tAko 'karamA' sunAma jAni, binA rIti bhAMti bhoga khicarI lagAvahI / jagannAtha deva Apa bhojana karata nIke, jite lageM bhoga tAmeM yaha ati bhAva hii| gayo tAhaM sAdhu, mAni bar3o aparAdha karai, bharai bahu sAMsa sadAcAra le sikhAva hii| bhaiyoM avAra dekheM kholi ke kivAra, jo pai jUThani lagI hai mukha dhoe binu prAva hii| (4) jodharAja-ye atri gotrIya prAdi-gaur3a brAhmaNa the| DAkTara griyarsana kA kahanA hai ki vaha 1420 I0 meM paidA hue| kahA jAtA hai ye nimarAnA (alavara) ke mahArAja candrabhAna ke Azrita the| inhIM kI AjJA se 'hammIra rAso' eka prasiddha vIra-kAvya kI racanA huI / ' zuklajI tathA bA0 zyAmasundaradAsa ne inake kAvya kI prazaMsA kI hai| mizrabandhu inheM toSakavi kI zreNI meM rakhate haiM / DAkTara griyarsana ke samaya ko na mAnate hue khavA (jayapura) ke kumAra ne jo DA0 dAsa ko patra likhA usameM jodharAja ko 18 vIM zatAbdI vi0 kA mAnA hai| inakI racanAe~ gadya meM bhI milatI haiN| hammIrarAso vIra aura zRMgAra donoM kI saphala racanAoM kA udAharaNa hai| isI praNAlI para bahutasa maya bAda alavara ke rAjakavi candrazekhara 1 kA0 nA0 pra0 sabhA dvArA prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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24 adhyAya 1 -- pRSThabhUmi vAjapeyI ne saM0 1602 meM 'hammIra haTha' aura likhA thaa| yaha bhI eka sundara vIra kAvya hai / ina kaviyoM kI racanAoM se do tIna bAteM hamAre sAmane AtI haiM 1. matsya pradeza meM vora kAvyoM kI paramparA pracalita ho cukI thii| 'vijayapAla rAso' tathA 'hammIra rAso' jo vIra gAthA kAla ke zIrSa haiM yahIM likhe ge| yaha paramparA barAbara calatI rhii| sUdana ke 'sujAna-caritra,' tathA jAcIka jovana ke 'pratApa rAso' kA praNayana isI paddhati kA anugamana thaa| kucha samaya uparAnta 'yamana-vidhvaMsa-prakAsa'', 'mahala-rAso' prAdi grantha bhI likhe ge| 2. dharma kI ora pravRtti rahI / kRSNa aura rAma bhakti to thI hI kyoMki yaha prAnta yaduvaMzI tathA sUryavaMzI rAjAoM ke dvArA zAsita thaa| yaduvaMzabhUSaNa 'kRSNa' aura sUryavaMzAvataMsa 'rAma' viSayaka kavitA kA pracAra kyoM na hotA ? nirguNa bhakti ke lie bhI kucha kSetra bana gayA thA aura rAjya ke meva tathA hinduoM meM snehayukta sammilita jIvana bitAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAne lagA thaa| 3. usa samaya kAvya kI bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina logoM ne janavANo kA upayoga kiyaa| lAladAsa' ko to aisA karanA Avazyaka hI thA aura anya kavi rAjasthAna ke the hii| ataeva yahIM kI bolI lI gaI / bhASA-viSayaka yaha paramparA Age nahIM cala pAI / kAvya meM brajabhASA kI mAdhurI para saba koI mugdha the, phira matsya hI pIche kyoM rahatA aura vizeSakara jaba matsya kI kAvya-dhArA uttara-pradeza se Aye paMDitoM dvArA pravAhita kI gaI thii| rAjasthAnI ke darzana kahIM-kahIM ho ho pAte haiN| usa samaya kI eka vizeSatA aura thI, masalamAnoM kI bAteM mizrita khar3I bolI urdU meM karAI jAtI thiiN| jaise isa vAste tumase araja bahu bhAMti kIjata hai blii| aba hAtha usa para rakkhie taba leha jaMga phate alI / / isa samaya ke upalabdha sAhitya para dRSTipAta karane se jana-jIvana saMbaMdhI kucha bAteM aura milatI haiM / matsya pradeza meM saguNopAsanA kA jora thA-rAma aura 1 dattakavi-ugra kAvyakAra / 2 jayadeva, alvr| 3 lAladAsa ne sAdhAraNa koTi ke logoM ko jana-vANI meM upadeza diyA /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 'ika prIti zrI haradeva sauM.........' sUrajamala kI chatrI meM bhI haradevajI ke mandira kA haii / kucha samaya uparAnta aisA huyA ki rAjA ne lar3AI ke lie gausAIjo ko bho kahA / 'gausAI' lar3AI para kaise jAte ? bairAgI to taiyAra the ho, ataeva rAjya ke guru bairAgI ho gaye aura zrI lakSmaNajI kI mAnatA zurU huii| pahale rAjya ke jhaMDe ke nIce 'gokulendu kI jaya' likhA jAtA thaa| pichale mahArAja ne rAjya-cinha ke nIce 'lakSmaNajI sahAya' ke sthAna para 'gokulendurjayati' likhavAyA thaa| ise punaH badala kara 'lakSmaNajI sahAya' kara diyA gayA hai| rAjA, brAhmaNa, vaizya, kAyastha sabhI dharma kI maryAdA kA nirvAha karate the| par3hane-likhane kA stara bahuta nIcA thaa| phira bhI kucha dhanI vyakti samAja meM apane par3hane ke lie hastalikhita pratiyAM likhavAte the| ina pratiyoM kI pratiSThA bhI khUba tho| mere pUjya pitAjI ke pAsa jo hastalikhita pratiyoM kA thor3A sA saMgraha thA vaha unake pUjA vAle baste meM rahatA thA aura unhIM meM se kucha pustakoM kA pATha nitya niyama meM zAmila thaa| usa samaya hasta-likhita pratiyoM kA khUba pracalana thA, mUlya bho aAja ke hisAba se kucha adhika nahIM thaa| 40, 50 patra kI pustaka kA mUlya eka rupayA cAra AnA tathA 150-200 patroM ko pustaka 4-5 rupaye kI milatI thii| bharatapara tozAkhAne kI kucha kitAboM para yaha mUlya likhA huaA pAyA gayA / hastalikhita pustakeM bahuta sundaratA ke sAtha likho jAtI thiiN| prArambha se anta taka eka hI prakAra kI lipi rahatI thI aura syAhI meM bhI antara nahIM pAtA thaa| yadi kisI zabda ko kATane kI AvazyakatA par3atI thI to yaha kArya 'haratAra' lagA kara kiyA jAtA thaa| prApta sAhitya meM rAjagharAnoM ke atirikta sAmAnya jana-jIvana ke bhI kucha cinha milate haiM / rAjAnoM kA kArya yuddha karanA, zAsana karanA tathA kaviyoM ko aAzraya denA hotA thA / prajA ko sarvadA rAjA ke sukha-vaibhava kA hI dhyAna rakhanA par3atA thaa| kintu rAjA loga samaya-samaya para prajA ko AmaMtrita karate the| utsavoM ke avasara para bahuta bhIr3a ho jAtI thI aura aneka zubha avasaroM para dAna, inAma Adi bhI diye jAte the / rAjya meM brAhmaNoM kA sammAna hotA thA aura rAja-kArya meM bhI unase sahAyatA lI jAtI thii| inake atirikta kAyastha, vaizya Adi bhI sevA meM lie jAte the aura rAjA isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhate the ki ' yaha chatrI govarddhana meM kusuma sarovara nAmaka sthAna para hai| 2 udAharaNArtha 'hitopadeza bhASA kalamI jilda sameta DeDha rupyaa'|

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adhyAya 1-pRSThabhUmi unakI prajA sukhI rhe| rAjA ke vinoda, AkheTa, krIDA prAdi janatA ko bhI utsAha pradAna karate the| mahala kI raMgareliyoM ke alAvA kabhI kabhI 'lAla' kI joTeM bhI taiyAra kI jAtI thIM / ' rAjaputroM ko par3hAne ke lie paMDita rakhe jAte the jo hitopadeza aura pAine akabarI Adi se rAjanIti aura sAmAnya nIti sikhAte the| vaidyaka aura jyotiSa kA bhI kArya calatA thA / aMgrejI aspatAla usa samaya taka sthApita nahIM hue the| logoM kA svAsthya uttama koTi kA thaa| kabhI-kabhI rAja-parivAroM meM jhagar3e bhI ho jAte the| bharatapura ke durjanasAla, karaulI ke madanapAla aura alavara ke mohabbatarAya Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| isa samaya meM aMgrejoM kA aAtaMka sabhI jagaha chAyA huA thaa| yadyapi kucha loga unheM achUta samajhate the kintu unakI ora se sarvadA sajaga rahate the / 'phiraMgI' nAma jana-sAdhAraNa meM AtaMka kA sUcaka hotA thaa| logoM kA sAdhAraNa jJAna sunI-sanAI bAtoM para AdhArita hotA thaa| jIvArAma ke 'akkalanAme' se jina bAtoM kA jJAna hotA hai ve vAstavikatA se dUra haiN| baMgAle meM jAdU kI bAta kevala janazruti para avalambita hai nahIM to usa samaya taka baMgAla para pUrNa rUpa se aMgrejoM kA adhikAra thA aura jAdU Adi saba dUra ho cuke the tathA jAdU Adi ke sthAna para vahA~ aAdhunika vijJAna kI bAteM prArambha ho cukI thiiN| mandiroM aura gAya ko pUjya bhAva se dekhA jAtA thA / gaMgA aura yamunA ko pavitratA pratyeka vyakti ko prabhAvita karatI thii| zivajI kI pUjA ghara-ghara hotI tho aura jisa prakAra Ajakala zivarAtri ko mahAdevajI kA 'vyAhulA' sunA jAtA hai usI prakAra bhakta loga taba bhI rAtri ko vyAhulA sunate aura jAgaraNa karate the| logoM ke vicAra dhArmika the aura rAjA ko devatA mAna kara usameM bhakti aura vizvAsa rakhate the| matsya kA jana-samAja kucha pichar3A humA pratIta hotA hai, sAmAnyata: ve usa samaya kI pracalita vicAradhArA se pIche the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki matsya meM unnIsa sau taka pazcima kA prabhAva AyA hI nahIM thaa| loga aMgrejoM ko achUta samajhate the aura isI prakAra videzI sabhyatA tathA saMskRti ko| kucha loga aMgrejoM se hAtha milAne ke pazcAt snAna taka karate the| urdU aura phArasI kA pracAra thA aura saMskRta kA sammAna / kucha loga hindI ke utthAna meM satarka the aura aise hI puruSoM ke udyoga se Aja hindI kA astitva rAjyoM meM dikhAI par3a rahA hai| hameM apane anusaMdhAna meM aneka prakAra kI hastalikhita pratiyAM miliiN| inameM 1 'lAla dhyAla' dekheN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 27 kaI prakAra ke kAgaja kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, kucha dezI aura kucha videzI / syAhI camakadAra aura gahare kAle raMga kI lagAI gaI hai / virAma lagAne, dohA, caupAI, kavitA prAdi zIrSaka lagAne meM kahIM-kahIM lAla syAhI kA upayoga bhI hotA thaa| jahAM kahIM kucha kATane ko aAvazyakatA par3atI thI to haratAra lagAyA jAtA thaa| ina hastalikhita pratiyoM meM kucha lekha bahuta ho sundara aura spaSTa tathA moTe akSaroM meM haiM / rAjadarabAra meM ina hastalikhita pustakoM ko bar3e yatna se rakhA jAtA thA / jildeM sundara banato thoM aura una para rezamI kapar3A car3hAyA jAtA thA / eka hI pustaka meM AvazyakatA ke anusAra choTe bar3e akSara likhe jAte the / usa samaya logoM meM saMgraha kI pravRtti thii| ucca koTi ke kaviyoM kI kRtiyAM lipibaddha kI jAtI thIM aura kucha loga apanI ruci ke anusAra pada, kavitta, savaiyA, dohA aAdi saMgraha kara lete the| kucha granthoM kA bahuta pracalana thA aura unako aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM milI haiM, jaise (1) pracalita dhArmika grantha-tulasI ke sabhI grantha lipibaddha mile / inameM mAnasa, vinaya, kavitAvalI tathA rAmAjJA (suganautI) para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA thaa| mAnasa ke aneka kANDoM kI alaga-alaga bahuta-sI pratiyAM milIM / 'tulasI' ke sAtha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI bhI pratiyAM pAI gaIM / mahAbhArata kI hastalikhita pratiyAM kama ho miliiN| saMbhava hai isakA kAraNa isakA vRhad prAkAra ho / inake atirikta vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata, zivapurANa, devImahAtmya, hitopadeza Adi ke padyAnuvAda prastuta kie jAte the| ina anuvAdoM kA kucha bhI uddezya rahA ho kintu ye isa bAta kA pramANa haiM ki ina granthoM ko aora logoM kI ruci thI aura inakA pATha bhakti tathA zraddhA ke sAtha kiyA jAtA thaa| (2) bihArI satasaI-kI aneka pratiyAM milI haiM jinameM kacha saTIka bhI haiN| isI prakAra deva ke granthoM kI bhI hastalikhita pratiyAM haiN| kezava kI rAmacandrikA para bhI logoM kA dhyAna gayA / devajI to idhara-udhara jAte hI rahate the aura unake sAtha inake granthoM kA pracAra bhI bar3hatA thaa| padmAkara ke phuTakara chaMda bahuta-se logoM ne saMgraha kiye the| (3) sUra ke padaaneka saMgraha mile, kintu ye apekSAkRta bahuta choTe haiN| inake saMkalana kA kArya prAyaH ballabhakulI maMdiroM meM hotA thaa| sara ke padoM kI hastalikhita pustakeM bahuta-se mandiroM meM pAI gaIM jinameM se AratI aura paTa khulane ke samaya sUra ke padoM kA gAyana hotA thaa| ina

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adhyAya 1-pRSThabhUmi pratiyoM ko dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki kAlAntara meM logoM ne apane banAye hue bhI aneka pada sUra ke padoM meM sammilita kara diye / (4) hitopadeza Adi saMskRta grantha-hitopadeza kA bahuta pracalana thA aura hamArI khoja meM isa grantha ke aneka anuvAda mile jo gadya aura padya donoM meM haiN| alavara aura bharatapura ina donoM sthAnoM meM bahuta kucha sAmagrI milI ! matsya prAnta ke ina donoM pramukha sthAnoM ke upalabdha sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para kucha bAteM vizeSa rUpa se dikhAI detI haiM--- 1. alavara kA kAvya adhika saumya hai| usameM na udaMDatA hai aura na ugratA; kisI bar3I lar3AI kA varNana bhI nahIM hai| kahIM kahIM upadrava karane vAloM para jo sakhtI kI gaI usI ko bar3hA kara likha diyA gayA hai / rAjAoM ke prati bahuta hI zraddhA thI aura jo bhI grantha upalabdha hue haiM ve kisI na kisI rAjA ke 'vilAsa' yA 'prakAsa' haiN| datta kavi, jinakI ugratA ullekhanIya hai, isa niyama ke apavAda kahe jA sakate haiN| 2. bharatapura kA kAvya bahuta ugra aura tIvra hai| usameM kAphI garmI aura kaTutA hai / lar3AiyoM ke kAraNa isameM vIra-rasa kA acchA samAveza ho gayA hai / bharatapura ke kavi kucha svataMtra prakRti ke bhI pratIta hote haiN| rAjAoM kI guNa-gAthAoM ke atirikta kucha svataMtra grantha bhI haiM, jaise-siMhAsana battIsI, navadhA bhakti, mahAdeva ko vyAhulo, zivastuti, brajalIlA tathA aneka granthoM ke anuvAda / alavara kA kSetra itanA vistRta pratota nahIM hotaa| 3. alavara meM aMgrejoM ke prati koI bhI vidroha-bhAvanA nahIM dekhI jaatii| kisI ne to aMgrejoM ke izAre para alavara kI bahuta-sI lajjAjanaka bAteM kaha DAlI haiN| saMbhava hai una bAtoM meM satya kA bhI aMza ho, kintu koI bhI sammAnapUrNa vyakti isa prakAra ko bAteM kahanA pasanda nahIM kregaa| aMgrejoM ne aneka bAra alavara rAjya meM hastakSepa kiyaa| keDala nAma ke aMgreja kI kAragujArI prasiddha hI hai / 4. bharatapura meM aMgrejoM ke lie aura sAtha hI musalamAnoM ke liye bahuta ugra padya likhe haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aMgreja aura musalamAna

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 26 donoM hI bharatapura se bhayabhIta rahate tha (a) bhejI phori paTaka pachAra. SAta SaMbhana te rejI aMgarejana kI rovai kalakattA meM / ' (prA) hallA meM hAreMge phiraMgI hajAra bhAMti jAlima jaTA ke kaTA kari ddaareNge|' (i) tegana teM toDa DAre mUDa aMgarejana ke pare rahe kheta meM bhikhArI ke se kUlarA / jaba bharatapura ke jATa aMgrejoM se isa prakAra kA AtaMkamaya vyavahAra kara rahe the taba mAcorI ko rAva so tau jaga meM janAnoM bheSa kari pahare kara cUDau anabaTa ghUgharA / isameM saMdeha nahIM, yaha atizayoktipUrNa kavitA hai, kyoMki isameM udayapura, jayapura ko bhI aisA hI kahA hai cauke dragapAla chatra dhArI mahimaMDala ke jaipura udaipura uThAya prAyo lUgarA / ' alavara ke sAhitya meM gaMbhIratA kI garimA hai| bharatapura kA kAvya ugratA se camatkRta hai| isakA kAraNa donoM sthAnoM kA vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti bhI hai| vaise alavara kA rAjya mahArAjA pratApasiMha ne bharatapura se hI chInA thA aura yuddha meM bhI karArI hAra pahale hI de cuke the, jaba pratApasiMha jayapura senA ke nAyaka the| kintu bharatapura meM kucha kAraNa aise bane rahate the ki kaviyoM kI apanI vAkpratibhA ko vIra-rasa se saMbaMdhita karane ke avasara mila hI jAte the / isa anusaMdhAna kA kArya aneka sthAnoM meM huA hai, jaise-sArvajanika pustakAlaya, rAjAroM ke vizAla bhavana, maMdiroM ke jagamohana, purAne paMDitoM kI baiThakeM, rAjagar3ha aura DIga ke khaMDahara, nagara aura DaharA jaise choTe gAMva, mathurA, AgarA jaise bar3e nagara, purAne kSatigrasta maMdira, yamunA kA taTa, kusuma-sarovara tathA usake pAsa kI chatriyAM, vRndAvana kI kujeM, kiloM ke kucha bhagnAvazeSa, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, bArahaThoM ke sAmAnya dvAra, paMsAriyoM kI raddI, dImaka lage baste, vedapAThI brAhmaNoM ke caraNa, girirAja kI parvata-zRkhalAe~ aadi| isa kArya ke sampAdana meM bahuta-se vyaktiyoM kA sahayoga rahA jinameM cAroM rAjya ke nareza, vahAM ke sAhityakAra, kyUreTara, pustakAlayAdhyakSa, rAja karmacArI Adi sammilita haiN| anubhava ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki logoM ko kucha aisI manovRtti hai ki 1 'parasiddha' kavi dvaaraa|

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30 adhyAya 1 - pRSThabhUmi ve apane pAsa saMgrahIta sAhitya ko prakaTa hone denA nahIM caahte| aneka sthAnoM para to baste mAtra kA darzana huA, kinhIM sthAnoM para pustakoM ke sparza ko prAjJA nahIM milI aura kucha mahAnubhAvoM ne to kevala bAtoM meM hI TahalA diyA / maiMne sampUrNa sAmagrI ko chaH bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai 1. roti-kAvya, 2. zRgAra-kAvya, 3. bhakti-kAvya, 4. nIti, yuddha, itihAsa Adi, 5. gadya-prantha, aura 6. anuvaad-grnth| - -

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adhyAya 2 rIti - kAvya san 1750 se 1600 I0 taka kA adhikAMza rItikAla ke aMtargata grAtA hai aura yahI rIti- paramparA matsya meM bhI clii| yahAM ke aneka vidvAna kaviyoM ne isa ora dhyAna diyA aura rIti ke sabhI prasaMgoM para apanI vANI kA upayoga kiyA / paMDita rAmacandra zukla ke kAlavibhAjanAnusAra rItikAla saMvat 1600 vi0 meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai, kintu matsya pradeza meM san 1900 I0 taka kI pravRtti ko dekhate hue 1750 se 1600 I. taka kA sampUrNa kAla rItikAla meM hI rakhanA upayukta hogA / hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM rItikAla bahuta mahattva rakhatA hai, aura jahA~ taka saMkhyA kA prazna hai, isa kAla meM kaviyoM ko eka bAr3ha A gii| yaha bAta to nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki isa kAla meM kI gaI saMpUrNa kavitA nikRSTa koTi kI thI, kyoMki jisa kAla meM bihArI jaise rasika, bhUSaNa aura sUdana jaise vIra kAvyakAra, deva jaise sampUrNa kavi, somanAtha jaise zrAcArya, rasAnanda jaise kAvya-marmajJa hoM use hama nimnakoTi kA nahIM mAna sakate / phira bhI isa kAla ke kaviyoM ko eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA aise logoM kI thI jinakI kavitA kAvya ke vAstavika guNoM se dUra par3atI hai / hindI meM rIti kAvya kA prArambha saMskRta ke rIti graMthoM kI paddhati para huA / prAcIna kAla se hI saMskRta ke kAvyAcAryoM ne isa ora apanA dhyAna diyA / eka bAta hama avazya dekhate haiM ki saMskRta ke prAcArya kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM ke vizleSaNa kI ora adhika dhyAna dete the, kavitA ke kSetra meM itanA dakhala nahIM rakhate the / udAharaNa ke lie mammaTa ko ho lIjiye / unhoMne sUtra, vRtti, kArikA Adi ke dvArA kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM ke tathya kA prati sundara pratipAdana to kiyA kintu udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jo avataraNa die ve granya kaviyoM ke hI the / durbhAgya se hindI meM kAvyatva aura prAcAryatva mizrita-sA ho gayA aura aisA hone se sAhitya ke donoM aMgoM ko hAni pahu~cI / saMskRta sAhitya-zAstriyoM ke granusAra kAvya ke aneka sampradAya haiM, jinameM pAMca pramukha haiM 1. rasa-saMpradAya - vaise to isa mata ke pravartaka bharatamuni haiM jinake nATya zAstra meM 'rasa' kA samyak vivecana kiyA gayA hai / para jana zruti ke AdhAra para rasa kA prathama AcArya nandikezvara mAnA jAtA hai / rasa- niSpatti ke saMbaMdha meM bharata kA prasiddha sUtra thA 'vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasa

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32 adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya niSpattiH / ' isameM rasa ke sabhI aMga pA jAte haiN| isa 'rasaniSpatti' para aneka vidvAnoM ne vicAra kiyA aura cAra vAda atyaMta prasiddha hue (a) bhaTTa lollaTa kA utpattivAda, (A) zaMkuka kA anamitivAda, (i) bhaTTa nAyaka kA bhuktivAda, tathA (I) abhinavagupta kA abhivyktivaad| inameM abhinavagupta kA siddhAnta bahuta mAdha hunA aura kAvya-prakAza ke racayitA mammaTa, sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha tathA paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne rasagaMgAdhara meM isI mata ko mAnA hai / eka prakAra se abhinavagupta kA yaha siddhAnta bhAratIya sAhitya-zAstra meM sarvamAnya ho gayA hai| 2. alaMkAra-sampradAya- isa sampradAya kA sarvapramakha AcArya rudraTa thA / alaMkAroM kA ullekha to sabase pahale bharatamuni' ne hI kara diyA thA parantu isakA sarvaprathama vaijJAnika vizleSaNa bhAmaha ne apane kAvyAlaMkAra meM kiyaa| ye loga alaMkAra ko hI kAvya kI prAtmA mAnate haiN| alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA bharata ke batAye cAra alaMkAroM se barAbara bar3hatI raho, aura kAlAMtara meM saikar3oM para jA phuNcii| hindo ke rItikAla meM alaMkAra-yojanA kA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA aura bahuta-sI kavitAe~ to kevala alaMkAra ko chaTA dikhAne bhara ko likhI giiN| zleSa, anuprAsa Adi to itane priya hue ki kucha loga inameM hI kAvya kI iti-zrI samajhane lge| matsya meM bhI yaha pravRtti kAphI dikhAI par3atI hai, kintu isake sAtha hI kucha vidvAnoM dvArA alaMkAra-nirUpaNa kA prazaMsanIya kArya bhI kiyA gyaa| 3. rIti-sampradAya- isa sampradAya ko sthApita karane vAle prAcArya vAmana the| inhoMne 'rIti' ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA aura kahA 'rItirAtmA kAvyasya' / rIti kyA hai ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue inhIM prAcArya mahodaya ne anyatra kahA hai 'viziSTA pada-racanA rItiH' / eka prakAra se rIti vAloM ne kAvya ke bAhya pakSa para adhika bala diyaa| aura hRdaya pakSa ko avahelanA kI gaI, AtmAbhivyakti ke lie bahuta kama sthAna raha gyaa| racanA-camatkAra hI kAvya kA sarvasva banA diyA gayA / kAvya meM yaha racanAcamatkAra guNoM para Azrita rahatA hai aura doSoM se usakA stara giratA hai, 1 bharatamuni ne cAra alaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai-upamA, rUpaka, yamaka aura dIpaka /

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena ataeva racanA meM guNoM kA prayoga aura doSoM kA parihAra honA caahie| guNa aura doSoM kA vivecana hindI kAvya-zAstriyoM ne bhI kiyaa| kucha graMtha to kevala isI prasaga ko lekara likhe ge| hamArI khoja meM isa prakAra ke hastalikhita grantha bhI prApta hue|' isa prakAra ke granthoM meM anya prakaraNoM ke sAtha guNa aura doSoM para vizeSa rUpa se likhA gayA hai| 4. vakrokti-sampradAya-isa prasaMga meM kuntaka kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| unake grantha 'vakrokti jIvita' meM vakrokti ko kAvya kA prANa mAnA gayA hai| unhoMne vakrokti ko 'kathana ko vicitratA'2 kahA hai| yaha vakratA varNa, pada, vAkya, prabaMdha Adi meM ho sakatI hai, ataeva kevala vakrokti alaMkAra ho vakrokti' kA pratipAdaka nhiiN| kroce kA abhivyaMjanAvAda bhI isase milatA-julatA hai| vAstava meM vokti abhivyaMjanA ko eka praNAlI hai| ise kAvya ko prAtmA mAnane meM saMkoca hotA hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra to isameM kevala vAk-vaicitrya ho hai| isase mana ko eka halakI-sI prasannatA milatI hai, hRdaya ko gambhIra vRttiyoM para koI vizeSa prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| vakrokti ke bahuta-se udAharaNa matsya-pradeza meM upalabdha 'bhramara gIta' aura 'dAnalIlA' Adi meM pAye jAte haiN| 5. dhvani-sampradAya-isa sampradAya kI pratiSThA dhvanyAloka ke racayitA yAnandavarddhana dvArA huI / unakA kahanA thA--'kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH' / kAvya kI AtmA dhvani hai tathA kAvya kA vAstavika sauMdarya vyaMgyArtha kA honA hai| isa sampradAya ke AcAryoM ne, jinameM kAvyaprakAza ke lekhaka mammaTa kA nAma bhI zAmila kiyA jA sakatA hai, kAvya kA vargIkaraNa dhvani ke AdhAra para hI kiyaa| mammaTa ne batAyA ki kAvya tIna prakAra kA hotA hai 1. dhvani-kAvya, 2. guNIbhUta vyaMgya, tathA 3. citra / ina prAcAryoM ne dhvani meM rasa kA bhI samAveza kiyA aura 'rasa-dhvani' ko sarvazraSTha mAnA / kucha vidvAna isI AdhAra para dhvani-siddhAMta ko rasa ke aMtargata 1 rasAnanda-'vRjendra vilaas'| 2 'vaidagdhyabhaMgI bhrinnti'| 3 'esthaittiks-kroce'| 4 dhvanyAloka 1-1 /

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34 adhyAya 2 -- roti-kAvya mAnate haiM / abhinavagupta ne isa siddhAMta ko bahuta lokapriya banA diyA, sAtha hI rasa tathA dhvani ke saMbaMdha kA mahattva bhI kAvya-zAstra meM sthApita kara diyaa| yadi ina sabhI sampradAyoM para eka vistRta dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to ye pAMcoM sampradAya do zreNiyoM meM A jAyeMge 1. rasa aura dhvani-jo kavitA kI prAtmA para adhika bala dete haiN| inameM kAvya kA aMtaraMga pramukha hai| 2. zeSa tInoM-inameM kAvya ke bahiraMga ko pradhAnatA do gaI hai / rItikAla meM kavitA ke bAhya aMga para adhika dhyAna diyA gyaa| hindI meM 'rIti' zabda mAnya huA, jaise saMskRta meM alaMkAra / hindI meM 'rIti' kA prayoga una granthoM ke sAtha huA jo 'lakSaNa grantha' hote the| jina granthoM meM rasa, alaMkAra, guNa, doSa, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda Adi kA varNana hotA thA ve roti-grantha kahe jAne lge| saMskRta kAvya-zAstriyoM ne rIti kA jo artha grahaNa kiyA jisakA abhiprAya viziSTa pada-racanA' hotA thA, vaha hindI meM grahaNa nahIM huaaa| hama hindI meM isa zabda ko isake vistRta artha meM svIkAra karate haiM / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki rIti zabda ko grahaNa karane se hamArA dhyAna kAvya ke bahiraMga ko aura adhika jAtA hai, usakI prAtmA athavA aMtaraMga kI pora itanA nahIM, aura rIti kAvya ke aMtargata jahAM rasa, dhvani prAdi kA varNana huA hai vahAM va 'racanA' kI dRSTi se svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jisa grantha meM racanA saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vivecana ho unheM rItikAvya kI saMjJA dI gii| saMskRta meM rItikAra 'prAcAryatva' kI padavI se vibhUSita kiye jA sakate haiM, kavitva kA unameM prAyaH abhAva milatA hai| vAstavika siddhAntakAroM ko dekhie, unameM kAvya nahIM milegA, kAvya-nirUpaNa hI milegA ! hindo meM ina donoM kA sammizraNa ho gyaa| ataH hindI meM rItikAla ke aMtargata do prakAra ke kavi milate haiM- 1. prAcAryatvapradhAna 2. zRMgArapradhAna / isa adhyAya meM unhIM kaviyoM ko liyA gayA hai jinameM prAcAryatva kA prAdhAnya hai| matsya ke rItikAroM ne hindI meM pracalita zailI kA hI anugamana kiyaa| kAvya-zAstra para sarvaprathama hindI lekhaka kRpArAma' mAne jAte haiM / 2 inake pazcAt gopA, karanesa, sundara Adi bahuta-se logoM ne isa viSaya para likhA, 1 hita taraMgiNI-saMvat 1568 vi0 / 2 DaoNkTara bhAgIratha mizra-hindI kAvya zAstra kA itihAsa / / For Private & Personal use only. www.jainel

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 35 parantu rIti-granthoM kI vAstavika paraMparA cintAmaNi tripAThI se calI jisane kAvyaviveka, kAvyaprakAza, kavikula kalpataru Adi grantha likhe| inake uparAnta lakSaNa granthoM kI bharamAra hone lgii| kaviyoM meM yaha eka niyama-sA bana gayA ki pahale vibhinna rasa, alaMkAra Adi kA lakSaNa likhanA aura phira unake udAharaNa meM eka chaMda likha denaa| kabhI-kabhI to saMdeha hone lagatA hai ki kisI kavi vizeSa ko kavi kaheM yA prAcArya / hindI ke kAvya-kSetra meM yaha bheda isa prakAra se lupta-sA ho gyaa| paMDita zukla ne apane itihAsa meM likhA hai ki ina kaviyoM meM sUkSma vivecana kI kamI thI, samyak mImAMsA nahIM ho pAtI thI, ataeva unheM prAcAryatva kI gauravayakta padavI nahIM dI jA sktii|' toSa, jasavaMtasiMha Adi kucha uttama AcArya avazya milate haiM, parantu eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA una kaviyoM kI hai jinakI racanAoM ko bharatI kA kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| matsya pradeza ke kaviyoM kA anusaMdhAna karane para hameM kucha kavi aise mile jinake granthoM se vidita hotA hai ki ve kavi prAcArya kahe jAne ke sarvathA upayukta haiN| kucha ne to siddhAnta pratipAdana meM bahuta cAturya dikhAyA hai aura vyAkhyA ko adhika spaSTa karane ke hetu gadya kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| hindI meM mammaTa kRta, 'kAvyaprakAza' kI aora kaviyoM kA dhyAna adhika gayA / isake kaI kAraNa haiM 1. kavi samAja meM kAvya-prakAza kA adhika pracAra thaa| 2. isa grantha meM kAvya ke sabhI aMgoM kI vyAkhyA hai| 3. isameM kAvyopayogI sabhI prakaraNa--rasa, dhvani, alaMkAra, rIti Adi vidyamAna haiN| .. 4. samaya-samaya para vidvAnoM dvArA isa graMtha para anekoM TIkAe~ kI gii| 5. kAvya-prakAza meM dhvani aura rasa kA sundara samanvaya kiyA gyaa| dUsarA adhika pracalita grantha vizvanAtha kA sAhityadarpaNa thaa| isa grantha kA bhI bahuta pracAra thA / kAvya ke ina granthoM kA bahuta upayoga hugrA / hindI ke kaviyoM ne aneka chAyAnuvAda prastuta kiya / isa prasaMga meM matsya pradeza ke rAma kavi, somanAtha, rasAnanda, kalAnidhi, motIrAma aura jugala kavi ke nAma sammAna ke sAtha liye jA sakate haiN| somanAtha kA rasapIyUSanidhi', rasAnanda kA 'brajeMdravilAsa' aura kalAnidhi kA 'alaMkAra kalAnidhi' to sarvAMgapUrNa graMtha hai| rItikAla ke anya kaviyoM se milAna karane para ina kaviyoM meM prAcAryatva kI dRSTi se koI 1 zukla-hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa : rItikAvya kA sAmAnya paricaya /

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adhyAya 2 - rIti - kAvya kamI nahIM pAI jaatii| somanAtha ke 'rasapIyUSanidhi' ko dekha kara to Azcarya hotA hai ki isa grantha kA adhika pracAra kyoMkara nahIM huA jaba ki yaha grantha kAvya-sambandhI sampUrNa viSayoM se samalaMkRta hai| yadi somanAtha kA samucita adhyayana kiyA jAya to usakI pratibhA kisI bhI sAhitya-gArakho ko Azcarya se meM DAla sakatI hai| matsya pradeza ke rItikAlIna kaviyoM ke granthoM meM kucha sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM / jaise 1. kavi aura prAcArya ---hindI meM kavi aura prAcArya eka ho gae haiN| matsya meM bhI bahuta kucha sImA taka yahI pravRtti dikhAI detI hai kintu rItigranthoM ke atirikta bhI unake kucha anya graMtha haiM jinase unakI kavitva zakti kA acchA AbhAsa milatA hai| kucha kaviyoM meM to hameM spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI detA hai ki (a) rIti kA pratipAdana karate samaya ve prAcArya haiM, tathA (A) apanI anya racanAoM meM ve kavi haiN| 2. hindI meM saMskRta ke vibhinna vAdoM athavA sampradAyoM kA pracalana nahIM huaA-kevala alaMkAra, rIti Adi kI hI pradhAnatA rhii| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki hindI meM kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM kA nirUpaNa karane kI praNAlI bahata kuNThita rhii| hama spaSTa rUpa se dekhate haiM ki hindI vAloM ne kucha alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA to avazya bar3hAI aura zRgAra ke aMtargata nAyakanAyikA bheda kA nirUpaNa bhI vistAra ke sAtha kiyA kintu kAvya ke anya aMgoM para kucha bhI maulika kArya nahIM huaaa| isa sambandha meM viSaya pratipAdana kI utkRSTatA matsya kI dena kahI jA sakatI hai| 3. rItikAlIna kaviyoM ko kavitta, savaiye Adi chaMda adhika priya the| matsya pradeza meM bhI yahI manovRtti rhii| kahIM-kahIM dohe aura chappaya kI yora bhI ruci dekhI gaI hai| vaise to isa kAla ke kaviyoM ne padoM meM bhI kavitA kI kintu unameM kAvya-nirUpaNa nahIM huA, kavitA mAtra hI huii| 4. matsya pradeza kI khoja meM kucha aisI pustakeM bhI milIM jinameM rAga-rAganiyoM kA nirUpaNa huyA hai| sAmAnyataH hindI meM isa koTi ke nirUpaNa graMtha nahIM milate haiM kintu vraja meM saMgIta kA adhika pracAra thA / vahA~ kaviyoM kA dhyAna rAga-rAginiyoM kI ora bhI gayA / 5. rItikAla ke kaviyoM ne zRgAra kI ora adhika dhyAna diyA aura isI kAraNa zRgAra sambandhI viSayoM kA adhika vivecana huaa| nAyaka

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena nAyikA ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA karor3oM taka pahu~cA dI gaI / ' nakha-sikha athavA sikha-nakha meM nAyaka-nAyikAnoM kA varNana bhI kaviyoM ke kisI zRMgArika jhukAva ke kAraNa thA / hama ina prasaMgoM ko bhI rIti-kAvya ke aMtargata le rahe haiM kyoMki inakA aAdhAra kinhIM lakSaNoM para hotA hai aura unake varNana kI praNAlI eka taraha se nizcita sI bana gaI thii| nAyaka-nAyikA bhedoM kA nirUpaNa saMskRta graMthoM meM bhI huaa| jisa paddhati kA prArambha dhanaMjaya', vizvanAtha dvArA huA, usakI bahuta-kucha rUpa-rekhA hameM rudrabhaTTa aura bhoja' ke granthoM meM milatI hai / hindI meM bhI kRpArAma, matirAma, deva, padmAkara Adi ne isa ora dhyAna diyA / isa prakAra ke kaI grantha hameM apane anusaMdhAna ma prApta hue aura ve usI koTi ke haiM jaise hindI ke anya graMtha / ina granthoM meM anveSaNa kI kSamatA aura varNana ko vizadatA bahuta suMdara rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| 6. matsya pradeza ke roti-graMthoM meM hameM rAdhAkRSNa kA itanA avara zRMgArI rUpa nahIM milatA jitanA hindI ke anya graMthoM meN| yaha usa pradeza kA kAvya hai jahAM rAdhA aura kRSNa kI ora pUjya bhAva adhika hai, ataeva isa prakAra kA prasaMga samAja ko aura vizeSataH AzrayadAtAoM ko rucikara nahIM hotA / matsya ke kaviyoM ne isa manovRtti kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA / rItikAlIna kavi prAyaH rAjyAzrita the| ciMtAmariNa nAgapura meM makaraMdazAha ke yahA~ rahe, bihArI mirjA rAjA jayasiMha ke yahA~ the, aura maDana rAjA maMgadasiMha ke darabAra meM rahate the| isI prakAra matirAma bUMdI ke mahArAjA kA prAzraya pAte the aura bhUSaNa zivAjI tathA chatrasAla ke prazaMsaka the / nevAja kavi pannA nareza ke pAzrita the aura deva ke to aneka prAzrayadAtA the| bhikhArIdAsa pratApagar3ha ke somavaMzI rAjAoM ke pAsa rahate the| isa prakAra aneka kaviyoM ne apane-apane AzrayadAtA DhUMDha rakhe the / matsya pradeza ke aneka kavi bhI rAjyAzrita the, yathA 1. somanAtha - rAjakumAra pratApasiMha (vaira nivAsI), 1 jasavaMtasiMha ke 'bhASA-bhUSaNa' para mahArAja vinaya siMha kI TIkA, nAyakA bheda-13271240 / 2 dazarUpaka / 3 saahitydrpnn| 4 shrRNgaartilk| 5 shrRNgaar-prkaash| 6 kahA jAtA hai ye mahAzaya AzrayadAtA kI khoja meM bharatapura bhI pAe the|

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adhyAya 2 -- rIti - kAvya 2. kalAnidhi - rAjakumAra pratApasiMha (vaira nivAsI), 3. zivarAma - mahArAja sUrajamala (DIga nivAsI), 4. jugala kavi - mahArAja baldevasiMha, 5. kRSNa kavi -~- rA0 goviMdasiMha, 6. harinAtha - mahArAja vinayasiMha, 7. rAma kati --- mahArAja balavaMtasiMha, 8. motIrAma --- 6. balabhadra - mahArAja mahIsiMha, 10. bhogIlAla - mahArAja bakhtAvarasiMha, aura 11. rasAnanda -- mahArAja balavaMtasiMha / ina rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kA kArya apane rAja-kavi hone ko sArthakatA pradAna karanA thaa| ina logoM ne isa bAta kA niraMtara prayAsa kiyA ki apane samaya aura avasara kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga kreN| inake dvArA likhe gae kucha grantha to vAstava meM ucca koTi ke haiM / graMthoM ko dekhane se aisA patA lagatA hai ki ye graMtha 1. yA to rAjAoM ke manovinodArtha likhe gae athavA rAjaputroM ke zikSaNa hetu kyoMki usa samaya yaha praNAlI thI ki rAjaputroM kI zikSA ke hetu navIna graMthoM kA nirmANa hotA thaa| 'akalanAmA' nAma ke graMtha kucha isI vicAra se likhe jAte the| 2. eka kAraNa kAvya-nirUpaNa bhI ho sakatA hai| kucha loga aise the jinheM rAjAnoM ko prasanna karane kI tanika bhI ciMtA na thii| pratyata jo cAhate the ki unake dvArA kAvyAMgoM kA vidhivat nirUpaNa ho| isa prasaMga meM hama goviMda kavi' kA nAma le sakate haiM / gobiMda kavi kisI rAjA ke yAzrita nahIM the| 1 isa kavi kA nAma 'rasika govinda' aura inakI pustaka kA nAma 'rasika govindAnaMdaghana' likhA hai| yaha bAta bhramAtmaka hai| merI khoja meM isa kavi dvArA likhita 'govindAnanda. ghana' kI kaI hastalikhita pratiyA~ prApta huI jinameM pustaka kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se 'guviMdAnandaghana' likhA hanA hai, 'rasika gavidAnandaghana' nhiiN| paMDita rAmacandra zakla, prAcArya caturasena zAstrI, DAkTara nagendra Adi ne bhI 'rasika' hI likhA hai| mere kathana ke pramANa meM do-tIna paMktiyA~ dekhie racyo guviMdAnanda ghana vRndAvana rasavaMta / yahai guviMdAnanda ghana nAma dharayo ihi heta / / racyau guvindAnandaghana rasika gurvida vicAri / ( TippaNI kA zeSa aMza Age ke pRSThoM meM hai ) X

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena X (pRSTha 38 kI TippaNI kA zeSa aMza ) isa 'rasika guviMda' se bhrama utpanna hotA hai| kavi ko rasika kahA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki hama unake nAma meM bhI unake isa guga yA dhAraNA ko zAmila kara deN| unhoMne apanA nAma spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai| rasika, bhakta, leSaka gurvida kavi koka kAvya bilauyA / sukavi gaviMdAdikani kRta yaha prAnanda samUha / yAte nAma aAnandavana dharayau rahata pratyUha // mitra 'guviMda' ko cita curAvai vArI baisa vArI ujiyArI zrI 'guviMda' kahaiM / vAstava meM pustaka kA nAma to AnaMdaghana aura kavi kA nAma govinda hai| kintu donoM ko milA kara pustaka kA nAma 'govindAnaMdaghana' hupaa| ina sabake uparAnta hastalikhita pustakoM meM pustaka kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se 'zrI govindAnaMdaghana' likhA gayA hai, phira bhI na jAne kisa kAraNa se aneka vidvAnoM ko isa prakAra kA bhrama huaaa| nimbArka sampradAya ke 'sarvezvara'sampAdaka zrI vrajavallabha zaraNajI se vRndAvana meM bAta karane para, tathA salemAbAda ke zrI jI mahArAja se tatsambandhI carcA karane para patA lagA ki rasika zabda kA prayoga isalie kiyA gayA ki isa nAma ke usa samaya zrI jI mahArAja bhI the, ata: donoM nAmoM meM kucha bheda karanA Avazyaka thaa| vaise inakA nAma 'govinda nATAnI' thaa| mere anumAna se to isa bhrAnti kA kAraNa eka dUsare se hubahU avataraNa lene kI paramparA hai| eka aura bhI bAta dekhie / zakla jI ne --- sAligrAma suta jAti naTAnI bAlamukuMda ko bhaiyA' ke AdhAra para inakI jAti, jaisA kavi ne saMketa kiyA, vahI likha dI hai / 'nATAnI' jAti nahIM hotI, pratyuta khaNDelavAla vezyoM meM 'nATAnI' gotra hotA hai, nATAnI gotra ke khaNDelavAla jayapura meM bahuta pratiSThita the aura vahA~ kA eka rAstA aba taka 'nATAniyoM kA rAstA' kahalAtA hai / nATAniyoM kI prasiddha havelI bhI usI rAste meM hai| usa galI meM aneka nATAniyoM ke ghara haiN| bAlamukuMda nATAnI mahArAja jayapura ke dIvAna the aura usI AdhAra para bahuta se nATAnI aba bhI 'dIvAnajI' kahalAte haiN| inameM zrI sItArAmajI nATAnI se merI bahuta sI bAteM huiiN| ina bAtoM ke prAdhAra para aisA lagatA hai ki jina bAlamukuMda kA kavi ne apane grantha meM varNana kiyA hai aura jo kavi ke bhAI likhe gaye haiM ve jayapura ke prasiddha dIvAna bAlamukuMda hI haiM """"""""bAlamUkanda ko bhaiyaa| donoM kA samaya milAne para bAta bahuta-kucha mela khAtI hai| eka bAta aura bhI socane kI hai| apanA paricaya dete samaya kavi yA lekhaka apane pitA ke nAma kA ullekha karate haiN| bhAI ke nAma kA ullekha vizeSa paristhiti meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| kavi dvArA apanA paricaya bAlamukuMda ke bhAI ke rUpa meM denA isa bAta ko pramANita karatA hai ki ye bAlamukuMda avazya hI koI prasiddha vyakti the / kavi ke khaNDelavAla hone meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nhiiN| saba se pahalA pramANa to

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adhyAya 2 --- rIti - kAvya goviMda kavi vRndAvana meM guru-caraNoM meM baiTha kara rAdhAkRSNa ke padoM ko vaMdanA karate hue kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM kA nirUpaNa karate the| inake graMthoM kA matsya pradeza meM bahuta pracAra thA / hamAro khoja meM rAjabhavana pustakAlayoM meM 'goviMdAnaMdaghana' kI kaI pratiyA~ prApta huii| briTena ke pustakAlayoM meM bhI eka prati dekhI thii| rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna ke pustakAlaya meM eka prati hai| inake gurudvAre vRdAvana meM to inake graMthoM kI kaI-eka pratiyA~ saMgraha rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| inake anya grathoM ke nAma haiM (1) yugala rasamAdhurI, (2) rAmAyaNa sUcanikA, (3) kaliyugarAnau, (4) lachimanacaMdrikA, (5) samaya prabaMdha, (6) aSTadeza, (7) piMgala graMtha, (8) rasika goviMda Adi / 'goviMdAnavadhana' meM kAvya ke vividha aGgoM kI vyAkhyA bar3e spaSTa rUpa meM ko gaI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM svaracita chaMda hI nahIM, anya kajiyoM ke chaMda bhI die gae haiN| mImAMsA ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie gadya kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai aura kahIM kahIM to praznottara ke rUpa meM vivecana bahuta hI sApha ho jAtA hai / viSaya-pratipAdana meM aneka prAmANika granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'rasa-nirU (10 36 kI TippaNI kA zeSa aMza ) inakA nATAnI gotra hai jo jayapura meM khaNDelavAloM ke atirikta aura kahIM nahIM miltaa| aura nizcaya rUpa se kavi kA janma jayapura meM huA thaa| jayapura janama jugala pada sevI, nitya vihAra gavaiyA / zrI harivyAsa prasAda pAya bhau vRndA vipina vasaiyA / / isa saMbaMdha meM pustaka kA racanA kAla bhI kucha saMketa detA hai --- vasu sara vasu sasi abda 1858 ravi dina paMcamI basaMta / aAja bhI basaMta paMcamI ko khaNDelavAla vaizya bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiN| barelI, AgarA, bharatapura, alavara, jayapura, khaNDelA, dausA Adi sthAnoM meM, jahAM khaNDelavAloM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, yaha dina utsava ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| jayapura meM to isa dina gaMgAmahArAnI ke mandira meM vizeSa utsava hotA hai| vahAM kA sArA kArya basaMta se hI prArambha hotA hai| yahAM ke khaNDelavAla vaizyoM kI prasiddha saMsthA hitakAriNI' kA vArSika adhivezana, nava padAdhikAriyoM kA nirvAcana Adi kArya isI dina hote haiM / ataeva nATAnI gotra meM utpanna khaNDelavAla vaizya goviMda kavi ne isI zabha dina meM apane bhatIje zrI nArAyaNa ke lie yaha sundara pustaka likha kara pradAna kii| beTA bAla mukaMda ko zrI nArAyaNa nAma / racyau tAsu hita graMya yh.............||

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena paraNa' prakaraNa dekhie atha rasa - nirUpaNaM anya jJAna rahita jo AnaMda so rasa / prazna - anya jJAnarahita yAnaMda to nidrA hU hai / uttara- nidrA jar3a hai, yaha caitanya hai bharata prAcAraja sUtrakAra ko mata-vibhAva anubhAva saMcArI bhAva ke saMjoga pragaTa hoya so rasa milAie 'vibhAvAnubhAva vyabhicAri saMyogAdrasa niSpatiH, kauM atha kAvyaprakAsa ko mata - kAraNa kAraja sahAyaka haiM je loka meM ina hI nATya meM kAvya meM vibhAva anubhAva saMcArI bhAva saMjJA hai / pragaTa hoi jo sthAyI bhAva so rasa / inake saMyoga taiM atha sAhitya-darpana kau mata soraThA - satva visuddha abhaMga sva prakAsa prAnaMda cita / anya jJAna nahi saMga brahmA svAda sahodarasu || milAie - satvodrekAdakhaNDastra prakAzAnanda cinmaya | vedyAntara sparzazUnyo brahmA svAda sahodaraH // sAhityadarpaNa - tRtIya pariccheda 2 atha abhinavagupta pAdAcarja ko tatva lakSaNa rasikani kecitta meM pramudAdi kAraNa rUpa karikeM // vAsanA rUpa karikai sthiti || nATya ke kAvya ke viSai bibhAva anubhAva saMcArI bhAva sAdhAraNa tA karikai prasiddha | alokika / / se nikari ke pragaTa kInoM huvau / mere zatru ke udAsIna ke mere nahIM satru ke nahIM udAsIna ke nahIM / yA hI taiM sAdhAraNa / jahAM svIkAra parihAra nahIM so sAdhAraNa / sAdhAraNa upAya bali kari kaiM tatachina utapatti bhayau / Ananda svarUpa | viSayAMtara rahita / svaprakAsa apamita jo bhAva / sva svarUpa kI sI nAMhI / nyAro nahI to hU jIva nai viSaya konI huvau / vibhAvAdika kI sthiti jA ko jIvita AnaMda vRtti jAke prANa / prayAna kara sA nyAya kari ke anubhava konai huvau agArI phurata sau / hRdaya meM dharata sau / aMgina kau prAliMgati sau / aura jJAna ko chipAvata sau parabrahma svAda kI tajAvata sau / alaukika camatkAra kareM jo ratyAdi sthAI bhAva so rasa / sau nava vidhi 41 prazna- sAMti kacha kaise I uttara - sAMti kAvya meM kahiyata nATya meM nAhIM yAte / kavi baldeva khaMDelavAla ne bhI apanA graMtha "vicitra rAmAyaNa" basaMta paMcamI ko hI samApta kiyA thA-- traya nama nava sasi samaya meM mAgha paMcamI heta /

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42 adhyAya 2 -rIti-kAvya kavi ne Upara likho sabhI pustakoM kA manana aura anuzIlana kiyA thA, isameM kucha bhI saMdeha nahIM / bharata, mammaTa, vizvanAtha, abhinavagupta Adi coTI ke prAcAryoM ke vicAra dete hue rasa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye pustakeM sAhitya-kSetra meM aAja bhI prAmANika mAnI jAtI haiN| kahIM-kahIM kaThina prasaMgoM ko praznottara ke rUpa meM bhI samajhAyA gayA hai / kAvya zAstra kA jJAna karAne ke lie yaha pustaka bahuta hI upayogI hai| __ ye mahAnubhAva sunI huI bAtoM se hI saMtoSa nahIM karate the| sthAna-sthAna para inakI buddhi kA pUrNa upayoga dekhA jAtA hai, aura kahIM-kahIM mata-pratipAdana meM vicitra uktiyAM bhI dI haiN| zRMgAra ke rasarAjatva kA pratipAdana goviMdajI ina zabdoM meM karate haiMzRMgAra lakSaNaM _ 'zaga' kahiye 'muSya' tA 'pAra' kahiye 'prApti' muSyatA prApti jAhi saba rasAdikani meM hoi so zRgAra / so dubiMdha...............saMyoga, viyoga............isI prakAra se atha saMjoga lakSaNa bilAsI jAhi abalaMvya karike parasapara sevana karai so sNyog| nAikA nAyaka parasapara prAlaMbana / candra caMdana kuhU sandAdi uddIpana / bhU vikSepa kaTAkSAdi anubhAva / Alasa citA lajjA nidrA utkaMThA harSAdika saMcArI bhAva / rati sthAyI bhAva / syAma varNa / zrIkRSNa devatA / savaiyA sakhIna ke pAche alApana teM uha kuMja maiM kyoM hU gaI suSadaina / viloka piyA rasiyA ko naI dulahI subhaI bhaya cakRta naina / laSyau puni tyauM apane tanakauM ati gADai guviMda raha yau rasa taina / bilajjita ha vai kai taba rasa kUjita kUjana ko lagI komala baina / ihAM nAyakA viSayAlaMbana-kuMja uddIpana - rati kUjita anabhAva - lajjA trAsa saMcArI bhAva / rati-sthAyI bhAva / isake atirikta kavi ne lAla, kAsIrAma, siromana, somanAtha, kizora, senApati, ghanasyAma, kavitta 'kAhU ko' Adi ke udAharaNa dekara apane bhAva kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| yaha graMtha parama vilakSaNa hai, kyoMki itanA suMdara aura vidvatApUrNa samAdhAna tathA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa jisameM saMskRta kaviyoM kA prAcAyatva tathA hindI kaviyoM kA kavitva mizrita hai, anyatra milanA saMbhava nhiiN|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 43 ina kavi mahodaya ko jo hastalikhita pustakeM mujhe milIM unameM goviMdAnaMdaghana kI pratiyoM meM 300 se 310 taka patra the| inake dvArA die gae udAharaNoM se patA lagatA hai ki usa samaya taka matsya ke utkRSTa kavi somanAtha kI kAphI prasiddhi ho cukI thii| somanAtha ke aneka udAharaNa diyA jAnA isakA jvalaMta pramANa hai / saMbhava hai, ina mahAnubhAva kA kavi somanAtha ke pAsa AnA jAnA rahA ho aura tabhI inake graMthoM kA matsya meM itanA pracAra bar3hA ho / isa graMtha-ratna meM cA 1. rasa bhAva vibhAva anubhAva sAtvika prathama anubaMdha 285 chaMda 2. nAyakA nAyaka nirUpaNaM dvitIya anubaMdha 248 chaMda 3. dUSaNa ullAsa nirUparaNaM tRtIya baMdha 35 chaMda 4. guNa alaMkAra nirUpaNaM caturtha baMdha 878 chaMda uparyukta varNana se inake prAcAryatva meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / isa pustaka kA vistAra, inakA kAvya zAstra paricaya, kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM kI vivecanAtmaka praNAlI, maulikatA pradarzana, inake prAcAryatva kI ghoSaNA karate haiM / sAtha ho ye eka suMdara kavi bhI haiM / do udAharaNa saMga alI navalI ali kI kara kaMja kI maMtra kalI lai phiraavai| aMga subAsina komala hAsani naina bilAsani maiMna nacAvai / / bhUSana bheda kI kauna kahai dhuni nUpura hI kI kahI nahiM Avai / nRtyati sI gati bAnI vicitrita mitra guviMda ko citta curAve / / ghugharAlI alaka saMvArI aniyArI bhauhaiM , kajarArI AkheM kajarArI matavArI maiM / dhArI sArI jaratArI sarasa kinArI vArI , mAlatI guhI hai bainI kArI saTakArI maiM / bArI baisa rUpa ujiyArI zrI guviMda kahaiM , bArI suranArI naranArI nAganArI maiM / milana bihArI sauM dulArI sukumArI pyArI , baiThI citrasArI kI tivArI suSakArI maiM // matsya pradeza se saMbaMdhita aneka kaviyoM ne suMdara kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| inakI pustakoM ko dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki inameM se bahuta se prAcArya padavI ke adhikArI haiN|

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adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya sarva prathama zivarAma ko hI liijie|' inakI jo eka ho pustaka upalabdha huI hai usI ke AdhAra para inako kavizreSTha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM ho sakatA / usa yuga meM inako usa pustaka para 36,000 ru0 puraskAra rUpa meM AdarapUrvaka diyA gayA thaa| pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai jabahi graMtha pUrana bhayau, tabahi karI bakasIsa / SareM rupaiyA mAMna sauM, dae sahasa chahatIsa // isa puraskRta pustaka kA nAma kavi ne 'navadhA bhakti' likhA hai| racayitA kA nAma 'ziva suvaMsa zivarAma kavirAja' likhA gayA hai| pustaka kA pUrA nAma 'navadhA bhakti rAgarasa sAra' hai / pustaka samApta hone kI tithi kavi ne nimna prakAra likhI hai| daMpati rasa muni sasihi dhara, phAguna zudi ravivAra / tithi pUrana pUrana bhayau, bhakti rAga rasa sAra / / sUrajamala kA rAjyakAla saM0 1812 se 1820 vi0 hai, ataeva isa gratha kI racanA unake yuvarAja kAla meM hI huI / isa pustaka meM 5 khaMDa haiM : 1. prathama khaMDa- kavi tathA rAjA ke kula kA varNana Adi / 2. dvitIya khaMDa- sUrajamala kau nagara baMsa sabhA varNana / 3 tRtIya khaMDa- pustaka ke do patra nahIM haiM, viSaya saMdigdha hai| 4. caturtha khaMDa- prema lakSanA / 5. paMcama khaDa- guna astra-zastra varNana / 2 isa hastalikhita pustaka meM 'za' aura 'Na' zaddha rUpa meM likhe gae haiM-'sa' aura 'na' ke rUpa meM nahIM / sthAna-sthAna para saMskRtagabhita bhASA milatI hai jo kavi kI jJAnagarimA aura bhASAzuddhi kA udAharaNa hai| prathama chappaya hI dekhiye gavarinaMda jUtacaMda sakala pAnaMda kNdvr| ekadaMta sobhaMta bhAla caMdana vizAladhara // vighna harana dukhakaTana dharana gaja badana pracaMDana / jagavaMdana budhisadana harSa zivakula jaza maMDana // zivarAma phabita pharasA sukavi, kara trizUla gaNapati dharahi / zrI sujAna graha dina rayana, palu palu palu rakSA karahi // 1 kavirAja zivarAma mahArAja sUrajamala ke pAsa unake yuvarAja kAla se hI rahate the| unake graMtha 'navadhA bhakti rAgarasa sAra' meM 'zrI manmahArAja kumAra zrI sUrajamala' likhA hai| 2 isa meM aneka rAga-rAginiyoM ke rUpa kA varNana hai-jaise 'rAga bilAvala ko ruup|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena saMskRta garbhita bhASA kI chaTA dekheM tvameva nitya maMgalA susiddhi niddhi dAyinI / tvameva dIpa jyoti SaMDa maMDaleza rAyinI // tvameva caMDa muMDa se SaNDa brahma SaMDinI / tvameva vA vAdinI subuddhi nitya dAyinI // sUrajamala kA yaza suna kara ye kavivara unake pAsa zrAye 9 zrI jaduvaMsa sujAna balI ratanAkara se guna caudaha pAye / kIrati hU suni ke zivarAma su sUrajamalla ko dekhane Aye // apane saMbaMdha meM likhate haiM sakuhAbAda parigana kharI daSina disA baSAnauM / paMca kosa tahi teM pArolI jamunA taTa graha mAnauM / tahAM vasata zivarAma kavIzvara dharma karma guna jetA / Adi anAdi hota haiM prAye satajuga dvApara tretA // nagara kumheMra jAni mathurA DhiMga, sUrajamala mahArAjA / navadhA bhakti rAga rasa baranyo, suno tumhAre kAjA // dharma karma soM sadA raho tuma, prema prIti hari sAjA / kavi zivarAma kahata guna barane, udadhi pAra jasa bAjA / / pustaka meM kavi ne apane vaMza kA varNana bhI ke darabAra meM inake vaMzajoM kA mAna thA / vajIra bhI thA / ---- sAhitasAhi alAvadIM, dillIpati ranavIra / boli kahIjaM sarma soM, tuma vajIra gaMbhIra // bhuja pracaMDa nava khaMDa tahi, baDhyau vajIra pratApa / karI kRpA taba sAhijU, daI hAtha kI chApa // yaha pustaka kumhera meM likhI gaI, isakA bhI pramANa hai / una dinoM sUrajamalajI bhI kumhera meM hI rahate the / ' sUrajamalla sujAna kau, pura kumhera zubhathAna / kachu mizrita varNana karacau, rAjabhoga prabajAna // ka - yauna isa graMtha kA prAraMbha samaya saMvat 1735 vi0 hai / mathurA se 22 mIla kI dUrI para / kiyA hai / saMbhavata: alAuddIna aura unameM se koI bAdazAha kA 2 'ra' kA milAnA dekheM "cau" ! saMvat satraha se barasa, aru paiMtIsa baSAna / mAgha mAsa sita aSTamI, bAra barani gura pAni // 45

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adhyAya 2 rIti-kAvya taba graMtha ko janma bhava, karai kavitta sa tIni / daye graMtha ke Adi hI, jAnahu parama pravIna / / ina kavirAja kA varNana pramukha rUpa se rAgoM kA hai| chahoM rAgoM ke nAma batAte hue inakA kahanA hai prathama rAga 1 bhairava kahauM, 2 mAla koza 3 hiMDola / 4 dIpaka puni 5 zrI rAga zubha, 6 megharAga zubha bola / / ina eka-eka rAga ke 8 putra aura 5 striyAM haiM aura una kA gAyana samaya ke anusAra hotA hai - eka eka ke pATha suta, pAMca bhArajA mAna / apane apane ritu samaya, gAvata catura sujAna / / bhairava rAga kI pAMca striyoM ke nAma sunie--- 1 baMgAlI aru 2 bhairavI, 3 velA 4 valI pramAna / 5 punya snehA bhArajA, bhairava rAga sujAna / / aba pAThoM putra bhI dekhiye 1 baMgAlI zubha rAga su 2 paMcama jAliye / 3 madhura rAga 4 dezASa 5 suharSa bakhAniye / 6 lalita rAga zubha jAna " bilAvala mAni jiya / pai hAM 8 mAdhava rAga sakala suta jonilaya / rAga bilAvala kA svarUpa bhI dekha lIjiye-- tana meM kisorI bhorI gorI gorI rAja vara , candrakAnta candrikA ujArI jAko ghara meN| pIya soM saMketa pAya dayAvaMta pUrI bharI , bhUSana ananta mani bhUSana se ghara meM / nIlaja kamala kAnti bhAMti bhAMti deha dipai , bAra bAra musakAta zazi rAta bhara meM / aiMDa soM aiDAta kachu aMcala ur3Ata ura , nAgarI 'vilAvala' saroja liye kara meM / / gaune cali AI naI dulahI muhAga bharI, bhAvabharI beli subarana kI subhorI sii| kahai zivarAma rati maMdira loM lAI sakhI, bAtana lagAya guna ganana kI gaurI sI // dekha bhajati pyAre gahi lInI dauri caMcalA sI , tA samai tihArI bhaI pyArI gati aurI sii|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kaMpata nasata kumhalAnI akulAnI parI , kehari kI kaurI meM kuraMga kI karaurI sI // isI prakAra sabho rAgoM ke svarUpa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| pustaka ke nAma se hI pustaka kA viSaya jJAta hotA hai| 1 navadhA bhakti 2 rAga 3 rasa-ina saba kA sAra ata: 'navadhA bhakti rAga rasa sAra' nava prakAra ko bhakti ke bAre meM bhI kavi kI ukti dekheM 1 stravana sunata pulakita hRdaya nayana dravata jaladhAra / 2 kIraMtana vAnI ki hita gada gada mudA bidAra // 3 samarana tere maMtra tana praphulita saba aMga aMga / 4 parasa bana abhirAma chavi caDhe supAni raMga / / 5 aracana teM aAnaMda rati vaMdana vihacala dIna / 6 7 darasaMtana utsava surasa pragaTa sakhA sukha lIna // 8 6 Atma nivedana riddhi siddhi mana vaMchita soI sAtha / navadhA vidhi zivarAma kavi car3he prema harihAtha // navadhA bhakti subhAva yaha sakala siddhi ko sAru / varana siMdhu saMsAra tai lahai supAvai pAru / / navadhA bhakti hiye dharahu sUraja mala nihasaMka / prIti rASi zivarAma sauM jaise nava ko aNk||2 kavi ne kaI sthAnoM para saMskRta ke zlokoM ko prayoga bhI kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 14 prakAra ke kAyastha dekhie 1 naigamA 2 mAthurA 3 gaurA 4 mADIra 5 vallabhIstathA / 6 zrIvAstavya 7 nAgara zcaiva 8 sUryoca 6 saksenayaH / / 10 saMbharI 11 saMbharazcaiva 12 kulazreSTha 13 cunAhakaH / 14 ahiSTAnaka kAyasthA ete caturdaza smRtAH // 1 yahAM bhakti ke 8 prakAra batAye gaye haiM-1 zravaNa 2 kIrtana 3 smaraNa 4 sparza 5 arcana 6 vadana 7 dAsatva 8 utsava ha praatm-nivedn| 2 kavi kA gaNita-jJAna dekhane yogya hai| naukA aMka sarvadA 6 hI rahatA hai, jaise 63, 6-3, 6 576 5+7+-6 = 18, 1+8= 6 / 6 kA kitanA hI guNA kareM aMgoM kA yoga sarvadA 6 hI rhegaa| kavi kA kahanA hai ki sUrajamala kitane hI baDheM kintu zivarAma se eka sI prIti rakheM / puraskAra meM bhI unheM 36,000 rupayA milA thaa| isameM bhI 3+6= 8 kI prIti kA pAlana kiyA gyaa|

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48 adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya usa samaya taka bharatapura rAjya meM kaI nagaroM kA nirmANa ho cukA thA---- govarddhana zrImAnasI gaMgA sobhita paaii| jini pai zrI brajarAja jU kIni kRpA banAI / / puni pUrva desa mathurA vaSAni / puramartha' dakSa dakSiNa sujAni // sinasinI buddha bAr3ava vaSAni / dakSiNa su vaira sobhita suvesa / pUni dIgha mahA uttara sadesa / / isa pustaka meM rAga-rAganiyoM kA jaisA sundara vivecana hai vaisA bahuta kama dekhane meM AtA hai| isa grantha ko hama acchI taraha lakSaNa grantha kI koTi meM le sakate haiM, kyoMki isameM bhakti, rAga aura rasa tInoM kI vizada vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| tInoM ko dekhate hue rAga kI vyAkhyA bahuta uttama dikhAI detI hai / kavi kI kavitA ke aMzoM ko dekhane para mAlUma hotA hai ki ve saMskRta ke bhI paMDita haiM aura unheM gaNita kA bhI jJAna thaa| zivarAma kI bahujJatA meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ve bhakti, rAga, kAvya, gaNita, zAstra, darzana Adi sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the| unakI kavitA kA eka namUnA aura dekhiye jahAM 'nidhi' zabda ke dvArA eka vicitra citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai 1 subhanidhi saMbhunidhi sabhAnidhi sobhAnidhi - sIla kauM salilanidhi saba sukhanidhi ho / devani ko dAnanidhi dInana kau dayAnidhi-prAnanda ko nidhi aru neha navonidhi ho / gunanidhi jJAnanidhi mAna sammAnanidhi jadavasa zrI sajAna sIla kUlanidhi ho| kalAnidhi kelinidhi karana kalyAnanidhi kavi zivarAma kAja rAja kRpAnidhi hau||1 2 rUpanidhi rasanidhi rasani rasikanidhi raura ke harananidhi nidhane ke nidhi ho| veda nidhi vidyA nidhi parama pravIna nidhi vizvanidhi buddhinidhi briddhi siddhinidhi ho / / 1 bharatapura, bharthapura / 2 sinasinI-bharatapura ke jATa rAjAoM kA udgama-sthAna / 8 bharatapura se 30-35 mIla--bayAnA se moTara dvArA mArga / 4 bharatapura kA prasiddha kasbA DIga, jo nizcayapUrvaka dIrgha kA apabhraMza hai|

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46 matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 46 premanidhi prAnanidhi pUrana kRpAlanidhi pragaTa piyUSanidhi nidhina kI nidhi ho / tejanidhi jaitanidhi bhAga zrI sujAna nidhi kavi zivarAma mahArAja jasanidhi ho|| 2 isa pustaka ke par3hane se maiMne nimna niSkarSa nikAle2 1. zivarAma kI kavitA ucca koTi kI hai| bhASA kI svacchatA. alaMkAroM kA prayoga aura zabdoM kA cayana, saba para pUrNa adhikAra dikhAI detA hai| 2. inakI kavitA se bharatapura rAjya kI bahuta sI bAteM mAlUma hotI haiN| sAtha hI inake tathA inake AzrayadAtA ke vaMza-saMbaMdhI bahuta sI bAtoM kA jJAna hotA hai| 3. kavi kI bahujJatA meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / ve hindI tathA saMskRta donoM bhASAoM ke pUrNa paMDita the| bhakti, rAga aura rasa tInoM kA sAra eka hI sthAna para upasthita karanA isakA prabala pramAgA hai / 4. rAga-rAginiyoM kA bahuta hI vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| unake nAmoM kI ginatI hI nahIM kI gaI varan usakA pUrNa svarUpa, kuTumbaparivAra sahita upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kAvya aura gAyana donoM taraha se yaha eka uttama prayAsa hai| 1 sUrajamala kA dUsarA nAma 'sujAnasiMha' bhI thaa| inheM sUjA, sujAna, sUraja, surajamala, sUrajamalla Adi aneka nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| 2 kavi zivarAma ko lakSaNakAra aura prAcArya mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI nahIM dikhAI detii| sAtha hI ye eka uttama koTi ke kavi bhI the| cAMdanI kA citraNa dekheM... nabha surasari kI lahari laharati kidhauM , chIranidhi choTA chiharati chavi chAI hai / rAmarUpa raMjita ke rAvaTI sudhAri kidhauM , phaTika mahala bhUmi pArasI banAI hai| pUri ke kapUra pUri caMdana kI cUri vyauma , pArada tuSAra kI buSArI viSarAI hai| kInoM tAsa prAsana nisAM vilAsa cAMdanI ki , caMda aru cAMdanI kI cAdara bichAI hai| isa chaMda meM unake mitra 'rAmarUpa' kA nAma AtA hai| wm

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adhyAya 2-rIti-kAvya jaba kavi zivarAma sarajamala ke pAsa rahate the, lagabhaga usI samaya unake bhAI pratApasiMhajI' ke pAsa do atyaMta ucca koTi ke kavi aura prAcArya rahate the| inake nAma haiM somanAtha aura klaanidhi| somanAtha kA nAma hindI kAvya-sAhitya meM atyaMta prasiddha hai / jaba rItikAla ke prAcAryoM kA varNana AtA hai taba mAthura kavi somanAtha kA varNana avazya milatA hai / hindI ke prArambhika itihAsoM meM bhI somanAtha kA nAma diyA gayA hai / somanAtha kA 'rasa-pIyUSanidhi' nAma kA eka sarvAMgapUrNa grantha hai| jisa prakAra govinda kavi kA 'govindAnaMdaghana', deva kA 'kAvyarasAyana', dAsa kA 'kAvya-nirNaya', pratApa sAhi kA 'kAvya vilAsa', sUrati mizra kA 'kAvyasiddhAnta' prAdi grantha haiM usI prakAra somanAtha ke 'rasapIyUSanidhi' meM kAvya ke sampUrNa aMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| inake isa parama prasiddha grantha meM 22 taraMgeM haiM aura pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai- . 'iti zrI manmahArAja kuvAra zrI paratApasiMha heta kavi somanAtha viracate rasapiyUSanidhau arthAlaMkAra saMsRSTa saMkara alaMkAra varananaM nAma dvAvisatitamastaraMgA 22 / ' ye bAIsa taraMgeM isa prakAra haiM 1 rAjakula varananaM, 1 badanasiMhajI ke kaI putra the| inameM do bahuta hI pratApI the 1. sUrajamala---jo kumhera meM rahA karate the| 2. pratApasiMha-jinakA nivAsa sthAna vaira thaa| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ina sthAnoM kA pUrA adhikAra ina rAjakumAroM ko milA huA thaa| vaira meM pratApasiMha jI ke vaMzaja abhI taka haiM aura vaira vAle rAjAjI kahalAte haiM / inameM se kaI se merA paricaya hai kintu paricaya hone para bhI koI sAhitya upalabdha nahIM ho sakA / kahA jAtA hai ki ina logoM ke pAsa kAphI mUlyavAna sAmagrI hai / 2 inake bahuta se granthoM kA nAma hamane sunA thaa| khoja meM nimna grantha mile1. dhruvavinoda 6. saMgrAmadarpaNa 2. mahAdeva kI vyAhulo 7. vRjeMdravinoda 3. sujAnavilAsa 8. rAsapaMcAdhyAyI 4. rasapIyUSanidhi 9. zazinAthavinoda 5. premapacIsI 10. rAmAyaNa ke anuvAda inake granthoM se yaha bhI patA lagatA hai ki ye kucha dinoM navAba Ajama khAM ke Azraya meM bhI rahe the, aura vahAM raha kara inhoMne 'navAbollAsa' nAma kA eka grantha aura likhA hai| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAra inheM deva, dAsa, zrIpati Adi kI koTi meM rakhate haiN|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 2 kavikula varananaM, 3 guru laghu ganAgana mAtrA varana prastAra naSTa udaSTa meru markaTI patAkA varananaM, 4 mAtravali varananaM, 5 varNa vRtya, 6 sabdArtha, 7 dhvani bheda rasa lachanaM raMga svAmI, 8 svakIyA bheda, 6 parakIyA sAmAnyA, 10 mAnamocana varanana, 11 kRSNAbhisArikA, 12 uttamAdi nAikA, 13 nAikA darsana dRSTAnurAga ceSTA, 14 hAva varananaM, 15 dasA varananaM, 16 rasa dhvani, 17 asaMlakSyakrama vyaMgi dhvani, 18 dhvani, 16 madhyama kAvya gunIbhUta vyaMgi, 20 kAvya doSa varananaM, 21 kAvya guNa alaMkAra varananaM, 22 arthAlaMkAra saMsRSTa saMkara alaMkAra varananaM, usa samaya kI pracalita paddhati ke anusAra ina bAIsa taraMgoM meM kAvya ke sampUrNa aMgoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| taraMga pATha se pandraha taka nAyikA bheda se saMbaMdhita haiN| pichalI 6 taraMgeM vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya haiM kyoMki inameM kAvyaprakAza Adi granthoM kI chAyA dikhAI detI hai| hamArI khoja meM isa grantha kI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM upalabdha huIM jinase patA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha kAphI pracalita thaa| grantha kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "zrI gaNezAya namaH / atha rasapiyUSanidhi liSyate / chappaya siMdhura badana anaMda caMda siMdUra bhAla dhara / eka daMta dutivaMta buddhi nidhi aSTa siddhivara /

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adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya mada jala zravata kapola guMjarati caMcarIka gana / caMcala zravana anUpa thoda' tharakata mohati mani / / sura nara muni barana ta jori kari guna anaMta imi dhyAyacita / sasinAtha 2 naMda AnaMda kari jaya jaya zrI gaNanAtha nita / / kavi ne bharatapura ke rAjakula kA varNana itihAsa kI dRSTi se yathAvat kiyA hai / inake anusAra bhI badanasiMhajI ke do putra bahuta gauravazAlI the| sUrajamala rAja-kArya meM adhika bhAga lete the rAjakAja karatA bar3e sUrajamalla udaar| pratApasiMhajI sUrajamala ke choTe bhAI the aura kaviyoM ke lie kalpavRkSa ke samAna the| inake darabAra meM aneka kavi rahate the| somanAtha bhI inhoM ke darabAra meM the| apane AzrayadAtA kA varNana karate hue inakA kahanA hai bAhuvalI tinake anuja, zrI paratApa sujAna / dharama dhuraMdhara jagata meM, moja bhoja paramAna / / samajha kumara paratApa ko, nipuna rAja ke kAja / diyau vairi gar3hi haraSa ke, badana siMha mahArAja // apane AzrayadAtA kI prazaMsA karane meM somanAtha ne usa samaya kI pracalita praNAlI kA anugamana kiyA hai jisake anusAra zAzcayadAtA meM sampUrNa guNoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI thI aura rAjadhAno ko indrapurI ke samAna samajhA jAtA thaa| pratApasiMhajI ke darabAra meM bahuta se guNI loga rahate the aura vaira ke rAjA kI udAratA kA upabhoga karate the| pratApasiMha vIra bhI the| usa samaya ke lie 1 sthAnIya prayoga, artha hai - 'moTA pett'| 2 kavi ke aneka nAma milate haiM-somanAtha, soma, sasi, sasinAtha, nAtha, zazinAtha / 3 vair| 4 vaira kA varNana suMdara saphala cahuM ora darasata bAga araviMda maMDita saravara hmeske| basai cArayoM varana jitayA jaMga jAlama aura rAce prema raMga sAce vacana suvesake / jagamaga gaDha mahA mahala vilaMda mahArAja zrI pratApa mAno udaya dinesake / pAThahU pahara jahAM moda nita nerai hota vaira para vArauM koTi sahara dhanesa ke / / 5 siddha masanaMda paM virAja paratApasiMha bhUSani mayUSani havai jhalakai hulAsa hai| pAche cauMravAre pAche aMvasanivAre prAgai sohata sugandha bhInai sundara SavAsa haiM / / caMha ora saraseM nireza kahi somanAtha hiye meM suhRdasuSa deva ko talAsa hai / Asa pAsa maMDita aSaMDa nIti vAre jahAM paMDita prakAsa vAkavAnI ko vilAsa hai| 6 pratApa kI tega dekhie zaMkara ke aMga sI hai gaMga kI taraMga sI , viraMca ke vihaMgama sI caMda tai udAra sii| (TippaNI kA zeSa aMza Age ke pRSTha meM hai)

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ka dena yaha Avazyaka thA ki koI bhI rAjA yuddha ke liye sarvadA prastuta rahatA thaa| chiraurA vaMza meM utpanna kavi somanAtha pratApasiMha jaise AzrayadAtA ko pAkara kRtArtha ho gae aura apanI vANI kA pUrNa upayoga kiyaa| inake gnanthoM se vidita hotA hai ki kavi ne apanI buddhi kA upayoga aneka kSetroM meM kiyA aura sAhitya ke vividha aMgoM kI pUrti sundara rUpa meM kii| isa grantha meM kavi ne apane vaMza kA varNana bhI kiyA hai aura apane lie likhA hai somanAtha tinako anuja, saba teM nipaTa ajAna / yaha dekhane kI bAta hai ki jahAM rItikAlIna kavi apanI prazaMsA ke pula bAMdha dete the aura apanI buddhi tathA kAvya-cAturya kI prazaMsA karate aghAte nahIM the, vahAM somanAtha ne apane ko 'saba teM nipaTa ajAna' kaha kara usI aAdarza kA anukaraNa kiyA hai jisake anusAra mahAtmA tulasIdAsa ne apanA paricaya 'kavita viveka eka nahiM more' athavA 'mUDha mati tulasI' kaha kara diyA hai / isa grantha ke praNayana hetu pratApasiMhajI ne svayaM hI kavi ko prAjJA dI thii| kavi likhatA hai su yaha kumara paratApa ko, hukma pAi savilAsa / rasa piyUSa nidhi grantha kau, baranata sahita hulAsa // eka bAra punaH tulasI ke anukaraNa para saMta aura asantoM ke caraNoM kI baMdanA karate hue kavi somanAtha kahate haiM sajjana durjana kI sadAM, sahasa gunI paranAma / dayA kIjiyau dIna laSi, somanAtha ko nAma / / sabase pahale kavi 'piMgala' kA prakaraNa lete haiM kyoMki unakA kahanA hai chaMda rIti samajhe nahIM, bina piMgala ke jJAna / piMgala mata tAtai prathama, raciyata sahita sayAna / / (pa0 52 kI TippaNA kA zeSa aMza ) sAradA chavitra sI anaMta mitra mitra sI , suresa Atapatra sI nachatra kI ktaarsii| bAhuvalI baSata bilaMda paratApasiMgha , kiti tuva rAja imi thirA ke siNgaarsii| rUpa ke pahArI amaMda chIra ghaarsii| piyUSa pArAvAra sI satoguna ke sArasI /

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adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya aba piMgala ke savistAra nirUpaNa kI ora agrasara hote haiM piMgala kI mata niriSa ke nAtha' kahai pahicAna / tadanantara ve 'sapta mAtrA prastAra svarUpa prasaMga' ko lete haiM prathamahi guru tara laghu liGga, grAgai varana sarUpa / je abaseSa su guru liSai, yaha prastAra anUpa / / isake pazcAt 'paMca varana prastAva svarUpa kA varNana hai, phira sapta mAtrA prastAra ke 21 yoga batAye haiN| paMcamAtrA ke 32 yoga batAye haiN| paMca mAtrA ke . 32 yoga batAye gaye haiN| 'gaNa' kI vyAkhyA varga-praNAlI se kI gaI hai jisase sArI bAteM eka sAtha spaSTa ho jAtI haiN| phira tIna meru kI bAta batAI hai / chandoM kA varNana ucca zreNI kA hai kintu imameM kucha ulajhAvaTa sI yA jAtI haiN| chandoM ke prakaraNa meM kavi kI pratibhA dikhAI par3atI hai aura chandoM saMbaMdhI varNana kAphI acchA hai| AvazyakatAnusAra chandoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karane meM aneka praNAliyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| mAtrA markaTI ke svarUpa ko bhI vargAkAra rUpa meM samajhAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kAvya ke vibhinna prasaMgoM ko vistRta vyAkhyA ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne mammaTa ke kAvyaprakAza para adhika dhyAna diyA hai aura pustaka kI pichalI taraMgoM meM dhvani-prakaraNa vistAra ke sAtha samajhAyA gayA hai| rasa, nAyaka-nAyikA zrAdi prasaMgoM ko bhI sundaratA ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA ko adhika spaSTa banAne ke lie gadya kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA / vIbhatsa kA udAharaNa lIjie itahI pracaMDa raghunaMdana udaMDa bhuja , utai dasakaMTha bar3hi pAyau ruDa DAri ke| somanAtha kahai rana maMDyau phara maMDala meM , nAcyo rudra zoNita soM aMgani pakhAri kai / / meda gUda carabI kI kIca macI medanI meM , bIca bIca DoleM bhUta bhairoM muMDa dhAri ke| cAina sau caMDikA cabAta caMDa muMDana ko , daMta sau aMtani cacore kilakAri ke // 2 gadya meM vyAkhyA ___ 'ihAM caMDikA aura deSani vAro AlaMbana vibhAva, aura Atani ko 1 somanAtha / 2 'rasa dhvani' 16vAM taraMga-rasa pIyUSanidhi /

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55 matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena cacoravau udIpana vibhAva aura deSana vAre ke bacana anubhAva aura asayA saMcArI bhAva inatai glAni sthAyI bhAva vyaMgi tAtai vIbhatsa rasa / ' isa prakAra rasa ke cAroM aMgoM ko batAte hue prAcArya somanAtha ne ukta chaMda meM vIbhatsa kI pratiSThA kI hai| nAyikA varNana meM kavi pracalita praNAlI se pIche nahIM rhtaa| parakoyA ko dekhie suSa pAvati jyauM tuma tyauM hamahU , kabahuMka to bhUli itaivo krau| duri dUra hI dUra raho anate , chinase nisa dyauma vitaivI krau|| cita daika sujAna sunau sasinAtha , saneha kI rIti jitavau kro| aSiyAMna kI tApa ritavau karo, suratI musakyAi citevau kro||1 aura yaha kRSNAbhisArikA mragamadasAra saba aMgani lagAyau pAchai , atara basAyau nIla aMbara . udAra meM / chora dInI veMnI kasI kaMcukI tanenI kari , peMnI karI DITha ati aMjana ke DhAra meM / / somanAtha kahaiM yoM siMgAri saji caMdamuSI , chipakai sidhArI rajanI ke abhisAra meM / kachU na samhAri TUTe maninike hAra, karI madana sumAri mana naMda ke kuvAra meM / / 2 thor3A 'hAva' aura dekha lIjie phira isa prasaMga ko banda kareMge prAta uThI araviMdamuSI nisi ke kari keli kalAni sauM paagii| pArasI herati hI ura mAMjha ayAna chaTA su niraMtara jAgI / / cAru kapolani meM jhalakI dUti kAna ke mAnika teM raMga raagii| jAni ke pIka lakIra lagI su gulAba ke nIra sauM dhovani lAgI / / kavi ne sabhI prasaMgoM ko spaSTa banAne ke lie svaracita aura upayukta udAharaNa die haiN| kAvya-guNa alaMkAra vAlI taraMga meM aneka prAkRtiyAM, varga, khAne, citra Adi haiN| maMtrI gati, azvagati, tripadI, urhana tArA, dhanurvadhacitra, gatAgata 1 'parakIyA sAmAnyA' navama taraMga-rasa pIyUSa nidhi / 2 'kRSNAbhisArikA' ekAdaza trNg|

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56 citra, caraNagupta Adi ko citroM dvArA manohara praNAlI meM hRdayaMgama karAyA gayA hai / maMtrI gati citra svarUpa dekhie X pratyeka paMkti meM 'hI' 'na' 'ta' kI do-do bAra prAvRtti huI hai, sAtha hI pratyeka paMkti meM laghu guru kA krama barAbara calA hai / 4. antima bAIsavIM taraMga bahuta bar3I hai kyoMki isameM alaMkAra-prakaraNa hai / zabdAlaMkAra ke atirikta anya sabhI alaMkAroM kA isI taraMga meM nirUpaNa huA hai / isa taraMga meM 303 chaMda haiM jinameM se 267 chaMda arthAlaMkAroM kI paribhASA, udAharaNa aura vyAkhyA meM likhe gae haiN| isa prakaraNa kA nirvAha bahuta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kAvyaprakAza ke antima ullAsa meM alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa hai usI prakAra isa grantha meM bhI antima taraMga kA upayoga alaMkAroM ko spaSTa karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai / kAvyaprakAza meM ullAsoM kI saMkhyA 10 hai zrIra somanAthajI ke pIyUSanidhi meM 22 taraMgeM haiM kintu ina bAIsa taraMgoM ko kAvyaprakAza ke 10 ullAsoM meM bhalo prakAra biThAyA jA sakatA hai / prathama do taraMga paricayAtmaka haiM tathA 8 taraMga 15 taraMga taka nAyikA varNana hai, ataeva ina taraMgoM ko chor3a kara bAkI taraMgeM isa prakAra biThAI jA sakatI hai 5. 6. ka hI mu na vA ta ga hI u na tA ta uhI ra na dhA sa hI ma ta na hI bina sA ta na pAM u hI pra na dA ta na pA ta u hI suna grA ta khA ta ta ja hI va na hI gra na ma hI ba sa hI ba na ta ti hI bana jA yahI dina rA ta ca hI pana pA ta ya hI guna gA dahI tina na khA ta khA ta bA ta 1. kAvyaprakAza kA prathama ullAsa 2. dvitIya 3. tRtIya caturtha paMcama SaSTham " 23 17 33 " adhyAya 2 rIti-kAvya "" " - " " ta 11 poSanidhi taraMga 3 33 " 11 " " 6, 7 60 16, 18 17, 16 16

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena rasapIyUSa nidhi taraMga 7. kAvya prakAza ullAsa saptam aSTam 21 navam 10. , dazam . kAvya prakAza meM chaMda-nirUpaNa tathA nAyikA bheda nahIM hai kintu rasapIyUSanidhi meM yaha prasaMga bhI zAmila kara lie ge| pahalI kucha taraMgeM aura bIca kI ATha taraMgeM ina prasaMgoM ke lie kAma meM lAI gaI haiN| isa prakAra yaha grantha sarvAMgapUrNa hai aura kAvya ke sabhI prasaMgoM kA sundara vivecana eka hI sthAna para upalabdha hai / isa grantha kA prakAzana kavi ke hI zabdoM meM 1764 vi0 hai satraha sauM caurAnavAM, saMvat jeTha supAsa / kRSNa pakSa dazamI bhRgU bhayo grantha parakAsa / / yaha pustaka kAphI bar3I hai, aura isameM prayukta kavitA kA stara bho kAphI U~cA hai| kahIM-kahIM kucha doSa bhI dikhAI dete haiM jo adhikatara lipi se saMbaMdhita haiM / ho sakatA hai ye azuddhiyAM lipikAra ke kAraNa hI A gaI hoN| yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindI sAhitya meM matsya pradeza ke ina mahAkavi kA sthAna kavitva aura prAcAryatva kI dRSTi se bahuta U~cA hai| kalAnidhi' nAma ke eka utkRSTa kavi bhI pratApasiMhajI ke darabAra meM the| somanAtha aura kalAnidhi ne mila kara sampUrNa rAmAyaNa kA hindI anuvAda kiyA thA, aisA kahA jAtA hai| hameM hamAro khoja meM kucha kANDa mile jinake AdhAra para anuvAda vAlI bAta satya pratIta hotI hai| rotigranthoM ke sambandha meM kalAnidhi ke do grantha prApta hue 1. zRMgAra mAdhurI 2. alaMkAra kalAnidhi 1 kavi kalAnidhi ke saMbaMdha meM aneka bAteM sunane aura par3hane ko miliiN| 'mizrabandhu vinoda' meM tIna kalAnidhi diye gae haiM 1. kRSNa kalAnidhi naM0 612 para saM0 182. 2. kalAnidhi naM0 662 para saM0 1807 3. lAla kalAnidhi naM0 1017 para saM0 1907 kintu inakI pustakoM kA adhyayana karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki ye tInoM eka hI kalAnidhi 1. tInoM kA samaya 1807se 1820 kA mAnA gayA hai|

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adhyAya 2 -- rIti-kAvya [ pRSTha 57 kI TippaNI kA zeSa ] 2. nAmoM ke prAdhAra para- tInoM nAmoM meM kalAnidhi zabda sammilita hai| isa bAta kA nirAkaraNa isa tathya se ho jAtA hai ki inakA nAma 'zrI kRSNa bhaTTa' thA aura 'kalAnidhi' saMbhavataH inakI upAdhi thii| ye mahAzaya kahIM kevala apanA nAma likhate the jaisA naM01 para, kahIM upAdhi athavA upanAma rakhate the jaisA naM02 para, kahIM-kahIM apane nAma kA antima graMza 'lAla' kalAnidhi ke sAtha joDa kara lAla kalAnidhi bana jAte the jaisA naM03 pr| ina tInoM nAmoM ko sAdhAraNa rUpa se dekhane para bhI inameM koI vibhinnatA pratIta nahIM hotii| 3. granthoM meM pAI gaI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para zRMgAramAdhurI meM likhA haihukama pAya nRpa ko sukavi, sakala kalAnidhi lAla / yaha zRMgAra rasa mAdhurI, kInhauM grantha rasAla // aura usI grantha meM likhA hai - saMvat satraha sau barasa, unahattara ke saal| sAvana sudi pUnyau sudina, racyo graMtha kavi lAla / / rAmagItam ke aMta meM likhA hai zrIkRSNana kalAnidhinA kavinaivaM / kathitamupAsana vidalita devaM / / yuddha kANDa meMbraja cakravarti kumAra guna ganagahara sAgara jaanii| zrI rAmacaraNa saroja ali paratApa siMha viraajii|' tehi heta rAmAyaNa manohara kavi kalAnidhi ne racyo / taha yuddha kANDa vayAsi meM puni iMdrajita garjana macyo / Upara die gae avataraNoM meM 'kalAnidhi' nAma kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya pAyA hai| khoja karane para patA lagatA hai ki ye mahAzaya pratApasiMhajI ke darabAra meM bahuta samaya taka rahe the aura unhIM ke saMgraha meM ye pustakeM bhI thiiN| 4. racanA kI ekatA- kavi kalAnidhi ke nAma para prApta hone vAle granthoM kA adhyayana karane para kAvya kA eka-sA stara milatA hai| inakA rAmAyaNa kA anuvAda karanA, rAmagItam kI racanA, tatsam zabdoM kA prayoga isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki ye saMskRta ke paMDita the aura ina aneka granthoM kA racayitA eka hI honA caahiye| 5. vaira se saMbaMdhita logoM kA bhI yahI kahanA hai ki 'kalAnidhi' nAma ke kavi jo vaira vAle pratApasiMhajI ke darabAra meM the, eka ucca koTi ke kavi tathA paMDita the aura unakI aneka racanAoM se matsya pradeza vibhUSita huaa| unakA kalAnidhi nA sarvatra pracalita pAyA gayA /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena ye donoM grantha bharatapura Ate samaya kavi ke pAsa the, aura inakA pracAra tathA sammAna yatheSTa mAtrA meM huA / bharatapura rAjya ke prAzrita hone ke nAte hI hama kalAnidhi ke ina granthoM ko matsya ke ataMrgata lete haiN| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki bharatapura ke mahArAja kumAra pratApasiMhajo ne kavi ke kAvyatva ko vikasita karAne kA suavasara pradAna kiyaa| usa jamAne meM kavigaNa prAzrayadAtA kI khoja meM idhara-udhara jAyA karate the| mahAkavi deva ko to koI acchA prAzrayadAtA hI nahIM mila pAyA / saMbhava hai ki kalAnidhi bhI kaI sthAnoM para gae hoMge kintu yaha bAta nirvivAda sI mAlUma hotI hai ki inakA adhika samaya vaira meM hI vyatIta huA, aura vahIM raha kara inhoMne apane jIvana kA saba se bar3A kAma-bAla, yuddha aura uttara kANDoM kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyaa| prastuta donoM pustakeM- zRMgAramAdhuro aura alaMkArakalAnidhi, bharatapura meM nahIM likhI giiN| pahalo pustaka bUMdI ke rAjA buddhasiMhajo ke lie likhI gaI thI, aura dUsarI mahArAja bhogIlAla ke lie / ' 1 kalAnidhi ke aura bhI kaI grantha khoja meM mile 1. upaniSadsAra--mANDUkya, kena Adi upaniSadoM kA gadya anuvAda / 2. durgA mAhAtmya-teraha taraMgoM meM durgAsaptazati kA anuvAda / 3. rAmagItam-gItagoviMda praNAlI para likhA graMtha / saMskRta 1. prazasti muktAvalI / 2. sarasa rasAsvAdaH / 3. vRttmuktaavlii| 4. padyamuktAvalI-prakAzita rA... vi. pr.| 5. IzvaravilAsa-prakAzita rA.prA. vi. pr.| rAmagItam kA uddharaNa bhava bhaya duHkha nivAraNa sukhakAraNa e| bhavati karuNabhavabhAji ! raghuvara rAma rame / / jana kasutA parirambharaNa ghRta sambhrama e / nija-jana-suratarurakha ! raghuvara rAma rame // ye pUstake tathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke tIna kANDoM kA hindI anuvAda isa bAta kA prabala pramANa hai ki kalAnidhi saMskRta ke prakANDa paMDita the| inakI pustakoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki ye mahAzaya bUMdI ke mahArAjA buddhasiMhajI ke yahAM the| ye bhogIlAla ke pAsa bhI gaye aura aMta meM bharatapUra rAjya meM padhAre jahAM vaira ke

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adhyAya 2 -- rIti-kAvya zRMgAra-rasa-mAdhurI ke aMta meM likhA hai 'iti zrI rAvarAjA baddhasiMghajI AjJA pravartaka zrI kRSNa bhaTTa viracitAyAM zRMgAra rasa mAdhuryA SoDasa svAdaH / ' isI prakAra dUsarI pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai 'iti zrImanamahArAja bhogIlAla vacanAjJA pravartaka kavi kovida zrI kRSNa kavi lAlanidhi viracate alaMkAra kalAnidhau rasa-dhvani-nirUpaNaM nAma paMcamo kalA / ' zRgAramAdhurI rAjA buddhasiMha kI prAjJA pAkara likhI gii| kavi ke sAtha yaha kRti bhI bharatapura AI aura pracAra pAkara yahAM ke sAhitya meM sammilita ho gaI / isa pustaka kI hastalikhita prati meM 163 patra haiM aura bahuta suMdara lipi meM likhi huI pUrNa pustaka hai / isameM 16 svAda haiM-zRMgAra kI mAdhurI 16 prakAra ke svAdoM meM cakhAI gaI hai| 1 zRMgAra chaMda saMkhyA 23 2 vibhAva lakSaNa 3 nAyakA bheda varNana 4 darasana lachanaM zRMgAra rasa mAdhurya 5 nAyakA ceSTA varNana 6 bhAva lakSaNa 7 aSTa nAikA varNana 8 vipralaMbha zRMgAra ha mAna lakSaNa 10 mAna mocana [ pRSTha 56 kA zeSa ] zAsaka mahArAjakumAra pratApasiMhajI ne inako bahuta sammAna ke sAtha rkhaa| isa bAta kA kavi ne bhI sthAna-sthAna para saMketa kiyA hai, jaise yuddhakANDa meM braja cakravarti kumAra guna gana gahara sAgara jAnaI , zrI rAmacaraNa saroja ali paratApasiMha virAjaI / iptI nAte kalAnidhi ko matsya pradeza ke kaviyoM meM ginA gayA hai aura inakI pustakoM ko bhI isI dRSTi se yahAM ke sAhitya meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / 1 "zrI kRSNa kavi lAlanidhi" ye sArI bAteM "kalAnidhi" ke sAtha jur3a kara isa kavi ke vyaktitvakI ekatA pramANita kara rahI haiM /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 11 sakhIjana 12 karUnA 13 sakhIjana karma kathA 14 hAsya rasa 15 kavitta vRtti 16 anarasa lakSaNa yaha pustaka zRMgAra rasa se saMbaMdhita prAyaH sabhI viSayoM se pUrNa hai|' pustaka ke prArambha meM bUMdI 'biMdavatI' kA varNana kiyA hai saba bhUpati baMsa sirai avataMsa sadAsiva aMsa nariMdavatI / mahimAnata himmati himmatikI hara kimmati kI hada hiNdvtii| sukha sauM sarasI sarasI sarasI sarasIruha saurabha vdvtii| guNa sauM agarI sagarI nagarI adhirAja birAjata biMdavatI // isa pustaka ke aMta kI paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM---- bAla baMdi patisAhi kauM, hukama pAi bahu bhAi / ko graMtha rasa mAdhurI, sukavi kalAnidhi rAi / saMvata satraha sai varaSa, unahattari ke sAla / sAMvana sudi pUnyauM sudina, racyo graMtha kavi lAla / chatra mahala bUMdI taSata, kori sUra sasi nUra / buddha balI patisAhi ke, kInauM grantha hajUra / / pustaka ke kucha prasaMga dekhienavavadhU aMsI avanI ke mAMhi deSI sunI kahUM nAhi kAhU pUre punyana taiM pAI bhale sauMna maiM / sauMne kI sI charI lAla hIrauM kaisI larI aMga aMga raMga bharI ati Anada ke hauMna maiM / / gauMne AI bhorI guna gorI vijju DorI kisorI barajorI batarAti rahI bhauMna meN| eho nada naMda muSa maMda musikAni bhae korI caMda cAMdanI sI phailI bhauMna bhauMna maiN|| 1 yaha hastalikhita prati bahuta sundara hai / prArambha se aMta taka eka hI prakAra kI spaSTa aura sundara lipi hai| pratyeka pRSTha para cAroM ora kAle, lAla aura pIle raMga kA tiraMgA hAziyA hai|

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adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya siMgAra rasa lakSaNa rati thAI siMgAra rasa, bheda vaSAnahu doi / ina saMbhoga vaSAniyeM, vipralaMbha ika hoi / / anya do apane hI mana meM rahe, laSaM saSI jana taahi| yoM prachanna prakAsa kari, bheda dohi nira vAhi / / mugdhA kauM sayana kori matana korika jatana lahi navalA piya sej| caMcala cita cauMkata rahe. gahai na neka majeja / / athavA kari sauMha sakhI jahaM svAI gaI tihi sejahi pAyo piyA rasa bhiinoN| cauki parI capalA sItahaiM caU ora lakhai cita caina na lInauM / ati cAcari ke curiyAna uhU kara yauM gahyau nIbI kauM lAla nviinii| laiM ati jhUTha manau ravi kauM aribaMdani pAi aliMgana kInau / / mugdhAsurata kAcI kAcI kalina sauM, ali na karau laga lAga / phUlI phUlI mAlatina, jauM lauM rahau parAga / / mugdhA ko mAna karai saSI kI sISa sauM, mugdhA mAnahi hAni / ati ajAna mAnauM nahIM, mAnati pani bhayamAna / / suratAMta varNana dInau jaMgha thaMbhani kauM sarasa dukula kuca kumbhani kauM dInauM hAra Anada vidhAna hai kAnana kauM kuMDala adhara ko tamora dInau, karana kauM kaMkana jugala bhAsamAna hai / / sUrata samara aMta rIjhi rIjhi caMdamukhI jaMga jIti jodhani ko kInauM sanamAna hai| pAchai pari rahyau kuTilAI bharyo kaizapAsa tAkauM puni ucita yoM hI baMdhana vidhAna hai| ernational

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matsya deza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena eka utprekSA bho : pracchanna saMbhoga zRMgAra saMbaMdhita caMcala citauMhI cIra aMcala maiM rAja kuca Upara apAra hAra chavi chaharAta hai| mAnau cAru bhAratI ke dhAra hai anhAta saMbhu tinahI ke sIsa surasarI sarasAti hai / / piyA ko vihita bhAva kapaTa kI bAnI jiya jAnI pahicAnI jAnI jAnati hamArau mana meli bharamAyau hai| xxx pIrI pari AI jhAMI kapolani kahai daiti kahi aja kaise kAma kI rati durAi hai| isa pustaka meM 1. pracalita chaMda-kavitta, savaiyA, dohA aAdi haiM / 2. graMtha racanA meM usa samaya kI pracalita rItikAlIna paripATI kA hI anugamana kiyA gayA hai| 3. zRMgAra rasa ke aneka nagna aura uttejaka varNana haiM jo zRMgAra kAla kI usa kamI ko lie hue haiM jinake kAraNa kAvya kA hrAsa huaa| 4. aneka sthAnoM meM usa samaya ke prasiddha kaviyoM dvArA grahIta praNAlI kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| alaMkAra kalAnidhi- kavi kI dUsarI pustaka hai| durbhAgya se yaha pustaka apUrNa prApta huI hai / ' pustaka isa prakAra AraMbha hotI hai 'gAva rasana ke bheda kahate haiM'-kintu aAzcarya isa bAta kA hai ki jahAM pAMcavIM kalA ke sAtha pustaka milI vahAM patra saMkhyA 1 milI hai jisakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki isI nAma kI kisI bRhadtara pustaka se kucha adhika aAvazyaka aura upayogI prakaraNoM kI pratilipi kI gaI hai| kintu pAMcoM kalAnoM kA eka sAtha milanA eka aura bhI kaThinAI hai| 1 jisa jilda meM alaMkAra kalAnidhi kI hastalikhita pustaka milI usake pahale nAmamaMjarI nAma kI pustaka kA kucha aMza hai jo amarakoSa ke sadRza paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA saMgraha hai| udAharaNa anyatra upalabdha haiM / alaMkAra kalAnidhi kI prathama cAra 'kalA' nahIM miliiN| pustaka pAMcavIM kalA se zurU hotI hai aura navIM kalA taka calatI hai| dasavIM kalA prArambha hone ke sAtha hI pustaka kA agalA bhAga chUTa gayA hai aura isa kalA ke kevala nAma mAtra kA saMketa milatA hai|

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64 adhyAya 2 - rIti - kAvya jo kalAeM milIM ve isa prakAra haiMpaMcamI kalA - rasa dhvani nirUpaNaM / SaSTama kalA - dhvani bheda nirUparaNaM / saptama kalA - guNIbhUta vyaMgya nirUpaNaM / aSTama kalA - zabdArtha citra kAvyoddezonAma / navamI kalA - guNa nirUpaNaM / navama kalA ko prAcIna mata ke anusAra guNa nirUpaNa kahA hai / ina prakaraNoM ke aMtargata prApta sAmagrI ko par3ha kara yaha spaSTa vidita hotA hai 1. yaha aMza, kAvyaguNoM se pUrNa, kavitA kI AtmA se saMbaMdhita hai| 2. rasa aura dhvani kA prasaMga sAtha-sAtha liyA gayA hai| 3. saMskRta ke rIti granthoM kI paraMparA ke anusAra dhvani, guNIbhUta vyaMgya tathA citra kAvya Adi prasaMga lie gae haiN| isI prakAra guNa kA nirUpaNa bhii| isa saMbaMdha meM eka bahuta hI gauravapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki pratApasiMha ke ina donoM kavirAjoM ne kAvya kI AtmA kA vizleSaNa aura vivecana karane kI ora bahuta dhyAna diyaa| nAyaka-nAyikA bheda tathA zRgArI kavitA se ho apane ko sImita nahIM rkhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kaviyoM kA nAma binA kiso saMkoca ke hama AcArya koTi meM rakha sakate haiN| isa pustaka meM kavi ne apane upanAma 'lAla' kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai kavi lAla kahata goviMda sunahu, bhogiya lAla bhuvAla bhuva / tuba sapta dIpa tata Aju suni, ekiti kitta pratApa huva / / navama kalA ke aMta meM kavi apanA nAma 'zrI kRSNa bhadradeva' kahatA hai aura paMcama kalA ke aMta meM 'zrI kRSNa kavi lAla nidhi' kahatA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kavi apane nAma tathA upanAmoM ke prayoga se svayaM hI bahuta kucha bhrama utpanna karatA hai / ina bahuta se nAma aura upanAmoM ko dhyAna se dekhane ke pazcAta hI ina saba nAmoM kI ekatA ke saMbaMdha meM dhyAna gyaa| guNIbhUta vyaMgya kA nirUpaNa dekhie pragaTa apara ko aMga aru, vAcyahi poSaka hoi / kaSTagamya saMdigdha aru, vyaMgya vAkya sama koi / / kAku gamya vAcya aru, ATha hauMhi e bheda / udAharaNa aba baraniye, sunata jAta mana Seda / /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kavitA kI dRSTi se 'lajjA lakSana' bhI gaune kI jAmini sauMne kI beli sI, sauMhanI bhA~ti suhAga sauM saanii| sauMhanI sauM karu SInI visAsa de, 'bhogiyalAla' piyA DhiMga pAnI // bAMha gahai bar3I lAja maiM aMga, sakauri ke bhauMha maraurati tAnI / naina curAi durAi ke anana, iMdrabadhU jyauM badhU sakucAnI / zRMgAramAdhurI tathA alaMkArakalAnidhi donoM rotigraMtha haiN| ina pustakoM kA jo bhAga mila sakA usase ina pustakoM meM rIti-viSaya-pratipAdana ko utkRSTa praNAlI kA AbhAsa milatA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki dUsaro pustaka ke aprApta prakaraNoM meM alaMkAra kA bhI sundara varNana hogA, kyoMki binA isa prasaMga ke isa pustaka ke nAma kI sArthakatA pratipAdita nahIM hotii| jo aMza prApta huyA hai usake AdhAra para hI hama kaha sakate haiM ki kavi ne kAvya ke upayogI sabhI aMgoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / alavara ke rAjAoM meM 'bakhtAvarasiMha' na kevala udAra AzrayadAtA the varan svayaM kavi the aura kaviyoM kA bahuta sammAna karate the| inake darabAra ke eka kavi bhogIlAla ne 'vaSatavilAsa' nAma kA eka lakSaNa-graMtha saMvat 1856 meM likha kara samApta kiyaa| isa pustaka meM nau vilAsa haiM ----- 1. prathama vilAsa rAjavaMsa kavivaMsa varNana maMgalAraMbha Adi chaMda saM040 2. dvitIya vilAsa sthAyI bhAva 3. tRtIya vilAsa vibhAva 4. caturtha vilAsa anubhAva 5. paMcama vilAsa sAtvika 6. SaSTha vilAsa saMcArI bhAva 7. saptama vilAsa navarasa surUpa caturvatti , 142 8. aSTama vilAsa nAyaka varNana 6. navama vilAsa nAyikA varNana " 105 WWKK 5 mahArAva savAI bakhtAvarasiMhajI saMvat 1847 se 1871 vi0 taka alavara ke rAjA rahe / ye bar3e buddhimAna aura rAjanItijJa the| dillI ke bAdazAha zAhapAlama tathA jaipura ke nareza inheM bahuta mAnate the| ye bar3e guNa-grAhaka the aura dUra-dUra ke vidvAna inake darabAra meM Ate the| 2 maMgalAcaraNa se aneka bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai, jaise - 1 AzrayadAtA kA nAmasura nara bAnI paMtha paDhi varanoM grantha visAla / par3hi prasanna hai hai nRpati vaSatAvara bhUpAla / /

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66 adhyAya 2-rIti-kAvya uparyukta vizleSaNa se pragaTa hotA hai ki1. yaha pustaka rasa saMbaMdhI hai aura rasarAja zRMgAra kI dRSTi se nAyaka nAyikA bheda bhI jor3a diyA gayA hai| 2. pustaka kI rUparekhA bahuta vaijJAnika aura saMyata hai a. pahale maMgalAcaraNa, phira prA. rasa ke cAroM aMgoM-sthAyIbhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArobhAva kA nirUpaNa / i. punaH navoM rasa kA svarUpa, aura phira I. nAyaka-nAyikA varNana / 3. pratyeka vilAsa meM pAI gaI chaMdasaMkhyA parama upayukta hai| jisa prakaraNa ko jitanA sthAna milanA cAhiye utanA hI diyA gayA hai / sAtvika aura anubhAva kA itanA vistAra nahIM hotA ata: inako 22 aura 23 chaMdoM meM hI samajhA diyA gyaa| nAyikA-varNana kA vistAra adhika hotA hai isaliye isa prasaMga ko batAne ke liye 150 chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isase kama 'navarasa surUpa aura caturvRti' nAmaka vilAsa ko 142 chaMda die gae haiN| 2 grantha nirmANa kAla saMvata rasa 6 sara 5 nAga 8 sasi 1, kArtika zudi bhRgu vAra / sutithi paMcamI 5 dyosa subha pUrana grantha vicAra // saMvat 1856 meM isa graMtha kA nirmANa hayA / zabdoM ke sAtha-sAtha Upara likhe gae aMka bhI pustaka meM isI prakAra die hue haiN| 3 rAjavaMza varNana rAjA ke vaMza kA varNana 'sUrya' se prArambha kiyA hai-'prathama bhaye sUraja tanaya manujAdhipa manu nAma'...aura isI prakAra 'narUkA vIra' taka varNana calatA hai / alavara ke rAjAoM kA varNana karate hue bakhtAvarasiMhajI kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai bhaye pragaTa tinateM nRpati, vaSatAvara ramanIya / jaise chIra samudra teM, iMdukalA kamanIya / / 4 rAjagar3ha varNana bagara bagara saMpati sagara, lasata manohara harmya / jagara magara jyotinu agara, nagara rAjagar3ha ramya / / saMbhavataH isa grantha kA nirmANa rAjagar3ha meM hI huaa| www

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matsyapradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 67 4. pratyeka dRSTi se yaha pustaka bahuta saMyata aura spaSTa hai / deva ke vaMzaja hone ke nAte inake parivAra kI kAvya-paramparA utkRSTa koTi kI thI aura isI prakAra kA kAvya 'varSAta vilAsa' meM milatA hai / rasa kA prakaraNa bhI bahuta sundara bana par3A hai / nAyikA ke vibhinna rUpa bhI dekhane yogya haiM / udAhaNa ke lie praur3hA nAyakA dekhie sohai suraMga uroja utaMgani, aMgani gani bhUSana sauM lasi / Ae lalA page kAmakalAni, huI chatiyA ke chalAni kahU kasi // jaubana bhAra sauM prAlasa sauM gasi / pheri dUM gacala heri rahI haMsi || bhoga kahI na parai jau lahI tiya, rokata hAtha banauM nahIM nAtha ko, aura bhI haga kareM nAsauM nAhi calai nahIM cAha bharI cali jAvaM / kaMcukI teM pakare kucake ucakI para paiM ura tyoM ucakAvai // hAhA kareM muSa cUmata bAla bhuke bhibhakai cita meM lalacAveM / chaila te aina chino chuTi jAve na bainani ho naTi naina nacAvai // 5 kavi kA nAma kavi paMDita dvija barani koM, nRpa dIne bahu dAna tina meM bhogIlAla ko, sarasa kiyo sanamAna // niraSi bhUpa ko dharmarata, sakala rasani meM jJAna / vakhata vilAsa racyo sarasa, bhogIlAla sujAna / 6 kavi ke pUrvaja - kAsyapa gotra dvivedi kula, kAnyakubja kamanIya / devadatta kavi jagata meM, bhaye deva ramaNIya || ye deva kaunase haiM ? kavi ne inake saMbaMdha me likhA hai jinasauM bolI bhagavatI, prasanna pratyakSa / kavivara pUjya tuma, avani pradhIsa samakSa || isase vidita hotA hai ki ye deva kaviziromaNi mahAkavi 'deva' hI the / kintu eka bAta vicAraNIya hai / deva ko vidvAna loga prAyaH sanADhya brAhmaNa mAnate haiM, zukla aura dAsa donoM ne isI kA samarthana kiyA hai / DaoNkTara nagendra deva ko kAnyakubja mAnate haiM aura hama inhIM ke pakSa kA samarthana karate haiM kyoMki - * pra. bhogIlAla ne ina 'deva' kavi ko atyanta ucca koTi kA kavi likhA hai jo mahAkavi deva ke saMbaMdha meM likhA jAnA ucita hI hai / prA. deva kA janma samaya 1730 vi0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / bhogIlAla ne yaha pustaka saMvat 1856 meM likhI / isa taraha deva aura mAMgIlAla ke bIca meM lagabhaga 100-125 sAla kA samaya AtA hai / isa samaya kA spaSTIkaraNa kavi bhogIlAla ne

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68 adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya vIbhatsa meM bhayAnaka kA darzana kIjie astra-balI vaSatesa bahAdura, sastrana sauM rana satru saMhAre / lothina preta lathe rata reta meM, lohU ke kheta meM jAta panAre / AI visAla varaMganA bAla ye, cAmacamAta vitAla nihAre / deSi bhajI vikarAre mare, cahU DArai gayaMda bhayaMkara bhAre / rasa ke vibhinna aMgoM kA varNana karate hue, kavi bhogIlAla ne nAyikA bheda varNana vistRta rUpa meM kiyA hai| kavitA kI dRSTi se bhI isa kavi kA stara bahuta UMcA hai| zRMgArika racanAoM meM ye kucha adhika zRMgArika ho gae haiN| vyAkhyA kI uttamatA ke vicAra se to nahIM kintu kavi ne jisa vaijJAnika paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA hai usake vicAra se hama inheM prAcAryatva kI zreNI meM le sakate haiN| sikhanakha-kI ora bhI kaviyoM kA dhyAna gyaa| hindI meM 'sikhanakha' yA 'nakhasikha' bahuta milate haiN| hameM bhI apanI khoja meM isa prakAra ke do viziSTa hastalikhita graMtha prApta hue-1. TIkA ke rUpa meM tathA, 2. svataMtra graMtha ke rUpa meN| prasiddha kavi balabhadra ke sikhanakha para manIrAma ne sundara TIkA likhI, aura rasAnaMda ne eka sundara svataMtra graMtha likhaa| balabhadra kA sikhanakha hindI meM bahuta prasiddha mAnA jAtA hai aura sAtha hI kaThina bhii| isa kaThinAI kA dhyAna rakhate hue manIrAma ne bahuta saceta hokara isa graMtha-ratna kI 'sarvaprathama TIkA' hindI sAhitya ko pradAna kii| apanI TIkA ke saMbaMdha meM unakA vicAra thA sikhanakha jo balabhadra kau, kaThina padana kI riiti| sugama hauhi ihi sASa te, graMthana kI supratIti / ' ataeva manIrAma dvija ne isa kaThina graMtha ko sugama karane ke lie isakI TokA likhii|' isa graMtha ko bahuta praur3ha aura parimArjita mAnA jAtA hai ata: . bIca kI pIr3hiyoM dvArA isa prakAra kiyA hai1. deva 2. navaraMga 3. puruSottama 4. sobhArAma 5. bhogIlAla deva aura bhogIlAla ke bIca meM tIna pIDhiyAM aura haiM, ataeva 100-125 sAla kA samaya ThIka hI hai| i deva kA janma jisa prAnta meM huaA mAnA jAtA hai usameM kAnyakubja hI adhika rahate haiM, sanADhya nahIM / ataH deva kAzyapa gotrIya dvivedI kAnyakubja the| 1 balabhadra mizra kA janmakAla saMvat 1600 vi0 mAnA jAtA hai / inheM kucha loga kezavadAsa kA bar3A bhAI mAnate haiM, aura sAtha hI unakA samakAlIna / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki balabhadra mizra ke banAye sikhanakha kA bahuta pracAra thA kintu sAtha hI yaha eka kaThina graMtha bhI thaa| sAhitya ke itihAsa meM inake isa graMtha ke kaI TIkAkAroM ke nAma milate haiN| sabase

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 66 isa para kI gaI TIkA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki matsya meM kAvyagraMthoM ko samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayAsa huA thA / manIrAma dvija ne jo varNana diyA hai usake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjadhAnI meM hI nahIM varan rAjaparivAra se saMbaMdhita anya ThikAnoM meM bhI kAvyaMcarcA calatI rahatI thI aura kaviyoM kA sammAna hotA thaa| thAnAgAjI, tijArA grAdi ThikAnoM meM sammAna hotA thA, aura vahI ke ThikAnedAra bhI kAvyapremI the / jAvalI ke rAva bhI isI prakAra vidyAvyasanI rahe / yaha TIkA bahuta karIne se likhI gaI hai / TIkAkAra ne apanI TIkA kA krama isa prakAra batAyA hai-- prathama mUlapadArtha puni, tRtIya grartha dRDha kIna / sabadADaMbara bAciyau, kAma kare paravIna || artha sudRr3ha vistAra hai, kyoM paciye tA Thaura / na karanI hoi taba laSiyo kavi siramaura // eka udAharaNa lIjie -- kesa varnanaM, prathama paMkti 1. sUla- 'marakata ke sUta kidhauM pannaga ke pUta kidhauM, bhaMvara abhUta tama rAja ke se tAre haiM / ' 2. artha - 'marakata mani syAma haiM, pannaga sarpa, prabhUta jaise na bhaye hauMhi, tamarAja adhika aMdhyAro / ' 3. zrartha dRr3ha- soI sabdADaMbara jAMniyo granila vyoma tRraNa bAla marakatamariNa kavi priyA / 'kRSNe nIlAsita syAmaH', 'uragaH pannago bhogI' 'dhvAMte gAr3he'ndhatamasaM amare0 pahalA TIkAkAra gopAla kavi mAnA jAtA rahA hai| ina kavi kI TIkA kA samaya mizrabandhu, zukla, caturasena Adi itihAsakAroM ne 1861 likhA hai kintu hamArI khoja meM pAI gaI manIrAma vAlI TIkA gopAla kavi kI TIkA se bhI 50 varSa purAnI hai / kavi ne isa TIkA kA samaya isa prakAra diyA hai aSTAsa vyAlIsa haiM, saMvat magasira mAsa / kRSNa pakSa pAce sutithi, somavAra paragAsa || yaha prati jo hameM milI usakA lekhana bhI gopAla kavi kI TIkA se pahale hI ho cukA thaa| isake lipikAra the 'bherU seSAvata' aura lipibaddha karane kA samaya hai saMvat 1877 vi0 zrAvaNa sudi ekAdasI, bhAnuvAra mana[ dhu]mAMsa / muni muni vasu sasi subudhi suni, yaha saMvata paragAsa // 7 7 5 1

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adhyAya 2-rIti-kAvya dvitIya paMkti 1. mUla- 'maSatUla gunagrAma sobhita rasa syAMma, ___kAma mRga kAnana kuhU ke kumAra haiN|' 2. artha- 'maSa tUla syAma pATa, guna so DorA, grAma sau samUha, sarasa sau adhika, kAma hI bhayau maga tAkau kAMdana so vana, kuhU so mAvasyA ko bheda / ' 3. artha dRr3ha-- yahAM bhI koSa dikhAyA gayA hai / isI prakAra tIsarI aura cauthI paMktiyoM kI TokA kI gaI hai| tRtIya kopa kI kirani ki jalada nali ke taMta upamA anaMta cAru camara siMgAra haiM / caturtha kAre saTakAre bhIje sauMdhe sarasa vAsa , aise valibhadra navabAlA tere vAra haiM / / isase adhika sundara TIkA kA udAharaNa aura kyA mila sakatA hai ? manIrAma kI yaha TIkA hindI sAhitya meM kiyA gayA eka uttama prayAsa hai aura isa TIkA kA mUlya taba aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki yaha TIkA sabase purAnI hai / sampUrNa TIkA meM eka hI paddhati kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai, aura 'artha' tathA 'artha dRr3ha' ke dvArA kavi kI vidvattA tathA kAvya-marmajJatA pramANita hotI hai| eka anya pustaka 'vinayaprakAsa' hamArI khoja meM upalabdha huii| yaha pustaka nAyaka-nAyikA varNana se saMbaMdhita hai|' isa pustaka ke lekhaka haiM kavizreSTha harinAtha jo mahArAva rAjA zrI savAI vinayasiMhajI ke Azrita the| inakI sikhanakha TIkA sahita yaha, hai siMgAra ko mUla / bhairU seSAvata liSyau, catura rahe mana phUla // isa pustaka kA nAma prAyaH 'nakhasikha' likhA gayA hai parantu isakA nAma 'sikhanakha' hai, aura pastaka meM varNana bhI 'sikha' se prArambha kara 'nakha' taka kiyA gayA hai 1 kavi ne svayaM likhA hai racyau graMtha iha prIti kari, 'vinai naresa prakAsa' / varanau nAyaka nAyakA, kavi suSa sadana vilAsa // 2 kavi kA nAma (anuprAsayukta chaMda meM') giridhara goviMdanAtha gadAdhara gokula gyAnI / gokulesa gaMbhIra garura-gAmI guna dhyAnI / / gopIballabha gvAla bAla gana mana madasUdana / mAghau madhu-ripu makara muralidhara kaMsa-niSUdana //

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena kavitA ke dekhane para vidita hotA hai ki kAvya-gati, zabda-cayana, chaMda-nirmANa, bhAvukatA, alaMkAra-yojanA Adi kI dRSTi se unakI racanA uttama koTi kI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha graMtha bahuta bar3A thA aura isameM aneka prakAsa' the / isa pahale hI prakAsa meM 387 chaMda haiM aura 'hAvabhAva prasaMga' ke aMtargata kavitA kI chaTA darzanIya hai / isa prakAsa ke aMta meM kavi ne likhA hai 'iti zrI mahArAja zrI zrI zrI... vinayasiMhajI prakAse kavi suSa sadana vilAse kavi haranAtha kRte nAikAda hAvabhAva varnana nAma prathama prakAsa' / isake pazcAt 'atha rasAdika bhAva lakSana / dohA / / ' aura basa yahIM yaha sundara hastalikhita prati samApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra ke sundara aura vistRta zAstrIya granthoM ko adhUrI avasthA meM pAkara bar3A duHkha hotA hai kintu saMtoSa isI bAta para kiyA jAtA hai ki jo kucha milatA hai vaha to kisI prakAra surakSita rahA / isa prathama prakAza ke hI AdhAra para kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiMnAyikA varNana gunabharI garaba gumAnabharI mAna bharI , sakala sayAMna bharI rUpa rasa relI hai / bhAga-bharI sarasa suhAga anurAga-bharI , prema-bharI parama pravIna alabelI hai / jAhi deSi sura nara mohata madhupavRda , kavi 'harinAtha' sAtha dIpati sahelI hai / maina mana mailI naina urajhelI jaisI , kaMcana kI belI asI nAikA navelI hai / karunAkara karunA ayana, karaha kRpA vArija vdn| harinAtha dhyAna dRr3ha pAni tugra, kesI kaMdana nada naMdana / / 3 mahArAva rAjA zrI vinaya siMhajI kA rAjyakAla saMvat 1871 se 1614 vi0 taka rhaa| alavara kI rAjakIya pustakazAlA kI sthApanA inhIM ke dvArA karAI gaI, jisakI aneka hastalikhita pratiyoM kA upayoga isa nibaMdha meM kiyA gayA hai| pustakazAlA nAma kI saMsthA to samApta ho gaI kintu usameM saMgRhIta hastalikhita pratiyAM kucha alavara ke myUjiyama meM haiM aura kucha vartamAna alavara nareza ke nijI pustakAlaya meN| inake dvArA hI 'vinaya vilAsa' nAma kA mahala banavAyA gayA jisameM Aja kala 'rAjaRSi kaoNleja' lagatA hai| ye bar3e vidyAvyasanI tathA saMgrahI the, aura alabara meM inakI kalA-priyatA ke bahuta se namUne

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72 adhyAya 2 -- rIti-kAvya nAyaka ke 240 bheda batAye haiM pati upapati vaisuka kahau, nAyaka tIni vicAri / anukUla dachina dhRSTa saTha, cAri cAri anuhAri // 3 4 4 = 12 sasA jaina vRSa turaMga guna, saba maiM vyApata prAna / 1245 % 60 . sAMTha hota yA rIti sauM, bhASata sukavi pachAna / / abhimAnI tyAgI chalI, bhavya bhAna saba hota / 6044 = 240 dvai sai cAlisa jori ke, baranata sukavi udota // nAyikA ke 11520 bheda batAye haiM sukiyAdika saba nAikA, hAva bhAva savilAsa / kavi harinAtha vicAri ke, varanI vinaya prakAsa // bhAva vibhAvAnubhAva aru, saMcArI suSasAja / thAI sAtvika Adi hai, jAni lehu mahArAja // 384 caurAsI praru tIna sai, tigunI kara rasa desa / 38443 - 1952 gyAraha se bAvana bhaI, suniye vinaya naresa // uttima madhyama adhama miti, divyAdika pahicAna / karau dasagunI tAsukI, kavikula kahata baSAna // 1152410 - 11550 gyArahai sahasa ru pA~casau, bIsa bhaI ye rIta / sunie vinaya naresa yaha, bhASata sukavi pratIta // praur3hA vipralabdhA kA varNana dekhie phUle phUle phUlana ke gahane guhAI ghane , phUlana kI mAla suSajAla hAla pahirI / ratana - jaTita TIko nIko mana bhAmatI ko , jIko hIko lIko nIko lAgai chavi gahirI // 'kavi haranAtha' AI rati ke mahala bIca deSi ke saMketa suno dUno duSa dahi rI / bhauMcakI bakIsI jakI lakI-sI chakIsI ati akapakI bhaI bAvarI sI bahirI // rUpavitA kA bhASaNa sunie mere naina hari mIna mRga vanavAsa kInhoM , keharI ko kola kuThi gayo laSi kaTi taTa / deSi gata gavana marAla gajarAja doU , ati akulAni kulilAni kaMja pada daTa / /

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena koila kalApI kUka kokila kumati bhaI vAnI sukhadAnI 'harinAtha' so madhura raTa / prAji hauM gaI hI alI jamunA bharana ghaTa guMjjhi pAe maura vaMsIvaTa ke nikaTa taTa / / premavitA bhUSana na dhArau prema nemau na pArau taU syAmare salaune jU ke nainana basI rhii| sAmAnyA kalahaMtaritA chAyo naMdalAla kara lInheM guMja mAla bhaTU badana visAla suSa jAla hAla peSau maiM / jori jori dIThi rasa rAsi prema pagi pagi lagi lagi bAla caturAI nema leSau maiM // kavi harinAtha manuhAri ke manAi hArI mAnoM nA manAe tai haThIlI haTha peSauM maiM / pare mana socana sakocana karate aba , gae jaba lAla taba kahai cahai deSauM maiM / / saMgI-dasA kA kavitta baiThI raMgamahala lunAI bharI lADalI sau sIsA ke mahala seja sumana gulAba kii| pAnadAna pIkadAna atara gulAbadAna lInhe mana bhUSana jarAu jeba chAva kI / kavi harinAtha sAtha raMbhA sI rucira saSI caMdamuSI catura calAI cita cAva kI / zrAva kI na dAva kI pAdakI paraSi deSau bhAva mai na zrAvai chavi prAba mahatAba kI / ye kavi mahodaya chavinAthajI dvArA dIkSita kiye gae the dIkSita kavi chavinAtha ke, kavi haranAtha vicaari| graMtha racau kavi suSa sadana, bhASA rasa niradhAri / / yaha eka bar3A sukhada prasaMga hai ki inake eka prakAsa' ke pAne para bhI pustaka kA nirmANa-kAla, 1888 vi0,' mila gayA hai| sAtha hI vinayasiMhajI kA rAjya 1 saMvat vasu vasu vasu sasI caitra pakSa budhavAra / varano vinaya prakAsa meM samujho matI udAra / / yaha kiMcita Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki eka prakAsa ke aMta meM hI saMvat de diyA gayA hai / hastalikhita pratimeM 1886 saMvat diyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH yaha isa prati ko likhane kA samaya hai|

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74 adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya kAla saM0 1871-1614 thA ataeva pustaka ke nirmANa-kAla meM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha jaataa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki ina mahAnubhAva kI bhASA bahuta majI huI hai aura kavitA meM bar3A sarasa pravAha hai| aneka prakaraNoM para jo paribhASA tathA udAharaNa diye haiM ve paramparAgata haiM, koI vizeSa pratibhAsaMpanna praNAlI dRSTigata nahIM hotii| anyatra varNana ke anusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki mahArAjA balavaMtasiMha' ke samaya meM kAvya-saMbaMdhI bahuta kArya huA / rIti-kAvya kI ora bhI inake samaya ke kaviyoM ne dhyAna diyA aura kucha maulika racanAe~ hamArI khoja meM upalabdha 1. alaMkAra maMjarI - kavi rAma kRta saM. 1867 2. chaMda sAra - kavi rAma kRta 3. zRMgAra tilaka - 'vRjacaMda' __saM. 1865 4. vrajendra vinoda motIrAma saM. 1885 5. rasa kallola jugala kavi 6. sikhanakha rasAnanda saM. 1863 7. vrajendra vilAsa - rasAnanda saM. 1865 1. alaMkAra maMjarI- isameM 28 patra haiM aura zrI savAI balavaMtasiMhajI ke lie likhI gaI hai| alaMkAra maMjarI ke aMtargata alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA kAphI hai / eka-do udAharaNa dekhie1. aprastuti prasaMsA (aprastuta prazaMsA) jahaM varaNe kavi aura kuM, bAta aura pai DAri / tahAM kahata haiM sukavi nara, aprastuti laMkAra / / yathA- nA barase gharasai vRthA re, ghaMna kyoM cahu pora / tarasai jaga harasyo phirai, tU saTha nipaTa kaThora / / anyacca kavitta bhUlyau phirai catura naresana ko bhrama pAya . Aja nRpa tAi ke vilAsI bAsI prauna haiM / balavaMtasiMhajI kA rAjya-kAla 1882-1906 vi0 mAnA jAtA hai| inake pitA baladevasiMhajI to svayaM kavi the aura aneka kavi unake darabAra meM pAzraya pAte the| baladevasiMhajI kA rAjya kAla kevala tIna varSa rahA thaa| 2 'iti zrI mahArAjAdhirAja zrI savAI balavaMtasiMha hetave rAma kavi viracite alaMkAra maMjarI samAptaM mitI mAgha vadI 12 saMvata 1897 vi0'|

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matsya deza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena dAna kU vicAri kai nihAri yA same ko rUpa , bhUpa na rahe haiM laSi lIjai rAja soM na haiM / / bhanata ramesa bina tyAge yA daridra desa , hota na naresa saMga chAMDa bina bhauna haiM / ere jara jauharI javAhara diSAvai kahA , paraSa karaiyA laghu gAma ihAM kauna hai // yaha rameza nAma ke kisI anya kavi kA udAharaNa hai| 2. mIlita bheda laSyau nahiM jAya sukavi jahAM sAdrasya teN| milata na jAnyauM jAya alaMkAra laMkAra vida / / yathA- lAla kaMcukI bAla ke hiya meM gaI milAya / aMga lAlI meM lAla jU lAlI laSI na jAya / / pustaka ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai zazi kula maMDala maMDalIka balavaMtasiMgha hita / alaMkAramaMjarI karI kavi rAma jathA mati / / isa pustaka ke par3hane kA phala----- jo guni teM yaha par3he bar3he, tihi kI mati jaanoN| alaMkAra vida hoya, hoya jina saMsa paThAnoM / / mAnoM pravAna yaha meM sadA, mRdA hoya cita diijie| kInoM kavitta cahai mitra joM, teM aba bilama na kIjie / / 2. chaMdasAra- yaha pustaka bhI inhIM rAma kavi dvArA mahArAja balavaMtasiMhajI ke lie likhI gaI hai| isakA nirmANakAla bhI saMbhavataH alaMkAra maMjarI ke AsapAsa rahA hogA / pustaka ke aMta meM pustaka, prAzrayadAtA aura kavi ke nAma die gae haiM___ 'iti zrI chaMdasAre zrI manmahArAja zrI savAI brajendra balavaMtasiMha hetave rAma kavi viracite mAtrA prastArAdi varNanoM nAma SaSTamo sargaH / chaMdasAra samAptoyaM / ' 'yadukula caMdravaMzI' bharatapura ke rAjAoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai| balavaMtasiMha 'caMdrakula maMDala maMDalIka' kahe gae haiN| vaise ye jATa rAjA the| pustaka kA nAma / 3 racayitA kA nAma /

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76 adhyAya 2 --rIti-kAvya caturtha isa pustaka meM 6 sarga haiM--- prathama - nRpativaMsavarNana, dvitIya -- saMjJAnibaMdhanonAmadvitIya sargaH, tRtIya --varNavRttinirUpaNa, - mAtrAvRttinirUpaNa, paMcama - varNaprastArAdinirUpaNa, SaSTama ___ -- mAtrAprastArAdinirUpaNa / isa prakAra ke sargoM meM vibhAjana ko dekha kara bahuta saMtoSa hotA hai ki pustaka meM bar3e DhaMga se sArI saMbaMdhita bAteM ekatrita kara lI gaI haiN| pahalA sarga to nRpati ke vaMza se saMbaMdhita hai, kintu anya pAMca sargoM meM 'chaMda' kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| lakSaNa udAharaNa bahuta karIne se die haiM / do udAharaNa dekheM1. mAlinI- nagaNa dui banAvau, pheri mo lai milAau / yagaNa yaga malA ko, pAda yoMhI dharAau / / pada pada yama deke, cyAri hU carNa hoii| kavi jana imi jAnau, mAlinI chaMda soii|| 2. dohA- pUrva uttara teraha kalA, para gyAraha kari ThAMni / teraha gyAraha rASi ke, dohA chaMda bapAni / / ina do udAharaNoM se do-tIna bAteM vidita hotI haiMa. lakSaNa aura udAharaNa eka ho chaMda dvArA de diyA gayA hai. mAlino dekhie| do nagaNa phira magaNa punaH yagaNa-yagaNa arthAt 'na na ma ya ya' prA. parantu chaMda ke artha meM kucha vizeSa sArthakatA yA camatkAra nahIM hai kevala kAmacalAU pratIta hotA hai| i. lakSaNa kucha adhUre haiN| dohe kA lakSaNa pUrA nahIM hai / aMta meM __ kyA honA yA na honA cAhie isakA koI varNana nahIM hai| kevala mAtrAoM kI saMkhyA hI batAI gaI hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se pahalA sarga bhI mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki kavi ne aneka pIr3hiyoM kA varNana likha diyA hai, jaise ki yaha kisI 'jAgA' ko bahI ho| pahale kRSNa, gaNeza, sarasvatI, ziva aura kaviyoM kI stuti kI hai-- tina puruSana ke vaMsa meM, pragaTe zrI mahArAja / tina ko kula varanata aba, rAmalAla kavirAja / ' 1 kavi kA pUrA nAma 'rAmalAla' thaa|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 70 77 napa bajesa ke desa ko, bAsI hai dvijarAma / tAkara pura haripura sadRza, ati' 'mativaMta / ' tahAM rAja rAjata sadA, beThayo nRpa balavaMta / / kavi ne batAyA hai ki sinasinI gAMva meM siMsinavAra vIra jATa rahate the| inake Adi puruSa makanna the aura phira vaMza-paramparA isa prakAra calI makanna, pRthvI, pRthvIrAja, sudarAja, maha, SAMna, brajarAja, bhAvasiMha, badanesa, sujAna, javAhara, raNajIta, baladeva, balavaMta / yaha sampUrNa pustaka 78 patroM kI hai jisameM se 24 patra prathama sarga meM lie gae haiN| isa sarga meM rAjA kI vaMzAvalI, usake nagara kA varNana, kilA, phauja, parivAra, sAthI, darabAra Adi kA varNana hai / isa pustaka se usa samaya kI aneka bAtoM kI jAnakArI hotI hai| do eka varNana dekheN| brajesa ke zahara kA varNana aba vrajesa ke sahara kI, saubhA varanI na jAya / mAnoM tana riturAja dhari, basata bharatapura prAya / / kile kA varNana pura ke cArahuM ora kau, rAjata koTa utaMga / tAhi vilokata arina kauM, hota mAna mana bhaMga / / nAma bhI bahuta batAe haiN| rAjA ke senApati kA nAma govarddhana batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI talavAra, ghor3e, hAthI Adi kA varNana hai| pustaka ke zeSa 54 pRSThoM meM chaMdoM kI vyAkhyA, unake lakSaNa tathA udAharaNoM sahita, kI gaI hai| 3 zRMgAratilaka- isake racayitA vrajacaMda haiN| isa pustaka kA AdhAra kAlidAsa kA zRMgAratilaka hai / kavi svayaM kahatA hai paMDita kavina matta deSi kavi kalidAsa , DhuMDhi huMDhi lAya saba graMthana ko sAra hai| tarunI pravInana ke bheda bahu bhAMti jAni, pheri pragaTAyau yaha sUkSama apAra hai| * kavi brAhmaNa thA aura balavaMtasiMha ke rAjya kA hI nivAsI thaa| saMbhavataH kavi bharatapura meM hI rahatA thA jise vaha viSNuloka ke sadRza batA rahA hai| 2 isake pazcAt isa prakAra balavaMta-jasavaMtasiMha-rAmasiMha-kRSNasiMha-brajeMdrasiMha (vartamAna bharatapurAdhIza) / 3 'zrI brajapati kI camUpati gorvaddhana ati viir|'

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78 rIti-kAvya " zrImana brajeMdra mahArAja balavaMtasiMgha jinakI kRpA kI lahi rasavistAra hai / paMkaja varana sama rAdhikA carana dhyAya / kInau brajacaMda grantha tilakasiMgAra hai | zradhyAya 2 - yaha pustaka balavaMtasiMhajI ke lie banAI hai / ' pustaka nirmANa kA samaya saMvat 1865 hai / yaha kAlidAsa ke zRMgAratilaka kA 'bhASA rUpa' hai, jaisA kavi kA kahanA hai ' racyo sumati anusAra yaha, bhASAtilaka siMgAra / jyau kahUM bhUlyoM hoya to lIjau sukavi sudhAri / ' pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai ' iti zrI mannamahArAja vrajeMdra balavaMtasiMha hetave brajacaMda viracite zRMgAratilaka sampUrNam / saMvat 1865 meM mitI mAgha kRSNA 13 ravivAsare lipya kRtaM mitra rAmabasa bharatapura madhye rAjye zrI balavaMtasiMhajI' / yaha tithi pustaka ko lipibaddha karane kI hai / unakI kavitA kA eka udAharaNa , " nIla ariviMdana ke naina juga roSaM cAru kokanada hI ko bhale prAMnana su lIno hai / kuMda kI kalIna raci daMta kI banAi paMkta pallava navInana ko adhara navIno hai / bhani brajacaMda tyohI cibuka gulAba kItI caMpaka ke dalana kau aMga aMga konI hai / suMdara su tairau cita vidhinA nilajI ne hI, pAhana taM kaThina su kaise raci dono hai // , 4. vrajeMdra vinoda - motIrAma dvArA likhita / yaha pustaka pradhAnataH nAyikA 1 sAji bharathapura nagara meM, zrI balavaMta udAra / tinake hita brajacaMda ne kInau graMtha tayAra // 2 ThAre se pacyAMna meM, Azvina mAsa pravIna / zukla pakSa dasamI vijaya, bhayau su graMtha navIna // 3 yaha pustaka bhI balavaMtasiMha jI ke lie likhI gaI - ' iti zrI mannamahArAja brajeMdra balavaMtasihajI bahAdurasya vinodArthe motIrAma sukavi viracite vrajeMdra vinode nAyakabhedanirUpane SaSTollAsaH / ' yadyapi kavi ne eka sthAna para ise 'kRSNArpaNa' bhI kiyA hai 'baranyau jugala kisora hita, vRMdA vipina bihAra / bhidAna dIjaM abhaya, apanI bhakti apAra // '

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76 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena bhada para hai, jaisA isake 6 ullAsoM se pragaTa hai 1. sragAra rasa nirUpaNaM, 2. svabhAva nAyakA varnanaM, 3. parakIyA bheda nirUpanaM, 4. nAyakA varnanaM, 5. viyoga sragAra disA varnanaM, tathA 6. nAyaka bheda nirUpanaM / adhyAya-vibhAjana meM 'nAyaka bheda' kA kevala eka ullAsa diyA gayA hai| vaise bhI rItikAvya ke aMtargata jo gaurava aura mahattva 'nAyakA' ko pradAna kiyA gayA hai vaha becAre 'nAyaka' ko kahA~ ? yaha pustaka mahArAja balavaMtasiMha ke samaya meM rIti-kAvya para likhI sabase prathama pustaka pratIta hotI hai, jaisA isameM die gae grantha-nirmANa-kAla se prakaTa hotA hai ThArai sai ru picyAsiyA, saMvata yo pahicAni / phAga sudI pAMce ravI, kInau graMtha vaSAMni / / (1885 vi0) sAmAnyA kA lakSaNa aura udAharaNa dekheM lakSaNa jo tiya parapuraSana bhajai, nihace dhana ke kaaj| so sAmAnyA nAyakA, varanata hai kavirAja / udAharaNa suSada saroja sumanani sau savArI seja , atara gulAbani sau rASI tara kari ke| caumuSe cirAka cAru cahU~ aura jori dIna, dhori dIna ghaneM agamada moda bhari ke| bhUSana vasana ruci paci ke sudhAre aMga , pare tana kapUra pAna dAMna dIne dharikai / lAla hiya lAgati hulAsina sau vAlahAla , vimala visAla lInI motImAla hari ke / muditA kA lakSaNa aura udAharaNa - lakSaNa vaMcha para puruSani jutiya, deSai sunai nidAMna / sakala sukavi jana kahata haiM, muditA tAhi bakhAna /

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80 adhyAya 2-rIti - kAvya udAharaNa raMca suni khabara uroja umagana lAge , kaMcukI ke kaThina kasana darakata haiN| suSada suThAra bhare amara prabhA ke mAra , hiye para mautinu ke hAra rarakata hai| motIrAma udita saradacaMda pAnaMna teM, caMhu aura rUpa ke prakAsa sarakata haiN| phirati SuzAla Aja lAla milave ko pAlI, bAla ke visAla bhuja jAla pharakata haiN|| iti muditaa| eka aura udAharaNa ciriyAM cahUMdhA cAru caracA karana lAgI , jAge arunodaya kI kiraNa amaMda hai| soka taji taji kokapriya niyarI sI hota , loka meM prakAsa bhayau phUle araviMda haiM / / motI parabhAta bhaye Aye arasAta gAta , bhale darasAta lAla jAvake ke biMda hai| bhUlI charachadeM prabalauki naMdanadai naina , nIrahi jharati parI aura kachu phaMda haiM / isa pustaka ko par3hane ke uparAnta nIce likhI dhAraNAeM hotI haiM 1. inake grantha kI aneka vizeSatAgoM meM prakRti-varNana bhI eka hai| eka udAharaNa dekhie gahagahe gahara gulAba ke samAja phUle , pAya riturAja suSasAja nipaTe rheN| kalita bhaI haiM vana saghana suSada veli , mahamahe saurabha samUha upaTe rahaiM / motIrAma malayaja milita amaMda gaMdha , maMda maMda mAruta ke jhUkA jhapaTe rhe| maMjula mRdula mAlatIni madhumata mahA , moda mana mudita maliMda lipaTe rahaiM / 2. yadyapi isa pustaka meM to rAjyavaMza kA varNana nahIM milatA, kintu yaha dohA avazya hI milatA hai zrI vrajeMdra ko vaMsa saba, varanyau taji uraSeda / aba varano zRgAra rasa, sakala nAyakA bheda / / isa dohe ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMbhavataH isa kavi ne

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 8 1 kisI anya sthAna para rAjyavaMza kA varNana bhI kiyA hogA / 56 patra meM likhI isa hastalikhita pustaka meM to yaha varNana nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai ki isase kucha hI dinoM pUrva likhI kisI anya pustaka meM yaha varNana ho / bahuta khoja karane para bhI vaha pustaka nahIM mila sakI / 3. isa pustaka kA nAma 'vrajedravinoda' hai aura kavi ne ise 'balavaMtasiMha bahAdurasya vinodArthe' likhA hai| phira bhI kavi kI Antarika vRtti kA prabhAsa 'varanyau jugala kisora hita' se laga jAtA hai / 4. yaha pustaka pradhAnataH 'nAyakA' saMbaMdhI hai zraura nAyikA kA koI bhI nirU paNa zRMgAra rasa ke binA sArthaka nahIM ho sakatA, isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kavi ne sabase pahale zRMgArarasa kA nirUpaNa kiyA aura isake pazcAt nAyikA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI tathA usake bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA / viSaya ko pUrNa banAne kI dRSTi se antima ullAsa meM 'nAyaka-bheda' bhI de diyA gayA hai / 5. pustaka meM prApta kavitA ucca koTi kI hai / anuprAsa Adi zabda - laMkAroM ke prati unakI ruci honA to usa samaya kI pravRtti ke anusAra thA, kintu isa pustaka meM arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI bahuta sundara rUpa meM huA hai, aura prakRti-varNana kavi kI vyaktigata utkRSTatA hai / 5. rasa kallola - jugala kavi kRta / durbhAgya se yaha pustaka adhUrI hI milI hai / isa milane vAle aMza meM 21 patra mAtra haiM aura saMkhyA 15 kA chaMda bhI na jAne kyoM chor3a diyA gayA hai / 53 chaMdoM meM varNita isa 'rasa kallola' ke kevala prathama taraMga kA hI darzana ho sakA / isa taraMga meM 'sthAyI bhAva' kA varNana hai / dUsarI taraMga ke lie kavi ne viSaya kI dRSTi se 'vibhAva' varNana kI bAta likhI hai kIno prathama taraMga meM, thAI bhAva vicAra | puni vibhAva varanana karoM, dutiya taraMga nihAri // kintu yaha taraMga hamAre dekhane meM nA sakI, na jAne kisa anaMta udadhi meM vilIna ho gaI hai / ina do taraMgoM kI bAta jAna kara yaha AbhAsa hotA hai| ki kavi ne isa pustaka meM 'rasa' kA sundara nirUpaNa bhAva vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI, zrAdi ke aMtargata kiyA hogA / " yaha pustaka usa samaya likhI gaI jaba balavaMta siMha kevala rAjakumAra the aura rAjya ke adhipati unake pitA baladevasiMhajI the / isa 1 hameM patA lagA thA ki isa pustaka kI pUrI prati bharatapura ke kisI pannA nAmaka caparAsI ke pAsa hai, kintu bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI vaha prati prApta nahIM ho sakI /

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82 zradhyAya 2 roti-kAvya AdhAra para isa pustaka kA prArambha saMvat 1802 se pahale mAnanA cAhiye / ' isameM navoM rasoM kA varNana thA / isakA pramANa pustaka kI bhUmikA tathA usake nAmase milatA hai / 2 isa pustaka kI samApti hone taka rAjya kA adhikAra balavantasiMhajI ke hAtha meM A gyaa| taraMga ke samApta hote-hote kavi ko likhanA par3A ---- ta zrI manmahArAjAdhirAja rAjeMdra ziromariNa yadukulAvataMsa zrI balavaMtasiMha hetave lakSmInArAyaNa sukavi suta jugala viracatAyAM sAhityasAra rasataraMginyAni rasa kallola nAma graMthe sthAI bhAva nirUpaNa nAma prathama taraMgaH | isake atirikta nimna likhita kavitta bhI dekheM X X X sIlavaMta deSi bhArata kauM } roma ha e kari prasanna caina | teM anaMta jaga jAcaka grajAcI kiye, X koI eka saMta dehi saba roma yAhU jugala bhanata bhalI nRpa balavaMta dena || gaNeza, sarasvatI yAdi kI stuti karane ke uparAnta kavi ne sarvaprathama sthAyI i layA / bhAva kA varNana darzanIya hai 3 1 vrajacaMda zrI baladevasiMha ju sujasa jaga jAkI chyau / balavaMta buddhi vilaMda tAke putra hai guNanidhi bhayau / tihi heta rasa kallola navarasa ko nirUparaNa le sacyo / rasa anukUla vicAra jo, bhAva nAma jihi hoI / kahata anyathA bhAva teM, jaga vikAra kavi loI // so vikAra dau bhAMti kau, aMtara aru sArIra / aMtara dvai vidhi kahyo, sthAI vyabhicArIra // rahyo bheda sArIra ika, tAkI bheva vaSAni / sabai pragaTa dIsata raheM, sAtvika bhAvahi jAni // sau yaha sthAI bhAva, ATha vidhi ko kahyo / kavijana leu vicAri, bharata mata maiM kahyau || 3 lakSmInArAyaNa sukavi ke suta jugala laghumati taM racyo / 2 rasa kallola ke atirikta jugala kavi ko likhA eka graMtha hameM aura milA jisakA nAma hai 'karuNa paccIsA' / vivaraNa anyatra dekheM / kavi ne pramukha prAcArya bharata ke mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai- a. kavi kA kahanA hai- 'bharata mata maiM kahyau' A. inhoMne rasoM kI saMkhyA 8 hI mAnI hai jo bharata mata ke anusAra hai, vaise sAmAnyataH rasa mAne jAte haiM /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena bharata ke anusAra ye AThoM sthAyI isa prakAra haiM atha aSTa sthAI nirUpaNam --- rati hAMsI aru zoka krodha utsAha hai| bhaya niMdA vismaya ju kAvya ke thAha hai // zAnta rasa kA sthAyI 'nirveda' nahIM diyA gayA hai / hAsya ke sthAyI 'hAsa' kA varNana dekheMhAsa-lakSaNa kautUhala kari vacana au, vesa hoi viparIti / mana vikAra paramita jahAM, soI hAsa pratIti / / udAharaNa zrAvata hI pura ke DhiMga bAlaka , chAe cahU disi deSi suresa ko| dekhi ke bhUpa ke mauMna kahyau , mili dAsini Ayau hai bAvana bhesa ko / / so suni vAnI kutUhala teM , balirAja tiyA kahai deha rI raaskauN| hva musikyAvana vAvana so jaga , pAlaka rakSaka bhUpa bajesako / / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne 'rasa pradIpakA'' nAmaka pustaka kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura isase prabhAvita bhI hue the karuNA rasa ko lakSya yaha. yAteM kahauM sunaai| rasapradIpakA meM kahyau, so aba dehu diSAi / / savaiyA- komala bola vilApa ko kIneM hai, jIvita nAtha tU jIva kahIM para / tA rati neM uThi ke DhigaM Ai, mahA vilaSAi lai hA yaha prosara / soka samudra meM bUr3hi gaI laI, dIna dasA kahI nAtha hatthI hara / kopa kI jvAla meM bhasma bhayau, purasAkRta kAma vilokyau mahI para / / sarI taraMga ke kevala 15 hI chaMda mile / 1 rasapradIpakA nAma kA koI graMtha nahIM miltaa| 'rasadIpikA' nAmaka eka grantha milatA hai| saMbhava hai kavi dvArA jo graMtha rasapradIpakA dekhA gayA thA vaha aba lupta hai| www.jainelibr

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4 zradhyAya 2 rIti-kAvya 6. sikhanakha - rasAnanda' dvArA likhita / grantha kA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai"zrI rAdhA kRSNo jayati dohA rasa prAnada maya rUpa kI, naeNnana sAdhi-samAdhi / jaga bAdhA nistAra hita, rAdhA carana arAdhi // chappa Adi zakti saba vizva janani icchyA vapu dhArata / mahimAM gama pukAri nigama kIrati vistArata || girA umA rati ramA liye ruSa sanmuSa vinavata / sIsa dhAri raja graja girIsa pada paMkaja vinavata // tihi sudhA prema chaki vivasa hu~ rasa zrAnada jasa gAIye ! rasa bodha karani bAdhA - harani rAdhAsarana manAIye || atha zRMgAra rasAdhAra siSa naSa nirUpyate naSa siSa lauM piya mana ramI, paripUrana zRMgAra / siSa naSa rAdhA kuvari kI, varanauM mati anusAra // 1 rasAnanda jATa the / 'rasa-prAnanda' athavA 'rasAnanda' inakA upanAma pratIta hotA hai / ghanAnaMda, aura AnaMda ghana kI grAnanda svarUpa mAlA meM ye tIsarI kar3I haiN| inakI kavitA ucca koTi kI hai| mizrabandhu ne inheM bhaTTa likhA hai parantu kavi ke nivAsasthAna bharatapura meM kI gaI khoja ke zrAdhAra para ye 'jATa' siddha hue haiM / ye alIgar3ha jile kI iMgalAsa tahasIla ke baisavA gAMva se bharatapura zrAye the / nimnalikhita graMtha mujhe mile haiM inake - 1. gaMgAbhUtala grAgamana kathA | 2. sikhanakha / 3. vrajendravilAsa / 4. rasAnandaghana | 5. saMgrAmaratnAkara / 6. hitakatyadruma (briTiza myUjima laMdana prApta huA / isa kRti para merA svataMtra lekha 'hitakalpadruma' zranuzIlana meM dekheM 1 ) inake likhe aura kaI grantha batAye jAte haiM, jaise 3. bhojaprakAsa, 4. rasAnandavilAsa, 1. bArahamAsI, 2. saMgrAmakalAdhara, ( bhakti graMtha ) 5. SoDasazRMgAravarNana | aise pratibhAzAlI kavi kA hiMdI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nAma taka na honA bar3e prAzcarya kA viSaya hai / prApta granthoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki rasAnanda eka ucca koTi ke kavi, prAcArya, bhakta tathA nItijJa the /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena sabase pahale kezoM kA nirUpaNa hai "jalada jAla alimAla maNi, marakata au tama tAra / nIla camara maSatUla sama, vithure suthare bAra / / kavitta chabi kI masAla pe chuTyo hai tama jAla kaMdhoM, soma kI chaTA pai ghana ghaTA tomasAjahI / kaidhauM rasa pAnadasarUpa ke anUpa taMta , kaMdhauM bija camara bilauke sauti lAjahI / / saudhe sane cilakai cunai vA saTakAre kAre, mitta citta cikanAvai hita ke samAja hii| aTala alI ke phaMda baMdhana ko jI ke jaise , campA varanI ke nIke cikura virAjahI / / dohA bArana-gavanI rAvare, bArana ThaI anitta / chuTa chuTAveM sAhasahi, bAMdhe bAMdhe citta // " kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI bhASA kI svacchatA, kalpanA kI ur3Ana, varNana ko snigdhatA aura svAbhAvikatA tathA chaMda ko pUrNatA aura zabdacayana kI pratibhA bhAvoM ko atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka rUpa meM spaSTa kara rahe haiN|' isa pustaka meM nimnAMkita prakaraNa haiM ___ kesa, pATI, benI, mAMga, bhAla, beMdI, gulAla kI prAr3a, bhrakuTI, palaka, naitra, citavani, tArikA, kajjala, nAsikA, natha, adhara, daMsanana, rasanA, bAnI, hAsa, kapola, kapola kI gAr3a, kapola ko tila, zravana, ThoDI, cibukacinha, mukha, sarvamukha, grIvA, bhuja, kara, kuca, kaMcukI, udara romarAji sahita, travalI, nAbhi, kaTi, nitaMba, jaMghA, carana, jAvakaeDI, aMgurI naSata, nUpura, pAila, gati, bhUSana, gurAI, jarakasI sArI aura dAmana / 1 sikhanakha kA varNana bar3A vistRta hai aura aMga prati aMga ko lekara suMdara chaMdoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| kavi kA nirIkSaNa bahuta hI sUkSma aura sarasa hai / zarIra ke kisI bhI AkarSaka aMga ko kavi bhUlA nahIM hai| 2 isa kavi ke anya graMthoM kA vivaraNa, jo yathAsthAna milegA, isa bAta ko pramANita karane meM sahAyaka hogA ki isa eka hI kavi meM kavi aura prAcArya saMbaMdhI aneka bAteM pUrNatA ke sAtha vidyamAna haiN|

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86 adhyAya 2 - rIti-kAvya 155 chaMdoM meM aMga se saMbaMdhita 48 prasaMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt 50 chaMdoM meM 'SoDasa zRgAra' kA varNana bhI milatA hai| sikhanakha kA sampUrNa varNana 161 chaMdoM meM samApta huA hai| isa pustaka kA samaya kavi ne svayaM hI isa prakAra diyA hai rAma niddhi vasu caMda juta, kahi saMvata sukhadAni / vaSa kRSNA terasi sudina, pUrana graMtha pramAni / ' kavi kevala kAvyakAra hI nahIM thA varana utkRSTa koTi kA lipikAra bhI thaa| 'sikhanakha' nAma kA yaha grantha svayaM 'rasagrAnaMda' dvArA hI lipibaddha kiyA gayA thA 'siddha zrI jaduvaMsAvataMsa zrI mannamahArAjadhirAja zrI brajeMdrabalavaMtasiMgha vinodArtha rasa AnaMda viracate sikhanakha saMpUrNa / zubhamastu / mitI jyeSTha kRSNA 13 saMvat 1863 hastAkSara rasa Ananda ke bharthapura madhye // ' kavi kI kavitA kA eka udAharaNa dekhane se inakI bhASA aura zailI kA aAbhAsa milatA hai rAjai Aja gAdI pai vRjeMdra balavaMtasiMgha , zAdI yau anaMta nisa vAsara bahAla hohu / najari nayAja pezakaza lai naresana teM, dUjeM desa desana teM prAmada rasAlu hohu / / bhani rasa aAnaMda pratApa vyaMkaTeza ke teM , lesa pUre punyana ko udai tatakAla hohu / jagamaga mAla hohu vikrama visAla hohu , mitra puzahAla hohu bairI pAimAla hohu // 7. vrajeMdra vilAsa- racayitA rasa aAnaMda / graMtha kI samApti 1895 ThArai sai paccyAnavai, zukravAra unamAni / akSaya vitiyA mAdhavI, graMtha samApti bakhAni / / yaha eka uttama grantha hai aura isameM 364 chaMda haiN| isa pustaka kI patrasaMkhyA 116 hai / aMta meM eka kavitta dvArA prArthanA kI gaI hai| durbhAgya se isa hastalikhita prati kI avasthA kucha acchI nahIM hai / vaise pustaka pUrI hai| 1 rAmo dAzarathI rAmo bhRguvaMzo samudbhava / (3 rAma) 2 'baMkaTeza' vAle lakSmaNajI rAjAoM ke iSTadeva the| www.jainei

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87 matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena sarvaprathama kavi ne naMdanandana brajacaMda kI prArthanA kI hai, phira gaNapati kI, aura isake pazcAt balavanta siMhajI ke rAjya kA varNana kiyA hai gura gaNapati girijA sumiri, baMdi carana girirAja / zrI vrajeMdra balavaMta kau, barano rAja samAja / / rAjasamAja kA varNana dekhane yogya hai / ' rAjA kI kIrti, gaja, sAMDiyA, aAtaMka, sabhA, Adi ke varNanoparAnta kavi apane graMtha kA prathama vilAsa samApta karatA hai| sabase pahale piMgala kA prakaraNa liyA hai kyoMki 'chaMdasAra' ke anusAra inakA bhI yahI kahanA hai piMgala mata samujhe binA, chaMda racana ko gyAMna / hota na yAte prathama hI, piMgala karata vaSAMna / / isa pustaka meM 7 vilAsa haiN| 1. vilAsa - prayojana 2. vilAsa -- piMgala karmanirUpaNa vilAsa --- mAtrA 4. vilAsa - varNavRtta chaMdanirUpaNa 5. vilAsa - vyaMgi zabdArthanirUpaNa 6. vilAsa - kAvyadoSanirUpaNa 7. vilAsa -- kAvya guNa anuprAsa citra aisA vidita hotA hai ki isa pustaka meM eka vilAsa aura hogA kyoMki anuprAsa citra yAdi ke pazcAt usa samaya kI paddhati ke anusAra alaMkAra prakaraNa honA svAbhAvika hI hai| yaha prakaraNa kAphI bar3A honA cAhie, kintu apanI cAri ha barana nijanija sudharma / nirabighna Acarata kriyA karma / / jahaM baha pravAsa sukha ke nivAsa / tina Upara kaMcana kalasa bhAsa // phahagati dhujA lagi prAsamAna / janu vijaya bhujA nabha bhAsamAna // jaha cauka cAru caure pharAka / tahaM kaTata nacata haya bara calAka // 2 rAjA ke liye likhA hai-caudaha vidyA meM nipuna, cauMsaThi kalA pravIna / penisa dyausa rahai sadA, kavitA ke rasa lIna / : dUsare aura tIsare vilAsa ke 25 se 32 taka ke patra pustaka meM nahIM haiM, inake sthAna para sAde kAgaja lagA diye gae haiN| .

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88 adhyAya 2 -- rIti - kAvya khoja meM maiM use pAne meM asamartha rahA / pustaka ke kucha udAharaNa prathama kavita lachichana kahauM, bahuri prayojana mitra / tAta pAchai barani hau, kArana bheda vicitra / atha kAvya lakSinaM saguna padAratha doSa vihIna, ISada bhUSana kavi krama lIna / puni piMgala matate abiruddha, sau kavitA pahicAnava zuddha / / kAvya ko prayojana-- jasa vinoda vita rAjazrI, ati maMgala kI dAMni / so kavitA pahicAniye, caturAI kI khAni / (inaiM grAdi dai aura hU jAniye)' kAvya kau kAraNa zabdArtha jinate vidhi nIkI, kavita hoti bhAvatI jIkI / tAko praghaTa gUDha ju araththa, jAnau citta kArana samaraththa / / (so vaha citta ko kAraNa trividha hotA hai) 1 isa pustaka ke eka dohe se aisA vidita hotA hai ki inhoMne nAyaka-nAyikA bheda para bhI koI pustaka likhI thI jisakA nAma 'brajeMdraprakAsa' thA / re hamAre anusaMdhAna meM jo mahattvapUrNa hastalikhita pustakeM rotikAla se saMbaMdhita milIM, unakA sAdhAraNa vivaraNa Upara diyA jA cukA hai| ina pustakoM meM kucha to pUrNa haiM aura kucha apUrNa, kintu rIti saMbaMdhI sabhI prasaMgoM kA nirUpaNa samyak rUpa meM milatA hai / ina pustakoM ke pradhAna viSaya ye haiM 1. rasa, 2. dhvani, tathA anya kAvya-sampradAyoM saMbaMdhI prasaMga. 3. alaMkAra, 4. chaMda, 5. nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, 6. sikhanakha, 7. rAga-rAganiyoM kA varNana 8. SoDasa zRMgAra, prAdi / bahuta sI hastalikhita pustakoM kI kaI-kaI pratiyAM upalabdha huIM jaise 'rasa pIyUSanidhi', 'sikhnkh'| inameM se 'sikhanakha' kI to TIkA mAtra para ho hamArA adhikAra hai kyoMki TIkA hI matsya ke manIrAma dvija dvArA kI gaI hai| 'sikhanakha' isake mUla lekhaka balabhadra mizra to orachA ke rahane vAle the / dUsare grantha kI jo pratiyAM prApta huI unameM se kaI to apUrNa haiM kintu jo 3-4 pratiyAM pUrNa 1 yatra tatra gadya-TippaNiyAM bhI dI huI haiM, kintu bahuta sUkSma / 2 'lachchina tiya aru puruSa ke' hAba bhAva savilAsa / prathama vajeMdra prakAsa meM, te saba kiye prakAsa // ' www.jainel

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roti - kAvya milIM unake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla grantha aura usakI pratilipiyoM meM bahuta thor3A aMtara rahA hogA / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jo rItikAlIna paraMparA hindI bhASA-bhASI pradeza meM pracalita ho rahI thI usI se matsya pradeza bhI prabhAvita huA aura aneka navIna rIti-graMthoM kA nirmANa hotA rhaa| sAtha hI kAvyavivecana saMbaMdhI prAmANika graMthoM ko lipibaddha kiye jAne kA kArya bhI calatA rahA / isa viSaya meM rAjAoM kI kAphI ruci thI aura unake darabAroM meM rItikAroM kA zrAdara hotA thA / zradhyAya 2 usa samaya vaise to aneka chaMda tathA alaMkAra pracalita the para adhika prayoga meM Ane vAle chaMdoM kI saMkhyA sImita thI / nirUpaNa granthoM meM chaMda aura alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3ha cukI thI, parantu pracalana meM nahIM / kavivara somanAtha ne alaMkAra aura chaMda ke aneka bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai, aura isI prakAra bahuta se anya kaviyoM ne bhI / hindI ke prasiddha rItikAroM kI taraha yahA~ ke kavi bhI pracalita tathA apracalita sabhI alaMkAroM evaM chaMdoM kA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa karate the / vyAkhyA-praNAlI itanI utkRSTa pratIta nahIM hotI, kintu hindI- pradeza meM jo praNAlI cala rahI thI usase yaha kisI prakAra kama bhI nahIM / bhogIlAla aura rasAnaMda ne hRdayagrAhI praNAlI kA anugamana kiyA, aura rAma tathA brajacaMda Adi kavi sarala praNAlI ke pakSapAtI the / 86 matsya meM jo sAhitya-zAstrI aura siddhAnta-nirUpaNakartA hue unakI kucha vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM 1. rIti ke aMtargata uparyukta sabhI viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA, yadyapi zRMgAra ke bAhulya se isa rasa ko 'rAjatva' pradAna kiyA gayA kintu kAvya ke anya aMgoM kI bhI upekSA nahIM huI, jaise zrRMgArettara rasa, dhvani, guNa, doSa Adi / 2. zrAcArya mammaTa se prabhAvita kavi nAyaka-nAyikA bheda kI ora adhika nahIM jhuke / unhoMne uttama, madhyama tathA adhama kAvya kA varNana usI prakAra kiyA jaise kAvya-prakAza meM hai / hindI ke granya rItigrantha nAyaka-nAyikAbheda tathA zRMgAra ke anya upAdAnoM se adhika prabhAvita haiM kintu matsya pradeza meM nirmita rIti-granthoM meM siddhAnta kA samyak pratipAdana vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / 3. kAvya - nirUpaNa meM prAyaH sarala zailI kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai,

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60 matsya- pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena yaha pravRtti do rUpoM meM lakSita hotI haipra. lakSaNa dene meM, grA. udAharaNa dete samaya / kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM ko samajhAte samaya saralatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai, udAharaNa bhI spaSTa aura sarala diye gaye haiM / matsya meM kaThina kavitA nahIM milatI / isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki sarala kavitA karane vAle ina kaviyoM kI kAvyakalA nimnakoTi kI hai / isa adhyAya meM sthAna-sthAna para die gaye udAharaNa isa bAta ke puSTa pramANa haiM ki kAvya-guNoM kI dRSTi se kavitA kA sAmAnya stara ucca hI rahA / sambhava hai rAjAoM ke lie likhe jAne se ina graMthoM meM saralatA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA ho / 4. prasaMgoM ko samajhAte samaya matsya ke AcAryoM dvArA gadya kA prayoga bhI yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai / usa samaya ko dekhate hue lakSaNagraMthoM meM prApta isa gadya ko hameM sarala aura sugama hI mAnanA par3egA / gadya kA prayoga karate samaya AcAryoM kA dhyAna bolacAla kI sAmAnya bhASA kI ra hI rahA / kavitA meM to viziSTa padaracanA kI ora kucha dhyAna avazya rahatA thA kintu gadya sAdhAraNa hotA thA / sambhava hai una logoM kA anumAna ho ki viziSTa padaracanA ke lie kevala padya hI upayukta sAdhana hai, gadya to bolacAla kI bhASA / gadya ke prayoga se viSaya ko samajhane meM bahuta AsAnI ho gaI hai / 5. yahAM ke kaviyoM dvArA kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya brajabhASA gadya ko hI prayoga huA / alavara meM jo bhASA prayukta huI vaha bhI braja hI hai / isakA pradhAna kAraNa usa samaya brajabhASA kA mahattva tathA kaviyoM kA brajapradeza se thAnA thaa| jaise saMskRta devavANI hone ke kAraNa sarvatra grahaNa kI gaI, ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra sAhitya kI bhASA ke rUpa meM brajabhASA ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA, phira cAhe vaha gadya meM prayukta kI gaI athavA padya meM / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki rItikAla meM matsyapradeza ke kaviyoM kA apanA eka gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / somanAtha ke sambandha meM to hindIjagata ko aba saMdeha hI nahIM rahA kyoMki unakA rasapIyUSanidhi nAmaka graMtha aba hindI sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi bana gayA hai / yahAM aura bhI aneka kavi aise hue jo apanA vyaktigata ucca sthAna rakhate haiM / kalAnidhi, rasAnanda, bhogIlAla aura harinAtha aise nAma nahIM jinheM hindI ke rItikAla kA varNana karate samaya bhulAyA jA sake / kalA

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61 nidhi aura rasAnanda to viziSTa kAvya-zAstrI kahe jAne ke adhikArI haiM aura hindI ke ucca rItikAroM kI zreNI meM inheM rakhA jA sakatA hai / 1 zradhyAya 2 rIti kAvya isa pradeza meM aneka kavi Ate jAte rahate the kyoMki unheM matsya ke rAjAoM ke darabAra meM Azraya aura sammAna milatA thA / kucha kavi to yahIM basa gaye aura kucha samaya-samaya para Ate rahe / bharatapura ke prasiddha kavi kalAnidhi, jo bUMdI ke budhasiMha aura usake pazcAt bhogIlAla ke pAsa raha cuke the bharatapura meM Akara basa ge| isI prakAra bakhtAvara siMha ke darabAra meM rahane vAle bhogIlAla bhI rAjA kA yaza suna kara hI unake pAsa Ae the / samaya-samaya para Ane vAle kaviyoM meM deva, kRSNadAsa aura navIna ke nAma pramukha haiM / yahAM ke kAvya para bhI ina prasiddha kaviyoM kA prabhAva avazya par3A hogA / kahA jAtA hai ki hindI ke suprasiddha mahAkavi deva bharatapura tathA alavara rAjyoM meM padhAre the / ' inake sambandha meM kaI kiMvadaMtiyAM pracalita haiM | navIna bhI idhara Aye / inakA hanidAna eka prasiddha grantha hai aura matsya meM bahuta pracalita thA kyoMki isakI kaI pratiyAM hameM milIM, jinameM se eka ko lipibaddha karane vAle svayaM rasAnanda the / isa pustaka ke anta meM likhA hai AsAr3ha vada 2 saMvat 1866 / hastAkSara rasa zrAnaMda ke bharatapura madhya / zrI rAdhAyai namaH / ---------- bharatapura ke prasiddha sAhityasevI sva0 gokulacandra dIkSita ke pAsa deva ke aneka prAmANika grantha the | unhIM ne bharatapura kA itihAsa 'brajendra vaMzabhAskara' likhA tathA deva ke grantha 'zRMgAravilAsinI' kA saMpAdana kiyA / bahuta dinoM taka yaha kahA jAtA thA ki deva kA 'sujAna vinoda' mahArAjA sujAnasiMha ke liye likhA gayA thA kyoMki sujAnasiMhajI ke samaya meM hI deva kavi DIga padhAre the / rAjA ne unase kavitA sunAne ko bhI kahA thA aura sAtha hI rAjA kI icchA thI ki ve devajI kA kucha prArthika satkAra bhI kareM / na jAne kyoM deva ne kucha nahIM sunAyA aura kahA 'sarasvatI AjJA nahIM detI hai / ' jaba bAra-bAra kahA gayA to deva ne kucha vairAgya saMbaMdhI chaMda sunAye jo 'devazataka' meM sammilita batAye jAte haiM / jaba Apasa meM noMka-jhoMka bahuta bar3ha gaI to deva ne nimna dohA kahA thA pItAmbara phATyo bhalo, sAjo bhalo na TATa / rAjA yeto kA bhayau, rahyau samaya mela nahIM khAtA / jATa ko jATa || kahA jAtA hai ki deva alavara bhI padhAre the kintu isa prasaMga meM deva kA kAla 18 vIM zatAbdI kA pUrva kAla hai aura alavara ke prathama rAjA pratApasiMha kA samaya saM. 1813 se 1=48 vi0 hai / ho sakatA hai jaba ye loga alavara se dUra kusumarA meM rahate the taba devajI vahAM padhAre hoM / inake vaMzaja bhogIlAla to alavara ke rAjyakavi thehI /

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena zrI jI shrii| deva, navona' prAdi ke atirikta aura bhI kavi Ate rahe hoNge| __ isa prakAra matsya pradeza meM rIti-kAvya-dhArA puSkala rUpa meM pravAhita hotI rahI aura anya sthAnoM ke aneka kavi aura vidvAna bhI isameM apane srota milAte rhe| 5 inakI eka anya pustaka 'prabodha rasa sudhAsAra', saMvat 1881 kI likhI huI, aura milI hai|

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adhyAya 3 zRMgAra-kAvya zRMgAra kAvya ke aMtargata kaI prakAra kI kavitA pA sakatI hai, jaise-. 1. lakSaNa granthoM meM die gae udAharaNa, 2. kRSNa kI lIlAoM meM saMyoga tathA vipralaMbha zRMgAra, 3. rAjAroM ke vilAsa kA varNana, 4. Rtu-varNana meM nAyikA Adi kA varNana, 5. 'nakhasikha' yA 'sikhanakha' meM zRMgArI kavitA, 6. vivAha prAdi prasaMgoM meM, 7. rAdhAmaMgala, pArvatImaMgala, jAnakImaMgala Adi avasaroM para isa prakAra ke varNana, 8. zRMgAra rasa ke vizleSaNa hetu likhI kavitA meM kAmuka ceSTAoM ke varNana, 6. horI, aadi| 'nakhasikha' saMbaMdhI kavitA hamane rItikAvya ke aMtargata le lI thI kyoMki usakA pratipAdana eka pracalita praNAlI ke anusAra hotA thA aura jo paddhati baMdha gaI thI usameM koI hera-phera nahIM hotA thA, anyathA yaha prasaMga aura isase saMbaMdhita kavitA bhI zRMgAra ke andara pAtI hai| rItikAvya aura zRMgAra meM aMtara karanA hindI vAloM ke liye thor3A kaThina hai, kyoMki jo sAhitya milatA hai usake AdhAra para vibhAjana-rekhA khIMcanA saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA / siddhAnta rUpa meM kavi jisa samaya taka lakSaNa detA hai athavA kisI bAta ko samajhAtA hai vaha rItikAra hai - AcArya hai, kintu jaba udAharaNa dete samaya sahRdayatA kA anugamana karatA hai to zRMgArI kavi bana jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI sAhitya kA tRtIyakAla 'zRMgArakAla' athavA 'rItikAla' kahalAtA hai| hamane ye donoM bAteM alaga kara dI haiM kyoMki matsya-sAhitya kA adhyayana karate samaya hameM yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI dI ki isa prAnta ke kaviyoM meM prAcAryattva ke guNa adhika haiM aura zRMgArI racanA kI ora unakA itanA dhyAna nahIM / matsya-prAnta meM rAdhAkRSNa kI bhakti kA bahuta pracAra thA ataeva yahAM rAdhA aura kRSNa se saMbaMdhita bahuta sA zRMgArI sAhitya ekatrita ho gyaa| dAna-lIlA

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64 adhyAya 3-zRMgAra-kAvya zrIkRSNa lIlA, uddhava pacIsI, rAsa paMcAdhyAyI Adi prakaraNa matsya meM zRMgAra ke pratiSThApaka bne| yaha sAhitya saMyoga tathA vipralaMbha donoM prakAra kA thaa| zRMgAra kA vizleSaNa karane para hameM isa niSkarSa para AnA par3atA hai ki saMpUrNa nAyaka-nAyikA-bheda bhI zRMgAra kAvya ke aMtargata A jAne cAhithe kyoMki unameM zRMgAra ke atirikta aura hai bhI kyA ? kintu hamane isako bhI nakhasikha ke anusAra rIti ke aMtargata hI liyA hai, kAraNa vahI hai ki isa prasaMga meM bhI kaviyoM ne kucha baMdhI huI pracalita praNAliyoM kA anugamana mAtra kiyA hai aura use lakSaNa tathA udAharaNa ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| rAjasthAna ke sAhitya meM rAjAoM kA vyaktigata vilAsa bhI isa kAvya ke aMtargata pA sakatA hai / yadyapi hamArI khoja meM isa prakAra kA sAhitya bahuta kama mila sakA phira bhI hamArA anumAna hai ki usa samaya kI paristhiti ko dekhate hue aisA sAhitya bhI pracura mAtrA meM honA caahiye| ho sakatA hai yaha sAhitya rAjAoM ke vyaktigata jIvana se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa pracAra na pA sakA ho / rAjAoM dvArA aneka tyauhAra manAye jAte the, jaise holii| darabAra meM musAhiboM ke sAtha holI khelane ke uparAnta mahaloM meM bhI holI hotI thI aura koI kAraNa nahIM ki kavi kI vidagdha aAMkheM vahAM na pahu~cI hoM, kintu isa prakAra kA sAhitya bahuta hI kama mila pAyA hai| hamArI khoja meM kavitta savaiyA aAdi pracalita zRMgArI chandoM ke atirikta kucha pada bhI aise mile haiM jinakA saMbaMdha zRMgAra se hai| ina prasaMgoM meM lakSmaNa tathA urmilA ke zRMgAra se saMbaMdhita pada bahuta mUlyavAna haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM dRSTavya hai ki 1. lakSmaNajI bharatapura rAjya ke iSTadeva rahe haiN| 2. rAdhA-kRSNa saMbaMdhI zRMgArika pada to milate haiM kintu sotA aura rAma saMbaMdhI pada bahata kama haiN| umilA-lakSmaNa saMbaMdhI pada to hindI meM eka mUlyavAna tathA vicitra prasaMga hogA kintu matsya pradeza ke kaviyoM ne lakSmaNa jaise tyAgI ko bhI nAyaka banA DAlA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zrI maithilIzaraNajI ke dvArA isa prasaMga ko lene para hindI-saMsAra meM use maulika udbhAvanA batAyA gayA thA kintu matsya pradeza meM Der3ha so varSa pUrva isa prakAra kI sarasa kavitA ho cukI thii| yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zrI guptajI ko sphUrti pradAna karane meM yaha sAhitya kucha upayogI siddha hunA hogA, lekina yaha bAta mAnanI par3egI ki hamArI khoja ke AdhAra para unakA yaha zrRMgArI prasaMga eka dama nayA nahIM /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 65 3. yaha racanA padoM meM hai, prora padoM ke Upara rAgoM ke nAma zrAdi die hue haiN| 1 yaha to eka mAnI huI bAta hai ki usa samaya ke dUSita aura kAmuka vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa dezI rAjAtroM ko manovRtti zRMgArI racanAoM kI ora tho matsya pradeza kA sAhitya isa dhAraNA kA apavAda sA mAlUma hotA hai / khoja meM milI huI pustakoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki matsya ke rAjA isa sAmayika pravRtti se itane prerita nahIM the / matsya meM jahAM rIti ke grantha haiM vahAM nIti ke bhI haiM, bhakti saMbaMdhI sAhitya hai to rAjanIti bhI hai, dharma-prakaraNa haiM to yuddha-kalA vizAradatA bhI hai, rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke anuvAda haiM to bhAgavata ke bhASA - pArAyaNa bhI haiM, maMgaloM kI racanA huI to sAtha hI anya prAcIna kahAniyAM bhI kahI gaI haiM / isa prakAra matsya ke vividha viSaya-vibhUSita sAhitya meM kAmuka vilAsa kA vaha rUpa dekhane meM nahIM prAtA jisane hindI ke usa kAla kA sAhitya garhita banA diyaa| yahAM ke rAjAoM kA mana bhI isa ora kaise laga pAtA jaba ki 1. yahAM ke rAjA apanI hI jhaMjhaToM meM phaMse rahate the, unake liye na vilAsa kA avasara thA aura na usakI upayuktatA hI, 2. vizeSata: jATa rAjA yuddha ke liye utsuka rahate the, unheM darabAroM meM cupacApa baiThakara zRMgArI kavitA sunane kI na phurasata thI aura na zauka, 3. gosAMIjI, govarddhanajI Adi ke prabhAva se rAdhAkRSNa kI ora pUjyabhAva adhika thA, unake vilAsamaya rUpa kI prora jhukAva nahIM thA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki yahAM ke sAhitya meM eka ora to nAyaka-nAyikA kA adhika pracAra na hone pAyA dUsarI ora kavitta savaiyA prAdi chaMdoM meM zrRMgArI kavitA bhI kama likhI gaI / vaise khAlI maukoM para darabArI kavi kucha zRMgArI racanA avazya sunAte rahe hoMge kyoMki vAtAvaraNa se saba koI prabhAvita hote haiN| phira sarvatragAmI kavi hI kaise pIche rahatA, cAhe vaha jAToM ke darabAra meM ho athavA yuddha - zivaroM meM / vraja meM rAsa lIlAeM bahuta samaya se hotI A rahI haiM, aura ina lIlAoM ke AdhAra para zRMgAra saMbaMdhI kavitA bhI huI-- rAdhA-kRSNa athavA gopI-kRSNa ke nAma se zrRMgArI kavitA meM bahuta vRddhi huI / alavara nareza bakhtAvarasiMha kI likhI "kRSNa-lIlA" meM rAdhA aura kRSNa donoM kA alaga-alaga nakhasikha tathA unakA milana aura krIr3A Adi prasaMga die gae haiN| rAdhA-kRSNa kA yaha nAyaka

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adhyAya 3 - zrRMgAra-kAvya aura nAyikA-svarUpa matsya ke sAhitya meM bahuta kama pAyA jAtA hai| lIlAeM adhika milI jaise kRSNa kI horI athavA phAga lIlA, rasoI lIlA, dAna-lIlA, mAkhana corI lIlA, lIlahArI lIlA, vaidya lIlA, cIraharaNa lIlA / rAjadarabAroM meM bhI aisI pustakoM kI pahu~ca thii| rasa kI dRSTi se isa saMpUrNa kAla ko zRMgAra kAla kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isa yuga meM zRMgAra rasa kI kavitAeM hI pradhAnarUpa meM likhI giiN| matsya kA zRMgAra sAhitya azlola nahIM ho pAyA kyoMki yahAM ke rAjAoM kI ruci vilAsI nahIM thii| zuklajI ke zabdoM meM jaba anya "rAjAoM ke liye karmaNyatA aura vIratA kA jIvana bahuta kama raha gayA thA" taba yahAM matsya meM rAjAroM ke sAmane aneka samasyAeM rahatI thIM jinameM sabase bar3I samasyA tho ghara ke damyu kA damana, rAjya kI sthiti ko sudRr3ha banAnA tathA zatru ke AkramaNa se bacane kI kSamatA rakhanA / bharatapura tathA alavara ke rAjAoM ne aMgreja, marAThe aura musalamAnoM se yuddha ThAne the| apane rAjya kI vRddhi kA bhI unheM barAbara dhyAna rahatA thaa| javAharasiMhajI ke rAjyakAla meM to bharatapura kI sImA bahuta bar3ha gaI thI aura yaha saba rAjA ke vyaktigata utsAha aura saMgaThana ke dvArA huyA thaa| javAharasiMhajI se baladevasiMhajI ke samaya taka vAtAvaraNa isI prakAra kA rahA thA / ' isa prAnta meM pAI gaI kucha pustakoM kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai jinake AdhAra para niSkarSa nikAlate hue kucha vizeSa bAteM kahI jA skeNgii| ___ karaulI ke rAjakumAra ratanapAla bhaiyA kA nAma hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM pAtA hai / 'prema ratanAgara" nAma kI pustaka bahuta prasiddha rahI hai isake racayitA devIdAsa haiM, ratanapAlajI unake AzrayadAtA the|' prastAvanA ke rUpa meM kavi ne likhA hai sadA karaurI deSIye, indrapurI ko ruup| zrI bhaiyA ratanesa kauM, sevata bar3er3e bhUpa / / 1 lArDa leka ke sAtha bharatapura ke yuddha isI samaya meM hue, aura alavara meM bhI mevoM ke prAMdo lana lagabhaga isI samaya ke pAsa-pAsa dabAye gye| isa pustaka kA nirmANakAla isa prakAra hai-- saMvata satraha se barasa, vayAlIsa ru dhyAra / azvani sudi terasa kiyo, graMtha vicAri vicaari|| vaise se to yaha graMtha hamAre kAla meM AtA bhI nahIM parantu karaulI rAjya kA yaha graMtha eka paramparA vizeSa kI ora saMketa karatA hai, jisakA anugamana "neha nidAna" Adi granthoM meM huaa|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena tahAM pAyau devI sukavi daina asIsa udAra , ratanapAla bhaiyA kIyau tAsoM pyAra apAra / eka dinA ase kahyau sAhiba saheta saneha , hama kauM pUrana prema ko ratanAgara kari deha / aura phira isa graMtha kI racanA huii|' isa pustaka meM 5 taraMgeM haiM-- 1. prathama taraMga-kavi, ratanapAla, pustaka-prayojana 2. dvitIya taraMga--"prema kau nirUpa" / prema ke aneka svarUpoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 3. tRtIya taraMga-aneka udAharaNa diye gaye haiM, cakora, mIna, haMsa, __ Adi ke prema ko citrita kiyA gayA hai / 4. caturtha taraMga-anya udAharaNa / 5. paMcama taraMga-isa taraMga meM mI bahuta se udAharaNa die gae haiM / zRMgAra kI apekSA ise 'prema kAvya' kahanA adhika saMgata hogaa| isameM stro aura puruSa kA kAma viSayaka prema nahIM varan prema ke sacce svarUpa kA varNana hai prema ke na jAti pAMti prema ke na rAta dina prema ke na jaMtra taMtra prema ko na nema hai , prema ke na raMga rUpa prema ke na raMka bhapa prema ke to eka rUpa lauha aru hema hai / prema ke na sakha dakSa aura prema ke na hAna lAbha prema ke na jIva tAteM tInU kAla chama hai, devIdAsa ne deSIyau vicAri cAroM juga mAMjha aso yaha pUrana prakAsa nAma prema hai // ' ratanapAla bhaiyA kaviyoM ke bar3e premI the| kahA gayA hai-- zrI bhaiyA ratanesa jU jabahi lei dhana hAtha, ari kavikula-dArida dou bhajata yeka hI sAtha / ratanapAla bhaiyA karaulI nareza dharmapAla ke putra the "dharmapAla sAgara teM upajI" 2 devIdAsa AgarA nagara meM tAjagaMja ke rahane vAle the| AzrayadAtA kI khoja meM karaulI jA nikale, kyoMki unhoMne sunA thA--- rajadhAnI jadupatani kI nagara karaurI rAju , __ tahAM paMDita aru kavina kauM rAjata sakala samAju / phira to karaulI ke rAjakumAra ratanapAla ne inake sAtha bahuta sundara vyavahAra kiyaa| premavyAkhyA ke atirikta devIdAsa ne rAjanIti kA bhI sundara vivecana kiyA hai|

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adhyAya 3 - zRMgAra-kAvya prema kA bahuta sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| eka anya pustaka, matsya ke prasiddha kavi somanAtha dvArA likhita, "premapacIsI" hai / yaha bhI eka zuddha prema kAvya hai jisameM prema ke saMyoga tathA viyoga donoM pakSa citrita kiye gae haiM / isa pustaka kI eka bahuta bhArI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM paMjAbI kA samAveza hai| sAhitya meM yaha eka natana prayoga hai aura sAmAnyataH hindI kAvya meM isa prakAra kI pravRtti dekhane meM nahIM aatii| isa graMtha kI bhASA se yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki kavivara somanAthajI paMjAbI bhASA se suparicita the kintu yaha samajha meM nahIM pAtA ki kavi ko isa prakAra ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA kyoM pdd'ii| isa pustaka meM sthAna-sthAna para paMjAbI veza-bhUSA se susajjita kAvya kA darzana hotA hai| brajabhASA ke kavi somanAtha meM yaha pravRtti pAkara Azcaryamizrita AnaMda hotA hai| isakA anya koI samAdhAna na pAkara hama yahI mAneMge ki ye bhI kavi kA eka prayAsa thA jisameM use saphalatA milo| somanAtha ne rIti-graMtha likhe, prabandha kAvya race, phuTakara kavitAeM kI, bhaktoM ke caritra aura devatAnoM kI kathAeM likhIM, saMskRta pustakoM ke hindI anuvAda kie aura sAtha hI hindI meM paMjAbI ke samAveza kA sundara prayoga bhI kara ddaalaa| prema pacIsI kA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai"atha somanAtha liSyate maMgala mUrati vighana hara sundara tribhuvana pAla , SevaTa prema samudra ke jai jai zrI naMdalAla / kyA konI takasIra tusAr3hI 1 nahiM muSarA diSalAva hai, rAti dinA vina teMDI2 caracA muja, 3 aura na bhAva hai| bedaradI mahabUba giraMde kyoM giraMdagI karatA hai, sauMmanAtha nehI maiM kaisA dila aMdara dA paradA hai / ve tuma sai mahabUba gurvide naina asADe ura jhe haiM, kauna sake surajhAI inoMne pai auroM se surajhe haiN| bedaradhI pahicAni daradha nUM bhalA diyA taiM aradA hai, sauMmanAtha nehI se...... jitthe 3 paira dharai tU jyAnI titthai 5 palaka bichAvAM 6 maiM, teMDI kahaiM kahAnI jisana haMsa haMsa kaMTha lagAvAM maiM / taMDA rUpa guviMde maiDe naino nAla 6 viharadA haiM, sauMmanAtha nehI se...... 1 tusAr3hI, 2 teMDI, 3 mujanUM aAdi paMjAbI prayoga / 1 se 6 taka saMketita zabdoM ko dekhie ekadama paMjAbI bhASA hai kintu khubI yaha hai ki isa bhASA ko hindI vAle acchI taraha se samajha sakate haiM aura koI kaThinAI nahIM hotii|

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matsya- pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena davaMda vedarada kanhaiyA je pana kauM prati pAleM haiM, pAka najari pahicAni gahagahI garu ve darada usAla haiM / prema paMtha meM Dagardai jAnI aba kyoM hiye somanAtha nehI se...... haradA hai, prema pacIsI hindI sAhitya meM ekadama naI cIja hai isa kAla ke anya kaviyoM meM hameM paMjAbI bhASA kA yaha rUpa nahIM milatA / prema kI dRSTi se bhI yaha prema laukika nahIM hai, yaha to kRSNa ke prati prema hai jaisA pustaka ke caubIsaveM padya se spaSTa hai | tujha bina zrI vRjacaMda caMdrikA caMdana tana hita cAva hai, rucade nahIM dukUla raMga saMga phUla sUla sarasAve hai / ta~De liye na laradA jo bhI nAhaka loga jhagaDadA hai| somanAtha nehI seM ... aura aMta meM to kavi ise spaSTa rUpa se "naMda kisora nimitta" kaha detA hai sUra pacIsA prema ko suni suSapAvai citta somanAtha kavi ne racyo naMdakisora nimitta / " isa bAta kA nirAkaraNa nahIM ho pAtA ki grArambha meM pustaka kA nAma prema pacIsA kahakara aMta meM sUra pacIsA kyoM kahA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai isakA saMbaMdha kavi ne gopI aura kRSNa viraha se jor3A ho aura isa prasaMga meM bhramara gIta ke nAte sUra kA smaraNa kara liyA ho / kRSNa kA varNana bhI sthAna-sthAna para prAtA hai / jaise-- && pacaraMga pAga laTapaTI tisarpa kalagI manigana vArI hai, kuMDila zravana kamala se locana caMdra badana ujiyArI hai / yauM bani ke vrajacaMda kyoM nahI maiMDe Dagarani karadA hai, somanAtha nehI seM.... kasakata hamesA teMDI vaMka vilokani tiSSI hai, nA jAnUM e paiM kitthaM jAlama jAdU siSpI hai / maiM tuja hattha vikAyA mohana huna kyoM kAnha somanAtha nehI saiM...... karadA hai, tujhanUM binA niraSaM mohana mujhanUM caina na paradA hai, yaha pustaka silekhAnA lAibrerI dvArA preSita rAjakIya pustakAlaya bharatapura meM milI thI / isI jilda meM "pra ema pacIsA" kI eka granya hastalikhita prati bhI hai jisameM "aMdara dA" ke sthAna para "aMdara vica" likhA huA hai / anya bAtoM meM aMtara nahIM hai / pustaka ke dekhane se nimnalikhita bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai

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100 zradhyAya 3 zrRMgAra-kAvya 1. yaha kavitA vizada, svaccha evaM sundara pada-yojanA yukta hai, 2. pustaka ke par3hane se kavitA kI abAdhagati lakSita hotI hai, bhASA to hindI hI hai kintu paMjAbI mizrita hai - vizeSataH sarvanAma tathA kAraka cinha, 4. dUsarI prati meM isakI bhASA ko "rekhatA" kahA gayA hai jisakA abhiprAya khaDI bolI ke urdU rUpa se hai, 5. isa pustaka ke prArambha aura aMta ke do dohe zuddha brajabhASA meM haiM, bIca ke pacIsa chaMda paMjAbI mizrita haiM / kAvya ke kSetra meM matsya ke rAjA bhI pIche nahIM rahe / alavara ke bakhtAvarasiMha, bharatapura ke baladevasiMha tathA karaulI ke ratanapAla acche kavi the / bakhtAvarasiMhajI ne "zrIkRSNalIlA " likhI hai jisameM bhakti ke sAtha-sAtha rAdhAkRSNa saMbaMdhI zRMgAra, nakhasikha sahita, pAyA jAtA hai / kavitA yatheSTa acchI hai aura usa meM pravAha bhI hai, pahalA hI dohA dekheM 1 vidhana harana maMgala karana durada badana ikadaMta parasa dharana asarana sarana buddhi deva baravaMta | rAjA ne racanA karate samaya bhaktibhAva kI ora vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai jaisA nimna dohe se vidita hotA hai rAdhAkRSNa sudRSTi sauM mama ura bhakti prakAsa, gar3ha lIlA bana dAna kI varSo kRSNa vilAsa / vAstava meM yaha lIlA "zrIkRSNa dAna -lIlA " hai kevala " zrIkRSNa lIlA " nahIM jaisA hastalikhita prati meM likhA gayA hai / pustaka meM lekhaka ke nAma Adi kA bhI ullekha hai aura sAtha hI pustaka likhane ke uddezya kA bhI / ' pustaka ke Arambha meM kavi apanI namratA aura zIla kA paricaya detA hai -------- 1 kavi kA nAma tathA nivAsa ? rAdhAkRSNa upAsa hai baSatAvara nija nAma narU vaMsa kachavAha kula mAcAr3I zubha grAma / upAsyadeva - rAdhAkRSNa nAma vaMza grAma - bakhtAvara - narUvaMza, kula * mAcAr3I www kachavAha

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena . kAvya rIti samujhauM nahIM hai merI mati maMda , maiM to kachu jAnauM nahIM tuma jAnauM goviMda / pustaka se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjA ne apane darabAro kavi yA anya kisI zreSTha kavi kI bAta mAnakara isa pustaka kI racanA kI kavi iMdara AjJA daI kIja kRSNa vilAsa , AjJA baSata pramAna kari lInI nija ura dhAra / ' rAdhA ke 'naSasiSa' ke aMtargata kucha chaMda dekheN| ina chaMdoM meM svaccha bhASA, svAbhAvika alaMkAra tathA varNanazailo kI utkRSTatA dekhane yogya hai / camakata cauMpa cAra cita coSI / damakati dAmini duti dui possii| kAnana kuMDala kanaka kalita hai / cAru taronA capala calita hai| jaga maga jUDA joti jugata hai / paragaTa pATI prema pagati haiN| bainI bimala pIThi para rAjai / nAgina kadalI patra virAjai / / lola kapola gola mana mohaiM / ThorI cibuka cAru duti sohaiM / uravica kuca suca raci ruca rAjai / kanaka kaMda duti deSata lAjai // varNana kI dRSTi se zRMgAra ke sabhI upAdAna prastuta kiye gae haiMsakhI varNana saMga kI saSI sabai sabai siMgAra sAji ke| aMga propa adbhuta anaMga raMga rAjikai / / maMda maMda mAninI gayaMda gauna gaaminii| keli karNa kAminI calIM manau sudAminI / / vana, vRkSa, paMchI Adi sabhI uddIpana-kArya meM sahAyatA pradAna kara rahe haiM tamAla tAla pAla aura sAla bhAMti bhAMti haiN| pharAsa bAMsa pAsa o palAsa pAMti pAMti haiN| 2 . ' saMbhava hai "kavi iMdara" bhogIlAla hI hoM kyoMki ve rAjA ke pAsa rahate the aura unakI kavitA bhI ucca koTi kI hotI thii| ye chaMda "rAdhA ko naSasiSa zagAra varNanaM" ke aMtargata haiN| isa varNana meM bhI pUjya bhAvanA kI rakSA niraMtara hotI rahI hai, kahIM bhI vAsanA kA AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| yaha isa kavi kI vizeSatA hai anyathA isa yuga meM rAdhAkRSNa ke nAma para nimnakoTi kI zRgArI kavitA milatI hai|

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102 zradhyAya 3 - zrRMgAra-kAvya siMgAra hAra bhAra tU tapAdarA udAra hai / suvarNa jUthikA juhI juhIM suDAra DAra hai / boleM kapota kekI kulaMga, kokilA kIra sArauM suraMga / cAtaka su caSi caMDUla cAra, khagarAja vvAla khaMjana apAra / rAdhA ke sAtha kRSNa kA nakhasikha bhI diyA huA hai vakSasthala dRr3hatA prati dhaare| maNika lAla bhRgu latA bihAre // 8 bhuja dhvaja gaja suMDana paramAneM / komala kara laSi kaMjana jAneM // aMga aMga chavi varaNina jAI / koTikAma duti dekhi lajAI || rAdhA ke sAtha unakI sakhiyAM, kRSNa ke sAtha unake sakhA, bana kA sundara sthAna phira rAdhA-kRSNa kA milana sukhadAI kyoM na hotA ! gahavara vana' mohana lasai tiha maga rAdhA grAi, jurI sudRSTihi parasapara varSAta kahata siranAi / [ yahAM bhI lekhaka kA pUjyabhAva kathA ke sAtha hai ] aura phira to kRSNa rAdhA kA vahI ciraparicita premamaya jhagar3A - ho tuma kauna gopa kI jAI / bina bUjhaiM mahavana meM zrAI // dAna - lIlA kA varNana bahuta sundaratA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai aura kavi ne likhA dAna keli goviMda kI basau sadA rAdhA sahita isa lIlA kA phala bhI likhA hai- varanI vaSata banAi / mo ura meM jadurAi // badrInAtha darasa ke kone / jo phala so yAmeM cita dIne // jo phala jagannAtha paraseteM / so yaha hari lIlA darase teM // kRSNa aura rAdhA ke prema-yukta vArtAlApa kA eka udAharaNa mohana sunau kahai brajanArI / hamarI bATa kahA pravArI // tuma ho dAna kauna so cAho / so kini paragaTa hamaiM laSAho || " nae dAna" kI bAteM sunakara kRSNa ne kahA 1 ' gahavara bana' braja caurAsI kosa meM AtA hai | nayeM kaheM hama kachu na lajAveM / naI naI kaho bAta sunAveM // yo saghana bana yaha nihAroM / naI naI tumasuni citadhAro //

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena phUla pAna phala naye nayeM haiM / naye subAdara bhUmi rahe haiM // naI capalA camakata darase / naI naI bUMdana ghana barase // su naI sabAnI paMchI boleN| naye naye bana karata kiloleM // naI naI tuma bani Thani zrAI | naI bela taravara para chAI / / naye sulahaMgA cIra naye haiM / saba prAbhUSaNa naye naye haiM // naye suphala 'kauM jo tuma dhAro / naye naye cita nahIM vicAro // kaho naye phala tumahi caSAveM / jo kachu dAna nayo so pAveM // aba rAdhA dvArA kI gaI 'kAle raMga' kI burAI dekheM syAma raMga ko ko patiyAve / hiye hamAre kabahu na bhAve || dekho syAma sarpa haiM jete / prauguNa viSateM bhare haiM tete // kAre kAma kareM vidhi SoTe / syAma raMga saba hI haiM choTe // uttara meM zyAma apane bhole bhAle mukha se kAle raMga kI prazaMsA karate haiM Sa para syAma diThaunA sohai / syAma civuka tila prati mana mohe // dehu dAna kyoM rAri bar3hAvo / ThAr3hI kabakI bacana banAyo // isake bAda muralI se saba ko mugdha kara liyA aura usa bana meM gAna, nRtya, keli, krIr3A, rasaraMga kI dhUma maca gaI. pariNAma yaha huA ki -- manamohana mohI vraja bAmA, sarasa raMga rIjhI suni syAmA / zraura isa prakAra zRMgAra ke suSTha vAtAvaraNa meM dAna dene aura lene ke rUpa meM lIlA samApta hotI hai / isa pustaka kA nirmANakAla isa prakAra hai saMvata yuga sivavadana' vasu, sasi yuta kArtikamAsa / kRSNa pakSa SaSTI budhe, pUraNa dAnavilAsa || kavi ne lIlA racane kA sthAna bhI batAyA hai " jagara magara saMpati agara sohata nagara nagIca baSata racI lIlA su yaha alavara gar3ha ke bIca / maMgala zrI goviMda ko varanyau baSata pravIna " Tara maMgala nitahi nita maMgala karana navIna // 103 pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai " iti zrI kachavAha kula narUkA rAvarAjA vaSatAvarasiMha viracita zrI rAdhAkRSNa dAnalIlA varNanaM " " paThanArtha divANajI rAmalAlajI " isa pustaka meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM haiM 1. kavitA kA stara ucca koTi kA hai /

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104 adhyAya 3 - zRgAra - kAvya 2. pustaka meM vrajabhASA ke nikhare rUpa kA darzana hotA hai / 3. saMpUrNa varNana meM zRMgAra rasa kA pratipAdana bahuta hI saMyata tathA pUjya bhAva se kiyA gayA hai| 4. zRMgAra ke sabhI upakaraNa nAyaka, nAyikA, nakhasikha, krIDA, keli, sakhA, sakhI, vyaMgya vacana Adi susaMgata rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| 5. saMbhava hai kisI acche kavi ne pracAra kI dRSTi se yaha pustaka rAjA ke nAma se calA dI ho kyoMki itanI suMdara kavitA kA, sAdhAraNatayA, rAjAoM kI racanA meM milanA saMbhava nahIM hotA phira bhI itanA avazya mAnanA par3egA ki yaha saba bAteM rAjA kI AjJA se hI huI hoMgI, kyoMki yaha tathA anya pustakeM rAja kIya pustakAlaya meM hI bahuta dinoM taka rahI thiiN| bakhtAvarasiMhajI ke pautra zivadAnasiMhajI' ke zikSaNArtha eka pustaka 'zivadAnacandrikA likhI gaI, jisake racayitA kavi mAna the / pustaka ke uddezya kA varNana karate hue kavi ne batAyA ki zivadAnasiMhajI ko kAvya-jJAna karAnA hI isa pustaka kA uddezya thA / pustaka kI bhASA sarala aura nikharI huI hai udita bhAna paratApa pragaTa kUrama kula mNddn| kIne ari gaNa lupta timira durgana dala paMDana // ___ isa pustaka meM baravA chaMda ke mAdhyama se kucha bahuta hI sundara prasaMga haiN| nAyikA kI zAna dekhie aMga acala muSa bacanA anasika naina , pratarI kI gati bhInI kInI maina / aMcala caSa aniyAre caMcala cAla , kaMjana bhaMjana khaMjana gaMjana bAla / 1 zivadAnasiMhajI kA zAsana kAla saMvat 1914 se 1931 taka rhaa| 2 isa pustaka kI racanA kavi mAna ne kI thii| "iti zrI manmahArAja kaMvAra zrI zivadAna siMhajI hita kavi mAna racita zivadAna candrikA nAma graMtha smaapt|" 3 pustaka kI samApti kA samaya saMbata nabhadeg zazi nidhi mahI1 phAguna zubha supakSa / datiyA bAsara bhUmista graMtha bhayo paratakSa / likhane kA prAraMbha-- saMmata vidhu vidhu nabha' nidhI bahuri ganapati' daMta / caita budhAsita aSTamI liSI "mAna" sunisaMta //

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 3 rAdhe mohana doU sAja sukIna mukaTa benu cunariyA keli navIna / 1 baravai chaMda meM mAna dvArA kI gaI yaha racanA bahuta hI sundara bana par3I hai / yadyapi baravA chaMda avadhI bhASA meM prasphuTita gaura vikasita hotA hai, kintu kavi mAna ne vah camatkAra braja bhASA meM kara dikhAyA | 105 bharatapura kI khoja meM kucha racanAeM 'catura' ke nAma se milatI haiM / catura zabda kA prayoga aneka zabdoM ke sAtha huA hai, jaise catura mAna, catura mohana, catura naMda, catura pIva, catura sakhI, catura sUra, catura chaila, catura rasika Adi / kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki mahArAja baladevasiMhajI svayaM hI isa nAma se kavitA kiyA karate the / kahIM-kahIM 'catura priyA' zabda bhI AtA hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki isa nAma se mahArAja baladevasiMhajI kI rAnI amRtakaura kavitA kiyA karatI thiiN| isameM koI bhI saMdeha nahIM ki rAnI amRtakaura kAvya meM abhiruci rakhatI thIM, aura kaI grantha inako samarpita kie gae the / catura dvArA likhita 'tilocana lolA' meM zrRMgAra saMbaMdhI kaI sundara prasaMga Ate haiN| apane anusaMdhAna meM hameM isa pustaka kI do pratiyAM miloM, eka meM 48 patra haiM aura dUsare meM 87 | dUsarI prati meM kucha anya bAteM bhI saMgRhIta haiM / donoM pratiyAM kisI eka hI lipikAra kI likhI pratIta hotI haiM / ina donoM pratiyoM ko dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki catura ne aneka sthAnoM se saMgraha kiyA aura apanI kavitA bhI likhI / tilocana lIlA meM koI vizeSa zrRMgArI prasaMga to nahIM hai phira bhI zRMgAra rasa ke chIMTe pravazya hI haiM / catura ne 'pada maMgalAcarana basaMta horI' nAma kI zRMgAra rasa se pUrNa eka anya pustaka likho hai / yaha pustaka bharatapura rAjya ke iSTadeva zrI lakSmaNajI se sambandhita 'nAyakA kI svAbhAvika evaM sarala zrAkRti se saMbaMdhita ye baravaM bahuta uttama haiM /

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106 adhyAya 3 -zRMgAra-kAvya hai|' pustaka kA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai ___ 'zrI gaNezAya namaH / zrI sarasvatI namaH / zrI gurabhyo namaH / zrI lakSmaNajI sahAya / atha maMgalA caraNa ke pada liSyate / rAga Imana tAla dhImo titaalo| isa pustaka meM iSTa lakSmaNajI ko hI mAnA gayA hai aura unake sAtha hI tInoM bhAiyoM ko bhI mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai / jaise tribhuvana mohana chavi dhare dasaraththa dulAre / cAroM catura ke hiya te mati hUjau nyAre // sAtha hI aneka devI devatAoM kA varNana bhI hai| kRSNa kI horI kA eka pada dekhie rAga bilAvala tAla jalada titAlonaMdalAla yaha ThITha kanhaiyA picakIna raMga macAvai / bIca gaila kai ThADhoI nAca burI burI gAri sunAvai // tU ju kahai cali paniyA bharana ko utahai jAna na pAvai / catura chaila se chalabala karike binaraMga koU na jAve // pustaka ke padoM meM adhikAMza pada hameM ayodhyA hI le jAte haiN| rAma aura sItA rAga alhaiyA pADau cotAlau jhUlata raMga hiDoreM dou mila jhUlata raMga hiDora / raghukula nandana aura janaka naMdanI citavana meM cita cora // lakSmaNajI bharatapura ke iSTa the| kavi ne anyatra likhA hai| bhajo mana lakSmaNa rAjakumAra / sakala suSSa dAyaka bhaktana ko abhimata ke dAtAra / / teja pratApa puMja ekahi jaga pragaTa zesa avatAra / pAkhaMDana ke druma samUha kauM dAvAnala su pajAra / / cAravAka sailana phorana ko indra vajra sama tyAra / bodha aMdhakAra meMTana kauM sUraja udai sudAra // jainI mata mataMga madive paMcAnana bala sAra / mAyAvAda bhujaMga bhaMgahita garur3a kahata nirdhAra / / vizva ziromaNi zrI raghuvara ke jaya kI dhvajA prakAra / saranAgata ke pApa puMja meMTana ko gaMgAdhAra // ase prabhu ko sevana sarvatra aura vrathA vyohAra / citta lagAya catura tAhI teM tari bhava pArAvAra / / 2 yaha spaSTa hI hai ki 'catura' saMgIta ke marmajJa the|

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107 matsya deza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena janakisutA ko rUpa niraSi ke AnaMda bhari jhkjhori| catura sakhI mahArAja rijhAvai bUkA ur3ati bhari kori|| aba 'lachamana chaila' dekhie'--- lachamana chaila phAga ke mAte jhUlata raMga hiDorai pyaarau| saradacaMda maiM kanakalatA mili muni jati ke cita corauM / raMga ke se bhIne jhuki jhuki bhai jhoTana meM jhakajhora pyaarii| catura sakhI AnaMda raMga bhari ke rAjiMda paM trana toreM / lakSmaNa ko aise rUpa meM dekhanA hindI sAhitya meM eka bilakSaNa bAta hai| sAketa meM zrI maithilIzaraNa dvArA citrita lakSmaNajI catura ke lachamana chaila se pIche hI par3a jAte haiN| eka bAta aura hai / guptajI ke lakSmaNa aAdhunikatA lie hue haiM aura bAtoM kA jamA kharca bar3e karIne se karate haiN| unakI patnI urmilA bhI isa aAdhunikatA meM kisI bhI prakAra apane pati se kama nahIM hai| caturajI ke lakSmaNa aura urmilA apekSAkRta prAcInatA lie hue haiM lekina keli-krIDA meM thor3e Age bar3he hue haiN| jhUle kA prasaMga abhI-abhI dekhA hI hai| una dinoM lakSmaNajI ko eka bhakta aura tyAgI rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA jAtA thA, horI aura zRgAra se unakA kyA sarokAra, lekina caturajI ne apanI holI ke 'huraMge' meM unako bhI le liyA hai| ve hI nahIM, isa 'hur3adaMga' se parama tapasvI bhagavAna zaMkara bhI nahIM bacane pAye / ye dekhie zaMkarajI bhI holI khela rahe haiM zaMkara khelata horI / saMga girirAja kishorii| jaTA jUTi sira upara kasikai muMDamAla daha torI / Damaru trisUla DAra doU karata lai picakAri saMjorI / / abira bharalaI nija jhorI meM zaMkara khelata horii| vaise lakSmaNa ke prati unakA bhakti aura zraddhA se yukta pUjya bhAva hai / 'bhajo mana lakSmaNa rAjakumAra'-isakA eka acchA udAharaNa hai| bahuta se anya sthAnoM para bhI kavi ne isI prakAra likhA hai suSa kI avadhi avadhi kauM vasivau / siyavara laSana bharatha ripuhana kauM nitahI darasa drsivii| sarajU taTa nikuMja kuMjani ko vimala vilAsa vilasivI // 3 1 chala ke rUpa meM lakSmaNa kA svarUpa vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| lakSmaNajI kI aisI jhAMkI bahuta hI kama milatI hai / 2 saradacaMda lakSmaNa aura kanakalatA umilaa| jhUle para donoM ke milakara jhUlane kA dRzya aura jhakajhorI dekhane yogya haiN| 3 kavi hameM ekadama ayodhyApurI le jAtA hai, jahAM sarayU pravAhita ho rahI hai| braja meM isa prakAra kI bhAvanA pAra dRzya-citraNa apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhate haiN|

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108 adhyAya 3 --zRMgAra-kAvya lakSmaNa aura urmilA saMbaMdhI kucha aura padaatha SasaSAne ke pada rAga sAraMga tAla dhImo titAlau mahala sarada dou mili baiThe Sasa ke paradA lagAye rI AlI / lakSmaNa chaila umilA rAnI sarajU tIra lubhyAyairI pAlI // madanavAna aura phUla mogarA pusapa gulAba lagAyeyerI aalii| catura saSI phUlana kI sijyA proDhata haiM sukha chAyerI pAlI // lokagIta ke rUpa meM eka aura-lakSmaNa ke prati dasaratha rAjakumAra sAvaraNa lUmyauM chai jI raaj| the kita lUme rAjadulAre nAhiM aura te kAja // dhana jovana ke ho matavAre hamaiM prIti kI lAja / catura pIva tuma hI niramohI hamatai nAhina kAja / / 'pada maMgalAcaraNa basaMta horI' graMtha, patra saMkhyA 228 ke uparAnta bhI, adhUrA hai, patA nahIM isa grantha-ratna meM aura kyA-kyA lAlitya thaa| rAma, lakSmaNa aura aMjanikuMvara se saMbaMdhita eka vicitra citra pradAna karanA isa pustaka kI vizeSatA hai| rAdhA aura kRSNa sambandhI pada bhI isa pustaka meM haiM kintu bahuta kama, aura adhika hote bhI to koI vizeSa bAta nahIM thI kyoMki rAdhA-kRSNa kA zRgAra to usa samaya kI sarvatra pracalita paddhati thii| lakSmaNajI kA nAma nIce likhe kaI kAraNoM se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai 1. bharatapura ke mahArAja veMkaTeza lakSmaNajI ke ziSya the| 2. bharatapura meM lakSmaNajI ke do maMdira haiM: eka purAnA-zrI veMkaTeza lakSmaNajI kA, aura dUsarA-nayA bAjAra vAle lakSmaNajI kaa| sAdhAraNarUpa se lakSmaNajI ke maMdira kama hI dikhAI dete haiN| 3. bharatapura rAjya kI patAkA para likhA rahatA hai-- _ 'zrI lakSmaNajI sahAya' isa pustaka meM khar3I bolI ke bhI pada haiM mohi nAhaka kyoM de gaalii| syAvAsi syAma mohi gAlI de tU tAlI dehai kyA yaha hAli nikaalii| caTaka maTakai SaTakai atihI haTake ghuughttvaalii| catura kAna toso jIte tosI lAja sakuca saba DAlI / /

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106 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena zrRMgAra rasa kI eka sundara jhAMkI kavi bholAnAtha ' dvArA racita 'lIlA pacIsI' nAmaka pustaka meM milatI hai| isa pustaka meM pAMca prasaMga haiM aura chaMdoM kI saMkhyA 107 hai / pustaka ke anta meM 'lIlA prakAsa' nAma diyA huA hai / dUsare prasaMga kA eka udAharaNa aise sundara samaya meM jaba prakRti apane uddAma yauvana meM hai kuMjana meM druma beli phUli meM rahati sadA prati / guMjata maMju maliMda vRMda gati maMda sadA gati // tarani tanUjA nIra tIra kallola suhAI / nAcata matta mayUra haMsa vaga sArasa nAMI // vRMdAvana sukhadhAma priyA pItama kau chAjata / jahAM kAma zrabhirAma vAma saMga sadA virAjata / / samaya hota riturAja sarada kI reMni suhAI / daMpati jaMha viharaMta kAma kI phirata duhAI // kisuka bakula anAra va druma phUlI belii| kuhU kuhU pika puMja maMju guMjata ali kelI // tRtIya prasaMga meM - ye dvArikA prAya mile kuraSeta heta kari / kiye manoratha saphala sabana ke saba vidhi ke hari // upari gayo taba mAna bAlake hiyateM tyauM hI, kahI bar3e rijhavAra na cahiyata yaha tauM tyoM hI / lagI ghAya priya hiyeM beli jyauM bAla bihasike, rASI garai lagAi hAya kahi gAr3he kasikeM / laSi laSi dRgana praghAta mudita mana hota darasa prati, ika siMghAsana lasata doU daMpati ananya gati / " bholAnAtha, mahArAja sUrajamala ke putra nAharasiMha ke Azraya meM rahate the / sUraja lauM parattacha akhila bhuva maMDala lahiye / sUrajamalla bhuvAla acala acalA meM kahiye // nAharasiMgha prasiddha putra tinako jagamAhIM / nita kavi bholAnAtha basata tinakI hita chAMhI // tinako hI mata pAi jathA mati lIlA baranI / chUTa jAya trayatApa par3hata zrI sunata sukaranI // 2 yaha vRndAvana kI keli-krIDA yA 'mahArAsa' nahIM hai, pratyuta kurukSetra meM punarmilana ke avasara para kRSNa kA rAdhA Adi se milanA hai /

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110 adhyAya 3 -- zRMgAra-kAvya caturtha prasaMga meM 'rUpa' dekhie amala kamala dala naina badana sasi dasana bisada ati / kuMDala kalita kapola lalitatara kuMtala hRta mati // pIta basana banamAla gara mohata marAla gati / aMbara nita cita basati dRgani ThAMnI vaha mUrati // ThADhe bolati kAna baiThi po hu kAnhahi / Ae prAMvahi kAnha na pAe kyauMkari dhyAnahi // cahaMghA citavata kAnha hasata bolata kAnhahi kahi / tohi kahA ali mayo bAni taja yaha kina sudhi gahi // kaise sudhi-siSa gahauM arI tU to bhaI baurI / kAnha kAnha phiri kAnha kAnha kAnheM muSa DhorI // aMtima prasaMga meM jamunA tIra tamAla mAdhurI milata kadaMvani / saurabha sukhada samIra bhIra bhauMrana kI aMvani / / sudhi kIjai kihi bhAMti sAtha jai sukha hama lIne / kahau Aju mahArAja kahAM ve dina paravIne / sudhi kI sudhi jAti sabai sudhi samajhahu hitakI / prabhu sauM kachu na basAi bichohI karata na citakI // isa choTI sI pustaka meM 1. saMyoga tathA viyoga zRgAra ke ubhaya pakSa kA uttama citraNa hai / 2. kavitA sarasa aura ucca koTi kI hai| 3. sthAna-sthAna para prakRti-varNana ke sundara prasaMga haiN| 4. isa pustaka ke likhane kI nizcita tithi to nahIM milatI, kiMtu isameM sandeha nahIM ki isakA nirmANa mahArAja sUrajamala ke samaya meM huA kyoMki isameM unhIM ke rAja kA varNana hai aura unhIM ke putra rAjakumAra nAharasiMha kI AjJAnusAra ise likhA gayA thaa| bharatapura meM vartamAna kile ke andara eka maMdira hai jo bihArIjI kA maMdira kahA jAtA hai| yaha maMdira kizorI mahala ke pAsa hI hai / yahA~ ke eka mahanta 'brajadUlaha' nAma se kavitA karate the| inakA samaya bhI balavaMta kAla ho hai| inhoMne spaSTa likhA hai mAjI zrI amRta kauri bhUpa balavaMta jU kI, sadA rAma rAmAnuja rakSA karibI kreN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena yaha pustaka pracalita rAga-rAganiyoM meM likhI gaI hai / rAga Imana dekhie horI horI kahA kahatI DoleM / agavAraM pichavAra girA manamAMnI tU gArI bolai // chIna laUM terI Daphai muraliyA itanI Thasaka magarUrIkhole / brajadUlaha jU chaila anokho haMsi haMsi ke tU batiyAM cholai // ( kitanI tez2a hai yaha nAyikA ! ) eka dUsarI nAyikA dekhie jo kRSNa ke kAraNa sahamI huI hai - ' larakaiyA' jo hai-- picakArI na mArauM kanhaiyA merI cunari bhIjai daIyA | aba hI mola laI manamohana sAsa lar3e ghara saiyA || nagara cavAba kareM saba nArI tere paroM meM paMyA / brajadUlaha horI khela na jAnI kahA karo larakaiyA // do vibhinna nAyikAoM kA citra hamAre sAmane hai / inameM se eka uddhata, joradAra aura hAthApAI karane vAlI hai, aura dUsarI lar3akanI, sahamI tathA horI khelane kI rIti se anabhijJa hai / isa pustaka meM anya kaviyoM ke chaMda bhI milate haiM / 'dhIraja' kA eka chaMda dekhie - 111 gokula gujareTI rUpa lapeTI jovana garbha-garUra bharI / sasibadanI mRganeMnI suMdara hAra hamela jarAba jarI // raMga raMgIlI aru caTakIlI mulakata aMgiyA prati sutharI / alaka lar3I alabelI dhIraja cAla calata gaja mattavarI // ina mahAzaya ne bhI rAma aura lakSmaNa ko holI ke chailoM meM dAkhila kara diyA hai / horI peleM jI rAma janakapura maiM / rAma lakhana bharatAnuja cyAroM adbhuta vIra lasata tana maiM / bhari bhari raMga avadhi ko rAjA pheMkata hai cali cali mukha maiM || aura yaha hai urmilA, mAMDavI aura zrutikIrti kI holI / horI pelata zrI rAma anuja nArI / urmilA mAMDavI zrutikIrti saba ThAr3I haiM jUtha jUtha nyArI / bahu bhUSaNa zubha cIra laseM ura naka besari mukha chavi bhArI / / mahala mahala mili nArI sulakSaNa bolata haiM zubha vAri vArI / phiriphiri nAri dhAri tana mAre haraSata haiM sItA pyArI //

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112 adhyAya 3-zRMgAra-kAvya isa saMgraha meM kucha hAsyamaya lokagIta bhI haiM--- 1. rasiyA are sunijAre bAlama pIpara tare kI batiyA / maiMne maMgAye girI chuhAre lAyau pyArau maTara bhunAya / pIpara'..... maiMne maMgAye mathurA ke perA pyArau lAyau bIrI baMdhAya / pIpara...... motI mahala ke bIca dariyAI ko bNglaa| rAjA kI beTI ne bAga lagAyau deSana pAyA ujIra aai terI sauM dekhana AyA ujIra / rAjA kI beTI ne mahala cinAyA....... rAjA kI beTI rasoI tapAI, jaimana..... rAjA kI beTI ne seja bichAI, pauDhana'.. re dariyAI kA baMgalA 3. are samaliyA pherI de de jAi maiM na bhaI ghara apne| ghara ke balama kau SATI mherii| pyAre tumakU mevA pakavAI..... vIrabhadra kRta 'phAgu lIlA' meM horI ke avasara para kRSNa kI eka sarasa lIlA kA varNana milatA hai| kRSNa eka gopa kA rUpa banA kara usake ghara jA pahu~ce aura usakI aTArI meM so gaye / gopa ko pahale se hI kucha saMdeha thA ataeva idhara se jAte samaya kaha gayA thA ki usakI anupasthiti meM ghara meM koI vyakti ghusane na pAve / gopa kI mAM ne jaba kRSNa ko gopa ke rUpa meM ghara pAyA hamA dekhA to usane samajhA gopa A gayA aura use andara calA jAne diyaa| jaba thor3e samaya bAda asalI gopa AyA to mAM ne daravAjA nahIM kholA kyoMki vaha samajhato thI ki usakA beTA to aTArI meM so rahA hai yaha dUsarA vyakti chaliyA kRSNa hI hogaa| asalo gopa ke bahuta kucha kahane para bhI daravAjA nahIM kholA gayA, 1 kavi ne inakA saMgraha horI ke aMtargata kiyA hai| isa saMgraha meM bArahamAsA bhI hai aura isa saMpUrNa saMgraha kA uddezya bhI nimna dohe se spaSTa hai kaccI daini dakSiNA hI Age taiM hamesa kI jo, ___ mAjI zrI amRta kauri pakkI kara dInI so| yaha saMgraha saMvata 1860 ke lagabhaga kA mAlUma hotA haiN| isameM mIrAM aura sUra ke pada bhI milate haiM, kintu jina padoM kA ullekha yahAM kiyA gayA hai ve nizcaya hI bharatapura ke kaviyoM dvArA racita haiM, kyoMki lakSmaNa kA yaha rUpa anyatra saMbhava nhiiN| 2 yaha prati mahArAnI amRtakaura ke paThanArtha likhI gaI thii| pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai--

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 113 vicArA rAta bhara bAhara hI par3A rahA / anta meM jaba subaha huA to sArA bheda khulA / vIrabhadra ko phAgulIlA meM mAtA-putra kI lar3AI dekhie pUta kahai suni mAtA vorii| lAgyo bhUtaka parau ThagaurI // kintu mAM apane asalI beTe ko pahacAnane meM aba bhI bhUla kara rahI hai mAta pUta mili kare larAI / kari gayo kAnha mahA ThagihAI / / asalI bAta thI te maiyA mero ghara khoyau| Aika kAnha aTArI soyau // isa prakAra kRSNa gopiyoM tathA braja bAlAoM ko 'takA' karate the| vIrabhadra bhI usa sAmAnya pravRtti se nahIM baca sake jisake anusAra kRSNa kA citraNa eka kAmuka vyakti ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai aure eka takI vRja bAlA, tA para Asika naMda ke lAlA // tAhU kI hari sU rati gAr3hI, hai na sakati prAMgana meM tthaaddh'ii| mahA balI pati ko Dara bhArI, mila na sakata pItama sauM pyArI / / kintu thor3e hI dinoM bAda 'prAi banyau horI ko prosara' aura usake pazcAta kRSNa kA aisA hI eka anya chaliyApana dikhAyA gayA hai / ___ matsya pradeza meM isa prakAra kI kRSNa sambandhI lIlAe~ bahuta kama milatI haiM, prAyaH pUjya bhAva ko ora adhika dhyAna diyA gayA hai| kintu yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki rAjagharAnoM taka meM isa prakAra kA sAhitya 'kRSNa lIlA' ke nAma se praveza pA jAtA thA aura govardhana ke paMDe tathA pujAriyoMkA isameM hAtha rahatA thaa| eka bAta par3ha kara bahuta kucha samAdhAna ho jAtA hai ki kRSNa to usa samaya kevala bAlaka the aura 'grAsika' jase zabda kiso anya artha meM hI lie jaaveNge| phAgulolA meM hI likhA hai "iti zrI phAgulIlA sampUrNa samAptamatI mAha sudI 13 guruvAra saMvat 1887 / paThanArtha zrI zrI zrI maiyAjI zrI yaMmRtakauri jI yogya" www.ja

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114 adhyAya 3-zRMgAra-kAvya lADa laDaitau kuvara kanhaiyA / Selata prAMgana deSati maiyA / / badana caMda caMcala ati nainA / alaka paDe madhure kalabainA / / nAsA ko motI ati sohe / kAnana kala hularI mana mohai / / laTaka rahI laTa buuNghrvaarii| capala bhauMha para beMdI kaarii|| isase pragaTa hotA hai ki kRSNa to AMgana meM khelane vAle bAlaka the jinheM dekha kara unakI mAtA prasanna hotI thI, 'nAyaka' nahIM the jo vAsanA se prerita hokara idhara udhara phirate hoN| astu hindI meM aneka rAsa paMcAdhyAyiyAM prasiddha haiN| 1. naMdadAsa, 2. rahIma, 3. navalasiMha, 4. vyAsa Adi kI 'rAsa paMcAdhyAyI' mila cukI haiN| naMdadAsa kI rAsa paMcAdhyAyI to hindI sAhitya meM eka anupama kRti hai jisane apanI kAvya chaTA se sAhitya premiyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA aura aneka kaviyoM ko iso prakAra kA kAvya prastuta karane ko protsAhita kiyaa| matsya pradeza kI khoja meM hameM bhI eka rAsa paMcAdhyAyI prApta huI jisake racayitA haiM 'vaTunAtha' / inakI 'rAsa paMcAdhyAyI' meM prakRti kA bahuta hI utkRSTa varNana hai|' yaha varNana Alambana ke rUpa meM hai aura isake dvArA eka sundara vAtAvaraNa upasthita karake kRSNa ke mahArAsa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo pustaka kA pradhAna viSaya hai| ' kucha udAharaNa dekhiye jahAM bakula kuMja vaMjula nikuMja / sarasa suhAvanI puMja puMja / / makaraMda moda Amoda nIka / chaki maMja guMjarata caMcarIka / / jagamagai mAlatI latA lUmi / paramala anUpa maharkata bhUmi // chuTi nIra taragijA tIra tIra / cahuM calai tIna vidhi ko samIra / / vana karata sugaMdhita gaMdhavAha / cali maMda maMda hiya bhari uchAha / / kajai aliMda ke vada goda / mahakata keta kI baMdha moda / / jahAM juhI mauMgarA rainagaMdha / kari hai aliMda bhari moda gaMdha / / sarasaMta sevatI thala saroja / barasaMta ketakI kAma coj|| jalajIva phirai cahu nIra nIra / biharai aneka Saga tIra tIra / nahIM jinheM prala kI naika jAMca / ika kahIM vyAsa suta sAMca sAMca / / sukharUpa mukti kI aura jukti / saba darasa parasa te karai mukti / / imi rUpa mahAvana caMhU aora / aru bIsa jojane bhU suThora / "

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 115 kavitA kI dRSTi se rAsa paMcAdhyAyI eka sundara graMtha hai aura vaTunAtha ke isa graMtha meM sthAna-sthAna para naMdadAsa kI sI kAvya-pratibhA dRSTigocara hotI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki naMdadAsa kI ur3Ana aura kAvya-camatkAra meM vaTunAtha sarvatra itane U~ce nahIM uTha sake haiM, phira bhI inakI kavitA uttama koTi kI hai aura prakRti. varNana isakI vizeSatA hai| isakA nirmANakAla kavi dvArA saMvat 1896 diyA huaA hai vasU dasa SaTa zrI naMda ha saMvata leu vicAri. . tAke Azvina mAsa meM pUri karI giradhAri / isa pustaka meM 127 patra haiM, aura graMtha bahuta sundaratA ke sAtha likhA gayA hai| isameM aneka rAga-rAganiyAM bhI dI gaI haiM aura unake bheda batAe gae haiN| vaTunAtha ke AzrayadAtA bharatapura ke mahArAja balavaMtasiMhajI the, jaisA pu taka ke anta meM dI gaI ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa hai-- 'iti zrI vaTunAthena kRtA zrI rasika mukuTamaNi napeMdra brajeMdra zrI balavaMtasiMha napati cakra cuDAmaNe hitAya paMcAdhyAyo saMpUrNam / mItI Azvani' prAlaMbana kI prakRti phira uddIpana bana jAto hai tAhI china uDarAja udita nabha Ucau prAyo, suSadAI kara udaya rAga prAcIdiza chaayo| rasaka ganana ke tApa harana manu vyoma saroruha, prakaTa bhayau kamanIya mahAmaMgala mUrati uha // jimi kAmI jana kAma basa pyArI mukha maMDala bhala, kuMkama sau bahu dinani maiM ghara lahi Atapa kauM dalai / / candramA ke udaya hote hI aura muralI kA zabda suna kara kAma vivarddhana uha punigAna / bhaI vivasa vrajatiya suni kAna // sadana sadana tai saba hI niksiiN| ghana ghana caMda kalita janu viksii| vega calati maga kuMDala kiiye| jahAM pyArau ThADau mana dIye / cheki sabani kauM pahale calI / tA baMsI dhuni maga meM ralIM // caMdamukhI iMdIvaranainI / bhUSana bhUSita vara gajagainI // mani maMjIra madhura dhuni anii| nIla basana phUlana kI bainI // rUpa kA aisA AbhAsa aura phira kRSNa kA sAmIpya / kintu kRSNa to chupa jAte haiM durati hari kuMja druta baMjula nikara, hai gaI viraha basa bikala baamaa|

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adhyAya 3-zRMgAra-kAvya saghana bana durauM jina jUthapati hota jimi, karanigana tapita cata bihaalaa| eka aura bhI rUpa kI pratimA dekheM kuMcita kesa muSa makarAkRta kuMDala lola kapola prakAsI, maMda haMsI avalokani tyauM adharAmRta cAru viloki hulAsI / deta abhaya bhujadaMDa ramAtiya raMjana joti urasthala bhAsI, caMdana pauri amaMdita beMda savaMdana deSata hota hai dAsI / gopiyAM jisa avasthA meM thIM usI meM kRSNa ke pAsa pahuMca kara rAsalIlA meM saMlagna ho giiN| pracalita prathA ke anusAra isameM bhI pAMca adhyAya haiM aura unameM bhagavAna kRSNa ke mahArAsa kA hRdayagrAhI varNana hai / __viyoga zRMgAra-varNana meM gopiyoM kA viraha hI kAvya kI sAmagrI banatA rahA hai| hamArI khoja meM bhI kaI bhramara-gIta tathA gopI-viraha nikale / kucha 'khare' bho nikale jo lambe-lambe kAgajoM para svataMtra rUpa meM likhe hue haiN| rAma kavi' kI likhI viraha pacIsI eka khare para milii| kavi ne likhA hai 'yA taiM kachu gopI viraha kahU suno cita lAya' / eka kavitta dekheM syAma ke sakhA kU Ayau jAni dvija rAma kahaiM dhAma dhAma bAsa iti bacana sunAya ke| jabate gaye haiM vraja chAMDi vrajarAja pUrI , taba tai daI hai Aja Sabari paThAya kai|| mAya te chipAya lAya lAya jamUnA ke tIra , maMgala gavAya vIra subudha bulAya ke| 1 rAma kA pUrA nAma rAmalAla thaa| inake dvArA kucha lakSaNa granthoM kI racanA bhI huii| adhika varNana anyatra dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka rAma kavi aura the jinakA pUrA nAma rAmabakhza thaa| DIga-nivAsI vayovRddha paMDita jagannAthajI se unake pAsa saMgrahIta hastalikhita pustakoM kA avalokana karate samaya patA lagA ki rAmabakhzajI bhI 'dvijarAma' upanAma se kavitA karate the| ye jasavaMtasiMhajI ke samaya meM the aura dhAU gulAbasiMha jI inake AzrayadAtA the| inakA eka AzIrvAdAtmaka chaMda ukta paMDitajI ne eka sthAna para likhA dikhAyA thA -- prAtahi sauM uThi bhAnu manAyake deta hai Asisa yoM dvijarAmahi / daMpati jAsu lahai mana moda vinoda ko pAya likho taha nAmahi / / vAcahu nAhi phirau viparIta so jo kachu zabda kaThai abhirAmahi / hoya prasanna nivAsa karo soI dhAU gulAba jU ke nija dhAmahi //

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kitiyA na jAnau lAla batiyA liSI hai kahA, chatiyA juDAvau yahi patiyA bacAI ke // rasanAnaMda ne eka pustaka 'rasAnandaghana' likhI hai / yaha pustaka bar3I nahIM hai / isameM kevala 20 patra haiM aura adhUrI sI mAlUma hotI hai, kyoMki likhita aMza ke pazcAt tIna cAra patra sAdA chor3a kara eka dUsarI pustaka likhI gaI hai / saMbhava hai lipikAra ne ina tIna cAra patroM ko pustaka ke pUrI karane ke lie chor3A ho, aura zAyada yaha pustaka pUrI likhI bhI jAtI kintu eka bAra kA chor3A huA kAma kaThinAI se hI pUrA hotA hai / yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki dUsarI pustaka taiyAra karane se pahale 3, 4 patra chor3a die gae; kintu pustaka apUrNa hai / rasAnaMdaghana meM ucca koTi kI kavitA milatI hai / pustaka kA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai'zrI gaNezAya namaH atha rasa zrAnandaghana liSyate - chappe- mAthe mukuTa ziSaMDa tilaka maMDita gorocana / darpita koTi kaMdappi darpa mada ghUmita locana // kuMDala makarAkAra Dulata jhalakalata kapolana / taDidiva kaTi paTa pIta matta imi malhakata Dolana // muSa kaMja maMju muralI dhunita zravata sarasa zrAnaMda zravana / jai gokuleza mRduveza jai gopameza gopI ravana // ' pustaka se saMgRhIta do kavitta caMcalana, paga, ratarAja || , 1. cAha bharI caMcala citauni caSa caMcalA te caMcala marora moI hita sAja / pIta paTa sAjai naga bhUSaNa birAjai nUpura samAjai suni lAjai koTi hIrA kI sI pAni musikAni meM radana prabhA cIrA cAru caMdrakA caTaka cita cubhI bhrAja / jAke bhale bhAga bhayau AnaMda rasAlu maMju, mUrati rasAla vAke lAla kI larSaM maiM zrAja // 2. keli thalI kuMja phUlI phalI harI bharI rahau tApa ali puMjani kI guMja ubharI rahau / 1 rasAnaMda ko rAdhA kA iSTa thA / mUri / rasa AnaMda kI saMpadA jiyakI jImani roma roma rAdhA ramI baMsI dhuni guna rAdhA rAsa vilAsanI rAdhA rasa nidhi-puMja / pUri // rAdhA sumana vikAsinI hita ke neMnanikuja // 117

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118 zrRMgAra-kAvya vRMdArakavRMda paricAraka sameta heta, kusala manAvaM te ve kusala gharI rahau // ghaTAI sautina ke kaMTha dukha gAMTha chuhau, agha kI ughaTi AI dIDhi para jI raho / naina rasa AnaMda ke bhIne rahau lADile ke mAga lADilI kI anurAga meM bharI rahau // , mINAM logoM adhyAya 3 kRSNa aura rAdhikA kI yaha prema-bharI jor3I bahuta hI saMyata rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai / 'rasagrAnandaghana' kA yaha 'prathama rahasya' hai / isa pustaka ko rasAnaMda svayaM hI saMgraha graMtha batAyA hai - 'rasa grAnandaghana saMgraha' | - khoja meM kucha loka-gIta bhI pAye gaye / 'braja kA rasiyA' yatheSTa mAtrA meM pracalita hai aura braja bhUmi meM Aja bhI rasiyoM kI gUMja hai / utsavoM ke avasara para, meloM ke samaya, govarddhana kI parikramA karate hue rasika loga aneka prakAra rasiye gAte sune jAte haiN| inameM zRMgAra kI chaTA dekhane ko milato hai, kintu ina rasiyoM kA jo rUpa hameM mila sakA vaha saMvat 1650 ke pIche kA hai / ataH unheM isa prabaMdha meM sammilita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / alavara ke mahArAja jayasiMha tathA bharatapura ke mahArAja kRSNasiMha ne isa ora aneka prayAsa kie / alavara ke mahArAja jayasiMhajI deva ke nijI pustakAlaya meM gItoM ke saMgraha kI do tIna phAileM mujhe dekhane ko milIM / ceSTA isa bAta kI gaI thI ki prAMta ke sabhI kSetroM se gItoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAya / sthAna-sthAna para saMgraha kartA bheje gae aura pracalita gItoM ko 'grAmINa gIta' ke nAma se saMgraha kiyA gyaa| isa hastalikhita prati meM sthAnoM tathA vyaktiyoM nAma likhe haiM / yathA ' gIta maujA dhIror3A koma gUjara mINAM ' gIta bahuta prasiddha haiM aura 'pacavArA kI moNoM' nAmaka gIta pacavArA kI mINoM neDA kI he mIraNIM / tonoM rAjA jaisiMgha jI bulAveye // mhAne kAMI pharamAvo jI jaMsiMghajI mahArAja / thAne mahala dikhAvA he pacavArA kI moraNI // mhArai mahala ghaNerA jI jaisiMgha jI rAja thAMnai bAga vatAMvAM he nair3A kI mIraNIM // mhAre bAga ghaNerA jI jaisiMgha jI rAja / thAM na gaMharaNa ghar3AvAMhe ner3A kI mINIM // mhAre gahaNU ghar3eroM jI jaisiMgha jI rAja /

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena to gAMvoM meM bahuta gAyA jAtA rahA hai / ina gItoM meM sthAnIya bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| matsya pradeza ke zRgAra-sAhitya ko hindI ke anya zRMgArI-sAhitya se tulanA karane para bahuta kucha vibhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| unameM se kucha bAtoM kA ullekha nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 1. matsya meM rAdhAkRSNa ke zrRMgAra kI ora kaviyoM kA hRdaya pUjyabhAvanAyukta rhaa| yahA~ ke sAhitya meM vAsanAmaya kAvya kA prAyaH abhAva hai| 2. rAdhAkRSNa ke sAtha-sAtha rAma aura sItA tathA lakSmaNa aura urmilA ke zRMgAra saMbaMdhI prasaMga bhI milate haiN| yahA~ taka ki zivajI kI holI bhI likhI gaI hai, parantu azlIla varNanoM ko ekadama kamI hai| 3. kavitta, savaiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa pradeza meM padoM kA prayoga bhI bahutAyata se huA hai aura unake sAtha rAga, tAla Adi ke nAma vidhipUrvaka die gae haiN| ina padoM kA nirmANa, saMbhavata: holI ke avasara para, gAyana kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA ho / 4. apane iSTa yA pUjya devoM ke zRgAra-varNana meM rAjA tathA unake prAzrita kavi donoM ne hI bhAga liyaa| 5. matsya ke zRgArasAhitya meM saMyoga tathA viyoga donoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| 6. sAtvika tathA zaddha zRgAra kI dRSTi se prema kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA aura usake mahattva ko samajhAne kI ceSTA kI gaI / rItikAlIna zRMgArI kaviyoM kI taraha azlIla zRMgAra kI ora yahA~ ke kaviyoM kA dhyAna nahIM gyaa| hamArI khoja meM jo zRgAra-kAvya milA vaha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai1. rIti-kAvyoM meM udAharaNa dete samaya 1. nAyaka-nAyikA, 2. nakhasikha, 3. zRMgAra-nirUpaNa, Adi ke rUpa meM upalabdha sAhitya / isa prakAra ke sAhitya se hindI kA bhaMDAra bharA par3A hai|

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120 zrRMgAra- kAvya 2. rAma, kRSNa Adi kI lIlAoMoM kA bhakti-bhAva se prerita hokara varNana karanA / kucha aise prasaMga bhI A gaye haiM jahA~ zRMgAra kA varNana karanA par3A hai kintu ina prasaMgoM meM bhI zRMgAra kA rUpa bahuta hI dabA huA hai aura pUjya bhAva ko Thesa nahIM lagane pAI hai / bhramara gIta meM variMgata viyoga- zRMgAra ko isI ke aMtargata liyA jA sakatA hai aura sAtha hI rAsa paMcAdhyAyI kA saMyoga zRMgAra bhI / zradhyAya 3 -- 3. 'horI' Adi utsavoM ke avasara para gAne yogya prasaMga / bhAratavarSa meM ho eka pradbhuta tyauhAra hai jaba zrRMgAra kA kucha varNana aura sAtha hI kucha pradarzana Avazyaka sA ho jAtA hai / braja kI holI' vaise bhI prasiddha hai : mandira tathA mahala sabhI jagaha holI calatI hai / " holI dekhane ke icchuka barasAne padhAreM aura vahAM naMdagAMva tathA barasAne kI holI kA AnaMda leN| usakI yAda Apako jIvana bhara banI rahegI / braja kI striyoM kA vaha prarAkrama dekha kara Apa cakita raha jAyeMge !

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adhyAya 4 bhakti kAvya vrajamaMDala bhagavAna kRSNa kI lIlAbhUmi hai jahAM sthAna sthAna para bhagavAna kRSNa ke mandira mileMge / matsya prAnta meM bhI kRSNa kI bhakti kA bahuta pracAra rahA hai / kintu isa pradeza meM rAma kI bhakti bhI kucha kama nahIM rahI / alavara kA to rAjagharAnA hI sUryavaMzI hai, aura alavara kA itihAsa likhane vAle kucha vidvAnoM ne bhagavAna sUrya se isa vaMza kI paramparA siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai / ' matsya prAnta meM bhagavAna rAma ke aneka maMdira haiM / bharatapura nagara meM lakSmaNajI ke do prasiddha mandira haiM | bihArIjI, jagannAthajI, hanumAnajI, devI, bhagavAna zaMkara Adi yAdi ke maMdira bhI barAbara pAye jAte haiN| gaMgA kI pUjA aura bhakti matsya ke sabhI rAjyoM meM rahI / aura grAja bhI rAjasthAna kA jana samAja gaMgA snAna ke puNya ko sarvopari mAnatA hai / bharatapura meM giri govardhana ke prati bahuta zraddhA hai / bharatapura rAjagharAne ke to girirAja mahArAja iSTa deva bhI bane, aura yahAM niyamapUrvaka girirAja mahArAja kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / aneka gravasaroM para bharatapura ke rAjAoM dvArA jIrNoddhAra grAdi kA kArya karAyA gayA / isa sambandha meM 'girivara vilAsa' nAma kI pustaka bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / mandiroM meM niyamita rUpa se zrAvaraNa ke mahIne meM rAsa lIlAe~ huA karatI thiiN| bar3e mandiroM meM zrAvaraNa kI tRtIyA se rakSAbaMdhana taka nitya hI kRSNa kI lIlA hotI thI / yaha prathA aba lupta sI hotI jA rahI hai / isI prakAra rAmalIlA bhI prati varSa huA karatI thI / bharatapura kI rAmalIlA dUra-dUra taka prasiddha thI / aneka varSoM taka banda rahane ke bAda abhI kucha hI varSa pUrva use puna: usI paddhati para jArI kiyA hai, kintu grAja na usakA itanA samAroha dekha par3atA hai aura na itanI zraddhA ho / samaya parivartana ke sAtha sAtha manuSya kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM meM bhI parivartana huA / buddhivAda ne zraddhA meM kamI kI aura Aja kI bhISaNa Arthika tathA rAjanaitika samasyAe~ bhI purAnI saMskAramAlA ko tejI se badala rahI haiN| kisI govarddhana jAne vAle ke ye zabda kitane utsAha se sunAI par3ate haiM 3 'nAMya mAMna mero manugrAM, maiM to govaradhana kUM jAUM merI bIra / sAta kosa kI de parakammA, mAnasI gaMgA nhAMUM merI bIra / ' 1 pinAkIlAla jozI dvArA likhita 'alavara kA itihAsa' (hastalikhita) 2 vizeSa vivaraNa anyatra dekheM |

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122 adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya bharatapura aura alavara ke bahuta se bhakta to govardhana kI yAtrA paidala hI karate haiM, aura saptakozI parikramA samApta kara ke paidala hI ghara lauTa pAte haiM / gale meM pIle sIkoM kI bahuta sI kaMThiyAM pahane, alagojA bajAte vyakti jaba vApisa Ate dikhAI dete haiM to ina 'rasiyoM' ko dekha kara braja ke purAne dina yAda A jAte haiM / govardhana meM mukhAraviMda para pUjana ko bahutasI sAmagrI car3hatI hai / koI bhakta dUdha kI dhArA se sAtoM kosa kI parikramA dete haiN| koI chappana bhoga lagavAte haiM jisameM kAphI dravya lagatA hai / girirAja kI saptakozI kI parikramA ke sAtha mAnasI gaMgA kI bhI parikramA dI jAtI hai / mAnasI gaMgA kA snAna gaMgA-snAna ke tulya ginA jAtA hai / Aja bhI mAnaso gaMgA kA dIpadAna bahuta prasiddha hai / bharatapura ke rAjA to girirAja mahArAja ke bar3e bhakta rahe haiM aura grAja taka bharatapura ke mahArAja usI zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha pUjana tathA parikramA karate haiN| aneka bhakta girirAja kI 'daMDotI' (sAtoM kosa kI Dhoka dete huye parikramA) karate haiN| kucha hI dina pahale bharatapura mahArAja ne daMDoto lagAI thI / govardhana kI mAnyatA dUra-dUra taka hai aura matsya to isase kAphI prabhAvita rahA hai / govardhana ke paMDe aAja bhI deza-paradeza jA kara apane bhaktoM se dakSiNA-bheMTa prApta karate haiN| ina logoM ke dvArA braja kI aneka lIlAe~ gA gA kara sunAI jAtI haiN| pahale rAjagharAnoM taka meM ina logoM kI pahu~ca thI aura rAjA tathA rAniyAM inake prati bhakti-bhAva rakhate the| bharatapura ko rAnI amRtakaurajI ko kRSNa lIlAoM ko aneka pustakeM samarpita kI gaIM thiiN| ___ govardhana meM haradevajI kA eka prAcIna mandira hai aura bharatapura meM bhI haradevajI kA eka mandira hai jisake pujArI apane ko gasAIM kahate haiN| maiMne yahAM ke purAne patra Adi dekhe jinase vidita hotA hai ki tatkAlIna mahArAja ne ina logoM ko govardhana se bar3e Adara-satkAra ke sAtha bulAyA thaa| aneka sthAnoM para 'haradevajI sahAya' likhA milatA hai| kaI kaviyoM ne bhI aisA likhA hai / ballabhakulI gusAIM bhI bharatapura se bahuta saMbaMdhita rhe| kintu jisa samaya kA varNana yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai una dinoM logoM ko rAma aura kRSNa kI bhakti meM vizvAsa thA / rAsalIlA aura rAmalIlA zraddhA ke sAtha dekhe jAte the| ('sarUpoM' abhinayakartAmoM) ke prati bhakti-bhAvanA dekhI jAtI thii| dekhate hI dekhate lIlAe~ aura rAsa kucha vikRta ho cale / yaha dekhA jAne lagA ki pahale to rAsa lIlA hotI thI jisameM kRSNa-rAdhA, unakI do sakhiyAM (mukhyata:) 'lalitA' aura 'visAkhA' rahatI thiiN| 'sarUpoM' kI pUjA ke uparAnta kucha nRtya, rAsa prAdi hotA aura isake pazcAt vahI rAsa maMDalI nauTaMkI meM parivartita ho

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 123 jAtI thii| Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki jisa lar3ake ko kRSNa banAyA jAtA hai use hI rAno athavA anya sundara strI kA pArTa diyA jAtA hai aura usake gAne tathA bhAvabhaMgI kAmottejaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha azlIla hote haiN| aneka prakAra ke beDhaMge pradarzana usI raMga-maMca para kie jAte haiM jahAM dasa minaTa pahale kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA pradarzana ho rahA thaa| mandiroM meM amarasiMha, nauTaMkI, tiriyAcaritra, siyAhapoza na hokara kucha bhagavadbhakti sambandhI kathAe~ lo jAtI thIM-jaise dhruva lIlA, prahlAha, moradhvaja, sudAmA aAdi / mujhe yAda hai ki pahale rAsa aura lIlAoM ke kAraNa zrAvaNa ke mahIne meM nagara meM eka ullAsa sA chA jAtA thA aura rakSAbadhana taka tathA usake pazcAt bhI yatra-tatra rAsa hote rahate the| una dinoM AdhI rAta ke bAda nagAr3e kI coTa suna kara svataH patA laga jAtA thA ki rAsa ho rahA hai| ina rAsoM kA rUpa bahuta bigar3a gayA aura burI taraha azlIla gAnoM kI bharamAra hone lgii| aba yaha prathA hI samApta hotI jA rahI hai / sinemA ke isa yuga meM 'phro' hone para bhI rAsa koI nahIM dekhtaa| braja ke kucha sthAnoM-jaise mathurA, vRndAvana meM aba bhI rAsa-praNAlI cala rahI hai| kintu matsya pradeza meM yaha pravRtti bahuta kama ho calI hai| ___ matsya pradeza meM govardhana kI bhakti Aja bhI bahuta vyApaka hai / gurupUrNimA ke dina 'mur3iyApUnoM' ke nAma se govardhana meM eka bahuta bar3A melA lagatA hai| vaise parikramA to pUre sAla taka barAbara lagatI hI rahatI hai / bIca meM kucha samaya ke lie bharatapura ke rAjacinha ke nIce 'zrI gokulendurjayati' ho gayA thaa| sevara' meM zrI brajendrabihArIjI kA eka mandira hai| mahArAjA jasavaMtasiMha brajendrabihArIjI ke darzana nitya prati karate the ! kAmAM meM candramAjo kA maMdira aura ghATA nAmaka sthAna meM gusAIyoM ke sthAna Aja taka haiN| rAma kI bhakti bhI bahuta rho| bhUtapUrva alavara nareza ne apane vijaya maMdira meM bhagavAna rAma aura sItA kI prati AkarSaka mUrtiyoM ko pratiSThita kraayaa| 'aTTA' nAma se rAma kA eka mandira zahara meM bhI hai jisakI bahuta pratiSThA hai| bharatapura ke kile meM bihArIjI kA mandira bairAgiyoM kA batAyA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai eka sAdhu ko jaTAyeM usI sthAna para jhAr3iyoM meM ulajha gaI thIM aura bhagavAna ne pragaTa hokara svayaM hI jaTAyoM ko chudd'aayaa| isI sthAna para bihArIjI kI pratiSThA kI gii| isake 1 bharatapura se cAra mIla para eka kasbA hai jahAM kisI samaya bharatapura-mahArAja senA sahita rahate the| 2 jaTA chur3Ate hue bhagavAna aura sAdhu kI mUrti mandira meM virAjamAna hai|

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124 adhyAya 4-bhakti-kAvya sAtha hI matsya pradeza meM kucha pahu~ce hue sAdhu aura phakIra bhI hue jinameM se eka lAladAsa kA paricaya anyatra karAyA jA cukA hai| caranadAsiyoM kA prasaMga isI adhyAya meM Age aavegaa| rAjAoM kI vRtti sAdhu mahAtmAoM kI sevA karane kI hotI thii| matsya pradeza meM hameM bhakti ke kaI rUpa milate haiM1. rAma bhavita- aneka kaviyoM ne rAma kI upAsanA saMbaMdhI vividha chaMda aura pada prAdi likhe haiM tathA unake jIvana se sambandhita kucha ghaTanAoM ko bhI citrita i 1. rAma-karuNa nATaka-lakSmaNa-mUrchA ke avasara para / 2. hanumAna nATaka-sItA kI khoja ke prasaMga meM / 3. ahirAvaNa badha kathA-rAma-lakSmaNa-haraNa / 4. jAnako maMgala-sItA aura rAma kA vivAha / 5. rAmAyaNa-baladeva ko 'vicitra rAmAyaNa' / 2. kRSNa bhakti- kRSNa kI aneka lIlAoM ke sarasa varNana prApta hote haiM / dAna lIlA, phAgulIlA, nAgalIlA, mAkhanacoro lIlA, rAdhAmaMgala Adi aneka sundara prasaMga haiM / inake atirikta bhramara-gIta paramparA kA kAvya bhI prApta hotA hai, jisameM nirguNa-saguNa kA vyApAra usI khUbo ke sAtha nibhAyA gayA hai jaisA usa prakAra ke anya sAhitya meM / saguNa-bhakti se sambandhita kucha aura bhI sAhitya hai| 1. ziva sambandhI-pArvatI maMgala, ziva-stuti, mahAdevajI ko byaahulau| 2. gaMgA sambandhI-gaMgAbhUtalagrAgamana, gaMgA kI prArthanA aadi| 3. devI sambandhI-durgA saptazatI kA anuvAda, kAlikASTaka, phuTakara prArthanA ke chaMda / 4. govarddhana sambandhI-giravara vilAsa, govarddhana mahAtmya Adi / 5. bhaktoM sambandhI-dhra v-vinod| . 6. bhAgavata prasaMga-dazama skaMdha kI kathAe~ jo bhAgavata se anUdita haiM /

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3. nirguNa jJAnAzrayI - hindI meM saMta-sAhitya apanA pRthak hI sthAna rakhatA hai / isa sAhitya meM sataguru, sabada, bAnI, anahada nAda, nAr3iyAM, yoga Adi ke prakaraNa hote haiN| sAtha hI hindU-muslima ke bhedabhAva ko haTAne kI bhI ceSTA hotI hai / matsya meM nirmita caranadAsI sAhitya kucha isI prakAra kA hai / kintu ina saba kA pratipAdana karane para bhI caranadAsajI avatAravAda meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM aura isI kA pratipAdana unakI ziSyA dayAbAI tathA sahajobAI Adi ne kiyA / hAM 'rAmajana' nAma ke eka saMta kI pustaka meM saMta mata kA pUrA anugamana kiyA gayA hai| nAma se aisA pratIta hotA hai| ki ye mahAtmA graspRzya rahe hoM; Aja ke pracalita 'harijana' se 'rAmajana' kA kAphI sAmya baiThatA hai / matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 125 7. granya dhArmika grantha - rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi ke anuvAda | 4. nirguNa prema mArgI - eka pustaka 'premarasAla' kahI jAtI hai, jisake racayitA gulAma muhammada' haiM / durbhAgyavaza yaha pustaka prApta nahIM ho skii| kintu gulAmamuhammada mahArAja raNajItasiMhajI ke samakAlIna the aura kaI logoM se inakI maukhika carcA sunI gii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki matsya meM bhakti sambandhI vividha dhArAmroM para racanAe~ kI gaIM, phira bhI yaha mAnanA par3egA ki prAdhikya saguNa bhakti kA hI rahA / aura usameM bhI kRSNa sambandhI racanAe~ adhika prApta hotI haiM / isakA kAraNa kRSNa kI lIlA bhUmi mathurA, vRndAvana, govardhana, mahAvana, gokula, dAUjI Adi sthAnoM kA isa pradeza ke nikaTa honA hai / rAjya kI ora se dhArmika kAryoM kI ora kAphI dhyAna diyA jAtA thA / pratyeka rAjya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha dhanarAzi dharmArtha surakSita rakhI jAtI thI . gulAma muhammada mahArAja raNajItasiMha ke samakAlIna the, jinakA rAjya kAla saM0 1834 se 62 vikramI hai| isa pustaka kI vahI zailI thI jo premamArgI sUphiyoM kI rhii| inake pitA kA nAma abdAla khAM thA / pustaka meM prastAvanA ke rUpa meM bharatapura nagara tathA durga kA sundara varNana likhA kahA jAtA hai / vAstava meM yaha grantha bahuta mahatvapUrNa honA cAhiye kyoMki isako pA kara matsya meM bhakti kI cAroM dhArAoM kA sundara sammilana ho jAtA hai /

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126 adhyAya 4-bhakti-kAvya aura isa vibhAga ko dharmArtha vibhAga, sadAvarta, punya vibhAga, athavA anya aise hI nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| isa vibhAga dvArA jahAM asahAyoM ko sahAyatA hotI thI vahAM mandiroM ke lie bhI nizcita rUpa meM sahAyatA dI jAtI thii| aneka sthAnoM para barAbara pATha hotA rahatA thA / niyamita pATha karane vAle ye 'varNI vAle' rAjya aura rAjA kI maMgala kAmanA ke hetu pATha karate rahate the| pratyeka rAjya ke paMDe, dAnAdhyakSa Adi hote haiN| tIrtha-sthAnoM meM darabAra kI ora se kucha dravya sahAyatArtha bhejA jAtA hai| pUjana Adi kA kArya niyamita rUpa se aba bhI hotA hai| pratyeka utsava ke samaya purohita dvArA sampUrNa kArya sampanna karAyA jAtA hai| svasti-vAcana ke binA koI kArya pUrA nahIM samajhA jAtA / yadi kisI kAraNa se rAjA anupasthita ho to pUjana-kArya dAnAdhyakSa dvArA karA diyA jAtA hai| mahanta, pujArI Adi ke prati rAjAnoM ko zraddhA barAbara rahatI hai| Aja sArI bAteM badala rahI haiN| na rAjya rahe na rAjA, aura na dhArmika kAryoM meM itanA utsAha / usa samaya kI avasthA ko dekhate hue ye svAbhAvika hI thA ki sagaNa bhakti saMbaMdhI kAvya kI racanA ho| matsya pradeza meM bhI isI paramparA kA anugamana huaaa|' sarva prathama hama rAma kAvya ko lete haiN| rItikAroM meM udaya rAma kA nAma A cUkA hai| bhagavAna rAma ke caritra se sambandhita inake banAye tona nATaka hameM mile haiM jinameM se do ko to spaSTa rUpa se 'nATaka' likhA hai aura tIsare ko 'kthaa'| hanumAna nATaka kI kucha paMktiyAM pavana putra ku boli boli mudrikA ghaaii| janakasutA ke hAtha jAi dIjo yaha bhAI / / sItA kI sudhi laina kU cale mahA balavAna / pAi rajAisa rAma kI haraSata hai hanumAna / rajA yaha rAma kii|| 1 matsya ke kaviyoM meM mahanta, pujArI, paMDe, caube, dAnAdhyakSa, rAjapurohita Adi sammilita haiM / , inake banAye hue 24 grantha batAye jAte haiM, jaise-sujAna saMvata, giravara vilAsa, hanumAna nATaka, rAmakaruNa nATaka, ahirAvaNa vadha kathA, kRSNa pratIta parIkSA, rAdhA pratIta, saMketa samAgama, yakSapacIsI, bArahamAsI / ye kavivara mahArAja raNajItasiMha ke samaya meM the. jinakA rAjya-kAla saM0 1834 se 1862 vikramI rahA /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 127 mahAvIra balamAna tIra sAgara kI praayo| kilakilAya gala gaji tarja giri gagana ur3Ayau / pAyaka zrI raghuvIra ko baladhAyaka bala aNg| lavA laMka jhapaTana cale balI bAja bajaraMga / / rajA yaha rAma kI / sItA viraha visAla hAla hanumAna sunAyo / hai prAya draga lAla sanata janapAla risAyo / / kUTaMba sahita dasakaMTha kauM aba saMghArauM jAya / laihu jAnakI jAya aba bole rAma risAya / rajA yaha rAma kii|| dhani dhani tu hanumAna kaThina kAraja kari praayo| mahAvIra balavAna kiyau sabako mana bhAyau / / yaha nATika hanumAna ko kahai sunai nara koya / gyAna dhyAna bahu Ukati udai ura prema buddhi bahu hoya / / rajA yaha rAma kii| rAmakaruNa nATaka se kucha paMktiyAM yahAM rAma akulAya raina rahi gaI kachu thorii| jyoM jala nighaTe mIna dIna vidhu vinA cakorI / / kaTe paMSa paMSesa vAmani vinu phani akulAI / heri heri hanumAna maga rAma rahe akulAya / / rAma karuNA kreN| sunahuM saSA sugrIva samujhi saMdeha na yAmeM / vAnara dehu paThAya bIni bana caMdana lAmeM / racauM citA aba prAya saba sApara baiThoM jAya / lai lachimana kauM goda meM dojau agina jarAya / / rAma karuNA kreN| udaya bhayau ita bhora sahita saravarI sirAMnI / jhalakI kiraNi kaliMda jage jaba saarNgpaanii| nitya kriyA kara kumara doU pAye Asana pAsa / kaTi niSaMga kara sara dhanuSa baiThe kuMvara hulAsa / / rAma karuNA kreN| ___ isI prakAra 'ahirAvaNa vadha kathA' hai / ise 'kathA' kahA gayA hai, nATaka nhiiN| upayukta donoM avataraNoM ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA ki kavi ne ina donoM ko 'nATaka' kina kAraNoM se kahA hai, yadyapi isameM saMdeha nahIM ki kavi inheM

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128 adhyAya 4-bhakti-kAvya nATaka ho kahanA cAhatA hai-"yaha nATika hanumAna kau", pustaka kA nAma bhI nATaka ho likhA hai| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki yadi zailo vizeSa ke kAraNa kavi apanI ina donoM kRtiyoM ko nATaka kahatA hai to 'ahirAvaNa vadha' kathA ko nATaka kyoM nahIM kahatA, use 'kathA' kyoM kahatA hai| ahirAvaNa kathA ke kucha aMza ye haiM ahirAvaNa ko bola kahai rAvaraNa suni bhAI / rAma lakSmaNa vIra tinheM tU hara le jAI / / ahirAvaNa yaha sunata hI magana bhayo tihi kAla / mAyA kari hara laigayau tinako nisi pAtAla / kumara ye kauna ke| lIye SaDaga chinAya kite Sala mAri bhgaaye| kete kara sau pakari muMDa te muMDa bhirAye / / ahirAvaNa sira tora ke DAryo kuMDa majhAra / bhujA upAr3hI so par3I rAvaNa ke darabAra / / kumara ye kauna ke / jAmavaMta sugrIva vibhISaNa sabahI bhASe / dhana dhana pavanakumAra prANa teM sabake rASa / / kIsa bhAlu kapi kaTaka ke bhayo na bhAvata bhora / rAmacandra cAhata udai kapi kula kumada cakora / kumara ye kauna ke|| ina tInoM pustakoM ko dekhane se kucha sAmAnya niSkarSa nikalate haiM 1 kavi hanumAnajI kA bhakta thA kyoMki usane apanI tInoM pustakoM meM ve hI prasaMga liye haiM jinameM hanumAnajI kI vIratA aura buddhi kA varNana hai| tInoM pustakoM meM kavi kA uddezya hanumAnajI kA mahattva dikhAnA hai| 2 isa kavitA para naMdadAsa ke bhramara-gIta kI spaSTa chApa hai| 'sakhA sana zyAma ke', 'suno brajanAgarI' ke AdhAra para tInoM racanAoM kI saSTi kI gaI hai / chanda-yojanA ekadama usI prakAra kI hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa naMdadAsa ke bhramara-gIta kA adhika pracAra ho sakatA hai| 3 kavi ne do pustakoM ko nATaka aura tIsarI ko kathA kahA hai| vaise ina tInoM meM koI antara to hai nahIM, phira bhI isakA samAdhAna yahI ho sakatA hai ki saMskRta kAvya meM jo prasaMga nATaka ke nAma se pracalita the jaise 'hanumAna nATaka' unheM nATaka kahA gayA hai aura anya ko kathA / tInoM hI prasaMgoM meM kathA saMbaMdhI sampUrNa yojanA milatI hai|

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126 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena baladeva' nAma ke eka khaNDelavAla vaizya ne 'vicitra rAmAyaNa' nAma kA eka sundara prabaMdha kAvya likhA hai / yaha hastalikhita pustaka hara prakAra se sundara hai / isa rAmAyaNa meM kathA - vibhAjana kAMDoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jaisA prAyaH dekhane meM AtA hai / kAMDoM ke sthAna meM aMkoM meM kathA-vibhAjana kiyA hai aMkoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai aMka 1 3 4 5 7 go ha 10 191 12 13 14 jAnakI pariNaya siya rAmacandra vilAsa vana gamana siya harana vaidehI viyoga hanumAna vijaya setubaMdha aMgada dUta maMtrI naya vacana dazamukha mAyA kapaTa kuMbhakarNa vinAza meghanAda saMhAra saumitra zakti vibheda rAma saMgara vijaya pRSTha saMkhyA 3 traya nabha nava sasi samaya meM mAgha paMcamI kheta / pUraNa kInau rAma jasa guru dina harSa sameta // 22 176 viSaya-sUcI ke dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki kavi ne unhIM prasaMgoM ko liyA hai jo kathAtmaka haiM | bAla-kAMDa aura uttara-kAMDa ke una prasaMgoM ko usane upayukta nahIM samajhA jinameM kathA ko gati roka kara aneka anya prasaMgoM ko dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / pustaka kA prAraMbha rAma-sItA vivAha se hotA hai aura samApti rAma kI vijaya ke sAtha | vibhAjana usakA apanA vyaktigata hai jisameM 14 aMka hai / inhoMne bhI isa kathA ko nATaka kahA hai jisase aMkoM meM vibhAjana aura bhI sArthaka pratIta hotA hai / 25 42 46 66 85 63 1 ye khaMDelavAla vaizya the aura apanI isa pustaka kI racanA kA samaya saMvata 1903 isa prakAra diyA hai 113 126 135 153 160 216 saMvat 1903 basaMta paMcamI guruvAra /

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adhyAya 4 -bhakti-kAvya puna tAteM yaha 'nATaka' mahAna , tihu~ lokana ko pAvana pramAna / vicitra rAmAyaNa eka bahuta sundara kAvya-grantha hai jisameM kavi kI maulikatA sthAna sthAna para lakSita hotI hai / pustaka meM aneka chaMdoM kA prayoga aura viziSTa zabda-cayana kabhI kabhI rAmacandrikA kA dhyAna dilA dete haiM, kintu artha-grahaNa meM kahIM bhI kaThinAI nahIM hotI--sarvatra hI sarala aura svaccha kavitA ke darzana hote haiN| saMkSepa meM yaha graMtha pratyeka prakAra se eka suMdara kAvya hai| isameM 14 aMka haiM, maMgalAcaraNa hai aura kathA bhI sampUrNa rUpa meM hai| isakA nAyaka dhIrodAtta hai, pratinAyaka bhI hai| gRhIta prasaMga sundara haiM, sAtha hI saMyoga aura viyoga ke prakaraNa sundaratA ke sAtha citrita kiye gaye haiN| kathA meM kahIM bhI zaithilya dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| sAtha hI yaha hastalikhita prati bhI ati uttama hai| cAroM ora kAphI hAziyA chor3a kara suspaSTa aura moTe akSaroM meM samasta grantha likhA gayA hai / syAhI camakadAra hai tathA prArambha se aMta taka hastalekha bahuta hI sundara aura cittAkarSaka hai / pustaka darzanIya hai aura usa samaya kI utkRSTa hasta lekhana kalA kA samyak pratinidhitva karatI hai| pracalita paraMparA ke anusAra gaNeza' aura sarasvatI kI vaMdanA ke pazcAt guru-vaMdanA tathA sthAna vizeSa (bharatapura) kA bhI varNana hai| aura isake uparAMta rAmAyaNa likhane kI paramparA kA ullekha hai ki kisa prakAra sabase pahale hanumAnajI ne rAmAyaNa kI kathA likhI, 'tAke anaMtara vAlamIka visAla mani', 'tAke anaMtara bhoja bhUpati' pani mizra dAmodarahi ne krama sahita viracyau pAni ke'| yaha draSTavya hai ki tulasI, kezava Adi rAma-gAthAkAroM ke nAma nahIM likhe gaye haiM / ___ isa pustaka ke likhane ke lie svayaM rAjA ne AjJA dI thI tina kI anusAsana lahi udAra , kula vidita vasya khaMDelavAra / 1 zrI gaNezAya namaH vinaya karata hoM prathama hI gaNapati ko sira nAya / jinake sumaraNa dhyAna tai ura ajJAna vilAya // 2 sarasvatI kI stati eka bhAva pUrNa kavitta dvArA kI gaI hai| 3 guru pada padama parAgavara mama mana madhupahi raassi| rAma carita bhASA karau, nija mati ura abhilASi // 4 saMbhavataH kavi mahAzaya mizra dAmodara se prabhAvita hue the|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 131 baladeva nAma kavi nai vicitra , yaha rAmacarita bhASA pavitra / / apane kAvya ke saMbaMdha meM likhate haiM : jo sabda artha citrita anUpa / dhvani vigaha ko nAmadhi svarUpa / / juta bhUSana aru dUSana vihIna / kavi yA vidhi kI jo kAvya kIna / / vicitra rAmAyaNa ke kucha prasaMgoM ko uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai-- (i) saMyoga zRMgAra saMbaMdhI kucha chaMda : udaya viloki mayaMka ko raghupati parama udAra / varanana karati saSIna prati upamA vividha prakAra // bhAnu ko viyoga pAya prAcI raMga kukama ke . rucI hai sadhAkara kI kiranina chaayk| udadhi UmaMga sauM utaMga hota kaMjakula , mauna sAdhi sAdhi rahe chavihi chipAyakeM / / vikase kamodini ke kula ati cAya bhare , hararSe cakorina ke maMDala subhAya ke| nabha avakAsa hota tama ko vinAsa hota , * trAsa hota kokina ke kula para Ayakai / (ii) zayana kA samaya ho gayA : surati samaya pahicAni, gavana karAmana saSina ko , kaha sArikA pramAni, kanaka piMjarA te vacana / (iii) candramA para eka ukti : rajanI kauM nRpati hai sabata adhika sami , timira vadhU ko kAlarUpa ke samAna hai| kAmini saMjoga ko hai sAthI so sakala bhAMti , gagana sarovara koM kamala pramAna hai| mAnasaravara kaisau rAjahaMsa rAja aru , kalita kamodini kI nidrA kauM kRpAna hai| surati ke pUjana meM prathama sukubha so hai, kAmavAna kArana karAla parasAna hai / / isI aMtima paMkti ko isa dohe meM isa prakAra kahA hai : surati su pUjana ke viSe prathama kubha himamAna , kAma bAna tIchana karana hai karAla barasAna /

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132 (iv) aura anta meM : zradhyAya 4 bhakti kAvya 3 vacana sArikA ke sarasa viMga sahita e jAna nija nija maMdira prati gaIM saSI sakala gunaSAna / (v) rAma siyA kI jor3I kA eka darzana : bAma aMga rAma ke virAjata videha sutA, lAjata madana koTi sobhA darasAye teM / mAno dhana dAminI anUpa bapu dhAre duhU, rAja parajaMka pe suhAga sarasAye teM / bhIje nisivAsara rasIle raMga rIjhe mili daMpati paraspara sugaMdha barasAye # 1 saMpati suresahU kI phIkI sI lagata sesa barane bane na koTi muSahU ke gAye taM / (vi) aura aba viyoga meM bhI rAma ko dekhie : " , imi kopa sahita raghupati udAra / gahi vAna bahuri ura kiya vicAra // e mRgI naina siya haga samAna / yaha dayA lAgi tyAga na vAna || huva udaya caMdra maMDala jimi pralaya kAla ko bole maMDala tAta ? laSi tAhi rAma yaha udaya bhAnu saumitra vilokahu tAhi niji kiraNana teM sama dahata kahuM sItala tara chAyA nihAri tihi sevana kIjai nikaTa vAri // gAta / (vii) isa grantha meM aura bhI aneka prasaMgoM kA uttama varNana milatA hai / graho vAli ke naMda AnaMdakArI / dasagrIva teM saMdhi jo meM ucArI // karI teM valabbIra ke nAhi abbai / kaho bheda mosoM mahAvAhu sabbai / / ta bAliko putra hUyIM tullyo / karajjori ke rAma so baina bullyau / dasagrIva soM sarvathA saMdhi nAhIM / dharo juddha kI cAhanA citta sAMhI // pracaMDa | mArataMDa | bihAla | karAla ||

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena yaha grantha vAstava meM vicitra hai / isameM bhAvanAoM kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se bhAvoM kA yathAtathya citraNa isakI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai jisase kathA ke prAdhyAtmika prasaMga jo sAmAnyata: bAla aura uttara kAMDa meM Ate haiM haTA diye gaye haiN| ho sakatA hai kavi ko tulasI ke bAla aura uttara kAMDoM ke ye prasaMga upayukta pratIta nahIM hue hoM aura isIlie apane pUrva ke rAma-kathAkAroM meM tulasI ke nAma kA ullekha bhI nahIM kiyA ho / kaI sthAnoM para jaba kavi kalpanA aura alaMkArapriyatA kI ora agrasara hotA dikhAI detA hai to kavivara kezavadAsajI kA smaraNa ho pAtA hai| chaMdoM kI vividhatA meM bhI kucha aisA hI AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| zuddha kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha pustaka eka ucca sthAna kI adhikAriNI hai aura kavi kI pratibhA kI dyotaka hai / sAtha hI isameM prabandha kAvya kA nirvAha bhI bar3I caturAI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / kucha phuTakara kavitAyo meM aise prasaMga bhI kaviyoM dvArA liye gaye haiM jaise brajesa kA 'rAmotsava' athavA rAmanArAyaNa kA 'jaankiimNgl'| DIga meM maiMne rAmanArAyaNa ke likhe tInoM maMgaloM ko dekhA-pArvatImaMgala, jAnakI maMgala tathA rAdhAmaMgala / kAvya acchA hai, udAharaNa anyatra die haiN| rAma-bhakti saMbaMdhI kAvyoM ke atirikta kRSNa-bhakti ke kAvya bhI milate haiN| kRSNa kI bhakti saMbaMdhI kavitA ke kaI rUpa prApta hote haiM 1. liilaaeN| 2. bhramaragIta / 3. rAdhAmaMgala / 4. kRSNa ke jIvana kI sampUrNa kathA / pahale kucha lIlAe~ dekheM1. nAgalIlA-bakhtAvarasiMha kI dAnalIlA ke udAharaNa zRgAra kAvya ke antargata diye jA cuke haiN| dAnalIlA kA eka anya saMbaMdhita prasaMga dekhiyeatha dAnalIlA likhyate ajaba mahabUba gokula meM kiyA ghara naMda kA rosana / dhareM sira mukuTa suvarana kA jarAU UjarA kudana // ravA zuda proDha pItAMbara suvaha damasUya viMdAvana / ajAyaba nau javAM sundara pilAyai julphavara prAnana / / sakele gopa ke lar3ake laI saba bhena aAgU dhara / anUpama bAMsa kI muralI bajAvata hai madhuratAnan / /

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134 adhyAya 4 -bhakti-kAvya agara jo nAhi tuma zresI nacAvata naina ho kAhe / karata musakyAna kI batiyAM calata mahakAya kI cAlan / dAnalIlA ke isa eka hI udAharaNa meM kaI bAteM dikhAI par3atI haiM1. videzI zabdoM kA prayoga-mahabUba, rosana (rozana) ravAzuda, ajAyaba (ajIba kA bahuvacana) julpha / 2. kucha bahuvacana-madhuratAna : eka vacana; madhuratAna : bahuvacana / videzo aura tatsama zabdoM kA yoga-julpha (videzI) vara (tatsama) 3. kavitA sAdhAraNa koTi kI pracalita bhASA meM likhI gaI hai| 4. muhAvaredAra bhASA meM kaavy-yojnaa| 5. vicitra prayoga---'musakyAna kI batiyA'; 'calata cAlana' / 6. saMbhavataH yaha kAvya bakhtAvarasiMhajI kI apanI racanA hai kyoMki isameM kavi-pratibhA kama hai, vyAvahArikatA adhika / 2. nAgalIlA nAtha ke bAhara ke laaye| sakala vRja dekhana kU dhaaye| amara ghana nabha mAMhI chaaye| phana phana nAcata kRSNajI baMsI lInI hAtha / jo phana UMcau uThata nAga ko tApara mArata lAta / / bajAvata gaMdharva dai tAlI / basata ika jamanA meM kaalii| aAja bhI kRSNa kI nAgalIlA bahuta pracalita hai| matharA, vRndAvana, govardhana Adi braja ke prasiddha sthAnoM meM jAne para paMDe, caube Adi isa prakAra kI hI lIlAe~ sunA kara bhaktoM ko mugdha karate haiN| maiM apane pravAsa kAla meM jaba brahmadeza ke raMgUna nAmaka nagara meM thA to braja ke 3-4 paMDe vahA~ bhI pahu~ce the aura mAravAr3iyoM ke ghara jA jA kara isI prakAra kI dAnalIlA, nAgalIlA, mAnalIlA, cIraharaNalIlA Adi sunA kara bhakti-bhAvanA kA saMcAra karate the aura apane lie paSkala dakSiNA bhA ekatra kara sake the| ina lIlAoM kA gAyana aba kama hotA jA rahA hai kyoMki pahale to kRSNa-bhakti meM hI kamI hai aura gAne ke sthAna meM to kevala sinemA ke calate hue gAne hI sune jAte haiN| kintu Aja se 20-25 varSa pahale ina lIlAoM kA yatheSTa pracAra thA-rAsa, gAyana donoM rUpoM meM /

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1 matsya- pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 3. pralIbA dvArA likhI kRSNa kI aneka lIlAe~' 1. muralI - zyAma kI muraliyA maiM hara lAI arI herI dayA zyAma kI arI hAMrI mAI zyAma kI / maiM yAkUM nAhaka hara lAI nA thI more kAma kI...... hAya nA thI more kAma kI / yA braja bIca basuriyA varani teM rAdhe badanAma kI hAya taiM rAdhe badanAma kI / zyAma kI muraliyA... kalapata kRSNa muraliyA kArana maiM nai dayA na nAma kI maiM pApina nita pApa kamAye cora bhaI hI rAma kI basa nisa dina bhaja bhaiyA lai mAlA haranAma kI zyAma. 2. mAkhana cora dadhi corata pakaraco gayo surI dekhau mAkhana cora / aba Ayo hai dAva maiM su tero DArU gAla marora // terI DAlUM gAla marora cora teM nita mero mAkhana khAyau / tu rojInA bhagajAya tho susare prAja dAva maiM prAyo / cali terI maiyA pAsa le calUM bhalo bhukhamaryo jAyo / ..... 3. svAbhAvika varNana kI chaTA dekheM lAlAre mokUM dahI vilovana de are tU mAkhana misarI lai / dadhi ko mathaniyA sanI parI hai bAsana dhovana de | mAkhana milagayo saba bhAgana meM dadhi aura vilovana de // lAlA re mokUM.. dadhi kI renI jaba rasa Avai caina laina tU de nahi dina meM raI Dabovana de / raini na sovana de // lAlA re mokaM alIbakza ko dila dhar3akata hai mata yAhi rovana de / lAlA re mokUM... 100 mahArAjA alavara ke nijI pustakAlaya meM prApta bar3e AkAra ke pannoM vAlI isa pustaka meM sundara spaSTa akSaroM meM kRSNa kI aneka lIlAe~ likhI gaI haiN| 135

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136 adhyAya 4 -bhakti-kAvya 4. muralI aura mAlA bajana lagI re dekho bairani bsuriyaa| kUka sunata uThI hUka pasuriyA / / torI muralI dede mohi ki kAnhA meM samajhAUM tohi / tU terI muralI dede mokaM maiM apanI mAlA daUM to...| badalana ke misa prAMUgI jyau bharama kara nA koya / / torI muralI. aura muralI lene para basa muralI te matalaba mero kahA kAma aba kAnhA terii| mero gUMTho hU nA jAya ki dekhau bATa rahyau hai joya / / torI muralI... 5. mAtA se zikAyata ('khaDI volI ke rUpa sAhita') maiM to nA jAUM rI morI mAI morI rAdhe ne baMsI curAI / hama jamunA para dhenu carAvata vaha jala bharane pAI / / muralI morI laigaI hari ke viraSabhAnu kI jAI / / maiM... do damarI kI mAlA degaI chala kInau chalahAI / zyAma sarabasone kI muralI sughara sunAra banAI / / bhavai kamAna tAni zravanana lagi mIThI saina claaii| taki kara tIra diyo more tanakai lIno mAra knhaaii| maiM to nA jAUM....... isa prakAra isa kavi ne apane bhAva-vidagdha hRdaya se kRSNa lIlA ke antargata aneka prasaMgoM ko liyA hai|' 4. bRja vilAsa-vIrabhadra kRta moTe akSaroM meM likhe isa grantha ke kevala 16 patra hI upalabdha ho sake ati sundara vrajarAja kumArA / tAta mAta ke prANa adhArA // grAnada magana sakala privaaraa| brajavAsina kI prIti apaaraa|| lIlA lalita vinoda rasAlA / gAye sune bhAga tihiM bhAlA / / 1 isa kavi kI kavitAoM kA jo hastalikhita saMgraha zrI mahArAja deva alavara ke pustakAlaya meM hai usa bAre meM zrI mahArAjadeva ne svayaM hI kahA thA, aura 'priMsa alIbakhza aba maMDAvara' kahate hue isa musalamAna kavi kI kRSNa bhakti kA paricaya karAyA thaa| unake pustakAlaya meM isa prakAra ke aneka hastalikhita graMtha mile jo sambhavataH samarpaNa ke pazcAt vahIM pustakAlaya meM banda ho gaye aura Aja taka prakAza meM nahIM A ske| 2 yaha pustaka bhI mAjI amRtakaura jI ke paThanArtha likhI gaI thii|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena yaha pustaka brajavAsIdAsa kI 'brajavilAsa' zailI para 'caupAI' chaMda meM hai| bAlaka kRSNa kI eka jhAMkI chinaka car3he mAtA kI kniyaaN| kabahuMka raja meM loTata saniyAM / / kabahuMka bAgI banyau cikniyaa| kabahuMka sUthana kabahu~ka taniyAM / / kRSNa kI eka zRgAramaya lIlA dekhiye ghara meM paiMThata cora vilokyau| dvArau Aya bagare ko rokyo / arabarAi hari bAhara Aye / jovana bala gvAlina gaha pAye / / lai ura bIca prema soM bheTI / kAma tapana kI bedani meTI // tihIM Thaura hari kInhIM corI / deSi ThagI sI vraja kI gorI // bheTi bhulAvala rahyau na tana ko| parasata chIna liyau mana dhana kI // kucakuMkama ura liyau lgaaii| adhara sudhArasa piyau adhAI / / eka dina kRSNa ko pakar3ane ke lie eka yukti socI gii| eka gopI se usake pati ne kahA ki tU kRSNa ko apane pAsa bulA lenA, phira beMci kivAra dIjiyau taarau| bhAgi jAya nahi mero sArau / / pakari jAi nIkai kari bhaaruu| dUdha dahI ko svAda nikArU / ___ aura kRSNa vahAM pahu~ca bhI gaye / kintu gopa ko mAM ne apanI har3abar3AhaTa meM usa kamare kA tAlA lagA diyA jisameM gopI kA pati kRSNa ko pakar3ane ke lie chipa rahA thaa| pariNAma yaha huaA ki gopa rAta bhara banda par3A rahA, daravAjA kholA hI nahIM gayA yaha lIlA ati madhura sudhaasii| kahata sunata chUTa jama phAMsI // yaha brajavilAsa vIrabhadra (jisako phAgalolA kA varNana anyatra kiyA jA cukA hai) nAma ke kavi kA banAyA huA hai aura kavi kahatA hai ki ___kahata sunata sukha Upaje, bAla haMsai mana mAMhi / ___isa pustaka ko samparNa karane kI tithi kavi ne svayaM hI 'asAr3ha sudI 6 saMvat 1611' batAI hai| isameM mandeha nahIM ki isa pustaka kA prAkAra bahuta choTA hai parantu isameM brajabhASA kA vaha svAbhAvika rUpa milatA hai jo bharatapura meM janasAdhAraNa ke dvArA bolA jAtA hai| alaMkAramukta isa kavitA meM muhAvaroM aura ADambararahita bhASA kA lAlitya dekhane ko milatA hai| isameM kRSNa ko 1 aise prasaMga zrRMgAra ke aMtargata bhI liye jA sakate haiN| vAstava meM kRSNa lIlAnoM meM bhakti aura zRMgAra kA alaga karanA bahuta kaThina hai|

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138 adhyAya 4-- zRMgAra-kAvya unhIM lIlAoM kA varNana hai jinameM gopoM kA majAka banA kara unheM parezAnI meM DAla diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ke do tIna aura bhI udAharaNa isa pustaka meM milate haiN| kRSNa eka aisI paristhiti utpanna kara dete haiM ki bicArA gopa bahuta kucha socane para bhI kucha nahIM kara paataa| ulTA khuda hI tAle meM banda hokara rAta bhara parezAna hotA hai aura udhara cora kRSNa usI ko gopI ke sAtha eka kamare meM ArAma se apanA samaya bitAte haiM ! bhramara-gIta saMbaMdhI pustakeM bhI kucha milatI haiM / biraha vilAsa- rasanAyaka' kRta-inakI kavitA bahuta uccakoTi ko hai / pustaka meM eka dohe ke bAda eka savaiyA yA kavitta diyA huaA hai jisameM dohe kA spaSTIkaraNa athavA usakI vyAkhyA hai| isa pustaka meM pacAsa patra haiM aura bhramaragIta prakaraNa meM to viyoga tathA karuNA kA eka vizada aura anukaraNIya sAmaMjasya hai| madhukara hameM na soca kachu jo una karI nidAna / soca yahai acaraja baDo virada visAra yo kAnha / / aba kavitta meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa dekhie soca na hameM hai guna proguna kiye ko kachU , soca na hameM hai dadhi mASana ujAre ko| soca na hameM hai rasanAyaka amohI bhaye , soca na hameM hai kachU mathurA sidhAre kau|| soca na hameM hai kInI kubijA bhale hI pyArI , soca na hameM hai joga jJAna diTha dhAre ko| gopInAtha bAji gopI rovata hI choDI tAko , soca hai hamAre Udho virada visAre kau|| eka anya udAharaNa brajanArI bhorI taU parai na ali ihi pec| kahA Thagata ThagiyA are joga ThagorI beca // 1 rasanAyaka ne apane ko 'kAmyavanastha' likhA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki yaha kavizreSTha kAmAM ke rahane vAle the jise kAmavana bhI kahate haiN| aura isI dRSTi se ina Rvi mahodaya ko matsya pradezIya mAnA gayA hai / 'kAmAM' vartamAna bharatapura jile kI eka tahasIla hai|

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kavitta meM spaSTIkaraNa - matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena gopiyoM kI avasthA dekhie 9 9 1 Sepa bhari lAye lAde Dolata purAnani hIM jinasa prathAhI tAmeM dAma ko lagAya hai / jJAna hI kI goMbha tuma Ana ke utArI yahA~ abalA basata tinheM kaise chavi pAya hai // niguna kareMgI kahA gunani rahI haiM bhari pyAre rasanAyaka ke premahi purAya haiM / bhorI laSi gopIna ko Thagata kahA hai jAu, joga kI ThagorI Udhau braja na vikAya hai // 1 eka bera AyeM baje suMdara syAma sujAna / surata sameM na rusAI hoM mohi tihArI prAna // kavitta 3 eka bera Aya braja virahI jivAya lIje pAche mana mAneMha soba kIjai sacupAya hoM / mAna na karauMgI rasanAyaka dharoMgI dhIra, guna hI ganoMgI pai na zroguna manAya hoM // / pIvata aghara deta dehU na kuca hI dharo na aMga haruvaM sohaiM hai hajAra mohi naMda ke surata samaya na hA hA rAvare usa samaya kI phUloM se guthI veraNI kA aba kyA hAla hai sumana sanehI syAma ne bainI guhe banAya / te chUTata madhukara manau phUlajharI lagijAya // kavitta 1 kaThina juga chuvAya hoM / kumAra aba risAyahI // sUra: 'joga ThagorI Udho braja na bikAI hai / " 1 kavarI kalIni je pe una hI guhIhI teba, sUla sI salata hiye dAruna bharatu haiM / cuni cuni kusuma je sejahI vichAye taMba sela loM lagata hAya bhArihI dharatu haiM // raMga naye rAte rasanAyaka adhika tAte chUTi chUTi podhana te chiti hI bharatu haiM / mAdho bina ye hI bana bagari anala Udho phUla na girata phUlabharI sI jharatu haiM // " " 136

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140 adhyAya 2 - bhakti-kAvya yahAM viraha-vilAsa kA pUrvArddha samApta ho jAtA hai aura uttarArddha prArambha hotA hai jisameM Udho ko lauTa kara sadeza dene ke lie kahA jAtA hai / Udhava jAha jarUra hI, kahiyo itau saMdesa / bhale dharI' dAsI ba jiya lAvata kahA aMdesa / kavitta ketika saMdese kahi kahi ke bhijAye tohu , prAvata na kAhe etI vinatI sunAiyo / kuvijA dhare kI kachU lAja jo karo to hAhA , sohai hai hamArI ina gauhai uThi dhAiyo / kita yau vipisyiAna rasanAyaka pare haiM pyAre , prAna hI hamAre nako dhIraja dharAiyo / jAhu jU jarUra Udhau hamarI tarapha hI meM , nIka samajhAya kAnheM bAha deke lyAiyo / aba Udhava saMdeza sunAtA hai eka raMge raMga rAvare vahI raMga laSAta / prema prIti lAlA karata nisadina unheM vihAta / / kavitta ko ika guvAla jAya milava vachara laile , koU dede herI dhenu herata vihAtu hai / koU mili maMDalI hI bAMTi bAMTi chAke khAta , koU dUdha gorasa ho Dhora bhAge jAta hai| koU kahai kAnha rasanAyaka bulAvai hari , koU kahai boli bhaiyA kAhe itarAtu hai / tuma bina bicAre ve birahI vikala nAtha , ase dina rAti brajavAsina vihAtu hai / aura kRSNa bhI isI meM apanA svara milAte haiM suna Udho braja janana kI mo sudhi visarata nAhi / sadA rahata jiya jAnihoM nisadina unahI mAMhi / / kavitta kUjana kI chAMha cAru jamunA ko tIra vaha , gvAlana kI bhIra saMga godhana ko cArivo / bAbA naMda jU ko pyAra maiyA ko jimAvana tyoN| vAMsurI chinAya vaha rAdhe ko nihArivau // 1 "gharejA" vivAha kI yaha praNAlI hai jaba kisI strI ko binA vidhivat vaivAhika saMskAra ke yoMhI ghara meM DAla liyA jAtA hai|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena rasa raha keli rasanAyaka karabhAI jeva , prema caturAI vaha gopina citArivau / deha niyarAI saba bhAMtina suhAI soba , mohi kyoM banata Udho braja ko bisAriyo / isa pustaka ke sambandha meM kucha bAteM 1. isa pustaka ke do aMza haiM--pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha / pUrvArddha meM Udhava braja meM hI rahate hue gopiyoM kI bAteM sunate haiM aura uttarArddha meM gopiyoM kA saMdeza lekara kRSNa ke pAsa jAte haiN| 2. viraha-vilAsa meM saguNa-nirguNa ke vAda-vivAda kA prapaMca nahIM hai aura na kavi dvArA saguNa kA pratipAdana karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| yaha to viyoga se bharI kAvya-pratibhA hai jo bhaktoM kA mana moha letI hai / 3. sampUrNa pustaka meM dohA-kavitta athavA dohA-savaiyA kA krama calatA hai| dohe meM eka bAta kahI jAtI hai aura isI bAta kI vyAkhyA yA spaSTIkaraNa kavitta athavA savaiye dvArA hotA hai| 4. kavitA ucca koTi kI hai aura bhAva kI dRSTi se gopiyoM kI mAnasika avasthA kA hRdayagrAho citraNa karatI hai| rasarAsi pacIsI-yaha pustaka bhI bhramaragIta se sambandhita hai| pustaka ko samApti para isakA nAma 'uddhava pacIsI' likhA gayA hai / isake racayitA rasarAsi haiM aura samvat 1625 meM brajendra mahArAja ke paThanArtha isa pustaka kI pratilipi kI gaI thii| 'rasarAsi' kavi kA upanAma pratIta hotA hai| mUlarUpa meM yaha pustaka alavara-nareza ke lie likhI gaI thii| isa pustaka meM 8 // patra haiM aura 25 kavitta haiM / kavitA uttama koTi kI hai| sarva prathama kRSNa uddhava ko jAne ke lie kahate haiM parama pavitra tama mitra ho hamAre UdhI. aMtaravithA kI kathA merI suna lIjiye / braja kI ve bAlA japeM merI jayamAlA baDhI , viraha kI jvAlA tAmai tana mana chIjiye / mero visavAsa merI pAsa rasarAsi mere , milave kI pyAsa jAni samAdhAna kiijie| prIti soM pratIta soM liSI hai rasarItina soM, patrikA hamArI prANa pyArina ko diijie| patra meM likhA thA nirgaNa kA upadeza mohi tuma dInoM tanamanadhana prAna jaise , taiseI samAdhi sAdhi dhyAna dhara dhyaanogii|

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142 adhyAya 4-- bhakti-kAvya alakha arUpa ghaTa ghaTa ko nivAsI mohi , jAni avinAsI joga jugati jagAyogI / / prAnAyAma prAsana asana dhyAna dhAranAM tai , brahma ko prakAsa rasa rAsi drsaamogii| ase citta lAmogI to sukha meM ramAaogI , samukti pada pAvogI hamAre pAsa prAogI / / aura gopiyA~ Udho para barasa par3I kauna likhI pAtI kauna pai paThAe tuma , kauna ho kahAM te Aye kAke mijavAna ho| kAkI pahicAni rasarAsi vA niraMjana soM, kauna sISe jJAna kahA bhUle avasAna ho / kauna sAdhe mauna dhari baiThe mauna kauna kAke , naina zrota mae bhae ajahU ajAna ho / aba hama jAnI tuma ho divAna kubarI ke , pachcha kari Aye ho pai machchara samAna ho| aura batAau to Udho Udho kahau ko hai jadunAtha dvArikA ko nAtha , kauna vasudeva kauna pUta sukhadAI hai| kauna hai niraMjana alakha avinAsI kauna , brahma hU~ kahAve kauna jAkI joti chAI hai / inasauM hamArI kahau kAkI pahicAni jAni , yAta rasa rAsi bAte mana meM na bhAI hai| prItama hamAro mora mukuTa lakuTa bAro , naMda ko dulAro syAma suMdara kanhAI hai| gopiyoM kA anumAna hai ki kRSNa ko kubjA ke kAraNa Ane meM saMkoca hai| kauna bhAMti prAibo banata brajamaMDala meM , naI prAnapyArI vahAM ati akulaavegii| jopa rasarAsi yAkau saMga liye jaiye to, unake hiye meM kaise yaha dhauM smaavegii| ase ase aMdese karata vaha kArau kAnha , yAhI te na pAyau jAni dAsI dukha paavegii| kaMcana kI belI alabelI kUbarI kauM koU. gUjarI gamelI uhAM najara lgaavegii|

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matsyapradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 143 kintu gopiyAM kRSNa ko AzvAsana dete hue saMdezA bhijavA rahI haiM eka bera pheri brajamaMDala meM prAgrau kAnha , aba saba sUdhI bhaI mAna hU~ na kreNgii| dAna hU~ maiM neka hUM kahU~ na jhagareMgI aru , mAkhana malAI kUchipAi ke na dhreNgii| naI prAnapyArI hU kI kAMna hama mAni laihaiM , bAkI hai rahaigI rasarAsi vAsauM ddreNgii| doU kara jori jori kori kori cAina so, dauri dauri kUbarI ke pAina preNgii| isase adhika bicArI gopiyAM aura kyA kaha sakatI thiiN| aura UdhaujI hameM to santoSa hai kahAM hama gokula ke gopI gopa gvAla bAla , caMcala cavAI cora tyoM kaThora hI ke haiN| kahAM ve kamala dala naina kamalA ke nAtha , eka sAtha cASa pAre SATe mIThe phIke haiN| tInoM loka mAMjha dhanya dhanya brajavAsI bhae, jIvana mukti rasarAsi prAna pIke hai| UdhI jI hamAre ihA doU hAtha lADU pAhai , prAve taU nIke na Ave taU nIke haiN| aba to Udhau apanA jJAna dhyAna sabhI bhUla gaye aura kRSNa ke pAsa phuNce| rAdhekRSNa rAdhekRSNa eka raTi lAgirahyau , rovata haMsata pulakata chavi chAyo hai / chakani chakAyau vAko cita cikanAyau deSi , kAnha ko suhAyau dauri gare sauM lagAyau hai / uddhava siphAriza karate hue kahate haiM--- tuma aru ve to sadA rahata hileI mile , so to rasarAsi kathA rasikana gAI hai| kahA mana AI yaha sAmare kanAI ihAM . Apa chipi rahe uhAM rAdhe ko chipAI haiM / ataH jAha sudhi lIjiye ki lIjiye bulAi unheM , bhare rasarAsi pyAru trAsana soM svairahai / 'rAdhA' se sambandhita do svataMtra pustakeM milIM-eka rAdhAmaMgala aura dUsarI rAdhikAzataka / rAdhikAzataka eka khaNDa kAvya hai aura alavara ke kavizreSTha jayadevajI kA likhA huA hai / alavara darabAra meM jayadevajI kA bahuta mAna thA aura inakI yaha pustaka prakAzita ho cukI hai| rAdhAmaMgala gosAIM rAmanArAyaNa dvArA

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144 adhyAya 4 -- bhakti-kAvya / likhita eka prabandha kAvya hai jisameM maMgalAcaraNa, bhUmikA, guruvaMdanA, prAtmaparicaya Adi haiM / isa pustaka meM 11 sarga haiM-- 1. prastAvanA 2. kRSNa alakSa janmotsava 3. rAdhAmaMgala 4. pUtanA caritra 5. anya lIlAeM 6. rAdhe sagAI 17. gopotsava pratIta parIkSA 8. kRSNa prema parIkSA 6. rAsa krIr3A 10. rAdhikA vivAha varNana 11. vividha rAdhikA vivAha kavi-kalpanA-prasUta hai kyoMki kahA jAtA hai ki rAdhA aura kRSNa kA vivAha kabhI huA hI nhiiN| kavi ne prArthanA ke uparAnta apane vaMza kA varNana kiyA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki ye loga bharatapura rAjyAntargata bayAnA, khoha Adi sthAnoM meM rahe the aura phira rAdhAkuNDa jAkara rahane lge| vahAM bhIkhArAma ke putra rUpa meM kavi rAmanArAyaNa utpanna hue --- pragaTeM bhISA rAma ke sukRta kiyeM suta eka / rAmanArAyaNa jotasina kiyau nAma avizeka // pustaka-prayojana ke saMbaMdha meM kavi kA kahanA hai mere rAdhAkRSNa kI drar3ha upAsanA citta / yAteM bhASA meM karU rAdhAmaMgala mitra / / sthAna-sthAna para kAvya kI gati aura bhASA kI svacchatA dekhane yogya haiN| kRSNa ko prArthanA - nIla saroruha syAma kAma zata koTi lajAvata / aruNa taruNa vArija samAna daga ati chavi pAvata / / pIta paTita kaTi kasana dasana dAminI vinidita / aAnana aruNa udyota jyoti rAkA zazi niMdata / / mana corata muni musakyAta mRdu neta neta zruti kahata nita / jana jAna gusAMI rAma ura karahu vAsa nita hita sahita / /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 145 yaha kavi mahodaya mahArAja jasavantasiMha ke Azrita the / ' pustaka meM sarasvatI prArthanA, gaNeza prArthanA, guru prArthanA ke uparAnta bhUmikA do gaI hai| kRSNAvatAra ke kAraNa bhI batAe gae haiM aura gokula ko lolAoM kA varNana hai / sAtha hI pUtanA Adi ke varNana yathAsthAna diye gaye haiN| rAkSasoM ke hanana kI kathA bhI hai| rAdhAkRSNa ke milana ko taiyArI kA eka citra dekhiye Aye Aja syAma barasAne rAdhe yaha sudhi paaii| devana calI saje paTa bhUSaNa aSTa sakhI bulavAI / / candrAvalI candrabhAgA candrAnana catura camelI / candrakalA caMpA cirAka sama lalita visAkhA helii|| e nija sakhI aura bahuterI tinake madhya priyA jii| calIM vadana sobhA viloka triya loka UpamA lAjI / / kahe gusAI rAmanArAyaNa yaha prabhu akatha khaanii| sAdara sunahi parama sukha pAveM hoya parama sujJAnI / / aba rAdhA aura kRSNa ke vivAha kA bhI varNana dekhiye jo braja meM pracalita paddhati ke anusAra barasAne meM vRSabhAnujI ke yahA~ sampAdita karAyA gayA hai| zAdI, bar3hAra Adi sArI bAtoM kA varNana kavi ne apanI kalpanA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai 1vraja nikaTa bharatapura nAma jAsu ko nRpa jasavaMta kahAye / gaDha vana samAna asaMka kilo ari desa naresa ddraaye|| pustaka nirmANa kA samaya bhI hai--- aba esu vicAro suna rIta aMka jimi dhArIayatIsa bahuri unnIsa vAmagati joti saheta prmaanoN| (1933) yaha hai pramANa zruti sAra alaukika jo sujAna jana jAneM // sita pakSa jyeSTha kI mAsa paMcamI prati punIta tithi jaanoN| ravivAra pukhya nakSatra yoga vajra kaulava karaNa bakhAnoM / aura apane saMbaMdha meM likhA hai hoM rAdhAkuNDa nivaasii| bhI phera bharatapura vaasii|| aura anta meM diyA huaA hai - "iti zrI rAdhikAmaMgala gusAI rAmanArAyaNa virIcate samAptam / zubhambhUyAt / zrIrastu kalyANamastu / atha zubha saMvat 1933 sAke 1768 bhAdrapada mAse zukla pakSe 13 bhugu vAsare likhitaM paM0 naMdakizora likhAyataM zrI rAmanArAyaNa gusAI // zubham / / "

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146 adhyAya 4 bhakti kAvya - isake uparAnta - sura pUjA nija nija pAI / phira grAMcara gAMTha jurAI // vRSabhAna rAdhikA pAna leha vara kanyAdAna karAye / saba negI nega cukAye // duja dAna gusAI pAye / dulahA dulahanI sameta cale janamAse kRSNa livAye // isa varNana meM nimna paMkti 'Teka' ke rUpa meM milatI hai 'vara samai jAna vRkhabhAna dhAma brahmAdi deva saba prAye / ' janamAse meM jAyakeM kiyo vohota se dAna / aba bar3hAra baranana karU tAya sunau de kAna // pattala bAMdhane aura kholane kI kriyA pUrNa rUpa se dikhAI gaI hai aura sAtha hI bar3hAra kA pUrA varNana kiyA gayA hai / pattala kholane kA thor3A sA namUnA dekhiye aura dekhiye ki kisa prakAra gopiyAM bAMdhI jA rahI haiM chUTI tarakArI pAri bhArI aura suhArI bhAta dhanI / bAMdhoM prata pyArI mAMga tumhArI bainI kArI jAta banI / / chUTe daga done seba salone nauna alone bhoga bane / baMdhI bhovAM ke palakana bAMke bina sara sAMke kAma sane / chUTe jo dAne vrata ke sAne aura makhAne khAMDa gare / baMdha saba gotI zrI natha motI suMdara jyotI naina khare // bAMdho ju hulAsI haMso gyAso medakori matavArI ko / puna bAMdha supArAM rUpAM tArAM runako lakSmI nArI kI // aba jainoM bhAI kahai gusAI sabai lugAI bAMdha daI / yaha varNana isa pradeza kI pracalita praNAlI ke anusAra sabhI vistAroM sahita milatA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise kisI barAta meM jAne kA sampUrNa dRzya sAmane A gayA ho / vara aura vadhU gokula pahu~cate haiM aura yazodA unako livAtI hai arthAt gRha praveza karAtI hai / isake pazcAt kI kathA bhI hai aura likhA hai ki eka bAra naMda aura yazodA kurukSetra gaye jahAM se ve vasudeva aura devakI ko apane sAtha livA kara braja lAye / kathA ko citrita karane meM kavi ne apanI kalpanA se sabhI kamiyoM ko pUrA kara diyA hai| kahAnI meM aneka bAtoM ke vistRta vivaraNa hai aura kavi ne sarasa praNAlI meM prabaMdha kAvya kA nirvAha kiyA hai / matsya meM zivajI kI bhakti aura pUjA aba bhI yatheSTha mAtrA meM hotI hai / ziva caturdazI kI rAtri ko prAja bhI sthAna-sthAna para jAgaraNa kiyA jAtA hai

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena aura jogI loga bar3e utsAha aura prema ke sAtha 'vyohulau' gAte haiN| pArvatI ke kanyAdAna ke avasara para bhaktaloga kanyAdAna ke rUpa meM dakSiNA car3hAte haiN| hamAre prasiddha kavi somanAtha ne bhI 'mahAdevajI kI vyAhulau' nAma se eka pustaka likhI hai jisameM 118 patra haiM tathA 5 ullAsa haiN| isa pustaka kI aura 'dhruva vinoda'' ko zailo eka-sI hai| kavi ko 5 ullAsa yA 5 sargoM se kucha vizeSa prema pratIta hotA hai kyoMki unako aneka pustakoM meM yaha saMkhyA 5 hI milatI hai / isa pustaka ko kavitA kavi kI kalA ke upayukta ho hai / 'mahAdevajI ko vyAha lau' saMvat 1813 meM likhA gayA saMvata ThAraise barasa, teraha pauSa sumAsa / kRSNa sudutiyA buddha dina, bhayau graMtha paragAsa / / kathA kA prArambha himAlaya ko putro pArvato ke varNana ke sAtha hotA hai hai maiMnA nAma bhAMvanI, tAkeM suta meMnAka kahAyo / aru hema raMga upajI hai kanyA, chabi ko barani banAyo / / pArvatI ke rUpa kA varNana maryAdA ke antargata kiyA gayA hai aura kahIM bhI pUjya bhAva ko Thesa nahIM lagane dI hai, sAtha hI alaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga kiyA gayA hai / utprekSA dekhie puni bharI mAMga mukatani soM sundara bhari siMdUra lalAI / manu uDagana pAMti gagana meM rAjeM saMjuta soma savAI / / puni mRdu kapola ke nikaTa lAyake kuTila alaka chaTakAI / manu iMdIvara makaraMda pAna ko sukha aMbuja DhiMga AI / / pahale ullAsa meM pArvatI ke janma kA varNana hai aura dUsare meM 'bhavAnI zaMkarasambandha varnana' hai| prakRti-varNana kA eka namUnA dekhie bahu zRMgeM jAkI mukaTa prabhA kI sarada chaTA kI duti jiiteN| zItala jalavAre zravata apAre jhiranA bhAre laharI te / / druma puMjani belI jitI suhelI puhapani melI thira shrhrai| makaraMda baToreM pavana jhakore jaMha caMhu aoreM mRdu phahareM / / phahareM su prabhaMjana garamI gaMjana Saga duSabhaMjana dhuni boleM / aru zRMganirUrA nacata mayUrA taSini hajUrA mana ssoleN| bahu vidhi ke cahareM mRga chavi chahareM prAnada lahareM lAha hiye| tapasI tihi kaMdara basi ke aMdara bana phala suMdara SAi jiyeM / / 1. vivaraNa anyatra dekheN| www.jainei

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148 adhyAya 4 - bhakti - kAvya ziva ke natya kA bhI eka varNana dekheM sani ke saMdesa, nAcyau mahesa. visarayo aTUTa, sira jaTAjUTa / gaMgA taraMga bAr3hI umaMga, camacamyo caMda, lahi duti amaMda / / lagi muMDamAla, aru dvirada SAla, mili SaDaSaDAta, gati leta jAta / cca amRta dhAra, sasi teM sur3hAra, ura parita pAni, muMDani milAni / / aru jaMtra TUTi, puni muMDa kUTi, chiti girata SuTTi, haMsa aTTa aTTa / ghumarIya leta, Daga bhUmi deta, phukarata saMga, uddhata bhujaMga / / AnaMda laddhi, capi bhujani maddhi, phana ko halAi, nacce subhaai| DamarU DamaMka, sajjati ataMka, siMgI rasAla, bAjaMta gAla / / anagana vihaMga, boleM suDhaMga, manu karata gAna, hva sukha nidhAna // isa graMtha meM bhI kavi kI varNana-pratibhA ati ucca koTi kI hai| pArvatI tathA ziva donoM ke varNana bahuta vizada aura sundara rUpa meM die gae haiN| tIsare ullAsa meM lagna-patrikA likha kara bhejo gaI hai| isa ullAsa meM pArvatIjI kI prArthanA bahuta hI jAgarUka hai tuhI brahma kI siddhi vidyA sayAnI / tuhI jJAna vijJAna kI vRddhi sAMnI / tuhI caMdra meM candrikA sudda jAnI / prabhA bhAnu meM jo sabai yo vaSAnI / tuhI vArunI, zakti hai loka mAMnI / tuhI bhoga meM indra kI rAjadhAnI / tuhI hai sudhA aura svAhA sayAnI / tuhI joga jvAlAmukhI jogadhAnI / tuhI riddhi au aSTahU siddhi gAMnI / tuhI sarvadA rAjatI va bhavAnI / mahiSAsure mardinI devi caMDI / jagai jagga meM joti jAkI assNddii| tuhI AsurI kinnarI nAgakanyA / tuhI jacchanI pracchanI rUpadhanyA / caturtha ullAsa meM kanyA-dAna kiyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI barAta kA prAgamana tathA dAvata Adi kA varNana hai| kucha miThAiyoM kA svAda lIjie banI asaramI sera baDI baraphI aru peraa| modaka magada malUka aura maTTha pahaMserA / / phainI gUMjhA gajaka bhurabhure seva suhAre / jora jalebI puMja kaMda soM page chuhAre / nikutI choTI chAMTa maMju mutilaDU banAye / sarasa amRtI puramA suMdara vesa sajAe / aura sAtha meM tinameM daI milAi bhaMga kI kari ke golii| dUlaha ke rUpa meM zivajI kA varNana, unake nAMdiyA kA zrRMgAra aura barAta kI taiyArI kA acchA varNana milatA hai| pahale to mahAdevajI apane asalI rUpa

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 146 meM baila para baiThe cale A rahe the, parantu nagara ke nikaTa Ane para unhoMne bhavya rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, jise dekha kara sakhiyoM ne pArvatI se kahA hai dhanya bhAgi terau yA jagameM tini aso vara paayo| hai soraha barasa pramAna vesa kauM mahAdeva sau chAyo / aru koTi koTi kaMdarpa ni hU~ kauM dila ko darapa draayo| hai presI aura ko kAmini jAkauM laSata na citta curAyo / / taba bheSa digaMbara dhAri Isane aurani kauM ddrpaayau| binu kaMcana mani bhUSana ke aMgani unahI ju laSAyo / pA~caveM ullAsa meM vidA aura gaNeza tathA svAmikAtikeya ke janma kI kathA hai| vivAha kI rIti vraja meM pracalita praNAlI ke anusAra hai taba dUdhAbhAtI krvaaii| duhU kI jhUThani duhuni SavAI / gaune kI aba rIti karAvauM / gAMTha jori kera suSa barasAvauM / / gagaNeza janma eka samaya musikyAi siva laSyo gauri ko rUpa / eka daMta paragaTa bhayau, bAlaka tave anUpa / / svAmikAtikeya aru saMkara ke bIja soM, SaTamukha bhayoM prasiddhi / svAmikArtika nAma puni, tAsoM kahyau suvaddhi / saboM ke vAhana UMdara vAhana gaja vadana, SaTamukha vAhana mora / ziva ko vAhana baila hai, devI ko hari jora / / aura aba ziva kA darzana kIjiye jarada jaTAni meM phuhArai jimi gaMgAdhara , hAra zeSa hiradeM trinena rUpa nyAre kauN| garala gare meM jora jAhara jalUsa vArI, prAdhe aMga tarunI saneha ke patyAre kauN| somanAtha ere ura aMtara nihAri bhava , pArAvAra pArata hakIkata husyAre kauN| bhasama sigAreM jo lilAra para dhAreM joti , caMdra kI kalA kI vA pinAkI prAnapyAre koN| isa pustaka ke sambandha meM kucha bAteM 1. kAvya ke sabhI upAdAnoM, jaise alaMkAra, prakRtivarNana, rasaprasaMga, Adi se yukta varNana prApta hote haiM / 2. pArvatI aura ziva kA zRMgAra kahIM bhI maryAdAhIna nahIM huA hai|

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150 adhyAya 4- bhakti-kAvya aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi zaiva thA, kyoMki sthAna-sthAna para isake AbhAsa milate haiM / nAma to unakA somanAtha thA hI, sAtha hI 'zazinAtha' nAma bhI unheM bahuta pyArA thaa| 3. pArvatI kI stuti, tAMDava nRtya aura himAlaya ke varNana vizeSa rUpa se acche bana par3e haiN| 4. yaha varNana 'pArvatI maMgala' kI zailI para nahIM hai| Ajakala bho jogI loga jisa prakAra 'vyAhulA' gAte haiM usI prakAra ke varNana, vahI kathAnaka isameM bhI milate haiN| yadyapi jogiyoM kI tukabaMdI bar3o vicitra hoto hai, parantu varNya-vastu lagabhaga isI prakAra hai / 5. vraja meM pracalita vivAha-paddhati hI isa grantha meM svIkAra kI gaI hai| Aja bhI vraja bhUmi meM isa graMtha meM varNita aneka prathAe~ pracalita haiM / khoja meM kucha ziva-stutiyAM bhI prApta huii| gaMgAjI se sambandhita do grantha mile - 1 gaMgA bhUtalagrAgamana kathA, 2 gaMgA bhkttrNgaavlii| 1. gaMgA bhUtalAgamana kathA - yaha kRti bharatapura ke prasiddha kavi rasaAnaMda ko likhI huI hai / isameM lagabhaga 6 patroM meM 25 chaMdoM dvArA gaMgAjI kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isa pustaka kA nirmANa-kAla kAvya ke anta meM likhe gaye isa vAkya se milatA hai-- _ 'iti zrI rasapAnaMda viracite gaMgA bhatalagrAgamana kathA sampUrNa / miti vaisAkha kRSNa 2 saMvat 1863 / ' saMbhavataH yaha prati svayaM kavi dvArA hI likhI gaI hai kyoMki unakI likhI gaI kaI anya hastalikhita pustakoM se isakI likhAvaTa bahuta kucha mela khAtI hai / isa pustaka kA pIche kA kucha aMza kisI dUsare vyakti ne lipibaddha kiyA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai / pustaka kA prArambha prArthanA ke nIce likhe dohe se hotA hai-- viSNu aMga sItala salila, aja ujjvalatA bAri / uThati ju gaMga taraMga haiM, zivi zivi zabda ucAri / / kathA kA prArambha arilla chanda se isa prakAra hotA hai eka sameM zrI rAma laSana doU vIra haiN| kozika muni saMga gaye surasarI tIra haiM / jAi doU kara jori baMda pada pAna ko| kari sucIla asnAna diyau bahu dAMna koN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena da dAMna vidhivata arapi bhUsura pUji sanamAne sabai / kara jori kauzika kauM nihori bahori prabhu bole tabai / / he nAtha tribhuvana pAvanI gaMgA tripathagA hai shii| kihi heta taji nija loka brahma sarUpa dravi bhUtala vahI / / taba sArI kathA kauzika mani ne sunAI aura aMta meM kahA krIr3A karahiM jalajIva nAghata zaila bana aturAi ke| cali haradvAra prayAga kAzI milI udadhahi jAi kai|| tAro sakala raghuvaMza yaha suSa deSi nRpa AnaMda lahyo / nija uddharana hita yaha pavitra caritra rasapAnaMda kahyau / / __ isa kathA ke aMtargata sagara ke putroM ko zApa, bhagIratha kI tapasyA, gaMgA kI prasannatA aura unake bhUtala para Ane kI kathA ko saMkSepa meM kahA gayA hai| 2. dUsarI pustaka 'gaMgA bhakta taraMgAvalI' kavi rAmaprasAda zarmA 'prasAda' kI likhI huI hai| saMpUrNa pustaka meM kavi kA bhaktibhAva lakSita hotA hai| pustaka kI racanA alavara rAjya ke senApati padmasiMhajI ke lie kI gaI thii|' yaha grantha alavara meM saMvat 1935 meM samApta huaaa|' graMtha ko kavi ne svayaM hI lipibaddha kiyA thA / pustaka meM kavitA kI chaTA darzanIya hai| gaNezajI kI prArthanA dekhie maMgala karana haiM amaMgala haranahAra , dAsa manaraMjana adAsutA darana haiN| muni mana madhupa lubhAne rahaiM raina dina , sundara saroja hU kI sobhA nidarana haiM / devana ke deva prau adeva deva seva kareM , bheva na lahata ko prasAda suvarana haiN| sevI kavi nAyaka sahAyaka na aura ase / sarva sukhadAyaka vinAyaka carana haiN| 1 senApati saMdara sakala, padamasiMgha paravIna / tina hita rAmaprasAda kavi,likhyo graMtha rasalIna / / AnaMda guna maMgala sakala, kala mala dalana apAra / alavara meM zrI gaMga ko, bhayo graMtha avatAra / / saMvata vANa pramANiya, loka sunidhi ura praan| (1935) puni sasi saMjuta jANiye, liSyo sukavi nija pAna //

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152 adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya aura gaMgA kI prArthanA ina paMktiyoM meM dekhie yere nara tere ye ghanere utapAta miTeM , dUra kaTeM roga aso ausara na aavoge| jAke naika nAma hI taiM pApana kI koTa poTa , phATa jAta naika hI meM aso dhyAna laavoge| dInana dayAla pratipAla saba kAla hI maiM , sukavi prasAda loka loka chavi chaavoge| devana ke deva hoya sura pura nivAsa karo, gaMmA nAma kahike abhaMgA pada pAvoge / pustaka meM kavi rAmaprasAda ne apane AzrayadAtA padmasiMha kI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai modabharI rayata binoda bharayo desa saba , rAjakAja sAja meM anaMta paravIno hai| sakavi cakorana kauM caMda sama sobhA deta , dIna ariviMdana kauM bhAnu rUpa kInI hai| phaujadAra parama pratApI padamasiMgha vIra , kIrata pratApa ko nivAsa jaga lInoM hai| vairina ko kAla cora cugalana kauM jvAlasama , dIna pratipAla tU visAla vidha kInI hai / / gaMgA-caritra meM gaMgA kI mahimA kA varNana hai ki kisa prakAra citragupta ke bheje gaye yamadUtoM ko mAra kara haTA diyA gayA, aura gaMgA meM snAna karane vAlA pApI bhI vimAna para car3ha kara svarga pahu~cA dhAya dhAya mAra ke haTAya jamadUtana kauN| lyAya ke vimAMga asamAna bIca lai gae / / yamadUtoM ne yamarAja ke darabAra meM jAkara pukAra kii| citragupta unakI phariyAda peza karate haiM jora kara karata pukAra darabAra bIca , sora kara sAre jamarAja ko musaddI hai| haddI gaI rAvarI aSaMDa mahi maMDala sauM , rAvarau hukama tAkI uThe nAhi addI hai / kahai parasAda saba karata nisaMka pApa , gaMgA ko garUra pAya chAya rahI maddI hai| aMsI sura naddI karai baddI yA tihArai sAtha , dekho mahArAja rAjagaddI bhaI raddI hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 153 yamarAja ne gaMgAjI ko patra likhA, kintu gaMgA ne uttara meM likha bhejA ki "paija yahI pUrana pratamyA mana merai bhaI , pAtakI tirAUMgI to loka jasa paauuNgii|" kupita ho kara yamarAja ne viSNu bhagavAna ko patra likhA / viSNu ne bhI javAba de diyA terina merina aurana kI kahi pAchI burI nahiM kAna dharai hai| viSNu bhaneM jamarAja sunoM nahiM gaMga ke sAmane pesa para hai / / aura zivajI ne bhI phariyAda kiye jAne para kucha aisA hI uttara diyA yere jamarAja surasaritA ke samUha guna , kauna kahai to mauM tamAma ke adaMgA kau| bAvarau bhayau hai bhUla dIragha gayau hai kaise , sasai chayo hai suna kautuka abhaMgA ko / / kahai parasAda hama sIsa dhari rAkhI tAhI , jaiseM sivarAja samujhAya surasaMgA ko| pAvaka parasa ati jaMtra hota bhaMgA jimi , pAtika pataMgA hota nAma leta gaMgA ko / / paura isake uparAnta aneka chaMdoM meM gaMgA kI stuti aura unakA mahattva batAyA gayA hai| matsya pradeza meM durgA-upAsanA bhI aneka rUpoM meM hotI rahI hai aura yahAM ke kaI kaviyoM ne devI kI prArthanA vividha chandoM meM likhI hai| durgA sambandhI kucha saMskRta graMthoM ke anuvAda bhI hue jaise kavi kalAnidhi kA kiyA huaA durgAsaptazatI kA anuvAda jo 'durgAmahAtmya' ke nAma se pracalita huaaa|' alavara ke prasiddha kavi umAdata 'datta'2 ne kAlikASTaka nAma se bahuta ho ugra bhASA meM eka grantha likhA / kahA jAtA hai ki isa mASTaka ke dvArA kavi 'mAraNa' yoga meM saphalatA prApta kara sake the| do kavitta dekheM tori DAru dazana marauri DAru grIvA gahi, phauri DAru locana vilamba na vicaariye| 1 yaha prasaMga anuvAda nAmaka adhyAya ke aMtargata lenA upayukta hogA kyoMki 'durgA mahAtmya' eka anUdita graMtha hai| 2 mahArAja zivadAnasiMhajI ke darabAra meM inakA bahuta Adara thaa| yaha raudra rasa kI kavitA vizeSa rUpa se karate the| yaha aSTaka bahuta koziza karane para alavara nareza ke saMgrahAlaya meM hI mila sakA thaa|

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adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya phAri DAru udara vidAri DAru prAMteM saba , pAna kara zoriNata anaMda ura dhAriye / datta kavi kahai pAMya pakari pachAri DAru , chAri kari DAru begi virada samhAriye / kaSTa hari dAsa ko aSTa bhuja vArI mAta , duSTa mahatAba tAko naSTa kara DAriye / / bhejiye khabIsa khilakhilata khusIsauM khUba , baiMci khAla AmiSa khusIsoM khoji khAvai rii| prabala pizAca preta DAMkini curaila bhata , caupa kari cATi cATi carabI cabAvai rii| datta kavi kahai nija dAsa kI pukAra suna , siMha pai savAra havai ke turata uThi dhAvai rii| yerI jagadamba kavitA kI avalamba tU hai, mAri vegi duSTa ko vilamba na lagAva rI // ' yaha kavitta mAraNa prayoga ke lie likhe gae haiN| inase sAtvika bhakti-bhAva pragaTa nahIM hotaa| govarddhana se sambandhita 'giravara vilAsa' nAma kA eka ati uttama graMtha prApta hunaa| isake racayitA kavi udairAma haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gotrarddhana meM nirmita kuMja, mahala, mAnasI gaMgA Adi kA udghATana karane ke samaya isa pustaka ko likhA gayA thaa| mahArAjA sujAnasiMhajI ne ina sthAnoM kA nirmANa athavA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| inhIM mahArAja ne bharatapura kA kilA banavAyA aura usake cAroM ora khAI khudavAI thI jo aAja bho 'sujAna gaMgA' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / mAnasI gaMgA kA pahalA rUpa kucha bhI rahA ho kintu jisa rUpa meM yaha sarovara Aja vidyamAna hai vaha mahArAja sujAnasiMhajI kA prayAsa hai| govardhana ke mahala, tAlAba prAdi kA nirmANa unhoMne hI karAyA thA, aura inhIM mahAbhAga ke samaya meM mAnasI gaMgA para saba se pahalA dIpadAna huaaa| kavi ne spaSTa likhA hai mathurA teM pachima disA doi jojana sau ThAma / devana ko durlabha ka hyau hai govarddhana nAma / vRjamaMDala jaduvaMsa meM aMsa kalA avatAra / udita bhayo bhUpati bhavana sUraja harana aMdhyAra / / 1 ye kavitta jisa samaya alavara ke vayovRddha zrI rAmabhadrajI aojhA ne sarva prathama sunAye the to aura bhI, jo corapAI para thA, eka vicitra ugratA se bhara gayA thaa| unakA assA vaSa kA vaddha zarArabhA, jI cArapAipara thA, eka vicitra

Page #174
matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena maMju mahala maMdira kiye kuMja bhavana banavAya / prati avAsa UMce paTA lage ghaTAsoM jAi // giri govardhana bhuvana kI racanA kahisaka koi / lAjata laSi surapati sadana madana moha mana hoi / / mAnasarovara mAnasI racI gaga gaMbhIra , vahAM haMsa vilaseM yahAM paramahaMsa haiM tIra / aba baranahu girivara gahana karata jaMtu jahaM keli , sapta kosa ke phera meM saghana vRkSa vana beli / 'girivara vilAsa' meM aneka bAtoM kA hRdayasparzI varNana milatA hai| isa giri kI mahimA, govarddhana ke prati bharatapura ke rAjAoM kI bhakti tathA yahAM para manAye gaye prathama utsava kA vivaraNa isa graMtha meM pAyA jAtA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki govarddhana kA prasiddha dIpadAna isa samaya se hI prArambha huA 'nRpa sajAna ke sameM sau dIpadAna duti bhAi / ' kavi kA kahanA hai ki yaha sthAna rAdhA aura kRSNa kI rAsa-bhUmi hai, iso prasaMga meM likhe gaye kucha chaMda nIce die gae haiM- .. 1. ramita rAsa rasa rasika siromani , nAgara nagadhara naMdakisora / thirakata paTala pItapaTa aMcala , caMcala capala calata caMhu ora / bajata bAghabara sAdhi sakala svara , madhura madhura muralI ghanaghora / bajata mRdaMga saMga giri guMjata , suni suni china china kahukata mora / / rAdhe ramita rAsa rasa maMDala, madhura madhura nUpurana Thakora / ratana kanika tana zramakana jhalakata lalakata ali alakana kI aora / / ughari jAta vara cIra caMdamukha, laSi laSi citavata cakita cakora / karata gAna kokala kala kuhakata, cahutaka cAtaka cArahuM ora / / 3. ramita rAsa rasa rasika rAja ara , tAtA theI tatheI tattheI tAstheIyA / paTakata paga chuTa ta laTa benI , bilulata badana leta phirkiiyaa| harakata puMcha manaMhu paMnaga suta , sasiratha manahu madana mRga chiiyaa| nitaMta navala lAla bAlana saMga , rAdhe rAdhe rAdhe rAdhe kahata kanhaiyA // 4. torata tAna na mAnata tana ati gati uchaTati manahu madana mRga jorI , nirtata navala bAla lAlana saMga kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa kahati kisorii| govarddhana parikramA giri parikarmA deta haiM naranArI bahu bhIra / manahu madana-rati kI kalA koTika ghare sarIra //

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adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya varana vividha bhUSana basana pahari calata giri paMtha / mAnahu girivara bAga meM phUlyoM vitana basaMta // karata gAna gajagAminI gAvata guna gopAla / kokila kala kekI lajata gati para maMju marAla / / naMdanadana ko sadana yaha giravara gamana vilAsa / hama ko durlabha hai agama inakoM sahaja supAsa / / isa udghATana ke avasara para jo bhArI melA huyA kavi ne usakA bhI varNana kiyA hai dhAvata cArihu ora te, naranArina ke vRd| sobhA sara saritA umagi, manahu milI suSasiMgha / kahuM nacata kanhaiyA karata SyAla / bAjaMtra bajAvata deta tAla / / kahaM bAjIgara baMdara bnaai| ati karata SyAla tinako ncaai| kahuM nikara nAdiyA vyAla bhAla / bahu barana jAti suci paMcha pAla / kahuM kahata kavIsvara vara kavitta / chavi chaMdabaMdha barane vicitra / / kahu~ rasika maMDalI phirati sNg| ragamage aMga naMdalAla raMga / / mAnasIgaMgA para kie gae sarva prathama dIpadAna kA varNana isa prakAra hai gaMgA ke prasaM..'vRja bAla dIpamAla kare , ghare taja jori kori jhAla jaharI hai| ati hI ujAsa pAsa pAsa parakAsa hota , jhilamilAta jhAI jala mAMhI gaharI hai| kaiseM ke barana harana mana hota udai , derSe chavi kavihU kI mati sI haharI hai / mAnasIgaMga mAnoM rUpa rasa raMga bhIja , nagani kI jarAya jarI cunarI paharI hai| aura parvata ke Upara dIpamAlA dhareM dIpamAla vRjabAla gvAla girivara pai , mAnoM girirAja Aja mani pragaTAI haiN| raMbhA rati umA sAradA sacI siddha , sAvitrI sahita mAnauM mana meM lalacAI haiN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena nagane kI nAri Aru paMnaga kumAri ketI, nipuna tana dhAri vRjanAri bana AI haiM / surana kI bAlA saMga aMganA rasAla udai, lAlana kI mAlA mAnoM giri ko paharAI haiM // aura udairAmajI kA eka vicitra yuddha aura dekha lIjie - yeka bari suni ke bhaI, saba hI ke tana trAsa / maga meM mArana kauM kahe, samara sUra sanyAsa || uta hI riturAja rupyo rana ko suni ke saji zrAvata saMta nI / ita meM karuNAi kiyo kaMpU uta kAma kI kaupi khar3I kaMpanI // 1 tabahI saba vIra bulAi kahI sajahU sabahI aba zrAi banI / giribhUmi bhaI haradvAra yahI jai cAhata haiM apanI apanI || juvatI jana palaTani par3I, karI jahAM janu maiMna / jAke bala jItyo jagata, kahA saMta laghu seMna // dRga baMdUka bhari bhari sakati, aMjana raMjaka pyAi / citavani cakamaka taka lagI, mrakuTI kani car3hAi // gAna kI kamAna hAMsI gAMsI saMdhAna tAmeM, tISI tAna tIrana soM vIra ura bedhe haiM / kuMtala kaTArana soM benI painI dhArana sauM, tArI tarivArana sauM mAri mAri Sede haiM / civani ke cakRni soM mAre pare makrani se bhUmi bhavasAgara meM pheri na umedeM haiM / bhohana car3hAI sara lAi naiMna nAvaka meM 1 1 aMjana bhari mAli vyAli cheki cheki chede haiM / / isa prakAra 'sAMti - siMgAra' ke samara kA varNana kiyA hai / isake pazcAt zrannakUTa kA varNana hai, jaba dAnaghATI meM bhArI bhIr3a ho gaI thI / isI samaya mahArAja sUrajamala kI savArI bhI nikalI aura isa prasaMga meM kavi kahate haiM sUrajamala mukha para lakhI sUrajamukhI mahAna / astAcala ko jAta janu saMdhyA samaya subhAna // darasana kari haradeva ke harasi hRdaya sukha pAi / dinamani gata prApta bhaye nRpa nija kuMjai jAi // 157 1 kaMpU, kampanI - phauja 1 'haradevajI kA maMdira' aura 'bharatapura kI kuMja' zrAja taka vidyamAna haiN| kuMja to TUTI-phUTI avasthA meM hai kintu niyamita pUjA sevA ke kAraNa haradevajI kA maMdira acchI avasthA meM haiM /

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158 adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya isI samaya meM kiye gaye bhAgavata, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, durgAsaptazatI Adi ke anuvAda, jo bhakti-bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI kie gae the 'anuvAda' nAmaka adhyAya ke aMtargata ThIka raheMga, kyoMki ve graMtha avikala anuvAda nahIM to chAyAnuvAda avazya haiN| praha lAda, dhra va Adi kI kathAe~ bhI likhI jAtI thiiN| isa sthAna para somanAtha dvArA likhita 'dhruva vinoda' kA kucha vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai| 'dhruva vinoda' meM 5 ullAsa haiN| isa graMtha meM 'haradevajI sahAya' likhA gayA hai|' yaha pustaka aneka chaMdoM meM likhI gaI hai kintu kathAnaka kA ati pracalita rUpa hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / pustaka meM maMjI huI bhASA kA prayoga hai| prArthanA ke kucha dohe isa prakAra haiM dhyAvatu caranani ko suvidhi, gAvati gunani munIsa / janavatsala zrIvatsa nita, jaya jaya zrI jagadIsa / / x maMtraya jU uccare, Apa vidura soM bAta / dhrava caritra ko bhakta laSi, ati hI haraSita gAta / / kamalanAbhi kI nAbhi te, bhayo kanaka araviMda / tAmeM kamalAsana bhayo, suvarana varana anaMda // taduparAnta kathA kA prArambha hotA hai uttAnapAta ke jugala bhAma / jeThI sunIti laghu suruci nAma / / hI nipaTa bhAMvatI suruci bAla / aru nahi sunIti soM nRpa dayAla / dhrava kA apamAna hone para mAtA ne unheM bhagavAna kI prApti karane kA upadeza diyA aruNa kamala dala ke chavi vaare| nipaTa visAla naina aniyAre / 1 bharatapura ke rAjAoM kI haradevajI ke prati bahuta zraddhA rahI hai / kahA jAtA hai ki bharatapura ke mahArAja govarddhana se haradevajI ke pujArI ko livA kara bharatapura meM lAye the aura eka maMdira bhI sthApita karAyA jo aba taka vidyamAna hai / pahale to isa maMdira kI jIvikA bahuta thI parantu dhIre-dhIre kama hotI calI gaI / haradevajI ke pazcAt rAjavaMza meM lakSmaNajI kI bhakti-paraMparA calI, aisA anumAna hai|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 156 rucira nAsikA zuka laSi lAjai / zravana jJAna ke vivara virAja // amala kapola gola ati niike| lalita adhara sukhadAyaka jI ke // jaba putra jAne lagA to mAtA kI avasthA dekhie jAni samIpa sunIti sapUtahiM nainani beli vinoda kI boii| e zasinAtha udAra tihI china eka bAra vithA saba choI / / AI umaMgi taraMgani tUla hutI chatiyA ju vichoha viloI / nIkai nihAri pasAri bhujA dhruva aMka meM dhAri pukAri ke roI // isa pustaka ke prathama ullAsa meM 103 chaMda, dUsare meM 117, tIsare aura cauthe meM kramazaH 35 aura 34 chaMda haiM / pAMcaveM ullAsa meM 57 chaMda haiN| isa pustaka kI patra saMkhyA 87 hai / dhruva kI kathA paurANika AdhAra para likhI gaI hai| isameM mAtrika tathA vaNika donoM prakAra ke chaMda pAye jAte haiN| isa pustaka kI racanAtithi kavi ke zabdoM meM hI isa prakAra hai saMvat ThAra se varasa, bAraha (1812) jeTha sukAsa / kRSNa trodasI bAra bhRgu, bhayau graMtha parakAsa / / kavi ne pustaka ke anta meM dhruva tathA unakI mAtA donoM ko vaikuNThaloka meM pratiSThita karA diyA hai baiThi vimAna calyau suraloka ko kaMcana sI tana joti visessii| paMtha ke madhya acAnaka hI SaTakI pUni aMba dazA anlessii|| so sasinAtha sunaMda au naMda ne jAni daI darasAha sumessii| prAnaMda mAnyoM taba dhrava ne jaba Age samAi vimAna meM dessii|| kucha sphuTa kavitA prArthanA sambandhI bhI milii| jaise- gaMgA kI stuti, zivajI kI stuti / inake atirikta jugala kavi kA likhA eka 'karuNApaccIsA'' bhI 1 vaise isa pustaka kA nAma 'satyanArAyaNa karuNa pacIsI' hai / 'karuNApaccIsA' mAnane kA kAraNa yaha dohA hai hRdaya prAi kavi jugala ke, upajI bhakti sudeSa / karuNA paccIsA liSyo, satyanArAyaNa vesa // iti zrI satyanArAyaNa bhakttimaya karuNApaccIsA saMpUrNam /

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adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya milA jisameM acchI kavitA prApta hotI hai| yaha paccIsA satyanArAyaNa kI stuti meM likhA gayA hai / kula savaiyoM kI saMkhyA 25 hai jinameM se pahale savA tIna gAyaba haiM / prApta pustaka cauthe savaiye ke dUsare caraNa se prAraMbha hotI hai / jaba Tera sunI gajarAja hI kI vRjarAja hI dhAe he chipakane / duSa madhya sabhA ke pukArI hI draupadI rASI prabhAvate lAjapane / / imi bhakta aneka ke kAja sare tyoM lihAja kI pAra jagAeM bane / krapA rAvarI ko nahiM pAra aba prabhu satyanArAyaNa to saraneM / / kalikAla mahA vikarAla rahai so vihAla karai ko upAi tthneN| prana pAlyau hai jyoM prahalAda kau tyoM gama rakSA karau aba bAta baneM / / ika terau bharosau Sarau sau rahai prana pAlie saMkaTa ke harane / sunihAri nihAla karau china meM prabhu satyanArAyaNa tau saraneM / / anuprAsa bhI dekhie-- janameM jagake jiba jaMtU jiteka jine jiya jIvana je apne| agha aodhana teM ati prAratavaMta abehI anaMta karau apane // aura anta meM isa paccIsA kA phala bhI likhA hai satyanarAyana bInatI, jugala kRtya janaheta / jo yAkU sISa suneM, mana vaMchita phala deta / / isI yuga meM prasiddha mahAtmA caraNadAsajI kA AvirbhAva huaa| inako do ziSyAe~ sahajobAI aura dayAbAI apane guru ke samAna ho kAvya-kalA-marmajJa thiiN| ina tInoM kI kavitA meM nirguNa aura saguNa donoM prakAra kI bhakti kA rUpa milatA hai / caraNadAsajI kI vANI kA "bhakti sAgara' nAma se prakAzana ho cukA hai, aura inako ziSyA sahajIbAI kA 'sahajaprakAza' tathA dayAbAI ke 'dayAbodha' aura 'vinaya mAlikA' bhI prakAzita haiN| hamane inake hastalikhita granthoM ko bhI dekhA aura isI prasaMga meM DeharA kI bhI yAtrA kI gii| DeharA caraNadAsajI kI janma bhUmi hai aura yahIM inakI donoM ziSyAoM kA bhI nivAsa thaa| isa sthAna meM caraNadAsajo kI kucha vastue~, TopI, khar3AU Adi aba taka milate haiN| mahAtmA caraNadAsa bhArgava vaMza meM saMvat 1760 ke aMtargata pragaTa huye| inake sambandha meM aneka camatkArapUrNa kahAniyA~ haiN| inake guru zukamuni the aura unakI hI prAjJA se yaha dillI gaye, jahAM inakA sthAna hai / aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai __dillI se calakara gaye, vRndAvipina bihAra / aura vahA~ sevAkuMja meM pahu~ca kara bhagavAna kA sAkSAt darzana kiyaa| isase yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki ve saguNavAdI the aura bhagavAna kRSNa meM unakI

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena pUrNa AsthA thii| unakI kavitAoM meM bhI unakI bhakti kA yahI rUpa milatA hai| inakA deha-tyAga saMvat 1836 kahA jAtA hai / vRndAvana meM inakI bahuta zraddhA thI nanda ke kumAra hauM to kahIM bAra bAra , mohi lIjie ubAra aoTa ApanI meM kiijie| kAma aru krodha ko kATo jama ber3A prabhu , mAMgo eka nAma mohi bhaktidAna dIjiye / aura ko chuTAyo sAtha saMtana ko dIje sAtha , vRndAvana nivAsa mohi pherihU patIjiye / kahai carNadAsa meri hoya nahIM hAMsI zyAma , kahUM maiM pukAri merI zravana suna lIjiye / unhoMne kRSNa kI aneka lIlAoM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai aura sarvadA yahI . kahate rahe 'vaMzIvAre soM lagana morI lAga gaI / , inake dvArA likhA kucha urdU padya bhI milatA hai mujhe zyAma se milane kI prArajU hai , zabo roja dila meM yahI justajU hai| nahIM bhAtI haiM mujhako bAteM kisI kI , sunI jabase usa yAra kI guphtagU hai| zarAbe muhabbata pigI jisane yAraba , banA donoM jaga meM vahI surkharU hai / caraNadAsajI ne dAnalIlA Adi bhI likhI haiN| sAtha hI aSTAMgayoga, aSTa prakAra ke kuMbhaka, haThayoga, sataguru, sumirana kA aMga, anahada zabda kI mahimA, mAyA Adi kA bhI varNana nirguNa saMtoM kI taraha kiyA hai| kucha udAharaNa dekheM1. bhedabAnI guru dUtI bina sakhI pIva na dekho jAya / bhAvai tuma japa tapa kari dekhoM bhAvaM tIratha nhAya // pAMca sakhI paccIsa sahelI ati cAtura adhikAya / mohi ayAnI jAni ke merau bAlama liyau lukAya / / veda purAna sabai jo DhUr3he stuti ismRti saba dhAyA / pAni dharma au kriyAkarma meM dInha mohi bharamAyA // 2. karama-bharama kA niSedha saba jaga marma bhulAnA aise / UMTa kI pUMcha se UMTa baMdhyoM jyauM bher3acAla hai jaise //

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162 adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya khara kA sora mUMsa kUkara kI dekhA dekhI caalii| taise kaluA jAhira bhairoM seDha masAnI kAlI // dUdha-pUta pAthara se mAMgeM jAke mukha nahiM nAsA / lapasI papar3I r3hera karata haiM vaha nahi khAvai mAsA // vAkaM Age bakarA mAreM tAhi ma hatyA jAne / laM lohU mAthe sauM lAveM aise mUr3ha ayAne // 3. anahada zabda nau nAr3I ko khaici pavana lai ura meM dii| vajjara tAlA lAya dvAra nau baMda karIjai // tInoM baMda lagAya asthira anahada ArAdhe / surati nirati kAma rAha cala gagana agAdhai / sunna sikhara cadi rahai hRr3ha jahAM prAsana maare| bhava caranadAsa tAlI lage rAma darasa kalamala hAre / 4. sataguru zabda--- satagura merA sUramA, karai zabda kI coTa / mAre golA prema kA, Dhahai bharama kA koTa / maiM miragA guru pAradhI, zabda lagAyau bAna / caranadAsa ghAyala gire, tana mana bIdhe prAna / / 5. kabIra vAlA jala-kuMbha prakaraNa jaise jala meM jala kuMbha basa jala bhItara bAhara pUri rahyo hai| taise jala meM jala pAlA baMdhyo jaba phuTi gayo jala prAya bhayau hai / aise vaha jaga meM vyApi rahyau kinahU~ kara locana nAMhi gahyau hai| caraNadAsa kahai duI dUri karau sagarau jaga ekahi Dora guhyau hai / / 6. tIrtha makara tajaM to mathurA mana meM, kapaTa tajai to kAsI / aura tIrtha sabahI jaga nAthA, nAhiM chUTi jama phAMsI / / inake atirikta mudrA, aSTakamala, niraMjana, sAhaba, nAma, zabda Adi nirguNa saMtoM kI sabhI bAteM inake graMthoM meM maujUda haiN| sahajobAI aura dayAbAI donoM sadA gurudeva kI sevA karatI rhiiN| inakA janma 1775 ke AsapAsa huA hogaa| inake granthoM meM se 'vinaya-mAlikA' ko kucha loga caraNadAsajI ke kisI anya ziSya, dayAdAsa kA likhA mAnate haiN| sahajobAI kI kavitA bhI nirguNa ko dRSTi se usI prakAra kI hai| 1. guru hari kirapA jo hoya to, nAhIM hoya to nAhi / pai guru kirapA dayA binu, sakala buddhi nahiM jAhi //

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matsya-pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena rAma tajUM pai guru na bisaaruu| guru ke sama hari kU na nihArU / / hari ne janma diyau jaga maahii| guru ne AvAgamana chuTAhI // caranadAsa para tana mana vArU / guru na tajaM hari ko taji DArU / 2. brahma nirguNa saguNa eka prabhu, dekhyau samajha vicAri / sataguru ne A~khI daI, niscai kiyau nihAri // 3. kAyA nagara bAbA kAyA nagara bsaavau| jJAna dRSTi sUM ghara meM dekhI surati nirati lI lAvo / pAMca mAri mana basa kara apane tInoM tApa nasAvoM / / 4. sAtha ho saguNa bhI mere ika sira gopAla aura nahIM koU bhAI / ................... jAti hu kI kAna tajI loka hU kI lAja bhajI / donoM kula mAhiM kI kahA kara soI / / ['mere to giradhara gopAla' ke anusAra] dayAbAI ne bhI isI prakAra kI kavitA kii| guru ko mahimA inhoMne bho bahuta gAI hai guru binu jJAna dhyAna nahiM hove / guru binu caurAsI mana jovai // guru binu rAmabhakti nahiM jAgai / guru binu asubha karma nahiM tyAga // sAdhu varNana sAdha sAdha saba kou kahai, duralabha sAdhU seva / jaba saMgata hva sAdha kI, taba pAvai saba bheva // prAtma jJAna jJAna rUpa ko bhayo prakAsa / bhayo avidyA tama ko nAsa / / dayAbAI kA janma bhI DaharA' meM hI huprA / 'dayAbodha' ko racanA 1818 kI batAI jAtI hai / inake dvArA komalatA, madhuratA, prema Adi kI prazaMsA ko gaI hai| 1 DaharA - alavara jile meM eka gAMva jo alavara ke rAjamahala 'vijaya pailesa' se lagabhaga eka mIla kI dUrI para hai / yahAM caranadAsajI kA Azrama hai, aura eka mahaMta usake adhikArI haiN|

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164 adhyAya 4 - bhakti-kAvya dayAbodha meM bhI aneka prasaMga 'graMga' nAma se likhe haiM, jaise-guru-mahimA kA aMga, sumirana kA aMga, sUra kA aMga, prema kA aMga, vairAga kA aMga, sAdha kA aMga, ajapA kA aMga / caranadAsajI ne 'zrI jJAna svarodai' bhI likhA hai, jisameM 227 chaMda haiM / jisa hastalikhita prati ko maiMne dekhA usameM 38 patra haiN|' yaha eka AdhyAtmika tathA dArzanika grantha hai| isameM svaroM ke bheda bhI batalAye gae haiM aura unakA jJAna karAyA gayA hai bheda svarodai bahuta haiM, sUkSama kahyau banAya / tAkU samajha vicAra le, apanI cita mana lAya / / dharana Tarai giravara Tarai, dhruva Tarai puna mIta / vacana svarodai nAM Tarai, muralI suta ranajIta / / iDA piMgalA suSamanA, nADI kahiyeM tIna / sUraja caMda vicAra kai, rahai svAMsa lau lIna / svAMsa bAraNavai kroDa kI, araba jAna nara loya / bIta jAya svAsA sabai, taba hI mRtaga hoya / / ikIsa hajAra chasso caleM, rAta dinA jo svAMsa / bIsA sau jIvai barasa, hoya adhana ko nAMsa / / pAvaka aura prakAsa tata, vAma natra jo hoya / kachU kAja nahIM kIjiye, inameM barajU toya // dahanoM svara jaba calata hai, vahAM jAya jo hoya / tIna pAMva prAgai dhare, sUraja so dina hoya // garbhavatI ke garbha kI, jo koI pUche prAya / bAlaka hoya ke bAlakI, jIva ke mara jAya // bAveM kahiye chokarI, dahaneM beTA hoya / vAko vAyoM svara cale, jIvata hI mara jAya // unakI 'bAnI' se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve paMDe pujAriyoM dvArA pracalita avatAroM ko nahIM mAnate the kintu vaise 'avatAravAda' kA pratipAdana karate the| karma-kAMDa aura mUrtipUjA kI niMdA spaSTa rUpa se kI gaI hai| pracalita devI-devatAoM ke nAma para calAe gae pAkhaNDa se bhI janatA ko AgAha kiyA gayA hai| parantu kabIra, dAda Adi saMtoM ko bAteM bho ina caranadAsiyoM meM usI taraha se pAI jAtI haiM / dArzanika dRSTi se caranadAso nirguNI kahe jA sakate haiM, parantu vyAva 1 isa graMtha kA bahuta pracAra thaa| rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna meM hI isakI tIna (ha0 li0) pratiyAM haiN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 165 hArika dRSTi se ve saguNa ko hI mAnate haiN| ye saguNamArgI hote hue bhI yoga aura sAdhanA ko grahaNa karate haiM / saba kucha milA kara inakA jhukAva saguNa kI ora adhika hai kintu inake saguNa meM ADaMbara kI mAtrA kama hai| isa pradeza meM aura bAhara bhI mahAtmA caraNadAsajI ke padoM kA bahuta pracAra thA aura usa samaya kI pracalita paddhati ke anusAra jo pada-saMgraha kie jAte the unameM inake pada sthAna-sthAna para milate haiN| rAjasthAna prAcya-vidyA pratiSThAna meM upalabdha do saMgrahoM meM inake kucha pada mile / ye saMgraha do sau varSa purAne haiM aura tulasI, sUra, naMdadAsa, agradAsa Adi ke padoM ke sAtha caranadAsajI ke pada bhI milate haiN| unameM se do tIna pada nIce die jA rahe haiM-bhASA kA jo rUpa ina hastalekhoM meM milatA hai, vahI diyA jA rahA hai| Udho ke prati gopiyoM kA kathana - Udho kA jAne hamAre jIva kii| cAtraga vRda cakora caMda kU, ase hamako pIva kI / / neha ke mAnavI dhara kari khaicI, mAra gaye hari ti[tI]ra kii| bhAla viyoga hIye bIca khar3ako, sudha na lahe yA jIva kI / / caranadAsa sakhi nisadina taraphai, jo macharI bIna ni[nI]ra kii| kahai kachu aora karai kachu pora, pAkhara jAta ahIra kii|| ahIra jAti ke hokara kRSNa kI 'kathanI' aura 'karanI' meM aMtara honA hI caahie| ____ eka aura pada dekhie jisameM caraNadAsajI kA santamatAnugamana spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| yaha pahale ho kahA jA cukA hai ki caraNadAsajI ke kAvya meM nirguNa aura saguNa donoM dikhAI dete haiN| aba jama kA karegA re| anahada suratI raMgIlo lAgI, jiha caMda pavana nahIM / ... ... ... pAnI jahA~ jAya ghara chaayaa| jAmai AvAgamana nerA jJAna kA kalapa lagAyA // purana brahma sakala vidhi purA jihA kiyA hama beraa| sIla surata dA gharacA prarAvA isaTa pAvai neraa|| kra0 saM0 1882 aura 1860 para ye saMgraha-graMtha mile / inameM se pahale kA saMgraha saMvat 1816 hai aura dUsare kA 1827 / isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki caraNadAsajI ke jIvana kAla meM hI ye pada-saMgraha kie gae the aura unakI khyAti dUra-dUra phaila cukI thii| - 'dA'-saMbaMdhasUcaka yaha prayoga somanAtha ke 'prema pacIsA' meM bhI milatA hai, yathA-'dila aMdara dA prdaa'|

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adhyAya 4 -- bhakti-kAvya jahA sakala jaga mara mara johai, jahA hama jIvata jAI / balihArI satagura ApakI, asI Thora batAI / / jo kohI basa prAgamana jAkI, yeka mayeka kahA hoii| caranadAsa hara kRSNa sakhI kA, dUjA rUpa na hoI / / aba caraNadAsajI ke 'syAma' kA darzana bhI kara lIjie jo kabhI 'ijAra', 'paTukA' aura 'bAgau' pahana kara aura kabhI 'pAga', 'uparainA' aura 'dhovatI' meM Apako kRtkRtya kara rahe haiN| maiMne kRSNa ke kaI maMdiroM meM dekhA ki akSaya tRtIyA ke dina bhagavAna kA zRMgAra caMdana se hI hotA hai| saMbhavata: uso dina kA darzana isa pada meM varNita haiM [rAga sAraMga syAma aMga banyau caMdana ko baagau| caMdana ijAra caMdana kau, paTukA caMdana ko sira paagii| Teka rAyabeli kI mAlA paharai, bIci suraMga raMga lAgau // rAga sAraMga caMdana pahirai rAjata zrI gopAla / haraSa bhare mukha varaSa mahA suSamA, dhurI mUrati rasAla // Teka seta pAga seta uparainA, seta dhovatI' ujjala motina mAla / caranadAsa prabhu e chabi niraSata, vraja jIvani naMdalAla / / caraNadAsajI kA vyaktitva bar3A prabhAvazAlI pratIta hotA hai| eka ora jahA~ unheM santamata kA pUrA jJAna hai vahA~ unakI bhakti-bhAvanA bhI ucca koTi kI hai para sAtha hI bAhyADambara se unakI buddhi mela nahIM khaatii| unakI kRtiyoM se unakI kAvya-pratibhA ucca koTi kI siddha hotI hai, unheM rAgoM kA jJAna hai, sAtha hI sundara pada-lAlitya kA bhI / vyaMgamaya uktiyAM kahane meM bho ve nahIM cuukte| unakI bhASA vaise to vrajabhASA hai kintu khar3I bolI kA puTa bhI sthAna-sthAna para milatA hai, saMbhavataH dillI pravAsa ke kaarnn| kucha samaya pUrva isa prAMta meM eka prasiddha mahAtmA lAladAsa ne bhI nirguNa kI bAteM kahI thiiN| inake ziSya lAladAsI kahalAte haiN| ahamada nAma ke eka anya kavi kI kucha kavitAe~ milIM jinase unakI vicAradhArA bhI nirguNa ke antargata mAlUma hotI hai kAhe bharamatA Dolai re yogI, tU kAhe bharamatA ddol| deha dhoya mAMje kyA pAve, mana ko kyoM nA dho leM // jJAna kI hAtha tarAjU tere, phira kyoM kamatI tole| ahamada hoya kahA pachitAye, aba kyoM kAMkara rola // 1 'dhotI' ke sthAna meM vrajamaMDala aura rAjasthAna meM Aja bhI 'dhovatI' kA prayoga hotA hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena kyA par3a sovai uTha alabelI | prAja racyau tero vyAha navelI || saba sakhiyAM tohi dulahana banAveM / milajula ke tohi bidA karAveM / dvAra barAta khar3I dhana pyArI / tU soI sukha nIMda anArI // isa prakAra ke aneka kavi hue jinhoMne isa saMsAra kI grasAratA tathA usa saMsAra ko jAne kI taiyArI para jora diyA / khoja meM dAsa nAma ke eka nirguraga saMta kA 'gopIcandajI kau vairAga' bhI milA 167 'kareM baMdagI dharaNi prakAsa ' 'pIra paMtra bara sidhi aru sAdha' 'nAma kabIra japai raidAsa ' 'dAsa ko vairAga bodha' premamArgI zAkhA ke aMtargata gulAma mohammada dvArA likhe 'premarasAla' kI bAta kahI jAtI hai / yaha grantha sUphI premamAgiyoM anukaraNa para hai / ina premamArgI kavi ke pitA kA nAma grabdAlakhAM kahA jAtA hai aura inake AzrayadAtA bharatapura ke mahArAja raNadhIrasiMha kahe jAte haiM / yaha pustaka kAphI khoja karane para bhI prApta nahIM ho sakI / eka anya pustaka 'madhumAlatI' hai jisake racayitA caturbhujadAsa nigama kAyastha haiM / isa pustaka kI kaI pratiyAM hameM upalabdha huIM jinameM do pratiyAM sacitra bhI thiiN| yaha graMtha matsya prAMta se adhika sambandha nahIM rakhatA, ataH isakA vizeSa vivaraNa isa sthAna para upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA matsya ke bhakti kAvya ko dekhane para hameM isa pradeza kI bhakti-paramparA meM kucha vizeSa bAteM dikhAI detI haiM 1. nirguNa kI apekSA matsya pradeza meM saguNa kA adhika pracAra rhaa| nirguraNa kI pravRtti hameM caraNadAsiyoM ke sAhitya meM milatI hai aura siddhAMta rUpa se unakA usa ora jhukAva bhI mAlUma par3atA hai / vyavahAra meM ye loga bhI saguNa ko adhika mAnate the / 2 rAma aura kRSNa donoM avatAroM kI upAsanA huI / sAhitya kI dRSTi se kRSNa - sAhitya kI racanAe~ adhikatA se milatI haiN| vaise to hameM vicitra rAmAyaNa jaise sundara prabaMdha kAvya bhI mile haiM kintu rAma sambandhI sAhitya kI ora loga kama AkarSita hue / saMyoga aura viyoga donoM kI dRSTi se kRSNa saMbaMdhI sAhitya kI ora kaviyoM kA dhyAna adhika gayA hai / rAma aura kRSNa saMbaMdhI sAhitya meM zRMgAra bahuta hI saMyata rUpa meM milatA hai

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adhyAya-4 bhakti-kAvya 3. prApta pustakoM meM prabaMdha kAvya bhI milate haiM jaise vicitra rAmAyaNa, rAdhAmaMgala Adi, parantu upalabdha graMthoM meM adhika racanAe~ muktaka haiM / anUdita pustakoM meM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, bhAgavata Adi sammilita haiN| 4. prApta sAhitya meM matsya pradeza kI paramparA aura pracalita paddhati kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai jisake sundara udAharaNa-mahAdevajI ko vyAhulau, rAdhAmaMgala Adi haiM / lIlAgoM meM bhI pracalita praNAlI kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai aura unheM jana-sAdhAraNa ke nikaTa kI vastu banAyA gayA hai| 5. bhakti-sampradAya se sambandhita kucha musalamAna bhakta bhI haiM, jaise lAladAsa, alIbakhza, ahamada Adi / puruSoM ke atirikta striyoM kI kavitA bhI prApta huI jinameM dayAbAI aura sahajobAI ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 6. giravara vilAsa, rAdhAmaMgala aura vyAhulau isa pradeza kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| inakA sambandha isI prAnta se hai, kisI anya prAnta meM sambhavataH inakA itanA adhika mahattva na ho / kintu ina granthoM meM jo utkRSTa koTi kA prakRtivarNana milatA hai, usakA Ananda sabhI prApta kara sakate haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki matsya pradeza ke kaviyoM dvArA bhakti ke aneka aMgoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA aura unakI racanAe~ kAvya tathA bhAvukatA kI dRSTi se sammAnapUrNa sthAna kI adhikAriNI haiN| - - - ernational www.jainel

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adhyAya 5 nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI tathA anya matsya pradeza meM noti saMbaMdhI aneka dohoM kA pracalana rahA jinakA maukhika rUpa to upalabdha hotA hai kintu yahAM ke sAhitya meM koI acchA saMgraha nahIM mila skaa| hAM, hitopadeza, nItizataka Adi ke anuvAda avazya mile, aura pAIne akabarI ke AdhAra para likhI kucha rAjanIti / ina nIti-pustakoM kA praNayana rAjapatroM ko par3hAne ke liye kiyA gayA thaa| nIti-saMbaMdhI kucha kahAniyAM bhI pracalita thIM jaise vikramAditya se saMbaMdhita battIsa putaliyoM kI battIsa kahAniyAM / sAmAnya jJAna aura nIti ke lie akalanAme bhI banAye gae jinameM sAmAnya vyAvahArika bAtoM kA acchA varNana kiyA gyaa| ina akalanAmoMmeM bahuta sI aisI bAteM bhI haiM jinakA jAnanA na kevala rAjaputroM ko hI varan sabhya samAja meM sabhI ko Avazyaka hotA hai / ___nIti ke atirikta yuddha-saMbaMdhI sAhitya bhI upalabdha huaA hai jo usa samaya ke rAjyoM ke upayukta hI hai / vaha samaya ghora saMgharSa kA thaa| musalamAna, marahaThe, jATa, aMgreja, mugala Adi zaktiyAM apane-apane utthAna meM lagI huI thIM aura apanI sthiti ko dRr3ha banAne kI ceSTA kara rahI thiiN| kabhI-kabhI do yA adhika zaktiyoM ke gaThabandhana bhI ho jAte the| matsya ke aMtargata cAroM rAjyoM meM kabhIkabhI ApasI lar3AiyA~ bhI huA karatI thiiN| udAharaNa ke liye pratApasiMha bharatapura rAjya meM javAharasiMhajI ke Azrita raha cuke the parantu unhIM ke rAjya se alavara kA durga pratApasiMhajI ne jhapaTa liyaa| aura bhI kaI bAra isa prakAra ke saMgharSa hue| jATa rAjAoM kA musalamAnoM ke sAtha ghanaghora yuddha huyA aura mugala bhI bharatapura kA lohA mAnate the| dillI meM jAToM kI dhAka baiTha gaI thI aura unhoMne mugaloM kI isa rAjadhAnI ko khUba lUTA / eka samaya to jAToM ke rAjya kA vistAra atyadhika ho gayA thaa| prAgarA, mathurA, dillI tathA prAsapAsa kA bahuta sA hissA bharatapura rAjya kA aMga bana gyaa| karaulI aura dhaulapura ke vartamAna nava-nirmita rAjya aMgrejoM se dAnasvarUpa prApta huye the, yadyapi ina rAjyoM kI paramparA alavara aura bharatapura se purAnI hai| bharatapura aura alavara ke rAjAoM meM yuddha kI dRSTi se do rAjAoM ke nAma bahuta prakhyAta haiN| eka sujAnasiMha (sUrajamala) jinakI vIratA kA jo varNana 'sujAna caritra' meM

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170 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI kiyA gayA hai usakI samAnatA kA anya graMtha prApta karanA hindI meM kaThina hai / dUsare alavara ke pratApasiMhajI jinake yaza aura parAkrama tathA mAhasika kAryoM kA varNana karate huye jAcIka jIvaNa ne 'pratAparAso'' nAma se eka pustaka likhii| inake atirikta matsya ke rAjyoM meM samaya-samaya para choTe-bar3e bakher3e bhI ho jAyA karate the| bharatapura meM sinasinI para laDAI huI thI, aura alavara ke eka rAjA ne bhI eka bAra apane sabhI saradAroM se jAgIreM chInane kA nizcaya kiyA thaa| usa samaya kI eka racanA 'yamana vidhvaMsa prakAsa' hai| bharatapura rAjya se saMbaMdhita vIra-sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| yahAM kI vIratA kA krama bahuta samaya taka claa| sujAnasiMha aura javAharasiMha kI vIratA bhAratIya itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita hai| eka choTe se rAjya kA adhipati dillI ke salatona ko bhayabhIta kara de aura manamAnI laTa macA kara samparNa dillI meM apanA aAtaMka jamA de, isase adhika vIratA kA aura kyA pramANa ho sakatA hai ? kahane ko bharatapura ke ina jATa rAjAoM ko kucha loga DAkU kahate haiM aura inake pUrvapuruSa cUrAmaNa ko to DAkuoM ke saradAra se kucha bhI adhika nahIM kahA gayA hai| zivAjI ko bhI loga pahAr3I cUhA kahate the kintu unakI vIratA kA sAkSI bhAratIya itihAsa hai| ina DAkU kahe jAne vAle jATa rAjAoM ne bhI mulka jItane ke pazcAt rAjya-zAsana saMbhAlA, bikharI huI zakti ko saMgaThita kiyA; mahala, maMdira, tAlAba aura kila banavAye tathA kavi aura vidvAnoM kA satkAra kiyA / sUrajamala ko hI lIjie / DIga ke bhavana sthApatya-kalA ke suMdara namUne haiN| inameM mugala kalA kA prAdhAnya hai| gopAla-bhavana bahuta hI suMdara hai / aura yahAM ke phavvAre to dekhate hI banate haiN| koI samaya thA jaba, kahA jAtA hai, raMgIna phavvAre calate the| maisUra ke vRndAvana udyAna meM cAlita raMgIna phavvAre to vidyut prakAza kA pariNAma haiM, kintu yahAM DIga meM raMgIna pAnI kI hI vyavasthA kI jAtI thii| thor3I mAtrA meM mAmUlI pAnI ke phavvAre Aja bhI calate hue dekhe jA sakate haiM / DIga ke bhavanoM kA zilAnyAsa, DIga aura bharatapura ke kiloM kA nirmANa, govarddhana ko usakA vartamAna vaibhava pradAna karanA, udaya rAma, zivarAma aura akhairAma jaise kAvya-marmajJoM kA satkAra karanA, dillo para saphala pAkramaNa karanA Adi kisI bhI pratibhAzIla rAjA ke liye gaurava kI bAta haiN| 1 pratApa rAso eka uttama kAvya graMtha hai jisakA aitihAsika evaM sAhityika mahatva atyanta mUlyavAna hai / prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura dvArA isa pustaka ko prakAzita karane kA prayatna ho rahA hai| pustaka 'alavara myUjiyama' meM milI thii|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 171 yuddha saMbaMdhI sAhitya ke atirikta do tIna prakAra kI sAmagrI aura milatI hai, jaise prakUlanAme, rAjAoM ke manovinoda saMbaMdhI varNana, itihAsa, vivAha Adi ke varNana / usa samaya kulanAme likhane kI paramparA-sI pratIta hotI hai / hamArI khoja meM do tIna kalanAme mile| inameM aneka prakAra kI sAmAnya jJAna saMbaMdhI sAmagrI hotI thI / ina pustakoM ko yadi sAmAnya jJAna kA koSa bhI kahA jAya to koI atyukti na hogI / kintu adhyayana karane para patA lagatA hai ki ina kulanAmoM meM sunI sunAI bAtoM kA hI ullekha kiyA jAtA thA-- granubhUta sAmagrI kI kamI rahatI thii| vaise inameM aitihAsika, bhaugolika, sAMskRtika tathA jIvana saMbaMdhI bahuta sI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai / kathA-sAhitya ke antargata do prakAra kA sAhitya milatA hai-- eka to paurANika kathAoM se saMbaMdhita jisameM rAma, kRSNa, ziva, gaMgA Adi ke AkhyAna haiM | inake sAtha hI kucha bhaktoM kI kathAe~ bhI milatI haiM jaise dhruva, prahlAda yAdi / dUsare prakAra ke kathA sAhitya meM hitopadeza kI kahAniyAM lI jA sakatI haiM / usa samaya siMhAsana battIsI kA bahuta pracAra thA aura matsya ke kaI kaviyoM ne isa ora bhI dhyAna diyA / ye kahAniyAM gadya aura padya donoM meM milatI haiM / hamArI khoja meM hindI gadya ke atirikta nAgarI lipi meM likhI urdU - gadya kI bhI eka pustaka prApta huI / hastalikhita pustakoM meM vaidyaka aura jyotiSa ke bahuta se grantha milate haiM / inakA eka acchA saMgraha hindI sAhitya samiti bharatapura meM hai / ina viSayoM ko, sAhitya se dUra hone ke kAraNa, hamane chor3a diyA hai| adhikAMza hindI pustakeM to prasiddha saMskRta graMthoM ke anuvAda mAtra hI haiM / rAjAoM ke manovinoda se saMbaMdhita kucha pustakeM pratyeka daravAra meM pAI gaIM / ina pustakoM ko rAjAoM ke vyaktigata jIvana kA pratyakSIkaraNa kaha sakate haiN| ina pustakoM kI vizeSatA varNana kI utkRSTatA hai jo rAjAnoM dvArA zera Adi kI zikAra kA varNana, holI ke darabAra kA varNana, lAla lar3Ane ke avasaroM kA varNana, yAtrAoM kA varNana Adi prasaMgoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / do 'vivAhavinoda' bhI mile| inameM eka lar3ake ko zAdI aura dUsare meM lar3akI kI zAdI ke varNana haiM / itihAsa nAma se kevala eka hI hastalikhita pustaka milI jo alavara ke bArahaTa zivabakhza dAna gUjU kI likhI huI 'alavara rAjya kA itihAsa' nAma se prasiddha huii| isameM alavara rAjya kI kucha aisI bAteM bhI likhI huI haiM jinase

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172 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI itihAsakAra kA pakSapAtapUrNa honA lakSita hotA hai| vaise matsya ke yuddha sAhitya meM aitihAsika tathyoM kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura usa samaya kI pracalita pravRtti atizayoktipUrNa kathana se bacAyA gayA hai| sUdana kA likhA 'sujAna caritra' usa samaya ke itihAsa ke liye sundara sAmagrI pradAna karatA hai aura isI prakAra jAcIka jIvaNa kA likhA 'prtaapraaso'| ina granthoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki varNana karate samaya sainika, ghor3e Adi kI saMkhyAoM ko bhI jaisA kA taisA batAyA gayA hai| akabara kI rAjanIti bahuta prasiddha aura saphala rahI hai| unake 'AIna' kA kaI bhASAnoM meM anuvAda ho gayA hai| matsya meM bhI isa ora kucha prayAsa kiye gaye / 'akabara kRta rAjanIti' nAma se eka pustaka alavara rAjabhavana pustakazAlA meM milii| yaha pustaka braja bhASA se prabhAvita gadya meM likhI gaI hai| isameM rAjAoM ke upayoga kI bahuta sI bAteM batAI gaI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie isa pustaka meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba koI phariyAdI grAve to usakA 'kesa' noTa kara lenA cAhiye aura una kesoM ko nambara se nibeTanA cAhiye tAki pahale pIche hone kI sthiti na hone pAye / daMDa ke bhI darje batAye gae haiN| jaise pahale 1-upadeza aura tarakIba se kAma lenA, 2-daMDa denA, 3-aMgabhaMga karanA, aura 4-mRtyu daMDa, jaba koI bhI anya upAya kAma na de ske| rAjAroM ke lie aneka upayogI bAtoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jaise 1-kisAna ke sAtha bahuta riyAyata karanI cAhiye, 2-haMsI-majAka adhika nahIM karanA cAhiye, 3-kisI kI burAI karane se dUra rahanA cAhiye, aura 4-jo kAma karanA ho soca-vicAra kara karanA cAhiye / isa pustaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki nyAya kisa prakAra kiyA jAya, rAjA kI carcA kisa taraha kI honI cAhiye, rAja-niyama kaise hone cAhiye, grAdi / isakA adhika varNana isI pustaka ke anuvAda tathA gadya prakaraNa meM mila skegaa| rAjanIti kI eka pustaka devodAsa ne bhI likhI hai| ye kavirAja karaulI ke Azrita the| inakA nivAsa-sthAna to aAgarA thA kintu ye aksara riyAsatoM meM cakkara lagAte rahate the| 'rAjanIti' nAma hone para bhI isa pustaka meM sAmAnya nIti kA hI varNana hai| kavi ne 'nIti' (sAmAnya nIti) kI bar3I prazaMsA likhI hai nIti hI teM dharama dharama hI teM sakala siddhi , nIta hI teM prAdara samAja bIca pAIye / nIta teM anIta chUTe nIta hI teM sukha lUTa , nIta liye boleM bhalo bakatA kahAIye / /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 173 nIta hI teM rAjA rAje nIta hI teM pAtasAhI , nIta hI ko jasa navakhaMDa mAMhi gAIye / choTeni ko bar3e kara bar3e mahAbar3e kara , tAteM sabahI kauM rAjanIti hI sunAIye / / kavi dvArA varNita yaha nAti unake vyaktigata anubhava para AdhArita hai| isakA eka udAharaNa aura dekhie jisameM kucha bAtoM ke utkarSa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai sUma kI udAratAI dAtA kI apanatAI , krodha kI tapana tAha kaho ko vakhAni hai / mAMgana kI halukAI guna kI subhagatAI , ghor3A kI tutAI tAhi kaise ura Ani hai / / mIta mile kI silAI aru mAna kI raSAI , aura bola kI miThAI devIdAsa suSadAni hai / kuca kI kaThoratAI adhara kI madhurAI , kavitA kI tarasAI jAni hai su jAni hai / / aura dekhie kyA karanA cAhiye aura kyA na karanA cAhiye' (a)-prAraMbhata jAya bahu lokanu sauM vairu hoya , dUsareM karata jAhi dharma Thahare nhiiN| karata karata jAhi upaja kalesa bahu , phalu aso lAge jAsauM peTa hU bhare nhiiN| ati SoTo kAma jaisau kula meM kiyo na hoya , ati hI durata ke tu pUrau Upara nhiiN| devIdAsa jAmeM lAbha Saraca barAbari hai , buddhimAna hai' ke asau kAraju karai nahIM / / (prA)-jAsoM ati prIti saba jagata meM vidita hoya , jAsoM puni varu hoya dasai dAma diijiye| devIdAsa kahai jo jihAja ko baniju kareM, dhUratu kahAvai tAkI bAta nahIM kIjiye / / jina kahUM pahale kadApi corI karI hoya , kula sIla rahita vicAra kara liijiye| suSa cAhe Apako to saba ko sadA ko sISa , itane manuSyana sauM saMgati na kiijiye| 'saMpadA' kI sArthakatA Ujare mahala nAMhi pAlikI bahala nAMhi . cahala pahala nAMhi homa kI dhvani sii|

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174 zradhyAya 5 -- nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI mati gajarAja nAMhi mAMgane kI lAja nAMhi, kavi ko samAja nAMhi dIsaM aravana sI // deha nahi SAha nAMhi jorata praghAya nAMhi, devIdAsa kahai vaha vasu hai vamanasI / ghane dukha jorI ghane duSani soM rASatu hai, yaha jo paM saMpadA to vaha joka banasI // isa pustaka kA nAma 'rAjanIti' avazya hai kintu vAstava meM isa pustaka kI sAmagrI janasAdhAraNa ke liye nIti kA sundara upadeza hai / kavi ke anubhava para AdhArita yaha sAmagrI bahuta hI mUlyavAna hai / kAvya aura varNya viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha eka uttama pustaka hai / isameM rAjA prajA, dhanI-nirdhana sabhI ke kAma kI bAteM sugama rIti haiM / duHkha isa bAta kA hai ki matsya pradeza meM likhI itanI anubhavapUrNa pustaka kA bhI pracAra nahIM ho pAyA, jaise giradhara kavirAya yA ghAgha kA / yaha pustaka aneka prakAra kI sAmagrI se susajjita hai aura isameM pratyeka vyakti ke liye kucha na kucha upayogo bAta mila sakatI hai / hitopadeza ke kaI anuvAda prApta hue / yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki hitopadeza nIti zAstra kA eka atyanta utkRSTa grantha hai / matsya meM isa pustaka kA anuvAda karane vAloM meM deviyA khavAsa aura rAmakavi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| yadyapi nIti kI dRSTi se yaha pustaka jagat-prasiddha hai kintu matsya pradeza ke sAhityakAroM isake anuvAda kiye haiM ataH isa prasaMga ko anuvAda ke aMtargata lenA adhika yuktisaMgata hogA / nIti saMbaMdhI eka granya grantha 'vinayavilAsa' hai jo mahArAja vinayasiMha ke rAjakavi harinAtha kA likhA huA hai / pustaka kA samaya, nAma, kavinAma, grAzrayadAtA ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 5 7 | (1875) pauSa zukla dasaini samujhAyau // sAdara kavi harinAtha banAyau / vinasiMha ko sujasa suhAyau // parama kRpA kara yaha phuramAI / " kahiye rAjanIti suSadAI / " 1 'pharamAiye' ke liye zrAja taka 'phuramAo' kA prayoga hotA hai| savAsI, Der3hasau varSa bItane para bhI yaha prayoga abhI taka usI prakAra hai / 'pharamAiye' se to Azro, jAno, khAo, gA, Adi ke sAdRzya para 'pharamAno' bana gayA parantu 'phuramAno' meM 'pha' ukArAnta kaise ho gayA / kyA 'sunAo' zrAdi se prabhAvita hokara ?

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 175 isa grantha kA prayojana isa prakAra likhA gayA hai kInau binavilAsa meM saMpati suSamA dhAma / rAjanIti yA graMtha ko pUSana bhUSana nAma / yaha pustaka usa rAjanIti se saMbaMdhita hai jisa rAjanIti kI vyavasthA zrI rAmacandra tathA vaziSTha ke bIca huI thI aura jo rAmarAja kI sundara bhUmikA prastuta karatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAjAoM tathA unake Azrita kaviyoM kA dhyAna rAjya kI sundara vyavasthA kI ora bhI rahatA thA rAma-vaziSTha prabodha meM varanI mati anumAra / aura isI prakAra pustaka ke aMta meM bhI 'iti zrI mahArAva rAjA bahAdura vinesiMha balavaMta viracitAyAM kavi harinAtha kRte zrI rAmacandra vasiSTha saMvAde vina vilAse rAja zrI duSana bhUSana bananaM saMpUrNa / saMvata 1875 mAgha zuklA 10 guruvAra / ' spaSTa hai ki yaha pustaka maulika nahIM hai kintu isa upayogI prasaMga ko bhASA meM prastuta kiye jAne kA saMpUrNa zreya kavi ko hI hai / nIti-saMbaMdhI bahata sI bAteM aklanAmoM meM bhI milanI haiN| unakA pradhAna uddezya bahuta sI jAnane yogya bAtoM kA eka sthAna para saMgraha karanA pratIta hotA hai| hama yahAM kevala do akalanAmoM kI carcA kara rahe haiM 1- alavara ke saMgrahAlaya meM prApta 'akalanAmA' eka 'bAdazAhI kissA' samajhiye jaisA grantha ke prAraMbha meM likhA huA hai 'zrI gaNezAya namaH / atha akalanAmA pAtasAhI SissA liSyate / bAta' isa pustaka meM patra saMkhyA 51 hai kintu prati apUrNa hai| bahuta kucha dekhabhAla karane para bhI racayitA kA nAma nahIM jAnA jA sakA, kintu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki yaha pustaka alavara meM hI likhI gaI, jaisA ki isakI bhASA se spaSTa vidita ho rahA hai / isa meM akala kI bAteM, kahAnI aura bIrabala kI kahAniyoM ke rUpa meM 'bAta' zIrSaka se likhI gaI haiM / bAta - pAtasAha tahamura sAha samarakaMda kI phataha krii| tahAM yeka lugAI aMdhI kaida meM aaii| jadI pAtasAha meM kahI tero nAMva kyA hai ? taba lugAI ne kahI, merA nAMva daulata hai| taba pAtasAha ne kahI, kyA daulata aMdhI hotI hai ? taba lugAI nai kahI, aMdhI thI jaba laMgar3e ke ghara paaii| aura SisA-pAtasAha akabara bIrabala su kahI

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176 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI 'SisAM', 'SIsA', 'kIsA' tInoM rUpa milate haiM / aneka sthAnoM se upayukta kisse ikaTThe kie gae haiM jinameM aneka bIrabala se saMbaMdhita haiN| akabara, jahAMgIra, nUrajahAM, zAhajahAM Adi ke bhI kisse haiN| isa pustaka meM 'rAmakisana aura usakI lugAI' kA kissA kAphI vistAra se diyA gayA hai| isako 'akalanAmA' isI dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki isameM aisI kathAe~ haiM jinase hama duniyA kI bahuta sI bAteM jAna kara zikSA grahaNa kara sakate haiN| dUsarI pustaka hai 'akklnaamaa'| isake lekhaka (lipikAra) mahArAja balavaMtasiMhajI ke prasiddha lipikAra jIvArAma haiN| pustaka kI samApti saMvat 1896 meM huii|' isa pustaka ke do bhAga haiM- (1) vArtA prasaMga (2) sAmAnya jJAna prasaMga / vArtA prasaMga meM 163 vArtAe~ haiM aura lagabhaga 66 patroM meM likhI gaI haiN| isake uparAnta nimna prakaraNa lie gae haiM(1) sUbA pramAna-baMgAla, AsAma, bihAra, ilAhAbAda, avadha, AgarA, mAlavA, SAnadesa, bairATu, gujarAta, ajamera, dillI, lAhaura / (2) manoratha kI siddhi- (i) udyoga (i) bhavatavyatA (3) phira 'sabda samudAya' haiM- (i) do do ke- nirapekSa, vicAra-do kAma rAjAoM ke ; rAjya ke mUla do-nIti, saurya / (ii) tIna tIna ke- rAjya ke sahAyaka-saMgha, subhaTa, dakSa adhikArI; unattara hote dukha--motA, pitA, guru pustaka ke aMta meM isa prakAra likhA hai ___ "iti zrI akkalanAmA saMpUrNa zubha / " dohA- dasaratha suta raghuvaMsa mani, vyaMkaTesa tihi nAma / zrI vRjendra balavaMta ke, karau sadA mana kAma // zrI jI sadA sahAi saMvata 1866 / likhitaM cauve jiivaaraam| leSaka sarakAra ko bAsI tAla phare ko| lipi subhasthAna bharathapura madhya kile meM zrI zrI rAdhAkRSNAbhyAM namaH / / 1

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena ( 4 ) vastroM ke bheda | (5) AbhUSaNoM ke bheda / (6) solaha zrRMgAra | (7) kucha rahasya prabhAta hI uThanA, iSTadeva kA sumarana, dehaciMtA miTAunA. dAMtani karanI Adi / 177 (iii) cAra ke jor3e : Adara ke pAtra vidvAn, hAkima, vRddha, tapasvI / cAra prakAra ke manuSya - virakta, cora, saMtuSTa, mUrSa / ( 8 ) rAjana kUM vicAra karane yoga-- jamA, jamI, jAlima, jihAna, jimmIdAra, jamIyata, jamAna / ( 8 ) navarasa | (10) chaMdoM ke lakSaNa | (11) mAsoM ke nAma / (12) rAga-rAgano / isa prakAra isa pustaka meM aisI bahuta sI sAmagrI ekatrita kara dI gaI hai jisakA jAnanA sabake liye upayogI ho sakatA hai kintu usa sAmagrI meM bhI bahuta se vRttAnta sunI-sunAI bAtoM para haiM / 'baMgAla ke varNana' kA kucha avataraNa yahAM diyA jA rahA hai mulaka kAmaru yAhI sUbA meM hai| tahAM rUpa aru maMtra vidyA bahuta hai / koI rUpa prAdamI barAbara hoya / so phala sundara detA hai / vAMsa [ ke] ghara haiM / aura Ama kI beli hotI hai / 'saba eka jAti hai| hiMdU musalamAna bahani kU parane haiN| eka mAtA se nAtA hai / ...marada lugAI syAha raMga hote haiM / lugAI kaiI bharatAra ra aura gaMgA jamunA sarasvatI tInyoM hI samudra meM jAi milatI haiN| marada lugAI naMge bahuta rahate haiM / luMgI pahanate haiM / ketI strI rUSa ke pAta paharatI haimRgarAja janAvara syAha raMga hai / lAla Apa kA hai / gajagaja kI para hai / saba jAnavara kI bAnI boleM / isa graMtha meM khar3I bolI ke bhI aneka prayoga Aye haiM, vizeSa rUpa se kriyAoM ke / isa vRttAnta meM kahI gaI bAtoM kI satyatA para hara koI sahaja hI apanA mata de sakatA hai / 1 vIra-kAvya matsya prAnta rAjAoM dvArA kiye gaye yuddha, AkramaNa tathA anya sAhasika kAryoM ke aneka vivaraNa mile jinameM se kucha utkRSTa pustakeM tathA kavitta-saMgraha

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178 nimnalikhita haiM (1) pratApa rAzo [ so]- jAcIka jIvaNakRta / (2) sujAna caritra - sUdana kRta / ( 3 ) ( 4 ) vijaya saMgrAma - ghusAla kRta / (5) phuTakara kavitta - somanAtha, parasiddha, jasarAma Adi dvArA / adhyAya 5 nIti, yuddha, itihAsa saMbaMdhI yamana vidhvaMsa prakAsa - datta kRta / (1) pratApa rAzI [so) prApta prati alavara nareza vinaya siMhajI ke zAsana kAla meM lipibaddha karAI gaI thii| isameM unake pUrvaja tathA pralavara rAjya ke saMsthApaka pratApasiMhajI ke sAhasika kAryoM aura yuddhoM kA sundara evaM prAmANika vana hai / isa pustaka kI patra saMkhyA 44 | | hai aura isameM 8 prabhAva haiM / prathama prabhAva - vaMza varNana 2 3 4 - grAmera pahuMcanA mAvar3Ajudha varNana - yuddha varNana - najabhakhAM kA varNana 5 6 7, 8, yaha pustaka pauSa kRSNA 6 saM0 1904 meM lipibaddha huI / pustaka ke anta meM likhA hai ' iti pratApa rAso jAcoka jIvaNa kRta namo prabhAva pUrNam moti phula vadI 6 saMmat 1904 / ' isa pustaka ke anta meM 'baSataima' ( bakhtAvarasiMhajI ) ke rAjatilaka kA varNana hai / bakhtAvarasiMhajI kA zAsana-kAla saMvat 1847 se 1871 vi0 hai / pustaka nirmANa kA samaya isa prakAra hai hRyata / aThAra saMtIsa sASa saMvat so poSa mAsa badi tIja bAra bisapata guru kahiyata // pratilipi saMvat 1904 meM kI gaI thI / pustaka kI samApti 'rAjatilaka baSatesa' ke sAtha hotI hai-- vaSatesa rAvarAjA naresa / tapa bar3o rAja rAjaMta desa || nara rU pATapati kula nidhAna / kiravAMna dAna chatrI pravAraNa || isameM bakhtAvarasiMhajI ke rAjya kA varNana vartamAnakAla meM kiyA gayA hai - senA kA varNana - yuddha varNana /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena ataeva isameM saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki isakI samApti inhIM ke samaya meM huii| kavi kA nAma, chaMda-racanA Adi ke saMbaMdha meM nimna kathana dekhane yogya hai caupaI chaMda dohA chapai kavi jAcika jIvana nAma hai| jugama joya varanana karU jo kUramakula ThAma hai || rAjA ke vaMza kA varNana karate samaya kavi ne unakA saMbaMdha rAma' se sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / rAma dvArA kiye gaye azvamedha yajJa kA varNana isa prakAra diyA hagrA hai - sunata rAma riSa ke vacana, sAvakaraNa sajakIna / gayo bAja banavAsa meM, te lava kara gaha kIna / aura vaMza kI yaha paramparA muhabbatasiMhajI ke putra taka calAI gaI hai dhaja baMdhI bhrama dhAriye, jorAvara jaga jApa / upaje mobatasiMha suta, tapa pUraNa paratApa // prathama prabhAva meM rAjavaMza kA varNana karane ke uparAnta kavi ne pratApasiMhajI kA 'thAnA'* chor3anA batAyA hai taja thAna cale tatakAla hI / isake pazcAt pratApasiMhajI bharatapura ke mahArAja kI rAjadhAnI meM pahuMce mukAma do majha kIna | braja nikaTa DerA dIna / ghara Sabara pahauMcI jaay| ko bhUpa utare Aya / / ye DIga' pahuMce jahAM rAjA sUrajamala nivAsa karate the| pratApa ke sAtha inake maMtrI chAjUrAMma' the| * alavara rAjya kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / rAjA ke putra na hone para isI ThikAne se uttarAdhikArI lie jAte rahe haiM / vartamAna mahArAja bhI yahIM ke haiN| 1 DIga kA varNana karate hue kavi ne likhA hai tahAM indrapura so ThAMva / tananagara dIgha sunAma / / 2 chAjUrAma khaNDelavAla vaizya the| inakA janma haldiyA parivAra meM huA thaa| haldiyAvaMza kA alavara tathA jayapUra donoM rAjyoM meM bar3A mAna-sammAna thaa| kisI samaya jayapura rAjya ke maMtrI aura senApati jaise mahattvapUrNa padoM para haldiyA hI the| chAjUrAma haldiyA itihAsaprasiddha vyakti haiM aura sarakAra Adi itihAsakAroM ne bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| banArasa nivAsI zrI dAmodaradAsa khaMDelavAla ne 'khaMDelavAla jAni kA itihAsa' (aprakAzita) likhate samaya chAjUrAma haldiyA ke vyaktitva kA prAmANika citraNa kiyA hai / prastuta prabandha ke lekhaka ne bhI isa viSaya se saMbandhita sAmagrI khaMDelavAla jAgati' ke 'jAti kA itihAsa' nAmaka vizeSAMka meM prakAzita karAI thii| 'haldiyA vaMza' ke pramukha vyaktiyoM para hAtharasa se prakAzita 'khaMDelavAla hitaiSI' meM eka lekhamAlA prakAzita haI thI-lekhaka kA nAma hai zrI narasiMhadAsa haldiyA, jinakA kahanA hai ki unake pAsa prakAzita sabhI bAtoM ke pramANa upalabdha haiN|

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180 adhyAya 5-nIti, yuddha, itihAsa saMbaMdhI maMtrI chAjUrAma so, bUjhata bole vaina / suni avAja vRjarAja hI prAye pAtila laina / rAjA ne pratApasiMhajI ko siropAva diyA aura nagara su DaharA' nAma ThAma kahiyata ati bhAriya / mahala bAga bAjAra tAla tara sugar3ha suDhAriya / / pratApasiMhajI kucha dinoM taka bharatapura ke rAjA ke yahAM rahe, aMta meM javAharasiMhajI se anabana ho jAne ke kAraNa ye bharatapura chor3a kara Amera cale gaye / vahAM jayapura-nareza ke sAtha mAvar3e ke yuddha meM pratApasiMhajI ne apane AzrayadAtA javAharasiMhajI kA sAmanA kiyaa| isa yuddha meM javAharasiMhajI kI hAra huI / kavi ke zabdoM meM yuddha kA varNana dekhiye ura ura soM nara soMha uchAru / nara nara nema liyo Saga bAru // mara mara mAci rahI dala doya / sara sara sela par3e jhar3a hoya / / kara kara kAyara roma sukaMpa / Sara Sara ma ra laI sira caMpi // chara chara hoya chaDAla sapAra / jara jara joya bahe ssgdhaari|| raNa raNa rucira hoi raNa jaMga / tara tara toMga bahaMta abhaMga / / isI prakAra ghara ghara, phara phara, thaka thaka, para para Adi kI Avatti ke sAtha yuddha kA varNana hai / eka aura varNana thake sUra sohI bharai choru chohaM / parai ruDa muMDa garakaisa lohaM / / vahai tega vAna kamAne varaMchI / vahai gola golA lage tova achI / / phUTa kaTai sIsa hoya TUka TUkaM / gire lotha lothaM pare Seta kUkaM / DIga para najaphakhAM dvArA kI gaI car3hAI kA varNana 'najaba' nAma se kiyA hai| mahArAva pratApasiMha ke yuddha, sAhasika kArya, aAkramaNa Adi kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / sUdana ke sujAna caritra ke sadRza hI isa pustaka kA bhI aitihAsika mahattva hai| isameM dI gaI bAtoM kI puSTi alavara tathA bharatapura ke itihAsa bhI karate haiM / 'sujAna caritra' tathA 'pratApa rAso' ke varNanoM ko milAne se usa samaya kA eka prAmANika tathA aitihAsika citra upalabdha ho sakatA hai / ' yaha DeharA alavara ke DaharA se alaga hai / bharatapura kA DeharA DIga ke pAsa hai aura ala vara kA DaharA alavara se pAMca mIla dUra / alavara vAle DaharA meM hI zrI svAmI caraNadAsajI kA janma huA thA aura vahA~ aba taka bhAdoM zuklA tIja ko caraNadAsajI kA janmotsava manAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ ke vartamAna mahanta kA nAma pUrNadAsajI hai / bharatapura kA DeharA sAmarika mahattva lie hue thA / aAja taka kahAvata mazahUra hai-'Dahare kI ddaain'| 2 'tega' kA rAjasthAnI prayoga /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 181 sUdana kA 'sujAna caritra' to prasiddhi pA sakA, kintu 'pratAparAso' kA nAma alavara meM bhI nahIM sunA jAtA / maiMne jaba isa vIra-kAvya kA varNana alavara ke vidvAnoM tathA ThikAnedAroM se kiyA to unheM bar3A Azcarya sA lagA ki isa prakAra kA koI yuddha-kAvya bhI kabhI likhA gayA thaa| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki sUdana kI kavitA ke sAmane jAcIka jIvana kI kavitA halkI par3atI hai, kintu eka prAmANika vIra-kAvya kA isa taraha nitAnta lupta ho jAnA niHsaMdeha kheda kI bAta hai| isa pustaka meM varNita DIga ke vRtAnta se bharatapura rAjya ke itihAsa para bhI bahuta prakAza par3atA hai kyoMki kavi ne DIga kI aneka bAtoM kA varNana bahuta vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai / najaphakhAM ke liye likhA hai dillI dala prAmairi dala, aru dikhaNI dala sNg| le caDhiya bala najanva nara, gaja vAji sucaMga // eka prabhAva meM pratApasiMhajI dvArA alavara grahaNa karane kA vRtAnta diyA gayA hai| likhA hai Sata vaMcata calie kaTaka, liye vAdi kyau rAja / utare jA alavara kile, mila maMtrI baMdhu samAja / / isa pustaka meM pratApasiMhajI ke jIvana kA pUrA vivaraNa milatA hai, yahAM taka ki nAyaka kA svargArohaNa bhI dikhAyA gayA hai rAvarAja yo vacana kaha, dharyo carana nija dhyAna / pahara prAta vaikuTha ghara, pAtila kiyoM payAMna / / isake uparAnta bakhtAvarasiMhajI kA rAjatilaka huaaa| yahAM taka kI kathA isa grantha meM dI gaI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita bAteM ullekhanIya haiM 1. isa pustaka meM sUdana kI zailI kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI sujAna caritra, pratApa rAso se pahale likhI gaI pustaka hai, aura bahuta kucha saMbhava hai ki pratAparAsokAra ko sujAna caritra se kucha preraNA milI ho / ho sakatA hai usa samaya vIra-kAvyoM ko likhane kI yahI praNAlI ho / usa ghora zRMgArI yuga meM aise kAvyoM dvArA hI vIra-kAvya kA vAMchanIya srota pravAhita hotA rhaa| 2. pratApa rAso meM pratApasiMha ke lagabhaga sabhI sAhasika kAryoM kA varNana hai jinake AdhAra para unakI eka prAmANika jIvanI taiyAra ho sakatI hai|

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1-2 ___ adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa saMbaMdhI 3. isa pustaka se usa samaya kI aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI puSTi hotI hai| 4. bhASA aura chaMda kI aneka truTiyAM haiN| isakA eka kAraNa lipikAra kI ajJatA kahI jA sakatI hai / 5. pustaka meM pratApasiMha jI ke jIvana se maraNa taka kA pUrA vivaraNa hone ke kAraNa ise vIra-kAvya ke atirikta eka prabaMdha-kAvya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isameM pratApasiMhajI ke saMgharSamaya jIvana kA AdyopAnta varNana hai| 6. isa grantha meM kevala 44 / / patra haiM aura kAvya-guNa sthAna-sthAna para dikhAI dete haiN| 7. pustaka kA nAma bahuta upayukta hai| yaha usa samaya kI yAda dilAtA hai jaba hindI kA vIragAthAkAla thA aura jaba hindI meM aneka 'rAsau' likhe gae the| 8. hiMdI meM 'vIra gAthA' kahe jAne vAle kAla kI lagabhaga saMpUrNa pustakeM saMdigdha haiM, unakI racanA kaba huI, kina kaviyoM ne kI, kitanI sAmagrI aitihAsika hai, kaunase aMza prakSipta haiM ina bAtoM kA bhI koI ThIka patA nahIM cltaa| kucha loga to ina pustakoM meM se aneka ko do-tIna sau varSa pahale kI hI kRtiyA~ batAte haiN| 'pRthvIrAja rAso' nAmaka vIrakAvya ko prAja taka bhI kucha nirNaya nahIM ho sakA hai- na koI prAmANika prati hai, na kavi kA nirNaya aura na usameM variNata ghaTanAoM kI aitihaasiktaa| isa dRSTi se matsya kA vIra-kAvya bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai (i) unake racayitA kA patA hai / (ii) sAmagrI itihAsa se pramANita hotI hai / (iii) eka hI kavi ko likhI pUrI pustaka hai| (iv) prakSipta aMza nahIM haiN| (v) bhASA se bhI racanAkAla kI puSTi hotI hai| (vi) nAma, tithiyA~, senA kI saMkhyA aura yuddhoM ke varNana sabhI itihAsa-saMmata hai| 6. kavi ke jIvana se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlo sAmagrI bahuta kama milatI hai / apanI 'ajJatA' kA varNana kavi ne avazya kiyA hai jo kavi ke prArjava

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. matsya- pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena tathA zola kA paricAyaka hai maiM siSa hoM tuma carana kIM, AThauM jAma adhIna / parU pAya paranAma kari, kavi paMDita paravIna || varana-hIna kula-hIna jAti AdhIna lIna prati / ura vicAra yoM dhAri aMka ye kie jora vita || 10. pustaka kA vibhAjana 'prabhAva' nAma se kiyA hai / (2) sujAna caritra sUdana kRta / sUdana bharatapura ke eka utkRSTa kavi haiM / inakA likhA yaha graMtha hindI sAhitya meM kAphI prasiddha hai / 'sujAna caritra' eka prabaMdha kAvya ke rUpa meM hai aura isameM saMvat 1802 se 1810 taka kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana | yaha graMtha aitihAsika mahattva rakhatA hai / isameM die gae saMvat aura ghaTanAoM kA anumodana itihAsa dvArA hotA hai| isa grantha ke saMbaMdha meM zuklajI ne kucha AkSepa kiye haiM 183 1. vastunoM kI ginatI ginAne kI pravRtti bahuta hai / 2. bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM aura boliyoM ke sAtha khilavAr3a kiyA haibhASA ke sAtha manamAnI kI hai / 3. caritra-citraNa meM gAMbhIrya nahIM hai / usa samaya kA dhyAna rakhate hue inameM se eka bhI prAkSepa gaMbhIra nahIM hai / vastuoM kI ginatI ginAnA usa samaya kI eka prathA thI jisakA tAtparya kevala vividhatA se thA / yadi ghor3oM kI ginatI ginAI hai to usakA yahI abhiprAya hai ki yuddha meM vividha prakAra ke ghor3e the| isI prakAra zastroM tathA sainikoM ke bAre meM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / sAtha hI paMDita pravRtti to calatI hI thI bhASA ko acchI taraha dekhane para patA lagatA hai ki bhASA ke sAtha itanA khilavAr3a nahIM hai jitanA prAcArya zukla samajhate haiM / musalamAnoM se khar3I bolI kA prayoga nA koI burI bAta nahIM hai, aura granthoM meM bhI yaha bAta milatI hai aura unakI bolI hinduoM se barAbara bhinna rahI hai - Aja bhI hai / varNana ko vAstavikatA pradAna karane hetu, vizeSataH yuddha-varNanoM ko, zabda kI tor3a / mathurA nivAsI caube / ye bhI mahArAja sUrajamalajI ke prAzrita the / kucha loga somanAtha aura sUdana ke mAthura caube tathA sUrajamala ke Azrita hone se isa bAta kI kalpanA karate haiM ki donoM vyakti eka the /

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184 adhyAya 5--- nIti, yuddha, itihAsa saMbaMdhI maror3a milatI hai jo anukaraNa vRtti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kSamya hai| caritra-citraNa ke gAMbhIrya kA prazna to AtA hI nhiiN| ye to lar3AI aura muThabher3a kI bAteM haiM jinameM vijaya hI ekamAtra lakSya rahatA thaa| phira bhI pustaka ke nAyaka sUrajamala ke caritra kI utkRSTatA sthAna-sthAna para lakSita hotI hai / eka prakAra se to pustaka kA dhyeya caritra-citraNa na hokara yuddhavarNana hai| isameM vibhAgoM kA vargIkaraNa "jaMga" nAma se huA hai| pustaka kI kaI hastalikhita pratiyAM milatI haiN| 1. miraz2A saphadaraalI ke saphadarI chApAkhAnA bharatapura meM chapI huI prti| 2. rAdhAkRSNadAsajI ke sampAdakatva meM 'iMDiyana presa' dvArA mudrita / pahalI pustaka kAphI prAmANika hai jaisA ki prakAzaka kI TippaNI se jJAta hotA hai - 'jAno cAhie ki catara sujAna paratApavAna atasubhaTa bar3e dhIra raMDa jIta mahAvIra maheMdra baladeva nala brajarAjJa zrI mahArAja prAdhrAja vrajeMdra savAI balavaMtasiMha bahAdura bahAdurajaMga baikuMTha vAsI ne baDI cAhanA aura bahuta avalASa se yaha pothI pavatra sujAMna caritra chapAnI karI thI aura vizeSa karake isake chapAne meM yaha avalASA thI ki hamAre bApa dAdA aura puraSAnoM kI bahAdarI aura sAkhe mulkagIrA kA hAla saba choToM aura bar3oM para jaza prakAzata hoi.........|' isa pustaka para rAjya ke pramukha vyaktiyoM ke hastAkSara bhI haiM jisase isakI prAmANikatA ghoSita hotI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'sujAnacaritra' ke aneka pATha milate hoMge, athavA varNanoM meM kahIM bhrAmaka bAteM rahI hoNgii| una saba kI chAna-bIna kI gaI aura sapharadajaMga chApekhAne se jo mudrita prati milI use prAmANika mAnanA caahie| kintu prastAvanA kI bhASA par3hane se vidita ho gayA hogA ki pracalita pustaka meM lipi sambandhI aneka azuddhiyAM thIM, sAtha hI yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki isameM pustaka kA mUla rUpa saMbhavataH sapharadajaMga vAlI prati se hI taiyAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki donoM pratiyoM meM pATha bheda bahuta kama haiN| isa pustaka meM 8 jaMga (vibhAga) haiN|' pratyeka jaMga ke aMtargata kucha aMka bhI 1 paMDita zukla ne 7 jaMga likhe haiN| pustaka meM prAThavAM jaMga bhI hai jo prArambha to ho jAtA hai samApta nahIM hotaa|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 185 haiN| pratyeka aMka ke aMta meM eka chaMda hai, jisakI tIna paMktiyAM to saba meM eka sI haiM jo nIce dI jA rahI haiM, cauthI paMkti aMka vizeSa ke viSaya se sambandha rakhatI hai bhUpAla pAlaka bhUmipati vadanesa naMda sujAna hai| jAne dilI dala dariSanI kone mahA kalakAna hai| tAko caritra karUna sudana kahyo chaMda banAi ke / ' kavi kI isa racanA se usake bRhad jJAna kA patA lagatA hai| kavivara sUdana kAvya evaM sAMsArika jJAna donoM meM hI pratibhAzIla the| inakA zabdakoSa grAzcaryajanaka hai| jaba ve zastra, anAja, masAle, per3a, phala, miThAI, bartana, zAbhUSaNa Adi ginAne lagate haiM to vastuoM kI pUrI sUcI samApta kara dete haiM, aura vaha bhI bar3e kAvyamaya DhaMga meM / yaha ThIka hai ki isa prakAra kI vastuoM ko ginAne kI praNAlI ucca kAvyatva se nIce kI cIja hai kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya vastuoM ko ginAne kI praNAlI paddhati vizeSa bana gaI thii| aura kavi samudAya bhI apanI bahujJatA kA pradarzana kAvya-kalA ke aMtargata hI samajhatA thaa| yuddha kA varNana bahuta hI uttama rIti se kiyA gayA hai| dhvanyAtmaka zabdoM kI zrAvRtti punaH punaH huI hai / eka avataraNa dekheM--- dhar3adhaddharaM ghaDadhaddharaM bhar3abhanbharaM bhar3abhanbharaM / tar3atataraM tar3atattaraM kar3akakkaraM kar3akakara / / ghar3aghaggharaM ghar3aghaggharaM jhar3ajhajjharaM jhar3ajhajjharaM / arararraraM ararararaM sararararaM sarararraraM / / ghanananananana, sanananananana Adi zabdoM kI zrAvRttiyAM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| astrazastroM, golA-baMdakoM ke zabda ko zabdoM kI dhvani dvArA pradarzita karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| kavi ne yuddha meM bhAga lene vAle donoM daloM ke sAtha nyAya kiyA hai| atizayokti dvArA varNanoM ko kAlpanika banAne kI ceSTA nahIM kI hai| senA Adi kI saMkhyA batAte samaya bAstavikatA kI ora dhyAna diyA gayA hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kavi ko senA saMbaMdhI vAstavika saMkhyAoM kA pUrA patA rahatA thaa| usane nizcaya ke sAtha batAyA hai ki kisI yuddha vizeSa meM kitane ghur3asavAra the, kitane paidala, kitanA topakhAnA Adi the| sAtha hI isa pustaka meM jitane bhI nAma Aye haiM ve saba sacce haiM, nizcaya rUpa se ina logoM ne rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM bhAga liyA thA / sUdana ke varNana meM aitihAsika mahattva kA gaurava hai 1. yuddhoM kI jo tithiyAM dI gaI haiM unheM itihAsa meM dI gaI tithiyoM 1 isake pazcAt cauthI paMkti meM variNata viSaya kA ullekha hotA hai|

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adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI se milAna karane para ThIka pAyA gayA hai jaise aThAraha sau cAra (1804) meM marahaThoM ko haTAnA, 1805 meM salAvata khAM ko parAsta karanA, 1806 meM paThAnoM para car3hAI karanA, dillI lUTanA prAdi / 2. yuddha meM bhAga lene vAlI hara prakAra ko senAmoM ko saMkhyA Thoka do gaI hai| 3. pustaka meM die gae nAma saba aitihAsika haiN| jina musalamAna marahaThA, jATa Adi ne yuddhoM meM bhAga liyA unake nAma itihAsa dvArA pramANita ho cuke haiN| 4. pustaka meM pAe hue nagaroM ke nAma jaise DIga, kAmA, pathainA, noMha sabhI unhIM sthAnoM para Aja bhI haiM jina sthAnoM kA varNana sujAnacaritra meM milatA hai| unameM batAe gae kile bhI maujUda haiM, yadyapi aAja ve khaNDahara hue jA rahe haiN| 5. aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne yuddhoM ko svayaM dekhA thaa| pustaka meM die gae varNana eka pratyakSadarzI ko kRti jaise vidita hote haiN| kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki yaha pustaka ina yuddhoM ke dasa-bAraha varSa bAda likhI gaI hogI kintu pustaka par3hane para aisA prAbhAsa milatA hai jaise ghaTanAoM ko pratyakSa dekhane ke uparAnta unheM zIghra hI varNita kiyA gayA ho| 6. apanI isa racanA meM sUdana ne kucha kaviyoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai jisakI saMkhyA lagabhaga 175 hai / yadyapi yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki nAmAvalI kAlakramAnusAra hI hai kintu yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI ki isameM unhIM kaviyoM ke nAma hai jo sUdana ke pUrvavartI haiN| inhIM nAmoM meM eka nAma somanAtha bhI AtA hai| yadi yaha somanAtha vahI hai jo sUrajamala ke darabAra meM thA to somanAtha aura sUdana ko eka mAnanA kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai / isake atirikta yaha bhI samajha meM nahIM pAtA ki jaba somanAtha ne apane sabhI granthoM meM apanA nAma somanAtha hI rakhA hai to phira kevala 'sujAnacaritra' meM hI sUdana nAma kyoM grahaNa kara liyaa| ina bAtoM ko dekhate hue ina donoM kaviyoM ko eka mAnanA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| 7. pustaka meM kavi apanA, apane rAjA kA tathA anya vyaktiyoM kA varNana bhI detA hai| 8. isa pustaka meM musalamAnoM kI vArtA khar3I bolI meM likhI gaI

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena hai, vaha bhI bahuta sApha aura calatI huI __'isa vAste tuma se araja bahu bhAMti kIjata hai blii| aba hAtha una para rakkhiye taba lei jaMga phatealI // ' khar3I bolI aura vrajabhASA kA sAtha-sAtha prayoga ho kucha AlocakoM kI bhASA kI gar3abar3o ke rUpa meM akhara sakatA hai / paMDita zukadeva bihArI mizra ne paTanA vizvavidyAlaya meM 'hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa para prabhAva' nAmaka eka bhASaNamAlA dI thI jo pustaka rUpa meM prakAzita hai / isameM sUdanakRta 'sujAnacaritra' dvArA prastuta jo 1802 se 1810 vi0 taka kA vivaraNa hai, usa para vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| apane bhASaNa ke upasaMhAra meM mizrajI kA kahanA hai 'sUdana kA varNana 1745-1753 I0 kA hai aura hai bar3A sajIva / inakA sAhitya burA nahIM hai, parantu grantha kA aitihAsika mUlya bahuta bar3hiyA hai, kyoMki kavi ne usa kAla kA sajIva citra sAmane upasthita kiyA hai| 1736 meM nAdirazAha ne dillI para adhikAra kara ke lUTa evaM katleAma kiyA thaa| bAdazAha dillI kA bala 1717 se hI mRtaprAya thA, aura nAdirazAha ke AkramaNa se aura bhI dhvasta ho gyaa| plAsI kA yUddha 1757 meM havA aura pAnIpata kA tIsarA yuddha 1761 meN| ataeva usa kAla taka aMgrejoM kI zavita nahIM car3hI thI, na mahArASTroM kI ghaTI thii| aise samaya kA sajIva citra upasthita karane se sUdana kavi dhanyavAdArtha haiM / sUdana tathA aise anya kaviyoM ne hindU zUravIroM kA sajIva varNana kara ke usa kAla ke hindU samAja meM sAmarika zakti eMva utsAhavarddhana kiyaa| isa prakAra bhAratIya itihAsa ke eka aMga kA ina logoM ne na kevala citra khIMcA, varan hindU zakti athac utsAhavarddhana dvArA itihAsa para bhI bhArI prabhAva ddaalaa|' yaha pustaka pUrNa nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai sUdana kA zarIra na rahA ho, athavA ve bharatapura ko chor3a kara kahIM anyatra cale gae hoN| pustaka avazya hI adhUrI raha gaI / isa pustaka meM nimnalikhita prakaraNa haiM 1. asadakhAna hatano nAma prathama jaMga / 2. maMgalaDUgarI-yuddha-vijaya nAma dvitIya jaMga / 3. salAvatakhAM samara vijaya / 4. paThAna yuddha ubhaya varNana / 5. anya yuddha / 6. ghAsaharo vijaya / 7. dillo vidhvaMsino nAma / 8. yaha jaMga adhUrI raha gaI hai|

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188 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI ___yadi yaha grantha barAbara calatA to nizcaya rUpa se hameM sUrajamala ke samaya kA pUrA hAla mila jAtA / sUrajamala san 1763 I0, (1820 vi0) taka rhe|' 1. vijaya saMgrAma- SumAla kavi / isa pustaka ko patra saMkhyA 22 hai| pustaka kA praNayana kAla saMvat 1881 haiM saMvata sasi vasu aSTa vidhu purana jaya saMgrAma / mAgha vadI dasamI sutithi sukravAra vizrAma ne prArambha meM gaNeza stuti hai su SusAla hiya nAma (sarasa) pari ati anUpa sonA sahita / vara vinaya siMha kUrama kalasa karauM sadAM supasAra nita / / sarva prathama rAjavaMza kA varNana sUrya, manu, ikSvAku..... se kiyA hai| isI prakAra Age bar3hate bar3hate tinasuta jorAvara bhaye rAjakAja siratAja / muhabatasiMha tinake bhaye karo jagata subha rAja / / pragaTa bhaye paratApa suta phailo jagata pratApa / rAja karo bahu desa lai vIra rUpa dhari aApa / / vaSatAvara tinake bhaye..." vaSatAvara ke suta bhayo vijayasiMha mahArAja / sUravIra rana dhIradhara saba rAjani siratAja / / vinayasiMha kI kIrti kA varNana .. cahacahI caMda aisI caraci cAru cAMdinImI , caMdana sI cavara sI cAru chavi dhArI hai / chIra ke sIla hari chahari gaI chiti chora , chIranidhi chIhara hU kI chaki chavi hArI hai / / 1 isa prakAra kA prayAsa kavi udayarAma dvArA 'sujAna saMvata' nAmaka pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha pustaka 1820 vi0 taka calatI hai| 2 isI prakAra pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai-- ___ 'iti zrI zrI mahArAva rAjA zrI savAI vinayasiMhajI bahAdura vijayasaMgrAma saMpUrNam / zrIrastU / saMvat 1881 mAgha zuklA tithayau 13 bhaumavAsare liSitaM bhagavAna / zrIrastU / zubhaM bhUyAt / 3 'tinake bhaye' kA artha yahI lagAnA cAhiye ki unake pazcAta rAjA hue-cAhe dattaka hoM athavA aurasa putr| wm

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aura bhI--- s pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena vaha vahI bAsa vesa vanaka baranata busAla balIpura hUM dhAI suralokana suhAI grIka rAjA vinasiMha chAI kIrati pustaka racane kA kAraNa kaMpata durjana durata siMha siMhani saMga chuTTiya | vRka barAha vikarAla bAghinI chana tara tuTTiya // mada gayaMda dalamalata sesa sIsana phana phuMkata / kahata busAla dinapAla dharA bhUcara hati huMkata // car3hate turaMga vara pagga kara dhosA hota dhukAra taba / vaSatesa-naMda avataMsa mani sAjata sahaja sikAra taba // canAya banI, hai / bihArI coka cahU~ ! tumhArI hai / / saMgrAma kA hetu isa prakAra diyA hai binasiMha mahArAja ne pragyA karI bulAi / kavi busAla rAso sudhari kariye mana cita lAi || bahuta prapaMca racyo sabani balI prabhu kari heta / mili jayakisana navAba graha TAmI phATana neta // TAmI phATana neta kiyo suSa dorava dharikai rAja vigArana kAja lAja nekI kahi karikai // pauruSa bala bahu kareM Thaura Thaura maMtra rahata / rAtosa duri duri phirata vakta pUchata bahuta // balavaMta siMha' ko dosa nahi, ina sabahuna ko jAnu / buddhi kauna kI thira rahata, saMgati dosa pramAna // isa yuddha meM kucha musalamAnoM ne bhI bhAga liyA thA / isa lar3AI kA varNana 166 ' bakhtAvarasiMhajI ne thAnA ThikAne ke vinaya siMhajI ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunaa| udhara unakI premikA se utpanna balavantasiMha apane ko rAjya kA adhikArI batAtA thA / bahuta jhagar3A huA aura usI kA varNana isa 'vijaya saMgrAma' meM diyA huA hai / isa jhagar3e kA pranta saMvat 1883 meM aMgrejoM dvArA karAyA gayA / jaba rAjya kA uttarI bhAga balavantasiMha ko de diyA gayA to unhoMne tijAre ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / 16 varSa rAjya karane ke uparAnta ve nissantAna devaloka sidhAre aura tijArA kA rAjya phira alavara rAjya meM milA liyA gyaa| kavi ne isa sAre bakher3e meM balavantasiMha ko doSI na mAna kara unake sAthiyoM kA doSa batAyA hai /

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160 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI bahuta baDhAcar3hA kara kiyA gayA hai musallA jure saba hallA dadai aurallA ko bahu gallA bajAikai / yahallA kI dADhI pro challA kara supallA savArai mukallA uThAikai / / vinaisiMha pratApa ke teja hI sau mullA navAba bhaye akulAikai / allA karai bahu bhallA vacata arallA daye saba sallA ghuDAika / / pharaki pharaki giri parata dhaai| kui calata bhAji aru laTapaTAi / / kui calata dhAra sogita anaMta / kui duhami pare bolata navaMta / / golA golI parata haiM, jo varSA ke meha / mAnasa kI kaha bAta hai, paMkSI paMSana deta / / doU pora ani banI phaujana kI jurI jahAM , chuTata arAvina ke golA bhaya bhIta ke / umar3i umar3i Aye ghumar3i cahU te vIra , chatriya sarUpa dhAri jAnata subhIta ke / kahata SusAla kavi vinayasiMha mahArAja , prAge lare subhaTa suhAye nita nIta ke / bar3e bar3e dAr3hIvAre sAmuhe na ThAr3he bhaye , gAr3he lare vIra mana bAr3he jaya jIta ke // inakI kavitA sAmAnya zreNI kI samajhiye / itihAsa se patA lagatA hai ki yaha eka choTA sA mAmalA thA jisameM balavaMtasiMha ne idhara-udhara se sahAyatA prApta kara rAjya pAne ke lie jhagar3A kiyA thaa| thor3I bahuta lar3AI bhI huI aura anta ko aMgrejoM ne bIca-bacAva karA kara rAjya kA baMTavArA karA diyA thaa| kavi isa ghaTanA ko saMdhi huyA kahate haiM aura ise vinayasiMhajI kI vijaya ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM sohata baiTha masaMda para, vinayasiMha mahArAja / jaise surapura loka meM, rAjatu hai surarAja / / isa yuddha meM rAmU SavAsa, ThAkura aSayasiMha, baladeva dIvAna aura kuvaramallajI ne rAjA kA sAtha diyA thaa| yaddha ke samApta hone para rAjA kI ora se inheM siropAva die gae. siropAva bahu deta aAja / yaha vinaya siMha subha rAju sAju / / saba siropAva le ke SavAsa / pahuMci Aya alavara mavAsa / / yadyapi eka choTA sA hI prasaMga thA kintu kavi ne ise bar3hA kara eka bar3A yuddha khar3A kara diyA hai| pariNAma bhI rAjo ke viparIta hI thA kintu kavi ne use eka 'vijaya' mAnA hai| isa pustaka kA aitihAsika mahattva

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 161 kama hI mAnanA cAhie / sujAnasiMha aura pratApasiMha se sambandhita graMtha--'sujAna caritra' aura 'pratAparAso' apekSAkRta kahIM adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM aura matsyapradeza kI aitihAsika kAvya-paramparA ke vAstavika pratIka haiN| isI prakAra eka anya aitihAsika kAvya 'yamana vidhvaMsa prakAza' bhI itanA utkRSTa nahIM ThaharatA / 4. yamana vidhvaMsa prakAsa- isake racayitA haiM umAdata 'datta' / ye mahArAja zivadAnasiMhajI ke samaya meM the| isa pustaka ke par3hane se patA lagatA hai ki eka bAra zivadAnasiMhajI ne yaha vicAra kiyA ki sabhI rAjapUtoM ko unakI jAgoroM se haTA diyA jAya aura unheM rAjya meM milA kara apane kAbU meM kara liyA jaay| maMtriyoM ne aisA na karane kI bAra-bAra prArthanA ko kintu rAjA na maanaa| anta meM sArA mAmalA poliTikala ejeMTa ke pAsa gayA aura keDala' sAhaba ko bhejA gyaa| kavi ne likhA hai jAte chAye turaka tamAma alavara bIca , Thaura Thaura adhika anIti anusarate / chUTa jAte karama dharama nema pAcaraNa , varana viveka kIu dhIraja na dharate / / data kavi kahai prajA poDita vikala hai ke , satti hor3i pAtaka payodhi bIca parate / sAhaba sujAna balI kaiDala ajaMTa vIra , yA vidhi sapUtI majabUtI jo na karate // isake pahale zivadAnasiMhajI ne kahA thA jete gar3ha jaMgI jaMgI gavvara ganIma jete , juddha kari mAro sabai jera kari rAkhau meN| bhUmiyA jite ka chIna lehU saba hI kI bhUmi , chAra kari china meM sujasa abhilAkhoM meM / datta kavi kahai yoM kahata sivadAna bhUpa , saMbhu kI duhAI baina satya kari bhASau maiM / choTe bar3e vIra dhIra sAhasI jAgIradAra , jAti rajapUta naru khaMDa meM na rAkhau maiM // 3 1 keDala sAhaba ke nAma para sthApita alavara kA keDalagaMja vikhyAta hai| 2 keDala sAhaba saMvat 1627 meM alavara aAe / 3 kahA jAtA hai yaha sArA jhagar3A muMzI ammujAna ke kAraNa huyA / inake bahakAne para hI rAjA ne aisI nIti kI ghoSaNA kii| rAjA ke bhAI, beTe, jAgIradAra prAdi sabhI ne unakA virodha kiyA aura rAmadala' nAma se apanA saMgaThana kiyaa| vizeSa varNana anyatra dekheN|

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162 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI keDala sAhaba ne acchI nIti se kAma kiyA aura rAjA ko tathA rAmadala ke logoM ko kAphI samajhAyA / anta meM rAjya kA sArA kArya apane jimme le liyaa| kavi ne sAla ke zabdoM kA khar3I bolI meM likhA hai sAhaba kA vacana kauna vigAra mahIpa kIyo kehi kArana phauja ghanI bharate ho| dUda macyo saba desa vidhesaba sesa kalesana kyoM karate ho| prApa kahau so karai hama nyAba, nisaMka sudhIrana ko dharate ho| baMdhu vinaya bar3hAya vA aba juddha kahI tuma kyoM karate ho|| vAstava meM zivadAnasiMha bahuta jiddI thA aura isI kAraNa usake bhAI-beTe saba usake khilApha ho gae the| usakI 'haTha' ke bAre meM kavi ne likhA hai mAMsa adhika adhyAra candramA cAra prakAze / ulaTi gaMga bara bahai kAmaritu prIti binaashe|| tajai gari ardhaga acala dhruva prApana calle ! zaMkara phana phaMkareM kAla hUMkarai utallai / / marjAda choDa rAtoM rUmadadaure dasa disAna ko| chUTe na tadapi kavitA vAhihAhIpazinadAna ko 1 datta ke kucha anya kavitta dekhie jino unakI ugratA dikhAI detI hai-- 1. khATa khaTUla bhaI maha~gI ati phAla kudAla tamAma jhddNgo| mekha vidUka siMdUka kiMvADa go dAMtarI bAMkarI dAma haDaMgo / " he karuNAnidhi kInohA yahi soce vinA nahiM pUrI par3ego ! khAtI luhAra bhaye gunazI aba mAMdarI phAMdarI kauna par3egA / / 2. gujaramala svAmI bhaye. bhaginosindAra / kareM saphAI zahara kI, bhaSTA khAya apAra / / bhiTA khAya apAra mUMta mArina ko pAvai / bhaye jAta te bhraSTa vitra tinako nahiM dIvai / / kahai datta kavirAya bhaye bhUtana teM Ujara / kupar3ha kalaMkI kUra kuTila ye svAmI gUjara / / 3 jATa julAhe jure darajI marajI maiMcaka aura cmaarau| dInana kI sudhi dInI bisAra so ye kahu bAra na leta buhArI / / ko zivalAla kI bAteM kahai dina rAta rahai inahI ko akhaarau| ye te bar3e karunAnidhi ko ina pAjina ne darabAra bigaarau|| [ zeSa pRSTha 163 para dekhie ]

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 163 [zeSa pRSTha 162 kA 1 4. bhIra bharI rahai bhAr3ana kI nita pAveM ghanI ganikA gunvaarii| cArana bhATa kalAvata TolI macAvata dvArai kolAhala bhaarii|| mAMgana vArai SarAba karai kavi datta bar3e jasa ke adikaarii| dArI bar3o dukha tade ajI hameM cyAra dinAM te milI siradArI / / isa kavi meM ugratA, vyaMgya, bhASA-paTUtA, sAtha hI avasaravAditA prAdi bAteM pAI jAtI haiN| avasara ko dekha kara zivadAnasiMha, mahatAbasiMha. kAyastha Adi kI prazaMsA bhI karate rahate the| inakI kavitA sundara aura sazakta hai tathA bhASA svaccha aura alNkRt| do eka udAharaNa dekhie-- horA SAni te kaDhyo hai parasAna paM ghaDyau hai pheri , kaMcana maDhyo hai tyauM anUpa jyoti jAgyo teM / kImata baDhyo caDhyo kara meM pravInana ke , prAdara apAra pAya prema rasa pAgyau teM / datta kavi kahai lagyo mukaTa mahIpana ke , hAra bani kAmani hiye meM anurAgyau teM / ye ho suna hIrA bhayo jagata jahIrA mUr3ha , tAha 5 neka nA kaThorapana tyAgyo te / / lagAdagIra thara thara kAMpe deha dekhata tagAdagIra , sithila sarIra buddhi dhIra na gahata hai| kAmanI kaleza karai ghara meM hamezA hAya , sevA kariyai kauM cita neka na cahata hai / datta kavi kahai jAke sira pai karaja hota , kasa kara chAtI nisivAsara dahata hai| corana meM ganatI karata saba loga, tAhI sauM sAhUkArana meM sAkhI nA rahata hai| jhAlI mahArAnI kI mRtyu pyArI bhUpa bhArI dulArI bhUpa bhAre kI su , bhArI guna maMDita dunI ke aoka prokana meM / bhArI sanamAMna sAna sItalatA sujAnapanoM , bhArI dAMna dolati luTAvati aroka meM / datta kavi kahai dhanya jhAlI mahArAnI jaga , jAkI prabhutAI sauM samAne zatru zoka meM / chAjI chavi sumati darAjI kali kIrati ke , rAjI kari rAjahi virAjI devaloka meM //

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164 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI ghamAsAna lar3AI calI cAru baMdUkha cArauM disA te| pare vIra ha vIratA kI nisA teM / / kaDhI khuba samasera hai dAminI sii| lakhI kheta meM kAla kI kAmini sii|| kaTe ketakauM ketakauM dhIra tjj| dharA chor3i pAjI musalamAna bhajja / ' isa yaddha meM topakhAnA chIna liyA gayA, aura prAga laga jAne ke kAraNa bahuta se loga mAre gae / varNana ko utkRSTatA aura yuddha kI bhayAnakatA sthAnasthAna para lakSita hai| 5. vIratA saMbaMdhI kucha sphuTa chaMda- aneka kaviyoM ke yuddha sambandhI chaMda sthAna-sthAna para bikhare hue pAe ge| inameM jahAM rAjAoM kI vIratA kA varNana hai vahAM usa samaya ke saMgharSamaya vAtAvaraNa kA bhI eka citra milatA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa kucha chanda die jA rahe haiM 1. kavitta battIsA asadakhAM kI jaMga kau uddhata asadakhAM yuddha ko nidhAna jAna , laina unamAna phatealI ne paThAyo ht| kahiyau navAba soM salAma meM bhI hAjara hoM, jAnata na thola dara pusta iha merA kUta / idhara na prAvo to mahara phuramAvo mujhe , vaMde hama sAhi ke hamesAM hameM tumheM sUta / SAtara na Avai tau su vAhI vaMdA baMdagI meM , maulA jise dehigA rahaigA Seta majabUta / / 1 isa yuddha meM rAjA ne musalamAnoM se sahAyatA lI, kintu yaha sahAyatA milane para bhI rAjA ko hAra khAnI pdd'ii| cAroM aura badaamanI phailI aura rAjA ne rAja-kAja chor3a diyaa| usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa keDala sAhaba Aye / isa jhaMjhaTa ko bar3hAne vAle muMzI ammUjAna kI havelI abhI taka rAjagar3ha meM maujada hai / ina munzIjI ke sambandha meM eka janokti prasiddha hai ammUjAna kI bAkarI, cara gaI sArI kheta / lakhajI ke pAle parI, khAgyo khAla sameta // 'lakhajI' rAmAdala ke eka prasiddha vIra the| www.jaineli

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165 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 2. dillI kI lUTa ke kavitta lAla daravAje para sUraja subhaTa gAje , tAte tAte vIra haththa prAyudha darAje haiN| bhAje pura logana kapATa daravAje dIne , paradha bhusaMDinu ke uddhata avAje haiM / kahUM, saravAje charavAje lama chara vAje , bAje bAje bhAThina sauM phaureM sirasAja haiN| jaMga ke larAje umarAje lahi chAje proTa , kete loTa poTa mile aAje para Aje haiN| (a) varanoM kahAM lauM bhuvaloka meM jahAM lauM bhaI , dillI meM tahAM lauM vAnI sUraja-pratApa te / mugala malUkajAde seSa ve salUka pyAre , saiyada paThAna avasAMna bhUle lApate / / pAyA roja kAmata malAmata se pAka have raheMge salAmata SudAI Apa Apa te / jAra jAra rotI kyoM bajAra mIrajAdI yArauM jinakA chipAu mahatAba aAphatAba te / / 3. mahArAja raNajItasiMha aura phiraMgI surapura bhavana bharathapura devana ko, kAhe kAja Aye ho phiraMgI sUrachattA meM / dhari ke nasainI caDhyo kurasI tamUra liyau , kIye mana more gore surata cakattA meM / uThe vRjalAlA haMkAri hAtha hAthara leM , himmata karasa loha laMgara larattA meN| kahata parasiddha mahArAja raNajItasiMha , dhAya dhAya dhAmeM paga Age hI dharattA meM / / 'parasiddha' dvArA likhe aise aneka chaMda mile| ina chaMdoM meM nimnalikhita eka pAMcavIM paMkti aura pAI jAtI hai bhejI phori paTaka pachAra khAtI dhamana sauM , rejI aMgarejana kI roveM kalakattA meN| Selata phulatA matA jora jasamattA ke , pinAre nidAri kalakattA raura paareNge| sujAra mIrapAna se paThAna jaThe tumhAre prAna , laiMna kauM kRpAna vAna maareNge| (prA)

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adhyAya 5 - noti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI kaMpi kaMpi kaMpinI pukArata aMgarejana pe, aMga aMga aMga sauM tribhaMga kari ddaareNge| hallA meM hAreMge phiraMgI hajAra bhAMti , jAlama jaTA ke ' kaTA kari DAreMge / dhAyau kalakattA te bharatA bhArI phaujana kauM , pUraba ko dAnau prAya vaja meM jhlkraa| cauMke dragapAla chatrabhArI mahi maMDala ke , jaipura udapura uThAya pAyo lUgarA / / mAcorI kau rAva' so to jaga meM janAnauM bheSa , kari pahirai kara cUgai anavaTa ghUdharA / kahata parasiddha mahArAja ranajItasiMgha ,. satrai hajAra dala mAre bhaTa bhUgarA / / isake bAda pAMcavI paMkti yaha hai teganate toDa DAre mUDa aMgarejana ke , pare rahe kheta meM bhikhArI ke se kUlarA / / mAcau ghamasAna kosa tIna loM lothi parI , jhari gaye sUra sAce muharA agAra teN| bAI yoM bhujA te mAra kInI jasavaMta rAva , pare rahe raMDa muMDa lagi ve malAhi te // kahata jasarAma aMgareja jaMga hAri gae , jIte jaduvaMsI sUra larata uchAha te / doU dIna jAnau mahArAja ranajItasiMha, hAri meM phiraMgI phana paTa kyoM milAvate / / (u) are phiraMgI agyAna, yahAM te uThi jA re gulAma , hyA phate nahIM paavegaa| ye hai gar3ha bhArA, jaisA dUsarA sitArA , yA kA rAma rakhavArA, gIdI hAtha nahIM aavNgaa| ye haiM jaduvaMsa, inameM rAjana ko aMsa , ina mArayo mathurApati kaMsa, gIdI tohU kU nvaavegaa| yo mati jAnai jaTTa hai thore inake, ghu dachina bulAya tere Dere luttvaavegaa| ' bharatapura ke mahArAja raNajItasiMhajI kA zAsanakAla saMvat 1834 se 1862 vi0 hai| isa samaya alavara meM vinayasiMhajI kA zAsana thaa| 2 'malAha' nAma kA eka choTA gAMva bharatapura nagara se bilakula lagA huA hai

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 167 gorena kI bIbI DakarAya ke pukAra kareM, bhAgo ho kaMtha jasamaMta car3hi mAregA / pAni pare vRjabhUmi bhore kAhU aura hI ke , vahI bRjavArA terI bhujA kU ukhAregA / aDe sUravIra tere golAna kU ginata nAhiM , le ke samasera jodhA jodhana kU pchaarNgaa| uraka tilaMgI caparAsI saba hAri gae, jasamaMta aautAra kalakattA lauM gaira pAraMgA / / 4. dillI-dulhana mAge te sarasa sAje sabala jar3AU sAja , bAje dIha duMdabhI avAje jIti vAse ko| teja muSa maravaTa se haTI paratApa puMja , poja kara kaMkana hai Sagga raMga rAse ko| lagana basaMta-pAMce ulajhata donoM disA, napati barAtI sarva sahara tamAse kauN| dulahana dillI paura torana ko mAra , vRjadUlaha balavaMta prAye DerA janavAse kauN| ina kavittoM meM raNajItasiMhajI ke samaya meM aMgrejoM dvArA bharatapura kA kilA jItane ke lie kie gae yuddhoM se sambandhita prasaMga haiN| itihAsa meM suvikhyAta hai ki bharatapura kile kA gherA aMgrejoM ko bahuta ma~hagA pdd'aa| cAra-cAra bAra AkramaNa karane para bhI jaba kilA kisI prakAra sara nahIM huA to kUTanIti aura chalabala se isa kile ko liyA gyaa| yuddha-sAhitya meM kucha pustakeM vAstava meM utkRSTa haiM inameM sUdana kA likhA 'sujAna caritra' tathA jAcIka jIvana kA 'pratAparAso' vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ina donoM kA hI aitihAsika mahattva hai aura inameM varNana-vividhatA bhI milatI hai / isa yuga meM kucha sAhitya aisA bhI racA gayA jisameM atizayokti hai, inameM 'vijayasaMgrAma' aura 'yamanavidhvaMsaprakAsa' ke nAma lie jA sakate haiN| sphuTa chaMdoM meM jAToM ke aAtaMka kA varNana hai / jATa aura aMgrejoM kI lar3AI na kevala itihAsa meM eka mahatvapUrNa pRSTha hai varan sAhitya meM bhI usa samaya kI vIra tathA raudra rasa pUrNa kavitAeM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI haiN| matsya pradeza meM kucha kathA-sAhitya bhI upalabdha hotA hai / bhakti se saMbaMdhita kathA-sAhitya kA varNana anyatra ho cukA hai tathA hitopadeza Adi kI kathAoM kA varNana anuvAda ke prasaMga meM hogaa| mahArAjA vikramAditya se sambandhita bahuta

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168 adhyAya 5-- nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI sI kathAeM pracalita thIM jinameM siMhAsana battIsI tathA paMcadaNDa kathA bahuta hI prasiddha haiN| aneka kaviyoM ne isa dizA meM prayAsa kiyaa| ina kahAniyoM dvArA nIti aura vIratA donoM kA hI pratipAdana huaA jinake lie vikramAditya kA nAma vizva meM vikhyAta hai| eka prakAra se vikrama-sAhitya vizva-sAhitya meM nIti aura nyAya kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / prApta sAmagrI meM se kucha kA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai 1. siMhAsana battIsI - akhairAma kRta 2. vikrama caritra - vaidyanAtha kRta 3. vikrama vilAsa - akhairAma kRta 4. vikrama vilAsa - gaMgesa (vikrama-betAla) kRta 5. sujAna vilAsa - somanAtha kRta . siMhAsana battIsI-vikrama-vilAsa aura siMhAsana-battIsI lagabhaga eka sI kRtiyAM haiM / siMhAsana battIsI meM akhairAma ne apanA paricaya prAdi nahIM diyA hai kintu 'vikrama-vilAsa' ke nAma se inhIM kI likho jo hastalikhita prati milI usameM kavi ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai| akhai rAma dvArA likhI siMhAsana battIsI kI aneka pratiyAM pAI gaIM jinameM pATha bheda ke atirikta aura bhI kucha ghaTA-bar3hI milatI hai| siMhAsana battIsI meM kavi ne apane sambandha meM kama likhA hai gaNapati sumiroM sAradA, zrI vallabha sira nAya , rAdhA mohana dhyAna kari, vikrama yasahi banAya / zrI vikrama naranAha kI, sUjasa kathA battIsa , bhASA karI baranoM tina hi, kRSNa caraNa ghari sIsa / / yaha kAvya 'dIrgha' (DIga) meM likhA gayA thA mathurA maMDala deza meM, nija vRja madhya suthAna / ati hI dIrgha suhAvanoM, amarapurI anumAna / / Doga (dIrgha) kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai cahu ora saghana suvAsa / jagamagata joti prakAsa // ati hI lalAma sugrAma / cahughAM vicitrita dhAma / / jhalakeM amaMda avAsa / juta caMdra lAja prakAsa / / DIga ke bAga kA sundara varNana milatA hai / bhavanoM ke pAsa' kA yaha bAga kAphI acchA thaa| aba usake sthAna para per3oM ko kaTavA kara laoNna lagavA diyA

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 166 gayA hai / isa bAga meM pahale phala-phUla vAle aneka prakAra ke per3a the aura kavi ne bhI latA, veli, phUla, phala, vRkSoM Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| varNana karate samaya kavi ko Rtu-kuRtu kA dhyAna nahIM rahatA / yaha usa samaya kI pracalita praNAlI tho jisakA AbhAsa kabhI-kabhI aba bhI mila jAtA hai, jaise-ayodhyAsiMhajI ke 'priya pravAsa' meM / eka varNana dekhiye-- tihiM nagara kUla / baha bAga phala / / ketaki gulAba / cameli dAva / / karunA tuhI su / karavIra hI su / / saugaMdha rAya / gulasa jAya / / gullAla jAla / ravimuSa nAla || guDahara suceta / sata garva Seta / / naragasa navIna / karanA su kIna / jhuki rAmaneli / campA suheli / / nAgesa cAri / phUlI nivArI / / haricaka bhUpa / maMjariya rUpa / / nAriMga nAra / kaTahara suThAra / / zrIphala karauMda / jahaM nUta gauMda / / puMgI phalAni / lIcI ilAMni / / vallI sanAga / laugani suhAga // jAmini rasAla / imalI visAla / azvattha kUla / vaTa vRkSa mUla / / DIga ke tAlAba' ko bhI acchA varNana hai| yaha tAlAba pAja bhI usI taraha pUre sAla pAnI se bharA rahatA hai aura Doga-nivAsiyoM ke snAna kA sundara sAdhana hai / makaraMda varaSata jeMna / ghumaDeM abIra sujhaina / / bahu mIna tarala taraMga / ravi kirani parasi paraMga / / caMhu aora bAga bisAla [viLAsa] / kRta kokilA kalahAsa / / tihiM deSi ke suSa hota / upaja su prAnada srota / / ' nagara-varNana ke uparAnta rAjavaMza kA varNana hai aura bhagavAna viSNu se bharatapura ke rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalo AraMbha kI gaI hai nArAyana kI nAbhi teM, caturAnana avareSi / atri bhayo tA dugana teM, tA draga caMda vise Si / DIga ke bhavana, tAlAba Adi kI sandaratA sarvadA se ramaNIya rahI hai| vartamAna sarakAra kA dhyAna bhI isa ora gayA hai aura ise paryaTakoM kA vizrAma kendra banAne kI dizA meM prayatna jArI hai|

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200 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI tAhI jadukula baMsa meM, kitika sASa ke aMta / pragaTa bho javaMsa meM, zrIpati zrI bhagavata / / usake uparAnta pradyumna, aniruddha Adi-- tAke kula meM bhUpati, kite bhaye, gae saraloka / vraja bhagavata tA vasa meM, upaje suSa ke noka / tA vrajarAja ke suta pragaTa, bhAvasiMha naranAha / tAke bhae badanesa suta, anagana gunani athAha / / jyauM badanesa pavitra ghara sUrajasiMha kumAra / / isa pustaka meM sUrajamala jI kI bahuta kucha prazaMsA likhI gaI hai / inakI prazaMsA meM kavi ne eka anya pustaka 'sujAna vilAsa' bhI likhI hai jisakI ora kavi ne isa pustaka meM saMketa kiyA hai prathama su tAhi asIsa kari, upajyau hiye hulAsa / sUrajamala ke nAma kauM, racyauM sujAna vilAsa // isake pazcAt kathA kA prAraMbha hotA hai|' pustaka samApta hone kA samaya 1812 vi0 hai ThAraha se bAraha ganauM, saMvatsara ghara sara / sAMvaraNa badi kI tIja kauM, kiyau graMtha paripUra / / pratyeka kahAno ke pazcAt nimna cAra paMktiyAM dI gaI haiM badanesa zrI ja duvaMsa bhUpati sakala guNanidhi jAMniyai / jihi parina ke bala SaMDa kIne kRSNabhakti vaSAniye / jihi suvana lAla sujAna siMgha vilAsa kIrati chaaiye| kavi aSarAma saneha sauM pUtarI siMghAsana gAiye / / isa prakAra ke battIsa adhyAya haiM / pustaka ke anta meM likhA hai 'iti zrI siMghAsana battIsI kavi apairAma kRte nAma dvAtriMzatamo dhyAyaH 32 mitI phAguna badI 10 meM samApta bhayo / ' jo hastalikhita pratiyAM milIM ve aneka vyaktiyoM ke lie likhI gaI haiM / udAharaNa ke lie eka ke anta meM likhA hai 'pustaka likhI ciraMjIva lAlAjI zrI kalUrAmajI ke paThAnArtham subhaciMtaka gusAI bAlagoviMda ke hastAkSara zubhaM bhUyAta / zrI zloka saMkhyA 2000 patra saMkhyA 250 / ' , isa sthAna para kisI ne hAziye para likhA hai 'anya pratiyoM meM kavi paricaya bhI hai| isakA vivaraNa 'vikrama vilAsa' ke antargata diyA jAvegA /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 201 'zloka' kA artha 'chaMda' grahaNa karanA ucita hogaa| siMhAsana kI mUrtiyoM ne battIsa kahAniyAM kahIM putarI battIsoM kahI, pragaTa kathA battIsa / jo tU asau bhoja nRpa, karai kRpA jagadIsa / / kahi ke kathA pragaTa bhaI sigarI / saji saji deva loka ko DagarI / / dhani dhani bhUpa hameM sukha dayau / tuma paratApa sApa miTi gayo / bhUpati vacana ucAryo asa / ko tuma sAtha bhayo hai kaise ? yaha eka RSi ke zApavaza huA thA, kyoMki ye putaliyA~ usake Upara ha~sa gaI thiiN| ___ yaha hastalikhita prati bahuta purAnI hai parantu akSara bar3e sundara haiN| DIga aura vaira ke darabAroM meM kaviyoM kA bar3A satkAra hotA thA aura rAjA ke jJAna tathA manovinoda kI vRddhi karate hue ye kavi sAhitya-sRjana meM lage rahate the / kavi kA jJAna bahuta vistRta hai, sAtha hI usako saMkhyA ginAne kA bhI zauka hai / miThAI, pakavAna, vRkSa, phala Adi ke varNana bahuta vistAra ke sAtha kiye gaye haiN| isa grantha se akhairAma kI bahuta prasiddhi huI / pratyeka adhyAya ke bAda sujAnasiMhajI kI prazaMsA likhane kI vahI praNAlI isa pustaka meM bhI hai jo sUdana racita sujAnacaritra meM milatI hai / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki sujAnacaritra meM usa chaMda kI caturtha paMkti meM varNya-vastu kA varNana hotA hai aura siMhAsana battIsI meM ye cAra paMktiyAM jyoM kI tyoM dI gaI haiN| 3. vikrama vilAsa-meM kavi ne apane saMbaMdha meM bhI kucha bAteM likhI hai bhoja nagara jamunA nikaTa, mathurA maMDala mAjha / tahAM bhae bhISama sukavi, kRSNa bhakti dina sAMjha / / tAkeM mizra malUka puni, zruti sundara saba aNg| khojata veda purAna saba, kiyau nahIM cita bhaMga // unake goviMda, punaH kramazaH dAmodara, nAthUrAma, jagatamaNi aura unake aSarAma tAke bhaya, sahisa kavina anusAra / jo kachu cUkyau hoi to, lIjai sukavi sudhAra / apane AzrayadAtA ke bAre meM bhI likhA hai-- jadukula bhAra dharive ko bhayau sesa jaise , prabala prahAra karive koM dvijarAja soN| .

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202 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-sambandhI rAmakula dIpaka sau asura vihaMDave koM, duSTa ari SaDive ko garur3a samAja soN| dAnaguna gAyave koM, dinakaranaMda jaiso , ari gaja rAjani koM siMhana kI gAja soN| vadanesa-naMdana sUjAna 'arerAma' kahai , kavina-rijhAyave ko bhoja bhayo lAja soN|| arAmajI kI AzIrvAda dene kI praNAlI dekhie -- cita dhari aSTa su aMka vAha battIsa guniij| duguna karau puni tAha traguna puni tAha bhanIjai / / aradha aMka kara hIna zeSa soM traguna phalAvahu / veda aMka saMga dharahu bhAga aSTama citavAvahu / / Upara aMka jo cita rahata, kavitA guna so tinahiM dhara / AThoM siddha vasoM tahAM, phira sujAna nija tUva ghara / / ina aMkoM ko yadi kavi ke kahe anusAra rakhate haiM to isa prakAra AtA hai 84324243 isako hala karane se 8 pAtA hai| 2434448 'pAThoM siddha' basAne kI yaha eka bar3I hI vicitra praNAlI hai| aba eka varNana bhI dekhie kola ke pAche lagyo naranAtha, gayo voha kola suvela vaTAveM / kaMdara aMdara dvAre ke vAra, uhAI dhasyau su adhyArI ghaTAveM // hAtana soM vRka Toi naresa, kyoM puni aura I loka chttaaveN| UMce pravAsa pare jhalakeM, lalake mani motIna lAla aTAveM / / putaliyoM kI kahAnI meM muhUrta sodhane kI bAta bAra-bAra AtI hai aura mahUrata sodhike, puni paga dharata bhuvAla / ___ jaise nAika pUtarI, bolI vacana rasAla / / jo tU vikrama kI sama Ahi / baiThi siMhAsana paM avagAhi / / kaiso vikrama bhayo naresa / amani madhya jAnoM amaresa / / aura phira kahAnI zurU ho jAtI hai eka samai ika jogI Ayo ityaadi|

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203 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena isI pustaka kI eka anya prati tuha[la] sIrAmajI' ke liye likhI huI aura pAI gaI / alavara meM bhI isakI kaI pratiyAM miliiN| DIga ke bAre meM likhA hai rajadhAnI jaduvaMsa kI, brajamaMDala sarasAti / iMdupurI amarAvatI, tihi sama kahI na jAti / apane saMbaMdha meM kavi likhate haiM zrI vikrama naranAha ko, sujasa kathA battIsa / bhASA kari varanoM tinheM, kRSNa caraNa dhari sIsa / / jitiyaka merI buddhi hai, tihi sama kahI banAi / chimita hou kavirAja saba, cUkyau leu banAi // 3. eka anya vikrama vilAsa milA hai jisake racayitA 'gaMgesa' haiN| yaha grantha bahuta pahale likhA gayA thA, isakA nirmANakAla saMvat 1736 hai saMvata satraha se barasa, bIte unatAlIsa / mAgha badI kUja saptamI, kInoM grantha nadIsa / / aura anta meM likhA hai-- vikrama vilAsa gaMgesa kRta, taba laga yA jaga thira rhai|' isameM 'vikrama-vaitAla' kI kathAnoM kA ullekha hai / yaha pustaka alavara rAjya kI sthApanA se pahale likhI gaI hai aura ise zrI balavaMtasiMhajI ke paThanArtha mAcAr3I meM likhA gayA thaa| 4. vikrama caritra paMcadaMDa-kathA ko somanAtha ke vaMzaja vaidyanAtha ne likhaa| isa pustaka kA samaya lekhaka ne isa prakAra diyA hai ThAraha se caurAsiyA, bhAdAM zukla supakSa / maMgalavAra caturdasI, bhayau graMtha pratyakSa / / zrImAthura-kula-mukuTa-mariMga somanAtha kavi-vaMsa vaidyanAtha kavi viracito vikrama daMDa prasaMga // __isa pustaka ke prathama cAra patra nahIM haiN| 21veM chaMda se pustaka kA prArambha hotA hai| isameM una paMcadaMDoM kI kathA hai jo vikrama kI sAsa damanI ke kahe anusAra vikrama dvArA prApta kie gae the 1. vijai daMDa, 2. siddha daMDa, 3. tamaharana daMDa, 4. kAma daMDa, tathA 5. viSahara dNdd| ' pustaka liSAyataM lAlAjI zrI dharma mUrti dharmAvatAra hari guru sevA parAyaNa zrI tuhasI rAmajI ne / saMvat 1911 / 2 zrI zrI zrI zrI zrI balavaMtasiMhajI liSataM zubhasthAne mAcAr3I alavara madhya devA bAgavAna maalii| isa mAlI ne aneka pustakeM lipibaddha kii|

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nIti, yuddha, itihAsa sambandhI damanI apanI putrI kA vivAha vikramAditya ke sAtha usI avasthA meM karane ko taiyAra thI jaba pAMcoM daMDa jIta liye jaayeN| damanI ke ne aisA hI kiyA aura damanI ko santuSTa kiyA / anta meM protsAhana para vikrama 204 zradhyAya 5 - damanI ne kiyA hai tilaka sIsa vikrama ke 1 dInI hai asIsa yoM par3hi ke virada kahI sUraja ta jyoM tapau aneka sAla jIjiye / prati hI pratApa hou zrAnaMda meM bhIjiye | 1 nRpati vikramAditya koM jayamAlA le sAtha viSaharadaMDa sameta puni, ratna DabA le hAtha || apanI damanI sAsa Dhiga, ThAr3au bhayau su prAya / kRpA tumhArI taM ihAM, pAMcoM daMDa milAya // isa para damanI ne vikrama ko upadeza diyA thA "bar3I vaha choTI yaha dou ekasIni dhari / inape kRpAlu hai ghanerI kRpA kIjiye // " inadaMDoM ke jItane meM vikramAditya ko aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thA | siddha daMDa kI kaThinAI dekhiye tau mahArAja suno SaMmAita desa mAhi ika nagara barana meM / sau pArApura nagara siMdhu ke pAra tahAM nRpa somapAla hai / tApura mAhi somasarmA ika dvijavara sau zrati budhi visAla hai || tihi grahaNI ko nAma umAde teke tresaTha ziSya par3hata hai / rahu eka siSa kI icchA tanake citameM bhAva car3hata hai / / tahAM hoya causaThave siSSoM tuma karo siddha kArana saMpUrana / rAjA kahI bhale yau kariyo damanI nija graha gamanI turapura || pratyeka daMDa ke prApta karane meM aisI hI kaThinAiyAM thI, kintu vikrama ne apanI caturAI se pAMcoM daMDoM ko prApta kiyA / ina daMDoM ko prApta karAne meM damanI kA bahuta yogadAna rahA, usI ne vikrama ko upayukta sthAnoM meM jAkara daMDa prApta karane ke liye prerita kiyA / pAMcoM daMDa prApta karane para hI damanI prasanna huI aura apane hAthoM se vikrama ke sira para TIkA kiyA / pratyeka daMDa ko prApta karane para vikrama damanI ko bulAtA aura agale daMDa ko prApta karane kA upAya pUchatA /

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205 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena jabai nRpa jItiya cArihu daMDa / ujeMna purI madhi prAya pracaMDa / / sabhA raci baiThi siMhAsana madhya / uchAha bhayau hiya meM hita sadhya / / bulAya tabai damanI nija sAsa / juhAra kiyau kahi vena prakAsa // jaho damanI tu kRpA tuva pAya / vija kiya cArihu daMDa ju prAya / / aba jimi jIta huM paMcama daMDa / upAva ju mohi vatAvahu caMDa / / taba damanI nRpa ko bahu bhA~ti / daI bahu prAsiSa hI hulasAti / / tabai damanI ju kahai samujhAya / batAvahu paMcama daMDa upAya / / hai samudra pAra meM, eka SamAica desa / tAme nagarI eka hai, pAMca nAma tihi vesa / / aura usake pAMca nAma caMpAvatI nagarI kahe sIlavatI kahiye ahii| amaravatI puSpAvatI bhogAvatI kahiye sahI / / ihi bhAMti tAke nAma pAMcahaM tahAM pApa pdhaariye| jaikarna nAma subhapa tAko karata rAja nihAriyai / / tA napati ke sidUSacA ika bharayau ratnani kauM lsai| tA mAhi viSahara daMDa hai tihi lehu tuma lahi jase / / napati ko agyAhi dai damanI gaI nija dhAma ko| 5. sujAna vilAsa-somanAtha kRt| prantha kAraNa sabhA madhya ika dina kahI, zrI sujAna musikyAi / sauMmanAtha yA graMtha kI, bhASA dehu banAi / / hukuma pAi sasinAtha hara, catura sujAna vilAsa / jAmaiM vikrama guna katha, haiM battIsa (32) prakAsa / / atha kathA prAraMbha liSyate guru ganapati gopAla ke, paga araviMdana dhyAi / racatu sujAMna vilAsa kauM, sauMmanAtha sukha pAi / / vasati vasumati madhya hai, dhArA nagarI nAma / pragaTa mAluve desa meM, suSa saMpati ko dhAma / / sujAna vilAsa eka vRhad grantha hai jisameM battIsa prakAza haiN| akhairAma kI taraha unhoMne bhI pratyeka adhyAya ke bAda cAra paMktiyAM likhI haiN| cauthI paMkti badalatI rahatI hai| prathama prakAza ke bAda kI ye cAra paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM -

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adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-sambandhI zrI badanasiMgha bhuvAla jadukula mukaTa gunana vizAla hai| tihi kumara siMgha sujAna suMdara hiMda bhAla dayAla hai / / tihi heta kavi zazinAtha ne raciya sujAna vilAsa hai| putarI siMghAsana kI kathA kiya prathama bhaiya prakAsa hai / / yaha pustaka apane pUrNa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / isake anta meM likhA hai sanamAna dai varadAna dai imi prAna paM ati pAikai / sura nAgarI guna aAgarI saba gaI svarga lubhAikai / / kavi ne apane saMbaMdha meM bhI kucha jAnakArI dI hai mizra narotama narotama, bhaye chiraurA vaMsa / rAmasiMgha ke maMtra guru, mAthura kula avataMsa // somanAtha ke pitA 'nIlakaMTha' mizra bhI acche kavi the| somanAtha tIna bhAI the-anaMdanidhi, gaMgAdhara aura ye svayaM / grantha-samApti kA samaya isa prakAra hai tAne sUrajamalla ko, hukma pAi parakAsa / racyo kathA battIsa maya, graMtha sujAni vilAsa // sahasa gunI zazinAtha kI, vinatI ura maiM dhAra / cUka bhaI kachu hoi tau, lIjo sukavi sudhAra / / saMvat vikrama bhUpa ko, aTThAraha se sAta / jeTha zukla tRtiyA ravI, bhayo graMtha aparAta // isa samaya sUrajamala yuvarAja the 'vrajarAja yaha juvarAja sUrajamalla rAjahu nitya hI / ' vivAha saMbaMdhI do pustakeM milIM-1 vinayasiMhajI kI putrI kA vivAha : rAmalAla kRta, 2 balavaMtasiMhajI kA vivAha : gaNeza kRt| 1 vivAha vinoda-kavi rAmalAla kahate haiM baMdi bhavAnI padakamala, bhUpasutA ko byAha / varaNoM mati merI jitI, tiha ko carita athAha / rAmalAla sukavi samasta gaya haya pAya , ati haraSAya gAya kIrati khaavnii| jAke janma leta bhUpa vinaya niketa AI , iMdarA sameta ati parama suhAvanI // pustaka se patA lagatA hai ki rAjA apane saradAroM se parAmarza karate the| jaise dazarathajI ne rAma ko yuvarAja banAne ke liye pAMca AdamiyoM se parAmarza cAhA thaa| usI prakAra

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207 207 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena jure sakala siradAra, taba bhUpati se khii| kahau sumaMtra vicAra, vAI ke sanamaMdha kI / / aura nizcaya hugrA ki rAThyaura siMha saradAra' nAma / vAkauM gar3ha bIkAnera dhAma // rAjA ne saMbaMdha nizcaya kara diyA aura vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ hone lgiiN| 'vivAha vinoda' kI kavitA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai aso subha sAjike samAja zrI vinesa bhUpa , upamA anUpa kavirAjana jatAI hai| vasu hai suvAsava hai visvadeva kI vibhUti , vizvapati parama pravIna ne banAI hai / / umagi samadda sarahadda prApanI 4 jAya . sajana samAja sanamAne sidhya pAI hai| mili siradArasiMgha ju ko saMga lAe bhae , vAMchita saphala desa desa meM bar3AI hai| vinaya bAga meM barAta ThaharAI gaI aura bahuta acchA prabandha kiyA gayA __ 'zrI siradAra kI phauja-viSa china eka meM vATI sudhArasa bhiinii|' isa vivAha meM nega Adi meM kAphI dAna-dakSiNA die ge| bArahaTha gopAla ko eka nega meM eka hAthI milA thA siMha gaja pai asavAra hai, zrI saradAra udAra / sau vAraiTha gupAla ko, diyo sunega majhAra // vivAha vedavidhi se sampanna huA vedana meM vidhi jo baraNI saMga le tiya kUrama ne vaha kiinii| jevara lApana ke dharaNIdhara dhenu dharAdhipa koTi nviinii|| le jalu aMjulI meM hara ko dhara dhyAna sauM sASAnucAri pravInI / zrI saradAra mahIpati ko ati harSita ha tanayA nija dInI // 2. dUsare vivAha-vinoda meM gaNesa kavi likhate haiM 'zrI vRjeMdra balavaMta kau baranata byAha-vinoda / ' balavaMtasiMhajI kA yaha vivAha vichoha nivAsI sarUpasiMhajI kI lar3akI ke sAtha huA thaa| vivAha saMpanna karAne ke liye sarUpasiMhajI ko DIga ke 'kaTAre vAre mahala' batA die gae the-- saradArasiMhajI ke nAma para hI 'saradArazahara' nAma kA nagara basAyA gyaa|

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adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-sambandhI kInau zrI dimAna sanamAna lai hukama kahI , dIgha meM kaTAre vAre mahala batAe haiN| madati maraMmati karAya ke tayArI lAya , bhUpati sarUpa sakuMTubita bulAe haiN| pAe dIgha nRpati vichoha ke sarUpasiMha , baMdhuna sameta heta hiyai sarasAe haiM / / vivAha kI tithi 1886 vi0 vaisASa sudi 10 thI AI pItapatrI chatrI baMsa avataMsa zrI, vRjeMdra chatrapati mahA utsAha hai| saMvat 1886 meM vaisASa sudi , dase budhavAra ko bhalI tithi vivAha hai| kAma karane vAle aphasaroM ke nAma bhI die gae haiM tahAM kAraSAne nAnA patirAma haiN| bakasI bAlamukaMda nihAre kAma haiN| dayAcaMda suta jana lAla dIvAna haiN| mutasaddI muSiyA lAla haradhyAna haiM / / nagara meM phailA huA AnaMda dekhie sakala sahara meM baTe haiM gar3a gAr3A bhare , galina girAre cauka jaiso jahAM chiye| jo hai vA mahala meM su cahala pahala meM hI , phUle phale bhale manamAnI mauja lhiye| nitya baTeM virahA' aneka jhorI bhara bhara , jaise I suhAra baravAI2 jetI kahiye / vyAha zrI brajeMdra mahArAja valavaMta kemeM , Thaura Thaura Anada samUha mAha rahiye / / sAtha meM dhAU gyAsIrAma, dIvAna bholAnAtha, naMdalAla Adi sabhI saradAroM ko lekara morachala lagAye hue mahArAja kI savArI calI jA rahI hai| bharatapura ke rAjAoM meM Aja bhI yaha prathA hai ki jaba koI punIta avasara hotA hai to pahale bihArIjI kI aura usake uparAnta veMkaTeza mahArAja kI 'jhA~kI' karate haiM / dazaharA pUjana ke avasara para jaba mahArAja kI savArI phauja palaTana ke sAtha nikalatI thI to dhAU, dIvAna Adi rAjya ke vizeSa adhikArI bhI morachala lagA kara sAtha meM hote the| usa samaya bhI kile meM sthita bihArIjI kI jhA~kI pahale karate the aura usake uparAnta veMkaTeza mahArAja kii| 1 bhIge cne| 2 dAla kI bnii|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 206 karI hai prathama zrI bihArIjI kI jhaaNkii| vesa pUje vyaMkaTeza mahArAja bhale bhAya ke / / barAta ke pahuMcane para phavvAre calA diye gaye--' chuTata phuhAre nyAre nyAre saba bhaunana meM / gulAla kA varNana kistI haiM aneka saMga rorI po gulAla lAla , lalaki lalaki leta heta soM ur3Ate haiN| lAla lAla bhaI avanI akAsa Asa pAsa , lAla lAla hai divAla raMga ghumaDAte haiN| lAla hI lAla hAthI lAla hI sakala sAthI , lAla hI barAtI lAla raMga umar3Ate haiN| lasaMTIna sAhaba ko lAla muSa lAla bhayo , lAla lAla bAdala kI chabi kauM chur3Ate haiM / / 'lasaMTIna sAhaba' vizeSa rUpa se zAmila hue the| vivAha ke samaya mahArAjA ke donoM mathurA-purohita bhI the 'rasika lAla jI syAmajI ati prAnaMdata citta / ' aura kavi gaNeza ke do putra bhI upasthita the kavi gaNeza-suta doi haiM, hAjara tAI ThAma / lakSmInArAyana ju ika, dUjo sAligarAma // striyoM kA samAroha AchI AchI navala badhUTI te jharokA lAgI , deSi zrI vrajeMdra ko prAnaMda barasAtI haiN| nAmeM leta gArI deta heta soM haMsAveM sabai , sakala barAta kI sirAta jAta chAtI hai| gAtI haiM gumAnabharI gorI gorI gorI sabai , sIThanA sunAtI deSi dUlhai musakAtI haiN| raMga barasAtI haiM anaMga sarasAtI haiM , naina SaMjana nacAtI mIThe bacana sunAtI haiN|| isa kavitta meM khar3I bolI ke prayoga dekhane yogya haiN| antima paMkti to ekadama khar3I bolI hai / bharatapura ke kaviyoM meM isa prakAra yadA-kadA khar3I bolI kA 'DIga ke bhavanoM meM lage hue 'phavvAre' bahuta prasiddha haiN| inako vizeSa avasaroM para aba bhI calAyA jAtA hai| yaha phavvAre raMga-biraMge bhI ho sakate haiM / mahArAjA ke samaya meM yaha chaTA dekhane yogya hotI thii|

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210 adhyAya 5 -- noti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI darzana bhI mila jAtA hai| isa vivAha meM balavaMtasiMhajI ne bahuta dAna diyaa| kavi-samudAya ke Upara to vizeSa kRpA kI kAre kAre kAlI ke se vAre matavAre pyAre , joradAra mAre ghUmeM nRpa ke niketa haiN| naddata dvirada nabha gajjata jaladda mAnoM , thala thala thalakata bhUtala saceta haiM / jinake calata mada chala chala chanakata , jhala jhala jhalakata suMDa muSa lete haiN| zrImaMta vrajeMdra balavaMta ke anaMda hota , ase gajarAja kavirAjana koM deta haiN| aura isI prakAra ke ghor3e bhI die / yaha balavaMtasiMhajI ke prathama vivAha kA varNana hai mahAmoda barase vividha, dIrgha dugga ke mAha / zrI vRjendra balavaMta ko, bhayo suprathama vivAha / / kavi kA AzIrvAda saMpati desa videmana kI sabai Aya basI balavaMta ke geha meM / suMdaratA suSa rAja darAja ganesa kahaiM vilasau nita deha meM / aura aMta meM likhA hai'baladeva naMda zrI vajendra balavaMtasiMha ciraMjIva hou mArakaMDe kI umara ke|' isa pustaka kI patra-saMkhyA 77 hai aura isameM vividha prakAra ke 224 chaMda haiN| yaha pustaka vilAyatI kAgaja para likhI huI hai jisameM vATaramArka hai _ 'jI bilamauTa meDa ina 1834 e. ddii.|' itihAsa-saMbaMdhI do pustakeM aura milIM-1 sujAnasaMvata, jo yadyapi padya meM hai kintu usakA mahattva aitihAsika hai| 2 alavara rAjya kA itihAsa / yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki matsya pradeza meM likhe vIra-kAvyoM meM bhI bahuta kucha aitihAsika sAmagro milatI hai| yaha dekhA gayA thA ki pratApa rAso pratApasiMhajI ke saMpUrNa jIvana kA eka prAmANika varNana upasthita karatA hai aura isI prakAra yadyapi sujAnacaritra pradhAna rUpa se yuddha-kAvya hai phira bhI usameM aneka aitihAsika bAtoM kA ullekha hai jo sUrajamalajI ke samaya meM ghaTita huiiN| sujAnasaMvat meM sUrajamalajI ke zAsanakAla kA pUrNa vivaraNa hai aura zivabakhzadAna ke banAye hue 'alavara rAjya kA itihAsa' meM maMgalasiMhajI ke samaya taka kA itihAsa

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 211 hai| isIliye ye donoM pustakeM itihAsa-prakaraNa meM lI gaI haiM / 1 sujAna saMvata--udaya rAma' kRta / kavi ne apanA nAma eka vicitra prakAra se diyA hai-- prAta sUra so hota hai, tAke Age rAma / dvaM juga achira cAri kari, sau kavitA ko nAma / / isase patA lagatA hai ki 'udairAma' kavi kA 'kavitA ko nAma' athavA upanAma hai| unakA asalI nAma kucha aura rahA hogA jo bahuta khojane para bhI mAlUma nahIM ho sakA / uparyukta dohe ke uparAnta likhA hai-- yaha baranana jAne kIyauM, nAma dharyo nija nAhiM / jAni lehu nara vara catura, pichale dohA mAMhi / / pichale dohe meM sUra kA 'udai' honA batAyA gayA hai aura usake Age 'rAma' rakhane ko kahA gayA hai / ina 'dvai juga' arthAt do joDoM ke cAra akSaroM se kavi kA kavitA nAma 'udairAma' banatA hai / AraMbha meM bhI kavi ke nAma kA kucha AbhAsa milatA hai, jaba ve stuti karate haiM vAkya vinAika nAi sira, sumari vipra sura saMta / gura-pada prema pratApa bala, vAnI vimala phuraMta // suMdari pravIna rUpa jauvana navIna sau hai , lIye kara vIna 'udai' aSila avgaahnii| caMdana car3hAyeM tana kuMdana sugaMdhana soM, sodhe vara cIra cAru caMcala dRga cAhinI // sohata sukumAra ura phUlana ke hAra bAra , beni soM sur3hAra motI jotI hasa vAhinI / vaso ura prAi mere kaMTha suSa pAi sadA , sahAya rahai kavina kula dAhinI // pustaka-nirmANa kA samaya isa prakAra diyA gayA hai SAMsa [pausa] mAsa ekAdasI, saMvata ThAharu bIsa , nRpa lIlA kari lai bhaye, kAna sujAna nahIsa / / manamati ko saMvAda yaha, saMvat syAma sujAna / kavi yAsai uradhAra kachu, kIyo kavita bakhAna / / , udayarAma (udarAma)--bhatti-kAvyoM meM isake tIna nATakoM kA ullekha ho cukA hai /

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212 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI saMvat 1820 sUrajamalajI kA nidhana-saMvat hai| isase yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki isa pustaka meM sUrajamalajI ke zAsanakAla kA pUrNa vivaraNa hai| ___ isa pustaka meM bAraha vilAsa haiM aura isa kAvya ko vIra-kAvya tathA itihAsa kA mizraNa samajhanA cAhie / isameM sujAna caritra se Age kI ghaTanAoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| sarasvatI kI vandanA ke uparAnta kavi apane isa kAvya kA prArambha karatA hai bhAratI bhamAnI jagarAnI bAka banI baiThi. kavina ke kaMThani kamalAsana bichaaiye| lake kavIna soM pravIna sura tAna mAna , karike sayAna pai sujAna guna gAiye / / ' pustaka ke 12 vilAsa isa prakAra haiM 1. sujAnasaMvata varanano nAma prathamo vilAsa, 2. jaduvaMsa-varnana, 3. jagamohana varNana / sUrajamalajI ke janmotsava kA varNana, 4. paratApa vIra varanana, 5. surAja varnana, 6. vividha, 7. girivara lIlA, 8. gar3havara varanana, 6. chaha ritu-rAja-varnana, 10. bRja vRndAvana phAga, 11. vija vivAha varanana (yuddhoM ke varNana sahita), 12. upasaMhAra (mRtyu)| sujAna saMvat kI jo prati hameM prApta huI vaha saMvat 1876 kI likhI huI hai 'mIti caitra sudi 14 bhRguvAsare saMvat 1876 zA0 1717 lISataM bahAmana tuhIrAmaH pArAsara / loSIyataM phaudAra harade phaudAra / patra 1 yaha eka dukhada prasaMga hai ki Aja ke kavi ina pUrvavartI kaviyoM kI racanA ko apanI maulika racanA batA kara janatA ko bhrama meM DAlate haiN| yaha kavitta maiMne svayaM eka acche kavi se unakI racanA ke rUpa meM sunA thaa|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko deta 213 saMkhyA 124 bharatapura madhya rAjasthAna' madhye / zrIrAmajI // ' isa pustaka ko prArambha karane kI prAjJA svayaM 'mati' ne 'mana' ko dI thii| isIlie yaha mana-mati kA saMdAda kahA gayA hai| yeka samai sRSa sovateM, sumana reMni avaseta / akasmAt kAhU kahI, ahai sujAna naresa / / aura phira mati eka sAdhu ke rUpa meM pAkara bolI 'madhura maMda bole bihasi, kari jaduvaMsa bakhAna / ' isI prasaMga ne kavi ko likhane kI preraNA dii| kavi ne apanA yaha vicAra apane guru se bhI nivedana kiyA thA aura gurujI ne isa vicAra ko zreyaskara batAyA nRpati sujAna sujAna smaanaa| aura na koI nRpa nara nAnA / / aura kahA tinameM jo yaha badana kumArA / kevala kAnha kalA avatArA / / isa pustaka meM sujAnasiMha jI ke saMpUrNa jIvana aura unake zAsanakAla kA varNana hai| pahale do vilAsoM meM vaMza kA varNana hai aura tIsare meM janmotsava kaa| isake pazcAt agale do vilAsoM meM sUrajamala jo ke pratApa, vIratA aura rAjya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| phira girivara (govarddhana) tathA kile Adi banavAne kA prakaraNa hai / 'chaha ritu', vraja Adi ke varNanoparAnta vijaya aura vivAha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha vilAsa bahuta bar3A aura mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki sUrajamalajI ke lagabhaga sabhI yuddhoM kA prasaMga isa meM A jAtA hai / antima vilAsa meM kavi sujAnasiMhajI ke svarga padhArane taka kA varNana kara detA hai| isa prakAra yaha 'sujAna saMvat' sujAnasiMhajo ke jovana kA pUrA vRtAnta hai aura unake jIvana se sambandhita lagabhaga sabhI bAteM A gaI haiN| sujAnasiMhajI kA dillI, jayapura Adi sabhI jagaha bahuta 'rauba' aura 'dabadabA' thaa| inake bala aura pratApa ko sabhI mAnate the yeka same pAmera-pati, dillI-pati ke pAsa / sudhi kara sUrajamalla kI, ura meM adhika hulAsa / . prAja se 150 varSa pUrva tuhIrAmajI ne bharatapura ko rAjasthAna madhye' likha kara eka vicitra bhaviSyavANI kii| rAjasthAna zabda bhI purAnA hai| / pratyeka vilAsa ke anta meM likhA hai-'sumana sukavi racitAyAM'

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214 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha itihAsa sambandhI bulavAyau jaisiMga jaba, siMhasujAna kumAra / tyArI kari tabahI gayo, jaipurapati-darabAra / / isa pustaka meM sujAnasiMhajI ke sAhasika kArya, yuddha, zAsana, dhArmika utsava, tyauhAra Adi ke varNana haiN| isa grantha se usa samaya kI rAjanaitika tathA sAMskRtika paristhiti kA sundara vivaraNa milatA hai| isameM alavara vAle pratApasiMhajI kA bhI varNana milatA hai jaba unheM DIga ke pAsa ThaharAyA gayA thaa| DIga ke lie likhA hai ati durghaTa baMkA nikaTa, nipaTa kaThina kamaThAna / dIraghapura gar3ha gar3hani meM, sabake gar3hata gumAna / / itanA kahane meM koI bhI atyukti nahIM ki yaha pustaka usa samaya kA itihAsa hai| sinasinI kA nikAsa isa prakAra batAyA hai - 'tIna jAti jAdavana kI, aMdhaka, vistI, bhoja / tIna bhAMti teI bhaye, te phira tinahI Seja / / pUrva janma je jAdava visnI / teI pragaTe prAi sinasinI // dUsarI itihAsa sambandhI pustaka bArahaTha zivabakhzadAna gajU kI' likhI alavara rAjya kA itihAsa hai| yaha itihAsa chandobaddha hai pustaka do bhAgoM meM hai| isa pustaka ke sambandha meM zAyada hI kucha loga jAnate hoM / maiMne ise alavara-nareza kI vyaktigata lAibrerI meM khoja kara nikAlA thaa| pustaka prAmANika mAlUma hotI hai kintu pustaka meM hI kucha aise kAraNa haiM jisase yaha grantha prakAza meM nahIM lAyA gyaa| yaha pustaka aneka prakAra ke chaMdoM meM hai-chaMda-saMkhyA 1416 hai| kucha phArasI ke chaMda bhI haiN| eka sAmAnya pravRtti ke anusAra isa pustaka ke prathama bhAga meM alavara ke rAjAoM kI vaMza paramparA mahArAja raghu se dikhAI gaI hai aura prathama bhAga ke antima aMza meM 'rAjagaDha ke rAva pratApasiMghajI' 1 bArahaTha kavi zivabakhza (1901-56 vi.) DiMgala ke bhI kavi the| inhoMne brajabhASA meM vRndAvana zataka, aura 'Sar3a Rtu' bhI likhe haiM / ye mahArAja maMgalasiMhajI ke sAtha rahate the / kahate haiM nimna do soraThoM para mahArAja ne inheM 500) ru0 kA pAritoSika diyA thA lar3avai latha vatthAha, jhar3aveM cakha Atasa jhaLAhaM / hAkila nava hatthAha, mAre nija hatthA maMgala / / rosAyala jama rUpa, ajakAyala sAmhA ur3e / / bhale vilAlA bhUpa, mAra siMha DAlA yathA /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 215 kA varNana AtA hai / dUsare bhAga meM pratApasiMhago tathA unase Age hone vAle rAjAoM kA varNana hai| pustaka ke prathama bhAga meM brajabhASA prayukta huI hai, kintu dUsare bhAga meM khar3o bolI aura sAtha ho urdU ke chaMda, jaise avala iSTha apane kA dhari citta dhyAna / karU masanavI makhtasira meM bayAna / diyA hukma kaptAna pauliTa sahAba / bahAdura vo , pIDillu' jinakA khitAba / / diyA hukma mujha pai yaha hoke khuzahAla / karo mukhtasira rAja alavara kA hAla / / tAtparya yaha hai ki pustaka eka aMgreja aphasara ke kahane para unnIsavIM sadI ke aMta meM likhI gii| isameM san 1864 I0 taka kA varNana milatA hai| mahArAja maMgalasiMhajI kA dehAnta san 1862 meM huaA thA aura unake uparAnta jayasiMhajo gaddI para baitthe| prathama bhAga ke kucha avataraNa lasata bAla vidhu bhAla meM, muMDamAla viSa vyAla / yA chavi soM mo mana basau, pazupati parama kRpAla // kavitta asana dhatUrA bhAMga basana baghaMvara ke , bhUSana bhujaMga prabhA pUriya apArA hai / proDhe gajakhAla kara kalita kapAla mUla , dhareM muMDa mAla ura udita udArA hai| kavi zivadatta puMDarIka se badana pAMca , zaMbhu ko rucira rUpa tInoM pura tArA hai| locana vizAla bhAla candramA virAjai cAru , candramA ke nikaTa virAjI gaMgadhArA hai / / isa pustaka meM pramukha ghaTanAoM kI vAstavika tithiyAM dI gaI haiN| yathA-- 'rAjA soraThadeva gaddI viraajai| mitI kAtika badI 10 sAla 1023 ke / ' 'bIjaladevajI devaloka huaA mitI sAvaNa sudI 4 saMvat 1306 / ' pustaka meM sthAna-sthAna para gadya bho hai ' kavi kA saMketa Captani P.W. Powlett kI aora hai jo 1874 I0 meM alavara ke sthAnApatra poliTikala ejeNTa the| inhoMne alavara, karaulI aura bIkAnera ke gajeTiyara likhe the| www.

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216 adhyAya 4 -- nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-sambandhI 'jaba te rAvarAjA pratAvasayaMgha janma pAyau / taba te rAja gar3ha meM mAnada adhikaayo| saMmata satrAsai pUrana samaya savAI jayasiMha suragavAsI bhye| uru inake pIche mahArAja isurIsyaMghajI varajora jaipura gaddI vrAja gye| tA kArana inate choTe baMdhu mahArAja mAdhosyaMgha pitA ke leSa pramAna rAjya ko dAvA kari aAmera pai pAe.........' kAvya kI dRSTi se isa pustaka ko bahuta acchA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, paraMtu isameM sandeha nahIM ki isameM dI huI ghaTanAeM aitihAsika haiN| alavara kA aisA acchA itihAsa zAyada hI koI aura ho / kavi apane sambandha meM likhatA hai ilAkaM jo alavara ke gUjUphI gAma / ki hai bArahaTha kauma zivabakhza nAma / / pratApasiMhajI ke bAre meM likhA hai diyA usako Izvara ne khuda akhtiyAra / kiye mauje r3hAI se DhAI hajAra / / ' alavara, bharatapura prakaraNa meM jaba pratApasiMha sUrajamala ke yahAM pahuMce, to likhA hai kahA kauna irazAda Aye yahAM / kahAM ke haiM saradAra jAte vahAM // inhoMne kahA rAva paratApa nAma / ki hai rAjagaDha mAcaher3I mukAma / / diyA bheja ke haladiyA chAjUrAma / / kiyA jATa se jAke isane salAma // huA jaba ki javhAra4 masanada nazIna / vamUjiba hukuma phauja thI lAkha tIna // jaba pratApasiMha ke bAda bakhtAvara siMha ko gaddI milI to lekhaka ne likhA hai bakhtAvara pATa paratApa ke biraajai| bAvana kiloM ke bIca zAdiyAne bAje // bakhtAvarasiMhajo ke viSaya meM bArahaThajI kA kathana hai husna jahAM hI hosalA, hai vhAM hI bhagavAna / khalka TaTolata khAka meM, bakhata TaTolata jAna / / unake sAtha meM bhI haldiyAvaMzotpanna nandarAmajI rahate the| zivabakhzajI 1 DhAI gAMva isa prakAra the-1 mAceDI, 2 rAjagaDha,3 prAdhA rAjapura-kUla DhAI gAMva / 2 chAjUrAma haldiyA pratApasiMhajI kA maMtrI thaa| 3 sUrajamala jATa--bharatapurAdhIza / 4 javhAra-javAharasiha / 5 javAharasiMhajI kI tIna lAkha phauja itihAsa-prasiddha bAta hai|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 217 ko jo unake do soraThe likhane para 500 ru0 inAma milA usakA varNana bhI apane isa itihAsa meM kiyA hai zera kI zikAra zauka karanI dila dhArI / kI gar3ha khuzAla sarisake kI tayArI // ' karika vaha hamalA ur3i phIla paM jyUM AyA / mAri maMgaleza bhUpa bIci hI girAyA // bArahaTha zivabakhza doya doharA sunaayaa| atA rupayA panja sada inAma pharamAyA // 2 pustaka meM eka jagaha jahAja kA varNana bhI AyA hai, jaba alavara nareza kalakattA se pAnI ke rAste se madrAsa gaye the dekhI vilAyata kI eka usameM gAya aisii| vaha thI hakIkata meM kAmadhenu jaisii| khalI khopare kI khAsa khAne ko dete / dila cAhA usI vakta dUdha kAr3ha lete / / kitane usameM bhare murga aura bheDI / cArasada karIba aMgreja maima leddii|| isa pustaka ko par3hane se patA lagatA hai ki zivabakhza ne asalI hAlAta dene kI ceSTA kI aura aMgreja kA hukma pA kara tathyoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se likhaa| yadi alavara kA prastuta itihAsa banAte samaya isa pustaka se sahAyatA lI jAtI to vAstava meM bahuta-sA saccA itihAsa prastuta ho sakatA thA / isa pustaka ke donoM bhAgoM meM, jo eka hI lekhaka dvArA likhe gaye haiM, bar3A antara hai / prathama bhAga meM brajabhASA aura hindI chanda tathA dUsare meM khar3I bolI aura urdU chaMda / pustaka ko samApti saMvat 1661 vi0 hai| mahArAja maMgalasiMhajI ko mRtyu hone para unake 'kAraja' kA varNana ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai laDDU rupayA dasta jisane proTa liinaa| takasIma rela ke musAphira taka kInA // ' sirasakA alavara zahara se 22 mIla dUra hai aura zera kI zikAra ke lie bahuta upayukta sthAna hai| pichale mahArAjA ne yahAM 'sirasakA pailesa' nAma kA eka sthAyI sthAna banavA diyA thaa| isakA zilAnyAsa to rAjA maMgalasiMhajI ne hI kara diyA thA / 2 dohare anyatra die gae haiN| ye soraThiyA dohare rAjasthAnI meM haiN| inase siddha hotA hai ki rAjA ko vikAra kA bahuta zauka thA /

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218 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-sambandhI birAje savAI jayasiMha rAjagaddI / dosta khuzahAla hue duzmanakula raddI / / pustaka kA prathama bhAga, kAvya kI dRSTi se, adhika acchA hai| isa bhAga meM sthAna-sthAna para gadya bhI milatA hai| brajabhASA gadya kA eka acchA namUnA dekhie 'asI salAha kara svaratha haTAya adhipati ko azva prArUr3ha karata bhaye / aru yAkI evaja ima pai asavAra rAva ratnasiMha ratalAmadhIza ke sIsa para chatra dharata bhaye / ' zikAra kA zauka sabhI rAjAoM ko rahA / zera, zUkara, Daka, magara aAdi kA zikAra Aye dina hotA rahatA thaa| zikAra ke lie bar3e-bar3e aMgrejoM ko bhI AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| zikAra ke lie kucha nizcita sthAna the jahAM kA kAma niyamita rUpa se barAbara calatA rahatA thaa| rAjyoM meM zikAragAha' nAma se eka alaga vibhAga rahatA thA / matsya ke rAjAroM meM zera kA zikAra bahata pracalita rhaa| karaulI ke rAjA talavAra se siMha kA zikAra karate hue sune gae haiM / bharatapura meM bAraiThA aura alavara kA sirasakA zera ke zikAra ke lie banavAe vizeSa sthAna haiM / cir3iyoM kA zikAra bhI hotA rahatA thA / bharatapura kA kevalAdeva Daka kI zikAra ke lie bahuta prasiddha hai| bhAratavarSa meM Daka-zUTiMga ke lie bharatapura kA kevalAdeva eka mazahUra sthAna hai| aMgrejoM ke jamAne meM gavarnara janarala tathA kamANDara-ina-cIpha ina cir3iyoM ke zikAra ke lie niyamita rUpa se bharatapura meM Ate the| bharatapura meM eka choTI chatrInumA imArata hai jisameM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki kisa zikAra meM kitane Daka mAre ge| 'baharI' kI sahAyatA se kI gaI vrajeMdra kI prAkheTa savArI dekhie calata savArI siradArI saba saMga leke , sIra zrI sikArina kI sAMcI hI sarati hai| mArata kabUtara DhUMDhi DhUMDhi prAsamAna meM te, bagulA ke jhagulA se phArike dharata hai| kahai jIvArAma karai bAja te sarasa kAja , taba TUTa phUTi kAhU paMchI paM parati hai| zrImati vajeMdra ju tumhAre kara meM te ur3i , baharI kulaMgana kI kiraceM karati hai / / yaha zikAra baharI cir3iyA kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai| isake lekhaka caube jIvArAma eka acche lipikAra the| sAtha hI 'sabhA-vilAsa' nAmakI eka

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216 matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena pustaka bhI dekhane meM AI jisakI racanA-tithi 1886 hai / ' zikAra ke kucha anya prasaMga dekhie dhaulI jo mIma sAtha thI kahane to phira lgii| hathanI bhI ye hamArI Aja kyoM nahIM bhgii| allAha aisI tamannA unakI nikAlanA / jinako ye hirsa ho kabhI unahI pai DAlanA / / vallAha yaka avAja jo saba loga pukaare| aisI jagaha se dila ne kahA vApisa pAiyai / / kalejA bhI uchala kara ke sIdhA muMha meM A gyaa| hayA ne kahA Thara golI to claaiye| uTha kara jo maiMne himmate maradAM ko sNbhaalaa| baMdUka uThAI to phira lagatI hI pAiye / / prae yAra aba isa najama kA to pA gayA assiir| pasa dUsarI tarakIba se kissA calAiye // yaha varNana san 1600 kA hai / kahA jAtA hai mahArAja jayasiMha ne ye paMktiyAM svayaM likhI thiiN| 18, 20 sAla ke isa zikArI rAjA kI bhASA dekhane yogya hai / mahArAja jayasiMha hindI aura urdU donoM meM likhA karate the| urdU meM ve apanA upanAma 'vahazI' rakhate the| maiMne inake dvArA likhI jo do noTa bukeM dekhI unameM hindI ke akSara bahuta spaSTa likhe hue haiN| zikAra kA Upara likhA varNana usI noTa buka se liyA gayA hai| caube jIvArAma balavaMtasiMha ke darabAra meM the| jamAdArI pAne ke lie inhoMne sabhAvilAsa, nAma kA eka graMtha likhA jisameM RtuoM kA sundara varNana hai / isa graMtha ko eka prArthanA-patra samajhanA cAhiye sarani jo pAvai tAko posana bharana karo , harana kalesa taiso avadha bihArI hai| jAkI prabhUtA kI sIlatA kI ko bar3AI kare , ho dukha dacha yaha nIti ura dhArI hai / / baDo upagArI jAkI kIrati ujyArI pyArI , zrImana vRjeMdra pe sahAya giradhArI hai| caube jIvArAma tAkI kIjaya jU jamAdArI , arajI hamArI jo 4 marajI tumhArI hai / alavara ke saMgraha meM bhI hameM isI prakAra kI eka anya hastalikhita pustaka milI jisakA nAma 'abhinava meghadUta' hai / yaha bhI eka prArthanA-patra ke rUpa meM hai /

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220 adhyAya 5 - nIti yuddha itihAsa - sambandhI zikArakhAne ke eka karmacArI ne zera kI zikAra para likhA hai hukama karolA pAya, bhaiMsA bAMdhyA samajha kara pahaucyA lazakara Aya, bhAla lagI kehari taraNIM // sajhayo bhUpa zikAra, leya dunAlI hAtha meM / dhana jaya zrI avatAra, vIrA rasa rASaraNa ghaNIM / chAMDe nAMhI rIta, mahArANi rAThora jI / hiye haraSa mana prIta, car3a cAlI prASeTa meM / / ghaNI dhirANI mudita mana gaNapati hiya haraSANa / hAla zikAra baSAniyoM, nija mati ke anumAna // isa zikAra meM mahArAnIjI bhI sAtha thiiN| zikAra-sambandhI kaI pustakeM mahArAja jayasiMhajI ke saMgraha meM milI, kintu ve san 1900 I0 ke bAda kI likhI gaI haiM ataeva unheM chor3a diyA gayA hai / ye kucha avataraNa bhI isI dRSTi se die gae haiM ki matsya kI riyAsatoM meM isa prakAra kI kAvya-pravRtti bhI calatI thI / ina racanAoM kA sAhityika athavA kAvyAtmaka mUlya cAhe bahuta kama ho kintu eka zikArI ke hAtha se likhI huI paMktiyAM apanA alaga hI mUlya rakhatI haiM / isa prasaMga meM do pustakoM kA varNana aura likha kara isa adhyAya ko samApta karane ko bAdhya honA par3atA hai kyoMki yadi anya prasaMga bhI ikaTThe kie jAyaM to choTI-bar3I bahuta-sI pustakeM isa adhyAya meM sthAna pAne kI adhikAriNI haiM / 1. sabhAvinoda - kavi sobhanAtha kRta / abhI-abhI jIvArAma ke sabhAvilAsa kA ullekha kiyA thaa| isameM aneka prasaMgoM ko lekara kavi ne apanI kAvya-pratibhA dvArA rAjA ko prabhAvita karane kI ceSTA kI thI / sobhanAtha kI isa pustaka 'sabhAvinoda' meM bahuta se vilakSaNa viSaya haiM jisameM 'pakSI - sAhitya' apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai / pakSiyoM ke sAtha vRkSa aura sarovara ke bhI uttama prasaMga haiM / graMthakartA ne yaha pustaka pAMca vilAsoM meM bAMTI hai 1. grahAktivarnano nAma prathamo vilAsaH 2. nAikA nAikokti dvitIyo vilAsaH 3. taravarokti tRtIyo vilAsaH 4. paMchI vilAsa caturtho vilAsaH 5. taraka tarovara sabhAvinoda paMcamo vilAsaH dohA saMkhyA 52 61 163 57 168

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kucha udAharaNa dekheM-- aura bhI matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena sAdara boleM hita kareM, deta pramola rasAla / sobha niraSi ke kokalA, rIjhata haiM chitipAla || bolata bulabula bostAM, saba paMchina ke bola / sobhA to siradAra laSi, rASaM samajha amola || pUrina te durabAsa / muraMga na rASai pAsa || 1 akar3a bhare Sodata lahaiM, sobha bar3e siradAra to, ati komala tana cokaneM, nara meM sobha viseSi / ko nahi mohe jagata meM, bAlana kI chavi deSi || tavA rUpa tacaI avani, sobha teja ke dhAM / kahalAye saba jIva to, pAyo grISama nAma // yaha pustaka 'rasarAsi rasika kisora gurudeva' kI preraNA se sobhanAtha ne likhI / pustaka kI rUpa-rekhA aura avataraNoM se spaSTa hai ki isa pustaka meM kavi dvArA prakRti-varNana kA uttama prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| pazu, pakSI, latA, vRkSa, sarovara, kamala Adi prakRti- upAdAnoM ko mAnavI bhAvanAoM sahita pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / niHsaMdeha kavi kA prayAsa bahuta hI prazaMsanIya hai / do dohe aura dekhie - dIragha daraseM darasanI, sobha liye kilakAna | ko Thaharai iha lAga teM, haga baliSTha e bAMna // suddha prabhA mana bhAvanI, bhramara adhika darasAta / laSi kamalana sobhA sarasa, prati hI nena sirAta // isa pustaka meM sobhanAthajI ne apane sambandha meM bahuta-sI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / sabase pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki ye kavi mahodaya basuvA' ke rAjA zrita the / pustaka nirmANa-kAla brAhma pragaTa kanaujiyA, kanavaja maMDala bAsa / rahyo DhuMDhAhari meM abhe, basuvA ke nUpa pAsa || 221 saMvata aTThAraha sataka, barasa aura unatIsa / mAgha zakla terasi bhago, puSya nakSatra lahIsa // bahuta samaya taka basuvA alavara rAjya meM rahA / eka samaya aisA bhI zrAyA jaba isakA AdhA bhAga alavara meM thA aura AdhA jayapura meM 1

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222 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI kavi ke likhe anusAra yaha unakA 26vAM graMtha haiM--- graMtha kiyau unatIsavoM, yaha mana Ani pramoda / taraka sarovara nAma hai, dUjo sabhAvinoda // 1 taraka sarovara par3hata hI, jIte sabhAvinoda / rAjI kari rAjAnaka, suSa pAvai cahU kora / sobha mile bar3a bhAva teM, hama kauM gurU kisora / zakti daI kavitA karana, mAni lahI cahU aora / / ye mahAzaya rAjArAma ke putra kAnyakubja bhAradvAja the bharadvAja kula meM pragaTa, bhaye su rAjArAma / sAta putra jinake bhaye, paMDita dhanI udAma / / cArina teM laghu kavi pragaTa, sobhanAtha hai nAma / guru kai bhAina tai lahyau, gurU dhyAna avirAma / / 'sabhAvinoda' meM sabhA meM vijaya prApta karane kI yukti batAI gaI hai| sAtha hI prakRti-citraNa ke bhI sundara udAharaNa die gae haiM 2. lAla SyAla-yaha graMtha lAla nAmaka cir3iyA ke bAre meM haiM / lAla-saMgrAma rAjAoM kA eka manovinoda hotA thA aura isa pustaka meM yahI dikhAyA gayA hai ki isa cir3iyA ke yuddha meM kyA-kyA taiyAriyAM kI jAtI thIM aura kisa prakAra yuddha karAyA jAtA thA / durbhAgya se isa pustaka ke racayitA kA patA nahIM 1 kavi ne isa pustaka ke do nAma likhe haiM---'taraka tarovara' tathA 'sabhAvinoda' isa pustaka ke atirikta kavi ke kama se kama aThAIsa graMtha aura hone caahieN| bahuta kucha khoja karane para bhI abhI taka aura koI grantha nahIM mila sake hai| kavi kI ukti tathA sabhAvinoda ke dekhane se pragaTa hotA hai ki kavina cAroM ora mAna prApta kiyA hogaa| 2 yaha hastalikhita pustaka vicitra hai / udAharaNa ke lie--- 1. isameM akSara kyA haiM--pratyeka akSara eka citra hai| 2. akSara bahuta hI moTe haiM aura kucha to dohare karake likhe gae haiN| bIca meM raMga bhara diyA ___ gayA hai| 3. pratyeka pRSTha para 7-8 taraha ke raMga pAe jAte haiN| 4. alaga-alaga paMktiyoM meM alaga-alaga raMga haiN| 5. virAma cinha bhI alaMkRta haiM, jaise duharI pAI meM kahIM gehU~ kI bAla ke samAna aura kahIM lAla nAmaka cir3iyA kI prAkRti ke samAna cinha banAe gae haiN| jagaha-jagaha alaga namane die gae haiN| 6. isa prati meM 187 patra haiN| aMta meM likhA hai 'samApIta grantha subha' 'lAla dhyAla yaha nAma hai, jAnata sakala jihAna / adavata kathA prasaMga kI, yA to adavRta mAna / / ' 7. isa pustaka meM virAma tathA akSaroM ke banAne meM lAla ciDiyA ke citra kA prayoga bahutAyata se kiyA gayA hai|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 223 laga sakA phira bhI isameM saMdeha nahIM ki isa pustaka kI racanA balavaMtasiMhajI ke Azraya meM kI gaI - sohai bAga suhAmanI, braja meM parama rasAla / bhogau balamata lADalau, dhAre rUpa hI jAla // doharI pAI do cir3iyoM ke choTe citroM se lagAI gaI haiM, jo lAla cir3iyA ke se citra mAlUma hote haiM / * jAno balamaMta syIMgha lAla hai jaMga jItave kau bIrA vIra kou kina zrAvai vIrA kIrA sama lAge moya yAhI te garUra bharI vAnI ko dahAra hai || mIrA karau tI aMga jama parau sorA khAu, ura maiM hI nAma hI kI cAha jora mAre hai / tIrA mana dhIrA bhalI coMca banI hIrA sama cIrA hai lAlana ke SIrA sama phAra hai || kavi kA kahanA hai anUThau sama bar3au : 1 dhAra hai / lAlana ke saMgrAma kI, baranI kavina aneka | mela milAtI maiM kahI, yaha pradavRta rasa leSa || nau rasa kI subha kathA, lAlana maiM sarasAya / maiM sIkhI kavitAna pai, baranI tine sunAya / kavijana sAgara madhura ke, kaMja rUpa tuma aMga / bhUlo tAya samAriyo, dhArai prema prasaMga // pAlI pAlI jAnakai TAla, kayau so hAla / aura joTa hAjara bhaI, musikAye mahipAla // isa prakAra lAloM kI aneka joTeM eka ke pazcAt eka upasthita kI jAtI thIM aura unheM lar3AyA jAtA thA / pustaka meM lekhana kI aneka prazuddhiyAM haiM / choTe 'u' kI mAtrA purAne DhaMga se hI lagAI gaI hai / aneka sthAnoM meM vartanI kI zuddhiyAM haiN| pustaka kA Arambha isa prakAra hotA hai 'zrI gaNesAyanama - - bhane nama / suraja varnana / ' kavitta terI jo prakAsa tAkI suMdara prakAsa gata, zrAvata hI avanI meM hota hai prarAma lAla / devaloka dAnava ke jakSana ta~ kinara ke nara ke jiteka loka mAnata haiM caina jAla // ghAma ghAma dhArA jAta adhika prarAma kAma, pUrana prakAsa pAna punyana ke hota DhAla / eho deva deva suna gyAna deva jatka rUpa, jAgata hI jAko saba somata hI somaiM hAla //

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224 adhyAya 5 - nIti, yuddha, itihAsa-saMbaMdhI grISama bItI rita gaI, gaI pataMgI bhAma / aba barasA pAhI praghaTa, tAko suna anurAga / / barasA mai bahu Sela, naranArI kheleM praghaTa / tAme rasa ko mela, lAla SyAla varanana krau|| kavi sabhI prakAra ke lAloM kA varNana karane meM asamartha hai / kevala 'sAhaba ke lAla' kA hI varNana karanA cAhatA hai saba lAlana ko barana ta, bAr3he grantha apAra / tAtai sAhaba lAla ko, baranI kara niradhAra / / sAhaba ke lAla-balaSa buSAre ko pAtasAha balaSa buSArai eka pAtasA savArI jAta , UTa parau prAna bhae saba gAta haiN| yAhI ko calAya dena cAla nahIM Soyo gayo, jaise sunamAna laI jhUThI jaga bAta hai| eka lAla kauna kahai chor3e haiM aneka lAla , sAhaba ke lAlana kI aisI bar3I jAta hai| kauna lAla kauna bhayo kauna jAne kauna rIta , deSo aba jAkI jaga dhvajA phairAta hai / / sAhaba lAla aneka haiM, varan sake kavi kauna / grantha bar3e vIstAra pai, tAtai gahI mata mauna // isa prakAra isa pustaka meM sAhaba ke lAla aura unakI joToM kA varNana hai| lAla-saMgrAma isakI vizeSatA hai| isa adhyAya ke aMtargata matsya meM prApta vividha prakAra kA sAhitya upasthita kiyA gayA hai / iname se pratyeka kI apanI-apanI vizeSatA hai, kintu yuddha tathA itihAsa sambandhI sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / 1. isameM kAvya ke sAtha hI aitihAsika mahattva sarvatra milatA hai| varNana atyanta prAmANika haiM aura itihAsa dvArA satya siddha hotA hai| 2. isa sAhitya meM atizayoktipUrNa kavitA kama milatI hai| bhUSaNa jaise rASTrIya kavi bhI isase mukta nhiiN| vIragAthA kAla vAle kaviyoM kA to kahanA hI kyA hai / kintu isa pradeza kI tathyapUrNa varNana-zailI ko kabhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA / vIratA kA bakhAna karate samaya kucha bar3hAvA bhale hI huvA ho kintu nAma, sthAna, saMkhyA, tithi Adi ke bAre meM kavi bahuta satarka rahe haiN|

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 225 3. rAjasthAna kA yaha prAnta jaise vIratA kA apanA svataMtra astitva rakhatA hai, usI prakAra yahAM kI yuddha-sambandhI kavitA bhI U~ce darje kI huI / hamArA to anumAna hai ki matsya kA yaha vIra - sAhitya gaurava ke sAtha apanA mastaka U~cA kara sakatA hai / 4. rAjAoM kA manovinoda to calatA hI rahatA thA, kintu usake sAtha kaviyoM dvArA prastuta varNana kI sUkSmatA aura prakRti kA nirIkSaNa bahuta sundara bana par3A hai| sabhI bAtoM kA vicAra karate hue hameM mAnanA par3atA hai ki yahAM ke kavi vAstavikatA aura svAbhAvikatA kI ora adhika ke hue the /

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adhyAya 6 gadya - grantha gadya kA prayoga manuSya-jIvana ke sAtha rahA hai / jaba se manuSya ne bolanA sIkhA tabase vaha gadya bolatA AyA hai / yaha avazya hai ki isakA likhita rUpa kama milatA hai / purAnA padya mila jAyegA, kintu purAnA gadya 'numAyazI cIja' ho kara hamAre sAmane AtA hai / hajAra varSa pahale kA padya hameM utanA prabhAvita nahIM karatA jitanA pAMca sau varSa pahale kA gdy| isakA sabase bar3A kAraNa hai gadya ke likhita rUpa kA abhAva / isameM sandeha nahIM ki manuSya pArasparika sambhASaNa meM gadya kA prayoga karate Aye haiM aura jaba koI samAcAra Adi likhane hote haiM taba gadya kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu prAyaH sAmayika hone ke kAraNa gadya meM sthAyitva nahIM hotA / kArya ho jAne ke pazcAt tatsambandhI gadya vyartha ho jAtA hai, ata: naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai / isake viparIta kAvya meM sthAyitva ke lakSaNa hote haiM-acchA kAvya saba kAla aura saba dezoM ke lie hotA hai aura isI kAraNa vaha adhika samaya taka banA rahatA hai| padya kI apanI kucha vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM jo ise sthAyitva pradAna karatI haiN| padya meM kAvya kA guNa pAne para eka camatkAra utpanna ho jAtA hai jisake likhane, par3hane aura sunane meM Ananda prAtA hai| pahale to vaidyaka, jyotiSa, gaNita, vijJAna Adi kI pustakeM bhI padya meM ho likhI jAtI thIM kyoMki unheM yAda rakhane meM saralatA hotI thii| Aja kI vidyA 'pustakasthA' hai kintu usa samaya jaba mudraNa-yantra kA AviSkAra nahIM huA thA, bahuta-sA kAma maukhika hI hotA thA aura isa rUpa meM gadya kI apekSA padya adhika suvidhAjanaka hotA hai / matsya pradeza meM gadya kA pracAra utanA hI pAyA gayA jitanA hindI bhASAbhASI anya pradezoM meM / isameM sandeha nahIM ki usa samaya bhI yaha bAta svIkAra kI jAtI thI ki vyAkhyA karane meM padya kI apekSA gadya ke dvArA AsAnI hotI hai aura isI kAraNa kisI bAta ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie sthAna-sthAna para gadya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| matsya-sAhitya kI khoja karane para gadya kA prayoga aneka rUpoM meM pAyA gyaa| pramukha ye haiM 1. upaniSad granthoM ke sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM / 2. pustakoM kI prastAvanA ke rUpa meN| yaha prathA apekSAkRta kama hI thii| sAdhAraNata: pustaka ke prathama adhyAya, sarga, ullAsa, prakAza, prabhAva, vilAsa, taraMga, mayUkha, Adi dvArA prastAvanA kArya sampAdita kiyA jAtA

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 227 thaa| unameM varNana kA mAdhyama padya hI rahatA thA jo pustaka ke Age ke adhyAyoM se saMbaMdhita hotA thaa| isa prakAra kA prastAvanA-aMza pustaka kA aMga hI samajhanA caahie| 3. kisI pustaka kA prArambha tathA anta karate samaya usase saMbaMdhita sUcanA dene ke rUpa meM ki ka pustaka kA nAma kyA hai| kha racayitA kauna hai| ga nirmANa kisa saMvat meM huaa| gha lipikAra kA nAma aura patA / r3a lipibaddha karane kA samaya / ca kisake lie likhA gyaa| cha likhane kA samaya kyA hai| ja likhane kA prayojana Adi, Adi / prArambha me gaNeza, sarasvatI athavA kisI anya devI-devatA ke lie namaskAra / kabhI-kabhI graMtha kA nAma aura racayitA kA nAma bhii| 4. pustaka ke pratyeka sarga, adhyAya Adi ke aMta meM pustaka kA nAma, racayitA kA nAma aura usa sarga athavA adhyAya ke varNya-viSaya kA saMketa hotA thaa| yaha sUcanA bahuta upayogI siddha hotI hai___ ka adhyAya vizeSa ke varNya-viSaya kA patA lagAne meN| kha apUrNa pustaka hone para pustaka kA nAma Adi jAnane meM / 5. kahIM-kahIM pustakoM ke bIca meM kisI bAta ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie bhI gadya kA prayoga hotA thaa| aisA mAnA jAtA thA aura aba bhI yaho dhAraNA hai ki jahAM taka kisI bAta kI vyAkhyA karane kA prazna hai padya kI apekSA gadya kI zakti adhika hai / ata: kaThina prasaMgoM ko samajhAne ke lie gadya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / gadya kA yaha rUpa rIti-grantha, itihAsa-grantha, kathA-graMtha Adi meM milatA hai| 6. gadya kI svatantra pustakeM jinameM nimna prakAra kI pustakeM milatI haiM ka kisse, 'SIsA', 'SissA', kahAniyAM Adi / kha niiti-prtipaadn| ga siMhAsana-battIsI, hitopadeza Adi ke anuvAda / www.jainelib

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228 adhyAya 6- gadya-grantha gha akalanAme, sAmAnya jJAna karAne vAlI pustakeM / Da nAgarI meM likhA huA urdU gadya / 7. hiMdI-saMskRta granthoM ko TokA, artha Adi ke rUpa meM / 8. prAcIna kAla ke hukmanAme, saMdhipatra, kharIte aAdi ke rUpa meM saMcita saamgrii| yaha sAmagro bahuta mUlyavAna hotI thI aura rAjA tathA anya loga inakA saMgraha sAvadhAnI ke sAtha karate the| 6. rukke, paravAne Adi jo kucha logoM ke pAsa prAja bhI surakSita haiM / ye kinhI bAtoM ke pramANa rUpa meM die jAte the| 10. anya gadya ke namUne jo sAmAnya vyavahAra kI sAmagrI haiM aura jo kisI kAraNa vizeSa se upalabdha ho jAte haiM, jaise -patra Adi / usa samaya kI prApta gadya-sAmagrI ke AdhAra para nIce likhe niSkarSa nikalate haiM (a) prApta patroM ke AdhAra para mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya nAgarI tathA phArasI donoM lipiyoM kA pracAra thaa| phArasI lipi ko pradhAnatA hone para bhI nAgarI ko upekSA nahIM thii| kinhIM-kinhIM patroM meM phArasI aura nAgarI donoM lipiyAM pAI jAtI haiM, yadyapi bhASA phArasI hai / (A) usa samaya hijarI tathA vikramI donoM saMvat cAlU the| urdU, phArasI ke patra tathA graMthoM meM bhI vikrama saMvat milatA hai / hiMdI ko pustakoM meM prAyaH vikrama saMvat hI pAyA jAtA hai| kucha sthAnoM meM zaka saMvat bhI diyA gayA hai| (i) usa samaya kA gadya vrajabhASA se hI prabhAvita hai| matsya-pradeza meM bhI jahAM bolacAla kI bhASA vraja se bhinna rahI hai, upalabdha gadya kA adhikAMza vrajabhASA meM hI hai| ho sakatA hai usa samaya sAhityika kArya ke lie vrajabhASA kA ho prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA ho| prAyaH dekhane meM AtA hai ki sAhitya kI bhASA se bolacAla kI bhASA bhinna rahatI hai, iso niyama ke anusAra isa pradeza meM bhI bolacAla kI bhASA anya rahane para bho likhane meM vrajabhASA kI aora hI dhyAna rahatA thaa| alavara kI kucha racanAoM meM kabhI-kabhI alavariyApana mila jAtA hai--jaise 'Na' kA prayoga 'na' ke sthAna meM athavA 'yaha' ke sthAna meM 'yA~' kA prayoga, athavA 'kyA' ke sthAna meM 'kAMI' Adi / kintu prApta sAhitya ke AdhAra para isa pravRtti ko niyama kI apekSA apavAda hI mAnA jA sakatA hai /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 226 (I) anya pradezoM ko hI taraha yahAM bhI gadya-sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM nahIM milatA aura usake dvArA kisI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa uddezya ko pUrti bhI nahIM hotii| samaya-samaya para aAvazyakatA ke anusAra sAdhAraNa rUpa meM gadya kA prayoga hotA rahA / 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA' meM paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda aojhA ne rAjasthAna meM prayukta hone vAlI 7 boliyAM-mAravAr3I, mevAr3I, bAgar3I, DhUMDhAr3o, hADautI, mevAtI aura vraja batAI haiN| matsya meM vrajabhASA ko hI pracuratA hai / bharatapura, dhaulapura tathA karaulI jiloM kI to yaha bhASA hai hI, sAtha hI alavara ke pUrvI bhAga meM bhI isI kA prayoga hotA hai / alavara aura bharatapura ke mevAta pradeza meM mevAtI bolI jAtI hai jo apanI karNa-kaTutA tathA vizeSa lahaje se jAnI jA sakato hai / vikrama kI aThArahavIM sadI ke aMta meM tathA unna savIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM kavi 'kalAnidhi' ne hindI sAhitya ko aneka bahumUlya grantha-ratna pradAna kiye| unhIM ke dvArA 18vIM zatAbdI ke gadya kA namUnA bhI prApta hotA hai| kavi ne 'upaniSadsAra' nAma kA eka graMtha gadya meM rcaa| isameM 'taittirIya, mANDUkya, kena Adi upaniSadoM ke sUtroM kI vyAkhyA hindI meM kI gaI / isa pustaka kA eka namUnA sUtra-'athAto brahmajijJAsA' vyAkhyA-'yAko artha nitya aru anitya ina vastuna ko samujhivI aru zama damAdika aru vairAgya aru mokSa kI icchA yeyoM cAri sAdhana haiN| ina cArayau sAdhana siddhi bhaye uparAnta yAhi hetu teM brahma kI jijJAsA kahai jAnine kI icchA tAsauM zravaNa manana nididhyAsana kari avidyA nAza bhaye aparokSa sAkSAtkAra brahma ko sUcita kara cau|' hitopadeza ko hindI gadya meM likhane ke aneka prayAsa hue| 18vIM sado kA eka namUnA dekhie jise karaulI rAjya ke Azrita devIdAsa ne prastuta kiyA thA / zlokoM ke anuvAdoM meM prayukta gadya kA rUpa dekhanA ucita hogaa| yaha eka prakAra se una zlokoM kI, unake zabdoM sahita, TIkA bhI hai'atha surada bheda liSate hA- rAjaputra ase kahatu, sunoM ju sadgura dhIra / ___ jaba hamakU icchA bhaI, surada bheda sukha gIra / / puna rAjaputrana viSNu zarmA soM kahI-aho guru mitralAbha to hama sunyau| aba surada bheda kathA sunive kI IcchA hai / taba bisana saramA kahatu hai duho- samai aika sidha vana viSe, baDhyo barada suM neha / duSTa Ara sI karI, barada, marAvata leU / /

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230 adhyAya 6-gadya-grantha bAta-bisana saramA kahatu hai eka samai vana meM barada aru siMgha bADhayau saneha / duSTa lobhI syAra unaka saneha dUra kraayau| taba rAjaputrana kahI yaha kaisI kathA hai| taba visna saramA kahata hai dachina desa meM sumatitilaka nAma nagara hai| tihAM baradhamAna nAmaka banIyA bs| jadyapa vAkai bahuta dhana hai / tadyipi vAko aura banIyAM ke dhana bahuta IcchA bhaI / bAta- aru jAkai thorI tisanA hoya / dhIrajavaMta sayAMno hoya / sUra jyUM pachi chAMhI nAhI chAkai tyUM sAhiba kI sevA na chAkai AgyA pAya Ujara nAMhI karai / so rAjA ke nikaTa jAya rahai / zloka-upAyena hi yacch kyaM na tacchakyaM parAkramaH / kAkyA kanaka sUtreNa kRSna so nipAtitaH / / jAte ju kAraja upAya kara hoI / su bala te kabaU na hoI / jAte eka kAganI sone ke sUtra kari kAlo sAMpa mrvaayo| taba karakaTa kahI yaha kaisI kathA hai .." isa gadya meM kucha vizeSa bAteM dikhAI detI haiM, jaise1. zabdoM ke rUpa bahuta bigar3e hue haiM / saMskRta kA 'suhRda' 'surada' rUpa meM haiM / tRSNA 'tisanA' raha gaI hai| 2. zabdoM kA rUpa sthira nahIM hai, eka ho zabda kaI prakAra se likhA gayA hai, jaise 1 viSNu, visana, bisanu, visna / 2 yadyapi, jadyapa, jdypi| 3. ikArAnta aura IkarAnta kA bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA / 4. kriyAnoM ke rUpa aneka prakAra ke milate haiM / 5. laya-gItAtmakatA bhI hai aru jAkai thorI tisanA hoy| dhIrajavaMta sayAMno hoya / / yaha dekhane kI bAta hai ki yaha prAja se 200, 225 varSa pahale ke gadya kA namUnA hai, phira bhI samajhane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI hai| isake uparAnta rIti-kAvyoM meM aneka prakaraNa aise haiM jinameM gadya kA prayoga sthAna-sthAna para kiyA gayA hai / goviMdAnandaghana kA eka udAharaNa dekheM atha abhinava gupta pAdAcarja ko tatva lakSNa-- (rasa kI vyAkhyA karate hue) 'rasikani ke citta meM pramudAdi kAraNa rUpa kari ke|| vAsanA rUpa kari ke

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 231 sthiti || nATya ke kAvya viSe vibhAva anubhAva saMcArI bhAva sAdhAraNatA karikai prasiddha / laukika || nikara ke pragaTa kInoM huvau / mere zatru ke udAsIna ke mere nahI, satru ke nahIM udAsIna ke nahIM / yAhI teM sAdhAraNa / jahAM svIkAraparihAra nahIM so sAdhAraNa / sAdhAraNa upAya bali kari ke tatachina utapatti bhayau / zrAnandasvarupa | viSayAMtararahita / svaprakAsa amita jo bhAva / sva svarUpa kI sI nAMhI / nyAro nahIM to hU jIva ne viSaya konI huvI | vibhAvAdika kI sthiti jAko jIva te prAMnada vRti jAke prANa / prayAna kara nyAya karike / anubhava kInoM huvau prAgArI phurata so / hRdaya meM dharata sau| aMga kI prAgiti sau aura jJAna ko chipAvata sau / parabrahma asvArada ko tajAvata sau | ' alokika camatkAra kareM jo ityAdi sthAI bhAva so rasa / / so nava vidhi prazna - - sAMti kachu kaiseM / uttara -- sAMti kAvya maiM kahiyata nATya maiM nahIM yAte // isa gadya avataraNa meM hama dekhate haiM ki - 1. vicAra grahaNa meM kucha kaThinAI hotI hai, jisakA eka kAraNa abhinavagupta ke gahana vicAroM kA gumphita honA bhI ho sakatA hai / 2. kucha zabdoM ke rUpa zuddha saMskRta haiM - tattva, lakSaNa, parihAra, AsvAda, svarUpa, viSayAMtara ityAdi / 3. 'phurata sauM', 'dharata sauM', 'AliMgata sau', 'chipAvata sauM', 'tajAvata sauM' Adi se tukabaMdI kI praNAlI lakSita hotI hai / yaha praNAlI bahuta samaya taka calatI rahI aura paM0 mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ke samaya meM hI isakA pUrNa parihAra huA / 'mahArAjAdhirAja vRjendra raNajItasiMha kumAra zrI baladeva siMha hetave' zrI dharAnaMda kavIza kRta 'sAhitya-sAra-saMgraha-citAmariNa' nAmaka graMtha / isa pustaka kaI prabhAe~ haiM / yaha pustaka apUrNa milatI hai / tIsarI prabhA para hI jahAM 'dhvani' Adi kA varNana cala rahA hai, graMtha gradhUrA raha jAtA hai|' isameM 'vacanikA' nAma se gadya diyA huA hai / + isa pustaka kI kevala 3 prabhAe~ hI upalabdha ho sakIM / 1. piMgalanirUpaNa / 2. kAvya prayojana, kArana svarUpaH sabdArtha vizeSa nirNaya nirUpaNa / 3. dhvani prasaMga - 287 chaMda se Age nahIM calatA / (zeSa TippaNI pU. 232 para dekheM)

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232 dUsarI prabhA se : vacanikA -- 'kAvya ko mUla kAraNa guru devatA prasAda janita saMskAra so zakti jAniye / zAstra kahive teM chaMda koza vyAkaraNa jAni ina ke dekhete caturatA hoi so caturatA / kavi kAlidAsAdika ina kI racanA dekhanoM rUpa siddhatA tAte hoi so zrabhayAsa / abhyAsa kahA ki dekhiye vicAriva meM bAraMbAra pravRtti / e tInoM mili kAvya ke kArana haiM / vastu teM tau kAvya ko kAraNa mukhya zakti hI hai / yAhI teM zakti ko kAvya kI mUla kAraNatA kahI zradhyAya 6 gadya-grantha ... yaha spaSTa hai ki Upara likhA gadya bahuta kucha sugama hai aura samabhane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI / isa pustaka meM isa prakAra ke bahuta se udAharaNa haiM / prasiddha kavi somanAtha kRta 'rasapIyUSa nidhi' meM prayukta gadya kA namUnA bhI dekheM / vIbhatsa rasa kA udAharaNa de kara usameM vibhAva Adi kA spaSTIkaraNa a. aisA pratIta hotA hai yaha pustaka bahuta bar3I thii| jo aMza prApta huA hai aura jisa vistAra ke sAtha kAvya-siddhAntoM ko samajhAyA gayA hai usake AdhAra para pUrI pustaka ke grAkAra kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / prApta 3 prabhAvoM kI patra saMkhyA 135 hai / grA. isa rItigrantha meM aneka kaviyoM ke udAharaNa die gae haiN| siddhAnta nirUpaNa meM kAvyaprakAza kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai / pustaka kA kavikRta maulika aMza gadya meM hI hai / ataeva ise gadyagranthoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai / I. piMgala samajhAte samaya kavivara somanAtha kI taraha inhoMne bhI aneka citra zrAdi die haiN| pahAr3a, varga, pakSI zrAdi aneka prakAra se piMgala ko samajhAyA gayA hai / jahAM kavi ne apane chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai vahAM 'svakRta' likha diyA hai / kavitA kI dRSTi se inakI racanA acchI hotI thii| udAharaNa- 'svakRta--- madajala maMDita gaMDa caMDa lagi caMcarIka gana / halata suMDa manu DhUMDa vividha jihi pUjata suragana // sesa daMta mada bhaktavaMta sobhita ataMka gati / sevita zeSa sureza nareza dvijeza mahAmati // siMdUra pUra sobhita badana, sadana buddhi bhavabhaya haraNa | indrAdi deva vaMdita carana, laMbodara kavi jana sarana // '

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'matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 'kiyA gayA hai / " 'ihAM caMDikA aura daSani vArI grAlaMbana vibhAva zraura prAMtani kI cacauravo uddIpana vibhAva aura deSana vAre ke vacana anubhAva aura asuyA saMcArI bhAva inataM zrAni sthAyI bhAva vyaMgi tAtai vIbhatsa rasa / ' isameM saMdeha nahIM ki kavi dvArA prayukta gadya artha bahuta hI spaSTa ho gayA hai / bhASA meM bhI ulajhAvaTa nahIM hai / kintu vAkya kriyAhIna haiM / ise hama yadi ! TippaNI ke rUpa meM mAna leM to koI hAni nahIM hotI, kyoMki isa gadya kA uddezya bhI yahI hai ki yadi kisI ko kucha saMdeha ho to bAta spaSTa ho jAya / 59 kAvya-siddhAnta-nirUpaNa ke prasiddha graMtha " bhASAbhUSaNa" kI saMpUrNa TIkA alavara ke mahArAjA vinayasiMhajI ne kI hai / pustaka meM apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai 'jasa jAgata jasavaMtta valI, nRpa bhASAbhUSaNA kauM racata / * rAjAdhirAja vaSatesa suta, vinasihaM TIkA karata // - isa dohe se pratIta hotA hai ki vinayasiMhajI usa samaya taka siMhAsana para nahIM baiThe the / zrataeva unake dvArA banAI gaI bhASAbhUSaNa kI isa TIkA kA -samaya saMvat 1871 se pahale honA cAhie / TIkA kA eka namUnA dekhie -23:3 "vighana harana tuma ho sadA, ganapati hohu sahAya / vinatI kara jora kareM, dIjeM grantha banAya || TIkA 'he ganapati tuma sadA vighana ke harana hAre ho / merI sahAya hohu, hAtha jora tuma vinatI karauM hauM / yaha graMtha saMpUrana banAya dIjai / prathama graMthAraMbha meM iSTa deva kau manAiye / tahAM maMgalAcarana tIna prakAra kau hota hai / vastu nirdezAtmaka, AzIrvAdAtmaka, namaskArAtmaka udAharaNa kA chaMda ye hai 1 " itahI pracaMDa raghunaMdana udaMDabhuja, utai dasakaMTha bar3hi Ayo ruDa DAri ke / somanAtha kahai rana maMDayau phara maMDala maiM. nAcyo rudra zroNita sauM aMgani paSAri ke / meda gUda carabI kI kIca macI mevanI meM - bIca bIca DoleM bhUta bhairoM muMDa dhAri ke / cAina sauM caMDikA cabAti caMDa muMDana kau daMtani sauM pratani cacore kilakAri ke || , ,

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234 adhyAya 6 - gadya-graMtha jahAM iSTadeva ko vastu svarUpa guNa ityAdi varanana kIjai so vastunirdezAtmaka / so vastu nirdeza to saba hI jagai pAvai / parantu vastu nirdeza meM jaya zabdAdi liye hoya tahAM AzIrvAdAtmaka / jaise 'kesavadAsa nivAsa nidhi' ihAM AzIrvAdAtmaka / 'namaskAra kari jori kai kahai mahAkavirAya' ihAM namaskArAtmaka / merI bhava bAdhA harau...... hoI // TI0 ihAM kevala vastu nirdezAtmaka / ihAM kara joravau yaha zabda pAyau tAtai ihAM vastu nirdeza ke aMtarbhUta namaskArAtmaka maMgalA carana hai // 1 // " eka aura udAharaNa "sukiyA pati sauM pati kahai, parakIyA upapatti / vaisuka nAyaka kI sadAM, ganikA sau hita ratti // TIkA sukiyA ke pati sauM pati kahai hai| parakiyA ke pati sauM upapati kahai haiM-vesyAM ke pati sauM vaisaka kahai hai||| 8 // anukUla 1 dakSana 2 saTha 3 ghRSTa 4 / dhIrodAtta 1 dhIramRdu 2 dhIra uddhata 3 dhIra prazAMta 4 // yana sau caugune kIye bheda lA bhaye (444) // 16 // phira divya 1 adivya 2 divyAdivya 3 // yana tIna (1643= 48) bhedana sU sole kU tigune kIne taba soleti / aThatAlisa bheda bhaye // 48 // uttama 1 madhyama 2 adhama 3 yana tIna (4843-144) te tigUne kiiye| aThatAlIsa kU / taba yeka so cavAlisa bheda bhaye / pati 1 upapati 2 vaisuka 3 tIna ye bheda milike (144+3= 147) yeka so setAlisa bheda bhaye // 147 // " aba nAyikA ke bheda bhI dekha lIjie / isase patA lagatA hai ki usa samaya kitanI vistRta TIkA hotI thii| "mUla- padamani citrani saMSanI, aru hastanI vaSAMni / vividha nAikA bheda meM, cAri jAti tiya jAni / / TIkA padamani so kahiye jAke aMka meM kamala kI sI sugaMdha Avai / vastra sveta ujjavala pavitra paharave kI ruci hoya / deva pajana meM ruci hoya / AhAra thoDau krai| kaMdarpa thorau hoy| kUca nitaMba pIna hoya / nAsikA caMpakali sI tila prasUna sI hoy| aura netra mRga ke se vA kamaladala se hoy| caMda ko Adho bhAga so bhAla hoy| aura bhRkuTI Ter3hI kabAna sI hoya sUchama hoya / saba aMga sundara vanyo hoya / kara carana kI aMgurI patalI hoya / aura karatala pagatala Arakta hoya / aura Umara bar3I hoya tohU bArai barasa kI sI dIpai / aura dAMta choTe hoya sudhI paMgati hoMya / kesa mAthe ke saTakAre hoya, sacakina hoya / aura anaMga bhUmi meM rUmA na hoya, aura surata jala meM puSpa rasa kI sI sugaMdha Avai aura jAke aMga sugaMdha ke lobha sau bhramara maDarAyo krai| pIka nigalatI varIyAM pIka kI lIka kaMTha meM hora diissai| asI tvacA jhInI hoya / svasI kI

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena prakRti hoya / chaha prAMgura kI dharanI hoya / aura sIpa svasI kI purI reSA tadvat anaMgabhUmi hoya / pohapa-mAla Asana kI ruci hoya / sveda meM kamala puSpAdikina kI sI sugaMdhi hoya / surati samai vimala sthAna, nimala seja bhUSana vastrAdi vimala bhaavai| gati haMsa kI sI maMda hoya / naSasparza napAnapAta, kapola-cuMbana, netra-cuMbana kI ruci hoya / yaha lachina padamanIna ke haiM // 1 // atha citranI lachana.... ." isa prasaMga meM citranI, hastanI, saMSanI Adi striyoM kA varNana isI vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / nizcaya hI yaha TIkA bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa hai| pustaka meM svakIyA Adi nAyikA ke bheda bhI dekhane yogya haiM "svakIyA nAyikA ke bheda / 13 / parakIyA / 3 / Ur3hA anuDhA / saamnyaa| 16 / proSita patikA / 10 / 16410=160 uttama madhyama adhama 16043=480 divya adivya divyAdivya 48043=1440 144044 =5760 576048=46080 46050x4=184320 18, 4 1,32,71,240 bheda" isa prakAra eka karor3a battIsa lAkha ikahattara hajAra do so cAlIsa prakAra kI nAyikAeM batAI haiN| isa TIkA ke saMbaMdha meM kucha bAteM-- 1. TIkA kI bhASA svaccha aura vizuddha brajabhASA hai| alavaranareza bolacAla kI bhASA kA prayoga na karake usa samaya kI sAhityika bhASA kA prayoga karane meM bahuta saphala hue haiM / hama dekhate haiM ki TIkA meM (a) bhASA kA rUpa bahuta nikharA huA hai| (A) virAma cinha (kama se kama pUrNa virAma) yathA sthAna lagAe gae haiN| (i) zabdAvali tathA kriyA ke rUpa apekSAkRta vyavasthita haiM / (I) tatsama zabda zuddha likhe gaye haiM / 2. usa samaya sampUrNa matsya pradeza meM, gadya meM bhI, brajabhASA kA ho prAdhAnya thA / gadya aura padya donoM meM yahI bhASA calatI thii| khar3I bolI ke prayoga gadya kI apekSA padya meM adhika dIkha par3ate haiN| usakA kAraNa hai musalamAna tathA aMgrejoM ke dvArA khar3I bolI kA prayoga krnaa| somanAtha,

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236. adhyAya 6 -- gadya-graMtha sobhanAtha, jAcIka jIvana, sUdana Adi meM isa prakAra ke prayoga milate haiM / / gadya meM brajabhASA chor3akara anya koI vizeSa pravRtti nahIM dekhI jaatii| 3.. TIkA bahuta hI utkRSTa koTi kI hai (a) isa TIkA ko saralatA ke sAtha samajhA jA sakatA hai| (A). isa meM diyA gayA. vivaraNa. lekhaka kI kAvya-zAstra pratibhA kA dyotaka hai| (i) bhASAbhUSaNa kI suMdaratama TIkAnoM meM isakA sthAna honA caahiye| 4. isa TIkA meM saMkhyA Adi dene meM bahuta sAvadhAnI kI gaI hai| guNana ThIka aura vidhivat hue haiM, jo mUla meM nahIM haiN| TIkA meM bahuta sI bAtoM ko zAmila kara diyA gayA hai| avataraNa zuddha aura yathAsthAna diye gaye haiM / mUla ko samajhane meM TIkA dvAro mUlyavAna sahAyatA milatI hai| eka prakAra se isa TokA dvArA mUla pustaka kI sammAna-bRddhi huI hai| 5. TIkA kI ina saba vizeSatAnoM evaM utkRSTatA ke kAraNa hamArA anumAna hai ki isa TIkA kA likhane vAlA koI bahuta hI vidvAna tathA kAvyazAstra-marmajJa kavi thA jisakA adhyayana, bhASA para adhikAra tathA kAvyajJAna bahuta ucca koTi kA thA / TIkA ko dekha kara isa bAta ke mAnane meM bahuta kaThinAI hotI hai ki mahArAja vinaya siMhajI dvaaraa| isa prakAra kI racanA kI jA sakI ho| usa samaya ke rAjAoM meM kAvyaprema avazya thA kintu kavi aura lekhaka ke rUpa meM bahuta kama rAjA milate haiN| hamArA anumAna hai ki mahArAja vinayasiMhajI ke kisI vidvAna paMDita ne jo rAjya ke Azrita rahA hogA yaha TIkA likha kara apane AzrayadAtA ke nAma se pracalita karA dI hogI aura isa prakAra ke aMza bar3hA die hoMge jaise rAjAdhirAja vaSatesa suta vinasiMha TIkA karata / / isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki mahArAja vinayasiMhajI vidvAnoM kA bahuta Adara karate the aura unake sambandha meM alavara rAjya ke itihAsa-premI paMDita pinAkIlAla jozI ne apane itihAsa meM likhA hai'mahArAja vinayasiMhajI ke suzAsana meM deza-deza ke vidvAna, zilpakAra tathA saMgItazAstra ke jJAtA alavara meM Aye aura mahArAja unake guNa grAhaka huye|' mahArAja vinayasiMhajI ne bhI usa vidvAna kI pUrI sahAyatA kI hogI

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 237 isameM sandeha nahIM ho sakatA, kintu svayaM vinayasiMhajI ne isa TIkA ko kiyA ho isameM bhArI saMdeha hai / yadi yaha kahIM sambhava huA ho aura rAjA ne svayaM hI TokA ke rUpa meM isa uttama pustaka kI racanA kI ho to ise sAhitya meM eka camatkAra hI mAnanA cAhiye / . gadya meM likhA huA kucha kathA sAhitya bhI milaa| siMhAsana battIsI ke kaI hindI saMskaraNa gadya-padya meM dekheM, kintu hameM "phitarata' kA likhA 'siMghAsanabattIsI' nAmaka graMtha dekha kara bahuta prasannatA huI / pustaka kA prArambhika aMza isa prakAra hai zrI gaNezAya namaH / pothI siMghAsana battIsI urdU meM sababa likhane isa dAstAna kA jo akasara aukAta guMcA dila kA va savaba cale va bAda muSAlapha jamAne ke vastagI tamAma rakhatA thA aura nairaMga sAjI caraSAkIsai kisI kAma meM na lagatA thA nAcAra vAste tapharIha SAtara aura casapIda gItave ke yaha SiyAla dila para gujarA ki kitAba siMghAsana battIsI kU ki hikAyatai nAda rakhatI hai aura Aja taka kisIne bIca jabAna uradU ke tarajamA nahIM kiyA likhA cAhiye ki bahara hAla par3hane usake se dila kU pharahata tAjai. hAsila hau| isa vAste vaMde mutpallika 'phitarata' nai bIca Sate dilakuzA bharatapura ke bIca ahada mahArAjadhirAja vraja iMdra savAI balavaMtasiMha bahAdara-bahAdara jaMga ke tarajamA kIyA aura kasIdA madada kA mAphaka hai sile apane ke vAstai najara ke liSatA hUM ki bIca silai usake yaha aphasAnA nAdara ki musammA va bAga bahara hai naja / phaiz2a asara se gujara ke mauradata haMsI kA hove // prastAvanA kucha kaThina sI mAlUma detI haiM kintu lekhaka ne jisa bhASA kA prayoga Age kiyA hai vaha AsAnI se samajha meM A jAtI hai / "hikAyata putlo dahama kI madana maMjarI nAma 'roja dIgara ki rAjA bhoja ne tamannA aura raMga nazInI kI kI putlI dasavIM ne ki madana maMjarI nAma rakhatI thIM kahA ki jhai rAjA bhauja jo koI. ki. mAnaMda rAjai vikramAjIta kI aisI himmata aura sapAvata raSatA hoye ki jaisI usne brahmana karI vulamarga ka samara jA bakhza dIyA aura daphe ajIyata kiyA to vaha isa auraMga para baitthe| 1 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pustaka mUla rUpa meM 'urdU jabAna' meM thii| kucha hI samaya bAda ise nAgarI lipi meM likhA gyaa| ise lipibaddha karane vAle 'goradhana sUradhvaja' the| likhane kA samaya 1867 diyA huA hai aura mahArAja balavaMtasiMha kA rAjyakAla 1882-- 1906 vi0 hai| yaha pustaka eka bar3I sundara jilda meM surakSita hai|' saMbhavataH yaha siMhAsana battIsI kA prathama urdU anuvAda hai jaisA racayitA bhI svayaM anumAna karatA hai| www

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238 adhyAya 6 --gadya-graMtha rAjA ne kahA ai putlI usa himmata aura saSAvata kA viyAMkara / putlI ne kahA ki eka roja eka jogI vAga rAjA ke meM bArada huA.. .. najma- jo deSA ki AlUdaihai SAka se / kiyA usane daryAphata indrAka se| ki yaha bhI bezaka khudA dAna hai| javI se ayAM nUra irphAna hai / / putlI ne kahA ki ' rAjA bhoja agara esI himmata aura sapAvata raSatA ho to irAdA baiThane isa takhta kA kr|' pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai _ 'tamAma huI kitAba siMhAsana battIsI vamUjaba pharamAiza mahArAje vajendra savAI balavaMtasiMha bahAdura ke / ' isa takhta kA itihAsa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai --- 'kissA kahane vAloM jamAne ke nai isa dAstA kU yau jInata taharIra vaSazI hai ki eka roja zrI mahAdevajI aura gaurA pArvatI kailAza baiThe the ki gaurA pArvatI ne arja kiyA | mahArAja tabIyata merI vAste sunane ahavAla kisI rAjA bar3e ke adala aura inasApha meM koI usake barAbara huA na huA hoya cAhatI hai| mahAdevajI ne jo bAsa pAtara unakA bIca saba kA mauke maMjUra thA phrmaayaa| narama- hai mujha kU pArA SAtara yahAM talaka / Anai na kalAma kaM mUtalaka jaba talaka / / mutavaje goza dila se ho merI tarapha azoka / pUrI ho dAstAna murabbata vahIM talaka / peztara isake jamAnai pahale maiM tamAma devatA muttaphika ho ke eka taSata villaurI javAhara se prArAstA karake rUbarU mere laae| maine kabUla najara unake kA karA pIche muddata bahuta ke rAjA indra vAste mulAkAta ke gayA thA maiMne usakU vaSzA aura rAjA iMdra ne usa taSata kU rAjA vikramAjIta kU" 1. phitarata ne apane bAre meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM dI hai| idhara-udhara patA lagane para mAlUma huA ki phitarata sAhaba zahara bharatapura ke nivAsI the aura unakA ghara nagara ke bIca meM sthita gaMgA mandira ke pAsa thaa| yaha saMskRta aura phArasI ke vidvAna the tathA hindI aura urdU meM bhI acchI yogyatA rakhate the| 2. siMhAsana battosI nAma kA yaha grantha 188 patroM meM likhA huA hai| 3. lekhaka kA dAvA hai ki usakA likhA yaha graMtha urdU bhASA meM

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 236 kiyA gayA siMhAsana battosI kA prathama anuvAda hai| isase yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki lekhaka ne ise urdU kI pustaka mAnA hai| isake dvArA hindI vAloM ko gadya meM likhI eka acchI cIja mila gaI / 4. iMzA allA khAM kI likhI 'rAnI ketakI kI kahAnI' tathA isa anuvAda kI tulanA karane para patA lagatA hai ki vaha phArasI lipi meM likhI gaI hindI kI kitAba thI aura yaha nAgarI meM likhI huI urdU kii| isa pustaka kI bhASA meM urdU vyAkaraNa kA hI anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha kahAnI iMzA kI pustaka se kucha hI dinoM bAda likhI huI gadya pustaka hai| nAgarI lipi meM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa ise matsya ke gadya sAhitya meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai| 'akala nAmA' bhI gadya meM likhA gayA hai / saMvat 1866 ke pAsa-pAsa likhe gae isa gadya graMtha kA namUnA dekheM 'zrI manmahAgaNAdhipataye namaH / zrI zrI sarasvatyai nmH| atha akala nAmA liSSate / pAtasAha akabara bIrabala se kahI / zrI bhagavAna hAthI kI pukAra sunI Apa hI dauDe to koI cAkara nahIM hutA' / taba bIrabala kahI ki pheri araja karUgA eka SojA pAtasAha ke potA kU roja hajUra maiM lAutA / tAsU bIrabala khii| jo pAtasAha ke potA kI sUrati mAphika moma kI sUrata banAya / gahanA paharoi hajUra meM lAu / aura jAnatA hI hauda maiM girAu / so SojA ne vaise hI kiyA / taba pAtasAha deSata hI hauda meM gire / sau moma kI putlI leke bAhara Aye / ' bIrabala kU pUchI yaha kyA hai| taba bIrabala kahI / Apake cAkara nahIM the / jo Apa hI pote ke kAr3hane kU dauDe / so jaise hI Isvara kI prIti bhaktana meM hotI hai / so gaja ke chur3Ayana ke vAste Apa hI dhaae|' isa gadya meM spaSTatayA khar3I bolI ke darzana ho rahe haiMa. kriyA-araja karUMgA / bhaktana meM hotI hai / ___vaise hI kiyaa| nahIM the| prA. kAraka- bIrabala se, pote ke, potA kI, pAtasAha ke / i. vAkyoM kI bnaavtt| 'kU' Adi zabda taba taka cala rahe the| isa pustaka kA nirmANa 1866 vi. meM mahArAja balavaMtasiMhajI ke kahane para huA dasaratha suta raghuvaMsa mani, vyakaTesa tihi nAma / zrI vRjendra balavaMta ke, karI sadAM manakAma / / bhASA meM khar3I bolI kI jhalaka /

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adhyAya 6 gadya-graMtha alavara meM prApta 'akala nAmA' bhASA ke rUpa kI dRSTi se pichar3A huA mAlUma hotA hai, isameM jagaha-jagaha alavarI bolacAla kI bhASA ke rUpa milate haiM, parantu sthAna-sthAna para khar3I bolI bhI dikhAI detI hai / - 240 'pAtasAha sAhajihAM kaida meM the / tahAM zrAlamagIra ne jAya araja karI / jo prApa tau ATha dina adAlata baiThate the| ghara maiM tau nita adAlata karatA hUM | sAhajihAM kahI hama grAThavai dina adAlata karate taba nakIba phirIyAdI kUM balAvatA so koI prAvatA nahIM / aru tuma nita adAlata karate ho, tisa phirayAdI bAkI rahata haiM / kucha anya vAkya kisAna ko kahuta riyAyata karaNI / gaI vastu kA soca kadhI na kariye // 1 'Izvara ko manate na bhulAiye / binA upadesa aura bhalI carcA ke muSate koI vacana nahIM kADiye / bAlaka aura strI jo kahe tAkI pratIta na kIjiye / aura inaute mana kA bhedana kahiye / saMvat 1910 ke Asa pAsa kA gadya bhI dekhie jo 'sujAna caritra' kI prastAvanA ke rUpa meM diyA huA haiM ...........prapne mankU bar3hAve ki isa sama meM abake manuSyoM se jaisI sUravIratA honI kaThana hai jo isa pauthI ke Sodhane meM bahuta zrama huA hai / pahale to zrI mahArAja suraga gAmI nai prapne zrAge zrApa uskA eka eka akSara bhaisA zaudhA ki uske Age pothI asala meM azuddhatA vizavAsa hotA thA kisa vAste ki zrApa bhASA meM bahuta samajhate the aura banAte the ki bar3e bar3e paMData kavIzrura sarAhanA karate the aura usa pauthI ke zodhane sameM unkU cAhanA dUsarI pothI kI bhI nahIM hotI thI / aura pIche surgavAzI hone mahArAja ke paMData gorddhanadAsa va lAlA choTelAla aura lAlA bAMkelAla ne ki isa pothI kUM likhA hai isake zodhane meM bahuta zrama pryaaH|" yahA~ bhI bhASA kA rUpa kucha Age bar3hatA dikhAI nahIM detA / vaise yaha bhASA iMzA aura sadAsukhalAla se lagabhaga 50 varSa bAda kI bhASA hai kintu - isameM zithilatA aura avyavasthA spaSTa dikhAI de rahe haiM / rAjAnoM kI sIdhI dekha rekha meM praNayana hone para bhI rAjagharAne kI yaha pustaka gadya kA nikharA rUpa nahIM pA sakI / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki matsya pradeza meM gadya kA vikAsa usa tejI ke sAtha nahIM huA jaisA aMgrejI ilAkoM meM huA / gadya kI bhASA jisa 1 alavara sambandhita prayoga / 2 kriyAoM meM khar3I bolI apanA kAma karatI dikhAI de rahI hai / ye rUpa musalamAnI prasaMgoM meM hI adhika milate haiM

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 241 rUpa meM thI usI meM calatI rhii| isake lie na rAjAoM kA dhyAna thA aura na lekhakoM kA / sambhava hai usa samaya rAja darabAroM meM gadya ko prora yahI manovRtti rahI ho / aMgrejoM ko to IsAI dharma kA pracAra karanA thA / unheM klarka ikaTThe karane the tathA logoM kI bhASA meM unake sAtha ghaniSThatA sthApita karanI thI / dezI rAjyoM meM isa prakAra kI koI AvazyakatAeM na thIM / ataeva gadya apanI manamAnI gati se calatA rahA / rAjya kI ora se bhI gadya-vistAra ke lie koI vizeSa prabaMdha na thA kyoMki sAhitya kI dRSTi se kevala padya ko hI sammAnapUrNa sthAna diyA jAtA thA / kaviyoM se padya sunane kI prAzA kI jAtI thI aura isI AdhAra para puraskAra-satkAra Adi kI vyavasthA hotI thI / zrataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki gadya kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna nahIM gayA / vaha bolacAla kI bhASA ke rUpa meM hI calatA rahA / jisa gati se briTiza prAMtoM meM gadya ko protsAhana milA aura usakI vRddhi huI vaha dezI rAjyoM meM na ho sakA / khoja meM eka adhUrI pustaka 'bairAga sAgara' milI / lekhaka ke nAma kA patA nahIM lagatA / isa pustaka meM aneka bhaktoM kI kahAniyAM dI gaI haiM aura ye bhakta prAyaH ballabhasampradAya ke haiM / ataH pustaka kA likhane vAlA koI vallabhakulI hogA / sUradAsajI ke saMbaMdha meM dI gaI vArtA dekhie- 'doU netrana kari hIna eka vrajavAsI kau larikA vraja meM sUradAsa / so horI ke bhaMDauvA banAva ha vai tukiyA / tAke vAsatai zrI gusAI jI sau jAya logani nai kahI / tAM para zrI gusAIjI vA larikA ko bulAya vAke bhar3auvA sune haMse zrI muSa te kahyau ju larikA tU aba bhagavata jasa banAya / zrI bhAgavata anusAra / prathama janama kI lIlA gAya / taba vAne kahI rAja hU kahA jAnau / taba prAgyA karI bhagavata icchA hai tU nAgau / se zrI gusAI jI kI prAgyA tai bhagavata lIlA bhyAsI / sarasvatI ji bhaI / prathama hI prathama zrI sUradAsajI zrIjI janama lIlA kI badhAI banAI / ru zrI gusAIjI ko sunAI / taba bahauta prasanna bhaye / kaMThI dupaTA bhaTTA prasAda dayau / aru sabani sau prAgyA karI ju zrI ThAkurajI kI AgyA tai hama kahata haiM / barasa pai dina janamASTamI kI janamASTamI zrI govarddhananAthajI ke Age prathama eka hI badhAI gAvaige so aba lau eka hI gAvata hai rAga zrAsAvarI brija bhayo mahara ke pUta jaba yaha bAta sunii| suni AnaMda saba loka gokula gunita gunI // graha lagana nachita vala sodhi kInI veda dhunI / Adi /

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242 adhyAya 6- gadya-grantha isa vArtA ke AdhAra para sUradAsajI ke jIvana para kucha prakAza par3atA hai-- 1. sUradAsa jAti ke rAjamajUra the / 2. ve janmAndha the| 3. ve pahale horI ke bhaMDauvA banAte the| 4. gusAMIjI ne sUra ke banAye bhaDauvA sune aura kRSNa kI lIlA likhane kI preraNA dii| 5. govarddhanajI ke Age gAyA jAne vAlA rAga AsAvarI pracalita huaa| jaisA pahale saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai ki matsya-pradeza kA gadya bahuta dhImI gati se calA / Aja se koI 60 varSa pahale gadya kA eka namUnA 'alavara rAjya kA itihAsa' nAmaka hastalikhita pustaka se nIce diyA jA rahA hai ____ 'jaba se rAvarAjA pratApasyaMgha janma pAyau taba te rAjagar3ha meM AnaMda adhikAyau saMvat satrAsai pUrana samai savAI jayasiMha suragavAsI bhaye aru inake pIche mahArAja isurIsyaMghajI barajora jaipura gaddI brAja gaye.... 'mahArAja isurIsyaMghajI samasta kachavAha subhaTa kU jayapura bulavAye tAmai kitaneka amarAva to aMtaragata mAdhosyaMghajI sU mile rahe jaisI havA deSI taisa hI upAhane daye aru narUkAna ne IsarIsyaMghajI kI hI agyAnusAra svAma dharma dhAra juddha meM juTe'...' yaha hindI gadya kA namUnA haiM, aba isI pustaka kI khar3IbolI ke urdU mizrita padya kA namUnA dekhie--- diyA usako Izvara ne khuda akhtiyaar| kiye moje DhAI se DhAI hajAra // kahA kauna irazAda Aye yahAM / kahAM ke haiM saradAra jAte kahAM / inhoMne kahA rAva paratApa nAma / ki hai rAjagar3ha mAcaher3I mukAma / / diyA bhejake haladiyA chAjUrAma / kiyA jATa se jAke isane salAma / / hamAre anusaMdhAna meM kucha hukmanAme tathA rukke bhI mile / ye phArasI aura nAgarI lipiyoM meM haiN| inameM se kevala kucha udAharaNa die jA rahe haiN| pahalA hukmanAmA rAva pratApasiMhajI ko mugala samrATa dvArA 'rAjAbahAdura' kA pada die jAne ke saMbaMdha meM haiM / rAva pratApasiMha mugaloM kI ora se bharatapura ke jAToM se lar3e the| yaha saba kAma khuzAlIrAma haldiyA ke parAmarza se kiyA gayA thaa| apanI senA ke sAtha pratApasiMha AgarA pahuMce, aura vahAM mugaloM kI sahAyatA kii| isa yuddha meM jAToM kI parAjaya huI aura bAdazAha ne pratApasiMhajI ko 'rAjAbahAdura' kI padavI dii|

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 243 ................. pratApasiMha valda mohabbatasiMha manasabe paMca hajArI jAta va paMca hajArI savAra va khitAbe rAjAbahAdura va atAye Alama va nakkArA sara apharAja zuda vAke 5 dahama zahara'......' isa prakAra pratApasiMhajI 'rAjAbahAdura' bane / pahale patra bhI padya meM likhe jAte the / gadya-padya maya patra kA eka namUnA dekheN| go ........ svA ............ (idhara kA aMza phaTa gayA hai| kintu gosvAmI' spaSTa likhA milatA hai|) mI ............ zrI pada aMbuja ke sadA, rahata tuhAre dhyAna / karata rahata rajanI divasa, rUpa sudhArasa pAna / / dha jA prema kI gopikA, sUnIyata hI nija kAna / una hUM ne kachu sarasa tuma, pragaTa laSe nenAna / / ra sikana ke siratAja tuma, karuNAsindha dayAlu / tumharI kRpA kaTAkSa tai, saba koU hota nihAla / / jI bana dhana nehIna ke, tumahI kRpAnidhAna / tumarI mahimA ko koU, kahi bidhi karai bssaan| jo ..... (phaTa gayA hai|) ga ..... prathama tukani ke prathama aMka, saba jora nihaarau| dasadani meM liSyo su jahi, vidha nAma tihArau / / yaha 'gosvAmI zrIdharajI joga' yaha patra likhA gayA hai| isa 1817 meM likhe gae patra ke gadya bhAga kA namUnA isa prakAra hai-- _ 'aba ApakI kRpA teM jIvAsira ha vai gayo hUM / zrI jI karegeM to jaladI vA kArja teM chUTa jAvogo pApa kRpA rASata rahoge aru patra liSata rhoge| merI bohata bauhata jai zrIkRSNa kI kahai -- dIpa divAkara vasU aru sasI, sukla paccha buddhavAra / caitramAsa subha naMda titha, saMvata mitI vicAra / 1 yaha patra gosvAmI zrIdharAnaMdajI ko likhA gayA thaa| zrIdharAnaMdajI ne 'sAhitya-sAra. cintAmaNi' Adi grantha likhe haiN| mahArAja raNajItasiMha ne inako 'kavIndra' kI upAdhi dI thii| yaha patra 170-75 varSa purAnA hai| tithi padya meM hai saMvat 1871 /

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244 adhyAya 6- gadya-grantha isa patra ke nIce puna: likhA hai 'saba ko jai zrI kRSNa bohata bohata likhI hai / sASTAMga daMDavadvaMcana / zrI girdharajI mahArAja yahAM rAjASerA te Aye he so kAla hI phera rAjArA kU gaye aura bohata prasanna hai / ' gusAI zrIrAmajI kA patra dIvAna javAharalAla ke nAma ('raNajItakAla')' 'zrI haradevajI sahAya 'zrI gusAI zrIrAmajI ko pAsIravAta zrI dIvAna javAharalAlajI kauM Apako brahmani dharamagya jAni ke hama tai yaha ahaivAla Apako liSyau so tuma yAha vAcaugai Age hama jaipUra kU jAte hai to Apanai basI ThAkUra aura hIrAlAla Amila aura cyAri bhale AdamI bheji dharama karama dai prAnai hamako bulAya lIno su bulAe kI sI rASo so hamAro do rUpaiyA rojInA dharatI daina kaihai ke Apane hamako bulAyo so pApa dharamAtamA ho so karaja kAr3hi kAr3hi ava tAI bhoga lagAyo so..... ___ gAr3I cAri chaka rA do bheji dIjai jahA hama jAya tahA kari pAvai / / ....... hamArI cAkarI tau kathA bhajana hai jau koU sune tau| prAcIna sukkA, rukkA paravAne dekhane para kucha bAteM vizeSa rUpa se pAI jAtI haiM 1. sarakArI arddha-sarakArI patroM meM vikramI saMvat ke sAtha hijarI saMvat bhI pAyA jAtA hai / 300 varSa purAne kAgajoM meM bhI yaha pravRtti milatI hai| 2. devatA, ThAkurajI kA nAma kevala Upara likhA jAtA hai| yadi patra ke bIca meM devatA kA nAma kahIM pA jAya to.......''isa prakAra sthAna chor3a dete haiM aura Upara devatA kA nAma likhate haiN| 1 zrI haridevajI, bharatapura, ke vartamAna pujArI ne mujhe bahuta se sukke, patra, kavitA Adi dikhAe jo 150-200 varSa purAne haiN| unameM usa samaya ke gadya aura padya ke namUne tathA kucha aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI milatI hai| ye pujArI rAjAoM ke guru rahe haiM, kisa prakAra guru-parivartana huA isa bAta ke bhI pramANa mile| jaipura jAte hue gusAIjI ko bharatapura ThaharA liyA gyaa| phira 'bhoga-roga' meM kamI hone se usakI zikAyata se bharA yaha vyaMgya yukta patra hai| yaha virakti isa kAraNa huI ki gUsAiyoM ne rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM jAne se manA kara diyaa| bairAgiyoM ne sAtha diyA isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki bharatapura ke rAjA vairAgiyoM ke cele ho gaye /

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 245 3. ina sukkoM meM se bahuta se hindI-phArasI donoM meM haiM aura unameM bAdazAhI mohara lagI huI hai / hastAkSara kI praNAlI nahIM dekhI jAtI, mohara hI lagAI jAtI thii| jaipura ke paravAnoM meM phArasI-hindI donoM bhASAeM haiN| 4. itanA samaya hone para bhI akSara bahuta ho spaSTa haiN| ghasITa kA nAma nahIM / aisA mAlUma hotA haiM ki usa samaya patra bahuta hI sAvadhAnI ke ke sAtha likhe jAte the / patroM kI bhASA braja hai, kahIM-kahIM khar3IbolI ke rUpa bhI mila jAte haiN| 5. patroM meM saba prakAra kI sAmagrI milatI hai--sarakArI, arddhasarakArI, vyaktigata / patroM meM padya kA prayoga bhI hotA thaa| kucha rAjA loga bhI apane guru ko patra likhate the / bharatapura ke mahArAja ne bhI apane guru ko yuddhasthala se eka patra likhA thaa|' " mahArAja raNajItasiMha dvArA apane guru zrIdharAnandajI ko likhe patra kA kucha aMza kInI paramAratha pai svArathahU vanyo nAhiM , gayo saba prakAratha so kase ke vaSAno juu| lana kahUyo dillI aru AgarI doUna pai , daI thUna ulaTI aso bhayo yaha vaSAno jU / nisadina pachitAMU vA gharI ko na pAUM, harideva soM raSAUM aba ati hI khisAno jU / disAne jU pelyo so to bhayau hU~ akelo aba , melI kaba hoigo su nAhI yaha laSAno jU / yaha patra bhI ukta gusAI jI ke patra-saMgraha se milA; kyoMki bahuta dinoM taka vaha rAja kA gurudvArA rhaa| gusAI jI kA patra-saMgraha bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM usa samaya kI dhArmika tathA aitihAsika aneka bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai| bar3e yatna ke sAtha gusAiyoM ke ye vaMzaja ina patroM ko apane pAsa surakSita rakhate rahe haiM tathA samaya para apane adhikAroM kI rakSA hetu inakA upayoga bhI kiyA hai|

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adhyAya 7 anuvAda - grantha anubAda ke kSetra meM matsya-pradeza kAphI Age rahA / bharatapura ke do prasiddha kavi somanAtha tathA kalAnidhi ke nAma isa viSaya meM agnagaNya haiN| somanAthajI mathurA se tathA kalAnidhijI anya rAjAoM ke darabAroM se pAkara vaira ke rAjA pratApasiMhajI ke aAzraya meM rahane lage / anya granthoM ke atirikta ina donoM kavizreSThoM ne anuvAda kA kAma bhI bar3I lagana ke sAtha kiyA aura donoM ne mila kara saMpUrNa vAlmokIya rAmAyaNa kA anuvAda kara DAlA ! somanAtha ne ayodhyA, prAraNya, kiSkidhA aura sundara kANDa ko liyA aura kalAnidhi ne bAla, yuddha tathA uttara kANDa ko saMbhAlA aura isa prakAra saMpUrNa rAmAyaNa ko hindI padya meM parivartita kara diyA / inake dvArA kie gae anuvAdoM kA pUrNa saMgraha to mujhe prApta ho nahIM sakA phira bhI jo sAmagrI milI hai unake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki itanA bar3A kAma karane para bhI kAvya-chaTA kA utkarSa nibhAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta mahAbhArata ke aneka paryoM ke anuvAda bhI mile| karNa parva kI bhASA govarddhana nAma ke eka kavi ne kI jisameM padya ke atirikta gadya bho milatA hai| yaha bahuta purAnA anuvAda hai| rasAnaMda dvArA kI gaI azvamedha parva kI 'bhASA' bhI milI hai / ' yaha anuvAda saMvat 1875 vi0 ke pAsa pAsa kA hai / kAvya tathA anuvAda donoM kI dRSTi se dekhane para vidita hotA hai ki matsya meM kiyA gayA yaha kArya nimnakoTi kA nahIM hai| vaise prAyaH chAyAnuvAda hI kiyA gayA hai kyoMki usa samaya kI pracalita praNAlI kucha isI prakAra kI thii| parantu isa anavAda meM kAvya ke guNa bhI pAe jAte haiM / bhAgavata kA anuvAda karanA usa samaya eka pracalita bAta thI, vizeSa rUpa se isa graMtha ke dazama skaMdha kA pracAra thA / isa dazama skaMdha meM hI bhagavAna kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA varNana hai / isa kArya ke karane meM bhI mAthura kavi somanAtha Age rhe| inake dvArA kiyA gayA 'dazama skaMdha bhASA uttarArddha' grantha prApta huA hai| upaniSadoM ke bhI anuvAda hue / kalAnidhi ne taittirIya, mAMDUkya, kena aura praznopaniSad ke acche anuvAda kie aura vyavasthA karate samaya apanI buddhimattA kA sundara paricaya diyaa| kalAnidhi saMskRta ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn the aura ' 'saMgrAma-ratnAkara', 'saMgrAma-kalAdhara' nAma ke do graMtha batAye jAte haiN| ho sakatA hai ye donoM graMtha eka hI hoM aura ina meM rasAnaMda dvArA likhita saMpUrNa mahAbhArata kA padyAnuvAda ho /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 247 saMbhavata: vaira meM rahate samaya unakA dhyAna saMskRta pustakoM ke anuvAda kI ora adhika gayA / kahA jAtA hai inhoMne 'durgAsaptazatI' kA bhI anuvAda kiyA thaa| unhoMne 'rAmagItam' ke nAma se saMskRta meM eka maulika gItikAvya bhI likhA thaa|' gItA kA anuvAda bhI huA / isa prakAra matsya pradeza meM sabhI dhArmika graMthoM ke anuvAda hue 1. rAmAyaNa, 2. mahAbhArata, 3. bhAgavata, 4. gItA, 5. upaniSad, Adi inake atirikta saMskRta ke tathA nIti sAhitya ke graMthoM kA anuvAda karane kI ora bhI pravRtti rhii| hitopadeza ke kaI anuvAda mile / 'siMhAsana battIsI' kA hindI rUpAntara anuvAda tathA chAyA donoM meM pAyA gyaa| saMskRta pustakoM ke urdU anuvAda bhI kie gae aura sarva sAdhAraNa ke hetu unheM nAgarI meM lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| ___ saMskRta ke atirikta phArasI granthoM kA bhI anuvAda hotA rahA / inameM kathAsAhitya kA to Adhikya rahA hI jaise 'anavAra suhelI', sAtha hI rAjanIti ke grantha bhI hindI meM anUdita kie gae / 'pAine akabarI' kA eka choTA chAyAnuvAda 'akalanAmA' ke aMtargata prApta huA hai| matsya-pradeza meM bhArata kI anya bhASAoM meM likhita pustakoM ke anuvAda nahIM milte| una dinoM isa prakAra kI pustakoM ke anuvAda karane kI prathA bhI 1 rAmagItam kA eka zloka khailanmaMjula-khaMjarITanayanA puurnnendu-biNbaannaa| tArAmaMDalamaMDanAtivizadajyotsnAdukUlAvRtA // vakSo jAyita-cakravAkamithunA cNcnmRnnaaliibhujaa| phullatkokanadaugha pAriNacaraNa bhAte zaratkAminI / / zaratkAlIna varNana ke sAtha kAminI kA rUpa-lAvaNya / zarada Rtu ke sadRza yaha kAminI kise acchI na lgegii| yaha graMtha gIta-govinda kI paddhati para hai| zRMgAra ke sabhI guNoM se paripUrNa yaha graMtha vartamAnakAla ke kavi 'hariaudhajI' kA patha-pradarzaka sA pratIta hotA hai / Upara die gae chaMda se milAte hue 'haripraudhajI' kI yaha paMkti dekhie jo usI chaMda zArdUlavi.---'rupodyAnapraphullaprAyakalikA rAkendubiMbAnanA' Adi /

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248 adhyAya 7-anuvAda-grantha nahIM thii| saMskRta tathA phArasI granthoM ke hI anuvAda huA karate the| isI ke lie vidvAna paMDita darabAroM meM rakhe jAte the| matsya-pradeza kA hastalikhita sAhitya dekhane para patA lagatA hai ki darabAroM meM 1. saMskRta, hindI tathA phArasI ke vidvAna, 2. rIti tathA kAvyakAra, 3. lipikAra, 4. notikAra, 5. karmakANDa ke vidvAna paMDitoM kA sammAnanIya sthAna thaa| rAjAmoM ke yahAM rItigraMthoM kA nirmANa, dhArmika pustakoM kA hindI-rUpAntara Adi sAhityika kArya barAbara calate rahate the| rAjA yadyapi svayaM vidvAna nahIM hote the, kintu guNIjanoM kA satkAra karate the aura apanA pAzraya pradAna kara unheM apane-apane kAmoM meM lagAe rakhate the| usa samaya pustakoM ko lipibaddha karanA bhI eka kalA thii| jIvArAma caube, bAlagoviMda gusAMI, devA bAgabAna, govarddhana Adi kaI aise lipikAroM ke nAma mile haiM jo rAjadarabAroM meM niyamita rUpa se granthoM ko lipibaddha karane kA kAma kiyA karate the| pustakoM ko likhane meM pRSTa patra para camakadAra kAlI syAhI kA prayoga hotA thaa| zIrSaka tathA hAziye ke lie aura raMgoM kI syAhI bhI kAma meM AtI thii| kucha pustakoM' meM citroM kA honA isa bAta ko batAtA hai ki yahAM ke darabAroM meM citrakalA vizAradoM ko bhI Azraya milatA thaa| alavara ke myUjiyama meM eka utkRSTa koTi kA citra-saMgraha hai jinameM kucha citra rAjya ke karmacAriyoM dvArA nirmita kie gae haiN| ina saMgrahoM kI aMgreja vidvAnoM ne mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki anya bhASAoM ke granthoM ko hindI kA kalAtmaka rUpa dene meM ina rAjyoM dvArA acchI vyavasthA kI gaI thii| kalAnidhi ne vAlamIki rAmAyaNa ke bAla, yuddha aura uttara kANDoM kA anuvAda kiyA hai| inhoMne bhI anuvAda karane meM usI pracalita paramparA kA anukaraNa kiyA jo hameM akhairAma tathA somanAtha meM milatI hai| sUdana ke kAvya meM bhI hameM vahI pravRtti milatI hai / ina kaviyoM dvArA apanI racanAoM ke pratyeka adhyAya yA sarga ke uparAnta apane prAzrayadAtA kI prazaMsA meM eka chaMda kI punarAvRtti kI gaI hai| isa chaMda ke prathama tIna caraNa to sabhI jagaha eka samAna hote haiM kintu caturtha caraNa meM varNya-vastu ke anusAra parivartana ho jAtA hai jisase kathAnaka kA saMketa barAbara milatA rahatA hai / yuddha kANDa ke aMtargata kalAnidhi ' jaise catrabhujadAsa' kRta 'madhumAlatI' / hameM isa pustaka kI do pratiyAM milIM jinameM se eka sacitra hai| 2 TI0 eca0 henDale-alavara enDa iTsa pArTa /

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 243 kA eka chaMda dekhie-- braja cakrati kumAra gunagana gahara sAgara gAjaI / zrI rAmacaraNasaroja ali paratApasiMha viraajii|| tehi heta rAmAyaNa manohara kavi kalAnidhi ne rcyo| tahaM yuddha kANDa vyAsi meM puni indrajita garjana macyo / isa chaMda ko mUla zloka se milAiye athendrajidrAkSasabhUtaye tu juhAva havyaM vidhinA vidhAna vit / dRSTvA vyatiSThanta ca rAkSasAste mahAsamUheSu nayAnayajJAH / / ( sarga 82 - zloka 28 aMtima zloka ) isa bayAsIveM adhyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki meghanAda ne rAkSasoM kI zakti ko bar3hAne ke lie punaH yajJa kiyaa| apane AzrayadAtA kumAra pratApasiMhajI ke hetu kavi kalAnidhi ne rAmAyaNa ke jina kANDoM kA bhASA meM prakAza kiyA unameM svayaM kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA bhI gauNa nahIM hai| saMvat 1805 kA lipibaddha 'bhASA karNa-parva' alavara kI khoja meM milaa| isake prathama dohe se patA lagatA hai ki isa parva kI bhASA karane vAlA koI govarddhana nAma kA kavi thA"zrI gaNezAya namaH atha bhASA karNaparva liSyatedohA- gaNapati gavari girIsa gura, samara sArade mAya / karNa-parva bhASA karata, govarddhana kavi gAya // " isa pustaka meM prArambha tathA aMta meM kucha TippaNiyAM bhI milatI haiM, jo saMbhavata: kinhIM anya vyaktiyoM dvArA dI gaI haiM / pustaka adhUrI hI raha jAtI hai aura usake aMta meM eka noTa likhA hai jisase saMvat Adi kA patA lagatA hai 'karna parva itanau hI cha / saM0 1805 asAr3ha sudi 4 liSI pothI harirAmakAnhajI SavAsa dInhI / ' isa noTa ke AdhAra para patA lagatA hai ki yaha anuvAda saMvat 1805 ke. pahale hI huA hogaa| lipikAra ko pUrA anuvAda nahIM mila sakA, patA nahIM anuvAdaka ne itanA hI anuvAda kiyA athavA anuvAda kA kucha aMza lupta ho gayA / lipikAra ko 'itanau ho chai' kaha kara saMtoSa karanA pdd'aa| yaha hastalikhita grantha bahuta hI aspaSTa lipi meM hai aura akSaroM kI banAvaTa bhI bahuta beDhaMgI hai / karNa ko kisa prakAra senApati ke pada para niyukta kiyA gayA isa

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250 prasaMga ko dekhie adhyAya 7 isase saMbaMdhita zloka dekhie karana nRpati gura suta prabala astra sakala guna grAma / judha ayudha kareM subhaTa sikala aghaTa gani kAma || diya abhiSeSa ju karana ko kiyaba sena siradAra | ana dhana kaMcana mani gunika dona mAna juta bhAra / / anuvAda graMtha - tato'bhiSikte rAjendra niSkairgobhirdhanena ca / vAcayAmAsa viprAgrayAn rAdheyaH paravIrahA / ( karNAbhiSeke dazamo'dhyAyaH / 48 ) isa pustaka meM dohA tathA chappaya chaMda kI hI pradhAnatA hai / yadyapi yaha pustaka adhUrI hai kintu karNaparva kA bahuta sA aMza yA gayA hai / isa prati kI patra saMkhyA 63 hai aura bahuta choTe akSaroM meM pAsa-pAsa likhA huA hai / sthAnasthAna para isa prakAra kA gadya milatA hai - 'saMjayovAca', 'dhRtarASTrovAca' ke sthAna para gadya meM 'saMjaya kahatu hai', 'dhRtarASTra puchatu hai' Adi likhA hai / yuddhavarNana meM kavi kI ojamayI vANI ko chaTA dekhie jo usa samaya kI vIra- kAvyapraNAlI ke anurUpa hai - prAtaH juTaM dipinI voTa paththaM samarthaM / chuTai vAna vAnaM pramAnaM suhathrthaM // ayaM judha jodhA kIyaM UDU bhArI / sabai bheda bhede prayudha sama saMbhArI // / 1 kahA jAtA hai ki 'saMgrAma ratnAkara' ke nAma se bharatapura ke prasiddha kavi rasAnaMda ne mahAbhArata kA anuvAda kiyaa| yaha pUrA anuvAda to nahIM mila sakA parantu merI khoja meM 'jaimana azvamedha' kA anuvAda pravazya milaa| anuvAda meM dI gaI paMktiyoM se vidita hotA hai ki isa kArya ko karane kI AjJA rAjA dvArA dI gaI thI lahi vRjeMdra prajJA hitakArI / rasazrAnada nija citta vicArI // jaimana prasvamedha kI bhASA / racave heta bar3hI abhilASA | grantha Arambha karane kA samaya bhI diyA huA hai - 1 sUdana 'ke 'sujAna caritra' se milAyeM / ThAra se pacyAnave, bhaji haracarana nidaMbha | kArtika zuklA saptamI, kiyo graMtha AraMbha //

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 251 isa parva ke aMta meM dI gaI paMktiyoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa kavi ne azvamedha parva se pahale ke anya sabhI parvoM kA anuvAda kiyA thA / kavi ne bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai 'imi parva caturda isa prakAra he rAjendra ! isake pazcAt kavi kahatA hai meM subhAi / rAjeMdra die tumako sunAi // 14 parva sunA die haiN| maiMne Apako isase bhI yahI patA lagatA hai ki balavaMta bhUpa kI grAjJA ko mAna kara kavi rasAnaMda ne saMskRta bhASA meM likhe caritra aura kathAoMoM ko bhASA ke mAdhyama dvArA sunAyA / 1 "aba vAsAsrama parva ' ju bisesa / kahi hoM suni cita de kuru naresa || kuntI sameta gajapura mabhAra / 2 hai bharatarSabha pArthava udAra // ekAdasa varSa pramAna thita / vahaM base su sukha saMpati sahita || yaha sakala carita uttama mahAna balavaMta bhUpa prAjJA pramAna // suravAnI ke anumAna vesa 3 bhASA kiya rasa AnaMda visesa | ' isa pustaka ke samApta hone kA samaya 1866 vi0 hai / isase patA lagatA hai ki isa pustaka kA kArya cAra varSa meM pUrA huA / saMvat ThArai pai navai nau gunoM (1866 ) / kArtika kI kRSNA su paMcamI tithi gunoM / sasi vAsara laSi uttama sasi kI prApti hai / kRSNa kRpA te bhayo su graMtha samApta hai // hameM isa grantharatna kI saMvat 1903 kI likhI eka prati prApta huI thI / zrAzramavAsika parva naM0 15 / hastinApura meM / 'ghananAda', 'ripusUdana' 'dazakaMdhara' vAlI tulasI praNAlI 'hastinApura' meM bhI lakSita ho rahI hai / 3 devavANI saMskRta meM likhe anusAra / kavi kI isa ukti se vidita hotA hai ki yaha eka nUdita graMtha hai / kavi ne isa graMtha ko saMgrAma ratnAkara' kahA hai jo 'mahAbhArata' ke lie bahuta upayukta hai / kavi ne apane anuvAda meM mUla pustaka ke 'adhyAya' ko 'taraMga' kahA hai / ratnAkara meM taraMgoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai /

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252 adhyAya 7-anuvAda - graMtha yaha prati rAjA ke lie likho gaI thI, aura isake lipikAra the caube jIvArAma / "caube jIvArAma ne, pustaka liSyau sudhAri / bhUla cUka jo hoi tau, bAMcau nRpati vicAri / / zrI jI sadAM sahAi / / saMvata 1903 / mitI bhAdrapada badi tryodsii|| 13 // liSI bharatapura gar3ha kile madhi / / 1 / / pustaka kA prArambha isa prakAra se hai zrI.....'na....hA . ."NA... pa ..."na..........saM...."ma......"tnA...... ra ".'Sya""""dohA' isa pustaka meM isa prakAra akSaroM kA sthAna chor3a kara likhane kI pravRtti sthAna-sthAna para pAI jAtI hai| kaI anya granthoM meM bhI isI pravRtti kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha pustaka anuvAda rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai kintu kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha rasAnaMda ke svarUpAnusAra hI hai| gaNeza-vaMdanA dekhie "bighanaharana asaranasarana, karata surAsara seva / modakarana karunAbharana, jaya jaya gaNapati deva / / chappai-sobhita mukaTa siSaMDa gaMDa maMDita alakAvali / karata caMdaduti maMda kuMdaniMdaka dasanAvali / / kaTi sudesa paTa pIta karana kuMDala chabi chAjai / 'rasa aAnaMda' duti deSi koTi manmatha chavi lAjai / / atulita pratApa vikrama vidita, sakata na sa ti aura sumRti bhani / vraja - maMDana pUrana aMsa jaya, avatArI avatAra mani / / gaNapati, ziva, hanumAna Adi kI prArthanA ke uparAnta 'rAjavaMsa' kA varNana hai| isa pustaka meM 67 taraMgeM haiM aura pratyeka taraMga ke anta meM bharatapura kI pracalita praNAlI ke anusAra eka hI chaMda kI pAvatti hai, jisakA cauthA caraNa viSaya ke anusAra badala jAtA hai / isa grantha meM nimna tIna caraNoM ko prAvRtti huI hai vRja avani kara bharatAra sujasa bhaMDAra guna prAgAra hai / jadavaMsamani avatAra zrI balavaMta bhUpa udAra hai / / tihi heta rasa aAnaMda yaha saMgrAma-ratnAkara rcyo| 1 bIca ke akSara nahIM haiM jo isa krama se hone cAhie ma ma ga dhi taye maH tha grA ra ka li te| ina saba ko milA kara yaha banatA hai'zrI ma na ma hA ga NA dhi pataye namaH atha saMgrAma ra nA kara liSya te /

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253 253 matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena aura phira 'taraMga' ke anusAra cothe caraNa meM isa prakAra kahate haiMprathama taraMga-taha graMtha ke prAraMbha mAhi taraMga prathamahi ka sacyau / dvitIya taraMga-tahaM jagya ke prArambha mAhi taraMga dUje ko sacyau / SaSTama taraMga-kiya parAjaya nRpa yauvanAsva taraMga SaSTama ko sacyo / navama taraMga-vyAsokta dharma naresa prati su taraMga navamahi ko sacyau / aMtima taraMga--varnana sravana mAhAtmya ko su taraMga satasaThi ko sacyau / ' ' azvamedha parva meM divijaya ke hetu bahuta se saMgrAma hue the| mahArAja baladevasiMhajI ne bhI aneka yuddha kie aura vijaya prApta kii| kavi ne donoM samaya ke yuddhoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| kavi likhatA hai-- samara ghora kiya likka saMga, zrI baladeva sujaan| tAko kachuka udAharana, kIjata mati anumAna / / zrI vajeMdra baladeva imi, jIti likka saMgrAma / lahyo sujasa rUpI jagata, jaita patra abhirAma // vikrama tyAha pratApa ko, suniyata sujasa digaMta / tinake putra prasiddha jaga, pragaTe zrI balavaMta / / tinake mAthe soMpi saba, rAjakAja ko bhAra / sevana kiya girirAja ko, nija kula-dharma vicAra / / pustaka meM baladevasiMha kA raNakauzala bhI dikhAyA gayA hai-- 1. Sagga gahi kara meM umaggi baladevasiMha , ase kopi likkadala uppara nikAre kara / bhana 'rasagrAnaMda' vituDana ke paMDana ke , suDana musaMDana ke pAre bhuva bhAre bhara / / ThaTTa juri koTa paM ikaThe jo subhaTTa car3he , kaTTi kaTTi jaTTana ne daTTi ke utauratara / vara koM varaMganA TaTorati na ruDana au , hAra heta muDani baTorata na hAre hara / / 2. aso kInoM samara pratApI baladevasiMha , jAko laSi chAtI dhadhakAtI amarana kii| bhani 'rasa aAnaMda' jamAta bhUta juggina ke , nacata carana lAgI kIca rUdhirana kI / / pramudita varani varaMganA varana lAgI, kAMti ubharana lAgI jyoti bivarana kii| kATi kATi vaTakA maga khI karana lAgI , paravI parana lAgI caravI - carana kI / /

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254 adhyAya 7--anuvAda-graMtha azvamedha parva kI kathA dUsarI taraMga se prArambha hotI hai janmejaya nRpa suni cukyau, nijakula kathA anUpa / pAratha kRSNa sahAya teM, jAtyo bhAratha bhUpa / punyazlokI dharma suta, tAsu caritra pavitra / suni kuru nRpa muni soM karayo, aura prazna vicitra / / prArthanA ke zlokoM kA anuvAda bhI acchA huA hai tuma nara nArAyana rUpa svaccha , maiM laSe bhAgya ke vala prataccha / he kamalanena he jaga adhAra , hai tuma kauM mero namaskAra / / anta meM phala isa prakAra diyA huA hai yaha asvamedha uttama ju parva , tote meM banana kIna sarva / yAko su sravana phala hai sanAya , mai varanyau sunu tU satya bhAi / godAna sahasa ko phala ju aAhi , parvahi ju sune pAvahi umAhi / / sunivete aSTAdasa purAna / jA phala ko pAvata hai pramAna / zraddhA yuta yA parvahi sunaMta / tAhI phala ko pAvata turaMta / / gItA ke kaI anuvAda mile / ina anuvAdoM meM saMskRta ke zlokoM kA kramabaddha anuvAda karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai / prathama adhyAya ke do tIna zloka dekhie-' dharmakSetra kurukSetra meM, mile yuddha ke sAja / saMjaya mo suta pAMDavani, kIne kaise kAja / / milAie dharmakSetre kurukSetre samavetA yuyutsavaH / mAmakAH pANDavAzcaiva kimakurvata saMjaya / / 1 pAMDava sainA bahu laSai, duryodhana Dhiga jaai| niju prAcArya droMna soM bole ase bhAi / / milAie dRSTvA tu pANDavAnIkaM vyUDhaM duryodhanastadA / prAcAryamupasaMgamya rAjA vacanamabravIt / / pAMDava senA ati bar3I, prAcAraja tU deSi / dhaSTadumna tuva ziSya nai, vyUha racyo ju viseSi / / ' yaha anuvAda adhUrA hI milaa| parantu anuvAda kI dRSTi se bahuta upayukta pratIta huA, gItA ke anuvAdakoM kA patA nahIM laga sakA, kintu bhASA, lipi Adi ko dekhate hue pratIta huA ki ye anuvAda yahIM kiye gaye /

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matsya-pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 255 milAie pazyatAM pANDuputrANAmAcArya mahatIM camUm / vyUDhAM drupadaputra Na tava ziSyeNa dhImatA // isa anuvAda meM paMkti kA paMkti meM anuvAda kiyA gayA hai, kintu padyAtmaka anuvAda hone ke kAraNa kucha zabdoM kA anuvAda chUTa bhI gayA hai aura sAtha hI kucha choTe moTe zabda bar3ha bhI gae haiM / vaise anuvAda kAphI acchA aura maMjA humA hai| bhAgavata ke bhI kaI anuvAda mile / ye anuvAda adhikatara bhajana karane ke bastoM meM pAe gae / mere pUjya pitAjI ke pUjA vAle baste meM bhAgavata aura gotA bhASA TIkA kI do hastalikhita pratiyAM aba taka surakSita haiM kintu anuvAda-kartA tathA anuvAda karane ke samaya kA kucha patA nahIM lagatA, isIlie aise anuvAdoM ko matsya-pradeza ke sAhitya meM sammilita karane meM saMkoca hotA hai / kalAnidhijI ke sahayogI kavi somanAthajI ne 'bhAgavata dazamaskaMdha' ke uttarAddha kA anuvAda kiyaa|' udAharaNa dekheM--- paMcAsai adhyAi meM, jarAsaMdha ke trAsa / durga racAyau siMdhu meM, zrI goviMda prakAsa / / tahAM Apane narani ko, rASi kuTuba sahitta / mAra kapaTa juta daitya ko, kari ke kapaTa-caritra / parama sughara zrIkRSNa ne, dharamarIti ko sAji / jarAsiMdhu ko jIta liya, puni binu jatane gAji / / isa anuvAda ke kucha aMza mUla sahita die jA rahe haiM"zrI zukovAcaanuvAda mUla asti prApta imi nAmani vArI / astiH prAptizca kaMsasya nRpati kaMsa kI _ varanArI // mahiSyau bhrtrssbh| kaMsa kaMta ke mare dudhyaanii| mRte bhartari duHkhArte gaI pitA ke gRha akulAni / / IyatuH sma pituhAn / kavi ne isa pustaka kA nAma 'vrajeMdra vinoda' rakhA thaa| dekhie-- 'iti zrImanmahArAjAdhirAja vrajeMdra zrI sujAnasyaMgha hetave mAthura kavi somanAtha viracite bhAgavata dazamaskaMdha bhASAyAM 'vajeMdra-vinoda' dvArakA durga nivezanaM nAma paMcAzattamodhyAya // 50 // yaha prati saMvat 1837 kI likhI huI hai / pustaka ke anta meM likhA hai-- 'zrI manamahArAjadhirAjA vrajeMdra raNajItasiMha paThanArthaM lipikRtaM kAzamIrI paMDita bhAskareNa / saMvat 1837 jyeSTha zudi dasa somvaasre|'

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256 adhyAya 7-anuvAda - graMtha magadha rAjadhAnI ko nAika / jarAsaMdha ho pitu saba lAika / tAsoM sigarI kahI khaanii| kaMta marana kI soka samAMnI // pitre magadharAjAya jarAsaMdhAya duHkhite| vedAyAMcanataH sarvamAtmavaidhavya kAraNam // so suni bAta duSprada bhArI / sa tadapriyamAkarNya zoka amarSa bharyo pana dhArI / / zokAmarSayuto nRpH| jAdava binu dharanI ko krnau| ayAdavIM mahIM katu udyama karatu bhayo suSa haranau / / cakre paramamudyamam / / isI prakAra mUla se milatA huA anuvAda calatA hai| anuvAda meM kAvyachaTA aura zabda-sauMdarya barAbara milatA hai / hAthiyoM kA varNana dekhiye saje puja daMtIni ke aMga bhAre / utaMge jaladdani ke raMga kAre / / zrRMDani ke maddhi siMdUra sohai / kanauMtI sirI kubha paM citta mohai / / upaniSadoM kA anuvAda honA bahuta duSkara hai, kyoMki sUtroM kA anuvAda eka prakAra se asaMbhava sA hI hai / saMskRta meM to samAsayukta padAvalI ke kAraNa 'gAgara meM sAgara' kI ukti caritArtha ho jAtI hai, kintu hindI meM aisA honA saMbhava nahIM / ataeva kalAnidhi kA likhA huA jo 'upaniSat sAra' nAmaka grantha upalabdha huA hai use anuvAda-grantha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, usameM to eka prakAra se sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ko gaI hai / isIliye hamane isa grantha ke udAharaNa 'gadya-graMtha' ke aMtargata die haiN| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kalAnidhi kI isa vyAkhyA kA anuvAda kI dRSTi se kyA mUlya lagAyA jAya / yadyapi aneka vidvAn isa prakAra kI pustakoM ko anuvAda hI kahate haiM ; paMDita zukadeva bihArI mizra ne bhI isI prakAra likhA hai'kalAnidhi ne brahmasUtra tattirIya, mAMDUkya, kena , praznopaniSada ke acche anuvAda kiye|" kintu hameM isa grantha ko anuvAda kahane meM saMkoca hotA hai-ise to vyAkhyA, vivecana, spaSTIkaraNa aAdi nAma diye jA sakate haiM, anuvAda nahIM / hitopadeza' bahuta samaya se pracalita rahA hai / bhAratIya bhASAoM ke atirikta anya dezoM kI bhASAoM meM bhI isa grantha ke anuvAda kiye jA cuke haiN| isa grantha ko bhAratIya nIti aura prAcAra kA pramANa-gratha mAnanA cAhiye / matsyapradeza meM bhI hitopadeza ke kaI anuvAda mile / eka anuvAda rAmakavi kRta 1 paTanA yUni0 lekcarsa 'itihAsa para hindI sAhitya kA prabhAva / '

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 257 'hitAmatalatikA' nAma se milA / yaha anuvAda bharatapura ke mahArAja balavaMtasiMha ke liye kiyA gayA thaa| isa pustaka kI patra saMkhyA 133 hai / isa graMtha meM vibhinna prasaMgoM ko isa 'latikA' kI zAkhA, dala aAdi kahA gayA hai| kavi kA kathana hai pATava pura hari sastra napa tiha kRta hita upadesa / vAcA parama vicitra jaha nIti aneka naresa / / tihi ke mata anusAra maiM nRpa vajesa ke hetu / hita amRta latikA karUM sumari umA vRSaketu / / sAkhA nIti aneka baDhi bhaI hita amata beli / jAna sajIvana rAmakavi kInI ikat sakeli / / ' ___ isa latikA meM cAra dala haiN| kisI bhI dala ke aMta meM varNya-viSaya kI ora saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kevala itanA ho kahA hai "..." hitAmRtalatikAyAM (amuka) dala samAptam" / prakaraNa ye haiM mitta lAbha sajjana sumiti, vigraha saMdhi upAya / bagnau yaha meM pAMca vidhi aparagraMtha mata lAya / / anuvAda kI dRSTi se milAne yogya kucha avataraNa'pUchau jo kachu muhi apara bAta / maiM kahauM tumhAre heta tAta / / "aparaM kiM kathayAmi kathayatAm / " mUraSa ko siSa diye hAni apanau hita saba su hoI / jyauM bAnara siSa daya Sagana apanI budhi taM thala SoI / / mUla-vidvAnevopadeSTavyo nAvidvAMstu kadAcana / ___ vAna rAnapadizyAtha sthAnabhraSTA yayuH khagAH / / hitopadeza-deviyA SavAsa' kA likhA huA / hitopadeza ke isa anuvAda meM 'vigraha', 'saMdhi' nAma ke kevala do prasaMga mile haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha prati bikro hetu likhI gaI thii| isake Upara likhA hai-'hitopadeza bhASA kalamI 1 rAmakavi ke saMbaMdha meM kucha varNana rItikAvya ke aMtargata mila sakegA--vizeSataH 'chaMdasAra' ke prasaMga meN| 2 deviyA khavAsa kavi zreSTha rasAnaMdajI kA khavAsa thaa| satsaMga kA sundara prabhAva yadi dekhanA ho to deviyA se bar3ha kara dUsarA udAharaNa nahIM mila sakatA / sena vaMza meM utpanna yaha vyakti apane mAlika ke kAraNa saMskRta tathA bhASA donoM meM pAraMgata ho gayA /

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258 adhyAya 7-anuvAda-graMtha jilda sameta 1 // )' / pustaka kI lambAI caur3AI kAphI hai aura sundara lipi meM likhe hue 45 patra haiN| isa pustaka ko saMvat 1861 vi0 meM pUrNa kiyA gayA - "te muhi para anukUla, rahau siyA sAnuja sahita / hatI jagata kI sUla, pAhi pAhi raghukula tilaka || sasi rasa rUdra vadaMta, saMvata mahinau vRddhi ravi / kavi kRta gupta mataMta, ekAtithi sasi dina sucita / / 1" isa pustaka kA prArambha isa prakAra huaA hai "zrI manna mahAgaNAdhipataye namaH atha vigraha kathA tRtIya hitopadeza kI deviyA kRta lissyte| zrI raghuvara ke pada kamala sumari manAya gaNeza / kahI kathA vigraha tRtIya bhASA hita upadeza / tinarAjakumArina shRdbhed| saba sunyau sucita hai vigata heta / / puni vipra viznu sarmA sabhAga | kachu aura kathA ko kahana lAga / / bhavatprasAdAcchu taH / sukhino bhUtA vayam yadeva bhavadbhyo rocate tatkathayAmi / " kathAnaka isa prakAra yA anuvAda ika karpUra desa ke mAMhI / padamakeli saravara uhi ThAMhI / / kAhU eka samaya haraSAI | saba paMchina mili racyo upAI // mUla saMskRta asti karpUra dvIpe padmakeli-nAmadheyaM saraH / sa ca sarvairjalacarapakSimilitvA pakSirAjye'bhiSiktaH / / sarala, avikala aura dhArA pravAha anuvAda aura bhI dekheN| yathA ' atha vAnara khaga kI kathAkavitta narmadA nadI ke tIra parvata hai tAke tara, saimari ko vRkSa tApa paMchina ko ghara hai| eka samhai varSA kAla bhAdoM kI AdhI rAta , dAminI damaka rahI varaSA ko bhara hai| 5 hameM yaha kalamI pustaka saMvat 1611 mAgha zukla 5 kI likhI milI ___ 'iti zrI paMcamopAkhyAna rAjanIti zAstra hitopadeza saMdhi kathA caturtha deviyA saina vaMsa kRtena samAptoyaM // 4 //

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 256 ghumaDi garaji medha parana salila lAgyo , jora sauM musaladhAra mAruta ko sara hai| tAhI kAla kIsa eka bhIjatI pahAra tyAgi , baiThyo vAhI vRkSa tarai kAMpato sau dhara hai| mUla saMskRta se milAeM ___'asti narmadA tIre parvatopatyakAyAM vizAlaH zAlmalItaruH / tatra nirmitanIDakroDe pakSiNaH sukhaM varSAsvapi nivasati / athai kadA varSAsu nIlapaTalariva jaladharapaTalairAvRte nabhastale dhArAsAraimahatI vRSTirbabhUva / tato vAnarAMstarutale'vasthitAn zItAkimpamAnAnavalokya.. .. tAte mUrakha ko upadesa / kabahuna dIjai sunauM naresa / / mUla saMskRta-'ato haM'bravImi-vidvAnevopadeSTavyo nAvidvAMstu kadAcana / ' pustaka kI samApti para kavi kA kathana hai-- yaha kathA vigraha saMskRta kI varani maiM bhASA krii| nRpa heta jasamatasyaMgha jU ke sadAM rasa aAnanda bharI / / viSyAta sainA vaMsa meM kavi deviyA gurusoM sunii| tinakI kRpA ko lAya bala anusAra mata apane bhnii|| hitopadeza kA eka aura anavAda milA kintu durbhAgya se yaha pustaka bhI apUrNa hai / prathama 35 zloka nahIM milate / isa hastalikhita prati meM mUla saMskRta zloka bhI die hue haiM aura unakA anuvAda bhii| gadyabhAga kA anuvAda gadya meM hI kiyA gayA hai / zloka bhI gadya meM hI anUdita haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhie-- mUla-upAyena hi yacchakyaM na tacchavayaM praakrmH| kAkyA kanakasUtroNa kRSNasarpo nipAtitaH / / anuvAda- jAte ju kAraja upAya kara hoI, su bala tai kabaU na hoI / jAteM eka kAganI sone ke sUtra kara kAlo sAMpa mrvaayo| mala-karakaTa: pRcchati, kathametata / damanakaH kathayati kasmiMzcittarau vAyasadaMpatI nivasataH [sma] / tayozcApatyAni tatkoTarAvasthitena kRSNasaraNa khAditAni / tataH punargarbhavatI vAyasI vAyasamAha-nAtha tyajyatAmayaM taruH / atra yAvatkRSNasarpastAvadAvayoH saMtatiH kadAcidapi na bhaviSyati / 1 balavaMtasiMhajI ke pazcAt jasavaMtasiMhajI bharatapura ke rAjA hue| inakA rAjyakAla 1906 se claa| saMbhava hai balavaMtasiMhajI ne apane putra ke lie isa pustaka kA prAraMbha karAyA ho| kavi ne apane guru rasAnaMda kA nAma bhI isa chaMda meM yukti se dhara diyA hai| yaha graMtha nizcayapUrvaka mahArAja jasavaMtasiMhajI ke samaya meM hI samApta huprA 'aseM vikaTesa zrI brajeMdra jasavaMta syaMgha maMgalasameta tumai deu merU mana ke / '

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adhyAya 7 - anuvAda-grantha anuvAda- taba karakaTa kahI yaha kaisI kathA hai / taba damanuka kahata hai| kauMne aika rUSa pAI aika kAga aru aMka kAgani rahaiM / su vA vaSa ke por3ara meM aika kArau sAMpu rhai| su yeha kAgu ke bAlakAnha ko pAvo hI karai / jaba kAgunI ko garabha bahura rahyau taba una kAgu soM kahI, aho svAmI yaha rUSa chAr3a anyatra vAsa kiije| IhAM Iha kAre sAMpa tai hamArI saMtata na ubarihai / isI prakAra vigraha kathA bhI hai / eka zloka isa kathA kA bhI dekheM-- zloka-- 'haMsaH saha mayUrANAM vigrahe tulya-vikrame / vizvAsavaMcitA haMsA: kAkaiH sthitvArimaMdire / TIkA-haMga sauM aru mayura sauM jaba vairu upajyo taba kAga mayUra ke kaidi hoi kari haMsa hraayo| eka aura bho zloka- yaH svabhAvo hi yasya syAttasyA'sau duratikrama: / zvA yadi kriyate rAjA tatki nAznAtyupAnaham / / TIkA-jAte jAko ju subhAva hai su tAsoM choDyo na jAi / jAteM kUkara jo rAjA kriye| tehU panahIM ke bAibo na chADai / hitopadeza Adi ke anuvAda isa bAta ko batAte haiM ki anuvAda karane vAloM ne mUla kI bArIkiyoM para koI khAsa dhyAna nahIM diyA, phira bhI bhAva ko rakSA saMtoSajanaka rUpa meM ho sakI hai / usa samaya matsya-pradeza meM anuvAda kA puSkala kArya jisa druta gati se huA usako dekha kara Azcaryacakita ho jAnA par3atA hai / 'sujAnavilAsa' ke nAma se somanAtha ne siMhAsana battIsI kA anuvAda kiyA hai| isa graMtha ko saralatA se anuvAda grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| sujAnasiMhajI ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA--- sabhA maddhi ika dina kahI, zrI sujAna musikyAi / saumanAtha yA graMtha kI, bhASA dehu banAi // ima grantha ko kathA sAhitya meM lekara vahIM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / matsya pradeza meM saMskRta granthoM ke anuvAda kA kArya paryApta hunaa| isa saMbaMdha meM kucha bAteM ullekhanIya haiM 1. anuvAda ke lie sabhI prakAra kI dhArmika pustakeM tathA nItisaMbaMdhI sAhitya cunA gayA / 2. mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa jaise dIrghakAya granthoM ke padyAtmaka anuvAda matsya ke kaviyoM kA gorava bar3hAne meM jvalaMta pramANa haiN| una kaviyoM kI vidvattA, karmaNyatA aura sAtha hI rAjAoM kI guNagrAhakatA tathA udAratA vAstava meM prazaMsanIya hai /

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matsya-pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 261 3. matsya meM anuvAda kA kArya sAdhAraNataH acchA ho huA / mUla se bilakula mela khAnA to usa samaya na Avazyaka thA aura na sambhava, parantu ina anuvAdoM meM mUla ko bhAva-rakSA acchI taraha ho pAI hai / 4. matsya ke anya sAhitya granthoM ke sadRza anuvAda sAhitya bhI adhika alaMkRta nahIM hai| sAtha hI yahA~ para alaMkRta granthoM ke anuvAda bhI nahIM hue kyoMki unakA pracAra kevala saMskRta ko vidvanmaMDalI taka sImita thaa| 5. yahAM ke kaviyoM kA dhyAna loka-sAhitya kI ora adhika gayA / dharma kI dRSTi se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata aura gItA hindU dharma ke abhinna aMga haiN| Aja bhI ina sabhI ke pArAyaNa tathA pATha hote rahate haiM / ina graMthoM kA pracAra tathA sammAna donoM hI haiN| ye graMtha jana-jIvana kA aMga bana cuke haiM, aura matsya ke kaviyoM ne bhI inhIM graMthoM kI ora dhyAna diyA, jana-sAhitya meM pracalita loka kathAoM ke bhI anuvAda kie gae jaisehitopadeza, siMhAsana battIsI, zuka bahattarI Adi / saMskRta pustakoM ke atirikta kucha phArasI pustakoM ke anuvAda bhI hue| musalamAnoM ke prabhAva se yahAM bhI phArasI kA pracAra thA aura par3he likhe logoM meM phAraso jAnane vAloM ko hI saMkhyA adhika hotI thii| mugaloM kI rAjabhASA hone ke nAte deza meM phAraso kA pracAra sarvatra ho gayA thA / hameM vizvasta rUpa se yaha kahA gayA thA ki 'anavAra suhelI' kA hindI anuvAda bharatapura rAjya meM kiyA gayA thA, kintu bahuta khojane para bhI yaha anuvAda prApta nahIM ho sakA / ' prAIne akabarI-hiMdI meM likhI milii| pustaka kA prArambha isa prakAra hai 'yaha rAjanIta aru pAIna mAphika hukama akabara bAdasAha ke liSI jAta hai, sAhajAde aru umarAva aru prAlima aru kotavAla aru saba kAravArI yAhI AIna mAphika rAja kAja meM brte|' yaha pustaka alavara rAjya meM hI likhI gii| isameM rAjanIti tathA sAmAnya nIti saMbaMdhI aneka bAteM haiM-- 'Izvara ko manateM na bhulAiye / binA upadeza aura bhalI carcA ke muSa teM koI vacana nahIM kAr3hiye / jo kachu kAraja kiyA cAhe tAkA bheda kAhU ko na doje / bAlaka 1 harSa kA viSaya hai ki apane landana-pravAsa meM briTiza myUjiyama ke prAcyavibhAga meM mujhe isa kA hindI padyAnuvAda 'hitakalpadruma' nAma se mila gyaa| isa para merA vistRta lekha 'anuzIlana' san 1962, bhAga 2 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai /

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zradhyAya 7 - anuvAda - graMtha aura strI jo kahe tAkI pratIta na kIjiye aura inoM te mana kA bheda na kahie / lugAI ke basa na ho jAiye / rAjana ke hita kI pratIta na kIjiye / 1 262 phArasI kI adhika pustakoM ke anuvAda prApta nahIM ho sake / matsya ke pustakAlayoM meM urdU vibhAga dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki phArasI graMthoM kA urdU bhASA meM anuvAda adhika huA / ina sabhI bAtoM se patA lagatA hai ki matsya ke rAjA vAstava meM sAhityasevI the / hindI aura saMskRta ko to protsAhana milatA hI thA, phArasI aura urdU para bhI unakI kRpA rahatI thI / bharatapura tathA alavara ke pustakAlayoM evaM saMgrahAlayoM meM urdU aura phArasI ke aneka hastalikhita graMtha mile / alavara kA saMgraha to bahuta hI mUlyavAn samajhA jAtA hai / phArasI kI kucha pratiyAM to sahasroM rupaye ke mUlya kI haiN| yahAM saMskRta kI pustakeM bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM haiM / matsya ke kaviyoM ne anuvAda karate samaya saMskRta graMthoM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA aura yadi ye sabhI anuvAda ekatra ho jAyeM to hindI sAhitya ke lie bar3I hI gaurava kI bAta ho / eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se dekhI gaI / somanAtha, deviyA, govarddhana, rasAnaMda Adi anuvAdakartA uccakoTi ke kavi bhI the / grataH ina anuvAdoM meM padyakI pradhAnatA hai / gadyAnuvAda bahuta kama milate haiM aura ve bhI sAdhAraNa koTi ke / phira, hinduoM ke dhArmika saMskRta graMtha padya meM adhika haiM aura anuvAdaka yahI ThIka samajhate the ki una granthoM kI padyAtmakatA naSTa na hone pAve / yo kavijana anuvAda ke kSetra meM bhI apanA kAvya cAturya pradarzita kara sakate the kintu yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki isa taraha anuvAda kA stara U~cA rakhanA bahuta kaThina hai / phira bhI, matsya ke sAhityakAroM dvArA anuvAda ke kSetra meM saMtoSajanaka kArya huA / ' kalakattA madarasA ke eca0 blAkamaina ke dvArA kiye gaye AIne akabarI ke aMgrejI anu vAda meM ye prasaMga isa rUpa meM nahIM mile /

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adhyAya 8 upasaMhAra matsya pradeza kA hastalikhita sAhitya ekatrita karane meM mujhe aneka sthAnoM, vyaktigata pustakAlayoM tathA saMsthAoM kI khoja karanI par3I aura tabhI isa prAMta ke kucha gauravamaya, kintu aba taka prApta pRSTha hAtha laga sake / jo kucha sAmagrI mujhe mila sakI usake grAdhAra para maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki 'nAgarI guNAgarI' ke sAhitya bhaNDAra kI vRddhi karane meM matsya pradeza kisI bhI prakAra pIche nahIM rahA / yaha avazya hai ki vidvAnoM aura anveSakoM kA isa ora yathocita dhyAna na hone ke kAraNa yahA~ kA bahuta-sA sAhitya to naSTa ho gayA aura jo bacA bhI hai vaha prakAza meM nahIM hai / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki kucha khojakartAoM ne isa kArya meM bahuta saMkucita manovRtti kA paricaya diyA / kucha ne to sAmagrI ekatrita kara use idhara-udhara de DAlA aura kisI prakAra ke prakAzana ke lie avasara nahIM diyA / prakAzana se bhI patA lagatA hai ki matsya ke sAhityakAra kisa prakAra apane kArya karate rahe / kucha aise mahAnubhAva bhI haiM jo bahuta-sI mUlyavAna sAmagrI ko saMcita karake use dabAye baiThe haiN| dikhAne kI prArthanA karane para ve samajhate haiM ki yadi usa sAmagrI kA patA kisI anya vyakti ko ho gayA to anartha ho jAyegA / yadi unase usa sAmagrI ko prakAzita karane ke lie kahA jAtA hai to bahuta se bahAne upasthita kara dete haiM / bahuta sI mUlyavAna sAmagrI abhI bastoM meM baMda hai jinake adhikArI yaha jAnate hI nahIM ki usa sAmagrI kA kyA upayoga ho sakatA hai / anusaMdhAna karane vAloM ke lie nizcaya hI matsya pradeza meM pracura sAmagrI hai kintu aAvazyakatA hai kArya aura lagana kI / 1 khoja meM mile granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki matsya ke sAhityakAra prAya: rAjyAzrita the / inameM se kucha loga vetanabhogI the aura kucha sAmayika puraskAra Adi ke dvArA apanI jIvikA calAte the / yaha bAta mAnanI par3egI ki yahAM ke sAhitya-sRjana tathA vikAsa meM rAjAoM kA bahuta hAtha rahA / kucha sAhityakAra masta phakIra bhI hue jinheM kisI rAjA - raIsa kI cintA nahIM thii| pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai ki bahuta samaya pahale lAladAsa eka aise mahAtmA hue| inakI racanAeM santa-sAhitya ke aMtargata prAtI haiM / ye meva the aura musalamAna aura hindU donoM ko hI milAnA cAhate the / ye bar3e svatantra jIva the aura kabara kI prArthanA para bhI dillI nahIM gae, bAdazAha ne svayaM hI inake sthAna para Akara inakA darzana kiyA / isI prakAra caranadAsa tathA unakI

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264 upasaMhAra ziSyAeM thIM jinakA kisI bhI prakAra kI rAjya sahAyatA se koI sambandha nahIM thA / paraMtu adhika saMkhyA unhIM sAhityakAroM kI thI jo niyamita rUpa se rAjAoM dvArA sahAyatA prApta karate rahate the / zradhyAya 8 -- sAhityakAroM meM pramukhata: brAhmaNa the aura unameM bho vizeSa rUpa se 'caube ' / anya vargoM ke vyakti bhI milate haiM jaise baladeva vaizya, rasAnaMda jATa, caturbhujadAsa kAyastha, alIbakhza rAMgaDa musalamAna, deviyA khavAsa AAdi / parantu aise logoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama thii| kavitA karane kA sthAna rAjAnoM kA pradhAna nagara hotA thA / kucha kavi anya vizeSa sthAnoM jaise vaira, rAjagar3ha, DIga, basavA, mAcer3o, maMDAvara grAdi meM bhI nivAsa karate the kintu vahA~ bhI unakA saMbaMdha ThikAnedAroM grathavA rAjakumAroM se hotA thA / rAjyazrita kaviyoM ke atirikta kucha rAjA svayaM bhI acche kavi the-- bharatapura ke mahArAja baladevasiMha, alavara ke mahArAva bakhtAvara siMha aura vinaya siMha, maMDAvara ke rAva alIbakhza, karaulo ke rAjakumAra ratanapAla aura bharatapura kI mahArAnI amRtakaura svayaM hI sAhityakAra thiiN| kucha kRtiyAM dekhane para ina rAjAoM kI racanAoM ke bAre meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina pustakoM kA rAjAoM dvArA likhA jAnA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai, inheM unake zrAzrita kaviyoM ne raca kara apane AzrayadAtA ke nAma se calAyA ho / yaha bAta dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahI jA sakatI hai ki matsya-pradeza ke rAjAoM ne kalA tathA kalAkAroM ko bahuta protsAhana diyA / , jo sAhitya mujhe milA usameM se bahuta kucha aisA hai jise hindI - sAhitya ke itihAsa meM eka viziSTa sthAna kA adhikArI kahA jA sakatA hai / isameM se kucha kRtiyoM kA ullekha nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 1. navadhAbhavita- rAgarasa sAra- yaha grantha na kevala 36,000 ru0 kA puraskAra prApta kara sakA pratyuta navadhA bhakti aura rasa ke pratirikta rAgoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM pUrNa rUpa se saphala hugrA / hindI sAhitya meM isa prakAra kI pustakeM bahuta hI kama milatI haiM / 2. balabhadra ke 'sikhanaSa' para TIkA- grAja taka samasta hindI saMsAra yaho jAnatA rahA hai ki balabhadra ke sikhanaSa para sabase prathama TIkA gopAla kavi dvArA saMvat 1861 vi0 meM huii| kiMtu hamArI khoja ne yaha siddha kara diyo hai ki isa TIkA se 50 varSa pUrva hI saMvat 1842 vi0 meM manIrAma kavi dvArA isa graMtharatna kI TIkA kI jA cukI thI / kavi manIrAma ne yaha TIkA matsya - pradeza meM hI kI aura inakI TokA ko eka saphala graMtha mAnane meM kisI prakAra saMdeha nahIM

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 265 kiyA jA sktaa| kavi manIrAma kI TIkA ko hI balabhadra ke sikhanaSa para prathama TIkA mAnanA cAhie, anya prayAsa isase bahuta pIche ke haiN| 3 baSavilAsa- hindI saMsAra meM yaha mAnA jAtA rahA thA ki deva kavi sanADhya brAhmaNa the aura hiMdI sAhitya ke prAya: sabhI itihAsoM meM isI bAta kA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai| kiMtu mahArAja bakhtAvarasiMhajI ke prAzrita kavi bhogIlAla kI isa pustaka ne siddha kara diyA hai ki deva kavi kAnyakubja brAhmaNa the, sanADhya nahIM / isI bAta ko DaoN. nagendra ne svIkAra kiyA hai / 4. dhvani-prakaraNa- hiMdI ke rIti-graMthoM meM nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, sikhanakha, zRgAra Adi ke prakaraNa to milate haiM kiMtu saMskRta ke vAstavika rItikAra mammaTa, vizvanAtha Adi ke anugamanakartA nahIM dikhAI dete / somanAtha kA rasapIyUSanidhi, kalAnidhi kA alaMkAra-kalAnidhi grAdi grantha isa bAta ke prabala pramANa haiM ki matsya meM dhvani-prakaraNa kA kAphI vizleSaNa huA aura aneka rItikAroM ke matamatAMtara para suspaSTa vyAkhyA huI thii| 5. zRgora kI dRSTi se ayodhyA kA zRMgAro varNana -rAma-sItA tathA lakSmaNa-umilA ke vartamAna zRgAra varNana hindI meM navIna vastu nahIM hai / bharatapura ke kaviyoM ne inake zRMgAra kA acchA varNana kiyA hai| ina svarUpoM kI sthApanA jhUlA, holI, citrasArI Adi sabhI zRMgArI sthAnoM meM kI hai kiMtu pUjya bhAva ke saath| kailAza parvata para nivAsa karane vAle zaMkara aura pArvatI kI holI bhI zAmila kara dI gii| 6. premaratanAgara- isa grantha meM prema kI vyAkhyA kA itanA sundara aura vaijJAnika spaSTIkaraNa dekha kara Azcaryacakita honA par3atA hai| sAdhAraNatayA isa prakAra ke grantha hindI sAhitya meM nahIM milte| isI prakAra kA eka grantha 'neha nidAna' gvAliyara ke 'navIna' ne nirmita kiyA thA / mAnanA par3egA ki prema ke svarUpa kA itanA sundara aura udAharaNasahita vizleSaNa 'premaratanAgara' jaise graMthoM meM hI mila sakatA hai / 7. vicitra rAmAyaNa-khaMDelavAla vaizya kulotpanna baladeva kRta yaha rAmAyaNa vAstava meM vicitra hai / bAlakANDa tathA uttarakAMDa ke dArzanika tathA AdhyAtmika prasaMgoM ko nikAla kara rAmAyaNa ke kathAnaka ko sundara roti se 14 aMkoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / isa graMtha meM kAvyaguNa aura kathA varNana donoM kI chaTA milatI hai aura sthAna-sthAna para kavi ke zava kA smaraNa ho pAtA hai / prakRti varNana isakI vizeSatA hai|

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adhyAya 8-upasaMhAra 8 rAdhAmaMgala-pArvatImaMgala, jAnako maMgala tathA rukmiNomaMgala to hindo meM calate the kintu matsya ke eka kavirAja ne rAdhAmaMgala upasthita karake rAdhA aura kRSNa kA vivAha karA diyA hai aura yazodA dUlhA tathA dulhina ko livA kara ghara meM le jAtI hai / isa pustaka meM kalpanA kA adbhata prayoga hai| prabaMdhakAvya kI dRSTi se varNana kI saphalatA darzanIya hai, sAtha hI sthAnIya rItirasUmAta kA vistRta varNana bhii| 6. mahAdeva ko vyAhulau- hindI ke kaviyoM dvArA kaI pArvatImaMgala banAe gae kintu 'mahAdeva ko vyAhulau' dvArA kavi ne braja meM pracalita paramparA kA eka sundara udAharaNa upasthita kiyA hai| isa pustaka kI paddhati ko jogiyoM ke vyAhulau jaisA kahA jA sakatA hai kintu kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA utkRSTakoTi ko hai| 10 giravara bilAsa- kavi udaya rAma likhita yaha eka aisA sundara grantha hai jisameM rAsa ke rahasya ko batAne ke sAtha-sAtha prakRti kA eka sajIva citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| aisA mAlUma hone lagatA hai jaise kavi ne parvata, sarovara, vRkSa, raja Adi sabhI meM jIvana DAla diyA ho / isameM varNita rAsa prasaMga dvArA aja kI lIlAoM kA eka samA sA baMdha jAtA hai / 11 rAma-karuNa, hanumAna, ahirAvaNa nATaka- ina pustakoM ko nATya sAhitya kA aMga to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kintu inameM jo sakriyatA dekhI jAtI hai usake AdhAra para hama inake nAma ko sArthakatA para dhyAna de sakate haiM / yadi inako zravya-kAvya ke rUpa meM nATaka mAna leM to koI anucita bAta nahIM hogii| ina nATakoM para saMskRta sAhitya ke nATakoM kI chAyA hai aura hindI meM eka sundara prayoga hai| 12. lAla-jyAla- isa pustaka ko lAla saMgrAma bhI kaha sakate haiM jo eka 'dhyAla' ke rUpa meM hai / SyAla kA artha hotA hai 'kriidd'aa',| isameM lAla nAmaka cir3iyA kI lar3AI kA varNana hai / isa pustaka kI lipi parama vicitra hai tathA hastalikhita pustakoM meM bhI isako mUlyavAn mAnanA cAhie / hinhI meM pazu-pakSI sAhitya bahuta kama milatA hai parantu matsya ke kaviyoM ne isa ora bhI dhyAna diyA hai / 'samAvinoda' bhI eka aisI hI pustaka hai jisameM taru, sarovara, puSpa Adi mAnavIya bhAvanAoM se yukta haiN| 13. itihAsa-pradhAna vIra-kAvya- matsya pradeza kI vizeSatA hai| sujAnacaritra aura pratAparAsau ko hI liijie| ina vIra kAvyoM meM ucca koTi kI

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 267 vIratA ke darzana hote haiM aura sAtha hI inameM varNana kI huI ghaTanAeM vyakti, tithi aura saMsthAeM sabhI itihAsa dvArA pramANita haiM / isa prakAra kA vIra-kAvya eka anUThI vastu hai aura isake dvArA itihAsa ke pRSThoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karane meM pUrI sahAyatA milatI hai / 14. mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa zrAdi ke anuvAda - itanI bar3I pustakoM ke granuvAda karanA koI sAdhAraNa kArya nahIM haiM aura kAvyamaya sundara padyoM meM anuvAda karanA to aura bhI kaThina hotA hai / ina kaviyoM aura inake prAzrayadAtAoM kA utsAha dekhie ki ina bar3e-bar3e graMthoM kA pUrA anuvAda kiyaa| gItA, bhAgavata grAdi ke anuvAda to hote hI the kintu matsya ke kalAkAroM ne grAja se do sau varSa pahale rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata jaise bhImakAya graMthoM ke anuvAda bhI kara DAle / 15. bhASA bhUSaNa kI TIkA- bhASA bhUSaNa kI tIna TIkAoM ke nAma milate haiM - 1. baMsIdhara ko, 2. pratApa sAhi kI, 3. gulAba kavi kI / kintu kisI sthAna para alavarAdhIza vinayasiMha kI TIkA kA nAma nahIM miltaa| isa TIkA ke jJAna-vistAra aura vidvattA ko dekha kara cakita raha jAnA par3atA hai / TIkAkAra kA kAvya-jJAna bahuta bar3hA-car3hA hai tathA kAvya ke atirikta anya zAstroM meM bhI unakI gati hai / matsya prAMta meM hI nahIM samasta hindI prAnta meM, 'rAjAdhirAja basa suta vinayasiMha' kI TIkA nizcaya hI atyanta utkRSTakoTi kI hai / 16. caranadAsI sAhitya yaha sAhitya prakAza meM grA cukA hai aura yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki caranadAsajI aura unakI ziSyAoM dvArA saguNa-nirguNa kA utkRSTa samanvaya upasthita kiyA gayA thA / inako samAdhAna itanA acchA hai| ki bhakti ke ina donoM aMgoM meM koI jhagar3A hI nahIM / isa sAhitya meM jahA~ eka ra nirguNa saMtoM kI vANI kA AnaMda milatA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora bhagavAna ke sagaNa rUpa kI lIlAoM kA sarala varNana bhI milatA hai| inakI dhAraNAeM dRr3ha haiM aura bhakti ke ina donoM aMgoM meM kisI prakAra kA virodha dikhAI nahIM detA / 17. rAmagotam - gIta goviMda kI koTi kA rAmagItam bhI dRSTavya hai / isake varNana haripraudhajI ke patha-pradarzaka se lagate haiM / zArdUlavikrIr3ita chaMda kA udAharaNa dete hue rAdhA kI sundaratA ke varNana se samAnatA granyatra dikhAI jA cukI hai / saMskRta kAvya hote hue bhI yaha graMtha hindI vAloM ke lie bhI sugama hai / yaha aisA hI grantha hai jaise tulasI kI saMskRta garbhita prArthanAeM grathavA haripraudha ke saMskRta-garbhita priya pravAsa ke aneka prasaMga | 18. gadya sAhitya - matsya meM gadya bhI pracura mAtrA meM milA / eka gadya

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268 zradhyAya 8 - upasaMhAra pustaka se sUradAsajI ke jIvana para nayA prakAza par3atA hai ki ve rAja the tathA bhar3auvA gAyA karate the / unakA banAyA pahalA pada jisake dvArA zrAja taka govarddhanajI kI pUjA kA prArambha hotA hai isa pustaka meM batAyA gayA hai | janmAMdha hone kA bhI pakkA pramANa milatA hai / yadi matsya pradeza ke sAhitya ko hindI sAhitya ke kAla vibhAjana kI dRSTi se bhI dekhA jAya to matsya kI dena pIche nahIM pdd'tii| zuklajI ne hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ko cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai - 1. vIragAthAkAla, 2. bhaktikAla, 3. rIti tathA zRMgArakAla, aura 4. gadyakAla / matsya ke sAhitya meM vIragAthA kAla grathavA bhaktikAla isa rUpa meM to nahIM pAe jAte jaise hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM dekhe jAte haiM, kintu una kAloM meM sAhitya kI jo pravRttiyA~ rahIM tathA jisa prakAra kA sAhitya nirmita huA ve sArI bAteM yahA~ ke sAhitya meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM / hamArA saMketita kAla hiMdI rItikAla ke aMtargata AtA hai kiMtu hindI sAhitya kI saMpUrNa pravRttiyAM pracura mAtrA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / hindI ke Adi yuga kI vIragAthAoM ke rUpa meM hama sujAnasiMha, javAharasiMha, pratApasiMha, raNajItasiMha Adi se saMbaMdhita vIra sAhitya ko le sakate haiM / sujAnasiMhajI kI vIragAthAoM kA citraNa 'sujAna caritra' ke atirikta granya kinhIM graMthoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, parantu yadi citraNa kI pUrNatA dekhanI ho to udayarAma kA 'sujAna saMvat' eka acchA graMtha hai / jAcIka jIvaNa ke 'pratAparAsa ' meM alavara ke prArambhika kAla ke saMgharSa kA aitihAsika citraNa hai / yaha graMtha pratApa ke sAhasika kAryoM kI amara kahAnI hai / raNajItasiMha aura lArDa leka kI lar3AI kA bahuta-sA sphuTa sAhitya bhI milatA hai / matsya ke vIra sAhitya meM do tIna vizeSatAeM dikhAI par3atI haiM 1. vIragAthA kAla kI taraha matsya pradeza meM zRMgArapradhAna vIra-kAvya nahIM hai / yahA~ kI lar3AiyAM suMdariyoM ko pAne ke lie nahIM lar3I gaIM varan rAjya kI sthApanA tathA usakA gaurava bar3hAne hetu lar3I gaI / yahA~ ke vIragAthAkAra bhUSaNa kI rASTrIya paddhati kA anukaraNa karate pratIta hote haiM / ye vora deza kI svataMtratA aura usakI sthiratA ke lie talavAra calAte the, janAne mahala kA gaurava bar3hAne ke lie nahIM / unake vyaktigata jIvana meM vilAsa nAma kI koI cIja thI hI nahIM / 2. hindI ke Adiyuga kI vIragAthAoM kA aitihAsika mUlya bahuta kama hai

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 266 yahA~ taka ki caMda ke 'rAso' ko bhI kucha logoM dvArA kalpita aura usake bahuta se aMza ko prakSipta samajhA jAtA hai / matsya ke kAvyoM ko itihAsa kA poSaka samajhanA cAhie / jahAM kahIM sAhitya dvArA itihAsa-pratipAdana kA prasaMga AvegA vahA~ matsya sAhitya ko avazya hI prAthamikatA milegii| apane prAzrayadAtAnoM kI vIratA kA gAna karate hue bhI ina kaviyoM ne apanI vANI para pUrA saMyama rakhA aura itihAsa ke tathyoM ko rakSA kii| 3 ina kAvyoM meM yuddha kA citra upasthita karate samaya kaviyoM ne projapUrNa zailI kA aisA sundara saMyoga kiyA hai ki ghaTanA ko vAstavikatA kA prAnaMda pAne lagatA hai / sUdana kA sujAnacaritra isa viSaya meM eka anUThA graMtha samajhanA caahie| matsya ke sAhitya meM bhakti-saMbaMdhI kAvya bhI pracura mAtrA meM prApta huA / rAmAzrayI dhArA meM vicitra rAmAyaNa, ahirAvaNa tathA rAma karuNanATaka, hanumAna nATaka, vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anuvAda, padoM meM rAma-kathA ke prasaMga, rAmajanmotsava Adi mUlyavAna pustakeM haiM / kRSNa kI to yaha lIlA bhUmi hai hI aura bharatapura ke rAjAoM ko 'vrajeMdra' kahalAne kA gaurava prApta hai| kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA gAna yahAM ke rAjA-prajA, amIra-garIba, hindU-musalamAna sabhI ne kiyA aura kRSNa lIlAoM se saMbaMdhita vibhinna prakAra ke kAvyoM kI racanA huii| kRSNa kI lIlAeM, rAsa paMcAdhyAyI, anya maMgaloM ke sAtha rAdhA-maMgala, horo aAdi aneka prakAra kI kAvya sAmagro dikhAI par3atI hai| nirguNa saMtoM kI vANI nirguNiye bhaktoM ke dvArA hI nahIM pratyut saguNa bhaktoM ke mukha se mukharita hotI hai aura premamArgIya zAkhA bhI 'prema-rasAla' ke rUpa meM gulAmamuhammada sunAte haiN| isake sAtha hI prAcIna saMskRta granthoM ke anuvAda bhI milate haiN| upaniSadoM kA pracAra, devI kI upAsanA Adi hindU dharma ke aMga matsya ke sAhitya dvArA parivaddhita aura puSTa hue / isa sAhitya kI kucha vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM 1. yahA~ ke sAhitya meM rAma aura kRSNa donoM hI avatAroM ko kathAeM samAna rUpa meM milatI haiM / matsya meM pAI gaI sAmagrI ko dekha kara yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahAM rAma-saMbaMdhI sAhitya bhI kAphI likhA gyaa| yaha noTa karane kI bAta hai ki matsya kA rAma-saMbaMdhI sAhitya itanA gambhora nahIM hai jitanA prAya: pAyA jAtA hai / bhaktoM ne apanI sahRdayatA se rAma-sAhitya ko bhI bahuta sarasa banA diyA hai / 2. yahAM ke kaviyoM ne isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai ki sarasatA ke sAtha-sAtha avatAroM ke prati pUjya-bhAva meM kisI prakAra kI kamI na pAne pAve /

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270 adhyAya 8 - upasaMhAra aneka zRMgAra-pradhAna varNanoM ke hote hue bhI matsya ke kaviyoM ne isa bAta ko nahIM bhulAyA ki kRSNa aura rAma bhagavAna ke avatAra haiM tathA unakI zaktiyAM sItA aura rAdhA bhI hamAre pUjya bhAva kI adhikAriNI haiM / do eka sthaloM ko chor3akara yahAM ke sAhitya meM vAsanAmaya prasaMga dikhAI nahIM par3ate / 3. isa pradeza ke bhakti-kAvya meM saguNa aura nirguNa kA eka vicitra samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai| caraNadAsajI ke dvArA kiyA gayA saguNa aura nirguNa kA samanvaya tathA anya kaviyoM dvArA rAma aura kRSNa meM sampUjya bhAvanA isa pradeza ko paraMparA sI rahI / matsya meM rIti saMbaMdhI aneka pustakeM likhI gaI aura ina pustakoM meM sabhI viSayoM kA vivecana huaa| rasasiddhAnta, dhvanisiddhAnta, alaMkAranirUpaNa, piMgalaprakAza, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, sikhanakha, RtuvarNana Adi sabhI viSayoM para pustakeM likhI giiN| isa ora kAma karane vAloM meM kalAnidhi, somanAtha. rasAnaMda, bhogIlAla, zivarAma, rAmakavi, harinAtha, goviMda, jugalakavi, motIrAma Adi ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| hindI ke itihAsa meM prAcArya aura kaviyoM kA vibhAjana karane meM prAyaH kaThinAI hotI hai| matsya ke kucha kavi to vAstava meM prAcArya nAma ke adhikArI haiM / saMskRta ke rIti-granthoM kA adhyayana aura manana karane ke uparAnta hI yahAM ke kaviyoM ne apane rIti-grantha likhe / bharata kA nATyazAstra, vizvanAtha kA sAhityadarpaNa, mammaTa kA kAvya-prakAza abhinavagupta kA 'locana' Adi roti grantha bahuta priya rahe aura inhIM ke prAdhAra para rotisiddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane kI ceSTA kI gii| hindI meM pracalita paddhati ke anusAra zRMgAra rasa kA varNana karate hue zRMgArI kavitA kI racanA bhI huii| yahAM ke rIti sAhitya meM kucha bAteM vizeSa rUpa se dekhI jAtI haiM 1. matsya ke rItikAroM ne rasa aura dhvani prAdi mukhya prasaMgoM ko chor3A nahIM varan unako pUrI vyAkhyA kii| dhvani, guNIbhUta vyaMgya, adhama kAvya para usI prakAra vicAra kiyA gayA jisa prakAra saMskRta ke prAcArya karate the| kucha granthoM meM to adhyAyoM kA krama bhI saMskRta ke prasiddha rIti graMthoM ke anusAra hI rakhA gyaa| unameM piMgala-prakaraNa bar3hAnA yahAM ke rItikAroM kI vizeSatA thii| hamArI khoja meM aneka pustakeM aisI milI jo ki kAvya-vivecana kI dRSTi se sarvAMgINa kahI jA sakatI haiM / 2. prAcAryatva ke guNoM se pUrNa kaI kavi milate haiN| zivarAma, rasAnada kalAnidhi, harinAtha aura somanAtha ke dvArA jo lakSaNa aura udAharaNa diye gaye haiM tathA unakA jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai usase lekhakoM kI vaijJAnika buddhi

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matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena 271 kA paricaya milatA hai| matsya ke rItikAroM meM dAsa, toSa, deva grAdi ke sAtha biThAne ke liye kaI kavi haiM / 3. roti granthoM kA praNayana rAjAoM ke paThana-pAThana hetu hotA thA isaliye unameM isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki pAThya sAmagro saMyana ho aura zRMgAra ke varNana bhI zola kI sImA kA ullaMghana na karane paaveN| samajha meM Ane ko sugamatA kI aora bhI dhyAna diyA jAtA thaa| rAga-rAginiyoM Adi ko bhI sugama praNAlI meM hI abhivyakta kiyA gyaa| yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki yahAM ke grantha saralatA ke sAtha-sAtha vaijJAnikatA liye huye haiM / hindI kA aAdhunika kAla gadya kola ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai / isa kAla kA prAraMbha saMvat 1600 se mAnA jAtA hai| gadya ke vikAsa hetu aneka prayatna hue aura dhAre-dhIre khar3o bolo gadya kA Adhunika rUpa bhI vikasita huaa| matsya ke gadya sAhitya meM khar3I bolI yA kisI anya gadya ko vikasita karane ko koI preraNA nahIM dekhI jaato| yahAM jo kucha bhI gadya likhA gayA vaha apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI vikasita huyA / hamAre Alocya kAla meM matsya kA brajabhASA gadya hI dekhane ko milatA hai| bhASA-bhUSaNa ko TokA, akalanAme, hitopadeza kI kahAnI, siMhAsana battIso, vairAgya sAgara, upaniSadoM kI vyAkhyA Adi meM brajabhASA gadya kA rUpa milatA hai / apekSAkRta pichale gadya meM kucha khar3I bolI ke rUpa bhI milate haiN| aMgrejI prAntoM kI taraha matsya meM gadya kI vegavato gati dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, kintu jo bhI milA hai vaha saMyata aura madhura hai-- 1. matsya kA brajabhASA gadya hI yahAM ke sAhityika gadya kI pratiSThA karatA hai| aMgrejI prAntoM meM to sAhityika gadya khar3I bolI kA gadya kahalAtA thA kintu 1650 vi0 taka matsya pradeza meM brajabhASA gadya ho kAma meM liyA jAtA rahA / patra, paravAne, rukke, gadya pustakeM, vyAkhyA Adi sabhI isa rUpa meM milate haiM / 2. kahAnI sAhitya ke kucha aMza, urdU gadya kA nAgarI lipi meM rUpAntara, musalamAnoM kI vArtA Adi meM khar3I bolI ke rUpa bhI mila jAte haiM kintu yaha pravRtti gadya ke sAtha padya meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai / 'upaniSat sAra' meM gadya ke sundara prayoga milate haiM aura 'bhASA bhUSaNa' ko TIkA meM prayukta gadya to brajabhASA gadya kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| prAnta kI pracalita bhASA hone ke kAraNa isa pradeza meM brajabhASA gadya hI calatA rahA / 3. aMgrejI kI gadya-preraNA, gadya kI druta gati, viSaya-vividhatA yahAM nahIM miltii| hamAre sAmane kevala brajabhASA gadya kA hI madhura rUpa pAtA hai jo yahAM

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272 adhyAya 8-upasaMhAra kI grAvazyakatAoM ke anusAra apanI maMthara gati se calatA rahA / khoja meM prApta granthoM kI lipi ke saMbaMdha meM bhI kucha bAtoM kA saMketa aprAsaMgika na hogA a. isa pradeza meM pAye gaye hastalikhita grantha isa bAta kA pramANa haiM ki hastalikhita pratiyAM bahuta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha lipibaddha kI jAtI thiiN| kAlI syAhI bahuta camakIlI hotI thI aura kabhI-kabhI lAla syAhI tathA anya raMgona syAhiyoM kA prayoga bhI hotA thA / kAgaja yA to desI hotA thA athavA vilakorTa grAdi kaMpaniyoM kA banA vilaaytii| pratiyoM ko surakSita rakhane kI aora kAfI dhyAna diyA jAtA thA aura acchI jilda baMdhI hotI thii| saikar3oM varSoM ke bAda Aja bhI kucha pratiyAM apane sundara rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| A. yahAM kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM kucha bAteM samAna rUpa se dekhI jAtI haiM 1. Adhunika 'kha' ke lie 'Sa', 2. 'ghra' ke lie 'ghra', 3. kabhI kabhI 'OM' ke sthAna meM 'u', 4. 'I' ke sthAna meM 'hI', 5. 'e' ke sthAna meM 'a', 6. virAmoM meM kevala pUrNa virAma " / " milatA hai vaha bhI kahIM-kahIM aura lekhaka kI rUci ke anusAra, 7. bIca ke varNa chor3ane kI praNAlI a-saM-ma-tnA tha grA ra ka atha 'saMgrAma ratnAkara' 8. tAlavya 'za' ke sthAna meM prAyaH daMtya 'sa', 6. ikArAnta aura IkArAnta tathA ukArAnta aura UkArAnta kA mishrnn| i. matsya-pradeza ke aMtargata pAI gaI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bahuta sAmya hai-unake likhane ko paddhati, akSaroM kI banAvaTa lagabhaga eka prakAra kI haiM / navIna pratiyoM meM 'kha', 'ai' Adi rUpa mila jAte haiM / I. kahIM-kahIM citramaya praNAlI kA bhI prayoga huyA hai| varNo kA rUpa cir3iyoM zrAdi se nirmita kiyA gayA hai aura aneka prakAra kI syAhI lagAI gaI hai / kahIM-kahIM varNoM ko doharA' likha kara unheM raMga-biraMgA kiyA gayA hai| u. racayitA, lipikAra, saMvat, sthAna, likhavAne vAle kA nAma, grantha kA nAma, viSaya nirdeza prAdi dene kI pratyuttama praNAlI jinase kisI bhI zodha karane vAle ko amUlya sahAyatA milatI hai /

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pariziSTa 1 kavi-nAmAnukramaNikA racanAmoM prAdi ke ullekha sahita 1. akabara - 172 / 2. akSarAma - 198, 202, 205, 248 / bharatapura ke mahArAja sUrajamala ke Azri / 1. vikramavilAsa, saM0 1812, siMhAsanabattIsI ko kthaa| 2. gaMgAmahAtmya, saM0 1832, 20 prakaraNoM yukta / 3. svarodaya, zivataMtrokta jJAna, zlokoM ke anuvAda sahita / 3. ajudhyAprasAda 'kAitha' - 151 / bharatapura-nivAsI saMvat 1850 ke lgbhg| ___rasikamAlA, saM0 1877, svAmI harivaMzajI kI paracaI, dohAcaupAI chaMdoM meM hai| 4. amRtakaura, rAnI- 105, 264 / 5. alIbakhza - 11, 16, 135, 168, 264 / maMDAvara ke 'priMsa' yA rAva : raigar3a musalamAnoM meM se / hindI-urdU donoM meM kavitA likhate the| kRSNalIlA : bhagavAna kRSNa kI aneka lIlAoM kA sarasa varNana / 6. udarAma - 7, 126, 154, 157, 188, 210, 266, 268 ! samaya 1834 se 1862 / 24 granthoM ke racayitA / 1. hanumAna nATaka, 2. ahirAvaNa-vadha-kathA, 3. rAmakaruNa-nATaka, 4. sujAnasaMvat, 5. girivaravilAsa, prAdi / 7. umledarAma bArahaTha - 20 / 8. umAdatta 'datta' - 24, 153, 178, 161 / 1. datta ke kavitta, vibhinna viSayoM para likhita / 2. yamana-vidhvaMsa prakAsa (saM0 1924) rAjapUtoM se jAgIreM chInane kA prasaMga / 6. karamAbAI - 23 / 10. kalAnidhi -35, 38, 50, 57, 56, 60, 226, 246, 248, 255, 256, 265, 270 / aneka granthoM ke racayitA aura somanAtha ke samakAlIna tathA unake sahayogI / vaira ke rAjA pratApasiMha ke Azrita /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 1. alaMkAra kalAnidhi, alaMkAra kA graMtha bhogIlAla ko prajJA se racita / 2. upaniSadsAra, upaniSad-graMthoM para gadya kI pustaka / 3. durgAmAhAtmya, durgAsaptazatI kA anuvAda / 4. rAmagItam, gIta-govinda-zailI para likhita grantha / 11. kAsIrAma - 42 / 12. kizora - 42 / 13. kizorI rAnI 4 / 274 14. kRSNa kavi 38 / madhupurI (mathurA) ke nivAsI aura sUrajamala ke grAzrita / 1. bihArI satasaI kI TIkA : 'malla' ke hetu likhita / malla' se tAtparya mahArAjA sUrajamala se hai / 2. govindavilAsa : rItikAvya kA grantha / 15. gaMgesa - 203 / 16. gaNesa - 206, 206 / balavaMtakAlIna kavi / - vivAhavinoda, saMvat 1886, DIga meM kaTAre vAle mahaloM meM prAyojita zrI balasiMhajI ke vivAha kA varNana / 17. gulAma mohammada - 11,125, 167, 266 / raNajItakAlIna premagAthAkAra / premarasAla : sUphI kaviyoM ko prema gAthA - paddhati para likhA bhakti aura premamizrita graMtha / 18. gokulacandra dIkSita - 4, 61 / brajendravaMzabhAskara | 16. gopAla kavi - 66 // 20. gopAlasiMha - 18, 264 / saMgrahakarttA / 21. govarddhana - 247, 246, 248, 246, 262 / mahAbhArata kA anuvAdakartA, alavara nivAsI / karNaparva : bhASA meM - bhASA para alavarI prabhAva hai| anuvAda, dohA-chappaya-paddhati meN| sthAna-sthAna para gadya kA prayoga / 22. gobinda - 38, 270 / jayapura nivAsI / gobindAnaMdaghana, saMvat 1858 kA likhA sundara rItigraMtha / alavara tathA bharatapura meM aneka pratiyAM upalabdha haiM / 23. ghanasyAma - 42 / 24. ghanAnaMda kavIza - 231, 243, 245 /

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pariziSTa 1 275 25. catura - 105, 106, 107 / catura nAma se aneka pustakoM kI rcnaa| 1. tilocana lolA : lakSmaNajI ko iSTa mAna kara kI gaI kavitA / 2. pada maMgalAcaraNa, vasaMta horI : lakSmaNa-urmilA saMbaMdhita shrRNgaar| 26. caturapriyA - 105 / 27. caturabhujadAsa - 15, 167, 248, 264 / kAyasthoM meM nigama kula meM utpanna hue| ___ madhumAlatI kathA : isakI kaI hastalikhita pratiyAM milI jinameM do sacitra bhI haiN| 28. caturbhuja mizra - 18 / alNkaar-graabhaa| 26. candrazekhara - 23 / hamIrahaTha (saM0 1602) ke krtaa| 30. caranadAsa -160, 162, 165, 263, 267 / uttarI bhArata ke prasiddha mahAtmA : alavara rAjya meM DaharA ke nivAsI / zukadeva ke ziSya / bhArgavoMdvArA mAnya / 1. jJAnasvarodaya : prAdhyAtmika tathA dArzanika graMtha / 2. bhaktisAgara : sampUrNa graMthoM kA saMgraha, prakAzita / 31. jayadeva - 24, 143 / alavara-rAjyAzrita / 1. rAdhikAzataka : 100 kavitta, prakAzita / 2. rAmadala rAsA, 3. pratApa rAsA, 4. mahala rAsA, 5. mAnasa kI TIkA prAdi aneka graMthoM ke rcyitaa| 32. jayasiMha - 216 / alavara ke mahArAja / 1. mevAtI gItamAlA : inakI prAjJA se kiyA gayA saMgraha-graMtha / 2. zikArasAhitya : aneka sphuTa chaMdoM meM samaya-samaya para likhA saMgraha / 'vahazI' nAma se urdU meM bhI kavitA karate the| 33. jAcIka jIvaNa - 24, 170, 172, 178, 181, 167, 236, 268 / alavara ke pratApa-kAlIna kavi / pratAparAso : aitihAsika sAmagrI se paripUrNa graMtha / rAma se pratApasiMhajI taka kA varNana / 34. jIvArAma - 7, 26, 176, 216, 220, 248, 252 / balavaMtakAlIna /

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matsya pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena 1. samAvilAsa : (1896) rAjA ke vinodoM kA vrnnn| 2. akkala nAmA : nIti kI kahAniyA~ tathA sAmAnya jJAna / 35. jugala - 17, 35, 38, 74, 81, 82, 270 / rItikAra / rasa kallola : prathama taraMga mAtra prApta / bharata ke mata para rasa kA niruupnn| 36. jodharAja - 23 / nImarANA ke zrI candrabhAna hetu likhita / hmiir-raaso| 37. dayAdAsa - 162 / 38. dayAbAI - 125, 160, 162, 168 / mahAtmA caranadAsajI kI ziSyA / 1. dayA bodha (saMvat 1818) : dayAdAsi nAma bhI milatA hai| 2. vinayamAlikA : prakAzita / 36. deviyA - 18, 174, 248, 257, 262, 264 / ye rasa-prAnandajI ke khavAsa the| hitopadeza kA anuvAda / saMvat 1861, paMcama kathA tk| kucha bikharI kavitA bhI prApta huii| 40. devIdAsa - 6, 18, 66, 7, 172, 226 / karaulI ke ratanapAla bhIyA ke Azrita / ye AgarA nivAsI the kintu prAya: karaulI meM rahate the / 1. prema-ratanAgara : prema ko utkRSTa vyaakhyaa| 2. rAjanIti : hitopadeza para praadhaarit| 41. dhIraja - 111 / 42. nanda - 114 / saMskRta-hindI ke vidvAn / nAma maMjarI : paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA amarakoza ke samAna saMskRta gabhita grNth| 43. nalasiMha - 22 / vijayapAla rAso ke kartA / 44. navalasiMha - 114 / rAsa paMccAdhyAyI ke krtaa| 45. navIna - 61, 62 / ye mAlavA ke nivAsI the kintu bharatapura Ate-jAte rahate the| 1. nehanidAna : prema kA sundara vivaraNa / 2. prabodharasasudhAkara, 3. rasa taraMga prAdi grNth| 46. nolakaMTha - 206 / 47. parasiddha kavi - 26, 178, 165 / www.jaineli

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48. paMgu kavi 18 kRSNagAyana / 46. phitarata - 11, 237, 238 / yaha inakA upanAma pratIta hotA hai / siMhAsana battIsI samaya saMvat 1867 : pothI urdU kI likhI hindI meM / 50. bakhtAvaradAna bArahaTha 20 / 51. bakhtAvarasiMha 15, 100, 103, 264 / alavara ke mahArAja | 1. dAnalIlA : (saMvat 1825 ) / 2. zrIkRSNa lIlA : kRSNa aura rAdhA ke nakhasikha tathA krIr3A zrAdi kA varNana / pariziSTa 1 - 52. baTunAtha - 18. 114, 115 / rAga rAganiyoM ke jJAtA / rAsa paMcAdhyAyI : saMvat 1866 / prakRti varNana harizrodha se milAne yogya / 53. baladeva 17, 126, 264, 265 / bharatapura nivAsI, khaMDelavAla vaizya / vicitra rAmAyaNa : samaya saMvat 1603 | bAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke prAdhAra para 14 aMkoM meM rAmakathA kA varNana / rAmacaMdrikA ke samAna chaMda - zralaMkAra zrAdi / 54. baladevasiMha - 100, 264 / bharatapura ke mahArAja / pada saMgraha : rAma aura lakSmaNa ko iSTa mAna kara pada likhe haiM / inakI rAnI bhI kavitA karatI thIM / - 55. balabhadra 56 balavantasiMha - 17 / 57. buddhasiMha - 56 / mahArAjA bUMdI | 38, 68, 264, 265 | mahArAja mahIsiMha ke prAzrita / -- 58. brajacanda 18, 77 / balavantasiMha ke Azrita / zrRMgAra tilaka : saMvat 1865 / 277 56. brajadUlaha - 100 / 60. brajavAsIdAsa - 137 / brajavilAsa ke kartA / 61. bAlagoviMda gusAMI - 248 / 62. bhogIlAla - 6, 38, 65, 67, 68, 60, 61, 101, 265, 270 / bakhtAvarasiMha ke prAzrita / bakhata vilAsa : nAyaka nAyikA varNana / uccakoTi kA rIti graMtha, kavi aura rAjA kI vaMzAvalI sahita /

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278 matsya pradeza ko hindI-sAhitya ko dena 63. bholAnAtha - 18, 106 / mahArAja kumAra nAharasiMha ke prAzrita / lIlA paccIsI : prakRti-citraNa para sundara chaMdoM sahita / 64. maNideva - 18 / mahAbhArata ke kucha paryoM kA anuvAda / 65. manIrAma - 68, 66, 264, 265 / balabhadra ke sikhanakha para prathama TIkAkAra / sikhanakha ko TIkA : saMvat 1842 / yaha isa graMtha kI sarvaprathama hiMdI TIkA hai, jo abhI taka ajJAta thii| 66. mAna - 104 / zidadAna ke Azrita / zivadAna candrikA : rItigraMtha / aneka sthAnoM para baravai chaMda kA prayoga / zuddha saMskRta-gabhita bhaassaa| 67. muralIdhara - 16 / yaha bhaTTa the| inakA upanAma prema thaa| rAdhAkuMDa se Aye aura alavara meM kavitA kii| zRMgAra taraMgiNI : samaya 1850 // 68. motIrAma - 18, 35, 38, 74, 78, 270 / saMbhavataH vRndAvana ke nivaasii| brajendra-vinoda : samaya 1885 vikrmii| rIti saMbaMdhI aneka viSayoM kA sundara kavitA meM vivecana / 66. ratanapAla - 100, 264 / karaulI mahArAja / 70. rasa aAnanda - 15, 18, 35, 38, 68, 74, 84, 86, 60, 61, 117, 150, 246, 250, 257, 262, 264, 270 / bharatapura kA prasiddha kavi / 1. saMgrAma ratnAkara : 474 patroM kA vRhad graMtha / 2. rasAnaMdaghana : 20 patroM kI adharI pustk| 3. sikhanakha: saMvata 1893, vistata varNana. 4 gaMgA bhatala prAgamana kathA : isakI kaI pratiyAM miliiN| 5. brajendra-vilAsa : saMvat 1865, 7 vilAsoM sahita / 6. hitakalpadruma : 'anavAra suhelI' kA vrajabhASA-padyAnuvAda / 71. rasanAyaka - 138 / viraha vilAsa : samaya saMvat 1782 / gopiyoM ke prasaMga meM sUra kA anukaraNa / dohA, kavitta tathA savaiyA chaMda kA prayoga / 72. rasarAsi - 141 / ___ rasarAsi pacIsI, (uddhava pacIsI) : rAjyAjJAnusAra likhita / 73. rAmakRSNa -18 / dAnalIlA /

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pariziSTa 1 276 74. rAma kavi - 17, 35, 38, 74, 116, 174, 256, 257, 270 / rAjyAzrita / 1. hitAmRta latikA : hitopadeza para AdhArita pustaka / 2. alaMkAra maMjarI: alaMkAra para likhita pustk| 3 chaMdasAra : 6 sarga aitihAsika sAmagrIyukta / 4. viraha pacAsI: eka khareM ke rUpa meN| 75 rAmajana - 125 / nirguNa kAvyadhArA ke antargata / gopIcandajI ko vairAga-bodha : kRti meM 'rAmajana' aura 'harijana' zabda vicAraNIya hai| 76. rAmanAtha bArahaTha - 18 / 77. rAmanArAyaNa - 6, 133, 143, 144 / jasavaMta kAlona, gusaaNii|| 1. rAdhA maMgala : savat 1653, yaha 11 sarga kA prabandha kAvya hai| 2. pArvatI maMgala : kisI pujArI ke paThanArtha likhI pustaka / 78 rAmalAla - 206 / vinayasiMha ke Azrita / vivAha vinoda : vinasiMhajI kI lar3akI ke vivAha kA varNana / 76. rAmaprasAda zarmA - 151 / alavara ke senApati padamasiMha ke Azrita / gaMgA bhakta taragAvali : yaparAja prAdi kI zikAyata ke rUpa meM gaMgA ko prArthanA / 80. rUparAma - 17 / jyotiSa grantha / 81. lalitAprasAda - 18 / rAmazaraNa grantha / 82. lakSmInArAyaNa - 17 / gaMgAlaharI / 83. lAla- 42 / 84. lAladAsa - 15, 22, 24, 124, 166, 168,263 / lAladAsa kI vaannii| 85. vinayasiMha -8, 37, 233, 264, 267 / alavara nareza / bhASA bhUSaNa kI TIkA : brajabhASA gadya meM kI gaI utkRSTa TIkA | 86. vIrabhadra - 112, 136, 137 / ye govardhana ke paMDe the| 1. phAgu lIlA : saMvat 1857 amRtakaurajI ke paThanArtha / 2. vrajavilAsa : saMvat 1911 dohA, caupAI, chaMda meM vrajavAsIdAsa ke anukaraNa para / 87. vaidyanAtha - 17, 203 / kavivara somanAtha ke vaMzaja / vikrama caritra : saMvat 1884, vikrama dvArA 5 daMDa jItane kI kathA / 88. vajacaMda -74 / zRgAra tilaka / 86. vrajadUlaha - 18 / pada-saMgraha / 60. vrajeza - 18, 133 / balavaMta grAzrita / rAmotsava : isameM dazahare kA varNana bhI hai| janma-utsava tathA badhAI Adi bhI haiM /

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280 matsya pradeza ko hindI-sAhitya ko dena 61. zivabakhzadAna - 12, 16, 20, 171, 210, 214, 216 / aMgrejoM se prabhAvita / alavara-itihAsa : saMvat 1864, aitihAsika tathA prAmANika graMtha / aneka gopanIya rahasyoM kA udghATana / 62. zivarAma - 38, 44,48, 46, 270 / mahArAjakumAra sUrajamala ke Azrita / navadhA bhakti-rAga-rasa-sAra : samaya saMvat 1762, rAga-rAganiyoM kA sundara svarUpa / 36000 rupayoM se puraskRta graMtha / 63. zrIdharAnaMda - 17 / baladeva kAlIna / inheM kavIndra kI upAdhi milI thii| sAhitya-mAra-cintAmaNi : kAvya-prakAza paddhati para gadyayukta rIti graMtha / 64. sahajobAI - 125, 160, 168 / svAmI caraNadAsa kI ziSyA, hara prasAda kI pUtro, alavara ke DeharA gAMva meM utpanna / sahajoprakAza : (saMvat 1825) prakAzita / 65. siromana - 42 / 66. sUdana - 6, 11, 24, 172, 178, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186 187, 167, 236, 248, 250 / bharatapura kA suprasiddha kavi / sujAna caritra : kucha loga somanAtha aura sUbana ko eka hI vyakti mAnate haiM kintu yaha pramANita nahIM hotaa| 67. senApati - 42 / 68. sevArAma - 18 / nala damayantI caritra / 66. sobhanAtha - 220, 221, 236 / alavara nivAsI the| inake guru rasarAsi the| sabhAvinoda : pUrI pustaka dohoM meM hai / 100. somanAtha - 6, 35, 36. 37, 42, 43, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 68, 147, 158, 165, 178, 186, 203, 205, 206, 232, 235, 246, 248, 255, 262, 265 / pratApasiMha ke Azrita / 1. sujAnavilApsa, 2. bhAgavata dazamaskaMdha TIkA, 3. prema pacIsI, 4. dhruva. vinoda, 5. mahAdevajI ko vyAhulo, 6. rasapIyUSanidhi, prAdi-Adi / 101. harinAtha-38, 70, 60, 174, 175, 270 vinayasiMhajI ke Azrita / 1. vinaya prakAza : (saMvat 1886) uccakoTi kA rIti-graMtha / 2 vinaya vilAsa : (saMvat 1875) rAjanIti saMbaMdhI pustaka / DIGI

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1. akkalanAmA 6, 26, 166, 171,175, 176, 236, 240, 247, 270, lipikAra jIvArAma, saMvat 1866 / 2 anavAra suhelI - 247, 261 // abhinava meghadUta - 216 / 4. alavara kA itihAsa - 12, 171, 210, 214, bArahaTha zivabakhzadAna gUjU, 1894 I0 / pariziSTa 2 granthanAmAnukramaNikA 5. alaMkAra grAbhA - 18, caturbhuja mizra / 6. alaMkAra kalAnidhi - 35, 56, 63, 265, racayitA kalAnidhi / 7. pralaMkAra maMjarI - 74, rAma kavi, pratilipi 1867 vikramI / 8. praSTa deza - 40, govinda kavi kRta / praSTAMgayoga 10, 161, cararaNadAsa kRta / 10. ahirAvaNa vadha kathA - 127, 266, udayarAma, saMvat 1922 / 11. Aine akabarI - 247, 261 / 12. IzvaravilAsa - 56, kalAnidhi kRta / - 13. uddhavapacIsI - 141, rasarAsi kRta / - 14. upaniSad sAra - 56, 226, 270, kalAnidhi / 15. karuNa pacIsI - 82, 156, racayitA jugala kavi / 16. karNaparva - 246, govardhana kavi, saMvat 1805 / 17. kaliyuga rAsau - 40, govinda kavi kRta / 18. kRSNagAyana 18, paMkavi kRta / 16. kRSNalIlA - 11, rAva alIbakhza, maMDAvara / 20. kRSNalIlA - 100, bakhtAvarasiMha kRta / 21. kAlikASTaka - 153, umAdatta kRta / 22. gaNeza - 17, vivAha vinoda | - 23. girivaravilAsa - 7, 154, 155, 168, 266 / 24. goviMdAnaMdaghana 38, 43, 50, 230, goviMda kavi, saMvat 1858 /

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ly ly ly 282 matsya pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena 25. gaMgAbhakta taraMgAvalI - 150, 151, racayitA rAmaprasAda zarmA, 1935 / 26. gaMgAbhUtala Agamana kathA - 84, 150, rasAnaMda kRta / 27. gaMgAlaharI - 17, lakSmInArAyaNa kRt|| 28. chaMdasAra - 74, 75, 87, rAmakavi, balavaMtasiMhajI ke hetu / 26. jAnakI maMgala - 133, 266, rAmanArAyaNa kRta / 30. jAnakI maMgala - 6, racayitA hanumaMta kavi, saMvat 1934 / 31. tilocana lIlA - 105, racayitA catura pIva / 32. dayAbodha - 21, 160, 162, racayitA dayAbAI, saMvat 1818 ! 33. dAnalIlA - 103, alavara nareza-bakhtAvarasiMha / 34. dAnalIlA - racayitA bhUdhara saMvat 1850 / 35. dAnalIlA - 161, caraNadAsa kRta / 36. dAnalIlA - 18, rAmakRSNa kRta / 37. durgAmahAtmya - 56, 153, 158, racayitA kalAnidhi, saMvat 1760 / 38. devazataka - 61, devakRta / 36. dhruva vinoda - 147, 158, racayitA somanAtha, saMvat 1812 / 40. dhvaniprakaraNa - 265 / 41. nakhasikha -68, 70 / 42. naladamayantI caritra - 18, sevArAma kRta / 43. navadhA bhakti - 44, 264, racayitA zivarAma 'kavirAja', saMvat 1762 / 44. neha nidAna - 61, 66, 265 racayitA 'navIna', saMvat 1866 vikrmii| 45. padyamuktAvalI - 56, kalAnidhi kRta / 46. pada maMgalAcaraNa basaMta horI - 105, racayitA 'catura', valdeva kAla / 47. pArvatI maMgala - 6, 124, 133, 150, 266, racayitA gumAI rAma nArAyaNa, saMvat 1138 / / 48. piMgala grantha - 40, govinda kavi kRta / / 46. pratApa rAso - 24, 170, 172, 178, 180, 181, 161, 167, 210, 266, 268, racayitA jAcIka jIvaNa, saMvat 1604 / 50. pRthvIrAja rAsau - 182 / 51. prabodharasa sudhAsAra - 62, navIna kRta / 52. prazasti muktAvalI - 56, kalAnidhi kRta / 53. prema pacIsI-68, 66, 165, somanAtha / 54. premaratanAgara - 66, 265, devIdAsa /

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pariziSTa 2 283 r 55. premarasAla - 11, 167, 266, gulAma muhammada, raNajItakAla / 56. phAgulIlA - 112, racayitA vIrabhadra, saM0 1887 / 57. vakhatavilAsa - 65, 265, racayitA bhogIlAla / 58. balavaMtasiMhajI kA vivAha - 206, gaNeza kRta / 56. bArahamAsI -84, rasAnaMda kRta / 60. prajendra vinoda -74, 78, 81, racayitA motIrAma, saM0 1885 / 61. brajendravaMzabhAskara - 4, 61, racayitA paM0 gokulacandra dIkSita / 62. bairAgasAgara - 241 / 63. bhaktisAgara - 160, caranadAsa kI bAnI / prakAzita / 64. bhAgavatadazamaskaMdha - 158, 255, racayitA somanAtha / 65. bhASAbhUSaNa kI TIkA - 8, 233, 267, 271, TIkAkAra vinayasiMha / 66. bhojaprakAsa - 84, rasAnaMda kRta / 67. makhadama sAhaba grantha-15 / 68. madhumAlatI kI kathA - 167, 248, racayitA caturbhujadAsa kAyastha / 66. mahala rAso- 24 / / 70. mahAdevajI ko byAhulau - 26, 124, 147, 150, 168, 266, racayitA somanAtha saM0 1813 / 71. yamana vidhvaMsa prakAsa - 24, 170, 178, 161, 197, racayitA dattakavi, saM0 1624 / 72. yugalarasamAdhurI - 40, govinda kavi kRta / 73. rasakallola - 17, 74, 81, jugala kavi, balavaMtakAla / 74. rasadIpakA - 83 / 75. rasapIyUSanidhi - 35, 36, 50, 54, 86, 60, 232, 265, racayitA somanAtha, saM0 1764 / 76. rasarAsi-pacIsI - 141, racayitA kavi rasarAsi, pratApakAla / 77. rasAnandaghana - 84, 117, 118, racayitA rasapAnaMda saM0 1865 / 78. rasAnandavilAsa-84, rasAnaMda kRta / 76. rasikagovinda - 40, govinda kavi kRta / 80. rAdhAmaMgala - 6, 124, 133, 143, 144, 145, 168, 266, 266, 25, racayitA gosAIM rAmanArAyaNa 1633 / 81 rAdhikA-zataka - 143, racayitA jayadeva, saM0 1650 / 82 rAnI ketakI kI kahAnI - 239, iMzA allAkhAM kRta /

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284 matsya pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena 83. rAjanIti - 172, 164, devIdAsa, saM0 1735 / 84. rAjanIti - 102, akabara kRta / 85. rAmakRSNa nATaka - 127, racayitA udaya rAma / 86. rAmagItam - 56, 247, 267, racayitA kalAnidhi / 87, rAmAyaNa sUcanikA - 40, 158, govinda kavi kRta / 88. rAmazaraNa - 18, lalitAprasAda kRta / 86. rAma-karuNa-266 / 60. rAsapaMcAdhyAyI - 18, 266, racayitA vaTunAtha, saM0 1866 / 61. rukmiNI maMgala - 266 / / 62. lachimana candrikA - 40, govinda kavi kRta / 63. lAla-khyAla - 222, 263, racayitA ajJAta, balavaMtakAla / 14. lAladAsa kI vANI- 15, 22, lAladAsa kRta / 65. lIlApacIsI - 106, racayitA bholAnAtha, sUrajamala kAla / 66. vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa - 246, 248 / 67. vikramacaritra - 17, 203, paMca daMDa kathA vaidyanAtha, saM0 1884 / 68. vikramavilAsa - 203, racayitA gaMgesa, saM0 1739 / 66. vikramavilAsa- 168, 201, racayitA akherAma, saM0 1812 / 100. vicitra rAmAyaNa - 17, 41, 126, 130, 265 racayitA baladeva khaMDela vAla, saM0 1603 / 101. vijayapAla rAso- 5, 23, nallasiMha kRta / 102. vijayasaMgrAma - 178, 188, 186, 197, racayitA khusAla kavi, saM0 1881 / 103. vinayaprakAza -70, racayitA caturazAla suta mAnasiMha cAMdAvata rAThaur3a, saM0 1606 / 104. vinayamAlikA-160, 162, dayAbAI kRt| 105. vinayavilAsa [prakAsa] - 70, 174, 175, racayitA harinAtha, saMvat 1875 / 106. vinasiMhajI kI putrI kA vivAha - 206, rAmalAla kRta / 107. virahapacIsI -116, racayitA rAma kavi, balavaMta kAla / 108. virahavilAsa - 138, 141, racayitA rasanAyaka, saMvat 1872 / 106. vivAhavinoda - 171 ,206, 207, racayitA rAmalAla, vinayakAla / 110. vivAhavinoda - 17, racayitA gaNesa, saMvat 1886 / 111. vairAgasAgara - 236 /

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pariziSTa 2 285 112. vrajavilAsa - 136,137, vIrabhadra / 113. vrajavilAsa - 137, brajavAsIdAsa / 114. vrajendravinoda - 74, motIrAma kRta / 115. vajendraprakAsa - 88 / 116. vrajendravilAsa - 35, 74 84, 86, racayitA rasAnaMda, saMvat 1865 / 117. vRttamuktAvalI - 56, kalAnidhi kRta / 118. vRndAvanazataka - 214, racayitA dhruvadAsa / 116. zivadAnacaMdrikA - 104, racayitA kavi 'mAna', samaya saMvat 1908 / 120. zaMkarazaraNa - 18, bholAnAtha kAyastha kRta, zivapurANa kA anuvAda / 121. zRMgAratilaka - 18, 74, 77 racayitA 'vrajacandra' saMvat 1865 / 122. zRMgAramAdhurI - 56, 60 racayitA 'zrIkRSNa bhaTTa' kalAnidhi / 123. zukabahotaro- 261 / 124. SoDaza zRMgAra varNana - 84 rasAnaMda kRta / 125. SaDRtu - 214, zivabakhzakata / 126. sabhAvinoda - 220, 222 kavi sobhanAtha, alavara, saMvat 1826 / 127. samayaprabandha - 40 govinda kavi kRt| 128. sarasa rasAsvAdaH - 56 kalAnidhi kRt| 126. sabhAvilAsa - 218, 216, 220 racayitA jIvArAma caube, 1896 / 130. sahajaprakAza - 160 sahajobAI kRt| 131. sAhityasAra citAmaNi - 231, 243 racayitA 'zrIdhara kavIndra' / 132. sikhanakha ko TIkA - 68, 264 manorAma kRta, saMvat 1842 / 133. sikhanakha - 68, 74, 84, 86, 88 racayitA 'rasAnaMda', saMvat 1863 / 134. siMhAsana battIsI - 168 kavi akherAma / 135. siMhAsana battIsI- 11, 171, 237, 238, 247, 260, 261, 281 lekhaka 'phitarata', 1867 / 136. sujAna caritra - 6, 11, 24, 166, 172, 178, 180, 181, 183, 186, 187, 161, 167, 210, 240, 250, 266, 268 sUdana kavi, sUrajamala kA caritra / 137. sujAnavinoda - 61 devakRta / 138. sujAnavilAsa - 200, 205, 260 racayitA 'somanAtha' / 139. sujAnasaMvata - 188, 210, 211, 212, 213, 268 racayitA udaya rAma, saMvat 1820 /

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286 matsya pradeza ko hindI-sAhitya ko dena 140. sudhAsAgara - 18 devIrAma kRta / 141. sudara siMgAra - mahAkavirAya / 142. saMgrAma kalAdhara - 84, 246 rasapAnaMda kRt| 143. saMgrAmaratnAkara -84, 246, 250, 251, 271 racayitA rasaAnaMda, 1865 / 144. hammIrarAsau - 23 racayitA jodharAja, 1785 / 145. hammIrahaTha - 24 racayitA 'candrazekhara' 1602 / 146. hanumAna nATaka - 126, 266 lekhaka 'udai'-udayarAma / 147. hitakalpadruma - 84, 260 rasAnaMda kRta / 148. hitAmatalatikA - 257 racayitA 'rAma kavi' / 146. hitopadeza - 6, 28, 171, 174, 226, 256, 257, 256, 260, 261, 271 racayitA deviyA khavAsa, 1861 /

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pariziSTa 3 kucha anya kavi 1, brahmabhaTTa pUrNamallajI ye alavara nareza mahArAva rAjA vinaryAsahajI ke rAjakavi the| inakA janma saMvat 1897 meM huA / vidyAdhyayana ke hetu apane grAma pIpalakher3A se kAzI gae aura saMskRta kA adhyayana kiyaa| inakA likhA koI grantha to nahIM milatA, vase inakI sphuTa kavitAeM kAphI milatI haiM jo utsavoM para rAjadarabAroM meM sunAI jAtI thIM / ye saMskRta aura hindI donoM bhASAoM meM kavitA karate the| hindI ke prasiddha kavi gvAla se inakA kAvya-vivAda huA thA / apanI parAjaya svIkAra karate hue gvAla kavi ne kahA thA-'isa samaya sarasvatI prApa para hI prasanna hai|' usa samaya kI samasyApUrti kA eka udAharaNa samasyA- 'kaise ke bakhAna karUM mere to hai eka jIbha' pUrti- kInhoM nAhiM veda pade bhayau balamIka tai na , janmyo na nAbhi haridArana asura Ibha / bhASyakAra nAhi puni kahi na purANa kathA , jAgata jagata jasa pAvana surasarIbha / / pUraNa pramita hota rajakaNa hU kI kabhU , deva maga dekha dakSa ginatI gine gunIbha / ganana adhikAna apramANa bhagavAna taba , kaise ke bakhAna karUM mere to hai eka jIbha / / vinaryAsahajI kI prazaMsA meM kahA gayA saMskRta zloka ahani no raviNA paribhUyate, hasati nendurivAsitapakSake / caramavAridhivAri na majjati, jayati te vinayezayazaH zazI / / basanta kI bahAra--- lalita lavaMga lavalIna malayAcala kI, maMju mRdu mAruta manoja sukhasAra hai| maulasirI mAlatI sumAdhavI rasAla maura , maurana pai guJjata milindana ko bhAra haiN| kokilA kalApa kala komala kulAhala ke , pUraNa praticcha kuhU kuhU kilakAra hai| bATikA bihAra bAga vIthina vinoda bAla, vipina bilokivo basanta kI bahAra hai| 2. ThAkura biDadasiMha 'mAdhava' yaha kizanapura ke jAgIradAra the| inakA janma saMvat 1867 meM huyA / kavirAva gulAbasiMhajI ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kiyA aura unako kRpA se saMskRta-hindI ke acche paMDita ho

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258 matsya pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena gae / guru ke pAsa samasta kAvya-aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura kAvya-kalA meM atipravINa hue| yaha mahArAjA vinasiMhajo ke sabhAsada the| kauMsila ke samaya bhI yaha unake musAhiba the| kavi jayadeva ne inase hI kAvya-kalA. siikhii| alaMkAra, RtuvarNana, prakRtinirIkSaNa meM inakI vizeSa abhiruci thii| anaprAsa kI ora bhI inakA jhukAva thaa| zRgAra rasa inheM vizeSa priya thA aura usake donoM pakSa inakI kavitA meM milate haiN| saM0 1924 meM inakA zarIra zAnta hyaa| kavi IzvarIsiMha ne apane kAvya meM 'mAdhava' kavi kI aneka bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| likhate haiM 1 alaMkAra rasa Adi kAvya ke sakala aMga pddh'i| bhe pravINa saba bhAMti zakti racanA meM bahu bddh'i| vara kavitA nara vAni karata 'mAdhava' svanAma dhari / alavara janapada mAMhi nAhi koU jo kare sari / / aDasa barasa kI prAya aba snAna karata nita zIta jl| puni Sor3azAbda mote bar3e tohU sakala indriya sabala / / 2 tanamana te vinayaza nRpati ko sevA bahu kie| teraha haya jAgIra prAma maya paTA mAhi die / puni zivadAna bhupAla bhaye binayeza sudhana jaba / ahada ajanTI mAMhi bhayau mana janaka musAhiba / / 'mAdhava' kavi kI racanA 1 ikanta viloki anandita hoya dukUlana dUra kie prati prIti / samAdhi ke heta vidhAna anekana sAdhata prAsana prema pratIti / / milyo guru e rI videha mano daI 'mAdhava' tAne advaitatA nIti / nirantara sIkara maMtra japa lakhI saba bhoga meM joga kI rIti // 2 nahIM gAjata bAjata duMdabhi hai capalA na kaDhI talavAra alii| dhuravA na turaMga ye 'mAdhava' cAtaka mora na bolata vIra balI / / jaladhAra na jAra zilImukha ko ghana hai na mataMgana kI avlii| barasA na bicAri bhaTU ziva paM saja sAja manoja kI phauja calI / / 3 kavirAva gulAbasiMha inakA janma saMvat 1887 hai| inhoMne saMskRtakAvya kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA aura usake uparAMta hindI bhASA kI ora bhI yatheSTa dhyAna diyaa| mahArAva rAjA zivadAnasiMhajI ne inheM apanA mukhya rAjakavi niyukta kiyaa| bUMdI ke prasiddha kavi sUryamalla se inakA saMskRta, kAvya para vivAda huA aura thor3e samaya taka prApasa meM vicAra parivartana aura pAlo. canA-pratyAlocanA hotI rhii| anta meM inhoMne sUryamallajI ke hRdaya para gambhIra prabhAva DAlA aura donoM mitra bana ge| sUryamallajI se prazaMsA suna kara bUMdI nareza rAmasiMhajI bhI ina para bahuta mugdha hue aura kucha dinoM ke pazcAt inheM bUMdI bulA liyA gayA aura yaha vahIM rahane lge| bUMdI nareza inakA bahuta prAdara karate the| 'rasika kavi-sabhA' kAnapura kI ora se inheM 'sAhitya 77

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pariziSTa 3 [ 286 bhUSaNa' kI upAdhi milI thii| inake likhe graMthoM kI saMkhyA 34 batAI jAtI hai, jisameM nIti, kRSNalIlAeM tathA devI-devatAoM saMbadhI kavitAeM prAdi haiN| saMvat 1658 meM prApakA dehAvasAna huaa| alavara ke aneka kavi inake ziSya the| inake jIvana ke pichale 30 varSa bUMdI meM vyatIta hue, kintu kavitA kA prArambha alavara meM hI kiyA tathA alavara bhUmi aura rAjAoM kA manohara varNana bhI kiyA 1 baTata badhAI Aja suta ke uchAha maoNjha , pAI kavivRnda nai ananda sanmAna meN| dInai ghane gAMva kaMkana duzAla mAla , ghUmate mataMga aMga phUle subha thAna meN| sukavi gulAba jami eka se kahA lauM kaheM , kIrati tihArI prati chAI hinduvAna meN| nanda vinayaza ke pratApI zivadAnasiha , yA samai na prAna kou to samAna dAna meN|| 2 dAjana dai durajIvana ko aru lAjana de sajanI kulavAre / sAjana de mana ko navaneha nivAjana de mana mohana pyAre / / gAjana de nanadIna 'gulAba' virAjana dai ura meM ganu bhaare| bhAjana dai garu logana ke Dara bAjana de aba neha nagAre / / inakI ziSya paramparA bahuta vistRta hai / alavara meM inake ziSya kizanapure ke ThAkura vir3adasiMha aura IzvarIsiMha the| ghaMbAlA ke ThAkura narUko hanavantasiMha bhI inake ziSya the| bUMdI meM caube jagannAtha jI inake pramukha ziSya the / 4. candrakalA bAI yaha kavirAva gulAbasiMhajI kI dAsIputrI thiiN| kavirAva jI ke sAhacarya se inheM samasyApUrti meM vizeSa pravINatA prA gaI aura hindustAna ke aneka prasiddha nagaroM meM jA-jA kara kavisabhAtroM meM samasyAoM kI pUrti kiyA karatI thiiN| aneka sthAnoM se inheM mAnapatra mile| san 1860 meM bisavA jilA sItApura se avadha kI kavimaMDalI dvArA 'vasuMdharAratna' kI padavI milii| inake likhe cAra grantha batAe jAte haiM 1. karuNAzataka 2. rAmacaritra 3 padavIprakAza 4 mahotsavaprakAza yaha paheliyAM bhI likhA karatI thiiN| jaise kArau hai pai kAga na hoI / bhArau hai pai zaila na hoI / / karai nAMka sau kara ko kAra / artha karau ke mAno hAra // (hAthI)

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260 ] matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena rAmasiMha jI kI putrI para likhA eka chaMda dekhie bUMdInAtha prabala pratApI rAmasiMha jU kI , tanayA suzIla sanI paradukha hArI hai| pati saradArasiMha parama pravIna pAye , guna rijhavAra taba pUre hitakArI haiN| 'candrakalA' sakala kalAna meM nipuna pApa , mati mAhi zAradA sI nIkai niradhArI hai| bhAga ahibAta terau sadA hI acala raho , jo lauM ziva mastaka pai gaMgA sukhakArI hai| inakA janma saM0 1923 meM huA thaa| inakI smaraNazakti bar3I tIvra thii| hindI ke 'rasikamitra', 'kAvyasudhAkara' prAdi patroM meM inakI kavitAeM chapatI thIM / inakI bhASA sAlaMkAra, sarala tathA vyavasthita hai / kalA kI dRSTi se inakI kavitA bahuta zreSTha hai / 5. kRSNadAsa kRSNadAsa jI kI likhI do pustakeM milIM-1 rasavinoda aura 2 bhaktataraMginI (svAminI jI kA prathama milaap)| ina kavijI kA kavitAkAla bharatapura ke mahArAja jasavaMtasiMha jI kA zAsanakAla hai| inakA nivAsasthAna nagara thaa| bharatapura ke eka paMDita phatehasiMha ke adhikAra meM ukta donoM pustakoM ko dekhA thaa| aneka kaviyoM ne 'rasavinoda' nAma se kAvyagraMtha likhe / kRSNadAsa jI ke isa grantha kA nirmANa kAla isa prakAra hai eka brahma natra bhakni, bIsa bhakta jala bhedavat / sapta jo RSi kI zakti, Ihi jAne saMmata yahI // samaya dene kI yaha bar3I hI kUTa praNAlI hai kintu kavi ne svayaM hI eka sthAna para 1627 likhA hai / pustaka meM cAra pAda haiM 1. navarasa varNana, 2 nAyaka-nAyikA bheda varNana, 3 dUtakAdi varNana, 4 saMcAra prAdi varNana / pustaka kI patra saMkhyA kevala 30 hai / pustaka ke aMta meM likhA hai-- 'iti zrI kRSNadAsa kRta grantha rasavinoda saMcArI varaNana nAma caturtha pAda / / 4 / / saMpUrNam / zubha maMgala / ' 1 jhilamilAta tana jyoti, dvita varaNata rmnniiytaa| lakhi anadekhI hoti, mRdutA komala aMga vara / / 2 kuMda kalI bInana calI, sAtha alI parabhAta / jahAM chabIlI paga dharata, kanaka bhUmi darasAta // 3 rUpa anUpama rAdhikA, bhUSana bhUSana aMga / umA ramA pramadA zacI, lAjata tIya anaMga / / .

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pariziSTa 3 [ 261 dUsarA grantha 'bhakta taraMginI' hai jisake sAtha 'zrI svAminI jI kA prathama milApa' bhI sammilita hai| isa pustaka meM ballabha aura viTThala ke guNagAna uparAnta kathA athavA grantha kA prArambha hotA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki kavi ballabhakulI thaa| svAminI jI kA milana 'rAdhA-kRSNa' kA milana hai| zrI ballabha biTThala kamala, padaraja rasa makaraMda / sarasa lubhAni bhRga mana, priya-priyA bRjacaMda / / isa pustaka ke mAjina meM aneka TippaNiyAM bhI likhI huI haiN| kavitA bahuta hI sundara hai ramaNa akele nAhiM hari, pata patni bhaye pApa / so zrI rAdhA kRSNa ko, varaNauM prathama milApa / / rAdhA kA varNana sArI nIla lasI tana goreN| dAminI nIla jalada cita caureN| caraNana bajanI pAyala gaajii| kAma vijaya duMdubhi janu bAjI / / 6. dAna kavi 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM inakI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai| yaha mahAzaya jAti ke brAhmaNa the aura bharatapura ke mahArAja javAharasiMha jI ke pAsa rahate the| inakI bhASA meM bharatapura ko chAyA spaSTa lakSita hotI hai| javAharasiMhajI ke samakAlIna bhagavaMta rAya khIMcI ke lie bhI inhoMne kucha chaMda likhe the / hamAre dekhane meM inakI do pustaka prAI-- 1. dhyAnabattIsI, tathA 2. dAnalIlA dhyAnabattIsI kA udAharaNa-- ita pIta paTa uta rAjata hai nIla bara , ita moracandrikA utai ujAsa hAsa hai| ita banamAlA uta rAjata hai motImAlA , ita khora kie uta baiMdA kau prakAsa hai| kuNDala sravana ita rAjata taraunA uta , ita chudraghaNTa uta nUpara vilAsa hai| ita saMga sakhA uta sohe saMga sakhIgana , dekho doU hor3A hor3I raci rAkhyau rAsa hai / / dAna lIlA - dAna lIlA meM rolA ke do caraNa tathA eka bohe ke uparAnta 'kaheM braja nAgarI' athavA 'suno braja nAgarI' Teka prAtI hai-- dAna daina tuma kahata dAna navagraha ke hoI / vipra pAtra jo hoya veda ko pAThaka koI / /

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262 ] matsya pradeza ko hindI sAhitya ko dena tuma pracAra jAno nahIM, jAti aura kula aura / gaU carAvata phirata hau, tuma dAnI kita Thaura / / kaheM braja naagrii| hama dAnI haiM prAdi hiM apanI mana mAnyauM / bali saMkalpyau mohi bAMdhi pAtAla paThAnyauM / / rAma hue chatrI hate, basudhA laI chinAya / phira viprana kuM hama daI, mote kahUM na jAya / / suno braja naagrii| javAharasiMha jI ke prati-- nRpati javAhara tumhArI haladaura suni , bairina ke balagani phailata phirAke sii|| jinakI navelI alabelI bana kalina meM , belI velI rovata akelI saci rAke sii|| bhUlani bharoso bhayarAnI bhayAtura sI , jhaTaka jhaTaka bheTatI 'bhUdhara' bhirAke sI // caMda sI camaka cAru capalAsI cAMdanI sI, caMpaka kalI so cAmIkara sI cirAke sii|| 7. khumAnasiMha __ ye nallavaMzI sirohiyA rAva karaulI ke acche kavi hue haiN| mahArAja madanapAla ne inako umedapurA gAMva aura hAthI de kara karaulI ke saba gAMvoM meM pIDhI dara pIDhI candA cAlU kara diyA thA, aura bhaTTa, cAraNa Adi kI vidA kA dAnAdhyakSa bhI banA diyA thA jisameM mahArAja se binA pUche 100) taka vidA dene kA inakA adhikAra thaa| madanapAla jI ke sambandha meM likhate haiM-- 1 tilaka vija ko nirabha ko nava teja puMja , javara jilhai ko joTa jAhara anIpa ko| kSatrina ko kSetra hai nakSatrapati jU ko vaMza , jagata prazaMsa sukha sajana samIpa ko| karaNa udAra devatarU so punIta sAra , ummara darAja saji sAhasa pradIpa ko| candana so candra so cahUMghA cAra candrikA so, dIpa dIpa chAyo yaza madana mahIpa ko| 2 kalpataru kajja se sakala karaNI ke koSa , prabhU kauM pramANika pracaNDa balaveza ke , bhajana daridra gaDha gaJjana ganImanake , mAlika malUka jaMga jAlima hameza ke|

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pariziSTa 3 [ 263 sukavi khumAna moda unake ujora vIra , saja ke samUha hai rakhaiyA bRja-deza ke| kRSNa kula-maMDana arani dala-daNDana ye, hAthI de nahAta hai mahopa madaneza ke // kavitA inakI vaMza paraMparAgata sampatti hai| inake putra jIvanasiMha jI mahArAja bhaMvarapAla ke darabAra meM kavitA karate the aura unake putra kRSNakarajI bhI kavi rhe| jIvanasiMha jI kA eka kavitta dekhie udita umaMgI mahArAja zrI amarapAla , karaNa karolI meM pragaTa darasAve juu| hAthI deta haraSi hajArana kavindrana kU, bAjana ke vRndana kU bAMTata hI pAvai jU / jIvana anekana kU bakase inAma bhArI , grAmana kI bakasa vizeSa citta lAvai jU / lAve nahIM dvAra prAve saMpati kuberahU kI , pAvai jo sumera tAhi turata luTAvai jU / mocxeo

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pariziSTa 4 sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI 1-saMskRta locana meghadUta zRgAratilaka gItagovinda dazarUpaka ~ 1. agnipurANa 2. abhinavagupta 3. kAlidAsa 4. kAlidAsa 5. kena, kaTha, prazna Adi upaniSada 6. gItA 7. jayadeva 8. durgAsaptazatI 9. dhanaMjaya 10. paMcataMtra 11. bharata 12. bhartRhari 13. bhAgavata 14. mahAbhArata 15. matsya purANa 16. mammaTa 17. vAlmIki 18. vizvanAtha 16. siMhAsana dvAtriMzikA 20. hitopadeza 2. hindI1 alavara rAjya kA prAcIna itihAsa 2. arAvalI 3. zromA 4. galAba rAya 5. caraNadAsa 6. jozI 7. tejapratApa 8. dApta, mitra aura hIrAlAla kI riporTa - 6. dInadayAlu lATyazAstra nItizataka dazamaskaMdha sa. dha. presa, murAdAbAda na. ki. presa, lakhanaU kAvyaprakAza rAmAyaNa sAhityadarpaNa hastalikhita mAsika patrikA ke aMka prAcIna bhAratIya lipimAlA navarasa bhakti sAgara alavara rAjya kA itihAsa sAptAhika patra ke aMka kA. nA. pra. sabhA praSTachApa pora vallabhasampradAya

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10. dIkSita 11. deva 12. dezarAja 13. dhIrendra varmA 14. dhIrendra varmA 15. nagendra 16. nagendra varmA 17. parazurAma caturvedI 18. pinAkIlAla 13. poddAra 20. vrajapatra 21. bharatapura ke sAhityika 22. bhAgIratha mizra 23. bhArata vIra 24. matsyanirmANa 25. mahendra 26. mANikya maithila 27. rAma ratana 28. rAjezvara prasAda 26. zukadeva bihArI 30. zukla, caturasena, dAsa, mizrabandhu, rasAla, zivasiMha Adi 31. satyendra 32. sudhIndra 33. somanAtha gupta 34. hajArIprasAda 35. haMsa svarUpa years. 2. Alwar Directory. 3. Blockmann 4. Drake Burkmann pariziSTa 4 - - vrajeMdravaMzabhAskara sujAnavinoda jATa jAti kA itihAsa zraSTachApa hindI bhASA kA itihAsa rItikAla kI bhUmikA mahArAja IzvarasiMha kA jIvana caritra uttarI bhArata meM saMta paramparA hamAre rAjAnoM kI kahAnI | 265 kAvyakalpadruma mAsika patra ke aMka hastalikhita hindI kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa sAptAhika ke aMka hastalikhita jayavinoda barateza rahasya- hastalikhita bhaktikAvya rItikAlIna kavitA evaM zrRMgAra rasa kA vivecana 3. aMgrejI 1. Administration Reports of Bharatpur, Alwar etc. for several hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa para prabhAva hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa brajaloka sAhitya kA adhyayana hindI kavitA meM yugAntara hindI nATaka sAhitya hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA jayamata maMjarI English Translation of Aini- Akbari. Gazetteer of E. R. States

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296 matsya pradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena 5. Gazetteer of India - Rajputana Vols. I, III 6. Glimpses of Alwarendra Silver Jubilee 7. Growse - Mathura Gazetteer 8. Grierson - Linguistic Survey of India 9. Hemchandra Ray - Dynastic History of Ancient India I, II 10. Hendley - Alwar and its Art Treasure 11. Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. XI 12. Jha Translation of Kavya Prakash 13. Jwala Sahai Ever Loyal Bharatpur 14. Jwala Sahai History of Bharatpur IS. Macdonald India's Past 16. Peterson Catalogue of the Sanskrit MSS. in Alwar 17. Powlett Alwar Gazetteer 18. Powlett Gazetteer of Karauli 19. Sarkar Moghul Rule 20. Sharma Bayana Through Ages 21. The three sieges of Bharatpur 22. Tod Annals of Rajasthan 23. Walter Gazetteer of Bharatpur national www.jaineli

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rAjasthAna sarakAra rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna ( Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute ) jodhapura syAbavijaya EDARADH H0 VAN sUcI-patra +kAsthAna purAtana garamAlA - pradhAna sampAdaka-padmazrI jinavijaya muni, purAtattvAcArya aprela, 1963 I0

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rAjasthAna purAtana grantha-mAlA pradhAna sampAdaka-padmazrI muni jinavijaya, purAtattvAcArya prakAzita grantha 1. saMskRta 1. pramANamaMjarI, tArkikacUr3AmaNi sarvadevAcAryakRta, sampAdaka - mImAMsAnyAyakesarI . paM0 paTTAbhirAmazAstrI, vidyAsAgara / mUlya-6.00 2. yantrarAjaracanA, mahArAjA savAIjayasiMha kArita / sampAdaka-sva0 50 kedAranAtha ___ jyotirvid, jypur| mUlya-1.75 3. mahaSikulavaibhavam, sva0 paM0 madhusUdana aojhApraNIta, bhAga 1, sampAdaka-ma0ma0 ___paM0 giridharazarmA cturvedii|| mUlya-10.75 4. maharSikulavaibhavam, sva0 paM0 madhusudana aojhA praNita, bhAga 2, mUlamAtram sampAdaka-paM0 zrI pradyumna aojhaa| mUlya-4.00 5. tarkasaMgraha, annaM bhadrakRta, sampAdaka-DaoN. jitendra jeTalI, ema.e.,pI-eca. DI., mUlya-3.00 6. kArakasaMbaMdhodyota, paM0 rabhasanandIkRta, sampAdaka-DaoN0 hariprasAda zAstrI, ema. e., pI-eca. DI. mUlya-1.75 7. vRttidIpikA, monikRSNabhaTTakRta, sampAdaka-sva.paM. puruSottamazarmA caturvedI, sAhityAcArya / mUlya-2.00 8. zabdaratnapradIpa, ajJAtakartRka, sampAdaka-DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI, ema. e., pI-eca.DI. / mUlya-2.00 6. kRSNagIti, kavi somanAthaviracita, sampAdikA-DaoN. priyabAlA zAha, ema. e., pI-eca. DI., DI. liT / mUlya-1.75 10. nRttasaMgraha, ajJAtakartRka, sampAdikA-DaoN. priyabAlA zAha, ema. e., pI-eca. DI., DI. liT / mUlya-1.75 11. zRGgArahArAvalI, zrIharSakaviracita, sampAdikA-DaoN. priyabAlA zAha, ema. e., pI-eca.DI., DI.liT / mUlya-2.75 12. rAjavinoda mahAkAvya, mahAkavi udayarAjapraNIta, sampAdaka-paM0 zrIgopAlanArAyaNa bahurA, ema. e., upasaJcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura / mUlya-2.25 13. cakrapANivijaya mahAkAvya, bhaTTalakSmIdharaviracita, sampAdaka-kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI mUlya-3.50 14. natyaratnakoza (prathama bhAga), mahArANA kumbhakarNakRta, sampAdaka-pro. rasikalAla choTA lAla pArikha tathA DaoN. priyabAlA zAha, ema. e., pI-eca. DI., DI. liT / mUlya-3.75 15. uktiratnAkara, sAdhasandaragarigaviracita, sampAdaka-padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI, purA tattvAcArya, sammAnya saMcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura / mUlya-4.75 16. durgApuSpAJjali, ma0ma0 paM0 durgApramAdadvivedikRta, sampAdaka-paM0 zrIgaGgAdhara dvivedI, sAhityAcArya / mUlya-4.25 17. karNakutUhala, mahAkavi bholAnAthaviracita, sampAdaka-paM0 zrIgopAla nArAyaNa bahurA, ema. e., upa-saMcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura / inhIM kavivara kI apara kRti zrIkRSNalIlAmRtasahita / mUlya-1.50 18. IzvaravilAsamahAkAvyam, kavikalAnidhi zrIkRSNabhaTTaviracita, sampAdaka--bhaTTa zrImathurAnAthazAstrI, sAhityAcArya, jayapura / mUlya-11.50 16. rasadIpikA, kavividyArAmapraNIta, sampAdaka-paM0 zrIgopAlanArAyaNa bahurA, ema.e. upasaMcAlaka, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura / mUlya-2.00 20. padyamuktAvalI, kavikalAnidhi zrIkRSNabhaTTaviracita, sampAdaka-bhaTTa zrImathurAnAtha zAstrI, saahityaacaary| mUlya-4.00

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[ 2 ] 21. kAvyaprakAzasaMketa, bhAga 1 bhaTTasomezvarakRta, sampAdaka-zrIrasikalAla cho0 pArIkha, mUlya-12.00 22. bhAga 2 mUlya-8.25 23. vasturatnakoSa, ajJAtakaka, sampA0-DaoN. priyabAlA zAha / mUlya-4-00 24. dazakaNThavadham, paM0 durgAprasAdadvivedikRta, sampAdaka-paM0 zrIgaGgAdhara dvivedii| mUlya-4.00 25. zrI bhuvanezvarImahAstotram, sabhASya, pRthvIdharAcAryaviracita, kavi padmanAbhakRta, bhASya sahita pUjApaJcAGAdisaMvalita / sampAdaka-paM. zrIgopAlanArAyaNa bhraa| mUlya-3.75 26. ratnaparIkSAdi sapta grantha saMgraha, ThakkUra pheka viracita, saMzodhaka-padmazrI muni jinavijayajI, puraatttvaacaary| mUlya-6.21 27. svayaMbhUchanda, mahAkavi svayaMbhUkRta, sampA0 pro0 eca. DI. velnnkr| mUlya-7.75 28. vRttajAtisamuccaya, kavi virahAGkaracita, " , " mUlya-5.25 26. kavidarpaNa, prajJAtakatR ka " " mUlya-6.00 2. rAjasthAnI aura hindI 30. kAnhaDaveprabandha, mahAkavi padmanAviracita, sampAdaka-pro0 ke.bI. vyAsa, ema. e.| mUlya-12.25 31. kyAmakhAM-rosA, kavivara jAna-racita, sampAdaka-DaoN dazaratha zarmA aura zrInagaracanda naahttaa| mUlya-4.75 12. lAvA-rAsA, cAraNa kaviyA gopAladAnaviracita, sampAdaka-zrImahatAbacanda khaaraidd'| mUlya-3.75 33. bAMkIdAsarI khyAta, kavirAjI vAMkIdAsa racita, sampAdaka-zrInarottamadAsa svAmI, ema. e., vidyAmahodadhi / mUlya-5.50 34. rAjasthAnI sAhityasaMgraha, bhAga 1, sampAdaka-zrInarottamadAsa svAmI, ema.e. / mUlya-2.25 35. rAjasthAnI sAhityasaMgraha, bhAga 2, sampAdaka-zrIpuruSottamalAla menAriyA, ema. e., sAhityaratna / mUlya-2.75 36. kavIndra kalpalatA, kavIndrAcArya sarasvatIviracita, sampAdikA-zrImatI rAnI lakSmIkumArI cuNddaavt| mUlya-2.00 37. jugalavilAsa, mahArAja pRthvIsiMhakRta, sampAdikA-zrImatI rAnI lakSmIkumArI cUMDAvata / mUlya-1.75 38. bhagatamALa, brahmadAsajI cAraNa kRta, sampAdaka-zrI udairAjajI ujjvl| mUlya-1.75 36. rAjasthAna purAtattva mandirake hastalikhita graMyoMkI sUcI, bhAga 1 matya-7.50 40. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAnake hastalikhita granthoMkI sUcI, bhAga 2 / mUlya-12.00 41. muMhatA neNatIrI khyAta, bhAga 1, muMhatA naiNasIkRta, sampAdaka-zrIbadrIprasAda saakriyaa| mUlya-8.50 " mUlya-6.50 43. raghavarajasaprakAsa, kisanAjI pADhAkRta, sampAdaka-zrI sItArAma lALasa / mUlya-8.25 44. rAjasthAnI hastalikhita grantha-sacI, bhAga 1. saM. padmazrI muni zrIjinavijaya / mUlya-4.50 45. rAjasthAnI hastalikhita grantha-sUcI, bhAga 2-sampAdaka-zrI pUruSottamalAla menAriyA ema.e., sAhitya ratna / mUlya-2.75 46. vIravANa, DhAr3hI bAdarakRta, sampAdikA-zrImatI rAnI lakSmIkumArI cuMDAvata / mUlya-4.50 47. sva0 purohita harinArAyaNajI vidyAbhUSaNa-prantha-saMgraha-sUcI, sampAdaka-zrIgopAla nArAyaNa baharA, ema. e. aura zrIlakSmInArAyaNa gosvAmI, dIkSita / mUlya-6.25 48. sUrajaprakAsa, bhAga 1-kaviyA karaNIdAnajI kRta, sampAdaka-zrI sItArAma lALasa / mUlya-8.00 " mUlya-6.50 50 nehataraMga, rAvarAjA burdhAsaha kRta-sampAdaka-zrI rAmaprasAda dAdhIca ema.e. mUlya-4.00 51 matsyapradeza kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena, pro. motIlAla gupta ema.e.,pI eca.DI. mUlya-7.00

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[ 3 ] presoM meM chapa rahe graMtha saMskRta 1. zakunapradIpa, lAvaNyazamaMracita sampAdaka - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 2. tripurAbhAratI laghustava, dharmAcAryapraNIta, sampAdaka - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI 3. karuNAmRtaprapA, bhaTTa somezvaravinirmita, sampA0 - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 4. bAlazikSAvyAkaraNa, Thakkura saMgrAmasiMharacita, sampA0- padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 5. padArtharatnamaMjUSA, paM0 kRSNa mizraviracita, sampA0 - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 6. vasantavilAsa phAgu, prajJAtakartRka, sampA0 - zrI ema. sI. modI | 7. nandopAkhyAna, prajJAtakartRka, sampA0 - zrI bI. je. sAMDesarA / 8. cAndravyAkaraNa, prAcArya candragomiviracita, sampA0-zrI bI. DI. dozI / 6. prAkRtAnanda, raghunAthakaviracita sampA0- padmazrI muni zrI jinavijayajI / 10. kavikaustubha, paM0 raghunAtharacita, sampA0- zrI ema. ena. gorI / 11. ekAkSara nAmamAlA - sampAdaka - muni zrI ramaNIka vijayajI / 12. nRtya ratnakoza, bhAga 2, mahArANA kuMbhakarNapraNIta, sampA0 - zrI Ara. sI. pArIkha aura DaoN. priyabAlA zAha / 13. indraprastha prabandha, sampA0 - DaoN. zrIdazaratha zarmA / 14. hamIra mahAkAvyam, nayacandrasUrikRta, sampA0 - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 15. sthUlabhadra kAkAdi, sampA0 DaoN0 zrAtmArAma jAjodiyA / 16. vAsavadattA, subandhukRta, sampA0 DaoN0 jayadeva mohanalAla zukla / 17. vRttamuktAvalI, kavilAnidhi zrIkRSNa bhaTTa kRta; saM0 paM0 zrI mathurAnAthajI bhaTTa 18. zrAgamarahasya, sva0 paM0 sarayUprasAdajI dvivedI kRta, sampA0-pro0 gaGgAdharajI dvivedI | rAjasthAnI aura hindI 16. muMhatA naiNasIrI khyAta, bhAga 3, muMhatA naiNasIkRta, sampA0 - zrI badrIprasAda sAkariyA / 20. gorA bAdala padamiNI caUpaI, kavi hemaratanakRta sampA0 - zrIudayasiMha bhaTanAgara, ema. e. 21. rAjasthAna meM saMskRta sAhityakI khoja, esa. Ara. bhANDArakara, hindI anuvAdakazrIbrahmadatta trivedI, ema.e., 22. rAThauDAMrI vaMzAvalI, sampA0 - padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 23. sacitra rAjasthAnI bhASAsAhityagranthasUcI, sampAdaka- padmazrI muni zrIjinavijayajI / 24. mIrAM - bRhat padAvalI, sva0 purohita harinArAyaNajI vidyAbhUSaNa dvArA saMkalita, sampA0 - padmazrI muni zrI jinavijayajI / 25. rAjasthAnI sAhityasaMgraha, bhAga 3 saMpAdaka - zrIlakSmInArAyaNa gosvAmI / 26. sUrajaprakAza, bhAga 3, kaviyA karaNIdAnakRta sampA0 - zrIsItArAma lALasa / 27. rukmiNI haraNa, sAMyAMjI jhUlA kRta, sampA0 zrI puruSottamalAla menAriyA, ema.e., sA. ratna / 28. santa kavi rajjabaH sampradAya zrora sAhitya DaoN0 vrajalAla varmA / 26. samadarzI zrAcArya haribhadrasUri, zrI sukhalAlajI siMghavI / 30. pazcimI bhArata kI yAtrA, karnala jemsa TaoNDa, anu0 zrIgopAlanArAyaNa bahurA, ema.e. aMgrejI 3r. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts Part I, R.OR.I. ( Jodhpur Collection ), ed., by Padamashree Jinvijaya Muni, Puratattvacharya. 32. A List of Rare and Reference Books in the R. O. R. I, Jodhpur, ed., by P.D. Pathak, M.A. vizeSa - pustaka vikretAoM ko 25% kamIzana diyA jAtA hai /

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