Vyakaran Siddhant Param Laghu Manjusha

Author(s): Nagesh Bhatt, Kapildev Shastri
Publisher: Kurukshetra Vishvavidyalay Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020919/1

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nAgarAma-kRta vaiyAkaraNasidAntaparamalaghumajUSA evaM canma, manuvAra evaM samIkSAlaka yaakhyaa)| DaoN0 piladeva zAstrI kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAgezabhaTTa-kRta vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaJjUSA (mUla grantha, anuvAda evaM samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA) sampAdaka evaM vyAkhyAkAra DaoN0 kapiladeva zAstrI rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya kurukSetra vizvaki maMtra KURUKSHI RIVE kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana 1975 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Published by: Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. Printed by: T. Philip, Manager, Kurukshetra University Press, Kurukshetra. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana ke marmajJa vyAkhyAtA, sarvatadhasvataMtra zrI nAgeza bhaTTa kI pAvana smRti For Private and Personal Use Only

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1. catvAri vAk parimitA padAni tAni vidurbrAhmaNA ye manISiNaH / / Rgvede 1.164.45 mahAn devaH zabdaH / mahatA devena naH sAmyaM yathA syAd ityadhyeyaM vyAkaraNam / pataMjali: (mahAbhASye, prayojanAdhikaraNe) prAptarUpavibhAgAyA yo vAcaH paramo rasaH / yattatpuNyatamaM jyotistasya mArgo'yamAMjasaH / / yadekamprakriyAbhedairbahudhA pravibhajyate / tad vyAkaraNamAgamya paraM brahmAdhigamyate / / tasmAdyaH zabdasaMskAra: sA siddhiH paramAtmanaH / tasya pravRttitattvajJastad brahmAmRtamaznute / / bhata hariH (vAkyapadIye 1.12,22,132) 4. idamandhantamaH kRtsnaM jAyeta bhuvanatrayam / yadi zabdAhvayaM jyotirAsaMsArAnna dIpyate / / daNDI (kAvyAdarze 1.4) zAstrIya-prakRti-pratyaya-vyutpAdana-pUrvakaM vijAtIya-tajjJAnapUrvaka prayogasya citta-zuddhi-dvArA'pavarga-sampAdakatvena zAstrajJAnasyAvazyakatvAt / nAgeza bhaTTaH (vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSAyAm pR0 1573) For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkkathana yaha vizeSa saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki nAgeza bhaTTa kRta paramalaghumaMjUSA kA sarvottama saMskaraNa (AlocanAtmaka sampAdana, anuvAda tathA vistRta samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA ke sAtha ) saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana ke niSNAta gaveSaka DaoN0 kapila deva zAstrI ( rIDara saMskRta vibhAga, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya) ke dvArA prakAzita ho rahA hai| isase pUrva DaoN0 zAstrI kA zodha prabandha The Ganapatha Ascribed to Panini, pANinIya gaNapATha ke saTipparaNa AlocanAtmaka sampAdana ke rUpa meM, isI vizvavidyAlaya se 1967 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai, jise paurastya tathA pAzcAttya sabhI vidvAnoM kA vizeSa pradara evaM mAna prApta huA hai| isake atirikta DaoN0 zAstrI ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana kI aneka samasyAtroM tathA viSayoM para maulika zodha pUrNa nibandha likhe haiM jo samaya samaya para zodhapatroM meM prakAzita hote rahe haiM / bhArata meM vyAkaraNa darzana kI paramparA ati prAcIna hai / parantu sarvaprathama bhartRhari ne apane apratima grantha vAkyapadIya meM isa darzana ko suvyavasthita, pariniSThita evaM parimArjita rUpa diyA, jise zabdAdvata darzana kahA jAtA hai| paravartI sabhI vaiyAkaraNa tathA anya dArzanika bhartRhari se paryApta prabhAvita hue / eka ora prasiddha mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa tathA bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne zabdAdvaitavAda ke khaNDana meM apanI pUrI zakti lagA dI to dUsarI ora utane hI pratiSThita dArzanika maNDana mizra tathA vAcaspati mizra ne vividha yuktiyoM tathA pramAraNoM ke dvArA bhartRhari ke zabda siddhAnta kA joradAra samarthana kiyA / vAkyapadIya eka atyanta durUha grantha hai / isake vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM vRSabhadeva, puNyarAja tathA helArAja kI TIkAoM se, jo Aja kathaMcit upalabdha haiM, vAkyapadIya ko hRdayaMgama karane meM paryApta sahAyatA nahIM mila paatii| sAtha hI ina TIkAkAroM tathA bhartRhari ke samaya meM bhI bahuta antara hai / bhartRhari kI paramparA ina TIkAoM meM kahA~ taka surakSita hai yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai / vAkyapadIya kI tathAkathita 'svopajJa' TIkA ke bhartRhariracita hone meM aneka sandeha vyakta kiye gaye haiM / vastutaH gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda bhartRhari kI paramparA bahuta kucha lupta athavA vikRta ho gii| bhaTToji dIkSita ke granthoM meM bhI vyAkaraNa darzana kA suSThu nirUpaNa nahIM milatA / grataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki sarvaprathama nAgeza bhaTTa ne hI bhartRhari pracArita vyAkaraNa darzana ko punarujjIvita kiyA / jisa kAla meM nAgeza bhaTTa kA prAdurbhAva huA usa samaya dArzanika vivecana ke kSetra meM eka nayI paddhati janma le cukI thI, jisakA bahuta kucha zreya 13vIM zatAbdI ke gaMgeza upAdhyAya ko hai / isa paddhati ko navyanyAya kA nAma diyA gyaa| isa kAla ke prAya: sabhI dArzanika navyanyAya kI paribhASA tathA zailI se pUrNataH prabhAvita dikhAI dete haiM / nAgeza bhaTTa bhI isa zailI se mukta nahIM haiM / isa kAraNa nAgeza ke granthoM meM bhI vahI For Private and Personal Use Only

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(kha) duruhatA vidyamAna hai / parantu pUrNa adhyavasAya evaM parizrama ke sAtha gaveSaNA buddhi se yadi nAgeza ke granthoM, vizeSataH tInoM maMjUSAnoM, kA manana kiyA jAya to vyAkaraNa darzana ke sarvAgINa adhyayana kI dizA meM paryApta navIna sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI hai| naiyAyika paramparA meM jagadIza taliMkAra kI zabdazaktiprakAzikA meM bhI vyAkaraNa darzana ke tattvoM kA nayI rIti se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| nAgeza ke granthoM meM zabdazaktiprakAzikA ke kucha siddhAntoM kA khaNDana milatA hai| hameM yaha prasannatA hai ki paramalaghumaMjUSA ke saMskartA evaM samIkSaka DaoN0 zAstrI ne vizeSa adhyavasAya ke sAtha isa ati gahana evaM durUha grantha kA Adarza sampAdana tathA vivecana eka vidvAn gaveSaka kI dRSTi se kiyA hai| nAgeza bhaTTa kahA~ taka pUrvavartI AcAryoM tathA vyAkhyAtAoM ke RNI haiM isa kA bhI nirNaya isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se bhUmikA meM kiyA gayA kauNDa bhaTTa tathA nAgeza bhaTTa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| merA pUrNa nizcaya hai ki paramalaghumaMjUSA kA yaha saMskaraNa vyAkaraNa darzana ke vidvAnoM tathA anveSaka evaM jijJAsu chAtroM sabhI ke lie vizeSa upayogI siddha hogA / DaoN0 zAstrI samprati nAgeza bhaTTa ke anya grantha vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA, jise paramalaghumaMjUSA kA bRhad rUpa mAnA jAtA hai tathA jo samudra ke samAna saMskRta vAGmaya ke sabhI jJAna-srotoM ko apane vizAla kalevara meM samanvita kie hue hai, ke sampAdana meM rata haiM / AzA hai nikaTa bhaviSya meM vaha grantha bhI isI paddhati se eka Adarza saMskaraNa ke rUpa meM upalabdha hogA tathA usake dvArA vyAkaraNa darzana ko nAgeza bhaTTa ke adbhuta yogadAna kA evaM unake asAdhAraNa vaiduSya kA vyApaka citra hamAre samakSa upasthita ho skegaa| merI prabhu se maMgala kAmanA hai ki DaoN0 zAstrI kI samartha lekhanI ke dvArA vyAkaraNa darzana kA kSetra adhikAdhika prazasta evaM Alokita ho / gopikA mohana bhaTTAcArya saMskRta vibhAga, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya 20-1-75 For Private and Personal Use Only

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do zabda saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke dArzanika adhyayana evaM vivecana ke itihAsa meM, bhartRhari ke adbhuta grantha vAkyapadIya ke pazcAt, nAgeza bhaTaTa kI vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA ke guru tathA laghu saMskaraNoM kA addhitIya sthAna hai| ina donoM granthoM meM vistRta rUpa se cacita siddhAntoM ko hI, yathAkathaMcit saMkSipta rUpa meM, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| parantu isa paramalaghumaMjUSA ko guru tathA laghumaMjUSAoM kA ekamAtra saMkSipta rUpa hI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kahIM kahIM paralaghumaMjUSA meM una donoM granthoM se svataMtra cintana evaM pratipAdana kI praNAlI bhI dekhI jAtI hai tathA kucha aise viSayoM kA bhI samAveza hai jo laghumaMjUSA tathA bRhanmaMjUSA meM nahIM pAye jAte / kucha sthAnoM para laghumaMjUSA tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA ke vaktavyoM tathA pratipAdanoM meM paraspara virodhI sthiti bhI pAyI jAtI hai / isake atirikta paramalaghumaMjUSA ke antima do adhyAyoM meM kauNDabhaTa ke vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI bahuta kucha sAmagrI avikala rUpa meM saMgRhIta hai, yadyapi kucha anya sthaloM meM vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ke eka do vaktavyoM kA khaNDana athavA unake viruddha kathana bhI milatA hai| ina saba kA sapramANa nirUpaNa bhUmikA meM kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki donoM (guru tathA laghu) maMjUSAnoM aura kauNDabhaTTa ke vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI viSaya vastu ko isa paramala ghumaMjUSA meM granthakAra ne navIna dRSTi se pariSkRta rUpa meM aura kahIM kahIM svataMtra rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ granthakAra svayaM nAgeza haiM, athavA unakA koI ziSya hai, yA anya koI hai yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai, vizeSataH aisI sthiti meM jaba ki paramalaghumaMjUSA ke vibhinna hastalekhoM ke prArambhika aMza 'maMgalAcaraNa' meM zivaM natvA hi nAgezenAnindyA paramA laghuH / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSaSA viracyate // yaha zloka tathA anta meM-"iti zivabhaTTa-suta-satIdevI-garbhaja-nAgezabhaTTa-kRtA paramalaghumaMjUSA samAptA" yaha vAkya likhA milatA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki nAgeza ke grantha meM kisI paNDita ne yatra tatra kucha aMza prakSipta kara diye hoN| paramalaghumaMjUSA ke granthakAra ke viSaya meM aba taka kisI ne sandeha nahIM kiyA thaa| hama apanA yaha sandeha vyakta karate hue yaha AzA karate haiM ki vidvanmahAnubhAva isa viSaya meM kisI supuSTa AdhAra para kucha nirNaya zIghra deNge| granthakAra ke sandigdha hone para bhI paramalaghumaMjUSA kA mahattva kisI prakAra kama nahIM hotA / vyAkaraNa darzana kI rUparekhA tathA usake vividha siddhAntoM ke saMkSipta paricaya For Private and Personal Use Only

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kI dRSTi se isa grantha kI upAdeyatA asandigdha hai| vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntoM ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, nyAya mImAMsA Adi anya darzanoM ke una-una siddhAntoM kA spaSTa ullekha kara ke yahAM unakA sayuktika khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM to ina darzanoM kI pUrvapakSIya sthApanA kA yaha rUpa itanA vistRta ho gayA hai ki inameM pUrvapakSa kI pratIti hI nahIM hotii| 'dhAtvarthanirUpaNa,' nipAtArthanirUpaNa,' 'lakArArthanirUpaNa' tathA 'samAsAdivRttyartha' prakaraNoM meM aise aneka sthala milate haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se 'lakArAdezArthanirUpaNa' ke pazcAt naiyAyikoM ke nAma se 'lakArArthanirUpaNa' nAmaka eka alaga prakaraNa bhI yahAM upalabdha hai, jisameM granthakAra ne pUre vistAra ke sAtha jamakara naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM ke lakArArtha-vivecana ko parakhA hai| isa rUpa meM yaha grantha, dekhane meM bhale hI choTA hai para, vyAkhyA evaM vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se paryApta kaThina aura durUha hai| phira bhI vyAkaraNa darzana ke adhyayana ke liye isa grantha kI upayogitA bahuta adhika hai| isI kAraNa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI apekSA kahIM adhika Adara, prasiddhi evaM lokapriyatA isa grantha ko prApta hai| durbhAgyavaza isa grantha ke sambandha meM aba taka koI vizeSa kArya nahIM huyA thaa| yahAM taka ki isakA koI acchA saMskaraNa bhI upalabdha nahIM thaa| kevala kucha saMskRta TippaNiyoM ke sAtha isa grantha ke eka do saMskaraNa mila rahe the| hastalekhoM tathA prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke AdhAra para mUla grantha ke vizuddha sampAdana, sampUrNa grantha kA hindI bhASA meM sarala evaM spaSTa anuvAda tathA vistRta samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA-ina vizeSatAoM ke sAtha yaha saMskaraNa isa dizA meM eka nayA prayAsa hai| hindI anuvAda ko, sarala banAne kI dRSTi se, kahIM kahIM adhika vistRta karanA pdd'aa| vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM vyAkhyeya aMza se sambaddha pRSThabhUmi tathA pUrvapakSa sambandhI mUla srotoM aura AdhAroM ko bhI denA anivArya thA / ina kAraNoM se isa saMskaraNa kA kalevara kucha adhika vistRta ho gyaa| AzA hai yaha saMskaraNa, isa dizA meM ruci rakhane vAle athavA zodhArthI chAtroM tathA vidvAnoM ke liye vizeSa upayogI siddha hogaa| Aja se lagabhaga 12 varSa pUrva yaha saMskaraNa taiyAra ho cukA thA, tathApi vizvavidyAlaya ke prakAzana-krama meM Akara aba yaha prakAzita ho rahA hai / yaha bhI vidhAtA kI parama anukampA hai tathA prasannatA kI bAta hai--- "yasmAd Rte na sidhyati yajJo vipazcitazcana" / paramalaghumaMjUSA ke isa prakAzana ke prasaMga meM isa vizvavidyAlaya ke parama sammAnanIya evaM pratiSThita upakulapati zrI zarat kumAra datta, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti vibhAga ke bhUtapUrva adhyakSa sva0 prophesara DaoN0 buddha prakAza tathA saMskRta vibhAga ke sammAnanIya adhyakSa prophesara DaoN0 gopikA mohana bhaTTAcArya ke prati maiM vizeSa AbhArI evaM zraddhAvanata hU~, jinakI parokSa evaM aparokSa preraNAoM tathA sahAyatAoM se mujhe samaya samaya para anugRhIta hone kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke adhikAriyoM kA meM vizeSa kRtajJa hUM jinakI Arthika sahAyatA se yaha grantha prakAzita ho skaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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grantha kI aneka paMktiyoM ko samajhane tathA hRdayaMgama karane meM AdaraNIya mitravara DaoN0 zrInivAsa zAstrI, rIDara saMskRta vibhAga, se mujhe vizeSa sahAyatA prApta huI hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra ke pAradRzvA vidvAn zrI paM0 cArudeva zAstrI ne sampUrNa anuvAda evaM vyAkhyA kI pANDulipi kA avalokana kara use aneka sthaloM para saMzodhita kiyA hai / mere sammAnanIya sahayogI zrI paM0 sthANudatta jI ne bhUmikA bhAga ko dekhakara upayogI sujhAva diye haiN| ina saba ke prati maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| priya ziSyA DaoN0 amitA rAnI guptA ne pANDulipi ke punaH lekhana ityAdi meM vizeSa sahayoga diyA hai| unheM maiM hRdaya se sAdhuvAda, AzIrvAda evaM zubhakAmanAyeM detA huuN| kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya ke presa mainejara zrI TI0 philipa tathA unake sahayogiyoM ko maiM aneka dhanyavAda detA hU~ jinhoMne isa kArya ko sucAru rUpa se sampanna kiyaa| 18-1-75 kapila deva zAstrI For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMketAnara pra0 amara0 upa0 kA0 kAprazu0 adhyAya amarakoza upaniSad kArikA paramala ghumaMjuSA 'jyotsnA' TIkA-sahita, paM0 kAlikAprasAda zukla sampAdita, mahArAja sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, bar3audA, vi0 saM0 2017 chAndogyopaniSad paramala ghumaMjUSA, nityAnanda parvatIya kRta TippaNI sahita, paM0 sadAziva zAstrI sampAdita, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa, 1946 chAndo0 nisa0 tyA0 nyAyasUtra palama0 vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA athavA paramalaghumaMjUSA paribhASA pari0 pA0 pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI (pANinIya sUtrapATha tathA tatpariziSTa granthoM kA zabdakoSa) zrIdhara zAstrI pAThaka dvArA sampAdita, bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA 1635 pATi pAda TippaNa mahA0 vA0, vApa0 vaibhUsA0 pataMjali-kRta vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya, paM0 guruprasAda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, rAjasthAna saMskRta kAleja, banArasa, 1638-36 vAkyapadIya, abhyaMkara kAzInAtha vAsudeva tathA prabhAkara viSNu limaye dvArA, sampAdita, pUnA 1635 kauNDabhaTTa kRta vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra, zAMkarI vyAkhyA-sahita, mArulakara zaMkara zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, AnandAzrama pUnA, 1957 vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA (vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vAraNasI ke sarasvatI bhavana kA hastalekha, saMkhyA 36827) vaisima0 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra dhaisilama 0 vaMmi0 vyuvA0 sa0 ha0 www.kobatirth.org 6 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA, kuMjikA tathA kalA TIkAoM ke ke sAtha, mAdhava zAstrI bhaNDArI dvArA sampAdita caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa se kaI bhAgoM meM, 1624-25, 1627-26 meM, prakAzita paramalaghumaMjUSA, vaMzI TIkA sahita, paM0 vaMzIdhara mizra sampAdita, gayA, 1657 gadAdhara kRta vyutpattivAda, jayA TIkA sahita saMhitA athavA saMkhyA hastalekha (vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke paramalaghumaMjUSA sambandhI cAra hastalekha' yahA~ saMketita haiM) 1. cAroM hastalekhoM kA vivaraNa (1) hastalekha saMkhyA 38562, patra saMkhyA 1- 31, pUrNa, AkAra 10.244.3, prati pRSTha 10 paMkti, prati paMkti 50 akSara lipi kAla 1847, aneka sthAnoM para kIr3oM dvArA khAyA huA / (2) hastalekha saMkhyA 36034, patra saMkhyA 1-37, pUrNa, AkAra 12.5X4.6, lipi kAla 1870 / (3) hastalekha saMkhyA 36034, patra saMkhyA 1-37, pUrNa, AkAra 12.5 4.4, lipikAla 1604, kahIM kahIM vyAkhyAtmaka TippaNiyAM haiN| (4) hastalekha saMkhyA 40341 patra saMkhyA 1-43, AkAra 12. 406, lipi kAla ajJAta / For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSaya-sUcI prAkkathana pRSTha do zabda saMketAkSara bhUmikA 1-3 4-5 1-36 (1) saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana : svarUpa, pratipAdya evaM paramparA 'darzana' zabda kA maulika abhiprAya, saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra athavA zabda darzana; eka hI 'zabda' tattva kI pramukha pA~ca rUpoM meM sthiti; 'zabdabrahma' ke svarUpa-jJAna se mukti; vyAkaraNa darzana kA pratipAdya; vyAkaraNa darzana kI paramparA / (2) nAgeza bhaTTa aura unakI kRtiyA~ nAgeza bhaTTa; samaya; jIvana vRtta; vidyA-guru; ziSya-paramparA; kRtiyA~; kRtiyoM kA kAlakrama; nAgeza bhaTTa-kRta tIna maMjUSA grantha; vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAntamaMjUSA kA dUsarA nAma sphoTavAda; tInoM maMjUSA granthoM kA pratipAdya; vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA tathA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM paramalaghumaMjUSA kA vaiziSTya; paramalaghumaMjUSA para vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kA prabhAva; paramalaghumaMjUSA kA mahattva; prastuta adhyayana / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamala ghumaMjUSA zakti-nirUpaNa 1-62 maMgalAcaraNa; ATha prakAra ke sphoTa, ATha prakAra ke sphoToM meM vAkyasphoTa kI pramukhatA; 'vAkyasphoTa' ke svarUpa-bodhana ke liye prakRti-pratyaya kI kalpanA; 'varNasphoTa' ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA tathA 'sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' kI vAcakatA ke viSaya meM vicAra; vyAkaraNa-bheda se 'sthAnI' Adi ke bhinnabhinna hone para bhI zabda se artha kA bodha hone meM koI kSati nahI hotI; prAptoM ke dvArA upadiSTa zabda ko bhI pramANa koTi meM mAnA gayA hai; zAbda bodha meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke svarUpa kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lakSaraNA - nirUparaNa www.kobatirth.org 8 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pradarzana; zAbda bodha viSayaka kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke pradarzana - vAkya meM prathama 'taddharmAvacchinna' pada kA prayojana; zAbda jJAna meM, vRtti-kRta vizeSatA ke viSaya meM do prakAra ke sambandhoM kA, dvitIya ' taddharmAvacchinna' pada ke prayojana kA tathA zAbda bAMdha - viSayaka kAryakAraNabhAva-rUpa niyama ke vividha prayojanoM kA kathana; 'zakti' ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA mata; naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM 'zakti' kA svarUpa; 'zakti' ke sAtha sambandha kI anivArya sattA ke viSaya meM bhartRhari kA kathana; 'sambandha' pada tathA vAkya donoM meM rahatA hai; 'saMketa' ke viSaya meM yoga sUtra ke vyAsa bhASya kA pramANa; 'Izvara saMketa hI zakti hai' naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA khaNDana ; 'zabda tathA artha meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai' isa siddhAnta meM pramANa; ' tAdAtmya' sambandha kA svarUpa; 'buddhi-gata artha hI vAcya hai' isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana; 'buddhi-gata artha hI zabda ke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai' isa viSaya meM eka aura hetu; 'zazazRGgam' jaise prayogoM meM naiyAyikoM ke mantavya kA khaNDana; artha bheda ke AdhAra para zabda bheda yA 'anekazabdatA' tathA AkAra - sAmya ke AdhAra para 'ekazabdatA' kA vyavahAra; 'sAdhu' tathA 'asAdhu' donoM prakAra zabdoM meM 'zakti' kI sattA kA pratipAdana ; 'asAdhu zabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti nahIM hotI' naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA nirAkaraNa; apabhraMza zabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti ke mAnane para hI mImAMsakoM kA 'Arya mlecchAdhikaraNa' susaMgata ho pAtA haiM; sAdhu tathA prasAdhu zabdoM kI paribhASA; 'zakti' ke tIna prakAra; 'paGkaja' zabda meM lakSaNA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI tathA isake prayogoM meM kahI kevala 'rUDhi' aura kahIM kevala 'yoga' artha kA bodha hotA hai; 'yaugika rUr3hi' kI paribhASA; 'saMyoga' Adi ke dvArA 'abhidhA' zakti kA niyamana hotA hai; saMyoga Adi ke udAharaNa / 63 - 77 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA mata; lakSaraNA ke do aura bheda; 'jahatsvArthA' lakSaraNA kI paribhASA; lakSaNA meM 'tAtsthya' Adi aneka dharma nimitta banate haiM; 'tAtparya' kI anupapattilakSaNA kA mUla hai; lakSaraNA kA eka tIsarA prakAra - 'jahad prajahallakSaNA'; mImAMsakoM ke dvArA lakSaNA kI eka dUsarI paribhASA; prAcIna naiyAyikoM ko dRSTi se eka cauthI prakAra kI lakSaNA - 'lakSitalakSaNA'; lakSaraNA ke do anya bheda--- 'prayojanavatI' tathA 'nirUr3hA'; lakSaNA vRtti kA khaNDana; lakSaNA vRtti ke prabhAva meM upasthita hone vAle doSoM kA samAdhAna / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyaMjanA-nirUpaNa 78-84 vyaMjanA kA svarUpa; vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ko bhI vyaMjanA vRtti abhISTa hai; vyaMjanA vRtti ke adhiSThAna tathA sahAyaka; 'vyaMjanA vRtti anAvazyaka hai' naiyAyikoM ke isa mantavya kA khaNDana / sphoTa-nirUparaNa 85-112 abhidhA' Adi vRttiyoM kA prAzraya vargoM ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; isa viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA mantavya; naiyAyikoM ke ina tInoM vikalpoM kA khaNDana; naiyAyikoM kI bAta kA pataMjali ke kathana se virodha; vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM vRttiyoM kA Azraya sphoTa tathA cAra prakAra kI vANI-parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI; 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' nAda kA antara; 'sphoTa' eka evaM akhaNDa hai; 'katva', 'gatva', Adi kA sphoTa meM AbhAsa tathA usakA kAraNa; do prakAra kI dhvaniyA~; 'vaikharI' nAda tathA 'madhyamA nAda kA udAharaNa dvArA spaSTIkaraNa; 'jAti' hI vAstavika 'sphoTa' hai| prAkAMkSAdi-vicAra 113 -- 125 'pAkAMkSA' kA svarUpa; eka dUsare prakAra se 'pAkAMkSA' kA vivecana; 'yogyatA' kA svarUpa; yogyatA' ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA vaktavya tathA usakA khaNDana; 'prAsatti' kA svarUpa tathA usakI 'sahakArikAraNatA' ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'tAtparya' kA svarUpa-vivecana tathA zAbda bodha meM usakI hetutaa| dhAtvartha-nirNaya 126-184 dhAtuoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'phala' kI paribhASA; 'vyApAra' pada kA spaSTIkaraNa tathA dhAtvartha kI paribhASA meM Aye 'anukUla' zabda kA abhiprAya; kartRvAcya tathA bhAvavAcya meM tiGanta pada kriyA-pradhAna hotA hai tathA karmavAcya meM 'phala'pradhAna; 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM meM dhAtu kI pRthak-pRthak 'zakti' mAnane vAloM kA khaNDana; mImAMsakoM ke mata --- "dhAtu' kA artha 'phala' hai tathA 'pratyaya' kA artha vyApAra' hai" --kA khaNDana; mImAMsakoM kA upayukta mata mAnane para 'sakarmaka', 'akarmaka' sambandhI vyavasthA kI anupapatti ; mImAMsakoM ke mata meM anya doSoM kA pradarzana; kriyA kA svarUpa; siddha aura sAdhya kI koNDabhaTTa-sammata paribhASA; 'sAdhyatA' kI vAstavika paribhASA; 'as' ityAdi dhAtuoM kI kriyArUpatA; 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 paribhASA; 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' kI niSkarSabhUta paribhASA; 'jJA' dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'AvaraNabhaGga' athavA 'viSayatA' ko 'jJA' dhAtu kA 'phala' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; 'iS' dhAtu kA artha; 'pat' dhAtu kI 'sakarmakatA' tathA 'akarmakatA' ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'kR' dhAtu kA artha; 'lakArArtha' ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta; naiyAyikoM ke prathama siddhAnta - "lakAroM' kA artha 'kRti' hai"-kA khaNDana; naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'lakAroM' kA artha 'kRti' mAnane se utpanna doSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka aura upAya tathA usakA khaNDana; "nAmArthayorabhedenAnvayaH' isa nyAya ke AdhAra para bhI 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA artha 'kartA' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; 'lakAroM' kA artha 'kartA' na mAna kara, kevala 'kRti' mAnane para eka aura doSa; naiyAyikoM dvArA svIkRta 'yAkhyAtArtha meM 'dhAtvartha' vizeSaNa banatA hai'-isa dvitIya siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa; naiyAyikoM ke tRtIya siddhAnta-'zAbda bodha meM prathamA vibhaktyanta pada kA artha pramukha hotA hai'-- ke khaNDana kI dRSTi se, usase pahale, vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata kI sthApanA; naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM doSa; 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya meM uparipradarzita doSa kA pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM samAdhAna tathA usakA khnnddn| nipAtArtha-nirNaya 185-242 'nipAtoM kI artha-dyotakatA kA pratipAdana; 'dyotakatA' kA abhiprAya; 'upasarga artha ke dyotaka haiM tathA nipAta artha ke vAcaka', - naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA khaNDana; isa prasaGga meM naiyAyikoM para anya vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA kiye gaye prAkSepa; kauNDabhaTTa ke AkSepoM kI nissAratA; 'dyotaka' hone para bhI 'nipAta' sArthaka haiM, anarthaka nahIM; "upasarga artha ke dyotaka haiM'- isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana; upasargoM kI artha-dyotakatA ke viSaya meM bhartRhari kA kathana; "iva' sAdRzya artha kA vAcaka hai"-isa naiyAyika-mata kA khaNDana; 'iva' ke dyotya artha ke viSaya meM nAgeza kA mata; 'paryudAsa na' tathA usakA dyotya artha; 'paryu dAsa natra' prAyaH samAsa-yukta milatA hai; 'prasajyapratiSedha' kA svarUpa, 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM ke artha; buddhigata zabda hI vAcaka hai tathA vahI vAcyArtha bhI hai; 'ghaTo na paTaH' isa prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra tathA usake sambandha meM naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana; "eva' nipAta ke vividha artha; avadhAraNa ke tIna prakAra; 'eva' ke prayoga ke binA bhI niyama kI pratIti; prasaMgata: 'vidhi', 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' ke lakSaNa aura zAstrIya udAharaNa / For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 243-262 'lakAroM' ke sthAna para vihita 'Adeza'-bhUta 'tiG' kI arthavAcakatA ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'lAdeza'-mAtra ke artha tathA unakA paraspara anvaya; vartamAna kAla kI paribhASA; 'liT' ke AdezabhUta 'tiG' kA artha; 'kR', 'bhU' Adi ke anuprayoga ke sthaloM meM 'kR', 'bhU' Adi dhAtuoM tathA 'Am' pratyaya ke artha kA nirNaya aura unake pArasparika anvaya kA spaSTIkaraNa; 'luT' ke AdezabhUta 'tiGa' ke artha tathA 'bhaviSyattva' kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'luTa'-sthAnIya tiG' kA artha; 'leT' lakAra ke AdezabhUta 'ti' kA artha; 'loTa' lakAra ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'tiG' kA artha; 'laG' ke AdezabhUta 'ti' kA artha; 'liG ke AdezabhUta 'tiG' kA artha; 'pravartanA' kI paribhASA; 'luGa' lakAra ke AdezabhUta 'liG' kA artha tathA 'bhUtatva' kI paribhASA; 'luG lakAra ke AdezabhUta 'tiG' kA artha / lakArArtha-nirNaya 263-314 lakArArtha ke viSaya meM vividha mata; 'lakAra' ko hI vAcaka mAnanA yukta hai, usake sthAna para Ane vAle 'tip' Adi 'AdezoM' ko nahIM; 'latva' tathA 'pAtmanepadatva' rUpa zaktiyoM meM antara; kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM zAbda bodha kA svarUpa; karmavAcya tathA kartRvAcya ke kucha aura prayoga; kAla kI dRSTi se 'lakAroM' ke vividha artha; 'vartamAna' Adi kAloM kA anvaya 'kRti' (yatna) athavA 'vyApAra' meM hI hotA hai; 'jJA' Adi dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'laT' se kisa prakAra 'vartamAna'kAla tathA 'prAzrayatA' donoM kA bodha hotA hai aura 'vartamAna' kAla kA kyA abhiprAya hai ina praznoM kA uttara; eka hI pada ('laT') se bodhita 'kRti' tathA 'vartamAnatA' ina donoM arthoM meM paraspara anvaya kA prakAra; 'ghaTo nazyati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'laT' ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; isa viSaya meM anya AcAryoM kA mata; 'nazyati' ke artha ke viSaya meM kucha anya vidvAnoM kA mata; 'pAkhyAta' (lakAra) se hone vAle artha-bodha ke viSaya meM vaiyAkaraNoM, mImAMsAkoM tathA naiyAyikoM ke vibhinna vAda; 'laG' tathA 'luG lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'liTa' lakAra ke artha-'bhUta' kAla tathA 'parokSatA'-ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'luTa' tathA 'luT lakAra se prakaTa hone vAle bhaviSyata kAla kI paribhASA; kucha anya vidvAnoM kA mata; 'naz' dhAtu ke 'luTa' tathA luT lakAra ke prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'pakSyati', 'pakvavAn' ityAdi prayogoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'liG' tathA 'loT lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'vidhi' zabda For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra kAraka - nirUparaNa 12 ke artha ke viSaya meM bhATTa-matAnuyAyI mImAMsakoM kA vicAra; naiyAyikoM dvArA uparyukta bhATTa mImAMsakoM ke mata kA khaNDana, AcArya prabhAkara ke anuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'vidhi' zabda kA artha kevala eka prakAra ke artha kI kalpanA se kAma nahIM cala sakatA; pA~coM prakAra ke arthoM kA upapAdana; 'vidhi' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA mata; 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi prayogoM meM naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta mata ke anusAra 'prabheda' - sambandha se hI anvaya sambhava; 'brAhmaNo na hantavya:' isa prayoga ke artha ke viSaya meM, 'liG' ke artha kI dRSTi se, vicAra; "pratyayAnAM prakRtyarthAnvita svArtha- bodhakatvam" isa paribhASA ke prakAza meM 'brAhmaNo na hantavya:' isa vAkya ke artha ke viSaya meM puna: vicAra; 'leT' lakAra ke artha ke viSaya vicAra; 'lRG' lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'lRGa' lakAra ke donoM arthoM se sambaddha udAharaNoM kA pradarzana evaM vivecana / 315-377 kAraka kI paribhASA; 'kartRtva' kI paribhASA; sUtrakAra pANini ke anusAra prathamA vibhakti kA artha 'sambodhana' meM hone vAlI prathamA vibhakti kI 'kArakatA'; prathamA tathA sambodhana kI 'kArakatA' meM pramANa; kAraka kI dUsarI paribhASAoM ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'kartA' kI eka anya paribhASA kA khaNDana; 'karma' kAraka kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'karma' saMjJA kI paribhASA ke 'uddezyatva' pada ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'karma' kAraka kI paribhASA meM 'yogyatA- vizeSa - zAlitvam' aura jor3anA cAhiye; kucha anya prayogoM meM 'karmatva' kI upapatti; 'yogyatA vizeSa - zAlitvam' meM 'vizeSa' pada kA prayojana; 'karma' kAraka ke kucha anya prayogoM para vicAra; 'dvikarmaka' dhAtuyoM ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'karma' kAraka kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta pakSa ko prastuta karane ke pahale, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, kinhIM anya naiyAyika vidvAnoM ke hI tIna matoM kA pradarzana; isa prasaMga meM naiyAyikoM kI siddhAntabhUta paribhASA; naiyAyikoM dvArA 'karma' kAraka kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM svIkRta siddhAntabhUta uparyukta caturtha mata kA khaNDana 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH ' prayoga ke viSaya me vicAra; 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' dhAtuyoM kI paribhASAoM para eka dRSTi ; 'karaNa' kAraka kA lakSaNa evaM usakA vivecana; 'sampradAna' kAraka kI paribhASA; isa prasaMga meM vRttikAroM kA bhinna vicAra; vRttikAroM ke mata kA anaucitya; 'sampradAna' kAraka meM hone vAlI caturthI vibhakti kA artha 'sampradAna' kAraka kI eka dUsarI paribhASA; " karmaNA yam abhipreti " 0 sUtra kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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13 AvazyakatA para vicAra; 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA; 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA ke 'prakRtadhAtvavAcya' tathA 'tattatkartR' ina aMzoM ke prayojana ke viSaya meM vicAra; 'aupAdhika' bheda se utpanna artha-bheda ke dvArA 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAne para paribhASA meM 'tattatkartRsamaveta' isa graMza kI avazyakatA para vicAra; 'vRkSAt parNa patati' isa prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra: 'apAdAna' kAraka kI eka dUsarI paribhASA kA vivecana; 'apAdAna' kI uparyukta paribhASA ko mAnane vAle kisI vidvAn ke, 'parasparasmAn meSAvapasarataH' isa prayoga-viSayaka, vaktavya kA khaNDana ; paMcamI vibhakti kA artha; 'adhikaraNa' kAraka kI paribhASA; 'adhikaraNa' ke tIna prakAra; bhAvasaptamI yA satsaptamI kA artha; SaSThI vibhakti kA artha; 'rAjJaH puruSaH' jaise prayoga meM, sambandha 'rAjA' tathA 'puruSa' donoM meM hai isaliye, 'rAjJaH' ke samAna 'puruSa' zabda meM bhI SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga prApta hai-isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna / nAmArtha 378-403 mImAMsakoM ke anusAra zabda kI zakti jAti meM hai; mImAMsakoM ke 'jAtizaktivAda' ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana tathA naiyAyikoM ke vyaktizaktivAda' ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana; vastuta: 'jAti'viziSTa vyakti' athavA 'vyakti'-viziSTa 'jAti' hI zabda kA vAcya artha hotA hai; 'prAtipadika' athavA 'nAma' zabdoM kA artha 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti' ke sAtha sAtha ' liGga' bhI hai; 'saMGakhyA' athavA 'vacana' bhI 'prAtipadika' zabdoM kA artha hai; 'kAraka' bhI 'prAtipadika' zabda kA hI artha hai; zabda apane svarUpa kA bhI bodhaka hotA hai; zAbda bodha meM zabda ke apane rUpa ke bhI bhAsita hone ke kAraNa hI 'anukaraNa' se 'anukArya' ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai; 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'bhU' jaise vibhaktirahita prayoga asAdhu nahI hai; abheda pakSa meM 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ke sarvathA abhinna hone para 'anukaraNa'-bhUta zabda se 'anukArya-bhUta zabda ke svarUpa kA jJAna kaise hotA hai isa prazna kA uttara / samAsAdi-vRtyartha 404-438 do prakAra kI vRttiyAM; vyapekSAvAdI naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM kA mata; 'vyapekSA' pakSa kA khaNDana; lAkSaNika arthavattA ke AdhAra para bhI samAsayukta padoM ko 'prAtipadika' saMjJA upapanna nahIM ho pAtI; samAsayukta padoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke upapAdana kA eka anya upAya tathA usakA nirAkaraNa; For Private and Personal Use Only

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14 vyapekSAvAdI ke eka anya kathana kA khaNDana; "pratyaya apane samIpavartI pada ke artha se sambaddha svArtha ke bodhaka hote haiN| isa nyAya kI anukUlatA 'vyapekSAvAda' meM hI hai" naiyAyikoM ke isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa; 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta meM eka aura doSa; 'ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya para kiye jAne vAle kucha anya AkSepoM kA samAdhAna; 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM aneka doSa dikhAkara 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya kA samarthana; 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM kucha aura doSa / paramala ghumaMjUSA meM uddhRta sandarbha paramaladhumaMjUSA meM uddhRta grantha evaM pranthakAra zuddhipatra 436-450 451-52 453 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA vyAkaraNa-darzana : svarUpa, pratipAdya viSaya evaM paramparA 'darzana' zabda kA maulika abhiprAya -- 'darzana' zabda kA maulika artha hai dRSTi, jisake dvArA dekhA jAya / para yaha sAmAnya dRSTi na hokara, vizeSa, asAdhAraNa athavA divya dRSTi hai| carma cakSutroM se dikhAI dene vAle athavA sabhI jJAnendriyoM dvArA anubhUta hone vAle bAhya evaM sthUla rUpoM, bhAvoM, vyApAroM, kriyAoM tathA ceSTAoM ko kSaNika evaM asatya mAnate hue unase Upara uTha kara atimAnasa athavA divya dRSTi se vizva meM prota prota anirvacanIya vizvAtmA kA satata darzana karanA (usake sAnnidhya, sAyujya evaM sAhacarya meM rahanA) hI 'darzana' zabda kA pramukha tathA prAcIna artha pratIta hotA hai / isa viziSTa dRSTi se anubhUta prAdhyAtmika jJAna ko bhI 'darzana' kahA jAtA hai / isa divya darzana (dRSTi) kI sarvaprathama upalabdhi huI thI vaidika RSiyoM ko jinake atimAnasa meM vaidika RcAoM kA svataH sphuraNa huA thaa| isa tathya ke upodvalaka ananta pramANa vedoM, brAhmaNoM, AraNyakoM, upaniSadoM tathA anya prAcIna AdhyAtmika granthoM meM spaSTataH ullikhita athavA saMketita milate haiM / udAharaNa ke liye nimnalikhita mantrAMza draSTavya haiM :tad viSNoH paramaM padaM sadA pazyanti sUrayaH / (Rgveda 1.22.20) _ viSNu ke usa parama pada ko (sarvotkRSTa rUpa ko) vidvAn athavA jJAnI sadA dekhate rahate haiN| tad apazyat, tad abhavat tat prAsIt / (yajurveda 32.12) RSi ne usa parama tattva ko dekhA, (dekhakara) usase abhinna ho gayA, (vastutaH) vaha usase abhinna hI thaa| venastat pazyat paramaM guhA yad yatra vizvam bhavatyekarUpam / (atharvaveda 2.1.1) tulanA karo-gItA 11.8; na tu mAM zakyase draSTumanenaiva svckssussaa| divyaM dadAmi te cakSuH pazya me yogamezvaram / vApa0-1.16; vaikRtaM samatikrAntA mUrtivyApAradarzanam / vyatItyAlokatamasI prakAzaM yamupAsate // tulanA karo-- yajurveda 32.8; venastatpazyannihitaM guhA sad yatra vizvambhavatyekanIDam / 1. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vidvAna athavA jJAnI RSi ne usa parama tattva ko dekhA jo rahasyamaya (guhA) hai aura jisa meM sampUrNa vizva ekarUpatA (abhinnatA) ko prApta ho jAtA hai / isa viziSTa dRSTi athavA darzana kI upalabdhi ke kAraNa hI ye RSi 'sAkSAtkRtadharmA' kahalAye' tathA 'RSi' zabda kI vyutpatti 'dRzira prekSaNe' (dRz , dekhanA) ghAtu se mAnI gyii| vaidika maMtroM meM jisa mahAbhAgyavAn, athavA ananta-zakti-sampanna, satya svarUpa advitIya paramAtmA kI bahudhA stuti huI hai usa maMtrAtmA ke darzana athavA sAkSAtkAra ke binA maMtroM kA darzana karanA yA sphuraNa honA asambhava thA / isaliye maMtroM ke darzana athavA maMtrAtmA ke darzana meM koI antara nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / ina paramAtma-draSTA RSiyoM kI divya cetanA meM svataH saMkrAnta RcAroM ke samUha ko hI 'veda' kahA gayA jo usa parama sattA kA hI zAbdika prativimba thA aura sAtha hI usa parama sattA kI prApti kA upAya bhI thaa| isa divya dRSTi athavA darzana kI anupama nidhi ko apane mUla meM antahita karake jJAna kI vividha razmiyoM ko apanI paddhati se pratipAdita, pracArita evaM prasArita karane vAlI smRtiyoM athavA zAstroM ko bhI saMskRta bhASA meM 'darzana' kahA gyaa| ina sabhI darzanoM athavA zAstroM kA mUla AdhAra hai veda / vastuta: vedavettA prApta vidvAnoM ne vaidika saMketoM ke AdhAra para anekavidha zAstroM kA praNayana kiyaa| isa rUpa meM ina sabhI darzanoM aura zAstroM tathA smRtiyoM ke mUla meM vahI divya dRSTi hai jisane sampUrNa sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta eka, avinAzI evaM sacetana tattva kA darzana kiyA thA, sAkSAtkAra kiyA thaa| isa maulika dRSTi athavA usase anubhUta AdhyAtmika jJAna se rahita zAstroM ko 'darzana' nAma nahIM diyA jA sktaa| saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-zAstra athavA zabda-darzana-saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-zAstra bhI eka darzana hai-yaha zabda-darzana hai| eka aisA darzana athavA dRSTi jisakI mUlabhUta mAnyatA yaha hai ki sampUrNa sRSTi kI parama-kAraNa-bhUtA, anAdi, evaM parAtpara zakti zabda-tattvAtmaka hai| isI 1. nirukta 1.20; sAkSAtkRtadharmANa RSayo babhUvuH / 2. vahI 2.11; RSirdarzanAt / stomAn dadarzetyaupamanyavaH / 3. vahI 7.4; mAhAbhAgyAd devatAyA eka AtmA bahudhA stUyate / dra0-Rgveda 1.164.36; Rco'znare parame vyoman yasmin devA adhi vizve niSeduH / yastanna veda kimacA kariSyati ya ittad vidusta ime samAsate // tathA-gItA 15.15; vedazca sarberahameva vedyaH / dra0-vApa0 1.5; prAptyupAyo'nukArazca tasya vedo maharSibhiH / 'darzana' zabda ke isa abhiprAya kI daSTi se dra0-vApa0 1.36; yo yasya svamiva jJAnaM darzanaM nAtizaGkate / sthitaM pratyakSapakSe taM kathamanyo nivartayet / / 7. dra0-vahI 1.7; smRtayo bahurUpAzca dRssttaadRssttpryojnaa:| tamevAzritya liGgebhyo vedavidbhiH prakalpitA: / / 8, dra0-vahI 1.1 (pUrvArdha); anAdinidhanaM brahma zabdatatva yadakSaram / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra tIna jyotiHsvarUpa zabda brahma' se vizva kI vividha prakriyAyeM, prAntara evaM bAhya artho, padArtho, bhAvoM zrAdi ke rUpa meM vivartita, pravartita Avartita evaM pariNata hotI rahI haiM / " yaha sUkSmAtisUkSma (mAnavIya indriyoM dvArA sarvathA avijJeya) mUlabhUta zabda hI prANiyoM kI cetanA hai, prAntara jJAna / yahI sUkSma vAgAtmA hai, jo apanI anantavidha abhivyakti ke liye vaikharIrUpa sthUla dhvaniyoM meM parivartita hotA hai / sampUrNa sRSTi-prapaMca ke mUla meM vidyamAna yahI zabda brahma svayaM apane sthUla rUpa meM usI prakAra sampUrNa sRSTi-prapaMca bana jAtA hai jisa prakAra vRkSa ke mUla meM vidyamAna sUkSma bIja hI apane sthUla rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / yaha zabda brahma dvitIya hai, anAdi aura ananta hai / isase pratirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai' / isa zabda- bahma kI granantAnanta zaktiyAM, zaktimAn brahma se abhinna hokara, vividha kAryoM meM rata haiM / ina zaktiyoM meM pramukha hai 'kAla' zakti, jisameM anya sabhI zaktiyAM samAhita athavA antarbhUta haiM / isI 'kAla' zakti ke prAzrita ve janma Adi chaH bhAvavikAra bhI haiM, jo sabhI padArthoM tathA kriyAoM ke pArasparika bheda ke kAraNa haiN| isa rUpa meM vahI zabda brahma svayaM bhoktA, bhoktavya aura bhoga saba kucha banA huA hai / 2. 3. dUsarI ora, yadi bhASA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to, vahI sUkSmatama eka zabda-tattva hI vividha zabdarUpoM (varNa, pada, vAkya yAdi) meM vibhakta, aura isa rUpa meM nAma-rUpavibhAgA, vANI kA parama AhlAdaka rasa hai / vaha eka pavitratama jyoti hai kyoMki vaktA kA prAntara jJAna athavA caitanya svarUpa grAtmA hI sthUla zabdoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / vidvAnoM' kA vicAra hai ki avyakta zabda brahma, jise 'parA' kahA gayA hai, abhivyakti ke lie unmukha hotA huA vaktA ke nAbhi sthAna meM 'pazyantI' evaM hRdaya deza meM 'madhyamA' nAma grahaNa karatA hai / 'madhyamA' kI sthiti usI zabda tattva ko 'sphoTa' kahA jAtA hai 1. 4. 5. 6. www.kobatirth.org 7. 8. dra0 - atharvaveda 13.3 1; yadekaM jyotirbahudhA vibhAti / tathA bApa 0 1.12; yat tat puNyatamaM jyotiH / dra0---vApa0 1.1 (uttarArdha); vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH / vahI 1112, 126, 127; athedamAntaraM jJAnaM sUkSme vAgAtmani sthitaH / vyaktaye svasya rUpasya zabdatvena vivartate / saiSA saMsAriNAM saMjJA bahirantazca vartate / tanmAtrAmanatikrAntaM caitanyaM sarvajantuSu / arthakriyAsu vAk sarvAn samohayati dehinaH / tadutkrAnto visaMjJo'yaM dRzyate kASThakuDyavat // dra0 - vApa0 1.4; ekasya sarvabIjasya yasya ceyamanekadhA / bhoktRbhoktavyarUpeNa bhogarUpeNa ca sthitiH // vahI - 1.2; ekameva yadAmnAtam / tulanA karo - gItA 7, 7; mattaH parataraM nAnyat kiMcidasti dhanaMjaya | vApa0 1.3; adhyAtikAM yasya kAlazaktimupAzritAH / janmAdaya vikArA: SaD bhAvabhedasya yonayaH // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bApa0 1.12; prAptarUpavibhAgAyA yo nAcaH paramo rasaH / yattatpuNyatamaM jyotistasya mArgo'yamAMjasaH / dra0- palama0 ( prastuta saMskaraNa) pu0 91-96 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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cAra kyoMki vahAM vAcaka zabda tathA vAcya artha kA pArthakya pratIta hone lagatA hai / pRthak pRthak rUpa se pratIta hone vAle zabda tathA athaM meM vAcaka zabda ko 'sphoTa' isalie kahA jAtA hai ki eka to vaha svayaM prAkRta dhvaniyoM ke dvArA sphuTita hotA hai, utpanna na hokara abhivyakta hotA hai, tathA dUsarI ora, apanI mahimA se vaktA ke abhISTa artha ko sphuTita karatA hai, prakAzita karatA hai| eka hI 'zabda' tatva kI pAMca pramukha sthitiyA~-saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ke isa 'zabdabrahma', 'kevalA' athavA 'parA' vANI yA sUkSmatama mUla zabda ko samajhane kI dRSTi se zabda kI pramukha pA~ca sthitiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI haiN| prathama sthiti ko 'azabda' kahA gayA jisameM kSobha athavA caMcalatA kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai| sArI caMcalatA ko sameTa kara vaha parAtpara tattva zAnta samudra ke samAna apane nizcala rUpa meM sthita rahatA hai| bhagavadgItA' meM isI mUla bhUta tattva ko 'avyakta akSara' kahA gayA hai tathA use hI 'parama gati' mAnA gayA hai| isake bAda kI sthiti ko 'para zabda' kahA gyaa| isa sthiti meM 'zabdabrahma' kI ananta zaktiyA~ kAryarata ho jAtI haiM / unakI avyakta caMcalatA aba abhivyakti ke lie unmukha ho jAtI hai| isa caMcalatA ko sunane yogya koI kAna nahIM hai / isa para zabda' kI sthiti meM vidyamAna caMcalatA ko kevala sraSTA prajApati athavA vidhAtA ke kAna hI suna sakate haiN| yaha 'para zabda' hI bAda kI 'zabda-tanmAtrA' 'sUkSma zabda' tathA 'sthUla zabda' Adi vividha sthitiyoM kA kAraNa hai kyoMki usake binA inakI sthiti sambhava nahIM hai / ina 'zabda-tanmAtrA' Adi ke na hone para bhI 'para zabda' kI sattA to rahatI hai para isake viparIta sthiti kI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, arthAt 'zabda-tanmAtrA' Adi ke na hone para 'para zabda' kI sthiti bhI na rahe aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha 'para zabda' hI sarva-samartha sraSTA hai| isake uccarita hote hI zabda apane artha se sambaddha padArtha kI usI kSaNa sRSTi karane meM samartha hotA hai / isa sthiti ke lie hI brAhmaNa granthoM meM yaha kahA gayA ki prajApati ne 'bhUH' kahA aura pRthvI bana gaI, 'bhuvaH' kahA aura antarikSa bana gayA / bAibila meM bhI yaha kathana milatA hai ki "sRSTi ke prArambha meM kevala zabda tattva hI thA aura vahI brahma athavA paramAtmA thaa| vahIM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki isa zabda tattva rUpa brahma . dra0-vApa0 1.77 kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhata saMgraha kI kArikA: zabdasya grahaNe hetuH prAkRto dhvaniriSyate / 2. dra0-vyAkaraNamahAbhASya, guruprasAda saMskaraNa prathama Ahi nak pR0 12 / yenoccAritena sAsnAlAgRlakakud-khuraviSANinAM sampratyayo bhavati sa zabdaH / 3. isa viSaya ke vistRta adhyayana ke liye draSTavya-svAmI pratyagAtmAnanda-kRta japasUtram, bhUmikA bhAga, 'svAbhAvika zabda aura maMtra' (1), 10 17-16 / bhagavadgItA 8.21; avyakto'kSara ityuktastAmAhuH paramAM gatim / dra0-taittirIya brAhmaNa 2.2.4.2-3; sa bhUriti vyAharat / sa bhuvam asajat sa bhuvariti vyAharat / so'ntarikSam asRjat / Bible, New Testament, St. John, Chapter I. In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pA~ca ne kahA-"prakAza ho jAya aura prakAza ho gyaa| isI 'para zabda' kI dRSTi se yaha kathana bhI samajha meM AtA hai ki "paramezvara ne vedoM ke zabdoM se sRSTi kA nirmANa kiyaa"| 'para zabda' ke bAda kI sthiti 'zabda tanmAtrA' kI hai| isa zabda ke zravaNIya hone kI kalpanA to kI jA sakatI hai para vaha zravaNIyatA sarvasAmAnya ke lie nahIM hai| isa 'zabda-tanmAtrA' ke pazcAt 'sUkSma zabda' aura phira 'sthUla zabda' kI sthiti mAnI gii| 'zabda-tanmAtrA' tathA 'sUkSma zabda' ke spandana kA anubhava bhautika zrotra to nahIM kara pAte para yogiyoM ke divya zrotra unheM avazya grahaNa kara lete haiN| 'sthUla zabda' ko zabda kI abhivyakti kA nimnatama stara kahA jAyagA jo apane sthUla evaM bAhya spandanoM ke dvArA bhautika zrotroM ko uttejita karake una spandanoM ko zravaNa-yogya banAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha avyakta zabda athavA 'azabda' hI, apane 'para zabda'-rUpa eka aMza se, sampUrNa sRSTi prapaMca ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho rahA hai| yaha 'para zabda' athavA' sUkSmAtisUkSma spandana, (jise gati, ceSTA, harakata jaise zabdoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai) hI vaha vizvaprasavinI prAdyA vANI hai jo prAmbhaNI RSikA ke nAma se Rgveda meM apanA asAdhAraNa mahattva udghoSita karatI huI anta meM yaha kahatI hai ki-"maiM hI sampUrNa bhuvanoM kA utpAdana karatI huI, sRSTi kI utpatti ke lie unmukha hotI huI, sRSTi ke prArambha meM vAyu ke samAna vizeSa rUpa se gatizIla ho jAtI hU~, spandana athavA ceSTA Adi se yukta bana jAtI huuN| maiM dyu loka tathA pRthvI loka Adi sampUrNa brahmANDa athavA sRSTi ke pasAre se atyanta pare hU~, vilakSaNa hU~ tathA apanI asIma evaM anirvacanIya mahimA se nitAnta asAdhAraNa hU~ aura parama mahimAmayI banI huI huuN|" 'para zabda'-rUpa yaha spandana tathA usakA AzrayabhUta vaha avijJa ya tatva, jisameM spandana ho rahA hai, arthAt 'para zabda' tathA usakI pUrvAvasthArUpa mUlabhUta zabda ('azabda') ye donoM hI sarvathA abhinna haiM, eka haiM, akhaNDa haiM aura avicchedya haiM / antara kevala sthiti kA hai| 'azabda' rUpa yaha abhinna tattva hI vaiyAkaraNoM kA 'zabdabrahma' hai, jo spandana karatI huI kiMvA vibhinna kAryo kA niSpAdana karatI huI, apanI anantAnanta zaktiyoM kA prAzraya bana kara bhI unase sarvathA abhinna hai aura abhinna hokara bhI una zaktiyoM se bhinna sA 9. Bible, Old testament Genesis, Chapter 1, 3; And God said let there be light and there was light 2. dra0.-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 23, zloka saM0 24; anAdinidhanA nityA vAg utsRSTA svayambhuvA / Adau vedamayI divyA yata: sarvAH pravRttayaH / / vApa0 1.20; zabdasya pariNAmo'yam ityAmnAyavido viduH / chandobhya eva prathamam etad vizva vyavartata / / tathA Rgveda ke sAyaNa-bhASya kA prArambhika zloka 2; yasya niHzvasitaM vedA yo vedebhyo'khilaM jagat / nirmame tamahaM vande vidyAtIrtha mahezvaram / / Rgveda 10.125.8) ahameva vAta iva pravAmyArabhamANA bhuvanAni vishvaa| paro divA para enA pathivyaitAvatI mahinA smbbhuuv|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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pratIta hotA hai / vastutaH hamArI bhedavatI buddhi, athavA samajhane samajhAne kI prakriyA, ke kAraNa usa meM bheda athavA vaividhya pratIta hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha 'zabdabrahma' hI, jise 'azabda', 'kevalA vAka', 'parA vAk' Adi nAmoM athavA vizeSaNoM se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, saba sRSTa padArthoM kI mUlabhUtA AdyA prakRti hai| ___'zabda-brahma' ke svarUpa-jJAna se mukti -- isa avinAzI 'zabdabrahma' kI sArvatrika sattA evaM usakI vividharUpatA ke pratipAdana ke liye vyAkaraNa ke prAcAryoM ne aneka vidha prakriyAoM tathA kalpanAoM ko janma diyaa| prakRti pratyayoM kI vizAla zRkhalA, caturvidha pada-vibhAga, ityAdi unhIM kalpanAoM ke pariNAma hai / yaha bar3e azcarya kI bAta mAnI jAyagI ki jina vaiyAkaraNoM ne zabda ko akhaNDa, avicchedya evaM nitya mAnA unhoMne hI, zabda tattva ke svarUpAdhigama kI dRSTi se, zabdoM ke sUkSmAtisUkSma vibhAga kiye / yahA~ taka ki rUr3hi zabdoM meM bhI 'prakRti', pratyaya' Adi kI kalpanA ko parAkASThA taka pahu~cA diyaa| para ina sabhI asatya vibhAgoM tathA tatsambaddha kalpanAoM ke dvArA usI eka, avibhakta evaM satya svarUpa mahAn 'zabda' deva ke sAtha sAnnidhya prApta karanA, usakA sarvatra satata anubhava karanA, sabhI bhUtoM meM use tathA usameM saba bhUtoM ko dekhate hue apane ko usa aAtmatattva se abhinna banA denA tathA isa rUpa meM usakA sAnnidhya prApta karanA hI ina zAbdika sAdhakoM 1. dra0-bApa0 1.2; ekameva yadAmnAtaM bhinna zaktivyapAzrayAt / apathaktve'pi zaktibhyaH pRthaktveneva vartate / / dra0-vApa0 1.118 kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhata: bhedodgrAhanivartena labdhAkAraparigrahA / AmnAtA sarva vidyAsu vAgeva prakRti: parA / / dra0-vApa0 2.238%; upAyA: zikSamANAnAM bAlAnAm upalAlanA: / asatye vartmani sthitvA tata: satyaM samIhate / / tulanA karo-bhUsA0, kArikA saM068; upeyapratipattyarthamupAyA avyavasthitAH / paJcakozAdivattasmAt kalpanaiSA samAzritA / tulanA karo-- bhagavadgItA 5.17 tabuddhayastadAtmAnastanniSThAstatparAyaNA: / gacchantyapunarAvRtti jJAnanidhU takalmaSAH / / tulanA karo-IzopaniSat-6 yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmannevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate / / tathA bhagavadgItA 6.26 / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM sarvabhUtAni cAtmani / IkSate yogayuktAtmA sarvatra samadarzana: / / dra0 mahA0 paspazAhnika (guruprasAda saMskaraNa) pR0 31 ; mahAn devaH zabdaH / mahatA devena naH sAmyaM yathA syAdityadhyeyaM vyAkaraNam / tathA-vApa0 1.131; api prayokturAtmAnaM zabdamantaravasthitam / prAhurmahAntamaSabhaM tena sAyujyamiSyate // For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAta kA eka mAtra lakSya thaa| yahI hai saskRta vaiyAkaraNoM kA zabdAdvaitavAda / isa advaita tattva rUpa 'zabdabrahma' ke parama rahasyabhata svarUpa ko adhigama kara lenA hI mukti hai| bhartRhari ne isI dRSTi se isa zabda-saMskAra kI prakriyA ko paramAtmA kI prApti athavA usake sAkSAtkAra kA upAya mAnA hai tathA yaha kahA hai ki jo sAdhaka ina sthUla zabdoM ke prayoga (uccaraNa) ke mUla meM vidyamAna tattva ('pravRtti-tattva') ko jAna letA hai, usakA anubhava kara letA hai, vaha 'zabdabrahmarUpa' parama amata kA prAsvAdana kara letA hai / vastutaH zabda-prayoga ke mUla meM vidyamAna cetanA hI to vaktA kI atmA hai, usakA prAntara jJAna hai| isa prAtma-tattva ko jAnane kA upadeza hI sampUrNa upaniSadoM kA pratipAdya hai| isa prAtmA tathA paramAtmA meM koI tAttvika antara nahIM hai / isalie zabda-pravRtti ke mUla bhUta tattva kA saccA jJAtA paramAtmA ko, vaiyAkaraNoM ke 'zabdabrahma' ko, pA legA -- isameM kyA sandeha ho sakatA hai ? bhartRhari ne isa 'zabda-brahma' ko amRta kahA hai / vaha amRta isalie hai ki isa divya jJAna rUpa soma ke pAna se sAdhaka bhI amRta ho jAtA hai, amara bana jAtA hai, divya prakAza ko pAkara svayaM divya bana jAtA hai| bhartRhari kI ina kArikAoM ko par3hate hue vaidika RSiyoM kI vaha RcA barabasa yAda A jAtI hai jisameM unhoMne yaha kahA thA ki-"hamane soma pAna kara liyA, hama amara ho gae, divya jyoti ko prApta kara liyA, divyatAe~ hamameM samAhita ho gaIM,' ityAdi / isa kArikA kI svopajJa TIkA meM do tIna zloka kisI prAcIna grantha se uddhRta haiN| inameM se antima do zlokoM meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki vANI kA saMskAra karake tathA vANI aura jJAna ko abhinna banA kara, vANI ko sabhI bAhya bandhanoM-bhedoM tathA upabhedoM-- se rahita kara prAntara jyoti kI prApti hotI hai aura phira sabhI granthiyoM, saMzayoM, karmoM aura ajJAna-janya vividha bhrantiyoM kA nivAraNa hokara parAtpara jyoti se pUrNa ekatA ho jAtI hai, pUrNataH tAdAtmya athavA abheda ho jAtA hai, zabdabrahma kA yaha jJAtA svayaM bhI zabdabrahma bana jAtA hai, aura isa rUpa meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana kA antima prayojana' prApta ho jAtA hai / 1. vApa0 1. 123; tasmAdyaH zabdasaMskAraH sA: siddhiH paramAtmanaH / tasya pravRttitattvajJastad brahmAmRtamaznute / / dra0 vApa0 1. 118 kI svApajJa TIkA meM uddhata; te matyumativartante ye vai vAcamupAsate / 3. Rgaveda 6.43.3; apAma somamamRtA abhUma aganma jyotir avidAma devAn / vApa0 1.123 kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhata; bAca: saMskAramAdhAya vAcaM jJAne nivezya ca / vibhajya bandhanAnyasyAH katvA tAM chinnabandhanAm / / jyotirAntaramAsAdya chinnagranthiparigrahaH / pareNa jyotiSakatva chittvA granthIn prapadyate / / 5. dra0 vyAkaraNamahAbhASya, prathama Ahnika, pR0 31; mahatA devena naH sAmyaM yathA syAd ityadhyeyaM vyAkaraNam For Private and Personal Use Only

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ATha isI dRSTi se vyAkaraNa ko mokSa kA dvAra' tathA mumukSatroM ke lie rAja-padvati aura siddhi-sopAna kA prathama parva' (paira rakhane kA sthAna) kahA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa-darzana kA manasvI evaM niSThavAn adhyetA viparyAsa arthAt avidyA, ajJAna evaM bheda-buddhi kA nitAnta nirasana karake, sarvathA pariSkRta evaM chandasya banakara, usa 'kevalA' (anirvacanIyA athavA parama zuddhA) vANI kA darzana karatA hai, jo sabhI chandobaddha vaidika RcAoM kA bhI mUla hai| jisameM sabhI bheda, vibhAga evaM prakriyAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM, usa avibhakta evaM nAma-rUpa-rahitA vANI kA sarvottama rUpa hai yaha 'kevalA' vaannii| abhinnatA evaM advitIyatA ke kAraNa hI ise 'kevalA' kahA gyaa| yahI vaha adbhuta prakAza hai, jisakI upAsanA, sabhI rUpoM tathA kriyAoM se Upara uThakara aura mAnava buddhi-nirmita-pApa-puNya, satya-asatya, sukRta-duSkRta ityAdi dvandvoM se sambaddha sabhI mApadaNDoM evaM kasauTiyoM se pare jAkara sarvatra eka mAtra zabda tattva kA hI darzana karane vAle, samadarzI zabdika sAdhaka hI kara pAte haiN| saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-darzana kI yaha adbhuta evaM sarvathA asAdhAraNa vizeSatA hai, jo vizva ke kisI bhI anya vyAkaraNa meM anupalabdha hai| saMskRta-vyAkaraNa kevala vyAkaraNa athavA vyAkRti na ho kara darzana hai jabaki anya vyAkaraNa zabdoM ke khilavAr3a mAtra bana kara raha gae haiM, unakA uddezya kevala bhASA kA kathaMcita jJAna karA denA ho hai / vyAkaraNa-darzana kA pratipAdya-saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-darzana sAmAnyatayA zabda, artha tathA unake sambandha ke viSaya meM vicAra karatA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'zabda' kA abhiprAya hai akhaNDa vAkya athavA akhaNDa pada, jisase koI bhAva (Idea) yA abhiprAya prakaTa ho ske| vyAkaraNadarzana sAmAnyatayA akhaNDa vAkya ko hI akhaNDa vAkyArtha kA vAcaka mAnatA hai| kahIM-kahIM akhaNDa pada ko bhI akhaNDa padArtha kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| isI kAraNa vAkyasphoTa tathA padasphoTa ina donoM kI kalpanA kI gaI tathA inakI dRSTi se vividha samasyAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ vAkya tathA pada ko 'anvAkhyeya' mAnA gayA hai, jinakA anvAkhyAna, vizleSaNa, saMskriyA athavA svarUpa-siddhi kA prayAsa vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA bhAga meM kiyA jAtA hai / jina kalpita bhAgoM tathA aMzoM se ina anvAkhyeya zabdoM (vAkyoM tathA padoM) kA anvAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai, unheM 'pratipAdaka' zabda kahA gayA hai| vAkya rUpa 'anvAkhyeya' zabda ke 'pratipAdaka' haiM vAkya meM kalpita 1. vApa0 1.14; tad dvAram apavargasya / 2. vahI 1.6; idamAdya padasthAnaM siddhisopAnaparvaNAm / iyaM sA mokSamANAnAm ajimA rAjapaddhatiH / / vahI-1. 17. atrAtItaviparyAsaH kevalAmanupazyati / chandasya zchandasAM yonimAtmA chandomayIM tanum // vahI-1. 18; pratyasta mitabhedAyA yad vAco rUpamuttamam / yadasminneva tamasi jyatiH zuddha vivartate // vahI-1. 16; vaikRtaM samatikrAntA mUrti vyApAradarzanam / vyatItyAlokatamasI prakAzaM yamupAsate // For Private and Personal Use Only

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vividha pada / padarUpa 'anvAkhyeya' zabda ke 'pratipAdaka' haiM pada meM kalpita vividha 'prakRti' tathA 'pratyaya' rUpa aMza / isI taraha artha bhI do prakAra kA hai| akhaNDa vAkya tathA akhaNDa pada ke kramazaH prakhaNDa vAkyArtha tathA akhaNDa padArtha rUpa artha ko 'sthitalakSaNa' artha kahA gayA hai kyoMki isa artha meM parivartana nahIM hotaa| isakA svarUpa (lakSaNa) sthira (sthita) hotA hai| isa akhaNDa vAkyArtha tathA akhaNDa padArtha rUpa 'sthita lakSaNa' artha ko samajhane samajhAne kI dRSTi se ina meM, kalpanA ke AdhAra para, jo vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai use, akhaNDa vAkyArtha tathA akhaNDa padArtha (padoM ke artha) se apoddha ta (pRthak kRta) hone ke kAraNa, 'apoddhAra' padArtha' kahA jAtA hai / akhaNDa vAkyArtha kI dRSTi se usameM kalpita vividha padArthoM (padoM ke arthoM) ko 'apoddhAra padArtha' kahA jAtA hai tathA akhaNDa padArthoM (pada ke arthoM) kI dRSTi se una meM kalpita prakRtyarthoM aura pratyayArthoM ko 'apoddhAra padArtha' kahA jAtA hai| zabda kA apane artha ke sAtha sambandha bhI do prakAra kA hai :- 'kAryakAraNabhAva' sambandha tathA 'yogyatA' smbndh| zabda se artha prakaTa hotA hai, isa dRSTi se zabda artha kA abhivyaMjaka nimitta athavA kAraNa hai aura artha kArya hai| parantu artha ko prakaTa karane ke liye zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, isa dRSTi se artha zabda kA prayojaka nimitta hai tathA zabda usakA kArya hai| isa taraha donoM meM 'kAryakAraNabhAva' sambandha hai| isI prakAra zabda tathA artha donoM meM yogyatA' sambandha bhI hai| zabda meM artha ko prakaTa karane kI yogyatA hai tathA artha meM zabda ke dvArA prakaTa hone kI yogyatA hai| isa 'sambandha' ke viSaya meM vyAkaraNa-darzana ko yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki sAdhu athavA ziSTa zabdoM tathA unake arthoM meM vidyamAna sambandha do kArya karate haiN| jahA~ ve artha ke bodhaka hote haiM. vaktA ke tAtparya ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hote hai, vahIM ve eka prakAra ke abhyudaya, adRSTa athavA puNya ke utpAdaka bhI hote haiN| asAdhu arthAt aziSTa athavA apabhraSTa evaM mleccha zabdoM meM vidyamAna sambandha artha kA bodha to karAte haiM parantu adRSTa dharma athavA puNyavizeSa ke utpAdana kI kSamatA unameM nahIM hotii| ina zabda, artha tathA sambandha, tInoM ko vyAkaraNadarzana nitya mAnatA hai| vAcaka zanda vaktA ke prAntara jJAna, cetanA athavA prAtmA kA hI eka sthUla evaM bAhya abhivyakti hai ataH vaha nitya hai| ghaTa Adi zabdoM meM vidyamAna ghaTazabdatva Adi jAti kI dRSTi 1. isa viSaya meM draSTavya merA lekha "apodvAra padArtha tathA sthitalakSaNa artha", bhASA patrikA (varSa 12, aMka 3, mArca 1973) meM prakAzita / vyAkaraNadarzana ke pratipAdyabhUta dvividha zabda, artha tathA sambandha kA saMkalana bhata hari ne vAkyapadIya kI nimna kArikAoM meM kiyA hai :apoddhArapadArthA meM ye cArthAH sthitalakSaNA: / anvAkhyeyAzca ye zabdA ye cApi pratipAdakA: // 1.24 kAryakAraNabhAvena yogyabhAvena ca sthitAH / dharme ye pratyaye cAMgaM sambandhA: sAdhvasAdhuSa / / 1.25 dra0-mahA0 paspazAhnika 10 47; siddha zabdArthasambandhe / tathA vApa0 1.23 nityA: zabdArthasambandhA:, samAmnAtA maharSibhiH / sUtrANAM sAnutaMtrANAM bhASyANAM ca prnnetbhiH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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dasa se bhI zabdoM ko nitya mAnA jA sakatA hai / mahAsattA athavA brahma hai / ataH nitya hai / zabda sambandha kI nityatA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai / 6. vApa0 2.343; vyAkararaNa-darzana kI paramparA' - saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke mUla bhUta tattvoM-- nAma, prakhyAta, upasarga, nipAta, kriyA, liMga, vacana, vibhakti, pratyaya Adi ke viSaya meM bahuta prArambhika kAla se dArzanika cintana prArambha ho gayA thA / AcArya yAska ke nirukta grantha ke prArambha' meM hI nAma, prakhyAta, upasarga tathA nipAta ke svarUpa Adi ke viSaya meM paryApta gambhIra vivecana milatA hai / sambhava hai isa prakAra kA vivecana yAska se pUrva ke anya nirukta granthoM meM bhI kiyA gayA ho / upasarga tathA nAma zabdoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM apane se pUrvavartI AcArya gArgya tathA zAkaTAyana ke paraspara virodhI matoM kA ullekha yAska ne apane nirukta' meM kiyA bhI hai| isI nirukta meM uddhRta eka AcArya praudumbarAyaNa ke akhaNDa vAkyaviSayaka, vyAkararaNadarzana ke pramukha evaM AdhArabhUta siddhAnta' kA ullekha bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya' meM, bharata mizra ne sphoTasiddhi meM tathA mahAbhASya ke eka TIkAkAra' ne apanI TIkA meM kiyA hai / yAska' ne bhI zabda ko 'vyAptimAn' tathA 'araNIyas' kaha kara zabda ke nityatva evaM sUkSmatva kA nirdeza kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adi graMtha Rgveda meM" vANI, vAk athavA zabda ko vividha rUpoM se yukta tathA nitya kahA gayA hai / atharvaveda" meM bhI vANI ko vaktA meM nitya rUpa se rahane vAlA kahA hai / zabda- nityatva ke siddhAnta para pratiSThita eka dUsare siddhAnta sphoTavAda kA sambandha pANini me pUrvavartI prAcArya sphoTAyana se mAnA jAtA hai jinheM haradatta ne padamaMjarI" meM sphoTatattva kA prathama pracAraka tathA svopajJAtA kahA hai / 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zabdoM kA artha bhI paramparayA jAti tathA artha ke nitya hone para unake parantu vyAkaraNadarzana ke spaSTa evaM suvyavasthita svarUpa kA prArambha prAcArya pANini (IsvI pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI) ke samaya se mAnA jA sakatA hai / isameM koI sandeha 1. isa viSaya ke vistRta adhyayana ke liye dra0 - paM0 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka dvArA praNIta vyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama saMskaraNa) bhA0 2, pR0 342-368 tathA DA0 rAmasureza tripAThI dvArA likhita saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana, prathama adhyAya, pR0 1 33. 2. dra0 - nirukta 1.1 3. dra0 - vahI 1.3; na nirbaddhA upasargA arthAnnirAhuriti zAkaTAyanaH / nAmAkhyAtayostu karmopasaMyogadyotakA bhavanti / uccAvacA padArthA bhavantIti gArgya: / tathA 1.12; tatra nAmAnyAkhyAtajAnIti zAkaTAyano nairuktasamayazca / na sarvANIti gAyoM va yAkaraNAnAM caike / 4. dra0 - nirukta 1.1. indriyanityaM vacanam odumbarAyaNaH / 5. isa viSaya meM dra0 merA lekha : " yAska tathA bhartRhari kI dRSTi meM AcArya audumbarAyaNa kA zabdadarzana" kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya risarca jaranala, aktUbara 1972 / vAkyasya buddhau nityatvamarthayogaM ca laukikam / dRSTvA catuSTva nAstIti vArttAkSodumbarAyaNau // 7. sphoTasiddhi pR0 1 8. dra0 - saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana - DA0 rAmasureza tripAThI, pR0 136 6. nirukta 1.2, vyAptimattvAtta zabdasyANIyastvAcca zabdena saMjJAkaraNaM vyavahArArthaM loke / 10. dra0 R0 8.75.6; vAcA virUpanityayA / 11. dra0 a0 - 2.1.4; vAcamiva vaktari bhuvaneSThAH / 12. padamaMjarI - 6.1.123; sphoTo'yanaM pArAyaNaM yasya sa sphoTAyanaH sphoTapratipAdanaparo vaiyAkaraNacAryaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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gyAraha nahIM hai ki pAripani ke hRdayasparzI vyAkhyAtA kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali ne, (jinheM pANini ke samAna athavA unase bhI adhika prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai) pANinIya vyAkararaNa ke kSetra ko, zabdatattva sambandhI dArzanika cintanoM se AplAvita kara diyaa| para ina donoM se pUrva dAkSAyaNa vyADi ne, vyAkararaNa-darzana se sambaddha eka lAkha zlokoM ke vipula parimAraNa vAle, apane saMgraha nAmaka adbhuta evaM asAdhAraNa grantha meM, zabda, dhvani, varaNa, pada, vAkya, upasarga, nipAtAdi sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para vicAra kiyA thaa| saMbhava hai kAtyAyana, pataMjali tathA bhartRhari Adi dvArA pradarzita vyAkaraNa-darzana- sambandhI cintanoM, vivAdoM, matoM tathA nirNayoM kA pradhAna AdhAra yahI grantha rahA ho| isa sambhAvanA ke kucha saMketa pAtaMjala mahAbhASya' tathA vAkyapadIya' meM upalabdha haiM / kAtyAyana ( I0pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI) ne pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke aneka zabdoM tathA viSayoM kI, dArzanika pariveza meM gambhIra vivAdoM tathA yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para, atIva mArmika vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai tathA aneka nyAyoM, paribhASAoM tathA jJApakoM ko abhivyakti dI hai, jo vArtikoM ke rUpa meM pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM saMgRhIta haiN| yoM to kAtyAyana se pUrvavartI aneka grAcAryoM ke vacana tathA kucha zlokabaddha vArtikeM bhI mahAbhASya meM saMgRhIta haiM parantu unake viSaya meM bhI vizeSa kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai-- kahIM kahIM kinhIM nAmoM kA nirdeza avazya mila jAtA hai / 1. saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana ke antima pramANabhUta muni pataMjali ( I0pU0 dvitIya zatAbdI) ne kAtyAyana ke lagabhaga sabhI vArtikoM kA saMkalana karake unakI tathA unake prasaMga se, aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kI saMyuktika evaM loka-saMgata vyAkhyA kI hai aura apane pUrvavartI ina donoM muniyoM kI nyUnatA ko apanI iSTiyoM dvArA dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAtha hI aneka prAcIna prAcAryoM ke matoM tathA siddhAntoM kA saMkalana aura unakA prasaMgata: vistRta vivecana, vyAkaraNadarzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM, bar3I rocaka zailI meM kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se pAtaMjala mahAbhASya, vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM samprati upalabdha granthoM kI apekSA, eka anupama grantha haiM / bhartRhari ne isa grantha ke praNetA pataMjali ko tIrthadarzI guru tathA mahAbhASya ko vyAkaraNa sambandhI sabhI nyAya- bIjoM kA mUla mAnA haiM / 2. 4. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ina tInoM - pANini, kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali - muniyoM tathA inake samAkAlika zrAcAryoM ke bAda IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI meM vyAkaraNadarzana ke kSetra meM mahAn zabdayogI bhartRhari kA padArpaNa huA / vyAkararaNadarzana sambandhI lagabhaga sabhI praznoM, samasyAgroM tathA vivAdoM kA prakaraNa aura prasaMga Adi kI suvyavasthA ke sAtha, atIva gambhIra evaM mahattvapUrNa vivecana bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya nAmaka grantha meM, jisakA AkAra lagabhaga do hajAra kArikA samalaMkRta hai, upalabdha hai / kahanA nahIM hogA ki sarvaprathama isI dra0 - siddhAntakaumudI (ajanta pulliMga prakaraNa 1.1.28 ); yathottaraM munInAm prAmANyam / dra0 - mahA0 paspazAhnika pR0 46; saGgraha etat prAdhAnyena parIkSitam nityo vA syAt kAryo veti / tathA mahA0 2.3.66; zobhanA khalu dAkSAyaNasya saGgrahasya kRtiH; zobhanA khalu dAkSAyaNena saMgrahasya kRtiriti / dra0 - vApa0 2.478; sNgrhe'stmupaagte| tathA 2.481; ArSe viplAvite granthe sNgrhprtikNcuke| dra0- bApa 0 2.478; kRte'tha pataMjalinA guruNA taurthadarzinA / sarveSAM nyAyabIjAnAM mahAbhASye nibandhane // For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAraha grantha ne saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ko darzana kI udAtta bhUmikA meM pratiSThApita kiyA aura usake asAdhAraNa svarUpa evaM mahimA ko sarvathA anAvRta, evaM suspaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| __ vAkyapadIya ke prathama kANDa ko brahmakANDa athavA AgamakaNDa kahA jAtA hai| isameM zabdAdvaitavAdI vyAkaraNadarzana kI dRSTi se zabdabrahma ke svarUpa, vyAkaraNadarzana ke prayojana, sphoTa, prAkRta tathA vaikRta dhvani ityAdi vividha viSayoM para vistAra pUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa kANDa ko sampUrNa vAkyapadIya kI bhUmikA mAnA jA sakatA hai / dvitIya kANDa meM vAkya kI vividha paribhASAyeM prastuta karate hue, vAkya evaM vAkyArtha kI akhaNDatA ke pratipAdana ke sAtha-sAtha vAkya-sambandhI lagabhaga sabhI samasyAoM kA zAstrIya paddhati se gambhIra samIkSaNa milatA hai| isI kAraNa isa kANDa ko vAkyakANDa kahA jAtA hai| tatIya kANDa ko padakANDa athavA prakIrNakANDa kahA jAtA hai| isa kANDa meM 14 vividha samuddezoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ye samuddeza haijAti, dravya, sambandha, bhUyo dravya, guNa, dik, sAdhana, kriyA, kAla, puruSa, saMkhyA, upagraha liMga tathA vRtti / puNya rAja se patA lagatA hai ki vAkyapadIya ke isa kANDa meM lakSaNa nAmaka eka samuddeza bhI thA jo bAda meM lupta ho gyaa| vAkyapadIya kI svayaM bhartRhari ne hI eka vRtti likhI thI jise svopajJa vRtti kahA jAtA hai| Aja yaha vRtti sampUrNa prathama kANDa para tathA dvitIya kANDa ke kucha bhAga para prakAzita ho cukI hai| isake atirikta bhartRhari ke nAma se mahAbhASya dIpikA tathA zabdadhAtusamIkSA nAmaka granthoM kA bhI ullekha vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| vAkyapadIya ke TIkAkAroM meM vRSabhadeva puNyarAja tathA helArAja kA nAma gaurava ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| vRSabhadeva (550 I0) kI TIkA kA nAma vAkyapadIyapaddhati hai tathA samprati kevala prathama kANDa para hI upalabdha hai| puNyarAja (9 vIM zatAbdI) kI TIkA vAkyapadIya ke dvitIya kANDa para hI upalabdha hai| helArAja (10vIM zatAbdI) ne vAkyapadIya ke tInoM kANDoM para atyanta vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI thii| prathama tathA dvitIya kANDa se sambaddha TIkA kA nAma zabdaprabhA thaa| tRtIya kANDa kI TIkA kA nAma prakIrNaprakAza hai| samprati kevala tRtIya kANDa kI TIkA hI upalabdha hai| ina TIkAnoM ke atirikta kriyAviveka, vAtikonmeSa tathA advayasiddhi nAmaka granthoM kI racanA bhI helArAja ne kI thii| puNyarAja tathA helArAja donoM kAzmIrI vidvAn jAna par3ate haiM / samaya kI dRSTi se helArAja se pUrva kaiyyaTa (600 I0) kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki helArAja kaiyyaTa ke bAda ke haiN| helArAja ne kaiyyaTa kI vyAkhyA ke aneka sthaloM kA, jo pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kI kaiyyaTa-kRta pradIpa TIkA meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM, binA nAma liye khaNDana kiyA hai| bhartRhari-racita vAkyapadIya tathA mahAbhASyadIpikA, jise kaiyyaTa ne 'sAra' kahA hai', ke AdhAra para kaiyyaTa ne sampUrNa mahAbhASya para apanI 1. vApa0 puNyarAja-kRta TIkA 2.85; eteSAM svarUpaM lakSaNasamuddeze vinirdiSTam / .... 'lakSaNasamuddezazca padakANDamadhye na prsiddhH| dra0-mahA0 pradIpa TIkA ke prArambhika zlokabhASyAbdhi: kvAtigambhIraH kvAhaM mandamatistataH / chAtrANAmupahAsyatvaM yAsyAmi pizunAtmanAm / / tathApi haribaddhana sAreNa granthatusenA / kramamANaH zanaiH pAraM tasya prAptosmi paGaguvat / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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teraha pradIpa TIkA prastuta kii| isa pradIpa TIkA meM vAkyapadIya kI kArikAoM ke pracura uddharaNa tathA unakI vyAkhyAyeM upalabdha haiM / saMkSipta hone para bhI vyAkaraNa darzana ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa TIkA kA vizeSa mahattva hai| kaiyyaTa bhI kAzmIrI vidvAn haiM / kaiyyaTa ke kucha samaya bAda vyAkaraNa tathA sAhitya donoM zAstroM ke pArAvArINa zrIbhoja (675 I0) ne apane grantha zRgAraprakAza meM vyAkaraNadarzana-sambandhI vizAla sAmagrI ko saMkalita kiyaa| vAkyapadIya ke dvitIya kANDa kI lagabhaga do sau kArikAyeM, unakI bhartRhari-kRta svopajJa vRtti tathA mahAbhASyadIpikA ke paryApta uddhAharaNa isa grantha meM draSTavya haiN| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki bhartRhari ke pratibhAdarzana se ve sahamata nahIM haiM sAtha hI zabda-brahma tathA sphoTa ke sambandha meM bhI inakA pratipAdana bhartRhari se bhinna hai| 11vIM zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya aneka vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn hue| inameM puruSottamadeva, sAyaNAcArya, zeSa zrIkRSNa tathA bhaTToji dIkSita pramukha haiM / puruSotamadeva (12vIM zatAbdI) kA kAraka cakra, prasiddha vedabhASkAra sAyaNAcArya (14vI zatAbdI) ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA vyAkaraNadarzana-sambandhI aMza, zeSazrIkRSNa kA zabdAbharaNa, sphoTatattvanirUpaNa, bhaTToji dIkSita (1600 I0) kA zabdakaustubha, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakArikA, Adi meM vyAkaraNadarzana ke siddhAntoM kA vivaraNa tathA vivecana milatA hai| 17vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM bhI vividha vaiyAkaraNoM ne, jinameM aneka nyAyazAstra ke bhI marmajJa vidvAn the, apanI vyAkaraNa-darzana-sambandhI kRtiyoM se isa kSetra ko alaMkRta kiyaa| ina vidvAnoM meM kauNDabhaTTa, nAgezabhaTTa, jagadIza bhaTTAcArya, kRSNamitra, bharatamizra kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| koNDabhaTTa ne, bhaTToji dIkSita kI vyAkaraNadarzana-sambandhI kArikAoM ko AdhAra banA kara, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa nAmaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kI / isa grantha meM anya dArzanikoM ke dvArA, vyAkaraNa-darzana ke aneka siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM, kiye gaye AkSepoM kA sayuktika nirAkaraNa karake vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAntoM kA poSaNa, pratipAdana evaM samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA laghu rUpa bhI vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ke nAma se kauNDabhaTTa ne hI prastuta kiyaa| nAgezabhaTTa kI kRti Adi ke sambandha meM Age ke pRSThoM meM vicAra kiyA jAyagA / jagadIza bhaTTAcArya kI zabdazaktiprakAzikA, giridhara bhaTTAcArya kA vibhaktyarthanirNaya, gokulanAtha kA padavAkya ratnAkara, pUrNataH vyAkaraNa-darzana se sambaddha na hote hue bhI, isa darzana ke adhyayana evaM zabdoM ke vizleSaNa meM paryApta sahAyaka hai / isake atirikta bharatamizra kA sphoTavAda, kRSNamitra kA vAdasudhAkara, laghuvibhaktyarthanirNaya tathA vRttidIpikA, zrIkRSNabhaTTa kI sphoTacandrikA Adi anya grantha bhI isa kAla kI saMskRtavyAkaraNa-darzana ko viziSTa dena haiN| __ vyAkaraNa darzana ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAle tathA apanI viziSTa kRtiyoM-- granthoM evaM zodhapatroM Adi ke dvArA isa darzana-sambandhI manana, cintana evaM anusandhAna kI dizA ko pariSkRta, parimArjita evaM Alokita karane vAle Adhunika vidvAnoM meM zrI prabhAtacandra cakravartI, mahAmahopAdhyAya gopInAtha kavirAja, DaoN0 gaurInAtha zAstrI, pro0 ke0 esa0 ayyara, paM0 raghunAtha zarmA, DaoN. rAmasureza tripAThI Adi kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAgeza bhaTTa : jIvana-vRtta evaM kRtiyA~ bhaTToji dIkSita tathA kauNDa bhaTTa jaise, vyAkaraNadarzana ke adbhUta vyAkhyAtAoM evaM zAstra-marmajJoM kI paramparA meM hI, isa nikAya ke udbhaTa vidvAn tathA pAtaMjala mahAbhASya Adi ke adhyayana meM kRtabhUriparizrama' nAgeza bhaTTa kA prAdurbhAva huA / isa vidvAn ne saMskRta vAGmaya ke aneka mahattvapUrNa aMgoM, dizAoM tathA kSetroM ko aura vizeSarUpa se vyAkaraNa-darzana ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA, use apanI vividha gambhIra kRtiyoM se Alokita, alaMkata evaM samRddha kiyaa| inakI vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA (vaisima0) tathA usakA laghu rUpa vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA (vaisilama0) ye donoM hI graMtha vyAkaraNa-darzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM kI bahumUlya maMjUSAeM haiM, jinameM isa darzana kI sampUrNa ratna-rAzi apanI adbhuta garimA, asAdhAraNa vicchitti evaM anupama projasvitA ke sAtha surakSita hai / ina granthoM meM vyAkaraNa-darzana ke siddhAntoM kA-pAtaMjala mahAbhASya, bhRrtRharikRta vAkyapadIya tathA usakI svopajJa TIkA, puNyarAja aura helArAja kRta vAkyapadIya sambandhI TIkAoM tathA anya puSkala prAmANika sAmagriyoM ke AdhAra para samyaka vizleSaNa, vistRta vivecana aura parIkSaNa karate hue --vizvanIya vistRta vivaraNa to prastuta kiyA hI gayA sAtha hI anya dArzanika sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM ke dvArA vyAkaraNadarzana ke sambandha meM kie gae AkSepoM tathA praznoM kA yathocita uttara bhI diyA gayA hai| nAgeza bhaTTa dvArA racita mahAbhASyapradIpoddyota (pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kI kaiyyaTa-kRta pradIpa TIkA kI vyAkhyA), zabdenduzekhara (bRhat tathA laghu saMskaraNa) paribhASenduzekhara Adi bhI vyAkaraNa zAstra ke prAmANika graMtha mAne jAte haiN| samaya-nAgeza bhaTTa ke pramukha graMtha vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA ke (ujjaina meM saMgRhIta) hastalekha kA samaya 1708 I0 hai tathA mahAbhASyapradIpodyota ke (aiziyATika sosAiTI baMgAla ke pustakAlaya meM saMgRhIta) hastalekha kA samaya 1738 I0 hai| ina donoM graMthoM meM eka dUsare kA nirdeza milatA hai| isalie yaha sambhAvanA hai ki 1708 se pUrva ina donoM kI racanA ho cukI hogii| ye donoM hI graMtha nAgezabhaTTa kI praur3ha pratibhA se samudbhUta haiN| ataH yaha bhI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki isa samaya lekhaka kI Ayu kama se kama 30 varSa to hogI hii| isa AdhAra para inakA janmakAla I0 san 1670 athavA 1680 mAnA gayA hai| 1. dra0-laghuzabdenduzekhara kA prArambhika zloka; pAtaMjale mahAbhASye katabhariparizramaH / 2. pI0 ke0 goDe-sTaDIma ina iNDiyana liTarerI hisTarI, nA0 3, pR. 218-16 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pandraha zrI pI0vI0 kANe' ne nAgeza kI graMtha racanA kA kAla 1700-1750 I0 mAnA hai / mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI ne nAgeza kI mRtyu kA kAla 1775 I0 mAnA hai, jise pro0 pI0vI0 kANe ne isa tarka ke AdhAra para asvIkRta kara diyA hai ki nAgeza ke eka hastalekha kA samaya 1713 I0 hai / isalie 1775 taka nAgeza kA jIvita rahanA tabhI sambhava hai, yadi unakI Ayu 100 varSa kI mAnI jAya / ' www.kobatirth.org isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki nAgeza bhaTTa ne bhaTToja dIkSita ke pautra haridIkSita se mahAbhASya prAdi graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thA / bhaTToja dIkSita kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki inake eka ziSya nIlakaNTha zukla ne apanA eka grantha 1663 vi0 saM0 meM likhA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI draSTavya hai ki nAgeza ne kauNDa bhaTTa ke do eka mantavyoM kA laghumaMjUSA tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA meM binA nAma lie khaNDana kiyA hai / isake atirikta paramalamaMjUSA ke aneka sthaloM para kauNDa bhaTTa ke vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa tathA vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kA paryApta anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / paramalaghumaMjUSA ke antima do adhyAyoM meM to aisI sthiti hai ki paMkti kI paMkti akSarazaH vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI paMktiyoM se abhinna rUpa meM upalabdha haiM, jisakA vivaraNa yahIM Age ke pRSThoM meM diyA jA rahA hai| kauNDabhaTTa bhaTToji dIkSita ke bhAI raMgoji dIkSita ke putra haiM / isa kAraNa nAgeza bhaTTa ko 17vIM zatAbdI ke antima tathA 18vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke madhya meM mAnA jA sakatA hai / Status bhaTTa tathA nAgeza bhaTTa bhale hI eka zatAbdI ke samasAmayika kyoM na hoM, para yaha nizcita hai ki kauNDa bhaTTa nAgeza se pUrvavartI haiN| ina donoM ke hasta lekhoM kI tithiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai / " jIvana-vRtta - nAgeza bhaTTa mahArASTra ke Rgveda-zAkhAdhyAyI dezastha brahmaNa parivAra meM utpanna hue the | parantu inake jIvana kA adhikAMza samaya banArasa meM hI biitaa| inakA dUsarA nAma nAgoji bhaTTa bhI kahIM kahIM milatA hai / inake pitA kA nAma ziva bhaTTa tathA mAtA kA nAma satI devI thA / zabdenduzekhara ko putra tathA maMjUSA ko kanyA kahane se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki nAgeza bhaTTa santAnahIna the / prayAga ke samIpa kI riyAsata 2. 1. pI0 ke0 kANe - hisTarI Apha dharmazAlA, bhAga 1, pR0 453-56 / pI0 ke0 goDe - sTaDIja ina iNDiyana liTarerI hisTarI, bhAga 3, pR0 206-11 / 3. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 4. dra0 - vaisilama0 kI antima paMktiyA~ ; iti zrImadupAdhyAyopanAmaka - satIgarbhaja-ziva bhaTTasuta- nAgezakRta: " sphoTavAdaH / zabdenduzekhara tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA Adi granthoM meM bhI anta ke aMza meM inhIM vizeSaNoM kA prayoga milatA hai| dra0 - zabdenduzekhara kA samApti-zloka ; zabdenduzekharaM putra maMjUSAM caiva kanyakAm / svamatau samyag utpAdya zivayorapito mayA // For Private and Personal Use Only

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solaha zRMgaverapura ke rAjA zrIrAma se inheM Arthika sahAyatA evaM saMrakSaNa prApta hotA rahA / isa rAjA kI asAdhAraNa udAratA tathA vIratA kA ullekha nAgeza ne laghumaMjUSA ke antima zlokoM meM kiyA hai| apane jIvana ke antima dinoM meM nAgeza ne sanyAsa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki jayapura ke rAjA jayasiMha varmA ne 1714 I0 meM inheM apane azvamedha yajJa meM AmaMtrita kiyA thaa| parantu kSetra-sanyAsI hone ke kAraNa nAgeza ne vahA~ jAnA asvIkAra kara diyaa| vidyA-guru-nAgeza ne apane guru ke rUpa meM hari dIkSita ko aneka bAra yAda kiyA hai| unase nAgeza ne pAtaMjala mahAbhASya Adi aneka vaiyAkaraNa granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| haridIkSita ne bhI nAgeza bhaTTa ko apanA antevAsI batAyA hai| ye haridIkSita prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa bhaTTojidIkSita ke pautra, vIrezvara ke putra tathA rAmAzrama ke ziSya the| nAgeza ne nyAyadarzana kA viziSTa adhyayana rAma bhaTTa nAmaka vidvAn se kiyA thaa| ziSya-paramparA-vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDa nAgeza bhaTTa ke pramukha ziSyoM meM mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne mahAbhASyapradIpoddyota kI chAyA nAmaka vyAkhyA tathA vaisilama0 para kalA nAmaka 1. dra0-zloka saM0 2; yAcakAnAM kalpatarorarikakSahutAzanAt / zRGgaverapurAdhIzAd rAmato landhajIvikaH // tulanA karo:-rasagaMgAdharamarmaprakAzikA ke antima zloka; yAcakAnAM kalpatarorarikakSahutAzanAt / nAgezaH zRGgaverezarAmato lndhjiivikH|| 2. dra0-pI0vI0 kANe -hisTarI Apha dharmazAstra, bhA. 1, pR0 453-56 / dra0- silama ke antima zloka pR0 1573 ; adhItya phaNibhASyAndhiM sudhIndraharidIkSitAt / 1 (puurvaardh)| 4. dra0-pI0 vI0 kANe--hisTarI Apha dharmazAstra, bhA0 1, pAdaTippaNa saM0 114. / 5. zabdaratna ke prArambhika zloka ; guDhoktigrathitAM pitAmahakRtAM vida pramodapradAM / bhaktyAdhItya manoramAM nirupamAd rAmAzramAd sadguroH // tattvAjJAnavazAt pareNa kalitAn doSAn samunmUlayan / vyAcaSTe harireSa tAM phaNimatAnyAlocya va rezvariH // 6. dra0-vasilama, antima zloka, pR0 1573% nyAyatantra ca rAmarAmAd vAdirakSodhnarAmataH / dRDhastasya nAbhyAsa iti cintyaM na paNDitaH / haSado'pi hi santIH payodhI raamyogt:| For Private and Personal Use Only

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satraha TIkA likhii| vaidyanAtha ke putra bAlazarmA ko bhI nAgeza kA ziSya mAnA gayA hai / nIce ke cArTa meM nAgeza kI guru-ziSya-paramparA kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai : zeSa zrIkRSNa zeSa vIrezvara (putra) bhaTToji dIkSita (ziSya) bhAnuji dIkSita yA rAmAzrama (putra) paNDitarAja jagannAtha (ziSya) vIrezvara dIkSita (putra) haridIkSita (putra) nAgeza bhaTTa (ziSya) vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDa (ziSya) bAlakRSNa yA bAlambhaTTa (putra) gopAla (ziSya) kRtiyA~ AphesTa' ne nAgeza bhaTTa kI kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM nimna granthoM kA nAma liyA hai jinakI saMkhyA 47 hai :-- 1. alaMkArasudhAkuvalayAnanda 2. aSTAdhyAyIpATha 3. AcArenduzekhara 4. AzaucanirNaya 5. iSTikAlanirNaya 6. kAtyAyanItantra 7. kAvyapradIpoddyota 8. rasagaMgAdharaTIkA gurumarmaprakAzikA 6. caMDITIkA athavA devImAhAtmyaTIkA 10. caMDIstotraprayogavidhi 11. tarkabhASATIkA-yuktiyuktAvalI 12. tAtparyadIpikA 13. tiGantasaMgraha 14. tithInduzekhara 15. tIrthenduzekhara 16. tristhalIsetu 17. dhAtupAThavRtti 18. raNivAdArtha 16. padArthadIpikA 20. paribhASenduzekhara 21. pAtaMjalasUtravRtti 22. pAtaMjalasUtravRttibhASyacchAyAvyAkhyA 23. prabhAkaracandratattvadIpikATIkA 24. prayogasaraNi 25. prayazcittenduzekhara 26. prAyazcittenduzekharasArasaMgraha 27. mahAbhASyapradIpoyota 28. rasataraMgiNITIkA 1. du0-saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa, bhA0 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 362 / 2. dra0-hisTarI Apha dharmazAstra, bhA0 1, pAdaTippaNa saMkhyA 1140 / 3. dra0 - kaiTalogasa kaiTalogarama, bhA0 1, pR0 283-84 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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aThAraha 26, rasamaMjarIprakAza 30. rAmAyaNaTIkA 31. lakSaNaratnamAlikA 32. viSamapadI zabdakaustubhaTIkA 33. vedasUktabhASya 34. vaiyAkaraNakArikA 35 vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa (?) 36. vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA 37. vyAsasUtrenduzekhara 38. zabdaratna 36. zabdAnantasAgarasamuccaya 40. suptiGantasAgarasamuccaya 41. zabdenduzekhara 42. saMskAra ratnamAlA 43. laghusAMkhyasUtravRtti 44. sApiMDyamaMjarI 45. sApiMDyadIpikA 46. sphoTavAda 47. nAgojIbhaTTIya isI sUcI meM dharmazAstra, kAvyazAstra, nyAya, yoga, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, mImAMsA, stotra ityAdi aneka viSayoM ke grantha haiN| nAgeza bhaTTa kI ladhumaMjUSA tathA paramala ghumaMjUSA, jo vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA ke hI saMkSipta tathA saMkSiptatara rUpa mAne jAte haiM, kA parigaNana isa sUcI meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| saMbhavataH vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA tathA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaladhumaMjUSA ina donoM ko eka mAna liyA gayA hai| caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja se aneka khaNDoM meM laghumaMjUSA prakAzita huI thii| usameM prAyaH isa pustaka ko vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA hI kahA gayA hai| parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ye tInoM grantha svarUpataH paryApta bhinna haiN| ina tInoM grantha-maMjUSAoM ke pArasparika tulanA evaM samIkSA kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai|| kRtiyoM kA kAlakrama-zrI pI0 ke goDe ne nAgeza bhaTTa kI vibhinna kRtiyoM ke upalabdha hastalekhoM meM dI gayI tithiyoM ke AdhAra para, ina kRtiyoM ke kAla-viSayaka lagabhaga antima sImA kA nirdhAraNa nimna rUpa meM kiyA hai :(ka) vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA tathA mahAbhASyapradIpodyota-1700-1708 I0 / (kha) bhAnudattakRta rasamaMjarI kI nAgezabhaTTa-kRta TIkA rasamaMjarIprakAza-- 1712 I0 se puurv| (ga) rasagaMgAdhara kI TIkA-1700 I0 pazcAt / (gha) kAvyapradIpodyota--1700 I0 ke Asa pAsa / (Ga) AzaucanirNaya-1722 I0 se pUrvaM / (ca) ladhumaMjUSA-- yaha grantha vaiyAkaraNasiddhAMtamaMjUSA tathA bRhacchabdenduzekhara ke bAda kI racanA hai| isakA samaya lagabhaga 1700-1708 hai / (cha) laghuzabdenduzekhara-yaha grantha bRhacchabdenduzekhara ke bAda likhA gyaa| isameM nAgeza kRta mahAbhASyapradIpoddyotaTIkA (1700-1708) kA nirdeza milatA hai| ataH laghuzabdenduzekhara ko 1700 I0 ke bAda kA mAnanA hogaa| 1. dra0-sTaDIja ina iNDiyana liTarerI hisTarI, bhA0 3, pR0 218-19 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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unnIsa (ja) paribhASenduzekhara-yaha grantha vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA, mahAbhASyapradIpodyota tathA bRhacchabdenduzekhara ke bAda kI racanA hai kyoMki ina tInoM granthoM kA nirdeza paribhASenduzekhara meM milatA hai| (jha) laghuzabdenduzekhara -1721 I0 se pUrva / (a) kAvyapradIpodyota- 1700 ke bAda tathA 1754 se pUrva / yaha sImAnirdhAraNa, hastalekhoM kI tithiyoM para grAzrita hone ke kAraNa, bahuta kucha AnumAnika hI hai| paramalaghumaMjUSA-vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA ke samaya ke viSaya meM yahA~ kucha nahIM kahA gyaa| sambhavata: yaha nAgeza kI sabase bAda kI racanA hai-~-yadyapi nAgeza kI kRti ke rUpa meM yaha atyanta sandigdha pratIta hotI hai| isa sandeha ke do pramukha kAraNa haiN| prathama yaha ki, pUrvArdha ke adhyAyoM meM ladhumaMjUSA ke aneka siddhAntoM se bahuta kucha sAmya hone para bhI, laghumaMjUSA ke aneka siddhAMtoM ke ThIka viparIta siddhAntoM kA paramaladhumaMjUSA meM yatra tatra ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| dvitIya kAraNa yaha hai ki paramalaghumaMjUSA ke uttarArdha meM aneka sthaloM para kauNDa bhaTaTa ke vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra se paMkti kI paMkti akSarazaH uddhRta kara dI gayI hai, jisakI prAzA nAgeza bhaTaTa jaise asAdhAraNa vidvAn se nahIM kI jA sakatI / aise sthaloM kA vivaraNa Age ke pRSThoM meM diyA jA rahA hai| nAgeza bhaTTa-kRta tIna maMjUSA grantha - sAmAnya dhAraNA tathA hastalekhoM ke antima vAkyoM ke anusAra nAgeza bhaTaTa ne tIna maMjUSA nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kii| prathamavaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA, dvitIya- vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntala ghumaMjUSA tathA tRtIya vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA / ye tInoM grantha kramazaH maMjUSA, laghumaMjUSA tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| isa sambandha meM ina tInoM granthoM ke prArambhika tathA antima vAkya nimna rUpa meM milate haiN| vaisima0 (prArambha)-nAgezabhaTTa viduSA natvA sAmbaM sadAzivam / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSeyaM viracyate / / (sarasvatIbhavana pustakAlaya hastalekha saM0 39827 patra saM0 1 ka) anta -vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSeyaM kRtA mayA / tayA zrI bhagavAn sAmbaH zivo me prIyatAmiti / / (vahI, patra saM0 142 ka) vaisilama0 (prArambha)-nAgezabhaTviduSA natvA sAmbazivaM laghuH / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSeyaM viracyate // (caukhambA saMskaraNa 1627 pR0 1) isa grantha ke anta meM vaiyAkaraNasisiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA ke sthAna para sambhavataH mrAntivaza vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA kA nAma ullikhita hai| isa bhrAnti ke viSaya meM Age vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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bIsa vaisipalama0 (prArambha)---zivaM natvA hi nAgezenAnindyA paramA laghuH / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA viracyate / / anta "iti zivabhaTTasuta-satIdevIgarbhaja-nAgeza bhaTTakRtA paramaladhumaMjUSA samAptA" / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntala ghumaMjUSA ko vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA mAnane ko bhrAnti-- vaisilama0 ke hastalekha' (saM0 36384 tathA 36227) kI puSpikA meM isa grantha ko vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA kahA gayA hai- "iti zrImadupAdhyAyopanAmaka-satI-garbhajazivabhaTaTa-sUta-nAgeza-kRto vaiyAkaraNasiddhAMtamaMjUSAkhyaH sphoTavAdaH" | lagabhaga isI prakAra kA kathana vasima0 ke hastalekha (saM0 36827) kI puSpikA meM bhI milatA hai - "iti zrImadupAdhyAyopanAmaka-zivabhaTTa-suta-nAgeza bhaTTa-kRto vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaJjUSAkhyaH sphoTavAdaH samAptaH" / kAzI saMskRta mudrAlaya se bAbU vArANasI prasAda dvArA saMvat 1643 meM, hastalikhita zailI meM prakAzita, vaisilama0 ke prArambha tathA anta meM usakA nAma laghumaMjUSA milatA hai / parantu isa saMskaraNa kI puSpikA meM ise bhI vaiyAkaraNAsiddhAntamaJjUSA kahA gayA hai.---"iti zrIvaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaJjUSAkhyaH sphoTavAdaH samAptaH" / isI prakAra, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja se 1825-27 I0 meM prakAzita laghumaMjUSA ke anta meM bhI uparyukta vAkya kucha vikRta rUpa meM milatA hai-"iti zrIvaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamamaMjUSAkhye sphoTavAda: samAptaH" / spaSTa hai ki ina sabhI ullekhoM meM vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA ko hI vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA kahA gayA hai| parantu yaha ullekha pramAda athavA bhrAnti ke kAraNa hI huA hai kyoMki vaisima0 tathA vaisilama0 donoM sarvathA bhinna bhinna grantha haiM / ina donoM ko kathamapi abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| sambhavataH ina bhrAnta ullekhoM ke AdhAra para hI Aja ke kucha mAnya vidvAnoM ko bhI isa viSaya meM bhrAnti ho gyii| zrI paM0 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne kuJjikA tathA kalA nAmaka TIkAnoM ko vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA se sambandha' mAnA hai, jabaki ye donoM TIkAyeM vaisilama para likhI gayI haiN| 1. ye donoM hastalekha vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke sarasvatIbhavana ke haiN| 2. 10-isa saMskaraNa kA antima patra; vArANasIprasAdasya niyogena prayatnataH / kAzIsaMskRtamudrAyAmaGikato'yaM zilAkSaraiH / / 3. dra0-saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa, bhA02, prathama saMskaraNa, pa0 366 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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ikkIsa isI taraha DaoN0 rAmasureza tripAThI ne nAgezabhaTTa-kRta kevala do maMjUSA granthoM kA ullekha kiyaa| ve haiM vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntamaMjUSA tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA / vaisilama0 kA unhoMne ullekha hI nahIM kiyA / sambhavataH ve vaisima0 tathA vaisilama0 ko eka mAnanA cAhate hai / DA0 tripAThI ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki 'maMjUSA kI kalA TIkA ke pR0 530, 535 para gurumaMjUSA kA bhI ullekha hai"| isa lekha se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki DA0 tripAThI ke vicAra meM gurumaMjUSA vaisima0 se koI bhinna grantha hai| parantu vastusthiti yaha hai ki vaisima0 ko hI gurumaMjUSA kahA gayA hai tathA kalA TIkA vaisilama0 se sambaddha hai| vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA kA dUsarA nAma sphoTavAda-vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA tathA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaladhumaMjUSA kI puSpikAoM meM "vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSAkhyaH sphoTavAdaH" yaha kathana milatA hai jisakA nirdeza Upara ho cukA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nAgeza ne isa vizAla grantha ko vaiyAkaraNoM ke maulika siddhAnta sphoTavAda ke vistRta vivaraNa evaM pratipAdana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA thaa| yaha sphoTavAda nAma kevala vaisima0 ke liye upayukta hai vaisilama0 ke liye nahIM, yaha ina donoM granthoM kI viSayAnukramaNI athavA viSaya-nirdeza se spaSTa hai / sampUrNa vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA, apane dUsare nAma sphoTavAda kI dRSTi se, tIna pramukha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama bhAga ko 'varNasphoTa-nirUpaNam' nAma diyA gayA hai| isa bhAga meM zakti, dhAtvartha, nipAtArtha, tirtha, sanAdyartha, kRdartha, subartha, samAsazakti, kyajAdyartha tathA taddhitArtha ina viSayoM ke vivecana ko sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA anta meM "iti varNasphoTa-nirUpaNam" kaha kara isa prathama prakaraNa ko samApta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM sakhaNDapadavAkyasphoTa tathA akhaNDapadavAkyasphoTa ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya bhAga meM jAtisphoTa kA, jo vyAkaraNa darzana kA antima evaM niSkRSTa siddhAnta hai, pratipAdana karake grantha kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prArambha se anta taka sampUrNa grantha meM sphoTa kA hI kathana hone se sphoTavAda nAma yathArtha hI hai| vaisilama0 tathA palama0 ke viSaya-pratipAdana kA krama lagabhaga samAna hotA huA bhI aisA nahIM hai| isaliye vaisilama0 ke liye sphoTavAda nAma bhrama athavA pramAdavaza hI mAnanA caahiye| ataH yaha mAnanA ucita hI hai ki nAgeza kI dRSTi meM sphoTavAda kA hI dUsarA nAma vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA hai| yoM to laghumaMjUSA meM bhI pUrA grantha sphoTa kA hI vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai parantu vahA~ kevala grantha ke prArambha meM sphoTa kI thor3I sI carcA hai tathA zaktinirUpaNa ke pazcAt mphoTa kA pratipAdana evaM vivecana eka pUre prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| para sAre grantha ko, vaisima0 ke samAna, sAkSAt sphoTa se sambaddha nahIM kiyA gayA hai athavA yoM kahA jAya ki ina donoM granthoM kA sphoTa kI dRSTi se granthakAra ne vibhAjana nahIM kiyA hai / isaliye yathArthatA tathA nAgeza ke apane kathana kI dRSTi se vaisima0 ko hI sphoTavAda kA nAmAntara mAnanA ucita hai| 1. dra0-saMskRtavyAkaraNadarzana, prathama adhyAya, pR0 32 / 2. dra0-vaisilama0 kI samApti kA zloka; va yAkaraNanAgeza: sphoTAyanaRSermatam / pariSkatyoktavAMstasmai prIyatAbhaparamezvaraH / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAIsa yahAM yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki sphoTavAda nAma kA eka anya grantha bhI mAgeza ke nAma se prasiddha hai jisameM anya bhAratIya darzanoM ke prasaMga meM vaiyAkaraNoM ke sphoTasiddhAnta kA gambhIra parIkSaNa evaM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa pustikA meM kevala sphoTa siddhAnta ke viSaya meM hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki vaisima ke vyApaka pariveza evaM vipula kalevara meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke prAya: sabhI viSayoM kA, sphoTavAda ke pratipAdana kI dRSTi se, vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tInoM maMjUSA granthoM kA pratipAdya- ina tInoM granthoM kA pratipAdya athavA vivecya viSaya tathA usakA krama lagabhaga samAna hI hai para jo thor3A bahuta bheda hai vaha isa prakAra hai| tInoM meM hI prathama prakaraNa 'zabdazakti' ke nirUpaNa athavA nirNaya se sambaddha hai parantu prakaraNa ke prArambha meM sphoTa kI carcA kI gayI hai| vaisima0 meM sphoTa se sambaddha isa prArambhika aMza ko 'varNasphoTasAmAnyanirUparaNa' nAma diyA gayA hai| 'varNasphoTa' kA yaha sAmAnya nirUpaNa lama0 tathA palama0 ke prArambhika sphoTanirUpaNa kI apekSA paryApta vistRta evaM kucha bhinna rUpa meM hai| __ isake pazcAt tInoM meM hI zakti (abhidhA), lakSaNA tathA vyaMjanA vRttiyoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / lama0 tathA palama0 meM 'vyaMjanAnirUpaNa' ke pazcAt punaH sphoTa kI akhaNDatA Adi ke viSaya meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nAma ke anurUpa lama0 meM yaha yaha prasaMga paryApta vistRta hai tathA palama0 meM lama0 kI apekSA saMkSipta / yadyapi palama0 ke isa prasaMga meM kucha aisI bAteM bhI haiM jo lama0 meM nahIM haiN| zaktinirUpaNa ke pazcAt lama0 tathA palama0 meM AkAMkSA, yogyatA, Asatti tathA tAtparya ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ye prakaraNa vaisima meM nahIM haiN| tIsare prakaraNa ke rUpa meM vaisima0 meM 'dhAtvarthanipAtArthanirNaya:' kA nirdeza milatA hai| lama0 tathA palama0 meM ina donoM prakaraNoM kA alaga alaga nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| lama0 ke bhI kisI kisI hastalekha meM ina donoM prakaraNoM kA eka sAtha nirdeza hai| cauthe prakaraNa kA nAma vaisima0 tathA lama0 meM tiGarthanirUpaNa' hai tathA palAma0 meM 'dazalakArAdezArthAH' / yaha bhI draSTavya hai ki palama0 meM isa prakaraNa ke do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga meM vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra dazalakArAdezArtha tathA dUsare bhAga meM naiyAyikoM ke anusAra lakArArtha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| palama0 kA yaha prathama bhAga vabhUsA ke 'lakAravizeSArthanirNaya' nAmaka prakaraNa kA saMkSepa pratIta hotA hai| palama0 ke isa prakaraNa ke dUsare bhAga meM naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA vivecana vaisima0 tathA lama0 meM isI rUpa meM nahIM miltaa| palama ke saMkSipta pAyAma ko dekhate hue yaha aMza anAvazyaka sA lagatA hai / pA~caveM prakaraNa 'kRdartha-nirUpaNa' meM vaisima0 tathA lama0 meM 'kRt' pratyayoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| palama0 meM yaha prakaraNa nahIM hai / chaThe prakaraNa meM vaisima0 tathA lama0 meM 'nAma' athavA 'prAtipAdika' zabdoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vaisima0 meM ise 'nAmArthanirUpaNa' tathA lama0 meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra teIsa 'prAtipadikArthanirUpaNa' nAma diyA gayA hai / palama0 meM 'dazalakArAdezArthA: prakaraNa ke pazcAt kArakoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / usake bAda nAmArtha kA prakaraNa milatA hai / palama0 kA nAmArthavicAra pUrA kA pUrA vaibhUsA0 ke 'nAmArthaH ' kA lagabhaga akSarazaH saMkSepa pratIta hotA hai / sAtaveM prakaraNa meM vaisima0 tathA lama0 donoM meM kArakoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra hai tathA isa prakaraNa ko 'subarthanirNaya' nAma diyA gayA hai| palama0 meM pahale kArakoM ke viSaya meM vicAra karake phira 'nAmArtha' prakaraNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AThaveM prakaraNa meM vaisima0 meM samAsazakti, kyajAdyartha tathA taddhitArtha kA nirUpaNa milatA hai / vaisima0 kA prathama bhAga, jise 'varNasphoTasAmAnyanirUpaNa' nAma diyA gayA hai, yahA~ samApta hotA hai / lama0 meM isa prakaraNa kA nAma 'vRttivicAra' hai tathA isameM ekArthIbhAva, sAmAnya samAsa, avyayIbhAva tatpuruSa, bahuvrIhi, dvandva, ekazeSa, kyajAdyanta, taddhita, vIpsA - vRtti ke ina sabhI bhedo -- ke viSaya meM vicAra karate hue lama0 ke grantha ko samApta kara diyA gayA hai / palama0 meM isa prakaraNa kA nAma 'samAsAdivRttyartha' hai tathA usameM ekArthIbhAva aura vyapekSA, vRtti ke kevala ina do bhedoM, ke viSaya meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / para yaha sArA vicAra vaibhUsA0 ke 'samAsazakti nirNaya' kA hI prAyaH pratilipi mAtra hai / krama saMkhyA vaisima 0 1. 0 sima meM isake bAda tIna prakaraNoM meM kramazaH sakhaNDapadavAkyasphoTa, akhaNDapadavAkyasphoTa tathA jAtisphoTa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura taba 'iti jAtisphoTanirNaya:' isa kathana ke sAtha vaisima0 kA parisamApana huA hai / lama0 tathA palama0 meM ye prakaraNa nahIM hai, yoM ina meM pratipAdita viSaya lama0 tathA palama0 meM anyatra alaga alaga saMkSipta rUpoM meM prApta ho jAte haiM / ina tInoM granthoM meM vicArita viSayoM kI prakaraNa tAlikA isa prakAra hai :-- 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. www.kobatirth.org varNasphoTasAmAnya nirUpaNam zaktinirUpaNam lakSaNAnirUpaNam vyaJjanAnirUpaNam X X X X dhAtvarthanipAtArthanirNayaH tiGarthanirUpaNam vaisilama 0 X X vAcyavAcakazaktInAM nirNaya: lakSaNAnirUpaNam vyaJjanAnirUpaNam Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sphoTanirUpaNam AkAMkSA-yogyatA Asatti- tAtparya vicAra: ghAtvarthanirUpaNam nipAtArthanirUpaNam tiGarthanirUpaNam For Private and Personal Use Only vaisipalama 0 X X zaktinirUpaNam lakSaraNA nirUpaNam vyaJjanAnirUpaNam sphoTa nirUpaNam AkAMkSA-yogyatA prAsatti-tAtparya vicAra: dhAtvarthanirNayaH nipAtArthanirNayaH dazalakArAdezArthA:

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caubIsa sanAdyarthanirUpaNam kudarthanirUpaNam nAmArthanirUpaNam subarthaniNaryaH 13. (ka) samAsazakti nirUpaNam (kha) kyajAdyarthanirUpaNam (ga) taddhitArthanirUpaNam (vasima0 ke ina prakaraNoM meM 'varNasphoTa' kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA sanAdyarthanirUpaNam xx kRdArthanirUpaNam prAtipadikArthanirNayaH nAmArthaH subarthanirNayaH kArakanirUpaNam vattivicAra: samAsadivRttyarthaH (isa prakaraNa meM ekArthIbhAva, (isa prakaraNa meM vaiyAsAmAnya samAsa, karaNoM kI dRSTi se avyayIbhAva, tatpu- 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya kA ruSa, brahuvrIhi, dvandva, pratipAdana tathA nayAekazeSa, kyajAdyanta, yikoM ke vyapekSA' taddhita, vIpsA ina sAmarthya kA khaNDana vRtti-bhedoM ke viSaya vaibhUsA ke anukaraNa meM vicAra kiyA para kiyA gayA hai) gayA hai) vaisilama0 meM ye palama0 meM 'zaktinirUpaNa' tInoM prakaraNa 'zakti prakaraNa ke prArambha meM nirNaya' ke prasaMga meM tathA 'sphoTanirUpaNa' tathA sphoTa nirUpaNa prakaraNa meM ina tInoM kA ke prakaraNa meM prA gaye ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 15. sakhaNDapadavAkyasphoTanirUpaNam akhaNDapadavAkyasphoTanirUpaNam jAtisphoTanirNayaH palama0 tathA lama0 kA tulanAtmaka vivecana evaM palama0 kI vizeSatA-aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki laghumaMjUSA meM vistRta rUpa se vivecita evaM carcita viSayoM ko paramalaghumaMjUSA meM saMkSipta rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / parantu donoM ke adhyayana se patA lagatA hai ki palama0 kA adhAra sarvAMza meM lama0 na ho kara kucha hI aMzoM athavA prakaraNoM taka hai| 'zaktinirUpaNa' se lekara 'nipAtArthanirNaya' taka hI palama0 kA AdhAra lama0 ko mAnA jA sakatA hai yadyapi ina adhyAyoM meM bhI kahIM kahIM kucha paraspara virodhI bAteM donoM granthoM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM jinakA ullekha Age kiyA jAyagA / ___ jahA~ taka donoM granthoM ke prakaraNa-nAmoM kA sambandha hai unakI sthiti isa rUpa palama0 zaktinirUpaNam lakSaNAnirUpaNam vyaMjanAnirUpaNam sphoTanirUpaNam AkAMkSAdivicAraH lama' vAcyavAcakazaktInAM nirNayaH (koI nirdeza nahIM) (koI nirdeza nahIM) (koI nirdeza nahIM) AkAMkSAdivicAra: prakaraNa-nAmoM kI nimna sthiti lama ke hastalekhoM ke una-una prakaraNoM ke anta ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para dI jA rahI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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paccIsa dhAtvarthanirNayaH, nipAtArthanirNayaH dazalakArAdezArthAH, lakArArthanirNayaH tiGarthanirUpaNam prAtipadikArthanirNaya: kArakanirUpaNam nAmArthaH samAsAdivRttyarthaH subartha nirNayaH vRttivicAraH lama0 ke do prakaraNa 'sanAdyarthavicAra' tathA 'kRdarthavicAra' palama0 meM sarvathA hI nahIM hai| ina prakaraNa-nAmoM kA spaSTa nirdhAraNa na to lama0 ke hastalekhoM meM milA hai na palama0 ke / kucha prakaraNa-nAmoM kA nirdeza Adi meM milatA hai to kucha kA anta meM / ina donoM granthoM ke adhyayana se aneka prakAra ke virodha tathA viSamatAyeM evaM pAThabheda sAmane Ate haiM parantu nimna viSamatAyeM paryApta spaSTa haiM ghAtvartha nipAtArthanirNayaH Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 0 palama ke prathama prakaraNa 'zaktinirUpaNa' ke prArambha meM sphoTa ke ATha bhedoM kA ullekha karake vAkyasphoTa kI pramukhatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai -- " tatra varNapadavAkyabhedena aSTau sphoTAH tatra vAkyasphoTo mukhyaH" / lama0 meM ina ATha sphoToM kA ullekha kiye binA hI vAkyasphoTa kI pramukhatA ke pratipAdana ke sAtha grantha kA Arambha huA hai| palama0 ke 'lakSaNAnirUpaNa' ke prArambha meM bar3e bistAra se tArkikoM ke mata ke rUpa meM lakSaraNA ke svarUpa, bheda, nimitta Adi ke viSaya meM vicAra prastuta karake anta meM "sarve sarvArthavAcakA:" isa siddhAnta ke prAdhAra para lakSaNA vRti kA khaNDana kara diyA gayA hai, jabaki lama0 ke isa prakaraNa kA prArambha hI lakSaNA vRtti ke sAtha huA hai / yahA~ lakSaNA vRtti kA khaNDana pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM hI hai / uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM lakSaNA vRtti ke maNDana kA prayAsa bhI yahA~ kiyA gayA hai / dra0- " nanu sarveSAM sarvArthavAcakatve lakSaNoccheda iti cenna yoginAM sarvArthavAcakatvajJAne satyapyasmadAdInAM tadabhAvAt / " 'grAmo dagdhaH ' jaise prayogoM meM palama meM jahadajahallakSaNA vRtti mAnI gayI hai jabaki lama0 meM, isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM lakSaNA vRtti kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 'dvirepha' pada meM bhI palama0 ke granthakAra ne 'lakSitalakSaNA' mAnI hai jabaki lama0 meM isakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / palama0 ke 'sphoTanirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM vRtti ke zrAzrayabhUta zabda ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se tIna vikalpoM kA ullekha karake unakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai jabaki lama0 ke isa prasaMga meM kevala do hI matoM kA ullekha hai, tIsare vikalpa "pUrvapUrva zAbdabodhaH " kA ullekha lama0 meM nahIM milatA / palama0 ke yahA~ ke upakrama vAkya 'ko'sau vRttyAzrayaH zabdaH ?" ke 'vRttyAzrayaH' pATha ke sthAna para lama0 meM 'zaktyAzrayaH' pATha milatA hai / palama0 meM cAra prakAra kI vANI - parA, pazyantI, madhyamA tathA vaikharI - kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai vaha sArA prasaMga lama0 meM anupalabdha hai / 'prAkAMkSAdivicAra' ke prakaraNa meM palama0 meM 'tAtparya' kA jo svarUpa diyA gayA hai vaha lama0 meM nahIM hai / usake bAda palama0 meM 'prakaraNa' Adi ko tAtparya kA niyAmaka mAnate hue bhI yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kevala 'zakti' ko mAnane se kAma nahIM cala For Private and Personal Use Only

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chabbIsa sakatA--'tAtparya' ko mAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai| lama0 kI sthiti isa viSaya meM sarvathA bhinna hai / vahA~ 'tAtparya' ko zAbdabodha meM hetu mAnA hI nahIM gayA / dra0-"tanna zukAdi - tasya bodhe hetutvAsambhavAt" / yahA~ prAzcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki "prAsmAcchabdAdarthadvaya saMgacchate" palama0 kI ina paMktiyoM se sarvathA milatI julatI paMktiyA~ hI lama0 meM bhI haiM para unameM vahA~ 'tAtparyA' vRtti kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / lama0 ke isa prasaMga meM yaha spaSTa likhA hai- "sarvajanAnubhavavirodhAnna tasya hetutvam" (pR0 525) / palama0 ke isa aMza meM saMbhavata: jAnabUjha kara yaha vAkya chor3a diyA gayA hai / 'dhAtvartha-nirNaya' ke prakaraNa meM palama0 meM 'vyApAratva' kI pariSkRta paribhASA dI gayI hai jo lama0 sarvathA anupalabdha hai| palama0 kA yaha sArA prakaraNa lama0 ke prakaraNa kI apekSA adhika susaMgata evaM pariSkRta pratIta hotA hai bhale hI vaha anya dRSTiyoM se saMkSipta kyoM na ho| aneka sthaloM meM lama0 kA pATha kucha asambaddha dikhAyI detA hai jabaki palama0 kA pATha apekSAkRta adhika susaMgata hai| lama0 ke isa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM hI mImAMsakoM kA nAma liye binA hI unake mata 'phalaM dhAtvarthaH' kA khaNDana prArambha kara diyA gayA hai / palama0 meM yaha khaNDana bAda meM milatA hai tathA vahA~ mImAMsakoM kA spaSTataH nAma nirdeza karake unakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| dra0-"yattu mImAMsakAH phalaM dhAtvartho vyApAraH pratyayArtha iti vadanti tanna" / 'nipAtArtha-nirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM palama0 meM 'na' nipAta ke artha ke viSaya meM jo vicAra milatA hai vaha lama0 ke vicAra kI apekSA adhika suvyavasthita hai| palama0 meM yahA~ prasajya pratiSedha tathA paryudAsa pratiSedha kI dRSTi se do prakAra ke 'na' kA nirdeza karate hue pahale 'paryudAsa naJ' ke artha kA vivecana kiyA gayA aura phira 'prasajya naJ' ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA / lama0 meM aisI spaSTa sthiti nahIM dikhAyI detI--yahAM paryudAsa tathA prasajya kA nAma hI nahIM liyA gyaa| prArambha meM hI 'ghaTo nAsti' isa udAharaNa ke sAtha prasajya pratiSedha kI bAta kahI gayI tathA isa dRSTi se 'naJ' nipAta kI vAcakatA svIkAra kI gyii| yahIM 'nAnuyAjeSu' isa paryudAsa ke prayoga ko prastuta karake usakI dRSTi se 'na' ko artha kA dyotaka mAnA gyaa| phira kucha Age cala kara "asamaste tu abhAvo naarthaH' (pR0652) ityAdi prasajya ke udAharaNoM para vicAra kiyA gyaa| isI prakAra 'eva' nipAta ke artha-vicAra ke prasaMga meM palama0 meM tIna prakAra ke avadhAraNa (niyama) kI bAta, bar3e spaSTa tathA sugama rUpa meM, samajhAyI gayI hai para lama0 (pR0 706-708) meM avadhAraNa kI vividhatA spaSTa rUpa meM kahIM bhI nahIM prakaTa kI gyii| isa prakaraNa ke kucha udAharaNa, yathA- 'zaH pANDura eva' tathA 'nIlaM saroja bhavatyeva, avazya donoM meM hI milate haiM parantu donoM granthoM kA pratipAdana sarvathA bhinna rUpoM meM huA hai| palama0 kA "sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam ...... vRddhoktaM saGgacchate" Adi aMza lama0 meM nahIM milate / 1. dra0--lama0 pU0 583. ataeva 'sthAlIsthe yatne kathyamAne' iti "kArake" iti sUtre bhASye prayuktam / tulanA karo-palama0 pR0 158, ataeva sthAlIsthe yatne pacinA kathyamAne 'sthAlI pacati' iti 'kArake' iti sUtre bhASya ukttam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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sattAIsa lama0 ke 'tirthanirUpaNa' meM jina bAtoM para vicAra kiyA gayA unameM se kucha palama0 ke 'dhAtvartha-nirUpaNa' meM, kucha 'dazalakArAdezArtha' ke prakaraNa meM tathA kucha 'lakArArthanirNaya' ke prakaraNa meM prastuta kI gayI haiM / palama0 ke eka saMskaraNa meM 'dazalakArAdezArtha' tathA 'lakArArthanirUpaNa' ina donoM prakaraNoM ko eka nAma dekara eka sAtha sanniviSTa kara diyA gayA hai / parantu hastalekhoM meM tathA anya saMskaraNoM meM donoM ko alaga alaga do prakaraNa mAnA gayA hai| vastuta: ina donoM prakaraNoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM do dRSTikoNa haiM -bhaToji dIkSita Adi vaiyAkaraNa, 'lakAroM' ko artha kA vAcaka na mAna kara una ke adezabhUta, 'tip' Adi ko artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiN| ina kI dRSTi se 'dazalakArAdezArtha' prakaraNa ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / isake viparIta naiyAyika 'lakAroM' ko hI artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiN| isaliye unakI dRSTi se 'lakArArthanirUparaNa' nAmaka prakaraNa kI avatAraNA kI gayI / lama0 meM ina donoM prakaraNoM kA nAma nahIM miltaa| 'lakAroM ke AdezabhUta 'tiG' ko vAcaka mAnate hue, kevala unhIM ke arthoM para vicAra karane kI dRSTi se, ' tirtha-nirUpaNa' nAmaka prakaraNa hI vahA~ dikhAyI detA hai| parantu palama0 ke atisaMkSipta AyAma ko dekhate hue naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se 'lakArArtha-nirUpaNa' kA pUrA prakaraNa sarvathA anAvazyaka pratIta hotA hai| lama0 meM ' tirthanirUpaNa' ke pazcAt 'sanAdyarthanirUpaNa' tathA 'kRdarthanirUpaNa' nAmaka do aise prakaraNa haiM jo palama0 meM nahIM milte| isake bAda lama0 meM 'prAtipadikArthanirNaya' tathA 'subarthanirNaya' kA prakaraNa hai| palama0 meM 'lakArArthanirUpaNa' ke pazcAt 'kArakArthanirUpaNa' kA prakaraNa hai, jise lama0 meM 'subarthanirNaya' ke nAma se prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura usake bAda 'nAmArtha-nirUpaNa' kA prakaraNa hai jise lama0 meM 'prAtipAdikArtha-nirNaya' ke nAma se, 'subarthanirNaya' nAmaka prakaraNa se pahale hI, rakhA gayA hai| lama0 ke 'subarthanirNaya' meM sabhI kArakoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| palama0 ke 'kArakanirUpaNam' meM bhI unhIM ko saMkSepa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| parantu palama0 ke isa prakaraNa ko lama0 ke 'subarthanirNaya' kA saMkSepamAtra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| donoM granthoM ke isa prakaraNa meM pratipAdya viSaya ke krama, vivecana-paddhati, Adi meM paryApta bhinnatA hai| palama0 meM pratipAdita athavA vaNita viSaya lama0 meM upalabdha hoM hI yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai / jaise- 'karma' kAraka kI palama0 meM pradarzita naiyAyika sammata, tIna paribhASAoM meM se kevala eka kA hI ullekha lama0 meM milatA hai| palama0 meM 'sampradAna' kAraka ke prasaMga meM, kAzikA vRtti ke mata kA spaSTa khaNDana kiyA gayA jo lama0 meM nahIM milatA / isI prakAra "dAnAdInAM tadarthatvAt "helArAjaH" yaha pUrA aMza, jisameM 'sampradAna' kAraka kA vidhAna karane vAle pramukha sUtra ke viSaya meM eka mahattvapUrNa zaMkA tathA usake samAdhAna ke rUpa meM vAkyapadIya ke TIkAkAra helArAja kA mata uddhRta kiyA gayA, lama0 meM sarvathA hI nahIM hai / palama0 meM uddhRta yaha aMza lama0 kI kalA TIkA (pR0 1265) meM kathaMcit vidyamAna hai| 1. dra0kAlikAprasAda zukla sampAdita palama0 kA saMskaraNa / For Private and Personal Use Only

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aThAIsa palama0 meM kArakoM ke viSaya meM vicAra karane se pUrva unakI sunizcita paribhASA dI gaI hai tathA usa paribhASA kI vyAkhyA karate hue unakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kArakoM kI ye paribhASAyeM lama0 ke una una prakaraNoM meM usI rUpa meM kahIM bhI nahIM dikhAyI detiiN| yadi kahIM koI paribhASA milatI bhI hai to usameM bahuta kucha bhinnatA dikhAyI detI hai| isI taraha palama0 ke isa prakaraNa ke Arambha meM hI kArakatva ke viSaya meM vividha paribhASAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| para lama0 ke isa prakaraNa meM bIca bIca meM itastata: vikIrNa rUpa meM kArakatva kA svarUpa aura paribhASA Adi viSayaka vicAra milatA hai| palama0 (pR0 373-74) meM SaSThI vibhakti ke viSaya meM jo vicAra, "kArakaprAtipadikArtha sambandhAzrayaH' ina paMktiyoM meM, milatA hai vaha bhI lama0 meM nahIM hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki palama0 kA yaha pUrA prakaraNa, lama0 ke isa prakaraNa kI apekSA, adhika suvyavasthita evaM susaMgata hai / yahAM yaha bhI draSTavya hai ki lama0 tathA palama0 ke isa prakaraNa meM kahIM kahIM paraspara virodhI kathana bhI upalabdha haiN| jaise- 'adhikaraNa' kAraka ke prakaraNa meM lama0 meM 'praupazleSika' adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa 'kaTe prAste' tathA 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa 'khe zakunaya: santi' diyA gayA hai (dra0 --pR0 1327) / parantu palama0 (pR0 368) meM, kaiyaTa ke mata ke rUpa meM 'kaTe prAste' ko 'praupazleSika' adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa prastuta karake, usakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai tathA 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'kaTe prAste' tathA 'jale santi matsyAH ' ko hI ThIka mAnA gayA hai| palama0 ke antima do prakaraNa, 'nAmArtha' tathA 'samAsAdivRttyartha' bhI lama0 ke saMkSepa nahIM mAne jA sakate / palama0 ke 'nAmArtha' prakaraNa meM prAtipadika zabdoM ke pA~ca arthoM-jAti, vyakti, liMga, saMkhyA tathA kAraka ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA anta meM, zabda kA apanA rUpa bhI zabdArtha meM grAhya banatA hai aura anukArya tathA anukaraNa meM bheda tathA abheda donoM sthitiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM, ina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue prakaraNa ko samApta kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi lama0 meM bhI ina bAtoM kI hI carcA kI gayI hai para donoM kI bhASA meM koI sAmya nahIM dikhAyI detA / sAtha hI palama0 (pR0 800) meM isa prakaraNa ke anta kA "apadam ityasya / pariniSThatasAdhuzabdau paryAyo" aMza lama0 meM sarvathA aprApya hai tathA palama0 ke kalevara kI dRSTi se anAvazyaka bhI pratIta hotA hai / ___ isI prakAra palama0 kA 'samAsAdivRttyartha' prakaraNa lama0 ke 'vRtti-vicAra' vAle prakaraNa se sarvathA bhinna hai / palama0 ke isa prakaraNa meM vRttitvasAmAnya ke vicAra-prasaMga meM naiyAyikA bhimata 'vyapekSA' pakSa meM doSa dikhAte hue, vaiyAkaraNoM ke 'ekArthIbhAva' pakSa ko nirdoSa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yahIM 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' ko kramazaH 'ekArthIbhAva' tathA 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jabaki laghumaJjUSA meM isa bAta kA khaNDana milatA hai (dra0 pR01406-10)| dUsarI ora vaisilama0 ke 'vRttivicAra' nAmaka prakaraNa meM vRtti ke sabhI pA~ca prakAroM-samAsa, ekazeSa, kyajAdyanta, taddhita, vIpsA -- kI vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai jo palama0 meM anupalabdha hai| yaha eka bar3I vicitra bAta hai ki palama0 ke ye donoM hI prakaraNa jahAM vaisilama0 ke sambaddha prakaraNoM se sarvathA bhinna rUpa vAle haiM vahIM kauNDa bhaTTa-kRta vaibhUsA0 ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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untIsa 'nAmArtha-vicAra' tathA 'vRtti-vicAra' nAmaka prakaraNoM se lagabhaga abhinna haiN| isa viSaya meM Age ke pRSThoM meM donoM granthoM kI tulanA prastuta kI jA rahI hai| paramalaghumaMjUSA para vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kA prabhAva-kauNDa bhaTTa, bhaTToji dIkSita ke bhAI, raMgoji bhaTTa ke putra tathA surezvara ke ziSya the dUsarI ora nAgeza bhaTTa, bhaTToji dIkSita ke pautra, hari dIkSita ke ziSya the| isa prakAra kauNDa bhaTTa tathA nAgeza bhaTTa donoM hI lagabhaga samakAlIna haiM para kauNDa bhaTTa nAgeza bhaTTa se nizcita hI pUrvavartI haiN| kauNDa bhaTTa ke samaya kI antima sImA 1650-1660 I0 mAnI jAtI hai jabaki nAgeza bhaTTa ke samaya kI antima sImA 1670-1680 I0 mAnI gaI hai|' kauNDa bhaTTa ke donoM granthoM-vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa tathA usake saMkSipta rUpa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra-meM vyAkaraNa darzana ke lagabhaga unhIM viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai jina para bAda meM nAgeza bhaTTa ne apane vaisima0 tathA vaisilama0 granthoM meM vizeSa vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai| nAgeza ne ina granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para kauNDa bhaTTa ke kucha vicAroM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| paramaladhumaMjUSA meM bhI kucha sthaloM para bhI vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ke kucha mantavyoM kA khaNDana apratyakSarUpa se kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimna sthala draSTavya hai : ---- 'dhAtvarthanirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM 'kecit' sarvanAma ke dvArA kauNDa bhaTTa abhimata 'siddhatva' tathA 'sAdhyatva' kI paribhASA dekara usase sahamata na hote hue nAgeza ne 'vastutaH sAdhyatvaM niSpAdyatvam eva' ina zabdoM meM 'sAdhyatva' kI apanI paribhASA bhI dI hai| isI prakAra 'sakarmaka', 'akarmaka kI kauNDa bhaTTa dvArA nirdhArita paribhASA ko likhakara usakA khaNDana karate hue puna: apanI paribhASA ko "vastutastu akarmakatvam' ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai (dra0 pUrva pRSTha 143-46, 148-51) / nipAtArthanirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM naiyAyikoM ke 'nipAta artha ke vAcaka hote haiN| isa siddhAnta ke nirAkaraNa ke lie kauNDa bhaTTa dvArA kie gaye AkSepoM ko 'kecit zAbdikAH...ityApattiH' dvArA prastuta karake "tanna kva SaSThyApAdanam" ina zabdoM meM spaSTataH nAgeza ne khaNDana kiyA hai (dra0 pUrva pR0182-88) / 'kAraka-nirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa' meM 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA para vicAra karate hue 'parasparasmAnmeSAvapasarataH' isa prayoga meM 'apasarataH' kriyA ke sambandha meM kauNDa bhaTTa abhimata do prakAra kI gati-viSayaka mAnyatA kA bhI nAgeza ne, mahAbhASya ke prAmANika vaktavya ke AdhAra para, khaNDana kara diyA hai (dra0 pUrva pRSTha 363-65) / paranta vaibhasA0 tathA palama ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha sarvathA spaSTa hai ki palama0 kA pUrvArdha, arthAt grantha ke prArambha se 'nipAtArtha-nirNaya' taka kA aMza hI vaisilama0 kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| yadyapi isa bhAga meM bhI palama0 kI aneka paMktiyA~ 1. pI0ke0 goDe-sTaDIja ina iNDiyana liTarerI hisTarI, bhAga 3, pR0 206-11 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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tIsa vaibhUsA0 kI tatsambaddha paMktiyoM se prabhAvita haiM, bhale hI inakI saMkhyA thor3I hai| isa sambandha meM nimna sthala darzanIya haiM(ka) vabhUsA0 (pR0 57) palama0 (pR0 133-34) ___ bhAvanAyA avAcyatve dhAtUnAM sakarma- yattu mImAMsakAH 'phalaM dhAtvartho vyApAraH katvAkarmakatvavibhAga ucchinnaH syAt / / pratyayArthaH' iti vadanti tanna / ' kiM ca sakarmakatvAkarmakatvavyavahArocchedApattiH / (kha) vabhUsA0 (pR0 362-63) palama0 (pa0 221) __ 'atvaM bhavasi,' 'anahaM bhavAmi' ityAdI 'ahaM nAsmi', 'tvaM nAsi' ityAdau puruSavacanAdivyavasthopapadyate / anyathA / purussvcnvyvsthoppdyte| anyathA yuSma'tvadabhAvaH', 'madabhAvaH' itivad yuSmatsA- dAdestiGasAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvAt 'madamAnAdhikaraNyasya tivasattvAt puruSa- bhAvo'sti' ityAdAviva sA na syAt / vyavasthA na syAt / (ga) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 373) palama0 (10) "sAkSAtpratyakSatulyayoH' iti koza- _ 'sAkSAtpratyakSatulyayoH' iti kozAn / svarasAt / svasvayuktanipAtAnyatarArtha- 'sakarmakatvaM ca svasvasamabhivyAhRtaphalavyadhikaraNavyApAravAcitvaM sakarmaka- nipAtAnyatarArthaphalavyadhikaraNavyApAratvam iti * cenna / nAmadhAtvarthayorbhedena vAcakatvam / tnn| nAmArthadhAtvarthayosAkSAdanvayAsambhavAnnipAtArthadhAtvarthayo- bhaidana sAkSAdanvayAbhAvAt nipAtArtharanvayasyaivAsambhavAt / dhAtvarthayoranvayasyaivAsambhavAt / (gha) vaibhUsA 0 (pR0 377) palama0 (pR0 185) samAnAdhikaraNaprAtipadikArthayorabhedA- nAmArthayorabhedAnvayavyutpattistu nipaanvyvyutpttinipaataatiriktvissyaa| taatiriktvissyaa| (Ga) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 335) palama0 nirUDhalakSaNAyAH zaktyanatirekAt / / ___ 'nirUDhalakSaNA' - iyaM zaktyaparaparyA yaiveti bodhyam / (ca) akhaNDasphoTavAda kI prasthApanA palama0 (pR0 100) meM nAgeza ne bhI karate hue vaibhUsA0 (pR0 461) meM vaibhUsA0 kI bAta ko duharAte hue upayukta vAkyapadIya (1.73) kI nimna kArikA kArikA ko akhaNDasphoTavAda kA hI uddha ta kI gayI hai pratipAdaka mAnA hai| dra--sa ca yadyapyeko'khaNDazca / tathApi "varNarUpaH pade na varNA vidyante varNeSvavayavA na ca / padarUpo vAkyarUpazca / taduktamvAkyAtpadAnAm atyantaM praviveko na "pade na varNA vidyante na kazcana" / kazcana // tathA isakI vyAkhyA nimna rUpa meM kI gayI hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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idAnIm prakhaNDasphoTapakSam graha'pacati' ityAdI na varNAH padAnAm api vAkyAd viveko bhedo nAsti ityarthaH / isa prasaMga meM yaha vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai ki isa kArikA kI svayaM bhartRharikRta svopajJa TIkA ke anusAra isameM sakhaNDasphoTavAda prathavA nAnAtvadarzana kA pratipAdana hai na ki prakhaNDasphoTavAda athavA ekatvadarzana kA, jabaki bhaTTa kA isase ThIka viparIta pratipAdana hai / svopajJa vRtti ke vyAkhyAkAra vRSabhadeva' ne bhI uparyukta kArikA ko sakhaNDasphoTavAda kA hI pratipAdaka mAnA hai tathA yaha kahA hai ki isa kArikA se pahale kI do kArikAoM meM prakhaNDasphoTavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA jA cukA hai| ikatIsa (kha) vaibhUsA 0 ( pR0 151) parokSatvaM ca sAkSAtkRtam ityetAdRzaviSayatAzAlijJAnAviSayatvam / (ga) vaibhUsA 0 ( pR0 156 ) tattvaM (bhaviSyattvam) ca vartamAnaprAga bhAvapratiyogisamayotpattimattvam / 2. tulanA ke lie donoM granthoM ke nimna sthala draSTavya haiM : (ka) vaibhUsA 0 ( pR0 146) prArabdhAparisamAptatvaM bhUtabhaviSyadbhinnatvaM varttamAnatvam / yahA~ yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki laghumaMjUSA meM bhI nAgeza ne prakhaNDasphoTa siddhAnta kA bar3e vistAra se pratipAdana kiyA hai parantu usa prasaGga meM kahIM bhI isa kArikA ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA gayA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yaha to huI palama0 ke pUrvArdha bhAga kI sthiti / usake uttarArdha bhAga meM jA kara bhUsA kA adhika se adhika anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagatA hai ki palama0 kA praNetA vaibhUsA0 ke pratipAdya ko usI ke zabdoM meM saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta kara rahA hai / palama0 kA 'kArakanirUpaNa' avazya vaibhUsA0 ke usa prakaraNa se bhinna hai parantu use vaisilama 0 kA bhI saMkSepa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / palama0 kA 'dazalakArAdezArtha' vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se 'lakAra' ke pradeza bhUta' tiG' ke artha kA vivecana karatA hai / yaha pUrA prakaraNa vaibhUsA ke 'lakAravizeSArthaH ' prakararaNa kA hI saMkSepa hai jisameM prAya: Toh hI vAkyoM ko le liyA gayA hai / ke palama0 ( pR0 248 ) vartamAnakAlatvaM ca prArabdhAparisamAptakriyopalakSitatvam / palama0 ( pR0 250) parokSatvaM ca sAkSAtkRtam ityetAdRzaviSayatAzAlijJAnAviSayatvam / palama0 ( pR0 252 ) bhaviSyattvaM ca varttamAna prAgabhAvapratiyogikriyopalakSitatvam / 1. ke0 e0 esa0 ayyara sampAdita vApa0, svopajJavRtti tathA vRSabhadeva kI 'paddhati' vRtti sahita, pR0 135; "ekatvavAdimataM varNayannAha " padabhede'pi tathA pR0 137," nAnAtvadarzanam adhikRtya Aha - " pade na varNAH" iti / vApa0 1.71-72 -- padabhede'pi varNAnAm ekatvaM na nivarttate / vAkyeSu padamekaM ca bhinneSvapyupalabhyate // na varNavyatirekeNa padamanyacca vidyate / vAkyaM varNapadAbhyAM ca vyatirikta na kiMcana // For Private and Personal Use Only

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battIsa (gha) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 158-161) palama0 (pR0 255-57) vidhiH nimantraNam''AmantraNam .. vidhyAdicatuSTayasyAnusyUtapravartanAtvena adhISTa "etaccatuSTayAnugatapravarttanAtvena caturNAM vAcyatA lAghavAt / taduktaM vAcyatA lAghavAt / uktaM ca -- hariNA -"asti pravarttanArUpaM.. bhedasya "asti pravarttanArUpam anusyUtaM caturdhvapi / vivakSayA / " tatraiva liG vidhAtavya:kimbhedasya vivakSayA // " pravartanAtvaM ca pravRttijanakajJAna- pravartanAtvaM ca pravRttijanakajJAnaviSayatAvacchedakatvam / tacceSTasAdhana- vissytaavcchedktvm| tacceSTasAdhanatvasyAsti iti tadeva vidhyarthaH / yadyapyeta- tvasyaiveti tadeva liGarthaH / na tu kRtiskRtisAdhyatvasyApi tajjJAnasyApi pravarta- sAdhyatvam, tasya yAgAdau lokata eva katvAta, tathApi yAgAdau sarvatra tallokata lAbhAd, ityanyalabhyatvAt / na ca balavadaevAvagamyate ityananyalabhyatvAt na taccha- niSTAnanubandhitvaM dvaSabhAvenAnyathAkyam / balavadaniSTAnanubandhitvajJAnaJca siddhatvAt / na hetuH dvaSabhAvenAnyathAsiddhatvAt / (Ga) vaMbhUsA0 (164) palama0 (pR0 260) vartamAnadhvaMsapratiyogitvaM bhUtatvam / bhUtatvaM ca vartamAnadhvaMsapratiyogikiyo palakSitatvam / palama0 ke antima do prakaraNa-'nAmArtha' tathA 'samAsAdivRttyartha'--to vaibhUsA. ke 'nAmArthanirNaya' tathA 'samAsazaktinirNaya' nAmaka prakaraNoM ke abhinna saMkSepa mAtra haiN| ina donoM prakaraNoM ke nAma bhI palama0 ke granthakAra ne vaibhUsA0 ke sambaddha prakaraNoM ke nAma para hI rakhe haiN| vaisilama0 meM ina prakaraNoM ke nAma kramazaH 'pratipadikArthanirNaya' tathA 'vRttivicAra' haiN| vaisilama0 ke 'vRtti-vicAra' prakaraNa meM 6 pramukha khaNDa haiM jinameM vRtti ke kramazaH 'ekArthIbhAva', pradhAna samAsa, 'eka zeSa', 'kyajAdyanta', 'taddhita-pratyayArtha' tathA 'vIpsA', ina vividha prakAroM athavA bhedoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / palama0 meM ye vicAra nahIM milte| vaibhUsA0 ke 'samAsazaktinirNaya' nAmaka prakaraNa kI abhinna, parantu kisI sImA taka saMkSipta, pratilipi avazya vahAM upalabdha hai| kucha sthala aise bhI haiM jahAM vaibhUsA0 ke granthakAra kauNDabhaTTa ne apane vivecana athavA pratipAdana kI puSTi ke liye apane dUsare grantha vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa ko pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhata kiyA hai| ina sthaloM kI pratilipi karate samaya palama0 kA granthakAra itanA sajaga hai ki vaha vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa kA nAma jAna bUjha kara chor3a jAtA hai, yadyapi aise sthala eka do hI haiN| 1. dra0 vabhUsA0, pR0 2883; (ka) tasya niyamArthatAyA bhASyasiddhAyA vayAkaraNabhUSaNe spaSTaM pratipAditatvAta / tulanA karo-palama0 (pR0 418) tasya niyamArthatAyA bhASyakataiva pratipAditatvAt / (kha) bhUsA0, 50 307; nAntyaH' 'prapaMcitaM gaiyAkaraNabhUSaNe / tulanA karo-palama0 (pa0 426) nAntyaH |.'itynvy prasaMgAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra tetIsa nIce ve sthala tulanA ke lie prastuta haiM jahAM palama0 meM bhUsA se saba kucha hI lagabhaga abhinna rUpa meM grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai / palama0 ke ina sthaloM ko vaibhUsA0 kI pratilipi mAtra mAnA jA sakatA hai: -- 'nAmArthanirNaya' ke sthala (ka) vaibhUsA0 ( pR0 216-18 ) eka jAtiH / lAghavena tasyA eva vAcyatvaucityAt / anekavyaktInAM vAcyatve gauravAt jAtyA tu sahAzrayatvameva saMsargaH iti lAghavam / kicaivaM viziSTavAcyatvamapekSya "nAgRhItavizeSaraNA0 " nyAyena jAtireva vAcyeti yuktam / vyaktibodhastu lakSaNayA / www.kobatirth.org (kha) vaibhUsA 0 ( pR0 216 ) yadvA kevalaM vyaktirevaikazabdArthaH / ... sambandhitAvacchedakasya jAterakyAcchaktirapyekaiveti na gauravamapi / na caivaM ghaTatvaM vAcyaM syAcchakyatAvacchedakatvAt tathA "1 "nAgRhIta vizeSaNA 0 nyAyAt tadeva vAcyamastviti zakyam / prakAraNatve'pi kAraNatAvacchedakatvAd lakSyatve'pi lakSyatAvacchedakatvavat, tathAtrApi sambhavAt / ukta N ca Anantye'pi hi bhAvAnAm zabda: ekaM kRtvopalakSaNam / karasambandha na ca vyabhicariSyati // (ga) vaibhUsA0 ( pR0 322 ) vastutastu " hyA kRtipadArthakasya dravyaM na padArtha: " iti bhASyAd viziSTameva vAcyam 'nAmArtha' ke sthalaM Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir palama0 ( pR0 378 ) zabdAnAM' jAtau zaktirlAghavAt / vyaktInAm zrAnantyena tatra zaktI gauravAt / "nAgRhItavizeSaNA vuddhivizeSya upajAyate" iti nyAyasya vizeSaNe zaktir vizeSye lakSaNeti tAtparyAt / `...''gAm Anaya' ityAdI anvayAnupapattyA tadAzrayalakSakatvena nirvAhazcetyAhuH / palama0 ( pR0 381-82) tanna I vyaktInAmAnantye'pi zakyatAvacchedakajAterupalakSaNatvena tadaikyena ca tAdRzajAtyupatnakSitavyaktau zaktisvIkAreNAnantazaktikalpanAviraheNa agauravAt / lakSyatAvacchedakatIratvAdivat zakyatAvacchedakasyAvAcyatve doSAbhAvAt / "nAgRhIta0" iti nyAyasya vizeSaNaviziSTa vizeSyabodhe tAtparye'pi tvaduktatAtparye mAnAbhAvAt / jAterupalakSakatvena tadAzraya sakalavyaktibodhena vyaktyantarabodhAprasaGgabhaGgAcca / tadAha Anantye'pi vyabhicariSyati / palama0 ( pR0 387 ) vastutastu "na hyAkRtipadArthakasya dravyaM na padArthaH" iti "sarUpa0" - sUtra - bhASyAd viziSTameva vAcyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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cautIsa palama0 (gha) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 230-31) palama0 (50 363) nanvanvayavyatirekAbhyAM pratyayasyaiva nanvanvayavyatirekAbhyAM pratyayasyaiva tadvAcyam..... 'iti cet satyam / pratyaya- tad vAcyam iti cet na / 'dadhi tiSThati', vajite 'dadhi pazyati' ityAdI pratyayama- 'dadhi pazya' ityAdau......."pratyayalopajAnato'pi bodhAt / majAnato'pi nAmata eva tatpratIteH / (Ga) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 233) zabdastAvacchAbdabodhe bhAsate / ... zabdo'pi zAbdabodhe bhAsate / " na so'sti pratyayo loke na so'sti .................."bhAsate / / yaH zabdAnugamAd Rte / itybhiyuktoktH| anuviddhamiva jJAnaM bhAsate // ityaadynubhaavikoktH| (ca) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 242-43) palama0 (pR0 394) ukta ca vAkyapadIye-- grAhyatvaM grAhakatvaM ca...prakAzyate / / grAhyatvaM grAhakatvaM ca dve zaktI tejaso ythaa| iti vAkyapadIyAcca / tathaiva sarvazabdAnAm ete pRthagavasthite / viSayatvamanAdRtya zabdarnArthaH prakAzyate / / yahAM anta ke do aMzoM meM yaha vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ina donoM hI sthaloM meM yadyapi bAkyapadIya se hI kArikAyeM uddhRta kI gayIM haiM, parantu palama0 meM Upara ke aMza meM kArikAoM ke liye 'ityabhiyuktokteH' kahA gayA jabaki nIce ke aMza meM 'iti vAkyapadIyAcca' kA ullekha kiyA gyaa| spaSTa hai ki palama0 ke granthakAra ne vaibhUsA0 ke 'ityAdyanubhAvikokta:' ke sthAna para 'ityabhiyuktokta:' tathA 'uktaM ca vAkyapadIye' ke sthAna para 'iti vAkyapadIyAcca' kA prayoga kiyA hai| (cha) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 202) palama0 (pR0 367-400) _ 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdayo'nukaraNazabdA ___ anukAryAda anukaraNam abhinnam anukAryAnna bhidyante'tasteSAm arthavattvAdya- ityabhedavivakSAyAM cArthavattvAbhAvAnna bhAvAt "arthavadadhAtu." ityAdyapravRtto na prAtipadikatvam na vA padatvam / abhedpadatvaM na vA prAtipadikatvam / atha ca pakSajJApakastu bhU sattAyAm' ityAdisAdhutvam ityupapadyate / anyathA "apadaM nirdeshH| prAtipadikatvapadatvAbhAve'pi na prayuJjIta" iti asAdhutApattiH / 'bhU' ityAdi sAdhu bhavatyeva / nanu "apadaM na prayuJjIta" iti bhASyAd asAdhviti cet na / 'samAsazaktinirNaya' ke sthala sAmAsadivRttyartha ke sthala (ka) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 270-71) palama0 (pR0 404) ata eva vyapekSApakSam utpAdya "artha- ___ ata eva bhASye vyapekSApakSam udbhAvya tasmin vyapekSAyAM sAmarthya yo'sau ekArthI- 'arthatasmin vyapekSAyAM sAmarthya yo'sau bhAvakRto vizeSaH sa vaktavyaH" iti ekArthIbhAvakRto vizeSaH sa vaktavyaMH' For Private and Personal Use Only

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paMtIsa bhASyakAreNa dUSaNam apyuktam / tathA dhavakhadirau niSkauzAmbirgoratho ghRtaghaTo / gur3adhAnAH kezacUDaH suvarNAlaMkAro dvidazAH / saptaparNa ityAdau itaretarayogAtikrAntayuktapUrNamizrasaGghAtavikArasucpratyayalopo vIpsAdyarthA vAcanikA vAcyAH / ityuktam / dhavakhadirau niSkauzAmbigoratho ghRtaghaTo gur3adhAnAH kezacUDa: suvarNAlaGkAro dvidazA: saptaparNa ityAdau sAhityakAntayuktapUrNamizrasaGghAtavikArasucpratyayalopavIpsAdyarthA vAcanikA vAcyAH / (kha) vabhUsA0 (pR0 271-71) dUSaNAntaram grAha :-- cakArAdiniSedho'tha, bahuvyutpattibhaJjanam / kartavyaM te nyAyasiddhaM / tvasmAkaM taditi sthitiH / / ''bahuvyutpatti bhaJjanam' iti 'prAptodako grAmaH' ityAdau 'prAptikatrabhinnam udakam' ityAdibodhottaraM tatsambandhigrAmalakSaNAyAm api 'udakakartR kaprAptikarma grAma:' ityarthAlAbhAt / 'prApta' iti 'kta' pratyayasyaiva katrarthakasya karmaNi lakSaNeti cet tarhi samAnAdhikaraNaprAtipadikArthayorabhedAnvayavyutpatteH udakAbhinnaprAptikarmeti syAt / anyathA 'samAnAdhikaraNaprAtipadikArthayorabhedAnvaya'vyutpattibhaGgApateH / prApterdhAtvarthatayA kartRtAsambandhe bhedenodakasya tatrAnvayAsambhavAcca / palama0 (pR0 434-35) dUSaNAntaram Aha : cakArAdiniSedho sthitiH| prApto. dakaH' ityAdau pRthak zaktivAdinAM mate 'prAptikabhinnam udakam' ityAdibodhottaraM tatsambandhigrAmalakSaNAyAm api 'udakakartRkaprAptikarma grAmaH' ityarthAlAbhe prApte 'prApta' iti 'kta' pratyayasya karbarthakasya karmArthe lkssnnaa| tato'pi "samAna vibhaktikanAmArthayorabheda eva saMsargaH" iti vyutpattyA 'udakAbhinnaM karma' iti syAt / 'udakasya'kartRtayA 'prAptau' anvaye tu "nAmArthayorabhedAnvaya0"- vyutpattibhaJjanaM syAd iti tAtparyam / (ga) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 282-88) yattu vyapekSAvAdino naiyAyikamImAMsakAdaya :-na samAse zaktiH / 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdau 'rAja' padAdeH sambandhini lakSaNayaiva 'rAjasambandhyabhinnaH puruSaH' iti bodhopptteH| ata eva 'rAjJaH' padArthaMkadezatayA na 'zobhanastha' ityAdivizeSaNAnvayaH na vA 'ghanazyAmo niSkauzAmbiorathaH' / ityAdau ivAdiprayogApattiH / uktArthakatayevAdipadaprayogAsambhavAt / na vA "vibhASA" iti suutraavshyktvm| lakSaNayA 'rAjasambandhyabhinnaH' iti bubo palama0 (pR0 410-21) -yattu vyapekSAvAdino naiyAyika mImAMsakadayaH --- na samAse zaktiH / 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdau 'rAja'-padAdeH sambandhini lakSaNayava 'rAjasambandhavadabhinnaH puruSaH' iti bodhAt / ata eva 'rAjJaH' padArthaMkadezatvAnna tatra 'Rddhasya' ityAdivizeSaNAnvayaH |.'n vA 'dhanazyAmaH', 'niSkauzAmbiH', 'gorathaH' ityAdAvivAdiprayogApattiH / lakSaNayavoktArthatayA 'uktAnAmaprayogaH' iti nyAyenevAdInAm aprayogAt / nApi "vibhASA" For Private and Personal Use Only

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chattIsa dhayiSAyAM samAsasya 'rAjasambandhavAn' iti bubodhayiSAya vigrahasyetyAdi prayoganiyamasambhavAta / nApi paMkajapadapratibandI shktisaadhikaa| tatrAvayavazaktimajAnato' pi bodhAt / na ca zaktyagrahe lakSaNayA / tebhyo viziSTArthapratyayaH sambhavati / ata / eva rAjAdipadazaktigrahe 'rAjapuruSaH', 'citraguH' ityAdau na bodhH| nApi / 'citraguH' ityAdau lakSaNAsambhave'pi aSaSThyarthabahuvrIhI lakSaNAyA asambhavaH / bahuvyutpattibhaJjanApatteriti vAcyam / 'prAptodakaH' ityAdau 'udaka'pade eva lakSaNAsvIkArAt / pUrvapadasya yaugika- tvena tallakSaNAyA vAtupratyayatadarthajJAnasAdhyatayA vilambitavAt / pratyayAnAM sannihitapadArthagatasvArthabodhakatvavyutpattyanurodhAcca / ghaTAdipade cAtiriktA / zaktiH kalpyamAnA viziSTe kalpyate, viziSTasyaiva saGkatitatvAt bodhakatvasyApi pratyekaM varNeSvasattvAt / prakRte / cAtyantasannidhAnena pratyayAnvayasaulabhyAyottarapada eva sA kalpyate iti vizeSaH / svIkRtaM ca ghaTAdipadeSvapi caramavarNasyaiva vAcakatvaM mImAMsakammanye :ityaahuH| iti sUtram Avazyakam / lakSaNayA 'rAjasambandhyabhinnaH' iti bubodhayiSAyAM samAsasya, rAjasambandhavAna' iti bUbodhayiSAyAM vigrahasya ca prayoganiyamasambhavAt / nApi zakti: pakaMjazabdavat' iti paGkajazabdapratidvandvitA zaktisAdhikA / tatra avayavazaktimajAnato'pi tato bodhAt / na ca zaktyagrahe lakSaNayA tasmAd viziSTArthapratyayaH sambhavati / ata eva rAjapadAdizaktya grahe 'rAjapuruSaH ityAdiSu na bodhaH / na ca "citraguH, ityAdI lakSaNAsambhavepyaSaSThyarthabahuvrIhI lakSaNAyA asambhavaH, bahuvyutpattibhaJjanApatteriti vAcyam / 'prAptodakaH' ityAdau 'udaka' pade eva lakSaNAsvIkArAt / pUrvapadasya yaugikatvena tatra lakSaNAyA dhAtupratyayatadarthajJAnasAdhyatayA vilambitatvAt / pratyayAnAM sannihitapadArthagatasvArthabodhakatvavyutpattyanurodhAcca / ghaTAdipade cAtiriktA zaktiH kalpyamAnA pratyekaM varNeSu bodhakatve'pi viziSTe kalpyate, viziSTasyaiva sngketitvaat| prakRte cAtyantasannidhAnena pratyayAnvayasaulabhyAyottarapade eva lakSaNA kalpyate iti vizeSaH / svIkRtaM ca ghaTAdi padeSvapi caramavarNasyaiva vAcakatvaM mImAMsakammanya :- ityaahuH| atrocyate--samAse zaktyasvIkAre atrocyate-samAse zaktyasvIkAre tasya prAtipadikasaMjJAdikaM na syAt / viziSTasyArthavattvAbhAvena pratipAdikatvaM arthavattvAbhAvena "arthavadadhAturapratyayaH na syAt / ... na ca "kRttaddhita0" iti prAtipAdikam" ityasyApravRtteH / na ca sUtre samAsagrahaNAt tatsaMjJeti vAcyam / "kRttaddhitasamAsAzca' iti 'samAsa'- tasya niyamArthatAyA bhASyakRtaiva pratigrahaNAt sA / tasya niyamarthatAyA bhASya- pAditatvAt / ...tiptasjhi0' ityataH siddhAyA deyAkaraNabhUSaNe spaSTaM pratipA- 'ti' ityArabhya 'Gyossup0 iti pakAreNa dittvaat| ...atha "tiptas0' ityaarbhy| 'tip' ityAhAro bhASyasiddhaH / tatparyudAsena "Gyossup" iti 'tip' pratyAhAro bhASya- 'atipprAtipAdikam' ityeva sUtryatAm / tataH siddhaH / tamAdAya "atip prAtipadikam" _ 'samAsazca' iti sUtraM niyamArtham astu kiM ityeva sUtryatAm / kRtam "arthavata 0" Adi- sUtradvayeneti 'suptiGantabhinna prAtipadikam' For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMtIsa sUtradvayena / 'samAsagrahaNaM ca niymaarthmstu| ityarthAt samAsasyApi sA syAditi tathA ca "tibantabhinnamprAtipadikam" 'samAsazca' ityasya niyamArthatvaM sulabhamiti ityarthAt samAsasyApi sA syAd iti cet / cet satyam / pratyeka varNeSu saMjJAvAraNAya tathApi pratyeka varNeSu saMjJAvAraNAyArtha- "arthavat" ityasyAvazyakatvena samAsevattvAvazyakatvena samAsAvyAptitAda- 'vyAptistadavasthaiva / tathA ca prAtipadikavasthyameva / tathA prAtipadikasaMjJArUpaM saMjJArUpakAryamevArthavattvamanumApayati / kAryam evArthavattvam anumApayati / (gha) vaibhUsA0 (pR0 305-307) palama0 (pR0 425-26) ___ki ca 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdau sambandhini / kiM ca 'rAjapuruSaH' Adau rAjapadAdeH sambandhe vA lkssnnaa| nAdyaH 'rAjJaH puruSaH' sambandhini sambandhe vA lakSaNA nAdyaH / iti vivaraNavirodhAta samAsasamAnArthaka- 'rAjJaH puruSaH' iti vivaraNavirodhAta vAkyasyaiva vigrahatvAt / anyathA tasmAt vRttisamAnArthavAkyasyaiva vigrahatvAt / zaktinirNayo na syAt / nAntyaH 'rAja- anyathA tasmAt zaktinirNayo na syaat| sambandharUpapuruSaH' iti bodhaprasaGgAt / / nAntyaH 'rAjasambandha rUpapuruSaH' ityanvayaviruddhavibhaktirahitaprAtipadikArthayorabhedA- prasaGgAt / nvayavyutpattarityAdi prapaJcitaM vaiyaakrnnbhuussnne| vaibhUsA0 tathA palama0 ke ina aneka sthalo kI isa samAna rUpatA ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yA to ye aMza prakSipta haiM athavA palama0 hI nAgeza se bhinna kisI vidvAn ke dvArA praNIta athavA saGkalita hai| parantu yoM zIghratA meM kisI nizcita niSkarSa para pahu~canA hameM ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| palama0 kA mahattva---Upara tInoM maJjUSA granthoM ke AkAra prakAra tathA pratipAdya Adi ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| samprati vyAkaraNa darzana kA viziSTa adhyayana karane vAle vidvAnoM tathA chAtroM meM palama0 kA hI atyadhika pracAra dekhA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki granthakAra ne apanI isa parama laghvI maJjUSA meM saMskRtavyAkaraNa-darzana ke prAyaH sabhI siddhAnta-ratnoM ko sucAru rUpa se sajA kara rakhA hai| phalataH isa grantha ke samyak adhyayana se saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-darzana ke sAtha bhalI bhAMti paricaya ho jAtA hai| bRhanmaJjUSA tathA laghumaJjUSA to pAThakoM ko athAha samudra kI bhAMti pratIta hote haiM / unameM ghusate hue bhI bhaya lagatA hai| pratipAdya viSayoM kA itanA asaMyamita vistAra hai ki AsAnI se kucha patA hI nahIM laga pAtA ki granthakAra kahanA kyA cAhatA hai| pahale lama0 tathA palama0 kI tulanA ke prasaMga meM kaI bAra yaha bAta kahI gayI hai ki palama0 ke aneka sthala lama0 ke una sthaloM kI apekSA adhika susaMgata tathA spaSTa haiM / 1. palama meM "viruddha..... vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa" isa pUre vAkya ko sambhavata: isa liye nahIM rakhA gayA ki isa meM vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNa kA nAma prayukta huA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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aThatIsa isa dRSTi se 'dhAtvarthanirNaya' tathA nipAtArthanirNaya' kA vizeSa rUpa se nAma liyA jA sakatA hai| 'sphoTanirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM bhI saMkSepa meM jitanA spaSTa bodha 'sphoTa' ke viSaya meM palama ke adhyayana se hotA hai utanA lama0 se sambhavataH nahIM ho pAtA / isI prakAra lama0 kA 'tirthanirUpaNa' tathA 'prAtipadikArthanirUpaNa' apane vistAra meM paryApta bhayAvaha pratIta hotA hai / lama0 ke 'subarthavicAra' meM vibhinna kArakoM kI ve pariniSThita paribhASAyeM nahIM mila pAtIM jo palama0 meM bar3I sundaratA ke sAtha upanibaddha haiN| isa sabakA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM hai ki donoM bar3I maMjUSAoM kA koI mahattva hI nahIM hai| vyAkaraNa darzana meM pUrNa niSNAta hone ke liye una donoM hI granthoM kA adhyayana anivArya hai / parantu saMkSepa meM vyAkaraNa darzana ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana tathA samarthana aura naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM ke siddhAntoM kA nAma lekara sayuktika khaNDana jisa spaSTatA ke sAtha palama0 meM milatA hai utanA lama0 meM nahIM milatA / isaliye thor3e meM viSaya ko samajhane ke liye palama0 kI upayogitA anupekSaNIya hai| palama0 kA prastuta adhyayana - nAgeza bhaTaT kI paramala ghumaMjUSA eka nitAnta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| parantu isa grantha ratna kA na to koI suvyavasthita zuddha saMskaraNa upalabdha hai aura na isakA anuvAda tathA tathA vyAkhyA hI kI gayI hai| jo eka do saMskaraNa upalabdha haiM unameM bhraSTa pAThoM kI bahulatA hI dekhane ko milatI hai| vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se eka do saMskaraNoM meM TippaNiyAM dI gayI haiM para una meM nyAya kI paribhASika zabdAvalI kA prayoga karake viSaya ko aura bhI durUha kara diyA gayA hai| adhyetAnoM ko ina TIkA TippaNiyoM se koI sahAyatA nahIM miltii| isa nyUnatA kI pUrti kI dizA meM yaha saMskaraNa prathama prayAsa hai| vividha hastalekhoM tathA prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke adhAra para grantha kA yathAsambhava zuddha sampAdana, uddharaNoM kI unake mUla srotoM se tulanA tathA unakA saMketa, artha-saMgati kI dRSTi se pUre grantha kA vividha khaNDo meM vibhAjana, pATha bhedoM kA saMkalana tathA zuddha pATha kA nirdhAraNa ityAdi isa saMskaraNa kI vizeSatAyeM haiN| ___ grantha ke pratipAdya viSaya ko anuvAda meM yathAsaMbhava sarala tathA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isake liye koSThakoM kA kucha adhika prayoga karanA par3A kyoMki bahuta se Avazyaka pada yA aMza mUla paMkti meM nahIM the| anuvAdamAtra ke adhyayana se bhI viSayavastu samajha meM meM A jAya isa dRSTi se kahIM kahIM anuvAda ko kucha vistRta karanA par3A hai| vyAkhyA bhAga meM pratipAdya viSaya kI pUrI chAna bIna kI gayI hai tathA pratyeka viSaya ko pAtaMjala mahAbhASya tathA bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya Adi, vyAkaraNa darzana ke sabhI, AdhArabhUta pramANika granthoM kI pRSThibhUmi meM prastuta karake AlocanAtmaka paddhati se adhikAdhika sarala banayA gayA hai / naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM ke, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye, una una siddhAntoM ke khaNDana ke prasaMga meM ina prAcAryoM tathA unake mUla graMthoM ke Avazyaka uddharaNoM evaM vacanoM ke dvArA unake mantavyoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra paramala ghumaMjUSA meM carcita, ullikhita athavA saMketita sabhI viSayoM ko, For Private and Personal Use Only

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untAlIsa hindI ke mAdhyama dvArA adhyayana karane vAle vidvAnoM tathA chAtroM ke liye yathAsambhava sugama evaM hRdayagrAhI banAyA gayA hai| ajJAnatAvaza athavA presa kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa kucha nyUnatAyeM tathA azuddhiyA~ avazya mileNgii| vidvavRnda unakA parimArjana karake udAratA pUrvaka mujhe avazyaka mujhe kSamA kreNge| gacchataH skhalanaM kvApi bhavatyevApramAdataH / hasanti durjanAstatra samAdadhati sajjanAH / / kurukSetra vidvAnoM kA parama vinIta kapiladeva 10-1-75 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Page #62
[ maMgalAcaraNa ] zakti- nirUpaNam zivaM natvA hi nAgezenAnindyA paramA laghuH / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta maMjUSaiSA viracyate 11 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAgeza ke dvArA, ziva ko praNAma karake, nizcita rUpa se anindanIya, yaha vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta - parama-laghu-maMjUSA racI jAtI hai / zivaM natvA - maMgalAcaraNa ke isa aMza se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa grantha ke lekhaka zrI nAgeza bhaTTa bhagavAn ziva ke parama bhakta the / isa grantha ke do granya, bRhat tathA bRhattara rUpoM - vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-laghu-maMjUSA tathA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta-maMjUSA, (bRhan maMjUSA ) - ke maMgalAcaraNoM meM bhI nAgeza bhaTTa ne bhagavAn ziva kI hI stuti kI hai| draSTavya nAgezabhaTTaviduSA natvA sAmbazivaM laghuH / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta maMjUSaiSA viracyate // ( lama0 pR0 1) nAgeza bhaTTaviduSA natvA sAmba sadAzivam / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta maMjUSeSA viracyate || ( hastalekha, patra saM0 1 ) mahAbhASya kI udyota TIkA meM nAgeza ne bhagavAn ziva tathA sarasvatI donoM kI ArAdhanA kI hai '-- natthA sAmbazivaM devIM vAgadhiSThAnikAM gurum / rroratayAkhyAM kurve'haM tu yathAmati // , ( mahA0 bhA0 1, udyota TIkA pR0 1 ) isI prakAra paribhASenduzekhara meM bhI isa mahAvaiyAkaraNa ne bhagavAn sAmbaziva kI hI stuti kI hai / draSTavya natvA sAmbazivaM brahma nAgezaH kurute sudhIH / bAlAnAM sukhabodhAya paribhASenduzekharam // aisI dhAraNA hai ki pANini-sampradAya ke prAyaH sabhI AcArya evaM vyAkhyAtA zaiva the / paramparA ke anusAra svayaM prAcArya pANini bhI bhagavAn ziva ke ananya upAsaka the tathA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mUla AdhAra rUpa 14 pratyAhAra sUtra, bhagavAn ziva kI parama anukampA ke rUpa meM, unake sAkSAt upadeza dvArA, prAcArya pANini ko samprApta hue the / draSTavya - yenAkSarasamAmnAyam zradhigamya mahezvarAt / kRtsnaM vyAkaraNaM proktaM tasmaM pANinaye namaH // ( manamohana ghoSa sampAdita pANinIya zikSA, Rk zAkhIyA, zloka, 57 pR0 44 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isI dRSTi se ina pratyAhAra-sUtroM kA dumarA nAma 'ziva-mUtra' athavA 'mAhezvara-mUtra' bhI prasiddha ho gayA / draSTavya nRtyAvasAne naTarAjarAjo nanAda DhakkAM navapaMcavAram / uddhartu kAmaH sanakAdikAmAn etad vimarza zivasUtrajAlam / / (nandikezvarakRta kAzikA, prathama zloka) paramA laghu-vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-maMjUSA-parama udbhaTa vidvAn zrI nAgeza bhaTTa ne pANinIya-vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke vividha siddhAntoM, mAnyatAoM evaM tattvoM ke gambhIra dArzanika vivecana, vizleSaNa evaM aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se aneka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA dvArA saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke vAGamaya ko samRddha bnaayaa| laghu-zabdendu-zekhara, paribhASendu-zekhara, vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-maMjuSA, sphoTavAda, mahAbhASyapratyAkhyAna -saMgraha jaise viziSTa grantha inakI asAdhAraNa vidvattA ke utkRSTa pramANa haiM / inake atirikta mahAbhASya kI kaiyaTa-kRta pradIpa TIkA kI vivecanA ke rUpa meM nAgeza ne apanI uddyota TIkA prastuta kI, jisameM 'pradIpa' kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha sAtha mahAbhASya ke aneka rahasyapUrNa sthaloM kI acchI vyAkhyA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-maJjUSA vyAkaraNa darzana kA eka parama praur3ha grantha kahA jA sakatA hai, jo kevala hastalekhoM ke rUpa meM kahIM 2 upalabdha hai| maJjUSA kA yaha bRhat tathA prArambhika pATha mAnA jAtA hai / nAgeza ne apane isa bRhat grantha ko do saMkSipta rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA-eka laghu-maMjUSA tathA dUsarI prm-lghu-mNjuussaa| saMbhavataH vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta-maMjUSA kI racanA nAgeza ne apanI 'udyota' TIkA kI racanA se pUrva kara lI thii| dra0-tatra tu na zaktir iti maMjUSAyAm pratipAditam / (mahA0 uddyota TIkA, bhA0 1, pR0 46) [ATha prakAra ke 'sphoTa'] tatra varNapadavAkyabhedena sphottstridhaa| tatrApi jAtivyaktibhedena puna: SoDhA / akhaNDapadasphoTo'khaNDavAkyasphoTazceti saGkalanayA aSTau sphoTAH / varNa, pada tathA vAkya (ina) bhedoM ke kAraNa 'sphoTa' (artha-bodhaka zabda) tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| unameM bhI 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti' kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa punaH 'sphoTa' chaH prakAra kA hotA hai / (isake atirikta) 'akhaNDa-padasphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDa-vAkya-sphoTa' inake yoga se 'sphoTa' ATha prakAra kA hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa sphuTati prakAzate abhivyajyate vA'rtho'nena asmAdAvA isa vyutpatti ke anusAra jisa tattva se artha kA prakAzana yA abhivyakti hotI hai vaha 'sphoTa' hai / vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn sArthaka zabda meM do tattva mAnate haiM -eka dhvani' tathA dUsarA sphott'| 'dhvani' ko sAvayava evaM vinAzI mAnate hue vaiyAkaraNa use arthAbhivyakti meM asamartha mAnate haiM / unake anusAra yaha dhvani kevala 'sphoTa' ko prakaTa kara detI hai| usake pazcAt 'sphoTa' tattva, yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'dhvani' rUpa zabda kI AtmA, se artha kI abhivyakti hotI hai / isa 'sphoTa' kA dUsarA nAma 'zabda' bhI hai / 'sphoTa' kA vistRta varNana, pratipAdana evaM svarUpa-vizleSaNa vAkyapadIya ke prathama (brahma athavA Agama) kANDa meM zabda-brahma ke advitIya draSTA evaM asAdhAraNa manISI bhata hari ne bar3I mArmika paddhati se kiyA hai| svayaM nAgeza bhaTTa ne bhI apanI maMjUSA ke tInoM granthoM meM 'sphoTa' ke viSaya meM apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiM tathA AcArya bhata hari kA anugamana karate hue zAstrIya pramANa tathA tarkoM kI sthira bhitti para sphoTa kI pratiSThApanA evaM usakA svarUpa-vivecana kiyA hai| 'sphoTa' kI dRSTi se yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-maMjUSA tathA vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-ladhu-maMjUSA ina donoM granthoM ko hastalekhoM meM sphoTavAda' kahA gayA hai| dra0-iti zrImadupAghyAyopanAmaka-satIgarbhaja-zivabhaTTa-suta-nAgeza bhaTTa-kRto vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-majUSAkhyaH sphoTavAdaH / yaha paMkti laghu tathA bRhat maMjUSA ke pratyeka hastalekha meM milatI hai| yaha 'sphoTa' vargoM se atirikta tattva hote hue bhI, varNa rUpa dhvaniyoM se abhivyakta huA karatA hai| isaliye isakI dUsarI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai-sphuTati abhivyajyate variti sphottH| 'sphoTa' yadyapi nitya, niraMza evaM sarvathA avibhAjya tattva hai tathApi zabdoM ke svarUpa-jJAna ke upAya ke rUpa meM athavA tAkika buddhi ke saMtoSa ke liye kalpanA dvArA 'sphoTa' meM asatya vibhAga mAna liyA jAtA hai / dra0 -- upAyAH zikSamAraNAnAM bAlAnAm apalAlanAH / asatye vartmani sthitvA tataH satyaM samIhate // vApa0 2.238 nirbhAgeSvabhyupAyo vA bhAgabhedaprakalpanam // vApa0 1.62 paMcakozAdivat tasmAt kalpanaiSA samAzritA / upeyapratipattyA upAyA avyavasthitAH // vaibhUsA0, kArikA saM068 vAcakatA kI dRSTi se varNa, pada prAdi vibhinna rUpoM meM 'sphoTa' ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa 'sphoTa' ke varNasphoTa, padasphoTa tathA vAkyasphoTa ye pramukha bheda mAne gaye / ye bheda punaH 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti' kI dRSTi se do do prakAra ke hote haiN| 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti'---- zabdArtha athavA padArtha kA vizleSaNa karate hue kucha vidvAn jAti ko pradhAna mAnate haiM to kucha vidvAn 'vyakti' ko| mImAMsaka vidvAn prathama koTi meM rakhe jA sakate haiM tathA naiyAyika dvitIya koTi meM / 'jAti' kA abhiprAya hai 'sAmAnya' athavA vaha 'bhAva' (sattA) jo aneka vyaktiyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| isa 'sAmAnya' ko hI vyAkaraNa ke 'tva' yA 'tala' pratyayoM dvArA kahA jAtA hai / jaise For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sampUrNa gau vyaktiyoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAle sAmAnya bhAva ko 'gotva' kahA jAtA hai| yaha 'jAti' nitya evaM niravayava mAnI gayI hai / dUsarI ora 'vyakti' kA abhiprAya hai-'dravya' yA pRthak pRthak rUpa se dikhAI dene vAlA padArtha, jisako dRSTi meM rakha kara, 'yaha hai' isa prakAra ke, kisI viziSTa vastu kA saMketa karane vAle, sarvanAmoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jAtivAdiyoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki zabda se pahale 'jAti' kA hI bodha hotA hai parantu 'jAti' svatantra rupa se, 'vyakti' kA AzrayaNa kiye binA, raha nahIM sakatI isaliye 'jAti' ke sAtha 'vyakti' kA bhI bodha bAda meM zabda se hotA hai| inakI dRSTi meM prAkRti hI vAcaka hai tathA prAkRti hI vAcya hai- zabdAkRti vAcaka hai tathA arthAkRti vAcya hai| vyaktivAdiyoM kA siddhAnta isake viparIta hai / inakI dRSTi meM zabdAkRti se arthAkRti kA bodha nahIM hotA apitu pRthaka 2 zabdoM se pRthaka 2 arthoM (dravyoM athavA vyaktiyoM) kA bodha hotA hai / inakA eka tarka yaha hai ki 'vyakti' ko zabdArtha mAnane para hI zabdoM ke vibhinna liGgoM tathA vacanoM kI siddhi ho pAtI hai| 'vyakti' meM 'jAti' anivArya rUpa se rahatI hI hai isaliye, zabda kA artha vyakti mAnane para bhI, 'vyakti' ke sAtha sAtha 'jAti' kA bhI bodha zabda se hotA hI hai| isa prakAra yadi varNa, pada tathA vAkya se, vyakti pakSa ke anusAra, 'varNavyakti', 'padavyakti' tathA 'vAkyavyakti' kA bodha mAnA jAya aura unheM artha kA bodhaka mAnA jAya to 'varNa-vyakti-sphoTa', 'pada-vyakti-sphoTa' tathA 'vAkya-vyakti-sphoTa' ye bheda niSpanna hote haiN| parantu jAtipakSa kI dRSTi se jaba varNa, pada tathA vAkya se varNAkRti, padAkRti tathA vAkyAkRti kA bodha abhipreta mAnA jAya tathA unheM artha kA bodhaka mAnA jAya to 'varNa-jAti-sphoTa', 'pada-jAti-sphoTa' tathA 'vAkya-jAti-sphoTa' ye tIna aura bheda niSpanna hote haiN| varNasphoTa-eka eka 'prakRti' tathA 'pratyaya' se pRthaka 2 artha kI pratIti hone ke kAraNa 'prakRti' 'pratyaya' Adi rUpa vyakti kI dRSTi se 'varNa-vyakti-sphoTa, tathA prakRti, pratyaya Adi meM sthita 'sAmAnya' athavA 'jAti' se artha kA bodha hotA hai-bhinna 2 prakRti, pratyaya Adi vyaktiyoM se nahIM-yaha mAnate hue 'varNa-jAti-sphoTa' kI kalpanA kI gyii| yahAM 'varNasphoTa' meM 'sakhaNDa-varNa-sphoTa', tathA 'akhaNDa-varNa-sphoTa' ye donoM vibhAga nahIM banate, kyoMki 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' Adi meM vidyamAna varNo kA pRthak pRthak koI artha nahIM mAnA jaataa| jaise 'aka' (cul) pratyaya meM 'a' tathA 'ka' vargoM kA alaga alaga koI artha nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM 'prakRti' 'pratyaya' Adi ke aMzabhUta varNa nirarthaka hote haiM / padasphoTa-'gauH', 'azvaH' athavA 'gacchati', 'paThati' ityAdi pada artha-bodhaka haiM tathA unameM bhinna bhinna vaNoM kI pRthak pRthak pAramArthika sattA nahIM hai isa dRSTi se 'padasphoTa' kI kalpanA kI gyii| 'padasphoTa' ko tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA--'pada-jAti-sphoTa', For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 'sakhaNDa-pada-vyakti-sphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDa-pada-vyakti-sphoTa' / jAtipakSa kI dRSTi se padajAti-sphoTa kI kalpanA kI gayI / 'jAti' akhaNDa tathA avibhAjya hotI hai isaliye, khaNDa na mAne jAne ke kAraNa, usameM sakhaNDa tathA akhaNDa ye bheda nahIM bana pAte / parantu dUsarI ora, vyaktipakSa meM padavyakti meM sakhaNDatA tathA akhaNDatA kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai isaliye, 'sakhaNDa-pada-vyakti-sphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDa-pada-vyakti-sphoTa' ye bheda bana jAte haiN| vAkyasphoTa -- 'devadattaH pustakaM paThati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'devadattaH' Adi bhinna bhinna padoM kI pRthak sattA na mAnakara pUre vAkya ko vaiyAkaraNa pAramArthika rUpa meM eka mAnatA hai| isa dRSTi se akhaNDa vAkya ko akhaNDa vAkyArtha kA bodhaka mAnate hue 'vAkyasphoTa' kI kalpanA kI gyii| ise bhI tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA- 'vAkya-jAtisphoTa', 'sakhaNDa-vAkya-vyakti-sphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDa-vAkya-vyakti-sphoTa' / yahAM bhI 'jAti' kI akhaNDatA ke kAraNa hI usameM sakhaNDa tathA akhaNDa bheda nahIM kiye jAte / parantu vyaktipakSa kI dRSTi se vAkya rUpa vyakti meM sakhaNDa tathA akhaNDa ye bheda ho sakate haiM, isaliye 'sakhaNDa-vAkya vyakti-sphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDa-vAkya-vyakti-sphoTa' kI kalpanA kI gyii| sphoTa ke ina ATha bhedoM ko nIce cArTa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / sphoTa varNasphoTa padasphoTa vAkyasphoTa | V VI VII VIU V VI tasphoTa varNajAtisphoTa varNavyaktisphoTa padajAtisphoTa sakhaNDapadavyakti akhaNDapadavyaktisphoTa vAkyajAtisphoTa sakhaNDavAkyaktisphoTa akhaNDavAkyavyaktisphoTa ko [pATha prakAra ke sphoToM meM 'vAkyasphoTa' ko pramukhatA] tatra vAkyasphoTo mukhyaH, tasyaiva loke'rthabodhakatvAt tenaivArthasamAptezceti / tadAha nyAyabhASyakAra :-padasamUho vAkyam artha-samAptau (nyAyasUtra, vAtsyAyanabhASya, 1.55) iti / asya 'samartham' iti zeSaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-ladhu-majUSA una (ATha prakAra ke sphoToM) meM vAkya-sphoTa hI pramukha hai| kyoMki loka meM vahI artha kA bodhaka hotA hai tathA usase ho artha kA avasAna (artha kA nirapekSa jJAna) bhI hotA hai / jaisA ki nyAyabhASyakAra (vAtsyAyana) ne kahA hai"artha kI samApti (nirAkAMkSa jJAna) meM (samartha) pada-samUha kA nAma vAkya hai| isa (nyAyabhASyakAra ke kathana) meM 'samartham' yaha (pada) zeSa hai| vAkyasphoTo mukhyaH-vAkya se hI loka meM nirAkAMkSa rUpa se athaM kA jJAna hotA hai-pada se nhiiN| isa kAraNa 'vAkyasphoTa' ko hI vaiyAkaraNa pramukha sphoTa mAnate haiM / vAkya se jo artha kA bodha hotA hai vaha nirAkAMkSa hotA hai----padoM se usa prakAra kA, nirAkAMkSa rUpa se, artha kA bodha nahIM hotaa| isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa bhartRhari ne, vAkyapadIya ke dvitIya kANDa meM vAkya kI mImAMsaka vidvAnoM dvArA sammata paribhASA ko prastuta karate hue, nimna kArikA meM kiyA hai : sakAMkSAvayavaM bhede parAnAkAMkSazabdakam / karmapradhAnaM guNavad ekArtha vAkyam ucyate // 2.8 isa kArikA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki padoM ke rUpa meM vibhAga karane para jisake avayava, artha kI dRSTi se, sAkAMkSa rahate haiM, parantu avibhakta rUpa meM pUre samudAya ke upasthita hone para jisameM zabda kisI anya zabda kI apekSA nahIM karate, aisA kriyA-pradhAna, vizeSaNa pada se yukta tathA eka prayojana vAlA pada-samUha vAkya kahA jAtA hai / .. prastuta prasaGga meM 'parAnAkAGkSa-zabdakam' yaha vizeSaNa vizeSa mahattva kA hai / isa tathya kA ullekha punaH bhartRhari ne isI kANDa kI eka aura kArikA meM kiyA hai : tathaivakasya vAkyasya nirAkAMkSasya srvtH| zabdAntaraH samAkhyAnaM sAkAMkSaranugamyate / / 2.6 arthAt-vAkya vastutaH eka evaM sarvathA nirAkAMkSa hotA hai| usa eka evaM kisI bhI anya zabda kI apekSA na karane vAle vAkya kA, sAkAMkSa padoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kara ke una una, padoM dvArA anvAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| yahAM tulanA ke liye mImAMsA darzana (2.1.46) kA arthaMkyAn ekaM vAkya sAkAMkSaM cet vibhAge syAt yaha sUtra draSTavya hai jisameM upasthApita vAkya-sambandhI paribhASA meM bhI 'vAkya se nirAkAMkSa artha-jJAna hotA hai' yaha bAta svIkAra kI gayI hai| vastutaH vAkya-racanA meM aisA pada-samUha apekSita hai jisameM se yadi kisI bhI eka pada yA kinhIM aneka padoM kA uccAraNa na kiyA jAya to vAkya ke anya pada sAkAMkSa raheM / para yadi usa vAkya kA sampUrNa pada-samUha yA pUrA vAkya eka sAtha uccarita ho jAya to phira vaha pada-samUha kisI bhI anya pada kI AkAMkSA na rkhe| jaise--- rAmo bhojanAya gRhaM gacchati' isa vAkya ke padoM ko pRthak 2 kahA jAya to ve sabhI sAkAMkSa bane raheMge-una se nirAkAMkSa rUpa se artha kA jJAna nahIM hogA / para pUre vAkya ko kaha For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa dene se artha-viSayaka AkAMkSA samApta ho jAtI hai| yadi kisI pada- samUha ke uccarita ho jAne para bhI artha - viSayaka grAkAMkSA samApta nahIM hotI to usa pada samUha ko vAkya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isIliye nyAya - bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne bhI usI pada samUha ko vAkya mAnA jo 'artha samApti' (artha ke nirAkAMkSa jJAna) meM samartha ho / yahAM nAgeza kI paMkti meM vidyamAna 'asya' pada kA abhiprAya hai- padasamUho vAkyam zrarthasamAptau yaha vAkya / isa vAkya meM 'samartham ' pada zeSa hai -- kahA nahIM gayA hai / ataH spaSTatA kI dRSTi se isakA adhyAhAra kara lenA cAhiye / isa rUpa meM vAtsyAyana kI vAkya sambandhI paribhASA hogI - padasamUho vAkyam arthasamApto samartham / athavA 'asya' kA abhiprAya 'artha- samAptI' yaha pada bhI ho sakatA hai| donoM sthitiyoM meM abhiprAya yahI hogA ki artha ke nirAkAMkSa bodhana meM samartha, athavA sazakta, padasamUha ko vAkya kahate haiM / dUsare vikalpa kI dRSTi se laghumaMjUSA ( pR0 1) kA 'samApta' ityasya 'samartham' iti zeSaH aMza draSTavya hai / [ vAkyasphoTa ke svarUpa-bodhana ke liye prakRti-pratyaya kI kalpanA ] tatra prativAkyaM saMketagrahAsambhavAd vAkyAnvAkhyAnasya laghUpAyena azakyatvAcca kalpanayA padAni pravibhajya pade prakRtipratyayabhAgAn pravibhajya kalpitAbhyAm anvayavyatirekAbhyAM tattadarthavibhAgaM zAstramAtraviSayaM parikalpayanti smAcAryAH / vahA~ ( vAkyasphoTa ke pramukha hone para bhI ) pratyeka vAkya meM saMketa ( vAcya vAcaka-sambandha) ke jJAna ke asambhava hone tathA laghu upAya dvArA vAkya kA granvAkhyAna na ho sakane ke kAraNa kalpanA se ( vAkya meM) padoM kA vibhAga tathA pada meM prakRti aura pratyaya rUpa avayavoM kA vibhAjana karake, kalpita 'anvaya ' 'vyatireka' ke AdhAra para una una padoM tathA una una 'prakRtiyoM' aura 'pratyayoM' ke alaga alaga arthoM kI, jo kevala (vyAkaraNa) zAstra kA hI viSaya haiM, parikalpanA ( pANini Adi) prAcAryoM ne kI hai / vAkya-sphoTa ke pramukha evaM ekamAtra satya hone para bhI vaiyAkaraNa vAkyoM kA padoM meM tathA padoM kA 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' ke rUpa meM vibhAga kyoM karate haiM, isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vAkya meM pUre vAkya kI dRSTi se vAcya vAcakasambandha kA bodha karAnA asambhava hai / sAtha hI yadi usa taraha kA prayAsa kiyA gayA to bhI vaha sarala upAya dvArA zakya nahIM hai / isaliye vAkya kA padoM meM tathA padoM kA 'prakRti' evaM 'pratyaya' rUpa zravayavoM meM kAlpanika vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vayAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kalpitAbhyAm anvayavyatirekAbhyAm- 'anvaya' tathA 'vyatireka' kI paribhASA kI gayI hai-yat sattve yat sattvam anvayaH / yat-abhAve yad-abhAvo vyatirekaH / arthAt jisake hone para jo ho vaha, 'anvaya' hai tathA jisake na hone para jo na ho vaha vyatireka' hai / pataMjali ne siddhaM tvanvayavyatirekAbhyAm (mahA0 1.2.45) isa vArtika ke vyAkhyAna meM 'anvaya', 'vyatireka' kA artha, udAharaNa sahita, nimna paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai :-iha 'vRkSaH' ityukte kazcin, chabdaH zrUyate akArAntaH sakArazca pratyayaH / artho'pi kazcid gamyate-mUlaskandhaphalapalAzavAn. ekatvaM ca / 'vRkSau' ityukte kazcica chabdo hoyate, kazcid upajAyate, kazcid anvayI / sakAro hIyate, prokAra upajAyate, vRkSazabdo prakArAnto'nvayo / artho'pi kazcit hIyate, kazcid upajAyate, kazcid anvayI, ekatvaM hIyate, dvitvam upajAyate, mUlaskandhaphalapalAzavAn anvyii| tena manyAmahe yaH zabdo hIyate tasya aso artho yo hIyate / yaH zabda upajAyate tasya asau artho yo'rtha upajAyate / yaH zabdo'nvayo tasya asau artho yo arthena anveti / abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'vRkSaH' kahane para akArAnta vRkSa zabda sunAI detA hai tathA su' pratyaya kI sthiti kA jJAna hotA hai / isI prakAra isa zabda ke sunane se mUla, skandha, phala tathA patte vAle eka dravya rUpa artha kA bodha hotA hai| parantu 'vRkSau' kahane para kucha zabdAMza chUTa jAtA hai, kucha bar3ha jAtA hai tathA kucha sAtha sAtha lagA rahatA hai / 'su' pratyaya naSTa ho jAtA hai, 'au' pratyaya A jAtA hai / tathA akArAnta 'vRkSa' zabda anvita rahatA hai-lagA rahatA hai / isa kAraNa ekatva rUpa artha naSTa ho jAtA hai, dvitva rUpa artha bar3ha jAtA hai tathA 'mUla, zAkhA, phala tathA pattoM vAlA dravya' yaha artha anvita rahatA hai| isaliye yaha mAnanA cAhiye ki jo zabdAMza naSTa hotA hai usakA vaha artha hai jo naSTa hotA hai, jo zabdAMza bar3ha jAtA hai usakA vaha artha hai jo bar3ha jAtA hai tathA jo zabdAMza anvita rahatA hai usakA vaha artha hai jo anvita rahatA hai / isa prakAra pataMjali ne bhI 'anvaya' 'vyatireka' ko artha ke nizcaya karane meM pramANa mAnA haiN| bhartRhari bhI ina donoM ko artha kA nizcAyaka athavA vivecaka mAnate haiM / dra0-anvayavyatireko tu vyavahAre nibandhanam / (vApa0 2.12) 'anvaya' tathA 'vyatireka' ko spaSTa karane ke liye eka aura udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai / 'gAm prAnaya' isa vAkya meM 'gau' zabda ke uccarita hone para hI sAsnA Adi se yukta padArtha (go) kA bodha hotA hai| yaha 'anvaya' huA / jaba 'gau' zabda kA uccAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA taba vaha artha nahIM jJAta hotA / yaha huA 'vyatireka' / isI prakAra isa zabda ke sAtha 'am' vibhakti kA prayoga hone para hI 'karmatva' rUpa artha kA jJAna hotA hai---yaha 'anvaya' hai, tathA 'am kA uccAraNa na hone para usa artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA-yaha 'vyatireka' hai| vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' kA vibhAga kalpita hai isaliye unake AdhAra para hone vAle 'anvaya' tathA 'vyatireka' bhI kalpita haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa zAstramAtraviSayam - isa aMza kA abhiprAya yaha haiM ki kevala vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI dRSTi se hI, arthAt zabdoM ke sAdhuH svarUpa ko jAnane tathA usake liye zabda-siddhi kI prakriyA ke nirvAhArtha hI, padoM meM 'prakRti' tathA 'pratyaya' rUpa aMzoM tathA unake arthoM kI kalpanA kI gayI / dra0-anvayavyatirekAbhyAM prakRtipratyayAnAm iha zAstre'rthavattAparikalpanAt (mahA0, pradIpa TIkA 5.3.68, pR0 471) / vAkyoM meM padoM kI sattA tathA padoM meM 'prakRti' 'pratyaya' kI sattA sarvathA kAlpanika evaM kRtrima hai / ataH, ina vibhAgoM ke kalpita hone ke kAraNa, inake AdhAra para kiyA gayA artha-vibhAga, arthAt padoM ke pRthak 2 artha tathA 'prakRtiyoM' aura 'pratyayoM' ke alaga 2 artha, sabhI kalpita haiN| isa tathya kA bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM bar3e vistAra se pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se vahAM kI nimna kArikAyeM draSTavya hai : pare na varNA vidyante varNeSvavayavA na ca / vAkyAt padAnAm atyantaM praviveko na kazcana // 1.73 padoM meM varNa (satya) nahIM haiM tathA vargoM meM unake avayava (satya) nahIM haiN| isI prakAra vAkya se padoM kA Atyantika vibhAga bhI (saMbhava) nahIM hai / yathA pade vibhajyante prakRtipratyayAdayaH / apoddhArastathA vAkye padAnAm upavarNyate / / 2.10 jisa prakAra eka pada meM 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' Adi kA (asatya) vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra (akhaNDa) vAkya meM (kalpita) padoM ke vibhAga kA anvAkhyAna hotA hai / bhAgera anarthakara yuktA vRSabhodakayAvakAH / anvayavyatireko tu vyavahAranibandhanam // 2.12 'vRSabha', 'udaka', 'yAvaka' Adi zabda anarthaka bhAgoM (RSabha, uda, yAva Adi) se yukta haiN| 'anvaya' tathA 'vyatireka (usa prakRti tathA pratyaya ke hone para pada kI vyutpatti aura na hone para vyutpatti kA abhAva) to (zabda kI vyutpatti rUpa) vyavahAra ke nimitta (yA upAyamAtra) haiM / jisa prakAra vAkyoM evaM padoM kA vibhAga asatya hai usI prakAra vAkyArtha-vibhAga tathA padArtha-vibhAga bhI kalpita haiN| draSTavya : zabdasya na vibhAgo'sti kuto'rthasya bhaviSyati / vibhAgaH prakriyA-bhedam avidvAn pratipadyate / / 2.13 (akhaNDa) zabda (vAkya) kA vibhAga (satya) nahIM hai, phira usake artha meM kyoM vibhAga hogA (vAkya meM kalpita pada Adi ke) vibhAgoM se (utpanna) artha kI bhinnatA ko avidvAn hI satya mAnate haiM (vidvAn satya nahIM maante)| brAhmaNArthoM yathA nAsti kazcid brAhmaNa-kambale / devadattAdayo vAkye tathaiva syur anarthakAH // 2.14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA jisa prakAra 'brAhmaNa-kambalaH' (isa samAsa-yukta pada) meM 'brAhmaNa' zabda kA koI svatantra artha nahIM hai usI prakAra ('devadatta ! gAm pAnaya' jaise) vAkya meM 'devadatta' grAdi (pada) anarthaka haiM kI ina vibhinna kArikAmoM meM 'ekamAtra vAkya-sphoTa' kI hI satyatA eva pramukhatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| ['varNa-sphoTa' ko mAnane ko AvazyakatA tathA sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' ko vAcakatA ke viSaya meM vicAra zAstra-prakriyA-nirvAhako varNa-sphoTa: / 'prakRti-pratyayAs tattadartha-vAcakAH' iti tadarthaH / upasarganipAtadhAtvAdivibhAgo'pi kAlpanikaH / sthAnino lAdayaH, prAdezAs tibAdayaH kalpitA eva / tatra RSibhiH sthAninAM kalpitA arthAH kaNTharaveNaiva uktAH / AdezAnAM tu sthAnyarthAbhidhAnasamarthasyaivAdezatA' iti bhASyanyAyAt' te arthAH / evaM ca 'sthAninAM vAcakatvam aAdezAnAM vA' iti vicAro niSphala eva, kalpita-vAcakatvasya ubhayatra sattvAt / mukhyaM vAcakatvaM tu kalpanayA bodhitasamudAyarUpe pade vAkye vaa| lokAnAM tata evArthabodhAt / una (sphoToM) meM 'varNa-sphoTa' (kevala) vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI prakriyA ke nirvAha ke liye hI (mAnA gayA) hai| 'prakRti' tathA 'pratyaya' una una artho ke vAcaka haiM, yaha 'varNa-sphoTa' kA abhiprAya hai| upasarga, nipAta, tathA dhAtu Adi (Agama, Adeza, vikaraNa) kA vibhAga bhI kAlpanika hI hai| sthAnI 'la' (lakAra) Adi tathA Adeza 'tip' Adi kalpita hI haiN| una (sthAnI tathA prAdeza) meM (pANini Adi) RSiyoM ne sthAniyoM ('la' Adi) ke artha (sAkSAt apane) zabdoM ("laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH," pA0 3.4.69, Adi prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'vAcakA eva' / 2. hasta0 meM anuplbdh| 4. hasta0 'Adezatvam / prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'bhASyAt' pATha hai| uddha ta paMkti mahAbhASya meM nahIM miltii| ata: 'bhASyAt' kI apekSA 'bhASyanyAyAt' pATha adhika upayukta hai kyoMki mahAbhASya meM isa Azaya kA kathana vidyamAna hai (dra0 vyAkhyA) / sAtha hI sabhI hastalekhoM meM 'bhASyanyAyAt' pATha hI milatA hai / laghumaMjUSA meM bhI yahAM kebala 'nyAyAt' pATha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa sUtroM) dvArA kahe haiM / "sthAnI ke athaM ko kahane meM samartha (prAdeza) kI hI prAdezatA (mAnI jAtI) haiM' isa bhASya-pratipAdita nyAya ke AdhAra para, 'AdezoM ke to ve ve artha, (jo 'sthAnI' ke haiM), svataH hote haiN| isa prakAra "artha kI vAcakatA 'sthAnI' meM hai athavA 'yAdeza' meM' yaha vicAra karanA vyartha hai / kyoMki ('sthAnI' tathA 'Adeza') donoM meM hI kalpita vAcakatA hai (satya nahIM hai) / mukhya vAcakatA to kalpanA se bodhita ('prakRti' 'pratyaya' ke) samudAya rUpa pada tathA (padoM ke samudAya rUpa) vAkya meM hI hai / tatra zAstra-prakriyA nirvAhako varNa-sphoTa: kucha vidvAna 'pada-sphoTa' ko satya mAnate haiM tathA 'varNa-sphoTa' ko asatya mAnate haiM / parantu bhartRhari Adi pramukha vaiyAkaraNa kevala 'vAkya-sphoTa' ko hI satya mAnate haiM tathA pada-sphoTa' aura 'varNa-sphoTa' ina donoM ko hI asatya mAnate haiM / isa prakAra jahAM taka 'varNa-sphoTa' kA sambandha hai, use donoM hI asatya mAnate haiM / parantu asatya hote hue bhI, zabda-svarUpa ke jJAna tathA vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI prakriyA ke anusAra zabda kI siddhi athavA niSpatti ke liye hI, varNa-sphoTa kI kalpanA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| 'varaNa-sphoTa' kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki padoM meM 'prakRti pratyaya' Adi kA jo vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai ve varNa rUpa vibhAga athavA aMza bhI una una abhISTa arthoM ke bodhaka haiM / yahAM 'vaNaM-sphoTa' zabda meM vidyamAna 'varNa' pada kA artha hai padoM ke avayavabhUta 'prakRti pratyaya' prAdi / 'varNa-sphoTa' kI sthiti jisa prakAra kAlpanika hai usI prakAra upasagaM nipAta, dhAtu Adi kA vibhAga bhI sarvathA kAlpanika hai / na kevala itanA hI apitu 'lakAra' Adi sthAnI tathA unake sthAna para hone vAle 'tipa' Adi prAdeza, jo "lasya" (pA03.4.77) tathA tiptajhi0" (pA0 3.4.78) Adi sUtroM dvArA vihita haiM, sabhI kalpita hI haiM / vyAkaraNa zAstra meM zabdoM kI siddhi darzAne ke hetu ye prakRti, pratyaya, sthAnI, Adeza, Agama, lopa, vikaraNa Adi kI jo jo bAte haiM ve saba nirI kalpanAyeM haiMvidyArthiyoM ko zabdoM ke yathArtha svarUpa-jJAna karAne ke liye asatya upAya ke rUpa meM una sabakA aAviSkAra pANini aAdi RSiyoM ne kiyA hai| sthAninAM vAcakatvam AdezAnAM vA--'lakAra' ('laT', 'liT', 'loTa' Adi) jinheM 'sthAnI' kahA jAtA hai unheM vartamAna kAla' Adi arthoM kA vAcaka mAnA jAya athavA 'lakAroM ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'tip' Adi AdezoM ko una una athoM kA vAcaka mAnA jAya ? ina do pakSoM meM naiyAyikoM kA mata yaha hai ki 'lakAra' Adi 'sthAnI' hI vAcaka haiM--'tip' Adi 'prAdeza' vAcaka nahIM haiN| parantu vaiyAkaraNoM meM bhaTToji dIkSita tathA unake anuyAyI kauNDabhaTaTa kA mata yaha hai ki 'tip' Adi 'Adeza' hI vAcaka haiN| donoM taraha ke ina dArzanikoM ne apane apane matoM kI puSTi meM vividha yuktiyAM prastuta kI haiM jinheM vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa (pR0 458-68) tathA usakI TIkAnoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / isa viSaya meM Age 'dazalakArAdezArthaH' ke prakaraNa meM kucha vistAra se vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| naiyAyika vidvAnoM tathA bhaTToji dIkSita Adi ke dvArA calAye gaye isa vivAda kI aura hI nAgeza ne yahAM saMketa kiyA hai| nAgeza kI dRSTi meM isa prakAra ke vivAda sarvathA For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA niSphala haiM kyoMki vAstavika vAcakatA to ina donoM meM se kisI meM bhI nahIM hai-vaha to padasphoTa-vAdiyoM kI dRSTi se padoM tathA vAkyasphoTa-vAdiyoM kI dRSTi se kevala vAkyoM meM hI ho sakatI hai| nAgeza kI yahAM kI paMktiyoM se yaha artha nikalatA hai ki yadi vAcakatA mAnanI hI hai to 'sthAnI' kI hI mAnI jA sakatI hai 'Adeza' kI nahIM / kyoM ki 'la' Adi 'sthAniyoM' kI vAcakatA ko to pANini aAdi RSiyoM ne sAkSAt apane sUtroM dvArA svIkAra kiyA hai| jaise-pANini ne "laH karmaNi" sUtra meM yaha mAnA ki 'kartA; 'karma' tathA 'bhAva' ye 'sthAnI' (lakAra) ke artha haiM, 'tip' azIda AdezoM ke nhiiN| aura 'prAdeza' kA to apanA koI artha hotA hI nahIM kyoMki 'sthAnI' ke sthAna para vahI 'prAdeza' yA sakatA hai jo usa 'sthAnI' ke artha ko kahane meM samartha ho| isalie yadi artha kA kAlpanika vibhAga kiyA hI jAtA hai to 'sthAnI' ko arthavAn mAnanA cAhiye 'Adeza' ko nahIM / isa prakAra yahAM se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki nAgeza yahAM naiyAyikoM ke mata kA, ki 'sthAnI vAcaka hotA hai Adeza nahIM, kathaMcit samarthana kara rahaiM haiM, bhale hI vaha kAlpanika vAcakatA kI dRSTi se hI ho / parantu pAge, isa grantha ke 'dazalakArAdezArtha:' prakaraNa ke prArambha meM, saMbhavataH bhaTaToji dIkSita se prabhAvita hokara, nAgeza bhaTaTa ne lakAra ke sthAna meM AdezabhUta 'tiG' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnA hai tathA unake viSaya meM vicAra kiyA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki 'prAdeza' ke artho kA sthAnI' meM Aropa karake pANini ne 'vartamAne laT' (pA0 3.2.123) tathA 'laH karmaNi' (pA0 3.4.69) Adi sUtroM kI racanA kI, arthAt pANini 'sthAnI' ko artha kA vAcaka nahIM mAnate'Adeza' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiM / "sthAnyarthAbhidhAna-samarthasyaivAdezatA" iti bhASya-nyAyAt-pataMjali ke mahAbhASya meM isa prakAra ke kisI nyAya kA inhIM zabdoM meM kahIM kathana nahIM miltaa| itanA avazya hai ki "sthAne'ntaramaH" (pA0 1.1.48) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM 'sthAnI' ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'prAdeza' kI antaratamatA ko 'antarama' vacanaM cAziSyam / yogazcApyayam aziSyaH / kutaH ? svabhAva-siddhatvAd eva' (mahA0. bhA0 1 pR0 402) ina zabdoM dvArA svabhAva-siddha batAyA hai| saMbhavata: 'bhASya-nyAya' zabda se nAgeza kA tAtparya ina paMktiyoM se hI ho| uparyukta nyAya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prAdeza vahI ho sakatA hai jA"sthAnI' ke artha ko kahane meM sarvathA samartha ho / vastutaH pANini kA 'sthAne'ntaramaH" sUtra isa nyAya kA mUla mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa sUtra kA artha hai -"sthAnI, ke sthAna para antaratama arthAt sadRzatama 'Adeza' hotA hai"| yaha sadRzatamatA cAra dRSTiyoM se dekhI jA sakatI hai-sthAna, artha, guNa tathA pramANa (dra0 kAzikA 1.1.50) / ina cAroM meM 'artha' (abhiprAya) bhI vidyamAna hai| isaliye jo 'Adeza' 'sthAnI' ke artha ko kahane meM, 'sthAnI' ke samAna hI, samartha hogA, use hI 'Adeza' mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa kAraNa 'Adeza' 'sthAnI' ke artho ko hI kahate haiM-unakA apanA koI artha nahIM hotaa| __mukhyaM vAcakatvam...tata evArtha-bodhAt-naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra cAhe 'sthAnI' ko vAcaka mAnA jAya athavA, bhaTToji dIkSita Adi ke vicArAnusAra, 'Adeza' ko vAcaka For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 13 mAnA jAya--donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vaha vAcakatA satya yA vAstavika na hokara kalpita hI hai| vAstavika vAcakatA to 'padasphoTa' ko zabda-tattva mAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke mata meM pada meM rahA karatI hai na ki unake avayavabhUta 'sthAnI' yA 'prAdeza' meN| tathA anya bhartRhari Adi mUrdhanya vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM, jo ekamAtra 'vAkya-sphoTa' ko hI satya mAnate haiM aura 'padasphoTa' tathA 'varNa-sphoTa' donoM ko hI asatya mAnate haiM, kevala vAkya meM hI vAcakatA zakti rahatI hai| pada athavA padoM ke avayava 'sthAnI' yA 'Adeza' Adi meM to kalpita athavA asatya vAcakatA hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ke bhI do varga haiM-eka 'padasphoTa' ko satya mAnatA hai to dUsarA kevala 'vAkyasphoTa' ko hI artha kA bodhaka mAnatA hai| ina donoM matoM kA nirdeza kayaTa tathA nAgeza ne mahAbhASya ke paspazAhnika kI TIkA meM bar3e spaSTa rUpa se nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai :-anye varNa-vyatirikta pada-sphoTama icchanti / vAkyasphoTam apare saMgirante (prdiip)| 'anye vaiyAkaraNaH / 'apare'- ta eva mukhyAH / pade varNanAm iva vAkye padAnAM kalpitatvAt / teSAm arthavatvam api kAlpanikam -- iti vAkyasyaiva zabdatvam iti tad-bhAvaH (udyota, mahA0, bhAga 1, pR0 46) / bhaTToji dIkSita ne bhI-vAkya-sphoTo'tiniSkarSe tiSThatIti mata-sthitiH (vaibhUsA, pR0 457 para uddhRta) isa kArikAMza meM ekamAtra 'vAkya-sphoTa' kI satyatA ko hI prati-pAdita kiyA hai| [vyAkaraNa-bheda se 'sthAnI' prAdi ke bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI zabda se artha kA bodha hone meM koI kSati nahIM hotI] "upeyapratipattyarthA upAyA avyavasthitAH" (vaibhUsA0 kArikA saM0 68) iti nyAyena vyAkaraNabhedena sthAni bhede'pi na kSatiH, dezabhedena lipibhedavad iti dik / 'jJAtavya ke jJAna ke liye upAya anizcita hote haiM" isa nyAya ke anusAra jisa prakAra sthAna, deza Adi ke bhinna hone se lipi ke bhinna hone para bhI artha-pratipAdana meM koI kSati nahIM hotI usI prakAra, vyAkaraNa ke bheda se 'sthAnI' ke bhinna hone para bhI (artha-bodhana meM) koI kSati nahIM hotii| yahAM nAgeza ne jisa kArikA kA uttarArdha uddha ta kiyA hai vaha pUrI kArikA nimna rUpa meM hai : "paMcakozAdivat tasmAt kalpanaiSA samAzritA / upeya-pratipattyarthA upAyA avyavasthitAH // (vabhUsA0, kA0 saM0 68) isa kArikA meM taittirIyopaniSad kI brahmAnanda vallI (anuvAka 2-5) meM variNata paMcakozoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ye pAMca koza haiM:-annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya tathA Anandamaya / ina kozoM kI kramika sAdhanA se Atmatattva kI siddhi hotI hai| yahAM pratyeka koza ko, jo vastutaH brahma nahIM hai, brahma kaha kara usakI vyAkhyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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14 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kI gayI hai| ina kozoM meM pUrva pUrva kI apekSA bAda bAda vAlA koza zreSThatara eva sUkSmatara hai / sAdhaka kI sAdhanA annamaya koza se prArambha hotI hai aura prAnandamaya koza para usakI niSpatti hotI hai| Anandamaya koza kI anubhUti se sAdhaka brahma-jJAnI ho jAtA hai| koNDa bhaTaTa ne apane vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM tathA zrIkRSNa ne apanI sphoTa-candrikA meM brahma ke rUpa meM kalpita ina pAMca kozoM kI vistRta tulanA pA~ca prakAra ke kalpita sphoToM--'varNa-sphoTa,' 'pada-sphoTa', 'vAkya-sphoTa', 'akhaNDa-pada-vAkya-sphoTa' tathA 'jAtisphoTa'-se kI hai| ina vidvAnoM ke anusAra ina sphoToM meM bhI uttarotara sphoTa zreSThatara evaM sUkSmatara hai| isa prakAra 'varNa-sphoTa' kI tulanA annamaya koza se, pada-sphoTa' kI prANamaya koza se, 'bAkya-sphoTa' kI manomaya koza se kI gayI hai| 'sakhaNDa-vAkya-sphoTa' kI apekSA 'akhaNDa-vAkya-sphoTa' ko sUkSmatara evaM zreSThatara mAnate hue use vijJAnamaya koza kI samakakSatA meM, tathA antima 'jAti-sphoTa' ko 'akhaNDa-vAkya-sphoTa' se bhI sUkSmatara evaM zreSThatara mAnate hue use Anandamaya koza kI tulanA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa rUpa meM, jAti-vAkya-sphoTa ko antima sopAna mAnate hue usake jJAna se nitya, anAdi-nidhana, evaM akSara zabda-brahma kA anubhava hotA hai tathA isa prakAra kA sAkSAt jJAna hotA hai ki yaha saba brahmANDa usI sUkSmAtisUkSma zabba brahma kA syUla zarIra athavA rUpa hai / ima parama sUkSma tattva zabda-brahma ke atirikta bhartRhari aAdi zabdamanISI vaiyAkaraNa kisI bhI anya tattva ko vAstavika athavA paramArtha bhUta tattva nahIM mAnate / taittirIyopaniSad ke RSi ne bhI prAnandamaya koza se siddha hone vAle brahma ko hI ekamAtra para brahma athavA antima tattva mAnA hai| to jisa prakAra taittirIyopaniSad meM vAstavika brahma ke jJApana ke liye bhRgu ke pitA vAruNi ne bhRgu ko brahma kA upadeza karate hue uparinirdiSTa pA~ca kozoM ko, jo paramArthataH brahma nahIM the, brahma-jJAna ke upAya ke rUpa meM unheM brahma batAte hue unakA upadeza kiyA, usI prakAra zabdoM kA anuzAsana karate hue pANini ne akhaNDa-nitya-sphoTa-rUpa pada athavA vAkya kI vAcakatA ke upapAdana evaM jJApana ke liye upAya ke rUpa meM ina 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' Adi kI tathA unakI vAcakatA kI asatya kalpanA kA upadeza kiyA yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'varNa-sphoTa' Adi kI kalpanA ko svIkAra kiyaa| isIliye bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM pUre vyAkaraNa-zAstra ko hI asatya evaM upAya mAtra tathA avidyA ghoSita kiyA hai / draSTavya :--- zAstreSu prakriyA-bhedair avidya vopavaNaryate / (vApa0 2.233) upAyAH zikSamAraNAnAM bAlAnAm upalAlanAH / asatye varmani sthitvA tataH satyaM samIhate // (vApa0 2.238) upAyA avyavasthitA:-upAya (sAdhana mAtra) upeya (sAdhya) kI prApti ke liye hotA hai isa kAraNa pAtra, sthAna, prasaMga, viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se alaga alaga upAyoM kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki nizcita rUpa se eka hI upAya apanAyA jaay| dUsare zabdoM meM upAya avyavasthita haiM, aniyata For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 15 haiM, arthAt unake viSaya meM koI niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / yaha bhI dhyAna rahe ki upeya athavA sAdhya kI prApti ho jAne para ina upAyoM kA koI mahattva nahIM rahatA-ve heya' ho jAte haiM / draSTavya--- upAdAyApi ye heyAs tAn upAyAn pracakSate / upAyAnAM ca niyamo nAvazyam pravatiSThate // vApa0 2.38 / dhyAkaraNa-bhedena sthAni-bhede'pi na kSatiH-~-yahA~ granthakAra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadyapi 'akhaNDa-vAkya sphoTa' yA 'pada-sphoTa' hI artha kA vAcaka hai, parantu unake ThIka-ThIka svarUpa ke jJAna ke liye usameM 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' rUpa avayavoM tathA unake arthoM kI kalpanA ko upAya ke rUpa meM, vyAkaraNa zAstra meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| upAya upeya (jJAtavya) ke jJApana ke liye apanAyA jAtA hai, isaliye jisa bhI upAya se upeya kA bodhana yA jJApana ho sake, use apanAyA jA sakatA hai| ataH upAya niyata yA vyavasthita nahIM huA krte| isIliye bhinna-bhinna vyAkaraNoM meM bhinna-bhinna aMzoM ko sthAnI mAnane se zabda yA artha ke anvAkhyAna meM ThIka usI prakAra koI antara nahIM par3atA jisa prakAra bhinnabhinna prAntoM yA dezoM meM bhinna-bhinna lipi apanAyI jAtI hai parantu usase artha-jJAna meM koI antara nahIM aataa| kyoMki lipi to arthAbhivyakti kA eka upAyamAtra hai, isaliye koI bhI lipi apanAI jA sakatI hai| isI rUpa meM 'la' Adi sthAnI kI kalpanA bhI 'paThati' Adi zabdArthasvarUpa ke nizcita jJAna kA eka upAyamAtra hai / isa kAraNa kisI bhI rUpa meM sthAnI Adi kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| ___vyAkaraNa-bheda se 'sthAnI' Adi kI bhinnatA bahuta svAbhAvika hai / yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki eka vyAkaraNa ke eka sampradAya meM nirdhArita 'sthAnI' tathA 'Adeza' Adi kI prakriyA ko vyAkaraNa ke anya sampradAya vAle bhI mAna leN| udAharaNa ke liye prAcArya pANini ke vyAkaraNa meM "aste bhUH" (pA0 2.4.52) sUtra hai jisameM 'as' dhAtu ko sthAnI mAnA gayA tathA 'bhU' ko usake sthAna para 'Adeza' mAnA gyaa| yaha kalpanA 'as' ke 'bhavitA' 'bhavitum' ityAdi rUpoM kI siddhi ke liye kI gyii| parantu prApizali ke vyAkaraNa meM isake viparIta 'bhU' ko 'sthAnI' tathA 'as' ko usake sthAna para 'Adeza' mAnA gayA thA yaha kalpanA saMbhavataH 'pAsIt', prAstAm 'pAsan' Adi prayogoM kI siddhi ke liye kI gayI thii| parantu cAhe 'asa' ko 'sthAnI' mAnA jAya athavA 'bhU' ko 'sthAnI' mAnA jAya, prayogoM ke artha meM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| . [prAptoM ke dvArA upadiSTa zabda ko bhI pramANa koTi meM mAnA gayA hai] tatra pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAH pramAraNAni (nyAya sUtra 1.1.3) iti gautamasUtre / zabdazca prAptopadezarUpaH pramAraNam / 'prApto' nAma anubhavena vastutattvasya kAtsnyena nizcayavAn / rAgAdivazAd api nAnyathavAdI yaH saH iti carake pataJjaliH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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16 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA "pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna tathA zabda (ye) pramANa haiM" (nyAyasUtra ke praNetA gautama RSi) ke isa sUtra meM prAptopadeza rUpa zabda ko pramANa (yathArthajJAna kA bodhaka) mAnA gayA hai| tathA 'prApta' vaha hai "jise apane anubhava ke aAdhAra para, vastutattva kA pUrNarUpeNa nizcayAtmaka jJAna ho / jo rAga yA dvaSa Adi ke kAraNa bhI asatya bhASaNa karane vAlA na ho, vaha prApta hai'' aisA caraka (zAstra) meM pataJjali ne kahA hai| nyAya darzana ke uparyukta sUtra meM cAra pramANa mAne gaye haiM, jinase mAnava ko arthajJAna hotA hai| ina cAroM meM antima pramANa 'zabda' hai / zabda kI paribhASA karate hue nyAya darzana meM kahA gayA-prAptopadezaH zabdaH (nyAya sU0 1.1.7) arthAt prApta vyakti ke dvArA upadiSTa yA kathita zabda hI vastutaH zabda hai| aisA zabda hI pramANa-koTi meM A sakatA hai| prApto nAma . . . . . 'nizcayavAn--'prApta' kise mAnA jAya isa prazna ke uttara meM prAptopadezaH zabdaH isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue, bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne kahA hai-prApto nAma yathAdRSTasya arthasya cikhyApayiSayA prayukta upadeSTA / tasya zabdaH / arthAt jisa vastu yA tathya ko jisa rUpa meM sunA yA dekhA jAya, use usI rUpa meM prakaTa karane kI abhilASA se prerita vyakti prApta' hai| prApto nAma anubhavena vastutattvasya kAtsnye na nizcayavAn yaha prApta kI paribhASA adhika upayukta paribhASA hai / jisa vyakti ne vastu Adi ke svarUpa kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha nizcita jJAna prApta kara liyA hai-use usa viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA sandeha nahIM hai - vaha vyakti hI 'prApta' mAnA jA sakatA hai| vastuta: vAtsyAyana tathA nAgeza ke ye donoM kathana milakara prApta kI eka pUrI paribhASA banAte haiN| parantu sampUrNatA ke sAtha artha ke nizcita jJAna kI sthiti bhI sApekSika hI mAnanI hogI arthAt anya vyaktiyoM kI apekSA jise adhika jJAna ho, vaha 'prApta' hai| anyathA, mAnava kA jJAna deza tathA kAla kI sImAoM se paricchinna hai-vaha alpajJa haiisaliye, koI bhI vyakti 'prApta' nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAgAvivazA'.. pataJjaliH-'prApta' kI yaha paribhASA bhI usake eka viziSTa svarUpa ko prastuta karatI hai aura vaha yaha hai ki usI vyakti kA kathana prAmANika mAnA jAyegA, jo rAgadveSa Adi se sarvathA Upara uTha kara, athavA niSpakSa hokara, apanA vaktavya de| isI bAta ko vAtsyAyana ne yathAdRSTasya arthasya cilyApayiSayA prayuktaH kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai, arthAt jisa vastu ko jaisA dekhA use usI rUpa meM pragaTa karanA--kisI prakAra ke rAga, dveSa meM par3akara pakSapAta-pUrNa bhASaNa na karanA-yaha bhI prApta puruSa kI eka vizeSatA hai / nAgeza ne yahAM iti carake pataJjaliH kahakara yaha pragaTa kiyA ki 'caraka' meM pataJjali ne prApta kI yaha paribhASA dI hai / vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-ladhu- maJjUSA ke 'taddhitavRtti-nirupaNa' meM bhI eka sthala para nAgeza ne kahA hai-carake pataJjalirapyAha (pR0 1523) tathA isI prakAra isI pustaka meM 'paramArthasAra' nAmaka grantha ko bhI nAgeza ne pataJjali-viracita mAnA hai - paramArthasAre pataJjalirAha (lama0, pR0 1524) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 17 Aja ke aitihAsika vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki caraka zAstra yA saMhitA kA mUla nAma 'Atreya-saMhitA' hai tathA Atreya punarvasu usake kartA haiM / Atreya ne agniveza ko Ayurveda kA upadeza diyA thaa| isa saMhitA kA prathama saMskaraNa caraka ne tathA dUsarA saMskaraNa dRDhabala ne kiyA / Atreya saMhitA kA pratisaMskaraNa karane vAle caraka zeSa ke avatAra samajhe jAte the| caraka zAkhA se sambaddha kisI vidvAn ne prAtreya saMhitA kA pratisaMskAra kiyA, isa kAraNa agniveza' nAma gauNa par3a gayA tathA caraka ke nAma se yaha saMhitA prasiddha ho gii| yaha saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki pataJjali hI ve caraka gotrIya vidvAn haiM, jinhoMne pahale Atreya saMhitA kA pratisaMskaraNa kiyA aura bAda meM mahAbhASya kI racanA kii| dra0 ----pataJjalikAlIna bhArata (pR0 51-52) / yahA~ caraka ke nAma se uddhRta paMkti caraka ke saMskaraNoM meM nahIM mila sakI, parantu caraka ke sUtrasthAna ke tisraSaNIya adhyAya meM nimna do zloka milate haiM, jinameM prApta kI vistRta paribhASA dI gaI hai ---- rajastamobhyAM nimuktAs tapojJAnabalena vai / yeSAM traikAlam amalaM jJAnam avyAhataM sadA / prAptAH ziSTA vibuddhAs te teSAM vAkyam asaMzayam / satyaM vakSyanti te kasmAd asatyaM nIrajastamAH // (a0 11, sU0 16) [zAbda-bodha meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke svarUpa kA pradarzana tad-dharmAvacchinna-viSayaka-zAbda-buddhitvAvacchinnaM prati taddharmAvacchinna-nirUpita-vRtti-viziSTa-jJAnaM hetuH / ata eva nAgRhItavRttikasya zAbda-bodhaH / ata eva ca na hi 'guDa' ityukte madhuratvaM prakAratayA gamyate iti "samartha0"sUtra-bhASyaM saMgacchate / 'guDa' prAdi-zabdena 'guDatvajAtyavacchinno guDapada-vAcyaH' ityeva bodho jAtiprakArakaH / madhuratvaM tu 'guDo madhura aikSavatvAt' ityanumAnarUpa mAnAntaragamyam / usa dharma (ghaTatva Adi) se avacchinna ('ghaTa' Adi) ke dvArA nirUpita jo vRtti' usase viziSTa (ghaTa zabda kA) jJAna usa dharma (ghaTatva Adi) se viziSTa vastu (ghaTa Adi) ke zAbdabodha meM kAraNa banatA hai / isIliye jisa vyakti ko usa zabda kI 'vRtti' kA jJAna nahIM hai use (usa zabda ke uccarita hone para bhI) zAbdabodha nahIM hotA aura isI kAraNa "guDa:' isa zabda ke kahane para madhuratA kA jJAna vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA"--yaha samarthaH pada-vidhiH (pA0 2.1.1) sUtra kA bhASya (bhASya meM kathita aMza) susaMgata ho jAtA hai| (kyoMki) 1. tulanA karo-mahA 0 2.1.1, pR0 52, na hi guDa ityukte madhuratvaM gamyate / For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjhUSA 'guDaH' Adi zabdoM se, guDatva dharma se viziSTa 'guDa' pada kA jo vAcyArtha hai, usI kA bodha hotA hai jisameM guDatva' rUpa jAti kA jJAna vizeSaNa banatA hai| ('guDaH' kahane para) madhuratA kA jJAna to, "ganne ke rasa se bane hone ke kAraNa gur3a mIThA hai (jo vastu ganne ke rasa se banI hogI vaha mIThI hogI)" isa 'anumAna'-rUpa dUsare pramANa se bodhya hai / zabda se prakaTa hone vAle jJAna athavA bodha ko 'zAbdabodha' kahA jAtA hai| zAbdabodha meM uccAryamANa sArthaka zabda kAraNa hai tathA usase abhivya jyamAna artha kArya hai| parantu isa 'kArya-kAraNabhAva' ko naiyAyikoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM pariSkRta karake upara nAgeza ne prastuta kiyA hai| kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI isa paribhASA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisI zabda ke prayoga ke bAda zrotA ko usase jo artha kI pratIti hotI hai usameM do avAntara kAraNa hote haiM / eka to zrotA ko usa zabda kA jJAna ho, (arthAt uccarita zabda kA use spaSTa zravaNa ho jAya) tathA dUsarA usa zabda kI, ghaTa paTa Adi viSayaka, vRtti kA bhI zrotA ko jJAna ho / use yaha patA ho ki vaktA ne isa zabda kA prayoga usa ghaTa yA paTa viSayaka 'vRtti' ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kiyA hai, arthAt isa zabda ke abhidheya, lakSya tathA vyaMgya arthoM meM kauna sA artha pragaTa karanA vaktA ko abhISTa hai isakA zrotA ko spaSTa bodha ho| 'vRtti'-zabda jisa vyApAra dvArA apane artha kA bodha karAtA hai use yahA~ 'vRtti' kahA gayA hai| yaha tIna taraha kI hai--abhidhA, lakSaNA tathA vyaMjanA / ina vRttiyoM ke dvArA prakaTa hone vAle arthoM ko kramazaH abhidheya, lakSya tathA vyaMgya kahA jAtA hai| ina 'vRttiyoM' ke viSaya meM Age vistAra se vicAra kiyA jAyagA / taddharmAvacchinna.... zAbdabuddhitvAvacchinnam - isa aMza meM kArya arthAt 'zAbdabodha' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / zabda se jisa artha kA bodha hotA hai use 'zAbdabuddhi' athavA 'zAbdabodha' kahA jAtA hai| isa 'zAbdabuddhi' meM zAbdabuddhitva dharma rahatA hai / isalie 'zAbdabuddhitvAvacchinnam' kA abhiprAya hai zAbdabuddhitva dharma se viziSTa arthAt 'zAbdabuddhi' / yaha 'zAbdabuddhi' kisI na kisI vastu athavA vyakti ke viSaya meM hogI aura vaha vastu athavA vyakti apane meM samaveta usa usa dharma se sambaddha hogaa| udAharaNa ke liye ghaTa-padArtha-viSayaka 'zAbdabuddhi' meM ghaTa padArtha 'ghaTatva' rUpa dharma se avacchinna hogA tathA paTa-padArtha-viSayaka 'zAbdabuddhi' meM paTa padArtha paTatva rUpa dharma se avacchinna (viziSTa) hogA / isa prakAra 'usa usa ghaTatva paTatva Adi dharma se viziSTa 'zAbdabuddhi' yaha kArya kA svarUpa huaa| spaSTatA ke liye 'tat' pada kA artha 'ghaTa' kara liyA jAye to 'taddharma' kA artha huaA 'ghaTa kA dharma arthAt ghaTatva' / 'taddharmAvacchinna' kA artha huA 'ghaTatva dharma se viziSTa arthAt 'ghaTa', tathA 'taddharmAvacchinna-viSayaka' kA artha hai 'ghtt-vissyk'| pUre aMza kA abhiprAya hai- 'ghaTatva dharma se viziSTa jo ghaTa padArtha usa viSayaka zAbdabuddhi (zAbdabodha)' / jisa padArtha athavA vastu-viSayaka zAbda bodha hogA usa padArtha athavA vastu meM usakA apanA dharma hogA hii| isaliye usI usI ghaTatva, paTatva Adi dharma se padArtha ko yahAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 16 avacchinna (viziSTa) kahA gayA hai| ina dharmoM ko yahAM padArtha kA vizeSaNa athavA nyAya kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM, 'prakAra' kahA gayA hai / taddharmAvacchinna...."hetuH--isa aMza meM 'zAbdabuddhi' rUpa kArya ke kAraNa kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / isa kAraNa' ke svarUpa meM uccarita zabda kA jJAna tathA usa zabda kI abhISTa padArtha athavA dravya viSayaka bRtti kA jJAna ina donoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kisI bhI zAbdabodha meM ye donoM anivArya tattva haiM / zrotA ne uccarita zabda ko yadi spaSTataH nahIM sunA hai-use nahIM jAnA hai to usa zabda kI 'vRtti' kA bodha hone para bhI, usa azru ta athavA ajJAta zabda se use artha kA bodha nahIM hogaa| isI prakAra uccarita zabda ko suna lene ke bAda bhI yadi usa zabda kI 'vRtti', arthAt abhISTa abhiprAya kA bodha karAne vAle abhidhA, lakSaNa tathA vyaMjanA Adi vyApAroM, kA bodha zrotA ko nahIM hai to bhI usa zrata zabda se artha kA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| yahAM bhI spaSTatA kI dRSTi se, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, 'tat' kA artha ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha kiyA jA sakatA hai / aba 'tad-dharma' kA artha hai una una padArthoM meM rahane vAle ghaTatva, paTatva Adi dharma / isa prakAra 'tad-dharmAvicchinna' kA artha hai-una una-ghaTatva Adi dharmoM se avacchina (viziSTa) ghaTa paTa Adi padArtha / 'nirUpita' kA artha 'viSayaka' yA 'sambaddha' kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa rUpa meM 'tad-dharmAvacchina-nirUpita-vRtti' kA artha huA una una ghaTatva, paTatva Adi dharmoM se viziSTa jo ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha unase sambaddha athavA una una ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha-viSayaka jo 'vRtti' / jaise-'ghaTa' zabda kI vRtti ghaTa padArtha se sambaddha hai athavA ghaTa-padArtha-viSayaka hai aura ghaTa padArtha ghaTatva dharma se avacchinna hai| isaliye isako 'ghaTatvAvicchinna-nirUpita-vRtti' kahA jAyagA / isI prakAra 'paTa' zabda kI vRtti paTa padArtha se sambaddha hai athavA paTa-padArtha-viSayaka hai aura paTa padArtha paTatva dharma se avacchinna (viziSTa) hai / isa dRSTi se yahAM 'vRtti' ko 'tad-dharmavicchinna-nirUpita' isa vizeSaNa se vizeSita kiyA gayA / sarala zabdoM meM ghaTa-padArtha-viSayaka zAbdabodha ke prati 'ghaTa' zabda tathA usakI, ghaTapadArtha se sambaddha, 'vRtti' kA jJAna kAraNa hai| isI taraha paTa Adi sabhI padArthoM ke zAbdabodha meM kAryakAraNabhAva kI sthiti samajhanI cAhiye / yahAM yaha bAta spaSTa kara dI gaI hai ki jisa dharma se viziSTa vRtti vAle zabda kA jJAna hogA usI dharma se viziSTa padArtha kA hI zAbdabodha hogA, anya dharma se viziSTa padArtha kA zAbdabodha nahIM hogA (dra0-yad-dharma-prakAraka-vRtti-jJAnaM tad-dharma-prakAraka eva bodhaH (palama0, jyotsnA TIkA, pR0 27) / parantu zabda kA jJAna tathA usameM rahane vAlI vRtti kA jJAna ina donoM ko yadi svatantra rUpa se pRthaka-pRthak zAbdabodha kA kAraNa mAnA jAya, jaisA ki naiyAyika vidvAna mAnate haiM, to anAvazyaka gaurava (vistAra) hogaa| ata: vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn vRttiviziSTa zabda ke jJAna ko artha-pratIti athavA zAbdabodha meM kAraNa mAnate haiM / isa rUpa meM kevala eka hI kAraNa kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai-do kAraNoM kI nahIM -yaha lAghava hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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20 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki kArya aMza tathA kAraNa aMza donoM meM 'dharma' (ghaTatvAdi) pada ke saMyojana se donoM ke svarUpa ko prativyApti doSa se mukta kara diyA gayA hai / isa 'dharma' pada ke prayoga se kArya-kAraNa kA pUrA svarUpa isa prakAra hogA - 'ghaTatva rUpa dharma se viziSTa ghaTa-padArtha-viSayaka zAbdabodha rUpa kArya ke prati usI ghaTatva rUpa dharma se viziSTa jo ghaTa padArtha usa viSaya vAlI athavA usase sambaddha 'vRtti' kA jJAna kAraNa hai / ina donoM 'dharma' padoM ke vizeSa prayojana kA ullekha isI prasaMga meM Age kiyA jAyagA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prakAratA - 'prakAra' kA abhiprAya hai 'vizeSaNa / ataH 'prakAratA' kA abhiprAya huA vizeSaNatA / pratyeka ' zAbdabodha' meM 'prakAratA' (vizeSaraNatA ) tathA vizeSyatA ye donoM rUpa pAye jAte haiM / jaise-- 'gau' kahane para 'gau' vyakti kA jo bodha hotA hai usameM 'gotva' rUpa dharma athavA 'jAti' vizeSaraNa ( ' prakAra ) hai tathA 'gau' vyakti ( padArtha yA dravya ) vizeSya hai / arthAt 'gau' kahane para isa zabda se gotva jAti se viziSTa ( avacchinna) 'gau' vyakti kA bodha hotA hai / isI prakAra ' azva:' kahane para 'azvatva' dharma yA jAti kA jJAna 'prakAratA' ke rUpa meM hotA hai tathA 'azva' vyakti kA bodha vizeSyatA ke rUpa meM hotA hai zrataeva ca . jAti-prakAraka:- Upara kI vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa hai ki jisa ghaTatva yA paTatva Adi dharma se viziSTa 'ghaTa' 'paTa' pada-viSayaka vRtti vAle zabdoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai usase usI ghaTatva, paTatva Adi dharma se viziSTa ghaTa, paTa padArtha kA bodha hotA hai / isa bodha meM jAti 'prakAra' hai tathA padArtha ( dravya ) vizeSya / isa vyAkhyA kI se hI mahAbhASya kA yaha kathana susaMgata hotA hai ki jaba 'guDa : ' pada kA prayoga kiyA jAyagA to usase hone vAle bodha meM 'guDatva' rUpa dharma ' prakAra' (vizeSaNa) banegA tathA guDa padArtha vizeSya hogA, arthAt guDatva - viziSTa guDa padArtha kA bodha hogA / isa rUpa meM 'guDa : ' pada kA vAcya artha, arthAt vizeSya rUpa guDa padArtha ( dravya), 'guDatva' jAti rUpa prakAratA se avacchinna (viziSTa) hai| isa bodha ko 'jAtiprakArakaH' kahA jAtA hai, arthAt isa 'zAbda- bodha' meM jAti athavA dharma ' prakAra' (vizeSaNa) hai - jAtiH prakAro yasmin sa jAti prakArako bodhaH / madhuratvaM gamyam - yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA haiM ki yadi zAbdabodha meM, padArtha meM samaveta, jAti athavA dharma hI vizeSaraNa banatA hai, yA udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'guDa : ' pada ke prayoga se guDatva jAti se viziSTa guDa padArtha kA hI bodha hotA hai, to, 'guDa : ' pada ke prayoga ke uparAnta zrotA ko madhuratA rUpa dharma kI, jo guDa padArtha meM samaveta jAti nahIM hai, pratIti kyoM hotI hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai ki 'guDaH' kahane para madhuratA kA jJAna 'prakAra' athavA vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kabhI nahIM hotA - yahAM to 'guDatva' jAti hI vizeSaraNa ( ' prakAra ' ) banegI / parantu 'guDa' pada ke prayoga se madhuratA rUpa dharma kI jo pratIti hotI hai usakA AdhAra to anumAna pramANa hai / yaha anumAna isa prakAra kiyA gayA ki guDa ikSu-rasa-nirmita hotA hai isa kAraNa vaha madhura hai, jo bhI ikSu-rasa-nirmita hogA For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 21. vaha madhura hogA guDo madhura aikSavatvAt / yad yad ikSu-rasa-nirmitaM tat tan madhuram / yathA shrkraadyH| zAbda-bodha meM jAti athavA dharma ko vizeSaNa athavA 'prakAra' banAne ke liye hI kArya aMza meM Upara 'tat' pada ke sAtha 'dharma' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA / isaliye jaba kabhI 'guDaH' kahA jAyagA to 'guDaH' pada tathA usakI guDa-padArtha-viSayaka vRtti ko jAnane vAle zrotA ko guDatvAvacchinna guDapadArtha viSayaka hI zAbdabodha hogA, kyoMki kAryakAraNabhAva kA yahI svarUpa nizcita kiyA gayA hai / hAM 'madhuraH' zabda kA prayoga karane para avazya zrotA ko madhuratva dharma se viziSTa madhura guNa kA bodha hogA-yahAM isa bodha meM 'madhuratA' ko 'prakAra' mAnA jaaygaa| naiyAyikoM ne zAbdabodha ko 'phala', pada ke jJAna ko 'karaNa', zabda ke artha kI smRti ko 'dvAra' tathA zabda kI vRtti ke jJAna ko 'sahakArI kAraNa' kahA hai / draSTavya--- pada-jJAnaM tu karaNaM, dvAraM tatra padArtha-dhIH / zAndabodhaH phalaM tatra, zakti-dhIH sahakAriNI // (bhASA-pariccheda, kA0 saM0 81) ['zAgda-bodha' viSayaka kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke pradarzana-vAkya meM prathama 'tad-dharmAvacchinna' pada kA prayojana vizeSya-vizeSaNa-bhAva-vyatyAsena gRhIta-zaktikasya puso ghaTa-padAd ghaTatva-viziSTa-ghaTa -bodhavAraNAya 'tad-dharmA. vicchinna' iti / (ghaTa' pada ghaTa-viziSTa ghaTatva kA bodhaka hai isa prakAra ke) vizeSyavizeSaNa-bhAva ke viparyaya se zakti kA jise jJAna hai aise (bhrAnta) vyakti ko 'ghaTa' pada se ghaTatva-viziSTa ghaTa kA bodha na ho jAya isaliye 'tad-dharmAvacchinna' yaha aMza hai| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, 'ghaTa' pada se jo zAbda-bodha hogA usameM ghaTatva vizeSaNa tathA ghaTa vizeSya hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'ghaTa' pada se ghaTatva jAti se viziSTa ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai| yahI nirdhAnta jJAna hai / parantu jo vyakti bhrama-vaza yaha jAne baiThA hai ki 'ghaTa' pada se ghaTa-viziSTa ghaTatva kA bodha hotA hai use to 'ghaTa' pada se vaisA hI ulaTA bodha hogA-arthAt ghaTatva-viziSTa ghaTa kA bodha na hokara ghaTa-viziSTa ghaTatva kA bodha hI hogaa| kyoMki jisa dharma se viziSTa zabda vAlI 'vRtti' kA jise jJAna hogA use usI dharma se viziSTa zAbda-bodha bhI hogaa| parantu yadi Upara ke, zAbda-bodha ke kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke pradarzaka, vAkya ke kArya aMza meM se (prathama) 'tad-dharmAvacchinna' pada haTA diyA jAya to niyama kA rUpa hogA-- zAbda-buddhitvAvacchinnaM prati tad-dharmAvacchinna-nirUpita-vRtti-viziSTa-jJAnaM hetuH, 1. nisa0, kAprazu0 meM 'ghaTa' pada nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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22 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA arthAt usa dharma se viziSTa jo zabda tat-sambaddha 'vRtti' kA jJAna zAbda-bodha meM kAraNa banatA hai / yahAM yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jisa dharma se viziSTa 'vRtti' kA jJAna huA hai usI dharma se viziSTa zAbda - bodha bhI ho| isaliye uparyukta niyama ke isa rUpa ko mAnane para isa bhrAnta vyakti ko, ghaTa pada se 'ghaTa - viziSTa ghaTatva' isa bhrAnta bodha ke samAna hI ghaTatva - viziSTa ghaTa' isa nirbhrAnta artha kA bhI bodha honA cAhiye / parantu yaha bAda vAlA nirbhrAnta jJAna usa bhrAnta vyakti ko nahIM huA karatA / isaliye usa anabhISTa sthiti ke nivAraNa ke liye yahA~ prathama 'taddharmAvacchinna' pada rakhA gayA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [ zAbda jJAna meM vRtti-kRta vizeSatA ke viSaya meM do prakAra ke sambandhoM kA, dvitIya 'tadu dharmAvacchinna' pada ke prayojana kA tathA zAbda-bodha-viSayaka kArya-kAraNa-bhAva-rUpa niyama ke vividha prayojanoM kA kathana ] jJAne vRtti-vaiziSTyaM ca 'sva-viSayako buddha-saMskArasamAnAdhikaraNya' - 'svAzraya-pada-viSayakatva' - ubhaya-sambandhena bodhyam / to nAgRhIta- vRttikasya nApi tat-padam ajAnataH, nApi ghaTa-padA' zrayatvenopasthitAkAzasya, nApi janakatayopasthita - caitrAdezca bodhaH / aura (pada ke ) jJAna meM vRtti-kRta vizeSatA do sambandhoM se hoto hai / pahalA vRtti ( sva ) - viSayaka jo jAgRta saMskAra tathA pada-jJAna ina donoM kA eka adhikaraNa (pada rUpa zrAzraya) meM honA / dUsarA 'vRtti' (sva) kA Azraya-bhUta jo pada, usa (pada) ke viSaya meM jJAna kA honA / isaliye jise 'vRtti' kA jJAna nahIM hai, athavA jo 'vRtti' ko jAnakara bhI bhUla gayA hai usa (vyakti) ko ( usa 'vRtti' se sambaddha zabda se ) artha- jJAna nahIM hotA / aura nahIM usa pada ko na jAnane vAle (vyakti) ko artha jJAna hotA hai / 'ghaTa' pada ke prazraya ke rUpa meM upasthita prakAza kA bhI bodha ('ghaTa' pada se) nahIM hotA aura na, 'ghaTa' zabda ke uccAraNakarttA ke rUpa meM upasthita, caitra Adi ( kisI AdamI) kA bodha (hI 'ghaTa' zabda se ) hotA hai / 'vRtti - viziSTa - pada-jJAna' ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue granthakAra ne yahAM yaha kahA ki pada-jJAna meM vRtti kA jJAna nimna do prakAra sambandhoM se rahanA cAhiye / ta yaha hai ki zrotA ko jisa pada kA jJAna huA hai usI pada-viSayaka vRttijJAna ke saMskAroM kA udbodhana athavA smaraNa bhI use honA caahiye| yaha huA prathama-sva-viSayako buddha-saMskAra-samAnAdhikaraNya' - sambandha / yahAM 'vRtti' tathA 'pada' donoM ke jJAna kA adhikararaNa athavA zrAzrama eka hI haiM aura vaha hai jJAta pada / dUsarI Avazyaka bAta yaha hai ki usa 'vRtti' ke prAzrayabhUta pada kA hI jJAna usa pada-viSayaka zAbda-vodha ke liye Avazyaka hai, anya kisI pada kA nahIM / ise dvitIya - 1. ha0 -- ghaTapadAd / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa svAzraya-pada-viSayakatva'-sambandha kahA gayA hai / 'sva' pada kA artha donoM hI sthaloM meM 'vRtti' hai| ina do sambandhoM meM se prathama sva-viSayakobuddha-saMskAra-sAmAnAdhikaraNya sambandha kA honA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki usa vyakti ko zAbda-bodha nahIM hotA jise zabda kI 'vRtti' kA jJAna hai yA jise 'vRtti' kA jJAna hokara bhI vismRta ho gayA hai| ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vaha sunA huA pada 'vRtti-jJAna' tathA 'pada-jJAna' kA samAna rUpa se adhikaraNa nahIM bntaa| dUsare sambandha- 'svAzraya-pada-viSayakatva'-ko kucha adhika spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'vRtti' kA Azraya-bhUta jo pada vaha usa pada-jJAna kA viSaya ho / arthAt-jisa pada kI vRtti kA jJAna thotA ko hai usI pada kA zravaNa yA jJAna zrotA ko honA hI cAhiye / kyoMki 'vRtti' kA jJAna hone para bhI yadi usI 'vRtti' ke AzrayabhUta pada kA jJAna yA zravaNa zrotA ko nahIM huA hai to use zAbda-bodha nahI hogaa| isa kAraNa isa sambandha ko bhI mAnanA Avazyaka hI hai kyoM ki yaha anubhUta tathya hai ki usa vyakti ko bhI zAbda-bodha nahIM hotA jisane jJAta 'vRtti ke prAzraya bhUta pada ko nahIM sunA hai| nApi ghaTa-padAzrayatvenopasthitAkAzasya-Upara ke niyama vAkya ke 'kAraNa' aMza (dvitIya bhAga) meM jo 'tad-dharmAvacchinna' pada rakhA gayA hai, yadi use na rakhA jAya to isa niyama kA svarUpa hogA-tad-dharmAvacchinna-viSayaka-zAbda-buddhitvAvacchinna prati vRtti-viziSTa-jJAnaM hetuH, arthAt usa dharma se viziSTa zAbda-jJAna meM vRtti-viziSTa pada kA jJAna kAraNa hai| niyama ke isa rUpa meM hone para yaha Avazyaka nahIM hogA ki vRtti-viziSTa pada meM vaha dharma ho hI jo zAbda-jJAna meM dikhAI detA hai| isaliye isa sthiti meM 'ghaTa' pada kI 'vRtti' ke jJAna se, 'aAkAza-dezaH zabdaH', yaa| zabda kA sthAna AkAza hai (mahA0,bhA01,pR0 65) ke anusAra, 'ghaTa' pada ke prAzraya ke rUpa meM upasthita AkAza kA bhI bodha 'ghaTa' pada se hone lagegA / parantu kAraNatA aMza meM 'taddharmAvacchinna' aMza kI upasthiti se niyama kA svarUpa yaha hogA ki--- ''jirA dharma se viziSTa pada se sambaddha vRtti kA jJAna hogA usI dharma se viziSTa zAbda-jJAna bhI hogA' / ata: 'ghaTa' pada se aAkAza kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki 'ghaTa' pada, AkAzatva dharma se viziSTa na ho kara, ghaTa-zabdatva rUpa dharma se viziSTa hai| Upara ke niyama-vAkya meM variNata 'kArya-kAraNa-bhAva'-arthAta kisI viziSTa dharma se yukta padArtha viSayaka zAbda-jJAna rUpa kArya meM usI prakAra ke viziSTa zabdatva rUpa dharma se sambaddha pada tathA tad-viSayaka vRtti kA jJAna kAraNa hai---ko mAna lene se 'ghaTa' Adi zabdoM ke uccAraNa-kartA ke rUpa meM upasthita caitra Adi kA bodha 'ghaTa' pada se nahIM hotA, kyoMki caitra-viSayaka zAbda-bodha. caitratva dharma se viziSTa, 'caitra' zabda dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, 'ghaTa' zabda dvArA nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'ghaTa' pada caitratva' dharma se viziSTa na hokara 'ghaTa-zabdatva' rUpa dharma se viziSTa hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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yAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUpA [vRtti-viSayaka saMskAra kI sattA meM pramANa tathA tIna prakAra kI vRttiyA~] saMskAra-kalpikA ca vRtti-smRtireva zAbda-buddhireva vetyanyad etat / sA ca vattis tridhA---zaktiH , lakSaNA vyaMjanA ca / (vRtti-viSayaka) saMskAra kA anumAna karAne vAlI hai 'vatti' kI smRti tathA 'vRtti' kI smRti kA anumAna karAne vAlA hai zAbda-bodha- yaha dUsarI bAta hai| aura vaha 'vRtti' tIna prakAra kI hai --zakti (abhidhA), lakSaNA tathA vyNjnaa| ___Upara 'vRtti'-viSayaka saMskAra kA ullekha huA thaa| usa vRtti-viSayaka saMskAra kI kalpanA meM kyA pramANa hai-kisa AdhAra para isa vRtti-viSayaka saMskAra kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA jAya-isa viSaya meM yahA~ vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vaiyAkaraNa yaha mAnate haiM ki 'vRtti'-viSayaka smRti eka kArya hai aura 'vRtti' kA saMskAra, jo hamArI buddhi meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, usa 'vRtti' viSayaka smRti rUpa kArya kA kAraNa athavA hetu hai| yaha vRtti-viSayaka smRti zrotA ko hotI hI hai, isaliye usake hetu ke rUpa meM vRtti-viSayaka saMskAra kI sattA bhI hameM mAnanI hI cAhiye / isI taraha yadi yaha pUchA jAya ki 'vRtti' kI smRti ke hone meM kyA pramANa hai' ? to isakA uttara yaha hai ki zabda ko sunane ke bAda usakI vRtti ko jAnane vAle zrotA ko eka vizeSa prakAra kA zAbda-bodha hotA hai| yaha zAbda-bodha rUpa kArya hI isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki vRtti-smRti bhI hotI hI hai kyoMki zAbda-bodha kA kAraNa vRtti-smRti hai / isa prakAra ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva rUpa sambandha hai| koI bhI kArya apane kAraNa ke binA utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| ataH zAbda-bodha rUpa kAya bhI taba taka upasthita nahIM ho sakatA jaba taka usa zabda kI vRtti kI smRti na ho| pora vRtti kI smRti taba taka nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka usa vRtti kA saMskAra vidyamAna na ho| ['zakti' ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA mata] tatra zaktiH kaH padArtha iti ced? atra tArkikAH,-'asmAt padAd ayam artho boddhavyaH' ityAkArA 'idaM padam imam arthaM bodhayatu' ityAkArA vezvarecchA zaktir lAghavAt / saiva' saMketaH saiva ca sambandhaH / zakter yadyapi viSayatvalakSaNa: sambandhaH pade, arthe, bodhe ca, tathApi bodha-niSTha-janyatAnirUpita-janakatAvattvena zakti-viSayo vAcakaH, padajanyabodha-viSayatvena zakti-viSayo vAcyaH, iti 1. h.-ceshvrecchaa| 2. prakAzita saskaraNoM meM-saiva saMketaH sambandhaH / 3. ha.-viSayatva-lakSaNa-sambandhaH / 4. ha0, vaMmi0 ---zakti-janya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUraNa 25 nAtiprasaGgaH / yadyapi prathamaM zakti-graho vAkya eva tathApyAvApodvApAbhyAM zAstra-kRt-kalpitAbhyA tattatpade zakti-grahaH, iti paahuH| yahAM zakti kA kyA abhiprAya hai ? isa viSaya meM naiyAyika kahate haiM :_ 'isa zabda se yaha artha jAnA jAya' isa prakAra kI, athavA 'yaha zabda isa artha kA bodha karAve' isa taraha kI Izvara kI icchA hI 'zakti' hai| kyoMki isa rUpa meM (icchA ko zakti mAnane meM) lAghava hai| vaha icchA hI saMketa hai tathA vahI (zabda aura artha kA pArasparika) sambandha (bho) hai| yadyapi (isa) zakti kA viSayatva pada, artha tathA bodha ina tInoM meM hI hai, to bhI bodha meM rahane vAlI janyatA se nirUpita (jJAta) janakatA sambandha se zakti kA viSaya vAcaka (pada) hai / (tathA isI prakAra) vAcaka pada se utpanna hone vAle viSayatA (-sambandha) se 'zakti' kA viSaya 'vAcya' (artha) hai| isa kAraNa (vAcya vAcaka ke lakSaNa meM) ativyApti doSa nahIM hogA / yadyapi pahale 'zakti' kA jJAna vAkya meM hI hotA hai parantu zAstrakAroM dvArA kalpita AvApodvApa (grahaNa, tyAga) kI prakriyA ke dvArA (vAkya ke) una padoM meM (bhI) zakti kA jJAna hotA hai| zakti ke svarUpa.vivecana ke isa prasaGga meM, naiyAyikoM ne IzvarecchA ke do rUpa darzAye hai / eka 'isa pada se yaha artha jAnA jAya' tathA dUsarA-'yaha zabda isa artha kA jJAna kraaye'| yadyapi sAmAnya pAThaka ko ina donoM rUpoM meM, artha kI dRSTi se, koI antara nahIM pratIta hogaa| parantu naiyAyika prathamAnta pada ko vizeSya mAnakara artha meM vizeSa antara kara detA hai| pariNAmataH IzvarecchA ke pahale rUpa-asmAt padAd ayam artho boddhavyaH-meM jJAtavya artha 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) hai tathA 'pada' usa artha kA vizeSaNa (sAdhana) hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM apradhAna hai| kyoMki yahA~-'ayam arthaH' yaha prathamA vibhaktyanta pada hai| dUsarI ora, dUsare rUpa-idaM padam imam artha bodhayatumeM pada 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) hai tathA usase utpanna hone vAlA 'artha' usakA vizeSaNa (sAdhana) hai aura isa rUpa meM apradhAna / kyoM ki yahA~ 'idaM padam' prathamA vibhaktyanta zabda hai / saMkSepa meM icchA ke prathama svarUpa meM yaha kahA gayA ki 'isa pada kA yaha artha hai', jabaki dUsare meM yaha kahA gayA ki 'isa ayaM vAlA yaha pada hai' (draSTavya-nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, zabda-prakaraNa) / IzvarecchA ko naiyAyikoM ne 'zakti' isaliye mAnA ki usameM 'zakti' tathA 'saMketa' donoM ke ekatra saMkalita ho jAne ke kAraNa paryApta lAghava I, jaba ki kisI aura prakAra kI 'zakti' mAnane para 'zakti' tathA 'saMketa' ina donoM padArthoM kI pRthakapRthaka kalpanA karanI par3egI jisameM gaurava (vistAra) hogA / navya naiyAyikoM ne IzvarecchA ko zakti na mAna kara kevala icchA ko zakti mAnA hai kyoMki unake samakSa IzvarecchA ko zakti mAnane meM aneka kaThinAiyA~ upasthita hotI haiN| pahalI yaha ki jaba zabda IzvarakRta nahIM hai to unameM IzvarecchA ko 'zakti' kaise mAnA jAya / dUsare yaha ki naye-naye padArthoM ke nitya naye-naye nAmakaraNa hote rahate For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 26 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA haiM, jahA~ kisI prakAra kI koI 'IzvarecchA' nahIM dikhAI detii| isake atirikta apabhraza zabdoM meM 'zakti' kaise mAnI jAya / mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi meM IzvarecchA ko zakti mAnane kA koI artha hI nahIM hai kyoM ki ve Izvara ko mAnate hI nahIM / dra0 - evam IzvarasaMketasya zaktitve IzvarAnaMgIkAramate zabdabodhAnupapatteH (zaktivAda, pR0 7) / www.kobatirth.org zaktedyapi nAtiprasaMga : yahA~ yaha zaMkA kI gaI hai ki jaba 'zakti' ke viSaya pada, artha tathA bodha tInoM hI haiM, to phira pada hI artha kA vAcaka hai tathA artha vAcya hai, isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kaise banegI ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki vastutaH zakti ke viSaya to pada, janya - janakabhAva tathA bodha ityAdi bhI haiM, (draSTavya-tasyAzca yadyapi viSayatvalakSaNaH sambandhaH pade, arthe janya-janaka - bhAve bodhe ca, lama0, pR0 16), parantu zAbdabodha kA janaka hone ke kAraNa pada vAcaka hai tathA bodha kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa graMtha vAcya hai / isa prakAra yaha vyavasthA susaGgata ho jAtI hai / yadyapi prathamaM ' ityAhuH - - yahA~ dUsarI zaMkA yaha prastuta kI gaI ki vAcaka pada meM 'zakti' kA sambandha kaise mAnA jAya ? kyoM ki pahale-pahala bacce ko jo artha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha pUre vAkya dvArA hotA hai-vAkya ke bhinna-bhinna padoM dvArA nahIM / vaha 'gAm zrAnaya' tathA 'azvaM naya' isa prakAra ke pUre-pUre vAkya se artha kA jJAna karatA hai, use ekaeka pada kA alaga-alaga artha jJAna nahIM hotA / isaliye pRthak-pRthak padoM meM 'zakti' kI sthiti nahIM mAnanI cAhiye / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa AzaMkA kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki yaha to ThIka hai ki vAkya se artha kA bodha hotA hai parantu 'zrAvApa' tathA 'udvApa' arthAt graharaNa tathA parityAga, jinakI kalpanA prAyaH sabhI zAstrakAroM ne kI hai, ke grAdhAra para padoM meM 'zakti' kI sthiti mAna lI jAtI hai / 'gAm Anaya' isa vAkya meM 'gAm' pada kA grahaNa kiyA gayA tathA 'azvam' prAya' meM usa 'gAm' pada kA parityAga kara diyA gayA / aneka bAra kiye gaye isa prakAra ke graharaNa, parityAga ke AdhAra para 'gAm' tathA 'azvam' Adi padoM ke arthoM kA bhI nirdhAraNa kara liyA gayA / isaliye pratyeka pada meM bhI 'zakti' kA sambandha mAnA jAtA hai / [ naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana ] 1. yahA~ eka aura AzaMkA yaha ho sakatI hai ki jaba naiyAyika vidvAn vaiyAkaraNoM ke samAna vAkya kI akhaNDatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate to ve padoM ke arthoM ko kalpita kyoM mAnate haiM / isakA samAdhAna naiyAyika yaha dete haiM ki nyAya - bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana - padasamUho vAkyam prarthasamAptau (nyA0 bhASya 1155 ) - --yaha kathana isa bAta ko spaSTa kara detA hai ki artha kI parisamApti vAkya meM hI hotI hai / ataH naiyAyika bhI vAkya meM padoM ke vibhAga kI kalpanA karake una una padoM ke arthoM kA nirdhAraNa karatA hI hai, kyoMki, inake mata meM bhI vAstavika artha to vAkya kA hI hotA hai / kA - tanna / icchAyAH sambandhinorAzrayatA - niyAmakatvAbhAvenasambandhatvAsambhavAt / sambandho hi sambandhi-dvaya - bhinnatve yaha pUrA vAkya hastalekhoM tathA vaMzIdhara mizra ke saMskaraNa meM nahIM milatA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 27 sati dviSThatve ca sati AzrayatayA viziSTa-buddhi-niyAmakaH, iti abhiyukta-vyavahArAd yathA 'ghaTavad bhUtalam' ityAdau 'saMyoga'-rUpaH sambandhaH sambandhibhyAM bhinnaH dviSThaH 'ghaTanirupitasaMyogAzrayo bhUtalam' iti viziSTabuddhi-- niyAmakazca / nAtra tathA 'ghaTazabda icchAvAn' 'tadarthoM vA icchAvAn' iti vyavahAraH / nayAyikoM kI yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki icchA do sambandhiyoM (zabda tathA artha) meM prAzrayatA (prAdhArAdheyabhAva) kA paricAyaka nahIM hai, isaliye vaha sambandha nahIM ho sktii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki "donoM sambandhiyoM se bhinna hote hue tathA donoM sambandhoM meM pAzrita hote hue, pAzrayatA rUpa se viziSTa-buddhi (vizeSya vizeSaNa tathA donoM ke sambandha viSayaka jJAna) kA jo niyAmaka hotA hai, vaha 'sambandha' kahalAtA hai' yaha (sambandha ke viSaya meM) vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai| jaise 'ghar3e se yukta bhUmi hai' ityAdi meM saMyoga rUpa sambandha do sambandhiyoM (ghar3A tathA bhUtala) se bhinna hai, donoM meM rahatA hai tathA 'ghaTa se nirUpita (jJAta) saMyoga kA AdhAra bhUmi hai' isa prakAra kI viziSTa buddhi (jJAna) kA niyAmaka (jJApaka) hai| yahAM (zabda tathA artha ke viSaya meM) vaisA (upayukta), 'ghaTa zabda icchA-yukta hai' yA 'ghaTa zabda kA artha icchA-yukta hai' isa prakAra kA vyavahAra nahIM dekhA jaataa| naiyAyikoM ne izvarecchA ko hI 'zakti' tathA pada aura padArtha kA 'sambandha' mAnA hai| yahA~ nAgeza bhaTTa ne IzvarecchA ko sambandha mAnane kI bAta kA khaNDana kiyA hai, kyoMki IzvarecchA ko pada-padArtha kA sambandha' mAnane se pUrva yaha siddha karanA yAvazyaka hai ki yaha IzvarecchA do sambandhiyoM (zabda tathA artha) meM rahane vAlA 'sambandha' hai / yahA~ yaha siddha nahI ho pAtA ki IzvarecchA 'sambandha' hai kyoM ki 'sambandha' ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane se sambaddha do sambandhiyoM meM rahatA huA bhI donoM se bhinna rahe tathA donoM sambandhiyoM ke sambandha ko prakaTa kare / tulanA karosambandho hi sambandhibhyAM bhinno bhavati ubhayasambandhyAzritazcaikazca (tarkabhASA abhAva-nirUpaNa) / parantu yahA~ icchA na to zabda meM hai, na artha meM hai aura na hI vaha kisI prakAra ke AdhAra-prAdheya-bhAva ko batAtI hai / isaliye IzvarecchA ko sambandha' nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| [vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM zakti kA svarUpa] tasmAd padapadArthayoH sambandhAntaram eva zaktiH vaacyvaackbhaavaaprpryaayaa| tadgrAhaka cetaretarAdhyAsamUlaka 1. ha.-adhyAsamUlam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA tAdAtmyam / tadeva sambandhaH / ubhaya-nirUpita-tAdAtmyavAn ubhaya ityartha-padayorvyavahArAt / zakte rapi kAryajanakatve sambandhasyaiva niyAmakatvAt / dIpAdi-gata-prakAzakatvazaktAvapi pAloka-viSaya-sambandhe satyeva vastu-prakAza katvaM nAnyatheti dRSTatvAt / isaliye zabda tathA artha meM (neyAyikAbhimata IzvarecchA rUpa) sambandha se bhinna 'zakti' hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma hai - 'vAcya-vAcaka-bhAva' / usa ('zakti') kA dyotaka hai (zabda tathA artha kA pArasparika) abhedajJAna, jisakA mUla (kAraNa) hai eka meM dUsare kA (zabda meM artha kA tathA artha meM zabda kA) adhyaarop| yaha 'tAdAtmya' hI (donoM meM vidyamAna) sambandha haiN| pada tathA padArtha kA jo 'tAdAtmya' (abheda) usase donoM (pada tathA padArtha) hI yukta haiM isa prakAra kA vyavahAra artha tathA pada donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai (isa taraha 'tAdAtmya' ko sambandha mAnA jA sakatA hai)| (yadi yaha kahA jAya ki pada tathA padArtha meM vidyamAna 'vAcyavAcaka rUpa 'zakti' hI sambandha haiM to vaha ucita nahIM kyoMki) 'zakti' kI kAryotpAdakatA meM bhI ('zakti' se bhinna) koI sambandha hI niyAmaka hotA hai (jaise) dIpAdi meM vidyamAna prakAzakatA-'zakti' meM bhI, prakAza tathA (prakAzyamAna) viSaya (vastu) kA (paraspara saMyoga yAdi koI) sambandha hone para hI, vastu ko prakAzita karane kI kSamatA hotI hai, anyathA (kisI sambandha ke na hone para) nahIM, aisA dekhA gayA hai| vaiyAkaraNa IzvarecchA ko 'zakti' na mAnakara usase bhinna eka dUsare prakAra kI 'zakti' mAnate haiN| yahA~ ke 'sambandhAntaram' pada ke liye tulanA karo-sA ca padArthAntaram iti kecit (rasagaGgAdhara, dvitIya prAnana pR0 122) / tathA isakI TIkA meM nAgeza kA kathana---'kecid'-vaiyAkaraNa-mImAMsakAH / isa 'zakti' kA hI dUsarA nAma hai 'vAcya-vAcaka-bhAva' / tadgrAhakaM ca .. . . . . arthapadayorvyavahArAt---vastutaH zabda kA artha meM tathA artha kA zabda meM 'adhyAsa' athavA 'adhyAropa' kara liyA jAtA hai| 'adhyAsa' kA abhiprAya hai --- 'eka meM dUsare ke dharma kA Aropa yA AbhAsana' | jaise sIpa meM cA~dI kA jJAna / draSTavya --'pAropo nAma anyasmin anyadharmAvabhAsaH / yathA-zuktau rajatam (nyAyakoza) / isa pArasparika 'adhyAsa' ke kAraNa zabda tathA usake artha meM sarvathA abheda yA 'tAdAtmya' kI pratIti hotI hai / isIliye 'ghaTa' zabda se nirUpita 'tAdAtmya' se ghaTa rUpa artha yukta hai tathA 'ghaTa' rUpa artha se nirUpita 'tAdAtmya' se 'ghaTa' zabda yukta haiM-isa prakAra kA vyavahAra hotA hai| isa prakAra kA abheda-jJAna hI 'zakti' yA dUsare zabdoM meM vAcya-vAcaka-bhAva kA dyotaka hai| yahA~ mUla paMkti meM 'tAdAtmya' ko hI vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha kahA gayA hai-'tadeva sambandhaH' / yA to yahA~ 'sambandhaH' ...--pada kA artha 'sambandha-dyotaka' kiyA jAya yA 'sambandhaH' For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 2 ke sthAna para 'saGketaH' pATha mAnA jAya, tabhI isa sthala kI saMgati laga sakatI hai, kyoMki tAdAtmya to eka prakAra kA 'saGketa' hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vAcya vAcaka bhAva rUpa sambandha kA dyotaka hai / tulanA karo - tasmAt pada-padArthayoH tad-grAhakaM cetaretarAdhyAsasUlaM tAtmyam / tacca saMketa : ( lama0, pR0 26) / zakterapi dRSTatvAt -- laghumaMjUSA ke isa prasaMga meM zakter zrapi kArya janakatve ityAdi se pahale yattu padapadArthayor bodhya-bodhaka - bhAva- niyAmikA zaktir eva sambandha iti tanna ( pR0 33) arthAt pada tathA padArtha ke vAcya vAcaka-bhAva kA niyamana karane vAlI zakti hI sambandha hai - yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, itanA pATha aura milatA hai jo parama- laghu-maMjUSA meM chUTA huA hai| yA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai, ki itane abhiprAya ko yahA~ adhyAhRta mAna liyA gayA ho, kyoMki isa AzaMkA ke uttara ke rUpa meM hI yahA~ kI paMktiyoM kI saMgati laga pAtI hai / ina paMktiyoM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'zakti' ko hI sambandha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki 'zakti' ko bhI kArya ke utpAdana ke liye, kisI na kisI dUsare sambandha kI AvazyakatA hotI hI hai / isI dRSTi se dIpaka meM vidyamAna prakAzikA zakti kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA / dIpaka meM vidyamAna yaha zakti tabhI vastu ko prakAzita kara pAtI hai, jaba vastu tathA prakAza donoM kA 'saMyoga' sambandha hotA hai / isaliye 'zakti' ko hI sambandha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isI kAraNa zabda tathA artha meM vidyamAna anAdi zakti ( yogyatA ) tathA sambandha donoM kI ghoSaNA bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya kI nimnakArikA meM kI hai : 1. indriyANAM sva-viSayeSvanAdir yogyatA mathA / anAvir zrarthaH zabdAnAM sambandho yogyatA tathA / vApa0 3.3.26 / bhartRhari ne isa kArikA meM zabda tathA artha meM vidyamAna sambandha tathA yogyatA ( 'zakti' ) donoM ko zranAdi evaM zranavacchinnarUpa se vidyamAna mAnA hai / 'zakti' ke sAtha sAtha zabda tathA artha meM pArasparika sambandha ke bhI hone ke kAraNa hI, naiyAyikoM dvArA abhimata IzvarecchArUpa 'zakti' kA vaiyAkaraNoM ne khaNDana kara diyA hai kyoMki usa IzvarecchArUpa 'zakti' ke sAtha sAtha, zabda tathA artha kA paraspara, koI sambandha nahIM dikhAyI detA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'zakti' ke sAtha 'sambandha' kI anivArya sattA ke viSaya meM bhartRhari kA kathanaH-tad uktaM hariraNA "upakAraH sa yatrAsti dharmas tatrAnugamyate / zaktInAm zrapyasau zaktir guNAnAm zrapyasau guNaH "" / tulanA karo : "upakAraH - upakAryopakArakayor bodha - zaktyor upakAra-svabhAvaH sambandha: - yatrAsti tatra 'dharmaH ' zaktirUpa: upakArAt sa yatrAsti dharmas tatrAnugamyate / zaktInAm api sA zaktir guNAnAm apyasau guNaH // mA0 3 / 315 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 30 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kAryaM dRSTvA anumIyate / asau sambandhaH 'zaktinAm ' prapi kArya-janane upakArakaH / ' guNAnAm' api dravyAzritatvaniyAmakaH" iti helArAjaH' / isaliye ( 'zakti' ke sAtha sambandha kI anivArya sattA kA pratipAdana karate hue) bhartRhari ne kahA : kiyA vaha upakAra (sambandha) jahA~ hai vahA~ ( hI ) dharma (zakti) kA anumAna jAtA hai / ( isaliye vaha (sambandha) 'zaktiyoM' kI bhI zakti (sAmarthya ) hai tathA (rUpa Adi guNoM kI dravyAzritatA meM ekamAtra sambandha ke niyAmaka hone ke kAraNa) vaha (sambandha ) hI guNoM ( paratantra 'rUpa' prAdi) kA bhI 'guNa' (upakAraka) hai | 'upakAra' (arthAt ) - upakArya (artha) evaM upakAraka (zabda) ina donoM kI bodha-zaktiyoM kA upakAra karane ke svabhAva vAlA - 'sambandha' jahA~ hai vahA~ kArya ( zAbda bodha Adi) ko dekha kara ( 'zakti' rUpa ) dharma (kAraraNa) kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / ( isaliye) vaha sambandha 'zaktiyoM' ke kAryotpAdana meM upakAraka hai tathA ('rUpa' Adi) guNa dravya ke prAzrita ho hote haiM isa bAta kA niyAmaka hai" yaha helArAja kI vyAkhyA hai / 'upakArya' athavA bodhya hai 'artha' tathA usakA 'upakAraka' athavA bodhaka hai 'zabda' / ina donoM 'upakArya' tathA 'upakAraka', arthAt 'zabda' aura 'artha' meM 'zakti' kI sattA mAnI jAtI hai / 'zabda' meM vAcakatA rUpa 'zakti' hai tathA 'artha' meM vAcyatA rUpa 'zakti' / ina donoM 'zaktiyoM' kA upakAraka hone ke kAraNa vAcya vAcaka-bhAva ke niyAmaka ' tAdAtmya' Adi sambandhoM ko vAkyapadIya meM 'upakAra' kahA gayA hai / isI prakAra 'zaktiyoM' ko 'dharma' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki 'zaktiyA~', 'dharma' ke samAna, zabda tathA artha meM rahane vAlA eka zAzvata tattva hai / helArAja vAkyapadIya ke TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / samprati vAkyapadIya ke tRtIya kANDa para hI inakI TIkA upalabdha hai / para inake apane kathana --- kANDa-dvaye yathAvRtti siddhAntArtha - satattvataH - se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa vidvAn ne anya do kANDoM para bhI apanI TIkA likhI thI / ( dra0 saMskRtavyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 355-56) parantu helArAja ke nAma se jo paMktiyAM yahA~ uddhRta haiM unameM tathA isa kArikA kI samprati upalabdha helArAja kI TIkA ke zabdoM meM koI bhI sAmya nahIM hai / sAtha hI yaha 1. tulanA karo :- samprati upalabdha helArAja kI nimna TIkA : upakAryopakArakayor upakAra - prabhAvitaH sambandhaH / asambaddhAnAm upakArAbhAvAt dharmaH iti nitya- pAratantyam Aha / dharmitve svAtanukhyAt sambandhAntara prApter anavasthApAtAt / na ca zaktir eva sambandha: / zaktInAm api AdhAra-pAratantrye niyata kArya janane ca sambandha eva niyAmako yato guNAnAm api ca dravyAzritatva - vyAvasthApakaH sambandha eva iti parataMtrANAm upakArakatvAt sarvatrAnumIyamAna svarUpo nitya - paratantraH / (ke0 esa0 ayyara sampAdita vAkyapadIya, kANDa 3, bhAga 1. pR0 126 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa bhI draSTavya hai ki yahA~ ke isa, helArAja ke nAma se uddhRta, pATha meM tathA laghumaMjUSA ke pATha meM koI antara nahIM hai| ['sambandha' pada tathA vAkya donoM meM hI rahatA hai] : sa sambandhaH pade vAkye c| tad prAha nyAyabhASyakAra:samaya-jJAnArtha cedaM pada-lakSaNAyA vAco'nvAkhyAnaM vyAkaraNAm / vAkya-lakSaNAyA vAco'rthaM lkssrnnm| anena padeSviva vAkyeSvapi Izvara-samaya iti spaSTam evoktam / tasmAd itaretarAdhyAsaH saMketaH / tanmUlakaM tAdAtmyaM ca sambandha iti siddhaantH'| vaha sambandha pada tathA vAkya (donoM) meM hai| isaliye nyAyabhASyakAra (vAtsyAyana) ne kahA- "saMketa-jJAna ke liye pada-rUpa vANI kA jJApaka yaha vyAkaraNa hai tathA-vAkya-rUpa vANI kA bodhaka hai artha-(pratipAdaka) zAstra (tarka, mImAMsA Adi)" / isake padoM ke samAna vAkyoM meM bhI IzvarIya saMketa hai- aisA spaSTa kahA gayA / isaliye (zabda tathA artha kA) eka dUsare meM 'adhyAropa' saMketa hai, jisake AdhAra para 'tAdAtmya'-sambandha banatA hai| yahI (ucita) siddhAnta hai| vaha 'tAdAtmya' sambandha pada tathA vAkya donoM meM hai yaha kaha kara tathA apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ke vAkya ko uddhRta kara nAgeza ne yaha batAnA cAhA hai ki arvAcIna naiyAyikoM dvArA vAkya-sphoTa ko na mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki jisa prakAra padArtha kI dRSTi se padoM meM 'sambandha' kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra vAkyArtha kI dRSTi se vAkya meM bhI sambandha kI sthiti mAnanI cAhiye / isIliye prAcArya vAtsyAyana ne 'saMketa' ke jJAna kI bAta pada-rUpA vANI tathA vAkya-rUpA vANI donoM ke liye khii| aura 'tAdAtmya' arthAt zabda aura artha meM abhinnatA kA sambandha saMketa-mUlaka hai ataH 'sambandha' ko bhI pada tathA vAkya donoM meM hI mAnanA caahiye| draSTavya-etena "padArthe sambandha-grahavantyapi padAni vAkyArthe samayagrahAnapekSANyeva-iti vAkya-sphoTo naiyAyikAsammataH" iti parAstam (lama0, pR0 38) / 1. tulanA karo nyAyasUtra, vAtsyAyana-bhASya, 2 / 1955 : samaya-pAlanArtha cedaM pada-lakSaNAyA vAco'nvAkhyAnaM byAkaraNam / vAkya-lakSaNAyA vAco'rtho lakSaNam / 2. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM-sarAtArthaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [ 'saGketa' ke viSaya meM yoga-sUtra ke vyAsa-bhASya kA pramANa ] :-- tad uktaM pAtaMjala-bhASye'-- saMketas tu pada-padArthayor itaretarAdhyAsarUpaH smRtyAtmako yo'yaM zabdaH so'rtho yo'rthaH sa zabda: iti / 'smRtyAtmakaH' ityanena jJAtasyaiva saMketasya zakti-bodhakatvaM darzitam / isaliye pAtaMjala-(yoga-sUtra ke vyAsakRta) bhASya meM kahA gayA hai --- 'saMketa to pada tathA padArtha kA pArasparika adhyAropa-rUpa hai| jo yaha zabda hai vahI artha hai aura jo artha hai vahI zabda hai isa prakAra kI smRti ho saMketa kI prAtmA (viSaya) hai" / 'smRtyAtmakaH' ima (kathana) se yaha batAyA gayA ki jJAta saMketa hI 'zakti' kA vodhaka hai| saMketastu... "sa zabdaH iti-Upara jo yaha kahA gayA ki zabda aura artha kA pArasparika 'adhyAsa' hI saMketa hai usakI puSTi meM yogadarzana ke vyAsa bhASya kA kathana pramANa ke rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'pAtaMjala bhASya' zabda se saMbhavata: yahA~ vyAsakRta bhASya hI abhipreta hai / 'itaretarAdhyAsarUpaH' zabda kA vigraha hai 'itaretarAdhyAso rUpaM svarUpaM prAtmA yasya saH' / isakA artha yaha hai ki pada aura padArtha yA zabda aura zabdArtha kA pArasparika 'abhyAsa' hI saMketa hai| 'adhyAsa' tathA 'adhyAropa' yA kevala 'Aropa' lagabhaga samAnArthaka zabda haiN| naiyAyika jise prAropa yA adhyAropa kahate haiM use hI vedAntI adhyAsa nAma dete haiN| Aropa kI paribhASA kI gayI hai ---'anya meM anya ke dharma kA jJAna' / dra0-pratavati tatprakArakaM jJAnam mAropaH (nyAyakoza) yaha Aropa do taraha kA mAnA gayA / eka mAhArya, arthAt kRtrima, tathA dUsarA anAhArya arthAt akRtrima yA vAstavika / 'pAhArya prAropa' vaha hai jahA~ bAgha jJAna kA nizcaya hone para bhI apanI icchA se hama usameM anya dharma ke jJAna ko svIkAra kara lete haiM - bAdhakAlInam icchA-janyaM jJAnam mAhAryam (nyaaykosh)| jaise mukha tathA candramA donoM ke bhinna bhinna hone para bhI candramA ke dharma AhlAdakatva Adi kA apanI icchA se preyasI ke mukha meM Aropa kara lenaa| isa 'AhArya Aropa' ko hI sAhitya meM 'rUpaka' alaMkAra kA bIja mAnA gayA / dra0-rUpakaM rUpitAropo viSaye nirapaha nave (sAhityadarpaNa 10.40) yahA~ pada tathA padArtha ke pArasparika adhyAsa yA 'aropa' kI jo kalpanA kI gayI use vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'AhArya' (kRtrima) na mAna kara, anAhArya (satya) hI mAnanA hogA / kyoMki bhartRhari prAdi ne 1. ha. meM 'pAtaMjala-bhASye' anupalabdha / 2. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'pada' anupalabdha / tulanA karo yogasUtra-vyAsabhASya (3 / 15); yo'yaM zabda: so'yamarthaH / yo'rthaH sa zabdaH / ityevam itaretarAdhyAsa-rUpaH saMketo bhavati / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa donoM ko vastutaH abhinna mAnA hai / pada tathA padArtha kA yaha pArasparika 'adhyAropa' hI 'saMketa' hai| smRtyAtmaka 'darzitam-'smRtyAtmakaH' isa pada kA vidvAnoM ne do prakAra se vigraha kiyA hai / prathama hai-smRtiH prAtmA (viSayo) yasya saH, athavA smRtI prAtmA (svarUpa) yasya sH| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jJAta zabda tathA artha kI smRti hone para hI 'adhyAsa' yA dUsare zabdoM meM saMketa sambhava hai| isa pada kA dUsarA vigraha hai-smRtau (pANinyAdizAstreSu) prAtmA yasya / isake anusAra artha yaha huA ki pANini Adi AcAryoM ke zAstroM meM jisakA svarUpa varNita yA nirNIta hai vaha 'saGketa' hai / parantu ina donoM meM pahalA vigraha tathA abhiprAya adhika svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai kyoMki usase 'saGketa' meM smRti kI anivAryatA pratipAdita hotI hai / ['Izvara-saMketa hI zakti hai' naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA khaNDana] ukta Izvara-saGketa eva zaktiriti naiyAyika-mataM na yuktam / 'ayam etacchakyaH' 'patrAsya zaktiH' ityasya saGketasya zaktitaH pArthakyena prasiddhatvAt / ata eva nyAyavAcaspatye uktam-sargAdibhuvAM mahaSidevatAnAm IzvareNa sAkSAdeva kRtaH saGa ketaH / tadvyavahArAccA smadAdInAmapi sugrahastat sngketH| (upari) kathita 'Izvara saMketa hI zakti hai' yaha naiyAyikoM kA vicAra ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki 'yaha (artha) isa (pada) kA zakya hai', 'isa (artha) meM isa (pada) kI zakti hai' ina (prayogoM) se, 'zakti' se bhinna rUpa meM isa 'saGketa' kI pratIti hotI hai / isIliye nyAya-sUtra ko vAcaspati-TIkA meM kahA gayA hai- "sRSTi ke prArambha meM hone vAle maharSiyoM tathA devatAoM ko Izvara ne sAkSAt saGketa kiyaa| unake vyavahAra se hama logoM ko bhI vaha saGketa sulabha yahAM yaha batAyA gayA ki 'saGketa' 'zakti' kA bodhaka hai-'saGketa' meM 'zakti' rahatI hai, athavA ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki 'saGketa' ghaTita hai tathA 'zakti' usakA ghaTaka hai |is rUpa meM eka AdhAra hai to dUsarA prAdheya / ataH donoM spaSTataH pRthak-pRthak haiM / isaliye 'saGketa' ko hI 'zakti' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / naiyAyikoM ko bhI yaha bAta abhimata hai, yaha batAte hue granthakAra ne yahAM vAcaspati mizra kI tAtparya TIkA se eka sthala pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / nAgeza ke 'ataeva' kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'saGketa' 'zakti' kA bodhaka hai, isaliye use 'zakti' kA bodhaka mAnate hue hI 1. tulanA karo-nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA (2 / 1 / 55); so'yaM vRddhavyavahAraH sAmpratikAnAM saGketa grahopAyaH / sargAdi-bhuvAM tu mahaSidevatAnAM paramezvarAnugrahAd dharmajJAna-vairAgyazvaryAtizayasampannAnAM paramezvareNa sukara eva saMketaH kartum / tadvyavahArAcca asmadAdInAm api sugrahaH saGketaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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34 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama-madhu-maMjUSA prAcArya vAcaspati mizra ne kahA ki Izvara ne sRSTi ke prArambha meM maharSiyoM tathA devatAoM ko sAkSAt zabdoM ke artha-viSayaka saGketa kA jJAna diyA / ataH 'saGketa' ko 'zakti' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 'saGketa' se pada-padArtha ke 'tAdAtmya' - sambandha athavA pArasparika 'adhyAsa' kA jJAna hotA hai tathA vaha tAdAtmya sambandha vAcya vAcaka-bhAva-rUpA 'zakti' kA dyotaka hai| [' zabda tathA artha meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai' isa siddhAnta meM pramAraga ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tasya ca tAdAtmyasya nirUpakatvena vivakSito'rthaH zakyaH Azrayatvena vivakSitaH zabdaH zakta ityucyate / zabdArthayostAdAtmya deva ' zlokam pravaNod atha arthaM zRNoti', 'arthaM vadati' ityAdi vyavahAraH / zrom ityekAkSaraM brahma ( brahmavidyopaniSad 3 ), rAmeti dvayakSaraM nAma mAnabhaGgaH pinAkinaH vRddhirAdaic ( pA0 1.1.1 ) iti zakti - grAhaka zruti smRti-viSaye sAmAnAdhikaraNyena prayogAzca / usa ' tAdAtmya sambandha' ke nirUpaka (yA nirNAyaka) ke rUpa meM vivakSita artha ko 'zakya' tathA ( usa tAdAtmya sambandha ke) prAzraya ke rUpa meM vivakSita zabda ko 'zakta' kahA jAtA hai / zabda tathA artha meM tAdAtmya (abheda sambandha) ke kAraNa hI 'zloka ko sunA aba artha ko sunatA hai' 'artha ko kahatA hai' ityAdi vyavahAra (prayoga) hote haiM / "om' yaha eka akSara brahma hai", "rAma' yaha do akSara vAlA nAma zaMkara ke ghamaNDa ko cUra karane vAlA hai" "A ai au vRddhi hai" ityAdi zakti ko batAne vAlI zrutiyoM tathA smRtiyoM meM, sAmAnAdhikaraNa ya ( tAdAtmya) ke dvArA prayoga kiye gaye haiM / tasya ca zakta ityucyate - zabda tathA artha meM jo 'tAdAtmya' sambandha mAnA jAtA hai usakA nirUpaka athavA nirNAyaka hai artha, kyoMki usakI dRSTi se hI zabda meM isa sambandha kA nizcaya hotA hai / isalie isa sambandha ke nirUpaka ke rUpa meM jisa artha kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai usa artha ko 'zakya', arthAt zakti kA viSaya athavA zakti ke dvArA bodhya kahA jAtA hai| dUsarI zrora zabda usa 'tAdAtmya' sambandha kA zrAzraya banatA hai / isaliye Azraya ke rUpa meM vivakSita zabda ko zakta', arthAt zaktiyukta athavA bodhaka, kahA jAtA hai / zabdArthayo ... prayogazcaH -- zloka rUpa zabda kA hI zravaNendriya dvArA pratyakSa ho sakatA hai artha kA nahIM / parantu 'zlokam azRNod atha arthaM zRNoti' jaise prayogoM meM zlokarUpa zabda tathA usake artha donoM meM prabheda yA tAdAtmya mAna kara hI 'artha' ko kahane yA sunane kI bAta susaMgata ho sakatI hai / isI prakAra 'om' zabda aura usake arthabhUta parabrahma kA abheda, 'rAma' zabda tathA usake arthabhUta maryAdA puruSottama rAmacandra meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa abheda evaM 'vRddhi' zabda (saMjJA) tathA usake artha A, ai, au (saMjJI) kA abheda hone para hI upari nirdiSTa prayoga susaGgata ho sakate haiM / isa prakAra zrutiyoM, zAstroM tathA laukika-prayogoM ke AdhAra para zabda tathA artha meM tAdAtmya-sambandha kI sthiti hI sarvathA tarkasaMgata hai| ['tAdAtmya' sambandha kA svarUpa] 'tAdAtmyaM ca tad-bhinnatve sati tadabhedena pratIyamAnatvam iti bhedAbheda-samaniyatam / abhedasya adhyastatvAcca na tayovirodhaH / yattu tAkikAH "zabdArthayostAdAtmyasvIkAre 'madhu'-zabdoccAraNe mukhe dAhApattiH" ityAhuH, tanna / bhedAbhedasyopapAditatvAt / 'tAdAtmya' (kA abhiprAya) hai una (zabda tathA artha) kI bhinnatA hone para (bhI) unakI abhedarUpa se prtiiymaantaa| isaliye (vaha 'tAdAtmya') bheda tathA abheda donoM ke sAtha samAnarUpa se tathA niyatarUpa se rahatA hai| naiyAyika jo yaha kahate haiM ki "zabda tathA artha meM 'tAdAtmya'-sambandha mAna lene para 'madhu' zabda kA uccAraNa karane se mukha meM mAdhurya-rasa kI pratIti tathA 'vahni' zabda ke uccAraNa karane para mukha meM jalana kI pratIti honI cAhiye", vaha (kathana) ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ('tAdAtmya' sambandha meM) bheda tathA abheda (donoM) kA (ho) upapAdana kiyA gayA hai| 'tAdAtmya' sambandha kI paribhASA meM yahAM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA ki 'tAdAtmya' sambandha vahAM hotA hai jahAM bheda hone para bhI abheda rUpa se pratIti ho| isIliye 'tAdAtmya' ko yahAM 'bhedAbheda-sama-niyata' kahA gyaa| yaha 'sama-niyata' zabda naiyAyikoM kA pAribhASika zabda hai| isa kI paribhASA kI gayI hai-vyApyatve sati vyApakatvam (nyAyakoza), arthAt jo svayaM hI vyApya bhI ho tathA vyApaka bhI ho / jaise abhidheyatA tathA padArthatA meM 'samaniyata' hai| jahAM-jahAM 'abhidheyatA' (vAcyatA) hogI vahAM-vahAM padArthatA bhI hogii| ise yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM-jahAM padArthatA hogI vahAM vahAM abhidheyatA bhI hogii| isa rUpa meM abhidheyatA vyApya bhI hai tathA vyApaka bhI hai| isI prakAra yahAM 'tAdAtmya' bheda tathA abheda donoM meM samAna rUpa se rahatA hai / isaliye vaha bhedAbheda meM 'samaniyata' hai| vastutaH 'tAdAtmya' hotA hI vahAM hai jahAM bhinnatA hone para bhI abhinna rUpa se pratIti ho| isaliye jaba taka donoM hI nahIM hoMge taba taka 'tAdAtmya' sambandha bana hI nahIM sktaa| yaha 'bhedAbheda-samaniyatatA' hI naiyAyikoM kI isa AzaGkA kA samAdhAna kara detI hai ki, zabda tathA artha meM 'tAdAtmya' sambandha hone para bhI, 'madhu' kahane para mukha meM madhuratA tathA 'agni' kahane para jalana kI pratIti kyoM nahIM hotii| spaSTa hai ki 'tAdAtmya' meM kevala abheda nahIM mAnA jAtA apitu bheda meM abheda mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye donoM ke hone ke kAraNa naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA nirmUla hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 36 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA [ 'buddhigata artha hI vAcya hai' isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana] www.kobatirth.org vastuto bauddha evArthaH zakyaH / padam api sphoTAtmakaM ' prasiddham / tayostAdAtmyam / tatra bauddha vaha nyAdAvarthe dAhAdizaktimattvAbhAvAt / zrata eva zabdajJAnAnupAtI vastuzUnyo vikalpa: ( yogasUtra 1.6 ) iti vikalpasUtraM saGagacchate / zabda-jJAnamAtreNa 'anupAtI' buddhAvanupatanazIlo 'vastuzUnyaH' bAhyArtharahitaH vizeSeraNa kalpyate iti 'vikalpa' - buddhiparikalpita iti tadarthaH / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki buddhi meM vidyamAna artha hI zakya (vAcya ) hai tathA pada bhI sphoTa rUpa (buddhigata) hI mAnA jAtA hai / (buddhi meM vidyamAna ) una donoM (zabda tathA artha ) kA ' tAdAtmya' hotA hai| vahAM buddhigata vahina zrAdi padArthoM meM dAha Adi kI zaktimattA kA abhAva rahatA hai / isIliye (padArtha ko buddhigata mAnane ke kAraNa hI ) vikalpa (ke svarUpa ko batAne vAlA yaha ) sUtra susaGagata hotA hai ki - "zAbdajJAna kA anusaraNa karane vAlA bAhyArtha Re (buddhi jJAna ) 'vikalpa' hai / " isakA artha hai - " zabdotpanna jJAnamAtra ke AdhAra para upasthita hone vAlA arthAt buddhi meM upasthita hone ke svabhAva vAlA, vastuzUnya arthAt bAhyArtha se rahita ( jo jJAna hai vaha ) vizeSa rUpa se kalpita hotA hai - buddhi se usakI parikalpanA kI jAtI hai, isaliye use 'vikalpa' kahA jAtA hai" / 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1 vAcya artha tathA vAcaka zabda donoM hI vaktA kI buddhi meM pahale se vidyamAna hote tathA una donoM meM paraspara 'tAdAtmya' sambandha hotA hai / zrotA bhI jaba zabda ko sunatA hai tathA usase kisI artha ko jAnatA hai to usakI buddhi meM donoM - zabda tathA arthakA 'tAdAtmya' hotA hai / padArtha yA vAcyArtha vaktA kI buddhi meM hI rahate haiM, isaliye ve apane laukika dAhakatva Adi dharmoM se yukta nahIM hote| yogadarzana meM jo 'vikalpa' kI paribhASA kI gayI hai vaha tabhI susaMgata ho sakatI hai yadi isa bAta ko mAna liyA jAya ki pada tathA padArtha donoM buddhigata hote haiN| kyoMki 'vikalpa' kI paribhASA meM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki zabda -jJAna se utpanna hone vAlA, para bAhyArtha - ( laukika vastu-svarUpa ) se rahita, jo jJAna vaha 'vikalpa' hai / isaliye yogadarzana meM abhimata 'vikalpa' kI paribhASA se yaha spaSTa hai ki vAcyArtha yA zakyArtha vastutaH buddhigata hotA hai / abhiprAyako bhartRhari ne apanI nimna kArikA meM alAtacakra ke dRSTAnta ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA hai : ha0 - 'bauddha-sphoTAtmakam / pratyantam zratathAbhUte nimittaM zratyupAzrayAt / dRzyate'lAtacakrAdI vastvAkAra-nirUparaNA // vApa0 1.130 For Private and Personal Use Only ---

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zakti-nirUpaNa isa kArikA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yoM to zabda kA prayoga bAhara vidyamAna artha kI dRSTi se hI hotA hai parantu 'alAtacakra' jaise zabdoM ke prayoga se atyanta atathAbhUta, arthAt sarvathA astitva hIna-avidyamAna, alAtacakra Adi padArtha kI pratIti hotI hai| 'palAtacakra' isa zabda ko sunane se zrotA ko lambe AkAra vAle alAta ke viSaya meM bhI cakrAkAratA kA jJAna hotA hai| jisakA eka sirA jala gayA hai tathA jisameM Aga kI cinagArI camaka rahI hai usa lakar3I ko 'alAta' kahA gayA hai| vacce prAyaH isa taraha kI lakar3I ko lekara ghumAte haiN| ghumAne se dekhane vAle vyakti ko usa lambI patalI lakar3I meM cakra ke AkAra kI pratIti hotI hai| yaha pratIti sarvathA asatya evaM bAhyArtha rahita hotI hai| isI kAraNa 'alAtacakra' zabda ke prayoga se isa cakrAkAratA kI pratIti kA udAharaNa bhartRhari ne yahA~ diyA hai| yahA~ 'alAtacakra' ke sAtha jo 'Adi' pada hai vaha 'khapuSpa', 'zazaviSANa' jaise zabdoM kA saMgrAhaka hai, jinake prayoga meM usa prakAra ke bAhyavastu kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai| ['buddhigata artha hI zabda ke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai' isa viSaya meM eka aura hetu] ata eva eSa vandhyAsuto yAti khapuSpakRtazekharaH / kUrma-kSIra-caye snAtaH zazazrRGgadhanurdharaH // ityatra vandhyAsutAdInAM bAhyArthazUnyatve'pi buddhiparikalpitaM vandhyAsutazabdavAcyArtham AdAya arthavattvAt prAtipadikatvam / anyathA arthavattvAbhAvena prAtipadikatvAbhAvAt svAdya tpattirna syAt / isIliye (buddhigata artha ke zakya yA vAcya hone ke kAraNa) "AkAzapuSpa ko zirobhUSaNa banAye hue, kachue ke dUdha meM snAna kiye hue tathA kharagoza kI sIMga se nirmita dhanuSa ko dhAraNa kiye hue yaha vandhyA kA putra jAtA hai|" ___ isa (zloka) meM 'vandhyA putra" Adi zabdoM ke, bAhyArtha se rahita hone para bhI (vandhyAsuta Adi zabdoM ke) buddhiparikalpita vAcyArtha kI dRSTi se, arthavAn hone ke kAraNa unakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA mAnI jAtI hai| anyathA (buddhigata artha ko na mAnane para) ina zabdoM kI arthavattA ke abhAva meM, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA na hone para, (ina zabdoM se) 'su' Adi vibhaktiyoM kI utpatti nahIM hogii| 1. tulanA karo-subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra, adbhuta rasa nirdeza, zloka saM0 4 ; eSa vandhyAsuto yAti kha-puSpa-kRta-zekharaH / mRga-tRSNAmbhasi snAta: zaza-zRGaga-dhanurdharaH / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vaiyAkaraNa kevala arthavAn (sArthaka) zabdoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA karate haiM draarthavad adhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam (pA0 1.2.45) : isaliye 'vandhyAsuta' Adi zabdoM kI taba taka 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka ye zabda sArthaka na hoN| parantu bAhya artha kI dRSTi se ye zabda kabhI bhI sArthaka nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ina zabdoM kA bAhya artha kucha hotA hI nhiiN| isaliye jaba taka inase utpanna hone vAle buddhigata artha kI sattA nahIM mAnI jAtI taba taka ye zabda sArthaka nahIM ho skte| ataH ina zabdoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kI siddhi tathA usake AdhAra para inase 'su' Adi vibhaktiyoM kI prApti ke liye yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki inheM arthavAn mAnA jAya yA dUsare zabdoM meM inake bauddha artha ko svIkAra kiyA jAya / ['zaza-zRGgam' jaise prayogoM meM naiyAyikoM ke mantavya kA khaNDana yattu 'zazazRGa gam' ityatra 'zRGge zazIyatvabhramaH' iti tArkikai ruktam, tan na / zaza-zabda-vAcya-jantu-darzana-rUpabAdhe sati 'zaza-zRGa gaM nAsti' iti vAkye 'zaza-zRGa gam' ityasya prAtipadikatvAnApattaH / naiyAyikoM ne jo yaha kahA hai ki 'zazazRGa gam' isa prayoga meM zRGaga meM kharagoza ke sambandha hone kA bhrama ho jAtA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki isa bhrAnti meM 'zaza' zabda ke vAcyArtha jantu-vizeSa (kharagoza) ke darzanarUpa bAdhajJAna ke ho jAne para 'zazazRga nAsti' isa vAkya meM 'zazazRGagam' isa zabda kI (bAhyArtha se hIna hone tathA isa rUpa meM sArthaka na hone ke kAraNa) 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI (aura taba vibhakti ke na Ane se 'zazazRGa gam' rUpa nahIM bana sktaa)| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'zazazRGa gam' jaise prayogoM meM aisA hotA hai ki vahAM sIMga meM 'kharagoza' ke sambandha' kI, arthAta 'kharagoza kI sIMga hai' isa prakAra kI, bhrAnti ho jAtI hai / isa bhrAnta arthavattA ke AdhAra para ve 'zazazRGa gam' meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA tathA tadAzrita kArya karanA cAhate haiM / parantu prazna yaha hai ki kharagoza ko sIMga rahita dekha lene ke pazcAt, bhrAnti kA nivAraNa ho jAne para, 'zazazRGa gaM nAsti' (kharagoza ke pAsa sIMga nahIM hai) yaha kahate hue 'zazazRGga' zabda se, arthavattA ke abhAva meM vibhakti kI prApti kaise hogI / isaliye bhrAnta jJAna kaha kara uparyukta prayogoM kI saMgati nahIM lagatI / ataH aise sthaloM meM to buddhi-gata artha mAnanA hI hogaa| 1. ha. meM "zazazRGagam' ityatra 'zRGage" ke sthAna para "zRGge zazazRGa gam" pATha hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa [artha bheda ke AdhAra para zabda-bheda yA 'aneka zabdatA' tathA prAkAra-sAmya ke AdhAra para 'eka zabdatA' kA vyavahAra] artha-padayos tAdAtmyAt' tat-tad-artha-tAdAtmyApannaH zabdo bhinna iti hetoH artha-bhedAt zabda-bhedaH iti vyavahAraH / samAnAkAra-mAtreNa tu eko'yaM zabdo bahvarthaH, iti vyavahAraH / artha tathA zabda ke tAdAtmya ke kAraNa (hI) una una (apane apane viziSTa) arthoM ke sAtha abheda ko prApta huA zabda (dUsare zabda se) bhinna ho jAtA hai| isa kAraNa "artha kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para zabdoM meM bhinnatA hotI hai" aisA vyavahAra hotA hai| (parantu) AkAra (athavA rUpa) kI samAnatA ke kAraNa "yaha eka zabda aneka arthoM vAlA hai" yaha vyavahAra bhI hotA hai| zabdoM kA apane apane viziSTa, artha ke sAtha abheda rUpa se anvaya ho jAne ke kAraNa pratyeka zabda dUsare zabda se bhinna ho jAtA hai| isaliye artha kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para zabdoM meM bhI bhinnatA A jAtI hai| arthakRta isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa zabdoM meM jo bhinnatA kI pratIti hotI hai usake kAraNa hI 'zabdanAnAtvavAda' athavA 'artha bheda se zabda bheda' pakSa kI pratiSThApanA kI gyii| isI dRSTi se pataMjali ne do bAra mahAbhASya meM nimna vAkya kahe :-"grAma zabdo'yaM bahvarthaH / astyeva zAlAsamudAye vartate / tad yathA--'grAmo dagdhaH' iti / asti vATa-parikSepe vartate / tad yathA'grAmaM prvissttH'| asti manuSyeSu vartate / tad yathA-'grAmo gataH', 'grAma pAgataH' iti / asti sAraNyake sasImake sasthaNDalike vartate / tad yathA-'grAmo labdhaH' iti / tat yaH sAraNyake sasImake sasthaNDalike vartate tam abhisamIkSya etat prayujyate 'anantarAva imau grAmau' iti / mahA0 (1.1.7 tathA 20) / yahAM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kaiyaTa ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'kucha loga artha kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para eka zabda meM bhI bhinnatA kI kalpanA kara lete haiM / dUsare vidvAn artha kI bhinnatA ke rahane para bhI ekazabdatA hI mAnanA cAhate haiN| bhedapakSa athavA vyaktipakSa kA AzrayaNa karake grAma zabdo'yaM bahvarthaH ityAdi bhASyakAra ne kahA hai| parantu arthabheda ke kAraNa zabdabheda ke siddhAnta ke sAtha sAtha zabda ke rUpa athavA AkAra kI ekatA ke kAraNa eka dUsare siddhAnta 'zabdakatvavAda' athavA abhedapakSa kI bhI pratiSThApanA huii| yahAM kI-"samAnAkAramAtreNa tu eko'yaM zabdo bahvarthaH" isa paMkti meM nAgeza ne isI siddhAnta kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| pataMjali ne bhI isa siddhAnta kI dRSTi se hI 'ekazca zabdo bahvartho prakSAH pAdAH mASA: (mahA0 1.2.64) ityAdi vAkya kahe haiM / eka hI 'akSa' zabda 'bibhItaka', 'indriya' 'ratha kA akSa', 'dyUta kA akSa' tathA 'pAza' ina aneka arthoM kA vAcaka hai| isI 1. h.-taadaatmyaadeH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA prakAra 'pAda' tathA 'mASa' Adi zabda bhI aneka arthoM ke vAcaka haiN| isaliye artha-bheda ke kAraNa anekazabdatA tathA samAna AkAra ke kAraNa ekazabdatA donoM hI sthitiyAM tathA vyavahAra vidvAnoM meM pracalita haiN| bhartRhari ne ina donoM hI siddhAntoM ko vAkyapadIya kI nimna kArikAoM meM saMgRhIta tathA samanvita kiyA hai : kAryatve nityatAyAM vA kecid ekatvavAdinaH / kAryatve nityatAyAM vA kecin nAnAtvavAdinaH // 1.70 bhinnaM darzanam prAzritya vyavahAro'nugamyate / tatra yanmukhyamekeSAM tatrAnyeSAM viparyayaH // 1174 arthAt kucha loga zabda ko anitya tathA kucha use nitya mAnate hue zabdakatvavAda ko mAnane vAle haiN| parantu dUsare vidvAn, jina meM kucha zabda ko anitya tathA kucha nitya mAnane vAle haiM, zabdanAnAtvavAda ke anuyAyI haiM / ina do vibhinna siddhAntoM kA AzrayaNa karake unake vyavahAra dekhe jAte haiN| ina donoM vAdoM meM se eka varga kI dRSTi meM jo mata (zabdakatva yA zabdanAnAtva) pramukha hai vahI dUsare varga kI dRSTi meM gauNa hai| mAnate donoM hI varga donoM vAdoM ko haiM para eka varga jisa vAda ko pramukha mAnatA hai dUsarA use gauNa mAnatA hai| ['sAdhu' tathA 'asAdhu' donoM prakAra ke zabdoM meM 'zakti' ko sattA kA pratipAdana] sA ca zaktiH sAdhuSvivApabhraM zeSu api zaktigrAhaka-ziromarorvyavahArasya tulyatvAt / vyavahAradarzanena ca pUrvajanmAnubhUtazaktismaraNam / ataeva bAlAnAM tirazcAM ca anvaya-bodhaH / nahi teSAM tadaiva tatsambhavaH / vaha (vAcakatA) zakti jisa prakAra sAdhu zabdoM meM rahatI hai usI prakAra apabhraza (zabdoM) meM bhI rahatI hai, kyoMki zakti ke dyotakoM meM pradhAnabhUta (hetu) 'vyavahAra' donoM (sAdhu tathA apabhraMza zabdoM) meM samAna rUpa se hotA hai| (isa) 'vyavahAra' (zabdaprayoga) ke dekhane se pUrvajanmoM meM anubhUta (zabda kI) zakti kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| isI liye bAlakoM tathA pazuoM ko (bhI) artha-bodha hotA hai| unheM tatkAla (prathama-vyavahAra ke samaya hI) zabdazakti kA jJAna honA sambhava nahIM hai| sA ca...... tulyatvAt- sAdhu tathA asAdhu zabdoM yA saMskRta aura apabhraMza donoM prakAra ke zabdoM meM arthaprakAzana kI 'zakti' samAna rUpa se vidyamAna rahatI hai, 1. ha. meM 'anvayaM' pada anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa aisA pataMjali tathA bhartRhari ityAdi vaiyyAkaraNoM kA mata hai, jinake vacanoM ko svayaM nAgeza ne hI Age kI paMktiyoM meM uddhata kiyA hai| vastutaH una sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM meM, jinakA vyavahAra mAnava arthaprakAzana kI dRSTi se karatA hai, yaha 'zakti' vidyamAna rahatI hai, cAhe ve zabda saMskRta ke hoM yA apabhrazabhUta anya bhASAoM ke hoM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'zaktigraha' ke jo aneka hetu haiM unameM 'vyavahAra', arthAt zabda ke prayoga, ko pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura vaha 'vyavahAra', jisa prakAra sAdhu zabdoM meM 'zakti' kA jJAna karAtA hai, arthAt yaha batAtA hai ki yaha zabda isa artha kA vAcaka hai, usI prakAra asAdhu zabdoM meM bhI 'zakti' kA bodha karAtA hai / 'zakti'-grAhaka hetuoM kA saMgraha nimna kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai zakti-grahaM vyAkaraNopamAna-kozAptavAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAd vivRtervadanti sAnnidhyata: siddhapadasya vRddhAH // ina vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza, AptavAkya, vyavahAra Adi hetuoM meM lokavyavahAra kI pramukhatA svataH spaSTa hai, kyoMki kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali Adi ne lokavyavahAra ko vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM kA pramukha AdhAra mAnA hai / vyavahAra-darzanena .... tat-sambhavaH-choTe choTe bAlakoM tathA pazu pakSiyoM ko mAnava kI bhASA se jo artha-jJAna hotA hai usakA kAraNa hai unheM pUrva-janma meM anubhUta zabda-zakti kA smaraNa honaa| yaha smRti unheM taba hotI hai jaba ve kisI anya vyakti ke dvArA kiye gaye zabda-prayoga athavA vyavahAra ko dekhate haiN| jinheM una una zabdoM kI zakti kA bodha nahIM hai una alpAyu bAlakoM ko bhI una zabdoM ke artha kA jJAna hotA hI hai, isakA pratipAdana bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya, brahmakANDa, kI nimna kArikA meM kiyA hai : itikartavyatA loke sarvA shbd-vyaapaashryaa| yAM pUrvAhita-saMskAro bAlo'pi pratipadyate // 1.121 arthAt sampUrNa karttavya-prakAra-viSayaka jJAna zabda-vyavahAra ke Upara hI prAzrita hai| isa jJAna ko bAlaka bhI, jisameM pUrva-janma kA zabda-viSayaka saMskAra vidyamAna hai, apane dUsare sAthI bAlaka kI avyakta bhASA se hI jAna letA hai| parantu zakti-graha meM pUrva-janma kI anubhUti ko kAraNa mAnanA vivAdAspada pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki bhinna bhinna bhASAoM ke zabdoM kI zaktiyA~ bhI bhinna bhinna hotI haiN| yaha Avazyaka to nahIM hai ki jisane pUrva janma meM saMskRta bhASA ke saMskAra prApta kiye hoM vaha bAda ke janma meM bhI saMskRta-bhASA-bhASiyoM meM hI utpanna ho / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 42 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [ 'asAdhu zabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti nahIM hotI', naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA nirAkaraNa ] www.kobatirth.org 1. yattu tAkikA :- sAdhu - zabdena sAdhu-zabda- smaraNa - dvArA artha- bodha: - ityAhuH, tanna | sAdhu-smaraNaM binA'pi bodhAnubhavAt / tad-vAcaka - sAdhu - zabdam prajAnatAM bodhAnApattezca / na ca 'zaktibhramAd bodho'sAdhu-zabdeSu' iti vAcyam / nissaMdeha - pratyayasya bAdhakaM binA bhramatvAyogAt / ataeva strI-zUdra - bAlAdInAm uccArite sAdhAv grartha-saMzaye tad-apabhraM zenArtha - nirNayaH / ata eva samAnAyAm zrarthAvagatau zabdazcApazabdaizca zAstreNa dharmaniyamaH, iti bhASyam, vAcakatvAvizeSe'pi niyamaH puNya-pApayoH iti hari - kArikA' ca saMgacchate / naiyAyika jo yaha kahate haiM ki asAdhu zabdoM (ke prayoga) se ( sAdhu zabdoM kA smaraNa hotA hai aura usa ) sAdhu zabdoM ke smaraNa ke dvArA (asAdhu zabda ke ) artha kA bodha hotA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki sAdhu zabdoM kI smRti hue binA bhI ( asAdhu zabdoM se sIdhe ) artha - bodha kA anubhava hotA hai| tathA ( ina naiyAyikoM ke mata ke anusAra ) una ( asAdhu zabdoM se bodhya arthI) ke vAcaka sAdhu zabdoM ko na jAnane vAloM (azikSita-janoM) ko una una arthoM kA jJAna nahIM honA cAhiye (parantu unheM bhI artha - bodha hotA hai) 2. " sAdhu zabdoM meM ( bhI vAcakatA) zakti hai aisA bhrama ho jAne ke kAraNa ( unase ) artha- bodha hotA hai" yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki sandeha-rahita jJAna ko bAdha jJAna ke abhAva meM bhrama mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / 1 isIliye ( asAdhu - zabdoM ke bhI zaktiyukta hone ke kAraNa) sAdhu-zabdoM ke uccAraNa kiye jAne se strI, zUdra tathA bAlaka Adi ko unake artha ke viSaya meM sandeha hone para, ( una arthoM ke vAcaka) asAdhu zabdoM ke dvArA artha kA nirNaya karAyA jAtA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dra0 - vApa0 (3.3.30 ); .. tulanA karo - mahA0, bhAga 1, pR0 58 evam ihApi samAnAyAm arthAvagatau zabdena cApazabdena ca dharma-niyamaH kriyate evaM kriyamANam abhyudaya kAri bhavati / asAdhur anumAnena vAcakaH kaizcid iSyate / vAcakatvAvizeSe vA niyamaH puNya-pApayoH // For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa [athavA-(isa aMza kA dUsare rUpa meM isa taraha anuvAda kiyA jA sakatA hai) isIliye strI zUdra tathA bAlaka Adi ke dvArA sAdhu zabdoM kA (aspaSTa) uccAraNa kiye jAne para vidvAnoM ko) artha-viSayaka sandeha ke upasthita hone para una (aspaSToccArita sAdhu zabdoM) ke (paryAyabhUta) asAdhu zabdoM ke (smaraNa) dvArA artha kA nirNaya hotA hai] ata eva (asAdhu zabdoM ke bhI zaktiyukta hone kA kAraNa) " zabdoM tathA apazabdoM ke dvArA samAnarUpa se artha kA jJAna hone para (vyAkaraNa) zAstra dvArA dharmaviSayaka niyama kiyA jAtA hai" yaha bhASya (meM pataMjali) kA kathana tathA "(sAghu evaM asAdhu zabdoM meM) samAnarUpa se vAcakatA ke hone para bhI (sAdhu zabdoM kA prayoga puNya kA utpAdaka hotA hai tathA asAdhu zabda pApa kA-isa prakAra kA) puNya tathA pApa kA niyama zAstrakAroM dvArA banAyA gayA hai" yaha bhatRhari kI kArikA susaMgata hotI hai| yattu tAkikAH arthabodha...ityAhuH-naiyAyikoM kA mata yaha hai ki kevala sAdhu zabdoM meM hI arthAbhidhAna kI zakti hotI hai / isIliye, unakI dRSTi meM jaba vidvAnoM ko kisI azikSita vyakti dvArA prayukta asAdhu zabda se artha kA jJAna hotA hai taba vahA~ artha-jJAna kI prakriyA yaha hotI hai ki pahale asAdhu zabdoM ke dvArA sAdhu zabdoM kA smaraNa hotA hai aura usake bAda una smRta sAdhu zabdoM se artha kA jJAna hotA hai / isI taraha azikSita vyaktiyoM ko asAdhu zabdoM ke zravaNa se jaba artha-jJAna hotA hai to vahAM, ina naiyAyikoM kA vicAra yaha hai ki, una asAdhu zabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti ke na hone para bhI, bhrama ke kAraNa zakti kI pratIti hotI hai| isI kAraNa azikSitoM ko una prasAdhu zabdoM se artha kA jJAna hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ke samAna hI mImAMsA darzana ke AcAryoM tathA vyAkhyAtAoM ko bhI yahI mata abhimata pratIta hotA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki 'gauH' isa sAdhu zabda ke sthAna para jaba azikSita vyakti 'gAvI' isa asAdhu zabda kA prayoga karatA hai to zrotA ko 'gAvI' zabda sAdhu-'go'-zabda kI smRti karAtA hai / isa smRti kA kAraNa hai 'go' tathA 'gAvI' ina donoM zabdoM kI smaantaa| acArya zabara ne mImAMsA-darzana ke bhASya meM aneka sthaloM para isa mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| mImAMsAdarzana 1.3.36 kI vyAkhyA meM ve kahate haiM-sAdRzyAt sAdhuzabde'pyavagate pratyayo'vakalpate, arthAt sAdRzya ke kAraNa (asAdhu zabdoM se) sAdhu zabda ke smaraNa hone para arthajJAna utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra 1.3.28 kI vyAkhyA meM, asAdhu zabdoM kA prayoga kisa prakAra cala par3atA hai isakA vivaraNa dete hue, prAcArya zabara ne kahA hai :gozabdam uccArayitukAmena kena cid azaktyA gAvItyuccAritam / apareNa jJAtaM sAsnAdimAna asya vivakSitaH / tadarthaM gaurityuccArayitu-kAmo gAvItyuccArayati / tataH zikSitvA apare'pi sAsnAdimati vivakSite gAvItyuccArayanti / tena gAvyAdibhyaH sAsnAvimAna avagamyate / anurUpo hi gAvyAviH gozabdasya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'gau' zabda ke uccAraNa kI abhilASA se kisI azikSita ne apanI asamarthatA ke kAraNa 'gAvI' isa azuddha yA asAdhu zabda kA prayoga kara diyaa| parantu sunane vAle ne yaha jAna liyA ki 'gau' zabda kA uccAraNa karanA cAhate hue bhI yaha vyakti 'gau' zabda ke sthAna para 'gAvI' kA uccAraNa kara rahA hai| isa prazikSita prayoktA, yA bolane vAle, se isa taraha ke prasAdhu prayogoM ko suna kara dUsare loga bhI 'gau' kahane ke liye 'gAvI' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kara dete haiN| isa prakAra 'gAvI' Adi asAdhu zabdoM se 'gau' Adi sAdhu zabdoM kA jJAna hotA hai, kyoMki gAvI Adi zabda 'go' Adi ke sadRza haiN| mImAMsA-sUtra 1.3.26 kI vyAkhyA meM bhI zabara ne isI prakAra kI bAta kahI haigAvyAdidarzanAd gozabdasmaraNaM tataH sasmiAdimAna avagamyate, arthAt 'gAvI' Adi (asAdhu) zabdoM ko sunane ke pazcAt 'gau' zabda kA smaraNa hotA hai usake bAda 'gau' padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai| vastutaH naiyAyika tathA mImAMsaka donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki vAcakatA zakti kevala sAdhu zabdoM meM hI raha sakatI hai asAdhu zabdoM meM nahIM / athavA isI bAta ko dUsare zabdoM meM unhoMne yoM kahA hai ki jo zabda vAcakatA zakti se yukta haiM ve sAdhu zabda haiM, unase anya asAdhu haiM / naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM kI isa sthiti ko eka mata ke rUpa meM bhartRhari ne apane vAkyapadIya ke brahmakANDa kI nimna kArikAoM meM prastuta kiyA hai te sAdhuSvanumAnena pratyayotpattihetavaH / tAdAtmyam upagamyeva zabdArthasya prkaashkaaH|| vApa0 1.150 ve (asAdhu zabda) sAdhu viSayaka anumAna (smRti) ke dvArA (gau Adi padArthoM ke) jJAna ke kAraNa banate haiN| ve (asAdhu zabda) mAno (sAdhu zabdoM ke sAtha) tAdAtmya (abheda) ko prApta karake zabdArtha ke vAcaka hote haiM (svataH nhiiN)| na ziSTar anugamyante paryAyA iva sAdhavaH / na yataH smRtimAtreNa tasmAt sAkSAd avAcakAH // vApa0 1.151 ___ sAdhu ('go', 'dhenu' ityAdi) paryAya zabdoM ke samAna (asAdhu zabdoM ko) vidvAn paryAya nahIM mAnate tathA una (asAdhu zabdoM) kA koSa Adi meM bhI ve saMgraha nahIM krte| ataH (ve asAdhu zabda artha ke) sAkSAd vAcaka nahIM haiN| ambAmbeti yathA bAla: zikSamANaH prabhASate / avyaktaM tavidAM tena vyakte bhavati nizcayaH / vApa0 1.152 evaM sAdhau prayoktavye yo'pabhraMzaH prayujyate / tena sAdhu-vyavahitaH kazcid artho'bhidhIyate // vApa0 1.153 jisa prakAra 'ambA' 'ambA' yaha (kahane ke liye) sikhAyA jAtA huA bAlaka (zizu) avyakta rUpa se kucha bolatA hai aura usa (avyakta bhASaNa) se vyakta (ambA zabdoM) ke viSaya meM zrotA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai usI prakAra sAdhu zabda ke prayoga ke sthAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 45 para jisa apabhraza zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usa (apabhraza ke prayoga) se sAdhu zabda se vyavahita koI artha kahA jAtA hai| tanna....."nirNayaH-parantu ina vidvAnoM kA yaha mata yuktisaMgata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki sAdhu zabdoM ke smaraNa ke binA bhI asAdhu zabdoM se sIdhe artha-jJAna kA anubhava hotA hai / yadi sAdhu zabdoM ke smaraNa dvArA hI asAdhu zabdoM se artha kA jJAna hotA ho to sarvathA azikSita vyaktiyoM ko, jo asAdhu zabdoM ke paryAya-bhUta sAdhu zabdoM ko nahIM jAnate, kabhI bhI una una abhipreta arthoM kA bodha nahIM honA caahiye| parantu unheM sadA kevala prasAdhu zabdoM se hI sIdhe artha kA jJAna hotA hai / yaha kahanA bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai ki azikSitoM ko sIdhe asAdhu zabdoM se jo artha-pratIti hotI hai vaha asAdhuzabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti kA bhrama ho jAne ke kAraNa hotI hai / kyoMki yadi bhrama se artha bodha huA karatA to kabhI na kabhI to usa bhrama kA nivAraNa honA cAhiye / parantu azikSitoM ko sadA hI una una asAdhu zabdoM se unhIM unhIM arthoM kI pratIta hotI hai / isaliye asAdhuzabdoM ke viSaya meM zaktibhrama kI bAta bhI nyAyya nahIM hai| ___ vastutaH asAdhuzabda artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiM yaha kahanA sabhI grAmINa athavA apabhraMza bhASAoM ke prayoga kA apalApa karanA hai| sAdhu tathA asAdhu zabdoM kA vibhAjana hI kevala eka varga vizeSa kI bhASA ko dRSTi meM rakha kara hI kiyA gayA hai / satya to yaha hai mAnava kA koI bhI varga jisa bhI bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai usa meM vaktA ke abhiprAya ko prakAzita karane kI kSamatA rahatI hI hai| isIliye asAdhuzabdoM kI vAcakatA kA pratipAdana karate hue nAgeza ne yaha tarka diyA ki sarvathA apaThita strI zUdra Adi ko jaba kisI sAdhu zabda kA prayoga kiye jAne para, usake artha ke viSaya meM sandeha upasthita hotA hai, to ve azikSita zrotA usa sAdhu zabda ke paryAyabhUta apabhraMza zabda se artha kA nirNaya karate haiN| isI yukti ko dUsare rUpa meM yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba koI bAlaka yA azikSita vyakti kisI sAdhu zabda kA aspaSTa uccAraNa karatA hai tathA usa aspaSTa uccAraNa ko sunakara kisI vidvAn ko artha ke viSaya meM sandeha hotA hai / taba vaha vidvAn usa aspaSToccArita sAdhuzabda ke paryAyabhUta asAdhuzabda ke dvArA artha kA nirNaya kiyA karatA hai| (ye donoM hI abhiprAya 'ata eva nirNayaH' isa aMza meM saMketita kiye gaye haiM tathA Upara do prakAra ke anuvAdoM se spaSTa kiye gaye haiN)| ___ isIliye bhartRhari ke pUrvoddha ta kArikAoM ke prasaGga meM hI isa bAta ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki prazikSita vyaktiyoM ke samudAya meM asAdhu zabda, binA sAdhu zabdoM ke vyavadhAna ke hI, sAkSAt artha ke vAcaka hote haiM / tathA sAdhu zabda, isa azikSita varga meM, sAkSAt artha ke vAcaka na ho kara, asAdhu zabdoM ke smaraNa rUpa vyavadhAna dvArA hI artha ko kaha pAte haiM : pAramparyAda apabhrazA viguNeSvabhidhAtuSu / prasiddhim prAgatA yeSu teSAM sAdhuravAcakaH // vApa0 1.154 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA __ zikSA Adi guNoM se rahita jina (azikSita) bolane vAloM meM paramparA se apabhraMza (asAdhu zabda hI) pracalita hai unake liye sAdhu zabda (sAkSAt artha kA) vAcaka nahIM haiM (apitu asAdhu zabda hI azikSitoM ke liye sIdhe artha ke vAcaka haiN)| prata eva saMgacchate-isaliye vaiyAkaraNa sAdhu tathA asAdhu donoM prakAra ke zabdoM ko artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiN| nAgeza ne isa mata kI puSTi meM, pramANa ke rUpa meM, pataMjali tathA bhartRhari kI spaSTa ghoSaNAoM ko Upara prastuta kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra ke parama marmajJa ye donoM hI vidvAn isa bAta ko mAnate haiM ki artha kI vAcakatA zakti kI dRSTi se sAdhu tathA asAdhU donoM prakAra ke zabda sarvathA samAna haiM--donoM ke dvArA samAna rUpa se artha kA prakAzana hotA hai / yadi donoM meM koI antara hai to vaha itanA hI ki sAdhu zabdoM ke prayoga se prayoktA ko eka adRSTa dharma rUpa abhyudaya vizeSa yA puNya vizeSa kI prApti hotI hai jaba ki asAdhu zabdoM ke prayoga se usa abhyudaya vizeSa kI prApti nahIM hotii| isIliye vaiyAkaraNa sAdhu tathA asAdhu zabdoM kI paribhASA kramazaH "puNyotpAdana kI yogyatA se yukta honA" tathA "pApotpAdana kI yogyatA se yukta honA" karate haiM / vastutaH isa puNya tathA pApa kI bhI unakI apanI paribhASAyeM haiM / vaiyAkaraNa kI dRSTi meM sAdhu evaM ziSTa zabdoM ke prayoga se citta kA saMskAra hotA hai-aura isa rUpa meM kucha adRSTa dharma athavA abhyudaya kI utpatti kI hotI hai / parantu asAdhu zabdoM ke prayoga se viparIta prabhAva utpanna hotA hai isI kAraNa unheM pApa-janaka kahA gayA hai / bhartRhari ne isa tathya ko nimna kArikA meM bahuta acchI taraha spaSTa kiyA hai ziSTebhya prAgamAt siddhAH sAdhavo dharma-sAdhanam / artha-pratyAyanAbhede viparItAstvasAdhavaH // vApa0 1.27 arthAt ziSToM ke prayoga tathA paramparA se prasiddha zabda, jinake uccAraNa se eka dharma vizeSa kI utpatti hotI hai, sAdhu zabda haiM / isake viparIta jo ziSToM kI bhASA meM athavA paramparA se prasiddha nahIM hai aura na hI dharma ke utpAdaka haiM ve asAdhu zabda haiM / parantu jahAM taka vAcyArtha ke bodha karAne kI bAta hai usa dRSTi se sAdhu tathA asAdhu donoM hI abhinna haiM--samAna haiN| saMbhavataH ye donoM puNya-janakatA tathA pApa-janakatA kI bAta arthavAda ke rUpa meM isa liye kahI gaI haiM ki isase eka varga-vizeSa ke dvArA apanAye gaye, bhASA ke, eka rUpa kI pUrI pUrI surakSA hotI rahe-usakA rUpa vikRta na hone paaye| [apabhraMza zabdoM meM bAcakatA zakti mAnane para hI mImAMsakoM kA 'prArya-mlecchAdhikaraNa' susaMgata ho pAtA hai] ata eva Arya-mlecchAdhikaraNam (mImAMsA 1.3.4. 8-6) saMgacchate / tatra hi yadyapi AryAH 'yava'-zabda dIrgha-zUke For Private and Personal Use Only

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1. 2. 3. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zakti-nirUpaNa prayujate / tam eva ca budhyante' / mlecchAs tu priyaGgau prayujate, tam eva ca budhyante / tathApyArya-prasiddha r balavattvAt vede dIrgha-3 - zukaparataiveti siddhAntitam / tava tu mleccha-bodhasya zakti-bhrama- mUlakatvena bhAnti-viSaya- rajatajJAnasyeva mleccha-prasiddha r vastvasAdhakatayA prArya - mlecchaprasiddhyoH kasyA balavattvam iti vicArAsaMgatiH spaSTaiva / isIliye (apabhraMza zabdoM meM bhI vAcakatA zakti ke hone ke kAraNa) 'Arya mleccha' nAmaka ( mImAMsA - zAstra kA ) adhikaraNa susaMgata ho pAtA hai / usa adhikaraNa meM yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki yadyapi Arya loga 'yava' zabda kA prayoga lambe 'zUka' ( noka ) vAle (anna) ke liye karate haiM tathA use hI ( ' yava' zabda se ) jAnate haiM / parantu mleccha loga ( isa zabda kA prayoga ) 'priyaGgu' nAmaka ( eka dUsare) anna ke liye karate haiM tathA 'yava' zabda se use hI jAnate haiM / parantu AryoM kI prasiddhi (vyavahAra) ke balavAn hone se veda meM yaha zabda 'jau' (yA 'java') atha vAlA hai / tujha naiyAyika ke mata meM to mlecchoM (athavA apazabda - bhASiyoM) kA artha-jJAna zakti-viSayaka bhrama ke kAraNa hai isaliye, bhrAnti ke viSaya- bhUta (sIpI meM ) rajata - jJAna ke samAna hI, mlecchoM kI 'prasiddhi' (prayoga athavA vyavahAra) ke artha-sAdhaka na hone ke kAraNa (prArya - prasiddhi aura mleccha prasiddhi meM se) kauna adhika balavAn hai - isa vicAra kI asaMgati spaSTa hI hai / 47 zrata eva siddhAntitam - mImAMsA darzana ke Arya - mlecchAdhikaraNa meM yaha samasyA prastuta kI gayI hai ki zrutiyoM tathA smRtiyoM meM prayukta kisI viziSTa zabda ke kisa artha ko prAmANika mAnA jAya ? AryoM kI bhASA meM zabda jisa artha meM prasiddha hai athavA vyavahRta hotA hai usa artha ko pramANika mAnA jAya yA mlecchoM (prazikSitoM, zUdroM) kI bhASA meM vaha zabda jisa artha meM vyavahRta hotA hai usa artha ko pramANika mAnA jAya ? jaise 'yava' zabda AryoM kI bhASA meM lambI noka vAle java ke liye, 'varAha' zabda sUara ke liye tathA 'vetas' zabda beMta ke liye prasiddha hai / parantu mlecchoM kI bhASA meM 'yava' Adi zabda priyaGgu Adi anya arthoM meM vyavahRta hote haiM / prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM yahAM kA 'tam eva ca budhyante' yaha pATha nahIM milatA / tulanA karo - nyAyavArtika tAtparyaTIkA ( pR0 420 ); tathA hi 'yava' - zabda Ayer dIrgha-zuke padAyeM prayujyate / te 'yaba' zabdAd doghaM padArthaM pratipadyante / mlecchAs tu priyaGgum pratipadyante / For Private and Personal Use Only tulanA karo - mImAMsA darzana, zabara-bhASya, (113/4 | 8- 6); Arya-prasiddhayA 'yava' zabdena dIrghazukA: ( saktavaH), 'varAha' - zabdena sUkaraH, 'vetas' - zabdena apsujo julo grAhyaH, na tu mleccha prasiddha yA priyaGgavaH /

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye mImAMsA darzana meM yaha kahA gayA ki-"teSvadarzanAd virodhasya samA pratipattiH syAt"-(1.3.8.) arthAt yadi mleccha-prasiddhi ke sAtha Arya-prasiddhi kA koI virodha nahIM upasthita hotA taba Arya-prasiddha artha ke samAna hI mleccha-prasiddha artha ko bhI prAmANika mAnA jAyagA / jaise-pika, nema, sata tathA tAmarasa aise zabda haiM jo pAryoM kI bhASA meM kisI vizeSa artha meM prasiddha nahIM haiN| parantu anAryoM kI bhASA meM kramazaH kokila, ardha, bRhatpatra tathA kamala arthoM meM prayukta hote haiN| isaliye ina zabdoM ke ina prasiddha arthoM ko hI pramANika mAnA jAyagA / nirukta Adi ke AdhAra para naye arthoM kI kalpanA nahIM kI jaayegii| parantu yadi koI zabda Arya tathA mleccha donoM vargoM meM bhinna bhinna virodhI arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai to usa sthiti meM mImAMsA kA nirNaya hai ki "zAstrasthA tannimittatvAt' (1.3.6), arthAt zAstrastha (Arya) athavA ziSTa loga jisa artha meM usa zabda kA vyavahAra karate haiM usI artha ko prAmANika mAnA jAyagA / kyoMki ziSTa loga hI zabdArtha-nirNaya meM pramANa hote haiN| jaimini ke isa nirNaya ke AdhAra para hI 'yava' Adi zabdoM ke artha ke viSaya meM yaha nirNaya diyA gayA ki Arya-prasiddhi ke balavAn hone ke kAraNa 'yava' Adi zabdoM ko 'java' (jau) Adi arthoM kA hI vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye / mImAMsA darzana ke isa prasaGga ko taMtravArtika (1.3.4.6) meM nimna zlokoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai : AryAs tAvad viziSyeran adRSTArtheSu karmasu / dRSTArtheSu tu tulyatvam Arya-mleccha-prayogiraNAm // ataH zAstrAbhiyuktatvAd AryAvarta-nivAsinAm / yA matiH saiva dharmAGga-zabdArthatva-pramA matA // abhiyuktatarA ye ye bahu-zAstrArtha-vedinaH / te te yatra prayujyeran sa so'rthastattvato bhavet // saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke pramANa-bhUta prAcAryoM-pANini, kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali Adi ne bhI ziSToM ko na kevala zabdArtha-nirNaya meM hI apitu zabda-svarUpa-nirNaya meM bhI parama pramANa mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se pAriNani kA pRSodarAdIni yathopadiSTam (pA0 6.3.106) tathA usakI mahAbhASya meM milane vAlI vyAkhyA draSTavya hai| isa viSaya meM bhartRhari ne bhI spaSTa kahA hai : bhAva-tattva-dRzaH ziSTAH zabdArtheSu vyavasthitAH / (vApa0 3.13.21) arthAt zabdArtha ke nirNaya meM zabdoM ke tattva-draSTA ziSTa jana hI pramANa haiM / tava ...tu spaSTada-yadi naiyAyikoM kI yaha bAta mAna lI jAya ki asAdhu zabdoM se, bhrama ke kAraNa, artha-bodha hotA hai to mImAMsA darzana kA yaha sArA adhikaraNa tathA vahAM kA niSkarSa nirAdhAra evaM asaMgata ho jAyegA, kyoMki jaba una mlecchoM meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 'prasiddha' asAdhu zabdoM meM vAcakatA zakti hai hI nahIM taba to Arya-prasiddhi kI balavattA svataH hI siddha hai| ataH isa viSaya meM vizeSa vicAra kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| mImAMsaka AcAryoM ne isa samasyA ko vicAraNIya mAna kara jo nirNaya diyA usase yaha spaSTa pramANita hai ki ve asAdhu zabdoM meM bhI 'vAcakatA' zakti ko nizcita rUpa se mAnate haiM / pataMjali ne bhI zabdoM tathA apazabdoM se samAnarUpa meM arthAvabodha kI bAta svIkAra kI hai| dra0 :-samAnAyAm arthAvagatau zabdazcApazabdezca dharma-niyamaH (mahA. bhAga 1 pR0 58) / bhartRhari ne bhI isa tathya ko, "artha-pratyAyanAbhede viparItAsa tvasAdhavaH" (vApa0 1.27) isa kArikA meM artha-pratyAyana, arthAt artha-jJApana, kI dRSTi se sAdhu tathA asAdhu donoM prakAra ke zabdoM ko abhinna mAnate hue, svIkAra kiyA hai| [sAdhu tathA prasAdhu zabdoM kI paribhASA] sAdhutvaM ca vyAkaraNAnvAkhyeyatvaM puNya-janakatAvacchedaka dharmavattvaM vA / tad-bhinnam asAdhutvam / sAdhutva (kI paribhASA) hai vyAkaraNa ke dvArA anvAkhyeya honA tathA puNya (adRSTa abhyudaya vizeSa) ko utpanna karane vAle dharma se yukta honA / ina (donoM vizeSatAoM) se bhinna (rahita) honA asAdhutA (kI paribhASA) hai| jahAM taka sAdhutva tathA asAdhutva kI paribhASA kA prazna hai, vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki pANinIya Adi vyAkaraNoM se jina zabdoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai tathA jo zabda abhyudaya athavA dharma-vizeSa ke utpAdaka haiM ve sAdhu haiM-unameM sAdhutA rUpa dharma hai| jina zabdoM meM ye donoM vizeSatAyeM nahIM haiM, arthAt jo vyAkaraNazAstra se siddha nahIM ho pAte tathA isa rUpa meM abhyudaya-vizeSa ke utpAdaka nahIM haiM, ve asAdhu zabda haiN| yahAM paMkti meM 'vA' pada ko 'vikalpa' kA vAcaka na mAnakara 'samuccaya' artha kA vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki vyAkaraNa ke dvArA anvAkhyeya zabdoM ko hI abhyudaya vizeSa kA utpAdaka mAnA gayA hai| isI tathya ko kAtyAyana ne zAstra-pUrvake prayoge'bhyudayaH (mahA0, bhAga 1, pR0 65) isa vArtika meM spaSTa kiyA hai| isa vArtika kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vyAkaraNa zAstra se zabdoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAna kara jaba unakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba unake isa prakAra ke prayoga se abhyudaya-vizeSa yA puNya kI prApti hotI hai| pataMjali ne bhI spaSTa kahA hai-yad iha pariniSThitaM tat sAdhu arthAt isa vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI sImA meM jo pariniSThita haiM ve zabda athavA prayoga hI sAdhu haiN| ina sAdhu zabdoM ke prayoga se vizeSa abhyudaya kI utpatti kI bAta bhI mahAbhASya kI samAnAyAm arthAvagato zabdazcApazabdezca dharma-niyamaH (mahA0 bhAga 1, pR0 58) isa 1. tulanA karo-vApa0 (1.27); ziSTeibhya bhAgamAt siddhA: sAdhavo dharmasAdhanam / artha-pratyAyanAbhede viparItAs tvasAdhavaH / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 50 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA paMkti meM kahI gaI hai / bhartRhari ne vyAkaraNa ko hI sAdhu zabdoM ke svarUpa jJAna kA eka mAtra AdhAra mAnA hai - tattvAvabodhaH zabdAnAM nAsti vyAkaraNAda Rte ( vApa0 1.13 ) tathA zabda - saMskAra ko paramAtmA kI sAkSAt siddhi rUpa, prabhyudaya - vizeSa kA kAraNa mAnA hai / dra0 tasmAd yaH zabda-saMskAraH sA siddhiH paramAtmanaH / ( vApa01.132 ) [ 'zakti' ke tIna prakAra ] zAstra-ka sA ca zaktis tridhA - 'rUDhiH', 'yogaH', 'yoga- rUDhizca' / -kalpitAvayavArtha-bhAnAbhAve samudAyArtha-nirUpitazAstra - kalpitA - zaktiH 'rUDhiH / yathA - maNi- nUpurAdau / vayavArtha - nirUpitA zaktiH 'yogaH' / yathA- pAcakAdau / zAstra - kalpitAvayavArthAnvita - vizeSya-bhUtArtha-nirUpitA zaktiH 'yogarUDha': / yathA-'paGa kaja' - pade / tatra' 'paGkajani-kartR padmam' iti bodhAt / aura vaha 'zakti' tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-rUr3hi', 'yoga' tathA 'yogarUr3hi / (vyAkaraNa) zAstra ke dvArA kalpita avayavoM (prakRti, pratyaya Adi) ke ( pRthak, pRthak ) artha kA jJAna na hone para bhI ( prakRti-pratyaya ke) samudAya ke artha se bodhita zakti 'rUr3hi ' hai / jaise- 'maNi', 'nUpura' Adi ( zabdoM) meM / (vyAkaraNa) zAstra ke dvArA kalpita avayavoM ('prakRti', 'pratyaya' Adi) ke AdhAra para mAnI gayI zakti 'yoga' hai / jaise -- pAcaka:' Adi (zabdoM) meM / zAstra - kalpita avayavoM ('prakRti', 'pratyaya' ) ke artha se sambaddha ( kisI) pradhAna-bhUta prartha se jJAta zakti 'yogarUr3hi' hai / jaise - 'paMkaja' (zabda) meM / kyoMki yahAM paGka meM 'utpanna hone vAlA kamala' yaha bodha hotA hai / 1. ha0 meM 'tatra' anupalabdha / 2. ha0, baMmi0 - 'bodhaH / 'rUr3hi', 'yoga' tathA zAstra dvArA kalpita athavA yadi avayavoM ke rUr3hi zakti - yahAM 'abhidhA' zakti ke tIna bheda batAye gaye 'yogarUr3ha' | prathama 'rUr3hi' zakti vahAM mAnI gayI jahAM vyAkaraNa 'prakRti', 'pratyaya' rUpa avayavoM ke artha kA jJAna na hotA ho, artha kA jJAna hotA bhI ho to usa avayavArtha se bhinna, 'prakRti' pUre pada kA koI anya artha vyavahAra meM AtA ho| jaise 'maNi', 'nUpura' Adi zabdoM meM 'rUr3hi' zakti kI sattA mAnanI hogI / 'pratyaya' ke samudAyabhUta For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 51 'maNi' zabda meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhvAdigaNa ke 'maraNa' (zabde ) dhAtu tathA 'ini' pratyaya kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / parantu ina avayavoM ke artha kA 'maraNa' pada ke samudAyArtha ( ratna vizeSa ) se koI sambandha nahIM hai / isI prakAra 'nUpura' pada meM do zravayava mAne jA sakate haiM - 'nU' tathA 'pura' prathama 'nU' zabda 'nU' (stutau ) dhAtu se 'kvip' pratyaya karake tathA dUsarA 'pura' zabda 'pur' (agragamane ) dhAtu se 'aca' pratyaya karake niSpanna ho sakatA hai / parantu ina zravayavArthoM kA 'nUpura' zabda ke samudAyArtha ( zralaMkAra vizeSa ) meM koI jJAna nahIM hotA / 'yoga' zakti - 'yoga' zakti kI sthiti vahAM mAnI jAtI hai jahAM vaiyAkaraNoM ne jina jina 'prakRti', 'pratyayoM' athavA avayavoM kA vibhAjana kiyA hai kevala una avayavoM ke artha samudAyArtha meM bhI vidyamAna hoM / vastuta: yahAM 'zakti' ko ina avayavArthoM se hI sambaddha mAnA gayA hai / jaise- 'pAcaka:' Adi zabdoM meM 'yoga' zakti hai / 'pAcaka' zabda meM 'pac' dhAtu se 'NvRl' pratyaya kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai tathA inhIM donoM avayavoM kA sammilita artha hI 'pAcaka' zabda ke samudAyArtha ( pakAne vAlA) ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / tulanA karo :"tad yatra svara-saMskArau samarthoM prAdezikena vikAreNanvitau syAtAm sarvaM prAdezikam " ( nirukta 1.14) zabdoM meM kiyA jAtA hai / zabda | 'paGkaja' zabda meM, 'yogarUr3hi' zakti -- 'yogarUr3hi' zakti una zabdoM meM mAnI jAtI hai jinameM vyAkaraNazAstra dvArA kalpita avayavoM ke artha to hoM, parantu una avayavArthoM se sambaddha pradhAna bhUta artha kucha aura hI hoM / isa vizeSya athavA pradhAnabhUta artha ke AdhAra para bhI 'zakti' kA nirUpaNa ina 'yogarUr3hi zakti' ke udAharaNa haiM-- 'paGkaja' Adi 'paGke jAyate' isa vigraha ke anusAra 'paGka' zabda pUrvaka 'jan' dhAtu se Da pratyaya karake, 'paGka' tathA 'ja' ina do avayavoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| ina donoM avayavoM kA artha (paGka arthAt kIcar3a meM paidA hone vAlA) 'paGkaja' zabda ke samudAyArtha ( kamala) meM hai, kyoMki kamala kIcar3a meM utpanna hotA hai / parantu 'paGkaja' zabda kI 'zakti' kA nirUpaNa isa avayavArtha ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jaataa| kyoMki paGka meM utpanna hone vAlI pratyeka vastu ko 'paGkaja' nahIM kahA jaataa| isaliye avayavArtha se viziSTa jo samudAyArtha ( kamala) hai vaha vizeSya athavA pradhAnabhUta artha hai tathA usI ke AdhAra para 'paGkaja' zabda kI zakti kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / abhidhA zakti ke ina tIna prakAroM- rUr3hi, yoga tathA yogarUr3hi - ko paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne kramazaH 'samudAyazakti', 'kevalAvayavazakti' tathA 'samudAyAvayavazaktisaMkara' nAma diyA hai / draSTavya -- seyam zrabhighA trividhA - samudAyazaktiH kevalAvayavazaktiH, samudAyAvazavazakti- saMkarazca (rasagaMgAdhara, Anana 2, pR0 126 ) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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52 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta - parama- laghu-maMjUSA [' paGkaja' zabda meM lakSaNA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI tathA isake prayogoM meM kahIM kevala 'rUDhi' aura kahIM kevala 'yoga' artha kA bodha hotA hai] padme'nupapatti- pratisandhAnaM sambandha - prati sandhAnaM ca binA na lakSaNAvasaraH / kvacit tAtparya - grAhaka - vazAt kevalarUDhyarthasya kevala-yogArthaMsya ca bodha: - "bhUmau paGkajam utpannam ", " kalhAra kairavamukheSvapi paGkajeSu" ityAdau / spaSTaM cedam "prAhad0i" (5.1.16 ) iti sUtre bhASye / ( ' paGkaja' zabda kI ) padma artha meM, ( vAcyArtha kI ) anupapatti kA vicAra tathA ( vAcyArtha ke sAtha) sambandha kA vicAra kiye binA 'lakSaNA' mAnane kA koI avasara nahIM hai / kucha prayogoM meM tAtparya kA jJApaka hone ke kAraNa kevala 'rUr3hi' artha tathA ( kucha anya prayogoM meM) kevala 'yoga' artha kA jJAna hotA hai / (jaise ) " bhUmi meM paGkaja utpanna huA" ( isa prayoga meM kevala rUr3hi artha kA jJAna tathA ) " kalhAra (choTA kamala ) kairava (kumuda) prAdi pramukha paGkajoM ke rahate hue" ( isa prayoga meM kevala 'yoga' artha kA jJAna hotA hai) yaha tathya "ArhAd0" sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / padme na lakSaNAvasaraH- yahAM yaha zaGkA ho sakatI hai ki 'paGkaja' zabda se kumuda Adi arthoM kI bhI pratIti kahIM-kahIM hotI hI hai, isaliye 'paGkaja' zabda kA vAcyArtha abhidhA vRtti ke dvArA sAdhAraNatayA 'paGka meM utpanna hone vAlA' mAnanA cahiye zraura jahA~ 'paGkaja' zabda kA kamala rUpa vizeSa artha hotA hai, vahAM 'paGkaja' zabda meM abhidhA vRtti na mAnakara lakSaraNA vRtti mAnanI cAhiye / isa zaGkA kA uttara nAgeza ne yaha diyA hai ki lakSaNA vRtti vahAM mAnI jAtI hai| jahAM zabda kA usake vAcyArtha meM anvaya na ho sake tathA vAcya artha aura lakSya artha kA paraspara sambandha ho / jaise- 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' (gaMgA meM ghosiyoM kA ghara hai) isa prayoga meM 'gaGgA' zabda ke vAcyArtha - ( nadI athavA jalapravAha) ke sAtha 'ghoSaH' kA sambandha nahIM banatA kyoMki nadI meM ghara nahIM ho sakatA / parantu 'gaGgA' zabda ke lakSyArtha 'taTa' kA, 'gaGgA' zabda ke vAcyArtha nadI ke sAtha sAmIpya Adi sambandha hotA hI hai / 'paGkaja' zabda ke prayoga meM lakSaNA vRtti ke liye Avazyaka, ye donoM hI hetu vidyAmAna nahIM haiM, isaliye usameM lakSaNA vRtti na mAnakara 'zakti' yA zrabhidhA vRtti hI mAnanI hogI / - kavacid ityAdau - ina paMktiyoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'yogarUr3hi' ke kucha prayogoM meM aisI sthiti pAyI jAtI hai, jisameM kevala 'rUr3hi' artha kA hI bodha hotA 1. ha0 -- sUtrabhASye / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa hai| jaise- "bhUmi para paGkaja (kamala) utpanna humaa"| yahAM 'paGkaja' zabda meM 'paGka jAyate' isa yaugikArtha athavA avayavArtha kI thor3I sI bhI pratIti nahIM hotii| kyoMki yahAM bhUmi (sthala) para kamalotpatti kI bAta kahI gayI hai-paMka yA jala meM nhiiN| isI prakAra dUsare udAharaNa-"kalhAra tathA kairava Adi pramukha paGkajoM (kamaloM) ke rahate hue" isa prayoga meM 'paGkaja' zabda meM 'rUr3hi' artha kI kucha bhI pratIti nahIM hotI kyoMki kalhAra tathA kairava rUr3hi ke anusAra kamala nahIM hai| vastutaH 'yogarUr3hi' ko vidvAnoM ne do prakAra kA mAnA hai-pahalA vaha jisameM kucha 'yoga' artha tathA kucha 'rUDhi' artha kA bodha hotA hai, jaise 'paGkaja' Adi zabda / dUsarA prakAra vaha hai jisameM kahIM kevala 'rUDhi' artha kI pratIti hotI hai, to kahIM kevala 'yoga' artha kii| isa dUsare prakAra meM hI ye Upara ke udAharaNa prAte haiM / spaSTaM cedam ... bhASye-pANini ke 'prArhAd' (pA0 5.1.16) isa sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali ne isI tathya kI ora saMketa karate hue nimna vAkya kahe haiM-prAha ayam parimAraNaM yA saMkhyeti, na cAsti saMkhyA parimANam, tatra vacanAd iyatI vivakSA bhaviSyati / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pANini ne saMkhyAyAH saMjJAsaGgha-sUtrAdhyayaneSu (pA 5.1.58.) meM 'parimAraNa' ko 'saMkhyA' kA vizeSaNa mAnA hai, kyoMki isa sUtra meM pahale sUtra tadasya parimANam (pA 5.1.57) se 'parimANa' pada kI anuvRtti A rahI hai / parantu saMkhyA kabhI bhI 'parimANa' arthAt mApavizeSa, nahIM bana sakatI, kyoMki vaha to kevala bheda yA bhinnatA artha kA hI bodha karAtI hai| vaha 'mAna' yA 'parimANa' ko kabhI bhI nahIM khtii| isIlie saMkhyA ko sabhI prakAra ke 'mAna' se bhinna mAnA jAtA hai| dra0 "sakhyA bAjhA tu sarvataH bhedamAtraM bravItyeSA, neSA mAnaM kutazcana // (mahA0 5.1.19) isa prakAra yadi 'parimANa' zabda kA rUDhi artha, arthAt mApa vizeSa, hI liyA jAya taba pANini kA uparyukta sUtra asaMgata ho jAtA hai| ataH AcArya pANini ke vacana-sAmarthya se yahAM 'parimAraNa' zabda ko rUr3hi na mAna kara, use yogarUDhi mAnate hue usakA kevala yaugika yA yoga artha-'paricchedakatAmAtra' hI abhipreta mAnanA caahiye| isa rUpa meM pataMjali ke isa kathana ke anusAra yahAM kA 'parimANa' zabda 'yogarUr3hi' ke usa prakAra kA udAharaNa hai, jisameM kevala 'yaugika' artha hI abhipreta hai| kucha loga aise sthaloM meM bhI lakSaNA mAnate haiN| dra0-IdRze viSaye lakSaNA ityanye (mahA0 udyota, 5.1.16) ['yogikarUDhi' ko paribhASA] azvagandhAdipadam aoSadhivizeSe 'rUDham' / azvasambandhigandhavattayA vAjizAlAbodhe 'yaugikam' / idaM 'yaugikarUDham, For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ityucyate / evaM 'maNDapa-padaM' gRhavizeSe 'rUDham', maNDapAnakartari 'yaugikm| _ 'azvagandhA' Adi pada eka auSadhi-vizeSa ke liye rUr3ha haiN| (parantu) azvasambandhI gandha se yukta hone ke kAraNa ('azvagandhA' zabda se) azvazAlA ke bogha meM (vaha zabda) 'yaugika' hai| isa (prakAra ke zabda) ko 'yaugikarUr3hi' kahA jAtA hai / isI prakAra 'maNDapa' zabda gRha ke eka bhAga vizeSa ke artha meM 'rUr3ha' hai / (parantu) 'maoNDa' pIne vAle (ke artha) meM (vaha zabda) 'yaugika' hai| azvagandhA (athavA asagandhA) eka vizeSa auSadhi ko kahate hai, jisakA avayavArtha (azva ke gandha ke samAna gandha vAlA) se koI sambandha nahIM dikhAI detaa| isaliye isa auSadhi-vizeSa ke artha meM 'azvagandhA' zabda ko 'rUr3hi' mAnanA cAhiye / parantu azva ke gandha se yukta astabala ke liye yadi isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAya to vahA~ yaugikArtha yA avayavArtha ke vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa, yaha zabda 'yaugika' hogaa| isa taraha vizeSa prauSadhi kI vAcakatA kI dRSTi se 'azvagandhA' zabda 'rUDhi' tathA vAjizAlA ke vAcaka ke rUpa meM 'yaugika' hai| ataH isa prakAra ke zabdoM ko yaugikarUr3hi' kahA jAtA hai| __'maNDapa' bhI isI prakAra kA zabda hai| kyoMki jaba 'sabhA-maNDapa' yA 'yajJa-maNDapa' jaise zabdoM meM isakA prayoga 'ghara ke UparI bhAga' Adi arthoM ke liye kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki avayavArtha kA koI jJAna nahIM hotA, taba 'maNDapa' zabda 'rUr3hi' hai| parantu, 'maNDaM pibatIti maNDapaH' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra, jaba mAMDa pIne vAle ke liye 'maNDapa' zanda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba yaha zabda 'yaugika' bana jAtA hai| 'yogarUr3hi' tathA 'yaugikarUr3hi' kA antara-'yogarUr3hi' zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai-'yogena sahitA rUr3hi: yogarUr3hi:', arthAt jahAM zabda meM prakRti-pratyaya kA yoga susaMgata to ho jAya para phira bhI zabda kisI eka padArtha meM hI 'rUr3ha' ho gayA ho| jaise Upara pradarzita 'paGkaja' Adi zabda, jinameM 'yaugika' artha ('paGka meM utpanna honA) se anvita 'rUDhi' artha (kamala) kA bodha hotA hai| dra0-yaugikArtha-buddhi -rUpa-sahakAri-lAbhAd viziSTArthopasthApakatvaM rUr3ha : yogarUDhatvam (nyAyakoza) arthAt 'yaugika' artha ke jJAnarUpa sahakArI ke sAtha 'rUr3hi' ke dvArA kisI viziSTa artha ko prastuta karanA 'yogarUr3hitA' parantu 'yaugikarUr3hi' zakti una zabdoM meM mAnI jAtI hai jinameM 'yaugika' artha tathA 'rUr3hi' artha kI svataMtra rUpa se pRthak 2 prayogoM meM pratIti ho / 'yaugikarUr3hi' zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai-'yaugikaM ca tad rUr3ha ca' arthAt jo 'yaugika' bhI ho tathA sAtha hI 'rUr3hi' bhI ho-eka hI zabda kA kahIM 'yaugika' rUpa meM prayoga ho tathA kahIM 'rUr3hi rUpa meN| isakA dUsarA nAma 'rUr3hayaugika' bhI milatA hai (dra0-zabdazaktiprakAzikA, zloka-15) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 55 'yogarUr3hi' ko to 'zakti' mAnA jAtA hai para 'yaugika rUr3hi' ko 'zakti' nahIM mAnA jaataa| kyoMki yaha to 'yoga' tathA 'rUr3hi' donoM kA eka sammilita nAma hai / para 'yogarUr3hi' ko 'zakti' isaliye mAnA jAtA hai ki vahAM 'yogaviziSTa rUr3hitA' ke kAraNa 'yaugika' artha se viziSTa eka hI artha kI pratIti hotI hai| aisA nahIM hotA ki vahI prayoga kahIM 'yaugika' rUpa meM dikhAI de to kahIM 'rUr3hi' ke rUpa meM / 'yaugikarUr3hi' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa 'naiyAyikoM ne 'udbhid' zabda ko prastuta kiyA hai / isa zabda kA 'yaugika' rUpa meM prayoga latA paudhe Adi ke liye hotA hai / dra0udbhavas tarugulmAdyA: ( amara0, 3.1.51 ) / kyoMki yahAM avayavArtha kI pratIti hotI hai / parantu ubhid nAmaka yAga ke liye isa zabda kA prayoga 'rUr3hi' rUpa meM hotA hai / drao - udbhidA yajeta pazukAma: ( tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa 19.7.1 - 3 ) / ' udbhid' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM mImAMsA (1.4.1.2 ) meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| azvagandhA tathA 'maNDapa' zabda bhI isI taraha 'yaugika rUr3hi ke udAharaNa haiM / yoM to 'paGkaja' zabda bhI, jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, 'bhUmau paGkajam utpannam' ityAdi prayogoM meM kevala 'rUr3hi' artha kA tathA kalhAra kairavamukheSvapi paGkajeSu' ityAdi prayogoM meM kevala 'yaugika' artha kA vAcaka hai / parantu ise 'yaugikarUr3hi' kA udAharaNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kyoMki eka sthAna para kevala 'yaugika' tathA eka sthAna para kevala 'rUr3hi' mAnane para 'paGa kaja' ko nAnArthaka zabda mAnanA hogAjabaki yaha nAnArthaka nahIM hai / 'paGkaja' zabda kevala kamala jAti yA kamala ke vividha bhedoM kA hI vAcaka hai / isaliye 'yogarUr3hi' zakti ko hI vahAM tAtparyavaza donoM'yaugika' tathA 'rUr3hi'- arthoM kA vAcaka mAnanA caahiye| isI liye nAgeza ne use 'tAtparya-grAhaka-vazAt' kahakara 'yogarUr3hi kA hI udAharaNa svIkAra kiyA hai / [ saMyoga Adi ke dvArA 'prabhidhA zakti' kA niyamana hotA hai] 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saiSA zaktiH saMyogAdibhir nAnArtheSu niyamyate / taduktaM hariNA saMyogo' viprayogazca sAhacaryaM virodhitA / prarthaH prakaraNaM liGgaM zabdasyAnyasya sannidhiH / sAmarthyam zracitI dezaH kAlo vyaktiH svarAdayaH / zabdArthasyAnavacchede vizeSasmRti-hetavaH / / bApa* 2 315 meM yahA~ 'saMsargo' pATha 1 ( vApa0 2. 315-16) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 56 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ete saMyogAdayo nAnArtheSu zabdeSu zabdArthasya pranavacchede sandehe tadapAkaraNa - dvArA vizeSArtha nirNAyakA iti tadarthaH / isa prakAra kI yaha 'zakti' aneka artha vAle zabdoM meM 'saMyoga' Adi ke AdhAra para niyantrita hotI hai / ( isa prasaGga meM) bhartRhari ne yaha kahA hai ---- "saMyoga, viprayoga, sAhacarya, virodha, artha, prakaraNa, liGga (vizeSa cinha ) anya zabda kI samIpatA, sAmarthya, aucitya, deza, kAla, vyakti (strIliGga, pulliGga tathA napuMsakaliGga), svara ( udAtta Adi) Adi zabdArtha-viSayaka sandeha meM vizeSa artha ke nirNAyaka hote haiM" / ye 'saMyoga' Adi aneka artha vAle zabdoM meM, zabdArtha ke anizcaya kI sthiti meM, sandeha hone para, usa ( sandeha) kA nirAkaraNa karake vizeSa artha ke nirNAyaka hote haiM yaha ina ( kArikAoM) kA artha hai / aneka artha vAle zabda kA prayoga hone para kisI vizeSa artha meM usakI vAcakatA zakti kA nirNaya kisa prakAra hogA isake liye vibhinna prAdhAra batAte hue nAgeza ne isa prasaGga meM bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya (dvitIya kANDa) se uparyukta do kArikAyeM uddhata kI haiM / parantu dvitIya kANDa ke isa prakaraNa meM ina kArikAoM se pahale eka aura kArikA nimna rUpa meM milatI hai vAkyAt prakaraNAt zrarthAd bhaucityAd dezakAlataH / zabdArthAH pravibhajyante na rUpAdeva kevalAt // ( 2.314 ) arthAt vAkya, prakaraNa, artha, praucitya deza tathA kAla ke AdhAra para zabdArtha kA nirNaya huA karatA hai, kevala rUpa ke AdhAra para nahIM / isa kArikA kI TIkA ke uparAnta saMsargoM viprayogazca 0 tathA sAmarthyamaucitI0 ina do kArikAoM kI avatAraNA karate hue TIkAkAra puNyarAja ne yaha kahA hai ki zabdArtha ke nirNaya ke hetu ke rUpa meM anya vidvAnoM ne saMsarga Adi hetunoM kA pradarzana kiyA hai jinakA varNana bhartRhari yahA~ karane jA rahe haiM / dra0 - " tathA cAparaiH saMsargAdayaH zabdArthAvacchedahetavaH pradarzitA ityAha" (raghunAtha zarmA sampAdita, puNyarAja kI TIkA pR0 420 ) prathama kArikA 'vAkyAt prakaraNAt' ko dekhate hue puNyarAja kI bAta kucha ThIka bhI pratIta hotI hai / kyoMki usameM parigaNita prakaraNa, artha, aucitya, deza tathA kAla kA anya do kArikAoM - sa sargo viprayogazca0 tathA sAmarthya mocitI0 meM punaH kathana huA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki ye donoM kArikAyeM bhartRhari ne anya prAcAryoM ke mata ke rUpa meM prastuta kI haiM, yaha unakA apanA abhimata nahIM hai / jo bhI ho - ina kArikAoM meM pradarzita hetuoM ke AdhAra para zabdArtha kA nirNaya to hotA hI hai / 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 50 ina sabhI hetuoM meM 'sAmarthya' eka pradhAna hetu hai tathA yadi 'sAmarthya' ko usake vyApaka artha meM liyA jAya to uparinirdiSTa sabhI anya hetuoM kA eka usameM hI antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| isIliye kucha vidvAn kevala 'sAmarthya' ko hI zabdArtha-nirNaya meM ekamAtra kAraNa mAnate haiM / dra0--kecit sAmarthyam evaikaM zabdArtha-nirNaya-nimittam iti manyante (puNya rAjaTIkA 2.316) / nAgezabhaTTa ne bhI kucha vidvAnoM ke isa mata kA spaSTataH ullekha kiyA hai-atra sAmarthyameva eka mukhyaM nirNAyaka, saMyogAdayastad vyaJjaka-prapaJcaH / taiH sAmarthyasyaiva abhivyakteH iti pare (laghumaMjUSA, pR0 111) [sa yoga prAdi ke udAharaNa] saMyogaviprayogayorudAharaNe 'savatsA dhenuH', 'avatsA dhenuH' iti / 'sAhacaryasya' rAmalakSmaNau iti / 'sAhacarya' sAdRzyam, sadRzayoreva saha prayogaH iti niyamAt / 'rAmArjunagatistayoH' ityatra 'virodhena' tat / 'aJjalinA juhoti', 'aJjalinA sUryam upatiSThate', ityatra 'juhoti' ityAdi-padArtha-vazAda-aJjali' padasya tata-tad prAkArAMjali-paratvam / 'saindhavam prAnaya' ityAdau 'prakaraNena' tat / aktAH zarkarA upadadhAti ityAdau tejo vai ghRtam iti ghRta-stuti-rUpAl 'liGgAd' aktAH ityasya ghRtsaadhnkaaNjnprtvm| 'rAmo jAmadagnyaH' iti 'jAmadagni'-pada-'sannidhAnAd' rAmaH prshuraamH| 'abhirUpAya kanyA deyA' ityAdau 'abhirUpatarAya' iti 'sAmarthyAt pratIyate / yazca nimbaM parazunA yazcainaM madhusarpiSA | yazcainaM gamdha-mAlyAdyaiH sarvasya kaTureva' saH' / ityatra 'aucityAt' 'parazunA' ityasya chedanArthatvam / 'madhusarpiSA' ityasya secanArthatvam / 'gandhamAlyAdyaiH' ityasya pUjanArthatvam / 'bhAtyatra paramezvaraH' ityatra 1. nisa0, kAprazu0, 'ityAdI' / 2. ha0-sAdhanAMjanaparatvam / 3. ha-tiktaeva / 4. kuvalayAnanda meM 'tulyayogitA' alaMkAra ke eka prakAra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM tathA vAkyapadIya (2.316) kI puNyarAja kI TIkA meM 'aucitya' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yaha zloka udghata hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 58 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA rAjadhAnI - rUpa- dezAt' 'paramezvara' - padaM rAjabodhakam / 'citrabhAnurbhAti' ityAdI rAtrau agnI, divA sUrye / 'vyakti': liGgam | ' mitro bhAti', 'mitraM bhAti' ityAdau Adau sUrye, grantye suhRt / 'sthUlapRSatIm' ityAdau 'svarAt' tatpuruSa - bahuvrIhyartha - nirNayaH / iti zakti-nirUpaNam 'saMyoga' tathA 'viprayoga' ke kramazaH udAharaNa haiM- 'vatsa ke sahita dhenu' tathA 'vatsa se rahita dhenu' / 'sAhacarya' kA 'rAma aura lakSmaNa' | "do sadRzoM kA hI eka sAtha prayoga hotA hai" isa niyama ke kAraNa 'sAhacarya' kA abhiprAya sAdRzya hai / 'una donoM kI rAma-arjuna kI gati (dazA yA sthiti) hai' ityAdi meM 'virodha' ke AdhAra para ('rAma' zabda ke artha kA ) nirNaya hotA hai / 'aJjali se havana karatA hai' 'praJjali se sUryopasthAna karatA hai' yahAM 'havana' Adi padoM ke artha ke kAraNa 'aJjali' pada kA bhinna-bhinna AkAra vAlI 'aJjali' artha hotA hai / saindhava lAo' ityAdi meM prakaraNa se ( namaka yA azva rUpa ) artha kA nirNaya hotA hai / "ghRta nizcaya hI teja hai" isa ghRtastuti rUpa liGga' se 'aktA:' isa pada kA artha 'ghRta se hI kaMkar3oM ko cupar3anA cAhiye' artha hotA hai / 'jAmadagnya ( jamadagni kA putra) rAma' yahAM 'jAmadagnya' pada ke samIpa ( prayukta) hone ke kAraNa 'rAma' kA artha 'parazurAma' nizcita hotA hai / 'abhirUpa ( sundara athavA vidvAn ) ko putrI denI cAhiye' ityAdi meM 'sAmarthya' se 'abhirUpa' kA artha 'abhirUpatara' (yogyatara) pratIta hotA hai / 'jo (manuSya) nIma (vRkSa) ko parazu se, jo madhu tathA ghRta se, jo sugandhiyukta dravya tathA mAlA Adi se (una) sabhI ke liye kaTu hI hotA hai" - yahAM 'praucitya' ke kAraNa 'parazu' kA anvaya kATane meM, 'madhu' tathA 'ghRta' kA anvaya siJcana meM tathA 'sugandhiyukta dravya aura mAlA Adi' kA anvaya pUjana meM hotA hai| 'yahA~ paramezvara suzobhita ho rahA hai' isa prayoga meM rAjadhAnI rUpa 'sthAna' ke kAraNa 'paramezvara' pada 'rAjA' artha kA bodhaka hai / 'citrabhAnu' ( sUrya athavA agni) camaka rahA hai, ityAdi meM ('citrabhAnu' zabda kA) rAtri ke samaya agni meM tathA dina ke samaya sUrya meM anvaya hogA / 'vyakti' (arthAt) 'liGga' (puliGga, strIliGga, napuMsakaliGga) | 'mitra suzobhita hotA hai' ityAdi meM 'puliGga' 'mitra' zabda ('mitra: ' ) kA prayoga hone para 'mitra' zabda kA artha 'sUrya' hogA aura 'napuMsaka liGga' vAle 'mitra' zabda ( mitram ) kA prayoga hone para 'mitra' (sakhA ) artha hogA / 'sthUla- pRSatIm' ityAdi meM 'svara (udAtta zrAdi) ke AdhAra para tatpuruSa samAsa yA bahuvrIhi samAsa ke artha kA nirNaya hogA / 5: i0 meM 'yAdo' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti - nirUpaNa saMyoga tathA viprayoga - 'saMyoga' kA abhiprAya hai prasiddha sambandha tathA 'viprayoga' kA artha hai usa prasiddha sambandha kA vinAza athavA prabhAva | 'saMyoga' tathA 'viprayoga' ke kramaza: udAharaNa haiM- 'vatsa ke sahita dhenu' tathA 'vatsa se rahita dhenu' / 'dhenu' zabda ke 'nava prasUtA gAya', 'bhaiMsa', 'azva', tathA 'strI' Adi aneka artha hote haiM / parantu yahAM 'savatsA' tathA 'avatsA' ina vizeSaraNoM se sUcita 'vatsa ke saMyoga' tathA 'viprayoga' dvArA yaha nirNaya ho jAtA hai ki ina prayogoM meM 'dhenu' kA artha 'gAya' hI hai, kyoMki 'vatsa' gAya ke saMdyaH prasUta bacce ko hI kahate haiM, isaliye vatsa kA saMyoga tathA viprayoga kevala gAya ke sAtha hI ho sakatA hai, kisI anya ke sAtha nahIM / 56 sAhacarya - 'sAhacarya' kA artha hai sAdRzya, kyoMki do sadRza prANiyoM yA vastunoM kA hI eka sAtha prayoga saMbhava hai| isI tathya ko batAte hue pataJjali ne "viparAbhyAM jeH " ( pA0 1.3.19) sUtra ke bhASya meM yaha kahA ki tasyAsya konyo dvitIyaH sahAyo bhavitum arhati zranyad zrata upasargAt / tadyathA zrasya godvitIyenArthaH iti gaurevopAdIyate, nAzvo na gardabhaH arthAt isa upasarga 'vi' kA sahayogI isa 'parA' upasarga ke atirikta aura dUsarA kauna ho sakatA hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kI paribhASA - sahacaritAsahacaritayoH sahacaritasyaiva grahaNam (paribhASenduzekhara, pari0 sa0 112 ) bhI isI tathya ko prakaTa karatI hai / 'sAhacarya' kA udAharaNa hai 'rAmalakSmaNau' (rAma tathA lakSmaNa) / yahA~ yadyapi 'rAma' zabda ke 'sArasa', 'parazurAma', 'balarAma', 'rAmacandra', 'abhirAma' ityAdi aneka artha haiM, parantu 'lakSmaraNa' zabda ke sAhacarya se 'rAma' kA artha dazarathaputra 'rAmacandra hI ho sakatA hai| virodha - do virodhiyoM ke eka sAtha kathana se bhI artha kA nirNaya hotA hai / isakA udAharaNa hai-- 'rAmArjuna gatistayo:' (rAma tathA arjuna kI virodhI sthiti ke samAna una donoM kI sthiti hai ) / yahAM sahasrArjuna kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa 'rAma' kA abhiprAya 'parazurAma' hI ho sakatA hai / dazaratha - putra rAmacandra ityAdi nahIM / isI prakAra parazurAma kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa 'arjuna' kA abhiprAya sahasrArjuna hI ho sakatA hai, yudhiSThira kA bhAI arjuna ityAdi nahIM / artha - 'artha' sa tAtparya hai - kisI vizeSa pada kA artha, prayojana yA kisI aura taraha se siddha na hone vAlA phala / isakA udAharaNa hai- 'aJjalinA' juhoti ( aJjali se havana karatA hai) tathA 'aJjalinA sUryam upatiSThate' (praJjali se sUrya kA upasthAna yA upAsanA karatA hai) / pahale prayoga meM 'havana karanA' rUpa vizeSa 'artha' ke kAraNa 'aJjali' kA artha hai 'gola aura gaDDhe vAlI' aJjali | parantu dUsare prayoga meM 'upAsanA karanA' rUpa artha ke kAraNa 'aJjali' kA abhiprAya hai 'donoM hAtha jur3e hue haiM jisameM aisI aJjali' | 'artha' zabda kA eka aura abhiprAya hai 'prayojana', usakI dRSTi se 'artha' kA udAharaNa ho sakatA hai - " sthANu N vande bhavacchide" (mokSaprApti ke liye sthANu, arthAt bhagavAn zaGkara, kI vandanA karatA hU~) / yahAM mokSaprApti rUpa prayojana ke kAraNa 'sthANu' kA artha zaGkara mAnanA hogA / For Private and Personal Use Only prakaraNa athavA prasaGgaH --- yadi bhojana ke 'prakaraNa' meM 'saindhavam Anaya' ( saindhava lAmo) kahA gayA to vahAM 'saindhava' kA artha namaka hogA / parantu yadi prasthAna ke prasaMga meM vahI vAkya kahA gayA to saindhava kA artha hogA sindhudezIya azva /

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA liGga-'liGga' kA abhiprAya hai koI vizeSa saMketa yA cinha / isakA udAharaNa hai-aktA zarkarAH upadadhAti (cupar3e hue kaMkar3oM ke vedI ke pAsa rakhatA hai)| isa vAkya ke sAtha hI yaha kahA gayA ki tejo vai ghRtam (ghRta nizcaya hI teja hai)| yaha 'arthavAda' yA prazaMsAparaka vAkya hI yahAM yaha saMketa detA hai ki ghRta se kaMkar3a cupar3e jAne cAhiye tela yA carbI Adi kisI anya padArtha se nhiiN| anya zabda kI sannidhi athavA sAmIpya-vidvAnoM ne 'sannidhi' kA artha samAnAdhikaraNatA yA samAnArthakatA mAnA hai| isIliye samAnAdhikaraNatA na hone ke kAraNa, 'sazaMkha-cakro hariH' ko 'zaGkha-cakra' pada ke sAmIpya kA udAharaNa na mAnakara saMyoga' kA hI udAharaNa mAnA jAtA hai / 'sannidhi' kA udAharaNa hai-'rAmo jAmadagnyaH / (jamagni ke putra raam)| yahAM 'rAma' tathA 'jAmadagnya' meM samAnAdhikaraNatA athavA samAnArthakatA hai / isaliye 'rAma' pada se parazurAma kA hI bodha hotA hai| sAmarthya-'sAmarthya' kA abhiprAya hai 'samarthatA' yA 'kAraNatA' (kAraNa bnnaa)| 'zabda-niSTha' tathA 'artha-niSTha' hone ke kAraNa 'sAmarthya' do prakAra kA hotA hai| zabdaniSTha sAmarthya kA udAharaNa hai-'abhirUpAya kanyA deyA' (sundara yA yogya vyakti ko kanyA denI caahiye)| yahAM 'abhirUpa' kA abhiprAya, 'abhirUpa' zabda meM vidyamAna 'sAmathyaM' ke AdhAra para, abhirUpatara (atyanta sundara yA yogya) kiyA jAtA hai| artha-niSTha 'sAmathyaM' kA udAharaNa hai -- 'madhunA mattaH kokilaH' (vasanta ke kAraNa matta koyl)| yahAM 'madhu' zabda ke artha (vasanta) meM hI sAmarthya vidyamAna hai kyoMki vasanta hI kokila ko matta banA sakatA hai / ataH yahAM 'madhu' kA artha vasanta hI hogaa| dra0-pranyasya madhuzabdArthasya kokila-mAdanAsAmarthyAta (kAvyaprakAza, pradIpa TIkA, AnandAzrama saMskaraNa pR0 64) praucitI-'aucitya' kA abhiprAya hai yogyatA yA ucita kA bhaav| isa hetu ke AdhAra para "nIma ke vRkSa ko jo manuSya parazu se, jo madhu tathA ghRta se, jo sugandhita dravyoM tathA mAlA Adi se, sabhI ke liye vaha kaTu hI hotA hai", isa kathana meM 'parazu' kA anvaya 'chedana' kriyA meM, 'madhu' tathA 'ghRta' kA anvaya 'siJcana' kriyA meM tathA 'gandha', 'mAlA' Adi kA anvaya 'pUjana' kriyA meM hotA hai| 'sAmarthya' tathA 'paucitya' meM antara-'sAmarthya' tathA 'mocitya' meM antara yaha hai ki 'sAmarthya' meM samarthatA yA kAraNatA para adhika bala hai, jaba ki 'aucitya' meM 'ucitatA' para / 'madhunA mattaH kokilaH' isa 'sAmarthya' ke udAharaNa meM 'madhu' ke artha 'basanta' meM hI yaha zakti yA kAraNatA vidyamAna hai ki vaha kokila ko matavAlI banA sake anya 'pAsava' Adi arthoM meM vaha zakti yA sAmarthya nahIM hai| 'sAmarthya' tathA 'paucitya' meM antara karane kI dRSTi se, 'aucitya' kA jo udAharaNa "pAtu vo dayitAmukham" (preyasI kI sammukhatA tumhArI rakSA kare) mammaTa Adi ne diyA hai vaha adhika upayukta hai| kyoMki vahA~ ucitatA kI spaSTa pratIti hotI hai| preyasI ke sAmmukhya ke dvArA usake premI kI rakSA kiye jAne meM adhika 'aucitya' hai, yoM rakSA karane kA sAmarthya to rakSA ke anya sAdhanoM se bhI sambhava hai| yazca nimbaM parazunA0 ityAdi jo yahAM 'aucitya' kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai usa meM bhI 'sAmarthya' tathA 'aucitya' kA antara isI rUpa meM dekhanA caahiye| yahAM 'parazunA' ityAdi meM 'unakI 'chedana' Adi kI dRSTi se kAraNatA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti-nirUpaNa 61 para bala na hokara isa bAta para bala hai ki parazu ke dvArA nIma ke kATane meM hI maucitya hai| svara-'svara' kA abhiprAya hai svara varNoM ke udAtta, anudAtta, svarita ityAdi dhrm| inake ke AdhAra para artha kA nirdhAraNa prAyaH vedoM yA brAhmaNa granthoM meM hI prApta hotA hai| yahAM nAgeza ne jo 'sthUla-pRSatI' kA udAharaNa diyA hai vaha bhI laukika udAharaNa nahIM hai| _ 'sthUla pRSatI' isa pada meM 'karmadhAraya tatpuruSa' ('sthUlA cAso pRSatI ca, arthAt moTI aura citakabarI gAya) mAnA jAya yA bahuvrIhi-samAsa (sthUlAni pRSanti yasyAm arthAt bar3e 2 dhabboM vAlI gAya) yaha sandeha upasthita hotA hai / isa sandeha kA nivAraNa 'svara' ke AdhAra para hI ho sakatA hai| vaha isa prakAra ki yadi yaha pada samAsasya (pA0 6.1.223) ke anusAra antodAtta hai taba to yahAM 'karmadhAraya tatpuruSa' samAsa mAnanA hogA para yadi bahuvrIhI prakRtyA pUrvapadam (pA0 6.2.1) sUtra ke anusAra sthUla pRSatI' pada meM pUrvapada-prakRti-svara hai to 'bahuvrIhi' samAsa mAnA jAyagA / 'svara' ke artha-nirNAyaka hone kI bAta pataMjali ne bhI mahAbhASya ke paspazAnhika meM nimna zabdoM meM kahI hai :-yAjJikAH paThanti "sthUlapRSatIm AgnivAruNIm anaDvAhIm pAlabheta" iti / tasyAM sandehaH 'sthUlA cAsau pRSatI ca sthUla-pRSatI' iti 'sthUlAni vA puSanti yasyAH seyaM sthUlapRSatI" iti ? tAM nAvaiyAkaraNaH svarato'dhyavasyati-yadi pUrva- pada-prakRtisvaratvaM tato bahubrIhiH atha samAsAntodAttatvaM tatastatpuruSa iti / mahA0 bhAga 1, pR0 21 prAdi-kArikA meM vidyamAna 'pAdi' pada se 'Satva' 'satva' 'Natva', 'natva' jaise hetuoM kA grahaNa puNyarAja Adi TIkAkAroM ne kiyA hai| jaise 'susiktam' tathA 'pratistutam' meM 'satva' ko dekhakara 'su' tathA 'ati' kA artha kramazaH 'pUjA' tathA 'atikramaNa' hai yaha nirNaya ho jAtA hai, kyoMki inhIM arthoM meM suH pUjAyAm (pA0 1.4.64) tathA atiratikramaNe ca (pA0 1.4.65) ina sUtroM dvArA uparyukta prayogoM meM 'su' tathA 'ati' kI 'karmapravacanIya' 'saMjJA' mAnI gaI hai| 'karma-pravacanIya' saMjJA ho jAne ke bAda, AkaDArAd ekA saMjJA (pA0 1.4.1) sUtra ke anusAra 'ekA saMjJA' kA niyama hone ke kAraNa, ina donoM kI 'upasarga' saMjJA na ho skii| aura 'upasarga' saMjJA na hone ke kAraNa ina donoM prayogoM meM dhAtu ke 'sa' ko 'Satva' nahIM ho skaa| isake viparIta 'suSiktam' tathA 'atiSTutam' prayogoM meM, jahAM Satva ho jAtA hai, 'pUjA' tathA 'atikramaNa' se bhinna 'nindA' Adi artha mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki ina donoM prayogoM meM 'su' tathA 'ati' kI, ina donoM arthoM se bhinna artha hone ke kAraNa hI 'karmapravacanIya' saMjJA na hokara, 'upasarga' saMjJA ho gayI hai, jisase inameM 's' ko 'Satva' ho gyaa| isI prakAra 'praNAyakaH' meM 'Natva' ke kAraNa praNayana kriyA ke kartA kI pratIti hotI hai, kyoMki yahAM 'nI' dhAtu ke prati 'pra' kI 'upasarga' saMjJA hone ke kAraNa ('Nopadeza' raNI prApaNe) dhAtu ke 'nakAra' ko upasargAd asamAse'pi Nopadezasya (pA. 8.4.14) sUtra se Natva ho jAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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62 vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta-parama- laghu maMjUSA parantu 'pranAyaka : ' meM gatvAbhAva ke kAraNa 'pragatA nAyakA zrasmAd dezAd aso pranAyako deza:' isa vigraha ke anusAra anyapadArtha (deza) kI pratIti hotI hai / yahAM isa vigraha ke kAraNa 'gam' dhAtu ke prati 'pra' kI 'upasarga' saMjJA hai, 'nI' dhAtu ke prati nhiiN| kyoMki yaha niyama hai ki yaM prati prAdayaH prayuktAstaM prati gatyupasargasajJA bhavanti / yahAM 'gam' dhAtu ke sAtha 'pra' prayukta hai, isaliye 'nI' ke sAtha usakI 'upasarga' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI / ataH 'pra' kI upasarga saMjJA ke prabhAva meM uparyukta sUtra se yahA~ 'Natva' nahIM ho sakA /

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNam [lakSaNA vRtti ke viSaya meM nayAyikoM kA mata] nanu lakSaNA kaH padArtha iti cet ? atra tArkikAH- "sva zakyasambandho lakSaNA" / sA dvidhA-'gauNI' 'zuddhA' ca / svanirUpita-sAdRzyAdhikaraNatva sambandhena zakyasambandhyarthapratipAdikA 'gauNI' / tadatirikta sambandhena zakyasambandhyartha pratipAdikA 'shuddhaa'| lakSaNA kyA vastu hai ? isa viSaya meM naiyAyika kahate haiM - "apane zakya (vAcyArtha) kA sambandha lakSaNA hai"| vaha do prakAra kI hotI hai - 'gauNI' tathA 'zuddhA' / apane 'sAdRzya' sambandha dvArA vAcyArtha se sambaddha artha ko batAne vAlI 'gauraNI' (lakSaNA) hai| 'sAdRzya' se bhinna sambandha ke dvArA vAcyArtha se sambaddha artha ko batAne vAlI zuddhA (lakSaNA) hai| vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn 'lakSaNA' vRtti nahIM maante| parantu naiyAyika Adi vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se yahAM lakSaNA ke svarUpa tathA usake vividha prakAra kI carcA kI jA rahI hai / sva-zakya-sambandho lakSaNA-lakSaNA kI paribhASA meM vidyamAna 'sva' pada kA abhiprAya hai--artha ko kahane meM zakta yA samartha pada / zakya kA artha hai - 'zakti' athavA 'abhidhA vRtti' ke dvArA kahA gayA (vAcya) artha / isa prakAra 'zakta' yA samartha pada ke 'zakya' yA vAcya artha se 'sAmIpya' yA 'sAdRzya' Adi kisI prakAra kA sambandha 'lakSaNA' hai / jaise-'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' (gaGgA-taTa para ghara hai) isa prayoga meM 'gaGgA' pada 'zakta', arthAt vAcaka zabda hai| isa kA 'zakya', arthAt vAcya, artha hai 'pravAha vishess'| isa zakyArtha rUpa 'pravAha vizeSa' se taTa kA 'sAmIpya' sambandha hai| isa rUpa meM 'pravAha vizeSa' tathA 'taTa' kA jo sambandha vahI 'lakSaNA' hai tathA 'lakSya' artha hai ttt| __gauraNI lakSaNA-gauNI lakSaNA kI paribhASA meM 'sva' pada kA abhiprAya hai'zakya' yA vAcya artha / isa 'zakya' artha se upasthApita jo 'sAdRzya' usakA 'adhikaraNa honA' rUpa sambanya ke dvArA vAcyArtha se sambaddha artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI lakSaNA 'gauNI' kahI jAtI hai| jaise 'gaurvAhIkaH' (vAhIka baila hai)| yahAM 'go' pada kA zakya artha hai 'baila' / yahI yahAM 'sva' pada se abhipreta hai / 'baila' meM jo jar3atA Adi avaguNa hai, unake sadRza jar3atA Adi vAhIka meM bhI haiN| ataH yaha, baila dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA ('svanirUpita'), sAdRzya hai / isa 'sAdRzya' kA adhikaraNa hai 'vAhIka' / isa prakAra isa For Private and Personal Use Only

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64 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'sAdRzya' kA 'adhikaraNa honA' rUpa sambandha ke dvArA 'vAhIka' artha kA bodha yahAM lakSaNA vRtti se hotA hai| ataH yaha 'gauNI' lakSaNA hai / tulanA karo-'sAdRzyAtta matA gauNayaH, (sAhityadarpaNa), 2.14 / 'gaurvAhIkaH' isa prayoga meM 'vAhIka' zabda ke do artha kiye jAte haiN| prathama- 'vAhIka' arthAt eka pradeza vizeSa athavA paMjAba kA eka bhaag| isa bhAga athavA pradeza meM rahane vAle vyakti ko bhI 'vAhIka' kahA jAtA hai| dUsarA artha hai-'bahirbhavo vAhIka:' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra veda zAstrAnukUla AcAra-vicAra se rahita vyakti 'vAhIka' hai| yahA~ 'ba' tathA 'va' ko eka mAnakara "bahiSaSTi-lopo yaJca" tathA "Ikaka ca" (mabhA0 4.1.85) ina do vArtikoM se 'bahiSa' zabda ke 'Ti' ('iS') bhAga kA lopa tathA 'Ikak' pratyaya karake 'vAhIka' zabda kI siddhi kI jAtI hai / yahA~ kisa prakAra 'go' zabda 'vAhIka' artha ko kahatA hai, isa viSaya meM, anya matoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue tathA apanA siddhAnta-mata prastuta karate hue, mammaTa ne kAvyaprakAza meM yaha kahA hai ki 'go' tathA 'vAhIka' donoM meM sAdhAraNarUpa se rahane vAle jo, jar3atA tathA mUrkhatA Adi, avaguNa haiM, unakA Azraya hone ke kAraNa (isa AzrayatA rUpa sambandha se) 'go' zabda kA 'lakSya' artha hai vAhIka / dra0-"sAdhAraNa-guNAzrayatvena parArtha eva lakSyate' (kAvyaprakAza tathA usakI vAmanI TIkA. pR0 48) isa lakSaNA kA nAma 'gauNI' isaliye par3A ki isa vRtti se ve guNa (jaise yahAM mUrkhatA Adi haiM) lakSita hote haiM, jo do samAna yA sadRza padArthoM yA prANiyoM Adi meM rahate haiN| isalie 'guNAd AgatA gauNI' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra isakA goNI' nAma sArthaka hI hai| isa prakAra 'gauraNI' lakSaNA sadA 'sAdRzya' sambandha para hI Azrita rahatI hai| isa bAta ko tantravArtikakAra ne nimna kArikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai 'lakSyamAraNaguNar yogAda vRttar iSTA tu gauNatA' (kAvyaprakAza, 2.12. meM uddhRta) zuddhA lakSaNA-'sAdRzya' sambandha se itara - 'kAryakAraNa' Adi sambandhoM ke prAdhAra para vAcyArtha se sambaddha artha ko batAne vAlI lakSaNA ko 'zuddhA' lakSaNA kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isa lakSaNA meM 'goNI' ke samAna 'upacAra' yA 'Aropa' kA mizraNa nahIM hotaa| isIliye isakA nAma 'zuddhA' pdd'aa| dra0-"pUrvA tu upacArAmizraNAt shuddhaa"| sAhityadarpaNa (2.14) zuddhA lakSaNA kA udAharaNa hai-'prAyughutam' (ghRta Ayuvarddhana kA kAraNa hai)| yahA~ 'kAryakAraNa' sambandha ke AdhAra para 'ghRta' zabda apane 'zakyArtha' (ghRta) se sambaddha AyU kA lakSaNA dvArA bodha karAtA hai| dra0-"sAdRzyetara-sambandhAt zuddhAs tA: sakalA bhapi" (sAhityadarpaNa 2.14) For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa [lakSaNA ke do aura bheda] prakArAntareNApi sA dvividhA-ajahatsvArthA jahatsvArthA ca / svArtha-saMvalita-parArthAbhidhAyikA 'ajahatsvArthA' / tena 'chatriNo yAnti', 'kuntAn pravezaya', 'yaSTIH pravezaya' kAkebhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' ityAdau 'chatri-sahita-senA''kuntAstra-sahita-puruSa'-'kAka-sahita-sarva-dadhyupaghAtaka'bodhaH / vaha ('gauNI' tathA 'zuddhA' lakSaNA), dUsarI taraha se, phira do prakAra kI hotI hai-'ajahatsvArthA' tathA 'jahatsvArthA' / 'zakyArtha' (vAcyArtha) ke sAtha lakSyArtha kA bodha karAne vAlI 'ajahatsvArthA' hai| isa kAraNa 'chatriNo yAnti' (chatra dhAraNa karane vAle jAte haiM), 'kuntAn pravezaya' (bhAloM kA praveza karAgro), 'yaSTI: pravezaya,' (lAThiyoM ko praviSTa hone do), 'kAkebhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' (kauoM se dahI kI rakhavAlI karo), ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'chatradhArI sainikoM ke sAtha senA', 'bhAloM tathA char3iyoM sahita manuSyoM aura kauoM ke sAthasAtha dahI ko kharAba karane vAle sabhI prANiyoM' kA jJAna hotA hai| ajahatsvArthA - vAkyArtha meM zakyArtha athavA vAcyArtha kI ThIka-ThIka saMgati lagAne ke liye dUsare artha kA AkSepa karate hue bhI isa lakSaNA meM zabda apane vAcyArtha ko nahIM chor3ate / isI kAraNa isakA anvarthaka nAma 'ajahatsvArthA' pdd'aa| isa zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai-"ajahat atyajan svArthaH mukhyArthaH yAM sA ajahatasvArthA", arthAt vAcyArtha athavA mukhyArtha jisa lakSaNA kA parityAga na kare vaha 'lakSaNA' 'prajahatsvArthA' hai| nAgezabhaTTa ne mahAbhASya kI apanI uddyota TIkA (2.1.1, pR0 26) meM 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' zabda kI vyutpatti nimna rUpa meM kI hai-"jahati parityajanti svAni padAni yam (artham) sa jahatsvo'rthaH / jahatsvo'rthoM yasyAH lakSaNAyAH sA jahatsvArthA / na jahatsvArthA ajhtsvaarthaa'| yahA~ 'ajahatsvArthA' lakSaNA meM zakyArtha tathA lakSyArtha donoM kA kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai| Upara isa 'lakSaNA' ke 'chatriNo yAnti' ityAdi aneka udAharaNa diye gae haiN| una sabhI prayogoM meM 'chatriNaH' ityAdi zabda apane apane zakyArtha ko nahIM chodd'te| kyoMki kahane vAle kA abhiprAya yaha hotA hai ki chatra dhAraNa karane vAle sainika to jAte hI haiM, para unake sAtha hI aise sainika bhI jAte haiM jo chatra dhAraNa nahIM kiye hue haiN| isI prakAra bhAle tathA char3iyoM ke praveza kA abhiprAya unase yukta vyaktiyoM kA praveza karAnA hI hotA hai / 'kaumoM se dahI kI rakhavAlI karo' isa kathana kA yaha abhiprAya kadApi nahIM hotA ki kevala kauoM se hI dahI kI rakSA karanI hai, apitu kaue, kutte, billI ityAdi una sabhI jAnavaroM se dahI kI rakSA karanI hai, jo bhI dahI ko dUSita kara sakate haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isa lakSaNA ko prAcArya vizvanAtha prAdi 'upAdAna lakSaNA' kahate haiM-usakA bhI abhiprAya yahI hai / dra0-- mukhyArthasyetarAkSepo vAkyArthe'nvayasiddhaye / syAd prAtmano'pyupAdAnAd eSopAdAnalakSaraNA // (sAhityadarpaNa 2.10) ['jahatsvArthA' lakSaNA ko paribhASA] svArthaparityAgena itarArthAbhidhAyikA antyaa| tatparityAgazca zakyArthasya lakSyArthAnvayinA ananvayitvam / tena 'gAM vAhIkaM pAThaya' ityAdau gosadRzalakSaNAyAm api na gostadanvayi-pAThana'-kriyAnvayitvam / apane (vAcya) artha kA sarvathA parityAga karake dUsare (lakSya) artha ko batAne vAlI antima (jahatsvArthA) hai| apane (vAcya) artha ke parityAga kA abhiprAya hai lakSyArtha se anvita (sambaddha) hone vAle (kriyA Adi) ke sAtha zakyArtha kA anvita na honaa| isaliye 'baila vAhIka (jar3a evaM manda buddhi vAle vAhIka) ko par3hAno' ityAdi kathana meM 'baila sadRza' artha meM lakSaNA hone para bhI, lakSyArtha (vAhIka) se anvita hone vAlI pAThana kriyA ke sAtha baila (rUpa vAcyArtha) kA anvaya nahIM hotaa| __ jahatsvArthA-vAkyArtha meM lakSyArtha kI pUrI saGgati ho sake isake liye zabda jaba apane svArtha yA vAcyArtha kA parityAga kara detA hai to, apane artha kA parityAga kara dene ke kAraNa hI, usa lakSaNa ko 'jahatsvArthA' kahA jAtA hai| jaise-'baila (rUpa) vAhIka ko pddh'aao'| yahA~ 'pAThana' kriyA ke sAtha baila kI saMgati nahIM laga sktii| isa liye 'gau' zabda apane vAcyArtha (baila) kA parityAga kara detA hai, aura kevala baila meM vidyamAna jADya, mAndya Adi sadRza jADya, mAndya Adi guNoM vAle, vAhIka (vAhIka pradeza meM rahane vAle prAdamI) ko kahatA hai, jisake sAtha 'paThana' kriyA kI saMgati laga jAtI hai| 'jahatsvArthA' zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai-"jahati parityajanti svAni (padAni) yam (artha) sa jahatsvo (arthaH) / jahatsvo arthoM yasyA lakSaNAyAH sA jahatsvArthA", arthAt zabda jisa lakSaNA meM apane artha kA parityAga kara deM vaha 'jahatsvArthA lakSaNA' hai| isa 'jahatsvArthA' ko alaMkAra zAstra ke prAcArya 'lakSaNa-lakSaNA' kahate haiM, jisameM 'lakSaNa' zabda kA abhiprAya hai 'upalakSaNa' athavA 'svArtha-parityAga' / dra0 1. hastalekhoM meM- 'ptthn'| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa [ lakSaNA meM 'tAtsthya' Adi aneka dharma nimitta banate haiM ] arpaNaM svasya vAkyArthe parasyAnvaya-siddhaye / upalakSaraNa hetutvAd eSA lakSaraNa - lakSaraNA || ( sAhityadarpaNa 2.11 ) 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 67 sA ca lakSaNA tAtsthyAdi - nimittakA / tadAhatAtsthyAttathaiva tAddharmyAttatsAmIpyAttathaiva ca / tatsAhacaryAt tAdarthyAj jJeyA vai' lakSaNA budhaiH // tAtsthyAt - 'maMcA hasanti', 'grAmaH palAyitaH' / tAddharmyAt'siMho mANavakaH', 'gaurvAhIka: ' / tatsAmIpyAt - 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH ' / tatsAhacaryAt - ' yaSTIH pravezaya' / tAdarthyAt - 'indrArthA sthUNA indraH' / aura vaha lakSaNA 'tAtsthya' (zakya athavA vAcya artha para sthita ) Adi nimittoM vAlI hai / jaisA kahA gayA hai -- 'tAtsthya' ( vAcya artha meM sthita honA), 'tAddharmya' (vAcya artha ke dharma se yukta honA), ' tatsAmIpya' ( vAcya artha ke samIpa honA), 'tatsAhacarya' ( vAcya artha kI sahacAritA) aura isI prakAra 'tAdarthya' ( vAcya artha ke lie honA) ke AdhAra para paNDitoM ke dvArA lakSaNA jAnanI cAhiye / 'tAtsthya' (sambandha) se 'maMca' ( macAna) haMsate haiM', 'gA~va bhAga gayA' / 'tAddharmya' (sambandha ) se - ' bAlaka zera haiM', 'vAhIka baila hai' / 'tatsAmIpya' (sambandha ) se - 'char3iyoM ko andara bhejo' / 'tAdarthya' ( sambandha ) se - 'indra ke liye banAyA gayA stambha indra hai' (ityAdi udAharaNa draSTavya haiM) / yahA~ una vibhinna sambandhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinake AdhAra para lakSaraNA vRtti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI 'puMyogAd AkhyAyAm ' ( pA0 4.1.48 ) sUtra ke bhASya meM kina kAraNoM se kisI padArtha ko anya padArtha mAna liyA jAtA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM inhIM cAra AdhAroM ko ginAyA / dra0 - " kathaM punara atasmin sa ityetad bhavati ? tAdarthyAt tAddharmyAt, tatsAmIpyAt, tatsAhacaryAd iti" / inake udAharaNa bhI lagabhaga uparyukta hI diye haiM / kAvyaprakAza kI vAmanI TIkA ( pR0 53 ) meM lakSaNA athavA upacAra ke prasaMga meM 'sva-svAmibhAva', 'avayava avayavibhAva', tathA 'tAtkarmya' sambandhoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / dra0 - " kvacit tAdarthyAd upacAraH / yathA- indrArthA sthUNA indraH / kvacit ha0 - ca / For Private and Personal Use Only

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68 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sva-svAmibhAva-sambandhAt / yathA--rAjakIyaH puruSo rAjA / kvacid avayava-avayavibhAvAt / yathA-agrahastaH ityatra agramAtre avayave hastaH / kvacit tAtkAt yathA-atakSA tkssaa"| zabdaprayoga ke anusAra isa prakAra ke anya aneka sambandha DhUMDhe jA sakate haiN| ['tAtparya' kI anupapatti lakSaNA kA mUla hai ] anvayAnupapatti-pratisandhAnaM ca lakSaNAbIjam / vastutastu tAtparyAnupapatti-pratisandhAnam eva tadbIjam / anyathA 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH' ityAdau 'ghoSa'-grAdipade makarAdilakSaNApattiH, tAvatApyanvayAnupapatti-parihArAt / 'gaMgAyAM pApI gacchati' ityAdau 'gaMgA'-padasya narake lakSaNApattezca / asmAkaM tu bhUtapUrva-pApAvacchinnalakSakatve tAtparyAnna doSaH / "nakSatraM dRSTavA vAcaM visRjet" ityatra anvaya-sambhave'pi tAtparyAnupapattyaiva lakSaraNA-svIkArAt / ekAnugamakasvIkAreNa nirvAhe anekAnuga makasvIkAre gauravAcca / anvaya Adi (tAtparya) kI asaMgati kA vicAra hI lakSaNA kA mUla hai / parantu vastutaH vaktA ke tAtparya kA bodha na ho pAnA hI lakSaNA kA bIja hai| anyathA (kevala tAtparyAnupapatti ko lakSaNA kA bIja na mAnane se 'gagAyAM ghoSaH, (gaMgA meM AbhIroM kI bastI hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'ghoSa' Adi zabdoM meM 'makara' (magaramaccha Adi) kI lakSaNA mAnI jAne lagegI, kyoMki utane se bhI anvaya kI asaMgati dUra ho jAtI hai| tathA (isI prakAra) gaGgA meM pApI jAtA hai' ityAdi (prayogoM) 'gaGgA' pada kI naraka artha meM 'lakSaNA' hone lgegii| (tAtparyAnupapatti ko 'lakSaNA' kA bIja mAnane vAle) hamAre mata meM to bhUtapUrva pApa se yukta vyakti ko lakSya banAne meM (hI) tAtparya hai isaliye (koI) doSa nahIM hai / "nakSatra ko dekhakara vAgI uccAraNa kare (mauna tor3e)", yahA~ (dina ke samaya bhI kabhI kabhI nakSatra ke dikhAI dene se) anvaya sambhava hone para bhI, (rAtri meM hI mauna tor3anA hai isa) tAtparya kI upapatti na hone ke kAraNa 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAtI hai / tathA eka (kevala tAtparya rUpa) anugamaka ko mAnane se (bhI) kAma cala jAne para aneka anugamaka ko mAnane meM gaurava bhI to hai| 1. h.-anekaanugm| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa yahA~ yaha vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki 'lakSaNA' kA mUla kyA mAnA jAya, arthAt kisa paristhiti meM 'lakSaNAvRtti' upasthita hotI hai ? isa viSaya meM do pakSa dikhAI dete haiN| pahale meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yadi vAkya ke padoM kA, artha kI dRSTi se, paraspara saMgati na laga sake-anvaya kI upapatti na ho sake, athavA zabdoM se vaktA ke tAtparya kA prakAzana na ho sake, aisI sthiti meM 'lakSaNA vRtti kI upasthiti mAnI jAtI hai| isI bAta ko "anvayAdyanupapattipratisandhAnam eva ca lakSaNAbIjam" ina zabdoM dvArA yahA~ kahA gayA hai| vastutastu ....' gauravAcca-parantu isa pakSa meM doSa yaha hai ki kucha aise prayoga haiM jinameM anvayAnupapatti kI sthiti, vaktA ke tAtparya se bhinna kisI artha ko mAna lene para bhI, dUra ho jAtI hai| jaise 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' 'lakSaNA' ke isa prasiddha prayoga meM 'ghoSa' kA lakSya artha 'makara' Adi mAna lene para bhI anvaya kI anupapatti dUra ho jAtI hai| phira 'gaGgA' pada meM 'lakSaNA' kI kalpanA karake usakA artha 'taTa' kyoM kiyA jAya ? tathA isI prakAra 'gaGgAyAM pApI gacchati' isa prayoga meM 'gaGgA' kA lakSya artha yadi 'naraka' mAna liyA jAya to bhI anvaya susaMgata ho jAtA hai| phira 'pApI' meM 'lakSaNA vRtti' kI kalpanA karake usake dvArA 'pApI' kA artha 'bhUtapUrva pApa se yukta vyakti' kyoM kiyA jAya / isI taraha "nakSatraM dRSTvA vAcaM visRjet" isa vAkya meM 'rAtri meM mauna tor3e' isa artha kI dRSTi se 'lakSaNA' kyoM mAnI jAya, jaba ki dina meM nakSatroM ke dikhAI dene se mauna tor3ane kI saMgati dina meM laga jAtI hai ? isa ativyApti doSa ke kAraNa dUsarA pakSa yaha upasthita huA ki kevala 'tAtparyAnupapatti' ko hI 'lakSaNA' kA mUla mAnA jAya / ina sabhI prayogoM meM vaktA kA vaha tAtparya nahIM hai jisameM anvaya kI saMgati laga jAtI hai| isaliye usa tAtparya vizeSa kI dRSTi se una-una padoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti mAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta jaba kevala tAtparyAnupapatti ko 'lakSaNA' kI bIja mAnane se kAma cala jAtA hai to phira donoM--'anvayAnupapatti' tathA 'tAtparyAnupapatti'-ko 'lakSaNA' kA mUla mAna kara gaurava (vistAra) ko kyoM apanAyA jAya ? tulanA karo-"lakSaNAbIjaM tu tAtparyAnupapattireva na tvanvayAnupapattiH / 'kAkebhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' ityatra anvayAnupapatterabhAvAt' / 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' ityAdau tAtparyAnupapatterapi sambhavAt' (vedAnta-paribhASA, aagmpricched)| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki tAtparyAnupapatti hI 'lakSaNA' kA bIja hai, anvayAnupapatti nhiiN| kyoMki 'kAkebhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' isa vAkya meM anvaya kI upapatti, arthAt vAkya ke padoM kA paraspara anvaya, ho jAne para bhI 'lakSaNA' mAnI hI jAtI hai| tathA 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM anvaya kI anupapatti ke sAtha tAtparyAnupapatti bhI hai hii| nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI (zabdapariccheda, kArikA saMkhyA 82) meM bhI tAtparyAnupapatti ko hI lakSaNA kA bIja mAnA gayA hai / dra0-"lakSaNA zakyasamvandhas tAtparyAnupapattitaH / " [lakSaNA kA eka tIsarA prakAra-'jahad-ajahallakSaNA'] viziSTArtha-bodhaka-zabdasya padArthaMkadeze lakSaNAyAM 'jahad ajahallaNA' iti vyavaharanti vRddhAH / vAcyArthe' kiMcid 1. nisa0, kAprazu0-vAkyArthe For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 70 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAMta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA aMza-tyAgaH kiMcid aMza - parigrahazca / atra grAmaikadeze dagdhe 'paTo dagdha:' iti vyavahAraH / " tat tvam prasi" (chAndo0 upa0 6. 8.7) ityatra sarvajJatvAtpajJatvayos tyAgaH, zuddhacaitanyayor prabhedAnvayaH / viziSTa artha ke bodhaka zabda kI ( apane ) zabdArtha ke eka bhAga meM hone vAlI lakSaNA ke liye 'jahad prajahallakSaNA' isa (zabda) kA prayoga vRddha (vedAntI vidvAn ) karate haiN| kyoMki yahA~ vAcyArtha meM kisI aMza kA tyAga tathA kisI aMza kA parigrahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isa (lakSaNA meM grAma yA vastra ke eka bhAga ke jala jAne para 'grAma yA vastra jala gayA' isa prakAra kA vyavahAra hotA hai / isI prakAra " tat tvam asi " - vaha (sarvajJa caitanya) tuma (alpajJa caitanya ) ho - isa prayoga meM sarvajJatva tathA alpajJatva ( isa vAcyArthAMza) kA tyAga tathA zuddha caitanyoM kA abheda rUpa se anvaya kiyA gayA hai / kucha naiyAyika tathA vedAntI vidvAn eka tIsare prakAra kI lakSaNA bhI mAnate haiM tathA use ve 'jahad prajahallakSaNA' nAma dete haiM / isa nAma kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai" jahati prajahati ca padAni svavAcyArthaM yasyAM sA", arthAt jisa lakSaNA meM pada yA zabda apane vAcyArtha ke kucha aMza kA parityAga kara deM tathA kucha aMza kA bodha karAte raheM / yahA~ zabda, 'jahallakSaNA' ke samAna, na to sampUrNa vAcyArtha ko chor3a hI detA hai aura na hI 'ajahallakSaNA' ke samAna sampUrNa vAcyArtha kA bodha hI karAtA hai / isa lakSaNA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'grAmo dagdha:' 'paTo dagdha:' ityAdi prayoga prastuta kiye jAte haiN| pUre grAma yA vastra ke na jalane para bhI 'grAma jala gayA', 'vastra jala gayA' ye prayoga hote hI haiM / yahA~ 'grAma' yA 'vastra' ke vAkyAMza (sampUrNa grAma yA vastra) meM se kucha aMza ( jitanA jala gayA hai) kA graharaNa kiyA gayA tathA kucha aMza (jo nahIM jalA hai) kA parityAga kara diyA gayA / isI taraha jaba jIva tathA brahma kI prabhinnatA pratipAdita karate hue " tat tvam prasi" (tuma, arthAt jIvarUpa alpajJa caitanya, vaha, arthAt brahmarUpa sarvajJa caitanya ho) vAkya kI vyAkhyA vedAntI vidvAn karate haiM to ve yahA~ bhI yahI 'jahadajahallakSaNA' vRtti mAnate haiN| kyoMki yahA~ 'tat' ke vAcyArtha (sarvajJa caitanya) ke eka aMza ( sarvajJatva) kA tathA 'tvam' ke vAcyArtha (alpajJa caitanya ) ke eka aMza (alpajJatva) kA parityAga kara diyA gayA hai / isa kAraNa ina donoM padoM se vAcyArtha ke eka eka aMza (caitanyatva) kA bodha hotA aura isa taraha donoM ko abhinna mAna liyA jAtA hai| isa 'jahadajahallakSaraNA' ko hI vedAnta ke prAcIna vidyAraNya Adi vidvAnoM ne 'bhAga- lakSaNA' nAma diyA hai / parantu vedAnta ke hI kucha anya vidvAn 'lakSaNA' ke isa tIsare prakAra ko nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra 'ghaTo'nitya:' ( ghar3A anitya hai) isa vAkya meM anityatva kA ghaTa ke vAcyArtha ke eka deza 'ghaTatva' ke sAtha anvaya na ho sakane para bhI For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa vizeSyabhUta ghaTa (vyakti) meM anvaya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra viziSTa caitanyoM meM abhedAnvaya na ho sakane para bhI 'abhidhAvRtti' se upasthApita vAcyArthabhUta vizeSyarUpa caitanyoM meM paraspara anvaya ho jaaygaa| ataH 'lakSaNA' mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / dra0 ---- "vayaM tu bramaH 'so'yaM devadattaH', 'tattvamasi' ityAdau viziSTavAcakapadAnAm ekadezaparatve'pi na lakSaNA zaktyupasthitayoH viziSTayorabhedAnvayAnupapattau vizeSyayoH zaktyupasthitayoreva abhedAnvayA'virodhAt / yathA 'ghaTo'nityaH' ityatra ghaTapadavAcyaikadezaghaTatvasya ayogyaghaTavyaktyA saha anityatvAnvayaH" (vedAntaparibhASA, aagmpricched)| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ko bhI yaha 'lakSaNA,' kathamapi, abhimata nahIM hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki pUre samudAya ko kahane vAle zabda usa samudAya ke avayava ko kahane ke liye bhI prayukta hote haiM- "samudAyeSu hi zabdA: pravRttA avayaveSvapi vartante / pUrve paMcAlAH, uttare paMcAlAH, tailaM bhuktam, ghRtaM bhuktam zuklo nIlaH kapilaH kRSNaH iti" (mahA0 bhAga 1, pR0 71) / 'paMcAla' kA vAcyArtha pUrA prAnta hai, parantu usakA prayoga usa prAnta ke pUrvI tathA uttarI hissoM ke liye bhI hotA hai| isI taraha kisI viziSTa parimANa vAle ghRta tathA tela kI kucha thor3I sI mAtrA ke khAne para bhI 'ghRtaM bhukte', 'tailaM bhukte' ityAdi prayoga hote haiN| isI prakAra kisI avayava mAtra ke bhI zukla athavA nIla yA pIta hone para usa sampUrNa padArtha athavA prANI ko zukla, nIla, pIta kaha diyA jAtA hai| "arthavad AdhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam" (pA0 1.2.45) sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM to 'grAmo dagdhaH' tathA 'puSpitaM vanam jaise prayogoM kA hI ullekha karate hue 'dagdhaH' Adi zabdoM meM "arza Adibhyo'c" (pA0 5.2.127) sUtra se vihita 'ac' pratyaya kI kalpanA karake pataMjali ne isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' kA hI niSedha kara diyA hai / kyoMki 'ac' pratyaya mAnane para 'dagdho asyAstIti dagdhaH' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra 'isa grAma kA koI avayava jalA hai' yaha 'grAmo dagdha:' kA abhidheya artha hI hogaa| nAgezabhaTTa ne laghumaMjUSA meM "IdRzeSu jahad-ajahallakSaNetyanye" kaha kara isa 'jahad-ajallakSaNA' ko apanI dRSTi se asvIkArya mAnA hai (dra0 - laghumaMjUSA, pR0, 102) / [mImAMsakoM ke dvArA lakSaNA kI eka dUsarI paribhASA] "sva-bodhya-sambandho lakSaNA" iti kecit / 'gabhIrAyAM nadyAM ghoSaH' ityAdyanurodhAt / tathAhi na tAvada 'gabhIra'padaM tIra-lakSakam / 'nadyAm' ityananvayApatta: / nahi tIraM ndii| ata eva na 'nadI'-pade'pi, 'gabhIra'-padArthananvayAt / nahi tIraM gabhIram / na ca pratyekaM padadvaye sA / viziSTa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA nadI-bodhAnApattaH / tasmAt samudAya-bodhya-gabhIratvaviziSTa-nadI padArthaH / tatsambandho lakSaNA / kucha (mImAMsaka) vidvAn gaharI nadI meM ghoSa hai' ityAdi prayogoM kI dRSTi se "apane (vAkya ke) bodhya artha kA sambandha lakSaNA hai" yaha kahate haiM / yahA~ 'gabhIra' pada 'tIra' kA lakSaka nahIM hai / (tIra kA lakSaka hone para to) 'nadI' tathA 'gabhIra' kA anvaya nahIM ho skegaa| (kyoMki) nadI tora nahIM hai / isI liye 'nadI' pada meM bhI (tIra-viSayaka) 'lakSaNA' nahIM hai| (vaisA hone para to) 'gabhIra' pada ke artha kA 'nadI' pada ke artha ke sAtha anvaya nahIM ho sktaa| (kyoMki) tIra (taTa) gabhIra (gaharA) nahIM hai / aura na pratyeka donoM'gabhIra' tathA 'nadI'-padoM meM (kramazaH gabhIra tIra-viSayaka tathA nadI tIraviSayaka) hI lakSaNA hai (kyoMki taba) viziSTa nadI (gaharI nadI) kA bodha nahIM ho skegaa| isaliye ('gabhIra' tathA 'nadI' ina donoM padoM ke) samudAya kA bodhya artha hai-'gabhIratva-viziSTa ndii'| usakA taTa se 'sAmIpya' sambandha lakSaNA ___ naiyAyika dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra zakti yA abhidhAvRtti kevala pada meM rahA karatI hai usI prakAra 'lakSaNA vRtti' bhI kevala pada meM hI rahatI hai / isI liye unhoMne 'lakSaNA' kI paribhASA mAnI-"svazakya-sasvandho lakSaNA' / yahAM 'sva' kA artha hai 'pada' tathA usakA vAcyArtha 'zakyArtha' hai| isa 'zakya rUpa padArtha se sambandha honA hI 'lakSaNA' hai / vAkyArtha se sambandha honA lakSaNA nahIM hai kyoMki 'zakti' pada meM hai, vAkya meM nhiiN| __ parantu mImAMsaka vidvAn aisA nahIM mAnate / ve 'lakSaNA' ko pada tathA vAkya donoM meM rahane vAlI 'vRtti' mAnate haiM / isaliye vAkya meM bhI 'lakSaNA' kI siddhi ke liye mImAMsakoM ne 'lakSaNA' kI paribhASA kI- "svabodhyasambandho lkssnnaa'| yahAM 'sva' kA abhiprAya 'pada' tathA 'padasamudAya', arthAt vAkya, donoM haiM / isI prakAra usakA bodhya padArtha tathA vAkyArtha donoM hI haiM / 'gabhIrAyAM nadyAM ghoSaH' isa pada-samudAya meM 'lakSaNA' isa prakAra hogI-'gabhIrAyAM nadyAm' isa padasamudAya kA artha hai 'gabhIrAbhinna (gaharI) nadI' / usakA 'sAmIpya' sambandha tIra meM hai / yahAM 'gabhIra' tathA 'nadI' ina donoM padoM kI 'gabhIra nadI-tIra' rUpa artha meM 'lakSaNA' hai / kevala 'nadI' pada kI 'tIra' rUpa artha meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane para 'gabhIra (gahare) tIra para ghoSa hai' yaha artha hogaa| parantu 'gabhIra' ko 'tIra' kA vizeSaNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki 'tIra' kabhI bhI gaharA nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra kevala 'gabhIra' pada kI bhI'tIra' artha meM 'lakSaNA' nahIM mAnI jA sktii| kyoMki 'tIra' 'nadI' kA vizeSaNa nahIM bana sakatA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'nadI' tathA 'tIra' donoM eka nahIM haiN| isa prakAra isa taraha ke udAharaNoM meM 'lakSaNA' ko kathamapi 'padavRtti' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vedAntI vidvAn bhI isa viSaya meM mImAMsakoM ke mata ko hI mAnate haiM / dra0 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa "lakSaNa ca na padamA / yathA 'gabhIrAyAM nadyAM yoSaH' ityatra 'gabhIrAyAM nadyAm' itipadadvaya-samudAyasya tIre lakSaNA" (vedAntaparibhASA, Agama pricched)| [prAcIna naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se eka cauthI prakAra ko lakSaNA-'lakSita -lakSaNA'] 'dvirepha'-padasya svalakSya-bhramarazabda-vAcyArthe lakSaNAyAM 'lakSita-lakSaNA' iti vyavahAraH / svabodhya-padavAcyatvaM sambandhaH / 'dvirepha' zabda kI apane lakSya-bhUta 'bhramara' zabda ke vAcya (bhauMrA) artha meM hone vAlI 'lakSaNA' ke liye 'lakSita-lakSaNA' yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| (yahAM) apane bodhya (lakSya) pada kA vAcya honA (yaha) sambandha hai| kucha prAcIna naiyAyika vidvAn 'lakSita-lakSaNA' nAma kI eka anya vRtti mAnate haiM jisake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ve 'dvirefa' zabda ko prastuta karate haiM / yahAM dvirepha' pada kI pahale, do 'ra' varNa vAle, 'bhramara' zabda meM lakSaNA, phira bhramara' zabda kI bhramara rUpa artha (bhauMrA) meM lakSaNA mAnI jAtI hai| isa taraha 'lakSite lakSitasya vA lakSaNA lakSita-lakSaNA' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra lakSita meM athavA lakSita kI lakSaNA hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra ko 'lakSita-lakSaNA' kahA jAtA hai| nAgezabhaTTa ne yahA~ inhIM naiyAyikoM ke mata ko prastuta karate hue upayukta paktiyAM kahIM haiN| isakA Azaya hai --apane lakSyabhUta 'bhramara' zabda ke vAcyArtha bhauMrA yA madhupa meM jaba 'dvirepha' pada kI lakSaNA kI jAtI hai taba usa lakSaNA ke liye 'lakSita-lakSaNA' nAma kA vyavahAra hotA hai| navya naiyAyika isa 'lakSita-lakSaNA' ko alaga vRtti na mAna kara isakA antarbhAva 'jahallakSaNA' meM hI kara lete haiN| dra0-"atra dvirephAdipade rephadvaya-sambandho bhramarapade jJAyate / bhramarapadasya ca sambandho bhramare jJAyate, iti tatra 'lakSita-lakSaNA' 'jahallakSaNA' eva iti navya-naiyAyikAH" (nyAya siddhAntamuktAvalI, khaNDa 4) / naiyAyikoM ke isa 'lakSita-lakSaNA' prakAra kA nAgeza ne laghumaMjUSA ke isI prakaraNa meM (pR0 146-151) vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai| inake kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki 'dvirepha' jaise prayogoM meM lakSaNA mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| kyoMki vahA~ to 'rUDhi zakti' se hI 'bhramara' Adi arthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| 'do haiM repha jisameM' isa prakAra ke avayavArtha kI pratIti vahAM usI prakAra nahIM hotI jisa prakAra viziSTa 'sAma' ke vAcaka 'rathantara' Adi anya 'rUr3hi' zabdoM meM / athavA isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM 'yogarUr3hi' mAna kara bhI kAma cala sakatA hai / 'bhramara' pada meM vidyamAna do rephoM kA bhramara rUpa artha meM Aropa karake 'dvirepha' kA artha bhramara kara diyA gyaa| isIliye kozoM meM 'bhramara' pada ke paryAya ke rUpa meM 'dvirepha' zabda kA bhI pATha milatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [lakSaNA ke do anya bheda-'prayojanavatI' tathA 'nirUDhA'] prakArAntareNa' punar lakSaNA dvividhA / tathAhiprayojanavatI nirUDhA' ca lakSaNA dvividhA mtaa| iti / asati prayojane zakyasambandho nirUDha-lakSaNA / 'tvacA jJAtam' ityAdau yathA tvacas tvagindriye / iyaM zaktyaparaparyAyaveti bodhyam / 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH' ityatra tIre gaMgA-gata-zaitya-pAvanatvAdipratItiH prayojanam / 'gaurvAhIkaH' ityatra sAdRzyaM lakSyatAvacchedakam / gavAbheda-pratyayaH prayojanam / 'kuntAH pravizanti' iti bhoti-palAyamAna-vAkye kunta-viziSTa-puruSe kunta-gata-taikSaNa ya-pratItiH prayojanam ityAhuH / eka anya dRSTi se lakSaNA punaH do taraha kI hai| jaisA ki (kahA gayA hai) "prayojanavatI' tathA 'nirUr3hA' isa rUpa meM lakSaNA do prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai| prayojana ke abhAva meM vAcyArtha kA sambandha 'nirUDhA' lakSaNA hai| jaise 'tvacA se jAnA gayA' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'tvak' (zabda) kI tvagindriya meM (lakSaNA kI jAtI hai) / parantu yaha (nirUr3hA lakSaNA) zakti (abhidhA) kA hI dUsarA paryAya hai-yaha jAnanA caahiye| 'gaMgAyA ghoSaH' (gaMgA meM prAbhoroM kI bastI) isa (lakSaNA ke prayoga) meM 'gaMgA nadI meM rahane vAlI zItalatA tathA pavitratA kI taTa meM pratIti karAnA' prayojana hai / (isI prakAra) 'gaurvAhIkaH' (vAhIka pradeza kA vAsI baila hai) isa (prayoga) meM lakSyatA kA AdhAra hai sAdRzya / 'baila se (vAhIka kI) abhinnatA batAnA'- isa lakSaNA kA prayojana hai / Dara kara bhAgate hue (logoM) ke 'kuntAH pravizanti' (bhAle praviSTa ho rahe haiM) isa vAkya meM 'bhAle vAle puruSoM meM bhAle kI tIkSNatA kA bodha karAnA' prayojana hai| yaha ( lakSaNA-viSayaka prasaMga naiyAyika) kahate haiN| iyaM zaktyaparaparyAyA eva--nAgeza kA vicAra hai ki 'nirUr3hA lakSaNA' meM tathA 'abhidhA zakti' meM vastutaH koI antara nahIM hai| kyoMki jisa prakAra koI zabda apanI 'abhidhA zakti' se anAdi-tAtparyavaza kisI artha ko kahatA hai, usI prakAra 'nirUr3hA lakSaNA' 1. kApra zu0-prakArAntareNa saa| 2. nisa0, kaaprshu0-ruuddh'aa| 3. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'ca' nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa 75 dvArA bhI anAdi-tAtparyavaza hI zabda una una arthoM ko prakaTa karatA hai| jaise 'tvaka' zabda jisa taraha se 'carma' ke artha meM prasiddha hai usI taraha 'carma indriya' ke artha meM bhii| isaliye 'nirUr3hA lakSaNA' ko 'abhidhA' kA hI paryAya samajhanA caahiye| yaha bAta yahAM saMbhavataH vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se kahI gayI hai / tulanA karo ... "nirUr3halakSaNAyAH zaktyanatirekAt" (vabhUsA0, pR0 245) / [lakSaNAvRtti kA khaNDana tanna / "sati tAtparye sarve sarvArthavAcakAH" iti bhASyAt lakSaNAyA abhAvAt, vRttidvayAvacchedaka-dvaya-kalpane gauravAt, jaghanyavRtti-kalpanAyA anyAyyatvAcca / (naiyAyikoM kA) yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki "tAtparya hone para sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka haiM" isa bhASya (ke kathana) se lakSaraNAvRtti kA abhAva (hI siddha hotA) hai, sAtha hI (abhidhA tathA lakSaNA ina) do vRttiyoM kI dRSTi se do avacchedakoM (hetuoM) ke mAnane meM gaurava bhI hai tathA (mukhya-abhidhA-vRtti se kAma cala jAne para) gauraNa vRtti kI kalpanA anucita hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ko lakSaNAvRtti abhimata nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi meM zabdoM ke vAcyArtha do prakAra ke hote haiM eka prasiddha tathA dUsarA aprasiddha / jise mukhyArtha yA vAcyArtha kahA jAtA hai vaha prasiddha artha hai, tathA jise lakSyArtha kahA jAtA hai vaha aprasiddha artha hai| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali kA yaha kahanA hai ki "tAtparya kI siddhi hone para sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka haiN| isa taraha jaba sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka ho sakate haiM to phira zabda ke prasiddha aura aprasiddha donoM hI artha zabda kI 'zakti' yA 'abhidhAvRtti' dvArA hI kathita ho jaayeNge| ata, lakSaNAvRtti mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| sati tAtparye..."vAcakA:-laghumaMjUSA meM lakSaNAvRtti ke khaNDana ke isa prasaMga meM (pR0 114-53) nAgeza ne isa hetu kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yahA~ 'nirUDhA lakSaNA' tathA 'rUDhi zakti' kA bheda dikhAte hue kahA gayA hai-"tvag Adi zabdAnAM 'tvacA jJAtam' ityAdau tvaga indriye 'niruuddh-lkssnnaa'| asati prayojane zAkyArtha bodhapratisandhAna-pUrvakaM tassambadhyaparArtha-bodhe 'nirUDha-lakSaNA' iti vyavahAraH / anyathA 'rUDhizaktiH ' eva iti bodhyam" / yahA~ bhASya ke nAma se jo uddharaNa diyA gayA hai vaha bhI mahAbhASya meM nahIM milatA / yoM isase milatA julatA eka dUsarA vAkya mahAbhASya meM draSTavya hai-"sarve sarvapadAdezAH dAkSIputrasya pANineH" (mahA0 1.1.16, pR0 265) / prAcArya bhartRhari ne bhI nimna kArikAoM meM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ekam prAhura anekArtha zabdam anye parIkSakAH / nimittabhedAd ekasya sArthyaM tasya bhidyate / / 2. 252 yathA sAsnAdimAn piNDo gozabdenAbhidhIyate / tathA sa eva zabdo vAhIke'pi vyavasthitaH // 2.254 sarvazaktestu tasyaiva shbdsyaanekdhrmnnH| prasiddhibhedAd gauNatvaM mukhyatvaM copacaryate // 2.255 vastutaH gauraNa tathA mukhya donoM prakAra ke arthoM kA kathana usI eka zabda se hotA hai| prakaraNa Adi vibhinna hetuoM ke kAraNa eka sAtha kisI arthoM kA prakAzana zabda se nahIM ho paataa| isaliye yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki jisa prakAra 'gau' zabda 'gAya' artha kA vAcaka hai usI prakAra vaha, 'gaurvAhIkaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM, vAhIka artha kA bhI vAcaka hai| vRttidvayAvacchedaka-kalpane gauravAt-isa ke atirikta lakSaNA vRtti ko mAnane meM yaha doSa bhI hai ki do-- 'abhidhA' tathA 'lakSaNA'-vRttiyA~ mAnane ke kAraNa do prakAra ke kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| 'zakti' yA 'abhidhA' se hone vAle zAbda bodha ke prati zakti-jJAna-janya arthopasthiti ko kAraNa mAnanA hogA tathA 'lakSaNA vRtti' se hone vAle zAbda bodha ke prati 'lakSaNA'-jJAna-janya arthopasthiti ko kAraNa mAnanA hogA / tulanA karo-"zAbdabodhaM prati zakti-janyopasthiteH lakSaNAjanyopasthitezca kAraNatvaM vAcyam / tathA ca kArya-kAraNa-bhAva-dvaya-kalpane gauravaM syAt / asmAkaM punaH zaktijanyopasthititvenaiva hetutA iti lAghavam" / (vabhUsA0, zaktinirNaya, pR0 325) ___ jaghanyavRtti-kalpanAyA anyAyyatvAcca-isake atirikta lakSaNA vRtti ko mAnane meM anaucitya doSa bhI hai, kyoMki pramukha abhidhA vRtti kI upekSA karake gauNa evaM isa kAraNa, jaghanya lakSaNA vRtti kI kalpanA anucita hai| vastutaH 'zakti' athavA abhidhA vRtti ke grAhaka yA bodhaka jo, vyAkaraNa, upamAna ityAdi, hetu kahe gaye haiM unameM loka-vyavahAra hI pramukha hetu hai| vaha loka-vyavahAra vAcya tathA lakSya donoM hI arthoM meM samAna rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| bolane vAle 'pravAha' tathA 'taTa' ina donoM hI arthoM meM samAna rUpa se 'gaMgA' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| isaliye vaiyAkaraNoM kA yaha mata hai ki vAcya tathA lakSya donoM hI arthoM ko zabda apanI abhidhA vRtti se hI kahatA hai / ['lakSaNA' vRtti ke prabhAva meM upasthita hone vAle doSoM kA samAdhAna] kathaM tarhi gaMgAdi-padAt tIrAdi'-pratyayaH / bhrAnto'si / "sati tAtparya sarve sarvArtha-vAca kAH" iti bhASyameva 1. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'tIrapratyayaH' / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSaNA-nirUpaNa 77 gRhANa / tathAhi zaktidvividhA-prasiddhA, aprasiddhA ca / AmandabuddhivedyAtvaM prasiddhAtvam / sahRdaya-hRdaya-mAtravedyAtvam aprasiddhAtvam / tatra gaMgAdi-padAnAM pravAhAdau prasiddhA zaktiH, tIrAdau cAprasiddhA, iti kimanupa nanu "sarve sarvArthavAcakAH' iti ced brUSe tahi 'ghaTa'-padAt paTa-pratyayaH kinna syAd iti cenna / "sati tAtparye0" iti uktatvAt , tAtparyAbhAvAd iti gRhANa / tAtparya cAtra aizvaram, devatA-maharSi-loka-vRddha-paramparAto asmadAdibhirlabdham, iti sarvaM sustham / iti lakSaNAnirUparaNam (yadi lakSaNA vRtti na mAnI jAya) to kisa prakAra 'gaMgA' zabda se taTa artha kA jJAna hogA? mrAnti meM ho| "tAtparya hone para sabhI zabda sabhI artha ke vAcaka haiM" isa bhASya ke kathana ko hI apnaao| bAta yaha hai ki zakti do taraha kI hotI hai-'prasiddhA' tathA 'aprasiddhA' / 'prasiddhA' vaha hai jise thor3I buddhi vAle loga bhI jAna leM tathA 'aprasiddhA' vaha hai jise kevala sahRdayoM (vyutpanna evaM praur3ha janoM) ke hRdaya hI jAna skeN| unameM 'gaMgA' Adi (padoM) kI pravAha Adi arthoM meM jo zakti hai vaha 'prasiddha' hai tathA taTa Adi arthoM meM jo zakti hai vaha 'aprasiddha' hai, isa rUpa meM mAnane meM kyA kaThinAI hai ? yadi "sabhI zabda sabhI arthoM ke vAcaka haiM'' yaha kahate ho to 'ghaTa' zabda se vastra kA jJAna kyoM nahIM hotA? yaha prazna ucita nahIM hai kyoM ki 'sati tAtparye' isa vizeSaNa ke kahe jAne ke kAraNa ('ghaTa' zabda ke prayukta hone para vaktA kA paTa-viSayaka) 'tAtparya' ke na hone se (hI aisA nahIM hotA) yaha smjho| aura yaha tAtparya IzvarakRta (anAdi) hai tathA devatA, maharSi, loka (paramparA) aura vRddha-paramparA se hama logoM ne use jAnA hai / isa rUpa meM saba susaMgata haiM / naiyAyikoM tathA sAhityikoM ko abhimata lakSaNA vRtti kA yahA~ nAgeza ne vibhinna hetuoM dvArA khaNDana kara diyA hai| isa khaNDana meM prathama hetu hai--"sati tAtparye sarve sarvArthavAcakAH" yaha siddhAnta / dvitIya hetu hai-lakSaNA mAnane para do prakAra kI vRttiyoM tathA unake AdhAra para do prakAra ke kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI kalpanA / tathA tRtIya hetu hai--lakSaNA vRtti jaisI jaghanyavRtti kI kalpanA karanA / lakSaNA ko jaghanya vRtti isa kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai ki abhidhA vRtti, zabdoccAraNa ke turanta pazcAt, sIdhe upasthita hotI hai tathA usake bAda lakSaNA vRtti kI upasthiti mAnI jAtI hai| isake atirikta lakSaNA vRtti meM zabda kA jo apanA artha nahIM hai usakA zabda meM upacAra athavA Aropa karanA par3atA hai| 1. ha.-mAtrAvagAhyatvam / vaMmi0-mAtrA'vedyAtvam / 2. ha.--nanu yadi / 3. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'surUtam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyaMjanA-nirUpaNam [vyaMjanA kA svarUpa] nanu vyaMjanA kaH padArthaH ? ucyate-mukhyArtha-bAdha-nirapekSabodha-janako, mukhyArtha-sambaddhAsambaddha-sAdhAraNaH, prasiddhAprasiddhArtha-viSayakaH, vaktrAdi-vaiziSTya-jJAna-pratibhAzudbuddhaH, saMskAravizeSo vyaMjanA / _ 'vyaMjanA' zabda kA kyA artha hai ? (yaha) kahA jAtA hai-(ka) vAcyArtha kI anupapatti kI apekSA kiye binA hI bodha karAne vAlA, (kha) vAcyArtha se sambaddha evaM asambaddha donoM (sthitiyoM) meM samAnarUpa se rahane vAlA, (ga) prasiddha tathA aprasiddha donoM (prakAra ke) arthoM kA bodhaka (tathA) (gha) vaktA Adi kI vizeSatA ke jJAna aura pratibhA Adi se jAgRta hone vAlA saMskAra-vizeSa' (hI) vyaMjanA hai| mukhyArtha........"sambaddhAsambaddhasAdhAraNaH- 'vyaMjanA' kI paribhASA ke svarUpa ko batAte hue yahA~ 'vyaMjanA' kI cAra vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| inameM se prathama tathA dvitIya vizeSatAoM ke dvArA naiyAyikoM ke isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki 'lakSaNAvRtti' se hI 'vyaMjanAvRtti' kA kArya cala jaaygaa| ata: 'vyaMjanA' ko vRtti mAnane kI AvazkatA nahIM hai|' kyoMki 'lakSaNAvRtti' ke liye mukhyArtha kI bAdhA kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai tathA 'lakSya' artha mukhya artha se sambaddha hI huA karatA hai / parantu 'vyaMjanA' ke liye mukhyArtha kI bAdhA kA jJAna Avazyaka nahIM hai| sAtha hI vyaMgya artha mukhya yA vAcya-artha se sambaddha bhI ho sakatA hai tathA asambaddha bhii| jaise'lakSaNAmUlaka-vyaMjanA' ke sthaloM-gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' ityAdi prayogoM-- meM 'gaGgA' zabda se 'lakSya' artha (taTa) kA bodha karAne ke liye mukhyArthabAdha kA jJAna apekSita hai tathA 'taTa' rUpa jo lakSyArtha hai vaha mukhyArtha (gaGgA-pravAha) se sambaddha hai| kintu yahAM jo 'vyaMjanA' dvArA zaityatva, pAvanatva Adi kI pratIti hotI hai, usa 'vyaGgya' artha ke jJAna ke liye mukhyArthabAdha ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| yahA~ kA 'vyaGgya' artha-zaityatva, pAvanatva Adi-mukhyArtha (pravAha) se sambaddha hai| lekina kahIM-kahIM yaha vyaGgyArtha mukhyArtha se asambaddha bhI sakatA hai| jaise 'vyaMjanA' ke 'atyaMtatiraskRtavAcya' nAmaka bheda ke sabhI udAharaNoM meM vyaMgyArtha kA vAcyArtha ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hotA / 'vyaMjanA' ke isa bheda meM vAcyArtha ke sarvathA tiraskRta (agrAhya) hone ke kAraNa hI usakA yaha sArthaka nAma rakhA gyaa| isakA udAharaNa hai -- ravisaMkrAnta-saubhAgyas tuSArAvRtamaNDalaH / nizvAsAndha ivAdarzaz caMdramA na prakAzate // (dhvanyAloka, pR0 101, meM uddhRta) For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyaMjanA-nirUpaNa yahA~ 'andha' zabda apane 'netrahInatva' rUpa vAcya artha ko chor3a kara 'aprakAzatva' rUpa vyaMgya artha ko, 'jahatsvArthA lakSaNA' vRtti ke dvArA, pragaTa kara rahA hai / spaSTa hai ki yahA~ vAcyArtha 'netrahInatva' tathA vyaMgyArtha 'aprakAzatva' meM koI sambandha nahIM hai| 'prasiddhAprasiddhArtha-viSayaka:-prasiddhAprasiddhArtha-viSayakaH' tathA 'vaktrAdivaiziSTyajJAna-pratibhAzu buddhaH' ina vizeSaNoM dvArA 'vyaMjanA' kA abhidhA vRtti se antara pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'abhidhA' vRtti se jAnA gayA artha prasiddha hotA hai tathA usake jJAna ke liye vaktA Adi kI vizeSatA kA jAnanA anivArya nahIM hotaa| parantu vyaMgya artha prasiddha bhI ho sakatA hai tathA aprasiddha bhI aura sAtha hI vyaMgya artha ke ThIka ThIka jJAna ke liye, 'vaktA kauna hai', 'zrotA kauna hai' ityAdi vizeSa bAtoM kA jAnanA parama Avazyaka hai| ____ udAharaNa ke liye 'rAjatyumAvallabhaH0' isa zloka meM 'prakaraNa' ke anusAra 'umAvallabha' zabda umA nAma kI rAnI ke pati, kisI rAjA, ko kahatA hai| yaha isakA abhidheya artha hai jo prasiddha hai| parantu tAtparyavaza 'umAvallabha' zabda 'vyaMjanA' dvArA bhagavAn zaMkara ko bhI vyakta karatA hai, jo isakA vyaMgya artha hai / yaha vyaMgya artha bhI prasiddha artha hI hai / ataH yaha prasiddhArtha-viSayaka 'vyaMjanA' huI / dra0-'atra prakaraNena abhidhayA 'umAvallabha' zabdasya umA nAmnI nahAdevI tadvallabha-bhAnudeva-nRpatirUpe'rthe niyaMtrite vyaMjanayaiva gaurIvallabharUpo'rtho bodhyate' (sAhityadarpaNa, pR0 56-57) / vaktrAdi-vaiziSTya-jJAna-pratibhAdya buddhaH-yahA~ 'prArthI vyaMjanA' ke una vibhinna AdhAroM kI ora nAgeza ne saMketa kiyA hai jinakA ullekha mammaTa Adi ne apane granthoM meM kiyA hai / ve hetu nimna haiM vaktR-boddhavya-kAkUnAM vAkya-vAcyAnyasannidheH / prastAva-deza-kAlAder vaiziSTyAt pratibhAjuSAm // yo'rthasyAnyArtha-dhI-hetur vyApAro vyaktireva sA // __(kAvyaprakAza, 3.22) 'vaktA'-kahane vaalaa| boddhavya'-sunane vaalaa| 'kAku'-zoka, bhaya yA anya kisI bhAva ke kAraNa vikRta dhvani kA prayoga / dra0-'nimna-kaNTha-dhvanir dhIraiH kAkurityabhidhIyate" (sAhityadarpaNa, pR0 60 meM uddha ta) tathA "kAkuH striyAM vikAro yaH zokabhItyAdibhir dhvaneH' (amarakoza, 1.6.12) / 'vAkya' vaktA kA kathana / 'vAcya'-abhipreta artha / 'anyasannidhiH'--kisI anya, yogya vyakti Adi, kI smiiptaa| 'prastAva'--prakaraNa / 'deza'-sthAna / 'kAla'-samaya, basanta / 'Adi' pada se vibhinna zArIrika ceSTAoM yA aise kisI anya AdhAroM kA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina vibhinna hetuoM kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa 'pratibhA', arthAt naisargika pratibhA (prajJA navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA matA) tathA zAstrIya pratibhA se sampanna vyakti For Private and Personal Use Only

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80 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ko 'vyaMjanA vyApAra' kA bodha hotA hai, jo vAcyArtha meM, vAcya tathA lakSya donoM prathoM se bhinna, kisI (vyaMgya) artha kA abhivyaMjaka hetu hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saMskAra - vizeSaH - yahA~ 'vyaJjanA' ko saMskAra- vizeSa prathavA bhAvanA - vizeSa kahA gayA hai / yaha saMskAra yadyapi 'samavAya' sambandha se sahRdayoM tathA pratibhAsampanna medhAviyoM ke hRdaya meM rahatA hai / parantu paramparayA vaha zabda meM bhI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra 'abhighA' yA 'lakSaNA' sAkSAt zabda meM rahane vAlI 'vRttiyA~' haiM, usa prakAra kI 'vyaJjanA vRtti' nahIM hai / 'vyaMjanA vRtti' to zabdaniSTha bAda meM hai pahale vaha sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM rahane vAlA saMskAra hai / isIliye 'vyaJjanA' ko sahRdaya-hRdaya-niSTha saMskAra- vizeSa hI mAnA gayA, bhale hI paramparayA vaha zabda meM bhI ho| apane isa viziSTa svarUpa ke kAraNa hI 'vyaMjanA' ko vizeSa camatkAra kA AdhAyaka kahA gayA hai| dra0 pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva vastvasti vANISu mahAkavInAm / yattatprasiddhAvayavAtiriktaM vibhAti lAvaNyam ivAGganAsu // parantu yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki 'vyaMjanA' ko zabdaniSTha vyApAra- vizeSa mAnA jAya yA hRdaya-niSTha saMskAra - vizeSa / sAhityazAstra ke AcAryoM ne ' vyaMjanA' ko vyApAra- vizeSa hI mAnA hai / dra0 - " yo'rthasyAnyArthadhIheturvyApAro vyaktireva sA " ( kAvyaprakAza, 3. 22) / [ vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ko bhI vyaMjanA vRtti abhISTa hai ] ( dhvanyAloka 1.4 ) nAgeza yahA~ 'vyaMjanA' ko saMskAra- vizeSa mAnate haiN| saMbhavataH yaha nAgeza kI apanI udbhAvanA hai / saMskAra - vizeSa mAnane para bhI 'vyaMjanA' ko zabdaniSTha usI taraha kahA jA sakatA hai jisa prakAra 'AkAMkSA' yadyapi hRdaya-niSTha hotI hai phira bhI use zabdaniSTha mAna liyA jAtA hai / ata eva nipAtAnAM dyotakatvaM sphoTasya ca vyaMgyatA haryAdibhir uktA / dyotakatvaM ca - "sva samabhivyAhRtapada - niSTha- zakti - vyaMjakatvam" iti / vaiyAkaraNAnAm apyetat svIkAra AvazyakaH / isIliye ( vyaMjanA vRtti ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI ) bhartRhari Adi ne nipAtoM kI dyotakatA tathA sphoTa kI vyaMgyatA pratipAdita kI hai / For Private and Personal Use Only dyotakatA ( kA abhiprAya ) hai - " apane sAtha (zravyavahita-pUrva yA avyavahitapazcAt) uccarita pada meM vidyamAna (arthAbhidhAyikA) zakti kA abhivyaMjaka honA / " isaliye ( nipAtoM ko dyotaka yA vyaMjaka mAnane tathA sphoTa ko vyaMgya mAnane ke kAraNa) vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ko bhI yaha (vRtti) mAnanA Avazyaka hai /

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vyaMjanA-nirUpaNa Upara 'lakSaNA' ke prakaraNa meM vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA cukA hai, jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki nAgeza ke matAnusAra vaiyAkaraNoM ko vaha vRtti mAnya nahIM hai / parantu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki 'lakSaNA' ke samAna 'vyaMjanA' vRtti bhI vaiyAkaraNoM ko abhISTa yA svIkArya nahIM hai| yahAM nAgeza ne isa tathya kA sahetuka pratipAdana kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn isa vyaMjanA vRtti ko nizcita rUpa se mAnate haiN| nipAtAnAM dyotakatvam-bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM nipAtoM kI artha-dyotakatA kA suspaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se nimna kArikAyeM draSTavya haiM : nipAtA dyotakAH kecit pRthagAbhidhAyinaH / mAgamA iva ke'pi syuH sambhUyArthasya vAcakAH // (2.194) kucha nipAta arthoM ke dyotaka haiM tathA kucha pRthaka rUpa se artha ke vAcaka haiM / kucha anya nipAta, prAgamoM ke samAna, kisI pada ke sAtha milakara artha ke vAcaka haiM yA, dUsare zabdoM meM, anarthaka haiN| upariSTAt purastAd vA dyotakatvaM na bhihAte / teSu prayujyamAneSu bhinnArtheSvapi sarvathA / / (2.165) (vikalpa, samuccaya Adi) bhinna bhinna arthoM kI abhivyakti ke liye pahale yA bAda meM (kahIM bhI) prayukta hote hue ina nipAtoM ko dyotakatA naSTa nahIM hotii| isa prakAra sabhI vaiyAkaraNa nipAtoM ko sAmAnyatayA athaM kA dyotaka yA abhivyaMjaka mAnate haiM / naiyAyika vidvAn avazya nipAtoM ko vAcaka mAnate haiM jisakI carcA Age kI jaaygii| sphoTasya vyaMgyatA-vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'sphoTa' (sUkSma zabda tattva) artha kA vAcaka hai tathA vaha buddhi-gata hai aura nAda yA prAkRta dhvani ke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai / isa kAraNa vaha 'sphoTa' vyaMgya hai| isa sphoTa-viSayaka vyaMgyatA kI carcA bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya, brahmakANDa, ke aneka sthaloM para kI hai| isa prasaMga meM nimna kArikA draSTavya hai : graharaNa-grAhyayoH siddhA yogyatA niyatA yathA / vyaMgya-vyaMjaka-mAvena tathaiva sphoTa-nAdayoH / / (1.68) jisa prakAra 'grahaNa' (prakAzaka) tathA 'gAhya' (prakAzya) meM nizcita rUpa se kramazaH vyaMjaka aura vyagya kI yogyatA vidyamAna hai usI prakAra 'sphoTa' tathA 'nAda' (prAkRta dhvani) meM bhI vyaMgya-vyaMjaka rUpa se niyata yogyatA vidyamAna hai-'sphoTa' meM vyaMgya banane kI yogyatA hai tathA 'nAda' meM vyaMjaka banane kI yogyatA hai / ___bhartRhari se pUrvabhAvI prAcArya vyADi ne bhI apane saMgraha nAmaka grantha meM prAkRta dhvani ko 'sphoTa' kA abhivyaMjaka mAnA thA / draSTavya -- vAkyapadIya kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhRta-"zabdasya grahaNe hetuH prAkRto dhvaniriSyate'' (cArudeva saMskaraNa, pR0 76) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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82 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'nipAtoM kI dyotakatA' tathA 'sphoTa kI vyaMgyatA' ina donoM siddhAntoM ko mAnane ke kAraNa yaha spaSTa hai ki, na kevala alaMkAra zAstra ke prAcArya apitu, vaiyAkaraNa vidvAt bhI 'vyaMjanA' vRtti ko mAnate haiN| yahAM yaha ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki sambhavataH vyAkaraNa ke kucha prAcIna AcAryoM ko vyaMjanA vRtti svIkArya nahIM thii| unako hI dhyAna meM rakha kara hI nAgeza ne yahA~ "vaiyAkaraNAnAm apyetat svIkAra AvazyakaH" isa vAkya kA prayoga kiyA hai| ['vyaMjanA' vRtti ke adhiSThAna tathA sahAyaka] eSA ca zabda-tadartha-pada-padaikadeza-varNa-racanA-ceSTAdiSu sarvatra / tathaivAnubhavAt / vaktrAdi-vaiziSTya-jJAnaM ca vyaMgya-vizeSa-bodhe sahakArI, iti na sarvatra tadapekSA, ityanyatra vistrH| yaha 'vyaMjanA' zabda (vAkya), usake artha, pada, pada ke eka aMza (prakRti, pratyaya Adi), varNa, racanA (vaidarbhI Adi rItiyA~) ceSTA Adi (vividha abhinaya athavA mukha, prAMkha Adi kI ceSTA tathA romAMca Adi) meM sarvatra rahatI hai| kyoMki vaisA hI anubhava hotA hai| vaktA Adi kI vizeSatA kA jJAna vyaMgya vizeSa ke jJAna meM sahAyaka hai| isaliye sarvatra vyaMgya ke sthaloM meM (anivArya rUpa se) unakA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| yaha anyatra (laghumaMjUSA meM) vistAra se varNita hai| eSA ca "tathaivAnubhavAt--yahAM 'vyaMjanA vRtti' ke vibhinna AzrayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / 'zabda' arthAt vAkya, vAkya kA artha, pada, pada ke bhAga, varNa, racanA arthAt saGghaTanA athavA rIti, tathA ceSTA Adi, arthAt AMgika, vAcika tathA sAtvika ceSTAoM aura vibhinna bhaMgimAoM, ke dvArA vyaMgya artha kI abhivyakti hotI hai| dhvanyAloka ke tRtIya udyota meM bar3e vistAra se 'vyaMjanA' ke ina AzrayoM athavA vibhinna vyaMjakoM kI sodAharaNa carcA kI gayI hai| vaktrAdi-vaiziSTya-jJAnaM vyaMgyavizeSabodhe sahakArI-Upara 'vaktA' Adi kI carcA kI jA cukI hai| inakA jJAna vyaMgya-vizeSa ke bodha meM sahakArI hai-sahAyaka hai| vAcya, lakSya tathA vyaMgya artha, ina 'vaktA' Adi ke vaiziSTya se, kisI anya vyaMgya artha kA dyotana karAte haiN| isa prakAra kI vyaMjanA ko 'prArthI vyaMjanA' kahA jAtA hai| sarvatra na tad apekSA-sarvatra vyaMgya sthaloM meM 'vaktA', 'boddhavya' ityAdi ke hone para hI vyaMgya artha kI pratIti ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / 'abhidhAmUlA vyaMjanA' meM ina For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyaMjanA-nirUpaNa ke binA bhI vyaMgya artha kI pratIti hotI hI hai / isIliye mammaTa ne 'abhidhAmUlA vyaMjanA' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA : zranekArthasya zabdasya vAcakatve niyantrite / saMyogAdyaM vAcyArtha - dhId vyApRtir aMjanam / / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( kAvyaprakAza 2.16 ) zrarthAt 'saMyoga' 'viprayoga' Adi, jinakI carcA Upara 'zakti nirUpaNa' meM kI jA cukI hai, ke dvArA zabda kI, dUsare artha ko kahane kI zakti (prabhidhAzakti) ke niyaMtrita ho jAne para bhI anekArthaka zabdoM ke dvArA kahIM kahIM jo anya artha kI pratIti hotI hai| use (abhidhAmUlA) vyaMjanA kahA jAtA hai / vaha abhidhA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki 'saMyoga' Adi ke dvArA usakA niyamana ho cukA hai tathA lakSaNA isaliye nahIM ho sakatI ki 'mukhya artha kI bAdhA' ityAdi lakSaNA kI zarteM yahAM pUrI nahIM hotIM / [ 'vyaMjanA vRtti anAvazyaka hai' naiyAyikoM ke isa mantavya kA khaNDana ] 83 yattu tAkikA :- lakSaraNayaiva gatArthA vyaMjanA iti na sA svIkAryA ityAhuH / tanna / lakSaNayA mukhyArtha - bAdhapUrvaka-lakSyArthaM - bodhakatvAt / mukhyArtha - sambaddhArthasyaiva lakSagayA bodhakatvAt / vyaMjanAyA pratathAtvena tadanantarbhAvAcca iti dik / For Private and Personal Use Only iti vyaMjanA- nirUpaNam ki jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'lakSaNA' se hI (lakSaNAmUlA) 'vyaMjanA' kA kAma cala jAegA isaliye 'vyaMjanA' (vRtti) ko nahIM mAnanA cAhiye unakA vaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki 'lakSaNA', vAcya artha ke bodha hone para, lakSya artha kA bodha karAtI hai / tathA 'lakSaNA' vAcyArtha se sambaddha artha kA hI jJAna karAtI hai / 'vyaMjanA' isa prakAra kI nahIM hai, isalie usa ( lakSaragA) meM ( vyaMjanA kA ) antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / naiyAyika vidvAn 'vyaMjanA' kA antarbhAva 'abhidhA', 'lakSaNA' tathA 'anumAna' meM karake 'vyaMjanA' ko alaga 'vRtti' nahIM mAnanA caahte| unakA kahanA hai ki nAnArthaka sthaloM meM jo 'zabdazakti-mUlA vyaMjanA' hotI hai, vahA~ 'abhidhA' se kAma cala jAyagA / jaise - 'dUrasthA bhUvarA ramyA' ityAdi meM 'bhUdhara' zabda 'abhidhA' vRtti se 'parvata' artha ke samAna 'rAjA' artha kA bhI bodha karA diyA karegA / isI prakAra 'gaMgAyAM ghoSa' ityAdi 'lakSaNAmUlA vyaMjanA' ke prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' se hI 'zaityatva', 'pAvanatva' Adi arthoM

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 84 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ko pratIti ho jAyagI, jinheM vyaMgya mAnA jAtA hai / 'arthazaktimUlA' athavA 'prArthI vyaMjanA' kA antarbhAva 'anumAna' meM ho jAyagA / isa prakAra 'vyaMjanA' ko alaga vRtti mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ( dra0 - nIlakaNThI, khaNDa 4, pR030 ) / yahAM naiyAyikoM ke isa mantaMvya meM se nAgeza ne kevala itane aMza kA hI khaNDana kiyA hai ki 'lakSaNAmUlA vyaMjanA' kA 'lakSaNA' meM hI antarbhAva ho jAegA / nAgeza kA kahanA hai ki naiyAyikoM kI yaha bAta mAnane yogya nahIM hai / kyoMki 'lakSaNa' kI tInoM zarteM - 'mukhyArtha kI bAdhA', mukhyArtha se sambandha' tathA 'kisI vizeSa prayojana kA pratipAdana ' - 'vyaMjanA' meM anivAryataH rahA karatI ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / isakA pratipAdana isI prakaraNa meM Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / tathA ca AcArya mammaTa ne bhI kAvyaprakAza meM isa prasaMga ko uThAyA hai tathA 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH, kA udAharaNa prastuta karake yaha spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai ki vyaMjanA kA antarbhAva 'lakSaNA' meM nahIM ho sakatA / 'gaMgAyAM ghoSa:' isa prayoga meM 'gaMgA' zabda ke 'pravAha' rUpa artha ke bAdhita ho jAne para lakSya artha 'taTa' upasthita hotA hai / isI taraha yadi 'taTa' rUpa artha yadi bAdhita ho jAya tabhI vaha 'zaityatva' 'pAvanatva' Adi vyaMgya arthoM ko lakSya banA sakatA hai| yahAM na to 'taTa' mukhya artha hI hai aura na hI usakI bAdhA hai / 'lakSaNA ke liye 'mukhyArtha kI bAdhA' pahalI AvazyakatA hai| isake atirikta 'gaMgA' zabda ke lakSyArtha 'taTa' kA zaityatva pAvanatva Adi se vyaMgya artha, jinheM naiyAyika lakSya banAnA cAhatA hai, koI sambandha bhI nahIM hai / dUsarI AvazyakatA -' - 'mukhyArtha se sambaddha honA' - bhI yahAM nahIM hai / isI taraha 'kisI vizeSa prayojana kI pratIti karAnA' yaha tIsarI AvazyakatA bhI yahAM nahIM haiN| kyoMki zaityatva, pAvanatva Adi kI pratIti, jo svayaM hI prayojana - vizeSa haiM, aura kisa prayojana ko prastuta kara sakate haiM ? dra0 'hetvabhAvAnna lakSaraNA' - mukhyArthabAdhAditrayaM hetuH / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lakSyaM na mukhyaM nApyatra bAdho, yogaH phalena no / na prayojanam etasmin na ca zabdaH skhaladgatiH // nAnumAnaM rasAdInAM vyaGgyAnAM bodhanakSamam : zrAbhAsatvena hetunAM smRtirna ca rasAdi-dhIH // ( kAvyaprakAza, 2.16) naiyAyikoM ne 'prArthI vyaMjanA' kA jo 'anumAna' meM antarbhAva karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai usakA savistara khaNDana vizvanAtha Adi ne apanI pustakoM meM kiyA hai / dra0- ( sAhityadarpaNa, 5.4 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNam ['abhidhA' prAdi vRttiyoM kA prAzraya varNoM ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA] nanu koyaM vRttyAzrayaH zabdaH ? varNAH pratyekam iti cet, na / dvitiiyaadi-vrnnoccaarnn-vaiyrthyaapttH| nApi varNasaMghAtaH / uccarita-pradhvaMsitvena yaugapadyAsambhavAt / abhivyakter utpatter vA kSaNasthAyitvAt / kSaNAtmakakAlasya pratyakSAyogyatvena tad-avacchinna-varNasyApyapratyakSatvAt / uccAraNAdhikaraNa- kAlottara-kAla-vRtti-dhvaMsa-pratiyogitvam 'uccarita-pradhvaMsitvam' / 'iko yaNa aci" (pA06.1.77) ityAdau "tasmin"0 (pA0 1.1.66) iti paribhASopaskRta-vAkyArthe 'ayaM pUrvaH', 'ayaM paraH', iti naSTasya pratyakSa-viSayedaMzabdena paurvaapry-vyvhaaraayogaacc| "vattiyoM kA prAzrayabhUta yaha zabda kyA hai ? yadi pratyeka varNoM ko (prAzraya) mAnA jAya to (vaha ThIka) nhiiN| kyoMki taba (zabda ke) dUsare tIsare Adi vargoM kA uccAraNa anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai / aura na hI vargoM kA samudAya (vRttiyoM kA Azraya hai) / kyoMki vargoM ke uccarita evaM pradhvaMsI (vinAzI svabhAva vAlA) hone ke kAraNa vargoM kA eka sAtha upasthita honA rUpa samudAya (bana sakanA) asambhava hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki varNoM kI (nityatva pakSa meM) abhivyakti athavA (anityatva pakSa meM) utpatti eka kSaNa taka hI sthita rahane vAlI hotI hai| kSaNAtmaka kAla ke pratyakSa-yogya na hone ke kAraNa usa (kSaNa) meM rahane vAlA varNa bhI apratyakSa hI rahatA hai| uccarita pradhvaMsI-svabhAva vAlA hone kA artha hai (varNa ke) uccAraNa ke AdhArabhUta kAla ke pazcAt upasthita hone vAle kAla meM usa varNa kA abhAva ho jAnA / aura (isa prakAra vargoM ke uccarita-pradhvasI hone para) "iko yaNa, aci" ityAdi 1. h0-vrnnH| 2. kaaprshu0-kssnnaatm-| 3. ha.yogyAcca / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (sUtroM) ke, "tasminniti nirdiSTe pUrvasya" (pA0 1.1. 66) isa paribhASA (sUtra) ke dvArA, pariSkRta vAkthArtha meM, pratyakSa-viSayaka 'idam' (sarva nAma) zabda se 'yaha pahale hai,' tathA 'yaha bAda meM hai' isa taraha kA paurvAparya vyavahAra nahIM bana skegaa| mImAMsaka varNoM ko nitya mAnate haiM tathA unheM artha kA vAcaka mAnate hai| isIliye 'gauH ityatra kaH zabda: ?' ('gauH' isa prayoga meM zabda kyA hai ?) isa prazna ke uttara meM zabara svAmI ne kahA-"gakAraukAra visarjanIyAH iti bhagavAn upavarSaH" (momAMsA zAbara vRtti 1. 1. 5) arthAt-'g' 'au' tathA visarga inheM mImAMsA ke prAcIna AcArya upavarSa, 'gauH' isa prayoga meM zabda mAnate haiN| isa rUpa meM mImAMsaka dArzanikoM ke mata ke anusAra yadi vargoM ko hI vRttiyoM kA Azraya yA artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya to do vikalpa upasthita hote haiM--(ka) zabda meM vidyamAna pratyeka varNa ko artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya, athavA (kha) vargoM ke samudAya arthAt pUre pada ko artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya? inameM se prathama vikalpa to isaliye asvIkArya hai ki yadi pada ke pratyeka varNa usa abhISTa artha ke vAcaka haiM to, zabda ke prathama varNa ke uccAraNa se artha kI upasthiti ho jAne ke kAraNa, anya dvitIya, tRtIya Adi varNoM kA uccAraNa anAvazyaka ho jaayegaa| dUsare vikalpa-'varNa-samudAya kI arthavAcakatA' meM yaha kaThinAI hai ki varNoM kI sthiti aisI hai ki ve uccarita hote haiM, eka kSaraNa rahate haiM aura usake bAda vAle kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa taraha uccarita-pradhvaMsI svabhAva vAlA hone ke kAraNa vargoM kA samudAya hI nahIM bana sakatA / ataH varNoM ke samudAya yA pada ko, jisa kI sthiti hI sambhava nahIM hai, artha kA vAcaka kaise mAnA jAya ? yahAM yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki varNa eka kSaNa to rahate hI haiM phira unakA samudAya banane meM kyA kaThinAI hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA ki, cAhe mImAMsakoM ke anusAra varNoM ko nitya mAnate hue yaha kahA jAya ki varNa abhivyakta hote haiM athavA, naiyAyikoM ke anusAra vargoM ko anitya mAnate hue, yaha kahA jAya ki varNa utpanna hote haiM-ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM varNa kI abhivyakti yA utpatti kSaNika hai / 'kSaraNa hai kAla kA sabase choTA vibhAga, jisa taraha pathvI Adi kA sabase choTA vibhAga paramANa hai| yaha kSaNAtmaka kAla pratyakSa yogya nahIM hai / apane AdhArabhUta kSaNa rUpa kAla ke apratyakSa hone ke kAraNa AdheyabhUta varNa kI abhivyakti yA utpatti bhI pratyakSa-yogya nahIM ho sktii| varNoM ko uccarita tathA pradhvaMsI kahane kA bhI abhiprAya yahI hai ki jisa samaya ve uccarita hote haiM usa samaya ke dUsare kSaNa meM ve nahIM rahate / isa tathya ko mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne nimna zabdoM se prakaTa kiyA hai "ekaika-varNa-vartinI vAg na dvau yugapad uccArayati / 'gauH' iti gakAre yAvad vAg vartate na aukAre na visarjanIye / yAvad visarjanIye na gakAre na okAre / uccaritapradhvaMsitvAt / uccarita-pradhvaMsinaH khalvapi varNAH" (mahAbhASya, 1. 4. 106) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa isa prakAra uccAraNottarakAla meM naSTa ho jAne vAle ina vargoM kA samudAya to bana hI nahIM sakatA sAtha hI ina vargoM meM 'pUrva' tathA 'para' kA bhI vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki eka sAtha sthita vargoM ke viSaya meM hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha varNa pahale hai tathA yaha bAda meM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pUrvAparatA apekSAkRta hotI hai / aura isa pUrvApara-vyavahAra ke na ho sakane para "iko yaNa aci" jaise sUtroM kI pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki yahA~, saptamI nibhakti-nirdiSTa 'aci' jaise zabdoM ke kAraNa upasthita hone vAle "tasminniti nirdiSTe pUrvasya' isa paribhASA-sUtra ke AdhAra para, "iko yaraNa praci" sUtra kA artha yaha hogA ki- "ac' varNa ke pare hone para avyavahita pUrva meM vidyamAna 'ik' ke sthAna para 'yaNa' hotA hai|" isI prakAra una aneka sUtroM meM jinameM saptamI yA paMcamI vibhakti kA prayoga huA hai, 'pUrva' tathA 'para' kA vyavahAra na ho sakane ke kAraNa mahatI asaMgati upasthita hogii| ataH varNoM ko vRttiyoM kA Azraya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| [isa viSaya meM nayAyikoM kA mantavya] yatta tArkikAH-varNAnAm anityatve'pi uttarottara-varNe pUrva-pUrva-varNavattvam avyavahitottaratva-sambandhena saMskAravazAd gRhyate iti padasya' pratyakSatvAc chAbdabodhaH / yad vA pUrva-pUrva-varNajAH zabdA: 'zabdaja-zabda'-nyAyena caramavarNa-pratyakSa-paryantaM jAyamAnA eva santi iti na pada-- prtykssaanuppttiH| yad vA pUrva-pUrva-varNAnubhava-janya-saMskAra sadhrIcIna-carama-varNAnubhavataH zAbda-bodha:-ityAhuH / naiyAyika jo yaha kahate haiM ki (ka) varNo ke anitya hone para bhI bAda bAda meM uccarita varNa meM, vyavadhAna-rahita uttarakAlikatA ke sambandha se, pUrvoccArita varNo se yukta honA (yaha) saMskAra dvArA gRhIta hotA hai / (kha) athavA pUrva-pUrva-varNa se utpanna zabda (dhvani), 'zabdaja-zabda' nyAya se uccAryamAraNa pada ke antima varNa ke pratyakSa (zravaNa) hone taka, bAra-bAra utpanna hI hote rahate haiN| isalie zabda ke pratyakSa hone meM koI asaMgati nahIM hai| (ga) athavA pahale pahale (ke saba) varNo ke anubhava (zravaNa) se utpanna saMskAra ke sAtha antima varNa ke sunane se zAbda bodha hotA hai| 1. ha0, vaMbhi0-pada For Private and Personal Use Only

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85 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-jaMjUSA naiyAyikoM ne, varNoM ko anitya evaM artha kA vAcaka mAnate hue, zAbdabodha kI prakriyA para vicAra kiyA hai tathA isa viSaya meM tIna paddhatiyAM pradarzita kI haiN| pahalI paddhati yA vikalpa meM unakA kahanA yaha hai ki jaba kisI zabda kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai to zrotA jina vargoM ke uccAraNa ko suna cukA hotA hai unakA bhI saMskAra unakI buddhi meM banA rahatA hai / isa saMskAra ke dvArA, bAda bAda ke varNoM ke uccAraNa ke samaya bhI pahale pahale ke uccarita varNa gRhIta hote jAte haiM, kyoMki una pahale uccarita varNoM ke turanta pazcAt bAda meM uccarita hone vAle ina varNoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaise 'rAma' kahate samaya 'r', 'A' 'm', 'a' ina cAra varNoM kA uccAraNa vaktA kramazaH kregaa| yahAM 'r' ko sunane se jo saMskAra banA vaha usake turanta bAda bole jAne vAle 'A' ke uccAraNa ke samaya smRta hogA tathA isI prakAra ina donoM varNoM ke bAda jaba 'm' kahA jAyagA taba 'r' tathA 'A' donoM ke saMskAra zraMtA kI buddhi vidyamAna hoMge / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa prakAra uttarottara varNoM ke sAtha pUrva pUrva varNoM ke smRta yA gRrhata hone ke kAraNa pUrA pUrA pada eka taraha se pratyakSa ho jAtA hai jisase zAbdabodha huA karatA hai| yahAM vyavadhAna rahita uttarakAlInatA ke sambandha ke kAraNatraNa kA eka viziSTa krama bhI buddhi meM banA rahatA hai / isaliye 'saro' 'rasa' yA 'nadaH' 'dIna' ityAdi paraspara viparIta krama vAle zabdoM meM eka samAna jJAna nahIM hotA / dUsarI paddhati yaha hai ki 'zabdajazabda' nyAya se, arthAt jaise bherI kA eka zabda yA dhvani utpanna ho kara apane vinAza se pUrva dUsarI dhvani ko utpanna kara jAtI hai sI prakAra, pahale pahale uccarita varNa taba taka apane samAna dhvani ko utpanna karA rahate haiM jaba taka zrotA ko antima varNa nahIM sunAI de jAtA / isa taraha antima vara ke zravaNa-kAla taka, pahale pahale ke uccarita varNoM ke utpanna hote rahane ke kAraNa, pUrA pada sunAI de jAtA hai-- pratyakSa ho jAtA hai / tIsarI paddhati yaha hai ki pUrva pUrva ke saba varNoM ke zravaNa se utpanna jo saMskAra unake sAtha antima varNa kA zravaNa hone se zAbda bodha hotA hai| yahAM pahale ke varNoM kA jo eka sAmUhika saMskAra hai, jisake sAtha antima varNa ke zravaNa se artha-pratIti hotI hai, usameM koI viziSTa krama bhI rahatA hai aisI nizcita pratIti nahIM hotI / naiyAyikoM kI isa paddhati kA ullekha tarkabhASA ( zabdanirUpaNa) meM nimna zabdoM meM milatA hai : - " pUrva - pUrva- varNAn anubhUya antyavarNa-zravaNakAle pUrva-pUrva-varNAnubhavajanitasaMskAra sahakRtena antyavarNa-sambandhena padavyutpAdana - samaya grahAnugRhItena zrotreNa ekadaiva sadasadanekavarNAvagAhinI pada-pratItirjanyate sahakAridAdargyAt pratyabhijJAnavat" / nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI ( prAsattinirUpaNa) meM isI bAta ko saMkSepa meM nimna zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai : -" tattadudvarNasaMskArasahitacaramavarNopalambhena tadUvyaMjakenaivopapatteH" / For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa- nirUpaNa [naiyAyikoM ke ina tInoM vikalpoM kA khaNDana ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir darda avya tanna / pradye'yaM pUrvo'yaM para ityabhilApAsambhavena vyava hitottaratva-sambandhAyogAt, naSTa - vidyamAnayor vahitottaratva-sambandhasya vaktum azakyatvAcca / dvitIye zabdaja - zabda - nyAyena pada - pratyakSopapAdane'pi padasya avidyamAnatvena tatra zaktyAzrayatvasya grahAnupapatteH / avidyamAne grAzrayatvAGgIkAre 'naSTo ghaTo jalavAn' ityAdyApattezca / tRtIye yena krameNa anubhavas tenaiva krameNa tat - saMskAra - sthitir ityatra vinigamakAbhAvAt 'saro rasaH', 'nadI dIna : ' ityAdau viparIta - saMskArobodhena pratyekam pranyArtha - pratyayApatta eH :1 vaha ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki prathama (vikalpa) meM 'yaha pahale hai', 'yaha bAda meM hai' isa prakAra ke vyavahAra ke asambhava hone ke kAraNa vyavadhAna rahita uttarakAlInatA kA sambandha nahIM bana pAtA / sAtha hI naSTa (pUrva pUrva uccarita varNa) aura vidyamAna ( uttara uttara kAla meM uccAryamANa varNa) meM vyavadhAnarahita uttarakAlInatA kA sambandha bhI nahI batAyA jA sakatA / dvitIya (vikalpa) meM 'zabdajazabda' nyAya se (sampUrNa) pada kI pratyakSatA kI siddhi kara dene para bhI ( sAkSAt ) pada ke vidyamAna na hone ke kAraNa usameM 'zakti' kI prAzrayatA kA jJAna susaGgata nahIM ho paataa| kyoMki avidyamAna ( vastu) meM zrAzrayatA mAnane para 'naSTa ghaTa jala kA AdhAra hai' ityAdi (anucita vyavahAra ) hone lageMge / tRtIya (vikalpa) meM jisa krama se ( varNoM kA ) zravaraNa hotA hai usI krama se vaha saMskAra meM bhI upasthita ho isameM kisI nizcAyaka hetu ke na hone ke kAraNa 'saraH', 'rasaH' tathA 'nadI' 'dIna' ityAdi meM viparIta saMskAra ke jAgRta hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke ) pratyeka (zabda) meM dUsare artha kA jJAna hone lagegA | For Private and Personal Use Only zrAdya azakyatvAcca - vastutaH naiyAyikoM ne jo tIna vikalpa pradarzita kiye haiN| ve na kevala sarvathA kAlpanika haiM apitu asaGgata bhI haiN| inakI dRSTi meM varNa hI zabda haiM tathA ve anitya haiM, ve utpanna hote haiM tathA naSTa hote haiM / isaliye vargoM kI sAkSAt sattA to rahatI hI nahIM / ataH jaba varNa rahate hI nahIM to unameM vyavadhAnarahita uttarakAlInatA kA sambandha kaise sthApita ho sakatA hai / isa sambandha ke

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta parama-laghu-maMjUSA na hone se bAda bAda ke vargoM ke zravaNa-kAla meM pahale pahale ke vargoM kA jJAna bhI asambhava hai| dvitIye... ityAdyApattazca- isI taraha dvitIya vikalpa meM yadyapi naiyAyika 'zabdajazabda' nyAya ke dvArA pada ko pratyakSa to pramANita kara detA hai phira bhI usase abhISTa siddhi nahIM ho pAtI, kyoMki jaba varNa vastutaH haiM hI nahIM to varNoM kA samudAya rUpa pada bhI avidyamAna hai| isaliye use zakti kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aura yadi isa avidyamAna pada ko 'zakti' kA Azraya mAnA gayA to phira 'naSTo ghaTo jalavAn' (phUTA huA ghar3A jala se pUrNa hai) isa prakAra kI asaMgata bAteM bhI mAnanI pdd'eNgii| tRtIye.'' pratyayApatteH--tIsare vikalpa meM jo doSa diyA gayA hai vaha hai krama-hInatA kA doSa / pahale pahale ke sabhI vargoM kA saMskAra eka sAtha zabda ke antima varNa ke zravaNa ke samaya upasthita hotA hai yaha isa vikalpa meM kahA gayA hai / isaliye pahale ke varSoM ke saMskAra meM koI viziSTa krama ho hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH krama-viparyaya hone para zabda kA dUsarA ana bhISTa artha bhI nikala sakatA hai| jaise 'nadI' zabda ko kahane para 'dInaH' zabda kA artha, athavA 'saraH' kahane para 'rasaH' zabda kA artha bhI pratIta ho sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki isa tIsare vikalpa meM naiyAyikoM para jo kramahInatA kA doSa dikhAyA gayA hai kyA vaha vaiyAkaraNabhimata 'sphoTa' ke siddhAnta meM nahIM hai ? Akhira vaiyAkaraNa bhI to 'prAkRta dhvani' rUpa vargoM se hI 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti mAnate haiM / parantu sUkSma vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaiyAkaraNoM ke 'sphoTa' siddhAnta meM yaha doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki sphoTavAdI vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'sphoTa' sarvathA niravayava evaM akhaNDa hai| kramikatA to apane abhivyaMjaka vargoM kI kramikatA ke kAraNa 'sphoTa' meM prAbhAsita hotI hai| sAtha hI vaiyAkaraNa yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki yadyapi zabda ke prathama varNa se bhI akhaNDa sphoTa kI abhivyakti ho jAtI hai, parantu vaha pUrNataH, spaSTa rUpa meM bhalIbhAMti, pragaTa nahIM ho paatii| zabda ke anya vargoM ke dvArA bAra bAra kI gayI AvRtti se usI eka akhaNDa 'sphoTa' kA pUrNa pragaTIkaraNa ThIka usI prakAra hotA hai jisa prakAra eka pUrA anuvAka yA zloka bAra bAra kI AvRtti se smaraNa ho jAtA hai / dra0 yathAnuvAkaH zloko vA soDhatvam upagacchati / prAvRttyA na tu sa granthaH pratyAvRtti nirUpyate // pratyayar anupAkhyeyer grahaNAnuguNas tathA / dhvani-prakAzite zabde svarUpam avadhAryate // (vApa0, 1.83-84) isa 'sphoTa' kA citta meM jisa viziSTa krama se saMskAra hotA hai usI krama se vyaMjaka dhvaniyoM ke dvArA isa 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isaliye vaiyAkaraNoM kI 'sphoTa'-kalpanA meM uparyukta doSa nahIM aataa| dra0-"yena krameNa citte saMskAras For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa tenaiva krameNa vyaMjakarUpa-rUSitatA tasya iti svIkArAn na 'saro rasaH' ityanayoravizeSaH" (lama0pR0 182-83) / naiyAyika akhaNDa evaM niravayava 'sphoTa' ko mAnate hI nahIM isaliye ve isa yukti dvArA uparyukta doSa kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara skte| [naiyAyikoM kI bAta kA pataMjali ke kathana se virodha] utpatti-vinAzavad varNa-samudAyarUpa-padasya manuSyAdivad bhede "eka indra zabdaH kratuzate prAdurbhUto yugapat sarvayAgeSvaMgaM bhavati" iti bhASyavirodhApattezca / 'prAdurbhUto''bhivyaktaH / utpatti tathA vinAza (ina dharmoM) se yukta vargoM ke samudAya rUpa pada ko, manuSya Adi ke samAna, paraspara bhinna bhinna mAnane para "eka indra zabda sau yajJoM meM pragaTa hokara eka sAtha sabhI yAgoM meM aGaga (sAdhana) banatA hai" isa bhASya (ke kathana) se virodha upasthita hotA hai| (bhASya ko paMkti meM) 'prAdurbhUtaH' kA artha hai abhivyakta / utpatti tathA vinAza dharma vAle vargoM kA samudAya hI pada hai aisA mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM ke mata meM jitanI bAra eka zabda kA uccAraNa kiyA jAyagA utane bhinna bhinna zabda mAnane hoMge / yadi sau bAra 'indra' zabda kA uccAraNa kiyA gayA to sau bhinna bhinna 'indra' zabda mAnane hoNge| isa prakAra eka zabda meM, uccAraNa-bheda ke kAraNa, vibhinna -zabdatA ko mAnane para bhASyakAra pataMjali ke uparyukta kathana se spaSTata: virodha upasthita hotA hai / kyoMki ve 'indra' zabda ko eka mAnate hue use eka sAtha sabhI yAgoM meM sAdhana mAnate haiM / isake atirikta uccAraNa-bheda ke kAraNa bhinna bhinna hue ina zabdoM se zaktigraha yA artha-jJAna bhI asambhava ho jAyagA, kyoMki yahAM bhI prAnantya tathA vyabhicAra doSa upasthita hogaa| [vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM vRttiyoM kA prAzraya 'sphoTa'] nanu kastahi vRttyAzrayaH zabdaH ? sa' sphoTAtmaka iti gRhaann| nanu koyaM sphoTa: ? ucyate-caturvidhA hi vAgasti-'parA', 1. tulanA karo-mahA0 1.2.64; tad yathA eka indrazabdo'nekasmin Rtazate Ahato yugapat sarvatra bhavati / 2. ha. meM 'sa' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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62 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama laghu-maMjUSA 'pazyantI' 'madhyamA' 'vaikharI' ca / tatra mUlAdhArastha-pavanasaMskArIbhUtA mUlAdhArasthA zabdabrahmarUpA spandazUnyA 'bindurUpiNI 'parA' vAg ucyate / nAbhiparyantam AgacchatA tena vAyunA abhivyaktA manogocarIbhUtA 'pazyantI' vAg ucyate / etad dvayaM vAgbrahma yoginAM samAdhau nirvikalpakasavikalpaka-jJAna-viSaya ityucyate / tato hadayaparyantam AgacchatA tena vAyunA abhivyaktA tattadartha-vAcaka-zabdasphoTarUpA zrotra-grahaNAyogyatvena sUkSmA, japAdau buddhinirgAhyA 'madhyamA' vAg ucyate / tata Asyaparyantam AgacchatA tena vAyunA Urdhvam AkrAmatA ca mUrdhAnam pAhatya parAvRtya ca tattatsthAneSvabhivyaktA parazrotreNApi grAhyA 'vaikharI' vAg ucyate / tadAhaparAvAGa mUlacakrasthA pazyantI nAbhisaMsthitA / hRdisthA madhyamA jJeyA vaikharI kaNThadezagA / iti to phira 'vRttiyoM' kA AzrayabhUta zabda kyA hai ? 'sphoTa' rUpa zabda ko (vattiyoM kA prAzraya) smjho| yaha 'sphoTa' kyA hai ? (isake uttara meM) yaha kahA jAtA hai ki ... cAra prakAra kI vANI hai / 'parA', 'pazyantI', 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' / unameM mUlAdhAra (cakra) meM rahane vAlI vAyu ke saMskAra se abhivyakta mUlAdhAra (cakra) meM (hI) rahane vAlI, zabdabrahmarUpA, kriyA-zUnya tathA kAraNabindurUpA vANI 'parA' mAnI jAtI hai| nAbhi taka Ane vAlI usa vAyu se abhivyajyamAna tathA kevala mana kA viSaya banane vAlI vANI 'pazyantI' mAnI gayI hai / ye donoM hI vAgabahma ('parA' tathA 'pazyantI') samAdhi kI sthiti meM (kramazaH) nirvikalpaka tathA savikalpaka jJAna ke viSaya haiM---yaha kahA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt nAbhi se hRdaya taka AtI huI usa vAyu se pragaTa hone vAlI una una (vibhinna) arthoM ke vAcaka zabda-sphoTa rUpa, zrotrendriya dvArA zravaNIya na hone ke kAraNa sUkSma tathA japa Adi meM (kevala) buddhi dvArA jJeya vANI 'madhyamA' kahalAtI hai| 1. tulanA karo-prapaMcasAra (paTa0 1, zloka 43); bindos tasmAd bhidyamAnAd ravo'vyaktAtmako'bhavat / sa eva zruti-sampannai: zabdabrahma ti gIyate // vaMmi meM 'savikalpaka' pATha nahIM hai / 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa phira hRdaya se mukha taka AtI huI evaM (mukha ke) UparI bhAga kI ora TakarAtI huI vAyu se, mUrddhA ko abhihata karake (pIche) lauTane ke pazcAt una una sthAna vizeSoM meM pragaTa huI evaM dUsare ke kAnoM dvArA sunI jA sakane vAlI vANI 'vaikharI' kahalAtI hai| isa (viSaya) ko (nimna kArikA meM) kahate haiM- "mUla cakra meM rahane vAlI 'parA', nAbhi meM rahane vAlI 'pazyantI', hRdaya meM sthita vANI 'madhyamA' tathA kaNTha-deza meM rahane vAlI vANI 'vaikharI' samajhanI caahiye"| uparinirdiSTa kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa, mImAMsakoM tathA naiyAyikoM ke siddhAntoM ko mAnakara varNoM yA varNa samudAyoM ko vRttiyoM kA Azraya banAnA kathamapi sayuktika nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye vaiyAkaraNa-abhimata 'sphoTa' ko hI vRtti kA Azraya mAnanA caahiye| 'sphoTa' kA svarUpa saMkSepa meM yaha hai ki varNo kI prAkRta-dhvani se abhivyakta hone vAlA, parantu varNo se pRthaka raha kara artha kA bodha karAne vAlA, nitya evaM niravayava sUkSma zabda hI 'sphoTa' hai| varSoM se abhivyakta honA tathA artha kA jJAna karAnA ina do dRSTiyoM ke kAraNa 'sphoTa' zabda kI vyutpatti do taraha se kI jAtI hai| pahalI vyutpatti hai'sphuTati-abhivyajyate varNaH' (karma meM' ghaJ' pratyaya), arthAt jo varNo se abhivyakta hotA hai| dUsarI vyutpatti hai - 'sphuTati-vikasati-prakAzate artho'nena' (karaNa meM 'dhatra' pratyaya), arthAt jisase artha kA prakAzana hotA hai| vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn vAkya meM pada kI tathA pada meM varNo kI vAstavika sattA nahIM mAnate / isaliye vaiyAkaraNoM meM pramukha bhartRhari Adi akhaNDa vAkya ko 'sphoTa' mAnate haiM tathA kucha anya pada ko 'sphoTa' mAnate haiN| kevala zAstrIya prakriyA ke nirvAha ke liye ye bhartRhari Adi vidvAn pada-sphoTa yA varNa-sphoTa kI kalpanA ko avAstavika sattA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / yaha saba isa graMtha ke prArambha meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai (dra0 -pUrva pRSTha 2-13) / parA-'sphoTa' ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vicAra karate hue nAgeza ne varNa ke cAra prakAroM kA bhI yahAM ullekha kiyA hai| ina caturvidha vANiyoM kI vistRta carcA hameM sarvaprathama bhartRhari kI amara kRti vAkyapadIya kI svopajJa TIkA meM dekhane ko milatI hai / vahAM 'parA' vANI ko 'pazyantI' kA prakRSTa rUpa mAnA gayA hai tathA use apabhrazarahita evaM loka-vyavahArAtIta batAyA hai-"paraM tu pazyantIrUpam anapabhraMzam asaGkIrNa lokavyavahArAtItam" (svopajJaTIkA 1.143) / isI TIkA ke eka anya sthala para bhartRhari ne 'parA' ko vANI kI vaha mUlAvasthA mAnA hai jisameM sabhI prakAra ke vikAra prazAnta ho jAte haiM:-"pratyastamita-sarva-vikArollekha-mAtrAM parAM prakRti pratipadyate" (1.14) / isa vANI ko mahAbhArata meM 'svarUpa-jyoti' tathA 'ana pAyinI' arthAt sva-prakAzasvarUpA evaM nitya yA vinAzarahita kahA gayA hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama laghu-maMjUSA svarUpa-jyotirevAntaH sUkSmA vAg anpaayinii| (svopajJaTIkA, 1.143 meM uddhata) atyadhika sUkSma hone ke kAraNa isI 'parA' kA dUsarA nAma 'sUkSmA' bhI hai / isI 'parA' ko bhartRhari ne 'prAptarUpavibhAgA' vANI kA 'paramarasa' tathA 'puNyatama jyoti' kahA hai| (dra0-vApa0, 1.12) . bhAratIya cintakoM, RSiyoM tathA yogiyoM kI yaha dhAraNA rahI hai ki vAraNI kA sUkSmatama rUpa evaM parama rahasyabhUta yaha tattva mAnava-zarIra ke mUlAdhAra cakra meM kuNDalinI ke rUpa meM rahatA hai tathA ise hI 'AtmA', 'cit', 'savit' ityAdi nAmoM se kahA gayA hai| yaha 'parA' vANI hI jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa hai tathA ise hI sUkSma sphoTa bhI kahA jAtA hai| prANa vAyu kA saMyoga hone para 'pazyantI', madhyamA' Adi vividha rUpoM meM isakA vivartana hotA hai / 'parA' ko niSpanda tathA anya tIna 'pazyantI' Adi ko saspanda mAnA jAtA hai| dra0--"varNAdi-vizeSarahitA cetana mizrA sRSTyupayoginI jagadupAdAnakAraNabhUtA kuNDalinIrUpeNa prANinAM mUlAdhAre vrtte| kuNDalinyAH prANavAyusaMyoge parA vyajyate / iyaM niSpandA / pazyantyAdayaH saspandA asyA vivartAH / iyam eva sUkSmaH sphoTa ucyate" (e DikzanarI aAfa saMskRta grAmara meM uddha t)| ___ isa 'parA' kA ullekha bhartRhari ne apanI kArikAoM meM spaSTataHkahIM nahIM kiyA hai / apanI eka kArikA (1.143) meM unhoMne kevala tIna 'pazyantI' 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' kA nAma ginAyA hai tathA vANI ko trividha ghoSita kiyA hai / isI kAraNa bhartRhari ko kucha vidvAn kevala trividha vANI kA hI poSaka mAnate / parantu yaha dhAraNA satya nahIM pratIta hotI / bhartRhari ko caturvidha vAraNI abhimata hone para bhI 'parA' kA ullekha unhoM ne saMbhavataH isaliye nahIM kiyA ki 'parA' vyAkaraNa kA viSaya nahIM ho sktii| sAmAnyatayA to 'pazyantI' bhI vyAkaraNa kA viSaya nahIM hai| parantu yogiyoM ko vANI kI 'pazyantI' avasthA meM zabdoM kI prakRti pratyaya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| isaliye 'pazyantI' kA ullekha to bhartRhari ne kiyA, parantu 'parA' kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isa tathya kA ullekha nAgeza bhaTTa ne mahAbhASya kI 'uddyota' TIkA meM nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai--"madhyamA' hRdaya-dezasthA pada-pratyakSAnupapattyA vyavahAra-kAraNam / 'pazyantI' tu loka-vyavahArAtItA / yoginAM tu tatrApi prakRti-pratyaya-vibhAgAvagatirasti / 'parAyAM' tu neti 'trayyAH' ityuktam' (mahAbhASya, bhA0 1, pR0 33) / nAgeza ne isa sthiti kA spaSTIkaraNa ladhumaMjUSA (pR0 174 tathA 178) meM bhI kiyA hai| isa viSaya ke vistRta adhyayana kI dRSTi se draSTavya mere lekha 'caturvidhAyA vAcaH svarUpa nivRttiH' (vizvasaMskRtam, agasta 64) tathA 'catvAri vAkparimitA padAni ityatra bhartRhariH' (vizvasaMskRtam, pharavarI 66) / nAgeza ne yahAM 'parA' ko 'mUlAdhArastha-pavana-saMskArIbhUtA' arthAt mUlAdhAra cakra meM rahane vAlI vAyu se saMskRta mAnA hai / jJAta artha ko batAne kI abhilASA vAle vyakti For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa- nirUpaNa 65 kI vivakSA (bolane kI icchA ) se utpanna prayatna ke kAraNa mUlAdhArastha pavana ke sAtha 'parA' kA yoga hI usakA 'saMskAra' hai / 'parA' vANI ke liye nAgeza ne jisa 'bindurUpiNI' vizeSaraNa kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai / yahAM 'bindu' kA abhiprAya hai ' kAraNa- bindu' | apanI laghumaMjUSA ( pR0 168-72 ) meM nAgeza ne zAbdI sRSTi kI prakriyA kA jo varNana prastuta kiyA hai usakA saMkSipta rUpa yaha hai ki pralayAvasthA meM mAyA parabrahma meM samAviSTa rahatI hai / parantu prANiyoM ke karmo kA paripAka ho jAne para parabrahma se mAyA pRthak hotI hai tathA brahma kI kriyAtmaka preraNA ke kAraNa vaha 'kAraNa bindu' kI sthiti meM prAtI hai / yaha 'kAraNa bindu' atyanta sUkSma tattva hai tathA tInoM guNoM (sattva, raja tathA tama) se samaveta hai / yaha 'kAraNa bindu' hI 'kAryabindu', 'nAda' tathA 'bIja' ina tIna rUpoM meM pariNata hotA hai | parantu jaba 'kAraNa bindu' ina tIna rUpoM meM vibhakta hotA hai to eka avyakta 'zabdabrahma' yA rava kI utpatti hotI hai, jo mUlAdhAra meM vahAM kI vAyu se sambaddha yA susaMskRta hokara 'para vAk' nAma grahaNa karatA hai / isI taraha kI prakriyA kA ullekha, nAgeza ke pUrvavartI evaM tripurA sampradAya ke apekSAkRta arvAcIna AcArya tathA TIkAkAra, zrI bhAskara rAya ne bhI lalitAsahasranAma ( zlo0 132 ) kI TIkA meM kiyA hai| ina donoM kI prakriyA meM antara kevala itanA hI pratIta hotA hai ki nAgeza kArya-bindu', nAda tathA bIja ina tInoM ko hI 'kAraNa- bindu' ke tIna rUpa mAnate jabaki bhAskara rAya ke anusAra kAraNabindu 'kArya-bindu' ke rUpa meM tathA 'kArya-bindu' 'nAda' ke rUpa meM ora 'nAda' 'bIja' ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai / isa rUpa meM ina donoM kI dRSTi meM 'parAvAk' paramatattva na hokara brahma kI mAyAzakti kI eka avasthA - vizeSa hai jo sAdi aura sAnta hai / spaSTa hai ki 'parA vAk' sambandhI, nAgeza bhaTTa ke isa kathana para bhAskara rAya ityAdi zaivAgama ke dArzanikoM kA pUrA prabhAva hai / parantu bhartRhari ne jisa 'parA' yA zabda brahma ko sRSTi ke mUla tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai vaha brahma kI abhinna zakti hI hai, yA spaSTa zabdoM meM zakti kI koI avasthA vizeSa na hokara, svayaM sAkSAt brahma hai / pazyantI - 'pazyantI' vANI ke svarUpa kA vivaraNa bhI vAkyapadIya kI svapojJa TIkA (1.143 ) meM milatA hai jisakA saMkSepa meM yaha abhiprAya hai ki 'pazyantI' kI sthiti meM vANI pravibhakta rahatI hai / usameM kramikatA yA varNa Adi kA paurvAparya anabhivyakta rahatA hai / yadi vaktA kI vivakSA ke samaya 'parA' kA saMskAra hotA hai yA 'parA' kA kSetra vaktA kI bolane kI icchA taka hai to isase agalI sthiti 'pazyantI' kI hai / nAbhi taka Ane vAlI vAyu dvArA 'pazyantI' vAraNI ko abhivyakti milatI hai tathA isakA jJAna kevala mana ke dvArA hI ho pAtA hai / mana apanI manana-zakti ke sAtha isa sthiti meM vizeSa sakriya rahatA hai / / isa sthita meM sabhI padArtha pratyavabhAsita hote haiM / yaha pratyavabhAsana yA jJAna zabda tathA artha kI abhinnarUpatA meM hI hotA hai / isa rUpa meM sabhI padArthoM tathA arthoM kI prakAzikA hone ke kAraNa isa kA nAma 'pazyantI' par3A ( 80 - vRSabhadeva kI TIkA, cArudeva saMskaraNa pR0 127) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vayAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA madhyamA-hRdaya paryanta Ane vAlI vAyu se abhivyakta hone vAlI vahI mUla vANI, jise mUlAdhAracakra meM 'parA' tathA nAbhi pradeza meM 'pazyantI' nAma diyA gayA thA, hRdayapradeza meM prAkara 'madhyamA' nAma se abhihita hotI hai / 'madhyamA' kI sthiti meM eka viziSTa kama yA prakAra ke sAtha zabda buddhi meM pratyavabhAsita hotA hai| parantu buddhi eka hai tathA zabda usa buddhi se abhinna hai, isaliye vastutaH zabda bhI abhinna evaM akrama hI rahatA hai| isIlie bhartRhari ne 'madhyamA' ko 'parigRhItakamA iva' kahA hai| kevala buddhi se hI 'madhyamA' vANI kA grahaNa (jJAna) hotA hai, ataH ise mahAbhArata meM 'kevalaM buddhyupAdAnA' kahA hai tathA bhartRhari ne 'buddhimAtropAdAnA' kahA hai / (dra0 --svopajJaTIkA, pR0 126-128) tattadartha-vAcaka-zabda-sphoTa rUpA-yahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki madhyamA vANI hI 'sphoTa' hai jo vibhinna artho kA vAcaka hai / vastutaH vANI kI 'parA' tathA 'pazyantI' sthitiyA~ to jana sAmAnya ke liye sarvathA agamya haiN| ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vAcaka zabda tathA vAcya artha kI pRthaka pRthaka rUpa se pratIti nahIM ho paatii| isa liye ina donoM ke bAda vAlI sthiti 'madhyamA' ko hI 'sphoTa' (artha kA vAcaka) mAnA gayA / laghumaMjUSA (pR0 178-76) meM isa viSaya ko ina zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai -"tato hRdayaparyantamAgacchatA tena vAyanA hadayadeze abhivyakta-tattada artha-vizeSAttattacchabda-vizeSollekhinyA buddha yA viSayIkRtA hiraNayagarbha-devatyA parazrotragrahaNAyogyatvena sUkSmA 'madhyamA vAg' ityucyate", arthAt--hRdaya pradeza meM abhivyakta una una artha-vizeSa ke liye una una zabda-vizeSa kA nirdhAraNa karane vAlI buddhi kA jo vANI viSaya banatI hai vaha 'madhyamA' hai / tAtparya yaha haiM ki 'madhyamA' kI sthiti meM buddhi usa artha-vizeSa ke liye zabda-vizeSa kA nizcaya kara letI hai jise vaktA prakaTa karanA cAhatA hai / yahAM bhI zabda, sthUla dRSTi se anabhivyakta, athavA ISad abhivyakta rahatA hai / __ zrotra-graharaNAyogyatvena sUkSmA- isa pATha ke sthAna para laghumaMjUSA (pR0 176) kA 'parazrotra-grahaNAyogyatvena' pATha nizcita hI adhika spaSTa hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki dUsaroM ke zrotroM ke dvArA zravya na hone ke kAraNa yaha madhyamA bhI sUkSma vANI hai| palama0 ke pATha kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai para vaha aspaSTa hai / madhyamA ke viSaya meM laghumaMjUSA (pR.0 176) meM "svayaM tu karNapidhAne sUkSmataravAyvabhighAtena upAMzuzabdaprayoge ca zrUyamANA sA ityAhuH", arthAt donoM kAnoM ko banda kara dene para sUkSmatara vAyu ke AghAta ke sAtha tathA mAnasa japa Adi ke samaya vaha madhyamA vANI svayaM ko sunAI detI hai', yaha kaha kara spaSTa kara diyA gayA ki svayaM ko to 'madhyamA' vANI sunAI detI hai para dUsaroM ko nahIM / 'madhyamA' kI azrAvyatA kA ullekha eka anya kArikA meM bhI milatAvaikharI zabdaniSpattimadhyamA'zru tigocarA (laghumaMjUSA kI kalA TIkA, pR0 181 meM uddhRta) buddhini hyA-'madhyamA' kevala antaHkaraNa yA buddhi se hI grAhya hai| sAmAnyatayA zrotrAgrAhya hone ke kAraNa 'madhyamA' kevala buddhi se hI grAhya ho sakatI hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki palama meM yahIM kucha Age madhyamA nAda ke sambandha meM ThIka isI prakAra kI bAteM kahI gayI haiN| dva0-"madhyamAnAdazca sUkSmataraH karNapidhAne japAdau ca sUkSmataravAyavyaMgyaH" / parantu sAtha hI use zabda-brahmarUpa sphoTa kA vyaMjaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa vakharI-'vikhara' arthAt mukha meM hone ke kAraNa vANI ke isa rUpa ko 'vaikharI' kahA gayA hai| isa sthiti meM vANI dUsaroM ke dvArA sunI jA sakatI hai| 'vaikharI' kI avasthA meM Akara vANI ananta bhedoM vAlI ho jAtI hai| ina bhedoM kA nirdeza karate hue bhartRhari ne svopajJa TIkA meM likhA hai-"zliSTA vyaktavarNa-samuccAraNA prasiddhasAdhubhAvA bhraSTasaMskArA c| tathA yA prakSe, yA dundubhau, yA veNau, yA vINAyAm ityaparimANabhedA" arthAta avyakta varNa vAlI, vyakta varNa vAlI, sAdhu zabdoM vAlI, apabhraMza zabda vAlI ityAdi aneka bheda sArthaka zabdoM kI dRSTi se to haiM hI sAtha hI zakaTAkSa ke parivartana meM, dundubhi ke prAghoSa meM, bAMsa ke phaTane meM, tathA vINA ke vAdana meM vANI ke jo vibhinna prakAra hote haiM ve saba hI vaikharI ke prakAra haiM (dra0 svopajJa TIkA, pa0 126) / vastutaH mukha se vyakta hone vAlI vaikharI' ke samAna jo bhI dhvaniyAM dUsaroM ke sunane yogya haiM una sabako saMbhavataH bhartRhari ne 'vaikharI' ke antargata mAna liyA hai| vaikharI kaNThadezagA-yahA~ 'kaNTha' zabda ko upalakSaNa mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki 'vaikharI' kI sthiti meM 'kaNTha' ke sAtha sAtha mukha ke anya tAlu, mUrdhA, danta, oSTha Adi sthAnoM meM bhI vANI kI abhivyakti hotI hI hai| ['madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' nAda kA antara] vaikharyA hi kRto nAda: para-zravaNa-gocaraH / madhyamayA kRto nAdaH sphoTa-vyaMjaka iSyate / / yugapadeva madhyamA-vaikharIbhyAM nAda utpadyate / tatra madhyamAnAdo artha-vAcaka-sphoTAtmaka-zabda-vyaMjakaH / vaikharI-nAdo dhvaniH sakala-jana-zrotramAtra-grAha yo bheryAdivannirarthakaH / madhyamA-nAdazca sUkSmataraH karNapidhAne japAdau ca sUkSmataravAyu-vyaMgya: zabda brahma-rUpa-sphoTavyaMjakazca / tAdRza-madhyamA-nAda-vyaMgyaH' . zabdaH sphoTAtmako brahmarUpo nityazca / tad Aha hari:"anAdi-nidhanaM brahma zabda-tattvAM yad akSaram / vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH / / (vApa0 1.1) 'vaikharI' vANI ke dvArA utpanna nAda dUsare ke zrotra kA viSaya banatA hai tathA 'madhyamA' vANI se utpanna nAda 'sphoTa' kA vyaMjaka kahA jAtA hai| 1. ha.-parazra timAtragocaraH / 2. baMmi0-vAcakaH / 3. ha.-nAdavyaMgya-1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (vaktA kI dRSTi se) 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' (vAriNayoM) se eka sAtha nAda utpanna hotA hai| unameM 'madhyamA' nAda artha ke vAcaka 'sphoTa' rUpa zabda kA abhivyaMjaka hai| 'vaikharI' (se utpanna) nAda rUpa dhvani sabhI vyaktiyoM ke zrotramAtra se grAhya hai tathA bherI Adi ke nAda ke samAna nirarthaka hai, aura 'madhyamA' nAda ('vaikharI' nAda kI apekSA) adhika sUkSma hai| kAnoM ko banda karane para aura japa Adi ke samaya atyanta sUkSma vAyu se yaha vyakta hotA hai tathA zabda-brahma rUpa 'sphoTa' kA vyaMjaka hai / isa prakAra ke 'madhyamA' nAda se vyakta hone vAlA sphoTAtmaka zabda brahmarUpa hai tathA nitya hai| usake viSaya meM bhartRhari ne kahA hai "jisase jagat kA kriyA-kalApa, artha (bAhyArtha evaM bauddhArtha) rUpa meM vivitata hotA hai, tathA jo anAdi, ananta, akSara-rUpa evaM zabda-tatvAtmaka brahma hai"| ___Upara kI kArikA tathA usake bAda ke gadyAMza meM 'madhyamA' vANI ke dvArA utpanna nAda tathA 'vaikharI' vANI ke dvArA utpanna nAda ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'madhyamA' vANI se utpanna nAda artha-bodhaka 'zabda' kI, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'sphoTa' hai, abhivyaMjanA karAtA hai| vaikharI nAda sthUla hotA hai isaliye usako sabhI suna sakate haiM / parantu vaikharI nAda ke prakaTa hone se pUrva hI, vaktA kI dRSTi se, madhyamA nAda ke dvArA artha ke vAcaka sphoTa kA abhivyaMjana ho jAne ke kAraNa vaikharI nAda, bherI Adi ke nAda ke samAna, nirarthaka hotA hai| dUsarI ora madhyamA nAda atyanta sUkSma hotA hai, ataH use dUsarA koI bhI nahIM suna sakatA / isa madhyamA nAda kA, kAnoM ko banda kara dene para athavA mAnasa japa Adi ke samaya, atyadhika sUkSma vAyu ke dvArA kathaMcit anubhava ho pAtA hai| isa prakAra sUkSma vAyu ke dvArA abhivyakta yaha madhyamA nAda zabdabrahma athavA usake dUsare paryAya 'sphoTa' kA abhivyaMjaka hotA hai / isa madhyAnAda kI sthiti meM hI vaktA ko vAcaka zabda tathA vAcya artha kI pRthaka pRthak rUpa se spaSTa pratIti hotI hai| sambhavataH yahI madhyamAnAda dvArA 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti kA yahAM tAtparya hai / isa prasaMga ko Age isI prakaraNa ke anta meM kahe gaye "atredaM bodhyam / tato'rthavodhaH" ityAdi paMktiyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM samajhanA hogA / vaktA kI dRSTi se pahale madhyamA nAda upasthita hogA tathA usI sthiti meM vaktA ko 'sphoTa' kI pratIti ho jaayegii| isake bAda vaikharI dhvani ke dvArA vaha usa madhyamAnAda ko aura spaSTa karegA / isI kAraNa vaikharI nAda ko madhyamAnAda kA utsAhaka (abhivardhaka) kahA gayA, ThIka usI prakAra jisa prakAra phUtkAra Adi agni ke utsAhaka haiN| parantu vaktA madhyamAnAda ke lagabhaga sAtha hI vaikharI nAda kA prakAzana karatA hai isalie eka sAtha hI donoM nAdoM kI utpatti kI bAta kahI gyii| Upara 'madhyamA' vAk ke varNana ke prasaMga meM use 'zabda sphoTa-rUpA' kahA gayA hai, arthAt vaha 'madhyamA' vAk hI 'sphoTa' hai / yahA~, 'madhyamA' vANI se utpanna madhyamA nAda ko sphoTa kA abhivyaMjaka kahA gayA hai / yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki prAkRta dhvani For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa ko bhI sphoTa kA vyaMjaka mAnA gayA hai tathA madhyamAnAda ko bhii| ina donoM sphoTavyaMjakoM meM kyA antara hai ? sAtha hI vaikharI nAda ko bherI Adi ke nAda ke samAna jo sarvathA nirarthaka kahA gayA hai usakA abhiprAya bhI sarvathA spaSTa nahIM ho paataa| yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki uparyukta kArikA tathA usakI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA yaha gadyAMza donoM hI laghumaMjUSA meM nahIM milate / sphoTa ke brahmatva kA pratipAdana bhI isa rUpa meM ladhumaMjUSA meM nahI prApta hotaa| bhartRhari kI "anAdi-nidhanam" kArikA bhI, jise yahAM uddhata kiyA gayA hai, laghumaMjUSA meM 'parA' vAk ke prasaMga meM hI uddhRta hai| anAdi-nidhanaM brahma-bhartRhari ne apane vAkyapadIya ke brahmakANDa kI isa prathama kArikA meM vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA abhimata zabda-brahma kA svarUpa batAyA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM kA brahma zabda-tattvAtmaka hai-anAdi, ananta evaM avinAzI hai| yaha zabda rUpa brahma hama sabakI buddhi meM vidyamAna ananta arthoM, padArthoM tathA abhiprAyoM, vicAroM, kalpanAoM ke rUpa meM tathA dUsarI ora sthUla jagat ke sampUrNa bAhya padArthoM, vastuoM evaM sRSTiyoM ke rUpa meM vivartita athavA AbhAsita hotA hai / isI zabdabrahya se jagat kI sampUrNa prakriyA sampanna hotI hai / isa kArikA se Age kI anya tIna kArikAoM meM bhI isI zabdabrahma ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana milatA hai, jinameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki zabdabrahma eka hai, parantu apanI ananta evaM vibhinna zaktiyoM kA Azraya hone se aneka sA pratIta hotA hai, zaktiyoM se sarvathA abhinna hotA huA bhI bhinna sA bhAsita hotA hai| isa zabdabrahma kI pramukha zakti hai, kAla zakti jisameM zabdabrahma kI anya ananta zaktiyAM samAzrita haiN| yaha kAla zakti janma Adi cha bhAva-vikAroM kA parama adhiSThAna hai, jo padArthamAtra athavA ceSTA yA vyApAramAtra meM paraspara bheda utpanna kiyA karate haiN| yaha zabdabrahma hI sabakA mUla kAraNa hai tathA vahI bhoktA, bhoktavya evaM bhoga saba kucha svayaM banA huA hai-ityAdi / yoM to pUrA prathama kANDa hI zabdabrahma ke svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hai tathA usakI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ko spaSTa karatA hai, jisake kAraNa isa kANDa ko brahmakANDa kahA jAtA hai, parantu isa prasaMga meM nimna prAraMbhika kArikAyeM zabdabrahma ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI hai : ekam eva yad prAmnAtaM bhinna zakti-vyapAzrayAt / apRthaktve'pi zaktibhyaH pRthaktveneva vartate // 2 adhyAhita-kalAM yasya kAlazaktim upAzritAH / janmAdayo vikArAH SaD-bhAva-bhedasya yonayaH // 3 ekasya sarvabojasya yasya ceyam anekaghA / bhokta-bhoktavya-rUpeNa bhoga-rUpeNa ca sthitiH // 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 100 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [sphoTa eka evaM prakhaNDa hai ] 2. 3. 4. sa ca yadyapyeko'khaNDazca / tathApi padaM vAkyam' / japAkusumAdi - lauhitya-pItatvAdi-vyaMjako parAga-vazAla' lohitaH, pItaH, sphaTika iti bhAnavad varNAdi-vyaMgyaH varNarUpaH padarUpo vAkyarUpazca / yathA ca mukhe maNikRpAraNa-darpaNa - vyaMjakopAdhi-vazAd dairdhya - vartulatvAdibhAnaM tadvat / tad uktam Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pade na varNA vidyante' varNeSvavayavA na ca' / vAkyAt padAnAm prapyantaM praviveko na kazcana / ( vA pa0 1. 73 ) aura vaha (sphoTa ) yadyapi eka tathA prakhaNDa hai phira bhI pada aura vAkya kahA jAtA hai | lAla tathA pIle Adi (raMgoM ) ke vyaMjaka japA puSpa Adi ke uparAga (samparka) ke kAraNa (svaccha varNa vAlA) sphaTika lAla tathA pIlA hai| isa pratIti ke samAna varNa Adi ( pada tathA vAkya) se vyakta hone vAlA (eka evaM khaNDa 'sphoTa') varNarUpa, padarUpa tathA vAkyarUpa ho jAtA hai / aura jaise maraNa, talavAra tathA darpaNa (ina) vyaMjaka rUpa ' upAdhiyoM' ke kAraNa mukha meM bhI lambAI - golAI Adi kI pratIti hotI hai usI prakAra ('sphoTa' meM abhivyaMjaka varNa, pada tathA vAkya ke dharmoM kI pratIti hotI hai)| isa viSaya meM bhartRhari ne kahA hai "pada meM varNa tathA varNoM meM (unake) avayava nahIM hote / ( isI prakAra ) vAkya se padoM kA pArthakya nahIM hai / " yadyapi vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'sphoTa' eka evaM niravayava hai tathApi varNa, pada tathA vAkya kI 'prAkRta' dhvani se vaha vyakta huA karatA hai, isaliye usa eka sphoTa ke bhI 'vasphoTa' prAdibheda ho jAte haiN| 'prAkRta' dhvani ke dvArA sphoTa kI abhivyaMgyatA kI dRSTi se hI 'sphoTa' zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai- " sphuTati varNAdibhir grabhivyajyate yaH sa sphoTa: " / isa prakAra varNarUpa 'madhyamA' nAda se abhivyakta hone vAlA sphoTa 'varNasphoTa', pada rUpa madhyamA' nAda se vyakta hone vAlA sphoTa 'padasphoTa' tathA vAkyarUpa madhyamA 1. 'tathApi padaM vAkyam' yaha aMza yahAM sarvathA asaMgata evaM anAvazyaka pratIta hotA hai kyoMki yahIM Age 'sphoTa' ke liye 'varNarUpo padarUpo vAkyarUpazca' kI bAta kahI gayI hai / ha0 vazyAt / ha0 vAkyeSva - 1 vAkyapadIya meM 'avayavA iva' tathA 'avayavA na vA' pAThabheda milate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 101 nAda se vyakta hone vAlA sphoTa 'vAkyasphoTa' hai / vyaGgya meM vyaMjaka kA dharma AbhAsita hotA hai tathA upadheya meM upAdhi kI vizeSatA saMkrAnta huI pratIta hotI hai / jaise-lAla athavA pIle japA Adi ke phUloM (upAdhi) kI lAlimA, pItimA se uparakta sapheda sphaTika (upadheya) bhI lAla, pIlA Adi dikhAI dene lagatA hai| isa viSaya meM bhartRhari kI nimna kArikA draSTavya hai yathA raktaguNe tattvaM kaSAye vyapadizyate / saMyogi-sannikarSAt tu vastrAdiSvapi gRhyate // (vApa0 3.1.7) jisa prakAra lAla gaNa meM rahane vAlI lAlimA kA prayoga lAla guNayukta kaSAya rUpa dravya ke liye, 'yaha lAla hai' isa rUpa meM, kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra 'saMyogI' (kaSAyabhUta dravya) ke 'sannikarSa' (sambandha) se vastra Adi meM bhI raktatA dharma kI pratIti hotI hai| to jisa prakAra rakta dravya geru Adi ke viSaya meM 'yaha lAla hai' isa prakAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tathA kaSAyabhUta dravya ke sambandha se vastra ko lAla kaha diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra 'sphoTa' meM bhI, abhivyaMgya tathA abhivyaMjaka ke sambandha ke kAraNa, varNa, pada tathA vAkya kA vyavahAra hotA hai| vyaMjaka yA 'upAdhi' kA dharma vyaMgya yA upadheya meM prativimbita hotA hai isa kathana ke poSaNa ke liye dUsarA udAharaNa yahAM maNi, kRpANa prAdi kA diyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra vyaGgya mukha vyaJjaka mariNa meM, usakI golAI ke kAraNa, gola dikhAI detA hai tathA kRpANa meM, usakI lambAI ke kAraNa, lambA dikhAI detA hai usI prakAra vyaGgya 'sphoTa' meM vyaMjaka varNa Adi ke dharmoM ke pratIti hotI hai| bhartRhari ke nAma se vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa (LXVI, pR0 252) meM uddhata nimna kArikA meM isI udAharaNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai : yathA maNi-kRpANAdau rUpam ekam anekadhA / tathaiva dhvaniSu sphoTa eka eva vibhidyate // upAdhi -'upa-samIpatini svIyaM dharmam AdadhAti iti upAdhiH' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra vyaMjaka ko hI yahAM 'upAdhi' se vizeSita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki vyaJjaka apane dharma kA prAdhAna vyaGgya meM karatA hI hai| pade na varNA vidyante0-bhartRhari Adi vaiyAkaraNa na to vAkya meM padoM kI sattA mAnate hai aura na padoM meM varSoM kii| bhartRhari kA kahanA hai ki yadi padoM ke samudAya ko tathA vargoM ke samudAya ko kramazaH vAkya tathA pada mAnA gayA to vargoM meM bhI, aNu meM paramANu ke samAna, vibhinna varNAzoM yA khaNDoM kI sattA mAnanI hogI tathA ina khaNDoM ke kramazaH uccarita hone, aura isa rUpa meM eka sAtha na upasthita hone tathA eka dUsare se asaMspRSTa rahane ke kAraNa na to eka varNa kI sthiti sambhava hogI, na eka pada kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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102 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ora na eka vAkya kii| phira aisI avasthA meM kisako artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAyagA (dra0-bApa0 2. 28-29) / isaliye vaiyAkaraNa na to zabda ko vibhakta mAnanA hai aura na artha ko| ___ 'pade na varNA vidyante0' isa kArikA ko vAkyapadIya ko svaupajJa TIkA meM jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai usase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA haiM ki isa kArikA meM 'zabdanAnAtva', arthAt varNa, pada tathA vAkya tInoM hI pRthak pRthak haiM, tInoM hI satya haiM, tInoM meM avayava-avayavI kI sthiti svIkArya nahIM haiM, ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA se pUrva, padabhede'pi varNAnAm ekatvaM na nivartate / vAkyeSu padam ekaMJca bhinneSvapyupalabhyate / na varNa-vyatirekeNa padam anyacca vidyate / vAkyaM varNa-padAbhyAM ca vyatiriktaM na kiMcana // (vApa0 1.71-72) ina do kArikAmoM meM, 'zabdakatvavAda' ko prastuta karate hue yaha kahA gayA ki, gau, gavaya, gagana Adi padoM ke bhinna bhinna hone para bhI gakAra Adi varNa eka haiM yaha pratIti hotI hI hai| isaliye bhinna padoM meM bhI vargoM kI ekatA sthita rahatI hai / tathA isI taraha, 'gAm pAnaya', 'gAM dogdhi' ityAdi, bhinna bhinna vAkyoM meM 'go' Adi padoM kI ekatA kA jJAna bhI banA hI rahatA hai / isaliye, bhinna bhinna vAkyoM meM vidyamAna ve ve pada bhI eka hI haiN| isa prakAra varNo tathA padoM kI ekatA ke siddha ho jAne para varNa hI pada haiM tathA pada hI vAkya haiN| isalie vaNaM tathA pada se kucha atirikta (adhika) vAkya nahIM hai| pada varNa se adhika (bhinna) nahIM hai kintu varNa hI pada haiM tathA vAkya varNa aura pada se adhika kucha nahIM hai| isa rUpa meM 'ekatvavAda' ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kara dene ke uparAnta 'apara Aha' kaha kara svopajJaTIkAkAra ne "pade na varNA vidyante"0 kArikA ko prastuta kiyA hai jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve isa kArikA meM 'zabdanAnAtvavAda' ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana mAnate haiN| parantu nAgeza ne yahA~ sphoTakatvavAda ke jisa prasaMga meM isa kArikA ko uddhRta kiyA haiM usase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki ve isa kArikA ko bhI 'zabdakatvavAda' kA hI pratipAdaka mAnate haiN| vastutaH nAgeza ko yahA~ yaha kArikA uddhRta na karake upari nirdiSTa "padabhede'pi varNAnAm0" tathA "na varNavyatirekeNa0" kArikAoM ko uddhata karanA cAhie jinameM, vAkyapadIya kI svopajJa TIkA ke anusAra, 'zabdakatvavAda' kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki nAgeza bhaTTa ne bhaTTo jI dIkSita ke vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta kArikA tathA, usakI koNDabhaTTa dvArA viracita vyAkhyA, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa se prabhAvita hokara hI bhartRhari kI "pade na varNA vidyante0" kArikA ko For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 103 'zabdanAnAtvavAda' kI pRSThabhUmi meM prastuta kiyaa| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki, vAkyapadIya kI anya aneka kArikAoM ke samAna, isa kArikA ko bhI bhaTTo jI dIkSita ne apanI, vyAkaraNa sambandhI, kArikAoM meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai / vaibhUsA0 meM isa kArikA kI upakramaNikA meM kauNDabhaTTa ne spaSTataH kahA hai-"idAnIm akhaNDapakSam Aha -- "pade na varNA vidyante0" (dra0-vaibhUsA0, pR0 461) / [ katva', 'gatva' prAdi kA sphoTa meM prAbhAsa tathA usakA kAraNa] kiM ca vyaMjaka-dhvani-gata'-katva-gatvAdikaM sphoTe bhAsate / vimba-gata-dharma-vaiziSTyenaiva prativimbasya loke'vdhaarnnaat| vyaMjaka-rUSitasyaiva' sphaTikAder bhAnAcca / yathA caikasya aAkAzasya 'ghaTAkAzaH', 'mahAkAzaH' ityaupAdhiko bhedaH, yathA caikasyaiva caitanyasya aupAdhiko jIvezvarabhedo jIvAnAM ca paraspara-bhedaH, evaM sphoTe vyaMjaka-dhvani-gata-katva-gatvAdi-bhAnAt kakAro buddha ityaupAdhiko bheda-vyavahAraH / 'praupAdhiko bhedaH' ityatra upAdhiH ghaTa-katvAdir* bhinnaH,upadheyas tu AkAza-sphoTAdir eka eva iti tAtparyam / pada-vAkyoH sakhaNDatva-pakSe tvantima-varNa-vyaMgya: sphoTa eka eva / pUrva-pUrva-varNastu tAtparya-grAhakaH / nyAya-naye 'citraguH' ityAdau citrAdipadavat / isake atirikta vyaMjaka dhvani ke katva, gatva, Adi (dharma) sphoTa meM prAbhAsita hote haiM kyoMki loka meM vimba (vyaMjaka) ke dharma-vizeSa ke sAtha hI prativimba (vyaMgya) kA jJAna hotA hai tathA vyaMjaka (ke rUpa) se yukta sphaTika kA bodha hotA hai| aura jisa prakAra eka AkAza ke 'ghaTAkAza' tathA 'mahAkAza' Adi aupAdhika (vizeSaNa-kRta) bheda hote haiM tathA jisa prakAra eka caitanya ke upAdhikRta jIva aura Izvara tathA jIvoM ke (zarIra-rUpa upAdhi1. ha.-dhvanigatam / 2. ha.-avadhAraNAnubhavAt / hai.- vyaMjakarUparUpikasyaiva / vaMbhi0-vyaMjakarUSarUSitasyaiva / ha.-upAdhighaTakatvAdibhinnaH / vaMmi0-upAdhiH katvAdibhinna-- nisa0-upAdhiH katvAvibhinna For Private and Personal Use Only

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104 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kRta) pArasparika bheda hote haiM, isI prakAra 'sphoTa' meM bhI, (usake) vyaMjaka dhvani katva, gatva Adi dharmoM kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa, 'kakAra kA bodha humA' isa prakAra kA upAdhikRta bheda-vyavahAra hotA hai / 'aupAdhika bheda hai' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki 'upAdhiyA~' ('ghaTAkAza' ko dRSTi se) ghaTa tathA ('ka' rUpa 'sphoTa' kI dRSTi se) katva, Adi bhinna bhinna haiM / parantu upadheya (vyaMgya) 'AkAza' tathA 'sphoTa' Adi to eka hI haiN| pada tathA vAkya ke sakhaNDatva pakSa meM to (zabdoM ke) antima barNa se vyakta hone vAlA sphoTa eka hI hai| pahale-pahale ke varNa to (antima varNa se vyakta hone vAle sphoTa ke) usI prakAra tAparya-grAhaka haiM jisa prakAra, nyAya darzana ke siddhAnta ke anusAra, 'citraguH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'citra' Adi (antima 'go' pada ke artha 'citra gau kA svAmI' ke) kevala tAtparya-grAhaka haiM / yahAM 'ka' Adi vargoM ke dharma 'sphoTa' meM kyoM bhAsita hote haiM ? isakA uttara yaha diyA gayA hai ki 'sphoTa' bimba (vyaMgya) hai tathA 'ka' Adi varNoM kI dhvani usakA prativimba (vyaMjaka) hai| vyaMjaka 'kA' dharma vyaMgya meM A hI jAtA hai, isaliye vyaMjaka 'ka' Adi varNAtmaka dhvaniyoM ke dharma, katva prAdi, se sphoTa kA yukta honA svAbhAvika hI hai| vyaMgya tathA vyaMjaka athabA upadheya aura upAdhi ke do aura udAharaNa dekara isa bAta kI puSTi kI gayI hai / ve udAharaNa haiM ~~'AkAza' tathA 'caitanya' / eka hI AkAza apanI upAdhi 'ghaTa' Adi ke kAraNa una-una dharmoM se yukta hokara bhinna-bhinna bhAsane lagatA hai / parantu vastutaH vaha eka hai| eka hI caitanya ke, zarIra tathA sampUrNa jagat ina do upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa, jIva tathA Izvara ye do bheda ho jAte haiM / parantu ina upAdhiyoM meM saMkrAnta hone vAlA caitanya vastutaH eka hI mAnA jAtA hai / isI prakAra eka hI 'sphoTa', aneka 'ka' Adi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa, 'katva' Adi aneka rUpoM meM vibhakta sA pratIta hotA hai| padavAkyayoH sakhaNDatvapakSe-Upara zakti-nirUpaNa ke prArambha meM hI 'sphoTa' ke ATha bheda dikhAye gae haiM / vahAM 'padasphoTa' tathA 'vAkyasphoTa' ke pahale do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM'padavyaktisphoTa' tathA 'padajAtisphoTa', 'vAkyavyaktisphoTa' tathA 'vAkyajAtisphoTa' / 'jAti' akhaNDa mAnI gayI hai, isaliye usameM akhaNDa tathA sakhaNDa bheda nahIM kiye gaye / parantu 'padavyaktisphoTa' tathA 'vAkyavyaktisphoTa' meM khaNDa kI kalpanA ho sakatI hai, isaliye inake punaH do bheda kiye gaye-'sakhaNDapadavyaktisphoTa' tathA 'akhaNDapadavyaktisphoTa' aura isI prakAra 'sakhaNDavAkyavyaktisphoTa' tathA 'paakhnnddvaakyvyktisphott'| isa sakhaNDa vibhAga kI dRSTi se hI 'sphoTa' kI ekatA kA pratipAdana nAgeza yahAM kI antima paMktiyoM meM kara rahe haiN| nyAyanaye 'citraguH' ityAdau citrAvipadavat-vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn samAsa meM zakti mAnate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM 'rAjapuruSaH' yA 'citraguH' eka samasta evaM avibhAjya zabda hai tathA 'rAjA kA puruSa' yA 'citakabarI gAya vAlA prAdamI' ye artha pUre, avibhakta For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 105 samasta, pada ke haiN| 'rAjan' tathA 'puruSa' yA 'citra' tathA 'go' kA samAsa meM alaga alaga artha nahIM hai| dra0 brAhmaNArthoM yathA nAsti kazcit brAhmaNakambale / devadattAdayo vAkye tathaiva syuranarthakAH / / (vApa0 2. 18) parantu naiyAyika vidvAn aisA nahIM mAnate / ve samAsa meM zakti na mAna kara alagaalaga pado kA alaga alaga artha karate haiM tathA, 'lakSaNA' vatti ke AdhAra para, avayava bhUta padoM se hI, samAsa se pragaTa hone vAle artha kA prakAzana mAnate haiN| yahA~ 'nyAyanaye' kaha kara nAgeza ne naiyAyikoM ke isI siddhAnta kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / samAsa meM 'zakti' na mAnane ke kAraNa inheM 'vyapekSAvAdI' kahA jAtA hai| kucha naiyAyika vidvAn 'citraguH' pada meM 'go' pada kI 'gosvAmI' artha meM lakSaNA' karate haiM tathA 'go' meM 'citra' kA abheda-sambandha se anvaya karate haiM / parantu dUsare naiyAyika 'go' pada kI 'gosvAmI' meM lakSaNA nahIM karanA cAhate kyoMki "padArtha kA padArtha ke sAtha hI anvaya ho sakatA hai, padArtha ke eka deza ke sAtha nahIM"-yaha eka nyAya hai / yahAM 'go' pada ke artha 'go-svAmI' kA 'go' rUpa artha 'padArthaikadeza' hai, isaliye usa meM 'citra' ke padArtha kA anvaya nahIM ho sktaa| isa kAraNa ye dUsare naiyAyika 'go' pada kI 'citra-go-svAmI' artha meM 'lakSaNA' karate haiM tathA 'citra' pada ko 'go' pada ke isa viziSTa artha kA dyotaka mAnate haiN| ____ to jisa prakAra ye naiyAyika 'citraguH' zabda meM 'go' pada ko hI 'citra-go-svAmI' isa pUre artha kA, 'lakSaNA' vRtti se, bodhaka mAnate haiM tathA 'citra' pada ko 'go' pada ke usa viziSTa tAtparya kA dyotakamAtra mAnate haiM, usI prakAra 'padasphoTa' tathA 'vAkyasphoTa' kI sakhaNDatA ke pakSa meM padoM tathA vAkyoM meM antima varNa se 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti mAnanI cAhiye / antima varNa se abhivyakta hone vAlA yaha 'sphoTa' eka hai, pada yA vAkya ke pahale pahale ke varNa to kevala usa tAtparya ke dyotakamAtra haiN| [do prakAra kI dhvaniyAM] dhvanistu dvividhaH prakRto vaikRtazca / prakRtyA' arthabodhanecchayA svabhAvena vA jAtaH sphoTa-vyaMjaka; prathamaH prAkRtaH / tasmAt prakRtAja jAto vikRti-viziSTaza cira-sthAyI nivartako vaikRtikaH / harir apyAha 1. mi0-prakRtArtha / 2. ha0 meM 'prAkRta:' pada anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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106 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sphoTasya grahaNe hetuH prAkRto dhvanir iSyate / / (vApa0 1.76 kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhRta) zabdasyordhvam abhivyakter vRtti-bhede tu vaikRtAH / dhvanayaH samupohante sphoTAtmA tairna midyate // (vApa0, 1.78) zabdasya abhivyakterUvaM vaikRtA dhvanayaH, 'jAyante' iti zeSaH / 'vRttibheda' itiabhyAsArthe tu tA vRttirmadhyA vai cintane smRtaa| ziSyANAm upadezArtha vRttiriSTA vilambitA // iti tisRSu vRttiSu 'samupohante'-kAraNani bhavanti / sphoTastu tairna bhidyate iti tadarthaH / dhvani do prakAra kI hotI hai-'prAkRta' tathA 'vaikRta' / 'prakRti' (arthAt) artha-jJApana kI icchA, athavA svabhAva, se utpanna tathA sphoTa kI abhivyakti karAne vAlI (dhvani) prathama athavA 'prAkRta' hai| usa 'prAkRta' (dhvani) se utpanna, (tathA) vikAroM se yukta evaM cirakAla taka rahane vAlI (dhvani) 'vaikRta' hai / bhartRhari bhI kahate haiM 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti meM 'prAkRta' dhvani hetu hai tathA, 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti ke uparAnta, (druta Adi) vRttiyoM kI bhinnatA meM 'vaikRta' (dhvaniyA~) hetu haiM / unake kAraNa sphoTa ke svarUpa meM koI bhinnatA nahIM paatii| (bhartRhari kI kArikA meM) 'zabda' kI abhivyakti ke uparAnta 'vaikata' dhvaniyAM utpanna hotI haiM' yaha (kathana) zeSa hai|' vRttibhede' (vRttiyoM kI bhinnatA isa prakAra hai) "abhyAsa ke liye drutA vRtti tathA cintana ke samaya madhyA (vRtti) kahI gayI hai / ziSyoM ke upadeza ke liye vilambita vRtti abhISTa hai|" 1. tulanA karo-bAkyapadIya svopajJaTIkA 1.76, - evaM hi saMgraha kAra. paThatizabdasya grahaNe hetuH prAkato dhvaniriSyate / sthiti-bhede nimittatvaM vaikRtaH pratipadyate // tulanA karo-mahA0 uddyota TIkA 1.1.68 meM uddha ta ; abhyAsArthe dutA vRttiH prayogArthe tu mdhymaa| tathA yAjJavalkyasmRti (52) meM uddhata,abhyAsArthe dra tAM vatti prayogArthe tu madhyamAm / ziSyANAm upadezArthI kurthAda vRtti vilambitAm // laghumaMjuSA (10 200) ke isa prasaMga meM Upara kA 'abhyAsArthe dra tA." zloka uddhata nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 107 ina tIna vRttiyoM meM 'vaikata' dhvaniyAM kAraNa hotI haiN| inake kAraNa sphoTa meM bheda nahIM AtA / yaha usa (bhartRhari kI kArikA) kA artha hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'sphoTa' yA zabda nitya, prakhaNDa, eka evaM avibhAjya hai tathA vaha madhyamA nAda ke dvArA pahale abhivyakta hotA hai, arthAt vANI kI madhyamA sthiti ke samaya sarvaprathama usakI abhivyakti hotI hai isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai (da0-pUrva pR0 66-67) / 'prAkRta' tathA 'vakRta' dhvaniyAM-yahAM usI nAda ko do prakAra kI dhvaniyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- 'prAkRta' tathA 'vaikRt'| inameM 'prAkRta' vaha prathama dhvani hai jisase 'sphoTa' yA zabda prathamataH zravaNagocara hotA hai yA abhivyakta hotA hai| 'prakRtyA jAtaH prAkRtaH' isa vigraha ke anusAra prakRti arthAt 'sphoTa' yA zabda kI abhivyakti kI dRSTi se jisa kI utpatti huI vaha 'prAkRta' dhvani hai| vaktA 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti ke liye 'prAkRta' dhvani ko utpanna karatA hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'sphoTa' hI 'prAkRta' dhvani ke rUpa meM abhi. vyakta hotA hai| isaliye 'sphoTa' ko 'prAkRta' dhvani kA kAraNa athavA prakRti mAnA gayA hai| nAgeza ne 'prakRti' kA artha 'arthabodhanecchA' kiyA hai / isakA abhiprAya hai artha ko batAne ke liye sphoTa kI abhivyakti / 'prAkRta zabda kI vyutpatti -'prakRtau bhavaH prAkRtaH' (prArambha meM hone vAlA) bhI kI jA sakatI hai| zabdAbhivyakti meM sabase pahale yahI dhvani upasthita hotI hai| usake bAda 'vaikRta' dhvani ke dvArA vibhinna vRttiyoM se yukta zabda kA zravaNa hotA hai / vAkyapadIya kI svopajJa TIkA meM 'prAkRta' dhvani use kahA gayA hai, jisake abhAva meM sphoTa' kA svarUpa anabhivyakta hone ke kAraNa parijJAta nahIM ho paataa| dra0-"prAkRto nAma yena vinA sphoTa-rUpam anabhivyaktaM na paricchidyate" (cArudeva saMskaraNa pR0 78) / yahIM 'vaikRta' dhvani kI paribhASA meM yaha kahA gayA ki abhivyakti ke uparAnta jisase sphoTa nirantara adhika kAla taka-jaba taka dhvani samApta nahIM ho jAtI taba taka sunAI detA rahatA hai vaha 'vaikRta' dhvani hai| dra0- "vaikRtastu yenAbhivyaktiM sphoTarUpaM punaH punaravicchedena pracitataraM kAlam upalabhyate" (vahI) / svopajJa TIkA ke vyA khyAkAra vRSabhadeva ne 'prAkRta' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki dhvani tathA sphoTa kI pRthak pRthak upalabdhi na hone kAraNa sphoTa ko dhvani kI prakRti sA mAnA jAtA hai| usa prakRtibhUta 'sphoTa' kI abhivyakti meM hetu hone ke kAraNa prathama dhvani ko 'prAkRta' dhvani kahate haiN| 'prAkRta' dhvani ke uparAnta hone vAlI dhvani 'prAkRta' dhvani se vilakSaNa hotI hai tathA usa dhvani meM 'sphoTa' ke sAtha vikAroM kA sambandha pratIta hotA hai, isaliye isa uttarakAlIna dhvani ko 'vaikRta' dhvani kahA jAtA hai| dra0-"dhvanisphoTayoH pRthakta venAnupalambhAt taM sphoTaM tasya dhvane: prakRtim iva manyante / tatra bhava: 'prAkRtaH' / taduttarakAlabhAvI tasmAd vilakSaNa evopalabhyate iti vikArApatti riva sphoTasya iti 'vaikRta' ucyate" (vhii)| 'prAkRta' dhvani ke binA 'sphoTa' yA 'zabda' kA zravaNa nahIM ho pAtA isaliye use eka taraha se 'sphoTa' kA hI svarUpa mAna liyA gayA hai tathA usameM 'prAkRta' For Private and Personal Use Only

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108 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA dhvani ke hrasva, dIrgha, pluta Adi dharmoM kA, 'lakSaNA' vRtti dvArA, Aropa kara liyA gayA / dra0-- svabhAvabhedAn nityatve hrasvadIrghaplutAdiSu / prAkRtasya dhvaneH kAla: zabdasyetyupacaryate // (vApa0, 1.76) svarUpa kI dRSTi se nitya hone para bhI hrasva, dIrgha, pluta Adi sthitiyoM meM 'prAkRta' dhvani kA jo kAla hai use zabda kA mAna liyA jAtA hai| zabdasyordhvam abhivyakteH- kevala 'prAkRta' dhvani ke dharmoM ko hI 'sphoTa' yA 'zabda' kA dharma kyoM mAnA jAtA hai, "vaikRta" dhvani ke 'dra ta' Adi vRttiyoM ko 'sphoTa' kA dharma kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahA~ uddha ta bhartRhari kI kArikA meM mila jAtA hai aura vaha yaha ki 'sphoTa' ke abhivyakta ho jAne ke pazcAt 'vaikRta' dhvani apane vikAroM ke sAtha upasthita hotI hai| isa prakAra 'sphoTa' tathA 'vakRta' dhvani meM spaSTataH bheda ke pragaTa ho jAne ke kAraNa 'vaikRta' dhvani ke dharmoM ko 'sphoTa' meM adhyAropita nahIM kiyA jaataa| dra0-"tasmAd upalakSita-vyatirekeNa vaikRtena dhvaninA samprayujyamAno'pi sphoTAtmA tAdrUpyasya anadhyAropAt zAstre hrasvAdivat kAlabhedavyavahAraM nAvatarati'' (svopajJa TIkA, pR0 80) / 'jAyante' iti zeSa:-"zabdasyordhvam abhivyaktaH0" isa kArikA ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue nAgeza ne 'jAyante' isa kriyApada kA adhyAhara kiyA hai| inake anusAra isa kArikA kA anvaya hogA-"zabdasya abhivyakteH UrdhvaM vaikRtA dhvanayaH jAyante / te ca jAtAH (dru tAdi-) vRttibhede 'samupohante' (kAraNAni bhvnti)|" arthAt zabda kI abhivyakti ke uparAnta 'vaikRta' dhvaniyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| utpanna duI ve 'vaikRta' dhvaniyAM 'dUta' Adi vRttiyoM kI bhinnatA meM kAraNa banatI haiN| vastutaH isa 'jAyante' kriyA ke adhyAhAra kI koI AvazyakatA yahAM nahIM hai, kyoMki 'vaikRtAH' pada 'dhvanayaH' kA vizeSaNa hai tathA 'dhvanaya:' 'samupohante' isa kriyA kA kartA hai| ataH usa kriyA se yahAM artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| [ bakharI' nAda tathA 'madhyamA' nAda kA, udAharaNa dvArA, spaSTIkaraNa] atredaM bodhyamkenacid 'ghaTam prAnaya' iti 'vaikharI' nAdaH prayuktaH / sa kenacit zrotrendriyeNa gRhItaH / sa nAda indriyadvArA buddhihRdgataH san arthabodhakaM zabdaM sva-niSTha-katvAdinA vyaJjayati / tasmAd arthabodhaH / 'sphuTatyartho'smAd' iti vyutpattyA' 'sphottH'| 1. ha0 meM anupalabdha / 2. h.-krnne-| 3. ha. meM isake bAda 'ata eva' pATha adhika hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 106 uccArayitustu yugapadeva 'madhyamAvaikharIbhyAM' nAda utpadyate / tatra 'vaikharI'-nAdo vaha ne: phUtkArAdivan 'madhyamA'-nAdotsAhakaH / 'madhyamA'-nAdaH sphoTaM vyaJjayati iti zIghrameva tato'rthabodhaH / parasya vilambena anubhava-siddhatvAt / ata eva "zrotropalabdhirbuddhinirgrAhyaH prayogeNAbhijvalita AkAzadezaH zabdaH" (mahA0, bhA0 1, pR0 65) ityAkaragranthaH saGa gcchte| katvAdinA zrotropalabdhitvaM sphoTAtmaka-padAdi-rUpeNa tu buddhi-nirgrAhyatvam / sa ca prayogeNa 'vaikharI' rUpeNa abhijvalitaH svarUparUSitaH kRta iti tadarthaH / yahAM yaha jAnanA cAhiye-kisI ke dvArA 'ghaTam pAnaya' isa 'vaikharI' nAda (dhvani) kA uccAraNa kiyA gayA / usa (dhvani) ko kisI ne zrotrendriya dvArA grahaNa kiyaa| vaha dhvani zrotrendriya dvArA buddhi tathA hRdaya meM jAkara arthabodhaka zabda ko, apane 'katva' Adi ke dvArA, vyakta karatA hai / usa (abhivyakta 'sphoTa') se artha kA jJAna hotA hai / 'sphuTatyartho'smAt' (isase artha kA prakAzana hotA hai) isa vyutpatti se (artha-vAcaka zabda ko) 'sphoTa' kahA jAtA hai| uccAraNa karane vAle (vyakti) se 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' (vANI kI ina avasthAoM) dvArA eka sAtha hI dhvani utpanna hotI hai| unameM 'vaikharI' nAda, phaMkane se jisa prakAra Aga bar3hatI hai usI prakAra, 'madhyamA' nAda ko bar3hAne vAlA hai / 'madhyamA' nAda 'sphoTa' ko abhivyakta karatA hai| isa taraha (uccArayitA ko) usa (vyakta 'sphoTa') se zIghra hI artha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| (paranta) dUsare (zrotA) ko dera se (artha kA jJAna hotA hai yaha) anubhavasiddha hai| isIlie ('sphoTa' ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI) "kAnoM se jisakA zravaNa hotA hai, buddhi se jisakA artha jJAta hotA hai, uccAraNa se jisakI abhivyakti hotI hai tathA jo AkAza meM rahatA hai vaha zabda hai" yaha bhASya (-vacana) susaGgata hotA hai / "katva" Adi dhvani rUpa se zrotra dvArA usa 'sphoTa' kA grahaNa hotA hai / 'pada-sphoTa' Adi (tathA 'vAkya-sphoTa') rUpa se usa 'sphoTa' kA buddhi ke dvArA jJAna hotA hai aura vaha (sphoTa) 'vaikharI' dhvanirUpa prayoga se abhivyakta hotA hai-apane rUpa ('katva' Adi) se yukta kiyA jAtA hai" yaha usa (bhASya-paMkti) kA artha hai / 1. ha. meM nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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110 vayAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-naMjUzA __yahA~ zrotA tathA vaktA donoM kI dRSTi se 'sphoTa' ke dvArA arthAbhivyakti kA krama batAyA gayA / 'vaikharI' nAda ke dvArA 'zabda' zrotA ke kAnoM taka pahu~catA hai aura phira kAnoM se buddhi tathA hRdaya meM pahu~cakara vaha zrotA ko artha kA bodha karAtA hai| parantu vaktA kI dRSTi se to eka sAtha hI 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' vANiyoM dvArA nAda yA dhvani kI utpatti hotI hai| nAgeza ne Upara parA, pazyantI madhyamA, vaikharI vAriNayoM kI carcA karate samaya bhI isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai- "yugapadeva madhyamA-vaikharIbhyAM nAda utpadyate / tatra madhyamA nAdo'rthavAcaka-sphoTAtmaka-zabda- vyaJjakaH / " vahAM bhI vaktA kI dRSTi se hI 'madhyamA' tathA 'vaikharI' dvArA eka sAtha nAdotpatti kI bAta kahI gayI hai| prayogeNAbhijvalitaH-yahAM vidyamAna 'prayoga' zabda kA abhiprAya nAgeza ne 'vaikharI' dhvani kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA 'prAkRta' dhvani se hI sphoTa kI abhivyakti bhartRhari Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne mAnI hai jisakA nidarzana Upara ho cukA hai| parantu yahAM 'sphoTa' kI parazravaNagocaratA (dUsare ke dvArA sunAI dene kI yogyatA) kA prasaMga hone ke kAraNa 'vaikharI' dhvani hI 'prayoga' kA pada abhiprAya honA caahiye| kyoMki 'vaikharI' rUpa se hI 'sphoTa' dUsaroM ke lie zravya yA abhivyakta hotA hai| "sphoTa:' zabdo dhvaniH zabda-guNaH" (mahA0 1.1.66) isa kathana meM bhI pataMjali ke 'dhvani' kA abhiprAya 'vaikharI' dhvani hI mAnanA cAhiye / anyathA 'ghbani-kRtA vRddhiH' yaha bhASyakAra kA kathana asaGgata ho jAyegA, kyoMki 'vRddhi' Adi vikAra 'vaikharI' dhvani ke hI dharma mAne gaye haiN| ['jAti' hI vAstavika 'sphoTa' hai] tatrApi zakyatvasyeva zaktatAvacchedikAyA varNa-padavAkya-niSTha-jAteH vAcakatvam / taduktam :aneka-vyakta yabhivyaGyA jAtiH sphoTa iti smRtA / iti / (vApa0 1.63) tasmAd aSTavidha-sphoTAtmakaH zabdo vRttyAzrayaH / vastutastu vAkyasphoTo vAkyajAtisphoTa eva vRttyAzrayaH / tata eva loke arthabodha ityAdhuktatvAt / iti sarva suttham / iti sphoTa-nirUpaNam una ('pada-sphoTa' tathA 'vAkya-sphoToM' meM bhI (ghaTa, paTa Adi arthoM meM rahane vAlI ghaTatva paTatva Adi 'jAtiyoM' kI) vAcyatA ke samAna vAcakatA meM rahane vAlI ('ghaTa', 'paTa' Adi pada-niSTha ghaTa-padatva, paTa-padatva Adi) 'jAti', jo varNa, pada tathA vAkya meM rahatI hai, usI meM (vAstavika) vAcakatA hai| isI (bAta) ko (bhartRhari ne) kahA hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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sphoTa-nirUpaNa 111 "aneka ('ghaTa' 'paTa', Adi pada rUpa) 'vyaktiyoM' se abhivyakta hone vAlI 'jAti' hI 'sphoTa' hai| isaliye ATha prakAra kA 'sphoTa' rUpa 'zabda' hI 'vRttiyoM' kA Azraya hai| vAstava meM to 'vAkya-sphoTa' yA (aura spaSTa zabdoM meM) 'vAkya-jAtisphoTa' hI 'vRttiyoM' kA Azraya hai, kyoMki usase hI loka meM artha kA jJAna hotA hai, ityAdi bAteM pahale kahI jA cukI haiN| isa prakAra ('sphoTa' ke mAnane para) saba susaGgata ho jAtA hai| yaha 'sphoTa'-viSayaka vivecana samApta huaa| jAtervAcakatvam--vyAvahArika buddhi ke santoSa athavA vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM ko prakriyA ke nirvAha ke liye yadyapi 'sphoTa' ke aneka bheda kiye jAte haiM, parantu vAstavika 'sphoTa' yA arthavAcaka zabda to 'jAti sphoTa' hI hai, jisameM kisI prakAra ke vibhAga ke liye koI sthAna nahIM hai / vastutaH 'vyaktiyoM' kA paryavasAna bhI jAti meM hI hotA hai| jisa prakAra aneka dArzanika (mImAMsaka Adi) yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda se pUrI 'jAti' kA bodha hotA hai athavA padArtho meM rahane vAlI 'jAti' hI vAcya hai, yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki, 'jAti' 'vyakti' se pRthak nahIM hotI- 'vyakti' meM hI 'jAti' samAviSTa rahA karatI hai- isaliye, zabdoM se 'vyakti' kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra yaha bhI mAnanA cAhiye ki 'varNasphoTa' kI dRSTi se 'varNajAti', 'padasphoTa' kI dRSTi 'padajAti' tathA 'vAkyasphoTa' kI dRSTi se 'vAkyajAti' ko hI vAstavika 'sphoTa' mAnanA caahiye| bhartRhari Adi vaiyAkaraNa 'jAti' ko hI vAcaka tathA vAcya donoM mAnate haiN| zabda pahale 'vAcaka-jAti' ko pragaTa karatA hai phira usakA artha-jAti ke rUpa meM, adhyAropa kara liyA jAtA hai| dra0 svA jAtiH prathamaM zabdaiH srverevaabhidhiiyte| tato'rthajAtirUpeSu tadadhyAropakalpanA / / (vApa0 3.1.6) sabhI zabdoM ke dvArA pahale apanI (vizeSa) 'ghaTapadatva' Adi 'jAti' kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai| usake bAda artha rUpa ghaTatva Adi jAtiyoM meM usa 'zabdajAti' kA adhyAropa kara liyA jAtA hai| vastutaH bhartRhari Adi kevala 'jAti' ko hI satya aura brahma mAnate haiM tathA 'vyaktiyoM' ko asatya mAnate haiN| isa dRSTi se vAkyapadIya kI nimna kArikAyeM draSTavya hai : sarvazaktyAtmamUtatvam ekasyaiveti nirNayaH / bhAvAnAmAtmabhedasya kalpanA smaavthikaaH|| (vApa0 3.1.22) For Private and Personal Use Only

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112 bayAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sabhI (vividha) 'zaktiyoM' kI AtmA eka ('jAti') hI ho sakatI hai yaha nizcita hai / bhAvoM (pRthak pRthak zaktiyoM athavA 'vyaktiyoM' kI bhinnatA) ke kAraNa prAtmA ('jAti') ke svarUpa bheda kI kalpanA anarthaka (asatya) hai| satyAsatyau tu yau bhAvI pratibhAvaM vyavasthitau / satyaM yattatra sA jAtirasatyA vyaktayaH smRtAH // (vApa0 3.1.32) pratyeka padArtha meM jo satya tathA asatya bhAva vidyamAna haiM unameM jo satya aMza hai . vaha 'jAti' hai aura jo asatya aMza hai vaha 'vyakti' hai / isa prakAra ekamAtra 'jAti' ke hI satya hone ke kAraNa use hI vAstavika 'sphoTa' bhI mAnanA cAhiye / ata: Upara paramalaghumaMjUSA ke prArambha meM jo pATha prakAra ke 'sphoToM' kA ullekha huA hai (dra0 pR0 2-13) unameM 'vAkya-sphoTa,', athavA aura spaSTa zabdoM meM, 'vAkya-vyakti-sphoTa' ko vRttiyoM kA Azraya na mAna kara, 'vAkya-jAtisphoTa' ko hI 'abhidhA', 'lakSaNA', 'vyaMjanA' Adi vRttiyoM kA Azraya mAnanA caahiye| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra [' zrAkAMkSA' kA svarUpa ] www.kobatirth.org yAkAMkSAdi-vicAraH Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir graMtha zAbdabodha sahakArikAraNAni 'AkAMkSA' - 'yogyatA''prAsatti' - tAtparyAraNa / vAkyasamayagrAhikA 'AkAMkSA' / sA ca ekapadArthajJAne tadarthAnvayayogyArthasya yajjJAnaM tadviSayecchA - 'grasyAnvayyarthaH kaH ' - ityevaM rUpA puruSaniSThaiva / tathApi tasyAH svaviSaye'rthe prAropaH / zrayam grartho'rthAntaram grAkAMkSati' iti vyavahArAt / idameva 'prabhidhAnAparyavasAnam' ityucyate / pade tu nAropaH grarthabodhottarameva grAkAMkSodayAt / 'padaM sAkAMkSam' iti tu 'sAkAMkSArthabodhakam' ityarthakam / taduktaM "samartha 0" sUtre bhASye 'parasparavyapekSAM sAmarthyam eke / *kA punaH zabdayorvyapekSA ? na brUmaH zabdayoriti / kiM tarhi ? prarthayoH " ( mahA02.1.1, pR0 36 ) / IdRzajijJAsotthApakaM caikapadArthe'parapadArtha-vyatireka- prayuktasya granvayabodhAjanakatvasya jJAnam iti tadviSaye tAdRzAnvayabodhAjanakatve'pi 'AkAMkSA' iti vyavahAraH / 'zAbdabodha' ke sahakArI kAraNa haiM- 'prAkAMkSA', 'yogyatA', 'satti' tathA 'tAtparya ' / vAkya ke saGketa kA bodha karAne vAlI 'AkAMkSA' hai / vaha ( 'AkAMkSA' ) eka pada ke artha kA jJAna hone para usa padArtha ke anvayayogya (dusare) artha kA jo jJAna usa viSaya vAlI - 'isa (artha) kA anvayI artha kauna hai ?' isa prakAra kI - icchA (yadyapi ) puruSa (zrotA ) meM hI rahatI hai| to bhI usa ( icchA yA 'AkAMkSA' ) kA apane viSayabhUta artha meM ( ' samavAya' sambandha se) prAropa kara liyA jAtA hai kyoMki 'yaha artha dUsare artha kI AkAMkSA 1. ha0 - paryavasannam / 'abhidhAnAparyavasAnam' isa uddharaNa kI dRSTi se draSTavya tarkakaumudI 4 ; abhidhaan| paryavasAnam ( AkAMkSA ) / iyaM ca jJAtA satI zAbdabodhe zabdasya sahakAriNI / ataeva 'gaurazvaH puruSo hastI' ityAdI nAnvayabodhaH, AkAMkSAvirahAt (nyAyakoza ) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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114 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA rakhatA hai' yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| isa ('prAkAMkSA' ) ko hI 'abhidhAna (artha) parisamApti' kahA jAtA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'AkAMkSA' kA Aropa pada meM nahIM kiyA jAtA kyoMki ( pada ke ) arthajJAna ke uparAnta hI 'prAkAMkSA' kA udaya hotA hai / 'pada AkAMkSA yukta hai' isa kathana kA to artha yaha hai ki ' ( vaha pada ) sAkAMkSa artha kA bodhaka hai' / isa ( bAta) ko "samarthaH padavidhiH " sUtra ke bhASya meM (isa rUpa meM) kahA gayA hai"kucha vidvAn pArasparika 'AkAMkSA' ko 'sAmarthya' mAnate haiM / do zabdoM meM pArasparika 'AkAMkSA' kyA ho sakatI hai ? hama yaha nahIM kahate ki do zabdoM meM ('grAkAMkSA' rahatI hai) / to phira ? do arthoM meM ('prAkAMkSA' rahatI hai ) " / isa prakAra kI jijJAsA ( 'AkAMkSA') kA hetu hai - eka pada ke artha meM, dUsare pada ke artha ke abhAva ke kAraNa, sambandha kA bodha utpanna na kara pAne kI sthiti kA jJAna / isaliye usa ( sambandhabodha kI prajanakatA rUpa) jJAna ke viSaya meM, usa taraha ke sambandhabodha kI janakatA ke na hone para bhI, 'AkAMkSA' yaha vyahAra kiyA jAtA hai / sahakArikAraNAni -- ' sahakArI kAraNa' ve hote haiM jo pramukha kAraNa se hone vAle kArya ke janaka hote hue bhI pramukha kAraNa se bhinna huA karate haiN| yahAM 'zAbdabodha' meM pramukha kAraNa hai pada kA jJAna / padArthajJAna yAdi ' sahakAri kAraNa' haiM / tulanA karo padajJAnaM tu karaNaM dvAraM tatra padArthadhIH / zAbdabodhaH phalaM tatra zaktidhIH sahakAriNI // ( nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, zabdakhaNDa, 81 ) tasyA: sva-viSaye'rthe zrAropaH - 'prAkAMkSA' eka prakAra kI icchA hai / isaliye vaha AtmA kA dharma hai tathA 'samavAya' sambandha se zrotA puruSa meM hI raha sakatI hai, phira bhI usa puruSaniSTha 'AkAMkSA' kA, zabda ke artha meM 'Aropa' kara liyA jAtA hai kyoMki pada kA artha 'AkAMkSA' kA viSaya hotA hai - yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'AkAMkSA' padArthaviSayaka hotI hai / yaha 'Aropa' isa liye kiyA jAtA hai ki vyavahAra meM 'artha' ko bhI kabhI kabhI 'sAkAMkSa' kaha diyA jAtA hai / IdRza jijJAsA vyavahAraH - 'AkAMkSA' kI utpatti taba hotI hai jaba zrotA kisI eka pada ko suna kara usake artha ko to jAna letA hai, parantu usase sambaddha hone vAle dUsare padArtha ke bodhaka kisI zabda ko vaha nahIM suntaa| aisI sthiti meM use yaha bodhaka nahIM hai / isa prakAra zrotA jJAna hotA hai ki yaha ta zabda nirAkAMkSa artha kA ko jo yaha jJAna hotA hai ki yaha zabda nirAkAMkSa artha kA bodhaka nahIM hai usa jJAna kA viSaya vaha zruta zabda hotA hai / isaliye usa zabda yA pada ko hI sAkAMkSa kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi vaha zabda anvaya-bodha kA janaka nahIM hotA / jaise- 'gAM naya' isa vAkya meM yadi kevala 'gAm' isa eka pada kA hI uccAraNa kiyA jAya to usase go vyakti kA bodha ho jAne para bhI, 'naya' pada ke anuccarita rahane se usa pada ke arthajJAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkAMkSAdi-vicAra 115 ke abhAva meM jo yaha jJAna hotA hai ki 'go' pada anvaya-bodha kA janaka nahIM hai yaha jJAna hI 'AkAMkSA' ko utpanna karatA hai| 'AkAMkSA' ke hetubhUta isa jJAna kA viSaya hai 'go' pada kA artha, arthAt go vyakti / yahAM yadyapi 'go' pada ke artha meM nirAkAMkSa arthabodha ko utpanna karane kI zakti nahIM hai phira bhI usake liye 'AkAMkSA 'kA vyavahAra hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra vAkya ke jisa pada ke binA jisa pada kA anvaya nahIM banatA usa pada ke sAtha usa pada kI 'pAkAMkSA' rahatI hai| dra0 ---"yat padam Rte yat padAnvaya-bodho na bhavati tatpade tatpadavattA (AkAMkSA)" / athavA-"padasya padAntaraprayuktAnvayAnanubhAvakatvam AkAMkSA" (nyaaykosh)| vedAnta paribhASA (Agamapariccheda) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki padoM ke arthoM meM isa prakAra kI yogyatA, ki ve pArasparika jijJAsA ke viSaya bana sake, hI 'AkAMkSA' hai / kriyA ko sunane para kAraka tathA kAraka ko sunane para kriyA meM isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA viSaya banane kI yogyatA hotI hai / dra0 -'padArthAnAM paraspara-jijJAsA-viSayatvayogyatvam maakaaNkssaa'| [eka dUsare prakAra se 'akAMkSA' kA vivecana] yad vA 'utthApakatA'-'viSayatA'-anyata rasambandhena, ubhayasambandhena vA arthAntarajijJAsA 'yaakaaNkssaa'| pAdyam'pazya mRgo dhAvati' ityatra darzanArthasya kArakadhAvanAkAMkSotthApakatvaM dhAvanaM tu tad viSaya eva / antyaM tu''pacati taNDulaM devadattaH' ityAdau kriyAkorakayo yorapi parasparaM tadutthApakatvAt tadviSayatvAcca / ata eva 'ghaTa: karmatvam AnayanaM kRtiH' ityato 'ghaTam prAnaya' itivat nAnvayabodha: / 'yAkAMkSA'-virahAt / 'ghaTam pAnaya' iti vibhakta yantAkhyAtAntayoreva' sAkAMkSatvAcca / athavA 'utthApakatA' yA 'viSayatA' inameM se kisI eka sambandha se yA ina donoM sambandhoM se dUsare artha ko jAnane kI icchA 'AkAMkSA' hai| prathama (prakAra)... 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' (dekho hiraNa daur3atA hai) yahA~ hai| 'darzana' rUpa 1. ha. tathA vaMmi0 meM 'tu' nahIM hai / tulanA karovaiyAkAraNamate vibhakti-dhAtu-AkhyAta-kriyA-kAraka-padAnAM parasparaM vinA parasparasya na svArthAnvayAnubhAvakatvam (nyaaykosh)| For Private and Personal Use Only

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116 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA artha meM, (karma) kAraka - 'daur3anA' kI, 'grAkAMkSA' kI 'utthApakatA' hai| 'daur3anA' to usa 'AkAMkSA' kA viSaya hI hai / antima ( dUsarA prakAra ) to - 'pacati taNDulaM devadattaH' (devadatta cAvala pakAtA hai ) ityAdi meM hai / kriyA ( pakAnA) tathA kAraka ( karttA - devadatta aura karma cAvala) donoM meM pArasparika 'AkAMkSA' kI 'utthApakatA' bhI hai tathA 'viSayatA' bhI / isIliye ('AkAMkSA' ke 'zAbdabodha' meM kAraNa hone se ) 'ghaTaH karmatvam' (ghar3A, karma kArakatA) tathA 'pranayanaM kRtiH' (lAnA kArya) ina se, 'ghaTam zranaya' ke samAna, 'zAbdabodha' nahIM hotaa| kyoMki yahA~ (zabdoM meM ) pArasparika 'AkAMkSA' kA prabhAva hai / tathA 'ghaTam zrAnaya' yahAM vibhakta yanta ('ghaTam ' ) tathA prAkhyAtAnta ( ' pranaya') pada hI sAkAMkSa haiN| paraspara sAkAMkSa hone ke kAraNa (yahA~ arthabodha hotA hai) / yad vA viSayatvAcca - Upara 'AkAMkSA' kI jo paribhASA dI gayI usameM 'AkAMkSA' ko puruSa -niSTha mAnate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'samavAya' sambandha se 'AkAMkSA' kA padArtha (zabdArtha) meM Aropa kara jAtA hai / parantu Aropa ke binA bhI 'AkAMkSA' ko padArtha -niSTha siddha karane ke liye, 'AkAMkSA' kI eka anya paribhASA prastuta karate hue, nAgeza ne yahA~ 'utthApakatA' tathA 'viSayatA' ina do sambandhoM kI carcA kI hai| alaga alaga tathA mizrita rUpa se ina donoM sambandhoM ke AdhAra para artha meM 'AkAMkSA' kI sthiti mAnI jA sakatI hai / kyoMki kahIM artha 'AkAMkSA' kA utthApaka huA karatA hai, to kahIM vaha 'AkAMkSA' kA viSaya rahA karatA hai aura kahIM kahIM pada ke artha meM donoM hI sambandha pAye jAte haiM - vaha 'AkAMkSA' kA utthApaka bhI hotA hai tathA viSaya bhI / isaliye bhale hI 'samavAya' 'sambandha se 'prAkAMkSA' puruSa meM hI rahatI ho, parantu ina donoM prakAra ke saMbandhoM ke AdhAra para 'AkAMkSA' ko artha meM bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / yahAM jo prathama udAharaNa diyA gayA vahA~ kevala 'utthApakatA' sambandha se artha ko sAkAMkSa mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt 'pazya mRgo ghAvati' isa vAkya meM jaba kevala 'pazya' kahA jAyagA to usakA, 'dekho' yaha darzana rUpa, artha apane 'karma', (karma kAraka ), 'dhAvana' rUpa artha, kI 'AkAMkSA' ko utpanna kregaa| kyoMki 'pazya' yaha kriyApada hai tathA kriyApada ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki usakA koI na koI 'karma' tathA 'kartA' Adi kAraka hoM / ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki kevala 'pazya' pada sunane ke uparAnta yaha 'AkAMkSA' hogI ki 'kyA dekho' ? isaliye 'pazya' pada meM kevala 'AkAMkSA' kI 'utthApakatA' hai / usameM 'viSayatA' nahIM hai kyoMki 'AkAMkSA' kA viSaya 'pazya' nahIM ho sakatA / sAtha hI 'mRgo dhAvati' isa aMza meM kevala 'AkAMkSA' kI 'viSayatA' hI hai usakI 'utthApakatA' nahIM hai / kyoMki 'pazya' pada ke anuccarita hone para bhI kevala 'mRgo ghAvati' isa aMza ko munane ke uparAnta zrotA meM kisI prakAra kI 'AkAMkSA' nahIM utpanna hotI / parantu 'pazya' pada ko sunane se jo 'AkAMkSA' utpanna hotI hai usakA viSaya 'mRgo ghAvati' zraMza avazya hai / dvitIya udAharaNa - ' pacati taNDulaM devadattaH' (devadatta cAvala pakAtA hai) meM 'pakAnA' kriyA tathA 'kartA' kAraka ( devadatta) aura 'karma' kAraka ( cAvala ) donoM eka dUsare kI jijJAsA For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkAkSAMdi-vicAra 117 athavA 'yAkAMkSA' ke utthApaka bhI haiM tathA viSaya bhI haiN| kyoMki yadi 'pacati' nahIM kahA gayA to 'taNDulaM devadattaH' aMza sAkAMkSa rahegA tathA yadi 'taNDulaM devadattaH' nahIM kahA gayA to 'pacati' pada sAkAMkSa rhegaa| isI prakAra 'pacati' ke viSaya haiM 'taNDula' tathA 'devadatta' aura 'taNDula' tathA 'devadatta' kA viSaya hai 'pacati' kyoMki kriyA binA 'kAraka' ke tathA 'kAraka' binA kriyA ke nahIM raha sktaa| __prata eva sAkAMkSatvAcca-yahAM 'AkAMkSA' kI dUsarI paribhASA kyoM prastuta kI gayI isa prazna kA uttara ina paMktiyoM meM diyA gayA hai / isa dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra 'utthApakatA' athavA 'viSayatA' inameM se kisI eka sambandha se athavA donoM sambandhoM se padArtha meM rahane vAlI, anya padArtha-viSayaka, jijJAsA ko hI 'AkAMkSA' mAnA gayA tathA isa prakAra kI 'AkAMkSA' ko hI 'zAbdabodha' meM kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| isaliye isa paribhASA ke kAraNa hI 'ghaTa:karmatvam AnayanaM kRtiH' isa vAkya se, 'ghaTam Anaya' isa vAkya ke samAna, 'anvayabodha' athavA arthajJAna nahIM hotaa| kyoMki 'ghaTaH karmatvam prAnayanaM kRtiH' isa prayoga meM isa prakAra kI 'AkAMkSA' nahIM hai jisakA svarUpanirdeza dUsarI paribhASA meM kiyA gyaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'karmatvam' pada se upasthApita artha ('karmatva') ke jJAna meM, 'karmatva' rUpa artha meM anvita hone ke yogya jo 'pAnayana' rUpa artha kA jJAna usa jJAna-viSayaka icchA rUpa, 'AkAMkSA' to hai, parantu, 'utthApakatA' yA 'viSayatA' ke sambandha se athavA donoM sambandhoM se, eka zabdArtha meM vidyamAna dUsare zabdArtha se sambaddha jijJAsA rUpa 'yAkAMkSA' yahA~ 'karmatva' rUpa zabdArtha meM nahIM hai| kyoMki 'karmatva' na to 'pAnayana' --jJAna kA utthApaka hI hai aura na usakA viSaya hI hai| isa prakAra kI 'AkAMkSA' subanta' tathA 'tiGanta' padoM meM hI rahA karatI hai| isaliye 'ghaTam prAnaya' isa prayoga se, isameM 'yAkAMkSA' kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa, 'zAbdabodha' hotA hai| parantu 'dhaTa: karmatvam prAnayanaM kRtiH' isa prayoga se, isameM dUsare prakAra kI 'AkAMkSA' ke na hone ke kAraNa, 'zAbdabodha' nahIM hotA / isaliye 'yAkAMkSA' kI yaha dUsarI paribhASA adhika pariSkRta evaM Avazyaka hai| ['yogyatA' kA svarUpa] 'yogyatA' ca parasparAnvayaprayojakadharmavatvam / tena 'payasA siJcati' iti vAkyam' yogyam / asti ca sekAnvayaprayojakadravadravyatvaM yogyatA jle| karaNatvena jalAnvayaprayojakArdIkaraNatvaM yogyatA sekakriyAyAm / ataeva 'vahninA siJcati' iti vAkyam ayogyam / vahna: sekAnvayaprayojakadravadravyatvAbhAvAt / (vAkya ke zabdoM meM artha kI dRSTi se) pArasparika anvaya (sanbandha) ke prayojaka (janaka) dharma se yukta honA 'yogyatA' hai| isaliye 'payasA siJcati' 1. kAprazu0 meM 'vAkyam' pada nahIM hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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118 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA ( jala se sIMcatA hai) yaha yogya (vAkya) hai / seka ( sIMcanA rUpa kriyA) meM anvaya kA janaka (dharma) - vastu kA drava ( pravAhAtmaka) honA rUpa yogyatA - -jala meM hai tathA 'karaNa' rUpa se jala meM anvaya ( sambandha ) kA utpAdaka dharma - ( zuSka ko gIlA kara denA) - rUpa yogyatA - seka ( siMcana kriyA) meM hai / isIlie (yogyatA ke isa svarUpa ko mAnane ke kAraNa hI ) 'vahninA sicati' (Aga se sIMcatA hai) yaha (vAkya) ayogya hai, kyoMki sicana meM anvaya kA utpAdaka dharma ( vastu kA pravAha rUpa vAlA honA) agni meM nahIM hai / yahA~ vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se 'yogyatA' kI paribhASA prastuta kI gayI hai " parasparAnvaya-prayojaka-dharmavattvaM yogyatA" / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki padoM ke arthoM kA pArasparika anvaya usakA hetubhUta jo dharma usa dharma se yukta honA 'yogyatA' hai| jaise- 'payasA siMcati' isa vAkya meM 'yogyatA' hai, kyoMki 'siMcana' rUpa kriyA meM 'payasA ' zabda ke artha (jala) ke anvaya kA hetubhUta dharma, arthAt gIlApana athavA pravAhAtmaka honA rUpa yogyatA, jala meM hai| tathA isI prakAra 'karaNa' bhUta jala meM 'siMcana' ke anvaya kA hetubhUta dharma, arthAt sUkhe ko gIlA kara denA rUpa yogyatA, 'siMcana' kriyA meM hai / isaliye 'payasA siMcati' yaha vAkya 'yogyatA' se yukta hai / isa 'parasparAnvaya prayojaka-dharmavattA' ke na hone ke kAraNa 'vahninA siMcati' isa vAkya meM 'yogyatA' nahIM mAnI jAtI / kyoMki 'Aga' meM gIlApana athavA pravAhAtmakatA rUpa dharma nahIM hai jisase 'vahina' kA siMcana meM anvaya ho sake / tathA isI prakAra 'siMcana' meM jalAnA yA sukhAnA rUpa dharma nahIM hai jisa se usakA 'vahni' ke sAtha anvaya ho sake / dra0 - "kAryavizeSajanane sAmarthyam (yogyatA ) / tacca eka padArthe apara-padArtha-prakRta-saMsargavattvam" ( nyAyamaMjarI 4 se nyAyakoza meM uddhata ) tathA "iyaM yogyatA ca jJAtA satI zAbda- bodhaprayojikA zabdayogyatA iti vyavahite / iyaM yogyatA'yogya vAkya nirasikA ca bhavati / ata eva 'vahninA siMcati' ityAdi-vAkyAn nAnvayabodhaH pramAtmako bhavati / yogyatAvirahAt " ( tarkakaumudI se nyAyakoza meM uddhRta) / [ 'yogyatA' ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA vaktavya tathA usakA khaNDana ] 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir etAdRzasthaleSu nAnvayabodhaH kintu pratyekaM padArthabodha - mAtram iti 'naiyAyikAH / tanna | bauddhArthasyaiva sarvatra bodhaviSayatvena bAdhasyAbhAvAt / hariH grapyAha - atyanta satyapi hyarthe jJAnaM zabdaH karoti ca' iti / khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya (caukhambA saMskaraNa 1914, pR0 168) meM mImAMsAzlokavArtika ( codanAsUtra 6 ) ke nAma se nimna kArikA uddhata hai : atyantAsatyapi hyarthe jJAnaM zabdaH karoti hi / abAdhAt tu pramAm atra svataH prAmANya nizcalAm // parantu mImAMsAzloka vArtika ( zeSakRSNa rAmanAtha zAstrI sampAdina, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya, 1940, pR0 33) meM nimna kArikA milatI hai : tyAsatyapi hyarthe jJAnaM zabdaH karoti hi / tenotsarge sthite tasya doSAbhAvAt pramANatA // bhI ho yaha kArikA, jise nAgeza ne yahAM uddhRta kiyA hai, bhatRhari kI nahIM hai / sambhavataH bhramavaza hI bhartRhari ke nAma se ise uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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yAkAMkSAdi-vicAra 116 ato vandhyAsutAdizabdAnAM prAtipadikatvam / 'vahninA siJcati' ityato bodhAbhAve tadvAkyaprayoktAraM prati 'padraveNa vahninA kathaM sekaM bravISi' ityupahAsAnApattazca / vAkyArthabodhe jAte buddhArthaviSaye pravRttistu na bhavati buddhArthe'prAmANyagrahAd ityanyatra vistaraH / aise (ayogyatA) ke sthaloM meM (zabdoM ke pArasparika) sambandha kA bodha nahIM hotA kintu kevala pratyeka padoM kA arthajJAna hI hotA hai-aisA naiyAyika mAnate haiN| yaha (naiyAyikoM kA vicAra) ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki bauddhika artha hI sarvatra (zabda dvArA) bodha kA viSaya banatA hai| isa kAraNa (usa buddhigata artha kI) bAdhA nahIM hotii| bhartRhari bhI kahate haiM - "vastu ke sarvathA na hone para bhI zabda (usa vastu ko bauddhika) jJAna karAtA hI hai|" isaliye (artha ko buddhigata mAnane se) 'vandhyAsuta' Adi zabdoM kI bhI (inakI bauddhika arthavattA ke kAraNa) 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hai| 'vahninA siJcati' isa vAkya se jJAna na hone para, isa vAkya ke bolane vAle ke prati, 'drava rahita Aga se tuma sIMcane kI bAta kaise kahate ho ?' isa prakAra kA upahAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| (isaliye 'yogyatA' ke na hone para bhI) vAkya ke artha kA jJAna ho jAne se (usa) jJAta artha meM pravRtti to isaliye nahIM hotI ki zrotA ko (usa jJAna kI) ayathArthatA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| yaha viSaya anyatra / (laghumaMjUSA) meM vistAra se variNata naiyAyika vidvAn 'yogyatA' se rahita, 'vahninA siMcati' ityAdi, vAkyoM ke dvArA sambaddha artha kA jJAna hotA hai-aisA nahIM mAnate / unakA kahanA hai ki ina vAkyoM meM alaga alaga padoM ke artha kA hI jJAna hotA hai-sambaddha vAkyArtha kA nahIM / ye vidvAn "padoM ke arthoM ke anvaya meM bAdhA kA na honA" 'yogyatA' kI paribhASA mAnate haiM / isa prasaMga meM naiyAyika vidvAnoM dvArA nirdhArita, 'yogyatA' kI, nimna paribhASAyeM draSTavya haiM:-- "bAdhaka-pramA-virahaH" (tattvacintAmaNi ---4), "arthAbAdhaH" (tarkasaMgraha-4) tathA "bAdha-nizcayAbhAvo yogyatA iti navyA pAhuH" (nIlakaNThI-4) vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn naiyAyikoM ke isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki vAkya se jisa artha kI pratIti hotI hai vaha sarvatra pahale bauddhika hI hotI hai| bAda meM bauddhika artha tathA bAhya artha ko abhinna mAna lene ke kAraNa buddhigata artha se bAhyArtha kI pratIti hotI hai| isaliye 'vahninA siMcati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM bhI bauddhika vAkyArtha kI pratIti meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isa kAraNa 'yogyatA' ko vaiyAkaraNa 'zAbdabodha' meM anivArya kAraNa nahIM maante| For Private and Personal Use Only

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12. vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA parantu 'yogyatA'-rahita 'vahninA siMcati' ityAdi vAkyoM se jisa artha kA jJAna hotA hai usameM pravRtti isaliye nahIM hotI ki zrotA ko yaha patA laga jAtA hai ki yaha jJAna aprAmANika hai, ayathArtha hai, kevala bauddhika hI hai : hariH prapyAha-nAgeza ne bhartRhari ke nAma se jisa "atyantAsatyapi0" kArikA ko uddha ta kiyA hai vaha vAkyapadIya meM nahIM miltii| parantu yaha avazya hai ki isa prakAra kA prAzaya bhartRhari kI kucha kArikAoM se prakaTa hotA hai| dra0-- atyantam atathAbhUte nimitte zrutyupAzrayAt / dRzyate'lAtacakrAdau vastvAkAra-nirUpaNA // vApa0 (1.130) nimitta (bAhya vastu) ke sarvathA asatya hone para bhI kevala zabda-prayoga ke dvArA 'alAta-cakra' Adi meM cakra Adi vastuoM ke AkAra kA jJAna hotA hai| isIliye 'khapuSpa', 'zazaviSANa' ityAdi zabdoM kI prAtipadika' saMjJA hotI hai| yadi ina zabdoM se koI jJAna hI na ho- jJAna bAdhita ho jAya-- taba to ye zabda yA prayoga artha-hIna ho jAyeMge tathA usa sthiti meM inakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hI nahIM hogii| 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke abhAva meM 'su'prAdi vibhaktiyAM nahIM AyeMgI aura isa rUpa meM ye 'apada' athavA asAdhu bana jAyeMge tathA inakA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakegA / parantu isa taraha 'yogyatA'-rahita zabdoM kA paryApta prayoga bhASA meM hotA hI hai / isaliye aise sthaloM meM 'anvaya-bodha' athavA jJAna kA prabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isake atirikta yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki 'vahninA siMcati' jaise 'yogyatA'rahita prayogoM meM 'anvaya-bodha' (bauddhika jJAna) hotA hI nahIM; to yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki sunane vAlA, isa vAkya kA prayoga karane vAle vyakti kI, isa rUpa meM haMsI kyoM ur3AtA hai ki 'bhAI jalAne vAlI mAga se tuma sIMcane kI bAta kyoM kahate ho ?' isa upahAsa kI saMgati to tabhI laga sakatI hai yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki isa vAkya se 'anvaya-bodha' hotA hai| __yahA~ naiyAyika yaha kaha sakate haiM ki 'yogyatA'- - rahita vAkyoM yA prayogoM se anvayabodha hotA hai yaha svIkAra kara lene para eka dUsarA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki isa prakAra ke vAkyoM ko sunane ke uparAnta jJAta viSaya meM zrotA kI pravRtti kyoM nahIM hotI ? isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA ki aise vAkyoM se zrotA ko jJAna to hotA hai parantu sAtha hI use yaha bhI patA laga jAtA hai ki yaha jJAna aprAmANika hai / vAstavikatA bhI yahI hai ki isa taraha ke vAkyoM se hone vAlA jJAna kevala bauddhika hI hotA hai-bAhyArtha se vaha zUnya hotA hai| isIlise aise jJAna ko yogadarzana meM 'vikalpa' jJAna kahA gayA hai| dra0-- "zabdajJAnAnupAtI vastuzUnyo vikalpaH" (yogadarzana 1.6) / naiyAyikoM ke anusAra yadi isa jJAna ko, bAdhita ho jAne ke kAraNa, jJAna hI na mAnA gayA taba to yogadarzana kA 'vikalpa'-viSayaka yaha mantavya bhI asaMgata ho jaaygaa| isaliye 'yogyatA' kI paribhASA naiyAyikAbhimata "bAdhA'bhAva" ityAdi na hokara vaiyAkaraNAbhimata-"parasparAnvaya-prayojaka-dharmavattvam" hI ucita hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkAMkSAdi - vicAra [ 'zrAsatti' kA svarUpa tathA usako 'sahakAri-kAraNatA' ke viSaya meM vicAra ] prakRtAnvayabodhAnanukUla padAvyavadhAnam 'asattiH' / 'giriH agnimAn' ityAsannam / zranAsannaM ca- - 'girirbhuktam agnimAn devadattena' iti / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 31 'grAsattiH' api mandabuddheravilambena zAbdabodhe kAraNam / gramandabuddha estu zrAsattyabhAve'pi padArthopasthitau zrAkAMkSAdito'vilambenaiva bodho bhavati iti na bodhe tasyAH kAraNatvam / dhvanitaM cedaM "na padAnta0 ( pA0 1.1.57) sUtre bhASye / 'sthAsyAm zrodanaM pacati' ityAdau 'sthAlyAm' 'ityasya' 'zrodana' padena vyavadhAne'pi prakRtAvayavodhAnukUlatvAd grAsannatvAkSatiH / 3 ( vAkya meM ) prAsaGgika anvaya- jJAna ke pratikUla padoM kA vyavadhAna na honA 'Amatti' hai| 'giriH agnimAn ' ( parvata agni vAlA hai) yaha vAkya 'prasatti' se yukta hai / 'giri: bhuktam gragnimAn devadattena' (pahAr3a khAyA, agni-yukta, devadatta ne yaha vAkya 'prasatti' se rahita hai / 1. 2. 3. 121 'satti' bhI alpa buddhi vAloM ko zIghra ' zAbdabodha' karAne meM kAraNa hai / tIvra buddhi vAloM ko 'grAsatti' ke prabhAva meM bhI padArtha ke upasthita hone se, 'akAMkSA' Adi ke AdhAra para zIghra hI ' zAbdabodha' ho jAtA hai / isa liye " yaha "na padAnta 0' ' zAbdabodha' meM 'prAsatti' kAraNa nahIM hai| isa sUtra ke bhASya meM saMketita hai / 'sthAyAm zrodanaM pacati' (patIlI meM bhAta pakAtA hai) ityAdi ( vAkyoM) meM, 'sthAlyAm' kA 'pradanam' isa pada se vyavadhAna hone para bhI, prAkaraNika anvaya-jJAna ke anukUla hone ke kAraNa, ('prodanam ' pada se ) 'satti' kA nAza nahIM hotA / 'Asatti' kI jo paribhASA yahAM kI gayI usakA abhiprAya hai-- uccarita padoM kA prasaMgAnukUla jo anvaya-bodha usake viparIta artha vAle pada yA padoM kA bIca meM na A jAnA yA dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra ke viparItArthaka yA ananukUlArthaka pada athavA padoM kA prabhAva / tarkabhASA meM eka hI vyakti ke dvArA abhISTa artha kA bodha karAne vAle padoM ke avilamba uccAraNa ko 'grAsatti' kahA gayA hai / dra0 --- " ekenaiva puMsA padAnAm avilambenoccAritatvam (prAsattiH ) " tarkabhASA - 4 / nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI meM bhI 'Asatti' kA yahI abhiprAya mAnA gayA hai - "sannidhAnaM padasya prAsattir ucyate " ( zabdapariccheda) / hR0 - ' tIkSNabuddha:' / nisa0, kAprazu0 - satyaSi nisa0, kAprazu0 meM isake pazcAt 'ityAsatti nirUpaNam' adhika hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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122 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isI prakAra tarkakaumudI meM bhI 'Asatti' tathA 'sannidhi' ko eka mAnate hue yaha kahA gayA ki yadi vAkya ke eka eka zabda ko eka eka ghaNTe ke madhyAvakAza ke bAda uccArita kiyA jAya to zrotA ko usa vAkya se abhISTa artha kA jJAna nahIM ho pAtA kyoMki vahAM 'Asatti' athavA 'sannidhi' nahIM hai / dra0- "etasya jJAnaM ca zAbdabodhajanakam iti vijJeyam / ataeva ekaikazaH prahare prahare prasahoccArita 'gAma Anaya' ityAdI nAnvayabodhaH / sannidherabhAvAt" (tarkakaumudI - 4) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrAsattirapi sUtre bhASye - 'prAsatti' kI jo paribhASA nAgeza ne kI hai use dekhate hue 'prasatti' ko bhI 'zAbdabodha' meM anivArya kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki anya zabdoM kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI buddhimAnoM ko 'zAbdabodha' ho hI jAtA hai / alpa buddhi vAloM ko bhI 'prasatti' - rahita vAkyoM se artha kA jJAna to ho jAtA hai para usameM thor3I dera avazya laga jAtI hai / isIliye yahAM yaha kahA gayA ki manda buddhi vAloM kI dRSTi se zIghra zAbdabodha' meM kAraNa hai / yahA~ nAgeza ne "na padAnta0 " ( pA0 1.1.57) sUtra ke bhASya ke jisa sthala kI ora saMketa kiyA hai vahA~ pataMjali ne spaSTa kahA hai "anAnupUrvyeNApi sanniviSTAnAM yatheSTam abhisambandho bhavati" arthAn granupUrvI yA viziSTa krama se na rakhe hue zabdoM meM bhI yathAbhilaSita sambandha ho jAtA hai / apane isa kathana ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pataMjali ne vahAM yaha nimna vAkya prastuta kiyA hai : - "anaDvAham udahAri yA tvaM harasi zirasA kumbha bhagini sAcInam abhidhAvantam adrAkSIH ", tathA isa krama rahita padoM vAle vAkya kA abhISTa sambandha bhI svayaM pataMjali ne hI isa prakAra kiyA hai "udahAri bhagini ? yA tvaM kumbhaM harasi zirasA anaDvAhaM sAcInamAbhidhAvantam adrAkSIH " (he jala Dhone vAlI bahana ? jo tuma ghar3e ko sira para rakha kara le jA rahI ho, tirache dor3ate hue baila ko dekhA hai kyA ? ) / isa taraha 'Asatti' ke na hone para bhI prathabodha hotA hI hai / ataH 'prasatti' ko 'zAbdabodha' meM anivArya kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / dra0 - " bhASyAt tu prAsattyabhAve'pi padArthopasthitI akAMkSAvazAd vyutpattyanusAreNa pranvayabodha iti labhyate " ( mahA0, udyota TIkA, 1.1.57 ) / mahAbhASya ke uparyuddhata sthala tathA usakI TIkA se yaha spaSTa hai vAkya ke padoM kA eka viziSTa krama meM honA bhI 'Asatti' kI paribhASA ke antargata hI mAnA jAtA hai / sthAlyAm zrakSatiH - upara 'Asatti' kI paribhASA meM 'ananukUla' pada kyoM rakhA gayA, isa bAta ko yahA~ 'sthAlyAm prodanaM pacati' isa udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'sthAlI' tathA 'pacati' ke madhya meM jo 'odanam' zabda kA vyavadhAna hai vaha ananukUla (pratikUla ) na hokara anukUla hI hai / isaliye usakA vyavadhAna hone para bhI 'Asatti' banI hI rahatI hai kyoMki 'Asatti' kI dRSTi se usI pada kA vyavadhAna avAMchanIya hai jo pranvayabodha yA abhISTa artha ke pratikUla artha kA bodhaka ho / ['tAtparya' kA svarUpa vivecana tathA 'zAbdabodha' meM usakI hetutA ] 'etadvAkyaM padaM vA etad arthabodhAyoccAraNIyam' iti IzvarecchA 'tAtparyam' / ata eva sati 'tAtparye' "sarve For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkAMkSAvi-vicAra 123 sarvArthavAcakAH" iti zAbdikanaye "ghaTa zabdAt paTapratyayo na' ityAdyuktam / nAnArthasthale loke 'tAtparyam' tu, 'etat padaM vAkyaM vA etadartha-pratyayAya mayA uccAryate' iti, prayoktur icchArUpam / 'tAtparya'-niyAmakaM ca loke prakaraNAdikam eva / ato bhojana-prakaraNe 'saindhavam aAnaya' ityukte 'saindhava'-padena lavaNa-pratyayaH, yuddhAvasare'zvapratyayaH / vedavAkye ca' aizvara'tAtparyAd arthabodhaH / nanu prakaraNAdonAM zakti-niyAmakatve zakta yaiva nirvAhe kintAtparyeNa iti cen na / "asmAt zabdAd arthadvayavizeSyako bodho jAyate, arthadvaye zaktisattvAt / 'tAtparyam'tu kveti na jAnImaH' ityAdyanubhava-virodhAt / ata eva ca 'paya grAnaya' ityukte'prakaraNajJasya 'dugdhaM jalaM vA''neyam ?' iti prazna: saGa gacchate / ityAkAMkSAdi-vicAraH 'isa vAkya athavA pada kA isa artha ke jJApana ke liye uccAraNa kiyA jAnA cAhiye' isa prakAra kI IzvarecchA 'tAtparya' hai / isIliye, ('zAbdabodha' meM) 'tAtparya' ke ('sahakArI' kAraNa) hone se "sabhI zabda sabhI artho ke vAcaka haiM" isa, vaiyAkaraNoM ke, siddhAnta meM "ghaTa' zabda se 'paTa artha' kA jJAna nahIM hotA" ityAdi kahA gayA / loka meM, aneka artha vAle zabda meM, 'tAtparya', 'yaha pada yA vAkya isa artha ke jJApana ke liye mere dvArA uccArita kiyA jAtA hai' isa taraha kA, vaktA kA icchArUpa hai / loka meM 'tAtparya' kA niyamana karane vAle 'prakaraNa' Adi hI haiN| isaliye bhojana ke avasara para 'saindhavam prAnaya' yaha kahane para 'saindhava' zabda se namaka kA jJAna tathA yuddha ke avasara para ghor3e kA jJAna hotA hai / veda ke vAkyoM meM 'aizvara tAtparya' se artha kA bodha hotA hai / ___ 'prakaraNa' Adi ke 'zakti'-niyAmaka hone se 'zakti' se hI ('zAbdabodha' kA) nirvAha ho jAne para 'tAtparya' ko sahakArI kAraNa mAnane kA kyA prayojana hai ? yaha (prazna) ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA mAnane se, "do arthoM meM 'zakti' 1. h.-lok--| 2. ha. tathA baMmi. meM 'ca' nahIM hai| ha-Izvara4. nisa0, kAprazu0 meM yaha aMza nahIM hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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124 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA hone ke kAraNa isa zabda se dvividha artha kI pratIti hotI hai, parantu isakA tAtparya' kisa (artha) meM haiM ?" isa prakAra ke anubhava se virodha upasthita hotA hai, aura isIliye 'paya prAnaya' yaha kahane para jo prakaraNa ko nahIM jAnatA usa (vyakti) kA 'dUdha lAUM yA jala ?' yaha prazna susaMgata hotA hai| IzvarecchA tAtparyam- yahA~ 'Izvara' pada ko vaktA mAtra kA upalakSaka mAnanA cAhiye / anyathA 'nadI', 'vRddhi', 'Ti', 'dhu' jaise pAribhASika zabdoM meM IzvarecchA rUpa 'tAtparya' ke na hone ke kAraNa 'zAbdabodha' nahIM honA cAhiye / kyoMki usa usa artha ke bodha kI icchA se kevala sUtrakAra ne hI ina zabdoM kA uccAraNa kiyA hai / dra0-"idam etasmin arthe asya anvayaM pratyAyayatu iti prayoktur icchA tAtparyam" (nyAyamaMjarI se nyAyakoza meM uddha t)| 'dhaTam prAnaya' yaha vAkya 'ghar3A lAyo' isa atha ke jJApana kI icchA se uccarita huyA hai, isa prakAra kA vaktA kA tAtparya hotA hai / jaba zrotA ko vaktA ke isa 'tAtparya' kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, arthAt jaba zrotA yaha jAna letA hai ki vaktA ne isa 'tAtparya' kI abhivyakti ke liye isa zabda yA vAkya kA prayoga kiyA hai, tabhI use usa zabda-prayoga se isa artha kA jJAna hotA hai| isIliye 'tAtparya' jJAna ko zAbda-bodha meM 'sahakArI' kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / nanu prakaraNAdInAM saMgacchate-yahAM isa prazna dvArA nAgeza ne yaha saMketita kiyA hai ki 'zAbdabodha' meM 'tAtparyajJAna' ko bhI anivArya rUpa se 'sahakArI' kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vaktA ke 'tAtparya' ko jAne binA bhI prAyaH zrotA ko artha kA jJAna hotA hI hai| tulanA karo- "anye tu nAnArthAdau kvacid eva tAtparyajJAnaM kAraNam / tathA ca zukavAkye vinaiva tAtparyajJAnaM zAbdabodhaH" (nyAyamuktAvalI-4.84) 'tAtparyajJAna kI upayogitA vaiyAkaraNa isa bAta meM avazya mAnatA hai ki anekArthaka vAkyoM meM tAtparya'-jJAna ke dvArA 'zAbdabodha' kI prAmANikatA kA nizcaya hotA hai| jaise jaba 'gehe saindhavam asti' kahA gayA to aprakaraNajJa zrotA ko namaka tathA azva donoM arthoM kA jJAna huA phira 'prakaraNa' Adi ke dvArA namaka meM hI vaktA kA tAtparya' hai yaha jJAna hone para usase namaka-viSayaka 'zAbdabodha' kI prAmANikatA kA nizcaya ho jaaygaa| vaiyAkaraNoM kI isa sthiti kA saMketa pataMjali ke nimna vAkya se milatA hai :-"aMga hi bhavAn grAmyaM pAMsula-pAdam aprakaraNajJam AgataM bravItu 'gopAlakam grAnaya': 'karaMjakama pAnaya' iti / ubhayagatisa tasya bhavati / sAdhIyo vA yahistaM gamiSyati" (mahA0 1.1.22) isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi gAMva se sIdhe prAye haye, dhUli se sane paira vAle tathA prakaraNa ko na jAnane vAle grAmINa se yaha kahA jAya ki gopAla ko bulA lAmo to use yA to donoM kA-jisakA nAma gopAla hai tathA jo gAyoM kA rakSaka (gvAlA) hai - bodha hogA / athavA vaha sIdhe usa vyakti ko bulAne calA jAyagA jisake hAtha meM lAThI hai tathA jo gAyoM kA rakSaka (gvAlA) hai| yahAM spaSTataH pataMjali ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki aprakaraNajJa vyakti ko bhI artha kA jJAna hotA hI hai-yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vaha anekArthaka sthaloM meM kabhI kabhI sandigdha rahatA hai| 'prakaraNa' tathA 'sAmarthya' ke dvArA vaktA ke 'tAtparya' kA nirNaya hotA hai aura usase 'zAbdabodha' kI yathArthatA athavA prAmANikatA kA nizcaya hotA hai| isaliye For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkAMkSAdi-vicAra 125 'zAbdabodha' meM svataMtra rUpa se 'tAtparya' ko bhI anivArya kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / tulanA karo - "tAtparya- garbhAkAMkSA-jJAna-kAraNatvAvazyakatayA AkAMkSA ghaTakatayaiva tAtparyajJAnaM hetu:, na tu svAtantryeNa, ityAhu: " ( tarka prakAza se nyAyakoza meM uddhata ) / yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki laghumaMjUSA ( pR0 525 ) ke isa prakaraNa meM nAgeza ne bhI 'tAtparya ' ko ' zAbdabodha' meM hetu mAnane kA spaSTa rUpa se khaNDana kiyA hai / dra0--" asmAdarthadvaya viSayako bodho jAyate, tAtparyaM tu kveti na jAnImaH' iti sarvajanAnubhavavirodhAt na tasya ( tAtparyasya ) hetutvam " / parantu yahA~ unhIM uktiyoM ke sAtha 'tAtparya' ko 'zAbdabodha' meM hetu mAnA gayA hai / yadi donoM ke praNetA nAgeza hI hai to isa prakAra ke spaSTa virodha kA kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNayaH [ dhAtuoM ke zrayaM ke viSaya meM vicAra ] graMtha sakala-zabda-mUla bhUtatvAd' dhAtvarthI nirUpyate / tatra 'phalAnukUlo yatna- sahito vyApAraH' dhAtvarthaH / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aba sabhI zabdoM kA mUla hone ke kAraNa, dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM 'phala' (kI utpatti) ke anukUla ( hone vAlA) yatna sahita vyApAra " dhAtu kA (sAmAnya) artha hai / sakala zabda-mUla-bhUtatvAt -- vaiyAkaraNoM tathA nairukta prAcAryoM meM eka aisA varga thA jo sabhI zabdoM ko prakhyAta yA dhAtu se utpanna mAnatA thaa| isa bAta kI spaSTa sUcanA niruktakAra yAska ke nimna zabdoM meM milatI hai - "nAmAnyAkhyAtajAni iti zAkaTAyano nairukta samayazca ( nirukta 1.12), arthAt sabhI 'nAma' athavA 'prAtipadika' zabda dhAtu se niSpanna haiM yaha siddhAnta vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM meM zAkaTAyana ko tathA prAyaH sabhI nairukta vidvAnoM ko abhimata thA / parantu zAkaTAyana se itara vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn tathA nairukta prAcAryoM meM gArgya isa siddhAnta ke virodhI the / dra0 - "na sarvANi ( nAmAni zrAkhyatajAni ) iti gAryo vaiyAkaraNAnAM caike" (nirukta 1.12 ) / pataMjali ke mahAbhASya ( 3.3.1 ) meM uddhata nimna kArikA se bhI isa siddhAnta viSayaka uparyukta sthiti kA saMketa milatA hai nAma ca dhAtujam zrAha nirukte vyAkararaNe zakaTasya ca tokam / ghAyaM pANini madhyama mArga ke anuyAyI haiM / isaliye unhoMne isa dRSTi se bhI, madhyama mArga kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| AcArya pANini ke vyAkaraNa -sampradAya meM 'prAtipAdikoM' ko kahIM 'vyutpanna' arthAt 'dhAtuja' athavA 'yaugika' mAnA jAtA hai to kahIM 'avyutpanna' arthAt rUDhi / isIliye " uNAdayo vyutpannAni prAtipadikAni" tathA "uNAdayo'vyutpannAni prAtipadikAni" ye donoM taraha kI paribhASAyeM pratiSThita ho skiiN| ( dra0 - paribhASenduzekhara, paribhASA saM0 22 ) / yahAM 'uNAdayaH' kA tAtparya hai uNAdi sUtroM se niSpanna hone vAle rUr3hi zabda / "uNAdayo vyutpannAni prAtipadikAni " isa paribhASA ke anusAra, athavA zrAcArya zAkaTAyana ke mata kI dRSTi se, sabhI zabdoM ko dhAtu se utpanna mAnate hue nAgeza ne yahAM 'dhAtuoM ko sabhI zabdoM kA mUla ' kahA hai / 1. ha0 - mUlabhUta | For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvayaM-nirNaya 127 vyApAro dhAtvarthaH- nAgeza kevala 'vyApAra' ko hI dhAtvartha mAnate haiM / bhaTTojI dIkSita tathA unake anuyAyI kauNDabhaTTa 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM ko dhAtvartha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / parantu nAgeza ne unakI isa mAnyatA kA Age khaNDana kiyA hai| vastutaH nAgeza 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM ko pRthaka pRthak dhAtu kA artha na mAnate hue 'phalAnukUla vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha mAnanA cAhate haiM / jaise-'pac' dhAtu kA artha hai--'pAka rUpa phala ke anukUla hone vAlA pacana vyaapaar'|| yahA~ 'vyApAra' ko eka aura vizeSaNa se vizeSita kiyA gayA hai| vaha vizeSaNa hai-'yatna-sahita:', arthAt phalAnukUla vyApAra bhI yadi yatna-sahita hogA tabhI use dhAtvartha mAnA jAyagA anyathA nahIM / yadi pakAne ke vyApAra meM pAcaka kA koI yatna nahIM hai to vahAM 'ayaM na pacati' yahI prayoga hogA, 'ayaM pacati' yaha prayoga nahIM hogaa| ['phala' kI paribhASA phalatvaM ca tad-dhAtvartha -janyatve sati kartR-pratyaya-samabhivyAhAre' tad-dhAtvartha niSTha-vizeSyatA-nirUpita-prakAratAvattvam / vibhAgajanya-saMyogAdirUpe patatyAdidhAtvarthe vibhAgasaMyogayoH phalatva-vAraNAya ubhayam / karma-pratyaya samabhivyAhAre tu phalasya vizeSyatA / 'phala' usa dhAtvartha se utpanna hone vAlA hotA huA, 'kartR' (vAcaka) pratyaya kI samIpatA meM, usa dhAtvartha meM vidyamAna vizeSyatA se nirUpita (jJApita) vizeSaNatA se yukta hotA hai| 'pat' Adi (dhAtuoM) ke 'vibhAgajanya saMyoga' rUpa dhAtvartha meM (vidyamAna) vibhAga tathA saMyoga meM 'phalatva' (kI ativyApti) ke nivAraNa ke liye (yahAM 'phala' kI paribhASA meM 'phala' ko) donoM (vizeSya tathA vizeSaNa) kahA gayA / 'karma' (vAcaka) pratyaya ko samIpatA meM 'phala' (vizeSaNa na hokara) vizeSya hotA hai| dhAtvartha-janyatve sati .. 'phala kI paribhASA meM pahalI bAta yaha kahI gayI ki 'phala' dhAtvartha-janya hotA hai-dhAtvartha jo 'vyApAra' usase utpanna hone vAlA hotA hai| 'phala' 'vyApAra'-janya to hogA hI kyoMki 'vyApAra' kI paribhASA meM 'vyApAra' ko, phalotpatti ke anukUla hone para hI 'vyApAra' mAnA gayA hai| yaha 'vyApAra'-janyatA kahIM kahIM Aropita hotI hai vAstavika nhiiN| jaise-'IzvarastiSThati' yA 'patye zete' ina prayogoM meM Thaharane yA sone Adi 'vyApAroM' se kisI 'phala' kI vAstavika janyatA nahIM hai| isa aMza meM 'phala' ko vizeSya mAnA gayA kyoMki dhAtvartha-rUpa 'vyApAra' se janya (utpanna hone vAlA) honA usakA vizeSaNa hai| 1. ha. meM yahAM krama parivartita ho gayA hai-kata pratyaya-samabhi-vyAhAre tad-dhAtvartha-janyasve sati / For Private and Personal Use Only

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128 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA taddhAtvarthaniSTha prakAratAvattvam 'phala' kI isa paribhASA meM dUsarI bAteM ye kahI gayIM ki phala 'vyApAra'-janya hone ke kAraNa vizeSya hote hue bhI, kartRvAcya meM vizeSaNa banatA hai tathA dhAtvartharUpa 'vyApAra' ko vizeSita karatA hai| jaise-pac' dhAtu kA 'phala' hai 'pAka' (cAvala Adi kA gala jAnA) / yaha 'pAka'-rUpa 'phala' eka to pakAnA kriyA yA 'vyApAra' rUpa dhAtvartha se utpanna hotA hai isaliye vizeSya hai / dUsare 'pacati' Adi kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM 'pAka' rUpa 'phala' kI utpAdikA kriyA yA 'pAkAnukUla vyApAra' isa artha kI pratIti hotI hai isa rUpa meM yahA~, dhAtvartha ('vyApAra') ko vizeSita karane ke kAraNa, vahIM 'phala' vizeSaNa bhI banatA hai| vibhAgajanya-saMyogAdirUpe... ubhayam -'vRkSAta patraM bhUmau patati' (per3a se pattA bhUmi para giratA hai) isa prayoga meM 'pat' dhAtu kA artha hai vibhAgajanya sNyog| pahale pattA vRkSa se alaga hotA hai, phira bhUmi para AtA hai-bhUmi se usakA saMyoga hotA hai / aba 'pat' dhAtu ke isa artha meM vibhAga tathA saMyoga ina donoM meM 'phalatva' kI ativyApti na ho jAya isaliye yahAM 'phala' ko vizeSya tathA vizeSaNa donoM kahA gyaa| yadi yahAM 'phala' kI paribhASA meM 'dhAtvartha-janya'- ('vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA) yaha aMza na kaha kara, arthAt 'phala' ko vizeSya na banAte hue, kevala itanA hI kahA jAya ki dhAtvartha rUpa 'vyApAra' ko vizeSita karane vAlA hI 'phala' hotA hai, arthAt 'phala' ko kevala vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA jAya, to Upara ke udAharaNa meM vibhAga meM 'phalatva' kI ativyApti hogI kyoMki vibhAga vizeSaNa bana kara 'pata' dhAtu ke artha-saMyoga-ko vizeSita karatA hai| vibhAga-janya saMyoga hI yahA~ 'vyApAra' hai / isaliye vibhAga, saMyogarUpa, 'vyApAra' kA vizeSaNa bana jAtA hai| parantu 'phala' ko 'dhAtvartha-janya' kaha dene para vibhAga meM phalatva kI ativyApti nahIM hogI kyoMki vibhAga dhAtvartha rUpa saMyoga se janya nahIM hai, apitu vaha sayoga kA janaka hai| isI prakAra yadi "dhAtvartha bhUta 'vyApAra' - ko vizeSita karane vAlA" yaha aMza na kaha kara kevala itanA hI kahA jAya ki 'phala' dhAtvartha-janya hotA hai, arthAt kevala use vizeSya ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA jAya, to yahA~ 'pat' ke dhAtvartha (saMyoga) meM 'phalatva' kI ativyApti hotI hai kyoMki saMyoga dhAtvartha (vibhAga 'vyApAra') se janya hai / parantu "dhAtvarthaniSTha-vizeSyatA-nirUpita-prakAratAvattvam", arthAt 'phala' 'vyApAra' kA vizeSaNa hai yaha kaha dene para saMyoga meM 'phalatva' kI ativyApti nahIM hotI kyoMki saMyoga dhAtvartha (vibhAga) ko vizeSita karane vAlA nahIM hai apitu vaha svayaM vizeSya hai tathA vibhAga usakA vizeSaNa hai| saMyoga vibhAga se janya hotA hai na ki vibhAga saMyoga se jny| isaliye ina donoM saMyoga tathA vibhAga meM 'phalatva' kI ativyApti ko rokane ke liye 'phala' kI paribhASA meM use vizeSya tathA vizeSaNa donoM hI kahA gyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAta-nirNaya 129 karma-pratyaya-samabhinyAhAre / vizeSyatA-kevala kartRvAcya kI dRSTi se yahAM 'phala ko dhAtvartha ('vyApAra') kA vizeSaNa kahA gayA hai| karmavAcya meM to, AkhyAta 'karma' ko kahatA hai 'kartA' ko nahIM kahatA isaliye, 'phala' vizeSaNa na hokara, vizeSya rahatA hai-pradhAna bana jAtA hai / vastutaH kartRvAcya meM 'vyApAra' vizeSya tathA 'phala' vizeSaNa banatA hai parantu karmavAcya meM 'phala' vizeSya tathA 'vyApAra' vizeSaNa banatA hai| ['vyApAra' pada kA spaSTIkaraNa tathA 'dhAtvarya' ko paribhASA meM pAye 'anukUla' zamba kA abhiprAya] vyApAratvaM ca-'dhAtvarthaphalajanakatve sati dhaatuvaacytvm'| 'anukUlatvam' saMsargaH / 'anukUlatvam' ca phala-niSTha janyatA-nirUpita-janakatvam / dhAtu ke artha ('phala') kA utpAdaka hote hue dhAtu kA vAcya artha 'vyApAra' hai| (dhAtvartha kI paribhASA meM) 'anukUlatA' hai ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra' kA) sambandha / aura (isa) 'anukUlatA' (kA abhiprAya hai) 'phala' meM rahane vAlI janyatA se nirUpita (dyotita) janakatA / vyApAratvaM ca....."dhAtuvAcyatvam -'vyApAra' kI paribhASA meM do bAteM kahI gyiiN| pahalI yaha ki 'vyApAra' dhAtvartha rUpa 'phala' kA utpAdaka hotA hai kyoMki phalAnUkUla prayAsa ko hI 'vyApAra' kahA jAtA hai tathA dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'vyApAra' svayaM bhI dhAtu kA artha hotA hai| vastutaH 'phala' bhI dhAtu kA artha hai tathA 'vyApAra' bhii| antara itanA hI hai ki 'vyApAra' 'phala' kA janaka hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'phala' 'vyApAra'-janya hai, arthAt 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA hai / yadi 'vyApAra' kI paribhASA meM kevala itanA hI kahA jAe ki "jo dhAtvartha rUpa 'phala' kA janaka hai vaha 'vyApAra' hai" to pahale jo 'vyApAra' ko dhAtvartha kaha Aye haiM-"vyApAro dhAtvarthaH''-usase virodha upasthita hotA hai| yadi kevala itanA hI kahA jAe ki "dhAtu kA artha 'vyApAra' hai" to 'phala' meM lakSaNa kI ativyApti hogI, arthAt 'phala' ko bhI 'vyApAra' mAnanA par3egA kyoMki 'phala' bhI dhAtvartha hai hii| anukUlatvaM....."janakatvam -Upara ghAtvartha kI paribhASA meM- "phalAnukUlo yatnasahito vyApAro dhAtvarthaH' meM jo 'anukUla' zabda hai usakA abhiprAya hai 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' kA pArasparika sambandha (saMsarga) / isa sambandha ko hI 'janya-janakatA'sambandha kahakara aura spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 'phala' janya hai tathA 'vyApAra' janaka hai / isalie 'janyatA' 'phala' meM rahatI hai aura usa 'phala-niSTha janyatA' se vyApAra' meM rahane vAlI janakatA kA hI jJAna hotA hai| ye donoM 'phala' tathA 'nyApAra' isa 'janya-janakatA'-rUpa sambandha se sambaddha haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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130 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [kartRvAcya tathA bhAvavAcya meM tiGantapada kriyA-pradhAna hotA hai tathA karmavAcya meM 'phala'-pradhAna] "bhAvapradhAnam aAkhyAtam sattvapradhAnAni nAmAni" (nirukta 1.1) iti nirukto'kta rvyApAra-mukhyavizeSyako bodhaH / tatra tiGvAcyaM-saGkhyA-viziSTa kArakaM kAlazca-vyApAra-vizeSaNam / "tiGanta (zabda) 'vyApAra'-pradhAna hote haiM tathA 'prAtipadika' ('nAma') zabda 'dravya'-pradhAna hote haiM' nirukta ke isa kathana ke anusAra dhAtu se isa prakAra kA 'zAbdabodha' hotA jisameM 'vyApAra' mukhya rUpa se vizeSya hotA hai| usa ('zAbdabodha') meM 'tiGa' ke artha-saGa khyA-viziSTa 'kAraka' tathA 'kAla' (ye donoM)'vyApAra' ke vizeSaraNa haiN| ___ bhAvapradhAna....."nAmAni- 'bhAvaH (kriyA) pradhAnaM yasmin tad bhAva-pradhAnam pAkhyAtam' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra 'pAkhyAta' yA tiGanta zabda meM 'bhAva' (kriyA athavA 'vyApAra') kI pradhAnatA hotI hai- pradhAna rUpa se 'vyApAra' kA hI jJAna hotA hai / yahA~ 'bhAva' zabda ko kriyA athavA 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' donoM kA vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye / 'bhAva' zabda meM 'bhU' dhAtu se 'kAraNa' kAraka meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya mAnane para 'bhAva' zabda se 'vyApAra' artha kA bodha hogA tathA 'karma' kAraka meM 'dhaJ' pratyaya mAnane para 'phala' kA bodha hogaa| isa prakAra 'pAkhyAta' (tiGanta) zabda meM kabhI 'vyApAra' kI tathA kabhI 'phala' kI pradhAnatA mAnI jAtI hai| isIliye kartRvAcya meM 'vyApAra' kI tathA karmavAcya meM 'phala' kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| isI prakAra 'sattva' arthAt dravya kI pradhAnatA jisameM rahatI hai use 'nAma' athavA 'prAtipadika' zabda kahA jAtA hai| kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali ne bhI mahAbhASya (1.3.1) meM 'pAkhyAta' ko kriyA-pradhAna mAnA hai tathA dhAtu kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM "kriyA-vAcano dhAtuH" isa vAkya ko prastuta kiyA hai| parantu tiGanta padoM kI kriyApradhAnatA kevala kartRvAcya tathA bhAvavAcya ke vAkyoM meM hI mAnI jAtI hai| karmavAcya ke tiGanta padoM meM to 'phala' kI pradhAnatA hI hotI hai, yaha Upara kaha Aye haiN| vyApAra-mukhya-vizeSyako bodha:-- 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' athavA phalAnukUla 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha mAnA gayA hai isaliye sAmAnyatayA do pradhAna athavA vizeSya hoNge| ina do vizeSyoM meM bhI 'vyApAra' mukhya vizeSya hai| isa kA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'phala' bhI kartavAcya ke prayogoM meM, 'vyApAra' ke prati vizeSaNa bana jAtA hai| dra0 - "phale pradhAnaM vyApArastiya'stu vizeSaNam" (vaibhUsA0 pR0 8) / 1. h.-yaaskokteH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha nirNaya 131 tiGa vAcyam "vizeSaraNam - tiG' ke artha 'kartA', 'karma', 'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAla' mAne gaye haiM / AdhAra tathA prAdheya sambandha se kartA 'vyApAra' kA vizeSaraNa banatA hai kyoMki 'vyApAra' 'kartA' meM hI rahatA hai / isI prakAra 'karma' 'phala' kA vizeSaraNa banatA hai kyoMki 'phala' 'karma' meM rahatA hai / 'saMkhyA' kartRvAcya meM 'kartA' kA tathA karmavAcya meM 'karma' kA vizeSaNa banatI hai| yahAM nAgeza ne yaha kahA hai ki 'AkhyAta' se jo 'zAbdabodha' hotA hai vaha sAmAnyatayA 'vyApAra' - pradhAna hotA hai tathA usa 'vyApAra' ke vizeSaNa hote haiM 'saGkhyA'- viziSTa 'kAraka' arthAt 'kartA' yA 'karma' / kartRvAcya meM 'kartA' 'vyApAra' kA vizeSaraNa hogA tathA karmavAcya meM 'karma' / ina 'kartA' aura 'karma' ke atirikta kAla bhI 'vyApAra' (kriyA) kA vizeSaNa banatA hai / bhartRhari ne 'kAla' ko kriyA kA vizeSaNa batAte hue kahA hai - "kriyAbhedAya kAlastu " ( vApa0 3.6.2 ) / yoM pRthak pRthak ye sabhI 'saGkhyA', 'kAraka' tathA kAla, ' tiG' - vibhakti ke artha mAne gaye haiM / ['phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM meM dhAtu kI pRthak pRthak 'zakti' mAnane vAloM kA khaNDana ] pare tu -- phalavyApArayordhAtoH pRthak zaktAvuddezya vidheyabhAvena granvayApattistayoH syAt / pRthag upasthitayostathA anvayasya autsargikatvAt / kiJcaikapade vyutpattidvaya- kalpane'tigauravam / tathAhi phala- vizeSaraNaka-vyApArabodhe kartR-pratyaya-samabhivyAhRta dhAtujanyopasthitiH kAraNam / vyApAra- vizeSaraNaka- phala- bodhe karma-pratyayasamabhivyAhRta-dhAtujanyopasthitiH kAraNam iti kAryakAraNa-bhAva-dvayakalpanam / dhAtorarthadvaye zaktidvayakalpanaM, dhAtorbodhajanakatva - sambandha - dvaya - kalpanaM cAtigauravam / tasmAt phalAvacchinne vyApAre vyApArAvacchinne phale ca dhAtUnAM zaktiH / kartRkarmArtha ka tattatpratyaya-samabhivyAhArazca tattadbodhe niyAmaka: -- ityAhuH / dUsare to yaha kahate haiM ki 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' meM dhAtu kI pRthak pRthak zakti mAnane para (donoM meM ) uddezya vidheyabhAva mAna kara ( donoM kA) anvaya karanA par3egA kyoMki pRthak pRthak pada se jJAta hue do artho meM vaisA hI anvaya svAbhAvika hai / aura eka pada meM do vyutpattiyoM (kAryakAraNa bhAvoM) kI kalpanA meM atyadhika gaurava hai / vaha ( do prakAra kA kAryakAraNabhAva) isa prakAra ki (1) - 'phala' hai vizeSaNa tathA 'vyApAra' hai vizeSya (pradhAna) jisameM aise 'zAbdabodha' (rUpa kArya) meM 'kartR ' - (vAcaka) pratyaya-sambaddha dhAtu se vyakta hone vAlA artha kAraNa hai tathA (2) - 'vyApAra' hai vizeSaraNa aura 'phala hai' vizeSya For Private and Personal Use Only

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132 vaiyAkaraNa-sidAnta-parapa-laghu-maMjUSA (pradhAna) jisameM aise 'zAbdabodha' (rUpa kArya) meM 'karma' (vAcaka) pratyaya-sambaddha dhAtu se vyakta hone vAlA artha kAraNa hai| isa taraha do kAryakAraNabhAva kI kalpanA, do arthoM ('vyApAra' tathA 'phala') kI dRSTi se dhAtu kI do prakAra kI 'zakti' kI kalpanA tathA dhAtu meM 'bodha-janakatva' =rUpa do sambandhoM kI kalpanA meM atyadhika gaurava hai| ___ isaliye ('anukUlatA' sambandha se) 'phala' se viziSTa 'vyApAra' tathA (janyatA sambandha se) vyApAra' se viziSTa 'phala' meM dhAtu kI 'zakti' hai aura 'kartA' aura 'karma' vAcaka una-una pratyayoM kI sambaddhatA usa-usa jJAna ('phala'viziSTa 'vyApAra' tathA 'vyApAra'-viziSTa 'phala' ke bodha) meM niyAmaka hai / ___ bhartRhari Adi prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa tathA unake anuyAyI bhaTTojI dIkSita Adi yaha mAnate haiM ki dhAtu ke 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ye do pRthak pRthak artha haiM / isIliye "phalavyApArayordhAtuH" (vabhUsA0 pR0 161 meM uddha ta) isa kArikA meM 'phalavyApArayoH' yaha dvivacanAnta prayoga kiyA gyaa| parantu isa mata ko mAnane meM nAgeza ne nimna ApattiyA~ dikhAI haiN| uddezya-vidheyabhAvena anvayApattiH - pahalI Apatti yaha hai ki 'phala' aura 'vyApAra' ko alaga alaga dhAtu kA artha mAnane para artha ke anusAra kabhI 'vyApAra' ko uddezya tathA 'phala' ko vidheya mAnanA hogA tathA kabhI 'phala' ko uddezya aura 'vyApAra' ko vidheya mAnanA hogA kyoMki do bhinna artha hone para isa prakAra ke uddezya-vidheyabhAva kI sthiti sarvathA svAbhAvika hai| jaise ---'nIlo ghaTaH' jaba kahA jAtA hai to kabhI 'nIlaH' uddezya hotA hai tathA 'ghaTa:' vidheya hotA hai aura kabhI isake viparIta sthita bhI hotI hai| ___ vyutpattidvaya-kalpane..."kAryakAraNabhAvadvayakalpanam-dUsarI prApatti yaha hai ki do prakAra kI vyutpattiyoM (kAryakAraNabhAvoM) kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai| 'vyApAra' kA jaba pradhAna rUpa se tathA phala kA gauraNa rUpa se bodha hotA hai taba usa bodha rUpa kArya ke prati, dhAtu ke sAtha sambaddha hone vAle, kartRvAcaka pratyayoM ko kAraNa mAnanA par3atA hai tathA jaba 'phala' kA pradhAna rUpa se tathA 'vyApAra' kA gauNa rUpa se bodha hotA hai taba usa bodha rUpa kArya ke prati, dhAtu ke sAtha sambaddha hone vAle, karmavAcaka pratyayoM ko kAraNa mAnanA par3atA hai| arthadvaye zaktidvayakalpanam-tIsarI Apatti yaha hai ki, dhAtuoM ke do bhinna bhinna artha 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' haiM isaliye unakI dRSTi se, dhAtuoM meM do prakAra kI bhinna bhinna vAcakatA 'zakti' kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai| bodha-janakatva-sambandha-dvaya-kalpanam -cauthI Apatti yaha hai ki dhAtuoM meM 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' kI dRSTi se do prakAra ke 'bodhajanakatA' sambandha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / yaha 'bodhajanakatA' sambandha tathA vAcakatA 'zakti' lagabhaga eka hI bAta hai / isaliye tIsarI Apatti kI bAta ko hI yahA~ punaH kahA gayA hai / 'bodhajanakatA' sambandha ke dvArA usI bAta ko punaH isalie kahA gayA ki kucha prAcIna vidvAn 'bodhajanakatA' ko hI For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 133 'zakti' mAnate the| nAgezabhaTTa 'vAcyavAcakabhAva' sambandha ko 'zakti' mAnate haiM isIlie, prAcInoM kI dRSTi se hI unhoMne yaha cauthI Apatti prastuta kI hai| tasmAtphalAvacchinne...."niyAmaka ityAhuH-isIlie dhAtu kI 'phala'-viziSTa'vyApAra' tathA 'vyApAra'-viziSTa 'phala' meM 'zakti' mAnanI cAhiye / 'phala'-viziSTa'vyApAra' kA abhiprAya hai phalAnukUla athavA phalotpAdaka 'vyApAra' tathA 'vyApAra'viziSTa-'phala' kA abhiprAya hai ki 'vyApAra'-janya 'phl'| kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM phalAnukUla 'vyApAra' kI pratIti hotI hai tathA karmavAcya meM 'vyApAra'-janya 'phala' kI pratIti hotI hai| kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM kartRvAcaka pratyaya isa bAta kA niyamana athavA tAtparya jJApana karegA ki yahAM dhAtu phalAnukUla 'vyApAra' kA bodhaka hai tathA tathA karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM karmavAcaka pratyaya isa bAta kA niyAmaka hogA ki dhAtu yahA~ 'vyApAra'-janya 'phala' kA bodhaka hai| aisA mAnane meM Upara dikhAye gaye doSa nahIM upasthita hote| [mImAMmakoM ke mata- "dhAtu kA artha 'phala' hai tathA pratyaya kA artha 'vyApAra' hai"---kA khaNDana yatta mImAMsakAH "phalaM dhAtvartho vyApAraH pratyayArthaH" iti vadanti / tanna "laH karmaNi 0" (pA0 3.4.66) ityAdi-sUtra-virodhApatta: / nahi tena vyApArasya pratyayArthatA lbhyte| kiM ca 'pacati', 'pakSyati', 'pakvavAn' ityAdau phUtkArAdi-pratItaye tatrAneka-pratyayAnAM zaktikalpanApekSayA ekasya dhAtoreva shkti-klpnocitaa| kiJca phUtkarAdeH pratyayArthatve 'gacchati' ityAdau tatpratIti-kAraNAya tadbodhe 'paci'-samabhivyAhArasyApi kAraNatva-kalpane'tigauravam / jo ki mImAMsaka (maNDanamizra Adi)-"dhAtu kA artha 'phala' tathA ('tiG' pAdi) 'pratyaya' kA artha 'vyApAra"-kahate haiM vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki (vaisA mAnane para) "la:karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH' ityAdi sUtroM (ke arthoM) se virodha upasthita hotA hai / 'pratyaya' kA artha 'vyApAra' hai yaha usa sUtra se jJAta nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta 'pacati' (pakAtA hai), 'pakSyati' (pakAvegA) 'pakvavAn' (pakAyA) ityAdi prayogoM meM phUMkanA Adi 'vyApAroM' ke jJAna ke liye aneka pratyayoM meM (vAcakatA zakti) kI kalpanA karane kI apekSA (ina saba prayogoM meM vidyamAna) eka 'dhAtu' meM 'zakti' kI kalpanA ucita hai| tathA phUMkanA Adi 'vyApAroM' ko 'pratyaya' kA artha mAnane para ('pacati' Adi ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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134 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA samAna) 'gacchati' ityAdi meM (bhI) usa 'phUMkanA ' Adi 'vyApAroM' ke jJAna ke nivAraNa ke lie usa ( phUMkanA Adi 'vyApAra' ) ke jJAna meM 'pac' dhAtu kI samIpatA meM bhI kAraNatva kI kalpanA karanI par3egI jisameM gaurava hogA / maNDana mizra zrAdi mImAMsaka vidvAnoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki dhAtu kA artha kevala 'phala' hai / 'vyApAra' to 'tiGa' Adi pratyayoM kA artha hai / 'pAka' jaise prayogoM meM bhI pAka 'vyApAra' 'ghan' pratyaya kA artha hai / gaGgeza ne tattvacintAmaNi ke zabdakhaNDa ( pR0 847 ) meM, prAcArya maNDana ke mata kA ullekha karate hue, likhA hai ki isa AcArya ke anusAra dhAtu kA artha 'phala' hai / lAghava ke kAraNa 'pac' dhAtu kA artha viklitti ( gIlA honA) rUpa 'phala' mAnanA cAhiye / 'Aga jalAnA' Adi vibhinna 'vyApAroM' ko dhAtu kA artha mAnane meM gaurava hogA / isI prakAra 'gam' dhAtu kA artha anya sthAna se saMyoga, 'pat' kA nimna pradeza se saMyoga tathA 'tyaj' kA vibhAga grathaM mAnanA cAhiye / ina saba 'phaloM' ke utpAdaka 'vyApAroM ko prAcArya maNDana mizra dhAtu kA artha nahIM mAnate / " laH karmaNi0 " iti sUtra - virodhApatteH - isa mata kA khaNDana karate hue nAgeza ne pahalA doSa yaha diyA hai ki isa mata ko mAnane meM pANini ke "laH karmariNa 0" sUtra virodha upasthita hotA hai / isa sUtra meM Upara se "kartari kRt" (3.4.67) kI anuvRtti zrAtI hai jisake anusAra "laH karmaNi0 " sUtra lakAroM kA vidhAna 'karma' tathA 'karttA' artha meM karatA hai / isaliye lakAroM ke sthAna meM hone vAle 'tib' Adi pratyayoM kA artha 'karma' tathA 'kartA' hI ho sakate haiM, na ki 'vyApAra' / ekasya dhAtoreva zakti-kalpanocitA- dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki eka hI dhAtu ke sAtha vibhinna pratyayoM ke saMyojana se niSpanna aneka prayogoM meM una-una pratyayoM ko eka hI 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka mAnanA par3egA / jaise-- 'pacati', 'pakSyati', pakvavAn' ityAdi meM vidyamAna tIna bhinna bhinna pratyayoM meM eka 'vyApAra' ke bodhaka 'zakti' kI kalpanA karanI par3egI, jisameM gaurava adhika hai| sabhI prayogoM meM vidyamAna eka dhAtu meM, 'vyApAra' ko kahane vAlI, 'zakti' kI kalpanA meM lAghava hai / phUtkArAdeH pratyayArthatve'tigauravam - tIsarA doSa yaha hai ki jaba 'vyApAra' pratyaya kAhI artha hai to jisa prakAra 'pacati' meM 'ti' pratyaya phUMkane Adi 'vyApAroM' kA bodhana karegA usI prakAra 'gacchati' meM vidyamAna 'ti' pratyaya ke dvArA bhI unhIM 'vyApAroM' kA bodhana mAnanA hogA / isa prakAra 'gacchati' zabda se bhI phUMkane Adi 'vyApAroM' kA jJAna honA cAhiye para aisA hotA nahIM / isaliye isa aniSTa sthiti ke nivAraNArtha mImAMsaka ko yaha kahanA par3egA ki 'pac' dhAtu se sambaddha jo 'ti' pratyaya vahI phUMkane Adi' 'vyApAroM' kA vAcaka hai, anya 'ti' pratyaya nahIM / isa taraha pratyeka pratyaya ke sAtha isa prakAra kI kalpanA karane meM bahuta adhika vistAra hogA / parantu 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha mAnane meM, dhAtu kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa, 'pacati' se jisa 'vyApAra' kI pratIti hogI usase bhinna 'vyApAra' kI pratIti 'gacchati' se hogI / isaliye alaga se kucha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3egI / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 135 [mImAMsakoM kA uparyukta mata mAnane para 'sakarmaka', 'akarmaka' sambandhI vyavasthA kI anupapatti] kiM ca sakarmakAkarmaka-vyavahArocchedApattiH / na ca-pratyayArtha-vyApAra-vyadhikaraNa-phala-vAcakatvaM 'sakarmakatvam' tanmate, tatasamAnAdhikaraNa-phalavAcakatvam 'akarmakatvam' ca, pratyayArtha-vyApArAzrayatvaM 'kartRtvam', 'ghaTaM bhAvayati' ityAdau Nijartha-vyApAra-vyadhikaraNa-phalAzrayatvena ghaTAde: 'karmatvam'-iti vAcyam / abhidhAnAnabhidhAnavyavasthocchedApatteH / na ca--vyApAreNAzrayAkSepAt karturabhidhAnam, karmAkhyAte ca pradhAnena phalena svAzrayAkSepAt karmaNo'bhidhAnam-iti vAcyam / 'jAtizaktivAde' jAtyAkSiptavyakteriva pAzraya-prAdhAnyApattau "kriyApradhAnam prAkhyAtam" iti yaaskvco-virodhaaptteH| kiM ca phalasya dhAtunA, tadAzrayasya ca AkSepeNa lAbhasambhavena "laH karmaNi." (pA0 3.4.66) ityasya vaiyarthyApattaH / isake atirikta 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' viSayaka vyavasthA naSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha nahIM kahanA cAhiye ki-una (mImAMsakoM) ke mata meM pratyayArtharUpa 'vyApAra' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna pradhikaraNa vAle 'phala' kA vAcaka (dhAtu) 'sakarmaka' hai, pratyayArtha rUpa 'vyApAra' ke adhikaraNa se abhinna adhikaraNa meM rahane vAle 'phala' kA vAcaka (dhAtu) 'akarmaka' hai, pratyayArtha-'vyApAra'-kA Azraya 'kartA' hai tathA 'ghaTaM bhAvayati' ityAdi meM, (riNac) pratyaya ke artha (preraNA) 'vyApAra' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle (utpattirUpa) 'phala' kA Azraya hone se, 'ghaTa' Adi kI 'karmatA' hai-kyoMki (isa prakAra kI vyavasthA ko mAnane se) 'kathita' tathA 'akathita' kI (pANini-prokta sArI) vyavasthA vinaSTa ho jaaygii| aura yaha bhI nahIM kahanA cAhiye ki--(uparyukta vyavasthA ke anusAra bhI kartRvAcya meM) 'vyApAra' ke dvArA apane Azraya ('kartA') ke prAkSipta hone se 'kartA' kA kathana tathA 'karma'-vAcaka 'pAkhyAta' meM pradhAnabhUta 'phala' ke dvArA apane Azraya ('karma') ke AkSipta hone se 'karma' kA kathana ho jAyegA-kyoMki "jAti meM zabda kI 'zakti' hai" isa siddhAnta meM 'jAti' se pAkSipta 'vyakti (kI pradhAnatA) ke samAna (yahA~ bhI 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' ke dvArA pAkSipta) Azraya ('kartA' tathA 'karma') kI pradhAnatA ke prApta hone para 1. nirukta (11) meM "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam" pATha hI milatA hai| nirukta ke kisI saMskaraNa yA TIkA meM 'kriyApramAnam' pATha nahIM milatA hai| svayaM nAgeza ne isI prakaraNa meM 'vyApAra' kI paribhASA ke prasaGga meM. "bhAvapradhAnam" pATha ko hI uddhRta kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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136 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yAska ke "pAkhyAta kriyA-pradhAna hotA hai" isa kathana se virodha upasthita hogaa| sAtha hI 'phala' kA (kathana) 'dhAtu' se tathA usake Azraya ('karma') kA ('phala' ke dvArA) AkSepa hone se (donoM ke kathana kA) lAbha ho jAne ke kAraNa (pANini kA) "laH karmaNi." yaha sUtra vyartha ho jaaygaa| mImAMsakoM ke mata meM cauthA doSa yaha hai ki dhAtuoM kI 'sakarmakatA' tathA akarmakatA' viSayaka vyavasthA vizRGkhalita ho jAegI kyoMki 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka kI paribhASA 'vyApAra' ko 'dhAtu' kA artha mAnakara hI kI gayI hai / aura vaha hai-"svArthavyApAra-vyadhikaraNa-phala-vAcakatvaM sakarmakatvam" tathA "svArtha-vyApAra-samAnAdhikaraNaphala-vAcakatvam akarmakatvam", arthAt svArtha (dhAtvartha) rUpa jo 'vyApAra' usake adhikaraNa athavA Azraya se bhinna adhikaraNa yA Azraya vAle 'phala' kA vAcaka dhAtu 'sakarmaka' hai tathA 'vyApAra' ke adhikaraNa (Azraya) meM hI rahane vAle 'phala' kA vAcaka dhAtu 'akarmaka' hai| naca...""karmatvam iti vAcyam-yahAM mImAMsaka yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ina paribhASAoM meM 'svArtha' zabda ke sthAna para 'pratyayArtha' zabda rakha dene se upayukta vyavasthA meM doSa nahIM aataa| isI taraha 'kartA' tathA 'karma' kI paribhASAoM meM bhI 'pratyayArtha' zabda rakha kara unakI vyavasthA ko nirdoSa batAyA jA sakatA hai| vaha isa rUpa meM ki pratyayArthabhUta 'vyApAra' ke Azraya ko 'kartA' aura pratyayArtha 'vyApAra' se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'phala' ke Azraya ko 'karma' mAnA jaaye| "pratyayArtha'-rUpa 'vyApAra' kA Azraya 'kartA' hai"-isa paribhASA ko mAnane para 'ghaTaM bhAvayati' jaise prayogoM meM doSa A sakatA hai kyoMki vahAM 'pratyayArtha' (preSaNa vyApAra) kA Azraya ghaTa nahIM hai| aura jaba usakI 'kartA' saMjJA nahIM hogI to "gatibuddhi0" (pA01.4.52) ke anusAra 'ghaTa' 'karma' bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki isa sUtra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki aNyantAvasthA meM jo 'kartA' vahI NyantAvasthA meM 'karma' banatA hai| ataH 'karma' saMjJA ke abhAva meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke na Ane se 'ghaTaM bhAvayati' prayoga nahIM bana skegaa| parantu isa doSa kA nirAkaraNa isa rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki "gatibuddhi0" sUtra se 'ghaTa' kI 'karma' saMjJA bhale hI na ho, "karturIpsitatamaM karma" (pA0 1.4.46) ke niyama se 'ghaTa' kI 'karma' saMjJA ho jAyagI kyoMki 'riNac pratyaya kA artha jo preSaNa 'vyApAra' usake adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'phala' (utpatti) kA ghaTa Azraya hai| abhidhAnAnabhidhAna'... 'yAskavacovirodhApateH-'sakarmaka', 'akarmaka' Adi kI mImAMsaka-pradarzita uparyukta vyavasthA isaliye mAnya nahIM hai ki aisA mAnane se pANini kI 'anabhihita' tathA 'abhihita' kI vyavasthA dUSita ho jaaygii| pANini ne "anabhihite" (pA 0 2.3.1) sUtra ke adhikAra meM "karmaNi dvitIyA" (pA0 2.3.2.) ityAdi sUtroM kA pravacana kara ke 'anabhihita (akathita yA anukta) 'karma' meM dvitIyA vibhakti tathA anabhihita 'kartA' meM tRtIyA vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai / yadi 'tiGa' Adi pratyayoM kA artha, 'kartA' aura 'karma' na mAna kara, 'vyApAra' mAna liyA gayA to 'kartA' aura 'karma' kabhI bhI kathita hoMge hI nahIM kyoMki pratyaya to sadA 'vyApAra' ko hI khegaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-niyarNa 137 isa kaThinAI ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhidhAna tathA anabhidhAna kI vyavasthA bhI yoM bana jAyagI ki kartRvAcya meM pradhAna jo 'vyApAra' vaha apane Azraya kA AkSepa (asAkSAt kathana) ThIka usI prakAra karegA jisa prakAra, 'jAti' meM zakti mAnane vAle vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM, 'jAti' apane prAzraya 'vyakti' kA AkSepa kara letI haiN| isa prakAra 'vyApAra' ke dvArA 'kartA' kA AkSepa hone se kartavAcya meM 'kartA' kathita ho jAyA kregaa| isI rUpa meM karmavAcya meM pradhAnabhUta 'phala' apane Azraya 'karma' kA AkSepa karegA jisase karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM bhI 'karma' kathita ho jAyagA / isa prakAra pANini kI 'anabhihita' tathA 'abhihita' kI vyavasthA meM koI doSa nahIM praataa| parantu 'anabhihite' kI yaha vyavasthA bhI isaliye mAnya nahIM hai ki prAzraya ke AkSepa dvArA 'kartA' tathA 'karma' viSayaka abhidhAna, anabhidhAna kI vyavasthA ke bana jAne para bhI eka mahAn doSa upasthita hotA hai| 'jAti' meM zabda kI zakti mAnane ke siddhAnta meM 'jAti' ke dvArA usake Azraya 'vyakti' kA AkSepa to kiyA jAtA hai / parantu jisa prakAra 'jAti' se AkSipta 'vyakti' ke artha kI vahAM pradhAnatA hotI hai -... 'vyakti' meM hI kArya kiye jAte haiM 'jAti' meM nahIM-usI prakAra yahAM bhI 'vyApAra' ke dvArA AkSipta 'kartA' tathA 'karma kI hI pradhAnatA mAnanI hogI 'vyApAra' kI nahIM, arthAt 'vyApAra' ko apradhAna yA gauraNa mAnanA hogA / aura isa rUpa meM yadi 'vyApAra' ko gauNa mAna liyA gayA to "AkhyAta' kriyA-pradhAna hotA hai" yAska ke isa kathana se mahAn virodha upasthita hogA / isaliye, maharSi yAska ke kathana ke viruddha hone ke kAraNa, mImAMsakoM kA uparyukta mata mAnya nahIM hai| isa kAraNa pUrvokta 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' kI avyavasthA vAlA doSa banA hI huA hai| kiMca. "laHkarmaNi." ityasya vayApatteH-yAska ke vacana se viparIta hone ke atirikta eka aura Apatti yaha hai ki, 'vyApAra' ke AkSepa ke dvArA 'kartA' tathA 'karma' ke kathana kI bAta mAna lene para, pANini kA "laH karmaNi." isa sUtrAMza ke dvArA 'kartA' tathA 'karma' meM lakAroM kA vidhAna karanA vyartha ho jAtA hai kyoMki unakA kathana to kramazaH 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' ke dvArA hI ho jAyA kregaa| [mImAMsakoM ke mata meM anya doSoM kA pradarzana] karmakartRkRtAM kArakabhAvanobhayavAcakatve gauravAcca / kiJca bhAvavihitaghanAdInAM vyApArAvAcakatve 'grAmo gamanavAn' ityAdyApattiH / tadvAcakatve tenApi svAzrayAkSepe karturabhidhAnApattiH / kiJca 'guruH ziSyAbhyAM pAcayati' ityAdau "hetumati ca" (pA0 3.1.26.) iti sUtrabalAt prayojaka-vyApArasya gijarthatve sthite prayojyavyApAra AkhyAtArtho vAcyaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 138 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA evaM ca saGkhyAyAH svavAcakAkhyAtArthavyApAre zranvayinyeva anvayAt 'ziSyAbhyAm' iti dvivacanAnApattiH / 'pAcayati' ityekavacanAnApattizca / guronabhidhAnena tatra prathamAyA anApattazca / 'ziSya' - zabdAt tadApattezca ityanyatra vistaraH / 'karma' aura 'kartA' meM vihita 'kRt' pratyayoM ko kAraka ( 'karma' yA 'kartA' ) tathA 'vyApAra' (isa rUpa meM) do arthoM kA vAcaka mAnane meM gaurava hogA / aura ( yadi ina 'kRt' pratyayoM kA 'vyApAra' artha nahIM mAnA jAtA to ) 'bhAva' meM vihita 'ghaJ' Adi pratyayoM ke dvArA 'vyApAra' kA kathana na hone para ( ' grAma: saMyogavAn' prayoga ke samAna) 'grAmo gamanavAn' isa prayoga ko bhI sAdhu mAnanA pdd'egaa| aura yadi use ( ghaJ' Adi ko ) 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to usa ('vyApAra') ke dvArA hI apane prAzraya ('kartA' ) ke AkSepa ho jAne para 'kartA' ke kathita hone kI prapatti upasthita hotI hai / isake atirikta 'guruH ziSyAbhyAM pAcayati' (guru do ziSyoM se pakavAtA hai ) ityAdi ( prayogoM) meM, " hetumati ca" isa sUtra ke bala se prayojaka (preraka) ke 'vyApAra' ko 'Nic' (pratyaya) kA artha mAna lene para, prayojya ke 'vyApAra' ko 'tiGa' kA artha mAnanA par3egA / aura isa rUpa meM saMkhyAvAcaka 'AkhyAta' ke artha - ( prayojya) 'vyApAra' - se anvita hone vAle (prayojya) meM saGakhyA kA anvaya hone se 'ziSyAbhyAm ' isa (prayoga) meM dvivacana tathA 'pAcayati' isa (prayoga) meM ekavacana nahIM ho sakegA tathA 'guru' ke akathita rahane se vahAM 'prathamA vibhakti kI prApti nahIM hogI aura 'ziSya' zabda se usa (prathamA ' vibhakti) kI prApti hogI / yaha bAteM anyatra (laghumaMjUSA Adi meM) vistAra se kahI gayI haiM / mImAMsakoM kI uparyukta mAnyatA meM pAMcavAM doSa yaha hai ki 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA arthaM na mAnane para una 'Nvul' Adi 'kRt' pratyayoM ke do do artha ('vyApAra' tathA 'kAraka') mAnane hoMge jinakA bidhAna 'kartA' yA 'karma' ko kahane ke liye kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra 'Nvul' pratyaya ko 'kartA' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM kA vAcaka mAnanA hogA jisameM vizeSa gaurava hai / vaiyAkaraNa ina 'kRt' pratyayoM ko kevala Azraya kA vAcaka mAnate haiM, isaliye unake siddhAnta meM lAghava hai / aura yadi gaurava ke bhaya se 'kRt' pratyayoM ko ina ubhaya arthoM kA vAcaka na mAnA gayA kevala 'kartA' 'karma' Adi ko hI unakA vAcyArtha mAnA gayA, 'vyApAra' ko nahIM, to eka dUsarA doSa upasthita hogA / mImAMsaka 'vyApAra' ko to dhAtu kA artha mAnate hI nahIM sAtha hI yadi ve 'bhAva' meM vihita 'ghan' Adi 'kRta' pratyayoM ko bhI 'vyApAra' kA 1. 60 meM 'tatra' anupalabdha | For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 136 vAcaka nahIM mAneMge to 'lyuTa' pratyaya se niSpanna gamanam' jaise zabda gamana 'vyApAra'rUpa artha ko prakaTa nahIM kara skeNge| unakA artha kevala saMyoga mAtra hI hogA / usa sthiti meM jisa prakAra 'grAmaH saMyogavAn' (grAma saMyoga vAlA hai) yaha prayoga hotA hai usI prakAra 'grAmo gAmanavAn' yaha prayoga bhI hone lagegA jo abhISTa nahIM hai / para yadi ina pratyayoM ko 'vyApAra' artha kA vAcaka mAna liyA gayA taba bhI yaha doSa upasthita hotA hai ki 'kRt' pratyaya ke artha 'vyApAra' ke dvArA apane Azraya 'kartA' Adi ke abhidhAna kI sthiti utpanna hogI jo abhISTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra yadi vyApAra ko 'kRta' pratyayoM kA artha mAnate haiM taba bhI aura yadi nahIM mAnate haiM taba bhI donoM rUpoM meM-mImAMsakoM ke mata meM doSa banA hI rahatA hai| ___ isake atirikta, 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha na mAna kara use 'tiGa' kA artha mAnane vAle mImAMsakoM ke mata meM chaThA doSa yaha hai ki 'guruH ziSyAbhyAM pAcayati' isa prayoga meM aneka kaThinAiyAM upasthita hotI haiN| yahAM 'prayojaka' guru ke 'vyApAra' ko 'Nic' pratyaya kA artha mAnanA hogA kyoMki 'prayojaka' ke 'vyApAra' ko kahane ke liye hI pANini ne 'riNac' pratyaya kA vidhAna, "hetumati ca" sUtra dvArA, kiyA hai| aba zeSa raha jAtA hai 'prayojya' (ziSya) kA 'vyaapaar'| use hI yahAM 'pAkhyAta' athavA 'tiG kA artha mAnanA hogaa| aura jaba 'tiG' prayojya ke 'vyApAra ko kahegA to usase sambaddha hone vAle 'prayojya' (ziSya) meM hI 'tiG' ke artha 'saMkhyA' kA bhI anvaya karanA hogA, arthAt donoM meM eka hI taraha ke vacana kA prayoga karanA hogA kyoMki 'saMkhyA' yA 'vacana' bhI to 'tiG kA artha hai| isakA spaSTa pariNAma yaha hogA ki, yataH 'pAcayati' meM ekavacana kA prayoga hai isaliye, 'ziSya' kAbda ko bhI ekavacana se sambaddha karanA hogA athavA 'ziSya' zabda meM "dvivacana' kA prayoga ('ziSyAbhyAm') hone ke kAraNa 'pAcayati' ko bhI 'dvivacana' meM hI rakhanA hogA / isI prayoga meM eka aura doSa yaha upasthita hotA hai ki 'guru' jo prayojaka hai vaha 'pAkhyAta' ke dvArA akathita hI raha jAyagA kyoMki 'pAkhyAta' to 'prayojya' (ziSya) ke 'vyApAra' ko kahegA na ki 'prayojaka' guru ke 'vyApAra' ko| 'prayojaka' (guru) ke 'vyApAra' ko to 'Nic pratyaya kahegA / isa rUpa meM 'pAkhyAta' ke dvArA guru ke anabhihita raha jAne ke kAraNa 'guru' zabda meM, prathamA vibhakti kI prApti na hokara, tRtIyA vibhakti kI prApti hogii| isI taraha 'pAkhyAta' dvArA 'prayojya' (ziSya) ke 'vyApAra' ko kahane aura 'vyApAra' dvArA apane Azraya ('prayojya' bhUta ziSya) ke AkSepa karane tathA isa prakAra abhihita hone ke kAraNa 'ziSya' zabda se, tRtIyA vibhakti kI prApti na hokara, prathamA vibhakti kI prApti hogii| ina aneka doSoM se dUSita hone ke kAraNa mImAMsakoM kI uparyukta mAnyatA svIkArya nahIM hai| anya vidvAnoM ne bhI mImAMsakoM ke isa mata kI AlocanA kI hai| jaise-vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa ke dhAtvarthanirNaya ke prakaraNa meM kauNDabhaTTa ne, tattvacintAmaNi ke dhAtuvAda meM gaGgeza ne tathA vyutpattivAda meM gadAdhara ne mImAMsakoM ke isa mata kA sayuktika khaNDana kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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140 bayAkaraNa-sibAmta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ["kriyA' kA svarUpa] sarva-kArakAnvayitAvacchedaka-dharmavatI 'kri'yA' / yAvat siddham asiddha vA sAdhyatvenAbhidhIyate / Azrita-krama-rUpatvAt sA' kriyetyabhidhIyate / ___vApa0 3.8.1 guraNa-bhUtair avayavaiH samUhaH krama-janmanAm / buddha yA prakalpitAbhedaH kriyeti vyapadizyate / vApa0 3.8.4 iti "bhUvAdi0"-(pA0 1.3.1)-sUtrastha-bhASyArtha-pratipAdaka-harigranthAt / 'krama-janmanAm' vyApArANAM samUhaM prati 'guNabhUtairavayavaiH' yuktaH saMkalanAtmikayA ekatva-'buddha yA prakalpitAbheda'-rUpa: 'samUhaH' kriyeti vyavahriyate iti dvitIya-kArikArthaH / atra avayavAzrayaM paurvAparyaM samudAyAzrayam ekatvam / kSaNa-nazvarANAM vyApArANAM vastu-bhUtasamudAyAbhAvAt 'buddha yA' ityuktam / 'pacati', 'pakSyati' ityAdau 'asiddham' / 'apAkSIt' ityAdau 'siddham', (asiddhaM vA') 'sAdhyatvena' abhidhIyamAnaM kriyA / 'prAzrita'0 iti yoga-darzanaM kRtam, avayavAnAM krameNa utpattyA / ataeva 'pAzrita-krama-rUpA' kriyA iti Adima-kArikArthaH / ekaikAvayave'pi samUha-rUpAropAd adhizrayaNa-kAle'pi 'pacati' iti vyavahAraH / tad uktamekadeze samUhe vA' vyApArANAM pacAdayaH / svabhAvataH pravartante tulyarUpaM samAzritAH // vApa0 3.7.58 isa aMza ke pazcAt prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'tad Aha' pATha milatA hai jo sarvathA anAvazyaka hai kyoMki ina kArikAoM ke anta meM 'iti bhUvAdiharigranthAt' pATha hai| ye donoM pATha eka sAtha kisI prakAra bhI susaMgata nahIM ho sakate / palama0 ke hastalekhoM tathA lama* ke isa prasaMga meM bhI 'tad Aha' pATha nahIM miltaa| vApa0-'tat' / 3. yaha koSThakAntargata pATha asaMgata pratIta hotA hai| vastuta: yahA~ "apAkSIt' ityAdI siddham / 'pacati', 'pakSyati' ityAdI AsiddhavA" yaha pATha abhISTa hai| 4. ha., vaMmi0 meM "kriyA iti Adima' ke sthAna para 'kriyetyAdi-prathama' pATha hai| vaap0-c| 6. vApa.-tulyarUpasamanvitAH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 141 sabhI kArakoM kI anvayitA meM rahane vAle (anvita hone vAle) dharma (phalatva tathA vyApAratva) se yukta ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra') 'kriyA' hai / (isa viSaya meM) "siddha tathA prasiddha jitanA bhI sAdhya rUpa se abhihita hotA hai use, kramarUpatA kA AzrayaNa kiye jAne ke kAraNa, 'kriyA' kahA jAtA hai| "apradhAna avayavoM se yukta tathA kama se utpanna hone vAloM (vyApAroM) kA, buddhi dvArA abhinna rUpa meM prakalpita, samUha 'kriyA' isa (nAma) se vyavahRta hotA hai| ye (kArikAyeM), "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH" (pA0 1.3.1.) sUtrastha mahAbhASya ke abhiprAya kA pratipAdana karane vAle, bhartRhari-viracita (vAkyapadIya) grantha se (uddha ta) haiN| krama se utpanna hone vAle (Aga jalAnA Adi avAntara) 'vyApAroM' ke samUha ke prati apradhAnabhUta avayavoM (aneka avAntara 'vyApAroM') se yukta tathA (una sabhI prAvantara 'vyApAroM') kA saMkalana athavA saMyojana karane vAlI ekatva buddhi ke dvArA abhinna rUpa meM prakalpita samUha 'kriyA' isa zabda ke dvArA vyavahRta hotA hai-yaha dvitIya kArikA kA artha hai| yahAM avayavoM (avAntara 'vyApAroM') ke kAraNa pUrvAparatA (kramiqatA) hai tathA (una 'vyApAroM' ke abhinna) samUha ke Azraya se ekatA hai| eka kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAne vAle 'vyApAroM' kA samudAya na bana sakane kAraNa 'buddhi ke dvArA (prakalpita samUha)' yaha kahA gayA hai| ___ 'pacati' (pakAtA hai), 'pakSyati' (pakAyegA) ityAdi meM ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra') 'asiddha' haiN| 'apAkSIt' (pakAyA) ityAdi meM ('phala' aura 'vyApAra') 'siddha' haiN| (isa prakAra) 'siddha' yA 'asiddha' ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra') sAdhya rUpa se kathita hotA huA 'kriyA' hai| 'Azrita-(kramarUpA)' isa (kathana) se ('kriyA' zabda kI) yaugikatA kA jJApana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki avayavoM kI kama se hI utpatti hotI hai| isaliye krama kA AzrayaNa karane vAlI 'kriyA' hai-yaha prathama kArikA kA artha hai / ('kriyA' ke) eka eka avayava meM bhI (unake) samUharUpa kA Aropa karane ke kAraNa pAtra ko cUlhe para rakhane ke sayaya bhI 'pacati' (pakAtA hai) yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| isa (bAta) ko (bhartRhari ne) kahA hai "vyApAroM' ke eka avayava yA samUha ke (bodha ke) liye, sAmAnyarUpatA ko prApta huI, 'pac' Adi (dhAtue~) svAbhAvika rUpa se pravRtta (prayukta) hotI haiN|" sarvakArakA...."kriyA-nAgeza ne 'kriyA kI jo yaha paribhASA dI hai usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'kriyA' vaha hai jisameM sabhI kArakoM ke sAtha anvita ho sakanesambaddha ho sakane kI kSamatA ho / yahAM paribhASA meM 'kAraka' ke sAtha 'sarva' vizeSaNa lagAne kA prayojana yaha suspaSTa kara denA hai ki sabhI 'kArakoM' kA anvaya 'kriyA' meM hI hotA hai| 'adhikaraNa' kAraka bhI apane Azraya ('kartA' athavA 'karma') ke dvArA 'kriyA' se hI sambada hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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142 vaiyAkaraNa-sidAnta-parama-ga-maMjUSA vastutaH 'kAraka' ko 'kAraka' kahate hI isa kAraNa haiM ki vaha 'kriyA' kA nirvartaka, niSpAdaka yA prayojaka hotA hai| isIliye 'kAraka' zabda kA nirvacana kiyA jAtA hai'karoti, kiyAM nivartayati iti kAraka:' / ataH 'kAraka' 'kriyA' kA janaka hai tathA 'kriyA' 'kAraka' se janya hai| janya tathA janaka meM paraspara sAkAMkSatA rahatI hai. isaliye unameM pArasparika anvaya svAbhAvika hI hai| isa prakAra sabhI kArakoM' kA 'kriyA' meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa 'anvayitA' (anvayino bhAvaH), arthAt 'anvayI' (sambandhI) kA bhAva athavA dharma, 'kriyA' meM hogI / 'anvayitA' kA avacchedaka dharma hai 'phalatva' athavA 'vyApAratva' kyoMki 'kriyA' yA to 'phala'-rUpA hotI hai yA 'vyApAra'-rUpA / / yAvat siddham prasiddha vA -- 'kriyA' ke svarUpa-pratipAdana ke liye nAgeza ne bhartRhari kI jina do kArikAmoM ko yahA~ uddhRta kiyA hai usakA Azaya bhI usane svayaM spaSTa kara diyA hai| vyAkhyA karane meM yahA~ kArikAoM kA krama kyoM ulaTa diyA gayA yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| kArikAoM kI jo vyAkhyA nAgeza ne kI hai usakA aura spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo kucha bhI 'siddha' yA 'sAdhya' athavA niSpanna yA aniSpanna 'bhAva' jaba sAdhyarUpa meM kahA jAtA hai to vaha 'kriyA' bana jAtA hai kyoMki usa 'bhAva' ke 'sAdhya' hone ke kAraNa usameM avAntara 'vyApAroM' kA eka vizeSa krama hotA hai / jaise-'pacati' ityAdi kahane para prArambha se lekara anta taka ke aneka-Aga jalAnA ityAdi-vyApAroM' kA eka kramabaddha svarUpa upasthita hotA hai| isI bAta ko yAska ne nimna zabdoM meM kahA hai-"pUrvAparIbhUtaM bhAvam AkhyAtena AcaSTe pacati vrajatItyupakramaprabhRtyapavargaparyantam" (nirukta 1.1), arthAt 'pacati', 'vrajati' Adi tiGanta pada ke dvArA prArambha se lekara anta taka ke aneka kramika 'vyApAroM' ko kahA jAtA hai| jahA~ 'asti' Adi kriyAoM meM avAntara yA avayavabhUta 'vyApAroM kA yaha paurvAparya nahIM dikhAI detA vahA~ bhI usakA Aropa karake 'kriyAtva' kI sthiti mAnanI cAhiye athavA 'kriyA' pada ko vahA~ rUr3ha mAnanA hogaa| avayavabhUta aneka 'vyApAroM' kI isa kramarUpatA ke kAraNa hI 'kriyA' kA sArthaka nAma 'kriyA' (kramarUpa vAlI) pdd'aa| ataH 'kriyA' zabda ke yaugika-prakRti-pratyayaniSpanna-rUpa kI sArthakatA dikhAne ke liye hI bhartRhari ne 'AzritakramarUpatvAt' isa zabda kA kArikA meM prayoga kiyA-aisA nAgeza kA vicAra hai| parantu 'kriyA' zabda, "kutraH za ca" (pA0 3.3.100) sUtra ke anusAra 'bhAva' meM niSpanna hone ke kAraNa, 'kramikatA' ke artha ko kisa prakAra vyakta karegA-yaha vicAraNIya hai| dUsarI kArikA meM yaha batAyA gayA ki kramabaddha aneka avAntara "kriyAoM' yA 'vyApAroM' se yukta hote hue bhI 'pacati' Adi "kriyAoM ko eka kyoM mAnA jAtA hai ? krama se utpanna hone vAle ina avAntara 'vyApAroM' meM paurvAparya yA kramikatA ke hone ke kAraNa vAstavika ekatA nahIM hotI phira bhI vaktA una meM apanI saMkalanAtmikA buddhi se ekatA kI kalpanA yA Aropa kara letA hai aura prArambha se lekara anta taka kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhrAtvarSa nirNaya 143 avAntara 'kriyAoM' ko eka mAnatA hai| avayavabhUta ina avAntara 'vyApAroM kA, abhinna dRSTi se ekatva ko prApta, samUha hI 'kriyA' kahI jAtI hai| isa buddhi-kalpita samUha ko pradhAna 'vyApAra' mAnA jAtA hai tathA isake prati sAre avAntara 'vyApAra' guNa yA gauNa arthAt prapradhAna hote haiM / 'kriyA' ke isI svarUpa ko bRhaddevatAkAra ne nimna zloka spaSTa kiyA hai kriyAsu bahavoSvabhisaMzrito yaH pUrvAparIbhUta irvaka eva / kriyAbhinivRttivazena siddha zrAkhyAtazabdena tamartham zrAhuH / / (bRhadevatA 1.44) " sUvAdi" 0 sUtrastha - bhASyArtha pratipAdaka hariprasthAt- mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali ne "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH " (1.3.1) sUtra ke bhASya meM rocaka vivAdoM dvArA 'kriyA' ke svarUpa para paryApta prakAza DAlA / yahA~ ke pataJjali ke kathana se spaSTa hai ki 'kriyA' kA svarUpa amUrta hai, adRzya hai / isaliye use garbhastha zizu ke samAna mUrtarUpa meM pratyakSa nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA / 'kriyA' kA svarUpa kevala zranumAnagamya hai / sabhI sAdhanoM ke upasthita rahate hue bhI vaktA kabhI 'pacati' kriyA' kA prayoga karatA hai tathA kabhI nahIM karatA / ataH jisa sAdhana ke hone para 'pacati' kriyA' kA prayoga hotA hai usa sAdhana ko hI 'kriyA' mAnanA cAhiye, athavA jisase devadatta yahA~ se paTanA pahu~ca jAtA hai kahI 'kriyA' hai| dra0 - "kriyA' nAmeyam pratyantAparidRSTA, azakyA kriyA piNDIbhUtA nidarzayituM yathA garbho'niluThitaH / sA'so anumAnagamyA / ko'sau anumAnaH / iha sarveSu sAdhaneSu sannihiteSu kadAcit pacatItyAdi bhavati kadAcinna bhavati / yasmin sAdhane sannihite pacatItyetad bhavati sA nUnaM kriyA / athavA yayA devadatta iha bhUtvA pATaliputre bhavati sA nUnaM 'kriyA" / eka kAvayave pacatItivyavahAraH - yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki jaba aneka zrAvazyaka zravayavabhUta avAntara 'vyApAroM' ke samUha ko 'kriyA' kahate haiM to una una 'kriyAoM' ke eka eka avayavoM ke liye 'kriyA' zabda kA vyavahAra kyoM hotA hai ? isa bhraMza meM isI prazna kA uttara diyA gayA hai / isa aMza kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba eka avayavabhUta 'vyApAra' ke liye pUrI 'kriyA' kA vyavahAra hotA hai, jaise 'kevala zrAga jalAnA' yA 'pAtra ko cUlhe para rakhanA' Adi 'vyApAroM' ke liye pacati' kriyA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, to vaktA usa eka zravayava vAle vyApAra meM, 'pAcana' kriyA meM samaviSTa hone vAle, sabhI avAntara 'vyApAroM' ke samUha kA bauddhika Aropa kara letA hai / isa liye eka eka pravAntara 'kriyA' yA 'vyApAra' ke liye pUrI 'kriyA' kA vyavahAra hotA hai / ['siddha' aura 'sAdhya' kI koNDabhaTTa sammata paribhASA ] atra kecit - 'siddhatvam' kriyAntarAkAMkSotthApakatAvacchedakavai jAtyavattve sati kArakatvena kriyAnvayitve sati For Private and Personal Use Only

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144 vaiyAkaraNa-sidAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kArakAntarAnvayAyogyatvam / 'sAdhyatvaM' ca kriyAntarAkAMkSAnatthApakatAvacchedakaM sat kArakAntarAnvayayogyatAvacchedakarUpavattvam / 'hiruk' prAdyavyayAnAM sAdhyatvAbhAve'pi kriyAvAcakatvavyavahArastu kiyAmAtravizeSaNatvAt / tatra siddhatvaM 'pAkaH' ityAdI ghaAdivAcyam / sAdhyatvaM tu sarvatraiva dhAtupratipAdyam / nanu hariM 'nameccet sukhaM yAyAt' ityatra 'kriyAyA" api kriyAntarAkAMkSatvena siddhatvam astIti cenna / 'cet'-zabda samabhivyAhAreNa akAMkSotthApanAd-ityAhuH / yahAM ('kriyA' kI sAdhyatA ke prasaGga meM) kucha (vidvAn) kahate haiM ki dUsarI kriyA kI AkAMkSA kI utthApakatA kA avacchedaka (paricAyaka) evaM ('sAdhya' kriyA kI apekSA) vilakSaNa dharma se yukta hote hue tathA kAraka ke rUpa meM kriyA ke sAtha 'anvayI' hote hue dUsare kArakoM ke sAtha anvita ho sakane kI ayogyatA 'siddhatva' hai / aura dUsarI kriyA kI akAMkSA kI anutthApakatA kA avacchedaka (bodhaka) hote hue anya kArakoM ke sAtha anvaya kI yogyatA ke paricAyaka dharma se yukta honA 'sAdhyatA' hai| 'hiruka' (chor3akara) Adi avyayoM meM 'sAdhyatA' ke na rahane para bhI unameM kriyA kI vAcakatA kA vyavahAra to kevala unake kriyA-vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa hotA hai| isa prasaGga meM 'pAkaH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'siddhatva' 'dha' Adi pratyayoM kA artha hai / 'sAdhyatA' to sarvatra hI dhAtu ke dvArA (hI) kathita hotI hai| 'hari nameccet sukhaM yAyAt' (yadi viSNu ko praNAma kare to sukha ko prApta ho) isa (prayoga) meM (namet) kriyA meM bhI, dUsarI ('yAyAt') kriyA ko AkAMkSA hone ke kAraNa 'siddhatA' hai-yaha kahA jAya to ucita nahI hai kyoMki 'cet' zabda kI samIpatA ke kAraNa (hI) yahAM AkAMkSA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai (usake abhAva meM nhiiN)| atra kecita-'kriyA' ke svarUpa-vivecana ke isa prasaGga meM nAgeza ne bhartRhari kI jina do kArikAoM ko Upara uddha ta kiyA hai usameM se pahalI meM prayukta 'siddha' tathA 'prasiddha' (sAdhya) kI apanI paribhASA dene se pUrva lekhaka ne sambhavata: kauNDabhaTTa dvArA prastuta paribhASA kA, yahAM 'kecit' kaha kara, ullekha kiyA hai / 1. ha., vaMmi0 meM kriyAyA:' pada anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 145 siddhatvaM vaijAtyavatve sati-isa paribhASA ke anusAra "siddha' bhAva ke liye tIna vizeSatAoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / pahalI yaha ki usameM dUsarI 'kriyA' kI AkAMkSA kI utthApakatArUpa dharma vidyamAna ho, arthAt dUsarI 'kriyA' kI akAMkSA ko utpanna karane kI zakti usameM ho| "kriyAntArAkAMkSotthApakatA' rUpa yaha dharma, 'sAdhya' kriyA meM vidyamAna dharma kI apekSA, eka vilakSaNa dharma hai, arthAt 'sAdhya' kriyA yA bhAva meM yaha dharma nahIM hotA ki vaha dUsarI 'kiyA' kI AkAMkSA ko utpanna kara sake / jaise-jaba 'pAkaH' kahA jAtA hai to isa prakAra kI AkAMkSA utpanna hotI hai ki isake sAtha anvita hone vAlI 'kriyA' kauna sI hai ? isa rUpa meM dUsarI kriyA kI AkAMkSA kI utthApakatArUpa zakti 'pAkaH' ityAdi zabdoM meM vidyamAna hai| kArakatvena kriyAnvayitve sati-dUsarI vizeSatA yaha ki 'siddha bhAva ke vAcaka zabda svayaM 'kAraka' ke rUpa meM upasthita hote haiM aura 'kAraka' ke rUpa meM hI ve kriyA ke sAtha anvita hote haiM / jaise-'pAkaH' Adi zabda kisI na kisI 'kAraka' ke rUpa meM 'asti' ityAdi kiyAoM ke sAtha anvita hote haiN| kArakAntarAnvayAyogyatvam-tIsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki, 'siddha' bhAva ke vAcaka ye zabda svayaM 'kAraka' haiM isaliye, inakA anvaya kisI anya kAraka' ke sAtha nahIM hotA kyoMki 'kAraka' ke sAtha to 'kriyA' hI anvita ho sakatI hai, 'kAraka' nhiiN| __ vastuta: jaba 'kriyA' samApta ho cukI hotI hai tabhI use 'siddha' mAnA jAtA hai / kriyA ke 'siddha' yA pUrNa ho jAne ke kAraNa yahAM vaha dravya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai, kriyA, kriyA na raha kara, 'kAraka' bana jAtI hai aura anya kriyAoM se anvita hone lagatI hai| parantu 'kAraka' hone ke kAraNa dUsare 'kAraka' se sambaddha hone kI kSamatA usameM nahIM rhtii| 'siddha' bhAvoM ke isa svarUpa ko bRhadevatAkAra zaunaka ne nimnakArikA meM vyakta kiyA hai :-- kriyAbhinivRttivazopajAtaH kRdantazabdAbhihito yadA syAt / saGkhyA-vibhakti-vyaya-liMgayukto bhAvastadA dravyamivopalakSyaH // (bRhadevatA 1.45) ___ 'siddhatva' kI jo paribhASA Upara dI gayI usakI tIna vizeSatAoM meM se yadi kevala antima ko hI paribhASA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA to bhI kArya cala jAtA parantu pUrNa spaSTIkaraNa ke liye ina tonoM vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAdhyatvam pravacchedakarUpavattvam-'siddhatva' ke ThIka viparIta 'sAdhyatva' kA svarUpa hai| yahAM kriyAntara kI AkAMkSA kI utthApakatA nahIM pAyI jaatii| 'sAdhya' svayaM 'kriyA' hai isaliye usameM dUsarI kriyA kI AkAMkSA svabhAvataH nahIM rahatI, ve to 'kAraka' hote haiM jo kriyA kI apekSA rakhate haiN| _ 'sAdhya' bhAvoM kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki una meM 'kArakoM' se anvita hone kI yogyatA pAyI jAtI hai kyoMki, 'sAdhya' bhAva to 'kriyA' hI haiM isaliye, ve 'kArakoM' ke sAtha hI anvita ho sakate haiM (dra0 vaibhUsA0, pR0 101) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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146 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA bhAvoM ko 'ghaJ' zrAdi pratyaya kahate haiM yA hai jabaki 'sAdhya' bhAva, arthAt kriyA ko tatra siddhatvam dhAtupratipAdyam - zabda kI svAbhAvika zakti ke anusAra 'siddha' 'ghaJ' Adi pratyayoM kA vAcyArtha 'siddha' bhAva kevala dhAtu hI sarvatra kahatI hai, arthAt tiGanta padoM ke dvArA hI 'sAdhya' bhAva (kriyA) ko kahA jA sakatA hai / dra0-- 7 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir " sAdhyatvena kriyA tatra dhAturUpanibandhanA / sattvabhAvastu yastasyAH sa ghaJAdinibandhanaH // [ 'sAdhyatA' kI vAstavika paribhASA ] 'ghaJ' Adi 'kRt' pratyaya 'siddha' bhAva (dravya bhAva ) ko kahate haiN| isako batAne vAlI vaiyAkaraNoM kI eka aura paribhASA hai - "kRdabhihito bhAvo dravyavad bhavati " ( mahA0 2. 2.16), arthAt 'kRt' pratyayoM ke dvArA kahA gayA 'bhAva' dravyavat hotA hai / ( vApa0 3.8.48 ) vastutaH 'sAdhyatvam' niSpAdyatvam eva / tadrupeNaiva bodhaH / spaSTaM cedam " upapadam atiG " ( 2.2.16 ) ityAdI bhASye / nanu 'ghaTaM karoti' ityAdI dravyasyApi sAdhyatvena pratItiriti cenna / 'karoti' - pada samabhivyAhArAt / tathA pratyaye'pi svato ghaTAdipadAd dravyasya siddhatvenaiva pratIteH / vastutaH niSpAdyatA hI 'sAdhyatA' hai-usI rUpa meM kriyA kA jJAna hotA hai, aura yaha "upapadam pratiG" ityAdi sUtroM ke bhASya meM spaSTa hai / 'ghaTaM karoti' (ghar3A banAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM dravya (ghaTa) kI bhI 'sAdhyatA' rUpa se pratIti hotI hai - yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki 'karoti' pada kI samIpatA ke kAraNa utpAdyatArUpa se jJAna hone para bhI svayaM 'ghaTa' Adi zabdoM se dravya (ghaTa) ko 'siddhatva' rUpa se pratIti hotI hai / 'siddhatva' tathA 'sAdhyatva' kI, kauNDabhaTTa Adi ko abhimata, paribhASA dene ke uparAnta nAgezabhaTTa 'sAdhyatva' kI apanI paribhASA dete haiN| nAgezabhaTTa ke vicAra meM 'sAdhyatA' kA sIdhA artha 'niSpAdyatA' hai aura 'siddhatva' kA artha hai 'niSpannatA' | For Private and Personal Use Only stos kI paribhASA isaliye svIkArya nahIM hai ki usameM yaha Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai ki 'sAdhya' meM dUsarI kriyA kI prAkAMkSA ko utpanna karane kI kSamatA na ho / parantu mahAbhASya meM pataJjali ne 'pacati bhavati' jaise prayoga kiye haiM jisameM 'bhavati' ko 'pacati' kriyA kI AkAMkSA kA utthApaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / dra0 - ' pacati kriyAH bhavati kriyAyAH karthyo bhavanti" (mahA 01.3.1, pR0 167 ) / isaliye 'sAdhyatva' kI

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dhAtvartha - nirNaya isa paribhASA kA, pataMjali ke ina prayogoM se, virodha upasthita hotA hai / isake atirikta 'bhuktvA gacchati' jaise prayogoM meM 'bhuktvA' ko 'sAdhya' athavA kriyA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki yahA~ bhI 'bhuktvA' kriyA, 'gacchati' kriyA-viSayaka, AkAMkSA ko utpanna karatI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "upapadam pratiG" ityAdau bhASye - " upapadam pratiG' ( pA02.2.16) tathA "suT kAt pUrvaH " ( pA0 6.1.135) sUtroM meM pataJjali ne yaha siddhAnta sthira kiyA hai ki dhAtu kA sambandha pahale 'sAdhanoM ' ( kArakoM) se hotA hai / usake bAda upasargaM se usakA sambandha hotA hai kyoMki sAdhana kriyA ko banAte haiM- " pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate, pazcAd upasargeNa, sAdhanaM hi kriyAM nirvartayati" / yahA~ mahAbhASya meM kriyA ke 'nirvartana' kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai usI ko, apanI paribhASA - "sAdhyatvaM niSpAdyatvam eva" - kI puSTi ke liye, nAgeza ne pramANa ke rUpa meM yahAM saMketita kiyA hai / [ 'as' ityAdi dhAtumroM kI kriyArUpatA ] 147 'karoti' - padasamabhivyAhArAt pratIteH - 'ghaTaM karoti' jaise prayogoM meM 'ghaTa' kI 'sAdhya' yA 'niSpAdya' rUpa meM jo pratIta hotI hai vaha 'ghaTam' pada ke sAtha 'karoti' pada ke uccAraNa ke kAraNa hotI hai| dravya svabhAvataH 'siddha' hote haiM parantu kriyA pada ke sAmIpya se unameM 'sAdhyatA' yA utpAdyatA A jAtI hai / yadi kevala dravya zabda ( 'ghaTa' Adi) kA prayoga kiyA jAye to unakI 'siddhatA' yA niSpannatA kA rUpa spaSTa pratIta hotA hai / isIliye pataJjali ne kahA - " svabhAvasiddha N tu dravyam " ( mahA0 1.3.1), arthAt dravya svabhAva se 'siddha' (niSpanna) hotA hai tathA siddha-svabhAva vAlA hone ke kAraNa hI dravya ke vAcaka 'nAma' zabdoM kI paribhASA meM "sattvapradhAnAni " (nirukta 1.1), arthAt 'nAma' zabdoM meM 'siddha' bhAva pradhAna hotA hai, kahA gayA / " asti bhavati-vartati - vidyatInAm arthaH sattA / sA ca granekakAlasthAyinI iti kAlagata paurvAparyeNa kramavatI iti tasyAH kriyAtvam / satteha grAtmadhAraNam / 'as', 'bhU', vRt', 'vid' (dhAtuoM) kA artha sattA hai / aura vaha sattA aneka kAla (kAla-viSayaka parimANa, arthAt ghaNTA, minaTa, sikaNDa prAdi) taka sthira rahane vAlI hai / isaliye kAla meM vidyamAna paurvAparya yA kramikatA ke kAraNa yaha (sattA) kramavatI hai| yaha usa (sattA) kA kriyAtva hai / yahA~ sattA kA tAtparya hai Atma dhAraNa / For Private and Personal Use Only yadi 'sAdhyatA' kA abhiprAya 'niSpAdyatA' mAnA jAya, jisameM, bhartRhari ke uparyukta kathana ke anusAra, eka vizeSa krama honA cAhiye, to 'asti', 'bhavati' jaise prayogoM' ko kriyApada nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki ina dhAtuoM kA artha hai sattA aura sattA se 'siddhatA' kI abhivyakti hotI hai jisameM kramarUpatA nahIM rahA karatI /

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148 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isI AzaMkA kA uttara yahA~ nAgeza ne diyA hai| sattA kA artha hai Atma-dhAraNa, isaliye sattA meM bhI AtmadhAraNAnukUla-vyApAra hotA hI hai / ata: usameM bhI 'niSpAdyatA' hai tathA kramikatA isa rUpa meM hai ki jitane samaya taka sattA rahatI hai usa AdhArabhUta samaya meM kramikatA hotI hai| usa kAlagata kramikatA kA Aropa sattA meM karake sattA ko bhI kramika mAna liyA jAtA hai| yoM to kAla bhI akhaNDa evaM kramarahita hai parantu use samajhane tathA samajhAne ke liye - vyavahArika buddhi ke santoSa ke liye-usameM bhI varSa, mAsa, pakSa, saptAha, dina, ghaNTA Adi aneka khaNDoM tathA avayavoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| samaya ke ina kalpita avayavoM ke kAraNa samaya ko kramika mAna kara tathA kamikatA kA Aropa sattA rUpa vyApAra meM karake use bhI kramika mAna liyA jAtA hai| isI bAta ko bhartahari ne vAkyapadIya kI nimna kArikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai - prAtmabhUtaH kramo'pyasyA yatredaM kAladarzanam / paurvAparyAdirUpeNa pravibhaktamiva sthitam // (vApa0 3.1.37) isa sattA kA svarUpabhUta kama bhI tabhI (vyakta) hotA hai jaba kAla-viSayaka darzana, paurvAparyAdirUpa se, (aneka kalpita avayavoM yA khaNDoM meM) ba~TA huA sA mAnA jAtA ['sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' ko paribhASA] 'sakarmakatvam' ca phalavyadhikaraNavyApAravAcakatvam / phala-samAnAdhikaraNavyApAra-vAcakatvam 'akarmakatvam / kvacitta phalAMzAbhAvAd 'akarmakatvam' / yathA'asti'prAdau kevalaM sattAdirevArthaH / phalAMzasya sUkSmadRSTayA'pyapratIteH / 'utpannasya sattvasya svarUpadhAraNarUpAM sattAm prAcaSTe astyAdiH" iti niruktoktezca / phala ke Azraya se bhinna Azraya vAle vyApAra' kA vAcaka honA 'sakarmakatva' tathA phala ke Azraya se abhinna Azraya meM rahane vAle 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka honA 'akarmakatva' hai / kahIM kahIM para to 'phala' aMza ke sarvathA abhAva ke kAraNa 'akarmakatA' mAnI jAtI hai| jaise 'asti' (hai) Adi (kriyApadoM) meM kevala sattA Adi hI artha haiM kyoMki (inameM) 'phala' aMza kI pratIti sUkSma dRSTi se bhI nahIM ho pAtI tathA "utpanna hue dravya kI prAtmadhAraNarUpa sattA ko 'asti' Adi (prayoga) kahate haiM" yaha nirukta (ke kartA yAska) kA kathana hai| 1. tulanA karo-nirukta (1.2); astItyutpannasya sattvasya avadhAraNam (naacm)| For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha nirNaya 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' kI apanI paribhASA dene se pUrva nAgeza yahAM kauNDabhaTTasammata paribhASA dete haiM / kauNDabhaTTa ke vaiyyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra meM 'sakarmaka' tathA 'makarmaka' kI paribhASA ke lie bhaTTojI dIkSita kI nimna kArikA prastuta kI gayI hai : :- phala pArayorekaniSThatAyAm prakarmakaH / dhAtustayordharmibhede sakarmaka udAhRtaH // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( dhAtvarthanirNaya, kArikA saM0 13, pR0 8 ) 146 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ke eka adhikararaNa meM rahane para dhAtu 'akarmaka' tathA dharmI, arthAt - 'phala' aura 'vyApAra' rUpa dharma se yukta do zrAzraya, ke bhinna bhinna hone para dhAtu ' sakarmaka' kahI gayI hai / isa kArikA ke Azaya ko hI nAgeza ne yahA~ apanI paMktiyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai / kArikA ke 'ekaniSThatA' pada kA artha kauNDabhaTTa ne 'ekamAtraniSThatA' kiyA hai, arthAt kevala eka adhikaraNa yA Azraya meM hI donoM 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' kA rahanA yA dUsare zabdoM meM bhinna adhikaraNa meM 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' kA na rahanA / isI liye 'gam' zrAdi dhAtutroM meM 'phala' ke kartR' niSTha hone para bhI unheM 'akarmaka' nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki vahAM 'phala' karmastha bhI hai / ataH eka adhikaraNa meM hI 'phala' nahIM hai / 'asti' prAdau kedalaM sattAdirevArtha: - 'as' Adi dhAtuoM kA artha kevala sattA hI hai / isa kAraNa yahAM 'phala' aMza kI pratIti hotI hI nahIM / isaliye isa prakAra kI dhAtutroM ko, 'phala' aMza ke na hone ke kAraNa, 'akarmaka' mAna liyA jAtA hai / vastutaH ina dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM bhI yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yahAM bhI apanI sattA ko dhAraNa karane rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla 'vyApAra' kI pratIti hotI hai / parantu svadhAraNAtmaka 'phala' tathA tadanukUla 'vyApAra' donoM hI eka adhikaraNa 'kartA' meM hI vidyamAna haiM / isaliye ina dhAtutroM ko sakarmaka' nahIM mAnA jaataa| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmadhAraNarUpa 'phala' kA bhUta 'karma' 'kartA' meM hI antarbhUta ho jAtA haiM - 'kartA' se pRthak usakI sattA nahIM hai / isaliye zrAzraya-bhinnatA ke na hone ke kAraNa 'as' Adi dhAtutroM ko 'akarmaka' hI mAnA jAtA hai / 'as' Adi dhAtuoM kI isa sthiti ko nimna kArikA meM bhartRhari ne spaSTa kiyA hai AtmAnam zrAtmanA bibhrad zrastIti vyapadizyate / antarbhAvAcca tenAsau karmaraNA na sakarmakaH // ( vApa0 3.3.47 ) For Private and Personal Use Only apanI sattA ko apane dvArA dhAraNa karatA huA, arthAt sattAnukUla vyApAravAn hotA huA, (vyakti) 'asti' isa prayoga ke dvArA kahA jAtA hai| (parantu isa ( sattA rUpa 'phala' ke prazrayabhUta) 'karma' ke dvArA vaha ('as' dhAtu) 'sakarmaka' nahIM hotI kyoMki 'karma' ( yahAM 'kartA' meM) antarbhUta huA rahatA hai / parantu nAgeza ne saMbhavata: 'sattA-dhAraNa' ko 'phala' na mAnate hue yahAM phalAMza kI atIta kI bAta kahI hai /

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150 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ['sakrarmaka' tathA 'prakarmaka' ko niSkarSabhUta paribhASA] vastutastu zabdazAstrIyakarmasaMjJakArthAnvayyarthakatvaM 'sakarmakatvam' / tadananvayyarthakatvam 'akarmakatvam' / tena 'adhyAsitA bhUmayaH' ityAdisiddhiH / "adhi'zIGa sthAsAm" (pA0 1.4.46) ityanena 'bhUmayaH' ityAdhArasya 'krm'tvm'| anvayazca pRthagabuddhena saMsargarUpaH / 'anvaya'-padasya tatraiva vyutpatteH / tena 'jIvati' ityAdau na doSaH / tatra prANAdirUpa-karmaNo dhAraNArtha-dhAtvarthAt pRthag abodhAd iti "supa prAtmana0" (pA0 3.1.8) iti sUtre bhASye spaSTam / vastutaH vyAkaraNazAstrIya 'karma'-saMjJaka artha se anvita hone vAlA artha hai jina dhAtuoM kA ve 'sakarmaka' tathA usase anvita na hone vAlA artha hai jina dhAtuoM kA ve 'akarmaka' haiM / isI kAraNa 'adhyAsitA bhUmayaH' (bhUmiyoM para baiThA gayA) ityAdi prayogoM kI siddhi hotI hai| ('adhyAsitA bhUmayaH' isa prayoga meM) 'bhUmayaH' isa AdhAra kI "adhi-zIGa sthA-prAsAM karma" isa (sUtra) se 'karma' saMjJA hai| (ataH 'karma' saMjJaka artha se anvita hone ke kAraNa 'As' dhAtu yahA~ sakarmaka hai)| pRthaga rUpa se jJAta (padArtha) ke sAtha sambandha (hI) 'anvaya' hai kyoMki 'anvaya' zabda kI usa (artha) meM hI 'zakti' hai| isaliye 'jIvati' (jItA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM doSa nahIM hai kyoMki 'prANa' Adi rUpa 'karma kA, ('jIva') dhAtu ke (prAraNa) dhAraNa karanA' isa artha se, pRthak jJAna nahIM hotA, yaha bAta "supa AtmanaH kyac" isa sUtra ke bhASya se spaSTa hai| Upara pradarzita kauNDabhaTTa kI 'sakarmaka-akarmaka'-viSayaka vyavasthA ke anusAra una dhAtuoM ko, jinameM deza, kAla Adi ko karma mAnA jAtA hai, athavA 'adhi' upasarga ke sAtha 'zI', 'sthA' aura 'pAs' dhAtuoM yA isa prakAra kI sthiti vAle anya dhAtuoM ko, 'sakarmaka' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki inameM 'phala' se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' kI vAcakatA nahIM hai / isaliye ina dhAtuoM se 'karma' meM 'lakAra' yA 'kta' Adi pratyaya nahIM pA sakate / isa kAraNa nAgeza ne yahAM 'sakarmaka' kI apanI nayI paribhASA 'vastustu' kaha kara dI hai| 1. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM "adhi'karmatvam" yaha pUrA vAkya, yahAM ke dUsare gadyAMza, "anvayazca "bhASye spaSTam" ke pazcAt paThita milatA hai| artha evaM prakaraNa kI saMgati kI dRSTi se uparilikhita pATha hI ucita hai| ha0 meM bhI yahI pATha hai| tulanA karo-lama0 e0565 / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 151 nAgeza kI paribhASA ---"zabdazAstrIya 'karma' saMjJaka artha se anvita artha vAle dhAtu 'sakarmaka' haiM" ke anusAra 'adhyAsitAH bhUmayaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'prAs 'Adi dhAtuoM kI 'sakarmakatA' siddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki vyAkaraNa ke sUtra "adhizIGsthAsAM karma" ke anusAra 'adhi' upasarga ke sAtha 'As' dhAtu ke prayoga meM 'AdhAra' kI karma saMjJA hotI hai| isaliye 'karma' saMjJaka 'bhUmi' rUpa artha se anvita hone vAle artha kA vAcaka hone ke kAraNa 'adhi+pAsa' ko 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAyagA / anvayazca pRthagabuddha na saMsargarUpaH-yahAM 'anvaya' kA artha hai dhAtvartha se pRthag jJAta 'karma' se anvita honaa| isa kAraNa 'jIv' dhAtu ko 'sakarmaka' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vahA~ 'jIva' kA apanA hI artha hai 'prANa-dhAraNe' (prANoM kA dhAraNa krnaa)| yahA~ 'prANa' rUpa 'karma' dhAtvartha meM hI antarbhUta hai-usase pRthak nahIM hai / "supa prAtmanaH0"iti sUtre bhASye-"supa prAtmanaH kyac" isa sUtra ke bhASya meM 'kyaca'pratyayAnta dhAturoM ko 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAya yA nahIM ? isa prazna ke uttara meM, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA gayA ki iS' dhAtu, jisake artha meM 'kyac' pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, 'sakarmaka' hai| isaliye kyajanta dhAtu ko bhI 'sakarmaka' mAnanA cAhiye / parantu bhASyakAra pataMjali ne isa pUrvapakSa kA uttara dete hue yaha kahA ki -"abhihitaM tatkarmAntarbhUtaM dhAtvarthaH sampannaH / na cedAnIm anyat karma asti yena sakarmaka: syAt" arthAt 'putrIya' Adi nAmadhAtuoM ke dvArA hI vaha artha kaha diyA gayA / ataH vaha 'karma' antarbhUta hokara dhAtvartha meM hI hI samAviSTa ho gyaa| aba koI anya 'karma' hai nahIM jisake kAraNa use 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAya / 'putrIyati mANavakam' (mANavaka ke sAtha putra ke samAna vyavahAra karatA hai) isa prayoga meM to do 'karma'--'upamAnakarma' tathA 'upameyakarma' haiN| isaliye 'upamAnakama' ke antarbhUta ho jAne para bhI, 'upameyakama' se anvita artha vAlA hone ke kAraNa, dhAtu 'sakarmaka' ho jAtI hai| ['jA' dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra] 'jAnAteH' viSayatayA jJAnaM phalam / prAtmamanaHsaMyogo vyApAraH / ata eva 'mano jAnAti' ityupapadyate / aAtmAtrAntaHkaraNam, mano'pi tadvRttivizeSarUpam / "prAtmA' prAtmAnaM jAnAti' ityAdau antaHkaraNAvacchinnaH karttA zarIrAvacchinnaM karma iti "karmavat" (pA0 3.1.87) sUtre bhASye spaSTam / 'jJA' dhAtu kA, 'viSayatA' sambandha se (rahane vAlA), jJAna 'phala' hai tathA AtmA aura mana kA (jJAnAnukUla) saMyoga 'vyApAra' hai| isaliye 'mano jAnAti' 1. ha0 tathA lama0 (pR0582) meM 'AtmA' anupalabdha / 2. ha0, vaMmi0 -- zarIrAvacchinnaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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152 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjuSA ( mana jAnatA hai) yaha prayoga upapanna hotA hai / yahA~ AtmA antaHkaraNa hai tathA mana bhI antaHkaraNa kA vRtti vizeSa hai / 'AtmA AtmAnaM jAnAti ' (AtmA AtmA ko jAnatA hai) ityAdi ( prayogoM) meM " antaHkaraNAvacchinna (AtmA) 'kartA' hai tathA zarIrAvachinna (AtmA) 'karma' hai", yaha "karmavat karmaraNA tulyakriyaH" isa sUtra ke bhASya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / 'STT' dhAtu ke 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ke viSaya meM nAgeza kA mata yaha hai ki, ghaTa, paTa Adi viSaya haiM jisakA aisA, jJAna hI 'jJA' dhAtu kA 'phala' hai tathA usa jJAna ke anukUla jo AtmA tathA mana kA saMyoga vahI 'vyApAra' hai / isIliye 'mano jAnAti' isa prayoga meM 'mana ke jAnane' kI bAta susaMgata ho pAtI hai| AtmA kA artha yahA~ 'antaH karaNa' tathA mana kA artha hai antaHkaraNa kI koI viziSTa vRtti / 'AtmA' zabda ko indriyoM kA upalakSaraNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki mana se yukta indriyA~ jJAna kA kAraNa mAnI gayI haiM / dra0 - " manasA saMyuktAni indriyANi upalabdhau kAraNAni bhavanti " ( mahA0 3.2.115 ) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'AtmA AtmAnaM jAnAti' isa prakAra ke prayoga isaliye kiye jAte haiM ki vahA~ do prakAra ke zrAtmAoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai - antarAtmA aura zarIrAtmA / inameM pahale ko 'kartA' tathA dUsare ko 'karma' mIna liyA gayA / "karmavatkarmaraNA tulyakriyaH " sUtra ke bhASya meM zrAtmA kI dvividhatA kI bAta spaSTataH nimna zabdoM meM svIkAra kI gayI hai :- " dvau zrAtmAno antarAtmA zarIrAtmA ca / antarAtmA tatkarma karoti yena zarIrAtmA sukhadukhe anubhavati / zarIrAtmA tatkarma karoti yena antarAtmA sukhadukhe anubhavati / [ 'zrAvaraNa- bhaGga' athavA 'viSayatA' ko 'jJA' dhAtu kA 'phala' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ] yattu - prAvaraNabhaGgo viSayatA vA phalam vyApArastu jJAnam eva - tanna, karmasthakriyakatvApatteH / tad-vyavasthA cettham uktaM hariNA 1. 2. vizeSadarzanaM yatra kiyA tatra vyavasthitA / kriyA - vyavasthA tvanyeSAM zabdaireva prakalpitA' // vApa0 3.7.66 asyArthaH:-yatra karmaNi kartari vA kiyAkRto vizeSaH kazcid dRzyate tatra kriyA vyavasthitA ityucyate / nanvevaM pacyAdikartaryapi zramAdirUpavizeSasya darzanAd idam grayuktam / kiMca 'cintayati', 'pazyati' ityAdInAM kartRsthabhAvakatvAnupapattiH / kartari kiyAkRta vApa0 - prakAzyate / ha* -- kartRsthabhAvakatvAnApattiH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 153 vizeSAbhAvAt / ata aAha-'anyeSAm' iti / 'mate' iti zeSaH / yatra kartR-karma-sAdhAraNarUpaM phalaM zabdena pratipAdyate sa kartR sthabhAvakaH / yathA-'pazyati ghaTam', 'grAma' gacchati', 'hasati' ityaadau| tatra viSayatA-samavAyAbhyAM jJAnam ubhayaniSTham / saMyogazca ubhayaniSThaH / evaM hAso'pi / na hi viSayatA-yAvaraNabhaGa gau evam / yatra katravRtti-karmastha-phalaM sa karmasthabhAvakaH / yathA-'bhinatti' ityAdau / nahi dvidhA-bhavanAdi kathamapi kaniSTham- iti helArAjaH / tathA ca prAvaraNabhaMgasya viSayatAyAzca karma-mAtraniSThatvAt 'jAnAte' api karmastha-kriyakatvApattirityalam / jo-(vidvAn) yaha kahate haiM ki 'jJA' dhAtu meM) AvaraNa kA vinAza athavA viSayatA (viSaya honA) 'phala' hai tathA 'vyApAra' to jJAna hI hai-- vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki (aisI sthiti meM) 'jJA' dhAtu ko 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnanA pdd'egaa| usa ('karmastha-kriyaka' tathA 'kata stha-kriyaka' dhAtuoM) kI vyavasthA bhata hari ne isa prakAra kahI hai : __"jisa ('kartA' yA 'karma') meM kriyAkRta vizeSatA dikhAyI de vahAM kriyA vyavasthita hotI hai| parantu anya AcAryoM ke mata meM zabdoM (dhAtuoM) se hI kriyA kI ('kartA' yA 'karma' meM) sthiti mAnI jAtI hai|" isa (kArikA) kA abhiprAya hai-jahAM 'karma' yA 'kartA' meM kriyA-kRta koI vizeSatA dikhAI de usa 'karma' yA 'kartA' meM kriyA ko vyavasthita mAnA jAtA hai / parantu isa prakAra 'pac' Adi (dhAtuoM) ke 'kartA' meM bhI zrama Adi rUpa kriyAkRta vizeSatA ke dekhe jAne ke kAraNa yaha (mata) anucita hai| isake atirikta 'cintayati' (socatA hai), 'pazyati' (dekhatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM meM vidyamAna 'cint' tathA 'dRz') dhAtuoM ko 'kartR sthabhAvaka' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki inake 'kartA' meM koI kriyAkRta vizeSatA nahIM pAyI jaatii| 2. 1. nisa0, kAprazu0-yogazca / tulanA karo-vApa0 3.7.66, helArAja TIkA; yatra kartari karmaNi vA vizeSaH kazcit paridRzyate tatra kriyA vyavasthitA iti boddhavyam anyeSAM mate kriyA-vyavasthA zandaireva prakAzyate / etad ukta bhavati--ye'pi karmasthabhAvakAH pacyAdayas tatrApi kartaryapi parizramAdiko vizeSaH paridRzyate / tato naitad vyavasthApaka-'vizeSa-darzanaM yatra tatra kriyA' iti / tasmAc chandaireva ca yatra vizeSaH prakAzyate pratipAdyate tatraiva kriyA sthitA iti vakta yuktam / zabdapramANakAnAM zabda eva yathA yathA artham abhidhatta tathaiva tasyAbhidhAnam upapannam / na tu vastu-mukhApekSitayA / zabdazca 'pazyati ghaTam' ityAdI dRzikriyA-viSayam aviziSTam evaM pratyAyayati / 'kASThaM bhinatti' ityAdau tu bhidi-kriyA-viSayaM savizeSam abhidhatte iti tadvazenaiva kartasthabhAvakatvaM karmasthabhAvakatvaM cAbhidhAnIyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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154 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA isaliye bhartRhari ne 'anyeSAm 0 ' yaha ( anya prAcAryoM ke mata meM ityAdi) kahA / ( yahA~ 'anyeSAm', isa kathana meM) 'mate' (mata meM) yaha zeSa hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jahAM 'kartA' tathA 'karma' donoM meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAlA 'phala', zabda (arthAt usa 'dhAtu') se, kahA jAya vaha 'kartRsthabhAvaka' kriyA hai / jaise-- 'pazyati ghaTam' (ghar3e ko dekhatA hai), 'grAmaM gacchati' (gAMva jAtA hai), 'hasati' ( ha~satA hai) ityAdi meM ( 'dRz', 'gam' aura 'has' dhAtue~) / vahA~ ( ina prayogoM meM kramaza:) jJAna, (darzanarUpa 'jJAna) ke viSaya banane' ke sambandha se ('karma' ghaTa meM) tathA 'samavAya' sambandha se ('kartA' jJAtA meM rahane ke kAraraNa), ubhayaniSTha ('karma' tathA 'kartA' donoM meM rahane vAlA) hai / ( 'gam' dhAtu kA artha ) saMyoga bhI ( gantA tathA grAma donoM meM hone se ) donoM ('kartA' - jAne vAlA - tathA 'karma' - grAma) meM hai / isI prakAra ('has' dhAtu kA artha ) hAsa bhI ( donoM 'kartA' tathA 'karma' meM ) hai / 'AvaraNabhaGga' tathA 'viSayatA' isa prakAra ke ('kartA' tathA 'karma' donoM meM sAdhAraNarUpa se rahane vAle) nahIM haiM (ve to kevala 'karma' meM rahane vAle haiM) / 'karmasthabhAvaka' vaha dhAtu hai jahAM 'kartA' meM na rahatA huA 'phala' (kevala ) 'karma' meM ( hI ) rahatA hai / jaise - ' bhinatti ' ( phAr3atA hai) ityAdi meM do Tukar3e honA Adi ( 'phala') kabhI bhI 'kartA' meM nahIM pAye jA sakate - yaha helArAja kI vyAkhyA hai / isa rUpa meM, 'AvaraNabhaGga' tathA 'viSayatA' doMnoM ke kevala 'karma' meM rahane vAlA hone ke kAraNa ( unheM 'phala' mAnate hue), 'jJA' dhAtu ke 'karmasthakriyaka' hone kI aniSTa sthiti upasthita hotI hai / yattu .....jJAnameva - vedAntiyoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki jaba hama kisI vastu kA pratyakSa karate haiM to hamArA antaHkaraNa jJAnendriyoM dvArA usa vastu ke pAsa pahu~ca kara usake AkAra ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / isI sthiti ko vRtti yA jJAna kahA jAtA hai| isa jJAna se usa ajJAta vastu para par3e AvaraNa ( parade ) kA bhaGga yA vinAza ho jAtA hai / isa 'prAvaraNabhaGga' ko hI vedAntI 'phala' mAnate haiM / kauNDabhaTTa bhI 'AvaraNabhaGga' ko hI 'phala' mAnate haiM ( dra0 - vaibhUsA0 pR0 64 ) / dUsarA naiyAyikoM kA pakSa yaha hai ki jo vastue~ jJAta hotI jAtI haiM ve jJAna kA viSaya banatI jAtI haiM / isa 'viSayatA' ( viSaya bananA) ko hI kucha loga 'phala' mAnate haiM / parantu 'AvaraNabhaGga' yA 'viSayatA' ko 'phala' mAnane meM yaha doSa upasthita hotA haiM ki 'jJA' dhAtu 'karmasthakriyaka' bana jAtI hai kyoMki ye donoM hI ( ' AvaraNabhaGga' tathA 'viSayatA' -rUpa) 'phala' karmastha haiM ('karma' meM vidyamAna haiM) tathA 'karmasthaphala' vAlI kriyAyeM 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnI jAtI haiN| 'jJA' dhAtu ke 'karmasthakriyaka' hone para " karmavat karmaraNA tulyakriya:" sUtra ke anusAra 'jJAyate ghaTaH svayameva' isa asAdhu prayoga ko bhI sAdhu mAnanA par3egA kyoMki isa sUtra meM 'karmasthabhAvaka' tathA 'karmasthakriyaka' dhAtuoM ke 'kartA' ko 'karmavat' banAyA jAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 155 tavyavasthA ca - 'karmasthakriyaka' tathA 'kartR sthakriyaka' dhAtuoM kI vyavasthA ke viSaya meM nAgeza ne yahAM bhartRhari kI kArikA uddhata kI hai jisameM do mata prastuta kiye gae haiN| pahale mata meM sAmAnyatayA itanA hI mAnA jAtA hai ki jahA~ kriyA se utpanna vizeSatA 'karma' meM dikhAI de vaha 'karmasthakriyaka' dhAtu hai tathA jahA~ kriyA se utpanna vizeSatA 'kartA' meM dikhAI de vaha 'kartR sthakriyaka' dhAtu hai / parantu isa vyavasthA ko mAnane para aneka 'karmasthakriyaka' dhAtuoM ko 'katR sthakriyaka' mAnanA par3atA hai| jaise'pac' Adi dhAtuoM meM pAcana kriyA se utpanna zrama Adi vizeSatAyeM 'kartA' meM dikhAI detI haiM, isaliye isa prakAra kI dhAtuoM ko 'kartR sthakriyaka' mAnanA hogaa| isake atirikta 'cinta' tathA 'dRz' ityAdi dhAtue~, jo 'kartR sthakriyaka' mAnI jAtI haiM, isa vyavasthA ko mAnane para 'kartR sthakriyaka' nahIM bana pAtI kyoMki socane yA dekhane Adi kriyAoM se 'kartA' meM koI vizeSatA nahIM dRSTigocara hotI / isaliye kArikA ke uttarArdha meM 'anyeSAm0' ke dvArA eka dUsarI, siddhAntabhUta, vyavasthA ko prastuta kiyA gyaa| siddhAntabhUta mata yaha hai ki zabdoM, arthAt dhAtuoM, se abhivyakta vizeSatA ke AdhAra para hI dhAtu ko 'karmasthakriyaka' yA 'kartR sthakriyaka' mAnanA cAhiye / jahA~ aisI vizeSatA kI abhivyakti dhAtu se ho jo 'kartA' tathA 'karma' donoM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se mileM vaha 'kata sthabhAvaka' yA 'karta sthakriyaka' dhAta hai| jaise--'ghaTaM pazyati', 'grAmaM gacchati'. tathA 'duSTaM hasati' ityAdi prayogoM meM kramazaH 'dRz', 'gam' tathA 'has' dhAtuoM ke dvArA 'darzana', 'saMyoga' tathA 'hAsa' rUpa 'phala' kI abhivyakti isa rUpa meM hotI hai ki ve 'kartA' tathA 'karma' donoM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se milate haiN| 'ghar3A' darzana kA viSaya banatA hai, 'grAma' saMyoga kA viSaya banatA hai tathA 'duSTa vyakti' hAsa kA viSaya banatA hai / isaliye 'viSayatA' sambandha se ye 'phala' yA vizeSatAyeM 'karma' (ghar3e, grAma tathA duSTa vyakti) meM haiM tathA 'samavAya' sambandha se ye 'phala' 'kartA, (ghar3e ko dekhane vAle, gA~va jAne vAle tathA duSTa vyakti ke Upara ha~sane vAle) meM bhI haiN| isalie ye sabhI dhAtue~ 'kartR sthakriyaka' mAnI jaayNgii| ataH 'kartR sthakriyaka' hone ke kAraNa -'dRzyate ghaTaH svayameva' athavA 'gamyate grAmaH svayameva' ityAdi prayoga sAdhu nahIM mAne jAte kyoMki "karmavat karmaNAtulyakriyaH" sUtra kevala 'karmasthakriyaka' dhAtuoM ke hI kartA ko 'karmavadbhAva' kA vidhAna karatA hai| jahAM dhAtu se aise 'phala' kI abhivyakti hotI hai jo 'kartA' meM na ho tathA kevala 'karma meM ho usa dhAtu ko 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnanA cAhiye / jaise-'bhid' Adi dhAtuoM se abhivyakta hone vAle bhedana yA phaTanA Adi 'phala' kevala 'karma' meM hI pAye jAte haiM--- kabhI bhI 'kartA' phAr3ane vAle vyakti meM nahIM pAye jAte / ataH unheM 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnA jAtA hai / isa kAraNa 'bhidyate ghaTa: svayameva' ityAdi prayoga sAdhu mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra isa siddhAnta bhUta mata ke anusAra 'jJA' dhAtu ko, usakA 'phala' prAvaraNabhaGga' yA 'viSayatA' mAnane para, 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnanA hogA kyoMki ye donoM hI 'phala' kevala 'ghaTa' Adi 'karma' meM hI rahate haiM, kabhI bhI 'kartA' (jAnane vAle vyakti) meM nahIM rahate / aura 'jJA' dhAtu ko 'karmasthakriyaka' mAnane para "karmavat karmaNA0" sUtra ke anusAra 'jJAyate ghaTa: svayameva' jaise aniSTa prayogoM ko bhI sAdhu mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataH For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'AvaraNabhaGga' yA viSayatA' ko 'jJA' dhAtu kA 'phala' na mAnakara, 'ghaTa' Adi 'karma' haiM viSaya jisake aise, jJAna ko hI 'phala' mAnanA cAhiye / 'kata sthabhAvaka' tathA 'karmasthabhAvaka'--'karmasthabhAvaka' tathA 'karmasthakriyaka' zabdoM ko tathA 'kartR sthabhAvaka' tathA 'kartR sthakriyaka' zabdoM ko nAgeza ne yahA~ paryAya ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / 'bhAva' aura 'kriyA' haiM bhI lagabhaga paryAyavAcaka shbd| isI liye pANini ke sUtra "yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam" (pA0 2.3.37) meM 'bhAva' pada se kriyA kA grahaNa bhI abhipreta hai tathA "lakSaNahetvoH kriyAyAH" (pA0 3.2.126) meM "kriyA' pada se bhAva kA grahaNa bhI abhipreta hai| bhartRhari kI kArikA ke "vizeSa darzanaM yatra kriyA tatra vyavasthitA" isa aMza kI vyAkhyA meM helArAja ne bhI yahI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki bhartRhari kI dRSTi meM yahAM 'kriyA' tathA 'bhAva' donoM abhinna artha ke vAcaka hai / dra0"vizeSamanapekSya sUtrakArAbhiprAyeNa kriyA'pi bhAvo'bhidhIyate iti TIkAkArasya (bhartR hareH) abhiprAyaH / tathA ca 'lakSaNahetvoH kriyAyAH', 'yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam' ityAdAvabheda eva sUtrakArasya kriyAbhAvayozcetasi vartate" (prakAza TIkA vApa0 3.7.66) / mahAbhASya kI vArtika "karmasthabhAvakAnAM karmasthakriyANAM ca" (3.1.87) meM 'karmasthabhAvaka' tathA 'karmasthakriyaka' zabdoM ko, paraspara paryAya na mAnate hue, bhinna-bhinna artha kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai / yahAM 'karmasthabhAvaka' kA udAharaNa 'prAsayati devadattam' (devadatta ko baiThAtA hai) 'zAyayati devadattam' (devadatta ko sulAtA hai) ityAdi prayoga haiM tathA 'karmasthakriyaka' ke udAharaNa haiM-'gAm avaruNaddhi' (go ko rokatA hai), 'kaTaM karoti' (caTAI bunatA hai)| isI prasaMga meM mahAbhASya meM 'kartR sthakriyaka' tathA 'kartR sthabhAvaka' zabdoM ko bhI bhinna-bhinna arthoM vAlA mAnA gayA hai| kAzikA (3.1.87) meM uddhata nimna kArikA meM 'karmasthabhAvaka', 'karmasthakriyaka' tathA 'kartR sthabhAvaka' aura 'kartR sthakriyaka' ina cAroM ke alaga-alaga cAra udAharaNa diye gaye haiM karmasthaH pacaterbhAvaH karmasthA ca bhideH kriyA / mAsAsibhAvaH kartR sthaH kasthA ca gameH kriyA // mahAbhASya kI pradIpa TIkA meM Upara kI vArtika ke 'bhAva' tathA 'kriyA' pada kI paribhASA karate hue kaiyaTa ne kahA ki spandana (gati athavA ceSTA) se rahita sAdhana ke dvArA sAdhya jo dhAtvartha vaha 'bhAva' hai tathA spandana-sahita sAdhana se sAdhya dhAtvartha kriyA hai / dra0 --"aparispandasAdhana sAdhyadhAtvartho bhAvaH saparispandasAdhanasAdhyA tu kriyaa'| parantu vAkyapadIya ke TIkAkAra helArAja ko 'bhAva' tathA 'kriyA' kA yaha vibhAga, paribhASA athavA vyavasthA svIkArya nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi meM 'pacyate ghaTa: svayameva' (ghar3A svayameva pakatA hai), jise 'karmastha bhAvaka' kA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai, meM bhI saparispanda sAdhana kI sthiti mAnI jA sakatI hai / dra0 -- "yattvaparispandasAdhanasAdhyo bhAva ityAdilakSaNamabhidhAya karmasthaH pacaterbhAvaH ityAdikamabhidadhati tadagyavyavasthitamiva lakSyate / tathA ca pIlupAke 'ghaTaM pacati' iti ghaTasyAnalasamparkAdavayavakriyAdvAreNAvayavasaMyogavinAzapUrvakaM pUrvapUrvakAryavinAze uttarottarakAryadravyavinAzAt saparispandaparamANuviSayapAkakriyApi / tatazcAvyavasthitamevavat' (prakAza TIkA, vApa0 3.7.66) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 157 iti helArAjaH-yahAM helArAja kA nAma lene kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM dikhAI detI kyoMki yaha vyAkhyA nAgeza kI apanI hai| helArAja kI vyAkhyA se yahAM thor3A sA bhI aMza uddhata nahIM kiyA gayA hai / prArambha ke do eka vAkya thor3e bahuta avazya milate haiM para koI anya samAnatA nahIM hai| hAM vyAkhyA kA abhiprAya, kArikA kI dRSTi se, samAna hI hai / ataH sambhavataH abhiprAya kI dRSTi se hI yahAM nAgeza ne helArAja kA nAma liyA hai| ['iS' dhAtu kA artha] icchatericchAnukUlaM' jJAnam arthaH / atItAnAgatayorapi buddhyupArohAt phalazAlitvam / 'iS' (dhAtu) kA icchA (rUpa 'phala') ke anukUla hone vAlA jJAna (-rUpa 'vyApAra') artha hai / bhUta tathA bhaviSyat kAla kI vastueM bhI, (tAtkAlika) buddhi kA viSaya banane ke kAraNa, (icchA rUpa) 'phala' kA Azraya ho jAtI haiN| yahAM prasaMgataH 'iS' dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 'iS' dhAtu kA 'phala' 'icchA' hai tathA icchAnukUla jo jJAna vahI 'vyApAra' hai / yahAM yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki 'icchA' rUpa 'phala' kA pAzraya to ve hI vastueM ho sakatI haiM jo icchA karane vAle kI icchA ke samaya meM vidyamAna hoN| bhUta tathA bhaviSyat kAla kI vastueM icchA kA viSaya kaise bana sakatI haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA ki buddhi meM una vastuoM ke upasthita hone ke kAraNa pratIta tathA anAgata kI vastueM bhI icchA kA viSaya bana jAtI haiN| ['pat' dhAtu kI 'sakarmakatA' tathA 'akarmakatA' ke viSaya meM vicAra] patiH gamivat sakarmakaH, 'narakaM patitaH' ityAdi-prayogAt / vibhAga-janya-saMyogamAtra-paratve 'akarmakaH' iti / 'pat' dhAtu, 'gam' dhAtu ke samAna, 'sakarmaka' hai kyoMki 'narakaM patitaH' (naraka meM girA) ityAdi prayoga dekhe jAte haiM / 'vibhAga se utpanna saMyoga' itanA hI artha mAnane para ('pat' dhAtu) 'akarmaka' hai| 'pat' dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM do mata haiN| pahalA yaha hai ki vibhAga se utpanna saMyoga rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla 'vyApAra' 'pat' dhAtu kA artha hai / isa mata meM 'pat' dhAtu ko 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki saMyogarUpa 'phala' ke AzrayabhUta 'naraka' Adi kI 1. ha.- icchAnukUlajJAnam / 2. ha0-iti bodhyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 158 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA "" vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'karma' saMjJA hai aura usase anvita artha kA vAcaka hone ke kAraraNa 'pat' dhAtu kI ' sakarmakatA, uparyukta paribhASA - "zabda- zAstrIya-karma-saMjJAkArthAnvayyarthakatvaM sakarmakatvam" - ke anusAra, siddha hai| isa dhAtu ko 'sakarmaka' mAnate hue hI pANini kA "dvitIyA zritAtIta 0 ( pA0 2.1.24 ) sUtra, jo 'patita' zabda ke sAtha 'dvitIyAtatpuruSa' samAsa kA vidhAna karatA hai, susaMgata ho pAtA hai / dra0 - " pranye tu bhUmyAdeH karmatva-vivakSAyAM 'bhUmiM patitaH' iti prayoga iSTa eva / ataeva 'dvitIyA zrita0' ityAdisUtreNa 'narakaM patitaH' ityAdi sthale dvitIyAsamAsa - vidhAnam apyupapadyate " (vyutpattivAdaH, dvitIya kAraka - prathama khaNDe patati karma vicAraH) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dUsarA mata yaha hai ki 'pat' dhAtu kA artha kevala 'vibhAga se utpanna saMyoga' hI hai-- vibhAga- janya saMyoga ke anukUla hone vAlA 'vyApAra' nhiiN| isa mata meM 'pat' dhAtu ko 'akarmaka' mAnA jAtA hai / yahAM saMyoga ko hI vyApAra mAna liyA gayA / vRkSa se vibhakta hue binA bhI, zrI prAdi ke kAraNa, zAkhA ke jhukane se, bhUmi ke sAtha patte kA saMyoga ho sakatA hai / parantu isa sthiti meM 'pat' dhAtu kA prayoga nahIM hotA / isa kAraNa vibhAga- janya saMyoga ko hI 'pat' dhAtu kA artha mAnA gayA / ['kR' dhAtu kA artha ] kRJa isa prakAra, vibhAga- janya saMyoga ko hI 'pat' dhAtu kA artha mAnane para, ghAtvartha meM 'phala' aMza ke na hone ke kAraNa usakA prAzrayabhUta 'karma' bhI nahIM hogA / isaliye 'karma' se anvita na hone vAle artha kA vAcaka hone ke kAraNa, " tadananvayyarthakatvam akarmakatvam" isa paribhASA ke anusAra, 'pat' dhAtu ko 'akarmaka' mAnanA hogA / utpattivyadhikaraNastadanukUlo vyApAro'rthaH / 'phalamAtrArthakatve grakarmakatvApattiryativat / kiMca karmasthabhAvakatvAbhAvAt karmakartari yagAdyanApattiH / 'kRtiH' ityAdau dhAtUnAm anekArthatvAt yatnamAtre vRttiH / yad vA 'yatna' - ' kRti ' zabdayorapi vyApArasAmAnyavAcitA eva / ataeva " sthAlIsthe yatne pacinA kathyamAne 'sthAlI pacati" iti " kArake" ( pA0 1.4.23) iti sUtre bhASye uktam / 'kRJ' (dhAtu) kA "utpatti se bhinna adhikaraNa vAlA, utpatti (rUpa 'phala') ke anukUla, vyApAra" artha hai / isakA 'phala' - mAtra ( kevala yatna) artha mAnane para 'yat' (dhAtu) ke samAna ( isa 'kR' dhAtu ko bhI) 'akarmaka' mAnanA par3egA tathA (isa rUpa meM isake ) 'karmasthabhAvaka' na hone ke kAraNa, karmakarttA meM 'ya' Adi pratyayoM kI prApti nahIM hogI / ' kRtiH' (yatna) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM, dhAtuoM kI anekArthakatA ke kAraNa, kevala 'yatna' artha meM ('kR' dhAtu kI) 1. ha0 yatna / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 156 zakti mAnanI cAhiye, athavA 'yatna' aura 'kRti' donoM zabdoM ko sAmAnya 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka mAna lenA cAhiye / isIliye ('yatna' zabda ko 'vyApAra'sAmAnya kA vAcaka mAnane ke kAraNa hI) kArake' isa sUtra ke bhASya meM yaha kahA gayA ki "sthAlI (patIlI) meM hone vAle yatna (sAmAnya 'vyApAra') ko 'pac' dhAtu ke dvArA kahe jAne para 'sthAlI pakAtI hai, yaha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai'- yaha vicAra yahAM paryApta hai| kutra utpattivyadhikaraNa"arthaH-'kR' dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM bhI do mata haiN| eka mata meM utpatti rUpa 'phala' ke adhikaraNa (prAzraya) se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle tathA utpatti rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla hone vAle vyApAra' ko 'kR' dhAtu kA artha mAnA jAtA hai / isa mata meM 'kR' dhAtu kI 'sakarmakatA' bhI siddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki utpattirUpa 'phala' se bhinna Azraya ('kartA') meM hone vAle 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka 'kR' dhAtu hai isaliye, 'phala-vyadhikaraNa-vyApAra-vAcakatvaM sakarmakatvam' isa, kauNDabhaTTa-abhimata, paribhASA ke anusAra bhI, 'kR' dhAtu 'sakarmaka' bana jAtI hai| anya lAbha isa mata meM yaha hai ki 'kR' dhAtu 'karmastha-bhAvaka' ('karmasthakriyaka') bana jAtI hai kyoMki 'kR' dhAtu yahA~ 'kartA' meM na rahane vAle tathA kevala 'karma' meM rahane vAle 'phala' kA bodhaka banatA hai| yaha mata vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM kA hai| isI kA nirdeza nAgeza ne yahA~ kiyA hai| phalamAtrArthakatve akarmakatvApattiyativat-dUsarA mata yaha hai ki 'kR' kA artha kevala 'phala' arthAt 'yatna' hai / utpatti ke anukUla 'vyApAra' nhiiN| yaha mata naiyAyika vidvAnoM kA hai| isa mata meM do doSa upasthita hote haiN| pahalA yaha ki 'kR' dhAtu 'akarmaka' bana jAtI hai kyoMki, jisa prakAra 'yatna' tathA yatnAnukUla 'vyApAra' donoM hI 'kartA' meM hote haiM isaliye prayatna artha vAlI 'yat' dhAtu, "phala-samAnAdhikaraNa-vyApAra-vAcakatvam akarmakatvam" isa paribhASA ke anusAra, 'akarmaka' mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra, kevala 'yatna' artha mAnane para 'kR' dhAtu bhI 'akarmaka' bana jaaygii| karmasthabhAvakatvAbhAvAt karmakartari yagAdyanApattiH-dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki 'kR' dhAtu 'karmasthabhAvaka' nahIM bana pAtI kyoMki isa mata meM 'kR' kA artha kevala 'yatna' hai aura 'yatla' cetana kA dharma hone ke kAraNa 'karoti' ityAdi ke 'karma', acetana 'ghaTa' Adi, meM nahIM raha sakatA / ataH yahAM 'yatna' rUpa 'phala' 'karma' meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / isaliye, kevala 'karma' meM rahane vAle 'phala' ke vAcaka dhAtuoM ko hI 'karmasthakriyaka' mAne jAne ke kAraNa, 'kR' dhAtu ko 'karmasthakriyaka' nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 'kR' dhAtu ke 'karmasthakriyaka' na hone para, 'karmavat karmaNA tulyakriyaH' (pA. 3.1.87) sUtra se, 'karmakartA' meM 'karmavadbhAva' kI prApti nahIM hogI kyoMki yaha sUtra kevala 'karmasthabhAvaka' tathA 'karmasthakriyaka' dhAtuoM ke 'karmoM ke, jo 'kartA' ke rUpa meM vivakSita hote haiM, 'karmavadbhAva' kA vidhAna karatA hai| isa prakAra 'karmavadbhAva' na hone para 'kriyate ghaTaH svayameva' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'yak' Adi pratyayoM kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| yahA~ 'yak' se sambaddha 'pAdi' pada se 'Atmanepad', 'ciNa', 'ciraNavadbhAva' Adi kArya abhipreta haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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160 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'kRtiH' ityAdau yatnamAtre vRttiH-- yadi prathama mata ke anusAra 'kR' dhAtu kA artha, 'yatna' na mAna kara, 'utpatti' rUpa 'phala ke anukUla hone vAlA 'vyApAra' artha mAnA gayA to yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki 'kRtiH' ityAdi prayogoM meM, jo 'kR' dhAtu se niSpanna haiM, kevala 'yatna' artha kaise kathita hotA hai ? isakA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA ki dhAtue~ aneka arthoM vAlI haiM isaliye 'kRti' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'kR' dhAtu ko 'yatla' artha kA vAcaka mAna lenA caahiye| yat vA 'yatna'-'kRti'-zabdayorapi 'ityalam-uparyukta prazna kA dUsarA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA ki 'kRtiH' tathA 'yatna' ina donoM zabdoM ko sAmAnya 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye tathA isa 'yatna' zabda ko kevala mana ke 'vyApAra' rUpa yatna kA vAcaka nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / aisA mAnane para 'kRti' kA artha 'yatna' karane para bhI koI doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki sAmAnya 'vyApAra' kA kathana to kisI bhI dhAtu se ho sakatA hai / "yatna' zabda sAmAnya vyApAra' kA vAcaka hai" apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM nAgeza ne "kArake" (pA0 1.4.23) sUtra ke bhASya ke eka aise sthala kI ora saGketa kiyA hai jahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaba vaktA kI yaha icchA hotI hai ki patIlI meM hone vAle 'yatna' (sAmAnya pAcana 'vyApAra') ko kahA jAya to vaha 'sthAlI pacati' kA prayoga karatA hai| yadi yahAM bhI pataMjali ke vAkya -- "sthAlIsthe yatne kathyamAne" meM vidyamAna 'yatna' kA mano-vyApAra' artha kiyA jAya to vAkya sarvathA asaMgata ho jAyagA kyoMki mana kA 'vyApAra' rUpa 'yatna' patIlI meM kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataH 'yatna' kA artha sAmAnya 'vyApAra' mAnanA cAhiye aura vahI 'kRti' kA bhI vAcyArtha hai / "kArake" iti sUtre bhASye-yadyapi "kArake' (1.4.23) sUtra ke bhASya meM eka sAtha aisA kathana nahIM milatA jaisA nAgeza ne yahA~ uddha ta kiyA hai| parantu vahIM ke do sthAnoM ke vAkyoM ko eka sAtha milA kara dekhane se isa prakAra kA prAzaya prakaTa ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se draSTavya-"droNaM pacati ADhakaM pacati iti sambhavana-kriyAM dhAraNakriyAM ca kurvatI sthAlI pacatItyucyate'' (pR. 348) tathA "evaM tarhi sthAlIsthe yatne kathyamAne sthAlI svataMtrA" (pR0 352) / ['laMkArArtha' ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta] yatta tAkikA:-phalavyApArau dhaatvrthH| lakArANAM kRtau eva zaktiH, lAghavAt, na tu kartari, kRtimataH kartRtvena tatra zaktau gauravAt, prathamAntapadenaiva tllaabhaacc| aAkhyAtArthe dhAtvartho vizeSaNam, prakRtyarthapratyayArthayoH sahArthatve pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyAt / prathamAntArthe prAkhyAtAoM vizeSaNam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 161 anukUlatvam aAzrayatvaM ca saMsargaH / tathA ca 'caitraH pacati' ityAdau 'viktRttyanukUlavyApArAnukUlakRtimAMzcaitraH' iti bodha: / 'ratho gacchati' ityAdau rathasya acetanatvAt yatnazUnyatvena vyApAre pAzrayatve vA pAkhyAtasya lakSaNA-- ityAhuH / naiyAyika jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' dhAtu ke artha haiM aura 'lakAra', lAghava ke kAraNa, 'kRti' ('yatna') ke vAcaka haiM na ki 'kartA' ke' kyoMki 'kartA' ke kRtimAn (yatnavAn) hone se usa ('kartA') meM 'lakAroM' kI vAcakatA mAnane meM gaurava hai tathA prathamA vibhaktyanta (devadatta Adi) pada ke dvArA hI 'kartA' kA jJAna ho jAtA hai (isaliye unheM 'lakAroM' kA vAcya mAnane kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM hai)| 'pAkhyAta' ('tiGa' vibhaktiyoM) ke artha meM dhAtu kA artha 'vizeSaNa (apradhAna) hotA hai kyoMki prakRtyartha tathA pratyayArtha ke eka sAtha upasthita hone para 'pratyaya' ke artha kI pradhAnatA mAnI gayI hai| (isake atirikta) prathamA vibhaktyanta padoM ke artha meM 'tiGa' (vibhaktiyoM) kA artha 'vizeSaNa' (apradhAna) hotA hai / ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra' meM aura 'vyApAra' tathA 'kati' meM) 'anukUlatA' aura (' tirtha' tathA 'prathamAntArtha' meM) 'pAzrayatA' sambandha hai| isaliye 'caitraH pacati' (caitra pakAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "viklitti' (galanA rUpa 'phala') ke anukUla (jo pAcana rUpa) 'vyApAra' (usa) ke anukUla (jo) 'kRti' (usa) kA prAzraya caitra" yaha bodha hotA hai / 'ratho gacchati' (ratha jAtA hai) ityAdi meM, ratha ke acetana hone ke kAraNa 'yatna'-zUnya hone se, 'vyApAra' athavA 'AzrayatA' (artha) meM tiGa' kI lakSaNA mAnanI caahiye| lakArANAM kRtAveva zaktiH-naiyAyika vidvAn lakAroM yA unake sthAna para Aye 'tip' Adi vibhaktiyoM kA vAcya artha 'kRti' yA 'yatna' mAnate haiM / vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ke samAna ve ina vibhaktiyoM kA artha 'kartA' nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki 'kartA' artha mAnane meM gaurava hai kyoMki 'kartA' ko vAcya mAnane kA abhiprAya hai 'kRtimAn' ko vAcya mAnanA tathA 'kRtimAn' meM ananta 'kRtiyoM ke samAviSTa rahane se una saba ko 'lakAroM' kA vAcya mAnanA hogA-ataH 'kartA' ko vAcya mAnane meM gaurava hai / yadyapi 'kRti' ko vAcya mAnane para bhI ananta kRtiyoM ko vAcya mAnanA hogA parantu isa pakSa meM gaurava isaliye nahIM hai ki ananta kRtiyoM meM kRtitva 'jAti' eka hai use hI vAcya mAna lene se lAghava banA rahatA hai| lAghava ke atirikta, 'lakAroM kA 'kRti' artha mAnane meM, dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki vAkya meM vidyamAna prathamA vibhaktyanta devadatta Adi padoM se hI 'kartA' kA bodha ho jAtA hai phira use 'lakAroM' kA vAcyArtha mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA? 1. ha. meM 'vyApAre Azrayatve vA' ke sthAna para 'vyApAre' tathA vaMmi0 meM 'Azraye' pATha milatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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162 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta- parama - laghu- maMjUSA kyoMki eka nyAya hai "ananyalabhyaH zabdArthaH " ( zabda kA vAcyArtha vahI hotA hai jo sAtha ke anya zabda se jJAta na ho ) / isa nyAya ke anusAra 'tiGa' kA vAcyArtha 'kartA' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usakA jJAna prathamA vibhakti vAle padoM se hI ho jAtA hai / zrAkhyAtArthe dhAtvarthI vizeSaraNam - isa prasaGga meM naiyAyika dUsarI bAta yaha mAnate haiM ki AkhyAtArtha ( 'tiG' ke artha 'kRti') meM dhAtu kA artha 'vizeSaNa' (pradhAna) hotA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'tiG' kA artha ( ' kRti') 'vizeSya' athavA pradhAna hotA hai tathA dhAtu kA artha ('phala' aura 'vyApAra') 'vizeSaNa' arthAt grapradhAna yA gauNa / aisA ve isaliye mAnate haiM ki "prakRtyartha tathA pratyayArtha ke eka sAtha upasthita hone para prakRtyartha kI apekSA pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai" yaha eka svIkRta nyAya hai| yahAM bhI dhAtu 'prakRti' hai tathA 'tiG' ' pratyaya' hai / ataH unake arthoM meM pratyayArtha ('tiGartha' arthAt 'kRti ' ) ko pradhAna mAnanA hI cAhiye / 'AkhyAta' zabda kA prayoga yadyapi vyAkaraNa meM dhAtu yA dhAtu se bane kriyA padoM ke liye hI huA hai / nirukta ( 111 ) meM "nAmAkhyAtopasarganipAtAzca" tathA "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam" ityAdi sthaloM meM 'AkhyAta' kA abhiprAya kriyA pada hai / isI prakAra "kriyAvAcakam zrAkhyAtam " ( vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya 511 ) ( prAkhyAtam AkhyAna kriyAsAtatye" (pANinIya garaNapATha, garaNasUtra 272 ) ityAdi sUtroM meM bhI 'prakhyAta ' kA abhiprAya kriyApada hI hai / " tannAma yenAbhidadhAti sattvaM tad prAkhyAtaM yena bhAvaM sa dhAtuH " RkprAtizAkhya (12 / 5 ) ke isa vAkya meM 'AkhyAta' pada kA prayoga kevala dhAtu ke liye kiyA gayA hai / naiyAyika vidvAn 'tiG' pratyayoM ko 'prAkhyAta' kahate haiN| yahAM nAgeza ne bhI, naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se, 'tiG' ke liye 'AkhyAta' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / yahAM jo 'prAkhyAtArtha ( 'tiGa' ke artha 'kRti') kI pradhAnatA kI bAta kahI gayI vaha kevala kartRvAcaka pratyayoM kI dRSTi se mAnanA cAhiye - karmavAcaka pratyayoM kI dRSTi se nahIM / naiyAyika vidvAn "laH karmariNa0 " ( pA0 3.4.69 ) sUtra kI vRtti ke 'karma' tathA 'kartR ' padoM ko bhAva- pradhAna mAnate hue unakA artha kramazaH 'karmatva' tathA kartRtva' karate haiM / isa kAraNa kartRvAcya meM 'lakAra' kA artha 'kartRtva' arthAt 'kRti' hai tathA karmavAcya meM 'karmatva' arthAt 'phala' / parantu yadi ve aisA mAnate haiM to, karmavAcaka 'pratyaya' meM 'lakAra' kA artha 'phala' hai isalie, dhAtu kA artha kevala 'vyApAra' mAnanA hogA / aura taba "phala-vyApArau dhAtvarthaH" ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM dhAtu ke artha haiM) naiyAyikoM kI yaha pratijJA khaNDita ho jAtI hai / prathamAntArthe prAkhyAtArtho vizeSaNam - tIsarI bAta naiyAyika yahAM yaha mAnate haiM ki prathamA vibhaktyanta padoM kA jo 'kartA' Adi artha hotA hai usameM 'AkhyAtArtha ' 'vizeSaNa' (pradhAna) hotA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prathamAnta padoM ke 'kartA' Adi artha pradhAna hote haiM tathA 'AkhyAta' kA artha ( 'kRti') 'kartA' Adi kA 'vizeSaNa' hotA hai, arthAt 'kartA' kI apekSA 'kRti' apradhAna yA gauNa hotI hai| aisA ve sambhavataH, isalie mAnate haiM ki sarvatra jo zAbdabodha hotA hai usameM dhAtvartha yA AkhyAtArtha kI pradhAnatA na hokara prathamAntArtha kI hI pradhAnatA pAyI jAtI hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha - nirNaya anukUlatvam "caMtra iti bodhaH - Upara kI tInoM mAnyatAoM ke pArasparika samanvaya ke liye ve 'anukUlatA' tathA 'prAzrayatA' ina do sambandhoM kI kalpanA karate haiM / isa rUpa meM ve 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' meM aura 'vyApAra' tathA 'kRti' meM 'anukUlatA' sambandha mAnate haiM kyoMki 'vyApAra' 'phala' ke anukUla hotA hai tathA 'kRti' 'vyApAra' ke anukUla hotI hai| isake sAtha hI ve 'kRti' tathA 'prathamAntArtha (kartA) ke bIca 'AzrayatA' sambandha mAnate haiM kyoMki 'kRti' kA Azraya 'kartA' hai / 163 ina saba mAnyatAoM tathA unake pArasparika samanvaya kA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi meM 'caitraH pacati' kA artha hai - "viklati (cAvaloM kA galanA) rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla jo 'vyApAra' usake anukUla jo 'kRti' ('yatna' ) usakA Azraya caitra" / ratho gacchatItyAdI lakSaNetyAhuH parantu Upara kI prakriyA meM doSa vahAM pratA hai jahA~ 'kartA' koI acetana padArtha ho / jaise- 'ratho gacchati' (ratha jAtA hai) / yahA~ ratha acetana hai, ataH usameM 'kRti' yA yatna ho hI nahIM sakatA kyoMki yatna cetana kA dharma hai / isalie "saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla jo gamana 'vyApAra' usake anukUla jo yatna usakA 'zrAzraya ratha" yaha artha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isa AkSepa kA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA ki aise sthaloM meM 'vyApAra' yA 'prAzrayatA' rUpa artha meM prakhyAta kI 'rUr3ha' lakSaNA kara leMge / isakA spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki, gamanAnukUla jo 'kRti' usa mukhyArtha meM ratha kA anvaya na hone ke kAraNa, 'AkhyAta' kA artha lakSaNA vRtti se 'vyApAra' kiyA jAegA aura taba artha hogA-"gamanAnukUla jo 'vyApAra' usase yukta ratha" / parantu 'vyApAra' meM lakSaraNA mAnane para bhI yaha doSa dikhAI detA hai ki yadi ratha ko gamanAnukUla 'vyApAra' se yukta mAnA gayA to phira jisa samaya ratha meM ghor3e nahIM jute hote tathA vaha yoM hI par3A hotA hai, usa samaya bhI 'ratho gacchati' jaise prayoga hone lageMge / isalie eka dUsare vikalpa ke rUpa meM yaha prastAva rakhA gayA ki 'vyApAra' ke sthAna para 'AzrayatA' meM 'prAkhyAta' arthAt 'tiG' kI lakSaNA mAnI jAya / dUsare zabdoM meM 'tiG' kA artha yahA~ 'prazrayatA' hai 'vyApAra' nahIM / isa 'AzrayatA' meM lakSaraNA mAnane para koI doSa nahI AtA kyoMki ratha gamanAnukUla vyApAra kI prAzrayatA se yukta to hai hI, arthAt usameM gamanAnukUla 'vyApAra' to hotA hI hai, bhale hI vaha vyApAra svayaM usI kA na ho, ghor3e Adi anya sAdhanoM kA ho / For Private and Personal Use Only isa prakAra naiyAyikoM ke isa mata ko, usakA khaNDana karane ke lie, yahA~ pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / laghumaMjUSA ke tiGarthanirUparaNa ke prakaraNa meM isa mata kA ullekha navya mImAMsakoM ke nAma se kiyA gayA hai tathA vahIM vistAra se isa mata kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / parantu palama0 tathA lama0 ke ye prasaMga eka dUsare se sarvathA bhinna haiM / dra0 - "yadapi kartradhikaraNe navyamImAMsakAH - phalAvacchinna- vyApArAnukUlaH kRtyAdirAkhyAtArthaH / sa ca vyApAratvenaiva / kRtyAdi vyApArastu vizeSyatvAnurodhAt tiG vAcyaH / ' ratho gacchati' ityAdI prAzrayatvam eva tiGarthavyApAraH " ( lama0 pR0 750 ) / pUre prasaMga ke lie draSTavya - lama0 pR0 750-56 /

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164 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [nayAyikoM ke prathama siddhAnta-'lakAroM kA artha 'kRti' hai-kA khaNDana] tat na / yuSmad-asmadorlakAreNa sAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvAt purussvyvsthaanaaptt':| 'pacantaM caitraM pazya', 'pacate devadattAya dehi' ityAdau 'zatR-zAnac' prAdInAm api 'tip'aAdivat lAdezAvizeSeNa tebhyaH kRtimaatr-bodhaaptteshc'| na ceSTApattiH / AzrayAyi-bhAvena karmaNi' sampradAne ca kRteranvayAd iti vAcyam, 'nAmArthayor abhedAnvayo vyutpannaH' iti vyutpattibhaGgApatteH / nanu 'phalamukhagauravaM na doSAya' iti nyAyena 'zatR' AdInAM kartari zaktiH, 'tip' prAdInAM kRtau eva iti cet, na / "sthAnyeva vAcako lAghavAt AdezAnAM bahutvena teSAM vAcakatve gauravam" iti hi tava matam / evaM ca tibAdInAM zatrAdInAM ca sthAni-smArakatayA lipisthAnIyatvaM bodhakastu lakAra eva / sa ca zatrAdyante kartari zaktaH tibAdyante kathaM kRti bodhayet, "anyAyazcA nekArthatvam" iti nyAyAt / baha ('lakAroM' kA artha 'kRti' hai 'kartA' nahIM yaha mata) ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmad' (ina sarvanAma zabdoM) kI 'lakAra' ('lakAra' ke artha 'kRti') ke sAtha samAnAdhikaraNatA na hone se 'puruSa'- (madhyama tathA uttama 'puruSa') viSayaka vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| tathA 'pacantaM' caitraM pazya (pakAte hue caitra ko dekho) aura 'pacate devadattAya dehi' (pakAte hue devadatta ko do) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'zatR' 'zAnac' Adi (pratyayoM) ke, 'tip' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke samAna, 'lakAra' ke sthAna meM hone vAle 'AdezoM' se abhinna hone ke kAraNa, una ('zatR' 'zAna' Adi) se kevala 'kRti' kA bodha ho sakegA ('karma' tathA 'sampradAna kA nhiiN)| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki-'pAzrayaprAzrayI' sambandha se (aAzrayI arthAt 'kRti' ke Azraya hone ke kAraNa) 'karma' tathA 'sampradAna' meM 'kRti' kA anvaya ho jAne se ('zatR' 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA 1. isake bAda ha0 meM "devadatte na zayyamAne AsyamAne ca yajJadatto gata: iti bhAve zAnaj-anApatta: itanA pATha adhika hai| ha0 meM 'ca' nahIM hai| 3. ha. meM 'vibhaktyarthakarmaNi' pATa hai| 4. ha0, vaMmi0 meM 'sthAnyartha' / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 165 kevala 'kati' artha) iSTApatti hai kyoMki (aisA mAnane se) "nAmArthayoH abhedAnvayo vyutpannaH' (do prAtipadikArthoM meM paraspara abhedAnvaya hI nizcita hai) isa nyAya kA ullaGghana hotA hai / ___ "phalamukhagauravaM na doSAya" (kisI pramukha prayojana kI dRSTi se gaurava ko svIkAra karanA doSa nahIM hai) isa nyAya ke anusAra 'zatR' Adi (pratyayoM) kI 'kartA' meM tathA 'tip' Adi kI 'kRti' meM 'zakti' (vAcakatA) mAnI jAya to (vaha bhI) ucita nahIM kyoMki "lAghava ke kAraNa 'sthAnI' ('lakAra' Adi) hI vAcaka hai, 'AdezoM' ke bahuta hone ke kAraNa unheM vAcaka mAnane meM gaurava hai" yaha to tumhArA (naiyAyika kA hI) mata hai| aura isa prakAra 'tip' Adi tathA 'zatR' Adi (sabhI apane) 'sthAnI' ('lakAra' ke) smAraka (mAtra) hone ke kAraNa lipi ke samAna haiM, (vastutaH) bodhaka to 'lakAra' hI hai / aura vaha 'lakAra', zatR' Adi (pratyaya) haiM anta meM jisa zabda ke usameM, 'kartA' kA vAcaka bana kara, 'tib' Adi jinake anta meM haiM una (kriyA padoM) meM, ('kartA' kA bodha na karA kara) 'kati' kA bodha kaise karAyegA? kyoMki "anyAyazcAnekArthatvam" (eka hI zabda ke aneka artha honA anucita hai) yaha nyAya hai| puruSa-vyavasthAnApatteH- 'lakAroM' kA artha kevala 'kRti' mAnane meM pahalA doSa yaha hai ki 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmad' sarvanAmoM ke sAtha 'lakAra' kA sAmAnAdhikaraNaya na banane se puruSa-viSayaka vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki pANini ne, "yuSmadya papade samAnAdhikaraNe sthAninyapi madhyamaH' (pA0 1.4.105) tathA "asmadya ttamaH" (pA0 1.4.107) ina do sUtroM se, yaha vyavasthA banAyI ki samAna-adhikaraNa, arthAt abhinna vAcyArtha, ke hone para 'yuSmada' tathA 'asmad' kI vidyamAnatA meM kramazaH madhyama tathA uttama puruSa prayukta hoMge / yahAM 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmad' kI samAnAdhikaraNatA 'lakAra' ke sthAna para Aye 'tiG' ke sAtha hI dekhI jA sakatI hai, arthAt yadi 'yusmad' yA asmad' tathA 'tiG' kA vAcyArtha eka hI dravya ko apanA adhikaraNa (viSaya) banAtA hai 'tabhI madhyama tathA uttama puruSa kA prayoga hogaa| spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa 'kAraka' ko 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmada' sarvanAma kaha rahe hoM usI ko yadi 'tiG' vibhakti bhI kahatI ho tabhI kramazaH madhyama tathA uttama puruSoM kA prayoga ho sakatA hai| aba yadi naiyAyikoM ke mata ke anusAra 'lakAra' yA usake 'Adeza' 'tiG' kA artha kevala 'kRti' mAnA jAtA hai ('kartA' Adi nahIM:) to 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmad' kI usake sAtha samAnAdhikaraNatA (vAcyArtha kI ekatA) hI nahIM bana pAtI kyoMki ina donoM sarvanAmoM kA vAcya artha hai kramazaH madhyama tathA uttama puruSa aura dUsarI ora 'tiGa' kA vAcyArtha hai 'kRti' / isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna artha ke hone ke kAraNa samAnAdhikaraNatA kahAM rahI ? zata-zAnajAdInAmapi ....kRtimAtra-bodhApattezca- isake atirikta dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki 'pacantaM caitraM pazya' tathA 'pacate caitrAya dehi' jaise prayogoM meM 'zata' aura 'zAnac' pratyaya bhI kevala 'kRti' kA hI bodha karA sakeMge, 'karma', 'sampradAna' Adi 'kArakoM' kA nahIM kyoMki ye pratyaya bhI "laTaH zatRzAnacAvaprathamAsamAnAdhikaraNe" For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (pA0 3.2.124) sUtra ke dvArA usI prakAra 'lakAra' ke sthAna para Ate haiM jisa prakAra 'tip' Adi vibhktiyaaN| na ceSTApatti:-yahAM yaha kaha kara isa doSa kA nivAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ina uparyukta donoM prayogoM meM kramazaH 'kRti' ke Azraya 'karma' tathA 'sampradAna' haiM isaliye, 'AzrayAzrayI' sambandha se, 'lakAra' kA artha kevala 'kRti' mAnane para bhI, 'kRti' ke dvArA una 'karma' tathA sampradAna' kA prAkSepa ho jAyA karegA kyoMki eka nyAya hai-"nAmArthayorbhedena sAkSAd anvayo'vyutpanna:"-jisakA abhiprAya hai ki samAna vibhakti vAle do prAtipAdikoM ke arthoM meM bheda sambaMdha se una donoM kA sAkSAt sambandhabodha nahIM huA karatA, yA dUsare zabdoM meM abheda sambandha se hI do samAna vibhakti vAle pratipadikArthoM kA paraspara sambandha hotA hai| jaise ---'nIlo ghaTa:' (nIlA ghar3A) isa prayoga meM donoM prAtipadikArthoM kA abhedarUpa se hI paraspara sambandha abhISTa hai-bheda sambandha se nhiiN| yahA~ 'pacantam' tathA 'caitram' athavA 'pacantam' tathA 'devadattam' donoM hI prAtipadika haiM tathA samAna vibhakti vAle haiN| ataH unake arthoM meM 'abheda' sambandha ke atirikta aura koI bhI sambandha-'pAzrayAzrayibhAva' Adi-nahIM svIkAra kiyA jA sktaa| nanu phalamukhagauravaM iti nyAyAt- 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayAnta zabdoM meM upasthita hone vAle isa doSa ke nivAraNa ke liye yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki --- 'zatR' Adi kA artha 'kAraka' hai tathA 'tip' Adi vibhaktiyoM kA artha kevala 'kRti' hai| aisA mAnanA gauravayukta hote hue bhI doSAvaha isaliye nahIM hai ki kisI vizeSa prayojana kI siddhi ke liye apanAyA gayA gaurava (vistAra) doSa nahIM hotA--- "phalamukhagauravaM na doSAya"-yaha eka nyAya hai| parantu yaha kathana isaliye svIkArya nahIM hai ki svayaM naiyAyika yaha mAnatA hai ki lAghava ke kAraNa 'sthAnI' ('lakAra') hI vAcaka hotA hai, 'lakAra' ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'Adeza' nahIM kyoMki 'Adeza' aneka hote haiM, isaliye unheM 'vAcaka' mAnane meM gaurava (vistAra) hai| naiyAyikoM ke hI isa mAnyatA ke AdhAra para yahA~ bhI vAstavika vAcaka to 'lakAra' hI hai / 'tip' aura 'zatR' Adi 'Adeza' to, lipi ke samAna, kevala apane 'sthAnI' kI yAda dilAne vAle haiN| ataH unakA apanA koI arthaM hI nahIM hai| jaba unakA apanA koI artha hI nahIM hai, ve kevala 'lakAra' ke artha ko hI ve prastuta karate haiM, to eka hI 'lakAra' 'zatR'-pratyayAnta zabda meM 'kAraka' ko kahe tathA 'tip' Adi vibhaktyanta prayogoM meM kevala 'kRti' kA bodha karAye isa rUpa meM yaha eka hI zabda kI dvayarthakatA kaise sambhava hai ? kyoMki eka hI zabda kI anekArthakatA ko anucita mAnA gAyA hai-"anyAyazcAnekArthatvam / [naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'lakAra' kA artha 'kRti' mAnane se utpanna doSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka aura upAya tathA usakA khaNDana] nanu 'laH karmaNi" (pA0 3.4.66) iti sUtre 'kartR' 'karma'pade bhAvapradhAne' / tathA ca' kartRtvaM kRtiH, karmatvaM 1. ha.-kartRkarmapadaM bhAvapradhAnam / 2. ha. tathA baMmi0 meM 'ca' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 167 phalaM, tayoH zaktau sUtrasva rasaH / karmapratyayAnte 'pacyate prodano devadattena' ityAdau 'devadatta-niSTha-kRti-janyavyApAra-janya-viklittimAn prodanaH' iti bodhaH / "kartari kRt" (pA0 3.4.67) iti sUtre tu 'kartari' iti padasya dharmipradhAnatvAt kRtyAzraye zatrAdInAM zaktiriti cet ? na / "kartari kRt" iti sUtre yat 'kartR'-grahaNaM tasyaiva "la: karmaNi0" iti sUtre cakArAnukRSTatvena bhAvapradhAnatve sUtrasvarasAbhAvAt / zatrAdInAM 'sthAnyarthAbhidhAnasamarthasyaiva prAdezatvam" iti nyAyena sthAnyarthena nirAkAGkSatvAt "yAkAMkSitavidhAnaM jyAyaH" iti nyAyAt "kartari kRt" ityanena zaktigrahAbhAvAt / anyathA 'devadattena zayyamAne pAsyamAne ca yajJadatto gataH' ityAdau bhAve zAnajanApatteH / "laH karmaNi." isa sUtra (ke artha) meM (vidyamAna) 'kartA' tathA 'karma' zabda bhAva-pradhAna haiM aura isa taraha bhAvapradhAna hone ke kAraNa 'kartA' arthAt kartRtva kA abhiprAya 'kRti' (yatna) tathA 'karma' arthAt karmatva (kA abhiprAya) 'phala' hai| (ataH) una donoM ('kRti' tathA 'phala') ko (kramazaH kartRvAcya tathA karmavAcya meM lakAra kA) vAcyArtha batAne meM sUtra kI saGgati hai| karmavAcya meM 'pacyate odano devadattena (devadatta ke dvArA cAvala pakAyA jAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'devadatta' meM hone vAle 'yatna' se utpanna vyApAra se utpanna hone vAlI viklitti kA prAzraya prodana" yaha bodha hotA hai / parantu "kartari kRt" isa sUtra meM 'kartari' isa pada ke dharmipradhAna ('kartRtA'-rUpa dharma se yukta dharmI, arthAt 'kartA', kA pradhAna rUpa se vAcaka) hone ke kAraNa kRti ke Azraya ('kAraka') meM 'zata' Adi pratyayoM kI vAcakatA-zakti mAnanI cAhiye--yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki "kartari kRt" isa sUtra meM jo 'kartR' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai usI ('kartR' pada) ke "la: karmaNi." isa sUtra meM 'ca' ke dvArA anukRSTa hone (khIMce jAne) ke kAraNa ("laH karmaNi." sUtra meM) use bhAvapradhAna mAnane meM sUtra kI svAbhAvikatA samApta ho jAtI hai| 'sthAnI' ke artha ko kaha sakane meM samartha hI 'Adeza' hotA hai" isa nyAya ke anusAra sthAnI' ('lakAra') ke artha ('kRti') ke dvArA (arthavAn ho jAne se) AkAMkSArahita ho jAne ke kAraNa, "sAkAMkSa (artha) kA vidhAna karanA hI zreSTha hai" isa nyAya se, 1. yaha antima vAkya ha0 tathA vaMmi0 meM anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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168 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'zata' Adi (pratyayoM) ke vAcya-artha kA nirNaya "kartari kRt' (isa sUtra) ke dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA (yadi "kartari kRt" isa sUtra se ina pratyayoM ke vAcyArtha kA nirNaya kiyA gayA to) 'devadattena zayyamAne prAsyamAne ca yajJadatto gataH' (devadatta ke soye jAne tathA baiThe jAne para yajJadatta gayA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'bhAva' ko kahane ke liye 'zAnac' pratyaya kA prayoga nahIM ho skegaa| naiyAyika ke mata meM 'lakAra' kA artha kRti mAnane se 'zata' pratyayAnta zabdoM meM upasthita hone vAle jisa doSa kA Upara pradarzana kiyA gayA usake nirAkaraNa ke liye, naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, eka aura upAya prastuta kiyA gyaa| vaha yaha ki "laH karmaNi." tathA "kartari kRt" ina sUtroM ke arthoM ko badala diyA jAya / "laH karmaNi0" isa sUtra ke artha meM dikhAI dene vAle 'katR' tathA 'karma' padoM ko pradhAnataH bhAva athavA dharma (katatva aura karmatva) kA vAcaka mAnate hue isa sUtra kA yaha artha kiyA jAya ki kartRvAcya meM 'lakAra' kA artha kartRtva ('kRti') tathA karmavAcya meM 'karmatva' ('phala') hotA hai| isake viparIta 'kartari kRt', sUtra meM vidyamAna 'kartR ri' pada ko dharmipradhAna mAnA jAya, arthAt' 'kartR' pada, kartRtva kA vAcaka na hokara, kartRtvarUpa dharma se yukta dharmI ('kartA') kA vAcaka hai yaha mAnA jAya / isa rUpa meM sUtra kA yaha artha kiyA jAya ki "kRt' pratyaya kartA ke vAcaka haiM-kartA ko kahate haiN"| yaha "kartari kRt' sUtra sabhI 'kRt' pratyayoM ke vAcya artha kA nirNaya karatA hai aura 'kRt' pratyayoM meM 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' bhI haiM, isaliye unake vAcyArtha kA nirNaya bhI "kartari kRt" sUtra se hI hogaa| ___ isa rUpa meM eka ora "kartari kRt" sUtra ke anusAra 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyaya 'kartA' yA kriyA ke prAzraya 'kArakoM' ko apanA vAcyArtha banAyeMge to dUsarI ora, 'la: karmaNi." sUtra kI uparyukta vyAkhyA ke anusAra, 'lakAra' kartRvAcya meM 'kRti' ko tathA karmavAcya meM 'phala' ko apanA vAcyArtha banAyeMge / isa prakAra 'zata' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayAnta zabdoM meM dikhAI gayI pUrvokta avyavasthA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai / parantu pUrvapakSI kA yaha prayAsa prAdhAra-rahita hone ke kAraNa asvIkArya hai kyoMki "kartari kRt" sUtra meM jo 'kartari' pada vidyamAna hai usI kA "laH karmaNi ca bhAve." sUtra meM 'ca' ke dvArA anukarSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye, "la: karmaNi" sUtra meM eka hI 'kartR' pada ko bhAvapradhAna mAnanA tathA usI ko "kartari kRt" sUtra meM dharmipradhAna kahanA sarvathA avyavasthita vyAkhyA hai jise kisI prakAra bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ___ isake atirikta yadi isa vyAkhyA ko mAna bhI liyA jAya to agalA prazna yaha hai ki kyA "kartari kRt" sUtra 'zatR' 'zAnac' pratyayoM ke vAcya-artha kA nirNaya kara sakatA hai| yahA~ do bAte socane kI haiM / pahalI yaha ki jo 'lakAra' kA artha hai vahI artha, unake 'sthAna' para Ane vAle, 'Adeza' kA bhI mAnanA hogA-cAhe vaha koI bhI 'Adeza' kyoM na ho / anyathA usa 'Adeza' kI AdezatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| usa 'Adeza' ko, jo 'sthAnI' ke artha ko nahIM kahatA, 'sthAnI' ke sthAna para Ane hI nahIM diyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 166 jaaygaa| isI bAta ko "sthAnyarthAbhidhAnasamarthasyaiva Adezatvam" isa nyAya ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isaliye 'zatR' tathA 'zAna' kA bhI vahI vAcyArtha mAnanA hogA jo unake 'sthAnI' 'lakAra' kA hai / ataH jaba "laH karmaNi." sUtra ke dvArA 'lakAroM' kA artha 'kRti' nizcita kara diyA gayA to usI ko apanA vAcyArtha banAkara 'zatR' tathA 'zAna' bhI, vAcyArtha-nirNaya kI dRSTi se, nirAkAMkSa ho gaye / phira una nirAkAMkSa 'zatR' tathA 'zAna' ke vAcyArtha kA nirNaya "kartari kRt" sUtra dvArA kaise hogA jaba ki "AkAMkSitavidhAnaM jyAyaH" (sAkAMkSa athavA anirNIta zabda ke artha kA vidhAna hI ucita hai) yaha nyAya vidyamAna hai / ataH "kartRri kRt" una, 'zatR' tathA zAnac' se bhinna, pratyayoM ke vAcyArtha kA nirNaya karegA jinakA, "laH karmaNi" jaise kisI anya sUtra dvArA, nirNaya nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi, uparyukta nyAya kA virodha karake, "kartRri kRt" sUtra ke dvArA hI 'zata' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayoM ke artha kA nirNaya bhI kiyA gayA to yaha doSa upasthita hogA ki 'devadattena zayyamAne AsyamAne ca yajJadatto gataH' jaise prayoga nahIM ho sakeMge, jinameM 'bhAva' ko kahane ke liye 'zAnaca' pratyaya prayukta huA karatA hai kyoMki "kartari kRta' sUtra to, naiyAyikoM kI uparyukta paddhati ke anusAra, 'kartA' ko kahane ke liye hI 'zAnac' kA vidhAna kara sakatA hai, 'bhAva ko kahane ke liye nhiiN| ata: yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki, vAcyArtha kI dRSTi se nirAkAMkSa rahane ke kAraNa, 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayoM ke vAcyArtha kA nirNaya "kartari kRt' sUtra dvArA nahIM ho sktaa| ["nAmArthayorabhedenAnvayaH," isa nyAya ke prAdhAra para bhI 'zata' tathA 'zAna' pratyayoM kA artha 'kartA' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA nanu nAmArthayorabhedAnvayAnurodhAt 'zatR'-'zAnac" prAdInAM kartari zaktiriti cet -na / 'pacatikalpaM pacatirUpaM devadattaH' ityAdyanurodhena tikSvapi kattu reva vAcyatvaucityAt / "do (samAnavibhakti vAle) prAtipadikArthoM ke abhedAnvaya" (isa nyAya) ke anurodha se (yadi kevala) 'zata 'zAnac' Adi (pratyayoM) kI 'kartA' meM (vAcakatA-) 'zakti' mAna lI jAya to (vaha bhI) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki 'pacati-kalpaM, pacatirUpaM devadattaH' (kucha kama pakAne vAlA, acchA pakAne vAlA devadatta) ityAdi (prayogoM) ke anurodha se 'tiG' pratyayoM kA bhI vAcyArtha 'kartA' mAnanA hI ucita hai / 1. ha.-- vul| 2. isake bAda ha0 meM "kartari kRt' ityanena" yaha pATha adhika hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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170 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA yahA~ pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA gayA ki "nAmarthayorabhedAnvayo vyutpannaH" (do samAna vibhakti vAle prAtipadikArthoM meM abhedAnvaya hI hotA hai) isa nyAya ke anusAra, yadi 'zata' tathA 'zAna' ko 'kartA' kA vAcaka na mAnA gayA to, pUrvapradarzita 'pacantaM caitraM pazya'ityAdi prayogoM meM 'pacantaM caitram' kA paraspara anvaya nahIM ho skegaa| isaliye isa nyAya ke anurodha se 'zatR' 'zAnac' ko 'kartA' kA vAcaka mAna lenA cAhiye tathA 'tiG' ko kevala 'kRti' kA hI vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye / parantu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vahI, anvaya ke abhAva kA. doSa tiGanta prayogoM meM bhI upasthita ho sakatA hai / jaise--'pacatikalpaM pacatirUpaM devadattaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'devadattaH' ke sAtha 'pacati kalpam', 'pacatirUpam' Adi kA taba taka anvaya nahIM ho sakatA jaba taka 'tiG' kA artha 'kartA' bhI na mAna liyA jAya / ___ isaliye anvayAbhAvarUpa eka hI kAraNa ke hote hue, 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayoM ko to 'kartA' kA vAcaka mAnA jAya para "tiG vibhaktiyoM ko, 'kartA' kA vAcaka na mAna kara, 'kRti' kA vAcaka mAnA jAya-yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai ? ['lakAroM' kA artha, 'kartA' na mAna kara, kevala 'kRti' mAnane para eka aura doSa kiJca kRtivAcyatve 'ratho gacchati' ityAdau prAzraye lakSaNAsvIkAre gauravApattiH / abhihitatvAnabhihitatvavyavasthocchedApattizca / na ca-"anabhihite" (pA0 2.3.1.) iti sUtre 'anabhihitasaGa khyAke' ityarthavarNanam -iti vAcyam, kRttaddhitasamAsaiH saGa khyAbhidhAnasya aprasiddhatvAt / kiMca yatno'pi vyApArasAmAnyaM dhAtuta eva labhyate, "sthAlIsthe yatne pacinA kathyamAne 'sthAlI pacati" iti "kArake" (1. 4. 23) ityadhikArasUtre bhASyaprayogAt, "ananyalabhyasyaiva zabdArthatvAt", kRtau zakteruktisambhava eva na-ityalam / tathA ('lakAroM' kA kevala) 'kati' artha mAnane para 'ratho gacchati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM ('kati' ke) Azraya meM ('AkhyAta' kA) lakSaNAtmaka prayoga svIkAra karane meM gaurava hogaa| (aura 'tiGa' ke dvArA 'kAraka' ke sarvadA akathita rahane para) 'abhihitatva' tathA 'anabhihitatva' kI vyavasthA bhI vinaSTa ho jaaygii| "anabhihite" isa sUtra kA 'akathita saMkhyA vAle kAraka meM yaha artha For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 171 karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki ('tiGa' ke dvArA to saMkhyA ke kathana kI bAta mAnI gayI hai para) 'kRt', 'taddhita' tathA 'samAsa' ke dvArA saMkhyA kA kahA jAnA aprasiddha hai| isake atirikta 'vyApAra'-sAmAnya arthAt 'yatna' (artha) bhI dhAtu se hI prApta ho jAtA hai kyoMki "sthAlI (patIlI) meM hone vAle 'yatna' ko 'pac" dhAtu ke dvArA kahe jAne para 'sthAlI pacati' (patIlI pakAtI hai)" yaha "kArake" isa 'adhikAra' sUtra ke bhASya meM kahA gayA hai| (isa prakAra) "dUsare zabda se vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM ukta na hone vAlA (artha) hI kisI zabda kA artha banatA hai" isa nyAya ke anusAra 'kRti' meM 'pAkhyAta' kI zakti (abhidhA) hai (yaha) kathana sambhava hI nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM itanA hI (vicAra) paryApta hai| kica kRtivAcyatve gauravApattiH- lakAroM kA artha kevala 'kRti' mAnane, kartA na mAnane, se 'tiG' vibhaktiyoM kI dRSTi se bhI aneka doSa upasthita hote haiM / pahalA doSa yaha hai ki 'ratho gacchati' ityAdi prayogoM meM, ratha ke acetana hone tathA usameM cetana ke dharma 'kRti' arthAt 'yatna' ke na hone ke kAraNa, 'pAkhyAta' kI 'vyApAra' athavA 'pAzrayatA' meM rUr3hi lakSaNA mAnanI pdd'egii| isa bAta ko, naiyAyikoM ke mata kI prasthApanA karate hue, Upara dikhAyA jA cukA hai / yaha lakSaNA kA prAzraya lenA eka prakAra kA anAvazyaka gaurava (vistAra) hai| abhihitatvAnabhihitatvavyavasthocchedApattizca -- dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki, 'lakAroM ke dvArA sadA hI kevala 'kRti' ke kahe jAne tathA isa kAraNa 'kAraka' ke akathita rahane se, 'abhihita' tathA 'anabhihita' kI vyavasthA vizRGkhala ho jaaygii| prAcArya pANini ne "anabhihite" sUtra ke adhikAra meM "karmaNi dvitIyA' (pA0 2.3.2)-- tiG' Adi pratyayoM se 'anabhihita karma' meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai- tathA "kartR karaNayostRtIyA" (pA0 2.3.18)-'akathita 'kartA' aura 'karaNa' kArakoM meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI haiityAdi sUtroM ke dvArA 'anabhihita' kI vyavasthA kI hai| parantu naiyAyikoM kI upayukta mAnyatA ke anusAra 'kartA', 'karma', 'karaNa' prAdi kabhI bhI tiGa' se kathita nahIM hoMge kyoMki unake 'sthAnI' ('lakAra') kA artha naiyAyika kevala 'kRti' mAnatA hai 'kAraka' nhiiN| isa prakAra ye kAraka sadA hI 'akathita' raheMge aura jaba sadA hI 'akathita' raheMge to 'anabhihita' viSayaka niyama bana hI nahIM sktaa| udAharaNa ke liye 'caitra: pacati' (caitra pakAtA hai) ityAdi meM 'caitra' pada se sadA hI tRtIyA vibhakti AyegI, prathamA nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'kartA' sadA 'pAkhyAta' dvArA 'akathita' hI rahegA kyoMki 'pAkhyAta' to kevala 'kRti' ko khegaa| isI prakAra 'caitreNa taNDulaH pacyate' (caitra ke dvArA taNDula pakAye jAte haiM) ityAdi karmavAcya ke prayAgoM meM 'karma' ('taNDula' Adi) meM prathamA vibhakti ke sthAna para "karmaNi dvitIyA" ke anusAra, sadA hI dvitIyA vibhakti kI prApti hogI kyoMki yahA~ naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'karma' 'akathita' hai / na ca 'abhihitasaMkhyAke' ityarthavarNanam-yahA~ naiyAyika kI dRSTi se 'anabhihita' kI vyavasthA ko surakSita rakhane ke, liye pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, yaha upAya prastuta kiyA gayA ki pANini ke "da yekayodvivacanaikavacane" (pA0 1.4.22) tathA "bahuSu bahuvacanam" For Private and Personal Use Only

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172 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (pA0 1.4.23) ina sUtroM se "anabhihite" (pA0 2.3.1) sUtra kA sambandha sthApita karake "anabhihite" sUtra kA artha kiyA jAya-"anukta-saMkhyA yA anukta-vacana vAle kAraka meM Age nirdiSTa vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM / isa prakAra "karmaNi dvitIyA" tathA "kartRka raNayostRtIyA" ina sUtroM kA kramazaH artha hogA-"jisakI saMkhyA ('vacana') 'pAkhyAta' dvArA nahIM kahI gayI hai aise 'karma' meM dvitIyA vibhakti ho" tathA "kartA' aura 'karaNa' meM tRtIyA vibhakti ho"| isa rUpa meM 'abhihita' 'anabhihita' kI vyavasthA meM doSa nahI paataa| kRttaddhita-samAsaH........."aprasiddhatvAt-vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn naiyAyikoM kI isa vyavasthA se sahamata nahIM haiM kyoMki yadi 'anabhihitatva' kA sambandha, kAraka se na karake, saMkhyA se kara diyA gayA to kAtyAyana tathA pataMjali ke eka siddhAnta se virodha upasthita hogaa| mahAbhASya meM yaha nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai ki 'tiG', 'kRta', 'taddhita' tathA 'samAsa' ke dvArA hI kathita hone para kAraka ko 'abhihita' mAnA jAyagA tathA inase anya ke dvArA kathita hone para use 'abhihita' nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| ataH yadi 'abhihita', 'anabhihita' kA sambandha saMkhyA se kiyA gayA to, 'tiG' kA artha saMkhyA bhI mAnA gayA hai isa kAraNa, 'tiG' se to saMkhyA kA abhidhAna ho jAyagA, para 'kRt', 'taddhita' tathA 'samAsa' kA artha saMkhyA bhI hai-yaha bAta kabhI nahIM sunI gyii| isaliye abhidhAna ke ina hetuoM se virodha upasthita hogaa| isa kAraNa naiyAyikoM dvArA upariniSTi "anabhihite" sUtra kA artha svIkArya nahIM hai| yatno'pi ..." labhyate-naiyAyika jo 'pAkhyAta' kA artha 'kRti' mAnate haiM use anucita ThaharAne ke liye eka aura hetu yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai / eka nyAya hai-"vAkya ke kisI zabda kA vAcyArtha vahI ho sakatA hai jo usa vAkya ke kisI anya zabda kA vAcyArtha na ho" (ananyalabhyaH shbdaarthH)| isa dRSTi se yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki 'kRti' athavA 'yatna' (sAmAnya 'vyApAra') dhAtu ke dvArA hI kaha diyA jAtA hai-dhAtu ke vAcyArtha meM yaha 'yatna' bhI samAviSTa rahatA hai, kyoMki naiyAyika bhI 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' donoM ko hI dhAtu kA artha mAnate haiM / yahA~ 'vyApAra' zabda se phalAnukUla (phalotpAdaka) 'vyApAra' hI abhipreta hai| isaliye vaha 'vyApAra' 'yatna' ke sivA aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? jaise 'pac' dhAtu viklittirUpa 'phala' ke utpAdaka 'vyApAra' kA hI to bodha karAtA hai| isa liye una una 'vyApAroM' ke bodhaka ve ve dhAtue~ haiM-yaha mAnanA cAhiye / aura yaha mAna lene para ki 'yatna' arthAt sAmAnya 'vyApAra' dhAtu kA hI artha hai to phira use hI 'mAkhyAta' arthAt lakAroM kA vAcyArtha mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA? _ [naiyAyikoM dvArA svIkRta, 'pAkhyAtArtha meM dhAtvartha vizeSaraNa banatA hai' isa, dvitIya siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa] 'pAkhyAtArthe dhAtvarthoM vizeSaNam' ityasya nirAkaraNam avaziSyate / tathAhi "prakRtyartha-pratyayArthayoH sahArthatve For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 173 pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam" ityutsargaH / 'pAcakaH,' 'propagavaH' ityudAharaNam / 'pAkakriyAzrayaH', 'upagusambandhyabhinnApatyam' iti pratyayArthasya prAdhAnyaM tayorarthe / tatrApi pratyaya-vAcyasyaiva arthasya prAdhAnyam / dyotyasya tu aprAdhAnyameva / yathA--'ajA' ityatra 'strItvaviziSTapazuvizeSaH' iti bodhaH / tasya utsargasya "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam / sattvapradhAnAni nAmAni" (ni0 1.1) iti yAskavacanam apvaadH| tena pAkhyAte tiGante kriyAyA eva prAdhAnyaM zAbdabodhe, na pratyayArthasya, iti bodhyam / yattu-'yAkhyAta'-padena tiGmAtragrahaNAd 'bhAvapradhAnam" ityatra SaSThItatpuruSAzrayaNAt pratyayArthaprAdhAnyameva phalati iti--tanna / "pAkhyAtam prAkhyAtena kriyAsAtatye' iti sUtre 'pAkhyAta'-padena tiGantasyaiva grahaNAt / utsargeNaiva nirvAhe yAskakRtApavAdavacanavaiyarthyApattazca / tasmAd "bhAvapradhAnam" ityatra bhuvriihiH| 'pAkhyAta'-padena tiGantasyaiva grahaNam--ityalam / 'pAkhyAtArtha meM dhAtu kA artha vizeSaNa hotA hai' isa (siddhAnta) kA khaNDana karanA zeSa hai| "prakRtyartha tathA pratyayArtha ke eka sAtha upasthita hone para pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai" yaha (eka) sAmAnya niyama hai / (isake) 'pAcakaH' (pakAne vAlA), 'aupagavaH, (upagu kA putra) ye udAharaNa haiM / 'pAka' kriyA kA Azraya' (pakAne vAlA) tathA 'upagu se sambaddha (usakA) abhinna putra' isa rUpa meM una donoM (zabdoM) ke artha meM pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hai| usa (sAmAnya niyama) meM bhI pratyaya ke vAcya artha kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai-pratyaya se dyotya artha to gauNa hI rahatA hai| jaise-'ajA' (bakarI) isa (zabda) se 'strItvayukta pazu vizeSa' yaha jJAna hotA hai| usa sAmAnya-niyama kA "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtaM sattvapradhAnAni nAmAni" ('pAkhyAta' kriyApradhAna hotA hai tathA 'nAma' dravya-pradhAna) yaha yAska kA kathana vizeSa niyama hai / isaliye (isa vizeSa niyama ke kAraNa) 'AkhyAta' (tiGanta) meM zAbdabodha ke samaya kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, pratyaya ke artha ('kartA' tathA 'karma)' kI nahIM, yaha jAnanA caahiye| 1. vaMmi, tathA ha0 meM isake bAda 'AkhyAtam' adhika hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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174 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA jo ki ( yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yAska ke kathana meM ) - ' prakhyAta ' pada se kevala 'ti' kA grahaNa hone tathA 'bhAvapradhAnam' meM (bahubrIhi na mAna kara ) SaSThI tatpuruSa (samAsa) kA prAzrayaNa karane se pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hI jJAta hotI haivaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki " prAkhyAtam prAkhyAtena kriyAsAtatye" isa ( mayUra - vyaMsakAdigaNa meM paThita) garaNasUtra meM 'prAkhyAta' pada se tiGanta kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isake atirikta sAmAnya niyama se hI kArya cala jAne para yAska kathita vizeSa vacana bhI vyartha ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa 'bhAvapradhAnam' meM bahubrIhi samAsa hI mAnanA cAhiye tathA 'AkhyAta' pada se 'tiGanta' ( padoM) kA hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye - yaha (vicAra) paryApta hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir naiyAyikoM kI pahalI bAta - " ' tiG' kA artha kevala kRti hai" - kA khaNDana kara cukane ke pazcAt unakI dUsarI bAta - " " tiG' kA artha 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) tathA dhAtu kA artha 'tiG' ke artha kA. 'vizeSaNa' (pradhAna) hotA hai" kA khaNDana karate haiM / " tathAhi pazuvizeSa iti bodhaH - isameM to koI sandeha nahIM ki prakRtyartha aura pratyayArtha donoM eka sAtha upasthita hote haiM tathA donoM arthoM meM pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / isa viSaya meM nimna paribhASA draSTavya hai - - " prakRtipratyayau sahArthaM brUtastayoH pratyayArthasya prAdhAnyam" / yahA~ pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA kA tAtparya hai pratyaya ke vAcya artha kI pradhAnatA / pratyaya kA dyotya artha to prapradhAna hI mAnA jAtA hai / isIliye 'prajA' kahane para, 'TAp' pratyaya dyotya artha 'strItva' kI pradhAnatA na hone se, strItva se viziSTa pazuvizeSa artha kA hI pradhAna rUpa se jJAna hotA hai / tasya utsargasya iti bodhyam- - parantu pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA kA niyama eka sAmAnya niyama hai / isa niyama kA bAdhaka, athavA apavAda yA vizeSa niyama, yAska kA yaha spaSTa kathana hai ki " prakhyAta bhAva pradhAna hotA hai tathA nAma dravyapradhAna" ( bhAvapradhAnam zrAkhyAtaM sattvapradhAnAni nAmAni ) / yahA~ 'bhAva' kA artha hai 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala', jinheM vaiyAkaraNa dhAtvartha mAnatA hai / 'bhAvapradhAnam' - pada meM bahubrIhi samAsa hai / isaliye isa pada kA artha hai - "jisameM 'bhAva' arthAt 'vyApAra' yA 'phala' kI pradhAnatA- - ( vizeSyatA) ho" / yahA~ ke 'AkhyAta' pada kA abhiprAya hai tiGanta pada, na ki naiyAyikoM ke samAna kevala 'tiG' vibhakti / isa kathana ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'pacati' tathA 'pacyate' prayoga draSTavya haiN| 'pacati' meM pAka 'vyApAra' kI pradhAnatA kA bodha hotA hai to 'pacyate' meM viklitti Adi 'phala' kI pradhAnatA kA / 'sattva' arthAt dravya kI pradhAnatA ' prAtipadika' yA nAma padoM meM hotI hai / yAska ke isa kathana kA pataMjali ne mahAbhASya ke aneka sthaloM meM hRdayagrAhI yuktiyoM dvArA pratipAdana tathA pratiSThApana kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke liye nimna paMktiyA~ draSTavya hai :- "siddhaM tu kriyApradhAnatvAt / kriyApradhAnam AkhyAtaM bhavati / ekA ca kriyA / dravyapradhAnaM nAma / kathaM punarjJAyate kriyApradhAnam prakhyAtaM dravyapradhAnaM nAma iti ? yat kriyAm pRSTaH tiGA pracASTe - 'ki devadattaH karoti ? ' ' pacati' iti / dravyaM pRSTaH kRtA prAcaSTe - ' kataro devadatta ? 'ya: kArako yo hAraka iti" ( mahA0 5.3.66 ) / " bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH " ( pA0 1.3.1 ) sUtra ke bhASya meM bhI isa Azaya ke poSaka aneka vAkya milate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 175 isaliye yAska Adi ke isa kathanarUpa vizeSa niyama ke kAraNa tiGanta padoM meM kriyA kI pradhAnatA, yA dUsare zabdoM meM dhAtvartha kI hI pradhAnatA, mAnanI cAhiye na ki 'tiGa' ke artha kii| yatta 'pAkhyAta'-padena .... phalati iti--naiyAyika 'pAkhyAta' zabda kA prayoga 'tiG' vibhaktiyoM ke liye karate haiN| isaliye yahAM, yAska ke vacana meM, bhI 'pAkhyAta' kA artha 'tiG' mAna kara tathA 'bhAvapradhAnam' isa pada meM, bahuvrIhi samAsa ke sthAna para, SaSThItatpuruSa samAsa mAna kara, naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se yAska ke isa kathana ko tirtha kI pradhAnatA kA pratipAdaka siddha karane kA prayAsa, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, kiyA gayA hai / SaSThItatpuruSa samAsa mAnane tathA 'pAkhyAta' kA artha 'tiG mAnane para 'bhAvapradhAnam' zabda kA artha hogA 'bhAva' arthAt kriyA se nirUpita pradhAnatA / 'bhAvasya' pada meM vidyamAna SaSThI vibhakti kA artha 'nirUpitatva' yA 'dyotitatva' kiyA gyaa| isa rUpa meM "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam' kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'pAkhyAta' ('tiG' pratyaya) aise haiM jinakI pradhAnatA kA dyotana kriyAyeM, jinheM 'bhAva' kahA jAtA hai tathA jo dhAtu ke artha haiM, karatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM 'tiGa' ke artha pradhAna yA 'vizeSya hote haiM, tathA dhAtvartha (kriyA) unake 'vizeSaNa' hote haiM / tanna''ityalam-parantu yAska kI uparyukta paMkti kA isa prakAra manamAnI vigraha tathA usake artha ke viSaya meM kheMcAtAnI karake naiyAyika-abhimata artha nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA aura nahIM vaha artha yAska ko kathamapi abhipreta mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahAM pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki 'akhyAta' pada kA abhiprAya vaiyAkaraNoM tathA naruktoM kI dRSTi meM 'tiGanta' pada hI hotA hai, kevala 'tiGa' pratyaya nhiiN| isakA spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki yAska ne nirukta ke prArambha meM padoM kA cAra vibhAga karate hue 'nAma' 'AkhyAta', 'upasarga' tathA nipAta' kA nAma liyA hai-"catvAri padajAtAni, nAmAkhyAtopasarganipAtAzca" / yahA~ koI bhI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki 'pAkhyAta' pada kevala 'tiGa' vibhaktiyoM kA vAcaka hai, kyoMki kevala 'tiGa' pratyaya kisI zabda ko nahIM bnaate| hA~ dhAtu ke sAtha saMyukta hokara 'tiG' vibhaktiyA~ avazya kriyA padoM ko banAtI hai| ye kriyA pada hI yAska ko 'pAkhyAta' pada dvArA abhipreta haiN| isake atirikta bhAvapradhAnam' pada meM bahubrIhi ke sthAna para SaSThItatpuruSa samAsa isaliye nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki yadi SaSThItatpuruSa ke dvArA naiyAyikaabhimata artha kA hI kathana karanA yAska ko abhISTa hotA to vaha bAta to sAmAnya niyama-"prakRtyartha-pratyayArthayoH sahArthatve pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam"-se hI siddha thii| vizeSa niyama ke rUpa meM hI "bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam" isa vAkya ko kahane kI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| tiGnta padoM ke svarUpa ko batAte hue yAska ne jo yaha vizeSa bAta kahI usase hI unakI isa pravRtti kA jJApana ho jAtA hai ki na to 'bhAvapradhAnam' pada meM SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa hai aura na naiyAyika abhimata artha hI unheM abhISTa hai / Upara mahAbhASya se pataMjali kI jo paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI gayIM unase bhI yAska kA yahI Azaya spaSTa hotA hai| isaliye 'bhAvapradhAnam' pada kI naiyAyika-abhimata vyAkhyA svIkArya nahIM ho sktii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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176 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA [ naiyAyikoM ke tRtIya siddhAnta - "zAbdabodha meM prathamA vibhaktyanta pada kA artha pramukha hotA hai" - ke khaNDana kI dRSTi se, pahale vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata kI sthApanA ] "prathamAntArtha- mukhya-vizeSyako bodhaH " tAkikamate - iti nirAkartum avaziSyate / tathA hi zAbdika - mate- 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' ityAdI 'mRga kartA ke dhAvanam' dRzi - kriyAyAH ' karma / pradhAnaM dRzi - kriyA eva / tathA ca'mRga-kartRka-dhAvana-karmakaM preraNA viSayIbhUtaM tvatkarta kaM darzanam' iti bodhaH / tatra 'mRgo dhAvati' ityatra vizeSyabhUta-dhAvana-rUpArtha- vAcakasya 'dhAvati' ityasya prAtipadi - katvAbhAvAt na dvitIyA / karmatvaM tu saMsarga-maryAdayA bhAsate / evaM 'pacati bhavati' ityatra 'paci - kriyA-karta kA sattA' iti bodhaH / " pacyAdayaH kriyA bhavati kriyAyAH karyo bhavanti" iti " bhUvAdi0 " ( pA0 1.3.1) - sUtrasthabhASyAt / uktaM ca hariNA' subantaM hi yathAneka- tiGantasya tiGantamapyAhustiGantasya tathA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir naiyAyikoM ke isa mata meM 'prathamA vibhaktyanta (pada) kA artha zAbda-bodha meM mukhya vizeSya hotA hai' isa (siddhAnta) kA nirAkaraNa zeSa hai / vizeSaNam / vizeSaNam / / vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM to - ' pazya mRgo dhAvati' (dekho mRga daur3atA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "mRga hai 'kartA' jisameM aisA daur3anA" 'dRz' kiyA (dekhanA) kA 'karma' hai| 'dRza' kriyA hI (yahA~ ) pradhAna hai| isa rUpa meM - " mRga hai 'kartA' jisakA aisA daur3anA jisameM 'karma' hai tathA preraNA kA viSaya banA huA, 'tvam' (tuma) hai kartA jisa meM aisA darzana (dekhanA) " isa prakAra kA bodha 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya se hotA hai / vahA~ ( 'karma' aMza) 'mRgo dhAvati' (mRga daur3atA hai ) meM pradhAnabhUta 'daur3anA' rUpa artha ke vAcaka 'dhAvati' isa (pada) ke 'prAtipadika' saMjJaka na hone ke kAraNa ( isa pada ke sAtha) dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM AtI (bhale 1. ha0 - kriyAyAm / yathAnekam api ktvAntaM tiGantasya vizeSakam / tiGantaM tatrAhustiGantasya vizeSakam // tathA 2. mahA0 (1.3.1, pR0 167 ) ke anusAra yahAM 'bhavati pacati' pATha honA cAhiye / dra0 - vyAkhyA / 3. kAprazu0 meM 'ukta' ca hariNA' pATha nahIM hai / 4. tulanA karo, vApa0 2.6; For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya 177 hI 'dhAvati' pada 'pazya' kA 'karma' kyoM na ho)| parantu (dvitIyA vibhakti ke na hone para bhI) 'karmatva' kI pratIti ('pazya' isa pada meM vidyamAna) 'AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa hotI hai| isI prakAra 'pacati bhavati' (pacana kriyA hotI hai) yahA~ "pacana-kriyA hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI sattA" yaha jJAna hotA hai kyoMki "pac' Adi (dhAtue~) 'bhavati' (hone) kriyA kI 'kI' hotI haiM" aisA "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH" (pA0 1.3.1) sUtra ke bhASya meM kahA gayA hai| aura bhartRhari ne bhI kahA hai:-- "jisa prakAra aneka subanta aneka tiGnta ke vizeSaNa hote haiM usI prakAra (vidvAnoM ne) tiGanta (kriyA pada) ko bhI tiGanta (kriyA pada) kA vizeSaNa mAnA hai| ___ isa prasaGga meM naiyAyikoM kI tIsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vAkya ke zAbda-bodha meM prathamAvibhaktyanta zabda ke artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai tathA 'tiG' kA artha usa prathamAvibhaktyanta-zabda ke artha ('kartA') ke prati vizeSaNa' hotA hai| isa mata kA pradarzana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| parantu vaiyAkaraNa isase bhinna prakriyA mAnatA hai| usake anusAra vAkya meM dhAtvartha ----vyApAra' athavA 'phala'- kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| naiyAyika kI upayukta mAnyatA meM doSa dikhAne kI dRSTi se yahA~ udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka vAkya 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' prastuta kiyA gayA hai tathA, vaiyAkaraNoM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra usakA anvaya dikhAte hue, vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta kI nirdoSatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| zAbdika mate ... saMsarga-maryAdayA bhAsate - vaiyAkaraNa mata ke anusAra isa vAkya kA pradhAna artha hai 'dekhanA' rUpa kriyA athavA 'vyaapaar'| usa pradhAnabhUta 'dekhane' kriyA kA 'karma' hai 'mRga kA daur3anA' tathA isa 'dekhane' kriyA kA 'kartA' hai 'tvam' (tuma), jisako vaktA dekhane ke liye prerita kara rahA hai| isa rUpa meM -- "mRga kA daur3anA hai 'karma' jisameM tathA preraNA kA viSaya banA huaA 'tvam' (tuma) hai 'kartA' jisakA aisA 'darzana' (dekhanA)" yaha zAbdabodha isa vAkya se hotA hai| yahAM yadyapi 'mRgo dhAvati' yaha aMza 'pazya' kA karma hai isaliye usase dvitIyA-vibhakti AnI cAhiye / parantu 'mRgo dhAvati' isa 'karma' aMza meM bhI, 'vyApAra' ke pradhAna hone ke kAraNa, jo 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) 'dhAvati' pada hai usase to dvitIyA vibhakti isaliye nahIM pAtI ki vaha 'prAtipadika' nahIM hai tathA 'mRgaH' jo 'prAtipadika' hai usase dvitIyA vibhakti isaliye nahIM AtI ki vaha apradhAna hai / isa prakAra pradhAnabhUta 'pazya' kriyA ke 'karma' kAraka 'mago dhAvati' aMza se dvitIyA vibhakti to nahIM AtI para, dvitIyA vibhakti ke na ho hone para bhI, 'pazya' pada ke sunane se jo 'AkAMkSA' utpanna hotI hai usake kAraNa 'mRgo dhAvati' kI karmatA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| isa 'AkAMkSA' ko pAribhASika zabdoM meM yahA~ 'saMsarga-maryAdA' kahA gayA hai| isa 'saMsarga maryAdA' ko eka padArtha meM dUsare padArtha ke sambandha kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / dra0-"ekapadArthe aparapadArthasya saMsargaH saMsargamaryAdayA bhAsate" (vyutpattivAda pR0 1) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 178 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA isIliye 'nIlo ghaTa:' (nIlA ghar3A ) ityAdi prayogoM meM, 'AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa hI, 'nIlA' tathA 'ghar3A' ityAdi meM paraspara abhinnatA kI pratIti hotI hai / evaM 'pacati bhavati' ityatra sUtrasyabhASyAt - yadi yaha kahA jAya ki 'dhAvati' yaha kriyApada 'pazya' isa eka anya kriyApada kA 'karma' kaise bana sakatA hai ? to vaha ucita nahIM hai / kriyAyeM bhI anya kriyAoM ke 'kartA', 'karma' Adi ho sakatI haiN| isa bAta ko pramANita karane ke liye nAgeza ne "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH " sUtra ke bhASya se pataMjali kI eka paMkti tathA bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya se eka kArikA yahAM uddhRta kI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir .. [ naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM doSa ] 'bhavati pacati' jaise prayogoM kA, pataMjali kI dRSTi meM, yaha artha hai ki " vartamAna kAlika jo pAka kriyA vaha hai 'kartA' athavA prAzraya jisakA aisI bhavana-kriyA" arthAt 'pacana kriyA-sambaddha sattA' / yahAM pataMjali ne 'pacana' kriyA ko 'bhavana' kriyA kA 'kartA' mAnA hai / dra0 - " kA eSA vAco yuktiH 'bhavati pacati', 'bhavati pakSyati', 'bhavati apAkSIt ' ? eSaiSA vAco yuktiH - pacyAdayaH kriyAH bhavati kriyAyAH katrryo bhavanti " ( mahA0 3.3. 1 pR0 167 ) / "subantaM hi yathAneka vizeSaraNam" - yaha kArikA vAkyapadIya dvitIya kANDa meM milatI hai / parantu vahAM isakA prathama caraNa hai - " yathAnekamapi ktvAntam" / vAkyapadIya kI svopajJa TIkA meM isI pATha kI vyAkhyA bhI milatI hai tathA prakriyAkaumudI ke prasAda TIkA ( pR0 71 ) meM bhI isI rUpa meM yaha uddhata hai / prastuta prasaGga meM kArikA kA uttarArdha hI draSTavya hai jisa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'tiGanta' arthAt kriyA pada ko bhI dUsare kriyApada kA vizeSaNa mAnA gayA hai / jaise - 'pUrvaM snAti, pacati, tato vrajati' ( pahale nahAtA hai, phira pakAtA hai, usake bAda jAtA hai)| yahAM eka 'vrajati' kriyA kI hI pradhAnatA hai anya kriyAyeM usake vizeSaraNa ke rUpa meM hI prayukta huI haiN| isI prakAra 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya meM 'mRgo ghAvati' aMza 'pazya' kA vizeSaraNa hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM usakA 'karma' hai / isa rUpa meM vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta ke anusAra zAbdabodha meM koI doSa nahIM AtA hai / parantu vaiyAkaraNoM kI isa mAnyatA ke sAtha, jisake anusAra vAkya meM kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, naiyAyikoM ke isa siddhAnta kA, ki zAbdabodha meM prathamAnta pada kI pradhAnatA rahA karatI hai, spaSTataH virodha hai kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke isa siddhAnta ke anusAra to kriyA kabhI bhI pradhAna ho hI nahIM sakatI / tAkikamate- 'anya deza-saMyogAnukUla dhAvanAnukUlakRtimanmRgakarmakaM preraNAviSayIbhUtaM yad darzanaM tadanukUlakRtimAMstvam' iti bodhaH / tatra vizeSyabhUtArthaM vAcakamRgazabdasya prAtipadikatvAt dRzikriyA-karmatvAcca dvitIyApattI, 'dhAvantaM mRgaM pazya' itivat pazya mRgaM For Private and Personal Use Only ,

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dhAtvartha-nirNaya dhAvati' ityApatteH / gra' prathamAsamAnAdhikaraNe zatRzAnacornityatvAdevaM prayogavilayApattazca / 176 naiyAyikoM ke mata meM ('pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya kA ) " anya deza ke saMyoga (rUpa 'phala') ke anukUla (jo ) 'dhAvana' (rUpa 'vyApAra' usake ) anukUla 'yatna' vAlA 'mRga' hai 'karma' jisameM aisA, pra eraNA kA viSayIbhUta jo, 'darzana' (rUpa 'vyApAra') usake anukUla 'yatna' vAle tuma" yaha zAbdabodha hogA / usa (zAbdabodha) meM pradhAnabhUta artha ke vAcaka 'mRga' zabda kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hone tathA 'darzana' kriyA ke 'karma' hone ke kAraNa, dvitIyA vibhakti kI upasthiti hone para, 'dhAvantaM mRgaM pazya' ( daur3ate hue mRga ko dekho ) ke samAna, 'pazya mRgaM dhAvati' isa (prazuddha prayoga ) ko (sAdhu) mAnanA hogA tathA, prathamA vibhakti se bhinna vibhakti ke sAtha samAnAdhikaraNatA hone para 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayoM ke nitya rUpa se vihita hone ke kAraNa, (pazya mRgo dhAvati' ) isa prakAra ke prayoga sarvathA naSTa ho jAyeMge / naiyAyika prathamAvibhaktyanta pada ke artha ko vAkyArtha meM sarvAdhika pradhAnatA detA hai | ataH pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya ke ' ( tvam) pazya' aza meM to 'tvam' kI pradhAnatA hogI kyoMki naiyAyika ke anusAra " dekhanA rUpa jo 'vyApAra' usake anukUla jo 'yatna' usake zrAzraya tuma" isa prakAra yahA~ zAbdabodha hogA / yahA~ jo 'tvam' hai vaha 'pazya' kA kartA hai | isa 'pazya' kriyA kA 'karma' hai 'mRgo dhAvati' / isa 'mRgo dhAvati' kA zAbdabodha naiyAyika ke anusAra hogA - " anya sthAna se saMyoga rUpa jo 'phala' usake anukUla jo 'yatna' usaka zrAzraya mRga" / naiyAyika ke mata meM isa prakAra kA anvaya isaliye hogA ki vaha prathamAnta pada ke artha ke prati 'tiG' ke artha 'kRti' ko vizeSaNa mAnatA hai| tathA 'kRti' ('yatna' ) ke prati dhAtvartha ko 'vizeSaraNa' mAnatA hai / isa prakriyA ko Upara, naiyAyika mata ke pratipAdana ke avasara para vistAra se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika abhimata zAbdabodha meM 'dhAvati' kI pradhAnatA na ho kara 'mRga' kI pradhAnatA hai kyoMki vaha prathamAnta hai / isaliye 'pazya' kriyA ke 'karma' hone tathA pradhAna hone ke kAraNa, 'karmariNa dvitIyA' (pA0 1.3.2 ) ke anusAra, 'mRga' pada ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga karanA hogA / vaiyAkaraNa isa Apatti se isaliye baca jAtA hai ki usake siddhAnta ke anusAra zAbdabodha meM 'mRga' kI pradhAnatA na hokara 'dhAvati' kI pradhAnatA hai / aura 'dhAvati' pada 'prAtipadika' na hokara kriyA pada hai / isaliye 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke AbhAva meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA nivAraNa svataH ho jAtA hai / naiyAyika ke mata meM prathamAnta 'mRga' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hai isaliye vaha isa Apatti se nahIM baca pAtA / For Private and Personal Use Only isa kAraNa ukta prayoga meM 'mRgaH dhAvati' ke sthAna para 'mRgaM dhAvati' prayoga naiyAyika ko svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| isa sthiti meM eka aura Apatti yaha upasthita ha0 tathA vaMmi0 meM isase pahale 'kica' adhika / 1.

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180 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA hogI ki 'pazya mRgaM dhAvati' yaha prayoga bhI sthira nahIM raha sakegA kyoMki 'mRgam' ke dvitIyA vibhaktyanta hone ke kAraNa 'dhAvati' kA prathamA se bhinna (dvitIyA vibhakti) ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNaya ho jAyagA / isakA duSpariNAma yaha hogA ki praprathamA - samAnAdhikaraNa kI sthiti meM, "laTaH zatR-zAnacAvaprathamA - samAnAdhikaraNe" se nitya 'zatru' tathA 'zAnac' kA vidhAna kiye jAne ke kAraNa, nitya hI 'pazya mRgaM dhAvantam ' prayoga hogA / isaliye 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' jaise prayoga sarvathA vilupta ho jAya~ge / [ 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa ke vAkya meM upari pradarzita doSa kA, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, samAdhAna tathA usa kA khaNDana ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nanu viziSTArtha - vAcakasya'dhAvati mRgaH' iti vAkyasya karmatve'pi pRthak 'mRgaH' ityasya prAtipadikasya karmatvAbhAvAt na dvitIyeti cet -- na / " anabhihite" (pA. 2.3.1 ) ityadhikArasUtrapraghaTTake "grabhidhAnaM ca tiG kRttaddhitasamAsai: " ityetatparigaNana pratyAkhyAnaparabhASyarItyA dvitIyApatteH / tathAhi 'kaTaM bhISmaM kuru' ityAdau vizeSya'kaTa' - zabdAd utpannayA dvitIyayA karmatvasya uktatvAd vizeSaraNIbhUta - 'bhISma' - zabdAd dvitIyA na syAt / ataH parigaNanaM bhASye kRtam / tatpratyAkhyAnaM ca sarvakArakAraNAM sAkSAt, svAzrayadvArA vA ' aruNAdhikaraNa' - nyAyena bhAvanAnvayasvIkArAt' / prataevoktaM bhASye "kaTo'pi karma bhISmAdayo'pi" ( mahA0 2.3.1, pR0 252-53 ) iti / tatra kaTa-niSTha - karmatvoktAvapi bhISmatvAdi-guNaviziSTa karmatvAnuktestasmAd dvitIyA - iti tAtparyam / ubhayoH pazcAt parasparam granvayastu vizeSya-vizeSaNabhAvena / prayam evAnvayaH pArSNika' ityucyate / 1. 60 - svIkArAcca / 2. ha0 - pArSTikaH / ayam evAnvayoH praruNAdhikaraNe ( mImAMsA saM0 3.1. 6.12) "aruNayA piGgAkSyaikahAyanyA somaM krINAti" ( taittirIya saM0 6.1.6) mImAMsaka : svIkRtaH / krayaNakriyAyAM For Private and Personal Use Only ityatra

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dhAtvartha - nirNaya 181 tasmAd 'dhAvati mRgaH' ityatra ubhayoH karmatve 'dhAvati' ityasya prAtipadikatvAbhAvAda vizeSaNatvena anyatra nirAkAMkSatvAcca dvitIyotpattyabhAve'pi 'mRga'zabdAd dvitIyA durvArA eva ityavehi / zAbdika mate tU kriyA-vizeSaNatvena itarArthe nirAkAMkSatvAd 'mRga' - zabdAnna dvitIyA / tArkika mate tU vizeSyArthavAcakatvAd' 'mRga'- zabdAda, 'rAjJaH puruSam zrAnaya' itivad, dvitIyA durvArA / ityalamativistareNa / iti dhAtvartha - nirNayaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki - - viziSTa artha ke vAcaka dhAvati mRgaH' (mRga daur3atA hai) isa vAkya ke 'karma' hone para bhI 'mRga:' isa prAtipadika kI pRthak 'karma' saMjJA na hone ke kAraraNa usase dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM hogI to vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki "anabhihite" isa adhikAra sUtra ke prakaraNa meM "abhidhAnaM ca tiGa kRttaddhita - samAsaiH " ( aura abhidhAna tiGa, kRt, taddhita tathA samAsa ke dvArA mAnya hai) isa parigaNana (vArtika) kA khaNDana karane vAlI bhASya-zailI se dvitIyA vibhakti kI prApti hotI hai / 'kaTaM bhISmaM kuru' ( bahuta bar3I caTAI banAo ) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'kaTa' zabda se utpanna dvitIyA (vibhakti) ke dvArA 'karmatva' ke kaha diye jAne ke kAraNa vizeSaraNIbhUta 'bhISma' zabda se dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM prApta hogI / isa dRSTi se bhASya meM (pUrvokta) parigaNana kiyA gayA aura usa (parigaNana) kA khaNDana, sabhI kArakoM kA sIdhe athavA apane Azraya ( kartA, karma) ke dvArA, ( mImAMsA ke ) aruNAdhikaraNa' nyAya se, 'bhAvanA' (kriyA) meM anvaya mAna kara (bhASya meM) kiyA gayA / isIliye bhASya (i) yaha kahA gayA ki - "kaTo'pi karma' bhISmAdayo'pi " ( kaTa bhI 'karma' hai tathA bhISma Adi bhI ) / unameM ( 'kaTa' zabda se utpanna dvitIyA ke dvArA), 'kaTa' meM rahane vAlI 'karmatA' ke kaha diye jAne para bhI, bhISmatva prAdi guNoM se viziSTa 'karmatA' ke kathita na hone ke kAraNa, usa ('bhISma' zabda) se dvitIyA hogI yaha (bhASya-vacana) kA abhiprAya hai / (dvitIyA vibhakti ke A jAne ke ) bAda meM (ina) donoM ('kaTa' tathA 'bhISma') kA vizeSya-vizeSaNa-bhAva ke rUpa meM anvaya hotA hai / yahI anvaya 'pANika' ( bAda kA ) kahA jAtA hai / isI prakAra kA anvaya, 'aruNAdhikaraNa' ( mImAMsA sU0 3.1.6.12 ) meM "aruNayA piGgAkSyA ekahAyanyA somaM krINAti" (lAla varNa vAlI, pIlI 1. ha0, baMmi0 -vAcakAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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182 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA prakhavAlI, eka varSa kI bachiyA se soma kharIdatA hai) yahAM kharIdane kI kriyA meM, mImAMsakoM ne apanAyA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isaliye 'dhAvati mRgaH' yahAM donoM kI ( pRthak pRthak ) 'karma saMjJA hone para, 'dhAvati' (isa pada) ke 'prAtipadika' na hone tathA ( naiyAyikoM ke anusAra) vizeSaraNa hone aura anyatra ('darzana' kriyA ke prati) nirAkAMkSa hone ke kAraNa 'dhAvati' meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke na hone para bhI, 'mRga' zabda se dvitIyA vibhakti kA nivAraNa sarvathA duSkara hI hai / vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM to 'dhAvana' kriyA kA vizeSaNa hone tathA dUsare ('darzana' kriyA rUpa ) artha ke prati nirAkAMkSa hone ke kAraNa 'mRga' zabda se dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM hogI / parantu naiyAyikoM ke mata meM pradhAna artha kA vAcaka hone ke kAraNa 'mRga' zabda se, 'rAjJaH puruSam granaya' isa vAkya ke 'puruSa' zabda ke samAna, ( prApta hone vAlI ) dvitIyA vibhakti kA nivAraNa karanA kaThina hI hai / isase adhika vistAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / nanu viziSTArthavAcakasya dvitIyeti cet- naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'viziSTa artha' kA abhiprAya hai " uttara deza se saMyogarUpa 'phala' ke anukUla jo dhAvanarUpa 'vyApAra' usake anukUla jo 'yatna' usakA zrAzraya mRga" / naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' meM 'mRgo ghAvati' ina donoM zabdoM ke samUhAtmakarUpa kI eka sAtha 'karma' saMjJA hai, na ki pRthak pRthak / ataH 'mRga' ko alaga karake usakI 'karmasaMjJA hI nahIM hai / isa rUpa meM donoM 'mRgo dhAvati' zabdoM kI eka sAtha 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI tathA jisakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hai usa akele 'mRga' zabda kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM hai / ataH naiyAyikoM ke mata meM bhI 'mRga' ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kI prApti kA doSa nahIM upasthita hotA / parantu isa pUrvapakSa ke khaNDana ke liye nAgeza ne mahAbhASya tathA mImAMsA se do aise pramANa prastuta kiye haiM jo isa bAta ko spaSTa kara dete haiM 'mRga' tathA 'dhAvati' kI alaga alaga hI 'karma' saMjJA honI cAhiye / - na "anabhihite" dvitIyApatteH - yahA~ pahalA pramANa mahAbhASya se hai / " anabhihite " isa adhikAra-sUtra ke viSaya meM kAtyAyana ne yaha kahA ki kisa kisa se 'abhihita' yA kathita hone para 'kArakoM' ko 'abhihita' mAnA jAyagA isakA parigaNana kara denA cAhiye | apane isa parigaNana meM kAtyAyana ne - 'tiGa', 'kRt', 'taddhita' tathA 'samAsa' ko prastuta kiyA -- "tiGakRttaddhitasamAsaH parisaMkhyAnam " ( 2.3.1, pR0 256 ) / isa parisaMkhyA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi inase 'kArakoM' kA kathana huA ho taba ' kArakoM' ko 'abhihita' mAnA jaaygaa| ina se atirikta kisI anya ke dvArA yadi 'kAraka' kathita hoMge to bhI unheM 'anabhihita' hI mAnA jAyagA / isa parisaMkhyAna kA prastAva isaliye rakhA gayA ki 'kaTaM karoti bhISmam udAraM zobhanam' jaise vAkyoM meM vizeSyabhUta, 'kaTa' zabda ke sAtha prayukta dvitIyA vibhakti ke dvArA 'karma' kAraka ke kathita ho jAne para 'kaTa' For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtvartha nirNaya 183 ke vizeSaNa 'bhISma', 'udAra' Adi zabdoM se, "anabhihite " sUtra ke anusAra dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM A sakatI hai| ina zabdoM se dvitIyA vibhakti tabhI sakatI hai yadi 'karma' 'anabhihita' ho / aba to vaha abhihita ho cukA / dra0 - " kaTa' zabdAd utpadyamAnayA dvitIyayA abhihitaM karmeti kRtvA bhISmAdibhyo'pi dvitIyA na prApnoti" (mahA0 2.3.1, pR0 250 ) / parantu sthiti yaha hai ki ina prayogoM meM vizeSya tathA vizeSaraNa donoM se dvitIyA vibhakti abhISTa hai / isaliye ina prayogoM kI surakSA ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki uparyukta parigaNana-vArtika ko svIkAra kiyA jAya jisase kevala tiG, kRt, taddhita tathA samAsa dvArA kathita 'kAraka' ko hI 'abhihita' mAnA jAya / vizeSya Adi ke dvArA kathita kArakoM ko 'abhihita' na mAnA jAya ataH isa parigaNana ke AdhAra para vizeSya 'kaTa' zabda zabda se dvitIyA vibhakta ke saMyAjana ke sAtha sAtha, 'bhISma' Adi vizeSaraNa zabdoM se bhI dvitIyA vibhakti prayukta ho sakegI, jaisA ki abhISTa hai / / sUtra tatpratyAkhyAnaM ca 'pAkiH' ityucyate - pataMjali ne kAtyAyana ke isa parigaNana - prastAva ko yaha kaha kara asvIkAra kara diyA ki sabhI kArakoM kA kriyA ke sAtha sambandha yA to sAkSAt hotA hai yA apane Azraya ke dvArA / 'Azraya ke dvArA' yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA isaliye par3I ki 'adhikaraNa' kAraka kA kriyA ke sAtha sAkSAt sambandha nahIM hotA apitu paramparayA, apane zrAzraya ke dvArA hI hotA hai / isa prakAra sabhI 'kArakoM' kA kriyA meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa 'kaTaM karoti bhISmam' jaise vAkyoM meM vizeSya vizeSaraNa donoM ko karma mAnA jAyagA / isI dRSTi se pataMjali ne isI ke bhASya meM do bAra kahA - "kaTo'pi karma, bhISmAdayo'pi / tatra 'karmariNa 0 ' ityeva siddham " ( mahA0 2.3.1, pR0 252-53 tathA 258), arthAt 'kaTa' bhI 'karma' hai tathA usake vizeSaNa 'bhISma' zrAdi bhI / jaba donoM hI 'karma' haiM to, 'kaTa' zabda meM vidyamAna karmatA, 'kaTa' zabda ke sAtha prayukta dvitIyA vibhakti ke dvArA, bhale hI kaha dI gayI ho, bhISmatvAdiguNa viziSTa karmatA to abhI bhI 'anabhihita' hI hai / isaliye usa 'karmatA' ko kahane ke liye 'bhISma' Adi vizeSaraNoM se bhI dvitIyA vibhakti aayegii| ina donoM vizeSya tathA vizeSaraNoM ke dvArA abhihita 'karmatvoM' kA vizeSya vizeSaraNa rUpa se anvaya dvitIyA vibhakti ke prajAne ke pazcAt hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ vizeSya- vizeSaraNabhAva ke rUpa meM anvaya bAda meM hotA hai / ataH isa granvaya ko 'pANika' athavA kahIM kahIM 'pArSTika' ( bAda kA, piche kA ) bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa taraha 'kaTaM karoti bhISmam udAraM darzanIyaM zobhanam' jaise vAkyoM meM 'kaTam tathA 'bhISmam' Adi kA pahale pRthak pRthak karoti' kriyA ke sAtha anvaya karake bAda meM donoM kA vikSeSya-vizeSaNa-bhAva ke rUpa eka sAtha jisa prakAra anvaya kiyA gayA usI prakAra kA 'pAka' anvaya mamAMsakoM ne bhI jyotiSToma yAga ke soma krayaNa ke prakaraNa meM, "aruNayA piGgAkSyA ekahAyanyA somaM krINAti" isa vAkya kA artha karane meM, kiyA hai / isI kAraNa 'aruNAdhikaraNa' nAmaka nyAya prasiddha hogayA / yahA~ 'anvaya-vyatireka' ke AdhAra para 'aruNA', 'piMgAkSI tathA 'ekahAyanI' zabdoM ko guNa yA jAti kA vAcaka mAnA gayA / ina zabdoM ke sAtha saMyukta tRtIyA vibhakti ke dvArA unake vAcyArtha 'aruNa' Adi guNoM ko ho yahAM soma - krayaNa meM 'karaNa' batAyA jA For Private and Personal Use Only

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184 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA jA rahA hai / yadyapi svayaM ye guNa soma kharIdane kI kriyA meM samartha nahIM haiM parantu ina guNoM kI AzrayabhUtA govatsA (bachiyA) to 'karaNa' bana hI sakatI hai| __ isa rUpa meM pahale ina 'aruNa', 'piMgAkSI' tathA 'ekahAyanI' guNoM kA 'krayaNa' kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai| usake bAda, ye guNa svayaM 'krayaNa' kriyA meM 'karaNa' bana nahIM sakate isaliye, ina guNoM ke AzrayabhUta dravya kI AkAMkSA hotI hai| usa sthiti meM, prakaraNa kI apekSA "gavA te somaM krINani" isa maMtra-vAkya ke adhika balavAna hone ke kAraNa, ina tInoM zabdoM ke vAcyArthabhUta godravya meM hI, samAnAdhikaraNatA ke AdhAra para, ina tInoM zabdoM kA anvaya kiyA jAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki pahale 'aruNayA', 'piMgAkSyA' tathA 'ekahAyanyA' ina tInoM tRtIyA-vibhaktyanta padoM kA svataMtra rUpa se 'krayaNa' kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai phira bAda meM, 'aruNa guNa se viziSTa jo govatsA vahI pIlI A~khoM se yukta hai tathA vahI eka varSa vAlI hai isa taraha, tInoM kA 'govatsA' ke sAtha abheda sambandha se anvaya hotA hai| tasmAd dvitIyA... durvArA-isa prakAra 'pazya mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya meM 'pazya' ke 'karma' 'mRgo dhAvati' isa isa aMza meM donoM ko alaga-alaga 'karma' mAnanA hogA / 'ghAvati' pada 'prAtipAdika' saMjJaka nahIM hai tathA 'pazya' kriyA kI dRSTi se vaha nirAkAMkSa bhI hai kyoMki naiyAyika kI dRSTi meM vaha 'mRga' kA vizeSaNa hai--vizeSya svayaM 'mRga' hai| isaliye, 'dhAvati' ke sAtha to dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM A sktii| parantu 'mRga' pada ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga karanA hI hogaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'mRga' pada 'prAtipadika' bhI hai tathA vizeSya hone ke kAraNa sAkAMkSa bhI hai| isaliye 'mRga' zabda ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kA saMyojana naiyAyika ke mata usI prakAra anivArya hogA jisa prakAra 'rAjJaH puruSam Anaya' isa vAkya meM 'Anayana' kriyA ke 'karma' evaM vizeSya 'puruSa' zabda ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti saMyukta hotI hai| ataH naiyAyikoM ke mata meM isa doSa kI nirAkaraNa bahuta kaThina hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke uparyukta mata meM yaha doSa nahIM upasthita hotA kyoMki vahA~ to 'mRga' zabda hI 'dhAvana' kriyA kA vizeSaNa hai aura vizeSya athavA pradhAna hai 'dhAvana' kriyA / isa pradhAna bhUta karma 'dhavati' ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga isaliye nahIM hogA ki 'dhAvati' pada 'prAtipadika' nahIM hai| isa liye isa doSa ke kAraNa naiyAyikoM kA yaha siddhAnta bhI dUSita hogayA ki "zAbda-bodha meM prathamAnta zabdoM kA artha pradhAna hotA hai"| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha - nirNayaH Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [ 'nipAtoM' ko artha - dyotakatA kA pratipAdana ] 'anubhUyate sukhama', 'sAkSAtkriyate guruH' ityAdI nipAtAnAM dyotakatvena granubhava - sAkSAtkAra-rUpa-phalayoH dhAtvarthatvena sakarmakatvam | "karma -saMjJakArthAnvayyarthakatvam sakarmakatvam" iti niSkRSTamate'pi phalAzrayatayA karmasaMjJakasya dhAtvartha-phala evAnvayaucityena dyotakatvam grAvazyakam / 'anubhUyate sukham ' ( sukha kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai ) 'sAkSAtkriyate guru : ' ( guru kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai) ityAdi vAkyoM meM ('anu' tathA 'sAkSAt ') 'nipAtoM' ke ( artha kA) dyotaka hone se 'anubhava' tathA 'sAkSAtkAra' rUpa 'phaloM' ke ( nipAtArtha na hokara ) dhAtvartha hone ke kAraNa ('bhU' tathA 'kR' dhAtutroM kI ) 'sakarmakatA' hai / 'karma' saMjJaka artha meM anvita hone vAle artha kA vAcaka honA ' sakarmakatA' hai " - isa siddhAntabhUta mata meM bhI, 'phala' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa, 'karma' saMjJaka zabda kA dhAtu ke artha 'phala' meM hI anvaya karanA ucita hai / isa liye ( nipAtoM kI) dyotakatA Avazyaka hai / svarUpa kI dRSTi se zabdoM ke 'nAma', 'AkhyAta', 'upasarga' tathA 'nipAta' ina cAra vibhAgoM kI kalpanA bahuta prAcIna kAla meM astitva dhAraNa kara cukI thI jisakA spaSTa nirdeza yAska tathA pataMjali ne kramazaH nirukta tathA mahAbhASya meM kiyA hai / isa caturvidha vibhAga meM 'upasarga', tathA 'nipAta' ko alaga alaga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yoM to 'upasarga' 'nipAtoM' ke antargata hI mAne jAte haiM, parantu kriyA athavA tiGanta padoM se sambaddha hone se kucha - 'pra' Adi bIsa - 'nipAtoM' ko 'upasarga' mAna liyA jAtA hai tathA kriyApadoM se asambaddha hone para ina 'pra' Adi ko, 'upasarga' na mAna kara, 'nipAta' hI mAnA jAtA hai / kama se kama pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM inakI yahI sthiti hai / isa viSaya meM draSTavya - " cAdayo'sattve " ( pA0 1.4.57), "prAdayaH " ( pA0 1.4.58) tathA " upasargA: kriyAyoge" ( pA0 1.4.56 ) ityAdi aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtra / naiyAyika vidvAn nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiM tathA 'upasargoM' ko artha kA dyotaka / navIna vaiyAkaraNa ina donoM ko hI artha kA dyotaka mAnate haiM / yAskIya nirukta tathA pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM isa bAta kI carcA to huI hai ki 'upasargoM' ko artha kA dyotaka mAnA jAya athavA vAcaka, parantu 'nipAtoM' ke viSaya meM spaSTataH kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA / yAska ke dvArA nirukta (1.4.11 ) meM kiye gaye 'nipAta' - viSayaka For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 186 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA artha-nirdeza se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unake anusAra aneka prayogoM meM, 'upasargoM' ke samAna hI, 'nipAta' bhI artha ke vAcaka haiM / www.kobatirth.org anubhUyate ..... sakarmakatvam - yahAM nAgeza ne isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ki 'nipAta' tathA 'upasarga' donoM hI artha ke dyotaka haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'atubhUyate sukham ' tathA 'sAkSAt kriyate guruH' jaise vAkyoM meM 'anubhava' tathA 'sAkSAtkAra' rUpa 'phala' ko yadi kramazaH 'bhU' tathA 'kR' dhAtuoMoM kA hI artha mAnA jAtA hai - 'anu' upasarga tathA 'sAkSAt ' nipAta kA artha nahIM mAnA jAtA - tabhI yahAM prayukta 'kR' tathA 'bhU' dhAtue~ 'sakarmaka' bana sakatI haiM / stusbhaTTa ne vaibhUsA meM 'sakarmaka' tathA 'akarmaka' kI nimna paribhASAyeM, jinakA nirdeza ' dhAtvartha-nirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM Upara kiyA jA cukA hai, dI haiM- "dhAtvarthabhUta 'phala' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' ke vAcaka dhAtu ko 'sakarmaka' tathA " dhAtvarthabhUta 'phala' ke adhikaraNa se abhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' ke vAcaka dhAtu ko 'akarmaka" mAnanA cAhiye / ( dra0 - " sakarmakatvaM ca phala- vyadhikaraNa-vyApAravAcakatvam / phala-samAnAdhikaraNa - vyApAra-vAcakatvam grakarmakatvam " ) / isa paribhASA ke anusAra 'bhU' tathA 'kR' dhAtutroM ko sakarmaka banAne ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki yahA~ ke 'anubhava' tathA 'sAkSAtkAra' rUpa 'phala' ko 'nipAta' kA artha na mAnakara, 'dhAtu' kA hI artha mAnA jAya / [' dyotakatA' kA abhiprAya ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir karma-saMjJaka 'Avazyakam - parantu 'adhyAsitA bhUmayaH' jaise aneka prayogoM ko se kauNDabhaTTa kI uparyukta paribhASA ko avyApti doSa se dUSita mAnate hue nAgeza bhaTaT ne 'vastutastu' kaha kara 'sakarmaka' viSayaka apanI eka dUsarI paribhASA prastuta kI / vaha hai -- "zabda-zAstrIya karma -saMjJakArthAnvayyarthakatvaM sakarmakatvam " -- prarthAn vyAkaraNa zAstrIya 'karma' saMjJaka artha se anvita hone vAle artha kI bodhaka dhAtue~ 'sakarmaka' haiM / yahA~, 'niSkRSTa - mate'pi ' kathana ke dvArA isI siddhAntabhUta mata kI ora saMketa karate hue, yaha kahA gayA ki isa paribhASA kI dRSTi se bhI 'nipAtoM ko artha kA dyotaka mAnanA hI ucita hai kyoMki isa paribhASA meM bhI yaha to mAnA hI jAtA hai ki, 'phala' kA prAzraya hone ke kAraNa, 'karma' saMjJaka zabda kA dhAtu ke arthabhUta 'phala' meM hI anvaya honA cAhiye / 1. 2. nisa0 meM anupalabdha / nisa0 - vartamAna kA prazu0 - mAna / 'dyotakatvam' ca sva- samabhivyAhRta-pada- niSTha-vRttyudbodhakatvam / kvacittu kriyA-vizeSAkSepakatvaM ' dyotakatvam' / yathA - 'prAdezaM vilikhati' ityAdau 'viH " vimAna - kriyA''kSepakaH 'prAdezaM vimAya likhati' ityarthAvagamAt / ataeva " atha For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 187 zabdAnuzAsanam" (mahA0, bhA0 1, pR04) ityatra "atha'zabdasya prArambha-kriyA''kSepakatvam'' kaiyyaTAyu ktaM saMgacchate / kvacitta sambandha-paricchedakatvaM dyotakatvam / yathA-karmapravacanIyAnAm / viziSTasya tu na dhAtutvam, apAThAt, aDAdyavyavasthApattazca / dyotakatA kA abhiprAya hai apane ('nipAta' ke) samIpastha (sAtha meM uccarita yA likhita) pada kI (vAcyArthabodhikA) vRtti (zakti) kA jJAna kraanaa| kahIM kahIM to kisI vizeSa kriyA kA anumAna karAnA hI dyotakatva hai| jaise - 'pradezaM vilikhati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'vi' ('upasarga') 'nApane kI kriyA kA anumAna karAtA hai kyoMki (isa vAkya se) ''a~gUThe se tarjanI taka ke nApa ko rekhA khIMcatA hai" isa artha kI pratIti hotI hai| isIliye (kriyA vizeSa ke anumAnarUpa dyotakatA ke kAraNa hI) "artha zabdAnuzAnam' (aba vyAkaraNa kA prArambha hotA hai) yahAM 'atha' zabda 'prArambha' kriyA kA anumAna karAne vAlA hai" yaha kaiyaTa Adi kA kathana susaMgata ho jAtA hai / kahIM sambandha kA nizcaya karanA dyotakatva hai| jaise-'karmapravacanIya' saMjJA vAle zabdoM kaa| viziSTa (nipAta ke sAtha pUre samudAya) kI dhAtu saMjJA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI kyoMki unakA (dhAtupATha meM) pATha nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathA ('nipAta'-viziSTa samudAya kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA mAnane se) 'aT' Adi (AgamoM) ke viSaya meM avyavasthA upasthita hogii| dyotakatvaM ca ..."bodhakatvam -bhinna bhinna sthaloM meM 'nipAta' sahita padoM se prakaTa hone vAle bhinna bhinna arthoM kI dRSTi se 'dyotakatva' ke tIna abhiprAya yahAM batAye gaye / 'dyotakatA' kA prathama abhiprAya hai nipAta ke sAtha avyavahita rUpa se uccarita yA likhita dhAtu meM vidyamAna, vAcya artha ko kahane vAlI, 'zakti' kA jJAna karAnA / jaise--'sAkSAt kriyate guruH' isa prayoga meM 'sAkSAt' isa 'nipAta' ke sAtha uccarita 'kR' dhAtu meM vidyamAna, 'darzana karanA' rupa artha kA bodha karAnA / yahA~ 'sva' kA abhiprAya hai dyotakarUpa se abhimata 'sAkSAt' Adi 'nipAta' pada yA 'anu' prAdi 'upasarga' pada / usake sAtha 'samabhivyAhRta' arthAt samuccarita pada haiM 'kR', 'bhU' Adi dhAtue~ / unameM rahane vAlI 'vRtti' arthAt -- 'darzana karanA' tathA 'anubhava karanA' Adi arthoM ko, vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM, kahane vAlI zakti / isa 'vRtti' athavA zakti kA bodha karAnA hI nipAtoM kI dyotakatA kA abhiprAya hai| kvacitta * saMgacchate--- 'dyotakatA' kA dUsarA abhiprAya hai kahIM kahIM kisI viziSTa kriyA kA anumAna karAnA / jaise-'prAdezaM likhati' isa vAkya meM 'prAdezaMm' meM prayukta 1. tulanA karo-mahA0 pradIpa TIkA, bhA0 1, pR0 4; zabdAnuzAsanasya prArabhyamANatA-'atha'-zabda sannidhAnena pratIyate / 2. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'tu' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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188 vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA 'kAraka vibhakti' ( dvitIyA) kA 'likhati' ke sAtha koI sambandha na bana pAne ke kAraNa 'vi' ko 'nApane' kI kriyA kA anumApaka mAnA gayA kyoMki 'prAdeza paryanta bhAga ko nApa kara vahA~ citra banAtA hai' yaha 'prAdezaM vilikhati' kA abhiprAya hai / ina sthaloM meM 'dyotakatA' ke prathama artha se kArya nahIM cala sakatA kyoMki yahA~ 'nApanA' artha 'likh' dhAtu kre vAcya artho meM nahIM hai / 'dyotakatA' ke isa dUsare abhiprAya ke AdhAra para hI mahAbhASya ke paspazAhika ke prathama vArtika - " atha grabdAnuzAsanam" kI vyAkhyA meM kaiyaTa ne 'atha' isa 'nipAta' zabda ko 'Arambha karanA' rUpa kriyA kA AkSepa karane vAlA batAyA / dva0 -- "zabdAnuzAsanasya prArabhyamANatA 'graMtha' zabdasannidhAnena pratIyate" (mahA0 pradIpa, bhAga 1, pR04) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kvacitta karmapravacanIyAnAm ' dyotakatA' kA tIsarA abhiprAya hai sambandha-vizeSa kA nizcAyaka honA / jaise 'japam anu prAvarSat' ( japa ke bAda varSA huI) / yahA~ 'nu' nipAta 'japa' tathA 'varSaNa' kriyA kA pUrvApara sambandha batAtA hai, arthAt pahale japa huA tathA usake bAda barSA huI isa bAta kA jJAna 'manu' se hotA hai / Upara 'dyotakatA' ke jina do arthoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai unase yahA~ kAma nahIM cala sakatA / " karmapravacanIyA: " ( pA0 1.4.83) sUtra ke adhikAra meM pANini ne jina 'nipAtoM kI 'karmapravacanIya' saMjJA mAnI hai ve sabhI isI prakAra ke sambandha vizeSa ke nirNAyaka haiM / 'karmapravacanIya' zabda kA artha bhI yahI hai / anvarthakatA kI dRSTi se hI itanI bar3I saMjJA pANini ne svIkAra kI / isI tathya ko batAte hue pataMjali ne kahA----" karma proktavantaH karmapravacanIyAH / ke punaH karma proktavantaH ? ye sampratikriyAM na AhuH / ke ca sampratikriyAM nAhuH ? ye aprayujyamAnasya kriyAm grAhuH " ( mahA0 1.4.83) / yahA~ 'kriyAm Ahu:' meM vidyamAna 'kriyA' kA tAtparya hai - ' kriyA-viSayaka sambandha' / dra0 - "kriyA' zabdena tadupajanitasambadhavizeSa upacArAd ucyate" pradIpa TIkA (1.4.83) / bhartRhari ne bhI ina 'karmapravacanIya' saMjJaka zabdoM ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA : kriyAyA dyotako nAyaM sambandhasya na vAcakaH / nApi kriyApadAkSepI sambandhasya tu bhedakaH || vApa0 2.106 isa prakAra 'nipAtoM' ke ina vibhinna prayogoM kI dRSTi se unakI 'dyotakatA' ke tIna prakAra mAne gaye / viziSTasya na dhAtutvam zrApattezca :- yahA~ eka prazna yaha ho sakatA hai ki 'nipAtoM' tathA 'upasargoM se yukta dhAtuoM arthAt 'anubhU', 'sAkSAtkR' ityAdi pUre samudAyoM, kI hI dhAtu saMjJA kyoM na mAna lI jAya, jisase 'nipAtoM' kI 'dyotakatA' 'vAcakatA' kA sArA vivAda hI samApta ho jAya / isake uttara meM pahalA hetu yaha diyA gayA ki jina dhAtuoM ko 'upasarga' ke sAtha dhAtupATha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai vahAM to pUre samudAya ko hI dhAtu mAnA jAtA hai parantu jinakA abhISTa ' upasargoM' ke sAtha, pANini Adi AcAryoM dvArA, pracavana nahIM kiyA gayA vahA~ ' upasargayukta samudAya ko dhAtusaMjJaka kaise mAna liyA jAya ? yahAM yaha dhyAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 186 dene yogya hai ki "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH" (pA0 1.3.1) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM 'pATha' athavA pravacana ko bhI dhAtuoM kI dhAtutA meM eka viziSTa AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki 'nipAta' yA 'upasarga' sahita samudAya kI yadi dhAtu saMjJA mAna lI gayI to aneka sthAnoM para doSa aayegaa| jaise-ina viziSTa samudAyoM se pUrva 'luG Adi lakAroM meM 'aT', 'pAT', Adi AgamoM ko rakhanA hogA, jaba ki ve abhISTa haiM 'nipAta' tathA 'upasarga' ke bAda / isake atirikta 'liT' Adi lakAroM meM bhI doSa aayegaa| vahA~ dhAtu ko dvitva karate samaya 'upasarga' Adi ke AdhAra para 'anajAdi' dhAtueM bhI 'prajAdi' ho jAyeMgI jisase anabhISTa 'dvitIya ekAca' athavA 'prathama ekAca' ko "ajAdedvitIyasya' (pA0 6.1.1) tathA "ekAco dve prathamasya' (pA. 6.1.2) ke anusAra 'dvitva' karanA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra aneka avyavasthAoM ke kAraNa 'nipAta' yA 'upasarga' se yukta dhAtu kI dhAtu saMjJA nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ["upasarga' artha ke dyotaka haiM tathA 'nipAta' artha ke vAcaka"--naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA khaNDana] yattu tAkikA:-upasargANAM dyotakatvaM taditara-nipAtAnAM vAcakatvam, "sAkSAtpratyakSatulyayoH" iti kozAt (amarakoza 3 / 252) / 'namaH' padena 'devAya namaH' ityAdau namaskArArthasya, dAnAvasare 'gave namaH' ityatra pUjArthasya' prsiddhtvaacc| 'sakarmakatvam' ca sva-sva-samabhivyAhRta-nipAtAnyatarArtha-phala-vyadhikaraNa-vyApAra-vAcakatvam / 'karmatvam' ca sva-sva-samabhivyAhRta-nipAtAnyatarArthaphala-zAlitvam / tanna / vaiSamye bIjAbhAvAt / 'anubhUyate' ityanena 'sAkSAkriyate' ityasya samatvAt / "nAmArtha-dhAtvarthayorbhedena sAkSAd anvayAbhAvAt", nAmArthadhAtvarthayoranvayasyaivAsambhavAt / nipAtArthaphalAzrayatve'pi dhAtvarthAnvayaM vinA karmatvAnupapattezca / 1. ha0, vaMmi0-namaskArArthatvasya / 2. ha0, vaMmi-pUjArthatvasya / 3. tulanA karo-vaibhUsA0 pR0 373; sva-sva-yukta-nipAtAnyatarArtha-phala-vyadhikaraNa-vyApAra-vAcitthaM sakarmakatvam api suvacam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 160 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA naiyAyika jo yaha kahate haiM ki - 'upasargoM' kI dyotakatA tathA unase bhinna 'nipAttoM' kI vAcakatA mAnanI cAhiye kyoMki "sAkSAt pratyakSa tulyayoH " ( ' sAkSAt ' nipAta pratyakSa tathA tulya ina do arthoM kA vAcaka hai) yaha koza kA vAkya hai tathA 'namaH' pada se 'devAya namaH (devatA ke liye namaskAra ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'namaskAra' artha kI aura dAna ke samaya (kahe gaye) 'gave namaH' ( gAya ke liye namaskAra ) isa (prayoga) meM 'pUjA' artha kI prasiddhi haiM / aura 'sakarmakatva' (ko paribhASA ) haihai - " apane ( dhAtu ke ), athavA apane samIpa vidyAmAna 'nipAta' ke, donoM meM se kisI eka ke, artha rUpa 'phala' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' kI vAcakatA" / 'karmatva' (kI paribhASA ) hai - "apane (dhAtu ke), athavA apane samIpastha 'nipAta' ke, donoM meM se kisI ke, artha rUpa 'phala' kA Azraya honA / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaha ( naiyAyikoM kA uparyukta kathana ) ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'upasargo' tathA 'nipAtoM' kI viSamatA meM koI kAraNa nahIM hai| anubhUyate' isa (prayoga) se 'sAkSAt kriyate' isa prayoga kI (sarvathA ) samAnatA hai / prAtipadikArtha tathA dhAtvartha meM, bheda sambandha se sIdhe anvaya na hone ke kAraNa, nipAtArtha tathA dhAtvartha meM paraspara anvaya hI sambhava nahI hogA tathA nipAtArtha rUpa 'phala' kA Azraya hone para bhI, dhAtvartha meM anvaya ke binA, 'sukha' tathA 'guru' Adi kI 'karmatA' nahIM bana sakegI / kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| prasiddha prayogoM se yaha jJAta rthoM ko batAte haiM / yatta, tArkikA 'prasiddhatvAcca - naiyAyika 'upasargoM' ko to artha kA dyotaka mAnate haiM parantu anya 'nipAtoM' ko ve artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiM / 'nipAtoM' kI vAcakatA ke pratipAdana ke liye ve kozoM kA pramANa dete haiM / kozoM meM 'nipAtoM' ko aneka arthoM dUsarA pramANa ve loka - prasiddhi ko prastuta karate haiM | lokahotA hai ki 'nipAta' alaga alaga avasaroM para alaga alaga sakarmakatvaM ca 'phalazAlitvam - naiyAyikoM ke isa siddhAnta meM yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki yadi nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to 'sAkSAt kriyate guruH' ( guru kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'kR' Adi dhAtumroM se 'karma' meM lakAra nahIM A sakate kyoMki "laH karmaNi0 " ( pA0 3.4.66 ) sUtra ke dvArA 'sakarmaka' dhAtuoM se hI 'karma' meM lakAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / 'sAkSAt kriyate guruH' jaise prayogoM meM 'kR' ityAdi dhAtue~ 'sakarmaka' nahIM haiM kyoMki 'sAkSAtkAra' Adi 'phala', dhAtu kA artha na hokara, 'nipAta' kA artha hai, jabaki dhAtvartharUpa 'phala' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna zradhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' ke vAcaka dhAtu ko hI 'sakarmaka' kahA gayA hai - " sakarmakatvaM ca ( dhAtvartharUpa - ) phala vyadhikaraNa- vyApAra-vAcakatvam" ( vaibhUsA0 pR0 18 ) / isI prakAra uparyukta - 'anubhUyate sukham ' tathA 'sAkSAt kriyate guruH', - prayogoM meM 'sukha' tathA 'guru' zabdoM kI 'karma' saMjJA bhI nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki, ve 'anubhava' tathA 'darzana' rUpa 'phala' ke prAzraya to haiM parantu, naiyAyikoM ke mata ke anusAra, 'anubhava' tathA 'darzana' For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 191 dhAtvartha na hokara nipAtArtha haiM, jaba ki dhAtvartharUpa phala ke Azraya kI hI 'karma' saMjJA mAnI gayI hai-nipAtArtharUpa 'phala' ke Azraya kI nhiiN| isa rUpa meM 'karma' saMjJA na hone ke kAraNa karmavAcya meM 'sukha' tathA 'guru' zabdoM meM prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga nahIM ho skegaa| naiyAyikoM ke mata meM upasthita hone vAle ina AkSepoM kA samAdhAna, pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM, "sakarmakatvaM ca phalazAlitvam" isa aMza meM kiyA gayA hai| ina paMktiyoM meM 'sakarmaka' dhAtuoM tathA 'karma' kAraka kI paribhASAoM meM 'sva' ke sAtha nipAta' pada kA saMyojana karake uparyukta donoM prAkSepoM kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'sakarmaka' kI paribhASA hogI "dhAtu yA, dhAtu ke samIpa uccarita 'nipAta', donoM meM se kisI eka ke artharUpa 'phala' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka dhAtu 'sakarmaka' hai" (sakarmakatvaM ca sva-sva-samabhivyAhRta-nipAtAnyatarArtha-phalavyadhikaraNa-vyApAra-vAcakatvam) / isI prakAra 'karma' kI paribhASA meM bhI 'nipAta' pada kA prayoga karake use isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA ki "dhAtu', athavA 'dhAtu' ke samIpa uccarita 'nipAta' donoM meM se kisI eka ke artharUpa 'phala' kA prAzraya 'karma' hai" (karmatvam' ca sv-sv-smbhivyaahRt-nipaataanytraarth-phl-shaalitvm)| tanna... samatvAt-- naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta-"upasarga' artha ke dyotaka haiM tathA 'nipAta' artha ke vAcaka haiM' kA khaNDana karate hue yahAM prathama hetu yaha diyA gayA ki 'nipAta' tathA 'upasarga' donoM tattvataH eka hI prakAra ke zabda haiM / antara kevala itanA hai ki kriyA padoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa 'pra' Adi kucha 'nipAtoM' kA eka aura nAma 'upasarga' par3a jAtA hai / jaba donoM eka hI prakAra ke zabda haiM to eka ko dyotaka tathA dUsare ko vAcaka kaise mAna liyA jAya ? nAmArtha-dhAtvarthayo)dena sAkSAt anvayAbhAvAt-dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki 'nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnane para 'sAkSAt kriyate guruH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'sAkSAtkAra' Adi arthoM ko prAtipadikArtha athavA nAmArtha mAnanA hogaa| aisI sthiti meM yahA~ nimna paribhASA upasthita hogI- "prAtipadikArtha tathA dhAtvartha kA bheda-sambandha se sIdhe anvaya nahIM huA karatA", apitu usa bhedasambandha (bhinna-arthatA) ko pragaTa karane vAlI dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM kI sahAyatA apekSita hotI hai-"nAmArtha-dhAtvarthayorbhedena sAkSAd anvyo'vyutpnnH"| isa paribhASA kA spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'nAma' ('prAtipadika') ke artha tathA dhAtu ke artha meM bheda-sambandha ('karmatva' Adi sambandha, jinase nAmArtha tathA dhAtvartha meM vidyamAna bhinnatA kI pratIti hotI ho) se pArasparika anvaya sIdhe nahIM hotA, apitu dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM ke artha 'karmatva' Adi kI sahAyatA vahA~ Avazyaka hotI hai / yadi vibhaktyatha kI sahAyatA ke binA bhI nAmArtha tathA dhAtvartha meM bheda-sambandha se paraspara anvaya kI sthiti mAna lI gayI to 'taNDulaM pacati' (cAvala pakAtA hai) isa artha kI abhivyakti ke liye 'taNDulaH pacati' isa asAdhu prayoga ko bhI sAdhu mAnanA hogaa| yA dUsare zabdoM meM nAmArtha (cAvala) tathA dhAtvartha (pakAtA hai) kA bheda sambandha, For Private and Personal Use Only

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19ra vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA arthAt karmatva sambandha, se binA dvitIyA vibhakti ke prayoga ke hI anvaya svIkAra karanA hogA --- aura yaha nizcita hI eka avAMchanIya sthiti hogii| tulanA karo-"nAmArthadhAtvarthayorbhedena sAkSAd anvayAsambhavAt nipAtArthadhAtvarthayoranvayasyaiva asambhavAt / anyathA 'taNDulaH pacati' ityatrApi karmatayA taNDulAnAM dhAtvarthe'nvayApatteH" (vai bhUsA0 pR0 373-74) / isa prakAra nAmArtha tathA dhAtvartha meM bhedasambandha se sIdhe anvaya na hone ke kAraNa 'nipAtArtha, (sAkSAtkAra' rUpa 'phala') kA 'kR' dhAtu ke artha 'vyApAra' meM, anukUlatva rUpa bhedasambandha se, anvaya nahIM ho sakegA / aura aisA na hone para 'sAkSAtkArAnukUla vyApAra' yaha bodha nahIM ho skegaa| nipAtArtha .... 'karmatvAnupapattazca-nAgeza ne tIsarA hetu yaha diyA ki 'nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnane para 'sAkSAtkriyate guruH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'guruH' ityAdi ke 'karmatva' kI sayuktika upapatti nahIM ho paatii| 'nipAtArtha' (sAkSAtkArarUpa 'phala') kI AzrayatA bhale hI 'karma' ('guru') meM mila jAya para 'karmatva' ke liye itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai / yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki 'phala' bhI prakRta dhAtu' kA hI artha ho| 'dhAtu'-vAcya 'phala' ke Azraya kI 'karma' saMjJA "karturIpsitatamaM' karma" (pA0 1,4,46) sUtra se kI gayI hai| isaliye nipAtArtha kA dhAtvartha meM antarbhAva mAne binA nipAtArtharUpa 'phala' ke prAzraya 'guru' Adi kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM ho sktii| vastutaH 'kArakoM' kA kArakatva taba taka siddha nahIM hotA jaba taka ve kriyA yA, dUsare zabdoM meM, dhAtvartha meM anvita na hoN| isaliye 'guru' ityAdi kI 'karmatA' kI siddhi ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki unakA dhAtvartha meM anvaya ho tathA yaha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba 'nipAtArtha' kA dhAtvartha meM antarbhAva kara diyA jAya / isa prakAra ina hetuoM ke AdhAra para nAgeza ne naiyAyikoM ke mata"nipAta arthoM ke vAcaka hote haiM"-kA khaNDana kara diyaa| [isa prasaGga meM nayAyikoM para anya vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA kiye gaye prAkSepa] yadapi kecit zAbdikA:-nipAtAnAM vAcakatve 'zobhana: samuccayaH' itivat 'zobhanazca' ityaapttiH| 'ghaTasya samuccayaH' itivat 'ghaTasya ca' ityApattiH / 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' ityAdau SaSThyApattizca-ityAhaH / aura jo ki kucha (koNDabhaTTa Adi) vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn kahate haiM ki 'nipAta' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnane para 'zobhanaH samuccayaH' (sundara saMkalana) isa prayoga ke samAna 'zobhana: ca' yaha (prayoga) bhI sAghu mAnanA pdd'egaa| 'ghaTasya samuccayaH' (ghaTa kA saMgraha) isa (prayoga) ke samAna 'ghaTasya ca' yaha 1. vaMmi0-paTaM ghaTaM ca pazyesyAdau SaSThyApattizcetyAhuH / nisa0 tathA kAprazu0 meM yaha aMza nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 163 (prayoga) bhI svIkAra karanA hogaa| isI prakAra 'dhaTaM paTaM ca pazya' (ghar3e aura vastra ko dekho) ityAdi prayogoM meM ('ghaTa' tathA 'paTa' zabdoM ke sAtha) SaSThI vibhakti kI prApti hogii| nAgeza bhaTaT ne yahA~ kauNDabhaTTa-racita vaiyyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ke usa sthala kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jahA~ kauNDabhaTTa ne naiyAyikoM ke mata- "nipAta' artho ke vAcaka haiM'.-meM aneka doSa dikhAye haiN| pahalA doSa yaha hai ki, yadi 'nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to jisa prakAra 'zobhana: samuccayaH' yaha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra 'zobhanaH ca' prayoga bhI kiyA jAnA cAhiye kyoMki isa mata ke anusAra 'ca'' samuccaya' artha kA vAcaka hai / isaliye jisa prakAra 'samuccaya' zabda 'samuccaya' artha kA vAcaka hai tathA vizeSya hai isa kAraNa usa meM 'zobhana' zabda kA vizeSaNa rUpa se anvaya hotA hai usI prakAra 'ca' zabda ke vAcya artha ko bhI vizeSya mAnate hue usameM bhI 'zobhanaH' vizeSaNa kA anvaya susaMgata mAna liyA jAnA caahiye| dra0 -- "zobhanaH samuccayo draSTavya' itivat 'zobhanazca draSTavyaH' ityasyApatta:" (vaibhUsA0 pR0374) / dUsarA doSa yaha diyA gayA ki 'ghaTasya samuccayaH' meM jisa prakAra 'samuccaya' zabda ke sambandha se 'ghaTa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra 'ca' zabda ke sambandha se bhI 'ghaTa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI-vibhakti kA prayoga karake 'ghaTasya ca' prayoga ko zuddha mAnanA cAhiye / eka paribhASA hai-"nAmArthayovibhinnavibhaktikayorbhedena anvayaH", arthAt do prAtipadikArthoM kA bheda-sambandha - 'vizeSyavizeSaNa' Adi sambandhoM-se anvaya tabhI ho sakatA hai jabaki unameM bhinna-bhinna vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho| isaliye 'vizeSya vizeSaNa sambandha' hone ke kAraNa 'ghaTasya ca' prayoga hI honA cAhiye, 'ghaTazca' prayoga nahIM honA cAhiye / vastutaH 'nipAtoM' ko artha kA vAcaka mAnane para 'nipAtoM' ke arthoM ko prAtipadikArtha mAnanA hogA aura do prAtipadikArthoM kA, binA SaSThI Adi vibhaktiyoM ke, bhedasambandha se anvaya ho nahIM sakatA isaliye 'ghaTazca' ke sthAna para 'ghaTasya ca' prayoga hI sAdhu ho sakatA hai aura yadi do prAtipadikArthoM kA binA SaSThI Adi vibhaktiyoM ke bhI, bheda sambandha se, anvaya susaMgata mAna liyA gayA to 'rAjA puruSaH' prayoga se bhI 'rAjA kA puruSa' isa artha kI pratIti hone lgegii| dra0 -- "api ca nipAtAnAM vAcakatve prAtipadikArthayovinA SaSThyAdikaM bhedena anvayAsambhavaH / anyathA 'rAjA puruSaH' ityasya 'rAjasambandhI puruSaH' ityarthasyApatteH' (vaibhUsA0 pR0 375-76) / kauNDabhaTTa-racita vaibhUsA0 ke isa prasaMga meM "ghaTasya samuccayaH' itivat 'ghaTasya ca" ke sthAna para " dhava-khadirayoH samuccayaH' itivat dhavasya ca khadirasya ca" yaha udAharaNa prApta hotA hai| tIsarA doSa yaha hai ki 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'ghaTa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti prApta hogI kyoMki yahA~ vivakSita artha yaha hai ki 'ghaTa aura paTa For Private and Personal Use Only

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164 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (ghaTa ke samuccaya se yukta paTa) ko dekho' / isa prakAra 'ghaTa' tathA 'ca' meM vizeSaNa-vizeSya sambandha hai-'ghaTa' vizeSaNa hai tathA 'ca' vizeSya hai-ghaTa-viziSTa jo samuccaya usase yukta jo paTa use dekho ('ghaTa-samuccayavantaM paTaM pshy')| isa rUpa meM, 'ghaTa' kA anvaya 'pazya' kriyA ke sAtha na hokara 'ca' ke sAtha hone ke kAraNa, 'ghaTa' meM SaSThI vibhakti honI caahiye| yaha tIsarA doSa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra meM nahIM milatA / sAtha hI paramalaghumaMjUSA ke bhI kucha saMskaraNoM meM nahIM miltaa| parantu uttara pakSa kI "kiMca ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' ityAdau 'ghaTama' ityasya kriyAyAmeva anvayaH" ityAdi paktiyoM ko dekhane se yaha sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki yahA~ palama0 ke pUrvapakSa meM "ghaTapaTa ca pazya' ityAdI SaSThyApattazca" itanA pATha bhI avazya rahA hogaa| anyathA uttara pakSa kI uparinirdiSTa paMktiyoM kI saMgati nahIM lgtii| vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM ye doSa isaliye upasthita nahIM hote ki ve 'upasargo' ke samAna 'nipAtoM' ko bhI artha kA dyotaka hI mAnate haiM, arthAt 'nipAta' ke sAtha uccarita pada hI, apane artha ke sAtha-sAtha, 'nipAta' padoM se dyotita hone vAle bhinna-bhinna arthoM kA bhI vAcaka bana jAtA hai| isaliye 'ca' zabda 'samuccaya' artha kA vAcaka na hokara usakA dyotaka mAtra hai| 'samuccaya' artha kA vAcaka to svayaM 'zobhanaH' hI hai| ataH eka pada ke dvArA hI donoM arthoM ko upasthita kara dene ke kAraNa 'zobhanaH' ke sAtha 'ca' kA vizeSya-vizeSaNa rUpa se anvaya nahIM ho sktaa| 'zobhana: samaccayaH prayoga to isaliye sAdhu hai ki 'samuccayaH' zabda jisa artha (saMgraha) kA vAcaka hai usake sAtha 'zobhana:' kA vizeSya-vizeSaNarUpa se anvaya ho jAtA hai| yahAM 'zobhanaH' vizeSya hai tathA 'samuccayaH' vishessnn| isI taraha 'ghaTasya samuccayaH' ke samAna 'ghaTasya ca' prayoga bhI isaliye sAdhu nahIM ho sakatA ki yahA~ bhI samuccaya artha ko svayaM 'ghaTa' zabda hI apane vAcya artha ke rUpa meM prakaTa kara detA hai---'ca' nipAta to kevala usakA dyotana mAtra karatA hai| isaliye 'ghaTazca' prayoga hI vyutpanna ho sakatA hai| vastutaH 'ghaTazca' prayoga meM do prAtipadikArtha hote hI nahIM, jinakA bheda-sambandha dikhAne ke liye SaSThI vibhakti lAyI jAye, jabaki 'ghaTasya samuccayaH' prayoga meM do prAtipradikArtha haiM jinameM bheda-sambandha dikhAne ke liye SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' isa prayoga meM bhI 'ghaTa' kA 'ca' ke sAtha anvaya na hone, apitu sIdhe kriyA ('pazya') ke sAtha anvaya hone, ke kAraNa vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM to 'ghaTa' ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti hI A sakatI hai| [koNDabhaTTa ke prAkSepoM ko nissAratA] tnn| zabda-zaktisvabhAvena nipAtaiH svArthasya paravizeSaNatvenaiva bodhanena vizeSaNAnvayAprasaGgAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 165 'ca'-zabdadyotya'-samuccayasya asattva-bhUtatvAt SaSThyaprAptezca / kiMca 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' ityAdau ghaTa'-padasya ghaTapratiyogika-samuccayavati aprasiddhA zaktireva lakSaNA / 'ca'-zabdastu tAtparyagrAhakaH / ataeva ubhayoH sAmAnAdhikaraNyena kriyAnvayAd dvitiiyaa| 'ghaTa'-samuccayavantaM paTaM pazya' iti bodhaH / 'samuccayasya pratiyogyAkAkSAyAM sannihitatvAd 'ghaTasya' pratiyogitvam paTe tu samuccayasya bhedena anvayo na tu paTasya samuccaye iti kva SaSThyApAdanam / "nAmArthayorabhedAnvaya."-vyutpattistu nipaataatiriktvissyaa| vaha (kauNDabhaTTa Adi kA kathana) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki zabda kI zakti ke svabhAva ke kAraNa 'nipAta' apane artha ko anya zabdoM ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI prakaTa karate haiN| isaliye 'ca' Adi ('nipAtoM') kA punaH vizeSaNoM (zobhanaH' Adi) ke sAtha anvita hone kA prasaMga hI nahIM hai| aura 'ca' 'nipAta' ke dyotya artha 'samuccaya' ke dravya na hone ke kAraNa SaSThI (vibhakti) kI prApti bhI nahIM hai| tathA 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' (ghar3e tathA vastra ko dekho) ityAdi (vAkyoM) meM 'ghaTa' isa pada kI, ghaTa ke (ghaTa-pratiyogika) samuccaya se yukta, paTa meM aprasiddhA zakti athavA 'lakSaNA' mAnanI cAhiye / 'ca' nipAta to ('ghaTa' zabda ke isa viziSTa) tAtparya kA dyotaka (mAtra) hai| isaliye donoM ('ghaTa' tathA 'paTa') kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya sambandha se kriyA ('pazya') ke sAtha anvaya hone ke kAraNa donoM ('ghaTa' tathA 'paTa') zabdoM ke sAtha dvitIyA (vibhakti) hotI hai| (isI kAraNa isa vAkya se) 'ghaTa sahita paTa ko dekho' yaha bodha hotA hai / 'samuccaya' (sahita kA bhAva) ke pratiyogI kI 'yAkAMkSA' hone para, samIpa meM sthita hone ke kAraNa 'ghaTa' ko hI pratiyogI mAnA jaaygaa| 'paTa' meM to 'samuccaya' (sahitatA) kA bheda sambandha se hI anvaya hogA, na ki 'samuccaya' meM 'paTa' kaa| isaliye SaSThI vibhakti kI upasthiti kahA~ ho sakatI hai ? "do prAtipadikArthoM meM abheda-sambandha se anvaya hotA hai" yaha vyutpatti (niyama) to nipAtoM se bhinna viSaya vAlI hai| 1. nisa0 tathA kAprazu0 meM--'ca zabda-dyotya... .. .. asattvabhUtatvAt" yaha aMza anupalabdha hai| 2. nisa0 tathA kAprazu0 meM "ghaTapadasya ....."dvitIyA" yaha aMza bhI anupalabdha haiN| isa ke sthAna para vahAM "ghaTam' ityasya kriyAyAm evAnvayaH / ata: eva tato dvitIyA" itanA hI pATha milatA hai| 3. nisa0 tathA kAprazu0-ghaTaM / 4. vaMmi meM 'svanmate'pi' itanA adhika hai| 5. ha. meM isake bAda 'vAcyArtham AdAya' itanA adhika hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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166 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kauNDabhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra meM, nipAtoM ko artha kA vAcaka mAnane vAle, naiyAyikoM para jo uparyukta AkSepa kiye haiM ve nAgezabhaTTa kI dRSTi meM bahuta yuktiyukta nahIM haiM / isaliye unakA nirAkaraNa karate hue nAgeza ne unheM yahA~ anucita ThaharAyA hai| zabda-zakti-svabhAvena 'aprasaMgAt-kauNDabhaTaTTa ne naiyAyikoM ke mata meM jitane bhI doSa dikhAye haiM ve isa mAnyatA para nirbhara haiM ki 'nipAtoM' ke arthoM kA vizeSaNa ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai| parantu nAgeza ke anusAra unakI yaha mAnyatA hI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki zabdoM kA apanA apanA alaga alaga svabhAva hotA hai tathA apane svabhAva ke anukUla hI unase artha kI bhinna bhinna rUpa meM pratIti hotI hai| isake liye zabda-svabhAva ke atirikta koI anya kAraNa nahIM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA / udAharaNa ke liye - eka hI 'pacana' kriyA 'pAka' zabda ke dvArA 'siddha' yA niSpanna rUpa meM kahI jAtI hai parantu 'pacati' zabda ke dvArA vahI 'sAdhya' yA aniSpanna rUpa meM prakaTa kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra 'nipAta' zabda bhI svabhAvataH aise haiM ki ve sadA hI dUsare zabdArtha ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI susaMgata ho pAte haiM -vizeSya ke rUpa meM nhiiN| isa prakAra-kevala vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI upasthita hone ke kAraNa ---nipAtoM kA kisI dUsare vizeSaNa ke sAtha anvita hone kI bAta hI nahIM utthtii| 'ca'-zabda-dhotya .. SaSThyaprAptezca-eka dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki 'ca' nipAta kA dyotya artha 'samuccaya' hai aura yaha artha 'asattvabhUta' hai, arthAt dravya nahIM hai (dra0-"cAdayo'sattve" pA0 1.4.57) / isa kAraNa usa asattvabhUta artha kI dRSTi se 'ghaTa' zabda meM SaSThI vibhakti nahIM A sktii| parantu svayaM nAgezabhaTTa kI yaha yukti bhI kucha Thosa nahIM pratIta hotI kyoMki 'ghaTasya ghaTatvam' ityAdi prayogoM meM bhI 'ghaTatvam kA artha asattvabhUta hI hai| parantu yahA~ 'ghaTa' zabda' ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti prayukta hotI hI hai| kica ghaTaM paTaM ca .... dvitIyA-- 'ghaTaM paTaM ca pazya' ityAdi meM SaSTI vibhakti kI prApti kA jo tIsarA doSa hai usameM bhI, nAgeza ke anusAra, koI sAra nahIM hai kyoMki isa prayoga meM 'ghaTa' pada kA artha kevala ghaTa nahIM hai apitu usakA artha hai 'ghaTa ke samuccaya se yukta' / 'ghaTa' zabda ke isa viziSTa tAtparya ko isa zabda kI aprasiddhA zakti, athavA dUsare zabdoM meM lakSaNA vRtti, se prakaTa mAnanA caahiye| Upara lakSaNA ke prakaraNa meM, lakSaNA vRtti kA khaNDana' karate hue, nAgeza use aprasiddhA zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara Aye haiN| usI dRSTi se yahA~ aprasiddhA zakti athavA 'lakSaNA' vRtti kI bAta kahI gyii| __isa prakAra 'ghaTa ke samuccaya se yukta' itanA artha 'ghaTa' pada kA hai| isa prayoga kA 'ca' nipAta, 'ghaTa' zabda ke, isa viziSTa tAtparya kA dyotaka mAtra hai| isa kAraNa isa artha kI dRSTi se yahA~ 'ghaTa' tathA 'paTa' donoM hI paTa artha ko kaha rahe haiM--donoM kA adhikaraNa eka (paTa) hI hai / isa rUpa meM samAna-adhikaraNatA se yukta ina donoM 'ghaTa' tathA 'paTa' padoM kA 'pazya' kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai| ataH isa vAkya kA artha hai-'ghaTa ke samuccaya se yukta paTa ko dekho|' isa rUpa meM 'ghaTa' tathA 'paTa' donoM padoM kA 'pazya' kriyA meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa donoM ke sAtha hI dvitIyA vibhakti prayukta hogI / isakA For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha nirNaya 167 kAraNa yaha hai ki 'ghaTa', 'pazya' kriyA kA, 'karma' kAraka hai / kAraka meM kriyA se anvita hone kA dharma to honA hI cAhiye - usake binA to kAraka ko kAraka hI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isaliye, kriyA meM 'karma' kAraka ke rUpa meM anvita hone ke kAraNa, 'ghaTa' ke sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga hI nyAyya hai / samuccayasya pratiyogyAkAMkSAyAM... ghaTasya pratiyogitvam -- yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki 'ghaTa sahita paTa ko dekho' isa prakAra ke bodha meM sahita ( samuccaya) kA pratiyogI (vizeSaNa) kauna hai, arthAt kisakA samuccaya hai, isa prakAra kI jijJAsA ke upasthita hone para svabhAvataH 'ghaTa' ko hI samuccaya kA pratiyogI mAnA jAyagA kyoMki vaha 'ca' ke samIpa pUrva meM prayukta hai / parantu pratiyogI hone para bhI 'ghaTa' zabda se SaSThI vibhakti nahIM yA sakatI kyoMki vahA~ pahale hI, pazya' kriyA se anvita hone ke kAraNa, dvitIyA vibhaktigrA cukI hai| isaliye pratyayAnta hone ke kAraNa, "prarthavad adhAtur pratyayaH prAtipadikam " ( pA0 1.2.45) sUtra meM vidyamAna 'prapratyayaH' niSedha se, 'ghaTam' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogI aura 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke prabhAva meM SaSThI vibhakti nahIM A sakatI / paTe tu samuccayasya "kva SaSThyapAdanam - jahA~ taka 'paTa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti ke Ane kI bAta hai vaha bhI nahIM banatI kyoMki 'paTa' meM to 'samuccaya' kA bhedasambandha (anuyogitA - nirUpaka), yA dUsare zabdoM meM vizeSyatAvacchedaka sambandha, se anvaya hotA hai | parantu 'samuccaya' meM 'paTa' kA bheda - sambandha se granvaya nahIM hotA / sarala zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ 'paTa ' vizeSya tathA 'samuccaya' vizeSaNa hai / isalie 'vizeSyatA- nirUpaka' sambandha se 'paTa' meM to 'samuccaya' kA anvaya hotA hai parantu 'samuccaya' meM 'paTa' kA isI sambandha se granvaya nahIM hotA kyoMki 'paTa', 'samuccaya' kA, vizeSaNa nahIM hai / isa prakAra, vizeSaraNa na hokara, vizeSya hone ke kAraNa 'paTa' zabda ke sAtha bhI SaSThI vibhakti nahIM A sakatI, apitu 'pazya' kriyA se anvita hone ke kAraNa dvitIyA vibhakti hI vahA~ bhI prayukta hogI kyoMki "vizeSaraNa vAcaka zabdoM se SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai, vizeSya-vAcaka zabdoM se nahIM" yaha sabhI mAnate haiM / isa taraha uparyukta prayoga meM kisI bhI zabda meM SaSThI vibhakti nahIM upasthita hogI / pratiyogI tathA zranuyogI - 'pratiyogI' tathA 'granuyogI' ye donoM zabda nyAya darzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke bar3e vyApaka zabdoM meM se hai / inheM hindI bhASA ke kisI eka zabda dvArA spaSTa karanA kaThina hai / parantu isa prasaMga meM inake liye kramazaH vizeSaraNa tathA vizeSya zabda se kArya calAyA jA sakatA hai / inake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'rAjJaH puruSa:' ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ 'rAjA' 'puruSa' kA 'pratiyogI' tathA 'puruSa' 'rAjA' kA 'anuyogI' hai / nAmArthayorabhedAnvayavyutpattistu nipAtAtirikta viSayA - eka paribhASA hai arthAt samAna vibhakti vAle do prAti / "samAna - vibhaktika-nAmArthayor prabhedAnvayaH " padikArthoM meM prabhedasambandha se anvaya hotA hai ataH isa niyama ke hote hue do prAtipadikArthI, 'ghaTa' tathA 'samuccaya' meM bhedasambandha ( 'ghaTa' ko vizeSaNa tathA 'samuccaya' ko vizeSya) evaM 'paTa' tathA 'samuccaya' meM bhedasambandha, ('paTa' ko vizeSya tathA For Private and Personal Use Only

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198 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA 'samuccaya' ko vizeSaNa) kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai jaba ki donoM meM, vibhinna vibhakti na hokara, samAna vibhaktiyA~ hI haiN| isa AzaMkA kA uttara nAgeza ne yahA~ yahAM diyA hai ki "nAmArthayorabhedAnvayavyutpattiH" yaha paribhASA 'nipAta' zabdoM se atirikta viSayoM meM upasthita huA karatI hai| isaliye 'nipAtoM' kI carcA karate hue hameM isa niyama ko bhUla jAnA cAhiye aura 'ghaTa' tathA 'samuccaya' meM vizeSaNa-vizeSya sambandha aura 'paTa' tathA samuccaya' meM vizeSya-vizeSaNa sambandha ke rUpa meM bhedasambandha se anvaya svIkAra kara lenA cAhiye / vastutaH 'prAtipadika' zabda 'liGga' tathA 'saMkhyA' se yukta hote haiM, parantu 'nipAta' zabda isa prakAra ke nahIM hote / isaliye inake 'prAtipadika' na hone ke kAraNa uparinirdiSTa paribhASA 'nipAtoM' ke viSaya meM lAgU nahIM hotii| vaibhUsA0 (pR0 377-78) meM isa bAta kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isa rUpa meM 'nipAtoM' kI vAcakatA ke mata meM kauNDabhaTTa dvArA dikhAye gaye doSoM kA nAgeza ne apanI uparyukta yuktiyoM se khaNDana to kara diyA para 'sakarmakatva' Adi ke viSaya meM uparyukta avyavasthA ko dekhate hue 'nipAtoM' ko dyotaka hI mAnanA cAhiye yaha nAgezabhaTTa kA abhiprAya hai / [dyotaka hone para bhI nipAta sArthaka haiM, anarthaka nahIM] nipAtAnAm arthavattvam api dyotyArtham AdAyaiva / zakti-lakSaNA-dyotakatAnyatama' sambandhena bodhakatvasyaiva arthavattvAt / naJsamAse 'uttarapadArtha-prAdhAnyam' dyotyArthApekSayA eva / dyotya artha ke AdhAra para hI 'nipAtoM' kI arthavattA hai kyoMki 'abhidhA', 'lakSaNA' tathA 'vyaMjanA meM se kisI eka sambandha se (artha kA) bodhaka zabda arthavAn hotA hai| nasamAsa maiM 'uttara pada' ke artha kI pradhAnatA ('na' nipAta ke) dyotya artha kI dRSTi se hI hai| nipAtAnAm.. 'prAdAyaiva :-'nipAtoM' ko artha kA dyotaka mAnane kA yaha abhiprAtha kadApi nahIM hai ki 'nipAta' zabda arthavAn nahIM haiN| dyotya artha ke AdhAra para bhI 'nipAta' sArthaka mAne jA sakate haiM kyoMki zabda ko sArthaka mAnane ke liye yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai vaha abhidhA vRtti se hI artha ko prakaTa kre| 'abhidhA', 'lakSaNA' tathA 'vyaMjanA' ('dyotakatA') inameM kisI bhI vRtti ke dvArA yadi zabda abhISTa artha ko prakaTa karatA hai to usa zabda ko arthavAn mAnA jAyagA / isaliye dyotaka hone para bhI 'nipAta' zabdoM kI sArthakatA samApta nahIM hotii| 1. ha0anyatara-1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 196 nasamAse .. uttara-padArtha-prAdhAnyam :- 'nipAtoM' ke sArthaka mAnane ke kAraNa hI naJsamAsa meM 'na' nipAta se dyotya artha ke vizeSaNa (apradhAna) hone se uttarapada ke artha kI vizeSyatA (pradhAnatA) mAnI jAtI hai| yadi pUrvapada ke rUpa meM vidyamAna 'na' kA koI artha hI na ho, use sarvathA anarthaka mAnA jAya, to kisa pada kI apekSA uttarapada ke artha kI pradhAnatA svIkAra kI jAyagI ? jaise-'abrAhmaNaH' kA artha hai jo vastutaH brAhmaNa to nahIM hai para brAhmaNa ke sadRza hai, usameM kisI guNa Adi ke kAraNa brAhmaNatva Aropita hai| yahA~ 'sAdRzya' yA 'Aropitatva' artha 'na' nipAta kA, jo samAsa kA pUrva pada hai, dyotya artha hai| 'na' kA yaha artha samAsa ke uttarapada 'brAhmaNaH' ke artha kA vizeSaNa hai| isaliye uttarapada ('brAhmaNaH') kA artha pradhAna huaa| dra0-nasamAse cAparasya dyotyam pratyeva mukhytaa| dyotyamevArthamAdAya jAyante nAmataH supaH / / (vabhUsA0 pR0 385) ["upasarga arthoM ke dyotaka haiM" isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana] 'pratiSThate' ityatra 'tiSThatiH' eva gati-vAcI dhAtUnAm anekaarthtvaat| 'pra'-zabdastu tadartha-gatyAditvasya dyotakaH / ataeva "dhAtuH pUrvaM sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeraNa" iti siddhAntitam / ('sAdhanena'-) sAdhanaM kArakamtatprayukta-kAryeNa / 'upasargeNa'-upasarga-saMjJaka-zabdena' / tatra hi bhASye (6. 1. 135)-- "pUrva dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAt sAdhanena' iti' / naitat sAram / 'pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeNa' sAdhanaM hi kriyAM nivartayati / tAm upasargo vizinaSTi / (abhinivRttasya cArthasya upasargeNa vizeSaH zakyo vaktum') / satyam evam etat / yastvasau dhAtUpasargayor abhisambandhastam abhyantaraM kRtvA dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate / 1. ha0 meM yahA~ krama-viparyaya hai-'tiSThatireva dhAtUnAm anekArthatvAd gtivaacii'| 2. vaMmi0- gatyAdimatvasya / ha0 meM isake bAda 'ityArthaH' itanA adhika hai| 4. ha0 tathA vaMmi0 meM isake bAda 'itara Aha' itanA adhika hai / 5. yaha koSThakAntargata pATha palama0 meM chUTA huA hai parantu mahA0 meM upalabdha hai| 6. vNmi0-ev| 7. ha. meM 'satyam evam etat' yaha aMza anupalabdha hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 200 www.kobatirth.org 1. 2. 3. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-majUSA avazyaM caitad evaM vijJeyam' / yo hi manyate pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate, pazcAd upasargeNa iti tasya 'Asyate gururaNA' ityakarmakaH, 'upAsyate guruH' iti kena' sakarmakaH syAt" iti / 'pratiSThate' (prasthAna karatA hai grathabA jAtA hai) yahA~ ( ' gati nivRtti' artha vAlI) 'sthA' (dhAtu) hI " dhAtuoM ke pranekArthaka hone ke kAraNa " 'gati' artha kA vAcaka hai / 'pra' zabda to usa ('sthA' dhAtu) ke artha - ' gatikA prArambha' kA dyotaka hai| isIliye ( ' upasargoM' ke artha - dyotaka hone ke kAraNa ) " dhAtuH pUrvaM sAvanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeNa " (dhAtu pahale sAdhana se yukta hotI hai usake bAda 'upasarga' se) yaha siddhAnta banAyA gayA / 'sAdhana' ( kA abhiprAya) hai 'kAraka', ( zrarthAt ) usa ( ' kAraka') se prayukta kArya ('laT, Adi) / 'upasargeNa ' ( isa pada kA abhiprAya hai) 'upasarga' saMjJA vAle ( 'pra', 'parA' Adi ) zabda | isa prasaMga meM mahAbhASya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "pahale dhAtu 'upasarga' se yukta hotI hai bAda meM 'kAraka' se / yaha kathana satya nahIM hai / 'dhAtu' pahale 'sAdhana' se yukta hotI hai bAda meM ' upasarga' se kyoMki 'kAraka' (sva-prayukta 'laT' Adi ke dvArA) kriyA ko banAtA hai ( usakA 'sAdhya' rUpa se bodha karAtA hai)| usa ( 'sAdhya' rUpa se jJAta kriyA) ko ' upasarga' (apane dyotya artha ke dvArA) vizeSa artha se yukta karatA hai / (abhiniSpanna artha kI vizeSatA ko hI upasarga ke dvArA kahA jA sakatA hai) / isI rUpa meM yaha (bAta) satya hai / parantu vaha jo 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga' kA bAda meM hone vAlA abhisambandha hai usako apane andara samAviSTa kara ke ( usa artha ko prakaTa karate hue ) 'dhAtu' 'kArakoM' se yukta hotI hai| isa bAta ko isI rUpa meM avazya mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki jo yaha mAnatA hai ki pahale 'dhAtu ' ( ' upasarga' ke sambandha se dyotya artha ko apane andara samAviSTa kiye binA hI ) 'sAdhana' ('kAraka') se yukta hotI hai bAda meM 'upasarga' se ( dhAtu kA sambandha hotA hai aura taba ' upasarga' viziSTa artha kI pratIti hotI hai), usake mata meM 'Aste guruNA' (guru baiThatA hai) yaha 'akarmaka' prayoga 'upAsyate guruH' ( guru kI upAsanA yA pUjA kI jAtI hai) isa rUpa meM 'sakarmaka' kaise hogA" ? Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki naiyAyika 'nipAtoM' ko, unase prakaTa hone vAle, pratha kA vAcaka mAnate haiM tathA 'upasargoM' ko dyotaka / parantu vaiyAkararaNa, vizeSataH navIna vaiyAkaraNa, donoM ko samAna rUpa se artha kA dyotaka mAnate haiM / jahA~ taka 'upasargoM kI artha- dyotakatA kI bAta hai aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bahuta prAcIna kAla se yaha vivAda calatA A rahA hai ki 'upasarga' artha ke vAcaka haiM yA dyotaka / yAska ke nirukta (113) meM isa viSaya meM do rocaka matoM kI carcA milatI hai / vaiyAkaraNoM meM pratiSThita prAcArya ha0 meM 'avazyaM caitad evaM vijJeyam' yaha aMza bhI anupalabdha hai / ha0 tathA vaMmi0 meM " pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd ' upasargeNa ' iti" yaha aMza anupalabdha hai / ha0 meM anupalabdha hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 201 zAkaTAyana 'upasargoM' ko artha kA dyotaka mAnate the-"na nibaMddhA upasargA arthAn nirAhuriti zAkaTAyanaH nAmAkhyAtayostu karmopasaMyogadyotakA bhavanti' (upasarga svataMtra rUpa se arthoM ko, apane vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM nahIM kahate apitu 'prAtipadikoM' tathA 'dhAtuoM' ke viziSTa arthoM ke saMyoga ke dyotaka hote haiN)| dUsarI ora narukta vidvAn gAgyaM kA mata hai ki 'upasarga' arthoM ke vAcaka hote haiM- "uccAvacAH padArthA bhavanti iti gAyaH" / vastutaH veda-maMtroM meM aise aneka sthala mila jAte haiM jahA~ svataMtra rUpa se 'upasarga' artho ke vAcaka dikhAI dete haiN| bAda kI bhASA meM 'upasargo' kA svataMtra rUpa se arthAbhidhAna-sAmarthya prAya: nahIM dikhAI detaa| isaliye pataMjali tathA bhartRhari ityAdi, pANinIya-vyAkaraNa ke mUrdhAbhiSikta vidvAn, 'upasargo' kI arthadyotakatA-pakSa ke hI prabala samarthaka haiM / 'pratiSThate' ityatra ... dyotakaH-- 'nipAtoM' kI dyotakatA kI siddhi ke pazcAt 'upasargoM' kI dyotakatA ke prabala pratipAdana ke liye nAgeza ne yaha prasaMga prArambha kiyA hai / 'pratiSThate' kA udAharaNa isa carcA kA upakrama hai| 'sthA' 'dhAtu' kA artha pANinIya dhAtupATha meM 'gati-nivRtti' athavA 'gati rahitatA' mAnA gayA hai / isIliye tiSThati' kA artha 'gatirahita ho kara ThaharanA' hai / parantu 'pratiSThate' kA artha 'prasthAna karanA'-gati, gamana athavA yAtrA kA prArambha krnaa-hai| ina 'tiSThati' tathA 'pratiSThate' ke arthoM meM spaSTata: paryApta antara hai| isaliye anvaya-vyatireka ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'pratiSThate' meM 'gamana' artha 'pra' 'upasarga' kA hI hai| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne isa anvaya-vyatireka kI bAta ko nimna zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai :--' iha tahi vyaktam arthAntaraM gamyate 'tiSThati' 'pratiSThate' iti / 'tiSThati' iti vaji-kriyAyAH nivRttiH / 'pratiSThate' iti vaji-kriyA gamyate / te manyAmahe upasargakRtam etad yena atra ji-kriyA gamyate" (mahA0 1. 3. 1.) / / parantu pataMjali ne svayaM hI isa prasaMga meM Age calakara sthiti ko spaSTa kara diyA hai / vastutaH 'dhAtueM' aneka artha vAlI hotI haiM : - 'dhAtuoM' ke jina arthoM kA nirdeza dhAtupATha meM milatA hai vaha kevala upalakSaNa ke rUpa meM pradhAna yA prasiddha artho kA hI nirdeza samajhanA cAhiye / artha-nirdeza karane vAle prAcArya ne isa pravRtti kA jJApana svayaM dhAtu pATha meM hI kara diyA hai jisake pramANa Upara diye jA cuke haiN| 'dhAtuoM' kI isa anekArthakatA ke siddhAnta ke kAraNa hI, 'dhAtunoM' se kisI bhI rUpa meM prakaTa hone vAle arthoM ko 'dhAtuoM' kA hI vAcyArtha mAna liyA gyaa| isaliye 'pra' ke saMyoga se 'sthA dhAtu' ke dvArA jo artha prakaTa hotA hai vaha 'sthA dhAtu' kA hI hai 'pra' to usakA dyotana mAtra karatA hai / 'upasargoM' kI dyotakatA kA yaha sabase bar3A hetu hai / yadi anvaya vyatireka ke AdhAra para 'pra' svayaM 'gati' artha ko kaha sakatA hai to vaha pRthak svataMtra rUpa meM usa artha ko kyoM nahIM kahatA / pataMjali ke nimna zabdoM meM yahI Azaya sannihita hai : "baha varthA api dhAtavo bhavanti iti / tadyathA 'vapiH' prakiraNe dRSTa: chedane cApi vartate- 'kezazmazru vapati' iti / 'IDi:' stuticodanAyAJcAsu dRSTaH, preraNe cApi vartate 'agnirvA ito vRSTim ITTa maruto'mutazcyAvayanti' / ...evam ihApi tiSThatireva pratikriyAm aAha tiSThatireva vajikriyAyA nivRttim" (mahA0 1.3.1) For Private and Personal Use Only

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202 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA ataeva kena sakarmakaH syAt :- 'upasargo" kI dyotakatA kI siddhi ke liye hI nAgeza ne mahAbhASya ke eka siddhAnta ko yahAM pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / vaha siddhAnta hai - " dhAtu' kA sambandha pahale kArakoM se hotA hai usake bAda 'upasargoM se hotA hai" / "upapadam pratiGa " ( pA0 2.2.18) tathA "suT kAt pUrvaH " ( pA0 6.1.135) ina donoM sUtroM ke bhASya meM isa siddhAnta kA ullekha milatA hai / parantu jina paktiyoM ko yahAM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai ve "suTakAt pUrvaH " ke bhASya se lI gayI haiM / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa siddhAnta kA prAya yaha hai ki 'dhAtu' kA sambandha pahale, 'kArakoM' ko kahane vAle, 'laT' Adi se hotA hai kyoMki ye 'lakAra' kriyA ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM prastuta karake kriyA ke kriyAtva kI niSpatti karate haiM / jaba 'dhAtu' ke dvArA 'laT' Adi kI sahAyatA se kriyA kI 'sAdhyatvena' pratIti ho jAtI hai taba usake pazcAt 'dhAtu' kA ' upasarga' zabdoM ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai / isake viparIta yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki 'dhAtu' kA sambandha pahale 'upasarga' se hotA hai phira bAda meM 'kAraka' - prayukta laT' Adi se kyoMki yadi isa bAta ko mAna liyA jAya to 'pratyeti', 'pratyayaH' yA radhyayane vRttam' (pA0 7.2.26) sUtra kA 'adhyayana' ityAdi aneka prayogoM kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina prayogoM meM 'i' dhAtu kA 'kAraka' prayukta 'pratyayoM' se sambandha hokara 'eti', 'aya:' ayanam' ityAdi zabdoM kI niSpatti ke pazcAt unake sAtha ' upasarga' kA sambandha dRSTigocara hotA hai / yadi ' upasargo' ke sAtha 'dhAtu' ko pahale sambaddha kara diyA jAya to ina prayogoM meM, yaraNa sandhi na hokara, savarNadIrgha sandhi hogI tathA aneka aniSTa prayogoM kI sRSTi hogI / " pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAt sAdhanena" isa paMkti kA ' upasargeraNa' zabda bhI vizeSa mahattva kA hai| 'upasargeNa' kA artha hai 'pra', 'parA' Adi kevala ' upasarga'zabda / ina ' upasargoM ke artha yahAM abhipreta nahIM haiM / abhiprAya yaha hai ki isa niyama ke anusAra yaha ThIka hai ki 'dhAtu' ke sAtha ' upasarga' zabdoM kA sambandha bAda meM hotA hai / parantu 'dhAtu' ke jisa viziSTa artha kA pradarzana yA dyotana (bAda meM 'dhAtu ' ke sAtha sambaddha hokara) ye 'pra' Adi upasarga karAyA karate haiM una arthoM ko, 'upasarga' zabdoM ke sambandha se pahale hI, apane antargata karake, apane meM samaviSTa karake, 'ghAtu' 'kAraka' - prayukta 'laT' Adi 'pratyoM' se yukta hotA hai aura usake bAda 'laT' prAdi 'pratyayoM' se yukta 'dhAtu' ke sAtha 'upasarga' zabdoM kA sambandha hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki 'dhAtu' meM ve artha pahale se hI vidyamAna rahate haiM jinakA dyotana bAda meM 'dhAtu' se sambaddha hone vAle 'upasarga kiyA karate haiM / yadi koI yaha kahe ki ' upasarga' kA abhiprAya 'pra' Adi zabda tathA unake artha donoM se hI hai tathA 'dhAtu' kA 'laT' Adi se sambandha ho jAne ke bAda hI 'upasarga' zabda aura unake artha donoM hI 'dhAtu' se sambaddha hote haiM to isa prazna kA uttara denA hogA ki 'prAsyate guruNA ' prayoga meM akarmaka 'As' dhAtu se 'bhAva' meM jaba 'lakAra' A gayA to usase 'upa' upasarga ke sAtha sambaddha hokara banane vAle 'upAsyate guruH' prayoga meM vahI 'dhAtu' sakarmaka kaise ho gayI, usase 'karma' meM 'lakAra' kahAM se A gayA, vaha 'dhAtu' to 'akarmaka' hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha nirNaya 203 'dhAtuoM' ko anekArthaka tathA 'upasargoM' ko arthoM kA dyotaka mAnane vAlA to yaha kaha sakatA hai ki 'Asa' 'dhAtu' 'upa' upasarga ke dyotya artha ko, usase sambaddha hone se pUrva bhI, apane meM samAviSTa kiye rahatI hai isaliye vaha 'sakarmaka' hai / ataH usase 'karma' meM lakAra grA jAtA hai tathA usake bAda 'sakarmaka' 'prAs' dhAtu kA 'upa' upasarga se sambandha hotA hai / isa taraha usa pakSa meM koI doSa nahIM AtA / vastutaH "pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeNa " yaha niyama bana hI taba pAtA hai yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki 'upasarga' kA artha pahale hI 'dhAtu' ke artha meM antarbhUta rahA karatA hai| yadi isa tathya ko samajhe binA hI isa uparyukta niyama ko mAna liyA gayA to ' upAsyate guruH' kI kaThinAI kA koI samAdhAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA / isI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke liye pataMjali ne kahA - " yastvasau dhAtUpasargayorabhisambandhastam abhyantaraM kRtvA dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate " / isaliye yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki 'upAsyate guruH' 'jaise prayogoM meM pahale 'upAsanA' Adi kriyA rUpa artha kI upasthiti vaktA kI buddhi meM ho jAtI hai, phira use prakaTa karane ke liye vaha 'As' dhAtu kA prayoga karanA cAhatA hai / aura kriyA, sAdhya hone ke kAraNa, sAdhana kI prAkAGakSA karatI hai, ataH pahale 'sAdhana' artha kI upasthiti aura phira usake vAcaka 'laT' Adi 'pratyayoM' kA dhAtu se sambandha hotA hai / isa taraha sabake bAda 'dhAtu' kA sambandha ' upasarga' se hotA hai kyoMki usase 'pras' dhAtu ke 'upAsanA' rUpa artha kA dyotana hotA hai / yadi 'upa' ko 'dhAtu' ke sAtha na jor3A jAya to kevala 'As' dhAtu ke prayoga se 'upAsanA' Adi artha kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki sAmAnyatayA usase upAsanA artha kI pratiti nahIM hotI / isa rUpa meM, 'dhAtu' ko hI 'upAsanA' artha kA vAcaka mAnate hue 'upAsyate guruH' ityAdi prayogoM meM dhAtu ke 'sakarmakatva' kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / isI tathya ko kaiyaTa ne nimna zabdoM meM suspaSTa kiyA hai-- pUrvaM sAdhanAbhidhAyipratyayotpattiH pazcAt sAdhana saMsRSTa eva dhAturupasargeNa yujyate / 'anubhUyate sukham', 'upAsyate guruH' ityAdI dhAtureva sakarmikAM kriyAM vakti upasargastu dyotakaH ( mahA0 pradIpa 2.1.18 ) / [ upasargoM kI artha- dyotakatA ke viSaya meM bhartRhari kA kathana ] hariNApyuktam - dhAtoH sAdhanayogasya bhAvinaH prakramAd yathA / dhAtutvaM karmabhAvazca tathAnyadapi dRzyatAm // vApa0 2.186. buddhisthAd abhisambandhAttathA dhAtUpasargayoH / abhyantarIkRto bheda: pada-kAle prakAzate // vApa0 2.188. For Private and Personal Use Only

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204 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA asyArthaH-yathA bhAvi-sAdhana-sambandhAzrayaNena kriyAvAcitvam Azritya dhAtusaMjJA ucyate', yathA ca sanpratyaye cikISite bhAvi iSikarmatvam Azritya upakrame eva iSikarmatvam uktam tathA bhAvyupasargasambandhAd upakrame eva viziSTakriyAvAcakatvaM dRzyatAm / dhAtUpasargayoH sambandhaM buddhiviSayI-kRtya upasargArthakRto vizeSo dhAtunava abhyantarIkRtaH padaprayoga-kAle' upasargasambandhe sati prakAzate / 'zrotuH' iti zeSaH / upasarga-yogAt prAgeva dhAtunaiva upasartha viziSTa: svArtha ucyate iti tAtparyam / "pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa0" iti tu tadarthasya dhAtvarthAntarbhAvAd vyavahAraH / bhartRhari ne bhI kahA hai "jisa prakAra bhaviSya meM hone vAle kAraka-sambandha ke AdhAra para 'dhAtu' kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA tathA ('san' pratyaya kI vivakSA se bhaviSya meM hone vAlI 'iccha, dhAtu' ko karmatA ke aAdhAra para 'dhAtu' kI), 'karma' saMjJA mAna lI jAtI hai usI prakAra aura bhI (bAda meM hone vAle 'upasarga ke sambandha se prArambha meM hI 'dhAtu' kI viziSTa kriyA-vAcakatA) mAna lenA cAhiye / " "aura 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga ke bauddhika abhisambandha se ('dhAtu' ke dvArA) apane antargata kiyA huA viziSTa artha ('upasarga' zabda se yukta 'dhAtu' rUpa) pada(ke prayoga) ke samaya (zrotA ko) jJAta hotA hai|" - isakA artha hai-jisa prakAra bAda meM hone vAle kAraka-sambandha ke grAzraya se ( 'kR' Adi kI) kriyAvAcakatA ke AdhAra para (unakI) 'dhAtu' saMjJA mAnI jAtI hai aura jisa prakAra ('dhAtu' ke sAtha) 'san' pratyaya ko (saMyukta) karane kI icchA hone para, bhAvI 'iccha' ('dhAtu') kI 'karmatA' kA prAzrayaNa karake, prArambha meM hI ('ka' Adi 'dhAtu' ko) 'iccha' ('dhAtu' kA) karma ("dhAtoH karmaNaH samAnakartakAd icchAyAM vA", pA0 3.1.7 isa sUtra meM) kaha diyA gayA, usI prakAra bAda meM hone vAle 'upasarga' ke sambandha se prArambha meM hI ('upasarga' ke dvArA bAda meM dyotya hone vAle artha se) viziSTa kriyA ko vAcakatA ('dhAtu' meM) jAnanI cAhiye / 1. ha. meM 'dhAtusaMjocyate' anupalabdha / 2. ha0-padakAle prayogakAle / 3. ha0-viziSTasvArtha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 205 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga' ke (pazcAtkAlika) saMyoga ko buddhi kA viSaya banAkara 'upasarga' ke (dyotya) artha se utpanna viziSTa artha, jo ('upasarga' sambandha se pUrva) 'dhAtu ke dvArA apane meM antarbhUta kiyA huA vidyamAna thA, pada ke uccAraNa ke samaya, 'uparsaga' kA ('dhAtu se) sambandha hone para, prakaTa hotA hai| yahAM 'zrotuH' (zrotA ko) yaha ('prakAzate' kriyA ke 'karma' ke rUpa meM) zeSa hai| 'upasarga' ke sambandha se pahale hI, (kevala) dhAtu ke dvArA hI, 'upasarga ke (dyotya) artha se viziSTa apanA (vAcya) artha kahA jAtA hai-yaha tAtparya hai| "pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAt sAdhanena" (dhAtU' pahale 'upasarga' se yukta hotI hai, bAda meM 'kAraka' se) yaha vyavahAra to isa kAraNa hotA hai ki usa ('upasarga') kA artha 'dhAtu ke artha meM antarbhUta rahatA hai / __ vaktA kI buddhi meM vivakSita artha kI upasthiti pahale ho jAtI hai usake bAda vaha usa artha ko zrotA para prakaTa karane ke lie zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai| isa kAraNa, artha ke bauddhika abhisasambandha kI prAthamika sattA ko svIkAra karate hue, vaiyAkaraNa zabdaprayoga ke bhAvI sambandha ke AdhAra para, aneka kArya karatA hai| isa tathya ke pratipAdana ke liye nAgeza ne bhartRhari kI do kArikAyeM yahA~ uddhata kI tathA unakA artha bhI diyA / prathama kArikA meM zabda-prayoga ke bhAvI-sambandha ke AdhAra para hone vAle, vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA ke, do dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM tathA dUsarI kArikA meM 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga' kA, artha kI dRSTi se, bauddhika abhisambandha 'upasarga' ke sambandha se pahale hI ho jAtA hai yaha, bAta kahI gayI hai| pahalA udAharaNa hai-'bhU' Adi zabdoM kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA kA / 'bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH' (pA0 1.3.1) sUtra ke bhASya se spaSTa hai ki vaiyAkaraNoM ne kriyAvAcaka 'bhU' Adi kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA mAnI hai| parantu jaba taka 'bhU' kA sambandha 'kArakoM' se nahIM hotA taba taka kabhI bhI inameM kriyAvAcakatA pA hI nahIM sakatI kyoMki 'kAraka' yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'sAdhana' hI to 'kriyA' ko 'kriyA' banAte haiM-sAdhanaM hi kriyAM nivartayati' (mahA0 6.1.135) / isalie 'kArakoM' se sambandha hone ke pahale 'dhAtuoM' kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA kaise ho sakatI hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahI diyA jA sakatA hai ki bhaviSya meM hone vAle 'kAraka'-sambandha ke AdhAra pahale hI 'dhAtuoM' kI saMjJA mAna lI jAtI hai, yA dUsare zabdoM meM buddhi meM 'kArakoM' kA sambandha pahale hI upasthita ho jAtA hai, isaliye usa bauddhika sambandha ke kAraNa 'dhAtu' kI dhAtu' saMjJA, zAbdika rUpa se 'kAraka' ke sAtha sambandha hue binA bhI, ho jAtI hai| dUsarA udAharaNa hai- dhAtuoM kA, 'iccha dhAtu' kA, 'karma' bnnaa| pANini ke "dhAtoH karmaNaH samAkanakartRkAd icchAyAM vA" (pA0 3.1.7) isa sUtra meM 'iSa' (iccha) 'dhAtu' ke 'karma'-bhUta dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya' ke vidhAna kI bAta kahI gayI hai| dhAtue~ 'iS' dhAtu kA karma kaba baneMgI? jaba unase 'san' pratyaya lAyA jaaygaa| usase pahale to 'dhAtue~' 'icchu' kA karma nahIM bana sktiiN| parantu artha kI dRSTi se pahale hI vidyamAna 'iS' ke bauddhika sambandha ke AdhAra para 'paTh' Adi 'dhAtuoM' ko iS 'dhAtu' kA karma mAna liyA jAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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206 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isI prakAra prathama upasthita hone vAle arthaviSayaka bauddhika abhisambandha tathA usake anusAra hone vAle bhAvI zabda-sambandha ke AdhAra para anya kAryoM ko bhI susaMgata mAnA jAtA hai / ina anya kAryoM meM hI 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga' ke sambandha kI bAta bhI pA jAtI hai| 'dhAtu' tathA 'upasarga kA bauddhika abhisambandha pahale upasthita hotA hai| parantu usa bauddhika sambandha ke AdhAra para vaktA kI buddhi meM vidyamAna rahane vAlA viziSTa 'dhAtvartha' usa samaya prakaTa hotA hai, jaba vaktA 'upasarga se yukta 'dhAtu' kA prayoga karatA hai / isa dRSTi se bhartRhari kI hI nimna kArikA bhI draSTavya hai prayogAheMSu siddhaH san bhettavyo'rtho vizeSaNaH / prAk tu sAdhanasambandhAt kriyA naivopajAyate // (vApa0 2.183) prayoga ke yogya 'dhAtuoM' meM, prasiddha (yA buddhi meM vijJAta) artha (hI) vizeSaNoM (viziSTa arthoM ke dyotaka 'upasargo') ke dvArA prakAzita kiye jAte haiN| (yadi 'kArakoM' kA pahale bauddhika sambandha na ho to) 'kArakoM' ke sambandha se pahale to kriyA hotI hI nahIM (phira 'bhU' Adi 'dhAtuoM' kA kriyAtva kaise banegA ?) / ["candra iva mukham' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'candra' prAdi padoM ko svasadRza meM 'lakSaNA hai" isa kauNDabhaTTa ke mata kI sthApanA] 'candra iva mukham' ityAdau 'candra' padasya svasadRze aprasiddhA zaktireva lakSaNA / "na'-'iva'-yuktam anyasadRzAdhikaraNe0"(paribhASenduzekhara, pari0saM075) iti nyAyAt / 'iva' padaM tAtparyagrAhakam / tAtparyagrAhakatvaM ca-'svasamabhivyAhatapadasya arthAntarazaktidyotakatvam' iti aAgatam 'iva' nipAtasya dyotakatvam / _ 'candra iva mukham' (candramA ke samAna mukha) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'candra' pada kI 'candrasadRza' (artha) meM aprasiddha ('abhidhA') zakti rUpa 'lakSaNA' hai kyoMki "natra -iva-yuktam-anyasadRzAdhikaraNe (tathA hyarthagatiH)" -- 'natra' athavA 'iva' se yukta (zabda apane se) bhinna (para apane) sadRza artha kA bodhaka hotA hai kyoMki aise sthaloM meM isI taraha kA jJAna hotA hai"-yaha nyAya hai| 'iva' pada (candra pada ke) isa tAtparya ('candrasadRza') kA jJApaka hai / 'tAtparyagrAhakatA' (kI paribhASA) hai "apane samIpa ke pada kI, eka dUsare artha ko kahane kI, zakti kA dyotaka honA" / isa prakAra 'iva' nipAta kI dyotakatA pramANita ho jAtI vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn 'nipAtoM' ko bhI, 'upasargoM' ke samAna artha kA dyotaka hI mAnate haiM vAcaka nahIM yaha Upara pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai| isaliye yahA~ yaha vicAra kiyA 1. ha0, vNmi-shktiruupaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 207 jA rahA hai ki 'iva nipAta' ke prayoga se jisa sAdRzya artha kI pratIti hotI hai vaha 'iva' kA dyotya artha hai yA vAcya artha hai| naiyAyika sAdRzya ko 'iva' kA vAcya artha mAnate haiM / parantu kauNDabhaTTa Adi vaiyAkaraNa aisA nahIM maante| 'candra iva mukham' ityAdi prayogoM meM candra-sadRza' artha kA vAcaka svayaM 'candra' zabda hI hai, 'iva' nipAta to kevala isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki isa prayoga meM 'candra' zabda kevala candra artha ko hI prastuta nahIM karatA apitu 'candrasadRza' artha ko bhI 'lakSaNA' ke dvArA upasthita karatA hai / vaiyAkaraNa 'lakSaNA' vRtti ko nahIM mAnate, use (zakti athavA abhidhA kA hI eka rUpa) aprasiddhA zakti mAnate haiM, isaliye yahAM bhI yaha kahA gayA ki 'candra' pada kI 'candrasadRza' artha meM aprasiddhA zakti rUpa 'lakSaNA' hai| yaha vicAra koNDabhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra meM vyakta kiyA hai| isa mata ke pratipAdana tathA samarthana ke liye "naJ iva yuktam" isa paribhASA ko pramANa ke rUpa meM yahA~ upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai| "naJ-iva-yuktam" ..gati:- mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne "bhRzAdibhyo bhuvycvelopshc hala:' (pA. 3.1.12) sUtra ke bhASya meM, 'acci' zabda ke viSaya meM vicAra karate hue, kAtyAyana kI "naJ-iva-yuktam anya-sadRzAdhikaraNe tathA hyarthagatiH" isa vArtika ko prastuta kiyA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba 'na' yA 'iva' 'nipAta' se yukta kisI zabda kA prayoga hotA hai to usa zabda ke artha se bhinna, parantu usake sadRza, artha meM kArya hotA hai kyoMki ina 'nipAtoM' se yukta zabda ke dvArA aisA hI artha-bodha hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'abrAhmaNam prAnaya' (abrAhmaNa ko lAyo) to brAhmaNa sadRza, kisI kSatriya Adi cetana AdamI, ko hI lAyA jAtA hai acetana Dhele yA patthara Adi ko nhiiN| kAtyAyana kI isa vArtika tathA pataMjali ke dvArA kI gaI usakI vyAkhyA se spaSTa hai ki 'na' ke samIpa meM vidyamAna zabda tathA 'iva' ke samIpa meM vidyamAna zabda apane se bhinna parantu apane sadRza artha kA bodhaka hotA hai / ataH 'na' tathA 'iva' 'nipAtoM' ko usa samIpastha zabda meM vidyamAna, sadRzaviziSTa artha ko kahane vAlI, aprasiddha 'abhidhA' zakti athavA, naiyAyikoM ke zabdoM meM, 'lakSaNA' kA dyotaka mAnanA cAhiye / isaliye 'iva' ko sadRza artha kA dyotaka siddha karane ke liye kAtyAyana kI isa vAtika kA, jisane bAda meM eka nyAya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA (dra0-paribhASenduzekhara, pari0 saM0 75), yahA~ ullekha kiyA gyaa| ____ 'iva' padam 'yotakatvama - 'candra iva mukham' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'candra' zabda hI 'candra-sadRza' artha kA bodhaka hai isaliye 'iva' ko 'candra' zabda ke isa viziSTa tAtparya kA grAhaka yA dyotaka mAnA jAtA hai / 'tAtparyagrAhakatA' tathA 'dyotakatA' lagabhaga paryAyavAcaka zabda haiM / 'tAtparyagrAhakatA' kI paribhASA meM 'sva' pada se yahAM 'iva' Adi 'nipAta' abhipreta haiM / abhiprAya yaha hai ki ye 'nipAta' isa bAta kA dyotana karate haiM ki unake sAtha avyavahita pUrva meM uccarita jo pada hai vaha apane sAmAnya artha se bhinna parantu usake sadRza artha ko aprasiddha 'abhidhA' zakti se kahatA hai| yahI ina 'nipAtoM' kI 'tAtparya grAhakatAM' (samIpastha zabda ke tAtparya kA jJAna karAnA) hai| jaise'candra iva mukham' isa prayoga meM 'iva' nipAta, apane se avyavahita samIpa meM vidyamAna 'candra' zabda kA candrasadRza' artha hai isa, tAtparya kA grAhaka hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 208 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [" 'iva' sAdRzya artha kA vAcaka hai" isa naiyAyika mata kA khaNDana ] yatta ivArtha: sAdRzyam", tatra pratiyogyanuyogibhAvenaiva candramukhayoranvayopapattau ki lakSaNayA ? tathA ca 'candrapratiyogikasAdRzyAzrayo mukham ' iti bodha ityAhuH - tanna / 'candra iva mukhaM dRzyate', 'candram iva mukhaM pazyAmi' ityAdau 'candra' padasya mukharUpakarma-sAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvAd uktAnuktatva-prayuktavibhaktyanApatteH SaSThyApattezca / ( naiyAyika vidvAn ) jo yaha kahate haiM ki- 'iva' kA vAcya (artha) 'sAdRzya' hai | usa ('sAdRzya') meM 'pratiyogI' tathA 'anuyogI' sambandha se hI 'candra' tathA ' mukha' ke anvaya kI siddhi ho jAne para ( 'candra' zabda kI 'candra- sadRza' artha meM) 'lakSaNA' mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? isa prakAra 'candra' hai" pratiyogI' jisameM aise sAdRzya kA Azraya mukha haiM" yaha jJAna hotA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'candra iva mukhaM dRzyate' (candra- sadRza mukha dikhAI detA hai), 'candram iva mukhaM pazyAmi' ( candra- sadRza mukha ko dekhatA hUM) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM, 'candra' zabda kA mukha rUpa 'karma' ke sAtha ekAdhikaraNatA na hone ke kAraNa, 'abhihita' tathA 'anabhihita' ke AdhAra para hone vAlI (prabhISTa prathamA tathA dvitIyA ) vibhakti nahIM prApta hogI tathA (aniSTa) SaSThI vibhakta prApta hogI / -- Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yattu ivArtha: 'ityAhu: - naiyAyika 'iva' ko 'sAdRzya' artha kA dyotaka na mAna kara, vAcaka mAnate haiN| unakA yaha kahanA hai ki 'iva' ke vAcya artha 'sAdRzya' meM 'candra' 'pratiyogI' hai tathA ' mukha' 'anuyogI' hai, arthAt 'candra iva mukham' isa vAkya kA artha aisA 'sAdRzya' hai jisameM 'candra' 'pratiyogI' (eka taraha se vizeSaNa ) hai tathA ' mukha' 'anuyogI' (eka taraha se vizeSya ) / isa rUpa meM 'candra' meM vidyamAna jo 'pratiyogitA' usakA nirUpaka jo sAdRzya usakA prAzraya mukha - isa prakAra kA anvaya, binA 'lakSaNA' kI kalpanA kiye hI ho jAtA hai / isaliye 'iva' ko tAtparyagrAhaka mAnane tathA 'candra' jaise padoM meM lakSaNA kA sahArA lene kI kyA AvazyakatA ? lAghava kI dRSTi se 'iva' ko hI vAcaka kyoM na mAnA jAya / tanna ' SaSThyApatte ica-- naiyAyikoM ke isI abhimata kA khaNDana nAgeza ne isa aMza meM kiyA hai / naiyAyikoM ke mata ke khaNDana meM nAgeza ne jo yukti dI hai vaha yaha hai ki isa mata ko mAnane se aneka prayogoM meM 'abhihita' evaM 'anabhihita' sambandhI vyavasthA upasthita hotI hai / isaliye, vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA ko dekhate hue, yaha mata kathamapi mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / isa avyavasthA ke dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM yahAM do prayoga prastuta kiye gae haiM - 'candra iva mukhaM dRzyate' tathA 'candram iva mukhaM pazyAmi' / prathama prayoga meM 'candra' tathA ' mukha' donoM prathamA vibhakti se yukta haiM to dUsare meM dvitIyA vibhakti se / aba yadi 'iva' ko 'sAdRzya' artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya to upari nirdiSTa vAkyoM meM ' mukha' kI 'candra' ke sAtha ekAdhikaraNatA nahIM bana pAtI kyoMki 'iva' For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 206 ke vAcyArtha bhUta 'sAdRzya' meM 'candra-padArtha' pratiyogI (vizeSaNa) bana gyaa| aura "ekatra vizeSaNaM nAparatra" (eka sthAna para, arthAt 'sAdRzya' meM, vizeSaNa banakara punaH vaha 'candrapadArtha' anyatra, arthAt mukha meM, vizeSaNa nahIM bana sakatA) isa niyama se 'candra' tathA 'mukha' meM vizeSya vizeSaNabhAva na bana sakane se donoM meM samAna-adhikaraNatA nahIM hogii| samAna-adhikaraNatA na hone ke kAraNa 'lakAra' ('dRzyate') ke dvArA 'candra' zabda 'abhihita' nahIM ho skegaa| isaliye prathama prayoga meM 'anabhihita' hone ke kAraNa 'candra' meM prathamA vibhakti nahIM prayukta ho sakegI kyoMki abhihita 'kartA' meM hI prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| isI prakAra dUsare prayoga meM, 'mukha' tathA 'candra' kI samAna-adhikaraNatA na hone se, lakAra ('pazyAmi') ke dvArA 'candra' ke anabhihita na hone ke kAraNa dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki 'anabhihita' karma meM hI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| isake atirikta, 'iva' ke artha 'sAdRzya' kA 'pratiyogI' (vizeSaNa) hone tathA isa rUpa meM 'candra' tathA 'iva' meM bhedasambandha ke hone ke kAraNa, 'candra' ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga karanA par3egA kyoMki do nAmArthoM meM bheda sambandha ke pratipAdana ke liye vibhinna vibhakti kA prAzrayaNa karanA hI par3atA hai.-"nAmArthayorbhedena sAkSAd anvayabodho'vyutpannaH" / ataH yahAM 'rAjJaH puruSaH' ke samAna vizeSaNabhUta 'candra' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti hI AnI cAhiye / kauNDabhaTTa ne isI prakAra ke doSa, 'iva' kI sAdRzyArtha-vAcakatA kI dRSTi se, 'zaraiH iva usra:' ityAdi prayogoM meM dikhAye haiM (dra0-vaibhUsA0, pR0 380-83) / ['iva' ke dyotya artha ke viSaya meM nAgeza kA mata ] pare tu 'iva' zabdasya upamAnatA-dyotakatvam / upamAnatvaM ca upamAnopameyobhaya-niSTha-sAdhAraNa-dharmavattvena ISad itara-paricchedakatvam / tad-dharmavattayA paricchedyatvaM ca upameyatvama / sAdhAraNa-dharma-sambandhazca kvacid vizeSaNatayA anveti kvacid vishessytyaa| evaM 'candra iva AhlAdaka' 'mukham' ityAdau 'grAhalAdakopamAnabhUtacandrAbhinnam grAhlAdakaM mukham' iti bodhaH / 'candra iva mukham grAhlAdayati' ityAdau ca 'upamAna-bhUta-candrakartRka- grAhlAdAbhinno mukhakartRkAlAdaH' iti bodhaH / idam "upamAnAni sAmAnyavacanaiH" (pA0 2.1.55) ityatra bhASye spaSTam / palama0 ke prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM yahAM viparIta krama milatA hai :-'kvacid vizeSyatayA anveti kvacid vishessnntyaa'| parantu bAda ke udAharaNoM ke krama ko dekhate hue Upara kA pATha hI ThIka pratIta hotA hai| hastalekhoM meM bhI uparinirdiSTa krama hI upalabdha hai| ha. meM yaha pada anupalabdha hai / 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 210 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA dUsare (vidvAn) 'iva' zabda ko 'upamAnatA kA dyotaka mAnate haiM / upamAnatA ( kA abhiprAya) hai 'upamAna' tathA 'upameya' donoM meM rahane vAle 'sAmAnya dharma' ke sambandha se, kucha nyUna (sAdhAraNa) dharma vAle dUsare ('upameya') kA bodhaka honA tathA 'upameyatA' hai usa 'sAmAnya dharma' ke sambandha se bodhya honA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kA sambandha kahIM (una prayogoM meM jahA~ 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kA vAcaka zabda subanta pada hai) vizeSaraNa rUpa se tathA kahIM (una prayogoM meM jahA~ 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kA vAcaka zabda tiGanta yA kriyApada hai) vizeSya rUpa se zranvita hotA hai / isa prakAra 'candra iva graha lAdakaM mukham (candra ke samAna prAnandaprada mukha ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM " grAnanda dene vAle 'upamAna' - bhUta candra se abhinna mukha" yaha jJAna hotA hai / 'candra iva mukham grAhlAdayati' (candra ke samAna mukha nandita karatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM " upamAna' bhUta candra hai 'kartA' jisa Ananda kA usase abhinna evaM mukha hai 'karttA' jisakA aisA prAnanda" yaha bodha hotA hai ! yaha (viSaya) "upamAnAni sAmAnya - vacanai:" isa ( sUtra ) ke bhASya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / pare tu upameyatvam - yahAM 'pare tu' kaha kara nAgeza ne saMbhavataH sva-sammata mata hI prastuta kiyA hai| isa mata meM 'iva' ko 'sadRza' artha kA dyotaka na mAnakara, 'upamAnatA' kA dyotaka mAnA gayA hai / 'upamAnatA' ke isa prasaMga meM 'upamAna', 'upameya' tathA 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| 'sAdhAraNa dharma' 'upamAna' tathA 'upamedha' donoM meM hI rahatA hai 'upamAna' meM usakI adhikatA hotI hai tathA 'upameya' meM kucha nyUnatA / isa sAdhAraNa dharma' ke sambandha se hI 'upamAna' 'upameya' kA bodha karAtA hai tathA 'upameya' 'upamAna' dvArA bodhya banatA hai / sAdhAraNadharma sambandhazca bodha: - yaha 'sAdhAraNa dharma' vizeSaraNa tathA vizeSya ina do bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM upasthita hotA hai / kahIM vaha vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai to kahIM vizeSya ke rUpa meN| yadi 'sAdhAraNa dharma', 'tiGanta' zabda ke dvArA na kahA jAkara, 'prAtipadika' zabda ke dvArA kahA gayA to 'sAdhAraNa dharma' vizeSaraNa ke rUpa meM pratIta hogA / jaise - candra iva grAhlAdakaM mukham' yahAM 'grAhlAdakam ' 'mukham ' kA vizeSaNa hai, arthAt aisA 'mukha' jo 'candra' ke samAna ' AhlAdaka' hai / para yadi 'sAdhAraNa dharma' ko 'tiGanta' zabda, arthAt kisI kriyA pada, dvArA kahA gayA to 'sAdhAraNa dharma' vizeSya ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai / jaise- 'candra iva mukham grAhlAdayati' isa prayoga meM 'AhlAda' vizeSya hai tathA usake do vizeSaNa haiM- 'mukhakartRka grAhlAda tathA 'candrakartRka AhalAda se abhinna 'prahalAda', arthAt aisA 'grAhlAda' jisakA 'kartA' 'mukha' haiM tathA jo usa prahalAda se abhinna hai jisakA karttA candra hai / 4 'upamAnAni sAmAnyavacanaiH" ityatra bhASye spaSTam grapane uparyukta kathana kI puSTi meM nAgeza ne pramAraNa ke rUpa meM " upamAnAni sAmAnyavacanaiH " sUtra ke mahA0 kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha - nirNaya 211 ora saMketa kiyA hai| isa sUtra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki, 'zastrI zyAmA devadattA (prArI ke samAna kAlI devadattA ) ityAdi prayogoM meM, upamAna-bodhaka zastrI' ityadi zabda 'sAdhAraNa dharma' se viziSTa 'upameya' - vAcaka 'zyAma' Adi zabdoM ke sAtha samAsa ko prApta hote haiM / isa sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali ne eka rocaka vivAda prastuta kiyA hai ki 'zastrI zyAmA devadattA' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'zyAmatva' rUpa 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kI sthiti 'upamAna' ( zastrI ) mAnA jAya yA upameya' (devadattA ) ' meM ? yadi 'upameya' meM 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kI sthiti mAnI jAya to 'upamAna' kI zyAmatA ko kauna kahegA ? aura yadi 'upamAna' meM usakI sthiti mAnI jAya to 'upameya' kI zyAmatA ko kauna kahegA ? " samAsa kI zakti se 'upameya' -bhUta devadattA strI kI zyAmatA kahI jAtI hai" yaha mAnate hue yadi upamAna zastrI meM 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kI sthiti mAnI jAya to 'zastrI zyAmo devadattaH' ( zrArI ke samAna kAlA devadatta) yahAM 'zastrI zyAma:' prayoga upapanna nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki yahAM 'zyAmatA' rUpa 'sAdhAraNa dharma' 'upameya' devadatta kI na hokara 'upamAna' zastrI kI hai / isaliye samAsayukta pada ke anta meM strIliMga kA dyotaka 'TAp' pratyaya mAnA hI cAhiye / aura yadi 'upameya' meM 'sAdhAraNa dharma' kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai to 'sAdhAraNa dharma' aura 'upamAna' donoM kI samAna adhikaraNatA naSTa ho jAtI hai-- donoM bhinna-bhinna prAzraya vAle ho jAyeMge / samAna adhikaraNatA ke abhAva meM samAsa nahIM ho sktaa| kisI taraha yadi samAsa kA vidhAna kara bhI liyA gayA to 'mRgacapalA' (mRgI ke samAna capalA ) isa prayoga meM "pu'vat karmadhAraya jAtIya - dezIyeSu" ( pA0 6.3.42 ) isa sUtra se, samAnAdhikaraNatA ke AdhAra para hone vAlA, 'puMvadbhAva' 'mRgI' meM nahIM ho sakatA ( dra0 mahA0 1.2,55, pR0 128 - 129 ) / abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'upameya' meM 'sAdhAraNa dharmaM' to rahatA hI hai| sAtha hI, 'upameya' tathA 'upamAna' kI sadRzatA ke AdhAra para donoM meM abheda kA Aropa kara diye jAne ke kAraNa, 'upamAna' bhI 'upameya' meM hI rahatA hai tathA 'sAdhAraNa dharma' (zmAmatva Adi) kA anvaya donoM 'upamAna' tathA 'upameya' meM hI hotA hai, arthAt 'zastrI zyAmA devadattA' isa prayoga se yaha bodha hotA hai ki 'upamAna' bhUta jo zastrI usakI zyAmatA se abhinna, 'upameya' bhUta devadattA kI zyAmatA / pataMjali ke isa kathana "tasyAm eva ubhaya vartate" se yaha spaSTa hai ki upamAna- vAcaka 'zastrI' yA 'candra' Adi zabda zastrI-sadRza yA candra-sadRza artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiM aura na hI 'iva' isa tAtparya kA dyotaka hai| apitu ye zabda upamAnatA ke vAcaka hai tathA 'iva' usa 'upamAnatA' rUpa artha kA dyotaka hai / dra0 " iva zabdaraca svasamabhivyAhRte upamAnatva dyotakaH / zastrIpadasya tatsadRzaparatvam ivo dyotayati iti tu na yuktam / dyotyArthe samabhivyAhRta-padArtha-vizeSaNatAyA iva svabhAva - siddhatvAt" ( mahA0, udyota TIkA, 2.1.55, pR0 131) / ['paryudAsa naJ' tathA usakA dyotya artha ] 'naJ' dvividhaH paryudAsaH prasajya pratiSedhazca / tatra AropaviSayatvaM naJ-paryudAsa-dyotyam / Aropa-viSayatva' - dyotakatvaM ca ' naJaH ' 1. hR0 meM 'Aropa - viSayatva dyotakatvaM ca' ke sthAna para 'Aropa viSayatvaM ca ' pATha milatA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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212 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sva' samabhivyahRta ghaTAdi-padAnAm aAropita-pravRtti-nimitta-bodhakatve tAtparya-grAhakatvam / pravRtti-nimatta ghaTatva-brAhmaNatvAdi / tasmAd 'abrAhmaNaH' ityAdau 'pAropita-brAhmaNatvavAn kSatriyAdiH' iti bodhaH / ataeva "uttarapadArtha-prAdhAnyaM naJtapuruSasya" iti pravAdaH saGa gacchate / ata eva ca 'atasmai brAhmaNAya', 'asaH zivaH' ityAdau sarvanAmakAryam / anyathA gauNatvAn na syAt / pravRttinimittAropastu sadRza eva bhavati iti "paryudAsaH sadRzagrAhI" iti pravAdaH / paryudAse niSedhastu prArthaH / anyasmin anyadharmAropastu AhAryajJAnarUpaH / "bAdhakAlikam icchAjanyaM jJAnam prA'hAryam" iti vRddhAH / sAdRzyAdayastu prayogopAdhayaH, paryu dAse tvArthikA arthAH / taduktaM hariNA tatsAdRzyam abhAvazca tadanyatvaM tadalpatA / aprAzastyaM virodhazca naarthAH SaT prakIrtitAH / / 'tatsAdRzyam'-gadarbhe anazvo'yam' ityAdau / 'prabhAvaH' tu prasajyapratiSedhe vakSyate / 'tadanyatvam'-'amanuSyaM prANinam prAnaya' ityAdau / 'tadalpatvam'-'anudarA kanyA' ityatra arthAt sthUlatvaniSedhena udarasya alpatvaM gamyate / 'aprAzastyam'-brAhmaNe 'abrAhmaNo'yam' iti prayoge / 'virodhe'-'asuraH', 'adharmaH' iti prayoge / ___ 'natra' do prakAra kA hotA hai 'paryu dAsa' tathA 'prasajyapratiSedha / unameM 'paryu dAsa nam' kA dyotya (artha) hai-- 'aropa' (Aropita jJAna) kA viSaya bananA aura 'pAropaviSayatA' kI dyotakatA (kA abhiprAya) hai-"apane sAtha (avyavahitarUpa se) uccarita 'ghaTa' Adi pada Aropita pravRtti-nimitta ke bodhaka haiM" isa tAtparya kA 'na' ke dvArA jJApana krnaa| 'ghaTatva', 'brAhmaNatva' Adi 1. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'sva' pATha nahIM milatA / 2. ha. me 'aaryjnyaanen'| 3. ha. meM 'ahAryam' ke sthAna para 'AhAryajJAnam' pATha milatA hai| nyAyakoza meM yaha paribhASA nimna rUpa meM milatI hai-"bAdhakAlInam icchAjanyaM jJAnam aahaarym"| yaha kArikA bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM nahIM mila sakI / nyAyakoza meM zabdazaktiprakAzikA ke nAma se yaha kArikA uddhata kI gayI hai| yahAM "sAdRzyaM tadbhAvazca" pATha hai / uparyukta kArikA se medinIkoza (avyayeSu advikam, 10 188) ke nimna zloka se pUrI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai naja abhAve niSedhe ca svarUpArthe'pyatikrame / ISadarthe ca sAdazye taviruddha-tadanyayoH // For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 213 (dharma) 'pravRtti-nimitta' haiN| ('paryu dAsa nan' AropaviSayatA kA dyotaka hai) isaliye 'abrAhmaNaH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM, Aropita hai brAhmaNatva (dharma) jisa meM aise, kSatriya Adi kA bodha hotA hai / (tathA) isI kAraNa "naJ-tatpuruSa samAsa meM uttarapada kA artha pradhAna hotA hai| yaha prasiddha kathana susaMgata hotA hai| aura isIliye 'atasmai brAhmaNAya' (jo vastutaH brAhmaNa nahIM hai usa kalpita brAhmaNa ke liye), 'asaH zivaH' (kalpita vaha ziva) ityAdi prayogoM meM sarvanAma saMjJA ke kArya ('smai' Adi) upapanna ho jAte haiN| anyathA (yadi paryudAsa 'naJ' ko 'paAropaviSayatA' kA dyotaka na mAna kara bhinna artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya to nArtha ke pradhAna ho jAne tathA 'tat' pada ke artha ke) gauNa ho jAne ke kAraNa (usameM) sarvanAma ke kArya nahIM hoNge| 'pravRtti-nimitta' kA Aropa sadRza meM hI hotA hai isaliye "paryudAsa (naJ) sadRza kA dyotaka hai" yaha prasiddhi hai| 'paryu dAsa' meM niSedha (artha) to ('payudAsa nA' ke dyotya) artha ke jAnane ke bAda (usa artha ke dvArA) upasthita hotA hai (sIdhe 'naJ' zabda se nhiiN)| dUsare meM dUsare ke dharma kA Aropa karanA 'pAhArya' jJAna hai / "bAdhita jJAna kI sthiti meM icchA se utpanna (vaha) jJAna hI AhArya jJAna hai"-aisA vRddha loga kahate haiM / ('paryu dAsa nam' ke) sAdRzya Adi (artha) to prayoga kI 'upAdhiyA~' (dharma) haiM-(arthAt) 'paryudAsa' meM to (ve) artha ke (dvArA pratIyamAna) artha haiN| una sAdRzya Adi arthoM ko bhartRhari ne kahA hai "usa (uttarapada ke artha) kI sadRzatA, usa kA abhAva, usase bhinnatA, usako nyUnatA, usakI nindanIyatA tathA usakA virodha ye cha 'na' ke (dyotya artha se vyakta) artha haiN|" gadahe ke liye (prayukta) 'anazvo'yam' (yaha ghor3A nahIM hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM usa (uttarapadArtha) kA 'sAdRzya' (artha) hai / 'abhAva' (ke viSaya meM) 'prasajya pratiSedha' (ke prasaGga) meM kahA jaaygaa| 'amanuSya prANinam prAnaya' (mAnavetara prANI ko lAyo) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM usa (uttarapadArtha) se 'bhinnatA' (artha) hai| 'anudarA kanyA' (choTe peTa vAlI lar3akI) yahAM usa (uttarapadArtha) kI 'alpatA' (artha) hai / (yahAM) artha (sthUlatA ke niSedha) se udara kI 'alpatA' kI pratIti hotI hai| brAhmaNa ke liye 'abrAhmaNo'yam' (yaha abrAhmaNa hai) isa prayoga meM usa (uttarapadArtha) kI 'hInatA' (artha) hai| 'asuraH' 'adharmaH', ina prayogoM meM (kramazaH devatAoM tathA dharma se) 'virodha' artha hai / ___ 'nan' yaha nipAta hai| prayoga meM 'na' ke rUpa meM hI yaha sarvatra dikhAyI detA hai / artha kI dRSTi se 'naJ' do prakAra kA mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi sarvatra isa nipAta se 'niSedha' artha hI gamya hai parantu kahIM vaha gauNa rahatA hai tathA kahIM pradhAna / pahalI For Private and Personal Use Only

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214 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sthiti vahAM hotI hai jahA~ 'na' kA kisI uttarapada ke sAtha samAsa huA rahA hai / jaise 'abrAhmaNaH' / tathA dUsarI sthiti vahA~ pAyI jAtI hai jahAM kriyA ke sAtha 'na' kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise- 'ghaTo nAsti' (ghar3A nahIM hai) / ina meM se pahale ko 'paryudAsa naJ' kahate haiM to dUsare ko 'prasajya naJ' / 'na' ke isa dvividha rUpa kA varNana nimna zlokoM meM milatA hai dvau nau ca samAkhyAtau pryudaas-prsjyko| paryudAsaH sadRggrAhI prasajyastu niSedhakRt // (palama0 kI vaMzIdhara mizrakRta TIkA ke pR0 75 para uddhRta) prAdhAnyaM tu vidheryatra prtissedhe'prdhaantaa| paryudAsaH sa vijJeyaH yatra uttarapadena naJ // (zabdakalpadruma koza meM malamAsatattva ke nAma se uddhRta) aprAdhAnyaM vidheryatra pratiSedhe pradhAnatA / prasajyapratiSedho'yaM kriyayA saha yatra naJ // (vAcaspatyam koza meM 'zAbdikoM' ke nAma se uddhRta) tatra prAropaviSayatvaM naparyudAsadyotyam -- vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'paryudAsa naJ' se abhivyakta hone vAlA artha hai-'pAropaviSayatva', yA 'Aropitatva' arthAt aAropa kA viSaya bananA / 'prAropa' kI paribhASA hai-- "pratadvati tatprakArajJAnam aAropaH" (nyAyakoza), arthAt jisa vyakti yA vastu meM jo dharma nahIM hai usakA usa vyakti yA vastu meM icchA se kalpanA kara lenA hI 'Aropa' hai / jaise-'siMho mANavaka:' (bAlaka siMha hai) ityAdi prayogoM meM bAlaka meM siMha kA aarop| ___ isa prakAra 'paryudAsa naJ' yaha dyotana karatA hai ki usake avyavahita samIpa meM uccarita zabda kA vAcya artha 'Aropita jJAna kI viSayatA vAlA' hai / jaise-- 'abrAhmaNaH' prayoga me 'na' ke sAtha 'brAhmaNa' pada kA samAsa huA hai| 'naJ' pUrvapada tathA 'brAhmaNaH' uttarapada hai / isa taraha 'paryudAsa naJ' ke isa prayoga meM uttarapada (brAhmaNa) kA vAcya artha hai- 'pAropaviSayatvavAn brAhmaNaH' (AropaviSayatA vAlA braahmnn)| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki Aropita athavA kAlpanika jJAna kA viSayabhUta brAhmaNa, arthAt jisameM vAstavika brAhmaNatA nahIM hai apitu usakI kalpanA kara lI gaI hai, aisA brAhmaNetara koI manuSya / isa abrAhmaNa vyakti meM rahane vAlI brAhmaNatA hI viSayatA hai / isa viSayatA se yukta brAhmaNa' yaha 'abrAhmaNaH' isa samasta zabda ke 'brAhmaNa' bhAga kA vAcya artha hai / 'brAhmaNa' zabda kA yahAM yahI vAcya artha hai isa tAtparya kA dyotaka hai, isa samasta pada ke pUrva meM vidyamAna, 'na' nipAta / ataH 'paryudAsa na' kA dyotya artha hai-'pAropita-viSayatA' / uttarapadArthaprAdhAnyaM naJtatpuruSasya- 'paryudAsa naJ' 'paAropa-viSayatA' kA dyotaka hai isa siddhAnta kI puSTi meM nAgeza ne do hetu prastuta kiyA hai / pahalA hetu hai-- "uttarapadArthapradhAno nasamAsaH" (naJ-samAsa uttarapadArthapradhAna hotA hai) yaha svIkRta For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 215 nyAya / isa nyAya kI saMgati tabhI laga sakatI hai yadi 'paryudAsa 'na' ko 'prAropaviSayatA' kA vAcaka na mAnakara dyotaka mAnA jAya / ryAda isa bhedarUpa artha kA na ko vAcaka mAnA gayA, jaisA ki naiyAyika mAnate haiM, to isa bhedarUpa artha kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa, naJtatpuruSa samAsa ko 'pUrvapadArthapradhAna' mAnanA hogA kyoMki isa artha kA vAcaka 'na' samAsa ke pUrvapada meM vidyamAna hai / tulanA karo "naJsamAse'parasya uttarapadArthasya prAdhAnyAt sarvanAmatA sidhyati / ataeva Aropitatvameva nadyotyamityabhyupeyam" (vaibhUsA0, pR0 356) / 'pratasmai brAhmaNAya', 'prasaH zivaH' ityAdau sarvanAmakAryam-'paryu dAsa naj' ko AropaviSayatA kA dyotaka mAnane meM jo dUsarA hetu hai vaha pahale hetu se hI sambaddha hai| yadi 'na' ko dyotaka na mAna kara vAcaka mAnA gayA to 'nasamAsa' kI 'uttarapadArthapradhAnatA' nahIM banegI aura usa sthiti meM 'atasmai brAhmaNAya' yA 'asaH zivaH' jaise nasamAsa' ke prayogoM ke uttarapada ('tad') kI sarvanAma saMjJA nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki taba 'tad' kA artha pradhAna na hokara 'na' kA artha hI pradhAna hogA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'atasmai' kA artha hai 'tadbhinnAya' yA isI prakAra 'asaH' kA artha hai 'tadbhinnaH' / isa taraha 'naJ' kA artha pradhAna hone se 'pUrvapadArthapradhAnatA' to hogI hI sAtha hI, jisa prakAra 'atisarvaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM pUrvapadArtha kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa 'sarva' zabda ke upasarjana yA apradhAna hone se usakI sarvanAma saMjJA nahIM hotI usI prakAra, uparyukta prayogoM meM 'tad' kI sarvanAma saMjJA bhI nahIM hogI / sarvanAma saMjJA ke abhAva meM atasmai' meM 'De' ko 'sma' Adeza tathA 'asaH' meM prathamA vibhakti ke 'su' kA lopAbhAva ityAdi, sarvanAma ko nimitta mAna kara hone vAle, kArya nahIM ho sakate / isaliye yahI yuktiyukta mata hai ki 'paryu dAsa naJ' AropaviSayatA kA dyotaka hI hai| "payuMdAsaH sadRzagrAhI" - iti pravAva:-yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi 'paryudAsa 'naJ' Aropa kA dyotaka hai to 'paryudAsaH sadRzagrAhI" ('paryudAsa nan' sadRza kA jJAna karAtA hai) isa prakAra kI prasiddhi kyoM hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki dUsare vastu yA vyakti meM yadi kisI dUsarI vastu yA vyakti ke 'pravRttinimitta' yA 'dharma' kA Aropa kiyA jAyagA to kisI na kisI mAtrA meM, kisI na kisI rUpa meM, thor3I bahuta sadRzatA vahAM hogI hI, donoM sarvathA eka dUsare se bhinna nahIM hI sakate / isaliye upayukta prasiddhi ucita hI hai / para 'sadRzatA' ko 'na' kA dyotya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki yahAM sadRzatA kI pratIti bAda meM hotI hai| paryudAse niSedhastu prArtha:-'paryudAsa' meM 'niSedha' artha kI pratIti hotI to hai para 'paryudAsa naj' ke apane dyotya artha 'Aropa' yA 'pAropa-viSayatA' kA jJAna ho jAne ke bAda yaha pratIti hotI hai kyoMki 'Aropa' bhinna vyakti yA vastu meM huA karatA hai, isaliye 'niSedha' ko yahA~ 'prArtha', arthAt 'na' ke dyotya artha 'Aropa' se utpanna, kahA gayA hai| isI kAraNa 'niSedha' artha ko 'paryu dAsa naj' ke prayogoM meM apradhAna mAnA gayA hai / tathA 'Aropa' artha ko pradhAna / For Private and Personal Use Only

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216 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA bAdhakAlikam icchAjanyaM jJAnam eva 'pAhAryam'--'Aropa' ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke liye 'Aropa' tathA 'pAhAryajJAna' ko eka mAnate hue yahA~ 'pAhAryajJAna' kI paribhASA dI gayI hai / bAdhaka jJAna ke nizcita rUpa meM vidyamAna hone para bhI vaktA jaba apanI icchA se usa prakAra ke jJAna kI kalpanA yA 'Aropa' kara letA hai to use 'AhArya jJAna kahate haiM / jaise- bAlaka meM siMhatva nahIM hai isa prakAra kA nizcita jJAna hone para bhI vaktA apanI icchA se bAlaka meM siMhatva kI kalpanA kara letA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki isa icchA kA AdhAra kucha na kucha 'sAdRzya' hI hotA hai| sAdazyAdayasta prayogopAdhayaH-- 'parya dAsa natra' ke prayogoM meM 'sAdazya' Adi aneka arthoM kI pratIti hotI hai, jinakI carcA yahIM nIce granthakAra svayaM karane jA rahA hai / parantu una arthoM ko 'na' kA dyotya yA vAcya artha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki ve artha sIdhe, 'nan' zabda se pratIta na hokara, 'na' ke artha 'Aropa' meM vidyamAna 'vyaMjakatA vRtti' se vyakta hote haiM, jabaki ('Aropa') artha sIdhe 'nam' zabda kI dyotakatA se dyotya haiN| isI bAta ko 'prayogopAdhayaH' (prayoga ke dharma) kaha kara nAgeza ne sUcita kiyA hai tathA 'mAthikA arthAH' (artha se vyakta artha) kaha kara use aura spaSTa kara diyA hai| narthAH SaT prakIrtitAH'- yahAM ullikhita 'sAdRzya' Adi pAMca artha 'paryudAsa na' ke artha ('Aropa') se vyakta hone vAle artha haiM / chaThA artha 'prabhAva' 'prasajyapratiSedha' kA zAbdika artha hai / paryu dAsa ke ina pAMca Arthika arthoM meM bhI 'sAdRzya kI ho vyApakatA yA pradhAnatA hai| 'gadahe' ke liye 'anazvo'yam' kahane para azvasAdRzya kI pratIti hotI hai / 'amanuSyaM prANinam Anaya' kahane para manuSya se bhinna prANI kA jJAna hotA hai| udara vAlI kanyA ko 'anudarA kanyA' kahane para isa prayoga ke artha (udaratva kA niSedha) se udara kI 'alpatA' (peTa ke choTe hone) kA jJAna hotA hai kyoMki peTa vAle to sabhI hote haiM, phira bhI peTa kA niSedha isaliye kiyA jA rahA hai ki jitanA bar3A peTa honA cAhiye, utanA bar3A na hokara usase choTA hai| isI taraha brAhmaNa ko jaba 'abrAhmaNa' kahA jAtA hai to vahAM brAhmaNa kI hInatA yA nindanIyatA kI abhivyakti hotI hai / tulanA karo- 'abrAhmaNo'yaM yastiSThan mUtrayati, abrAhmaNo'yaM yastiSThan bhakSayati (mahA0 2.1.6) / isI prakAra 'asuraH', 'adharmaH' ina prayogoM meM virodha' artha kI pratIti hotI hai - 'suroM (devoM) ke viruddha' tathA 'dharma ke viruddha' / ['paryudAsa na' prAyaH samAsayukta milatA hai] paryudAsastu sva-samabhivyAhRta-padena sAmarthyAt samasta eva' / kvacittu' 'yajatiSu ye yajAmahaM karoti nAnuyAjeSu" (Apastamba zrautasUtra 24. 13. 5) ityAdau, 'ghaTa: 1. isake bAda nisa0 tathA kAprazu0 meM 'prAyaH' pATha milatA hai jo anAvazyaka pratIta hotA hai| 2, ha. meM "kvacitta .."phalito bhavati" yaha aMza anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 217 apaTo bhavati' ityarthake, 'ghaTo na paTa:' ityAdau ca samAsavikalpAd asamAse'pi / atra 'anyo'nyAbhAvaH' phalito bhavati / 'paryudAsa (na)' to apane samIpastha pada ke sAtha, sAmarthya ke kAraNa, samAsayukta hI hotA hai / kahIM (kahIM) to 'yajatiSu ye yajAmahaM karoti nAnuyAjeSu' (anuyAja yAga se bhinna yAgoM meM yajamAna 'ye yajAmahe' isa mantra kA uccAraNa karatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM tathA, "ghar3A avastra hai' isa artha vAle, 'ghaTo na paTa:' (ghar3A vastra nahIM hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM, vikalpa se samAsa kA vidhAna kiye jAne ke kAraNa, samAsarahita sthiti meM bhI 'paryu dAsa nan' rahatA hai) / yahAM (ghaTo na paTaH' isa prayoga meM) 'anyo'nyAbhAva' (ghar3e aura vastra kI pArasparika bhinnatA) 'phalita' artha hai ('na' kA zAbdika artha to 'Aropa' hI hai)| "yajatiSu ye yajAmahaM karoti nAnuyAjeSu"-- 'paryu dAsa naJ' prAyaH sadA hI uttarapada ke sAtha samAsa ko prApta huA rahatA hai-yaha eka sAmAnya sthiti hai / para kahIM kahIM aise bhI prayoga milate haiM jahA~ samAsa nahIM hotaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yahAM do vAkya diye gaye haiN| pahalA hai-"yajatiSu ye yajAmahaM karoti nAnuyAjeSu" / isa vAkya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hotA nAmaka Rtvij anuyAja yAgoM se itara yAgoM meM 'ye yajAmahe' isa maMtra kA uccAraNa karatA hai / yahA~ 'yajati' zabda, jo anya puruSa eka vacana kA kriyA pada hai tathA nAma pada ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huaA hai, yAga sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai| isI prakAra 'anuyAja' eka viziSTa yAga kA vAcaka hai| 'ye yajAmaham' kA abhiprAya hai 'ye yajAmahe' yaha maMtrAMza hai prArambha meM jina maMtroM ke ve 'yAjyA' nAmaka maMtra / 'karoti' kA artha hai 'uccAraNa karatA hai / isa vAkya ke artha ke viSaya meM mImAMsAdarzana ke arthasaMgraha Adi pustakoM meM paryApta vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA vahA~ nirNaya diyA gayA hai ki 'na' tathA 'anuyAja' kA paraspara sambandha mAna kara yahA~ 'paryudAsa'.mAnanA hI ucita hai| isaliye isa kA artha hogA-"anuyAja' se bhinna yAgoM meM 'ye yajAmahe' nAmaka maMtroM kA uccAraNa hotA kare" / dra0-"naJo'nuyAjasambandham prAzritya paryudAsasyaiva (prAzrayaNam) / itthaM ca anuyAja-vyatirikta pu yajatiSu 'ye yajAmahe' iti maMtraM kuryAt iti vAkyArthabodhaH" (arthasaMgraha-6.87, pR0 130) / ghaTo naH paTa:-'paryu dAsa naJ' meM samAsAbhAva kI sthiti kA dUsarA udAharaNa hai('ghaTa: apaTo bhavati' isa artha kI dRSTi se prayukta) 'ghaTa: paTo na bhavati' yaha prayoga / yahA~ bhI niSedha kI pradhAnatA na hokara vidhi kI pradhAnatA hai kyoMki kahA yaha jA rahA hai ki- 'ghaTa: paTatvAbhAvavAn bhavati' arthAt ghar3A paTatvAbhAva vAlA hai / 'apaTa:' kA artha hai-'pAropita-paTatvavAn', arthAt jisameM paTatva kA 'Aropa' kiyA gayA hai (vAstavika paTatva jisameM nahIM hai) vaha ghaTa / isa prakAra yahA~ vidhi kI pradhAnatA hai tathA niSedha artha kI apradhAnatA hai / isaliye ise 'paryudAsa na' kA hI prayoga mAnanA cAhiye / para 'paryudAsa nan' hote hue bhI yahAM 'nam' kA tathA 'paTa' kA samAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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218 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ina donoM hI sthaloM meM samAsa na hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki samAsa kA vidhAna, "vibhASA" (pA 0 2.1.11) kA adhikAra hone ke kAraNa, vikalpa se kiyA gayA hai| arthAt samAsa kA karanA na karanA vaktA kI icchA para nirbhara karatA hai / ['prasajyapratiSedha' kA svarUpa]] prasajyapratiSedhastu samasto'samastazceti dvividhaH / tatra vizeSyatayA kriyAnvayaniyamAt subantena asAmarthe'pi "asUryalalATayoH0" (pA0 3.2.36) ityAdijJApakAt samAsaH / taduktam"prasajyapratiSedho'yaM kriyayA saha yatra na / " atra 'kriyA'-padaM guNasyApyupalakSaNam iti bahavaH / ata eva' "na" (pA0 2.2.6) sUtre bhASye "prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAn nivRtti kurute' ityuktam / udAharaNam----'na asmAkam ekaM priyam' iti / eka-priyapratiSedhe bahupriya-pratItiH / evaM 'na sandehaH', nopalabdhiH' ityAdya dAharaNaM guNasya, sandehAdonAM guNatvAt / kriyodAharaNaM ca-"anaci ca" (pA0 8.4.47), 'gehe ghaTo nAsti' ityAdi / 'prasajyapratiSedha (naJ)' to samAsa-yukta tathA samAsarahita do taraha kA hotA hai| unameM (samAsayukta sthaloM meM 'prasajyapratiSedha vAle 'na' ke) pradhAna rupa se kriyA meM anvita hone ke niyama ke kAraNa 'subanta' (pada) ke sAtha ('ekArthIbhAva' rUpa) 'sAmarthya' ke na hone para bhI "asUryalalATayo zitapoH" (isa sUtra se siddha hone vAle 'asUryampazyA rAjadArAH') ityAdi (prayogarUpa) jJApaka se samAsa ho jAtA hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki--"yaha 'prasajyapratiSedha' (vahAM hotA) hai jahAM 'na' kriyA ke sAtha (sambaddha yA anvita) hotA hai"| yahAM (kArikA kA) 'kriyA' pada 'guNa' kA bhI upalakSaNa hai aisA aneka prAcArya mAnate haiN| isIliye 'nan' sUtra ke bhASya meM (pataMjali ne) yaha kahA hai ki 1. vAcaspatyam koza meM zAbdikoM ke nAma se yaha kArikA uddha ta hai / ha0 meM "ata eva''ityuktam" aMza anupalabdha hai| 3. tulanA karo-mahA0 2.2.6, pR0 178; prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAn nivRtti karoti / ha0 meM 'evaM na'guNatvAt" aMza anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 216 "prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAn nivRtti karoti' (yaha 'na' 'kriyA tathA 'guNa' kI prasakti karA ke phira unakI nivRti, arthAta niSedha karatA hai)| ('guNa' kA) udAharaNa hai -- 'nAsmAkam ekaM priyam' (hameM eka priya nahIM hai)| (yahA~) eka priya kA pratiSedha ho jAne para bahupriya kA jJAna hotA hai| isI taraha 'na sandehaH' (sandeha nahIM haiM) 'nopalabdhi.' (jJAna nahIM hai) ityAdi 'guNa' ke udAharaNa hai kyoMki 'sandeha' Adi 'guNa' haiN| 'kriyA' kA udAharaNa hai-- "anaci ca' (ac ke pare rahane para dvitva nahIM hotA hai), gehe ghaTo nAsti' (ghara meM ghar3A nahIM hai) ityaadi| subantena asAmartho'pi samAsa:--'prasajyapratiSedha' ke viSaya meM upara yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki yaha vidhi-pradhAna na hokara niSedha-pradhAna hotA hai tathA yahA~ 'na' kA sambandha kriyA ke sAtha hotA hai / yaha 'prasajyapratiSedha' sAmAnyatayA do prakAra kA hotA hai-samAsayukta evaM samAsarahita / yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki yahAM 'na' kA sambandha 'subanta' pada ke sAtha na hokara 'kriyA' ke sAtha hotA hai isaliye, 'subanta' pada ke sAtha 'ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya' na hone ke kAraNa, "samarthaH padavidhiH" (pA0 2.1 1) ke niyamAnusAra, 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM meM samAsa nahIM honA caahiye| isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA ki 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM meM sAmAnyatayA samAsa nahIM huA karatA / para kucha prayogoM meM, apavAda ke rUpa meM, samAsa kA prayoga bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isa apavAda vAlI sthiti kA hI saMketa AcArya pAriNani ke sUtra "asUryalalATayo zitapoH" meM kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra se 'asUrya' isa 'karma' vAcaka zabda ke upapada hone para 'dRz' dhAtu se 'khaz' pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isakA udAharaNa hai-'prasUryampazyA rAjadArA:' (sUrya ko na dekha sakane vAlI rAniyAM) / yahAM 'naJ' kA sambandha 'sUryam' ke sAtha na hokara 'dRz' kriyA ke sAtha hai'na dekhane vAlI' / isaliye, 'na' tathA 'sUrya' ke paraspara anvita na ho sakane rUpa 'asamarthatA' ke kAraNa, samAsa nahIM honA cAhiye thaa| parantu vyavahAra meM yaha prayoga pracalita thaa| isa kAraNa isa zabda kI siddhi ke liye pANini ko uparyukta sUtra banAnA pdd'aa| pANini ke sUtra se siddha hone vAlA yaha 'prasUryampazyA rAjadArAH' prayoga sUcita karatA hai ki 'prasajya pratiSedha' ke kucha aura bhI prayoga aise mila sakate haiM yA milate haiM, jahA~ sAmarthya na hone para bhI samAsa kiyA jAtA hai / vaiyAkaraNa aise sthaloM meM 'asamartha samAsa' mAnate haiN| dra0 --'asUrya' iti ca asamartha samAso'yam, izinA natraH sambandhAt, sUryaM na pazyantIti' (kAzikA 3.2.36) / kriyApadaM guNasyApyupalakSaNam --~-'prasajyapratiSedha' meM 'na' ke artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai tathA usakA sambandha 'kriyA' se hotA hai| parantu kevala 'kriyA' ke sAtha hI sarvatra 'na' kA sambandha dikhAI detA ho aisA nahIM hai / 'kriyA' ke samAna hI 'guNa' vAcaka zabdoM ke sAtha bhI 'na' kA sambandha aneka prayogoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| isaliye For Private and Personal Use Only

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220 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA aneka prAcArya uparyukta kArikA "kriyayA saha yatra na' ke 'kriyA' pada ko 'guNa' pada kA bhI upalakSaka mAnate haiN| prAcArya pataMjali bhI inhIM prAcAryoM meM se eka haiN| inheM bhI 'prasajya pratiSedha' vAle 'na' kA sambandha 'kriyA' tathA 'guNa' donoM prakAra ke zabdoM se abhipreta hai / pataMjali ke "prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAt nivRtti karoti" isa kathana se yaha sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| ___'prasajyapratiSedha' ke una sthaloM meM jahA~ 'na' kA sambandha 'guNa' ke sAtha hotA hai unake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yahA~ do tIna udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / pahalA hai'nAsmAkam ekaM priyam' (hameM eka nahIM priya hai)| yahA~ 'priya' meM 'ekatva saMkhyA' kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai / ata: 'na' kA sambandha kisI kriyA' se na hokara 'ekatva saMkhyA' se hai / 'ekatva saMkhyA' ke pratiSedha se hI yahAM, 'ekatva' se itara, dvitva Adi 'saMkhyA' se yukta 'priya' kI pratIti hotI hai| yaha 'ekatva saMkhyA' jisake sAtha nan' kA sambandha kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'kriyA, na hokara 'guNa' hai / 'na' sUtra ke bhASya meM paMtajali ne bhI isI prakAra kA eka udAharaNa diyA hai'na na ekaM priyam' (hameM eka priya nahIM hai)| isa udAharaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kaiyyaTa kahatA hai-"atra eka pratiSedhasAmarthyadeva saMkhyAntarayuktavastupratItiH" / ___yahAM dUsare tathA tIsare udAharaNa (na sandehaH, nopalabdhi:) meM bhI sandeha tathA upalabdhi yA jJAna 'guNa' haiM jinake sAtha 'nan' kA sambandha hotA hai / kriyodAharaNam-kriyA ke bhI do udAharaNa yahAM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| pahalA hai pANini kA sUtra "anaci ca" / isa sUtra ke do artha kiye jAte haiM--eka vidhiparaka tathA dUsarA niSedhaparaka / vidhiparaka artha hai- "ac' se avyavahita bAda meM vidyamAna 'yara' ko, 'ac' ke pare na hone para, vikalpa se dvitva hotA hai" / tathA niSedhaparaka artha hai"ac' se avyavahita vAda meM vidyamAna 'yar' ko 'ac' ke pare hone para dvitva nahIM hotA" / isa prakAra "anaci" sUtra meM pataMjali tathA kAzikAkAra Adi vidvAn 'paryu dAsa pratiSedha' mAnate haiM tathA kaiyyaTa, padamaMjarIkAra, haradatta ityAdi 'prasajyapratiSedha' mAnate haiM / kaiyyaTa ne (mahA0 kI apanI udyota TIkA meM) eka truTita pATha uddhata kiyA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai ki yadi isa sUtra meM 'payudAsa pratiSedha' mAnA gayA to isa sUtra kA artha hogA "ac' sadRza ('aj' bhinna) varNa ke pare hone para dvitva hotA hai / isa rUpa meM, ac sadRza varNAntara ko nimitta mAnane ke kAraNa 'vAkk' ityAdi avasAna vAle prayogoM meM dvitva karanA sambhava na hogA, kyoMki yahAM 'k' se pare koI varNa hai hI nahI / dUsarI ora 'prasajyapratiSedha' mAnane meM yaha lAbha hai ki vahAM pratiSedha se vidhi kA anumAna kara liyA jAyagA, arthAt 'ac' se pare hone para 'yara' ke dvitva kA pratiSedha kiyA jA rahA hai, isaliye 'ac' se uttara 'yar' ko sarvatra dvitva hogaa| 1. dra0-uddyota TIkA 8.4.47 pR0 226; pATho'yaM lekhkprmaadaannssttH| paryudAse hi acsadazavarNAntarasya nimittatvenopAnAd avasAne dvivacanasyAprasaMgAt / tasmAt nAyaM paya dAso 'yadanyadacaH' iti / ki tahi prasajyapratiSedho 'aci na' ityayaM pAThaH / tatra prasajyapratiSedhe vidhiranumIyate / aci uttarasya yaro nUnaM dvivacanaM sarvatrAsti yato'ci pratiSidhyate / evaM cAnamittikaM dvirvacanam avasAne'pi bhavati / haradata ne bhI padamaMjarI (8.4.47) meM isI prakAra kI bAteM kahI haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 221 ['prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM ke artha] tasyA samastasya tu 'atyantAbhAvaH' evArthaH / asamastasya tu 'atyantAbhAvaH, 'anyonyAbhAvaH' ca / tAdAtmyetarasambandhAbhAvaH 'atyantAbhAvaH' / tAdAtmyasambandhAbhAvaH 'anyonyAbhAvaH' bhedaH ityarthaH / 'asUryampazyA rAjadArAH', 'gehe ghaTo nAsti,' 'ghaTo na paTaH' ityudAharaNAni / prAgabhAvapradhvaMsAbhAvau tu na naJdyotyau / tatra 'atyantAbhAvaH 'vizeSyatayA tingntaarth-kriyaanvyyev| naartha:-- 'atyantAbhAva'--vizeSyakabodhe tiGsamabhivyAhRta-dhAtujanyopasthite: kAraNatvAt / tathA ca 'ghaTo nAsti' ityAdau 'ghaTakartRka-sattApratiyogiko'bhAvaH' iti bodhaH / ataeva 'ahaM nAsmi', 'tvaM nAsi' ityAdau 'ghaTau na staH', 'ghaTA na santi' ityAdau ca puruSa-vAcanavyavasthA upapadyate anyathA yuSyamadAdestiGsAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvAt 'mad abhAvo'sti' ityAdAviva sA na syAt / a sandehaH' ityAdau AropitArthakanava samAsaH / 'atyantAbhAvaH'tu phalita eva / 'vAyau rUpaM nAsti' ityatra tu tAtparyAnupapattyA rUpapratiyogikAtyantAbhAve lakSaNA / tena 'vAyvadhikaraNikA rUpAbhAvakartR kA sattA' iti bodhaH / vastutastu samaniyatAbhAvaikyam Azritya phalitArtha evAyam / 'arUpam asti' ityarthakaM vA tat' / etena 'atyantAbhAva-prakArakakriyAvizeSyako bodhaH' iti tAkikoktam apAstam / 1. 10-ttr| 2. ha. meM isake bAda "asamasta-samaste 'asandehaH' 'avivAdaH' ityAdau atyantAbhAvArthaka noM'pyakriyAnva yitvAt asamasta ityuktam" itanA adhika hai| ha-napadArtha / ha-ahaM nAsam / 5. ha.-meM 'sA na syAt' ke sthAna para 'sA puruSa-vacana-vyavasthA na syAt' hai| __'asandehaH ityAdI...vA tat' yaha aMza haka meM anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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222 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA usa samAsa-yukta ('prasajyapratiSedha' ) kA pratyantAbhAva' artha hI hai parantu samAsa-rahita ( ' prasajya pratiSedha' tathA 'paryudAsa' kA ( kramazaH) 'pratyantAbhAva' aura 'anyonyAbhAva' (artha) hai / 'tAdAtmya' ( sambandha ) se bhinna sambandhoM ke prabhAva ko 'atyantAbhAva' kahA jAtA hai tathA 'tAdAtmya' - sambandha ke prabhAva ko 'anyo'nyAbhAva' / (isa 'anyo'nyAbhAva' kA ) artha hai ( pArasparika ) bhinnatA / (kramaza: ina tInoM arthoM ke) udAharaNa haiM-' asUryampazyA rAjadArA:' ( sUrya ko na dekhane vAlI rAniyAM), 'gehe ghaTo nAsti' (ghara meM ghar3A nahIM hai), 'ghaTo na paTa: ' ( ghar3A vastra nahIM hai ) 'prAga prabhAva' tathA 'pradhvaMsAbhAva' naJ ke dyotya (artha) nahIM haiN| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir una ('atyantAbhAva' tathA 'anyo'nyAbhAva' ) meM 'pratyantAbhAva' vizeSya (pradhAna) bana kara tiGanta (pada) ke artha (kriyA) meM anvita hotA hai kyoMki 'naJ' kA artha 'pratyantAbhAva' - hai pradhAna jisameM aise jJAna meM tiG ke samIpastha dhAtu se utpanna artha kAraNa banatA hai / isa taraha 'ghaTo nAsti' (ghar3A nahIM hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "ghar3A hai 'kartA' jisakA aisI sattA hai 'pratiyogI' 'jisameM aisA prabhAva" yaha ' zAbdabodha' hotA hai / isIlie ('kriyA' ke prati 'naJ' ke artha 'atyantAbhAva' ke pradhAna hone ke kAraNa ) 'ahaM nAsmi' ( maiM nahIM hU~), ' tvaM' nAsi, (tuma nahIM ho ) ityAdi ( prayogoM) meM tathA 'ghaTau na staH' (do ghar3e nahIM haiM), 'ghaTA na santi ' ( bahuta ghar3e nahIM haiM ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'puruSa' evaM 'vacana' kI vyavasthA bana jAtI hai| isake viparIta 'naJ' ke artha 'pratyantAbhAva' ko 'kriyA' kA vizeSaraNa tathA 'kriyA' ko (vizeSya) mAnane para, 'yuSmad' tathA 'asmad' Adi kA tiG ke sAtha samAna adhikararaNatA ke na hone ke kAraNa, 'madabhAvo'sti' (merA prabhAva hai ) ityAdi prayogoM ke samAna vaha ( 'puruSa - vacana' viSayaka vyavasthA) nahIM utpanna ho sakatI / 'asandehaH' (sandeha kA prabhAva ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM to 'Aropita' - artha vAle 'naJ' ke sAtha hI samAsa kiyA gayA hai / ( isaliye) 'pratyantAbhAva' to usa kA 'phalita' (artha se utpanna ) hI hai (zabdArtha nahIM) / 'vAyau rUpaM nAsti' (vAyu meM rUpa nahIM hai) yahA~ to tAtparya ke susaGgata na hone ke kAraNa, 'rUpa' hai 'pratiyogI jisameM aise 'pratyantAbhAva' meM ('rUpa' zabda kI ) 'lakSaNA ' hai / isaliye "vAyu rUpa 'kiraNa' meM rahane vAlI tathA 'rUpa' kA 'prabhAva' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI sattA " kA bodha hotA hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki 'samaniyata prabhAvoM' ('rUpAbhAva' tathA 'rUpakRrtRka sattA kA 'abhAva' ina donoM) kI ekatA kA AzrayaraNa karake yaha ('rUpAbhAva') 'phalita' artha hI hai / athavA vaha ( 'vAyau rUpaM nAsti' yaha vAkya ) 'arUpa hai' isa arthavAlA hai / isa (" naJ' ke artha 'atyantAbhAva' kA 'kriyA' ke prati 'vizeSya' rUpa se jJAna hotA hai" - isa siddhAnta) se " pratyantAbhAva hai 'vizeSaNa' tathA 'kriyA' hai 'vizeSya' jisameM " aisA bodha hotA hai" naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana khaNDita ho jAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 223 samastasya atyantAbhAva evArthaH-- 'prasajyapratiSedha' tathA 'payudAsapratiSedha' kI samAsa-yukta tathA samAsarahita sthitiyoM meM jo artha prakaTa hote haiM unakI carcA yahA~ kI jA rahI hai / 'prasajyapratiSedha' vAle 'na' kA jaba kisI suvanta pada ke sAtha samAsa huA rahatA to vahA~ 'atyantAbhAva' artha kI abhivyakti hotI hai| 'tAdAtmya', arthAt 'abheda'-sambandha, se bhinna sambandha ke prabhAva ko 'atyantAbhAva' kahA jAtA hai / samAsayukta 'prasajyapratiSadha' kA udAharaNa hai-'prasUryampazyA rAjadArAH' (sUrya ko na dekha pAne vAlI raaniyoN)| yahA~ rAniyoM meM, sUrya ko dekhane kI kriyA' kA jo abhAva hai vaha 'atyantAbhAva' hai, kyoMki 'tAdAtmya-sambandha' se itara ('samavAya') sambandha kA yahA~ abhAva hai| dekhane vAle vyakti meM dekhane kI kriyA' 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai isaliye usa kriyA kA na honA 'samavAya' sambandha kA abhAva hai| asamastasya atyantAbhAva:--samAsarahita 'prasajyapratiSedha' kA udAharaNa hai 'gehe ghaTo nAsti' (ghara meM ghar3A nahIM hai)| yahA~ bhI 'atyantAbhAva' artha hI hai kyoMki ghaTa hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI sattA kA prabhAva bhI 'tAdAtmya'sambandha se bhinna ('samavAya') sambandha kA hI abhAva hai| anyo'nyAbhAvazca- samAsarahita 'paryudAsapratiSedha' ke prayogoM se 'anyonyAbhAva' artha prakaTa hotA hai| isakA udAharaNa hai-'ghaTo na paTaH' / yahA~ 'paTa' meM jo 'ghaTatva' kA abhAva hai vaha 'tAdAtmya'sambandha kA hI abhAva hai| 'anyo'nyaH' kA artha hai 'tAdAtmya' yA 'abheda' / isa 'tAdAtmya' ke abhAva ko hI 'anyo'nyAbhAva' kahate haiM / samAsarahita 'paryudAsapratiSedha' kA yaha 'anyo'nyAbhAva artha phalita' artha hI hai kyoMki usakA zAbdika artha to prAropaviSayatA yA 'Aropa' hI hai| prAgabhAvapradhvaMsAbhAvo tu na najyotyau-'prAgabhAva' tathA 'pradhvaMsAbhAva' 'na' ke dyotya artha nahIM hai| 'prAgabhAva' kA udAharaNa hai- 'ghaTo bhavaSyati' (ghar3A utpanna hogA) tathA 'pradhvaMsAbhAva' kA udAharaNa hai-'ghaTo naSTa:' (ghar3A TUTa gyaa)| zabdazakti ke svabhAva ke kAraNa donoM hI prabhAva 'na' ke dvArA ghotita nahIM ho pAte / yadyapi jaba aise pakke hue ghar3e ke liye jisakI zyAmatA naSTa ho gayI hai yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'zyAmo ghaTo nAsti' (kAlA ghar3A nahIM hai) to aisA lagatA hai ki yahA~ 'pradhvaMsAbhAva' kI pratIti 'na' se ho rahI hai| tathA isI prakAra, ghar3A banane se pahale kapAlAvasthA meM, jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'ghaTo nAsti' (ghar3A nahIM hai) to aisA lagatA hai ki yahA~ 'na' 'prAgabhAva' kI pratIti karA rahA hai| parantu ina pratItiyoM ko vAstavika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki satya yaha hai ki ina donoM hI prayogoM meM 'atyantAbhAva' kA hI dyotana 'naJ' se hotA hai| atyantAbhAvo vizeSyatayA tiGantArthakriyAnvayyeva -- 'prasajyapratiSedha' meM 'na' ke artha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai jabaki 'paryudAsa' meM apradhAnatA / 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayoga meM cAhe ve samAsa-sahita hoM yA samAsa-rahita, 'na' kA artha 'atyantAbhAva' hI hotA hai| yaha 'atyantAbhAva' rUpa artha 'tiGanta pada' (kriyA pada) ke artha (kriyA) meM 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) rUpa se anvita hotA hai| yahAM ke 'tiGanta pada' ko 'kRdanta' prayogoM kA bhI upalakSaNa mAnA jAtA hai, anyathA 'asUryampazyA-rAjadArAH' ityAdi prayogoM, meM jahA~ 'nan', 'tiGanta pada' se sambandha na hokara, 'kRdanta pada ('pazya') se sambandha hai, 'atyantAbhAva' tathA For Private and Personal Use Only

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224 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kriyA kA vizeSya vizeSaNa bhAva nahIM bana skegaa| isake atirikta 'tiGantArthakriyAnvayyeva' isa vAkya ke 'kriyA' pada meM 'guNa' pada kA bhI antarbhAva mAnanA cAhie kyoMki Upara bhASya kI paMkti uddhata karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai 'kriyA' tathA 'guNa' donoM kI prApti yA vidhAna karAkara phira 'nan' unakI nivRtti karatA hai- "prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAn nivRtti karoti" / tisamabhivyahatadhAtujanyopasthite. kAraNatvAt - 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM meM 'tiGanta' (yA 'kRdanta') pada kA artha kyoM 'vizeSaNa' (apradhAna) banatA hai tathA 'na' kA artha ('atyantAbhAva') 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) banatA hai isakA uttara yaha hai ki 'na' ke 'atyantAbhAva' rUpa artha ko 'vizeSya' rUpa meM upasthita karane kA jo kArya hai usa kArya kA kAraNa hai 'tiGnta' athavA 'kRdanta' pada kA artha / isa prakAra 'tiGnta' athavA 'kRdanta' pada kA jo artha hai usake 'sAdhana' (vizeSaNa) hone ke kAraNa 'na' ke dyotya artha kA 'vizeSya' honA svAbhAvika hI hai| isa kAraNa 'ghaTo nAsti' kA artha hai 'ghaTakartRkasattAprayogiko'bhAvaH,' arthAt ghaTa hai 'kartA' jisakA aisI sattA hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM vaha 'prabhAva' / ghaTa, 'sattA' kriyA kA, 'kartA' hai tathA 'sattA' abhAva kA 'pratiyogI' hai / isa prakAra 'sattA' tathA 'abhAva' donoM kI samAna-grAzrayatA athavA samAna-pradhikaraNatA se ghaTa meM mila jAtI hai| ataeva ... ''puruSa-vacana-vyavasthA upapadyate-na' ke artha 'atyantAbhAva' ko kriyA tathA guNa ke prati vizeSya mAnane se, vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA kI dRSTi se, eka lAbha yaha hai ki 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke prayogoM meM 'puruSa' tathA 'vacana' kI vyavasthA susaMgata ho jAtI hai| isake pradarzana ke liye nAgezabhaTTa ne cAra udAharaNa diye haiM / ye haiM.-'ahaM nAsmi', 'tva 'nAsi', ghaTau na staH' 'ghaTA na snti'| ina sabhI prayogoM meM 'prabhAva' artha pradhAna hai tathA usakA 'vizeSaNa' hai 'sattA', kyoMki 'sattA,' abhAva kA 'pratiyogI' hai ('sattApratiyogitAko'bhAvaH'--'sattA' hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM aisA 'abhAva') yaha jJAna ina prayogoM se hotA hai| aba isa 'sattA' ke 'kartA haiM' kramazaH 'ahama', 'tvam', 'ghaTau', 'ghttaaH'| inameM 'sattA' tathA 'abhAva' donoM kI samAna-adhikaraNatA bana jAtI hai, isaliye inhIM ke anusAra 'puruSa' tathA 'vacana' kI vyavasthA saMgata ho sakatI hai| anyathA... - sA na syAt :- yadi uparyukta siddhAnta ke viparIta 'naartha' (atyantAbhAva) ko vizeSaNa tathA kriyA ko vizeSya mAna liyA jAe to-jisa prakAra 'mad abhAvo'sti' isa prayoga meM 'matpratiyogitAkAbhAvakartR kasattA' ('maiM' hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM aisA 'prabhAva' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'sattA') isa artha kI pratIti hone ke kAraNa, 'abhAva' 'kartA' hai isaliye usake sAtha, 'sattA' kriyA kA sAmAnAdhikaraNaya hone se, 'abhAva' ke anusAra 'anya puruSa' tathA 'ekavacana' kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra-'ahaM nAsmi' kA artha hogA 'asmatpratiyogitAkAbhAvakartR kA sattA', arthAt 'maiM' hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM aisA 'prabhAva' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'sattA', na ki 'matkartRka-sattA-pratiyogitAko'bhAvaH' arthAt 'maiM' hai 'kartA' jisakA aisI 'sattA' hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM aisA 'prbhaav'| dUsare zabdoM meM 'abhAva' kI pradhAna rUpa se pratIti na hokara 'sattA' kI pradhAna rUpa se pratIti hogI tathA usa 'sattA' kA 'vizeSaNa' banegA 'prabhAva' / isa taraha 'yuSmad', 'asmad' ke sAtha kriyA kA sAmAnAdhikaraNaya na hokara 'abhAva' ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha nirNaya 225 sAtha usakA sAmAnAdhikaraNya hogA kyoMki 'sattA' rUpa kriyA kA kartA vaha 'prabhAva' hI hai / ataH 'ahaM nAsmi' ityAdi sabhI prayogoM meM 'prabhAva' ke anusAra kevala 'zranyapuruSa' tathA 'eka vacana', arthAt 'asti' kriyA, kA hI prayoga ho sakegA, kramaza: 'grasmi', 'asi', 'staH', 'santi' ina bhinna kriyAoM kA nhiiN| yaha eka mahAn anaucitya doSa hai / 'sandehaH' ityAdI phalitaeva :- para yadi isa siddhAnta ko mAna liyA jAya ki 'pratyantAbhAva' rUpa 'nanartha', 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) bana kara kriyA meM anvita hotA hai to 'asandehaH' ityAdi 'prasajyapratiSedha' ke samAsayukta prayogoM meM "nav tatpuruSa meM uttarapada ke artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai" isa niyama kA ullaMghana hotA hai kyoMki yahA~ to abhAva kI, jo 'nav' kA artha hai, pradhAnatA hai aura isa prayoga meM 'naJ' samAsa kA pUrvapada hai / isaliye yahA~ pUrvapadArtha kI pradhAnatA mAnanI hogI / parantu isa AkSepa kA uttara yaha hai ki 'asandehaH' jaise udAharaNoM meM 'prasajya - pratiSedha' hai hI nahIM, yahA~ to 'paryudAsapratiSedha' hai / isaliye 'prasandehaH ' Adi prayogoM meM 'nav' kA zAbdika artha kevala 'Aropa' hai / 'pratyantAbhAva' rUpa artha bhale hI yahA~ pratIta ho rahA hai para vaha phalita artha hai, arthAt 'nav' ke 'Aropa' rUpa artha- jJAna ke uparAnta hI usakA jJAna hotA hai| vAyau rUpaM 'lakSaraNA : -- vaiyAkararaNoM ke uparyukta siddhAnta ko mAnane para 'vAyo rUpaM nAsti' isa prayoga meM asaMgati upasthita hotI hai / atyantAbhAva ko pradhAna mAnate hue isa vAkya kA artha hogA "AdhArabhUta vAyu kA prAdheyabhUta jo rUpa vaha hai 'kartA' jisakA aisI sattA hai 'pratiyogI' jisameM aisA prabhAva" ( vAyu-nirUpitAdheyatAvad-rUpakartRka- sattA pratiyogitAko bhAvaH) / parantu asatya hone ke kAraNa isa artha ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki satya to yaha hai ki vAyu meM rUpa hotA hI nahIM / isaliye jaba vAyu meM rUpa hai hI nahIM to vaha sattA kA karttA kaise bana sakatA hai| isa kAraNa 'rUpa-kartRka-sattA' artha asatya evaM asaMgata hai / isa asaMgati ke nivAraNArthaM nAgeza bhaTaT tIna samAdhAna yahA~ prastuta kiye haiN| pahalA yaha hai ki, uparinirdiSTa tAtparya kI anupapatti yA asaMgati hone ke kAraNa, 'vAyo rUpaM nAsti' isa prayoga ke 'rUpam' ko 'rUpa ke pratyantAbhAva' artha meM lAkSaNika prayoga mAnA jAya tathA 'naJ' pada ko usa tAtparya kA grAhaka mAnA jAya / isa sthiti meM vAkya kA artha hogA - "rUpAbhAva hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI, 'vAyu' rUpa 'adhikaraNa' meM rahane vAlI, 'sttaa"| isa prakAra 'lakSaNA' kA zravaNa karane tathA 'vAyu' kA 'sattA' meM anvaya kara dene se koI doSa nahIM prAtA / vastutastu" " phalitArtha evAyam :- parantu 'lakSaraNA' vRtti ko mAnane meM eka prakAra kA gaurava hai isaliye 'vastutastu' kaha kara dUsarA samAdhAna diyA gayA jo sambhavataH nAgeza kA apanA mata hai / yahA~ do prakAra ke 'abhAvoM' kI bAta uThAyI gayI hai - 'rUpa kartRka prabhAva' tathA 'rUpAbhAva / vAyu meM 'rUpakartRka prabhAva' mAnane meM to kaThinAI hai| para rUpAbhAva mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ye donoM hI prabhAva 'samaniyata' haiM- samAna sthAna meM rahane vAle haiN| donoM meM se koI bhI nyUna yA adhika sthAna meM rahane vAlA nahIM hai, arthAt jahA~ 'rUpAbhAva' hai vahIM 'rUpakartR' ke sattA' kA prabhAva bhI hai - usase anyatra nahIM / isa prakAra 'samaniyata' hone ke kAraNa ye For Private and Personal Use Only

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226 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA donoM hI-('rUpAbhAva' tathA 'rUpakartR kAbhAva') abhinna haiM, eka haiN| isaliye 'rUpakRrtRka "sattA' kA prabhAva isa zAbdabodha ke hone para bhI usase 'phalita' artha ke rUpa meM 'rUpAbhAva' artha svataH prakaTa ho jAyagA / isa rUpa meM pUrvokta siddhAnta meM koI doSa nahIM aataa| 'arUpam asti' ityarthakaM vA tat :-tIsarA samAdhAna yaha diyA gayA ki 'vAyo rUpaM nAsti' isa vAkya meM 'rUpaM nAsti' yaha aMza 'arUpam' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 'arUpam' yaha jo samAsa kA prayoga hai, vaha vaikalpika hai, arthAt-'arUpam' tathA 'rUpaM nAsti' donoM meM se kisI eka kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaba 'arUpam' ke artha meM 'rUpaM nAsti' kA prayoga kiyA gayA to, 'arUpam' meM 'prasajyapratiSedha' na hokara 'payudAsapratiSedha' hai tathA 'paryudAsa nam' kA artha hai 'pAropa', isaliye, yahA~ 'rUpaM nAsti' kA zAbdika artha hogA-"prAropita-rUpatA vAlA jo 'vAyu' usa adhikaraNa meM rahane vAle jo sparza grAdi ve haiM kartA jisameM aisI 'sattA' aura isa zAbdabodha se 'rUpAbhAva' kI pratIti 'artha se utpanna jJAna' yA 'phalita artha' ke rUpa meM ho jAyagI (tulanA karo- "atyantAbhAve'pi 'prasaktaM hi pratiSidhyate' iti nyAyena AropitaprasaMgasyava niSedhaH / tena 'vAyau rUpaM nAsti' ityAdAvapi vAyau rUpAropaM kRtvaiva niSedho natrA bodhyate iti vivekaH" vAcaspatyam kosh)| etena tAkikoktam apAstam :- isa prakAra vaiyAkaraNoM kA yaha siddhAnta ki "prasajyapratiSedha' kA atyantAbhAva rUpa artha kriyA ke prati 'vizeSya' ke rUpa meM tathA 'kriyA' usake 'vizeSaNa' ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai" nirdoSa siddha ho jAtA hai tathA isake viparIta naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta-"atyantAbhAva vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kriyA ke sAtha anvita hotA hai" doSayukta ThaharatA hai| isaliye dUSita hone ke kAraNa "atyantAbhAva hai 'vizeSaNa' jisameM tathA kriyA hai 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) jisameM' aisA zAbdabodha prasajyapratiSedha meM hotA hai" yaha naiyAyikoM kA kathana uparyukta vivecana se khaNDita ho gyaa| [buddhigata zabda hI vAcaka hai tathA vahI vAcyArtha bhI hai ] nanvevaM' ghaTasattArUpo'rthaH prathamaM buddho nA nivartayitum azakyaH sato niSedhAyogAt, asatastu asattvAdeva nivRttisiddha yA niSedho vyarthaH / taduktam satAM ca na niSedho'sti so'satsu ca na vidyate / jagatyanena nyAyena naarthaH pralayaM gataH / / (pramANavArtika, adhyAya, 4, zloka 226) iti cet ? na "bauddho hi zabdo vAcakaH bauddha eva artho vAcyaH" ityuktatvAt buddhisato'pyarthasya natrA 1. ha. meM 'evaM....."azakyaH' yaha aMza anupalabdha hai / vahA~ 'nanu sato niSedhAyogAt' pATha hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 227 bAhyasattAniSedhAt / buddhau sannapi ghaTo bahirnAsti ityarthAt / na ca-"ghaTa'-'asti'-padAbhyAM yA 'ghaTaviSayA asti buddhiH' jAtA sA nayA nivartyate / kiM bauddhArthasvIkAreNa" iti-vAcyam / buddha : zabdAvAcyatvena natrA tanniSedhAyogAt / etena bauddhArtham asvIkurvanto naarthabodhAya kaSTakalpanAM kurvanta'stArkikAH parAstAH / isa prakAra (natrartha-'atyantAbhAva'- kA 'vizeSya' rUpa se 'kriyA' meM anvaya mAnane para) ghaTa kI 'sattA'-rUpa artha kA, jo pahale jJAta ho cukA hai, 'na' ke dvArA nivartana asambhava hogA kyoMki 'sat' (vidyamAna) kA niSedha nahIM hotA aura 'asat' (vastu) ke to, (usako) sattA ke na hone se hI, nivAraNa ke (svataH) siddha hone ke kAraNa ('na' ke dvArA) niSedha anAvazyaka hai / jaisA ki kahA hai : "vidyamAna vastuoM kA niSedha (saMbhava nahIM hai aura avidyamAna vastuoM meM bhI vaha (niSedha) Avazyaka nahIM hai| isa nyAya se saMsAra meM (sarvatra) 'nan' kA artha (prayoga) naSTa ho gyaa|" yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki "buddhi meM vidyamAna zabda hI vAcaka hai tathA buddhigata artha hI vAcya hai" yaha (sphoTa prakaraNa meM) kahA jA cukA hai| (isaliye) buddhi meM vidyamAna artha kI bhI bAhya sattA kA niSedha 'nan' zabda dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA artha yaha hai ki buddhi meM vidyamAna ghaTa bhI bAhara nahIM hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki- "ghaTa' tathA 'asti' zabdoM ke dvArA jo ghaTa viSayaka sattA kA jJAna utpanna huA usa jJAna kA hI 'nA' ke dvArA nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai isaliye artha ko buddhigata mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA?" kyoMki (ghaTa kI sattA-viSayaka) jJAna zabdoM kA vAcya nahIM hai / ataH' na' ke dvArA usa (jJAna) kA niSedha (bhI) sambhava nahIM hai / isa (kathana) se artha ko buddhigata na mAnane vAle tathA 'na' ke arthajJAna ke liye kaSTa-kalpanA karane vAle naiyAyika parAjita hue| vaiyAkaraNoM ke uparyukta siddhAnta ke viSaya meM yahAM eka aura prazna kiyA gayA hai ki "tiGata' pada kA kriyArUpa artha 'vizeSaNa' hai tathA 'prasajyapratiSedha' vAle 'naJ' kA 'atyantAbhAva' rUpa artha 'vizeSya hai" isa siddhAnta kA artha yaha hai ki 'prabhAva' ko 1. ha.--kurvamtazca / For Private and Personal Use Only

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220 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA 'sattA pratiyogika' mAnanA, arthAt 'sattA' hai 'pratiyogI' ('vizeSaNa' ) jisameM aisA 'prabhAva' yaha pratipAdana karanA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'ghaTo nAsti' jaise vAkyoM meM ghaTa ke prabhAva kI jo pratIti hotI hai usa 'prabhAva' jJAna rUpa kArya meM pratiyogI' yA vizeSaraNabhUta 'ghaTakartRka sattA' kAraNa hai / isa rUpa meM 'prabhAva' ke jJAna se pUrva ghaTa kI 'sattA' anivArya hai / yahA~ kaThinAI yaha hai ki 'sat' yA vidyamAna ghaTa Adi kA niSedha 'naJ' ke dvArA asambhava hai kyoMki 'satkAryavAda' ke siddhAnta ke anusAra 'sat' kA kabhI bhI vinAza nahIM hotA aura 'grasat' kI kabhI sattA nahIM hotI / dra0 --- Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / ubhayorapi dRSTAntastvanayostatvadarzibhiH // gItA (2.16) isa taraha vidyamAna kI nivRtti 'nan' ke dvArA ho nahIM sakatI aura asat ( avidyamAna ) kI nivRtti, usake avidyamAna hone ke kAraNa, svataH hI siddha hai / zrataH usake liye 'nan' ke prayoga kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / isa prakAra, sat asat donoM hI rUpoM meM 'naJ' kA prayoga na ho sakane ke kAraNa, naJa' ke prayoga kA prayojana hI samApta ho jAtA hai / isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki buddhigata zabda hI vAcaka hotA hai, jise 'sphoTa' kahA gayA hai, tathA buddhigata artha hI vAcya hotA hai / isa kAraNa, buddhigata artha ke hI zabda dvArA vAcya hone ke kAraNa, bhale hI vastu buddhi meM vidyamAna rahA kare aura usakA niSedha nav ke dvArA saMbhava na ho parantu vastu kI bAhya sattA kA niSedha to nav' kara hI sakatA hai kyoMki buddhi meM vidyamAna vastu bhI bAhara na ho aisA to prAya: hI hotA hai / na ca 'ghaTa' - zrasti'- padAbhyAm " iti vAcyam - artha ko buddhigata mAnane ke viSaya meM eka yaha AzaMkA prastuta kI gayI hai kyoM na aisA mAnA jAya ki 'ghaTo nAsti' jaise vAkyoM meM prayukta 'ghaTa' tathA 'asti' Adi padoM dvArA ghaTaviSayaka jisa sattA kA jJAna huA usI sattA kA nivAraNa 'nan' apane artha dvArA kiyA karatA hai / itanA mAna lene se hI yadi kAma cala jAtA hai to artha ko buddhigata mAnane kI parokSa kalpanA kyoM kI jAya ? buddha : zabdAvAcyatvena natrA tanniSedhAyogAt :- isa AzaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki 'nav' kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha jisa zabda ke samIpa uccarita yA prayukta hotA hai usake vAcya artha kA niSedha kara diyA kara karatA hai| yahA~ 'ghaTa' tathA 'asti' ke sAtha prayukta 'naJ' inake vAcyArtha kA niSedha to kara sakatA hai para kaThinAI yaha hai ki 'ghaTa' tathA 'asti' padoM kA vAcyArtha ghaTa-viSayaka sattA kA jJAna nahIM hai / isaliye jaba 'jJAna' yA 'buddhi' ina 'ghaTa' tathA 'asti' jaise zabdoM dvArA vAcya nahIM hai to yaha kaise mAna liyA jAya ki ghaTaviSayaka 'asti buddhi' yA sattA ke jJAna kA nivartana 'nav' ke dvArA hogA / ghaTa-viSayaka sattA ke jJAna kA 'nan' ke dvArA nivartana to taba ho sakatA hai| jaba 'ghaTasattAbuddhi' yA 'ghaTa - sattA-jJAna' ke sAtha 'nav kA prayoga kiyA jAya arthAt yaha kahA jAya ki 'ghaTasattAbuddhinaM' athavA 'ghaTasattAjJAnaM na' / parantu yahAM to kebala 'ghaTo nAsti' kahA gayA hai| bhASyakAra pataMjali ke - 'prasajyAya' kriyAguNau 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 226 tataH prazcAt nivRttiM karoti" (mahA0 2.2.6, pR0 178) / isa paMkti kA bhI yahI Azaya hai ki zabda ke dvArA vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM utpanna evaM buddhi ke viSayabhUta jo "kriyA' athavA 'guNa' unakA hI pratiSedha 'nan' nipAta karatA hai| ['ghaTo: na paTaH' isa prayoga ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra tathA usake sambandha meM naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana] 'ghaTo na paTa:' ityatra 'ghaTa'padasya ghaTapratiyogikabhedAzraye aprasiddhA zaktireva lakSaNA, 'na'padaM tAtparyagrAhakam / tAtparyagrAhakatvaM dyotakatvameva ityuktam / ataeva "anyonyAbhAvabodhe pratiyogyanuyogipadayoH samAna vibhaktikatvaM niyAmakam" iti vRddhoktaM saMgacchate / yatta -'ghaTa'padaM ghaTapratiyogike lAkSaNika 'nan'padaM tu bhedavati, ato 'ghaTapratiyogikabhedavAn paTa:' itibodha ititArkikairuktam, tanna / bhedavati naJarthe bhedasya ekadezatvAt tatra ghaTArthAnanvayApatte: "padArthaH padArthena anveti na tu padArthaMkadezena" iti nyAyAt / padadvaye lakSaNA-svIkAre gauravAcca / bhASya-mate lakSaNAyA nipAtAnAM vAcakatvasya ca svIkArAbhAvAd iti saMkSepaH / 'ghaTo na paTaH' (ghar3A vastra nahIM hai) isa (prayoga) meM ghaTa zabda kI, 'ghaTa' hai 'pratiyogI' ('vizeSaraNa') jisameM aisI 'bhinnatA ke Azraya ('paTa') meM aprasiddha (abhidhA) 'zakti' athavA (dUsare zabdoM meM) 'lakSaNA' hai / 'na' pada isa tAtparya kA grAhaka hai / tAtparyagrAhakatA (kA abhiprAya) dyotakatA hI hai yaha kahA jA cukA hai| isIliye vRddha vidvAnoM kA-"anyo'nyAbhAvabodhe pratiyogyanuyogipadayoH samAnavibhaktikatvaM niyAmakam" ('anyo'nyAbhAva' ke jJAna meM pratiyogI' padoM kA samAna athavA eka vibhakti meM prayukta honA kAraNa hai) yaha kathana susaGgata hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ne jo yaha kahA hai ki- "ghaTa' zabda 'ghaTapratiyogika' (ghaTa kA' isa artha) meM 'lAkSaNika' prayoga hai tathA 'naJ' zabda to 'bheda' ke Azraya ('paTa') meM (lAkSaNika' prayoga hai) / isaliye ('ghaTo na paTaH' isa prayoga se) 'ghaTa' hai 'pratiyogI' ('vizeSaNa') jisameM aisI bhinnatA se yukta paTa yaha zAbda-vogha hotA hai"-vaha ucita nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'na' ke artha 'bhedavAn' meM 'bheda' eka deza (eka bhAga yA aMza) hai isaliye usa ('na' pada ke artha ke ekadezabhUta artha 'bheda') meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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230 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'ghaTa' rUpa 'padArtha' ('ghaTa' pada kA artha) kA anvaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki--- "padArtha-padArtha ke sAtha (hI) anvita hotA hai usa (padArtha) ke eka deza ke sAtha nahIM"- yaha, eka nyAya hai| isake atirikta donoM ('ghaTa'tathA 'nan' padoM meM) 'lakSaNAvRtti' mAnane meM gaurava bhI hai| bhASyakAra ke mata meM (bhI) 'lakSaNA tti'vRta thA 'nipAtoM' kI vAcakatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha ('nan' ke artha ke viSaya meM) saMkSipta vivecana hai| ataeva 'anyo'nyAbhAva0'.. saMgacchate-'ghaTo na paTa:' isa prayoga meM 'ghaTa' zabda kI 'ghaTa bhinna paTa' artha meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane se 'ghaTa' kA tiGanta pada ('asti') ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNaya ho jAyagA jisase 'ghaTa' zabda ke sAtha prathamA vibhakti kA saMyojana ho skegaa| isa rUpa meM 'bheda' ke pratiyogI 'ghaTa' tathA anuyogI 'paTa' donoM meM samAna vibhakti hone se yahAM 'anyonyAbhAva' artha kA bodha ho sakegA aura vRddha vidvAnoM ke dvArA kathita nyAya, "anyo'nyAbhAva' ke bodha meM 'pratiyogI' tathA anuyogI' padoM meM samAnavibhakti kA prayoga nimitta banatA hai" (anyo'nyAbhAva-boce pratiyogyanuyogipadayoH samAna-vibhaktikatvaM niyAmakam) bhI susaMgata ho jaaygaa| parantu yadi uparyukta paddhati na mAnI gayI to 'ghaTa' kA, 'pratiyogitAbodhakatva' sambandha se,'paTa' meM anvaya svIkAra karanA hogA / isa taraha 'ghaTa' pada kA 'kriyA ('asti') pada ke sAtha samAna-adhikaraNatA na bana sakegI aura taba, kriyA ke dvArA usake anukta hone ke kAraNa, 'ghaTa' zabda ke sAtha prathamAvibhakti nahIM A skegii| isa sthiti meM, bhinna vibhaktikatA ke hone para, vRddha vicArakoM kA uparyukta nyAya asaMgata ho jAyagA / yatta 'ghaTa'padaM...."svIkArAbhAvAt-yahAM naiyAyikoM ke mata ko anucita eva yukti-rahita pratipAdana karane meM nAgeza ne tIna hetu diye haiM / prathama yaha ki naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'ghaTa' kA artha hogA 'ghaTa-pratiyogI' ('ghaTa kA') tathA 'nan' kA artha hogA 'bhedavAn' / parantu anvaya karate hue 'ghaTa' pada ke artha 'ghaTapratiyogI' kA 'nam' ke artha 'bhedavAn' meM anvaya na karake, 'bhedavAn' isa artha ke eka bhAga, 'bheda' rUpa artha ke sAtha anvaya karanA hogaa| isaliye isa anvaya meM "padArthaH padArthena anveti na tu padArthaMkadezena" isa nyAya se virodha upasthita hogaa| dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki naiyAyikoM ke anusAra donoM 'ghaTa' tathA paTa' padoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti mAnanI hogI jisa meM anAvazyaka gaurava hogA tathA paMtaMjali ke mata se virodha bhI hogA kyoMki ve 'lakSaNA' vRtti ko nahIM mAnate / isa mata kA pratipAdana 'lakSaNAnirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| tIsarA hetu yaha hai ki bhASyakAra pataMjali 'nipAtoM' ko vAcaka nahIM mAnate / 'nipAta' artha ke dyotaka hote haiM yahI mata pataMjali ko abhISTa hai kyoMki 'nan' nipAta ke viSaya meM unhone spaSTa kahA hai-"nanimittA tUpalabdhi:" arthAt 'na' ke kAraNa to (usa sAtha meM uccarita pada ke artha kA) dyotana hotA hai / parantu naiyAyika 'nipAtoM' ko vAcaka mAnate hue yahAM 'na' ko 'bhedavAn' artha kA vAcaka batAte haiM isaliye, isa dRSTi se bhI, pataMjali se unakA virodha dikhAI detA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra [ 'eva' nipAta ke vivadha artha ] www.kobatirth.org nipAtArtha - nirNaya 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'eva' zabdasyArthaH ' avadhAraNam' 'prasambhava' zca / "eve cAniyoge " ( mahA0 6.1.64 ) iti vArtike "niyogo avadhAraNam / tadabhAvo asambhavaH" iti kayTokta: / anayorarthayoH 'eva' zabdo dyotakaH / ataeva taM vinApi tadarthapratItiH / "sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam" iti bRddhoktaM saMgacchate / "lavaraNam eva asau bhuGkte' ityAdau prAcuyarthakasya, 'ghaTa eva prasiddhaH' ityAdau prapyarthakasya, 'kveva bhokSyase' ityAdau prasambhavArthakasya ca tasya sattvam" iti - prAlaGkArikAH / "L 'eva' zabda kA artha hai 'avadhAraNa' ( niyamana ) tathA 'asambhava' kyoMki " eve cAniyoge" isa vArtika ( kI vyAkhyA) meM 'niyoga' arthAt 'avadhAraNa' tathA usakA prabhAva (aniyoga ) arthAt 'asambhava' hai" yaha kaiyaTa ne kahA hai / ina donoM prarthoM kA 'eva' zabda dyotaka hai / isIliye usa ( 'eva' ) ke ( prayoga ke ) binA bhI usa ( 'eva') ke artha kA jJAna hotA hai tathA "sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam" (sabhI vAkya gravadhAraNa, arthAt niyama ke sahita hote haiM) yaha vRddhoM kA kathana susaMgata hotA hai / ( isake atirikta) 'lavaNam eva prasau bhuGkta' ( vaha namaka hI khAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'adhikatA' artha vAle, 'ghaTa eva prasiddha, ' (ghaTa bhI prasiddha hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'bhI' artha vAle tathA 'kveva bhokSyase' ( kahAM khAoge ? aba to kahIM bhI khAnA nahIM milegA ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'asambhava' artha vAle usa ( 'eva') kI sattA hai - aisA pralaMkArika - vidvAn kahate haiM / 231 I " eve cAniyoge ' ' iti kaipTokteH - kAtyAyana kI vArtika "eve cAniyoge " se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'eva' nipAta ke 'niyoga' tathA 'aniyoga' donoM hI artha hai / zranyathA, yadi kevala 'niyoga' artha hI hotA to, kevala 'aniyoga' artha meM hI kAtyAyana ne 'eva' ke sAtha pararUpa kA vidhAna na kiyA hotA / 'niyoga' kA artha hai hai 'avazyambhAva' athavA 'avadhAraNa' yA 'niyamana' / 'aniyoga' kA artha hai 'anavaklRpti' (sambhAvanA ) yA 'anizcaya' / isa 'pranizcaya' artha vAle 'eva' ke sAtha hI pararUpa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isaliye 'niyoga' artha vAle 'eva' ke sAtha " vRddhireci" ( pA0 6.1.88 ) se prApta vRddhi hotI hai / isIliye kisI vidvAn kahA hai anavaklRptau yadA dRSTaH pararUpasya gocaraH / evastu viSayo vRddha niyame'yaM yadA bhavet // ( siddhAntakaumudI 6.1 64 kI tattvabodhinI TIkA meM uddhRta ) For Private and Personal Use Only tulanA karo - "kaiyaTakRta pradIpa TIkA, mahA0 6.1.94. pR0 636; niyogo'vazyambhAvaH, avadhAraNam tasmAd anyatra arthe pararUpaM bhavati "

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 232 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA 'aniyoga' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'kveva bhokSyase' prayoga milatA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai - 'kaho khAoge, aba to kahIM bhI bhojana nahIM milegA ?' dera se Ae hue vyakti ke liye isa prakAra kA ulAhanA diyA jAtA hai| yahAM 'eva' kA artha 'asambhAvanA' hai / athavA isa vAkya kA dUsarA artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki aneka sthAnoM se nimantraNa AyA hai, unameM meM kisa sthAna para khAyoge ? isa dvitIya abhiprAya meM 'eva' kA artha anizcaya' hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa vArtika meM 'niyoga' kA artha jinendrabuddhi ityAdi kucha vidvAn 'niyojana', arthAt 'vyApAra', karate haiM ( dra0 - nyAsa 6.1.64 ) / parantu isa artha ko svIkAra karane se aneka prayogoM meM doSa upasthita hotA hai jinakA pradarzana praur3hamanoramA ityAdi meM kiyA gayA hai / isaliye 'niyoga' kA artha 'avadhAraNa hI karanA cAhiye / [avadhAraNa ke tIna prakAra ] zranayorarthayoH 'eva' zabdo dyotakaH - 'eva' zabda ina donoM, 'niyoga' tathA 'niyoga', arthoM kA dyotaka hai vAcaka nahIM kyoMki 'eva' ke prayoga ke binA bhI aneka sthaloM meM ina arthoM kI pratIti hotI hai tathA 'eva' ko dyotaka mAnane para hI "sarva vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam" (sabhI kathana niyama se yukta hotA hai) yaha vRddha AcAryoM kA kathana susaMgata hotA hai / isa prasaMga meM prAcArya pataMjali kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai jahA~ se yaha Azaya nikalatA hai ki binA 'eva' ke prayoga ke bhI 'avadhAraNa' artha kI pratIti hotI hai- "athavA santi ekapadAni apyavadhAraNAni / tadyathA - 'abbakSo' 'vAyu-bhakSa:' iti / apa eva bhakSayati vAyumeva bhakSayati iti gamyate " 1 ( mahA0 bhA0 1, pR0 49 ) / yahA~ 'ekapadAni' kA abhiprAya hai ki 'eva' zabdarahita eka pada bhI avadhAraNa artha vAle hote haiM / 'eva' kA prayoga karane para to dvipada avadhAraNa ho jAyagA kyoMki dyotaka rUpa meM 'eva' kI bhI apekSA hogI hI / " taccAvadhAraNaM trividham / vizeSya-saMgata- evakAre'granyayogavyavaccheda rUpam', vizeSaNa saMgata - evakAre-- 'prayogavyavacchedarUpam,' kriyAsaMgata- evakAre-- 'gratyantAyogavyacchedarUpam' / - vizeSye - 'pArtha eva dhanurdharaH' / 'pArthetarAvRtti yaddhanurdharatvaM tAdRzadhanurdharatvavAn pArthaH" iti bodhaH, iti anyasmin dhanurdharatva- sambandha-vyavacchedaH / vizeSaNe - 'zaMkhaH pANDura eva' / 'prayogaH' sambandhAbhAvaH / tasya vyavacchedo nivRttiH / dvAbhyAM niSedhAbhyAM prakRtadAbodhanena 'pravyabhicarita - pANDuratvaguraNavAn zaMkhaH' iti For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 233 bodhaH, iti 'ayogavyavacchedaH' / na tu nIlaH" iti tu' phalati / kriyAyAm-'nIlaM sarojaM bhavatyeva' / 'atyantaH' atizayitaH, 'ayogaH' sambandhAbhAvaH / tasya 'vyavacchedaH' abhAvaH / tathA ca 'kadAcin nIlatvaguNavad abhinnaM yat sarojaM tatkartR kA sattA' iti bodhaH / 'kadAcid anyAdRzaguNa-saMyuktam' ityapi gamyate, iti 'atyantAyogavyavacchedaH' / vaha 'avadhAraNa' tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| vizeSya' ke sAtha saMgata hone vAle evakAra' meM vaha (avadhAraNa) anya (vizeSaNa) meM dharma ke sambandha kA abhAva rUpa, 'vizeSaraNa' ke sAtha saMgata hone vAle 'evakAra' meM (vaha 'avadhAraNa') ayoga (sambandhAbhAva) kA abhAvarUpa tathA 'kiyA' pada ke sAtha sambaddha hone vAle 'evakAra' meM (dharma ke) sambandha ke atyantAbhAva kA vyavaccheda (abhAva) rUpa vAlA hotA hai| vizeSya meM (saMgata hone vAle 'evakAra' kA udAharaNa)-'pArtha eva dhanurdharaH' (arjana hI dhanuSa dhAraNa karane vAlA hai)| 'arjuna se anya vyaktiyoM meM na rahane vAlI jo dhanurdharatA hai usa (dhanurdharatA) se yukta arjuna' yaha jJAna hotA hai| isaliye (yahA~) anya (vyakti) meM dhanurdharatA ke sambandha kA vyavaccheda (abhAva) hai| vizeSaNa meM (sambaddha hone vAle 'evakAra' kA udAharaNa)- 'zaGkhaH pANDura eba' (zaMkha sapheda hI hotA hai)| 'prayoga' (arthAt) sambandha kA abhAva / usakA 'vyavaccheda' (arthAt) nivRtti / do niSedhoM ke dvArA prAkaraNika artha ko dRr3hatA kA jJAna hone se 'aTUTa sambandha se rahane vAlI zvetatAguNa se zaMkha yukta hai' yaha bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra (yahA~) 'ayoga' kA abhAva (dharma kA aTUTa sambandha) hai| na ki (zaMkha) nIla varNa vAlA (bhI) hotA hai yaha 'phalita' (arthajanita artha) hai| kriyA meM (sambaddha hone vAle 'evakAra' kA udAharaNa)-'nIlaM saroja bhavatyeva' (nIlA kamala hotA ho hai)| 'atyanta' (arthAt) atyAdhika (athavA nitya) 'prayoga' (arthAt) sambandha kA abhAva / usa (atyantAyoga) kA vyavaccheda (arthAt) abhAva / isa taraha 'kabhI nolatva guNa (varNa) vAlA jo kamala usakI sattA' yaha jJAna hotA hai| 'kabhI anya (nIlatvaguNa se bhinna) guNa se yukta' 1-nisa0, kaaprshu0-hi| For Private and Personal Use Only

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234 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (kamala hotA hai) yaha bhI jJAna hotA hai / isa rUpa meM yahA~ 'atyantAyoga' kA vyavaccheda (abhAva) hai| yahA~ 'vizeSya-saMgata', 'vizeSaNa-saMgata' tathA 'kriyA-saMgata' meM 'vizeSya' 'vizeSaNa' tathA 'kriyA' zabda kramazaH vizeSyavAcakapada' 'vizeSaNavAcakapada tathA 'kriyAvAcakapadoM' ke liye vyavahRta hue haiN| 'eva' ke isa trividha artha-prakAzana kI, sthiti ko kisI vidvAn ne nimna kArikA meM saMgRhIta kiyA hai prayogam anyayogaM cAtyantAyogameva ca / vyavacchinatti dharmasya evakArastridhAmataH / / nAgeza kI uparyukta paMktiyoM meM 'dharma' zabda nahIM kahA gayA para use vahAM adhyAhRta samajhanA caahiye| isa taraha jaba 'eva' vizeSya vAcaka pada se anvita ho to vizeSya bhUta vyakti yA vastu se anya vyakti yA vastu meM nirdiSTa 'dharma' kA niSedha yA abhAva 'eva' kA dyotya artha hotA hai| jaise-'pArtha eva dhanurdharaH' prayoga se vizeSyabhUta pArtha se itara vyakti meM dhanurdharatA rUpa 'dharma ke, abhAva kI pratIti 'eva' zabda se hotI hai| isI ko 'anya-yoga-vyavaccheda' kahA gayA / jaba vizeSaNa-vAcaka pada ke sAtha 'eva' zabda prayukta hotA hai to 'eva' nipAta, nirdiSTa 'dharma' kA vizeSya ke sAtha jo sambandhAbhAva usakA niSedha karate hue, vizeSya ke sAtha usa 'dharma' kA niyamana karatA hai| jaise - 'zaMkha: pANDura eva' isa prayoga meM 'eva' pANDuratva yA zvetatA rUpa 'dharma' kA zaGkha ke sAtha sambhAvya sambandhAbhAva kA niSedha karatA hai / ataH yahA~ 'dharma' ke 'ayoga' (sambandhAbhAva) kA abhAva 'eva' kA dyotya artha huaa| isa rUpa meM 'prayoga' tathA 'vyavaccheda' ina donoM niSedhAtmaka zabdoM ke kathita hone ke kAraNa do 'naJ' yahAM upasthita hote haiM aura ye do niSedha, vizeSa dRr3hatA ke sAtha, yaha batAte haiM ki zaMkha sapheda hI hotA hai -kabhI bhI vaha nIla Adi varNavAlA nahIM hotA / isa sthiti ko 'ayoga-vyavaccheda' kahA gayA hai / jaba kriyA-vAcaka pada ke sAtha 'eva' kA sambandha hotA hai taba vahAM nirdiSTa 'dharma' ke 'atyantAyoga,' (atyadhika sambandha ke prabhAva), ke niSedha mAtra kI pratIti 'eva' se hotI hai| jaise-'nIlaM sarojaM bhavatyeva' yahA~ kamala ke sAtha nIlatA kA jo sambhAvya 'atyantAbhAva' usI kA 'eva' niSedha karatA hai| isakA abhiprAyaH yaha hai ki kisI-kisI kamala meM nIlatA bhI raha sakatI hai-yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki kevala nIlatA hI kamala meM rahe zvetatA bhI kamala meM rahatI hai, arthAt - kamala nIlA bhI ho sakatA hai tathA sapheda bhii| isa taraha 'avadhAraNa' ke prathama prakAra ke samAna yahAM na to yahI niyama kiyA jAtA hai ki 'kamala hI nIlA hai' aura na, avadhAraNa ke dUsare prakAra ke samAna, 'nIlA hI kamala hai' yaha niyama hI yahAM banatA hai / avadhAraNa kI isa tIsarI sthiti ko 'atyantA-yoga-vyavaccheda' nAma diyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaNa 235 ['eva' ke prayoga ke binA bhI niyama kI pratIti] kvacid 'eva'-zabdaM vinApi niyama-pratItiH / tad uktaM 'bhASye-'abhakSyo grAmyakukkuTaH' ityukte gamyate etada yAraNyo bhakSyaH' iti / 'sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam" iti nyAyAt / prAlaGa kArikA api parisaGa khyA'alaG-kAraprakaraNe "pramANAntareNa prAptasyaiva vastunaH punaH zabdena pratipAdanaM prayojanAntarAbhAvAt-sva-tulya-nyAya-vyavacchedaM gamaya'ti" iti / bhAgavate (11.5.11) api :loke vyavAyAmiSa-madya-sevA _ nityAstu jantorna hi tatra codanA / vyavasthitisteSu vivAha-yajJa surAgrahairAsu nivRttiriiSTA / / 'vyavAyo' maithunam, 'grAmiSam' matsyAdi, 'madyam'eteSAM sevA / 'jantoH' prANimAtrasya / 'nityA' rAgataH praaptaa| ataH 'tatra' 'codanA' vidhiH, nAsti / nanvevam "Rtau bhAryAm upeyAt," "hutazeSa bhakSayet,' "sautrAmaNyAM surA-grahAn gRha NAti" ityeteSAM vaiyrthym| 'bhAryAm' vivAhitAm / tatra pAha-'vyavasthitiH' iti / teSu punaH prApaNam ityarthaH / niyamasya anya-nivRtti-phalakatvAd Aha--'aAsu nivRttiriSTA' iti / 'anyeSu' iti zeSaH / kahIM (kucha prayogoM meM) 'eva' zabda ke (prayoga ke) binA bhI niyama (avadhAraNa) kI pratIti hotI hai| isaliye bhASya meM kahA hai -- "abhakSyo 1- tulanA karo-mahA0, bhA0 1, pR0 36; 'abhakSyo grAmyakukkuTaH', 'abhakSyo grAmyasUkaraH' ityukte gabhyate etad AraNyo bhakSyaH / 2-ha. meM 'itara' 3-tulanA karo-kAvya prakAza, 10.122; pramANAntarAyagatam api vastu zabdena pratipAditaM prayojanAntarAbhAvAt sadRza-vastvantara-vyavacchedAya yat paryavasyati sA bhaveta 'parisaMkhyA' / 4-nisa0, kAprazu0 meM 'praaptaa:'| 5-ha. meM "prApteti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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236 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA grAmya-kukkuTaH' (grAmINa murgA abhakSya hai) yaha kahane para jaMgalI murgA bhakSya hai' yaha pratIti hotI hai" / kyoMki "sarva vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam" (sabhI vAkya niyama sahita hote haiM) yaha nyAya hai| alaMkAra-zAstra ke prAcArya (mammaTa Adi) bhI 'parisaMkhyA' alaMkAra ke prakaraNa meM (yaha kahate haiM ki)-- "dUsare pramANa se prApta hue vastu kA punaH zabda ke dvArA kathana, dUsare prayojana ke na hone ke kAraNa, apane samAna anya vastu ke abhAva kI abhivyakti karAtA hai|" bhAgavata (purANa) meM bhI kahA hai- "maithuna, mAMsa, madya kA sevana loka meM prANI ke liye nitya (svataH prApta viSaya) haiN| inameM preraNA athavA vidhAna vAkya (ko apekSA) nahIM hai| (parantu) vivAha, yajJa tathA surAgraha-paraka vAkyoM dvArA inakI vyavasthA (isa liye) kI gayI ki ina (maithuna, mAMsa, madya ke sevana) se nivRtti (hI) abhISTa hai|" 'vyavAya' (arthAt) maithuna, AmiSa' (arthAt) matsya Adi (kA mAMsa) tathA madya-inakA sevana / 'jantoH' (arthAt) prANImAtra ke liye| nitya haiM(arthAta) svabhAva yA icchA se hI prApta haiN| isaliye inake viSaya meM 'codanA' (arthAt) vidhi (kI AvazyakatA) nahIM hai| yadi aisA hai to- "Rtau bhAryAm upeyAt" (RtukAla meM strI ke pAsa jAya), "hutazeSaM bhakSayet" (Ahuti se bace hue mAMsa havi kA bhakSaNa kare), sautrAmaNyAM surAgrahAn gRha gAti' (sautrAmaNi yAga meM surApAtra ko pakar3e tathA madirA pIve)-ye vAkya kyA nirarthaka haiM ? 'bhAryAm' (kA artha hai) vivAhita strI / isa para (isa prazna ke uttara meM) kahate haiM-'vyavasthitiH' (arthAt) ina kAryoM kA punaH vidhAna (ora usase abhivyakta niyama) / niyama kA prayojana anya vidhAnoM kA nivAraNa karanA hotA hai, isaliye (bhAgavatakAra ne) kahA- ina (maithuna, mAMsa, madya ke sevana) se nivRtti (hI) iSTa hai / (yahAM 'bhAryA' Adi se) bhinna (maithuna Adi ke sevana se) yaha zeSa hai| ____ kvacid 'eva' zabdaM vinApi niyama-pratItiH-nAgeza bhaTTa ne yahA~ 'kvacit' zabda ke dvArA jina prayogoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai unheM tIna prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina tIna prakAroM kA pAribhASika nAma hai 'niyama', 'parisaMGkhyA' tathA 'abhyanujJA' / ina tInoM hI prakAra ke prayogoM meM eka prakAra kA 'avadhAraNa' yA niyama pAyA jAtA hai parantu ina--'niyama,' 'parisaMkhyA' tathA 'abhyanujJA' vAle -- vAkyoM meM 'eva' kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| binA 'eva' zabda ke prayoga ke hI ye vAkya niyamarUpa artha ko prakaTa karate haiN| yahAM nAgeza ne 'niyama' pada kA prayoga 'niyama', 'parisaMGakhyA' tathA 'abhyanujJA' tInoM ke liye kiyA hai kyoMki tInoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se niyama kI sthiti pAyI jAtI hai| niyama-'niyama' kI paribhASA hai-"niyamaH pAkSike sati" (taMtravAtika 1.2.34), arthAt eka pakSa meM kisI anya pramANa se 'vidhi' kI prApti hone para bhI For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaNa 237 dUsare pakSa meM bhI prApta hone vAle usa vidhAna ke nivAraNArtha punaH vidhAna karane ko 'niyama' vAkya kahA jAtA hai| jaise- "same deze yajeta" (sama sthAna meM yajJa kare) yaha vAkya "svargakAmo yajeta' (svargAbhilASI vyakti yajJa kare) isa vAkya ke dvArA sama tathA viSama sabhI taraha ke sthAnoM meM yajJa karane kA vidhAna prApta hai| isaliye sama deza meM yajana kI pAkSika prApti to hai hI / parantu viSama deza meM bhI yajana ke pAkSika vidhAna hone se, usa sthiti meM, sama deza meM yajana karane kI pAkSika aprApti hai| isaliye "same deze yajeta" kaha kara usa pAkSika aprApti kA bhI nivAraNa kara ke, yaha niyama banA diyA gayA ki 'same deze eva yajeta (sama bhUmi meM hI yajana kare, asama bhUmi meM nhiiN)| isa taraha ina niyama-vAkyoM meM binA 'eva' ke prayoga ke bhI niyamana yA 'avadhAraNa' kI pratIti hotI hai jisase dUsare prakAra kI vidhi ke pratiSedha kA jJAna hotA hai (dra 0 -- artha saMgraha 50) / 'parisaMkhyA vidhi' -parisaMkhyA vidhi' kA lakSaNa hai-"tatra cAnyatra ca prApte parisaMkhyA vidhIyate' (taMtravArtika 1.2.34), arthAt jahA~ dUsare pramANa se sAmAnyatayA prApta kArya kA puna: vizeSa sthiti meM vidhAna karanA jisase sAmAnyatayA prApta dUsarI vidhi kA niSedha ho jAya / yahA~ 'pari' zabda varjana (niSedha) artha vAlA hai tathA saMkhyA' zabda kA artha hai 'buddhi'| isa rUpa meM 'parisaMkhyA' kA zAbdika artha huA niSedhAtmikA buddhi / niSedhAtmikA buddhi athavA 'parisaMkhyA' ke janaka vidhi ko 'parisaMkhyA vidhi' kahA jAtA hai / 'parisaMkhyA vidhi' kA udAharaNa hai-- 'paMca paMcanakhA bhakSyAH' (pA~ca nakhavAle pA~ca prANI bhakSya haiN)| mAnava kI mAMsabhakSaNa kI sAmAnya pravRtti ke kAraNa svataH sabhI prakAra ke pazuoM kA mAMsa khAnA, laukika vyavahAra ke anusAra, vihita ho jAtA haicAhe vaha mAMsa kharagoza kA ho yA kutte Adi kaa| isa taraha sAmAnyatayA sabhI pA~ca nakhavAle prANiyoM ke bhakSaraNa kI prApti hone para 'pA~ca nakhavAle' parigaNita pA~ca-. godhA, kUrma, zazaka, zalyaka tathA khaDga-pazu hI bhakSya haiM' isa vizeSa vidhAna ke dvArA yaha niyamana kiyA gayA ki yadi pA~ca nakhavAle prANiyoM kA mAMsa khAnA hai to jisa kisI bhI pAMca nakha vAle prANI kA mA~sa nahIM khAnA cAhiye apitu, pAMca nakha vAle kevala uparyukta pA~ca prANiyoM kA hI mAMsa khAnA cAhiye / pA~ca nakha vAle ina prANiyoM kA saMgraha vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke nimna zloka meM kiyA gayA hai: ..... paMca paMcanakhA bhakSyAH brahmakSatreNa rAghava / zazaka: zalkakI godhA khaDgI, kUrmo'thapaMcamaH / (kiSkindhA kANDa 17.36) ___ manusmRti (5.18), yAjJavalkyasmRti (1 177) tathA vasiSThasmRti (14.36) meM bhI ina pA~ca prANiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 'parisaMkhyA' ke isa svarUpa ke sambandha meM arthasaMgraha (51) kA yaha aMza draSTavya hai --"ubhayozca yugapat prAptau itara vyAvRttiparo vidhiH 'parisaMkhyAvidhiH' / yathA-'paJca paJcanakhA bhakSyAH' iti / idaM hi vAkyaM na paMcanakhabhakSaNaparaM, tasya rAgata: prAptatvAt / nApi niyamaparaH-paMca paMcanakha-apaMcanakha-bhakSaraNasya yugapat prApte: pakSe'prAptyabhAvAt / ataH idam apaMca-paMcanakha-bhakSaNa-nivRttiparam, iti bhavati 'parisaGkhyAvidhiH" / For Private and Personal Use Only

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238 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta - parama- laghu-maMjUSA isa taraha 'parisakhyA' ke ina prayogoM meM bhI 'eva' ke prayoga ke binA hI niyama kI pratIti hotI hai jisase svataH prApta dUsarI 'vidhi' kA niSedha ho jAtA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrAlaGkArikA prapigamayatIti :- jisa parisaMkhyA' kI carcA Upara kI gaI usake alaMkRta prayogoM ko sAhityazAstra ke prAcAryoM (AlaMkArikoM) ne 'parisaGkhyA' alaMkAra kA nAma diyA haiN| AcArya mammaTa ne 'parisaMkhyA' alaMkAra kI nimna paribhASA dI hai : fife puSTam prapRSTaM vA kathitaM yat prakalpate / tAdRg zranyavyapohAya parisaMGkhyA tu sA smRtA // isa paribhASA ko spaSTa karate hue mammaTa ne likhA hai - " pramAraNAntarAvagatam grapi vastu zabdena pratipAditaM prayojanAntarAbhAvAt sadRzavastvantaravyavacchedAya yat paryavasyati sA bhavet parisaMkhyA" / saMbhavataH mammaTa kI ina paMktiyoM ke bhAva ko hI nAgeza ne yahA~ zrAlaMkArikoM ke nAma se uddhata kiyA hai / mammaTa kI ina paMktiyoM kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pramANAntara se jJAta vastu bhI jaba zabda se kaha dI jAtI hai to, usa kathana kA koI aura prayojana na hone ke kAraNa, vaha kathana apane sadRza dUsarI vastu kA vyAvartana karatA hai / kimAsevyaM pusAM savidhamanavadya' saritaH, kim ekAnte dhyeyaM caraNayugalaM kaustubhabhUtaH / kimArAdhyaM puraNayaM kimabhilaSaNIpaM ca karuNA, yadAsaktyA ceyaM niravadhi vimuktyai prabhavati / ( kAvyaprakAza 10.116) saMkSepa meM 'parisaMkhyA' alaMkAra kI paribhASA hai ki 'pUche jAne para athavA binA pUche hI yadi koI aisI bAta kahI jAya jisase tatsadRza anya kA vyAvartana athavA niSedha ho jAya vahA~ 'parisaMkhyA' alaMkAra mAnA jAtA hai| yaha kathana prazna pUrvaka athavA binA prazna ke bhI ho sakatA hai / isa rUpa yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai / kahIM anya artha kA niSedha pratIyamAna ( vyaGgya) hotA hai tathA kahIM vaha vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM hI hotA hai / isa rUpa meM 'parisaMkhyA' ke do aura prakAra ho jAte haiM / ina cAra prakAra ke parisaMkhyA meM se do prakAra ke udAharaNa nIce kAvya prakAra se diye jA rahe haiM jina meM anya arthA niSedha prItayamAna hotA hai kyoMki nAgeza ne 'svatulyAnyasya vyavacchedaM gamayati' kahakara saMbhavata: inhIM do prakAroM kA nirdeza yahA~ kiyA hai / pahalA udAhararaNa : For Private and Personal Use Only mAnavoM ko kisakA sevana karanA cAhiye ? gaGgA nadI ke uttama taTa kA ( hI sevana karanA cAhiye anya vyasana Adi kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhiye ) / ekAnta meM kisakA dhyAna karanA cAhiye ? viSNu ke caraNa yugaloM kA ( hI dhyAna karanA cahiye viSaya vAsanA Adi kA dhyAna nahIM karanA cAhiye ) / kisakA ArAdhana ( upArjana ) karanA cAhiye ? puNya kA (arjana karanA cAhiye, pApa kA arjana nahIM karanA cAhiye) / kisakI abhilASA karanI cAhiye ? dayA kI ( abhilASA karanI cAhiye, hiMsA Adi kI abhilASA nahIM karanI cAhiye) / ina saba ke sevana Adi se citta asIma Ananda prApti meM samartha hotA hai / yaha praznapUrvikA 'parisaMkhyA' kA udAharaNa hai /

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nipAtArtha nirNaya 236 dUsarA udAharaNa : kauTilyaM kacanicaye kara-caraNa-adharadaleSu rAgaste / kAThinyaM kucayugale taralatvaM nayanayorarvasati // he priye ? tumhAre kevala keza-samUha meM hI kuTilatA hai (hRdaya meM kuTilatA arthAt kapaTAcaraNa nahIM hai)| hAtha, paira tathA aoThoM meM rAga (lAlI) hai (anya puruSa viSayaka rAga arthAt anurAga nahIM hai) / donoM stanoM meM hI kaThoratA (dRr3hatA) hai (hadaya meM kaThoratA prarthAta nirdayatA nahIM hai) / A~khoM meM hI taralatA (caMcalatA) hai (mana meM taralatA arthAt asthiratA nahIM hai)| bhAgavate'pi....."anyeSu' iti zeSaH-bhAgavata purANa kA yaha zloka bhI 'parisaMkhyA' kA hI eka acchA udAharaNa hai| svataH mAnava kI prautsargika icchA hI use viSaya vAsanAoM kI aura AkRSTa karatI hai| isaliye ina kAryoM meM manuSya ko pravRtta karane ke liye kisI prakAra ke vidhi' vAkya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa rUpa meM sAmAnyatayA ina saba kAryoM meM svata: pravRtti hone para bhI vizeSa sthitiyoM meM ina kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA usase yaha niyama bana jAtA hai ki ina vihita paristhitiyoM meM hI ina maithuna Adi kA sevana karanA cAhiye anya samayoM tathA paristhitiyoM meM nhiiN|| yahA~ jina viziSTa paristhitiyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai ve haiM kevala RtukAla meM apanI dharmapraNItA patnI ke sAtha gamana, kevala yajJazeSa ke rUpa meM mAMsabhakSaNa, kevala sautrAmariNa yAga meM surApAna, ityAdi / kisI samaya yajJoM meM mAMsa tathA surA kI Ahuti dene kI paramparA cala par3I thI tathA zAstroM meM usakA vidhAna bhI kara diyA gayA thaa| Ahuti dene se avaziSTa mAMsa tathA surA kA bhakSaNa Rtvij Adi karate the| isa mAMsabhakSaNa tathA surApAna ko pApa nahIM samajhA jAtA thA / para inase atirikta avasaroM para mAMsabhakSaNa tathA surApAna ko pApa samajhA jAtA thaa| bhAgavatakAra ne 'vivAhayajJasurAgrahai;' pada se yaha batAyA ki maithuna, mAMsabhakSaNa tathA madyapAna jaise kAryoM meM sAmAnyatayA vyakti kI svata: pravRtti hotI hai usake liye vidhAna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| phira bhI zAstroM meM vizeSa avasaroM para ina kAryoM ko karane kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA vaha isa bAta kA niyAmaka hai ki kevala unhIM viziSTa avasaroM para ve ve kArya karane hai jinakA vidhAna zAstrakAro ne kiyA hai| anya avasaroM para ina kAryoM se vyakti ko nivRtta karanA ho ina vidhAnoM kA prayojana hai| isa prakAra ke vidhAyaka vAkyoM kA pAribhASika nAma 'parisaMkhyA' hai| [prasaMgata: 'vidhi', 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' ke lakSaNa aura zAstrIya udAharaNa] taduktam vidhiratyantam aprApte niyamaH pAkSike sati / tatra cAnyatra ca prApte parisaMkhyeti gIyate / / (tantravArtika 1.2.34) For Private and Personal Use Only

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240 vaiyAkaruNa-siddhAnta-parama laghu-maMjUSA "svargakAmo'zvamedhena yajeta" iti 'vidhiH' / kSutpratighAto yadyapi zazakAdimAMsaiH zvAdimAMsazca bhvti| tathApi zazakAdimAMsaireva kartavya iti parisaMkhyAyate "paJca paJca-nakhA bhakSyAH" itynen| nakhavidalana-avahananAbhyAM vIhenistuSIkaraNaM prAptam / tatra avahanena' nistuSIkaraNaM puNyajanakam iti "vrIhIn' avahanti' ityanena niyamyate / yadyapi 'parisaGa khyAyAM' 'niyame' ca--'svArthahAniH' 'prAptabAdhaH' 'parArthakalpanA' iti-doSatrayam / tathApi ananyagatyA svIkriyate iti vaddhAH / paJca paJca-nakhA: ityasya niyamatvena bhASye (mahA0, bhA0 1, pR0 36) vyavahRtatvAdanya-nivRtti-rUpa-phalena aikyAcca 'niyama'padena 'parisaMkhyA' api vyAkaraNe gRhyate iti saMkSepaH / iti nipAtArtha-nirNayaH isa viSaya meM (kumArila bhaTTa ne) kahA hai- "(vidhAna kI) sarvathA aprApti meM 'vidhi' (eka) pakSa meM prApti hone (tathA eka pakSa meM prApti na hone) para 'niyama' tathA usa (prabhoSTa) se anya meM bhI vidhAna kI prApti hone para 'parisaMkhyA' kahI jAtI hai"| ___ "svargakAmo'zvamedhena yajeta' (svargAbhilASI vyakti azvamedha se yajana kare) yaha 'vidhi' (vAkya) hai / kSudhA ko nivRtti to yadyapi kharahe Adi ke mAMsa tathA kutte Adi ke mAMsa se bhI ho sakatI hai phira bhI "paJca paJca-nakhA bhakSyAH" (pA~ca nakhavAle pA~ca hI jAnavara khAne cAhiye) isa vAkya se kharahe prAdi (pAMca paJca-nakha vAloM) ke mAMsa se hI (bhUkha kI nivRtti) karanI cAhiye -- isa taraha 'parisaMkhyAna' (parigaNana) kara diyA jAtA hai / nakhoM ke dvArA vidalana karake athavA mUsala se kUTa karake (ina donoM hI upAyoM se) dhAna kI bhUsI haTAyI jA sakatI hai / una (donoM upAyoM) meM "brIhIna avahanti" (dhAnoM ko kUTatA hai) isa vAkya se (mUsala ke) avaghAta (coTa) dvArA bhUsI kA haTAnA puNyajanaka hai' yaha 'niyama' kiyA jAtA hai / yadyapi 'parisaMkhyA' tathA 'niyama' (ke sthaloM) meM apane (vAcya) artha kA parityAga, (svabhAvataH) prApta kA bAdha tathA parArtha athavA lakSyArtha kI 1. ha. meM isake bAda 'vrIhe.' pATha adhika hai| 2. ha.-dhAnyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nipAtArtha-nirNaya 241 kalpanA ye tIna doSa (upasthita hote) haiN| phira bhI kisI aura upAya ke na hone ke kAraNa (ina donoM ko) mAna liyA jAtA hai-aisA vRddha loga kahate hai| "paJca paJcanakhA bhakSyAH" isa (vAkya) ke 'niyama' rUpa se bhASya meM vyavahUta hone ke kAraNa tathA ('niyama' aura 'parisaMkhyA' donoM meM) anya ke nivAraNarUpa prayojana ke eka hone ke kAraNa 'niyama' zabda ke dvArA 'parisaMkhyA' kA bhI grahaNa vyAkaraNa meM kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMkSepa (se 'nipAtoM ke viSaya meM vivecana) hai| vidhiratyantam aprApte""parisaMkhyA' vidhIyate-isa kArikA meM 'vidhi','niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' inakI paribhASAyeM saMkSepa meM dI gayI haiM / 'vidhi' una vidhAna vAkyoM ko kahate haiM jo aisI bAtoM kA vidhAna karate haiM jinakA pahale kisI vAkya se vidhAna kiyA gayA ho| isIliye, vidhAna kI pahale se sarvathA aprApti hone ke kAraNa, 'vidhi' ko vastutaH 'apUrva vidhi' kahA jAtA hai / 'vidhi' kA udAharaNa hai - "svargakAmo azvamedhena yajeta", kyoMki azvamedha yAga karane kA vidhAna isa vAkya se pahale kisI anya vAkya dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA / 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' ke svarupa kA vivecana tathA udAharaNa kA pradarzana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| yahAM 'niyama' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'vrIhIna avahanti' isa vAkya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / dhAnoM kI bhUsI ko alaga karane ko nistuSIkaraNa kahA jAtA hai| yaha nistuSIkaraNa do upAyoM se ho sakatA hai nakhoM se dhAnoM ko tor3akara athavA musala dvArA kUTakara / 'musala dvArA dhAnoM ko kUTanA' isa upAya kI pAkSika prApti svataH hai / isa pAkSika prApti ke hone para bhI, nakha-vidalana dvArA nistuSIkaraNa ke pakSa meM musalAvaghAta kI aprApti hai| isa prakAra pAkSika aprApti meM 'vrIhIna avahanti' yaha vAkya niyama karatA hai ki musalAvaghAta se hI dhAna kI bhUsiyoM ko alaga karanA cAhiye -vahI puNya janaka hai| ___ yadyapi 'parisaMkhyAyAM' 'niyame ca "vRddhAH -- 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' ke vAkyoM meM niyamana kI sthiti lagabhaga samAna hai isaliye donoM meM hI tIna prakAra ke doSa upasthita hote haiN| pahalA doSa (svArtha kI hAni) yaha hai ki inameM vAkya ko apane vAcyArtha kA parityAga karanA par3atA hai| jaise "brIhIn avahanti" isa 'niyama' vAkya meM vAcyArtha (dhAnoM ko kUTatA hai) ko chor3anA par3atA hai, usakA parityAga karanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra 'parisaMkhyA' ke vAkya--paMca "paJca-nakhA bhakSyAH' meM 'pAMca pAMca-nakha vAle bhakSya haiM' isa vAcyArtha kA parityAga karanA par3atA hai| dUsarA doSa (prApta kA bAdha) yaha hai ki prApta artha kA bAdha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai / jaise---"vrIhIna avahanti" meM, puroDAzavidhAyaka vAkya se prApta, nakhoM se bhUsI ko alaga karane rUpa artha kI bAdhA hotI hai| isI prakAra 'paMca paMcanakhA bhakSyAH' isa vAkya meM bhI svata: prApta kutte Adi ke mAMsa-bhakSaNa rUpa artha kI bAdhA hotI hai| tIsarA doSa (parArtha kI kalpanA) yaha hai ki ina 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' ke vAkyoM meM eka dUsare artha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / jaise- "vrIhIna avahanti" isa 'niyama'-vAkya For Private and Personal Use Only

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242 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA meM 'nakhoM se dhAnoM kI bhUsI ko alaga na kare' isa 'lakSya' artha, athavA, 'artha janya' eka anya artha, kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai| 'parisaMkhyA' ke vAkya meM bhI 'parigaNita pAMca se itara paJcanakha vAle jAnavaroM ko nahIM khAnA cAhiye' isa anya artha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / ina tInoM doSoM kA saMkalana, 'parisaMkhyA-viSayaka, nimna zloka meM kiyA gayA hai: zrutArthasya parityAgAd azru tArtha-prakalpanAt / prApta sya bAdhAd ityevaM parisaMkhyA tridUSaNA / (arthasaMgraha 53 meM uddhata) parantu ina tInoM doSoM ke hote hue bhI 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' kI kalpanA ko isaliye svIkAra kiyA gayA ki yadi inheM na mAnA gayA hotA to, dusare pramANoM yA vAkyoM se aniSTa vidhi ke prApta hone ke kAraNa, 'parisaMkhyA' tathA 'niyama' vAle aneka vAkya vyartha ho jAte / isa kAraNa brAhmaNa Adi granthoM ke aneka vAkyoM ke nirarthaka ho jAne rUpa mahAn doSa ke nivAraNa ke liye 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' kI kalpanA kI gayI-aisA mImAMsA ke viziSTa prAcAryoM kA kahanA hai / __ paMca paMcanakhA:.."vyAkaraNe gRhyate-mImAMsA ke prAcAryoM ne 'parisaMkhyA' tathA 'niyama' ina donoM niyAmaka vidhiyoM kA alaga alaga svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai tathA unakI bhinna bhinna paribhASAyeM dI haiN| 'vidhi' kI pAkSika prApti meM jo vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai-vaha niyama vidhi' hai| 'sAmAnya' tathA 'vizeSa' donoM rUpoM meM 'bidhi' kI prApti hone para kevala vizeSa meM jo vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'parisaMkhyA vidhi' hai| isa prakAra parisaMkhyA' meM eka sAtha donoM 'vidhiyAM' sambhava hai| jaise-yahIM donoM prakAra ke 'pAMca nakha vAle pAMca prANiyoM ke mAMsoM tathA unase itara prANiyoM ke mAMsoM kA bhakSaNa sambhava hai / parantu 'niyamavidhi' meM donoM vidhiyAM eka sAtha sambhava nahIM hai / jaise---sama tathA viSama donoM prakAra ke sthaloM meM eka sAtha yajJa sambhava nahIM hai| para isa bheda ke hote hue bhI vyAkaraNa ke vidvAnoM ne 'niyama' tathA 'parisaMkhyA' donoM ko, anya nivRtirUpa prayojana kI ekatA ke kAraNa, eka mAnA hai, yA 'niyama' meM 'parisaMkhyA' kA bhI samAveza mAna liyA hai / isIliye mahAbhASya ke prathama prAhi naka (paspazAhi naka pR0 40) meM 'parisaMkhyA ke udAharaNabhUta vAkya ko prastuta karate hue bhI 'parisaMkhyA' kA nAma na lekara 'niyama' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dra0-"bhakSya-niyamena abhakSya-pratiSedho gmyte| abhakSya-pratiSedhena vA bhkssy-niymH"| nAgeza bhaTTa ne apanI uddyota TIkA meM isa prasaGga ko nimna zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai"nanu asya parisaMkhyAtvAt kathaM niyamatvena vyavahAra: ? asti ca niyamaparisaMkhyayor bhedaH / pAkSikAprAptAMzaparipUraNaphalo niyamaH, anyanivRttiphalA ca parisaGakhyA, iti cenna / niyame'pyaprAptAMzaparipUraNarUpa-phala-bodhana-dvArA arthAdanya-nivatteH sattvena abhedam prAzrityokta:" (mahA0, uddyota TIkA, bhA0 1, pR0 40) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNayaH ['lakAroM' ke sthAna para vihita 'prAdeza'bhUta 'tiG' kI arthavAcakatA ke viSaya meM vicAra] yadyapi lakArANam evArtha-nirUpaNaM tAkikaiH kRtam, tathApi 'uccArita eva zabdo arthapratyAyako nAnuccAritaH" iti bhASyAt' loke tathaivAnubhavAcca tadAdezatiGAma artho nirUpyate / "vartamAne laT" (pA0 3.2.123) ityAdi-vidhAyaka-"laHkarmaNi." (pA0 3.4.69) iti zakti-grAhaka-sUtrANAm, prAdezArthaM sthAninyAropya, pravRttiH / yadyapi naiyAyikoM ne ('laTa' Adi) 'lakAroM' kA hI artha nirdeza kiyA hai (unake 'prAdeza'-bhUta 'tib' Adi kA nahIM) phira bhI uccArita zabda hI artha kA bodhaka hotA hai anuccArita (zabda) nahIM" isa bhASya (ke vAkya) se tathA vyavahAra meM usI prakAra kA anubhava hone se una ('lakAroM') ke 'Adeza'bhUta 'tiba' Adi kA (yahA~) artha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / "vartamAne laT" ityAdi ('lakAroM' kA vizeSa kAla meM) vidhAna karane vAle (sUtroM) tathA 'lakAroM' kA artha batAne vAle "la: karmaNi." Adi sUtroM kI racanA, 'Adeza' ('tib' Adi) ke artha kA 'sthAnI' (lakAroM') meM 'Aropa' karake, kI gaI hai| lakArANAm ..""kRtam naiyAyika vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki 'kartA', 'karma' Adi 'pAkhyAtArtha' ke vAcaka 'lakAra' haiM, 'lakAra' ke sthAna para 'Adeza' ke rUpa meM Ane vAle, "tiba' Adi pratyaya nhiiN| yadi 'tib' Adi 'prAdezoM ko 'kartA', 'karma' Adi arthoM kA vAcaka mAnA gayA to, inake aneka hone ke kAraNa, ananta vAcakatA 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA karanI par3egI jisameM anAvazyaka gaurava (vicAra) hogA / isake atirikta yadi 'tiba' Adi AdezoM ko vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to 'edhAJcakre ityAdi prayogoM meM, jahAM ina 'prAdezoM' kA 'luka' ho jAtA hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM abhAvarUpatA rahatI hai vahAM, abhISTa artha kI pratIti nahIM honI cAhiye-yaha doSa upasthita hotA hai| isalie ina 'prAdezoM' ke 'sthAnI' 'lakAroM' ko hI artha kA vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye / lakAroM kI jAtirUpatA ke AdhAra para unake eka hone ke kAraNa unheM vAcaka mAnane meM eka hI 1. tulanA karo-mahA0 1.1.68; uccAryamANa: zabda: sampratyAyako bhavati na sampratIyamAnaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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244 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-ladhu-maMjUSA 'zakti' kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai-ataH isa pakSa meM lAghava hai| isake atirikta prAcArya pANini ke "laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH' ityAdi sUtra bhI lakAroM kI vAcakatA kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM kyoMki una abhISTa arthoM meM 'lakAroM' kA vidhAna pAriNani ne ina sUtroM dvArA kiyA hai| jisa prakAra pANini ne apane sUtroM meM 'lakAroM' ke arthoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai usa prakAra tib' Adi 'AdezoM' kA nhiiN| parantu vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn naiyAyikoM ke isa vicAra se sahamata nahIM haiN| ve 'tib' Adi 'AdezoM' ko hI artha kA bAcaka mAnate haiM / nAgeza bhaTTa ne yahA~ naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ke viparIta do yuktiyoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| pahalI yukti yaha hai ki bhASyakAra pataMjali ne uccArita zabda ko hI artha kA vodhaka mAnA hai anuccArita ko nahIM / AkhyAta ke prayogoM meM 'tiba' Adi 'AdezoM' kA hI uccAraNa hotA hai 'lakAroM' kA nahIM isaliye pataMjati ke kathana ke anusAra 'Adeza' 'tib' Adi ko vAcaka mAnanA caahiye| dUsarI yukti yaha hai ki loka meM-bhASA ke laukika vyavahAra meM -vaktA tathA zrotA donoM ko 'tib' Adi 'AdezoM' se artha kA jJAna hotA hai, 'lakAroM' se nahIM / vastutaH anubhava kI bAta ko hI pataMjali ne apane kathana meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa prakAra anubhava tathA prAcArya pataMjali ke prAmANika kathana ke AdhAra para 'tib' Adi 'AdezoM kI pAcakatA hI siddha hotI hai, 'lakAroM' kI nhiiN| bhaTToji dIkSita ne apanI kArikAoM meM naiyAyikoM ke uparyukta siddhAnta kA aneka yuktiyoM dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai jinakI vistRta vyAkhyA kauNDabhaTTa ke vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra (pR0 462-72) meM draSTavya hai| prAdezArtha sthAninyAropya pravRtti:--parantu vaiyAkaraNasammata-'prAdezoM' kI vAcakatA-pakSa meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi 'lakAra' artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiM to phira pANini ne "vartamAne laT" tathA "la: karmaNi" ityAdi sUtroM ke dvArA una una viziSTa arthoM ke vAcaka ke rUpa meM lakAroM kA vidhAna kyoM kiyA ? isa kA uttara yaha hai ki 'tiba' Adi AdezoM meM jo artha kI vAcakatA hai usakA, kevala zAstrIya prakriyA ke nirvAha ke lie, 'sthAnI' ke rUpa meM kalpita 'lakAroM' meM aAropa kara liyA jAtA hai / isa Aropa kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI pANini ne "vartamAne laT" Adi sUtroM kI racanA kI, 'lakAroM' ko vastutaH artha kA vAcaka mAna kara nhiiN| ['lAdeza mAtra ke artha tathA unakA paraspara anvaya] tatra saMkhyAvizeSa-kAlavizeSa-kArakavizeSa-bhAvAH lAdezamAtrasya arthAH / tathAhi laDAdezasya vartamAnakAlaH, 'zab' aAdi-samabhivyAhAre kartA, yak ciNa-samabhivyAhAre For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 241 bhAvakarmaNI, ubhaya-samabhivyAhAre ekatvAdi-saMkhyA cArthaH / tad Ahaphala-vyApArayostatra phale taG-yaka -ciraNAdaya: / vyApAre zap'-znamAdyAstu dyotayantyAzrayAnvayam / / (vabhUsA0-dhAtvAkhyAtArtha-nirNaya, kArikA saM0 3) phala-vyApArau tu dhAtvarthoM ityuktam eva / tatra tiGa . "samabhivyAhAre tad-artha-saMkhyA tad-artha kArake vizeSaNam / kAlastu vyApAre / tadAhaphala-vyApArayordhAturAtraye tu tiGaH smRtAH / phale pradhAnaM vyApArastiGarthastu vizeSaraNam / / (vaibhUsA0, dhAtvAkhyAtArthanirNaya, kArikA saM0 2) tiGarthaH kartA vyApAre, karma ca phale vizeSaNam / "kriyA-pradhAnam aAkhyAtam" iti yA skoktau 'kriyA'padaM karaNa-vyutpattyA vyApAraparam, karma-vyutpattyA phalaparam-iti bodhyam / tathA ca 'grAmaM gacchati caitraH' ityatra "ekatvAvacchinna-caitrAbhinna-kartRko vartamAnakAliko grAmAbhinnakarmaniSTho yassaMyogastadanukUlo vyApAraH", 'grAmo gamyate maitreNa' ityatra tu "maitrakartRkavartamAnakA likavyApArajanyo grAmAbhinna-karmaniSThaH saMyogaH" iti bodhaH / isa prasaMga meM ('ekatva' Adi) saMkhyA vizeSa, ('vartamAna' Adi) kAla vizeSa, 'kAraka' vizeSa ('kartA' yA 'karma') tathA bhAva (zuddha dhAtvartha) sabhI lAdezoM ('tiG' pratyayoM) ke artha haiN| jaise-'laT' ke 'Adeza' (liGa') kA 'vartamAna' kAla, 'zap' Adi ke sAtha 'kartA' ('kAraka'), 'yak' tathA 'ciNa' pratyaya kI samIpatA meM 'bhAva' aura 'karma' tathA donoM ('zapa' Adi aura 'yaka' 1. ha0-bhAvakarma / nisa0-bhAvakarmaNi / 2. ha.-cArtha iti / 3. ha. tathA vaMmi0-namzabAdyAstu / 4. ha. meM 'samabhivyAhAre tat' yaha aMza anupalabdha hai| 5. ha.-vizeSaNam iti / 6. nirukta 1.1; bhAvapradhAnam AkhyAtam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA tathA 'ciNa' pratyayoM) kI samIpatA meM (samAna rUpa se) 'ekatva' Adi 'saMkhyA' artha haiM / isa (bAta) ko (bhaTaToji dIkSita ne) kahA hai__"una 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' (rUpa dhAtvartha) meM, 'phala' meM Azraya ('karma') ke anvaya kA dyotana 'taG', 'yak' tathA 'ciNa' Adi pratyaya karate haiM / 'zap' 'znam' Adi (pratyaya) to 'vyApAra' meM Azraya ('kartA') ke anvaya kA dyotana karate haiN"| ___'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' dhAtu ke artha haiM yaha kahA hI gayA hai / unameM 'tiGa kI samIpatA meM usa ('tiGa) kA artha 'saGakhyA', usa ('tiG') ke (hI) artha, 'kAraka' meM vizeSaNa hai / isa (bAta) ko (dIkSita ne) kahA hai ___ "dhAtu' ko 'phala' evaM 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai tathA 'tiGa' ko (ina donoM ke) Azraya ('kartA' yA 'karma') kA / 'phala' ke prati 'vyApAra' pradhAna hotA hai aura tiGa ke artha ('kartA', 'karma', 'saMkhyA', 'kAla' aura 'bhAva') to vizeSaNa hote haiN"| "pAkhyAta (ke artha) meM 'kriyA' kI pradhAnatA hotI hai" yAska ke isa kathana meM 'kriyA' zabda 'karaNa'-vyutpatti ('kriyate anayA iti kriyA') ke dvArA 'vyApAra' artha kA bodhaka hai tathA 'karma'-vyutpatti ('kriyate yat sA kriyA') ke dvArA 'phala' artha kA (bodhaka hai)- yaha jAnanA caahiye| isa taraha (kartRvAcya meM) 'grAmaM gacchati caitraH (caitra gAMva jAtA hai) isa (vAkya) meM "ekatva' (saMkhyA) se yukta' caitra hai 'kartA' jisameM aisA, 'vartamAna kAla' meM hone vAlA, tathA grAma rUpa 'karma' meM sthita jo 'saMyoga' usake anukUla hone vAlA 'vyApAra' (yaha bodha hotA hai) tathA 'grAmo gamyate maitreNa' (maitra ke dvArA gAMva jAyA jAtA hai) isa (karmavAcya ke prayoga) meM "maitra hai 'kartA' jisameM aise, 'vartamAnakAla' meM hone vAle, 'vyApAra' se utpanna, 'grAma' rUpa 'karma' meM sthita, 'saMyoga' (rUpa 'phala') yaha jJAna hotA hai| tatra saMkhyAvizeSa' 'saMkhyA cArthaH-sabhI lAdeza sAmAnyatayA 'saMkhyA-vizeSa, 'kAla'-vizeSa aura 'kartA' tathA 'karma' meM se kisI na kisI eka 'kAraka' athavA kahIM kaha kevala bhAva, arthAt zuddha 'dhAtvartha', ko kahate haiM / 'zap', 'znam' Adi pratyayoM kI samIpatA meM 'lAdeza' kA artha 'kartA' kAraka hotA hai tathA 'yak' ke sAtha Aye hue 'taG' Adi kI sannidhi meM 'lAdeza' kA artha 'karma' athavA 'bhAva' hotA hai| apane isa pratipAdana ke poSaNa ke liye Upara nAgeza ne dIkSita kI kArikA ko uddhata kiyaa| phalavyApArayostatra prAzrayAnvayam :-dIkSita kI isa kArikA kI sarala vyAkhyA yaha hai ki 'parasmaipadI' dhAtuoM se vihita 'tiGa' pratyaya, "sArvadhAtuke yak" (pA0 3.1.67) se vihita 'yak' pratyaya tathA "ciNa bhAvakamaNoH" (pA0 3.1.66) se vihita 'ciNa' pratyaya kI upasthita meM 'lAdeza' kA anvaya 'phala' ke prAzraya ('kama') meM hotA For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaza - lakArAdezArtha nirNaya 247 hai, arthAt ina pratyayoM kI samIpatA meM 'lAdeza' 'karma' kAraka kA vAcaka hotA hai tathA ye pratyaya 'lAdeza' kI isa vAcakatA ke dyotaka hote haiM / isake viparIta ' zap', 'inam' dipratyayoM kI upasthiti meM 'lAdeza' kA anvaya 'vyApAra' ke zrAzraya 'kartA' meM hotA hai, arthAt ina pratyayoM kI sannidhi meM 'lAdeza' 'kartA' kAraka kA vAcaka hotA hai tathA pratyaya isa bAta kA dyotana karate haiM / tatra tisamabhivyAhAre "kAlastu vyApAre :- yahAM 'lAdeza' ( tiG) ke jo aneka arthakAlavizeSa, kArakavizeSa, ityAdi kahe gaye haiM unameM paraspara saMgati yA vizeSya vizeSaraNabhAva kA anvaya isa prakAra mAnA gayA hai ki 'saGkhyA' 'kArakoM' ('kartA' yA 'karma) ke prati vizeSaraNa hotI hai tathA 'kAla' dhAtvarthabhUta 'vyApAra' ke prati / isa vyavasthA kI puSTi meM nAgeza ne puna: dIkSata kI kArikA uddhRta kI hai / "phale pradhAnaM vyApAraH " -- kArikA ke tRtIya caraNa meM yaha prAzaya vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki 'phala' ke prati 'vyApAra' pradhAna ( 'vizeSya' ) hai tathA 'phala' usakA 'vizeSaNa' hai / 'grAmaM gacchati caitra:' jaise kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM " grAma rUpa 'karma' meM rahane vAle 'uttara deza- saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla, tathA 'ekatva saMGakhyA' se yukta caitra hai 'kartA' jisameM aisA, vartamAnakAlika 'vyApAra " isa rUpa meM 'vyApAra' - pradhAna zAbdabodha hotA hai / isI taraha 'grAmo gamyate caitreNa' jaise karma - vAcya ke prayogoM meM bhI 'caitra rUpa 'kartA' se utpanna vartamAnakAlika, 'ekatva' saGakhyA se yukta, tathA grAma rUpa 'karma' meM vidyamAna jo saMyoga rUpa 'phala' usake anukUla hone vAlA, "vyApAra" yaha bodha hotA hai / yahA~ bhI 'vyApAra' pradhAna ho zAbdabodha hai / kucha vidvAn kartRvAcya kI dRSTi se "phale pradhAnaM vyApAraH," tayA karmavAcya ke prayogoM kI dRSTi se "phale'pradhAnaM vyApAraH" pATha mAna kara apane navIna mata kA pratipAdana kara lete haiM / isI mata ko nAgeza ne bhI mAnA hai tathA yAska ke vacana meM 'bhAva' ke sthAna para 'kriyA' pada rakha kara tathA usakI dvividha vyutpatti karake usakI puSTi bhI kI hai / tiGarthastu vizeSaNam : - 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ina donoM ke prati tiGartha - 'kartA', 'karma', 'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAla' - ' vizeSaraNa' hote haiM / inameM bhI 'kartA' tathA 'karma' kramazaH 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' ke 'vizeSaNa' haiM / 'tiGartha' rUpa 'kartA' 'vyApAra' kA 'AdhArAdheyabhAva' se 'vizeSaNa' hai / zrAdhAra hai 'kartA' tathA Adheya hai 'vyApAra' kyoMki 'pacati' Adi kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM kartRniSTha 'vyApAra' kA bodha hotA hai / isI taraha tiGartha rUpa 'karma' 'phala' kA 'vizeSaNa' hai| yahAM bhI AdhAra prAdheya sambandha se hI vizeSya-vizeSaraNa bhAva mAnanA caahie| 'karma' AdhAra hai tathA 'phala' prAya hai kyoMki 'pacyate' Adi karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM taNDula meM grAzrita viklRtti kA bodha hotA hai / grAmaM gacchati caMtra: - 'grAmaM gacchati caitra:' jaise kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM jo zAbda bodha hotA hai usameM 'vyApAra' kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai zraura 'kriyate yayA sA kriyA' isa ('karaNa' kAraka vAlI) vyutpatti ke anusAra 'kriyA' zabda kA artha hai 'vyApAra' | isa prakAra 'grAmaM gacchati caitraH' prayoga se - " ekatva saMkhyA se viziSTa caitra jisakA For Private and Personal Use Only

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248 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kartA hai, jo vartamAnakAlika hai tathA jo 'grAma' rUpa karma meM hone vAle 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla hai aisA 'vyApAra"--yaha zAbda bodha hotA hai| prAmo gamyate maitreNa-karmavAcya ke 'grAmo gamyate maitreNa jaise prayogoM meM zAbda bodha meM phala kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / isa dRSTi se, "kriyate yat sA kiyA' isa ('karma' kAraka vAlI) vyutpatti ke anusAra 'kriyA' zabda kA artha 'phala' mAnA gayA / yahA~ "maMtra hai 'kartA' jisakA tathA jo vartamAnakAlika hai aise 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA aura 'ekatva' saMkhyA se viziSTa jo grAma rUpa 'karma' usa meM rahane vAlA saMyoga rUpa 'phala' yaha zAbda bodha hotA hai| [vartamAna kAla kI paribhASA] vartamAnakAlatvaM ca prArabdhAparisamAptakriyopalakSita tvam / vartamAnakAlatA (kI paribhASA) hai prArambha kI gayI, aparisamApta, kriyA se upalakSita honaa| 'vartamAna' Adi zabda kAla se sambaddha haiM, kAlagata haiN| ataH usakI paribhASA kAla se sambaddha hI ho sakatI hai, pRthak nhiiN| isalie vaha kAla, jo eka aisI kriyA' kA prAzraya hai jo prArambha to kiyA gayA para sarvathA samApta nahIM huA, 'vartamAna' kAla hai / 'kriyA' se upalakSita honA, arthAt 'kriyA' kA Azraya bnnaa| isa kAla ke madhya meM hone vAlI 'pacana' Adi mukhya kriyAoM kI kisI bhI avayavabhUta kriyA ke liye 'pacati' Adi 'laDanta' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| koNDabhaTTa ne 'vartamAna' kAla kI dUsarI paribhASA dI hai "bhUtabhaviSyadbhinnatvaM vartamAnatvam", arthAta 'bhUta'kAla tathA 'bhaviSyat' kAla se bhinna kAla 'vartamAna' kAla hai| kAla ke tIna hI bheda haiM isaliye do se bhinna karake tIsare ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| _ 'pAtmA asti' (prAtmA hai), 'parvatAH santi' (parvata haiM) jaise prayogoM meM 'AtmA' Adi ke nitya hone ke kAraNa AtmaghAraNAnukUla 'vyApAra' Adi ko nitya mAnanA hogA / ataH ina prayogoM meM 'kriyA' ke prArambha na hone se vartamAna kAla kA uparyukta lakSaNa ghaTita na ho skegaa| isa avyApti doSa kA nirAkaraNa yaha kaha kara diyA gayA ki AtmA ke nitya evaM utpatti-rahita hone para bhI usake pAzraya yA 'upAdhi'bhUta zarIra kI utpatti Adi dharmoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa zarIraviziSTa prAtmA kI utpatti Adi kI kalpanA karake 'pAtmA asti' meM 'vartamAnatA' kI upapatti ho jAtI hai / 'parvatAH santi' meM bhI yadyapi parvata Adi kA AtmaghAraNAnukUla 'vyApAra' nitya hai tathA utpatti Adi dharmoM se rahita hai| parantu bhinna bhinna kAloM meM hone vAle rAjA Adi kI kriyA ke utpatti Adi guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa una kriyAoM se viziSTa parvatoM kA AtmadhAraNAnukUla 'vyApAra' utpatti prAdi se yukta hai| isa taraha yahAM bhI For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 243 'vartamAna-kAlatA' upapanna ho jAtI hai| isa viSaya meM mahA0 (3.2.123) tathA vApa0 (kAla samuddeza 80) meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ['liT' ke 'prAdeza' bhUta 'tiG' kA artha] liTtiGa stu bhUtAnadyatanakAla: parokSatvaM cAdhiko'rthaH / zeSaM laDvat / parokSatvaM ca kArake vizeSaNaM na tu kriyAyAM tasyA atIndriyatvena "liT" ("parokSe liT") (3.2.115) sUtre bhASye pratipAdanAt vyabhicArAbhAvAt / 'liT' (ke sthAna para Ane vAle) tiGa' kA 'anadyatana bhUtakAla' tathA parokSatva' artha adhika hai| zeSa ('kAraka' tathA 'saMkhyA') 'laT' (ke AdezabhUta 'tiG') ke samAna haiN| 'parokSatva' vizeSaraNa kArakoM' se sambaddha hotA hai 'kriyA' se nahIM kyoMki "parokSe liT" (3.2.115) sUtra ke bhASya meM 'kriyA' ko atIndriyatA kA pratipAdana kiye jAne ke kAraNa, usameM ('parokSatA' kA kabhI bhI) abhAva nahIM hai| bhUtAnadyatanakAla:-'adyatana' tathA 'ana dyatana' bheda se kAla do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| ye donoM hI bheda 'bhUta' tathA 'bhaviSyat' donoM kAloM ke haiM.---'adyatana bhUta', 'adyatana bhUta' tathA 'ana dyatana bhaviSyat', 'anadyatana' bhaviSyat' / sAmAnyatayA Aja ke samaya ko 'adyatana' (adya bhavo adyatanaH) tathA usase bhinna kAla ko 'anadyatana' kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu 'adyatana' aura 'anadyatana' kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| kucha vidvAn bItI huI rAtri ke pichale Adhe samaya se lekara pAne vAlI rAtri ke pahale grAbe samaya taka, arthAt bItI rAtri ke 12 baje se lekara AgAmI rAtri ke 12 baje taka 'adyatana' tathA usase atirikta kAla ko 'anadyatana' mAnate haiN| dra0 -- "atItAyAH rAtreH pazcArthena aAgAminyAH pUrvArdhena ca sahito divaso' dyatanaH" (sikau0 1.2.57) / dUsare vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki bItI rAtri ke antima tIsare yA cauthe bhAga se lekara Ane vAlI rAtri ke prathama tIna yA cAra bhAga taka ke sAtha pUrA dina, arthAt vItI rAtri ke lagabhaga 3 yA 4 baje prAtaH se lekara AgAmI rAtri ke 6 baje rAtri taka kA samaya 'padyatana' hai tathA usase bhinna 'anadyatana' / dra0-ekasyA rAtrezcaturtho yAmo divasazca sarvo dvitIyAyAzca rAtreH prathamo yAmo'dyatana ityAhuH" (mahAbhASya pradIpa TIkA 3.2.110) / nAgeza ko bhI 'adyatana' kI yahI paribhASA abhISTa hai yaha unakI isI prasaMga kI paMkti -- "bhUtAnadyatanatvaM ca adyatanASTapraharIvyatiriktatve sati bhUtatvam" se spaSTa hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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250 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA parokSatvaM ca vyabhicArAbhAvAt -- yahA~ yaha vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki 'parokSa' vizeSaNa kA sambandha kisake sAtha mAnA jAya ? yadi use kiyA kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAtA hai to vaha anAvazyaka hai kyoMki kriyA to sadA hI 'parokSa' hotI hai--kabhI bhI vaha pratyakSa nahIM hotii| dra0 --- "kriyA nAma iyam atyantAparidRSTA anumAnagamyA azakyA piNDIbhUtA nidarzayitum / yathA garbho'nila ThitaH' (mahA0 1.3.1 tathA 3.2.115) / bhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI 'parokSe liT' sUtra para isa prazna ko uThAyA hai tathA yaha nirNaya diyA hai ki 'parokSa' vizeSaNa 'sAdhanoM' kA hai / pataMjali ke isa nirNaya ko hI nAgeza ne yahA~ apane zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| kauNDabhaTTa ke nimna zabda bhI yahAM tulanA ke liye draSTavya hai :- 'vyApArAviSTAnAM kriyAnukUla-sAdhanAnAm eva atra pArokSyaM vivakSitam" (vabhUsA0 pR0 153) / ['kR', 'bhU' Adi ke anuprayoga ke sthaloM meM 'kR' 'bhU', prAdi dhAtuoM tathA 'pAm' pratyaya ke artha kA nirNaya aura unake pArasparika anvaya kA spaSTIkaraNa] kRbhvAdyanuprayogasthale kRbhvasAM kriyAsAmAnyam arthaH / aAmprakRtestu tattatkriyAvizeSaH / samAnyavizeSayorabhedAnvayaH / akarmakaprakRtika-grAmantaprayukta-kRbhvasAm zramikaiva kriyA / vastutastu anuprayuktAnAM kRbhvasAM phalazUnyakriyAvAcakatvameva / sakarmakA'karmakatva vyavahArastu aAmprakRtibhUtadhAtoreveti niSkarSaH / evaJca 'edhAJcakre caitraH' ityatra "ekatvAvacchinnaparokSatvAvacchinnacaitrakarta kA bhUtAnadyatanakAlAdhikaraNikA vRddhabhinnA kriyA" iti bodhaH / parokSatvaM ca sAkSAtkRtam ityetAdRzaviSayatAzAlijJAnAviSayatvam / bhUtAnadyatanatvaM ca adyatanASTapraharIvyatiriktatve sati bhUtatvam / 'ka' 'bhU' Adi ('as) ke 'anuprayoga' ke sthaloM ('edhAJcakra', edhAmbabhUva', 'edhAmAsa') meM 'kR', 'bhU', 'as' dhAtuoM kA kriyAsAmAnya artha hI hai| 'grAm' pratyaya kI prakRti (edh' Adi dhAtuoM) kA to artha ve ve viziSTa kriyAe~' haiM (jinake vAcaka ve ve dhAtu haiM jinase 'pAm, pratyaya pAyA hai)| (ina) sAmAnya tathA vizeSa (arthoM) kA (paraspara) abhedAnvaya hotA hai| 'akamaka prakRti' (dhAtu) vAle 'Am' pratyayAnta' ke sAtha 'anuprayukta' 'ka', 'bhU', 'as' (dhAtuoM) kI (vAcyArtha bhUtA) 'kriyA' bhI 'akarmaka' hI hotI hai / vAstavikatA 1. ha.-sakarmakatvAkarmakatva For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 251 to yaha hai ki 'anuprayukta' 'kR', 'bhU', as dhAtue~ 'phala'rahita kriyA-sAmAnya (kevala 'vyApAra') ke hI vAcaka haiN| 'sakarmakatA' tathA 'akarmakatA' kA vyavahAra to 'Am' (pratyaya) kI 'prakRti' ('e' Adi dhAtuoM) ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai -- yaha niSkarSa hai| aura isa prakAra 'edhAJcakre caitraH' (caitra vaddhi ko prApta huA) isa prayoga meM "ekatva saMkhyA' se yukta tathA 'parokSatA' se viziSTa caitra hai 'kartA' jisakA aisI, 'bhUta anadyatana' kAla meM hone vAlI, vRddhi-rUpa kriyA" yaha bodha hotA hai| 'parokSatva' (kA abhiprAya) hai (maiMne) isakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA isa prakAra kI 'viSayatA' vAle jJAna kA viSaya na bnnaa| tathA 'bhUtAnadyatanatA' (kA abhiprAya) hai Aja ke ATha prahara (gata rAtri ke pichale do, aAgAmI rAtri ke pahale do aura bIca ke dina ke cAra prahara) se bhinna kAla kA honaa| kabhavAdyanuprayogasthale...''amikaiva kriyA :-'edhAJcake', 'edhAmbabhUva' tathA 'edhAmAsa' jaise prayogoM meM 'e' Adi dhAtuoM ke sAtha "ijAdezca gurumato'nRccha:' (pA0 3.1.36) sUtra se 'liT' lakAra meM grAm' pratyaya kA saMyojana tathA 'kR', 'bhU' 'as' kA, "kRJcAnuprayujyate liTi' (pA0 3.1.40) sUtra ke anusAra 'anuprayoga' hotA hai / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki 'yAm' pratyaya kI prakRtibhUta 'e', Adi pradhAna dhAtuoM tathA 'anuprayukta' hone vAlI 'ka' Adi dhAtuoM ke arthoM kA paraspara samanvaya kaise kiyA jAya --- jaba ki donoM bhinna bhinna kriyAoM ke vAcaka haiN| isa viSaya meM yahAM yaha nirNaya diyA gayA hai ki ina prayogoM meM 'anuprayukta' hone hone vAlI 'kR', 'bhU', 'as' dhAtueM sAmAnya vyApAra ko kahatI haiM tathA 'e' Adi dhAtue~, jinake sAtha 'grAm' pratyaya pAtA hai, kisI na kisI vizeSa ('vRddhi' ke anukUla hone vAlA 'vyApAra' Adi) 'kriyA' ko kahatI haiN| isaliye ina donoM sAmAnya tathA vizeSa artho kA paraspara 'abheda' sambandha se anvaya usI prakAra ho jAtA hai jisa prakAra 'droNaH' (vrIhiH) prayoga meM vizeSa parimAraga vAle 'droNa' padArtha kA sAmAnya parimAraNa vAle pratyayArtha ke sAtha 'abheda' rUpa se anvaya hotA hai / yadi donoM hI ('e' Adi tathA 'kR' Adi) kriyA-sAmAnya yA kriyA-vizeSa ko kahate hoM taba donoM kA 'abhedAnvaya' sambhava nahIM haiM kyoMki zAbda bodha ke lie Avazyaka hai ki ina donoM kriyAoM meM se eka vizeSa ho tathA dUsarA vizeSaNa-eka sAmAnya artha kA vAcaka ho tathA dUsarA vizeSa artha kA / yahAM aisI hI sthiti nahIM hai| isaliye donoM dhAtvarthoM kA paraspara anvaya susaMgata ho jAtA hai| dra0- "kRmvastaya: kriyA-sAmAnyavAcina: kriyA-vizeSa-vAcinaH pacAdayaH" (mahA0 3.1.40) / ina 'anuprayukta' dhAtuoM ke kriyA-sAmAnyavAcI hone ke kAraNa hI inake vAcyArtha 'kriyA' ko na to 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAtA hai aura na 'akarmaka' apitu 'Am' pratyaya kI prakRtibhUta dhAtu yadi 'akarmaka' ho to 'anuprayukta' dhAtue~ bhI 'akarmaka' bana jAtI haiM tathA yadi vaha pramukha dhAtu 'sakarmaka' ho to ye dhAtue~ bhI 'makarmaka' ho jAtI haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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252 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjuSA vastutastu anuprayuktAnAm....."kriyAsAmAnyavAcakatvam eva :-para yadi ina 'anuprayukta' dhAtoM ko kevala 'kriyA'-sAmAnya kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to 'edhAJcakra' kA artha hogA "vRddhi rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla hone vAle 'vyApAra' se abhinna sAmAnya 'phala' ke anukUla 'vyaapaar"| spaSTa hai ki 'edhAJke' jaise prayogoM kA itanA vistRta artha mAnane meM gaurava hai| isalie nAgeza ne 'vastutastu' kaha kara dUsarA vikalpa prastuta kiyA jisakA abhiprAya hai ki ye 'anuprayukta' dhAtue~ 'phala'-rahita sAmAnya-kriyA' ke vAcaka haiM / ata: 'phala'-zUnya 'kriyA' kA vAcaka mAnane para 'evAJcake' kA artha hogA"vRddhi ke anukUla jo 'vyApAra' usase abhinna 'vyApAra", jisameM nizcita hI pahale kI apekSA lAghava hai| pahale vikalpa meM 'anuprayukta 'dhAtuoM kA 'vyApAra'-sAmAnya artha mAnate hue bhI vahAM 'vyApAra' ko 'phala' zUnya nahIM mAnA jaataa| sakarmakAkarmatva...."kriyeti bodhaH - yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki yadi 'anuprayukta' dhAtue~ 'phala'-rahita sAmAnya kriyA ke vAcaka haiM to phira unakI 'sakarmakatA' tathA 'akarmakatA' kA nirNaya kaise hogA ? isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai / 'pAmpratyaya' kI 'prakRti'bhUta jo edh' Adi dhAtue~ haiM yadi ve 'sakarmaka' haiM to 'anuprayukta' dhAtu ko bhI sakarmaka mAnA jAegA tathA yadi 'Am' pratyaya kI prakRti' bhUta dhAtu 'akarmaka' hai to usake sAtha 'anuprayukta dhAtu 'akarmaka' mAnI jaaegii| isa prakAra ina dhAtuoM kI 'sakarmakatA' tathA 'akarmakatA' ke nirNaya meM koI kaThinAI nahI hogii| isa rUpa meM 'evAJcake caitraH' isa prayoga meM zAbdabodha hogA "ekatva' saMkhyA se yukta evaM 'parokSatA' se viziSTa caitra hai 'kartA' jisakA tathA 'bhUta' anadyatana kAla hai 'adhikaraNa' jisakA (arthAt 'bhUta' anadyatana kAla meM hone vAlI) aisI 'vRddhi' rUpa 'kriyaa"| ['luT ke 'Adeza' bhUta 'ti' ke artha tathA 'bhaviSyatva' kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra] luDAdezasya tu bhaviSyadanadyatanArtho'dhika: / zeSaM lavat / bhaviSyattvaM ca vartamAnaprAgabhAvapratiyogikriyopalakSitatvam / 'luTa' (lakAra) ke 'Adeza' ('tiGa') kA to 'bhaviSyad anadyatana' artha adhika haiM / zeSa (artha- saMkhyA' tathA 'kAraka') 'laT' ke ('Adeza'bhUta 'tiGa' ke arthoM ke) samAna hai / bhaviSyattva' (kI paribhASA) hai vartamAna (kAlIna) 'prAgabhAva' kI 'pratiyogI' kriyA ke dvArA upalakSita honaa| 'luTa' lakAra kA vidhAyaka sUtra hai-"anadyatane luT" (pA0 3.3.6 pR) isa sUtra meM 'bhaviSyati gamyAdayaH' (pA0 3.3.3) se 'bhaviSyati' pada kI anuvRtti prArahI hai tathA 'dhAtoH' (3.1.91) se 'dhAtu' kA adhikAra hai hii| 'bhaviSyati' tathA tathA 'anadyatane' padoM kA anvaya dhAtvarthabhUta kriyA meM hogA isa prakAra "anadyatane luTa" kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 253 artha huA 'anadyatana bhaviSyat' kAla meM hone vAlI 'kriyA' ke vAcaka dhAtu se 'luT lakAra hotA hai"| bhaviSyattvaM ca upalakSitatvam :--- 'anadyatana' pada ke abhiprAya ke viSaya meM Upara kahA jA cukA hai| bhaviSyat kAla kI paribhASA yahA~ yaha dI gayI hai ki vartamAna kAla meM jisakA 'prAgabhAva' hai usa 'kriyA se upalakSita hone vAle, arthAt usake AzrayabhUta, kAla ko 'bhaviSyat' kAla kahate haiM / 'pratiyogI' svayaM vaha kriyA hI hai jisakA vartamAna kAla meM 'prAgabhAva' hai / jaise-'dhaTa: zvo bhavitA' (ghar3A kala bnegaa)| yahA~ ghaTa meM hone vAlI jo 'sattA' rUpa kriyA hai vaha dUsare (Ane vAle) dina hogI, isaliye Aja usa sattA kA 'prAgabhAva' hai / yahA~ 'prAgabhAva' kA 'pratiyogI' hai 'sattA' kriyaa| yaha 'sattA' kriyA kala hogii| isaliye isa kriyA ke dvArA upalakSita -- isa kriyA kA prAzrayabhUta-kAla huaA 'zvaH' (kl)| ['luT' sthAnIya 'tiG' kA artha luTtiGastu bhaviSyatsAmAnyam arthaH / 'luT' (lakAra ke 'prAdeza'bhUta) tiG kA artha sAmAnya bhaviSyat kAla hai / 'luTa' lakAra kA vidhAyaka sUtra hai-"luTa zeSe ca" (pA0-3.3.3), jisameM "bhaviSyati gamyAdayaH" (pA03.3.3) se 'bhaviSyati' pada kI anuvRtti pA rahI hai| "luT zeSe ca" isa sUtra se pUrvavartI sUtra "tumunNvulau kriyAyAM kriyArthAyAm" (pA0 3.3.10) meM 'kriyArthaka kriyA' kA jo artha-nirdeza kiyA gayA usase anya, arthAt 'kriyArthaka kriyA kA abhAva' isa satra ke 'zeSa' pada se abhipreta hai| parantu yahA~ ke 'ca' pada se 'kriyArthaka kriyA' ke hone para bhI 'luTa' hotA hai| jaise-'zayiSyate iti sthIyate' (vaha soyegA isa liye rukA hai)| ataH "luT zeSe ca' kA yaha artha kiyA jAtA hai ki "bhaviSyat kAla' meM hone vAlI jo 'kriyA' usake vAcaka dhAtu se, "kriyArthaka kriyA' ke hone athavA na hone para donoM sthitiyoM meM, 'luT' hotA hai" / ['leT' lakAra ke 'prAdeza'bhUta 'tiG' kA artha] letiGastu vidhyAdirarthaH, 'chandasi liGa\ leT" (pA03.4.7) iti sUtrAt / laT prakriyAto 'leTo'DATau" iti vizeSaH / 'bhavati', 'bhavAti' iti prayogadarzanAt / 'leTa' (lakAra ke 'prAdeza') tiG' ke to 'vidhi' Adi artha haiM kyoMki isa ('lakAra') kA vidhAyaka sUtra hai-"liGarthe lett"| 'laT' (lakAra) kI prakriyA 1. kAprazu0-leTa kriyaato| For Private and Personal Use Only

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254 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA se 'leT' ke kriyA padoM meM 'ada' aura 'pATa' ('Agama') vizeSa hai kyoMki ('leT' lakAra meM) 'bhavati', 'bhavAti' (ye prayoga) dekhe jAte haiM / pANini ne "liGarthe leTa" sUtra ke dvArA 'leT' lakAra kA vidhAna vidhi' Adi unhIM athoM meM kiyA jinameM 'liG' lakAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ye 'vidhi' yAdi artha haiM.---'vidhi', 'nimantraNa', 'AmaMtraNa, 'adhISTa', 'samprazna' tathA 'prArthanA' / ye 'leT' lakAra vAle prayoga kevala veda tathA brAhmaNa Adi granthoM meM milate haiM / isaliye 'leT' kA vidhAna bhI pANini ne kevala vaidika prayogoM kI dRSTi se kiyA hai / "liGathe leT" sUtra se pahalA sUtra hai "chandasi luG-laG-liTaH" (pA03.4.6) / yahA~ se 'chandasi' pada kI anuvRtti isa sUtra meM A rahI hai| isIliye sambhavataH artha kI dRSTi se, nAgeza ne "chandasi liGarthe leTa" ke rUpa meM sUtra uddhata kiyA hai| bhaTToji dIkSita ne bhI isIliye 'leT lakAra ko kevala 'chAndasa' kahA hai--. "paMcamo (leTa) lakArastu chandomAtragocaraH' (sikau0 --'tiGante bhvAdayaH' ke prArambha meN)| leTo' DATau iti vizeSa:-nAgeza ne 'leTa tathA 'laT lakAra ke prayogoM meM rUpa kI dRSTi se kevala 'aT' tathA 'pAT' AgamoM kA hI antara mAnA hai| parantu yaha bAta kevala 'parasmaipadI' dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM hI, kisI hada taka, ThIka ho sakatI hai| 'prAtmanepadI' dhAtuoM ke prayogoM meM to aura bhI antara pAye jAte haiM jinakA nirdeza svayaM sUtrakAra pANini ne apane sUtroM-"pAta ai" (pA0 3.4.65) tathA "vaito'nyatra" (pA03.4.66) meM kiyA hai| inake udAharaNa haiM-'mantrayate', 'mantrayathai', 'zaye', 'Izai, 'gahyAta ityAdi, jinameM 'yA' ke sthAna para 'ai' Adeza ho gayA hai| 'parasmaipadI' dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM bhI nAgeza kA kathana bahuta ucita nahIM hai kyoMki unameM bhI kucha aura vizeSatA pAyI jAtI haiM jinakA nirdeza-"itazca lopaH parasmaipadeSu" (pA03.4.67) tathA "sa uttamasya" (pA03.4.68) meM kiyA gayA hai / inake udAharaNa haiM-'joSiSat', 'tAriSat' tathA "karavAva,' 'karavAma' / ina prathama do udAharaNoM meM 'tip,' ke 'i' kA lopa tathA bAda ke udAharaNoM meM 'vas' 'mas' ke 's' kA lopa huA hai| ['loT lakAra ke sthAna para pAne vAle 'tiGa' kA artha] lotiGastu vidhyaadirrthH| tatra 'adhISTam' satkArapUrvako vyApAraH, 'pAgacchatu bhavAn jalaM gRhNAtu' ityAdau / 'sampraznaH' anumatiH, 'gacchati ced bhavAn gacchatu' ityAdau / 'loTa' (lakAra ke 'Adeza' bhUta) 'tiGa' ke 'vidhi' Adi (nimantraNa, AmantraNa, adhISTa, samprazna, prArthanA) artha haiN| unameM, 'adhISTa' (kA artha) hai satkAra pUrvaka 'vyApAra' (kriyA meM lgaanaa)| jaise-'Agacchatu bhavAn jalaM 1. ha.-aghISTa: / For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 255 'gRhaNAtu' (yAiye Apa jala pIjiye) ityAdi (prayogoM) meN| 'samprazna' (kA abhiprAya) hai anumati (sviikRti)| jaise-'gacchati ced bhavAn gacchatu' (yadi Apa jAte haiM to jAiye) ityAdi (prayogoM) meN| ['laG' ke 'prAdeza' bhUta 'tiG' kA artha] laGAdezasya tu bhUtAnadyatanatvam adhiko'rthaH / zeSa laD vat / 'laGa' (lakAra) ke 'Adeza' (tiG') kA to 'bhUta-anadyatana' artha adhika hai| zeSa (artha--'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAraka) 'laT' (ke 'Adeza' bhUta 'ti' ke artha) ke samAna hI haiN| 'laG' lakAra kA vidhAyaka sUtra hai "anadyatane laG" (pA0 3.2.111), jisa meM "dhAtoH "(pA0 3.1.61) tathA "bhUte (3.2.84) ina do sUtroM kA adhikAra calA grA rahA hai / "anadyatana" pada 'bhUte' kA vizeSaraNa hai tathA 'bhUte' pada 'dhAtu' ke artha 'kriyA' kaa| isaliye "adyatane laG" kA artha hai "adyatana bhUta kAla' meM hone vAlI jo kriyA usake vAcaka dhAtu se 'laG lakAra hotA hai'| isa prakAra 'laG' kA viziSTa artha huA 'bhUta-anadyatanatva' / isa 'bhUtAnadyatanatva' ke atirikta 'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAraka' rUpa jo artha haiM ve 'laT' ke 'Adeza' tiG ke artha samAna haiN| [liGa' ke 'prAdeza'-bhUta 'ti' kA artha] liGAdezasya tu vidhyAdirarthaH / tatra vidhyAdicatuSTayasya anusyUtapravartanAtvena caturNAM vAcyatA lAghavAt / tudaktam hariNAasti pravartanArUpam anusyUta caturdhvapi / tatra va liGa vidhAtavyaH ki bhedasya vivakSayA // (vabhUsA0 pR0 160 meM uddhRta) 'li' (lakAra) ke 'Adeza' (tiG) ke to vidhi' Adi ('nimantraNa' 'AmantraNa', 'adhISTa', 'samprazna' 'prArthanA') artha haiM / ina 'vidhi' Adi ('vidhi' nimantraNa,' 'AmantraNa,' tathA 'adhISTa') cAroM padoM meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna 'pravartanAtva' (rUpa 'dharma' kI dRSTi) se vAcyatA (vAcya-artha) mAnanI cAhiye kyoMki aisA mAnane meM lAghava hai| isI bAta ko bhartRhari ne kahA hai :1. bhata hari ke vAkyapadIya meM yaha kArikA upalabdha nahIM hai| kauNDabhaTTa ne bhI isa kArikA ko 'taduktam' kaha kara uddha ta kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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256 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA cAroM (padoM) meM hI 'pravartanA' rUpa (dharma') vidyamAna hai| usI ('pravartanA' artha) meM 'liG' (lakAra) kA vidhAna karanA cAhiye / bheda ('vidhi' aAdi bhinna bhinna artho') kI vivakSA se kyA (lAbha) ? _ 'liG lakAra kA vidhAna uparyukta 'vidhi,' nimaMtraNa', 'grAmaMtraNa,' 'adhISTa', 'samprazna' tathA 'prArthanA' ina 6 arthoM meM kiyA gyaa| vidhAyaka sUtra kA nirdeza Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| ina 6 arthoM meM vidhi' kI pramukhatA hone ke kAraNa isa lakAra ko 'vidhiliGa' kahA jAtA hai| eka dUsare sUtra 'AziSi liGloTau" (pA0 3.3.173) se jisa 'liG' kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai use 'pAzIliG' kahA jAtA hai| vidhi-vidhi' kA artha vyAkhyAkAroM ne apane se choTe ko kArya meM pravRtta hone ke liye preraNa karanA' mAnA hai| isa taraha 'vidhi' kA abhiprAya AjJA denA hai| bhASyakAra pataMjali ne 'vidhi' kA artha "preSaNa' kiyA hai'-'vidhir nAma preSaNam''(mahA0 3.3.161) jisakI vyAkhyA karate hue kaiyaTa ne kahA hai-- "bhRtyAdeH kasyAMcit kriyAyAM niyojanam" (pradIpa TIkA) nimantraNa-'nimaMtraNa' zabda kA artha hai 'isa kArya ko avazya karanA hai anyathA doSa kA bhAgI bananA par3egA athavA daNDa milegA' isa rUpa meM kisI ko kArya meM prerita krnaa| dra0-"yanniyogataH kartavyaM tannimantraNam" (mahA0 3.3.161) tathA-"asatyAm api icchAyAm akaraNe sati adharmAtpatteniyamena avazyambhAvena yat karaNaM tannimantraNam' (nyAsa 3.3.161) / prAmantraNa--'amantraNa' pada kA artha hai 'preraNA karate hue bhI kartA kI icchA ke Upara chor3a denA, use kArya ko karane ke liye bAdhita na krnaa'| isa taraha 'AmaMtraNa' meM avazyakartavyatA kI sthiti nahIM rahatI, kArya ko karanA na karanA vaktA kI apanI icchA para nirbhara karatA hai / dra0 --- "AmantraNa kAmacAraH", (mahA0 3.3.66) tathA--- "yad icchayaiva karaNaM na anicchayA, akaraNe'pi doSAbhAvAt, tad AmantraNam" (nyAsa 3.3.66) / 'adhISTa' tathA 'samprazna' kA artha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| caturNAm anusyUta-pravartanAtvena * lAghavAt-yahA~ nirdiSTa 'vidhi' Adi prathama cAra zabdoM meM kisI na kisI prakAra 'pravartanA' athavA preraNA kI sthiti pAyI jAtI hai / isaliye ina cAroM ko bhinna bhinna rUpa meM 'vidhi' Adi kA vAcyArtha na mAna kara kevala 'pravartanA' rUpa eka vAcyArtha mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki yaha artha cAroM zabdoM meM anugata hai, vyApta hai| aisA mAnane meM lAghava hai| isake viparIta ina cAroM bhinna bhinna arthoM ko vAcya mAnane meM gaurava hai| asti pravartanArUpam vivakSayA-isa kArikA kA prAzaya yaha hai ki 'liGa' lakAra kA vidhAna kevala 'pravartanA' artha meM hI karanA cAhiye, arthAt ina 'vidhi' Adi aneka zabdoM ko sUtra meM sthAna nahIM denA cAhiye kyoMki unase kisI vizeSa prayojana kI siddhi to hotI nahIM ulaTe gaurava yA sUtra kA vistAra adhika ho jAtA hai| bhaTToji dIkSita ne bhI isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA, meM "pravartanAyAm ityeva suvacam" kaha kara isI tathya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| para kevala 'pravartanA' (preraNA) zabda se kAma nahIM cala For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 257 sakatA kyoMki 'samprazna' meM 'preraNA' artha na hone ke kAraNa use 'pravartanA ke antargata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isaliye "pravaMtanA samprazna yoliGa' yaha sUtra banAyA jA sakatA thaa| yadi bhartRhari ke nAma se uddhata bhaTThoji dIkSita kI uparinirdiSTa kArikA ke 'caturvapi' pada para dhyAna diyA jAya taba to 'pravartanA-sampraznaprArthaneSu liGa' isa rUpa meM sUtra banAyA jAnA cAhiye / parantu 'pravartanA' meM hI meM hI 'prArthanA' kA artha bhI samAviSTa ho jAtA hai isaliye vahA~ 'caturyu' ko 'paMcasu' kA upalakSaraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| prAcArya pANini ne kevala lAghava ko hI sUtraracanA meM eka mAtra pramukhatA nahIM dI thI apitu saralatA aura suppaTatA kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA thaa| isIliye 'pravartanA' (preraNA) ke vividha bhedoM ke pradarzanArtha athavA 'vidhi' Adi zabdoM ke 'pravRttinimitta'rUpa viziSTa arthoM ko 'liGa' lakAra kA vAcyArtha banAne kI dRSTi se ina ina sabhI zabdoM kA nirdeza pAriNani ne kiyaa| isI bAta kA ullekha bhaTToji dIkSita ne nimna kArikA meM kiyA hai : nyAyavyutpAdanArthaM vA prapaJcArtham athApi vA / vidhyAdInAm upAdAnaM caturNAm AditaH kRtam / / (vaibhUsA0 pR0 160 meM uddhRta) ['pravartanA' kI paribhASA] pravartanAtvaM ca pravRttijanakajJAnaviSayatAvacchedakatvam / tacceSTasAdhanatvameva iti tadeva lirthaH / na tu kRtisAdhyatvam, tasya yAgAdau lokata eva lAbhAd iti anyalabhyatvAt / na ca balavadaniSTAnanubandhitvam, dvaSA bhAvena anyathAsiddhatvAd-ityanyatra vistaraH / pravartanAtva (kA abhiprAya) hai (kArya meM) pravRtti ke utpAdaka jJAna kI viSayatA kA avacchedaka (bodhaka) honaa| aura vaha (avacchedakatA) 'iSTa sAdhanatA' ho hai / isaliye vaha ('iSTasAdhanatA') hI 'liG' kA artha hai / 'yatna-sAdhya' honA to ('liGa' kA artha) nahIM hai kyoMki usa ('yatnasAdhyatA' rUpa artha) kA, yAga Adi meM, loka se hI jJAna ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha (artha) anya (loka) ke dvArA labhya (jJeya) hai / aura 'prabala aniSTa kA utpAdaka na honA' (bhI 'liGa' kA artha) nahIM hai kyoMki (kArya vizeSa-viSayaka pravRtti meM) dveSa kA prabhAva kAraNa hai isaliye vaha (balavAn aniSTa kI anutpAdakatA rUpa artha bhI) 'anyathAsiddha' hai| yaha vicAra anyatra (maMjUSA Adi meM) vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| 1. nisa0, kAprazu0-sAdhanatvasya'va / 2. h0-vaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 258 www.kobatirth.org baiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA pravartanAtvaM ca 'iSTasAdhanatvasyaiva 'pravartanA' zabda kA abhiprAya hai jisake dvArA kArya meM vyakti kI pravRtti karAyI jaay| 'pravatyaMte'nayA' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra yahA~ 'pra' upasarga se yukta Nyanta 'vRt' dhAtu se 'karaNa' kAraka meM 'yuc' pratyaya mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa bAta ko yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki " pravRtti kA utpAdaka athavA kAraNabhUta jo jJAna usa jJAna kA viSaya 'pravartanA' hai"| jaise- 'svargakAmo yajeta' (svargAbhilASI yajana kare ) yahA~ 'yAga mere grabhISTa svarga kA sAdhana hai' ('yAgo madiSTasAdhanam') yaha jJAna hI yAga meM vyakti kI pravRtti kA hetu hai tathA isa jJAna kA viSaya hai yAga kA iSTa sAdhana bananA / isaliye yAga viSayaka iSTa sAdhanatA hI yahA~ 'pravartanA' hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isI abhiprAya ko nAgeza ne yahA~ naiyAyikoM kI bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| kisI kArya meM vyakti kI pravRtti kA utpAdaka yA pravartaka hai- 'idaM mad iSTasAdhanam' (yaha kArya mere abhISTa vastu kA sAdhana hai) yaha jJAna / jaise- - Upara ke udAharaNa - 'svargakAmau yajeta' -- meM 'yAga mere abhISTa svarga kA sAdhana hai' yaha jJAna / grataH yaha jJAna pravRtti kA janaka huA / isa jJAna kA viSaya hai 'yAga kA iSTasAdhana' hotA / 'viSaya' meM rahane vAle dharma ko 'viSayatA' kahate haiM / isa taraha yahA~ rahane vAlI jo 'viSayatA' hai usakA pravacchear (free or bodhaka) huA 'iSTasAdhana' / tathA 'gravacchedakatva' huA 'iSTasAdhanatva'rUpa 'dharma' jo iSTasAdhana meM rahatA hai / isa prakAra 'iSTasAdhanatA' ko hI 'pravartanAtva' kahA gayA aura vaha 'iSTasAdhanatA' hI 'liGa' kA artha hai / tadeva liGartha: - 'eva' kA prayoga yahA~ yaha batAne ke liye kiyA gayA hai ki vaiyAkaraNa kevala 'iSTasAdhanatA' ko hI 'liGa' kA artha mAnate haiM / ve naiyAyikoM ke samAna ' iSTa sAdhanatA' ke sAtha sAtha 'kRtisAdhyatA' tathA 'balavad graniSTAnanubandhitA' ko bhI 'liGa' kA artha nahIM mAnate / isI bAta ko nAgeza ne yahA~ Age kI paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai / .. na tu kRtisAdhyatvaM labhyatvAt - 'yaha kArya mere dvArA sAdhya hai, asAdhya nahIM' isa prakAra kA ' kRtisAdhyatA' kA jJAna bhI yadyapi kArya meM pravRtti kA hetu hai hI kyoMki 'parvata ko uThA lAne' jaise kisI bhI kArya meM kisI bhI vyakti kI pravRtti nahIM dekhI jAtI, bhale hI usase kitane bhI bar3e iSTa kI siddhi kyoM na hotI ho / parantu isa 'kRtisAdhyatA' kA jJAna yAga yAdi kAryoM meM loka ( anumAna' pramANa) Adi se hI siddha hai kyoMki yAga karane meM koI aisI bAta nahIM dikhAyI detI jo asAdhya ho / jisa prakAra hama kisI bhI sAdhya kArya ko karate haiM usI prakAra 'yAga' ko bhI kara sakate haiM / 'yAgo matkRtisAdhyaH / matkRtisAdhyatvavirodhidharmAnAkrAntatvAt / madIyanagaragamanAdivat' isa prakAra ke anumAna se 'yAga' kI kRtisAdhyatA jJAta ho jAtI hai / ataH 'yajeta' Adi 'liGa' lakAra ke kriyApadoM meM kRti - sAdhyatA ko 'liGa' kA artha mAnanA anAvazyaka hai kyoMki "ananya-labhyaH zabdArtha : " isa nyAya ke anusAra ' pratyaya' Adi kA artha vahI honA cAhiye jo kisI anya vidhi se jJAta na ho ske| isaliye 'kRtisAdhyatA' ko 'liG' kA arthaM na mAna kara kevala 'iSTasAdhanatA' ko hI 'liGa' kA artha mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki abhISTa svarga kA sAdhana yAga hai' isa prakAra kI yAgaviSayaka 'iSTa sAdhanatA' kA jJAna kevala veda ke 'yajeta' pada dvArA hI ho pAtA hai / ataH usakI 'ananyalabhyatA' - kisI anya For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 256 anumAna'adi upAyoM dvArA usakA jJAna na ho sakane-ke kAraNa use hI vaiyAkaraNa 'liG' kA artha mAnatA hai| na ca balavadaniSTAnanubandhitvam, dveSAbhAvenAnyathAsiddhatvAt --- 'iSTasAdhanatA' ke jJAna ke samAna hI, kArya meM pravRtta hone ke liye, yaha jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai ki isa kArya se kisI bahuta bar3e aniSTa kI utpatti nahIM hogii| jaise-viSa-mizrita susvAdu bhojana meM hamArI pravRtti isIliye nahIM hotI ki hama jAnate haiM isameM viSa milA huA hai tathA susvAdurUpa 'iSTasAdhanatA' ke sAtha sAtha yaha mRtyu rUpI mahAn aniSTa kA bhI kAraNa banegA / isaliye naiyAyika isa prakAra ke prabala aniSTa ke anutpAdaka jJAna ko bhI 'liGa' kA artha mAnate haiM / parantu kisI bhI vyakti kI pravRtti aise kArya meM nahIM hotI jahA~ koI pratibandhaka hetu hotA hai / ata: kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtta hone ke liye pratibandhaka ke abhAva ko bhI avazya kAraNa mAnanA par3atA hai| isIliye sabhI kAraNoM ke upasthita hone para bhI yadi koI pratibandha yA rukAvaTa A jAtI hai to kArya nahIM hotA / jaise-cakra, cIvara tathA kumhAra ke hote hue bhI yadi kumhAra bImAra hai to ghaTotpattirUpa kArya nahIM ho pAtA / viSamizrita bhojana meM bhI tRpti sukha kI apekSA mRtyu rUpa prabala dukha kI utpAdakatA ke hone ke kAraNa usa dukha kI AzaMkA se utpanna virakti hI usa bhojana ke karane meM pratibandhaka ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai| jahA~ isa prakAra kA koI pratibandhaka nahIM hotA vahA~, bhojanAdi kAryoM meM, vyakti kI pravRtti hotI hai / isalie yAga Adi meM, jahA~ bahuta parizrama tathA dhana kI apekSA sukhavizeSa (svarga) kI prApti hotI hai, svargAbhilASI vyakti kI pravRtti hogI hI / isa taraha 'pratibandhakAbhAva' ko sarvatra kAryotpatti meM kAraNa mAnane para pravatti meM bhI pratibandhakAbhAva kA jJAna svata: ho jAyA karegA / ataH 'anyathAsiddha', arthAt anya prakAra se pratibandhakAbhAvarUpa kAraNa ke dvArA hI kArya ke siddha, hone se 'balavad-aniSTa-ananubandhitva' ke jJAna (prabala aniSTa yA dukha se asambaddha honA rUpa jJAna) ko pravRtti meM hetu mAnanA anAvazyaka hai / isa taraha 'kRti-sAvyatA' ke anumAnagamya hone tathA 'balabad aniSTAnanubandhitva' ke 'manyathAsiddha' hone athavA anupayogI hone ke kAraNa kevala 'iSTasAdhanatA' hI 'liG lakAra kA vAcya artha hai aisA vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn mAnate haiN| prAcArya maNDanamizra ko bhI 'pravartanA', athavA pravRttijanaka jJAna ke viSaya ke rUpa meM 'iSTasAdhanatA' hI 'liG' ke artha ke rUpa meM abhipreta hai / dra0 - puMsAM neSTAbhyupAyatvAt kriyAsvanyaH pravartakaH / pravRttihetu dharma ca pravadanti pravartanAm // (vabhUsA0 pR0 163 meM uddhRta) iSTAbhyupAyatva (iSTasAdhanatA) se atirikta, kiyA meM puruSa ko pravRtta karAne vAle, aura koI bhI ('kRti-sAdhyatA' tathA 'balavad-aniSTAnanubandhitA') nahIM hai / pravRtti ke hetubhUta dharma (iSTa-sAdhanatA) ko hI 'pravartanA' kahate haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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260 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isa 'pravartanA' ko hI mImAMsakoM ne 'zAbdI bhAvanA' kahA hai tathA isakI paribhASA yaha kI hai ki "puruSa kI kArya meM pravRtti ho isaliye bhAvayitA yA preraka kA preraNArUpa vyApAra vizeSa 'zAbdI bhAvanA" hai / dra0 - " tatra puruSa - pravRttyanukUlo bhAvakavyApAravizeSaH zAbdI bhAvanA" ( mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza, pR0 5) / yaha 'zAbdI bhAvanA' prAkhyAta ke 'liG' aza kA vAcyArtha hai kyoMki 'liGa' lakAra ke prayogoM ko sunane para unase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kahane vAlA mujhe isa kArya ko karane ke liye prerita kara rahA hai / yaha viziSTa 'vyApAra' athavA ' zAbdI bhAvanA' yA pravartanA' laukika vAkyoM meM vaktA puruSa meM vidyamAna abhiprAya vizeSa hai / parantu vaidika vAkyoM meM 'liG' prAdi zabdoM meM hI rahatA hai kyoMki veda mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi meM apauruSeya haiM, unakA koI karttA yA vaktA nahIM hai / isIkAraNa ise 'zAbdI bhAvanA' kahA jAtA hai / dra0 - " pratazca zabdaniSTha eva paryAya vyApAraH zAbdI bhAvanA | saiva ca pravartanAtvena rUpeNa vidhyarthaH " ( mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza, pR0 266 tathA arthasaMgraha 6) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [ 'luG' lakAra ke 'prAdeza' bhUta 'tiG' kA artha tathA 'bhUtatva' ko paribhASA ] luGAdezasya tu bhUtasAmAnyam grarthaH / bhUtatvaM ca vartamAnadhvaMsa pratiyogi-kriyopalakSitatvam / 'luG' lakAra ke 'Adeza' ('tib' Adi) kA artha sAmAnya 'bhUta' kAla hai / 'bhUtatva' ( kA abhiprAya ) hai ( atIta meM huI kriyA kA) vartamAnakAlIna jo dhvaMsa usake 'pratiyogI' (atItakAlIna kriyA) se upalakSita honA / bhUtatvaM ca vartamAnadhvaMsapratiyogikriyopalakSitatvam - yahA~ 'vartamAnadhvaMsa' pada ke 'vartamAne dhvaMsaH ' athavA 'vartamAno dhvaMsa:' isa rUpa meM vigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai / donoM hI vigrahoM meM 'vartamAnakAlika dhvaMsa' abhiprAya hI prakaTa hotA hai / yaha vartamAnakAlika dhvaMsa 'pratIta' kAla meM hone vAlI kriyA kA hI ho sakatA hai / isa taraha atIta kAla meM kI gayI kriyA kA vartamAna kAla meM hone vAlA dhvaMsa hI yahA~ 'vartamAna-dhvaMsa' pada kA abhiprAya hai / isa dhvaMsa kA 'pratiyogI' kriyA, arthAt jisa kriyA kA yaha dhvaMsa hai, jisa kAla meM avinaSTa yA dhvaMsarahita thI vaha kAla hI 'bhUta' kAla hai / [ 'luG' lakAra ke 'pradeza' - bhUta 'tiG' kA artha ] luGAdezasya tu kriyAtipattau gamyamAnAyAM hetuhetumadbhAve ca gamyamAne bhUtatvaM bhaviSyattvaM cArthaH / prApAdanA tu gamyamAnA / bhUte edhazced alapsyata zrodanam For Private and Personal Use Only

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daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNaya 261 apakSyata / bhaviSyati-suvRSTizced abhaviSyat subhikSam abhaviSyad iti saMkSepaH / ___ iti daza-lakArAdezArtha-nirNayaH / 'laG' (lakAra) ke 'Adeza' ('tiG') kA to kriyA kI aniSpatti (asiddhi) ke gamyamAna hone tathA 'hetuhetumadbhAva' (kAryakAraNabhAva) ke pratIta hone para bhUta kAla tathA bhaviSyat kAla artha hai / 'pApAdanA' (eka vastu ke na hone para dUsarI vastu ke na hone kA prasaMga) to gamya hai| bhUtakAla meM (udAharaNa hai) - 'edhazced alapsyata prodanam apakSyata' (yadi lakar3I milI hotI to cAvala pakA hotaa)| bhaviSyat kAla meM (udAharaNa hai)--'suvRSTizced abhaviSyat subhikSam abhaviSyata (yadi acchI vaSTi hogI to sampannatA hogii)| (vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se) yaha saMkSipta (lakArArthanirNaya) hai| luGAdezasya..... bhaviSyattvaM cArthaH -- 'luGa' lakAra kA vidhAyaka prathama sUtra hai "linimitta laGa kriyAtipattau' (pA0 3.3.139) / isa sUtra meM Upara ke sUtra "bhaviSyati maryAdAvacane'varasmin" (pA0 3.3.138) se 'bhaviSyati' pada kI anuvRtti prA rahI hai / ataH yaha sUtra bhaviSyat kAla meM, 'liG lakAra ke nimittabhUta 'hetuhetumadbhAva' athavA kAryakAraNabhAva' Adi kI pratIti hone para tathA kriyA kI 'atipatti' (asiddhi yA aniSpatti) ke pratIta hone para, 'luGa' lakAra kA vidhAna karatA hai| 'luGa' lakAra kA vidhAyaka dvitIya sUtra hai "bhUte ca' (pA0 3.3.140) / yaha sUtra uparanirdiSTa sthitiyoM ke hote hue 'bhUta' kAla meM 'luGa' lakAra kA vidhAna karatA hai / ata: 'luGa' lakAra se, ina viziSTa sthitiyoM ke sAtha, bhaviSyat kAla tathA bhUta kAla kI pratIti hotI hai| pApAdanA tu gamyamAnA :---uparyukta "liGa nimitte laGa kriyAtipattau" sUtra meM 'atipatti' pada kA artha hai 'kriyA kA niSpanna na honA' / isa 'atipatti' tathA 'kAryakAraNabhAva' ke gamyamAna rahane ke kAraNa hI 'laGa' ke prayogoM meM eka prakAra ke tarka athavA, nAgeza ke zabdoM meM, 'pApAdanA' kI pratIti hotI hai| yahA~ 'luGa' ke uparyukta donoM udAharaNoM meM ye tInoM hI bAteM - 'kriyA kI asiddhi', 'hetuhetumadbhAva' (kArya kAraNabhAva) tathA 'pApAdanA'-- abhivyakta hotI haiN| prathama udAharaNa meM bhUtakAla kI dRSTi se Idhana kA prApta honA rUpa kriyA tathA cAvala kA pakanA rUpa kriyA donoM kI asiddhi, IMdhana kA na milanA rUpa kAraNa tathA bhAta kA na pakanA rUpa kArya tathA yadi Idhana milatA to bhAta pakatA isa prakAra kI 'pApAdanA' (tarka) kI pratIti hotI hai| isI taraha dUsare udAharaNa meM bhaviSyat kAla kI dRSTi se suvRSTi kA honA rUpa kiyA tathA sampannatA evaM samRddhi kA honA rUpa kriyA kI prasiddhi, suvRSTi kA na honA rUpa kriyA kI kAraNatA aura samRddhi kA na honA rUpa kriyA kI kAryatA-isa rUpa meM 1. ha.-gurAjyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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262 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA donoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva' evaM, jaba jaba suvRSTi nahIM hogI taba taba sampannatA nahIM hogI ---isa prakAra kI, 'pApAdanA' kI pratIti hotI hai / prApAdanA :-agale prakaraNa 'lakArArtha-nirNaya' ke anta meM "sA cApAdanA tarkaH" kaha kara nAgeza ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA ki 'tarka' ke paryAya ke rUpa meM hI unhoMne yahA~ tathA Age, naiyAyikoM ke anusAra "luGa' lakAra ke artha-pradarzana ke avasara para, bhI 'pApAdanA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'tarka' kI paribhASA kI gayI hai-"vyApyAropeNa vyApakAropastarkaH' (tarkasaMgraha, guNa-prakaraNa) isa kA abhiprAya hai ki 'vyApya', arthAt alpa deza yA sthAna meM rahane vAle, ke kAlpanika jJAna ke dvArA vyApaka, arthAt adhika deza yA sthAna meM rahane vAle, kA kAlpanika jJAna karanA / paribhASA meM 'Aropa' kA artha hai 'pAhArya', arthAt kAlpanika jJAna / jaise-parvata meM Aga tathA dhUma donoM haiM parantu unake abhAva ke kAlpanika jJAna ke dvArA dhUmAbhAva kA kAlpanika jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| yahAM agni kA abhAva 'vyApya' hai tathA dhUma kA abhAva 'vyApaka' hai| isaliye ina donoM ke AdhAra para yaha 'tarka' prastuta kiyA jAtA hai ki 'yadi yahA~ Aga nahIM hotI to dhUA~ bhI nahIM hotA / ' For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra [lakArArtha ke viSaya meM vividha mata ] www.kobatirth.org lakArArtha-nirNayaH 1. 2. 3. graMtha naiyAyikAnAM mate saMkSepAt lakArANAm grartho nirUpyate / tatra laDAdi - lRGantAH daza lakArAH / tatra lakArasya 'karttA', 'kAla:', 'saMkhyA' iti trayo'rthAH / tatra 'kartA' iti pAtaMjalA : - " laH karmaNi' ca0 " iti sUtre cakAreNa karttuH parAmarzAt / 'kartR ' -sthAne 'vyApAraH ' iti bhATTA: / 'yatnaH' iti naiyAyikAH / yuktaM caitatvyApAratAdyapekSayA lAghavena yatnatvasyaiva zakya tAva cchedakatvAt / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir naiyAyikoM ke mata ke anusAra saMkSepa meM 'lakAroM' ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ ( vyAkaraNa meM) 'laT' se lekara 'lRG' taka dasa 'lakAra' haiM / unameM lakAra ke tIna artha haiM - 'kartA', 'kAla' tathA 'saMkhyA' / isa prasaMga meM " (lakAroM' kA artha) karttA' hai " -- yaha pataMjali ke anuyAyiyoM ( vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM) kA mata hai kyoMki "laH karmaNi ca 0 " isa sUtra meM 'ca' pada se ( kartRvAcya meM 'lakAra' ke artha ) 'kartA' kI sUcanA milatI hai / 'kartA' ke sthAna para ('lakAroM' kA artha ) 'vyApAra' hai - yaha kumArila bhaTTa ke anu fi ( mImAMsaka vidvAnoM ke eka varga ) kA mata hai / 'lakAra' kA artha 'yatna' hai - yaha naiyAyikoM kA mata hai aura yaha ( naiyAyikoM kA mata hI) ThIka hai kyoMki 'vyApAra' Adi ( kartRtva ) kI apekSA, lAghava ke kAraNa, 'yatnatva' hI ('lakAroM' kI) vAcyArthatA kA pravacchedaka hai / naiyAyika vidvAn 'lakAra', arthAt 'tib' Adi pradezoM ke sthAnI, ko hI artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiM usake sthAna para Ane vAle 'AdezoM' ('tib' Adi) ko nahIM / isa bAta kI carcA Upara ho cukI hai ( dra0 isa grantha kA pUrva pRSTha 243-44) / yahAM vividha dArzanikoM kI dRSTi se 'lakAra' ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jArahA hai / vaiyAkaraNa 'lakAra' (athavA usake 'pradeza tib' prAdi) kA artha 'kartA' mAnate haiM / dUsarI ora ha0 -- naiyAyika - | h0 - "laH karmaNi0" iti sUtrasthacakAreNa / kAprazu0 - zaktatA | --- For Private and Personal Use Only

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264 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kumArila bhaTTa tathA unake anuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAn 'lakAra' kA artha 'vyApAra' mAnate haiM-ye loga vyApAra ko dhAtu kA artha nahIM mAnate / naiyAyikoM kA ina donoM se bhinna mata hai / ye vidvAn lakAra' kA artha 'yatna' mAnate haiN| tatra kati kartu: parAmarzAt-vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn lakAra' kA artha 'kartA' kisa AdhAra para mAnate haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara yahAM diyA gayA hai / 'lakAroM' kA artha 'kartA' mAnane meM pramukha hetu hai pANini kA "la: kamariNa ca0" yaha sUtra / isa sUtra ke do vibhAga kiye jAte haiM--"la: karmaNi ca" tathA "bhAve ca akrmkebhyH'| ina donoM bhAgoM meM vidyamAna 'ca' pada ke dvArA, pUrvavartI "kartari kRt" (pA0 3 / 4 / 67) sUtra se, 'kartari' pada kA anukarSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isa kAraNa "laH karmaNi' sUtra kA artha hai-"sakarmaka dhAtuoM se sambaddha 'lakAra' 'karma' tathA 'kartA' ko kahate haiM tathA "akarmaka' dhAtuoM se sambaddha 'lakAra' 'kartA' tathA 'bhAva' ko kahate haiM" / dra0-'lakArAH sakarmakemyaH karmaNi kartari ca syuH, akarmakemyaH bhAve kartari ca' (sikau0 3.4.68) vyApAra iti bhATTAH-kumArila bhaTTa ke anuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAn dhAtu kA artha 'phala' mAnate haiM tathA 'lakAra' kA artha 'vyApAra' mAnate haiN| isa bAta kI bhI carcA Upara dhAtvartha-vicAra ke prakaraNa meM kI jA cukI hai| ina vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki 'kartA' 'vyApAra' kA prAzraya hai isaliye usakA jJAna to lakSaNA vRtti se, binA use lakArArtha mAne hI, ho jAyegA / ata: "ananyalabhyaH zabdArthaH" isa nyAya ke anusAra 'kartA' ko lakArArtha mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ina mImAMsakoM ke anusAra kisI vizeSa prayojana ko pUrA karane kI icchA se utpanna kriyAviSayaka mAnasika pravRtti hI vyApAra' hai / isa mAnasika pravRtti ko mImAMsakoM ne 'prArthI bhAvanA' nAma diyA hai / yaha 'vyApAra' yA 'prArthI bhAvanA' kriyA pada ke 'pAkhyAta' (lakAra) graMza kA vAcya artha hai kyoMki AkhyAta sAmAnyatayA 'vyApAra kA vAcaka hai| dra0 -"prayojanecchAjanitakriyAviSayavyApAra prArthI bhaavnaa| sA ca AkhyAtatvAMzena ucyate / prAkhyAtasAmAnyasya vyApAravAcitvAt" (arthasaMgraha 8) / 'yatnaH' iti naiyAyikAH- naiyAyika vidvAn 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha mAnate haiM tathA 'lakAra' kA artha 'kRti' athavA 'yatna' mAnate haiN| isa mata kI bhI carcA tathA isakA khaNDana Upara dhAtvartha-vicAra ke prakaraNa meM vistAra se kiyA jA cukA hai / dra0--"yattu tArkikAH phalavyApArau dhAtvarthaH / lakArANAM kRtAveva zaktiauravAt'--- ityAdi (pR0 160-172) / yuktaM caitat-apane mata kI puSTi meM naiyAyika yaha kahate haiM ki 'lakAra' kA vAcyArtha, vaiyAkaraNa mata ke anusAra, 'kartA', athavA mImAMsaka mata ke anusAra, 'vyApAra' mAnane me gaurava hai / parantu naiyAyikoM ke mata ke anusAra 'kRti' (yatna) artha mAnane meM lAghava hai| yadi lakAroM kA artha 'kartA' mAnA gayA to, kartA 'kRti' se yukta hotA hai isalie, pratyeka 'kartA' ke anusAra 'kRti' bhinna bhinna rUpa meM upasthita hogii| ananta rUpoM meM 'kRti' kA upasthita honA hI gaurava hai / 'kRti' artha mAnane meM yaha gaurava (vistAra) kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha nirNaya doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki sabhI 'kRtiyoM' meM kRtitva jAti ke eka hone ke kAraNa use vAcyArthatA kA AdhAra mAnane meM lAghava banA hI rahatA hai / isake atirikta 'kartA' ko vAcyArtha mAnane kA artha hai ' kRtimAn' ko vAcya mAnanA / isaliye 'kRti' kI apekSA 'kRtimAna' ke 'guru' hone ke kAraNa bhI 'kartA' ko vAcyArtha mAnane meM gaurava hai / sAtha hI vAkya ke prathamA vibhaktyanta pada se hI 'kartA' ke bodha hojAne ke kAraNa, "ananya labhyaH zabdArthaH" isa nyAya ke anusAra bhI, 'lakAra' kA artha 'kartA' nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / isI prakAra, mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra, 'vyApAra' ko 'lakAra' kA vAcyArtha mAnane meM bhI gaurava hai kyoMki 'vyApAra' kI paribhASA kI gayI hai-" dhAtvarthaphala - janakatve sati dhAtuvAcyatvam", arthAt dhAtu ke artha 'phala' kA utpAdaka hote hue jo dhAtuvAcya ho vaha 'vyApAra' hai / isaliye 'vyApAra' ko vAcyArtha mAnane kA abhiprAya hai eka itanI lambI paribhASA 'lakAra' ke artha ke sAtha sadA cipaTI rhe| isa rUpa meM vAcyArthatA kA AkAra lambA yA guru hone ke kAraNa 'vyApAra' ko vAcyArtha mAnane meM gaurava hai / 'kRti' ko lakArArtha mAnane meM isa prakAra kA koI bhI doSa nahIM AtA / ataH lAghava ke kAraNa 'kRti' jAti athavA 'yatna' ko 'lakAra' kA artha mAnanA hI yukta hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yatnatvasyaiva zakyatAvacchedakatvAt - 'zakya' arthAt vAcyArtha kA vaha asAdhAraNa 'dharma' jo kevala vAcya artha meM hI rahatA ho use 'zakyatAvacchedaka' kahA jaaegaa| jaise'ghaTa' zabda kA zakyatAvacchedaka dharma 'ghaTatva' hai kyoMki 'ghaTatva' kevala ghaTa meM hI rahatA hai / isI rUpa meM yahAM 'yatnatA' hI 'lakAra' kA zakyatAvacchedaka dharma hai / 1. kAprazu0 - zaktyatA / 2. 0 3. ha0 - lakArasyaiva / 4. ha0 - bahu | 5. ha0 - anurodhAd / ' dazalakArasAdhAraNam / 265 ['lakAra' ko hI vAcaka mAnanA yukta haiM usake sthAna para Ane vAle 'tip' zrAdi 'zrAdezoM' ko nahIM ] zaktatAvacchedakaM ca lakArasAdhAraNaM latvam eva / 'bhavati' ityAdau ca prAdezena prAdezino lasyaiva smaraNAd anvayadhIH / grAdezeSu bahaSu zaktikalpane gauravAt, tadasmaraNe ca zaktibhramAd eva pranvayadhIH / 'caitro gantA', 'gato grAmaH' ityAdI sAmAnAdhikaraNyAnurodhena yathAyathaM kartRkarmaNI kRvAcye / na caiva "laTaH zatRzAna cau0 " ( pA0 3.2.124 ) ityanena zatRzAnacor prAdezatvAt For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 266 www.kobatirth.org 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA kathaM kartari zaktiH ? prAdezizaktyA nirvAha eva grAdezazaktyakalpanAt / 'caitraH pacan ' ityAdau sAmAnAdhikaraNayAnurodhAd pradezizaktyA anirvAhAd gratra grAdeze'pi zakti: / vAcakatA kA 'avacchedaka' sabhI 'lakAroM' meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se rahane vAlA 'latva' hI hai / 'bhavati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM ('lakAra' ke) 'pradeza' ('tib' Adi) ke dvArA 'pradezI' ('sthAnI') 'lakAra' ke smaraNa hone se granvaya ( zAbdabodha) kA jJAna hotA hai / aneka 'AdezoM' ('tib' prAdi) meM vAcakatA 'zakti' mAnane meM gaurava hone se ( lakAroM kI vAcakatA hI yukta hai) / usa ( 'sthAnI lakAra') ke smaraNa na hone para ('tib' Adi meM ) vAcakatA zakti kA bhrama ho jAne ke kAraNa hI zAbdabodha hotA hai / 'caitro gantA' (caitra jAne vAlA hai) tathA 'gato grAmaH' (gAMva jAyA gayA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM donoM ('caitra' tathA 'gantA' aura 'gataH ' tathA 'grAmaH) padoM kA samAna adhikaraNa hone ke kAraNa kramazaH 'kartA' tathA 'karma' 'kRt' ('tRc' tathA 'kta' pratyayoM) ke vAcya haiM - aisA mAnane para "laTaH zatRzAnacAvaprathamA samAnAdhikaraNe" isa sUtra se ('lakAra' ke sthAna para) 'zatR ' tathA 'zAnac' pradeza kiye jAne ke kAraNa ('zatR' tathA ' zAnac meM) 'kartA' ko kahane ko 'zakti' kisa prakAra hai - yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki 'Adeza' meM 'zakti' ke prabhAva kI kalpanA vahIM kI jAtI hai jahAM 'sthAnI' meM kalpita 'zakti' ke dvArA kAma nahIM calatA / 'caitraH pacan ' ( pakAtA huA caitra) ityAdi ( ' zatR' Adi pratyayoM se niSpanna prayogoM) meM samAna adhikaraNatA (prabhedAnvaya) ke anurodha se, 'sthAnI' ('lakAra') kI vAcakatA - 'zakti' ke dvArA ( zAbdabodha rUpa kArya ke) nirvAha na hone ke kAraNa, yahAM ('lakAra') ke 'pradeza' ('zatru') meM bhI vAcakatA 'zakti' kI kalpanA kara lI gayI / zaktatAvacchedakaM anvayadhIH naiyAyika vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki sabhI 'lakAroM meM rahane vAlI jo 'latva' jAti hai vahI zaktatAvacchedaka hai tathA 'kRti' (yatna) jAti rUpa artha zakyatAvacchedaka hai / 'lakAra' ke sthAna para Ane vAle, ' tip' prAdi, 'Adeza' unake mata meM artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiN| isa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM yaha vistAra se batAyA kA hai ki vaiyAkaraNa 'tip' Adi 'pradezoM' ko hI vAcaka mAnate haiM - usake 'sthAnI' 'lakAra' ko nhiiN| vahIM isa bAta ko bhI carcA kI gayI hai ki naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi meM 'sthAnI lakAra' hI artha kA vAcaka hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi se aneka yuktiyAM prastuta karake naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ naiyAyikoM kA prasaMga hone ke kAraNa punaH unakI dRSTi se isa siddhAnta ko prastuta kiyA jArahA hai / 1 hu0 - zakteH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 267 'zakta' kA abhiprAya hai vAcaka zabda athavA pada, jisameM vAcakatA zakti rahatI hai / usa 'zakta' (pada) ke asAdhAraNa 'dharma' ko zaktatA kahA jAtA hai| yaha zaktA padoM kI varNanupUrvI athavA vargoM ke paurvAparya meM rahatI hai isaliye varNAnupUrvI kA dharma hI 'zaktatAvacchedaka' kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie ghaTa zabda kI dRSTi se zaktatAvacchedaka dharma hai 'dhaTazabdatva' arthAt gh +a++ meM rahane vAlI jAti / isI prakAra 'lakAra' kA 'zaktatAvakchedaka' hai 'latva' / yahA~ yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki 'bhavati' Adi prayogoM meM jahAM lakAra dikhAI nahIM detA, kevala 'lakAroM' ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'Adeza' ('tib' Adi) hI dikhAI dete haiM, 'kRti' (yatna) artha kA bodha nahIM honA cAhiye kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke anusAra 'tib' Adi 'prAdeza' to 'kRti' ke vAcaka haiM hI nahIM ? isa prAzakA ke uttara meM naiyAyika kA yaha kahanA hai ki 'bhavati' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'yAdeza' 'tib' Adi apane 'sthAnI lakAra' kA smaraNa karAte haiM aura isa rUpa meM una smRta 'lakAroM' se hI artha kA bodha hotA hai| isa taraha ina meM bhI 'lakAra' hI artha ke vAcaka haiM, 'tiba' Adi to kevala unake smAraka mAtra haiN| prAdezeSu bahuSu zakti-kalpane gauravAt-- 'lakAroM' ko hI 'kRti' rUpa artha kA vAcaka mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki, 'sthAnI'-(lakAroM) meM 'latva jAti' ke eka hone ke kAraNa, 'lakAroM' kI vAcakatA ke pakSa meM eka ko vAcaka mAnane se kAma cala jAtA hai| parantu yadi, vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata ke anusAra, 'AdezoM' ko vAcaka mAnA gayA to unake aneka hone ke kAraNa aneka pratyayoM ko vAcaka mAnanA hogA jisameM anAvazyaka gaurava hogaa| tadasmaraNe ca zaktibhramAdeva anvayadhIH--naiyAyikoM ke mata meM yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki jo sAmAnya jana 'sthAnI' tathA 'Adeza' prAdi kI kalpanA se aparicita haiM unheM kaise artha kA bodha hotA hai| ve to kevala 'tib' Adi 'AdezoM ko hI sunate haiM, 'sthAnI lakAra' kA smaraNa yA jJAna unheM hotA hI nhiiN| isa sthiti meM unheM arthajJAna kaise hotA hai| isakA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki ina sAmAnya zrotAoM ko, 'lakAra' kA smaraNa to nahIM hotA parantu unheM, zrU yamANa 'tib' Adi meM vAcakatA 'zakti' vidyamAna hai isa prakAra kA, bhrama ho jAtA hai / isa bhrama ke kAraNa hI unheM 'tiba' Adi se artha kA bodha hotA hai / naiyAyikoM ke 'zaktibhrama' kI carcA Upara bhI ho cukI hai / 'caitro gantA', 'gato grAma:'-- naiyAyika 'lakAra' kA artha 'kRti' (yatna) mAnate haiN| isalie unheM isa prazna kA uttara denA hogA ki kyoM 'caitro gantA' (jAne vAlA caitra) tathA 'gato grAmaH' (gayA huA gA~va) ina prayogoM meM kramazaH 'lakAra'sthAnIya tRca' tathA 'kta' ye 'kRta' pratyaya kramazaH 'kartA aura 'karma' ko kahate haiM, unheM to kevala 'yatna' kA vAcaka honA cAhiye thaa| isI prazna kA uttara naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se yahA~ diyA gayA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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268 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA isa viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA uttara yaha hai ki ina prayogoM meM 'caitra' jo 'kartA' hai usakA tathA 'gantA' kA aura isI prakAra 'grAma' jo 'karma' hai usakA tathA 'gata' kA 'abhedAnvaya' sambandha mAna kara artha-jJAna hotA hai kyoMki aise sthaloM para nimna paribhASA upasthita huA karatI hai - " samAna vibhaktikanAmArthayorabhedAnvayaH ", arthAt samAna vibhakti vAle do 'prAtipadikArthI' kA abheda sambandha se hI granvaya hotA hai bheda sambandha se nahIM / isa abhedAnvaya ke kAraNa ina prayogoM meM kramazaH 'kartA' tathA 'karma' ina pratyayoM ke vAcyArtha banate haiM / na caivaM "laTaH zatazAnacau" 0 'zaktiH -- naiyAyikoM ke mata meM eka prazna aura yaha upasthita hotA hai ki jaba 'lakAroM' kA artha 'kRti' hai to 'lakAra' ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'zatru', zAnac' pratyayoM kA vAcya artha 'kartA' kyoM hai / isa prazna kA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA hai ki 'grAdeza' meM vAcakatA 'zakti' ke prabhAva kI kalpanA usI sthiti meM kI jAtI hai ki jaba 'sthAnI' kI vAcakatA 'zakti' se kAma cala jAtA ho / jaise - 'tiGanta' prayogoM meM / 'caitraH pacan' ityAdi 'zatR' tathA 'zAnac' pratyayAnta zabdoM meM dUsare taraha kI sthiti hai| yahAM 'pacan' tathA 'caitra:' meM, pUrvokta paribhASA ke anusAra, samAna adhikaraNatA mAne jAne ke kAraNa 'pradezI' arthAt 'sthAnI' kI vAcakatA 'zakti' se kArya nahIM cala pAtA kyoMki vaha 'zakti' to 'yatna' ko kahatI hai, caitra ko nahIM kahatI / isaliye 'caitraH pacan' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'Adeza' meM bhI vAcakatA 'zakti' kI kalpanA kara lenI cAhiye / 'Adeza' meM vidyamAna yaha 'zakti' 'kartA' ko kaha skegii| ['lava' tathA 'Atmanepadatva' rUpa 'zaktiyoM meM antara ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir iyAMstu vizeSaH -- latvena yatne zakti: grAtmanepadatvena phale / 'maitreNa gamyate grAmaH' ityAdau "maitravRttikRtijanyagamanajanya-phalazAlI grAmaH" ityanvayabodhA't / kRtizcAtra tRtIyArtha: / janyatvaM saMsargaH / maitraH kRtau vizeSaNam, sA ca gamane, tacca phale, tacca grAme' / itanA antara to hai ki 'yatna' (ko kahane) meM (vAcakatA zakti) 'latva' rUpa se hai tathA 'phala' (ko kahane) meM 'grAtmanepadatva' rUpa se kyoMki 'maitreNa gamyate grAmaH' (maitra ke dvArA gA~va jAyA jAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "maitra meM rahane vAlI 'kRti' (yatna) se utpanna jo gamana rUpa 'vyApAra' usase utpanna hone vAle (saMyoga rUpa ) 'phala' kA prAya grAma" isa prakAra kA zAbdabodha hotA hai / yahA~ 'kRti' ('maitra' zabda meM prayukta) tRtIyA vibhakti kA artha hai tathA 1. ha0 meM 'anvayabodhAt' ke sthAna para kevala 'bodha' pATha hai / 2. ha0 - vRttizcAtra / 3. ha0 grAme iti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 266 ('kRti-janya' evaM 'gamana-janya' ina donoM meM vidyamAna) 'janyatA' (sambandha) 'AkAMkSA' se pratIta hotI hai / 'maitra' 'kRti' (yatna) kA vizeSaNa hai, vaha ('kRti') gamana (rUpa 'vyApAra') meM (vizeSaNa hai) aura vaha (gamana rUpa 'vyApAra') 'phala' (maitra tathA grAma kA 'saMyoga') meM (vizeSaNa hai) tathA vaha ('phala') grAma meM vizeSaNa hai| karmavAcya ke 'maitreNa gamyate grAmaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'lakAra' se hI 'yatna' tathA 'phala' donoM kI pratIti hote dekha kara unameM donoM artho ke liye bhinna bhinna vAcakatA 'zakti' ke nirNaya ke liye naiyAyikoM ne yaha vyavasthA dI ki ina prayogoM meM 'yatna' (kRti) kA vAcaka to 'latva' hai parantu 'phala' kA vAcaka usakA 'pAtmanepadatva' hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM 'lakAra' kevala 'kRti' kA vAcaka hai-vahA~ ke 'prAtmanepadatva' tathA 'parasmaipadatva' meM vAcakatA 'zakti' nahIM mAnI jaaygii| isaliye yahA~ 'pAtmanepadatva' se vaha 'pAtmanepadatA' abhipreta hai jo karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM upasthita hotI hai / kartRvAcya kI prakriyA meM prayukta hone vAle 'lakAroM ke prAtmanepadIya prayogoM ke liye yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA rahI hai| kartRvAcya meM to 'parasmaipadatva' tathA 'Atmanepadatva' donoM hI kevala 'kRti' ke hI vAcaka haiM, 'phala' ke nhiiN| [kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM zAbdabodha kA svarUpa] 'grAmaM gacchati maitraH' ityatra tu 'grAma-vRtti-phala-janakagamanAnukUla-kRtimAn-maitraH' iti bodhaH / phalaM ca dvitiiyaarthH| janakatvaM saMsargaH / grAmazcAtra phale vizeSaNam / tad gamane, tacca kRtau, sA maitre iti vizeSyavizeSaNabhAvabhedenaiva karmakartR sthalIyabodhayovizeSaH / tAvantaH padArthAstUbhayatraiva tulyAH / / 'grAma' gacchati maitraH' (maitra gA~va ko jAtA hai) isa (kartRvAcya ke prayoga) meM to "grAma meM rahane vAle (saMyoga rUpa) 'phala' ke utpAdaka gamana ('vyApAra') ke anukUla (janaka) 'yatna' se yukta maitra" yaha (zAbda) bodha hotA hai / (saMyoga rUpa) 'phala' dvitIyA (vibhakti) kA artha hai| (phalajanaka tathA gamanAnukUla meM) 'janakatA' (athavA anukUlatA rUpa) sambandha hai| yahA~ 'grAma' 'phala' (saMyoga) meM vizeSaNa hai, vaha ('phala') gamana ('vyApAra') meM (vizeSaNa hai) aura gamana ('vyApAra') 'kRti' kA (vizeSaNa hai) tathA vaha ('kRti') maitra kA (vizeSaNa hai)| isa prakAra vizeSya-vizeSaNa-bhAva ko bhinnatA ke kAraNa hI kartRvAcya tathA karmavAcya ke prayogoM ke zAbda-bodha meM bhinnatA A jAtI hai| utane padArtha For Private and Personal Use Only

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270 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ('AkhyAta' ke artha 'yatna', 'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAla' Adi aura dhAtu ke artha 'phala' tathA vyApAra') to donoM hI (kartRvAcya tathA karmavAcya ke prayogoM) meM samAna haiN| vizeSya-vizeSaraNabhAvabhedena :-karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM kRti' vizeSya hotI hai tathA 'kartA' usakA vizeSaNa banatA hai| jaise-'maitreNa gamyate grAmaH' isa vAkya ke zAbdabodha meM maitraniSTha 'yatna' kI pratIti hotI hai jisa meM 'maitra' vizeSaNa tathA 'yatna' vizeSya hai / parantu kartRvAcya ke prayogoM meM isase bhinna vizeSya-vizeSaNabhAva hotA hai| yahA~ 'kartA' vizeSya tathA 'kRti' usakA vizeSaNa banatI hai| jaise-'grAma gacchati maitraH' meM "grAmaniSTha jo 'phala' (saMyoga) usake janaka (gamana 'vyApAra') ke anukUla jo 'kRti' usase viziSTa maitra" kI pratIti hotI hai| yahA~ 'kRti' maitra kA vizeSaNa hai aura maitra usakA vizeSya / isa vizeSya-vizeSaraNabhAva kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa ina donoM sthaloM ke zAbdabodha meM bhI bhinnatA A jAtI hai| naiyAyika kI isa vyavasthA kA saMkSipta abhiprAya yaha hai ki kartRvAcya meM 'kRti' 'lakAra' kA artha hai tathA 'phala' dvitIyA vibhakti kA artha hai| karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM 'phala' 'lakAra' kA, 'kRti' tRtIyA-vibhakti kA tathA 'vyApAra' dhAtu kA artha hai / parantu yaha sArI vyavasthA, yahA~ ke prArambhika kathana- "kRti kA vAcaka 'latva' hai tathA 'phala' kA vAcaka 'prAtmanepadatva" - tathA naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta vAkya -- "phala' tathA 'vyApAra' dhAtu ke artha hote haiM aura 'yatna' 'lakAra' kA artha hotA haiM" ---- ina donoM kI dRSTi se, sarvathA asaMgata evaM asambaddha pratIta hotI hai kyoMki eka sthAna para 'phala' ko dhAtu kA artha tathA 'kRti' ko 'lakAra' kA artha kahA jA rahA hai to dUsarI jagaha 'kRti' ko dvitIyA athavA tRtIyA vibhakti kA artha mAnA jA rahA hai aura 'phala' ko 'lakAra' kA athavA 'pAtmanepadatva' kA artha kahA jA rahA hai| [karmavAcya tathA kartRvAcya ke kucha aura prayoga] 'maitreNa jJAyate, iSyate, kriyate ghaTaH' ityAdau tu vRttistR- . tIyAyAH, viSayatA tvAkhyAtasya arthaH / 'maitravRttijJAnaviSayo ghaTaH' iti bodhaH / 'ghaTaM jAnAti maitraH' ityAdau tu viSayatA dvitIyAyAH AzrayatvaM cAkhyAtasya arthaH / 'ghaTaviSayakajJAnAzrayo maitraH' iti bodhaH / 'maitreNa jJAyate, iSyate, kriyate ghaTaH' (maitra ke dvArA ghar3A jAnA jAtA hai, cAhA jAtA hai, banAyA jAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'vRtti' (tanniSThatA) tRtIyA (vibhakti) kA artha hai aura 'viSayatA' (viSaya banAnA); 'yAkhyAta' kA artha hai / "maitra meM ('samavAya' sambandha se) rahane vAle jJAna kA viSaya ghaTa hai" For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 201 yaha zAbdabodha hotA hai| 'ghaTaM jAnAti maitraH' (maitra ghar3e ko jAnatA hai) ityAdi (kartRvAcya ke prayogoM) meM to viSayatA' (viSaya honA) dvitIyA (vibhakti) kA artha hai tathA AzrayatA ('vRtti' athavA 'tanniSThatA') 'pAkhyAta' ('lakAra') kA artha hai / "ghaTa viSayaka jo jJAna usakA Azraya maitra" yaha zAbdabodha hotA hai| [kAla kI dRSTi se 'lakAroM' ke bhinna bhinna artha] kAlazcAtIta-vartamAna-anAgatAtmA yathAyathaM laDAde rarthaH / laTaH, 'bhavati' ityAdau, vartamAnatvam; laG-luGa -liTAm'abhavat', 'abhUt' 'babhUva ityAdau, bhUtakAlaH; luGluToH 'bhavitA', 'bhaviSyati' ityAdau, bhaviSyat kAlaH / liGaloTa-leTAm,- 'bhavet', 'bhavatu', agneyo'STAkapAlo bhavati' ityAdau-vidhiH / saGa khyA ca kevalArthaH / leTastu chandasyeva prayogaH / tatra dIrghatvamapi vikalpena 'bhavati', 'bhavAti' iti darzanAt / "bhUta', 'vartamAna' (tathA) 'bhaviSyat' rUpa kAla yathAyogya 'laT' Adi 'lakAroM' kA artha hai / 'bhavati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'laT' (lakAra) kA 'vartamAna' kAla; 'abhavat', 'abhUta' tathA 'babhUva' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (kramazaH) 'luGa', 'laG' tathA 'liT' (lakAroM) kA 'bhUta' kAla tathA 'bhavitA', 'bhaviSyati ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (kramazaH) 'luTa' tathA 'lUTa' (lakAroM) kA 'bhaviSyat' kAla artha hai / 'bhavet', 'bhavatu' tathA 'Agneyo'STAkapAlo bhavati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (kramazaH) 'liGa', 'loT' tathA leT' (lakAroM) kA vidhi' (pravartanA) artha hai| kevala 'saMkhyA' bhI (kahIM kahIM 'lakAroM' kA) artha hotA hai| leT (lakAra) kA (kevala) veda (veda tathA brAhmaNa granthoM) meM hI prayoga hotA hai / vahA~ ('leT' lakAra ke prayogoM meM) vikalpa se dIrghatva bhI hotA hai kyoMki 'bhavati', 'bhavAti' (isa prakAra ke donoM taraha ke prayoga) dekhe jAte haiM / bhinna bhinna 'lakAroM' ke jina jina arthoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ve bahuta ho prasiddha artha haiM tathA prAcArya pANini ne bhI unhIM arthoM meM ina 'lakAroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| 'leT' kI sthiti pANini ne bhI chandas arthAt veda meM hI mAnI hai / dra0-, "lirthe leT" (3.4.7), / 'leT' lakAra ke prayogoM meM do prakAra kI sthiti pAyI jAtI hai-kahIM 'dhAtu' tathA 'liG' ke bIca 'yA' pAyA jAtA hai to kahIM 'a'| isIkAraNa pANini ne "leTo'DATau' (3.4.64) sUtra bnaayaa| isI bAta ko yahA~ 'dIrghatva-vikalpa' kaha kara saMketita kiyA gayA hai| 'leT' ke prayogoM kI kucha aura bhI vizeSatAyeM haiM jinakA nirdeza pANini ne apane "prAta ai", "vaito'nyatra", "itazca lopaH parasmaipadeSu" tathA "sa uttamasya" For Private and Personal Use Only

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272 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ina sUtroM (pA0 3.4.65-68) meM kiyA hai| parantu yahA~ saMkSepa meM kevala 'dIrghatvavikalpa' kA hI saMketa kiyA gyaa| ['vartamAna' prAdi kAloM kA anvaya 'kRti' (yatna) athavA 'vyApAra' meM hI hotA hai] tatra vyApArAdibodhakena laTA vartamAnatvaM vyApArAdAveva bodhyate / 'pacati' ityAdito vartamAna-pAkAnukUlavyApAravAn iti bodhAt / evam anyatrApi / vyApArabodhaka-yAkhyAtajanya-vartamAnatva-prakAraka-bodhe AkhyAta janyavyApAropasthiterhetutva-kalpAnAt nAtiprasaGagaH / vahA~ ('laT' lakAra ke prayogoM meM) 'vyApAra' ('kRti' athavA yatna) Adi ke bodhaka 'laT' (lakAra) ke dvArA 'vartamAna' kAla kA bodha ('lakAra' ke artha) 'vyApAra' (kRti') meM hI hotA hai kyoMki 'pacati' ityAdi (prayogoM) se pAka (rUpa 'phala') ke janaka 'vartamAna'-kAlIna 'yatna' (puruSaniSTha 'vyApAra') kA bodha hotA hai / isI prakAra anya 'lakAroM' meM bhI ('kAla' kA sambandha 'lakAra' ke artha 'kRti' meM hI) hotA hai| (dhAtu ke artha 'phala' yA 'vyApAra' meM 'vataMmona' kI) 'ativyApti' isaliye nahIM hotI ki (puruSaniSTha) 'vyApAra' ('kati') ke bodhaka 'pAkhyAta' ('lakAra') kA artha 'vartamAnatA' hai vizeSaNa jisameM aise jJAna meM 'pAkhyAta' ('lakAra') se utpanna hone vAlI 'vyApAra' kI upasthiti (kati' kA jJAna) hI kAraNa mAnI gayI hai| yahAM 'vyApAra' zabda kA prayoga 'lakAra' ke vAcyArtha 'kRti' athavA puruSa meM hone vAle 'yatna' (vyApAra) ke liye kiyA gayA hai kyoMki aneka sthaloM meM 'yatna' tathA 'vyApAra' ko paryAya mAnA gayA hai / parantu suspaSTa jJAna ke liye yaha ucita thA ki nAgeza yahAM 'kRti' athavA 'yatna' zabda kA hI prayoga karate / 'vyApAra' zabda ke prayoga se pAThaka ko nizcita hI pahale dhAtu ke arthabhUta 'vyApAra' kA bhrama hotA hai| yahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki naiyAyikoM ke mata meM vartamAna Adi kAla kA anvaya athavA sambandha sadA hI, dhAtu ke arthabhUta 'vyApAra' meM na hokara, 'lakAra' ke vAcyArtha 'kRti' ('yatna' athavA puruSa-niSTha 'vyApAra') meM hI hotA hai kyoMki pAkAnukUla 'vyApAra' (cAvala kA ubalanA Adi) ke vartamAna kAla meM hote hue bhI yadi vahAM puruSa kA yatna nahIM dikhAI detA to 'pacati' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tulanA karo :"pacatItyAdau kRtyAdirUpa-vyApAra-bodhaka-pratyayopasthApya-kAlaH tAdRza-vyApAra eva anveti na tu kriyAyAm / yadA puruSo vyApArazUnya: tadadhIna-agnisaMyogAdirUpaH pacyAdeH artho vidyate tadA 'ayaM na pacati' iti vyavahArAt" (vyutpattivAda, pR0 338) / 1. nisa0, kAprazu0--prakAra / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 273 ['jJA' prAvi dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM vicAra] vyApArAbodhaka-jJAdhAtvAdisamabhivyAhRta - grAkhyAtajanyavartamAnatva-prakAraka-bodhe tu tAdRzadhAtujanyopasthitirhetuH / kAryatAkAra gaNatAvacchedikA ca pratyAsattyA viSayatA eveti nAtiprasaGagaH / 'jAnAti', 'icchati', 'yatate' ityAdau vartamAnatvAzrayajJAnAzrayatvAdibodhasyaiva anubhAvikatvAt / 'jJA' Adi dhAtuoM ke (niyata) samIpavartI tathA (puruSaniSTa 'yatna' rUpa) 'vyApAra' kA bodha na karAne vAle 'lakAra' se utpanna jJAna meM, jisameM 'vartamAnatA' vizeSaraNa hai, usa prakAra ke artha vAle dhAtu se utpanna artha kAraNa hotA hai| mamIpa hone se kAyaMtA tathA kAraNatA kA avacchedaka sambandha 'viSayatA' hI hai| isaliye kAla meM prativyApti (rUpa doSa) nahIM hogA kyoMki 'jAnAti' (jAnatA hai), 'icchati' (icchA karatA hai) tathA 'yatate' (prayatna karatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'vartamAnatva hai Azraya jisakA aise (vartamAna-kAlika) jJAna kI prAzrayatA Adi (evaM 'vartamAna' kAlika 'icchA' tathA 'prayatna' kI AzrayatA) kA jJAna hotA hai - aisA (saba kA) anubhava hai| 'jAnAti', 'icchati' tathA 'yatate' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'jJA', 'iccha' tathA 'yat' dhAtuoM kA kramazaH 'jJAnamAtra', 'icchAmAtra' tathA 'prayatna mAtra' artha hai| inameM hI 'phalatva' tathA 'vyApAratva' kA Aropa kara liyA jAtA hai / isaliye jJAnarUpa 'phala' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa 'viSayatA' athavA 'phalatA' ke 'avacchedaka' (AdhArabhUta) sambandha se 'ghaTa' prAdi jJAna ke 'karma' haiM tathA isI prakAra jJAnarUpa (puruSaniSTha) 'vyApAra' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa 'vyApAratA' ke avacchedaka sambandha se ghaTa Adi ke jJAtA caitra Adi jJAna ke 'kartA' haiN| aise sthaloM meM 'grAkhyAta' ('lakAra') kI vAcakatA 'zakti' 'kRti' (yatna) meM na mAna kara 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ke Azraya meM 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAtI hai kyoMki ina prayogoM meM jJAnAnukUla 'kati' kA bodha na hokara 'pAzraya' kA bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra ina bAtuoM meM prayukta 'pAkhyAta' (lakAra) "kRti' rUpa 'vyApAra' ke bodhaka nahIM haiM / parantu 'pAkhyAta' ke artha 'pAzraya' meM yadi 'vartamAna' kAla kA sambandha mAna liyA gayA to kevala AzrayabhUta ghaTa Adi ke vartamAna kAlika hone para bhI, arthAt ghaTa grAdi-viSayaka jJAna ke na hone para bhI, 'jAnAti' jaise prayoga ho sakeMge jo abhISTa nahIM haiN| isaliye 'jJA' Adi dhAtuoM ke artha 'jJAna' Adi meM 'vartamAna kAla' kA sambandha mAnanA cAhiye / yahA~ jisa 'kAryakAraNabhAva' kI kalpanA kI gaI usakA vizleSaNa yoM 1. ha0, vami0-vyApArabodhaka / 2. ha0-vartamAnAzrayatvAropajJAnAzrayatvAdi - For Private and Personal Use Only

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274 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'jJA' Adi dhAtuoM ke sAtha prayukta 'grAkhyAta' ('lakAra') se utpanna, tathA jisameM 'vartamAnatA' vizeSaNa hai aisA (vartamAnakAlika), jJAna 'kArya' hai aura isa kArya ke prati 'jJA' Adi dhAtuoM se utpanna jJAna yA artha 'kAraNa' hai / kAryatAkAratAvacchedikA- 'kArya' jisa sambandha se apanI utpatti ke sthAna meM rahatA hai usa sambandha kA nAma hai 'kAryatAvacchedaka' / yahAM prAkhyAta se utpanna 'vartamAnakAlika jJAna' rUpa jo 'kArya' hai vaha apane utpatti-sthAna ---'vyApAra rUpa viSaya'--- meM 'viSayatA' athavA dUsare zabdoM meM vizeSyatA sambandha se rahatA hai| isaliye yaha 'viSayatA' sambandha hI yahA~ 'kAryatAvacchedaka' sambandha hai / imI taraha jisa sambandha se 'kAraNa' 'kAyaM' ke sAtha rahatA hai usa sambandha ko 'kAraNatAvacchedaka' kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ dhAtujanya jJAna 'kAraNa' hai| vaha bhI 'viSayatA' sambandha se hI 'vartamAna kAlika jJAna' rUpa 'kArya' ke sAtha rahatA hai / vartamAna kAlika jJAna rUpa 'vyApAra' ('kArya') hai 'viSaya' jisakA aisA dhAtujanya jJAna ('kAraNa') tathA 'dhAtujanya jJAna' hai ('kAraNa') 'viSaya' jisakA aisA vartamAna-kAlika jJAna ('kArya') isa prakAra 'kAryatAvacchedikA' tathA 'kAraNatAvacchedikA' donoM 'viSayatA' hI hai| isa taraha 'viSayatA' sambandha se hI 'kArya' apane utpatti sthAna 'vyApAra' meM hai tathA 'viSayatA' sambandha se hI 'kAraNa' 'kArya' meM hai| yadi yahA~ 'avacchedaka' zabda na rakhA jAya, kevala 'kAryatA' tathA 'kAraNatA' zabdoM kA hI prayoga kiyA jAya, to jisa kisI bhI sambandha se jisameM 'kAraNatA' milegI usake hone para 'vartamAnatva-prakAraka' bodha (vartamAna-kAlika jJAna) hone lgegaa| aura 'kAlika' sambandha se svayaM kAla athavA ghaTa Adi koI bhI kAraNa bana sakatA hai, isa liye isa taraha 'kAlika' sambandha se kAraNa banane vAle jisa kisI kI bhI sattA mAtra se hI vartamAna kAlika jJAna kA bodha hone lagegA, jo abhISTa nahIM hai| isaliye yahA~ mUla meM 'kAryatA' tathA 'kAraNatA' ke sAtha 'abacchedaka' zabda jor3A gayA tathA use 'viSayatA' se sambaddha kara diyA gyaa| aba 'kAla' yA 'ghaTa' prAdi 'viSayatA' sambandha se 'kAraNa' nahIM hai. isaliye kevala inake hone se hI vartamAna kAlika 'jJAna' kA bodha nahIM hogA apitu 'viSayatA' sambandha se upasthita hone vAle dhAtujanya jJAna ke hone para hI usa prakAra kA bodha hogA / isaliye 'kAla' athavA 'ghaTa' Adi meM ativyApti doSa nahIM paataa| yahA~ vyutpattivAda ke lekhaka gadAdharabhaTTa ne itanA aura kahA hai ki yadi jJAna Adi se viziSTa AzrayatA meM 'vartamAna' kAla kA sambandha mAna kara isa atiprasakti doSa kA nivAraNa kiyA gayA to bhI vizeSaNabhUta jJAna Adi meM to 'vartamAna' kAla kA sambandha anivAryataH mAnanA hI par3atA hai| isaliye dhAtvartha rUpa jJAna se hI 'vartamAnatA' ko sambaddha karanA ucita hai / dra0-"vyApArAbodhakena ca laDAdipratyayena kriyAyAmeva vartamAnatvAnvayo bodhyate jAnAtItyAdau / na tu lddrthaashrytvaadii| jJAnAdyasatve'pi tadAzrayatvAsambandhe sati jAnAtItyAdiprayogApatteH / jJAnAdiviziSTe pAzrayatvAdau kAlAnvayam upagamya atiprasaGgavAraNe vizeSo jJAnAdAvapi tadanvayasya Avazyakatve tasyaiva svIkAraucityAt" / (vyuvA0 pR0, 340-341) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 275 ['laTa' se kisa prakAra 'vartamAna' kAla tathA 'grAzrayatA' donoM kA bodha hotA hai aura 'vartamAna kAla' kA kyA abhiprAya hai ina praznoM kA uttara] tatra laTA zaktyA vartamAnatvaM lakSaNayA pAzrayatva bodhyate iti vizeSaH / laTA svAdhikaraNakAlopAdhispanda eva vartamAnaH pratyAyyate / vartamAnasAmIpye vihitena tu svAnadhikaraNa-samIpavartI tAdRzakAlaH / tatrApi zaktilakSaNA vA ityanyad etat / vahAM 'laTa' ke dvArA 'zakti' (abhidhA) se vartamAna kAla tathA lakSaNA' ke dvArA 'pAzrayatA' kA bodha hotA hai yaha vizeSatA hai / apanA ('laT' lakAra ke uccAraNa kA) AdhAra bhUta kAla hai vizeSaNa jisa meM aisI kriyA rUpa 'vartamAnatA' hI 'laT' lakAra ke dvArA jJAta hotI hai| vartamAna ke sAmIpya meM vihita ('laT' lakAra) ke dvArA to apane uccAraNa kA jo AdhAra nahIM hai aise ('bhUta' athavA 'bhaviSyat' kAla ke samIpavartI 'vartamAna' (kAla) kI pratIti hotI hai| yahAM bhI 'laT' meM 'abhidhA' tth| 'lakSaNA' vRtti mAnI jAye-- yaha dUsarI bAta hai| laTA vizeSaH- 'jAnAti' jaise sthaloM meM, jahAM 'vartamAna' kAla tathA 'kRti' ke Azraya donoM kA bodha hotA hai, naiyAyika 'laT' ke do artha mAnate haiM - eka abhidheya tathA dUsarA lakSya / vartamAnatA' rUpa artha abhidheya hai tathA 'pAzrayatA' rUpa artha lakSya hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zakyArtha ke bAdhita ho jAne para hI lakSaNA vRtti upasthita hotI hai, isaliye ye donoM abhidheya tathA lakSya artha eka sAtha kaise upasthita hoMge kyoMki 'gaGgAyAM mInaghoSau staH' (gaGgA meM machalI aura ghoSa haiM) jaise prayogoM meM eka sAtha hI jala-pravAha rUpa vAcyArtha tathA taTa rUpa lakSyArthaM donoM kA bodha dekhA jAtA hai| svAdhikaraNakAlopAdhispandaH ... 'laT' lakAra jisa 'vartamAna' kAla kA bodha karAtA hai usakI paribhASA karate hue yaha kahA gayA ki 'laTa' lakAra kA jisa AdhAra bhUta kAla meM uccAraNa kiyA gayA vaha 'svAdhikaraNa' kAla hI jisa kriyA ('spanda',) kI upAdhi arthAt bizeSaNa, hai usa tatkAla-viziSTa kriyA ko hI yahAM 'vartamAna' mAnA gayA hai| vartamAna-sAmIpye vihitena...tadRzakAla:--parantu "vartamAna-sAmIpye vartamAnavad vA" (pA0 3.3.131) isa sUtra se jisa 'laT lakAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA usase 'vartamAna' kAla ke samIpavartI 'bhUta' tathA 'bhaviSyat' kAla meM hone vAlI kriyA kA bodha hotA hai| isaliye usa 'laT' lakAra ke viSaya meM 'svAdhikaraNakAlopAdhispandaH' kI bAta nahIM saGgata ho paatii| vahAM vaktA jisa samaya 'laT' lakAra kA uccAraNa kara rahA hotA hai yA to usa se pahale hI kriyA ho cukI hotI hai athavA usa kAla ke bAda kriyA hone vAlI hotI hai| jaba 'kadA Agato bhavAm ?' (Apa kaba Aye ?) isa prazna ke uttara meM 'eSa prAgacchAmi' (abhI pAtA hU~) kahA jAtA hai to vahAM 'pAnA' kriyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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276 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-ladhu-maMjUSA kucha pahale ho cukI hotI hai / tathA isI taraha 'kadA gamiSyasi' (kaba jAnoge ?) isa prazna ke uttara meM jaba 'eSa gacchAmi' (abhI jAtA hU~) kahA jAtA hai taba vahAM 'jAnA' kriyA ho nahIM rahI hotI, apitu kahane ke bAda hone vAlI hotI hai| ata: isa vartamAna ke sAmIpya meM vihita 'laT' se jisa kAla kA jJAna hotA hai usake nirdeza ke liye "svAnadhikaraNa-samIpavartI tAdRzakAlaH' kahA gyaa| yahA~ jo kAla abhipreta hai vaha 'laT' ke uccAraNa kA AdhArabhUta kAla nahIM hai, arthAt usa kAla meM 'laT' kA uccAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA / parantu prAdhAra yA adhikaraNa na hote hue bhI vaha abhipreta kAla uccAraNa ke adhikaraNa kAla ke Asa-pAsa kA hI kAla hotA hai| bahuta adhika pahale kA 'bhUta' athavA bahuta adhika bAda kA 'bhaviSyat' kAla isa 'laTa' se kathita nahIM ho sktaa| isa taraha adhikaraNa na ho kara bhI jo, samIpavartI hone ke kAraNa, 'vartamAna' kAla ke samAna hai usa Asanna 'bhUta' yA 'bhaviSya' kA bodha vartamAna-sAmIpya meM vihita 'laT' ke dvArA hotA hai| tatrApi zaktilakSaNA vA-- vartamAna-sAmIpya meM vihita isa 'laT lakAra ke 'eSa jAnAmi' (abhI jAna letA hUM) jaise prayogoM meM 'laTa' kI 'abhidhA' zakti ke dvArA vartamAna-sAmIpya kA bodha tathA 'lakSaNA' ke dvArA 'pAzrayatA' kA bodha hogA--yaha dUsarI bAta hai| yahAM 'vA' kA artha 'samuccaya' lenA cAhiye, 'vikalpa' nhiiN| [eka hI pada ('laT') se bodhita 'kRti' tathA 'vartamAnatA' ina donoM arthoM meM paraspara anvaya kA prakAra] nanvekapadopasthitayoH kRtivartamAnatvayoH kathaM mitho'nvayaH? tatpadajanyazAbdabodhe padAntarajanyopasthiterhetutvAt / kAryatAvacchedikA ca pratyAsattiH prkaartaa| kAraNatAvacchedikA ca vishessyteti| anyathA haripadArthayoH daNDenetyAdau ca karaNatvaikatvayoH mitho'nvayApatta: / maivam / tattatpadAnyatvasya uktavyutpattau pravezAt / katham anyathA evakArArthayoranyayogavyavacchedayoH mitho'nvayaH ? eka pada ('laTa') se bodhita 'kRti' tathA 'vartamAnatA' meM paraspara anvaya kisa prakAra hogA ? kyoMki usa pada se utpanna 'zAbdabodha' ke prati (kisI) anya pada se utpanna artha kAraNa hotA hai / 'kAryatA' kA avacchedaka (sambandha) 'prakAratA' (vizeSaNatA) hai tathA 'kAraNatA' kA avacchedaka (sambandha) 'vizeSyatA' hai| anyathA (eka pada se upasthApita do artho meM anvaya svIkAra kara lene para) 'hari' zabda ke do arthoM (azva tathA indra) kA (prAdhArAdheyabhAva sambandha se) For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya tathA 'daNDena' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'karaNatva' tathA 'ekatva' kA paraspara sambandha hone lagegA (yadi yaha kahA jAe to?) aisI bAta nahIM hai / kyoMki (Upara) kathita (usa pada se utpanna 'zAbdabodha' meM dUsare pada kA artha kAraNa hotA hai' isa) vyutpatti meM "una una (jinake apane do artho kA paraspara anvaya abhISTa hai aise sabhI 'laT' tathA 'eva' Adi) padoM se bhinna" (itane aMza) kA praveza ho jaaygaa| anyathA (aisA na karane se) 'evakAra' ke do - 'anyayoga' (bhI) tathA 'vyavaccheda' (hI)-artho meM (abhISTa) pArasparika anvaya kaise hogA? nanu hetutvAt - yahA~ pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM yaha prazna kiyA gayA ki 'kRti' tathA 'vartanAnatA' ina donoM arthoM kA vAcaka yadi eka laTa' pada hI hai to ina donoM arthoM kA paraspara anvaya kaise hogaa| do artho ke pAraparika anvaya ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki donoM meM 'AkAMkSA' ho| eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha ke sAtha, una donoM meM vidyamAna AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa hI, anvaya hotA hai / vastuta: 'yAkAMkSA' ke dvArA hI donoM padArtho ke aise pArasparika sambandha kA patA lagatA hai jisameM eka padArtha 'anuyogI' hotA hai tathA dUsarA 'pratiyogI' / 'jaise-'nIlo ghaTa:' (nIlA ghar3A) isa vAkya meM 'nIlaH' tathA 'ghaTaH' ina donoM padArthoM kA jo parasparika sambandha hai usameM nIla 'pratiyogI' tathA ghaTa 'anuyogI' hai| isa sambandha kA jJAna ina donoM meM vidyamAna, nIla meM ghaTa-viSayaka tathA ghaTa meM nIla-viSayaka, 'AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| do padArthoM kA yaha sambandha kahIM abhinna rUpa meM hotA hai, jaise-Upara ke udAharaNa meM, tathA kahIM bhinna rUpa meM, jaise ----'nIlasya ghaTaH' ityAdi meM jahA~ 'prAdhAra-prAdheyabhAva' yA viSayaviSayibhAva' ityAdi sambandha mAne jAte haiM / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki 'yAkAMkSA' kA padArthoM ke pArasparika anvaya meM pramukha hAtha hai tathA vaha do padoM ke arthoM meM rahatI hai / yahA~ 'kRti' tathA 'vartamAnatA' donoM hI eka pada 'laT' ke artha haiM, isaliye unameM 'pAkA~kSA' nahIM mAnI jA sakatI aura 'AkAMkSA' ke abhAva meM donoM kA anvaya nahIM ho sktaa| gadAdharabhaTTa ne apane vyutpattivAda kA prArambha hI isa niyama vAkya se kiyA :- "zAbdabodhe ca ekapadArthe'parapadArthasya saMsargaH saMsargamaryAdayA bhAsate" (vyuvA0, pR01), arthAt zAbdabodha meM eka padArtha meM dUsare padArtha kA sambandha 'AkAMkSA' se prakaTa hotA hai| kAryatAvacchedikA vizeSyatA :- yahA~ niyama kA jo yaha rUpa hai-"kisI pada se utpanna 'zAbdabodha' rUpa kArya meM usa pada se bhinna pada ke artha kA jJAna kAraNa hotA hai"--usameM 'kAryatA' kA avacchedaka sambandha, (jisa sambandha se kArya apane utpatti sthAna meM rahatA vaha sambandha) 'prakAratA' yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'vizeSaNatA" hai| yahAM sambandha ko hI 'pratyAsatti' kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'kAraNatA' kA 'avacchedaka sambandha' ('kAraNatA' jisa sambandha se apane 'kArya' meM rahatI hai vaha sambandha) 'vizeSyatA' hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki eka pada se utpanna artha vizeSaNa banatA hai tathA usakA vizeSya (viSaya) banatA hai dUsarA padArtha; jo pahale padArtha meM vidyamAna, isa dUsare padArtha-viSayaka, 'AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa upasthita hotA hai| jaise-'nIlo ghaTa:' prayoga meM, 'nIla' padArtha meM vidyamAna ghaTapadArtha-viSayaka 'AkAMkSA' ke kAraNa upasthita hone vAlA 'ghaTa' vizeSya hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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278 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUzA tathA 'nIla' usakA vizeSaNa hai| isI prakAra 'ghaTa padArtha' meM vidyamAna 'nIla'padArthaviSayaka 'yAkAMkSA' ke kAraNa upasthita hone vAlA 'nIla' vizeSya hai tathA 'ghaTa' usakA vizeSaNa / donoM donoM ke vizeSaNa haiM tathA donoM donoM ke vizeSya bhI haiN| isa taraha donoM meM vizeSaNatA kI 'yAkAMkSA' banI hone para bhI donoM meM kevala eka ko, usa padArtha ke jJAta hone ke kAraNa, vizeSaNa mAna liyA jAtA hai tathA dasare ajJAta padArtha ko vizeSya mAnA jAtA hai / anyathA haripadArthayo...."anvayApatte :-- yadi isa niyama ko ki "eka pada se utpanna arthajJAna meM dUsare pada se upasthita hone vAlA artha hetu hotA hai" na mAnA jAya to 'hari' zabda ke do arthoM - ghor3A tathA indra-meM bhI paraspara anvaya mAnanA hogaa| isI taraha 'daNDena' isa prayoga meM tRtIyA vibhakti ke do arthoM - 'karaNatva' tathA 'ekatva' - meM bhI paraspara anvaya svIkAra karanA hogaa| maivam - mitho'nvayaH-parantu naiyAyika isa pUrvapakSa kA uttara yaha detA hai ki isa niyama ko to mAnanA hI cAhiye / parantu kevala kucha sthaloM yA prayogoM ko, jahA~ vyarthaka zabdoM ke apane hI do arthoM kA paraspara anvaya abhISTa hai, isa niyama kA apavAda mAna lenA cAhiye / dUsare zabdoM meM, ukta niyama ko 'tattatpadAnyatva' isa vizeSaNa dvArA kucha saMkucita kara denA cAhiye, arthAt 'lakAra' athavA 'eva' Adi, jina padoM meM eka hI pada ke donoM artho meM anvaya abhISTa hai, se atirikta padoM meM yaha niyama upasthita hogaa| isaliye apavAda ke rUpa meM 'laT' ke do arthoM-'kRti' tathA 'vartamAnatA'---meM paraspara anvaya ho jaaygaa| ['ghiTo nazyati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'laT' ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra] 'ghaTo nazyati' ityAdau vartamAnotpattikatvaM pratiyogitvaM ca laDarthaH / zrAdya nAze prakAraH, dvitIyaM ghaTe prakAraH / 'vartamAnotpattikanAzapratiyogI ghaTa:' iti bodhasya anubhavikatvAt / atra ca vRttidvayasya yugapad bodhakatvaM sarvai reSitavyam / tAdRzotpattikatva pratiyogitvayorarthayoH yugapadeva bodhAt / na ca tAdRzotpattikatvam eva artho'stu / dhAtvarthasya nAzasya ghaTe prAtipAdikArthe sAkSAd anvayAsambhavAt / na ca pratiyogitvameva artho'stu iti vAcyam, ciranaSTe'pi 'nazyatIti' prasaGa gAt / etenAtra vartamAnatvam evArtho notpattirityapAstam / 1. ha.- utpatti For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 276 ___ 'ghaTo nazyati' (ghar3A phUTatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM ('nAza'kI) 'vartamAnakalIna utpatti' tathA 'pratiyogitA' 'laT' ke (ye do) artha haiM / prathama (vartamAnotpattikatA rUpa artha) 'nAza' kA vizeSaraNa hai tathA dUsarA ('pratiyogitA' rUpa artha) 'ghaTa' kA vizeSaraNa hai kyoMki ('ghaTo nazyati' kahane para) vartamAnakAlIna utpatti vAle nAza kA pratiyogI ghaTa' isa prakAra ke artha kA anubhava hotA hai| yahAM ('abhidhA' tathA 'lakSaNA' ina) donoM 'vRttiyoM kA eka sAtha artha-bodhakatA haiM yaha saba ko mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki ('ghaTo nazyati' jaise prayogoM meM) vaisI (vartamAnakAlIna) utpatti tathA pratiyogitA (ina donoM) arthoM kA eka sAtha bodha hotA hai| yadi kaho (laT' kA kevala) vaisI (vartamAna kAlIna nAza-) utpatti hI artha mAna liyA jAya to kyo hAni hai ? aisA nahI ho sakatA kyoMki ('naz') dhAtu ke artha (nAza) kA ghaTa rUpa prAtipadikArtha meM sAkSAd anvaya asambhava hai| aura kevala pratiyogitA' artha hI ('laT' kA) hai yaha bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki (taba to) bahuta pahale phUTe ghar3e ke liye bhI 'nazyati' prayogoM hone lgegaa| isa (kathana) se "vartamAnatA hI ('laTa' kA) artha hai, utpatti artha nahIM hai' isa bAta kA bhI khaNDana ho gyaa| 'nazyati' (naSTa hotA hai) jaise prayogoM meM naiyAyika 'laT' ke do artha mAnatA hai| eka artha hai ... 'vartamAnakAlIna (nAza-) utpatti' tathA dUsarA artha hai 'pratiyogitA' (vizeSaNa banAnA) / aisA mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba 'ghaTo nazyati' kahA jAtA hai to vahAM "vartamAnakAlIna jo utpatti' usase viziSTa 'nAza' kA 'pratiyogI' ghaTa" isI artha kA bodha hotA hai / vartamAnakAlIna utpatti' rUpa artha to 'nAza' isa dhAtvartha kA vizeSaNa hai| dUsarA artha 'pratiyogitA' ghaTa kA vizeSaNa hai, arthAt aisA ghaTa jo nAza kA pratiyogI hai, jisakA nAza ho rahA hai| ina donoM arthoM meM prathama---'vartamAnakAlIna utpatti'rUpa-artha ko naiyAyika 'laT' kA vAcya artha mAnate haiM tathA 'pratiyogitA'rUpa artha ko 'laT' kA lakSya artha mAnate haiN| aise aneka prayoga hai jahAM 'abhidhA' tathA 'lakSaNA' donoM vRttiyA~ sAtha-sAtha apane arthoM ko prastuta karatI haiM / ataH mukhyArtha kI bAdhA ke bAda lakSaNA upasthita ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| na ca tadizotpattikatvameva prasaMgAt - ina donoM arthoM ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA isaliye hai ki yadi 'laT' kA kevala prathama artha - 'vartamAnakAlIna utpatti'-- hI mAnA jAya to dhAtvartha 'nAza' kA prAtipadikArtha 'ghaTa' meM sIdhe anvaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki "nAmArtha tathA dhAtvartha kA bheda sambandha se sAkSAd anvaya nahIM hotA (nAmArthadhAtvarthayorbhedasambandhena sAkSAd anvayo'vyutpannaH) yaha paribhASA hai / isaliye bhedasambandha se donoM kA anvaya karane ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'ghaTa-pratiyogika' (ghaTa kA) isa artha kA bhI jJAna ho / isI taraha kevala 'pratiyogitA' artha ko mAnane para yaha kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai ki bahuta pahile phUTe ghar3e ke liye bhI 'ghaTo nazyati' prayoga hone lagegA kyoMki vahAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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280 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA bhI to nAza kA 'pratiyogI' ghaTa hai hI, ghaTa kA hI nAza vahAM para bhI huA hai| isaliye 'vartamAnakAlIna utpatti' ko 'laT' kA artha mAnanA bhI prAvazyaka hai| ata: ina donoM arthoM ko naiyAyika 'laT' se sambaddha karate haiM / isI bAta ko dIdhitikAra ne yoM kahA hai ki 'nAza' kriyA meM kevala vartamAna kAla kA anvaya mAnane para vinaSTa ghaTa ke liye bhI 'nazyati' kA prayoga hone lgegaa| isaliye 'utpatti' ko bhI 'laT' kA artha mAna kara usameM hI kAla kA anvaya karanA cAhiye / parantu gadAdharabhaTTa Adi navya naiyAyikoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki dhAtvartha 'nAza' meM 'utpatti' artha bhI samAviSTa hai, arthAt 'nAzatva' kA artha hI hai 'utpatti-yukta abhAva / ataH dhAtu ke vAcya artha meM samAviSTa 'utpatti' meM hI kAla kA anvaya karanA ucita hai| dUsare vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki 'vartamAnatA' kA, 'utpattimattva' sambandha se, dhAtvartha 'nAza' meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa cira-naSTa ghaTa ke liye 'nazyati' prayoga nahIM hogaa| ataH 'pAkhyAta' ke 'vartamAnatA' tathA 'pratiyogitA' ye do artha mAnane yukta haiM na ki 'vartamAna-kAlIna utpatti' tathA 'pratiyogitA' (dra0- vyuvA0, AkhyAta prakaraNa pR0 341) / [isa viSaya meM anya prAcAryoM kA mata] kecittu latvamevAtra pratiyogitvasya vRtyavacchedaka la Ttvantu tAdRzotpattikatvasya / ekadharmAvacchinnavRttidvayasyaiva na yugapad bodhakatvam / anyathA 'daNDena' ityAdau karaNatvai katvayorbodho na syAd ityaahuH| kucha prAcArya 'latva' ('la') ko hI yahAM 'pratiyogitA' (artha) kI vRtti ('lakSaNA') kA avacchedaka mAnate haiM tathA 'laTtva' (laT') ko vaisI (vartamAnakAlika) utpattikatA (utpattirUpa artha) kI ('vRtti' arthAt 'abhidhA' kA avacchedaka mAnate haiN)| eka 'dharma' se avacchinna do 'vRttiyA~ eka sAtha (artha kA) bodhaka nahIM ho sakatI (bhinna bhinna 'dharma' se avacchinna do 'vRttiyAM' to eka sAtha artha kA bodha karA hI sakatI haiN)| anyathA (yadi bhinna bhinna 'dharma' se avacchina do 'vRttiyoM ko bhI eka sAtha artha kA bodhaka na mAnA gayA to) 'daNDena' isa pada meM 'karaNatva' tathA 'ekatva' kA (eka sAtha) bodha nahIM ho skegaa| 'dhaTo nazyati' isa prayoga ke artha-vivecana meM, pahale mata meM, naiyAyika vidvAnoM ne 'laTa' ke hI 'vartamAnakAlIna utpatti' tathA 'pratiyogitA' ye do artha mAne haiN| eka artha ke liye 'abhidhAvRtti' tathA dUsare ke liye 'lakSaNAvRtti' kA Azraya liyA gyaa| parantu donoM 'vRttiyAM' 'laTtva' rUpa eka dharma se avacchinna haiN| aisI sthiti meM donoM 'vRttiyoM' ko paraspara virodhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / isaliye donoM 'vRttiyoM' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM 1. ha.--vRttitAvacchedakatvam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-niNaya 281 kevala 'laT' ko na mAna kara isa vidvAnoM ne do 'dharmoM' kI kalpanA kI / ve 'latva' dharma se avacchinna 'abhivAvRtti' ko tathA 'laTtva' dharma se avacchinna 'lakSaNAvRtti' ko mAnate haiM / aba ina donoM 'vRttiyoM' ke eka sAtha hI upasthita hone meM koI virodha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jaba eka hI 'dharma' se donoM vRttiyAM avacchinna hoM tabhI donoM meM virodha ho sakatA hai, donoM vRttiyoM kA alaga alaga do avacchedaka 'dharma' mAnane para virodha nahIM hotaa| isIliye 'daNDena' isa pada kI tRtIyA vibhakti meM 'karaNatva' tathA 'ekatva' ina do arthoM ke bodha ke liye do 'vRttiyoM' kI kalpanA kI gayI tathA unake Azraya ke rUpa meM vahIM do 'dharmoM' kI bhI kalpanA kI gyii| 'abhidhA'kA avacchedaka (Azraya) 'dharma' 'suptva' tathA 'lakSaNA' kA avacchedaka 'dharma' 'tRtIyAtva' mAnA gyaa| ['nazyati' ke artha ke viSaya meM kucha anya vidvAnoM kA mata] anye tu 'nazyati' ityAdau laTA nAzasAmagrI eva bodhyate / tena na ciranaSTe 'nazyati' iti prasaGa gaH / ata eva 'vinazyattA vinAzasAmagrIsAnnidhyam' ityAhuH praamaarinnkaaH| dUsare prAmANika vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki 'nazyati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM laT' ke dvArA nAza kI sAmagrI kA hI bodha hotA hai| isaliye bahuta pahale naSTa (padArtha) ke liye 'nazyati' yaha prayoga nahIM hogaa| isIkAraNa 'vinazyatA' (kA artha kiyA jAtA) hai 'vinAza kI sAmagrI kA pAsa meM vidyamAna honA' / ___ yaha mata vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM kA hai / ve 'naz' dhAtu kA artha nAzarUpa 'phala' tathA vinAzaka sAmagrI kA ekatrita honA rUpa 'vyApAra' mAnate haiM / isa vinAzaka sAmagrI ke ekatrita hone rUpa, 'vyApAra' meM 'laT' ke artha 'vartamAna' kAla kA anvaya hogaa| isa prakAra vinAza sAmagrI ke hone para 'nazyati', usake bIta jAne para 'naSTa:' tathA bhaviSya meM usake upasthita hone para 'nakSyati' ityAdi prayoga hoNge| dra0 - "ghaTo nazyati' ityAdighaTAbhinnAzrayako nAzAnukUlo vyApAra iti bodhaH / sa ca vyApAraH pratiyogitvaviziSTa-nAza-sAmagrIsamavaghAnam / ata eva tasyAM satyAM 'nazyati', tadatyaye 'naSTaH, tadbhAvitve 'nakSyati' iti prayogaH" (vabhUsA0 pR0 47) / vaiyAkaraNoM kA mata hone ke kAraNa hI saMbhavataH nAgeza ne yahAM ina vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM ke liye 'prAmANikAH' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai| ['pAkhyAta' (lakAra) se hone vAle artha-bodha ke viSaya meM vaiyAkaraNoM, mImAMsakoM tathA naiyAyikoM ke vibhinna vAda] AkhyAtAt kriyAvizeSyako bodha iti vaiyAkaraNA bhATaTAzca / prAdyanaye dhAtvarthaH kriyaa| 'caitraHtaNDulaM pacati' ityAditaH 'caitrakartR kataNDulakarmakapAkaH' iti dhIH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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282 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA antyanaye bhAvanA kriyA pratyayArthaH / 'caitrIyapAkakaraNikA taNDala kamikA bhAvanA' iti bodhaH / prathamAntArthavizeSyaka eva bodhaH / 'prodanakarmakapAkAnukUlakRtimAMzcaitraH' iti naiyAyikAH / dvitIyAdyarthakarmakaraNatvAdeH kriyAyAmeva sarvamate'nvayaH / tiGanta (padoM) se kriyA hai 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) jisameM aisA jJAna hotA haiaisA vaiyAkaraNa tathA bhATTamatAnuyAyI mImAMsaka kahate haiN| prathama (vaiyAkaraNoM) ke mata meM dhAtu kA artha 'kriyA' hai| 'caitraH taNDalaM pacati' (catra cAvala pakAtA haiM) ityAdi (prayogoM) se "caitra hai 'kartA' jisameM tathA taNDula hai 'karma' jisameM aisI pAka kriyA" yaha jJAna hotA hai / antima (bhATTa matAnuyAyI mImAMsakoM ke) mata meM 'bhAvanA' rUpa 'kriyA' pratyaya kA artha hai (dhAtu kA nhiiN)| "caitra kA pAka hai 'karaNa' jisa meM tathA taNDula hai 'karma' jisa meM aisI kriyA' (bhAvanA)" yaha jJAna (bhATTa mImAMsakoM ke mata meM) hotA hai| prathamAnta (pada) kA artha jisameM pradhAna hai aisA hI jJAna 'pAkhyAta' pada se hotA hai, (arthAt) "cAvala hai 'karma' jisameM aise pAka ke anukUla 'yatna' vAlA caitra" yaha bodha hotA hai-aisA naiyAyikoM kA mata hai / / dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM ke artha 'karmatva', 'karaNatva' Adi kA sabhI ke mata meM 'kriyA' meM hI anvaya hotA hai| vaiyAkaraNa tathA mImAMsaka donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki 'pAkhyAta' se kriyA-pradhAna artha kI pratIti hotI hai parantu donoM kI vivecanA-paddhati meM maulika antara hai / vaiyAkaraNa kriyA ('vyApAra') ko dhAtu kA artha mAnatA hai tathA 'saGkhyA'-vizeSa, 'kAla'-vizeSa, 'kAraka' vizeSa tathA kahIM-kahIM kevala 'bhAva' (zuddha dhAtvartha) ko 'pAkhyAta' ('lakAra') kA artha mAnatA hai / isaliye vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'caitra: taNDulaM pacati' vAkya se aisI pAka kriyA kI pratIti hotI hai jisakA 'kartA' caitra hai tathA taNDula 'karma' hai| 'antya-naye . bhAvaneti bodhaH- bhATTamatAnuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAn bhI yadyapi 'pAkhyAta' pada se kriyA-pradhAna artha kI hI abhivyakti hotI hai aisA mAnate haiM / parantu unakI dRSTi meM 'kriyA' athavA 'bhAvanA', dhAtu kA artha na hokara 'liG' Adi pratyayoM kA artha hai tathA 'phala' dhAtu kA artha hai| jaise- 'pac' dhAtu ke prayoga meM jo viklitti(pakanA) rUpa 'phala' vaha dhAtu kA artha hai tathA isa viklatti ke anukUla jo pAka 'vyApAra' hai vaha prAkhyAta yA 'liG' pratyaya kA artha hai| bhAvanA- mImAMsaka bhAvanA' ko 'lakAra' kA artha mAnate hue use 'zAbdI' tathA 'prArthI' bheda se do prakAra kA mAnate haiM / 'liG lakAra ke prayogoM meM niyamata: yaha pratIta 1. ha. anya For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 283 hotA hai ki kahane vAlA hameM kisI kArya-vizeSa ko karane ke liye prerita kara rahA hai / isa taraha yahAM jo 'bhAvanA' ('vyApAra' athavA kriyA) hai vaha zabdarUpa hai| 'prArthI bhAvanA', preraNA yA pravRtti ke anukUla 'vyApAra' na hokara, dhAtvartharUpa 'phala' ke anukUla hone vAlA 'vyApAra' hai jo pAkhyAta'-('lakAra') mAtra kA vAcya artha hai| isaliye 'liG' ke atirikta anya lakAroM meM 'yArthI bhAvanA' kA kathana mAnA gayA hai tathA 'liG lakAra' meM donoM-'zAbdI' tathA 'prArthI'-bhAvanAoM kA kathana mImAMsakoM ne mAnA hai kyoMki vahAM 'pAkhyAtatva' tathA 'liGtva' donoM hI haiN| inameM pahale se 'yArthI bhAvanA' tathA dUsare se 'zAbdI bhAvanA' kA jJAna hotA hai (dra0-arthasaMgraha 4-8) / prathamAntArtha...."naiyAyikA:-naiyAyika vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki 'tiGanta' padoM se jo jJAna hotA hai usameM prathamA vibhakta yanta zabda kA artha pradhAna hotA hai / ina vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'lakAra' kA artha hai 'kRti' athavA 'prayatna' tathA prathamAnta pada ke artha meM 'pAkhyAtArtha' athavA 'lakArArtha' vizeSaNa banatA hai tathA prathamAnta pada kA artha vizeSya banatA hai / isaliye 'caitraH taNDulaM pacati' isa vAkya kA naiyAyika-sammata artha hogA "cAvala rUpa 'karma' kA jo pakanA rUpa 'vyApAra' usake anukUla 'prayatna' vAlA caitra' / naiyAyikoM ke ina siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM isa grantha ke dhAtvarthaprakaraNa (pR0 160-184) meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai| dvitIyAdyartha" ..'anvayaH-anya dvitIyA' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke artha 'karmatva' Adi kA to 'kriyA' meM hI anvaya hogA-aisA sabhI vidvAn mAnate haiN| vastutaH 'kArakatva' kA sambandha hI 'kriyA' se hai / "kriyA' se sambaddha hue binA to 'kArakoM' kI kArakatA hI niSpanna nahIM ho sktii| ata: 'dvitIyA' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke artha 'karmatva', 'karaNatva' Adi kA anvaya to 'kriyA' meM hI hogaa| isIliye 'kAraka' kI paribhASA hI kI gayI-"kriyAnirvartakatvaM kArakatvam", arthAta 'kriyA' kA niSpAdaka hI 'kAraka' hotA hai| ['laGa' tathA 'luha' lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra] laGastu zakyo hyo'nadyatana kAlaH / luGastu bhUtasAmAnyam / bhUtatvaM ca vartamAnadhvaMsapratiyogyutpattikatvam / na tu tAdRzapratiyogitvam eva / cirotpanne'pi 'pUrvedhurabhavat' iti pratyayApatteH / 'naSTaH' ityAdau nAze tadanvayAsambhavAcca / utpattestu dezakAlAdau anvayAnna doSaH / 'abhavat' ityAdau tu dhAtunA utpattiH pratyAyyate 'naSTaH' ityAdau tAdRzotpattikatvaM pratyayena iti vizeSaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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284 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu maMjUSA 'laGa' (lakAra) kA vAcya artha hai 'anadyatana bhUtakAla' tathA 'laGa' (lakAra) kA to (artha hai) 'bhuutsaamaany'| bhUtatva' kI paribhASA hai "vartamAna kAlIna vinAza kI 'pratiyoginI' (kriyA) kI utpati kA pAzraya (atIta kaal)'| kevala "vaisI (vartamAna kAlIna dhvaMsa kI) 'pratiyogitA" hI ('bhUtakAla' kI) paribhASA nahIM hai kyoMki ("vartamAnakAlIna dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyogitA" ko hI 'bhUtakAla' kI paribhASA mAnane para) bahata kAla pUrva utpanna (ghaTa Adi) ke liye bhI 'pUrvedhura abhavat' (kala utpanna huA) yaha (prayoga) hone lagegA / tathA 'naSTa:' (naSTa hA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'nAza' meM usa (vartamAnakAlIna dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyogitA') kA anvaya asambhava hai| (Upara kI paribhASA meM vidyamAna) utpatti kA to deza tathA kAla ke sAtha anvaya hone ke kAraNa ('naSTa:' isa prayoga meM) doSa nahIM aataa| 'abhavat' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'utpati (rUpa artha) kA jJAna dhAtu se hotA hai| parantu 'naSTaH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM vaiso (vartamAnakAlIna dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyoginI' kriyA kI) 'utpati' vAle (deza kAla Adi) kA jJAna pratyaya se hotA hai-itanA antara hai| yahAM 'bhUtakAla' kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna naiyAyika yaha kahate haiM ki 'vartamAna-dhvaMsa-pratiyogitA', arthAt kriyA kA vartamAna kAlIna jo dhvaMsa usakI 'pratiyoginI' jo kriyA usakA AzrayabhUta kAla ho 'bhUta' kAla hai / jaise--'ghaTo'bhavat'--yahAM ghar3e kI 'utpatti' rUpa kriyA kA vartamAnakAlIna dhvaMsa huA hai / isa dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyoginI' kriyA pahale hone vAlI ghaTa kI 'utpatti' hai / usa 'utpatti' rUpa kriyA kA jo kAla vahI 'bhUta' kAla hai| dra0-"vartamAnadhvaMsapratiyogyavacchinna: kAlaH' (padArthamAlA) tathA "bhUtatvaM ca vidyamAnadhvaMsapratiyogitvam" (nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI) / isI bAta ko vaizeSika upaskAra meM kucha bhinna zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai-"yatpradhvaMsena ca kAlo'vacchidyate sa tasya bhUtakAlaH" / (ye tInoM uddharaNa nyAyakoza se liye gaye haiN)| parantu arvAcIna naiyAyikoM ko bhUtakAla kI isa paribhASA meM avyApti tathA ativyApti doSa dikhAI detA hai| inakA yaha kahanA hai ki yadi 'vartamAna-dhvaMsapratiyogitA' hI 'bhUta'kAla kI paribhASA mAnI gayI to bahuta pahale utpanna hue ghaTa ke liye bhI 'ghaTa: pUrvedyara abhavat' (ghar3A kala utpanna hayA) yaha prayoga hone lagegA kyoMki ghaTotpatti rUpa kriyA kA jo vartamAna-kAlika-vinAza usakA pratiyogI-pratIta kAlika utpatti rUpa kriyA-to hai hI / yaha atIta kAlika kriyA kisI na kisI kAla kA AzrayaNa kregii| vaha AzrayabhUta kAla kauna sA mAnA jAya isa bAta kA uparyukta paribhASA meM koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA / isaliye bahuta pahale kA atIta kAla bhI usakA prAzraya ho sakatA hai tathA bItA huA kala yA vartamAna kAla se thor3A pahale kA kAla bhI usakA Azraya ho sakatA hai| isa AzrayabhUta kAla tathA kriyA ke eka hone ke kAraNa bahuta pahale utpanna ghar3e ke liye 'pUrvedhur abhavat' prayoga hone lagegA kyoMki vartamAnakAlika dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyogitA' vahAM para bhI hai / isa prakAra yahAM 'ativyApti' doSa hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha - nirNaya 285 isa prAcIna naiyAyikoM kI paribhASA meM 'avyApti' doSa bhI hai / 'naSTa: ghaTa : ' ( ghar3A TUTa gayA) isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM 'vartamAna dhvaMsa- pratiyogitva' lakSaNa nahIM ghaTatA kyoMki yahAM 'nAza' vartamAna kAlika dhvaMsa kA 'pratiyogI' nahIM hai / 'nAza' to dhvaMsa kA pratiyogI taba bana sakatA hai jabaki ghaTa ke 'nAza' kA abhAva yA dhvaMsa ho rahA ho / yahAM to 'nAza' hI hai usakA dhvaMsa nahIM / isaliye navIna naiyAyikoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki 'vartamAna-dhvaMsa pratiyogI' ke sAtha 'utpatti' pada aura jor3a denA cAhie tathA 'vartamAna-dhvaMsa pratiyogyutpattikatvaM bhUtatvam' yaha 'bhUtakAla kI paribhASA mAnanI cAhiye / aba paribhASA kA svarUpa yaha huA ki vartamAnakAlIna dhvaMsa yA prabhAva kI 'pratiyoginI' jo pratItakAlika kriyA usakI 'utpatti' jisa kAla meM huI vaha viziSTa kAla hI 'bhUta'kAla hai / isa prakAra 'utpatti' pada ke saMyukta ho jAne ke kAraNa bahuta pahale utpanna ghaTa ke liye ' pUrvedyar abhavat' prayoga nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki dhvaMsa kI 'pratiyoginI' jo ghaTotpattirUpa kriyA usakI 'utpatti' kA kAla kala ( pUrvedyuH) na hokara usase pahale kA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isI prakAra isa 'utpatti' pada ke jor3a dene se Upara pradarzita 'avyApti' doSa kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai kyoMki yahAM 'utpatti' pada kA anvaya, 'pratiyoginI' kriyA kI 'utpatti' ke prAzrayabhUta, deza tathA kAla meM kiyA jAtA hai| isa taraha 'nAza' kI utpatti rUpa kriyA vartamAna kAlIna 'nAza' kI pratiyoginI hai / isa nAzotpatti rUpa kriyA kA zrayabhUta jo kAla vahI 'nAza' kA 'bhUta' kAla hai| navIna naiyAyikoM ke mata liye draSTavya"bhUtatvaM cotpattAvanveti / tathA ca vidyamAnadhvaMsa pratiyogyutvattikatvaM labdham " (tarkAmRtam se nyAyakoza meM uddhRta) / abhavat ' -~. vizeSaH - 'ghaTo'bhavat' (ghar3A utpanna hunA) tathA 'ghaTo naSTa:' ( ghar3A TUTa gayA) ina do prayogoM meM kevala grantara yaha hai ki pahale prayoga 'ghaTo'bhavat' meM jo yaha artha kiyA gayA ki 'ghar3e kI utpatti rUpa kriyA kA prabhAva' usameM utpatti rUpa artha 'bhU' dhAtu hI jJAta ho jAtA hai kyoMki 'bhU' kA artha hI utpatti hai / parantu dUsare prayoga 'ghaTo naSTa:' meM jo 'ghar3e ke nAza kI utpatti rUpa kriyA kA abhAva' yaha artha hai usameM 'utpatti rUpa' artha dhAtu kA na ho kara 'kta' pratyaya kA mAnanA hogA kyoMki yahA~ 'naz' dhAtu prayukta hai, jisakA artha 'utpatti' kabhI nahIM hotA apitu 'utpatti' ke viparIta sadA 'vinAza' artha hI hotA hai / 1. 2. [ 'liT' lakAra ke artha - 'bhUta' kAla tathA 'parokSatA' - ke viSaya meM vicAra ] ha0 -- prayogadarzanAt 1 nisa0, kAprazu0 nanu / liTastu bhUtakAla iva parokSatvam grapyartha:, 'ahaM cakAra' ityAdiprayogAdarzanAt / na caivaM "luttamo vA", (pA0 7. 1.61 ) iti jJApakAt uttamapuruSastatra syAd iti For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 286 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vAcyam / 'supto'haM kila vilalApa,' 'matto'haM kilavicacAra' ityAdau cittavikSepAdinA pArokSyam' upapAdya tatra sUtra sArthakyasambhavAt / tatra ca parokSatvena pArokSyasAdRzye tAtparyam / 'cakraLe subandhuH' iti tu na liTprayogo'pitu tiGantapratirUpako nipAtaH / 'liT (lakAra) kA to 'bhUta' kAla ke samAna 'parokSatA' bhI artha hai kyoMki 'ahaM cakAra' ityAdi (jaise ) prayoga nahIM dekhe jAte / "luttamo vA" isa (sUtra) ke jJApaka se vahA~ ('liT lakAra kI kriyAyoM meM) 'uttama puruSa' kA prayoga hogA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki 'supto'haM kila vilalApa' ( kahate haiM soye hue maiMne vilApa kiyA), 'matto'haM kila vicAra' ( kahate haiM matta hokara maiMne bhramaNa kiyA) ityAdi prayogoM meM citta kI vyAkulatA Adi ke AdhAra para parokSatA' kA upapAdana karane se ( "luttamo vA " ) sUtra kI sArthakatA sambhava hai aura vahA~ ( "parokSe liT " pA0 3.2.115 isa sUtra meM ) 'parokSatA' kA tAtparya hai- 'parokSatA ke sadRza' | 'cakre subandhaH' (subandhu ne racI) yaha ('cakre' prayoga) liT lakAra kA prayoga nahIM hai hai ' tiGanta' sadRza 'nipAta' / 'liT lakAra kA artha kevala 'bhUta' kAla na hokara parokSatva - viziSTa bhUtakAla hai / parokSa kA artha hai vaktA kI jJAnendriyoM se pare honA / pANini ne "parokSe liT " ( pA0 3.2.115) sUtra dvArA yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki 'liT lakAra kA prayoga kevala 'bhUta' kAla ke liye nahIM hotA apitu parokSatva - viziSTa 'bhUta' kAla ke liye hotA hai / 'liT lakAra ke 'parokSatva - viziSTa bhUtakAla' artha kI puSTi karate hue, hetu ke rUpa meM, yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki yadi 'liT lakAra kA artha kevala 'bhUta' kAla hI hotA to ' ahaM cakAra' jaise prayoga bhI hone cAhiye / parantu aise prayoga nahIM dekhe jAte isase yaha spaSTa hai ki 'liT lakAra kA artha 'parokSatva viziSTa bhUtakAla' hI hai| vastutaH vaktA svayaM kisI aise kArya ko nahIM kara sakatA jo usase 'parokSa' ho / isaliye 'grahaM cakAra' (maiMne apane se parokSa kArya ko kiyA) jaise prayoga nahIM dekhe jAte / yahA~ eka prazna yaha hai ki yadi 'laT lakAra kI kriyAyoM ke sAtha 'uttama puruSa' kA prayoga nahIM ho sakatA to pANini kA " luttamo vA " sUtra vyartha ho jAyagA kyoMki isa sUtra kA artha hI haiM- "uttamapuruSa se yukta jo 'gala' vaha vikalpa se 'rigata' hotA hai" / 'riNat' hone kA pariNAma yaha hogA ki 'praGga' ke upadhAbhUta prakAra ko vikalpa se vRddhi hogI ( dra0 - " ata upadhAyAH ", pA0 7.2.116) / jaise -'kR' dhAtu ke 'grahaM cakAra' tathA 'ahaM cakara' donoM taraha ke prayoga hote haiM / " parasmaipadAnAM galatus 0" ( pA0 3.4.82) sUtra se vihita yaha, 'uttamapuruSa' meM hone vAlA, 'gal' 'liT' lakAra meM hI hotA hai kyoMki usa sUtra meM Upara se 'liT' pada kI anuvRtti grA rahI hai / isaliye 1. ha0- parAzram | For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 287 pANini ke "luttamo vA" sUtra kI sArthakatA ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'graha cakAra ' jaise 'uttama puruSa' ke prayogoM ko sAdhu mAnA jAya aura yadi ina prayogoM ko sAdhu mAnA gayA to 'liT lakAra kA artha 'parokSatva - viziSTa bhUtakAla' nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vaktA svayaM apane se parokSa kArya ko nahIM kara sakatA / isa prazna kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki "galuttamo vA " sUtra kI sArthakatA to isa taraha ho jAtI hai ki citta kI avyavasthA ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI vaktA svayaM apane dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM ko nahI jAna pAtA, ve kArya svayaM usa karttA se 'parokSa' hI rahA karate haiM / isaliye citta kI avyavasthA Adi ke kAraNa parokSatA ko upapatti ho jAne se supto'haM kila vilalApa', 'matto'haM kila vicacAra' ityAdi prayoga pracalita ho gaye / isI bAta ko pataMjali ne "parokSe liT " sUtra ke bhASya kI nimna paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai : " bhavati vai kazcid jAgrad api vartamAnakAlaM nopalabhate / kiM punaH kAraNaM vartamAnakAlaM nopalabhate ? manasA saMyuktAni indriyANi upalabdhau kAraNAni bhavanti / manaso'sAnnidhyAt" ( mahA0 3.2.115), arthAt mana yukta indriyoM se vastu Adi kA jJAna hotA hai / ataH citta-vikSepa Adi ke kAraNa mana kI anupasthiti se jAgrada-avasthA meM bhI vyakti ko vartamAnakAlika vastu Adi kA jJAna nahI ho pAtA / isake atirikta dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki "parokSe liT " sUtra meM 'parokSa' pada kA tAtparya 'parokSa' sadRza hai| zrutaH, 'parokSa' na hone para bhI, 'parokSa sadRza' hone ke kAraNa uparyukta prayoga siddha ho jAyeMge / isa taraha " luttamo vA " sUtra kI sArthakatA tathA 'liT' kA artha 'parokSatva vizaSTa bhUtakAla' ina donoM bAtoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / 'cakre subandhuH' (subandhu ne grantha vizeSa kI racanA kI) ityAdi prayogoM meM citta vikSepa Adi ke dvArA parokSatA kI siddhi nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki citta ke vikSipta yA asthira hone para grantha racanA jaisA kArya, jo kevala ekAgra evaM sthira citta se hI sambhava hai, nahIM ho sakatA / isaliye yahA~ 'cakre' ko liT lakAra kA prayoga na mAna kara 'tiGanta' sadRza eka 'nipAta' mAnA gayA / isI prakAra kA eka aura prayoga hai - "vyAtene kiraNAvalIm udayanaH " ( udayana ne kiraNAvalI grantha kA vistAra kiyA) / yahA~ bhI kiraNAvalI jaise viziSTa grantha ke likhane ke liye mana kI paryApta ekAgratA Avazyaka hai / isaliye yahA~ 'liT ' lakAra ke prayoga ko 'kauNDabhaTTa ne asAdhu mAna liyA hai 154-55) / - vaibhUsA0 pR0 For Private and Personal Use Only dra0 parantu nAgeza bhaTTa ne yahA~ 'aparokSatA' meM bhI 'parokSatA' kA 'Aropa' kara ke usakI saMgati lagAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'aparokSatA' meM bhI 'parokSatA' ke Aropa kA prayojana yaha hai ki "vyAtene kiraNAvalIm udayanaH " ko sunakara logoM ko grantha kI sukaratA' tathA 'usa grantha kA bahuta alpakAla meM racA jAnA' ityAdi abhiprAyoM kA zrotA ko patA laga jAya ( dra0 - laghumaMjUSA pR0 621-22 ) /

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288 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUpA ['luT' tathA 'luT lakAra se prakaTa hone vAle bhaviSyat' kAla ko paribhASA] luTluTostu bhvissytkaalH| bhaviSyattvaM vartamAna-prAgabhAva-pratiyogyutpattikatvam / utpattau ca dezavizeSaH kAlavizeSazca adhikaraNatvena anveti / 'gRhe ghaTo bhavitA', 'adya ghaTo bhaviSyati' ityAdau dhAtunA utpattiH pratyAyyate, vartamAnaprAgabhAvapratiyogitvam zrAzrayatvaM ca pratyayena / 'gRhAdhikaraNaka-vartamAna-prAgabhAva-pratiyogyutpattyAzrayo ghaTa:', 'adyatana-prAgabhAvapratiyogyutpattyAzrayo ghaTa:' itynvybodhaat| vartamAnaprAgabhAva-pratiyogitvamAtrasya luDAdyarthatve zvo gRhe samutpadya parazvaH prAGagaNe' gamiSyati maitre 'parazvaH prAGgaNe maitro bhaviSyati' iti prasaGa gaH / 'luTa' tathA 'laTa' (lakAroM) kA to 'bhaviSyat' kAla artha hai / 'bhaviSyat' kAla (kA lakSaNa) hai vartamAnakAlIna jo prAgabhAva usake pratiyogI' 'utpatti' kA AzrayabhUta kAla / (yahAM) 'utpatti' meM deza vizeSa tathA kAlavizeSa adhikaraNa rUpa se anvita hotA hai| 'gRhe ghaTo bhavitA' (ghara meM ghar3A utpanna hogA) tathA 'adya ghaTo bhaviSyati', (Aja ghar3A utpanna hogA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM ('bhU') dhAtu se 'utpatti' (rUpa artha) jJAta hotA hai aura vartamAnakAlIna 'prAgabhAva' kI 'pratiyogitA' tathA ('pratiyogI' 'utpatti' kI) aAzrayatA kA jJAna (kramazaH 'luT' tathA 'luT') pratyayoM (lakAroM') dvArA hotA hai kyoMki (ina prayogoM se kramaza:) "gRha hai 'adhikaraNa jisakA aisI, tathA jo vartamAnakAlIna 'prAgabhAva' kI 'pratiyoginI' hai usa, utpatti kA Azraya ghaTa' evaM "Aja (dina meM) hone vAlI tathA vartamAnakA tIna 'prAgabhAva' kI pratiyoginI jo 'utpatti' usakA prAzraya ghaTa'' yaha zAbdabodha hotA hai| yadi kevala vartamAnakAlIna 'prAgabhAva' ko pratiyogitA' ko 'luTa' aAdi ('laTa') kA artha mAnA jAya to (pAne vAle) kala ko ghara meM utpanna hokara parasoM A~gana meM jAne vAle maMtra ke liye 'parazva: prAGgaNe maitrI bhaviSyati' (parasoM AGgana meM maitra hogA) yaha (prayoga) hone lgegaa| 'bhUta'kAla kI paribhASA ke samAna hI 'bhaviSyat'kAla kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM bhI prAcIna tathA navIna naiyAyikoM meM paryApta vivAda hai| prAcIna naiyAyikoM ne yahAM bhI 'utpatti'pada ke binA hI bhaviSyatkAla kI paribhASA prastuta kI thii| dra0 - "bhaviSyattvaM ca 1. ha.-utpattiH / 2. ha. meM "ghaTo bhavitA adya ghaTo bhaviSyati" ke sthAna para 'ghaTo bhaviSyati bhavitA iti" pATha hai| 3. ha.-prAGgaNe / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 286 vartamAnakAlavRttiprAgabhAva-pratiyogitvam"- (vAkyavRtti se nyAyakoza meM uddhata), arthAt vartamAna kAla meM rahane vAle 'prAgabhAva' kA 'pratiyogI' 'bhaviSyat' kAla hai| isI prakAra vaizeSikopaskAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai--"yatprAgabhAvena ca kAlo'vacchidyate sa tasya bhaviSyat kAlaH" (nyAyakoza meM uddha t)| parantu navya naiyAyikoM ko yahAM bhI 'utpatti' pada ko saMyukta karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI kyoMki usake binA lakSaNa meM 'ativyApti' doSa AtA hai| 'utpatti' pada ke abhAva meM 'bhaviSyat' kAla kI paribhASA banegI-kriyA kA jo vartamAnakAlika 'prAgabhAva' usake pratiyogI, arthAt kriyA, kA prAzrayabhUta kAla 'bhaviSyat' kAla hai / " parantu 'prAgabhAva' kI 'pratiyoginI' kriyA kA prAzrayabhUta kAla to, jaba se usa kiyA kI utpatti huI taba se lekara Age jaba taka vaha kriyA vidyamAna hai taba taka kA, koI bhI kAla ho sakatA hai / isaliye kala utpanna hokara parasoM prAMgana meM jAne vAle maMtra ke liye 'parazvaH prAGgaNe maitro bhaviSyati' prayoga bhI ho sakatA hai kyoMki maitra kI 'honA'-rUpa kriyA kA AzrayabhUta kAla 'parasoM' bhI hai hii| __'utpatti' pada jor3a dene ke bAda 'bhaviSyat'kAla ke lakSaNa kA svarUpa hogA "vartamAna kAlika jo prAgabhAva' usakI 'pratiyoginI', arthAt kriyA kI 'utpatti' kA Azraya bhUta kAla 'bhaviSyat' kAla hai", arthAt jisa viziSTa kAla meM maitra kI yaha 'utpatti' hogI usI kAla ko 'bhaviSyat' kAla mAnA jAyagA, usa utpatti-kAla se bAda vAle kAla ko nahIM / isaliye jo maitra kala utpanna hogA usake liye yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'zvaH maitro bhaviSyati', 'parazvaH maitro bhaviSyati' jaise prayoga usake liye nahIM ho sakate / athavA parasoM prAMgana meM jAne vAle maitra ke liye maMtra: parazvaH prAGgaNe gamiSyati' hI kahA jAyagA, 'parazvo maitra: bhaviSyati' nahIM, kyoMki maitra kA AdhAra bhale hI 'parasoM' tathA 'prAGgaNa' donoM hI haiM - eka sthAna kI dRSTi se prAdhAra hai to dUsarA kAla kI dRSTi se-parantu kriyA ke utpanna hone kA viziSTa prAdhAra 'parasoM' tathA 'prAGgaNa' nahIM haiM, usake AdhAra to 'zvaH' (kala) tathA 'gRham' (ghara) hI haiN| [kucha anya vidvAnoM kA mata] kecittu dezavizeSaH kAlavizeSazca prAgabhAve pratiyogini cAnveti / 'parazvaH prAGgaNe maitro bhaviSyati' ityasya 'parazvovRtti: prAGgaNavRttiryaH prAgabhAvastatpratiyogyutpattyAzrayaH parazvovRtti: prAGgaNavRttimaitraH' iti bodhaH / tena noktAtiprasaMgaH / etena zvo bhAvini ghaTe 'adya bhaviSyati' iti prasaGgo nirasta ityAhuH / 1. ha0-noktaprasaMgaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 260 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kucha vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki deza-vizeSa tathA tathA kAla-vizeSa ( ye donoM adhikaraNa) 'prAgabhAva' tathA 'pratiyogI' (donoM) meM anvita hote haiM / ' parazvaH prAGgaNe maitro bhaviSyati' kA artha hogA 'parasoM dina meM hone vAlA tathA prAGgaraNa meM hone vAlA, utpatti se pUrva, jo 'prAgabhAva' usake 'pratiyogI', arthAt 'utpatti', kA prAzraya, parasoM hone vAlA tathA prAGgaNa meM hone vAlA, maitra / isa kAraNa 'prativyApti' doSa nahIM hogA / isa (adhikaraNa kA 'prAgabhAva' tathA 'pratiyogI' donoM meM anvaya hotA hai" isa kathana) se kala hone vAle ghar3e ke liye 'gradya bhaviSyati' (Aja ghar3A utpanna hogA ) isa prayoga kA nirAkaraNa ho gayA / kucha anya vidvAnoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki yahAM 'bhaviSyat' kAla ke lakSaraNa meM 'utpatti' pada dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / deza tathA kAla ina donoM gradhikaraNoM kA 'prAgabhAva' tathA 'pratiyogI' donoM meM anvaya kara lene se hI uparyukta 'prativyApti' doSa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai kyoMki kala utpanna hone vAle maitra kA 'parasoM' isa kAlarUpa adhikaraNa meM tathA 'prAGgaNa' isa dezarUpa adhikaraNa meM 'prAgabhAva' nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye 'bhaviSyat ' kAla kA lakSaraNa ghaTita na hone ke kAraNa yahA~ ' parazvaH prAGgaNe maitro bhaviSyati' yaha prayoga nahIM ho sakatA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir etena zvobhAvini ityAhuH - 'bhaviSyat ' kAla ke isa dUsare lakSaNa ke anusAra deza tathA kAla rUpa adhikaraNa kA 'pratiyogI' (utpatti) meM granvaya karane se jo utpatti jisa kAla meM hogI usake liye vahI kAla 'bhaviSyat' kAla hogA / isaliye kala hone vAle ghar3e ke liye 'adya bhaviSyati' prayoga nahIM ho sakatA / parantu isa lakSaraNa ko bhI sarvathA nirdoSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki adhikaraNa kA 'prAgabhAva' ke sAtha granvaya karanA kucha ucita nahIM pratIta hotA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki parasoM ke 'prAgabhAva' ko vartamAna kAlIna 'prAgabhAva' nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha vartamAna nahIM hai / isaliye 'bhaviSyat ' kAla ke lakSaNa meM 'utpatti' pada kA honA Avazyaka hai / 1. 2. ['naz' dhAtu ke 'luT' tathA 'luTa' lakAra ke prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra ] 'naMkSyati' ityAdI' vartamAna prAgabhAva - pratiyogyutpattikatvaM pratiyogitvaM ca pratyayArthaH / ' zvo ghaTo nakSyati' ityAdau ' zvovRttiH vartamAna- prAgabhAva - pratiyoginI yA utpatti: tadAzraya-nAzapratiyogI ghaTaH' ityanvayabodhaH / yattvatra 'vartamAna-prAgabhAva-pratiyogitvam eva pratyayArthaH' iti ' tanna / zvobhAvi-nAzake ghaMTe 'gradya nazyati' iti prasaMgAt / ha0 - ityAdau tu / ha0 - pratyayArthaH / tatra vaMmi0 -- pratyayArthaH / tanna / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha - nirNaya 'naMkSyati' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM vartamAna kAlIna 'prAgabhAva' ke 'pratiyogI' (kriyA) kI utpatti kA ( Azraya ) honA tathA 'pratiyogitA' (ye donoM 'luT' ' tathA lRT' ina do ) pratyayoM ke artha haiM / 'ivo vaTo naMkSyati' (kala ghar3A phUTegA ) ityAdi ( prayogoM) meM 'kala hone vAlI, vartamAna kAlIna prAgabhAva kI pratiyoginI jo nAza rUpa kriyA usa kI utpatti ke Azraya 'nAza' kA pratiyogI, 'ghaTa' yaha zAbdabodha hotA hai / 'vartamAna-kAlIna prAgabhAva kI pratiyogitA hI 'lRT' pratyaya ( lakAra) kA artha hai' vaha (mata) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki ( taba to ) kala naSTa hone vAle ghar3e ke liye bhI 'adya nakSyati' (Aja ghar3A naSTa ho jAyegA ) yaha (prayoga) hone lagegA / 261 'naz' jaisI pradarzana artha vAlI dhAtunoM ke sAtha jaba 'lRT' pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to vahAM yaha pratyaya do prarthoM ko kahatA hai / pahalA artha hai - 'vartamAnaprAgabhAva - pratiyogyutpattikatA', arthAt vartamAna kAlIna prAgabhAva kI 'pratiyoginI' jo ('nAza' kriyA kI ) utpatti usakA prAzraya arthAt 'naash'| dUsarA artha hai - 'pratiyogitA', arthAt 'nAza' yA pradarzana rUpa kriyA kA prAzraya ( ghaTa grAdi ) / ina donoM arthoM kA sammilita jJAna 'lUTa' pratyaya karAtA hai / udAharaNa ke liye 'zvaH ghaTo naMkSyati ( kala ghar3A phUTegA ) yahA~ 'nAza' yA 'pradarzana' kriyA kA vartamAna kAlIna jo 'prAgabhAva' usakI 'pratiyoginI hai 'nAza' kriyA / usa kI utpatti ke prAzrayabhUta kAla 'zva:' ( Ane vAlA kala) kA, tathA pratiyoginI jo nAza yA pradarzana kriyA usake pratiyogI ('ghaTa') ina donoM kA jJAna 'lRT' pratyaya se hotA / yadi kevala 'vartamAna- prAgabhAva kI pratiyogitA' hI 'lRT' pratyaya kA artha mAnA jAya taba to kala naSTa hone vAle ghar3e ke liye bhI 'adya 'naMkSyati' prayoga ho sakatA hai kyoMki vartamAna-kAlIna jo 'prAgabhAva' usakI 'pratiyoginI', arthAt 'nAza' kriyA, kI utpatti kA prAzrayabhUta 'ghaTa' to grAja bhI rahegA hI / bhale hI usakA nAza kala ho parantu kala hone vAlI nAzotpatti rUpa 'pratiyogI' kA Azraya banane vAlA ghaTa to grAja bhI hogA hI / uparyukta 'vartamAna- prAgabhAva- pratiyogyutpattikatva' tathA 'pratiyogI' ye donoM artha 'lRT' pratyaya ke haiM yaha mAnane para uparinirdiSTa doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki vahA~ to 'nAza'rUpa kriyA kI utpatti ke kAla ko bhI 'lRT' pratyaya batAyegA / isaliye 'ghaTo'dya naMkSyati' kA itanA hI artha nahIM hogA ki 'kisI bhI samaya meM utpanna nAza rUpa kriyA kI utpatti kA Azraya ghaTa' prapitu deza tathA kAla kA bhI 'utpatti' ke sAtha anvaya hone ke kAraNa yaha artha hogA ki "aAja ghar3e kI 'nAza' kriyA utpanna hogI, jisakA vartamAna kAla meM 'prAgabhAva' hai, usakA zrAzraya-bhUta ghaTa" / isaliye kala naSTa hone vAle ghar3e ke liye 'zvaH nakSyati' prayoga hI ho sakatA hai| ataH kevala 'vartamAna prAgabhAva- pratiyogitA' ko 'lRT' pratyaya kA artha nahIM mAnanA cAhiye, apitu 'vartamAna prAgabhAva - pratiyogyutpattikatva' ko 'lUTa' kA artha mAnanA cAhiye, arthAt nAzotpatti ke zrAzraya-bhUta kAla kA tathA jisakA nAza honA hai usa AdhAra kA - donoM kA bodha 'lRT' pratyaya ke dvArA hotA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only 'vartamAna- prAgabhAva pratiyogyutpattikatvam' kA vigraha kiyA jAtA hai - 'vartamAnakAliko yaH prAgabhAvaH tatpratiyoginI utpattiryasmin kAle sa vartamAna prAgabhAva

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262 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA pratiyogyutpattikaH kAlaH / tasya bhAvaH tattvam' / yahA~ bahuvrIhi samAsa meM "zeSAd vibhASA" (pA0 5.4.154) sUtra se 'kap' pratyaya huA hai| isI prakAra 'zvobhAvinAzake' pada kA bhI vigraha hai-'zvobhAvI nAzo yasya sa zvobhAvinAzakaH (ghaTa:) tasmin / yahA~ bhI bahuvrIhi samAsa meM hI 'kap' pratyaya mAnanA cAhiye, anyathA 'vul' pratyaya mAnane para to koI saMgati nahIM laga skegii| ['pakSyati' tathA 'pakvavAn' ityAdi prayogoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra] 'pakSyati' ityAdau prAdya-pAka-vyakti-prAgabhAva-garbhameva bhaviSyattvam / 'pakvavAn' ityAdau carama-pAka-vyaktidhvaMsa-garbham eva bhUtatvaM bhAsate / tattatsamabhivyAhArasya tAdRzabodhe hetutvAt / tena pAkamadhye kasyAzcit pAkavyakta r anutpAde'pi kasyAzcid atItatve'pi na 'pakSyati', 'pakvavAn' ityAdi-prayogaH / 'pakSyati' (pakAvegA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (sabase) pahale hone vAlI pAka (kI avAntara kriyArUpa) vyakti kA hI prAgabhAva jisameM samAviSTa hai aise 'bhaviSyat' kAla kA (jJAna hotA hai) tathA 'pakvavAn' (pakAyA) ityAdi (bhUtakAlika prayogoM) meM (sabase) anta meM hone vAlI pAka (kI avAntara kriyArUpa) vyakti kI hI samApti samAviSTa hai jisameM aise 'bhUta' kAla kA jJAna hotA hai kyoMki ve ve ('pakSyati', 'pakvavAn' ityAdi), samudAya usa prakAra ke jJAna ke kAraNa haiN| isaliye (pUrI) 'pAka' (kriyA) ke madhya meM kisI (avAntara kriyArUpa) pAka-vyakti ke utpanna na hone para bhI (kisI avAntara kriyA ke bhaviSyatkAla meM hone para bhI) tathA kisI (avAntara kriyA-rUpa pAka vyakti) ke atIta meM ho jAne para bhI (kramaza:) 'pakSyati', 'pakvavAn' ityAdi prayoga nahIM hote| [liG' tathA 'loT lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra liGo vidhirAzIzcArthaH / 'yajeta' ityAdau vidhiH, grAzostu 'bhUyAt' ityAdau / sA ca zubhAzaMsanaM tadiccheti yAvat / loTastu vidhiranumatirvA / 'gacchatu' ityatra 'anumativiSayagamanAnukUla kRtimAn' iti bodhasyAnubhavikatvAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 263 'liGa' (lakAra) ke 'vidhi' tathA 'AzIrvAda' (ye do) artha haiN| 'yajeta' (yajana kare) ityAdi meM 'vidhi' (artha) aura 'bhUyAt' (ho) ityAdi meM 'pAzIrvAda' (artha) hai| aura vaha (AzIrvAda kA abhiprAya) zubha kI kAmanA, arthAt usakI icchA, karanA hai| _ 'loT' (lakAra) kA 'vidhi' athavA 'anumati' (svIkRti) artha hai kyoMki 'gacchatu' (jAve) isa prakAra ke kathana meM 'anumati kA viSayabhUta jo gamana usake anukUla kRtivAle (tuma)' isa jJAna kA anubhava hotA hai / 'liGa' lakAra kA do vibhinna arthoM meM vidhAna karate hue pANini ne do sUtroM kI racanA kI hai / pahalA hai- "vidhi-nimantraNAmantraNAdhISTa-samprazna-prArthaneSu liGa" (pA. 3.3.161) tathA dUsarA hai "prAziSi liGloTau' (pA. 3.3.173) / ina meM, ina 'vidhi' Adi arthoM ke vAcaka hone ke kAraNa hI, pahale sUtra se vihita 'liG' ko 'vidhiliG tathA dUsare se vihita 'liG' ko 'pAzIliG' kahA jAtA hai / 'vidhi, "nimaMtraNa' grAdi zabdoM ke arthoM kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai / "AziSi liGloTau" sUtra meM jisa 'pAzI:' pada kA prayoga huaA hai usakA abhiprAya hai 'aprApta jo abhISTa artha usakI prApti kI icchA' / dra..... "aprAptasya iSTArthasya prAptum icchA" (kA0 3.3.173) / isa prakAra kI icchA yA 'pAzI:' apane liye bhI ho sakatI hai tathA dUsare ke liye bhii| aisI icchA ko hI 'pAzIliGa' kahA karatA hai / [vidhi' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM bhATTa-matAnuyAyI mImAMsakoM kA vicAra] vidhiH pravartanA iti bhATTAH / liniSTho vyApAraH padArthAntaram liGapadajJAnam eva vA / tasya pravartanAtvena jJAnaM zabdAdhIna-pravattau kAraNam / liGazravaNe' 'prAcAryo mAM pravartayati' iti jJAnAd gevAnayanAdau pravRtteH / prAcAryaniSTha-pravartanA tu abhiprAya-vizeSa eva-ityAhuH / 'vidhi' (kA abhiprAya hai) pravartanA--yaha kumArila bhaTaT ke anuyAyI (mImAMsaka vidvAn) mAnate haiN| yaha (vidhi' athavA 'pravartanA)' 'liGa' meM rahane vAlA vyApAra hai, tathA eka anya padArtha hai, athavA 'liGa' pada ('liG'-lakAra yukta 'tiGanta' prayoga) kA jJAna hI (vidhi') hai| usa ('liGa' pada-jJAna) kA 'pravartanA' (praraNA) rUpa se jAnanA (hI) (una una 'liG lakAra ke) zabdoM (prayogoM) se hone vAlI 'pravRtti' kA kAraNa hai kyoMki 'liG lakAra' ke sUnane para 'prAcArya mujhe (isa kArya ko karane ke liye) prerita karate haiM' isa ('pravartanA' rUpa) jJAna se gau ko lAne Adi (kAryoM) meM 1. ha0 mi0-jnyaan| 2. ha0 meM anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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264 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUpA (ziSya kI) pravRtti hotI hai| ('gAm pAnayeH' ityAdi kahane vAle) prAcArya meM rahane vAlI preraNA to abhiprAya-vizeSa hai-yaha (bhATaT-matAnuyAyI) kahate haiN| _ vidhi' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM paryApta matabheda pAyA jAtA hai / svayaM mImAMsaka vidvAnoM meM hI isa zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM do varga haiN| pahalA hai kumArila bhaTTa ke anuyAyiyoM kA to dUsarA hai prabhAkara yA gurumata ke anuyAyiyoM kaa| kumArila bhaTTa ke anuyAyI 'vidhi' kA artha 'pravartanA' athavA 'preraNA' karate haiN| ina vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM vidhiliG' ke prayogoM se kisI kArya-vizeSa ko karane ke liye eka prakAra kI preraNA yA 'pravartanA' kA bodha hotA hai| kyoMki jaba kabhI 'vidhiliG' kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to usase niyamataH isa prakAra kI pratIti hotI hai ki isa prayoga kA prayoktA mujhe isa kArya ko karane ke liye prerita kara rahA hai| dra0"bhaTaTpAdAstu pravartayituH pravRttyanukUlo vyApAra-vizeSaH pravartanA ityAhuH" (nyaaykosh)| isa 'prarvatanA' yA preraNA ko hI 'zAbdI bhAvanA' bhI kahA gayA hai| laukika vAkyoM meM prayukta 'vidhiliG' ke prayogoM se pratIta hone vAlI 'pravartanA' ko vaktA puruSa meM vidyamAna abhiprAya-vizeSa mAnA jAtA hai| parantu 'svarga-kAmo yajeta' jaise vaidika vAkyoM meM prayukta 'vidhiliGa' ke prayogoM meM yaha 'pravartanA' yA preraNA puruSaniSTha nahIM mAnI jAtI / kyoMki mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi meM veda apauruSeya haiM, unakA kartA yA vaktA koI nahIM hai| isaliye vaidika vAkyoM meM yaha 'pravartanA' 'liGa' lakAra-niSTha athavA zabdaniSTha mAnI jAtI hai| ina donoM prakAra kI 'pravartanA' ko 'zAbdI bhAvanA' mAnA jAtA hai / 'prarvatanA' ko 'zAbdI bhAvanA' kahane kA mUla kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika vAkyoM meM yaha preraNA zabdaniSTha yA 'liGa'-niSTha mAnI jAtI hai| dra0 -- "tatra puruSa-pravRttyanukUlo bhAvayiturvyApAra-vizeSaH zAbdI bhAvanA / sA ca liGazenocyate / liG-zravaNe'yaM mAM pravartayatIti -- matpravRttyanukUla-vyApAravAn ayam iti - niyamena pratIteH / sa ca vyApAravizeSo laukika-vAkye puruSa-niSTho'bhiprAyavizeSa: / vaidika-vAkye tu puruSAbhAvAt liGgadizabdaniSTha eva / ata eva zAbdI bhAvaneti vyavahriyate' arthasaMgraha (6) / 'zAbdI bhAvanA' se bhinna eka dUsarI bhI bhAvanA hai jise 'yArthI bhAvanA' kahA jAtA hai| kisI vizeSa uddezya kI pUrti kI dRSTi se tadanukUla kriyA ko karane ke liye puruSa kI jo mAnasika pravRtti yA kriyAzIlatA hai use mImAMsaka 'prArthI bhAvanA' kahate haiM / yaha 'prArthI bhAvanA' lakAramAtra athavA prAkhyAtasAmAnya kA vAcya artha mAnA jAtA hai / kyoMki ye mImAMsaka 'vyApAra' ko dhAtu kA artha na mAna kara 'pAkhyAta' kA artha mAnate haiN| dra0-"prayojanecchA-janita-kriyA-viSaya-vyApAra prArthIbhAvanA / sa ca pAkhyAtatvAMzena ucyate / AkhyAta-sAmAnyasya vyApAravAcitvAt' arthasaMgraha (8) / isa rUpa meM 'liGa' lakAra ke prayogoM meM do aMza haiM 'liGtva' aMza tathA 'pAkhyAtatva' aMza / 'pAkhyAtatva' to sabhI 'lakAroM' meM pAyA jAtA hai, isaliye 'pAkhyAtatva' kA vAcya artha 'vyApAra' yA, 'pArthI bhAvanA' sabhI 'lakAroM' meM pAyI jAtI hai| parantu 'zAbdI bhAvanA', kevala 'liGtva' aMza kA hI artha hai isaliye kevala 'liG lakAra ke prayogoM meM hI pAyI jAtI hai / isa prakAra 'liGa' lakAra ke prayogoM meM 'zAbdI bhAvanA' For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 265 tathA 'prArthIbhAvanA' donoM hI hotI haiM 'liGtva' aMza meM 'zAbdI bhAvanA' tathA 'pAkhyAtatva' yA 'lakAratva' aMza meM 'prArthI bhaavnaa'| ina donoM 'bhAvanAmoM kI dRSTi se nimna kArikA draSTavya hai : abhidhAbhAvanAm prAhura anyAm eva liAdayaH / arthAtmabhAvanA tvanyA sarvasyAkhyAtagocarA // taMtravArtika 2.1.1 liniSTho vyApAraH padArthAntaram-yahA~ 'pravartanA' ko 'liG'-niSTha vyApAra tathA 'padArthAntara' kahA gayA hai| isakA abhipraya yaha hai ki yaha 'pravartanA, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'zAbdI bhAvanA' hai, 'liG lakAra ke 'litva' aMza meM rahane vAlI preraNA-rUpa vyApAra hai| aura isa rUpa meM 'pAkhyAtatva' yA 'lakAratva' aMza meM rahane vAle mAnasika vyApAra athavA 'prArthI bhAvanA', se bhinna hai| isaliye 'prArthI bhAvanA' se bhinna hone ke kAraNa ise 'padArthAntara' kahA gayA hai| yahA~ 'padArthAntaram' pada meM 'pada' kA abhiprAya 'padAMza' pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki 'yArthI bhAvanA' 'grAkhthAta'-rUpa 'padAMza' kA artha hai tathA 'zAbdI bhAvanA 'liGtva' rUpa 'padAMza' kA artha hai / 'padAMza' ke liye bhI 'pada' zabda kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa yahA~ donoM hI 'padArtha' haiN| isa taraha 'zAbdI bhAvanA' 'padArthAntara' hai arthAt dUsare 'padArtha ('prArthI bhAvanA') se bhinna hai| isa rUpa meM hI 'padArthAntara' pada kI saMgati laga sakatI hai| liG-pada-jJAnam ...."abhiprAya-vizeSa ityAhuH-Upara 'pravartanA' ko 'liniSTha' eka vyApAra-vizeSa kahA gayA hai| yahA~ 'pravartanA' ko eka dUsare rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai aura vaha yaha hai ki 'liG' pada, arthAt liGtvarUpa padAMza, kA jJAna hI 'pravartanA' hai / isakA abhipraya yaha hai ki --'liGa' kA artha preraNA hotA hai-yaha jJAna hone para hI zrotA ko 'liG lakAra ke prayoga se preraNA milatI hai| isaliye yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki 'liGa' kA jJAna hI 'pravartanA' hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'pravartanA' kA hetu hai| isI bAta ko aura spaSTa karate hue nAgeza ne yaha kahA ki 'liG'-rUpa zabdAMza meM jo pravRtti yA preraNA vidyamAna haiM usakA kAraNa hai 'liG kA pravartanArUpa se jJAna / jaba kabhI vidyArthI apane guru se 'gAma AnayeH,' jaise 'liG lakAra vAle prayoga ko sunatA hai to use yaha jJAta rahatA hai ki guru mujhe isa viziSTa kArya meM pravRtta kara rahe haiM / 'liG' ke prayoga ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke jJAna ke rahane para hI vidyArthI kI, gau ko lAne ityAdi kAryoM meM, pravRtti hotI hai| [naiyAyikoM dvArA uparyukta bhATTa mImAMsakoM ke mata kA khaNDana] tanna, stana-pAnAdi-pravRttau iSTasAdhanatA-jJAnasya hetutAyA AvazyakatvAt tata evopapattau pravartanAjJAnasyA hetutve 1. ha., vaMmi-pravartanAjJAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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266 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA maanaabhaavaat| 'svargakAmoya jeta' ityAdau 'pravartanA-viSayA yAgakaraNikA svargakamikA bhAvanA' iti bodhasya paraira bhyupagamAt / pravartanA-viSayatvamAtrajJAnAt prvRttynupptteH| Avazyaka-svargasAdhanatvAdi-jJAnAd eva tatra pravRttaH / (bhATTa mImAMsakoM kA) vaha (kathana) ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki (zizu) kI dugdhapAna Adi (kAryoM) kI pravRtti meM, 'yaha hamAre abhISTa kI siddhi karane vAlA hai' isa prakAra ke jJAna ko hetu mAnanA Avazyaka hai| (isaliye) isa ('iSTa sAdhanatA-jJAna') se hI sarvatra (loka aura veda meM) saGgati laga jAne para 'pravartanA' jJAna ko (pravRtti kA) hetu mAnane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai| kyoMki 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi (vAkyoM) meM, 'jo preraNA kA viSaya hai, yAga jisameM 'karaNa' hai tathA svarga jisakA 'karma' hai aisI bhAvanA' yaha bodha hotA hai, isa bAta ko dUsaroM (bhATTa mImAMsakoM) ne bhI mAnA hai / ataH kevala 'yaha pravartanA kA viSaya hai' isa jJAna se (kisI kArya meM vyakti kI) pravRtti nahIM hotii| Avazyaka svarga kI sAdhanatA Adi ke jJAna se hI (yajJakartA kI) vahA~ (yAga Adi meM) pravRtti hotI hai / bhATTa mImAMsakoM ke uparyukta mata kA khaNDana karate hue yahAM naiyAyika yaha kahatA hai ki 'pravartanA' yA preraNA ko, kisI kArya meM, vyakti kI pravRtti kA kAraNa yA hetu mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM kyoMki 'pravartanA' yA preraNA ke na hone para bhI kArya meM vyakti kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| jaise janma ke turanta pazcAt sarvathA abodha zizu, jise preraNA kyA hotI hai isa bAta kA thor3A sA bhI jJAna nahIM hai, mAM ke stana-pAna-rUpa kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai| yA isI prakAra pazu pakSiyoM kI, jinheM isa bAta kA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hai ki kArya meM pravRtta hone kA hetu 'pravartanA' (preraNA) hotI hai, vibhinna kAryoM meM pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| isaliye yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki eka mAtra 'pravartanA' (preraNA) hI pravRtti kA hetu hai / ataH ina sabhI uparinirdiSTa sthaloM meM 'pravartanA' se kAma na calane para 'iSTasAdhanatA ke jJAna', arthAt yaha kArya mere abhISTa kI siddhi karane vAlA hai isa prakAra ke jJAna, ko hI pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnanA par3atA hai| aisI sthiti meM 'pravartanA' ko pravRtti kA kAraNa na mAnakara 'iSTa-sAdhanatA-jJAna' ko hI pravRtti kA kAraNa kyoM na mAnA jAya jaba eka kAraNa mAnane se kAma cala jAtA hai to phira do-do kAraNa mAnane kI kyA prAvazyakatA? isake atirikta, naiyAyika kA kahanA yaha hai ki, ye mImAMsaka vidvAn svayaM isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM ki 'svarga-kAmo yajeta' kA abhiprAya "eka aisI 'bhAvanA' hai jo preraNA kA viSaya hai tathA jisakA svarga 'karma' hai aura yAga 'karaNa' hai|" 1. ha0-pravartanAviSaya; kaaprshuu0-prvrtnaavissyo| 2. ha.-parairapyAmyupagamAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 267 ataH yahAM kevala preraNA se kAma nahIM calatA / jaba taka yaha patA nahIM lagatA ki 'yajana' se svargarUpa abhISTa kI prApti yA siddhi hogI, athavA yAga svargarUpa abhISTa kA sAdhana hai, taba taka koI bhI yajana kriyA meM pravRtta nahIM hogaa| ataH, kevala 'pravartanA'-jJAna se kArya meM pravRtti kI siddhi na hone ke kAraNa, 'iSTa-sAdhanatA-jJAna' ko hI pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnanA caahiye| kyoMki vahI eka mAtra pravatti kA hetu hai| 'iSTa-sAdhanatA-jJAna' ke ho jAne para kahIM-kahIM binA 'pravartanA' yA preraNA ke bhI hama vyakti ko una una kAryoM meM pravRtta hugrA pAte hai tathA kahIM 'iSTasAdhanatA-jJAna' ke sAtha sAtha thor3I bahuta preraNA kI aAvazyakatA bhI par3atI hai para vaha preraNA bahuta kucha 'iSTa-sAdhanatA-jJAna' ko hI dRr3ha yA puSTa karane ke liye hotI hai| yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki yadi 'iSTa-sAdhanatA-jJAna' hI pravRtti kA hetu hai to sadyaH utpanna navajAta zizu stanapAna kArya meM athavA abodha pazu pakSI bhinna bhinna kAryoM meM kyoM pravRtta hote haiM-ina sabako to 'iSTasAdhanatA' kA jJAna hotA hI nahIM / isakA uttara nayAyika yaha dete haiM ki ina saba meM bhI 'iSTasAdhanatAjJAna' kA sakSama saMskAra to rahatA hI hai isaliye use pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai / [prAcArya prabhAkara ke anuyAyI mImAMsaka-vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'vidhi' zabda kA artha 'kArya vidhiH' iti praabhaakraaH| 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdau 'svargakA maniyojyakaM yAgaviSayaka kAryam' iti prAthamiko bodhaH / 'saniyojyakaM yAgaviSayakaM sthAyisvargasAdhanaM kAryama' iti dvitIyaH / 'svarga-kAma-niyojyako yAgaH svargakAma-kAryaH' iti tatIyaH / 'svargakAmo yAgakartA' iti caturthaH / 'ahaM svargakAmo'to yAgo matkRtisAdhyaH' iti paJcamaH / 'vidhi' (kA artha) hai 'kArya' (eka vizeSa prakAra kA 'apUrva' yA 'puNya') -yaha (grAcArya) prabhAkara ke anuyAyI mAnate haiN| 'svargakAmo yajeta' (svargAbhilASI yajana kare) ityAdi (vAkyoM) meM "svargAbhilASI hai 'niyojya' (iSTasAdhanatA-jJAna se utpanna karttavya-buddhi vAlA) jisameM tathA yAga hai viSaya jisameM aisA 'kArya' (adRSTa apUrva)" yaha pahalA jJAna hotA hai| "niyojya (vyakti) ke sAtha rahane vAlA yAgaviSayaka 'kArya' (apUrva) sthAyI tathA svarga kA sAdhana hai" yaha dUsarA jJAna hotA hai| "svargAbhilASI hai 'niyojya' (iSTasAdhanatAjJAna se utpanna karttavya-buddhi vAlA) jisameM aisA yAga (usa) svargecchuka vyakti ke dvArA kiyA jAnA cAhiye"-yaha tIsarA jJAna hotA hai| "svargA1. ha0-kArya / 2. ha0 meM yaha pUrA pada anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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268 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta garama laghu-maMjUSA bhilASI yAga kA karane vAlA hai" yaha cauthA jJAna hotA hai / "maiM svargAbhilASI hUM prata: merI 'kRti' ( prayatnoM) ke dvArA yAga sAdhya hai" yaha pA~cavA~ jJAna hotA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prAcArya prabhAkara mizra ke anuyAyI mImAMsakoM kA dhyAna isa prasaGga meM dUsarI tarapha gyaa| ina vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki kisI bhI uddezya kI siddhi ke liye yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki 'sAdhana' meM Avazyaka guNa vidyamAna hoN| jaise-- 'ghaTena jalam zrAnaya' isa vAkya meM jalAnayana-rUpa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye sAdhanabhUta ghaTa kA chidra rahita-rUpa yogyatA se yukta honA grAvazyaka hai| isI prakAra yAga jo svarga kA sAdhana hai usameM bhI isa prakAra kI yogyatA honI cAhiye ki vaha yAjaka ko svarga kI prApti karA ke / parantu yaha yogyatA usameM nahIM hai kyoMki vaha kSaNika hai - zIghra hI naSTa ho jAne hai | isaliye mRtyu ke uparAnta milane vAle svarga kA sAdhana vaha nahIM bana sakatA / ataH yahAM yAga meM eka aise 'apUrva' yA 'gradRSTa' dharma kI kalpanA karanI hI cAhiye jisameM svarga kA sAdhana banane kI yogyatA ho / jo svarga kI avadhi taka sthira rahane vAlA ho / yaha 'pUrva' yA 'graiSTa' dharma yAga se hI utpanna ho sakatA hai ata: vaha yAga se sambaddha hai | isa rUpa meM yAga ke dvArA 'apUrva' kI utpatti tathA usa 'prapUrva' ke dvArA svarga kI siddhi hone se paramparayA yAga bhI svarga prApti kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| yahAM 'kArya' zabda kA artha hai 'kRti' kA uddezya, athavA 'kRti' - sAdhya eka vizeSa 'apUrva', jisake dvArA svarga kI prApti hotI / isaliye vaidika vAkyoM kI dRSTi se isa 'kArya' athavA 'apUrva' ko hI 'vidhi' zabda kA artha mAnanA cAhiye | AcArya prabhAkara mizra ke prabala anuyAyI tathA samarthaka mahAmahopAdhyAya zAlikanAtha mizra kI prakaraNapaMcikA kI nimna kArikAyeM meM isa prasaMga meM draSTavya haiM : -- kriyA hi kSaNikatvena na kAlAntarabhAvinaH / svargAde: kAmyamAnasya samartha jananaM prati // iSTasyA janikA sA ca niyojyena phalArthinA / kAryatvena na sambandham arhati kSaraNabhaGiganI // tasmAn niyojya-sambandha-samarthavidhivAcibhiH / kArya kAryAntarasthAyi kriyAto bhinnam ucyate // taddhi kAlAntarasthAnAt zakta svargAdisiddhaye / sambandho'pyupadyeta niyojyenAsya kAminA || kriyAdibhinnaM yat kAryaM vedya mAnAnteranaM tat / to mAnAntarApUrvam pUrvam iti gIyate // ( kArikA saM. 274-78 ) jahAM taka laukika vAkyoM kA sambandha hai unameM pravRtti kA hetu hai 'kAryatA-jJAna', arthAt yaha kArya mujhe karanA cAhiye, yaha merA kartavya hai, isa prakAra kI karttavyabuddhi | vaha karttavya buddhi athavA kAryatA-jJAna taba taka nahIM utpanna hotA jaba taka 'iSTa-sAdhanatA' kA jJAna na ho jAya / jaba taka yaha patA nahIM lagatA ki isa kArya se kisI abhISTa kI siddhi hogI taba taka karttavya - buddhi kA udaya nahIM hotA / ataH 'kArya' prarthAt 'kAryatA For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 266 jJAna' ko sarvatra pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnanA caahiye| isa dRSTi se prakaraNapacikA kI nimna kArikAyeM bhI draSTavya hai :-- prAstAM tAvat kriyA loke gamanAgamanakriyA / antataH stanyapAnAdistRptikAriga yapi kriyA / / sA yAvan mama kAryeyam iti naivAvadhAryate / tAvat kadApi me tatra pravRttirabhavana nahi // kAryameva hi sarvatra pravRttAvekakAraNam / pravRttyabhicAritvAla liGAdyartho'vadhAryate // (kArikA saM0 258, 256,265) arthAt gamana, prAgamana tathA stanyapAna Adi jitanI bhI kriyAyeM haiM unameM jaba taka yaha nicita nahIM ho jAtA ki yaha kArya merA hai, taba taka kisI bhI kriyA meM pravRtti nahIM hotii| isaliye sarvatra pravRtti meM 'kArya' (kartavya-buddhi) hI hetu hai| ataH vahI 'liG Adi kA artha ('vidhi') hai| naiyAyika 'iSTa-sAdhanatA, 'kRtisAdhyatA tathA 'balavad-aniSTAnanubandhitva' ina tInoM ko pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnatA hai / parantu ina tInoM ko kAraNa mAnane kI apekSA eka 'kArya' (kAryatA-jJAna) ko pravRtti kA kAraNa mAnane meM lAghava hai| isaliye laukika prayogoM kI dRSTi se yaha kArya (kAryatA-jJAna) hI 'vidhi' kA artha hai| yahA~ 'apUrva' jaise kisI adRSTa dharma ko 'vidhi' kA artha mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki 'tRpti-kAmaH paceta' (bhojana-tRpti kA abhilASI khAnA pakAve) jaise laukika prayogoM meM pAka Adi tRpti rUpa phala ke sAdhana haiM,--arthAt tRpti-rUpa phala ke utpAdana kI yogyatA pAka meM hai- isa bAta kA jJAna laukika-pratyakSa Adi pramANoM dvArA hI ho jAtA hai| isaliye yahAM to kAryatA-jJAna se ho kAma cala jAtA hai, 'kArya' (apUrva) kI kalpanA nahIM karanI pdd'tii| parantu vaidika prayogoM ('svargakAmaH yajeta' ityAdi) meM yAga svarga kA sAdhana hai, yAga meM svargotpAdana kI yogyatA hai, isa bAta kA jJAna kisI taraha bhI vyakti ko nahIM ho paataa| isake viparIta yaha AzaMkA bhale hI hotI hai ki kSaNika yAga dIrghakAla-sthAyI svarga kA sAdhana kaise ho sakatA hai| isaliye yahAM 'kArya' kA artha 'apUrva' yA 'adRSTa' karane kI AvazyakatA hai| ____ isa taraha vaidika vAkyoM kI dRSTi se indriyAtIta 'apUrva' athavA 'kArya' ko 'vidhi' kA artha mAnate hue usakI upapatti ke liye ina mImAMsakoM ne 'svargakAmo yajeta' jaise vaidika vAkyoM meM kramazaH upasthita hone vAle pAMca arthoM kI kalpanA kii| __ svarga-kAmo 'prAthamiko bodha:-prathama artha meM yaha jJAna hotA hai ki 'yajeta' pada meM jo 'liG' lakAra kA prayoga kiyA gayA usakA artha hai eka aise 'apUrva' ko apanI 'kRti' dvArA prApta karanA jisameM svargAbhilASI vyakti 'niyojya' hai tathA yAga 'viSaya' arthAt For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 300 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA 'kAraNa' hai / isa prathama bodha meM itanA spaSTa hotA hai ki svargAbhilASI vyakti yAga ke dvArA 'apUrva' ( kArya ) ko prApta kare / isa taraha isa prathama bodha meM 'apUrva' kI upasthiti karAyI gayI kyoMki isa atIndriya 'apUrva' kA jJAna kisI aura taraha to ho hI nahIM sakatA / saniyojyakaM dvitIyaH - dvitIya bodha meM itanA aura patA lagA ki vaha 'apUrva' ( 'kArya') niyojya', (svargecchuka vyakti ) ke sAtha sadA rahane vAlA hai, yAga ke samAna kSaNika nahIM hai, apitu sthAyI hai / isaliye vaha 'apUrva' svarga kA sAdhana haiM / isa prakAra 'apUrva' meM dIrgha kAla-sthAyitA tathA isa kAraNa svargasAdhanatA kA pratipAdana isa dvitIya-bodha meM karAyA gayA / aura isa sthAyI evaM svarga ke sAghanabhUta 'apUrva' kA kAraNa yA sAdhana yAga hai, isaliye paramparayA yAga svarga kA sAdhana hai-- isa bAta kA bhI pratipAdana isI dvitIya artha meM ho jAtA hai / ... Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir svarga - kAma tRtIya: isa rUpa meM paramparayA yAga kI svarga-sAdhanatA ke siddha ho jAne para 'yajana karanA svargAbhilASI kA kartavya haiM' isa bAta kA bhI bodha isI vAkya se hotA hai / isI ko yahAM tRtIya artha mAnA gayA / yahA~ Akara yAga me 'kAryatA' kI upapatti hotI hai, arthAt svargAbhilASI vyakti ko yAga kyoM karanA cAhiye isakA uttara yahA~ milatA hai, aura vaha yaha hai ki yAga se eka 'apUrva' kI utpatti hotI hai jo svarga kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai, ataH paramparayA yAga bhI svarga kA sAdhana hai| isa prakAra'yAga svarga kA sAdhana hai' isa iSTa sAdhanatA-jJAna se svargecchuka vyakti meM yAga karane kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / isalie pravRtti meM hetu hone ke kAraNa isa tRtIya artha ko hI mukhya zAbdabodha mAnA gayA / svarga- kAmo yAgakartA iti caturtha : - 'svargAbhilASI vyakti yAga kA 'kartA' hai' isa caturtha artha kI kalpanA to isaliye kI gayI ki usake dvArA 'kArya' ('apUrva') ke liye jo yAga Adi prayatna kiye jAne haiM unake grAzraya kA bodha karAyA jA sake / 'kArya' 'kRti' - sAdhya hai isaliye 'kArya' ke sAtha hI 'kRti' bhI upasthita hogI / usa 'kRti' kA grAzraya svargAbhilASI vyakti hai - kevala itanA batAnA hI isa caturtha bodha meM abhipreta hai / grahaM paMcamaH - ina cAroM bovoM kA upasaMhAra athavA niSkarSa pA~caveM bodha meM prastuta kiyA gayA - " maiM svargAbhilASI hU~ ataH yAga merI kRti se sAdhya hai" / [ kevala eka prakAra ke artha kI kalpanA se kAma nahIM cala sakatA ] na ca prathama eva svarga-kAma-kAryo yAga iti bodho'stu / tathA ca ' kAryatve' eva zaktirna 'kArye' iti vAcyam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 301 yAgAdi-kriyAyAM niyojyAnvayaM vinA kAryatvAnvayAnupapatta: / niyojyatvaM hi kriyA-niSTha-kAmya-sAdhanatAjJAnAdhInaM2 matkAryam iti bodhavattvam / tacca svargakAmanA-viziSTe yogyatAvacchedakatayA bhaaste| 'ghaTena jalam prAhara' ityatra ghaTe chidretaratvavat / prathama (vodha) meM hI--'svargAbhilASI (vyakti) ke dvArA yAga kiyA jAnA cAhiye' yaha jJAna hotA hai aura isa prakAra ('liGa' kI) zakti 'kAryatA' ('kartavyatA' arthAt 'kiyA jAnA cAhiye' isa artha) meM hai 'kArya' ('apUrva') meM nahIM-yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki yAga grAdi kriyA meM niyojya' ('yaha kArya mere iSTa kA sAdhana hai' isa jJAna se utpanna kartavyatAbuddhi-vAle vyakti) kA sambandha hue binA kartavyatA kA sambandha usameM susaGgata nahIM hotaa| 'niyojyatA (kA abhiprAya) hai kriyA meM sthita jo abhISTa kA sAdhana bananA rUpa dharma usake jJAna se utpanna 'yaha merA kartavya hai' 'isa prakAra kI bhAvanA se yukta honA / aura vaha (niyojyatA') svarga kI kAmanA se yukta (vyakti) meM yogyatA ke bodhaka rUpa meM bhAsita hotI hai| jisa prakAra ghar3e se jala lAmo' yahAM ghar3e meM chidra-rahitatA (jala lAne kI yogyatA kA bodhaka hai usI prakAra svargAbhilASI vyakti meM yajana kI yogyatA kA sUcaka niyojyatA hai)| AcArya prabhAkara ke mata ke anuyAyI vidvAnoM kI isa prakriyA ke viSaya meM yaha pUchA jA sakatA haiM ki aisA kyoM na mAnA jAya ki prathama bodha meM hI - 'svargAbhilASI vyakti ko yAga karanA cAhiye yaha jJAna utpanna hotA hai tathA isa rUpa meM 'liG' kA vAcyArtha 'kArya' arthAt 'apUrva'-vizeSa na mAna kara 'kAryatA' arthAt 'kartavya-bhAvanA' ko mAnA jAya, itanI lambI prakriyA mAnane tathA usake upapAdana ke liye pAMca prakAra ke arthoM kI kalpanA karane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? isa kA uttara ye mImAMsaka yaha dete haiM ki yAga Adi kisI bhI kriyA meM 'yaha kAyaM mujhe karanA cAhiye--- yaha merA kartavya hai' isa prakAra kI bhAvanA taba taka nahIM utpanna ho sakatI jaba taka yaha jJAna nahIM ho jAtA ki yaha kriyA mere abhISTa ko siddha karane vAlI hai, arthAt 'iSTa-sAdhanatA' se kartavya-jJAna kI utpatti ho jAne para hI kartavyabhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| isI bAta ko paribhASika zabdoM meM yahA~ yoM kahA gayA ki 'niyojya' kA sambandha hue binA yAga Adi kriyAoM meM 'kAryatA' kA sambandha nahIM bana sakatA / yAga mere abhISTa svarga kA sAdhaka hai isaliye yAga mujhe karanA cAhiye isa 1. ha. meM yaha pUrA vAkyA chUTA huA hai| 2. nisa0, kAprazu0 -jJAnAdhIna / hai-jnyaankaaliin| 3. ha0, vaMmi0-bodhajanakatvam / 4. nisa0, kAprazu0-tatta / For Private and Personal Use Only

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302 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA prakAra ke jJAna se yukta vyakti hI 'niyojya' zabda kA abhiprAya hai| yaha 'niyojyatA' dharma usa kArya ke karane vAle vyakti meM rahatA hai, jaba taka yaha 'niyojyatA' athavA kartavya bhAvanA nahIM utpanna hotI taba taka usa vyakti meM usa kArya ko karane kI yogyatA nahIM pA sktii| isa liye yaha 'niyojyatA' usa vyakti kI kArya kara sakane kI yogyatA kA bodha usI prakAra karAtI hai jisa prakAra 'ghar3e se jala lAo' isa vAkya meM 'chidra-rahitatA' jala lA pAne kI ghaTa sambandhI yogyatA kA bodha karAtI hai| jaba taka ghar3A chidra-rahita nahIM hogA taba taka usase jala nahIM lAyA jA sakatA - jala lAne kI yogyatA ghar3e meM nahIM hogii| isI prakAra jaba taka vyakti meM 'niyojyatA' nahIM pAtI taba vaha vyakti usa kriyA ko karane kI yogyatA se yukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra 'iSTasAdhanatAjJAna' se utpanna hone vAlI kartavya-buddhi hI sabhI kAryoM meM pravatti kA hetu hai| [pA~coM prakAra ke arthoM kA upapAdana] na ca yA ge svarga-sAdhanatva-jJAnaM vinedazaM niyojyatvaM bhAtum arhati / na vA yAge svargasAdhanatvaM prathamameva zakyaM jJAtum / taddhi sAkSAt paramparayA vA / nAdyaH / AzUvinAzino yAgasya kAlAntara-'bhAvi-svargarUpa-phale sAkSAd ahetutvAt / nAntya: / paramparAghaTakA'pUrvAnupasthiteH / ataH 'yAgaviSayaka kAryam' iti prathamabodhAd apUrvopasthitau tadvArA yAge svargasAdhanatvagrahAt tatra kAryatvabodha ityuktam / niyojyatvaM ca padAnupasthitam api yogyatayA zAbdabodhe bhAsate, 'dvAram' ityasya 'pidhehi' itivat / yAga meM svargasAdhanatA-jJAna ke binA isa prakAra kI (uparyukta) 'niyojyatA' prakaTa nahIM ho sakatI aura na hI (prathama bodha meM) yAga meM svarga kI sAdhanatA jAnI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki (yAga meM) svarga-sAdhanatA sAkSAt mAnI jAya yA paramparayA ? prathama vikalpa isa liye ThIka nahIM hai ki zIghra hI naSTa ho jAne vAlA yAga (bahuta) samaya ke bAda hone vAle svarga-rUpa 'phala' meM sAkSAt hetU nahIM hai / antima vikalpa isaliye ThIka nahIM hai ki paramparA (yAga tathA svarga ke madhya) meM rahane vAle 'apUrva' kA jJAna (uparyukta vAkya kA eka artha karane meM) nahIM ho pAtA / isaliye "yAgaviSayaka 'kArya' (apUrva)" isa prathama bodha ke dvArA 'apUrva' kA jJAna karA dene ke bAda usa 'apUrva' ke dvArA yAga meM svargasAdhanatA kA nizcaya ho jAne se vahAM (yAga meM) 'kAryatA' ('yaha kArya karanA 1. ha.- yajJe / 2. ha. - jJAtum / 3. nisa0, kAprazU0 ---kAlantarabhAvini / For Private and Personal Use Only

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303 lakArArtha-nirNaya cAhiye' isa jJAna) kA bodha hotA hai, yaha kahA gayA hai| 'niyojyatA' yadyapi zabda dvArA nahIM kahI gayI phira bhI 'yogyatA' (AkAMkSA) ke kAraNa, jisa prakAra 'dvAram' (daravAjA) kahane para, 'pidhehi' (banda karo) kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra, zAbdabodha meM usakA jJAna hotA hai / ____ yAga se 'apUrva' kI utpatti hotI hai aura vaha 'apUrva' svarga kA sAdhana hai / ata: 'apUrva' kA sAdhana yAga bhI parasparayA svarga kA sAdhana hai| yaha saba jo kucha Upara kahA gayA usI kI puSTi yahAM kI jA rahI hai| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtti hone ke liye 'niyojyatA'- arthAt yaha kArya mere iSTa kA sAdhaka hai mataH mujhe yaha kArya karanA cAhiye isa prakAra kI kartavya-baddhi --kA honA Avazyaka hai| spaSTa hai ki yAga meM yaha 'niyojyatA' taba taka nahIM utpanna ho sakatI jaba taka yaha na patA lagA jAya ki yAga svarga kA sAdhana hai / aura sIdhe sIdhe yAga ko svarga kA sAdhana batAyA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki yAga kSaNika hai, zIghra hI naSTa ho jAne vAlA hai, jabaki svargarUpa 'phala' kahIM mRtyu ke uparAnta milane vAlA hai| isaliye yAga ko sAkSAt svarga kA sAdhana nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / paramparA se bhI yAga taba taka svarga kA sAdhana nahIM bana sakatA jaba taka yAga se 'apUrva' yA 'adRSTa puNya' kI utpatti kI kalpanA ko na mAnA jAya / isaliye yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'svarga-kAmo yajeta' isa vAkya ke prathama artha meM yAga se utpanna (yAga hai 'karaNa' yA sAdhana jisakA aise) 'apUrva' ko jo svarga kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai, prastuta kiyA jAya / aura usake bAda dvitIya artha meM, usa 'apUrva' kI svarga:sAdhanatA ke dvArA paramparayA, arthAt 'apUrva' svarga kA sAdhana hai aura yAga 'apUrva' kA sAdhana hai isalie, yAga bhI svarga kA sAdhana hai isa bAta kA nizcaya karAyA jAya / isa prakAra yAga meM svarga-sAdhanatA-jJAna ke nizcaya ho jAne ke uparAnta tRtIya artha meM yaha jJAna karAyA jAya ki, yAga svarga kA sAdhana hai isaliye, svargAbhilASI ko yAga karanA caahiye| isa rUpa meM yAga-viSayaka pravRtti meM hetu hone ke kAraNa yaha tRtIya bodha hI pramukha hai| caturtha tathA paMcama bodha to kramazaH 'kRti' kI prAzrayatA tathA yAga-viSayaka pravRtti ke utpAdana ke liye kalpita kiye gaye haiN| vastutaH ina pA~ca prakAra ke bodhoM meM vaidika-vAkyoM kI dRSTi se bhI prathama tathA tRtIya hI Avazyaka haiM / dvitIya, caturtha tathA paMcama artha to eka taraha se mAnasika artha hI haiM / yadyapi spaSTIkaraNa ke liye ve bhI Avazyaka haiM, parantu laukika prayogoM meM prathama tathA dvitIya bodha bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai kyoMki vahAM laukika, pratyakSa prAdi, pramANoM ke dvArA hI una-una kriyAnoM kI 'phala'-sAdhanatA jJAta haiN| apanI zabdazaktiprakAzikA meM jagadIza bhaTTAcArya ne-vaidika vAkyoM meM - kevala prathama tathA tRtIya ye do hI bodha prabhAkara matAnuyAyI mImAMsakoM ko abhimata haiM-yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai / (dra0-pR0 423) niyojyatvaM ca .... itivat-- 'svargakAmo yajeta' isa vAkya ke artha meM 'niyojyatA' kI bAta kahIM zabda dvArA nahIM kahI gayI hai / phira bhI isa vAkya se hone vAle 'zAbdabodha' meM 'yAkAMkSA' ke dvArA usakI pratIti ho jaaygii| kyoMki svargaprApti kA abhilASI hone For Private and Personal Use Only

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304 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA para bhI pratyeka vyakti yAga meM pravRtta nahIM hogA apitu vahI yAga karegA jisameM 'niyojyatA' hogI, jo isa prakAra ke vizvAsa se yukta hai ki yAga, 'apUrva' kI utpatti ke dvArA, svarga kA sAdhana hai / yahAM nAgeza ne 'yogyatA' zabda kA jo prayoga kiyA hai vaha, pAribhASika na hokara 'AkAMkSA' ke liye huA hai| [vidhi' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM naiyAyirko kA mata] 'pravartaka-jJAna-viSayo vidhir iti naiyAyikAH' / pravartakatvaM ca kRtisAdhyatva-iSTasAdhanatva-balavad-aniSTAnanubandhitvAnAM jJAnam / atas teSu liG-zaktitrayam / sumeruzRGgAharaNa-niSphalAcaraNa-madhu-viSa-sampRktAnna-bhojaneSu pravRtti vAraNAya yathAsaGkhyaM trayANAm eva jJAnaM pravartakam / / __yattu samudite zaktir ekaiveti tanna / vizeSya-vizeSaNavinigamakAbhAvena triSveva pRthak zakteH / evaM ca 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdau "svargakAmIyo yAga: kRtizAdhyaH, iSTa-sAdhanaM, balavad-aniSTAnanubandhI ca" iti bodha -ityeke / pravartaka (preraka) jJAna hai viSaya (janya athavA utpAdya) jisakA aisI vidhi' ('vidhi' zabda kA artha) hai-- yaha naiyAyika mAnate haiM / aura yatna se sAdhya honA, abhISTa kA sAdhana honA tathA prabala aniSTa kA utpAdaka na honA----ina (tInoM) kA jJAna (hI) pravartakatA hai| isaliye ina (tInoM arthoM) meM 'liG' (lakAra) kI tIna prakAra kI zaktiyAM haiM / sumeru (parvata) kI coTI ko lAne, niSprayojana kArya karane tathA zahada aura viSa se mizrita anna ko khAne (jaise kAryoM) meM pravRtti ke nivAraNa ke liye kramazaH (uparinirdiSTa) tInoM prakAra ke jJAnoM ko pravartaka mAnanA caahiye| jo (yaha kahA jAtA hai ki) tInoM jJAnoM ke samudAya meM eka ho zakti hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki (ina tInoM jJAnoM meM) vizeSya-vizeSaNa (pradhAnaapradhAna bhAva) ke nizcAyaka pramANa ke na hone ke kAraNa alaga alaga tInoM meM zakti hai / isa prakAra 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi meM yAga svargAbhilASI (vyakti) ke prayatna sesAdhya hai, usa ke abhISTa svarga kA sAdhana hai tathA kisI prabala aniSTa kA utpAdaka nahIM hai, yaha jJAna hotA hai-aisA kucha prAcArya kahate haiN| naiyAyika vidvAna 'vidhi' ko, kArya meM vyakti kI pravRtti kA, janaka mAnate haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'vidhi' kA viSaya, arthAta janya, hai pravartaka jJAna / usa pravartaka athavA 1. nisa0, kAprazu0 ---pravartakaM / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 305 preraka jJAna se hI koI bhI vyakti kisI kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM pravRttijanaka jJAna hI pravartaka jJAna hai| naiyAyikoM ke isa pravartaka jJAna meM tIna taraha ke avAntara jJAna samAviSTa haiM / pahalA yaha jJAna ki jo kArya karanA hai vaha 'kartA ke prayatnoM se sAdhya hai-asAdhya nahIM hai / dUsarA yaha jJAna ki usa kArya ko karane se kartA ke abhISTa kI siddhi hogI-baha kArya kisI abhISTa prayojana kA sAdhana hai| tIsarA yaha jJAna ki usa kArya ke karane se jisa iSTa kI prApti honI hai usase bar3A koI aniSTa usa kArya se utpanna nahIM hogaa| ina tInoM ke jJAna se hI vyakti kArya meM, pravRtta hotA hai| kArya ke sAdhya na hone ke kAraNa koI vyakti sumeruparvata kI coTI ko lAne meM pravRtta nahIM hotA, bhale hI usase svarNa Adi kI prApti ho / kisI abhISTa kA sAdhana na hone ke kAraNa koI vyakti, nadI kI lahareM ginanA jaise, kisI niSprayojana kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA / isI prakAra viSamizrita bhojana, jisa tRpti rUpa abhISTa kA sAdhana hai usase adhika, prabala aniSTa (mRtyu) kA utpAdaka hogA isaliye aise bhojana meM koI pravRtta nahIM hotA / ataH pravRtti ke ina tInoM hetuoM kI dRSTi se 'liGa' meM tIna prakAra kI vAcakatA-zakti kI kalpanA naiyAyika karate haiM / kRtisAdhyatA kI dRSTi se prathama zakti, iSTa sAdhanatA kI dRSTi se dUsarI zakti tathA prabala aniSTa kA nimitta na banane kI dRSTi se tIsarI zakti kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| yatta samuvite zaktiH .. ' ityeke-kucha vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki kRti-sAdhyatA' tathA 'balavad-aniSTa-ananubandhitA' ina donoM se viziSTa jo 'iSTasAdhanatA' hai vahI 'vidhi' kA artha hai| ina vidvAnoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' meM dhAtu kI eka 'zakti' mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra 'liG' kI bhI tInoM arthoM meM eka hI 'zakti' mAnanI caahiye| tInoM jJAnoM kI dRSTi se tIna zaktiyAM mAnane para tIna hI 'zakyatAvacchedaka' yA zakyArtha mAnane hoMge jisameM anAvazyaka gaurava hogaa| 'kRti-sAdhyatA' tathA 'balavad-aniSTa-ananubandhitA' se viziSTa iSTa-sAdhana ko 'vidhi' artha mAnane vAle vidvAnoM kA khaNDana karate hue yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki yadi tInoM jJAnoM kI dRSTi se 'liG' kI pRthak pRthak tInoM zaktiyA~ na mAnI gayIM to isa bAta kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakegA ki kauna sA artha pradhAna hai tathA kauna sA artha gauNa / kyoMki 'zakti' se atirikta aura pramANa hI kyA ho sakatA hai| jagadIza bhaTTAcArya ne apanI zabdazaktiprakAzikA grantha meM isa mata kA vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai / (dra010 412-413) / yahAM unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki vizeSya-vizeSaNa-bhAva ke vyatyAsa, arthAt kramaviparyaya, se ina viziSTa zaktivAdiyoM ko tIna ke badale chaH prakAra kI zakti mAnanI hogI jisameM aura bhI gaurava hogaa| tathA 'zyenena abhicaran yajeta' ityAdi vaidika vAkyoM ko aprAmANika mAnanA hogA kyoMki ve aniSTa hiMsA yA pApa ke utpAdaka haiN| isaliye. viziSTa 'iSTa-sAdhanatA' ke AdhAra para liGa' kI eka 'zakti' na mAnakara, uparinirdiSTa paddhati se tInoM jJAnoM kI dRSTi se tIna bhinna bhinna zaktiyA~ mAnanI caahiye| isa prakAra bhinna bhinna tIna zaktiyAM mAnane para 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi vAkyoM meM-svargAbhilASI dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yAga usake prayatnoM se sAdhya hai, yAga iSTa-rUpa For Private and Personal Use Only

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306 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA svarga kA sAdhana hai tathA usase kisI prabala aniSTa kI utpatti nahIM hotI - isa prakAra kA bodha hotA hai - aisA naiyAyikoM kA eka varga mAnatA hai / [ 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi prayogoM meM naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta-mata ke anusAra 'prabheda'sambandha se hI zranvaya sambhava ] vastuto nAmArthadhAtvarthayor bhedena sAkSAd anvayasya zravyu - tpannatayA, 'tAdRza-yAgAnukUla - kRtimAn svargakAmaH' ityeva bodhaH / kRtisAdhyatvaM ca pravRttisAdhyatvam / ato na samudratararaNAdau pravRttiH / iSTa sAdhanatvaM ca iSTa-niSTha - sAdhyatA -nirUpakatvam / grato na tRptasya bhojane pravRttiH / balavad-praniSTAnanubandhitvaM tu svajanya - iSTotpattinAntarIyaka- duHkhAdhika- duHkhAjanakatvam / 'nahi sukhaM duHkhairvinA labhyate' iti nyAyena nAntarIyakaM kiMcid duHkham iSTotpattau avazyambhAvi / tadatirikta duHkha rAhityameva tattvam / vastutaH, nAmArtha tathA dhAtvartha kA bheda sambandha se sAkSAd anvaya mAnA nahIM jAtA isaliye, "vaise ('prayatna sAdhya', 'iSTa ke sAdhana' tathA 'prabala graniSTa ke anutpAdaka') yAga ke anukUla prayatna vAlA svargAbhilASI" yahI bodha ( svargakAmo yajeta' isa vAkya kA) mAnanA caahiye| 'kRti - sAdhyatA' ( kA abhiprAya ) hai pravRtti ( prayatna ) se sAdhya honA / isIliye ( prayatna - sAdhya na hone ke kAraNa) samudra-taraNa Adi (asambhava kAryoM) meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / 'iSTasAdhanatA' ( kA abhiprAya) hai iSTa meM vidyamAna jo sAdhyatA usakA sAdhana bananA / isI - liye (iSTa kA sAdhana na hone ke kAraNa ) bhojana kiye hue vyakti kI (punaH) bhojana meM pravRti nahIM hotI / 'prabala aniSTa kI anutpAdakatA' ( kA abhiprAya) hai apane (yAga Adi kAryoM) se utpanna hone vAle iSTa kI utpatti meM jo anivArya duHkha usase adhika duHkha kA utpAdaka na bnnaa| 'sukha binA duHkha ke prApta nahIM hotA' isa nyAya ke anusAra iSTa kI utpatti meM kucha anivArya duHkha to avazya hI hogA / ( isaliye) usa (anivArya duHkha) se atirikta duHkha kI rahitatA hI 'balavad-aniSTa prananubandhitA' hai / 'liGa' ke artha ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki 'svargakAmo yajeta' isa vAkya meM 'svargakAma:' isa 'nAma' ( prAtipadika) zabda ke artha tathA 'yajeta' isa 'tiGanta' pada ke artha kA bheda sambandha se anvaya karane ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'paSThI' Adi 1. ha0 meM 'niSTa' pada nahIM hai / 2. ha0 - dukhAvadhika mi0 -- duHkhetara | For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 307 'nAm-vibhaktiyoM kA anvaya meM prayoga kiyA jAya / kyoMki eka paribhASA hai ki "nAmArtha-dhAtvarthayor bheda-sambandhena na sAkSAd anvyH"| isa prakAra kI eka anya paribhASA' kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai (dra0 -pR0 166, 187-68) / yadi 'SaSThI' Adi vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA to bheda-sambandha se anvaya na hokara abhedasambandha se hI anvaya hogaa| yahAM SaSThI jaisI koI vibhakti prayukta nahIM hai, isaliye 'svargAbhilASI kA yAga' isa rUpa meM anvaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| apitu abheda sambandha se 'yAgAnukula prayatna vAlA svargAbhilASI' isI rUpa meM anvaya kiyA jAyagA / ['brAhmaNo na hantavyaH,' isa prayoga ke artha ke viSaya meM, 'liG' ke artha kI dRSTi se, vicAra] 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' ityAdau naJaH kRtisAdhyatva-iSTasAdhanatva-niSedhe svArasyAbhAvAt tena balavad aniSTAnanubandhitva-niSedhAd 'brAhmaNavadho balavad-aniSTa-janaka:' ityarthaH paryavasyati / etena samudite liG-zaktikalpanam apAstam / 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' (brAhmaNa ko nahIM mAranA cAhiye) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM kRtisAdhyatA tathA iSTasAdhanatA ke niSedha meM 'na' kI saGgati na lagane ke kAraNa usa ('naJ') ke dvArA prabala duHkha kI anutpAdakatA kA (hI) niSedha kiye jAne se 'brAhmaNa kA vadha prabala aniSTa kA janaka hai' yaha artha antataH jJAta hotA hai| isa (kevala 'balavad-aniSTa-anana bandhitA' ke niSedha meM hI svArasya hone ke) kAraNa '(kRtisAdhya', 'iSTasAdhana' tathA 'balavad-aniSTa-ananubandhI' ina tInoM arthoM ke) samudAya meM 'liGkI (eka) 'zakti' kI kalpanA khaNDita ho gyii| ____ 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' jaise prayogoM meM 'na' ke artha 'abhAva' meM 'liG' ke arthoM meM se kevala 'balavad-aniSTa-ananubandhitA' kA hA anvaya hotA hai| kyoMki 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' isa vAkya kA yahI abhiprAya hai ki brAhmaNa ko mArane se mahAn pApa utpanna hotA hai, arthAt brAhmaNa-vadha prabala aniSTa kA anutpAdaka nahIM hai apitu utpAdaka hai / 'liGa' ke anya do arthoM-'kRti-sAdhyatA' tathA 'iSTa-sAdhanatA' meM 'abhAva' kA anvaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki brAhmaNa-vadha 'kRti-sAdhya' bhI hai tathA kabhI 'iSTa-sAdhana' bhI ho sakatA hai| isa taraha yahA~ 'liG' ke kevala eka artha ke hI niSedha hone ke kAraNa yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki 'liG' ke tInoM artha bhinna-bhinna haiM / ataH yaha kahanA ki 'liG' ke uparyukta tInoM arthoM ke samudAya yA samanvaya kI dRSTi se 'liG' meM eka hI vAcakatA 'zakti' hai, khaNDita ho jAtA hai| tInoM arthoM kI dRSTi se 'liG lakAra kI tIna vAcakatA 'zakti' kI kalpanA hI ucita hai / yahA~ 'liG lakAra ke artha-vicAra ke prasaMga meM 'tavyat' pratyayAnt 'hantavyaH' zabda vAle vAkya ko, sambhavataH 'liG lakAra ke prayoga 'brAhmaNaM na hanyAt' ke artha se abhinna 1. nisa0, kAprazu0-liGaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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308 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA artha vAlA hone ke kAraNa, prastuta kiyA gayA hai tathA usake grAdhAra para samudAya meM 'zakti' mAnane ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / [ " pratyayAnAM prakRtyarthAnvita svArtha- bodhakatvam" isa paribhASA ke prakAza meM 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' isa vAkya ke artha ke viSaya meM puna: vicAra ] yadyapi 'prakRtyarthAnvita - svArtha- bodhakatvaM pratyayasya' iti vyutpattyA narthe balavad-aniSTAnanubandhitvAnvayos sambhavI / tathApyanyathAnupapattyA etadatiriktasthale eva sA vyutpattiH / ataeva " nAtirAtre SoDazinaM gRhNAti " ityAdau ' SoDazi - grahaNAbhAva iSTa- sAdhanam' iti bodha iti dIdhitikRta:' / ' na hantavyaH' ityAdau ' hananAbhAva - viSayakaM kAryam' iti bodha iti guravaH / nanu ' pacati' ityAdI laDAdyartha- vartamAnatvAder yatne eva granvayAn na sA vyutpattiH / maivam / 'yatra pratyayatvaM tatra prakRtyarthAnvita-svArthabodhakatvam' iti vyApteH / yaH pratyayArthaH sa prakRtyarthasya vizeSyatayA bhAsate' iti vyAptezca / yadyapi 'pratyaya prakRtyarthaM se anvita svArthaM kA bodhaka hotA hai' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra 'naJ' ke artha ('prabhAva') meM 'prabala dukha kI anutpAdakatA' (rUpa 'liG' pratyaya ke artha ) kA anvaya asambhava hai phira bhI kisI aura taraha se artha kI saGagati na lagane ke kAraNa isa ('naJ' se yukta 'liGa' Adi ke prayogoM) se atirikta sthala ke liye hI vaha (vyutpatti ) hai / isIliye 'nAtirAtre SoDazinaM gRhNAti' ('atirAtra' meM ' SoDazI' pAtra kA grahaNa na kare ) ityAdi ( prayogoM) meM ' SoDazI (pAtra) ke grahaNa kA prabhAva hI iSTa kA sAdhana hai' yaha bodha hotA hai - yaha dIdhitikAra ( tArkika ziromaNi zrI raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya) kA kahanA hai / ' na hantavyaH' ityAdi meM hananAbhAva viSayaka 'kArya' ('apUrva' yA puNya) yaha jJAna hotA hai - aisA prabhAkara ke anuyAyI ( mImAMsaka) mAnate haiM / 'pacati' ( pakAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'laT' Adi ( pratyayoM) ke artha 'vartamAna kAla' Adi kA ( jo prakRtyartha nahIM hai usa ) 'yatna' meM hI anvaya 1. tulanA karo - zrI raghunAtha ziromaNikRta zabdakhaNDe naJvAda :- bI0 ke0 matilAla sampAdita, hAravarDa yUnivarsiTI presa, 1868, pR0 182 atra SoDazigrahaNaM neSTasAdhanam ityAdikam artho grahaNavidhivirodhAt / apitu SoDazigrahaNAbhAva iSTasAdhanam ityAdikam / For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArthaM nirNaya 306 hone ke kAraNa vaha (uparyukta vyutpatti) mAnane yogya nahIM hai - aisA nahIM kahanA cAhiye kyoMki 'jahA~ jahA~ (jisa zabda meM ) pratyayatA hai vahAM vahAM (usa usa zabda meM) prakRti ke artha se anvita svArtha kI bodhakatA rahatI hai' yaha vyApti hai / tathA 'jo jo pratyaya kA artha hai vaha vaha prakRti ke artha ke prati vizeSya banakara prakaTa hotA hai' - yaha bhI vyApti hai / eka paribhASA yaha mAnI gayI hai ki pratyaya apane sambandhI prakRti ke artha se anvita hokara hI apane apane artha kA bodha karAte haiM : - ' pratyayAnAM prakRtyarthAnvitasvArthabodhakatvam' / yadi yaha paribhASA na mAnI jAya to 'daNDinam zrAnaya' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'dvitIyA' vibhaktirUpa pratyaya ke artha karmatva' kA anvaya, sadA 'daNDI meM hI na hokara 'daNDa' meM bhI ho sakegA - yaha eka aniSTa sthiti hogI / ataH isa paribhASA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai / isa vyutpatti yA paribhASA ko mAnate hue yaha prazna kiyA gayA ki 'na hantavyaH' jaise prayogoM meM 'prabala graniSTa kA nimitta na honA' rUpa jo artha haiM vaha 'tavyat' pratyaya kA hai - isalie vaha pratyayArtha hai / isa pratyayArtha kA pranvaya dhAtu ( ' han') ke artha meM hI ho sakatA hai / 'na' ke artha 'prabhAva' yA 'niSedha' meM usakA anvaya nahIM honA cAhie / isa kAraNa 'nav' ke dvArA 'balavad-aniSTa prananubandhitva' ke niSedha kI bAta jo Upara kahI gaI hai vaha ucita nahIM hai / isa kaThinAI kA aura koI samAdhAna na milane ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke niSedhayukta vAkyoM ko usa paribhASA yA vyutpatti kA apavAda mAna liyA gyaa| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki aise sthaloM se atirikta prayogoM ke lie hI, jahAM vidhyarthaka pratyayoM kA prayoga na kiyA gayA ho, uparyukta vyutpatti prastuta hotI hai / zrata eva nAtirAtre dIdhitikRtaH - isa prakAra kA eka aura prayoga hai "nAtirAtre SoDazinaM gRhapati" ( dra0 -- jaimininyAyamAlAvistara 10.8.3.6) 'gavAmayana' nAmaka somayAga kI prathama 'saMsthA' kA nAma 'pratirAtra' hai / ' SoDazI' eka pAtra vizeSa kA nAma hai jisameM somarasa rakhA jAtA hai / isa 'pratirAtra' nAmaka somasaMsthA meM ' SoDazI ' pAtra prayoga meM lAyA jAye athavA na lAyA jAya- ye donoM prakAra ke mata brAhmaNoM meM milate haiN| yahAM dUsare mata ke pratipAdaka vAkya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa vAkya kA artha karate hue, tArkika - ziromaNi zrI raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya ne, jinhoMne gaGgeza upAdhyAya ke tattva cintAmariNa nAmaka prabandha kI 'dIdhiti, nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI, 'nav' ke artha 'abhAva' yA 'niSedha' ke sAtha hI 'vidhi' rUpa pratyayArtha kA anvaya kiyA hai / ata: isa prakAra ke niSAdharthaka sthaloM meM uparyukta niyama ke apavAda ke rUpa meM 'naj' ke artha ke sAtha hI pratyayArtha kA anvaya mAna lenA cAhie - yaha abhiprAya yahAM kI paMktiyoM meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / na hantavya "gurava:- : - prabhAkara ke anuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAnoM ko yahAM 'guravaH' zabda se uddhata kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH 'prabhAkara' ko 'guru' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai, ataH unake anuyAyiyoM ke liye bhI isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAne lagA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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310 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA prabhAkara ke anuyAyI ye vidvAn 'na hantavyaH' kA artha karate haiM-'brAhmaNa-hanana ke prabhAva se utpanna hone vAlA puNya' / ve hanana kA 'na' ke artha 'abhAva' meM anvaya karate hue, 'abhAva' kA 'liGa' lakAra ke artha 'apUrva' meM anvaya karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki 'hanana' tathA 'abhAva' meM 'svapratiyogikatA', arthAt 'svakIyAbhAva' sambandha hai tathA isI prakAra 'abhAva' tathA 'apUrva' meM 'prayojyatA' sambadha hai, arthAt 'abhAva' kA 'apUrva' prayojya hai| hananAbhAva se 'apUrva' kI utpatti hotI hai| isa taraha unakI dRSTi meM 'brAhmaNa-hananAbhAva se utpanna hone vAlA puNya' yaha artha upapanna hotA hai| ina vidvAnoM ke viparIta, jaisA ki Upara dikhAyA jA cukA hai, naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi meM 'brAhmaNoM na hantavyaH' kA artha hai--- 'brAhmaNa kA vadha aniSTa kA utpAdaka hai', na ki 'brAhmaNa ke vadha kA abhAva puNyajaka hai'| nanu 'pacati' ityAdau....'vyAptezca-uparyukta 'pratyayAnAM prakRtyAnvita-svArthabodhakatvam', paribhASA ke viSaya meM yahAM yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki 'pacati' jaise prayogoM meM 'laTa' Adi pratyayoM ke artha 'vartamAnatva' Adi kA 'yatna' rUpa artha meM hI anvaya hotA hai jo 'pac' rUpa 'prakRti' kA artha nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM usa paribhASA (vyutpatti) ko kaise mAnA jAya ? __isa prazna kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki ina 'pacati' ityAdi prayogoM meM paribhASA se koI virodha nahIM AtA kyoMki usakA prAzaya yaha hai ki jo jo pratyaya hogA-jisa jisa meM pratyayatA hogI - usa usa meM prakRtyartha se anvita hokara svArtha kI bodhakatA bhI hogii| sAtha hI yaha bhI ki jo jo pratyaya kA artha hogA vaha vaha prakRtyartha ke prati vizeSya hokara prakaTa hogaa| ye donoM hI vyAptiyAM 'pacati' Adi meM 'laT' Adi pratyayoM tathA unake arthoM meM vidyamAna haiN| vaha isa prakAra ki 'laT' pratyaya apanI prakRtibhUta dhAtu ke artha se anvita hone vAle apane 'vartamAnatva' Adi artha kA bodha karAtA hai| yahAM yaha niyama yA vyApti nahIM mAnI jAtI ki 'kevala prakRtyartha se hI pratyaya kA apanA artha anvita ho'| isaliye 'laT' Adi pratyaya ke artha 'vartamAnatva' Adi kA 'yatna' meM, jo prakRtyartha nahIM haiM, anvaya hone para bhI niyama-bhaGa ga nahIM hotA kyoMki 'yatna' ke sAtha dhAtvartha meM bhI pratyayArtha kA anvaya mAnA hI jAtA hai| dUsarI vyApti - 'pratyayArtha kA prakRtyartha ke prati vizeSya honA'-bhI 'pacati' Adi meM hai hI kyoMki pratyaya kA artha 'vartamAna-kAlika yatna' prakRti ke arthabhUta 'pAka' kA vizeSya hai| isa taraha 'pacati' Adi prayogoM meM usa paribhASA se koI virodha nahIM upasthita hotaa| ['leT' lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra] leTastu yacchabdAsamabhivyAhRtasya eva vidhir arthaH / "samidho yajati" ityAdau 'vidhi'-pratyayAt / 'devAMzca yAbhiryajate dadAti ca", "ya' evaM vidvAn amAvAsyAyAM yajate' ityAdau tadapratyayAd iti / 1. ha. meM 'ya' pada nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-niNaya 311 'leT' (lakAra) kA to 'yad' (sarvanAma) zabda kA prayoga na hone para hI 'vidhi' artha hai| kyoMki "samidho yajati' (samidhAoM kI pUjA kare) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM to 'vidhi' artha kA jJAna hotA hai parantu "devAMzca yAbhiryajate dadAti ca" (jinase devatAoM kI pUjA karatA hai tathA dAna detA hai) tathA "ya evaM vidvAn amAvasyAyAM yajate' (jo vidvAn isa prakAra amAvasyA meM yajana karatA hai) ityAdi meM vidhi' (artha) kA bodha nahIM hotaa| 'leT' lakAra ke jo "vidhi' Adi artha haiM unakI abhivyakti 'yad' tathA 'eva' zabdoM ke prayukta hone para nahIM hotii| isI prakAra 'api' kA prayoga hone para bhI 'vidhi' artha kI pratIti nahIM hotii| mImAMsA darzana ke "vidhi-maMtrayor aikArthyam aikazabdyAt" tathA "api vA prayoga-sAmarthyAt maMtro'bhidhAnavAcI syAt' (2.1.30-31) ina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA meM taMtravArtikakAra ne yaha nirNaya diyA hai ki 'yad' se yukta 'pAkhyAta' zabda vidhAyaka na hokara anuvAdakamAtra hote haiM / dra0 yeSAm pAkhyAta-zabdAnAM yacchabdAdya pabandhanAt / vidhi-zaktiH praNazyettu te sarvatrAbhidhAyakAH // saMbhavata: mImAMsakoM ke isa nirNaya kI ora hI nAgeza ne yahAM saMketa kiyA hai| ['luGa' lakAra ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra luGastu bhUtatvaM kriyAtipattizcArthaH / atipattir aniSpattir aapaadnruupaa| sA ca shkyaa| sA ca ApAdanA tarkaH / tarkatvaM mAnasatva-vyAppo jAti-vizeSaH / 'laGa' (lakAra) ke 'bhUtatva' tathA 'atipatti' ye donoM (sammilita) artha haiN| 'pratipatti' (kA artha) hai (kriyA kI) ApAdanArUpa prasiddhi / aura vaha ('luGa') kA vAcya (artha) hai| vaha ApAdanA tarka hai tathA tarka (kA svarUpa) hai mAnasatva (-rUpa vyApaka jAti) meM vyApya (eka avAntara) jAti-vizeSa / yahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'luG lakAra se do sammilita arthoM kA bodha hotA hai eka bhUtatva tathA dUsarA kriyA kI atiptti| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'bhUtakAla meM kriyA kA siddha yA niSpanna na honA' yaha artha 'luGa' lakAra dvArA prakaTa hotA hai / parantu kriyA kI isa prasiddhi ko 'ApAdanA', arthAt tarka, ke rUpa meM 'luG lakAra dvArA prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| jaise-'edhAMzced alapsyat prodanam apakSyat' (yadi IMdhana milA hotA to cAvala pakAyA hotA) yaha kahane para pAkarUpa kriyA kI prasiddhi isa tarka ke rUpa meM hotI hai 1. ha0-mAnasavyApyo / For Private and Personal Use Only

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312 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA ki IMdhana nahIM mile isaliye cAvala nahIM pakA / isI bAta ko 'sA ca ApAdanA tarka:' kaha kara batAyA gayA hai| tarkatvaM mAnasatva-vyApyo jAtivizeSaH-tarka kI jo yahAM paribhASA dI gaI hai, usase tarka ke svabhAva ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, arthAt tarka mana meM rahane vAlA vicAravizeSa hai| isa vicAra-vizeSa meM rahane vAle dharma ko 'tarkatva' kahA jaaygaa| isI prakAra mAnasa meM rahane vAle 'dharma' yA 'jAti' ko 'mAnasatva' kahA jaaygaa| 'mAnasatva'-rUpa jAti vyApaka hai tathA usakI apekSA 'tarkatva' jAti vyApya hai kyoMki 'tarkatva' 'mAnasatvaM' meM rahatI hai| isaliye naiyAyikoM ne apanI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM tarka ke svarUpa ko batAte hue kahA-"tarkatvaM mAnasatvavyApyo jAtivizeSaH", arthAt yaha tarka eka mAnasika athavA bauddhika vyApAra-vizeSa hai, jisake dvArA tArkika manuSya kisI bAta kA vizeSa UhApoha karake vicAra karatA hai / lakSaNa batAne kI dRSTi se tarka kI paribhASA kI gaI hai-'vyApyAropeNa vyaapkaaropstrkH'| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vyApya, arthAt alpa deza, meM rahane vAle kA Aropa karake vahAM vyApaka, arthAt adhika deza, meM rahane vAle kA Aropa karanA / jaise'yadi nirvahniH syAt nirdhUmaH syAt' (yadi Aga nahIM hogI to dhUyA bhI nahIM hogaa)| yahAM Aga kA abhAva vyApya hai, tathA dhUe kA abhAva vyApaka hai| Upara ke 'edhAMzced alapsyat prodanam apakSyat' udAharaNa meM iMdhana kA abhAva vyApya hai tathA prodana-pAka kA abhAva vyApaka hai| isa prakAra 'vyApya'-IMdhana ke abhAva-ke kathana ke dvArA 'vyApaka'aodana-pAka-ke abhAvakA kathana huA hai| isaliye yahAM kriyA kI prasiddhi, ApAdanA yA tarka ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai| ['luG lakAra ke donoM arthoM se sambaddha udAharaNoM kA pradarzana evaM vivecana] 'edhAMzced alapsyat odanam apakSyat' ityAdau 'edhakarmako bhUtatvena prApAdanA-viSayo yo lAbhastadanukUla-kRtimAn' 'grodanakarmako bhUtatvena prApAdanA-viSayo yaH pakistadanukUlakRtimAMzca' iti bodhaH / bhaviSyati kriyAtipadane'pi luG-'yadi suvRSTir abhaviSyat tadA subhikSam abhaviSyat' iti prayogadarzanAt / bhUtabhaviSyatvayorbodhaniyamastAtparyAt / 'yadi syAt' ityAdau liGo'pyApAdanAyAM zaktiH, 'yadi nirvahniH syAt tahi nirdhUmaH syAt' ityAdau tasyAH eva prtiiteH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 313 lAghavena sthAninAM vAcakatvAt saGkhyApi lakArArthaH / iti lakArArtha-nirNayaH 'edhAMzced alapsyat prodanam apakSyat' (yadi IMdhana mile hote to cAvala pakA hotA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "IMdhana hai 'karma' jisameM aisA, bhUtakAlika rUpa se 'tarka' kA viSaya, jo lAbha (IMdhana kA bhUtakAla meM milanA) usake anukUla yatna vAlA" tathA "modana (bhAta) hai 'karma' jisameM aisA bhUtakAlika rUpa se 'tarka' kA viSaya jo pAka (cAvaloM kA bhUta kAla meM pakanA) usake anukUla kRti vAlA" isa prakAra kA bodha hotA hai| bhaviSyat kAlIna kriyA kI ('takarUpa) prasiddhi (aniSpatti) ko prakaTa karane ke liye bhI 'luGa' (lakAra) kA prayoga hotA hai| kyoMki 'yadi suvRSTir abhaviSyat tadA subhikSam abhaviSyat' (yadi varSA acchI hogI to phasala acchI hogI) isa prakAra ke prayoga dekhe jAte haiN| ('luGa' lakAra kI) bhUtakAlikatA tathA bhaviSyatkAlikatA ke jJAna kA nizcaya tAtparya (vaktA ke abhiprAya) ke AdhAra para hogaa| 'yadi syAt' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'liGa' (lakAra) kA bhI ApAdanA' ('tarka'rUpa) artha vAcya hai| kyoMki 'yadi nirvAhnaH syAt tahi nirdhamaH syAt' (yadi Aga nahIM hogI to dhUvA~ bhI nahIM hogA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM usI (kriyA kI apAdanA-rUpa prasiddhi) kA jJAna hotA hai / lAghava ke kAraNa 'sthAnI' (lakAroM) ko hI artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye saMkhyA bhI lakAroM kA hI vAcya artha hai / bhaviSyati kriyAtipadane'pi laDa-jisa prakAra bhUtakAla meM kriyA kI prasiddhi hone para 'luG' lakAra kA prayoga hotA hai, usI prakAra bhaviSyat kAla meM kriyA kI prasiddhi kA nizcaya hone para bhI 'luGa' lakAra kA prayoga hotA hai| isIliye ina donoM kAloM kI dRSTi se 'laG' ke prayoga ko sAdhu mAnA jAtA hai tathA pANini ne bhaviSyat kAla ke prayogoM kI dRSTi se "liG-nimitte laGa kriyAtipatto' (pA0 3.3.136) tathA bhUtakAla ke prayogoM kI dRSTi se "bhUte ca" (pA0 3.3.140) ina do sUtroM kI racanA kii| _ 'luG lakAra ke prayogoM se kaba kriyA kI bhUtakAlIna asiddhi kA patA lagegA aura kaba kriyA kI bhaviSyatkAlIna prasiddhi kA patA lagegA isa bAta kA nirNaya vaktA ke tAtparya ke anusAra hI kiyA jaaygaa| _ 'yadi syAt' ityAdau0-jisa prakAra 'laG lakAra ke prayogoM se kriyA kI atipatti (asiddhi) kA jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra 'yadi syAt' jaise 'liGa' lakAra ke prayogoM se bhI usa prasiddhi kA jJAna hotA hai| pANini ne "hetuhetumatoliGa" (pA0 3.3.156) isa sUtra tathA 'luGa' lakAra ke vidhAyaka sUtra "liG-nimitte luG For Private and Personal Use Only

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314 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kriyAtipattau" (pA0 3.3.136) ke "liG-nimitte' aMza se isI abhiprAya ko prakaTa kiyA hai| lAghavena sthAninAm lakArArthaH - isa paMkti meM naiyAyikoM ke usa dRSTikoNa kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra ve 'sthAnI' (lakAroM) ko hI vAcaka mAnate hai -- 'lakAroM' ke sthAna para Ane vAle 'Adeza' ('tip' Adi) ko ve vAcaka nahIM mAnate / parantu prazna yaha hai ki 'saGkhyA ' rUpa artha to 'tip' prAdi 'prAdezoM' kA hI hai kyoMki pANini ne "da yekayodvivacanakavacane' (pA0 1.4.20.) tathA "bahuSu bahuvacanam" (pA0 1.4.21) sUtroM ke dvaar| AdezoM meM hI 'saMkhyA' ko kahane kI zakti mAnI hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki jisa prakAra 'kAla' 'lakAra' kA artha hai, usI prakAra' 'saGkhyA ' bhI 'lakAra' kA hI artha hai| pANini ne 'saGkhyA' ko lakArArtha mAnate hue bhI usameM 'AdezArthatA' kA Aropa kara liyA hai| isalie 'saGakhyA' ko bhI lakArArtha mAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNam [kAraka kI paribhASA atha kArakAriNa nirupyantekartA karma ca karaNaM sampradAnaM tathaiva c| . apAdAnAdhikaraNamityAhuH kArakAriNa SaT // tatra 'kriyA-niSpAdakatvaM kArakatvam' / tacca karbAdInAM paNNAm api / aba kArakoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kartA, kama, karaNa, sampradAna aura isI taraha apAdAna tathA adhikaraNa isa rUpa meM (prAcAryoM ne) 6 kArakoM kA upadeza kiyA hai / isa prasaMga meM 'kArakatva' (kI paribhASA) hai'kriyA kA utpAdaka honA' aura vaha (kriyA-niSpAdakatva rUpa 'kArakatva') kartA Adi (uparinirdiSTa) choM kA 'dharma' hai / kriyAniSpAdakatvaM kArakatvam-vaiyAkaraNa vidvAn kAraka kI paribhASA karate haiM'kriyA-niSpAdakatvaM kArakatvam' arthAt kriyA ke utpAdakarUpa 'dharma' se yukta honA 'kArakatvaM' hai / abhiprAya yaha ki jo bhI kriyA kI utpatti meM kAraNa ho vaha kAraka hai| vastutaH anya bar3I bar3I saMjJAoM ke samAna 'kAraka' isa bar3I saMjJA ko bhI prAcArya pANini ne isI dRSTi se svIkAra kiyA ki isa anvarthaka zabda se hI abhISTa paribhASA prakaTa ho jAya / dra0 -- "kArakam' iti mahatI saMjJA kriyate tatra mahatyAH saMjJAyAH karaNe etat prayojanam anvarthasaMjJA yathA vijJAyeta ----'karoti iti kArakam' (mahA0 1.4.23) / uparyukta sabhI 'kAraka' apane apane vyApAra athavA avAntara kriyA ke dvArA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pradhAna kriyA kI utpatti meM sahAyaka yA kAraNa banate hI haiM / isaliye una sabakA pradhAna kriyA ke sAtha anvaya hotA hai| jaise pakAne kI kriyA kI dRSTi se pAka-kriyA kI utpatti ke anukUla 'vyApAra' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa devadatta Adi 'kartA' kriyA ke utpAdaka hai| cAvala Adi 'karma' meM viklitti (pAcana) kA AdhAra bananA rUpa 'vyApAra' hai, indhana Adi meM jvAlA Adi ko dhAraNa karanA rUpa 'vyApAra' hai, patIlI Adi 'adhikaraNa' meM cAvala kA AdhAra bananA rUpa 'vyApAra' hai| aura ye sabhI 'vyApAra' pAka kriyA kI utpatti meM kAraNa yA sahAyaka haiN| isaliye ina sabameM 'kArakatA' hai| kriyA-niSpAdaka ko 'kAraka' mAnane para yaha prazna upasthita ke phira 1. ha.-adhikaraNe / For Private and Personal Use Only

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316 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA 'kartA' aura 'kAraka' ye donoM zabda, jo eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiM, eka sAtha hI kyoM prayukta hote haiM / isa prazna kA uttara bhartRhari ne nimna kArikA meM diyA hai : niSpattimAtre kartutvaM sarvatravAsti kArake / byApAra-bhedApekSAyAM karaNatvAdisambhavaH / / (vApa0 3.7.18) arthAt jahA~ taka kiyA kI utpatti mAtra kA prazna hai sabhI 'kArakoM' ko 'kartA' kahA jA sakatA hai| parantu, jaba, kauna pakAtA hai ? kisako pakAtA hai ? kisake dvArA pakAtA hai ? kisameM pakAtA hai ? isa prakAra ke praznoM ke uttara kI dRSTi se bhinna bhinna 'vyApAroM' kI bhinna bhinna rUpa se vivakSA hotI hai taba, una una 'vyApAroM ke Azraya ke rUpa meM 'kAraka' ke bhI 'kartA', 'karma', 'karaNa', 'adhikaraNa' grAdi rUpoM meM, vibhAga ho jAte haiN| ['kartRtva' ko paribhASA] tatra prakRta-dhAtu-vAcya-vyApArAzrayatvaM kartutvam, 'dhAtUnoktakriye nityaM kArake kartRteSyate" iti 'hyuktH| anyakAraka-niSTho vyApArastu na prakRta-dhAtu-vAcyaH / yathA 'vahninA pacati' ityatra vahniniSThaH prajvalanAdiH / anya-kAraka-niSTha-vyApArAzrayasya kartRtva-vAraNAya dhAtuvAcya' iti / tatra ukta tu kArakamAtre prathamaiva / "ti'GasamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA", "abhihite prathamA" (mahA0 2. 3.46) iti vArtika-dvayAt / una ('kArakoM') meM 'kartRtva' (kA abhiprAya) hai "prakRta (uccarita) dhAtu ke vAcyArthabhuta 'vyApAra' kA Azraya bnnaa"| kyoMki bhartRhari ne kahA hai :-. "jisakI kriyA (uccarita) 'dhAtu' ke dvArA kaha dI gayI hai aise 'kAraka' meM hI nitya 'kartRtA' abhISTa hai'| ('kartA' se) anya ('karma', 'karaNa' Adi) 'kArakoM' meM rahane vAle 'vyApAra' prakRta dhAtU ke vAcya nahIM banate / jaise 'vahninA pacati' (Aga ke dvArA pakAtA hai) yahA~ Aga meM hone vAle prajvalana Adi 'vyApAra' (prakRta 'pac' dhAtu kA vAcyArtha nahIM hai| ('kartA' se) anya ('karma' Adi) 'kArakoM' meM hone vAle vyApAra' ke Azraya ('karma', 'karaNa' Adi) meM 'kartRtva' 1. vaibhU0 sA0 (pR0 174) yaha kArikAMza 'iti vAkyapadIyAt' kaha kara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH usI ke anukaraNa para palama0 ke lekhaka ne bhI yahA~ 'iti hayukta:' kahA hai| parantu bhata hari ke vApa0 meM yaha kArikA nahIM miltii| mImAMsAzlokavAtika (caukhambA saMskaraNa), vAkyAdhikaraNa, zloka saMkhyA 71 (pR0 865) meM Adhe bhAga ke rUpa meM yaha aMza upalabdha hai / 2. ha0 meM "atha tika"prathamA" pATha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 317 ke nivAraNa ke liye (yahA~ lakSaNa meM) 'dhAtuvAcya pada rakhA gyaa| "tiGsamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA" (kriyA-pada ke adhikaraNa se abhinna adhikaraNa vAle zabda meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai) athavA "abhihite prathamA" (kathita kAraka meM 'prathamA' vibhakti hotI hai) ina do vArtikoM ke AdhAra para kriyA dvArA kisI bhI 'kAraka' ke kathita hone para usa kAraka meM 'prathamA' vibhakti hI hotI hai| yahA~ 'kartA' kI paribhASA yaha dI gayI ki prastuta dhAtu kA artha jo 'vyApAra' (kriyA) usa kA prAzraya 'kartA' hai'| bhartRhari ke nAma se jo kArikAMza isa prasaMga meM uddhata kiyA gayA usakA bhI prAzaya yahI hai / pataMjali ne "kArake" (pA0 1.4.23) sUtra ke bhASya meM, pANini ke "svataMtraH kartA" (pA0 1.4.54) sUtra ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue, kahA hai ki patIlI meM hone vAlA 'vyApAra' yadi prakRta (prastuta) 'pac' dhAtu se vivakSita ho to patIlI svataMtra hotI hai, arthAt usakI 'kartR' saMjJA hotI hai| parantu yadi prastuta 'pac' dhAtu se devadatta Adi (pakAne vAle) kA 'vyApAra' vivakSita ho to 'sthAlI' (patIlI) parataMtra ho jAtI hai, arthAt patIlI 'adhikaraNa' banatI hai tathA devadatta Adi 'kartA' banate haiM- "evaM tarhi sthAlIsthe yatne kathyamAne sthAlI svataMtrA kartRsthe yatne kathyamAne parataMtrA" (mahA0 1.4.23) / ___ pataMjali kI uparyukta vyAkhyA kA anusaraNa karate hue kauNDabhaTTa ne kartRtva kI paribhASA kI hai- "svAtaMtryaM ca dhAtvarthavyApArAzrayatvam", arthAt prayukta dhAtu ke artharUpa vyApAra kA Azraya bananA svAtaMtrya (kartRtva) hai tathA yaha kahA ki jisa bhI 'kAraka' ke 'vyApAra' ko prastuta dhAtu kahatA hai vaha 'kAraka' kartA bana jAyA karatA hai| isaliye 'sthAlI pacati', 'agni: pacati', 'edhAMsi pacanti', 'taNDulaH pacyate svayameva' ityAdi prayoga susaMgata ho pAte haiM (dra0-vaibhUsA0 pR0 183-184) / anya kAraka-niSTho vpApArastu na 'prakRtadhAtuvAcyaH-Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kevala kartA ke vyApAra ko hI prayukta dhAtu kahA karatA hai| 'karma' Adi anya' 'kArakoM' meM hone vAle 'vyApAra' ko prastuta dhAtu nahIM kahatA, anya kArakoM' kA vyApAra prastuta dhAtu kA vAcyArtha nahIM bntaa| jaise --- 'devadattaH kASThaH sthAlyAM taNDulaM pacati' (devadatta lar3akiyoM se patIlI meM cAvala pakAtA hai) jaise prayogoM meM prayukta 'pac' dhAtu kevala devadatta ke hI yatnarUpa 'vyApAra' ko kahatA hai| vaha na to kASThoM (karaNa) ke jalane Adi 'vyApAra' ko kahatA hai aura na patIlI (adhikaraNa) ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle, cAvala Adi ke, dhAraNA rUpa 'vyApAra' ko aura na hI cAvaloM ('karma') meM hone vAle pakane Adi 'vyApAra' ko kahatA hai| yadi koI vaktA apanI vivakSA ke anusAra prastuta dhAtu se 'karma' Adi ('kartA' se atirikta) 'kArakoM' ke 'vyApAroM' ko kahanA cAhe to usa sthiti meM vaha 'kAraka', apanI una-una 'karmatA' Adi ko chor3akara, 'kartA' bana jAyagA / jaisA ki Upara ke 'sthAlI pacati', 'agniH pacati', ityAdi udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai| isa rUpa meM prastuta dhAtu ke dvArA kathita hone para, usa usa 'kAraka' kI 'kartR' saMjJA For Private and Personal Use Only

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318 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ho jAne ke kAraNa, ina 'karma' Adi kArakoM meM 'prathamA' vibhakti ho jAtI hai| uparyukta donoM vArtikeM isI prAzaya ko spaSTa karatI haiN| [sUtrakAra pAriNani ke anusAra prathamA vibhakti kA artha sUtramate tu kartR-karmAdyarthaka-pratyayena ka deruktatvAt prathamAyA: prAtipadikArtha eva arthH| tasya ca pAkhyAtArthakAdinA abhedanAnvayena prathamArthasya kArakatvam / ata eva prAkhyAtArtha-dvAraka-kriyAnvayAt tadarthasya kriyAjanakatvAd asyA: kAraka-vibhaktitvena bhASye vyvhaarH| 'caitro bhavati' ityatra 'ekatvAvacchinna-caitrAbhinna-kartR kaM bhavanam' iti bodhaH / AkhyAta-kadAdinA kaLader abhidhAne'pi prathamayA anubhUta-kartRtvAdi-zakti: pratipAdyate iti tAtparyam / karmAkhyAte tu 'caitreNa grAmo gamyate' ityatra 'caitra-kartRka-vyApAra-janya ekatvAvacchinna grAmAbhinna-karma-niSThaH saMyogaH' iti bodhaH / ("prAtipadikArtha-liGa ga-parimANa-vacanamAtre prathamA" pA0 2.3.46 isa) sUtra ke anusAra to (kartRvAcya tathA karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM) 'kartA', 'karma' Adi artha vAle ('tiGa' Adi) pratyayoM se 'kartA' Adi ke kathita ho jAne ke kAraNa prathamA (vibhakti) kA artha (kevala) 'prAtipadika' rUpa artha hI hai ('kartA' Adi nhiiN)| prathamA (vibhakti ke) usa ('prAtipadika' rUpa) artha kI, AkhyAta ke artha ('kartA' Adi) ke sAtha abhedarUpa se anvaya hone ke kAraNa, 'kAraka' saMjJA upapanna ho jAtI hai / isIliye AkhyAta ke artha ('kartA' Adi, jinameM prAtipadikArtha kA abhedAnvaya huA hai) ke dvArA kriyA ke sAtha anvita hone ke kAraNa usa artha (prathamAvibhaktyartha) ke kriyA-janaka hone se isa (prathamA vibhakti) kA kAraka vibhakti' ke rUpa meM bhASya meM vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| 'caitro bhavati' (caitra hai) yahAM "ekatva' (saMkhyA') se viziSTa caitra (--- rUpa jo prAtipadikArtha usa) se abhinna hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI honA rUpa kriyA' yaha bodha hotA hai| 'pAkhyota' ('tiGa') tathA 'kRt' Adi pratyayoM se 'kartA' Adi ke kathita ho jAne para bhI prathamA vibhakti avyakta (aprakaTa) 'kartatva' Adi zaktiyoM ko kahatI hai yaha (donoM vArtikoM kA) abhiprAya hai| karmavAcya (ke prayogoM) meM to caitreNa grAmo gamyate' (caitra ke dvArA gAMva jAyA jAtA hai) yahA~ "caitra hai 'kartA' jisameM aise (gamana) 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA, 'ekatva' se viziSTa grAmarUpa 'karma' meM rahane vAlA saMyoga," yaha zAbdabodha hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 316 sUtramate kArakatvam ---prathamA vibhakti ke vidhAyaka sUtra "prAtipadikArtha mAtre prathamA' (pA0 2.3.46) meM 'kAraka'-vAcaka koI pada nahIM hai isalie 'prAtipadika rUpa prartha ko hI prathamA vibhakti kA artha mAnanA hogaa| para yadi mahAbhASya (2.3.46) kI "tiG-samAnAdhikaraNe prathamA" athavA "abhihite prathamA' ina vArtikoM ke AdhAra para 'kArakoM' ke kathita hone para prathamA vibhakti kA vidhAna mAnA jAya to, ina vArtikoM meM 'kAraka' zabda ke adhyAhRta hone ke kAraNa, 'kAraka' ko prathamA vibhakti kA artha mAnanA hogaa| prata eva''bhASye vyavahAraH- parantu jahAM taka zAbda bodha kA prazna hai, cAhe 'prathamA' kA artha sUtra ke anusAra 'prAtipadikArtha' ho yA vArtikoM ke anusAra 'kAraka' ho ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM, prathamArtha kI 'kArakatA' arthAt kiyAniSpAdakatA siddha nahIM ho pAtI kyoMki 'prAtipadikArtha' athavA 'kAraka' kA kriyA meM anvaya nahIM hotaa| isa prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai ki prathamA vibhakti ke artha 'prAtipadikArtha' kA 'AkhyAta' ('tiGa') ke artha 'kartA' Adi ke sAtha abhedarUpa se anvaya hotA hai, arthAt 'kartA' Adi tathA prAtipadikArtha' ko abhinna mAna liyA jAtA hai aura, taba 'kartA' meM kriyA-niSpAdakatA hai isaliye paramparayA vaha, kiyA-niSpAdakatA prathamA vibhakti ke artha meM bhI hai hii| isIliye, prathamA vibhakti ke ina prayogoM meM 'AkhyAta' ke artha ('kartA' Adi) ke dvArA prathamA vibhakti ke artha ('prAtipadikArtha') kA kriyA meM anvaya hone tathA isa rUpa meM kiyA kA janaka hone ke kAraNa, prathamA vibhakti ko mahAbhASya meM 'kAraka vibhakti' kahA gayA hai| dra0-"upapadavibhakteH kAraka vibhaktirbalIyasI iti prathamA bhaviSyati' (mahA0 2.3.16) 'catro bhavati'."tAtparyam - "prAtipadikArtha prathamA" (pA0 2.3.46) sUtra ke anusAra 'caitro bhavati' (caitra hai) isa prayoga meM prathamA vibhakti ke artha 'prAtipadikArtha' kA pahale 'ekatva'-viziSTa 'kartA ke sAtha 'abheda' sambandha se anvaya hotA hai phira 'kartA' kA 'pacati' kriyA ke sAtha anvaya hotA hai / "tiGa-samAnAdhikaraNe prathamA" tathA "abhihite prathamA" ina vArtikoM kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'pAkhyAta' athavA 'kRt' prAdi pratyayoM dvArA kartA' Adi kA kathana ho jAne para bhI prathamA vibhakti dvArA eka aisI kartRtvazakti kA kathana hotA hai jo 'pAkhyAta' yA 'kRt' dvArA nahIM kahI gayI haiN| karmAkhyAte iti bodhaH--'caitreNa grAmo gamyate' (caitra ke dvArA gAMva jAyA jAtA hai) jaise karmavAcya ke prayogoM meM 'kArakoM' kA kriyA meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa "caitra hai 'kartA' tathA grAma hai 'karma' jisa meM aise gamana 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA saMyoga" yaha zAbda bodha hotA hai| yahAM pahale 'karmatva grAma meM hai' isa bAta kA jJAna hotA hai| phira usake bAda, 'karmatva' tathA 'phala' donoM kA samAna adhikaraNa hone ke kAraNa "phala' bhI 'karma' (grAma) meM hai" isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai jise TIkAkAroM ne 'ArthI' pratIti kahA hai / isIliye nAgeza ne yahA~ 'caitreNa grAmo gamyate' meM zAbda bodha kI carcA karate hue 'saMyoga'rUpa 'phala' ko grAma se abhinna jo 'karma' usa meM rahane vAlA" (grAmAbhinna-karma-niSThaH saMyogaH) kahA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yahAM 'caitreNa grAmo gamyate' meM jo zAbda bodha dikhAyA gayA usakI prakriyA yaha hai-karmavAcya meM 'kartA' ke liye prayukta tRtIyA vibhakti kA artha hai Azraya / dra0 - 'kartR-tRtIyAyA pAzrayo'rthaH' (vaibhUsA0 10 183) / usameM 'caitra' zabda ke padArtha (prAtipadikArtha) kA 'abheda'sambandha se anvaya hogaa| isa caitrarUpa kartA ke Azraya meM rahane ke kAraNa 'gam' dhAtu ke artha gamana 'vyApAra' kA isa Azraya meM anvaya hogaa| isa 'vyApAra' se saMyoga utpanna hotA hai| isaliye 'janyatva' sambandha se caitra rUpa Azraya meM rahane vAle 'vyApAra' kA saMyoga se anvaya hogA ('caitr-krtRk-vyaapaar-jnyH-sNyogH')| dUsarI ora 'karma' ko kahane vAle 'pAkhyAta' pratyaya kA artha bhI Azraya hai / usa Azraya kA 'abheda' sambandha se 'grAma' ke sAtha anvaya hogaa| usake bAda, saMyoga grAmaniSTha hai isaliye, 'vRttitva' sambandha se grAmarUpa Azraya kA saMyoga ke sAtha anvaya hogaa| isI prakAra 'pAkhyAta' ke artha 'ekatva' rUpa saGkhyA kA bhI 'samavAya' sambandha se 'grAma' meM anvaya huA (ekatvAvacchinna-grAmAbhinna-karma-niSThaH sNyogH)| isa prakAra AkhyAta ke karmavAcaka hone para 'phala' (saMyoga Adi) kI mukhyarUpa se pratIti hotI hai| ['sambodhana' meM hone vAlI prathamA vibhakti kI 'kArakatA'] sambodhana-prathamArthasyApi anuvAdyatvena uddezyatayA yuSmadAbhedena vidheya-kriyAyAm anvayAt kriyAjanakatvarUpaM kArakatvam / 'devadatta ? tvaM gaccha' ityAdau 'abhimukhIbhavad-devadattAbhinna-yuSmad-arthoddezyaka-pravartanAdi-viSayo gamanam' iti bodhaH / sambodhana (rUpa) prathamArtha ko bhI kriyAjanakatvarUpa 'kArakatA' isa kAraNa (upapanna ho jAtI hai ki anuvAdya hone ke kAraNa uddezya hone se 'yuSmad' zabda ke artha ke sAtha 'abheda' sambandha se anvita hokara vaha vidheyabhUta kriyA meM anvita hotA hai / 'devadatta' ? tvaM gaccha' (devadatta tuma jAo) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "jo abhimukha nahIM thA para abhimukha ho rahA hai aise devadatta se abhinna jo 'yuSmad' zabda kA artha vaha hai uddezya jisameM tathA jo preraNA kA viSaya hai aisA gamana (vyApAra)" yaha bodha hotA hai| AcArya pANini ne "sambodhane ca" (pA0 2.3.47) sUtra ke dvArA bhI prathamA vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ataH prathamA kA eka artha 'prAtipadikArthayukta sambodhana' bhI hai| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa prathamArtha ko 'kAraka' kisa prakAra mAnA jAya kyoMki isameM kriyotpAdakatA to hai nahIM ? ___ isakA uttara yahA~ diyA gayA hai / sambodhana kA abhiprAya hai jo vaktA ke abhimukha nahIM hai usakA abhimukha honA / isakA 'phala' hai kArya meM pravRtta honA yA kArya se nivRtta honaa| sambodhana artha vAlI isa prathamA vibhakti ko 'anuvAdya-viSayA' kahA gayA hai, For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 321 arthAt jo pahale se hI siddha (vidyamAna) hai usI ko vaktA apane abhimukha karatA hai| isI kAraNa sambodhya meM sambodhyatA rUpa dharma ke siddha (vidyamAna) na hone para usa rUpa meM sambodhana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaise rAjaputra ke liye, kumArAvasthA meM, 'rAjan ? yudhyasva' (he rAjan yuddha kIjiye) athavA kisI rAjA ke liye 'rAjA bhava' (rAjA bano) jaise prayoga nahIM kiye jaate| isI bAta ko bhartRhari ne nimna kArikA meM prakaTa kiyA siddhasyAbhimukhIbhAvamAtraM sambodhanaM viduH / prAptAbhimukhyo hyarthAtmA kriyAsu viniyujyate / / (vApa0 3.7.163) 'siddha' arthAt pahale se vidyamAna anabhimukha vyakti ke abhimukha hone ko sambodhana kahA gayA hai| abhimukhatA ko prApta huaA vyakti kriyAnoM meM lagAyA jAtA hai| isaliye, jisa prakAra 'saMkhyA' kA anvaya usake prakRtyartha meM hotA hai usI prakAra, anuvAdikA sambodhana-vibhakti kA bhI anvaya usake prakRtyartha meM (jise yahA~ 'yuSmad' zabda kA artha) kahA gayA hai usameM 'pAzrayatA' sambandha se abhedarUpa meM hotA hai| vaktA kI preraNA kA uddezya prakRtyartha hai isaliye usa 'uddezyatA' sambandha se prakRtyartha kA preraNA meM anvaya hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye jaba 'devadatta ? tvaM gancha' (devadatta tuma jAno) yaha kahA jAtA hai to pahale 'devadatta' kA 'tvam' ke sAtha 'abheda' sambandha se anvaya hotA hai aura usake bAda 'devadatta' se abhinna 'tvam' kA gamana-viSayaka preraNA meM anvaya hotA hai| phira anta meM 'devadatta' se abhinna 'tvam' hai uddezya jisa meM aisI 'preraNA' kA apane viSaya bhUta 'gamana' kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai| isI kAraNa yahA~ "abhimukha hone vAle 'devadatta' se abhinna 'tvam' hai uddezya jisakA aisI preraNA kA viSaya 'gamana' kriyA" yaha zAbda bodha hotA hai| ___ isa prakAra sambodhya 'devadatta' kA pahale 'tvam' meM phira 'preraNA' meM aura anta meM 'kriyA' meM anvaya hotA hai| ataH paramparayA 'kriyA' meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa, prathamA vibhakti yA 'adhikaraNa' ke samAna, kriyA-janakatArUpa 'kArakatA' sambodhana vibhakti meM bhI mAnanI caahiye| dra0- "etanmUlakam eva sambodhanasya kartRkArakatvavyavahAro vRddhAnAm / tasyaiva tvampadArthatvena viniyojyakriyAkartRtvAt / ata eva 'tiGsamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA' iti vArtikamate prathamAsiddhiH / "tasmAt 'kartRkArakatvaM sambodhanasya' iti vRddhoktaM sAdhveva" (lama0, pR0 1160-61) / [prathamA tathA sambodhana kI 'kArakatA' meM pramANa ata evaAzrayo'vadhiruddezyaH sambandhaH zaktireva vA / yathAyathaM vibhaktyarthAH supAM karmeti bhASyataH / / (vaibhUsA0, pR0 168) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 322 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ityabhiyuktoktam, "supAM karmAdayo'pyarthAH saGkhyA caiva tathA tiGAm" iti bhASyaM (1.4.21) ca saGgacchate / pranuktakartrAdiSu tRtIyAdayo vibhaktayaH, anabhihitAdhikAre tAsAM vidhAnAd / ityanyatra vistaraH / isIliye (prathamA tathA sambodhana donoM meM kriyAjanakatA hone ke kAraNa ) " supAM karmAdayo0 " isa bhASya ( meM uddhRta kArikA) ke anusAra apanI apanI yogyatA kI dRSTi se 'grAzraya', 'avadhi', 'uddezya', 'sambandha' athavA kevala ( zrAzrayatva prAdi ) 'zakti' (prathamA Adi) vibhaktiyoM ke artha haiM" yaha (bhaTToji dIkSita jaise ) vidvAn kA kathana tathA "sup' (vibhaktiyoM) ke 'karma' Adi ('kAraka') bhI artha haiM tathA 'saGkhyA' bhI (artha) hai aura usI prakAra 'tiGa' vibhaktiyoM ke bhI ( 'karttA', 'karma' tathA 'saGkhyA' prartha haiM ) " yaha bhASya (kA ullekha ) susaMgata hotA hai / 'karttA' Adi ke kathita hone para tRtIyA Adi vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM kyoMki "anabhihite" ( pA0 2.3.1 ) ke adhikAra meM ina vibhaktiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isa viSaya kA anyatra (laghumaMjUSA Adi granthoM meM) vistAra se varNana hai / zrAzrayo'vadhiH "prabhiyuktoktam :- vaiyAkaraNabhUSaraNa tathA vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaraNasAra donoM granthoM meM bhaTToji dIkSita kI yaha kArikA uddhRta evaM vyAkhyAta milatI hai / yahA~ granthakAra kauNDabhaTTa ne isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA meM prathamA vibhakti kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai / parantu "tisamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA" isa vArtika ke anusAra prathamA vibhakti ke bhI 'kartA' yA 'karma' artha hote haiM / grataH, dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM ke samAna, prathamA vibhakti kA bhI 'Azraya' artha mAnA gayA / bhaTToja dIkSita kI isa kArikA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mahAbhASya meM 'sup' tathA 'tiGa' vibhaktiyoM ke 'karma' Adi kAraka tathA 'saGkhyA' artha kahe haiM isaliye, usa kathana ke AdhAra para, 'prathamA' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke 'kartA', 'karma' Adi kI apanI yogyatA yA sAmarthya kI dRSTi se, 'prAzraya,' 'avadhi', 'uddezya' tathA 'sambandha' artha haiM / 'karttA' athavA 'prAtipadikArtha' tathA 'sambodhana' ko kahane vAlI prathamA, 'karma' ko kahane vAlI dvitIyA, 'karttA' tathA 'karaNa' ko kahane vAlI tRtIyA tathA 'adhikaraNa' ko kahane vAlI saptamI - ina vibhaktiyoM kA artha 'Azraya' haiM / 'apAdAna' ko kahane vAlI paMcamI vibhakti kA artha 'avadhi' hai / 'sampradAna' ko kahane vAlI caturthI kA artha 'uddezya' hai tathA 'zeSa' prartha vAlI SaSThI aura 'upapada' vibhaktiyoM kA 'sambandha' artha hai / zaktireva vA : - isa kArikAMza se yaha abhiprAya prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki yA to 'sup' Adi vibhaktiyoM kA yathAyogya 'Azraya' Adi artha mAnA jAya athavA ina Azraya Adi meM rahane vAlI 'zakti' arthAt 'prAzrayatva', 'avadhitva', uddezyatva' tathA 'sambandhatva' ko una una vibhakti kA artha mAnanA cAhiye / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 323 supA karmAdayopyarthAH saGkhyA cava tathA tiGAm :- isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'sup' tathA 'tiGa' vibhaktiyoM ke 'karma' Adi 'kAraka' tathA 'saMkhyA' donoM hI artha haiN| kevala 'saMkhyA' artha nahIM hai| yahA~ 'sup' kI dRSTi se 'karma' Adi sabhI 'kAraka' abhipreta haiN| parantu 'tiGa' vibhaktiyoM ke artha kI dRSTi se yahA~ kevala 'kartA' tathA 'karma' kAraka hI abhipreta haiM, kyoMki 'tiGa' ke dvArA inhIM do kA kathana hotA hai| nAgezabhaTTa ne yahA~ dIkSita kI kArikA tathA mahAbhASya meM uddha ta vacana ko isaliye prastuta kiyA hai ki yadi prathamA tathA sambodhana vibhaktiyoM meM 'kArakatA' ('kriyAjanakatA') na mAnI jAya to ye donoM hI uparyukta kathana nirarthaka evaM asaMgata ho jAte haiN| ['kAraka' kI dUsarI paribhASAoM ke viSaya meM vicAra] nanu 'kriyA-nimittatvaM kArakatvam' iti svIkAryam iti cet ? na / 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacati' ityatra sambandhini caitrAdau ativyApteH / anumatyAdi-prakAzana-dvArA sampradAnAder iva taNDulAdi-dvArA sambandhino'pi kriyAnimittatvAt / kintu 'kriyA'nvita-vibhaktyarthAnvitatvam', 'kriyA-nirvatakatvam' vA kArakatvam / vizeSyatayA kriyA supa-tiGa -anyatara-vibhaktyarthe'nveti / sa ca vizeSyatayaiva caitra-ghaTAdau / SaSThyarthasya taNDulAdi-nAmArthAnvitatayA kriyA'nanvitatvAt / ata eva SaSThyarthasya upapada-vibhaktyarthasya ca na kArakatvaM kriyAnvayAbhAvAd iti shaabdikaaH| upapada-vibhaktInAm api sambandha eva arthH| 'caitrasya pacati' ityAdAv api taNDulAdi-padAdhyAhAreNaiva bodhaH / SaSThyartha sambandhasya nAmArthenaiva, kriyAyAH karmatvAdinaiva, sAkAMkSatvena sambandha kriyayoH nirAkAMkSatvAt / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki "kriyA kA kAraNa bananA kArakatA (kI paribhASA) hai" yaha mAnanA cAhiye to vaha ucita nahIM kyoMki 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacati' (caitra ke cAvala ko pakAtA hai) yahA~ sambandhI 'caitra' Adi meM ativyApti hogii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa prakAra (apanI) anumati Adi dene ke dvArA 'sampradAna' Adi ('kAraka') kriyA ke kAraNa banate hai usI prakAra sambandhI bhI taNDula Adi (dene) ke dvArA kriyAnimitta ho sakatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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324 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isaliye 'kriyA meM anvita hone vAle vibhaktyartha meM anvita honA' athavA 'kriyA kA (sAkSAt) niSpAdaka honA' hI kArakatA (kI paribhASA) hai| 'vizeSya' banakara kriyA 'sup', 'tiGa' meM se kisI eka ke vibhaktyartha meM anvita hotI hai aura vaha (vibhaktyartha) vizeSyarUpa se hI 'caitra', 'ghaTa' Adi meM (anvita hotA hai)| SaSThI vibhakti ke artha ('sambandha) kA, 'taNDula' aAdi 'nAma' padoM ke artha meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa, (usakA) kriyA meM anvaya na hone se (sambandha' kI 'kArakatA' nahIM hai)| isIliye 'SaSThI' vibhakti tathA 'upapada' vibhakti ke artha (sambandha) meM, unake kriyA meM anvita na hone ke kAraNa, kArakatA nahIM hai-aisA vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiM / 'upapada' vibhaktiyoM kA bhI 'sambandha' hI artha hai / 'caitrasya pacati' ityAdi (vAkyoM) meM 'taNDula' Adi pada ke adhyAhAra se hI artha kA jJAna hotA hai / SaSThI vibhakti kA artha (arthAt) 'sambandha' (taNDula Adi) nAma padoM ke artha ke prati hI 'sAkAMkSa' rahatA hai (kriyA ke prati nahIM) tathA kriyA 'karma' Adi ke prati sAkAMkSa rahatI hai ('sambandha' ke prati nahIM) / isaliye sambandha tathA kriyA donoM (eka dUsare ke prati) nirAkAMkSa haiN| - kriyAnimittatvaM kArakatvam- yahAM 'kArakatva' kI eka dUsarI paribhASA 'kriyAnimittatvaM kArakatvam" pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gayI hai| isa paribhASA meM 'nimitta' kA abhiprAya, 'utpAdaka' nimitta na hokara, 'prayojaka' (preraka) nimitta hai| isaliye 'kAraka' kI isa paribhASA ko svIkAra karane para 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacati' ityAdi prayogoM ke 'caitrasya' jaise sambandha artha vAle padoM meM bhI 'kArakatA' kI ativyApti hogI, kyoMki apane cAvaloM ko pakAne ke liye dekara caitra pakAne kI kriyA meM usI prakAra preraka nimitta hai jisa prakAra 'sampradAna' kAraka meM vaha vyakti dAna kriyA kA nimitta hai jise koI vastu dI jAtI hai| isalie, jisa prakAra dAna ke pAtra 'sampradAna' ko 'kAraka' mAnA jAtA haiM usI prakAra, 'sambandhI' ko bhI 'kAraka' mAnanA hogaa| kriyAnvita'''kArakatvam-- isa doSa ke nirAkaraNa ke liye 'kAraka' kI anya do paribhASAeM yahA~ dI gayIM-"kriyAnvita-vibhaktyAnvitatvam kArakatvam" tathA "kiyAnirvakatvaM vA kaarktvm"| pahalI kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kriyA meM anvita hone vAle vibhaktyartha (aAkhyAtA ke artha 'kartRtva' yA 'karmatva') meM jisakA anvaya ho vaha 'kAraka' hai| tathA dUsarI kA abhiprAya hai ki jo kriyA kA nirvartaka arthAt niSpAdaka yA janaka ho vaha 'kAraka' hai| pahalI paribhASA ke dvArA, uparipradarzita paddhati se, 'prAtipadikArtha tathA 'sambodhanArtha' meM hone vAlI, 'prathamA' tathA 'adhikaraNa' kI aura dUsarI paribhASA se zeSa anya 'kArakoM' kI 'kAraka' saMjJA siddha hotI hai / vizeSyatayaiva "caitraghaTAdau--pahalI paribhASA ko spaSTa karane ke liye yahAM kiyA tathA 'vibhaktyartha' Adi ke gauNa-pradhAna-bhAva kI carcA kI gayI hai| kiyA kA jaba 'vibhaktyartha' ke sAtha anvaya hotA hai taba kriyA kA artha pradhAna hotA hai| parantu jaba 'vibhaktyartha' kA 'caitra' Adi zabdoM ke sAtha anvaya hotA hai taba vibhakti kA artha pradhAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 325 hotA hai / 'vibhaktyartha' kA tAtparya hai 'sup' vibhakti athavA 'tiG' vibhakti kA artha / 'sup' vibhakti ke artha meM 'prathamA vibhakti' kA artha - ( 'prAtipadikArtha' ) tathA 'adhikaraNa' kA artha ('AdhAra') prabhISTa hai tathA 'tiGa' vibhakti ke artha meM, kartRvAcya ke vAkyoM meM, 'karttA' aura karmavAcya ke vAkyoM meM 'karma' prabhISTa haiM / 'caitraH gacchati' isa vAkya ke 'vibhaktyartha' arthAt 'prathamAvibhakta' kA artha ( 'prAtipadikArtha' ) evaM 'tiGa' vibhakti kA artha ( ' kartRtva' ) donoM -bhinna hokara gamana kriyA meM anvita hote haiN| isa prakAra yahAM gamana kriyA kI pradhAnatA hai / parantu isa 'vibhaktyartha' ke sAtha 'caitra' zabda kA jaba anvaya hogA taba 'vibhaktyartha' ('prAtipadikArtha' se abhinna 'kartRtva' ) kI pradhAnatA hogii| isI prakAra 'ghaTa: kriyate' isa karmavAcya ke prayoga meM pahale 'vibhaktyartha', ('prAtipadikArtha' ) se abhinna 'karmatva' kA karanArUpa kriyA meM zranviya hogaa| phira isa 'vibhaktyartha' ke sAtha 'ghaTa' kA anya hogA | SaSThyarthasya zradhyAhAreNaiva bodha : - isa prakAra prathamArtha tathA saptamyartha kA, kriyA meM anvita hone vAle, 'karttA' tathA 'karma' meM granvaya hone ke kAraNa inakI 'kArakatA ' siddha ho jAtI hai / parantu SaSThI vibhakti ke artha 'sambandha' meM yaha lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA aura yahI abhISTa bhI hai / isa prakAra pUrvokta prativyApti doSa isa paribhASA meM nahIM upasthita hotA kyoMki 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacati' ityAdi prayogoM meM SaSThyanta 'caitra' zabda kA anvaya 'taNDula' yAdi 'nAma' zabdoM ke artha meM hotA hai / kisI prakAra - paramparayA -- bhI usakA granvaya kriyA meM nahIM hotaa| jaba kevala 'caitrasya pacati' itanA hI kahA jAtA hai taba bhI 'taNDula' jaise kisI 'nAma' zabda kA adhyAhAra karake hI isa vAkya kA artha kiyA jAtA hai / isaliye yahAM usa adhyAhRta 'nAma' zabda ke artha ke sAtha hI SaSThyanta zabda kA anvaya hai / SaSThyarthasambandhasya nirAkAMkSatvAt -- ' SaSThyanta zabda tathA kriyAvAcaka padoM ke arthoM kA paraspara anvaya ho hI nahIM sakatA' isa kathana kI puSTi ke liye yahAM eka prabala hetu yaha diyA gayA hai ki SaSThI vibhakti kA artha ( sambandha ) 'nAma' zabdoM ke artha ke prati hI sAkAMkSa rahatA hai| isa kAraNa usase anvita hokara vaha nirapekSa yA nirAkAMkSa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra, 'AkAMkSA' rahita ho jAne ke kAraNa, 'sambandha' tathA 'kriyA' kA paraspara anvaya ho hI nahIM sakatA / isa rUpa meM kiyA meM anvita na hone ke kAraNa isakI 'kArakatA' samApta ho jAtI hai / paSThI vibhakti ke samAna hI 'upapada' vibhaktiyoM kI bhI sthiti hai kyoMki unakA artha bhI 'sambandha' hI hai jisakA anvaya 'kriyA' meM nahIM hotA / ' upapada' vibhakta zabda kA vigraha kiyA jAtA hai-- upapadena ( samIpa sthitena padena ) yoge vibhaktiH upapadavibhaktiH' / arthAt kisI pada ke samIpa meM hone ke kAraNa upasthita hone vAlI vibhakti / isake udAharaNa haiM- " namaH svasti svAhA svadhA pralaM- vaSAr3a yogAcca" ( pA0 2.3.16 ) jaise sUtroM se vihita 'caturthI' Adi vibhaktiyAM / isaliye, kriyA meM anvita na hone ke kAraNa vaiyAkaraNa SaSThI vibhakti tathA 'upapada' vibhakti ke artha ('sambandha' ) ko 'kAraka' nahIM mAnate / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ['kartA' ko eka anya paribhASA kA khaNDana] yattu 'kArakAnta rAprayojyatve sati kAraka-cakraprayojakatvaM kartRtvam' iti tanna / 'sthAlI pacati' 'asizchinatti' ityAdau sthAlyAdeH kArakacakrAyojakatvAt kArakAntara prayojyatvAcca tattvaM na syAd ityalam / jo "kArakAntara se prerita na hokara (kartA se bhinna) 'kAraka'-samUha kA preraka honA 'kata tA' hai" yaha paribhASA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki 'sthAlI pacati' (patIlI pakAtI hai|, 'asiH chinatti' (talavAra kATatI hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'sthAlI' Adi (zabdoM) kI, 'kAraka'-samUha ke prayojaka na hone tathA anya kAraka' (caitra Adi se) prayojya hone ke kAraNa, 'katatA' nahIM ho skegii| 'kartRtva' kI mImAMsaka sammata paribhASA hai "kArakAntarAprayojyatve sati kAraka cakraprayojakatvam" (dra0-vaibhUsA0, zAMkarI TIkA, pR0 186) / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo kisI dUsare 'kAraka' se prerita na ho tathA svayaM sabhI 'kArakoM' kA preraka ho vaha 'kartA' hai| "kArake" (pA. 1.4.23) sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali ne kahA hai "kathaM punarjJAyate kartA pradhAnam iti ? yat sarveSu sAdhaneSu sannihiteSu kartA pravartayitA bhavati", arthAta sabhI kArakoM meM 'kartA' pradhAna hotA hai yaha kaise jAnA jAya ? isa kA uttara yaha hai ki anya sabhI kArakoM' ke vidyamAna hone para kArya taba taka nahIM hotA jaba taka 'kartA' una 'kArakoM' ko kArya karane ke liye prerita nahIM karatA / isaliye 'kartA' pradhAna hotA hai| sambhavataH aise kathanoM ke AdhAra para hI 'kartA' kI uparyukta paribhASA mImAMsakoM ne prastuta kii| nAgeza ne isa paribhASA ke khaNDana meM yaha kahA ki 'sthAlI pacati' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'kartA' sthAlI ityAdi meM na to anya kArakoM' ko prerita karane kI zakti hai aura na hI yahI bAta hai ki ve 'kartA' se prerita nahIM hote, arthAt eka tarapha to ve anya kArakoM' ko prerita nahIM kara pAte dUsare ve 'kartA' devadatta Adi se prerita hote haiM kyoMki ve sarvathA acetana haiM / ata: avyApti doSa ke kAraNa yaha paribhASA mAnya nahIM hai / kauNDabhaTTa ne bhI isI yukti ke sAtha isa paribhASA kA khaNDana kiyA hai / dra0-"kArakacakaprayoktRtvaM .. 'daNDa: karoti' ityatra avyAptam" (vabhUsA0 pR0 186), arthAt 'kAraka-samUha kA prerakakartA hai' yaha paribhASA 'daNDaH karoti' isa prayoga meM 'daNDa:' kI kartRtA ko utpanna nahIM kara paatii| parantu nAgezabhaTaTa tathA kauNDabhaTaTa kA yaha khaNDana ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'sthAlI pacati' yA 'daNDa: karoti' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'sthAloM Adi acetana padArthoM meM cetanatA 1. tulanA karo- bhUsA0 (pR0 186); "kArakacakraprayokta tva' kArakatvam .. 'daNDa: karoti' ityatrA vyaaptm"| 2. ha. meM 'tattva na syAt' yaha aMza nahIM hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 327 kA Aropa karake hI una meM 'kartatva kI vivakSA ko gyii| isa prakAra jaba Aropita cetanatA vahAM hai to 'sthAlI' yA 'daNDa' ityAdi svata: anya 'kArakoM ke preraka tathA karttA se aprerya ho jaayeNge| isalie mahAbhASyakAra ne 'kArake' sUtra ke bhASya meM (1.4.23 pR0 352) hI yaha bhI mAnA haiM ki 'sthAlI' meM hone vAle yatnoM ko jaba 'pac' dhAtu se kahA jAtA hai taba sthAlI svataMtra hotI hai, arthAt sthAlI ko svataMtra athavA kartA ke rUpa meM prakaTa karane kI vaktA kI vivakSA hotI hai| jaba 'pac' dhAtu ke dvArA devadatta ke yatna ko kahA jAtA hai taba sthAlI ko parataMtra athavA 'adhikaraNa' ke rUpa meM prakaTa karane kI vaktA kI vivakSA hotI hai| dra0"sthAlIsthe yatne (pacinA) kathyamAne sthAlI svataMtrA kartasthe yatne kathyamAne parataMtrA" / acetana padArthoM meM 'kartRtva' kA Aropa prAyaH hotA hai| isIliye to 'bhikSA vAsayati' ityAdi prayoga susaMgata ho pAte haiN| vastutaH vaktA apanI vivakSA ke anusAra jisa kisI bhI kAraka' ko svataMtra athavA parataMtra banA sakatA hai / dra0 - "sarvamaiva svAtaMtryaM pArataMtryaM ca vivakSitam" (mahA0 1.4.23 50 350) / isIliye 'sthAlI pacati', 'daNDa: karoti' jaise prayoga athavA karmakartA ke prayoga sambhava ho sake / ataH 'kartA' kI uparyukta paribhASA ko amAnya nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| ['karma' kAraka ko paribhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra karmatvaM ca 'prakRta-dhAtvartha-pradhAnIbhUta-vyApAra-prayojyaprakRta-dhAtvartha-phalAzrayatvena uddezyatvam' / idameva kamalakSaNe 'Ipsitatamatvam' / 'gAM payo dogdhi' ityAdau payovRttir yo vibhAgas tadanukUlo vyApAro govRttiH / tadanukUlazca gopavattiH / atra payasaH karmatva-siddhaye 'prayojyatva'-nivezaH / 'janyatva'-niveze' tanna syAt / 'prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' ityatra prayAgasya karmatva-vAraNAya 'prakRtadhAtvartha phala' iti / nahi vibhAgaH prakRta-dhAtvarthaH / kintu nAntarIyakatayA gamane utpdyte| prayAgasya phalatA vacchedaka-sambandhena phalAzrayatvena anuddezyatvAcca / 'karmatA' (kI paribhASA) hai-"prastuta dhAtu ke arthoM meM-pradhAnobhUta 'vyApAra' se (sIdhe athavA paramparayA) utpAdya, prastuta dhAtu ke (gauNa) artha,- 'phala'- ke Azraya ke rUpa meM uddezya bnaanaa"| 'karma' ke lakSaNa ("kartu ra IpsitatamaM karma" sUtra) meM 'IpsitatamatA' kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| 'gAM payo dogdhi' (gAya kA dUdha duhatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM dUdha meM hone vAlA jo vibhAga usake 1. ha.-karmaNa: / 2. ha.-niveze tu / 3. ha0 tathA va mi.-"phalatAvacchedaka sambandhena" aMza anupalabdha hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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328 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA anukUla 'vyApAra' gau meM hotA hai| usa (gau meM hone vAle 'vyApAra') kA utpAdaka-'cyApAra' gopa meM hotA hai| yahA~ dUdha meM 'karmatA' kI siddhi ke liye 'prayojyatva' ko (lakSaNa meM) sthAna diyA gyaa| 'prayojyatA' (zabda) kI jagaha 'janyatA' (zabda) ko rakhane para vaha (payas' kI 'karma' saMjJA siddha) nahIM hotii| 'prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' (prayAga se kAzI jAtA hai) yahAM 'prayAga' kI 'karma' saMjJA ke nivAraNa ke liye (paribhASA meM) 'prakRta-dhAtvartha-phala' (itanA aMza rakhA gayA) hai| (prayAga se kAzI jAte samaya prayAga meM hone vAlA) vibhAga prastuta (gam') dhAtu kA artha nahIM hai kintu anivArya hone ke kAraNa 'gamana' (kriyA) meM vaha utpanna ho jAtA hai / sAtha hI prayAga 'phalatAvacchedaka' sambandha se, 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM, uddezya bhI nahIM hai| yahAM 'karma' kAraka kI carcA karate hue pahale usakI paribhASA dI gaI jisameM yaha kahA gayA ki jisa dhAtu kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai, usa prastuta dhAtu kA jo pradhAnIbhUta artha, ('vyApAra' yA kriyA) usase sAkSAt athavA paramparayA utpAdya, tathA prastuta dhAtu ke hI gauraNa artha ('phala') ke Azraya ke rUpa meM vaktA ko jo abhISTa ho vaha 'karma' hai / dhAtu ke do artha hote haiM-eka 'vyApAra' athavA kriyA tathA dUsarA 'phl'| pahalA artha pradhAna hai to dUsarA gaunn| isI kAraNa yahAM 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' donoM ke sAtha 'dhAtvartha' vizeSaNa prayukta huA hai| isa paribhASA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'kumbhakAra: ghaTaM karoti' (kumhAra ghar3A banAtA hai) isa prayoga ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM prakRta dhAtu hai 'kR' jisa kA pradhAna artha hai "utpatti ke anukUla hone vAlA 'vyaapaar"| isa 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA tathA prastuta dhAta kA gauraNa artha hai utpatti rUpa 'phl'| isa utpatti rUpa 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM abhISTa vastu hai 'ghaTa' / isaliye 'ghaTa' kI karma saMjJA hai / gAM payo dondhi' ityAdau "janyatva'-niveze tanna syAt - 'karma' kAraka kI uparyukta paribhASA meM 'prayojya' zabda kA artha hai sIdhe athavA paramparayA utpanna hone vAlA 'phala' / sAmAntayA 'vyApAra' se 'phala' sIdhe utpanna ho jAyA karatA hai| isI kAraNa 'vyApAra' kI paribhASA kI gayI-"dhAtvartha-phala-janakatve sati dhAtu-vAcyatvam', arthAt dhAtvartha rUpa 'phala' kA utpAdaka hote hae jo dhAtu kA vAcya ho vaha 'vyApAra hai| parantu kabhI kabhI 'vyApAra' se 'phala' sIdhe utpanna na hokara paramparayA utpanna huA karatA hai / jaise-'gAM payo dogdhi' (gAya kA dUdha duhatA hai) isa vAkya meM 'dohana' kriyA kA 'kartA' hai 'gopa' / yahA~ 'daha' dhAtu kA 'vyApAra' rUpa pradhAna artha 'gopa' ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA 'dohana' vyApAra / tathA isa 'duha' dhAtu kA 'phalarUpa' artha hai, gAya se dUdha kA 'vibhAga' arthAt alaga honaa| isa prakAra yahA~ gopa ke dohana 'vyApAra' se 'vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' kI sIdhe utpatti nahIM hotI apitu gopa-vyApAra' se gAya meM kucha 'vyApAra' utpanna hote haiM aura usa go-'vyApAra' ke dvArA dUdha kA gAya se 'vibhAga' hotA hai / isaliye yadi yahAM 'karma' kI 'paribhASA' meM 'prayojya' zabda na rakha kara 'janya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hotA to paramparayA utpanna jo 'phala' arthAt 'vibhAga' usake prAzraya dUdha kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki 'janya' kA artha hai-sAkSAt utpAdya / 'prayojya' zabda usakI apekSA vyApaka hai| 'prayojya' zabda ke artha kI sImA meM pradhAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 326 'vyApAra' ke dvArA paramparayA utpAdya 'phala' bhI A jAtA hai| ataH isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM lakSaNa kI avyApti nahIM hotii| 'prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' ...... phalAzrayatvenAnudde zyatvAcca-'karma' ke lakSaNa meM yahA~ jo 'prakRtadhAtvarthaphala' pada rakhA gayA usakA prayojana yaha hai ki 'prayAgAt kAzI gacchati' (prayAga se kAzI jAtA hai) isa prayoga meM 'prayAga' kI bhI 'karma' saMjJA na ho jAya / bAta yaha hai ki prayAga se jo prAdamI kAzI jA rahA hai usake caraNa-prakSepa Adi vyApAra se jisa prakAra kAzI se 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' kI utpatti hotI hai usI prakAra prayAga se bhI 'vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' kI utpatti hotI hai| isaliye jisa prakAra 'saMyoga' kA prazraya hone ke kAraNa kAzI kI 'karma' saMjJA hotI hai usI prakAra 'vibhAga' kA prAzraya hone ke kAraNa prayAga kI bhI 'karma' saMjJA prApta hotI hai| parantu prakRta 'gam' dhAtu kA artha 'uttara deza se saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' hai, 'pUrvadeza se vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' nahIM, isaliye 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' ke prAzrayabhUta kAzI kI to 'karma' saMjJA ho jAtI hai para 'vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' ke grAzrayabhUta prayAga' kI 'karma'saMjJA nahIM hotii| yahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba jAne vAle vyakti ke caraNa-vikSepa Adi 'vyApAroM' se hI 'saMyoga' tathA 'vibhAga' ye donoM hI 'phala' utpanna hote haiM to phira kevala 'saMyoga' ko hI 'gam' dhAtu kA artha kyoM mAnA jAtA hai - 'vibhAga' ko kyoM nhiiN| isa prazna kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki 'vibhAga' to yahAM isaliye utpanna hotA hai ki 'vibhAga' ke vinA 'saMyoga' ho hI nahIM sktaa| isaliye 'gamana' vyApAra meM usakI, anivArya rUpa se, utpatti hotI hI hai| isI kAraNa vibhAga' ko 'nAntarIyaka" kahA gayA isake atirikti prayAga se kAzI jAne vAle yAtrI kA, 'phalatAvacchedaka' sambandha se 'phala' ke grAzraya ke rUpa meM, prayAga uddezya bhI nahIM hotaa| jisa sambandha se 'phala' kA usake pAzraya meM rahanA abhISTa ho usa sambandha ko 'phalatAvacchedaka' sambandha kahA jAtA hai| yaha sambandha pratyeka dhAtu kI dRSTi se bhinna bhinna hogaa| jaise-'grAmaM gacchati' yahAM 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' grAma meM 'anuyogitvaviziSTa samavAya' sambandha se hai| isa liye isa sambandha ko hI yahAM 'phalatA' kA 'avacchedaka' mAnA jaaygaa| yadi 'phalatAvacchedaka sambandha' kI bAta na kahI jAya to, jisa prakAra saMyoga kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa 'grAma' kI 'karma' saMjJA hokara 'caitra: grAmaM gacchati' yaha prayoga hotA hai usI prakAra, svayaM 'caitra' bhI 'saMyoga' kA prAzraya hai kyoMki 'saMyoga' dviSTha (do meM rahane vAlA) hanA karatA hai isaliye 'caitra' ko bhI 'karma' saMjJA hone ke kAraNa 'caitra: caitraM gacchati' prayoga bhI hone lgegaa| parantu 'phalatAvacchedaka' sambandha se 'saMyoga' caitra meM nahIM hai| 'anuyogitvaviziSTa samavAya' sambandha se 'saMyoga' grAma-niSTha hai caitraniSTha nahIM hai / isaliye caitra kI ukta prayoga meM 'karma'sajJA nahIM ho sktii| isI prakAra 'grAmaM tyajati' jaise prayogoM meM 'pratiyogitvaviziSTa samavAya' sambandha 'phalatA' kA avacchedaka hai arthAt isI sambandha se 1. "vinA' artha vAle 'antarA' zabda se "tatra bhavaH" (pA0 4.3.53) isa artha meM "gahAdibhyazca" (pA0 4.2.138) sUtra se 'cha' (Iya) pratyaya tathA phira svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya kara ke 'antarIyaka' zabda banA / aura usase 'naJ-samAsa' tathA 'bhAva' artha meM 'tal' pratyaya karake tRtIyA vibhakti ke eka vacana meM 'nAntarIyakatayA' zabda banA jisakA abhiprAya hai 'nizcita yA anivArya rUpa se| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'vibhAga' rUpa phala 'grAma' meM rahatA hai| parantu 'grAmAda vibhajate' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'anuyogitvaviziSTa samavAya' sambandha 'phalatA' kA avacchedaka' hai| isI kAraNa, donoM 'tyaj' tathA 'vibhaj dhAtuoM ke' vibhAga rUpa eka 'phala' ke vAcaka hone para bhI, 'grAma tyajati' ke samAna 'prAmAd vibhajate' isa prayoga meM, 'phalatA' ke 'avacchedaka' sambandha ke bhinna hone se, 'grAma' kI karma' saMjJA nahIM huii| isI prakAra 'prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' isa prayoga meM 'phalatAvacchedaka', arthAt 'anuyogitvaviziSTa samavAya', sambandha se saMyoga rUpa 'phala' kA prAzraya kAzI hai na ki pryaag| isa kAraNa prayAga kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM hotii| ['karma' saMjJA kI paribhASA ke 'uddezyatva' pada ke viSaya meM vicAra nanu 'prakRta-dhAtvartha'-graharaNenaiva atra vAraNAd 'uddezyatva'niveza: kimartha iti cet ? na / tasya asAdhAraNaM prayojanaM 'kAzI gacchan pathi mataH' iti kAzyA: phalA'zrayatvAbhAve'pi phalAzrayatvena uddezyatva-sattvAt karmatvam / 'prakRta-dhAtvartha' (isa aMza) ke grahaNa se hI yahAM ('prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'prayAga' jaise zabdoM ke 'karmatva' kA) nivAraNa ho jAne ke kAraNa (lakSaNa meM) 'uddezyatva' (pada) kA praveza kisaliye hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki usa ('uddezya' pada) kA eka asAdhAraNa prayojana hai / 'kAzIM gacchan pathi mataH' (kAzI ko jAte hue rAste meM mara gayA) yahAM yadyapi kAzI ('saMyoga' rUpa) 'phala' kA Azraya nahIM hai phira bhI 'phala' kI AzrayatA ke rUpa meM (vaha kAzI) abhISTa hai isaliye ('uddezya' hone ke kAraNa) usakI 'karma' saMjJA ho jAtI hai| _ 'karmatva' ke lakSaNa meM vidyamAna 'uddezyatva' zabda kA vizeSa prayojana yaha hai ki yadi 'karma' saMjJA ke lakSaNa meM 'uddezyatva' pada na rakhA jAya to jo yAtrI kAzI jA rahA hai parantu kAzI taka na pahu~ca kara rAste meM hI mara jAtA hai usake liye kAzI 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' kA Azraya nahIM bntii| isaliye prakRta dhAtu ke artharUpa 'phala' kA Azraya na hone ke kAraNa, kAzI kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM ho skegii| parantu 'uddezya' pada ke niveza se lakSaNa kA svarUpa hogA---'phala' kA sAkSAt Azraya ho cAhe na ho, parantu 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM abhISTa hone para bhI 'kAraka' kI 'karma' saMjJA hogii| aba jo vyakti kAzI jAte hue rAste meM hI mara jAtA hai usake liye bhI 'phala' kI prAzrayatA ke rUpa meM to 'kAzI' abhISTa hai hii| isaliye yahA~ bhI 'kAzI' kI 'karma' saMjJA ho jAtI hai / 1. ha. meM 'phalAzrayatvAbhAve'pi' aMza anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa ___331 kama' kAraka kI paribhASA meM 'yogyatAvizeSa-zAlitvam' aura jor3anA cAhiye] nanu kAzIM gacchati cetre 'caitraH kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam' iti prayogAnupapattiH, prayAgasya phalAzrayatvena uddezyatvAbhAvAd iti cet ? ucyate karmalakSaNe 'Ipsitatama'padasya 'svArtha viziSTa-yogyatA-vizeSe' lakSaNA / tathA ca 'prakRta-dhAtvartha-pradhAnIbhUta-vyApAra-prayojya-prakRta-dhAtvarthaphalAzrayatvena uddezyatva-yogyatA-vizeSa-zAlitvaM krmtvm'| tacca prayAgasyApyasti iti karmatvaM tasya sulabham / kAzI ko jAte hue caitra ke liye 'caitraH kAzI gacchati na prayAgam' (caitra kAzI jAtA hai prayAga nahIM) isa prayoga kI siddhi nahIM ho pAtI kyoMki phalAzrayatA kI dRSTi se caitra kA uddezya prayAga nahIM hai-yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki 'karma' ke lakSaNa ("kartur IpsitatamaM karma" (pA0 1.4.46 isa sUtra) meM 'Ipsitatama' pada kI 'svArtha se yukta yogyatAvizeSa' artha meM lakSaNA hai| isa rUpa meM "prastuta dhAtu ke artha pradhAnabhUta 'vyApAra' se prayojya, prastuta dhAtu ke artha, 'phala' kI AzrayatA ke uddezyatA ke sAmarthya vizeSa se yukta honA 'karmatA' hai"| aura yaha 'karmatA' prayAga meM bhI hai isaliye usa (prayAga) kI 'karma' saMjJA sulabha hai| Upara 'karmatva' kI jo paribhASA dI gayI usake anusAra 'caitra: kAzI gacchati na prayAgam' isa prayoga meM 'prayAga' kI karmasaMjJA nahIM siddha hotI kyoMki 'phala' kI AzrayatA ke rUpa meM jAne vAle kA uddezya kAzI hai na ki pryaag| isa anupapatti ke samAdhAna ke liye, pANini ke "karturIpsitatamaM karma" sUtra ke, 'Ipsitatamam' pada meM lakSaNA kA sahArA lekara usakA 'IpsitatamatA (yogyatAvizeSa) se yukta' artha kiyA gyaa| isa 'yogyatA-vizeSa' se yukta hone kI kSamatA jisameM hogI, bhale hI vaha phalAzrayatA rUpa se uddezya na ho phira bhI, usakI 'karma' saMjJA svIkAra kara lI jaaegii| Ipsitatama' pada kI isa lAkSaNika vyAkhyA ke anusAra upara kI paribhASA meM bhI 'yogyatAvizeSazAlitva' aMza aura jor3a diyA gyaa| aba, prayAga meM yaha 'yogyatA-vizeSa' hai ki vaha phalAzrayatA rUpa se uddezya bana ske| isaliye prayAga kI 'karma' saMjJA ho jAyagI, bhale hI yahAM 'caitraH kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam' isa prayoga meM phalAzrayatvena udiSTa na bhI ho| [kucha anya prayogoM meM 'karmatva' ko upapatti] etena kAryAntaraM kurvati caitre 'kiM grAmaM gacchati athavA prodanaM pacati ?' iti prazne 'na grAmaM gacchati na prodanaM 1. ha. meM 'prayogAnApatti:' pATha hai| 2. ha0 meM anuplbdh| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 332 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA pacati' ityAdi prayogA vyAkhyAtAH / yatra tu tAr3anAdinA parAdhInatayA viSabhojanAdikaM tatra viSAdi tAdRzaphalAzrayatvena, uddezyameva / grata eva " prAtazca viSamIpsitaM yad bhakSayati tAr3anAt" iti bhASyaM saGgacchate / etena 'kazAbhihitaH kArAgAraM gacchati' iti vyAkhyAtam / isa paribhASA se anya karma ko karate hue caitra ke viSaya meM 'kyA gAMva jAtA hai athavA cAvala pakAtA hai' yaha pUchane para 'na grAMmaM gacchati na zrodanaM pacati' (na gAMva jAtA hai na cAvala pakAtA hai)' ityAdi prayogoM kI vyAkhyA ( arthAt - grAma aura taNDula ke 'karmatva' kI siddhi) ho jAtI hai / parantu jahA~ mArapITa Adi ke dvArA vivazatA se viSa bhojana prAdi ( kiyA jAtA ) hai vahA~ viSa pradi, usa prakAra ke 'phala' kA prAzraya hone ke kAraNa, uddezya haiM (prataH vahA~ 'yogyatAvizeSa' ke prazraya kI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai ) / isaliye "avazya hI viSa abhISTa hai kyoMki mAra ke bhaya se use khAtA hai" yaha bhASya ( meM pataMjali ) kA kathana susaGgata hotA hai / isa (kathana) se karAyA abhihataH kArAgAraM gacchati' (kor3e se mArA huA jela jAtA hai) yaha (prayoga) spaSTa ho gayA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Upara 'karmatva' kI paribhASA meM, 'Ipsitatama' pada meM 'lakSaraNA' vRtti mAnate hue, 'yogyatAvizeSazAlitvam' pada kA jo saMyojana kiyA gayA usake dvArA hI, 'caitra: na grAmaM gacchati na prodanaM pacati' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'grAma' tathA 'prodana' padoM meM uddezya banane ke 'yogyatA vizeSa' ke rahane ke kAraNa, 'grAma' tathA 'prodana jaise zabdoM kI karmatA siddha ho jAtI hai / parantu jaba koI vyakti mAra yA pIr3A ke bhaya se viSa khAtA hai yA kor3e se mArA jAtA huA jela jAtA hai to vahA~ 'yogyatAvizeSa - zAlitA' kA AdhAra liye binA hI, 'viSa' yA 'kArAgAra' jaise zabdoM kI 'karma' saMjJA siddha ho jAegI kyoMki vahA~ kartA kA uddezya 'viSa' athavA jela hI hotA hai| pataMjali ne bhI aise sthaloM meM 'viSa' Adi ko hI 'uddezya' mAnA hai, yaha uparyukta uddharaNa se spaSTa hai / [ 'yogyatA vizeSazAlitvam' meM 'vizeSa' pada kA prayojana ] 1. 2. kAlatraye kAzI- gamana-zUnye caitre 'kAzIM gacchati caitraH ' iti vAraNAya 'vizeSa' iti / kAzyAH phalAzrayatvena ha0 - viSAdeH / tulanA karo - mahA0 1.4.50; viSayabhakSaNamapi kasyacidIpsitaM bhavati / katham ? iha ya eSa manuSyo duHkhArto bhavati so'nyAni duHkhAni anunizamya viSabhakSaNameva jyAyo manyate / Atazca IpsitaM yattad bhakSayati / ha0 meM 'kAlatraya' pATha hai / 3. For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya uddezyatva-yogyatA-sattve'pi tadvizeSaNAbhAvAn na karmatvam tad vizeSazca vyApArasamakAlikas taTasthajanagamyaH / kiM ca IdRzasthale tadavizeSavattve'pi niSedha eva anubhavasiddha iti' 'kAzIM na gacchati' iti kima anupapannama ? ('bhUta' 'bhaviSyad', 'vartamAna' ina) tInoM kAloM meM jo kAzIgamana-se rahita hai aise caitra ke liye 'kAzoM gacchati caitraH' (caitra kAzI jAtA hai) isa prayoga ke nivAraNArtha (Upara 'karma' kI paribhASA meM 'yogyatA' ke sAtha) 'vizeSa' pada rakhA gayA hai| isaliye 'phala' ko prAzrayatA kI dRSTi se uddezya banane kI yogyatA kAzI meM hone para bhI yogyatA vizeSa ke na hone ke kAraNa (kAzI kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM hotI aura vaha yogyatA-vizeSa' apane Azraya meM 'vyApAra' ke samaya rahA karatA hai tathA ('kartA' se bhinna) taTastha vyakti (jo 'vyApAra' nahIM kara rahA hai usa ) ke dvArA jJAtavya hai| isa ke atirikta aise sthaloM meM 'yogyatAvizeSa' ke hone para bhI niSedha hI anubhava (vyavahAra) ke dvArA pramANita hai / isaliye 'kAzIM na gacchati' isa prayoga meM kyA asaGgati hai ? pahA kahA 'karma' kI paribhASA meM Upara 'yogyatA' ke sAtha jo 'vizeSa' pada kA saMyojana kiyA gayA usakA prayojana batAte hue yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki usa caitra ke liye, jisakA kAzIgamana tInoM kAloM meM asambhava hai, 'caitraH kAzI gacchati' yaha prayoga meM hone lage / paribhASA meM 'vizeSa' pada ke na rahane para kAzI kI 'karma' saMjJA isa liye ho jAtI ki phalAzrayatA rUpa se uddezya banane kI yogyatA to usameM bhI hai hii| hA~ 'yogyatA-vizeSa' nahIM hai| yaha 'yogyatA-vizeSa' kyA hai ise spaSTa karate hae yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki jisa samaya 'kartA' apanA 'vyApAra' kara rahA hotA hai usa samaya hI yaha 'yogyatA-vizeSa' phalAzrayatA rUpa se abhISTa vastu meM hotA hai tathA taTastha arthAt jo vyakti usa vyApAra ko nahIM kara rahA hai usI ko isa 'yagyatA-vizeSa' kA jJAna ho pAtA hai, dUsaroM ko nhiiN| parantu nAgeza kI yaha 'yogyatAvizeSa' vAlI bAta bahuta susaMgata evaM saMyuktika nahIM pratIta hotii| yadi 'karma kAraka kI uparyukta paribhASA meM 'yogyatAvizeSa' pada na bhI rakhA jAya to bhI 'caitra: kAzI gacchati' yaha prayoga nahIM hogA, kyoMki vaktA jaba yaha jAnatA hai ki caitra kabhI bhI kAzI nahIM jA sakatA to vaha 'caitraH kAzIM gacchati' prayoga karegA hI kyoM? vaha to 'kAzIM na gacchati caitra:' yahI khegaa| yaha anubhavasiddha hai| vastutaH 'karma' kI paribhASA meM 'yogyatAvizeSazAlitvam' pada kA saMyojana bahata Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki 'caitraH kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam' jaise prayogoM meM bhI, uparyukta paddhati se, 'prayAga' meM uddezyatA kA Aropa karake karmatva kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| 'vizeSa' pada ke prayojana kI nissAratA to svayaM nAgezabhaTTa ne hI yahAM anubhava ke AdhAra para mAna lI hai| 1. ha0 meM anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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334 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ['karma' kAraka ke kucha anya prayogoM para vicAra nanu 'annaM bhakSayan viSaM bhukte' 'grAmaM gacchaMs tRNaMspRzati' ityAdau viSatRNayor uddezyatvAbhAvAt kathaM karmatvam iti cet zRNu / "tathA yuktam 0" (pA0 1.4.50) iti lkssnnaantraat| "prakRta-dhAtvartha-pradhAnIbhUta-vyApAraprayojana-prakata-dhAtvartha-phalAzrayatvama anIpsita-karmatvam" iti tadarthAt / 'prayAgAta kAzIM gacchati' ityatra prayAgasya karmatva-vAraNAya 'prakRta-dhAtvartha-phala' iti / dveSyodAsIna-karma-saGagrahArtham idaM lakSaNam / 'annaM bhakSayan viSaM bhuGkte' (anna khAte hue viSa khAtA hai) tathA 'grAma gacchaMs taNaM spRzati' (gA~va jAtA huA tRNa chUtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'viSa' tathA 'taNa' ke udadazya na hone se (ina donoM kI) 'karma' saMjJA kaise hogI? isa kA uttara yaha hai ki "tathA'yuktaM cAnIpsitam" isa dUsare sUtra se (ina kI 'karmasaMjJA ho jAyagI) kyoMki usa (sUtra) kA artha hai--"prastuta dhAtu ke artha-pradhAnIbhUta 'vyApAra'-se utpAdya. prastuta dhAtu ke artha--phalakA Azraya honA anIpsita-karmatA hai"| 'prayAgAt kAzI gacchati' (prayAga se kAzI jAtA hai) yahA~ 'prayAga' kI 'karmasaMjJA ('anIpsitakarmatA') na ho jAya isaliye (yahAM 'anIpsita-karmatA' kI paribhASA meM') 'prakRta-dhAtvartha-phala' pada rakhA gayA hai 'duSya' tathA-'udAsIna' karma (--- saMjJaka zabdoM) ke saGgraha ke liye yaha lakSaNa banAyA gyaa| Upara, "kartura IpsitatamaM karma" sUtra ke AdhAra para 'karma' kAraka kI jo paribhASA kI gayI usase 'annaM bhakSayan viSaM bhuGkte' tathA 'grAmaM gacchaMs tRNaM spRzati' jaise prayogoM meM dvaSya (ghAtaka) 'viSa' tathA udAsIna (jo na to abhISTa hI hai aura na anabhISTa hai) 'taNa' kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM prApta hotI, kyoMki ve 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM anna khAne vAle tathA gAMva jAne vAle vyakti ko abhISTa nahIM hai| jo bhojana kara rahA hai vaha kabhI bhI yaha nahIM cAhegA ki vaha viSa bhI khA le| vaha to viSa se dvaSa hI karegA, kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki viSa-bhakSaraNa se usakI matyu ho jaaygii| dveSa kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa hI viSa ko yahAM 'dveSya' kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra gAMva jAte hue vyakti ke liye rAste meM milane vAle tRNa ityAdi 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM na to abhISTa hI haiM aura na viSa ke samAna dvaSya hI haiN| isIliye upekSita hone ke kAraNa hI unheM 'udAsIna' kahA gyaa| isa prakAra ke jitane bhI 'dveSya' tathA 'udAsIna' karma haiM, una sabakI 'karmatA' kI siddhi ke liye pANini ne karma saMjJA kA vidhAna karane vAle eka anya sUtra "tathA'yuktaM cAnIpsitam" kI racanA kii| isa sUtra ke artha ko hI Upara nAgeza ne spaSTa kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakArArtha-nirNaya 335 prAkRta-dhAtvartha............phaleti :-nAgeza kI ina paMktiyoM kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' donoM hI, uccarita dhAtu ke artha hoM tathA pradhAna dhAtvartha, ('vyApAra'), se 'phala' utpAdya ho to usa sthiti meM 'phala' kA jo bhI Azraya hogA usakI 'karma' saMjJA ho jAyagI / ataH 'bhakSa' dhAtu ke pradhAna artha bhakSaNa 'vyApAra' se utpAdya bhojana rUpa 'phala', jo 'bhakS' dhAtu kA hI artha hai, ke Azraya viSa tathA isI prakAra 'spRz' dhAtu ke pradhAna artha 'sparzana' 'vyApAra' se utpAdya 'sparza' rUpa 'phala', jo 'spRz' dhAtu kA hI artha hai, ke AzrayabhUta tRNa donoM kI 'karma' saMjJA kI siddhi isa dUsare lakSaNa se ho jaaygii| prathama lakSaNa kI apekSA isa lakSaNa meM antara yaha hai ki pahale meM 'uddezyatA' pada adhika hai jisake kAraNa hI 'viSa' tathA 'tRNa' jaise kramazaH 'duSya' tathA 'udAsIna' AzrayoM kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM ho pAtI thii| aba isa paribhASA meM usake na hone ke kAraNa ina zabdoM kI 'karmatA' meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI cAhe ve 'kartA' kI dRSTi se uddezya ho cAhe na hoM, kevala 'phala' ke Azraya hone ke kAraNa hI unakI 'karmatA' siddha hai| ___yahAM nAgeza ne apane lakSaNa meM 'prakRta-dhAtvartha' arthAt phala, ke sAtha prastuta yA uccarita dhAtu ke artha hone kI jo bAta kahI hai usakA prayojana yaha hai ki 'prayAgAt kAzIM gacchati' jaise prayogoM meM 'prayAga' kI 'karma' saMjJA na ho jAya / prastuta 'gam' dhAtu kA artha 'saMyoga' yahA~ 'phala' hai jisakA Azraya 'kAzI' hai na ki 'prayAga' / isaliye usakI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM hogii| [dvikarmaka dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM vicAra] 'duha ' prAdInAM vyApAra-dvayArtha katvapakSe "akathitaM ca" (pA0 1.4.51) iti vyartham / pUrveNaiva iSTasiddhaH / eka-vyApAra-bodhakatvapakSe tu sambandha-SaSThI-bAdhanArthama / tatpakSe 'karmasambandhitve sati apAdAnAdi-vizeSAvivakSitatvam akathita-karmatvam' iti tRtIya-lakSaNena 'gAM payo dogdhi' ityAdau 'gAm' ityasya karmatva'siddhiri tyanyatra vistaraH / __"duha Adi (dhAtuoM) ke do do vyApAra artha haiM' isa pakSa meM "akathitaM ca" yaha sUtra anAvazyaka hai kyoMki pahale (sUtra "kartu ra IpsitamaM karma") se hI ('gAM payo dogdhi' ityAdi prayogoM meM) iSTa ('karma' saMjJA) kI siddhi ho jaaygii| parantu (ina dhAtuoM ke) eka-vyApAra-bodhakatA pakSa meM ("SaSThI zeSe"; pA0 pa02.3.50 se prApta hone vAlI) 'sambandha-SaSThI ko rokane ke liye ("akathitaM ca" sUtra Avazyaka) hai / usa (eka-vyApArArthakatA ke) pakSa meM "karma kA sambandhI hote hue 'apAdAna' Adi vizeSa (kArakoM ke) dvArA vivakSita na honA 'akathitakarmatA" hai isa tRtIya ("akathitaM caM") lakSaNa se 'gAM payo dogdhi' ityAdi 1. ha. sakamarmatva-1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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336 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA meM 'gAm' pada kI 'karma' saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAyagI / isa viSaya kA vistAra zranyatra (laghu maJjUSA Adi granthoM meM draSTavya) hai / 'duha,' prAdInAM iSTasiddhe :- 'duha' Adi kucha dhAtueM aisI haiM jinameM eka sAtha do do 'vyApAroM kI pratIti hotI hai| 'gAM dogdhi paya:' isa vAkya se jahA~ yaha pratIti hotI hai ki gau apane se dUdha ko alaga karatI hai vahIM yaha pratIti bhI hotI hai ki gvAlA gau se dUdha ko alaga karavAtA hai / isaliye 'duha' dhAtu kA artha hai "dUdha meM hone vAle 'vibhAga' rUpa vyApAra ke anukUla gopa meM hone vAlA 'dohana' rUpa vyApAra" / isa taraha donoM hI 'vyApAra' 'duha' dhAtu ke hI artha haiM - yaha eka pakSa hai / - isa pakSa meM, donoM hI 'vyApAra' dhAtu ke hI artha haiM isaliye, "kartur IpsitatamaM karma" isa lakSaNa kI vyAkhyAnabhUta paribhASA - 'prakRta dhAtvartha pradhAnIbhUta-vyApAra-prayojyaprakRta dhAtvarthaphalAzrayatvena uddezyatvaM karmatvam' -- ke anusAra prakRta- 'duha 'dhAtu ke donoM 'vyApAroM' se utpAdya 'vibhAga' rUpa phala ke donoM prAzrayoM - 'gau' tathA 'payas' - kI 'karma' saMjJA prApta ho jAyagI / ataH pANini kA " prakathitaM ca " sUtra isa pakSa meM anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai / eka vyApAra ""bAdhanArtham - parantu ina dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM eka mata yaha bhI hai ki inase kevala eka hI pramukha 'vyApAra' kI pratIti hotI hai / jaise- 'gAM dogdhi payaH' prayoga meM 'duha' dhAtu kevala 'gopa' ke hI vyApAra ko kaha rahA hai jisakA utpAdya 'phala' hai dUdha meM hone vAlA 'vibhAga' / isa pakSa meM 'gopa' ke vyApAra se utpAdya 'vibhAga' rUpa phala ke Azraya dUdha kI to karma saMjJA ho jaaygii| para, 'gau' meM hone vAlA 'vyApAra' dhAtu dvArA nahIM kahA jA rahA hai isaliye, usa 'vyApAra' se utpAdya vibhAga' - rUpa 'phala' ke Azraya 'gau' kI 'karma' saMjJA nahIM ho sakegI / isa sthiti meM yadi 'gau' ko 'apAdAna' yadi 'kArakoM' ke dvArA kaha diyA jAya taba to ThIka hai / para yadi vaktA kI icchA 'gau' ko usa rUpa meM kahane kI nahIM hai apitu 'karma' kAraka ke rUpa meM hI prastuta karane kI abhilASA hai taba, " prakathitaM ca " sUtra ke abhAva meM, 'karma' saMjJA kI prApti na ho kara "SaSThI zeSe" se SaSThI vibhakti kI prApti hogI / ataH isa avAMchita SaSThI vibhakti kI prApti ko rokane ke liye "akathitaM ca " sUtra Avazyaka hai / tatpakSe karmatvasiddhiH -- yaha " akathitaM ca" sUtra 'karma' saMjJA kA tIsarA lakSaNa hai / Upara pahale ke do sUtroM ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gyaa| yahAM isa tIsare lakSaNa ke ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue nAgeza bhaTTa ne yaha kahA hai ki 'kathita' kAraka vaha hai jise 'apAdAna' Adi anya kArakoM dvArA vaktA kI kahane kI icchA na ho tathA jo pramukha 'karma' kAraka se sambaddha ho / jaise yahAM dUdha pramukha 'karma' saMjJaka zabda hai / usameM sambaddha kAraka 'gau' ko, jaba 'apAdAna' Adi granya kArakoM ke rUpa meM na kaha kara, vaktA 'karma' kAraka ke rUpa meM hI kahanA cAhatA hai, usa sthiti meM 'gau' 'kathita' kAraka hogI / 'apAdAna' prAdi granya 'kArakoM dvArA kathita na hone se hI 'zeSa' hone ke kAraNa 'gau' zabda "SaSThI zeSe" sUtra kA viSaya bana jAtA hai / parantu "akathitaM ca" isa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa sUtra ke vizeSa vihita (apavAda) hone ke kAraNa isake dvArA "SaSThI zeSe' kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| ['karma' kAraka kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta pakSa ko prastuta karane ke pahale, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, kinhIM anya naiyAyika vidvAnoM ke hI tIna pakSoM kA pradarzana] yatta tAkikA:-karmatvaM tuna 'karaNa-vyApAra vttvm'| taddhi karaNa-janya-vyApAravattvam / 'dAtreNa dhAnyaM lunAti' ityAdau hastAdi-karaNa-janya-vyApAravati dAvAdAva ativyaapteH| nApi 'kriyA-janya-phala-zAlitvam' tat / 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' ityApatteH / saMyogarUpaphalasya ubhayakarma-kartR-niSThatvAt / nApi 'para-samavetakriyA-janya-phalazAlitvam' tat / gamipatyoH pUrvasmin deze tyajezca uttarasmin deze karmatva-prasaGgAt / 'nadI vardhate' ityAdau avayavopacayarUpa-vRddhi-kriyAyAH tIra-prAptirUpa-phalAzraye tIre karmatvApattezca / naiyAyika jo (yaha) kahate hai ki-'karaNa' ke 'vyApAra se yukta honA' 'karmatA" ('karma' saMjJA ko paribhASA) nahIM hai kyoMki vaha ('karaNa-vyApAravattA' kA abhiprAya) hai 'karaNa' (kAraka) se utpAdya 'vyApAra' se yukta honA / (ataH) 'dAtreNa dhAnyaM lUnAti' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM hAtha Adi 'karaNa' se utpAdya 'vyApAra' se yukta hone vAle dAtra (haMsiyA) Adi meM (lakSaNa kI) ativyApti hogii| na hI vaha ('karma' kAraka kA lakSaNa) "kriyA se utpanna 'phala' se yukta honA" hai kyoMki ('gam' dhAtu ke artha) 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' ke 'karma' tathA 'kartA' dono meM hI rahane ke kAraNa ('kartA' caitraM bhI 'saMyoga se yukta hai ataH usakI bhI 'karma' saMjJA hone ke kAraNa) 'caitraH cetraM gacchati' yaha prayoga bhI hone lgegaa| ___ "(karma' se) anya meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI kriyA se utpanna hone vAle 'phala' se yukta honA" bhI vaha ('karma' kA lakSaNa) nahIM hai kyoMki 'gam' tathA 'pat' dhAtu ke prayoga meM pUrva deza (jahA~ se 'vibhAga' hotA hai) meM tathA 'tyaj' dhAtu ke prayoga meM uttara deza ('vibhAga' ke bAda jisa sthAna se kartA kA sambandha hotA hai) meM 'karmatva' kI prApti hogii| tathA 'nadI vardhate' (nadI bar3hatI hai) 1. hadeg meM 'tu' anupalabdha / 2. ha0-vyApAryatvam / 3. ha.-phalasyAzraye / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (nadI ke) avayavoM kA upacaya honA rUpa 'vRddhi kriyA' se utpanna hone vAle, tIra-prApti rUpa, 'phala' ke Azraya 'tIra' meM 'karma' saMjJA kI prApti hogii| karmatvaM dAvAdAva ativyApte:-yahAM naiyAyikoM ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM 'karma' kAraka kI tIna paribhASAyeM prastuta kI haiN| pahalI hai --- "karaNa-vyApAravattvaM karmatvam" arthAt 'karaNa' kAraka ke vyApAra se yukta hone vAlA kAraka 'karma' kAraka hai| 'karaNa-vyApAra' kA artha hai--- 'karaNa se utpanna hone vAlA vyaapaar'| isa paribhASA ko nyAya-siddhAnta-dIpikA meM "karaNa-vyApAra-viSaya-kAraNatvaM karmatvam" (nyAyakoza meM uddhRta) ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| parantu isa paribhASA ko mAnane se 'dAtreNa dhAnyaM lanAti' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'dAtra' kI bhI 'karma saMjJA mAnanI hogI kyoMki dhAna ko kATane meM hAtha 'karaNa' hai tathA usa 'karaNa' arthAt hAtha ke vyApAra se dAtra yukta hai| isa rUpa meM isa paribhASA ko mAnane meM ativyApti doSa AtA hai jisake nivAraNArtha dUsarI paribhASA prastuta kI gyii| nApi kriyAjanya 'kartR niSThatvAt-dUsarI paribhASA hai - "kriyA-janya-phalazAlitvaM karmatvam", arthAt -- kriyA se utpanna phala se yukta hone vAlA kAraka 'karma' hai| parantu isa paribhASA meM bhI ativyApti doSa hai / 'caitraH grAmaM gacchati' jaise prayogoM meM 'gamana' kriyA se utpanna hone vAle phala ('saMyoga') se jisa prakAra grAma yukta hotA hai usI prakAra gA~va ko jAne vAlA caitra bhI 'saMyoga' rUpa phala se yukta hotA hI hai kyoMki 'saMyoga' akele gaoNva kA to ho nahIM sakatA, kisI dUsarI vastu yA vyakti ke sAtha hI gA~va kA saMyoga' saMbhava hai| isalie paribhASA ke anusAra caitra kI bhI 'karma' saMjJA prApta hogI aura taba 'caitraH grAmaM gacchati' ke samAna 'caitraH caitraM gacchati' jaise prayoga bhI hone lgeNge| nApi parasamaveta - karmatvApattazca-tIsarI paribhASA hai-"parasamaveta-kiyAjanya-phala-zAlitvaM karmatvam' arthAt 'karma' se anya kAraka meM 'samavAya'-sambandha se rahane vAlI kriyA se utpanna 'phala' se yukta hone vAlA kAraka 'karma' hai| isa paribhASA se pUrvokta 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' jaise prayogoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jaaegaa| parantu isa paribhASA meM bhI eka anya ativyApti doSa hai| 'prayAgAt caitraH gacchati' (prayAga se caitra jAtA hai) tathA 'vRkSAt patraM patati' (per3a se pattA giratA hai) jaise 'gam' tathA 'pat' dhAtu ke prayogoM meM, jisa pUrva sthAna se kartA pRthak hotA hai una, 'prayAga' tathA 'vRkSa' jaise zabdoM meM bhI 'karma' sajJA kI prApti hogI, kyoMki 'gamana' kriyA yA 'patana' kriyA 'kama' se bhinna 'kAraka' meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai tathA unase utpanna 'phala' ('vibhAga') se prayAga tathA vRkSa yukta rahate hI haiM / isI prakAra 'vRkSaM tyajati vAyasaH' jaise 'tyaj' dhAtu ke prayogoM meM uttaradeza, arthAt vRkSa ko tyAgakara kauA jahAM jAtA hai una, AkAza Adi kI 'karma' saMjJA prApta hogI, kyoMki 'parasamaveta' arthAt kaue Adi 'karma' kAraka se bhinna kAraka meM samavAya sambandha se rahane vAlI, 'tyajana' kriyA se utpanna 'saMyoga' rUpa phala kA prAzraya AkAza aAdi hote hI haiN| 'nadI vardhate' jaise prayogoM meM bhI, jinameM avayava arthAt lahara Adi, kA bar3hanArUpa kriyA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 'parasamaveta' hai, arthAt 'nadI' jA 'karma' kAraka nahIM hai, usameM 'samavAya' sambandha se vidyamAna hai / usa kriyA se utpanna tIra-prApti rUpa 'phala' kA prAzraya tIra hai| isalie tIra kI 'karma' saMjJA prApta hogii| ataH yaha tIsarI paribhASA bhI mAnya nahIM hai| [isa prasaMga meM naiyAyikoM ko siddhAntabhUta paribhASA] atra brUma:--'dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka-phala-zAlitvaM karmatvam' / tAdRzaphalaM ca 'gameH' saMyogaH, 'tyajeH' vibhAgaH, 'pateH' adhodesh-sNyogH| adhodezarUpa-karmaNo dhAtvarthaniviSTatvAd akarmakatvena' 'parNa vRkSAd bhUmau patati' iti / saMyogamAtra-phala-pakSe 'vRkSAd bhUmau patati' iti / nanu caturtha 'lakSaNepi 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' ityApattiH / tatra hi dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka-phalaM saMyoga iti cet na / lakSaNe vyApArAnadhikaraNatve sati' iti vizeSaNa donAd-ityAhuH / isa prasaMga meM (hama naiyAyika) kahate haiM ki "dhAtvarthatA ke Azraya (arthAt dhAtu ke artha)-'phala'-se yukta honA' 'karmatva' hai| aura usa prakAra kA (dhAtvartha rUpa) 'phala' 'gam' (dhAtu) kA 'saMyoga,' 'tyaj' (dhAtu) kA 'vibhAga', tathA 'pat' (dhAtu) kA nimna sthAna se 'saMyoga' hai| (isa) 'nimna sthAna' rUpa 'kama' ke 'pat' dhAtu ke artha meM antarbhUta hone ke kAraNa, (dhAtu ke) 'akarmaka' hone se, 'parNa' vRkSAd bhUmau patati' yaha prayoga hotA hai / '(pat' dhAtu kA) 'saMyoga' mAtra 'phala' hai' isa pakSa meM (parNa) vRkSAd bhUmiM patati' yaha prayoga hogaa| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki isa caturtha lakSaNa meM bhI 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' yaha (aniSTa) prayoga hone lagegA kyoMki vahAM (caitra meM) dhAtvarthatA kA prAzrayarUpa 'phala' 'saMyoga' hai to, (uparyukta lakSaNa meM) 'vyApArAnadhikaraNatve sati' ('vyApAra' kA adhikaraNa na hone para) isa vizeSaNa ko jor3a dene se, vaha (doSa) nahIM hai| uparyukta tInoM paribhASAoM meM doSa pAne ke kAraNa, naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi se hI, yahA~ cauthI evaM siddhAntabhUta paribhASA prastuta kI gayI- "dhAtvarthatAvacchedakaphala-zAlitvaM krmtvm'| 'dhAtu' ke artha meM rahane vAlI 'jAti' hai (dhAtvarthatA') usakA avacchedaka 1. 2. 3. ha.-akarmakatve'pi / vami0-akarmakatve tu / ha. meM 'iti' anupalabdha / h.-tRtiiy| For Private and Personal Use Only

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340 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA (Azraya ) hai dhAtvartha rUpa vyakti / ataH 'dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka' kA abhiprAya hai ' dhAtvartha' / isaliye isa paribhASA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dhAtvartharUpa jo 'phala' usakA zrAzrayabhUta jo 'kAraka' vaha 'karma' hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tAdRzaphalaM 'saMyogaH - Upara tIsarI paribhASA meM jo 'ativyApti' doSa dikhAye gaye haiM ve isa cauthI paribhASA meM nahIM upasthita hote, kyoMki 'prayAgAt caitraH gacchati' tathA 'vRkSAt patraM patati' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'prayAga' tathA 'vRkSa' prAdi pUrva sthAna eka aise, 'vibhAga 'rUpa, 'phala' ke zrAzraya haiM jo 'gam' tathA 'pat' dhAtuoM kA artha nahIM hai / 'vRkSaM tyajati vAyasaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM jisa 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala' kA prAzraya uttara sthAna AkAza Adi haiM vaha 'saMyoga' tyaj' dhAtu kA artha nahIM hai / isIliye isa paribhASA ko spaSTa karate hue dhAtvartharUpa 'phala' kA nirdeza kiyA gyaa| vaha dhAtvartharUpa 'phala' hai ' gam' dhAtu kA 'saMyoga', 'tyaj' dhAtu kA 'vibhAga' tathA 'pat' dhAtu kA nimna sthAna se 'saMyoga' / ina 'phaloM' kI dRSTi se Upara ke 'ativyApti' doSa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / zradhodeza " patati iti : - - yahAM yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'pat' dhAtu ke prayoga meM 'dhAtvartha', arthAt 'saMyoga' rUpa 'phala', kA zrAzraya hone ke kAraNa nimna deza arthAt 'bhUmi' Adi kI 'karma' saMjJA honI cAhiye / tathA 'parNa vRkSAd bhUmau patati' isa prayoga ke sthAna para ' para vRkSAd bhUmi patati' yaha prayoga honA caahiye| isakA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA ki 'pat' dhAtu kA 'dhAtvartha' arthAt 'phala', kevala 'saMyoga' na hokara, nimnadeza se 'saMyoga' hai / isaliye, 'karma' dhAtvartha meM hI sanniviSTa hai / isa prakAra, dhAtvartha meM hI sanniviSTa hone ke kAraNa, pat' dhAtu ko yahAM 'akarmaka' mAnanA hogA / dhAtvartha meM hI 'karma' ke antarbhUta hone para dhAtu ko 'akarmaka' mAnane kI vyavasthA nimna kArikA meM milatI hai| dhAtor arthAntare vRtta er dhAtvarthenopasaGgrahAt / prasiddha er pravivakSAtaH karmaNosamikA kriyA // ( vApa0 3.7.88 ) isa kArikA kA 'dhAtvarthenopasaGgrahAt' aMza prastuta prasaGga kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva kA hai / bhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI isa vyavasthA kA saGketa nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai---" abhihitaM karma antarbhUtaM dhAtvarthaH sampannaH / na cedAnIm anyat karma asti yena sakarmakaH syAt " ( mahA0 3.1.8 ) For Private and Personal Use Only 'saMyoga' mAtra - phalapakSe 'vRkSAd bhUmi patati' iti : - parantu eka dUsarA pakSa aisA bhI hai jisa meM 'pat' dhAtu ko 'akarmaka' na mAnakara 'sakarmaka' mAnA jAtA hai| isa pakSa meM pat' kA dhAtvartha rUpa 'phala' nimna deza se 'saMyoga' na hokara kevala 'saMyoga' hai / sambhavataH isI pakSa ko mAnate hue sUtrakAra pANini ne "dvitIyAzritAtItapatita ApannaiH " ( pA0 2.1.24 ) sUtra kI racanA karake, dvitIyA vibhaktyanta 'bhUmi' ityAdi zabdoM ke sAtha, 'pat' dhAtu se niSpanna 'patita' zabda ke samAsa kA vidhAna kiyaa| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pANini yaha mAnate haiM 'bhUmi patitaH' ityAdi prayoga sAdhu haiM / isa pakSa kI dRSTi se 'pat' dhAtu

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 341 ko 'karmaka' mAnane para 'parNa vRkSAd bhUmi patati' prayoga hI sAdhu hogA na ki 'pa vRkSAd bhUmau patati' | Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nanu " ityAhu: - isa caturtha paribhASA meM "vyApArAnadhikaraNatve sati" itanA vizeSaraNa aura jor3A jAtA hai / ataH isa paribhASA kA svarUpa hai " vyApAra' kA adhikaraNa na hote hue jo dhAtvartha - ( 'phala' ) se yukta ho vaha 'karma kAraka' isa vizeSaraNa ke jor3a dene ke kAraNa 'caitrazcetraM gacchati' jaise aniSTa prayogoM kA nivAraNa ho jAyagA, kyoMki vahA~ svayaM caitra hI gamana 'vyApAra' kA adhikaraNa hai / isa prasaGga laghumaMjUSA meM 'para- samaveta kriyA- janya dhAtvartha-phalAzrayatvaM karmatvam / 'parasamaveta' iti vizeSaNAt 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' iti na prayoga : " ( pR 1322) ye vAkya milate haiM / 'parasamaveta ' isa vizeSaNa ke dvArA bhI usI prayojana kI siddhi hotI hai jisakI siddhi 'vyApArAnadhikaraNAtva' vizeSaNa dvArA yahAM kI gayI kyoMki 'parasamaveta' kA abhiprAya hai 'karma' se bhinna 'kAraka' meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI (kriyaa)| kriyA 'caitra' rUpa 'karma' meM hI 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai isaliye 'parasamaveta' vizeSaraNa se bhI 'caitrazcetraM gacchati' prayoga kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai / [ naiyAyikoM dvArA 'karma kAraka kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM svIkRta siddhAntabhUta uparyukta caturtha mata kA khaNDana ] -- tanna / 'kAzIM gacchan pathi mRta:' ityAdau kAzyAH, ' 'kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam' ityAdau prayAgasya, 'grAmaM na gacchati' ityAdau grAmasya ca tAdRza-phala-zAlitvAbhAvAd etasya lakSaNasya gratra sarvatra prativyApteH / vaha ( naiyAyikoM kA kathana ) ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'kAzIM gacchan pathimRtaH' (kAzI jAte hue rAste meM mara gayA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'kAzI' meM, 'kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam ' ( kAzI ko jAtA hai prayAga ko nahIM ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'prayAga' meM tathA 'grAmaM na gacchati' (gAMva ko nahIM jAtA ) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'grAma' meM, usa prakAra ke ( dhAtvartharUpa ) 'phala' kI zrAzrayatA ke na hone ke kAraNa isa lakSaraNa kI yahA~ sarvatra ( uparyukta prayogoM tathA tatsadRza prayogoM meM) 'vyApti' hai / 1. ha0 tathA vaMmi0 meM anupalabdha / 2. 60 meM anupalabdha | vyAkhyA : - nayAyikoM kI isa caturtha paribhASA ko bhI doSarahita isaliye nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki 'kAzI' gacchan pathi mRtaH', 'kAzIM gacchati na prayAgam ' tathA 'grAmaM na gacchati' ina prayogoM meM kramaza: 'kAzI', 'prayAga' tathA 'grAma' kI 'karma' saMjJA, isa lakSaNa ke dvArA, nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki ye sabhI dhAtvarthabhUta 'phala' arthAt 'saMyoga' ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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342 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAMta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA Azraya nahIM haiM / isa 'avyApti' doSa ke kAraNa isa lakSaNa kA bhI khaNDana kara diyA gayA / vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta- laghu-maMjUSA meM "nayA rItyA vyApAra-vyadhikaraNa dhAtvartha-phalAzrayatvaM karmatvam' ( pR0 1325) ina zabdoM ke dvArA jisa bAta kA saGaketa diyA gayA thA use yahA~ suspaSTa kara diyA gayA hai / [' vRkSaM tyajati khagaH ' prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nanu 'vRkSaM tyajati kharga:' ityatra 'vRkSasya', vibhAgarUpaphalAzrayatvena, grapAdAnatvam grastu iti cet ? na / atra hi 'vibhAga : ' prakRta dhAtvarthaH / yatra ca 'vibhAgaH ' na prakRtadhAtvarthas tadvibhAgAzrayasyaiva apAdAnatvam / yathA 'vRkSAt patati' ityAdau / yatra ca prakRta dhAtvartha: 'vibhAgaH ' tatra ubhayaprAptau " grapAdAnam uttarANi kArakANi' bAdhante " iti bhASya' - yuktaH karmatvam / granuktaM karmaNi paSThadvitIye - 'bhAratasya zravaNam' 'bhArataM zrRNoti' iti yathA / 'vRkSaM tyajati khaga : ' ( pakSI vRkSa ko chor3atA hai) isa (prayoga) meM 'vRkSa' ke 'vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa, 'apAdAna' saMjJA ho yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki yahAM 'vibhAga' uccarita dhAtu kA artha hai / jo 'vibhAga' uccarita dhAtu kA artha na ho usa 'vibhAga' (rUpa 'phala' ) ke Azraya kI hI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hotI hai / jaise - 'vRkSAt patati' (per3a se giratA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meN| jahAM 'vibhAga' uccarita dhAtu kA artha hai vahA~ donoM ('karma' tathA 'apAdAna' kArakoM) kI prApti hone para "apAdAna' kAraka ko bAda meM vihita kAraka bA~dha lete haiM" isa bhASya kI yukti se 'karma' saMjJA hotI hai| 'karma' ke 'anabhihita' rahane para paSThI tathA dvitIyA' (donoM vibhaktiyAM prayukta) hotI haiM / jaise- 'bhAratasya zravaNam' ( mahAbhArata kA sunanA ) tathA 'bhArataM zrRNoti' ( mahAbhArata ko sunatA hai) / 'vibhAga kA Azraya apAdAna kAraka hotA hai kevala itanA hI 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA mAna kara yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH ' isa prayoga meM vRkSa kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA honI cAhiye / prazna ke uttara 1. ha0 tathA va'mi0 meM 'kArakANi' anupalabdha | 2. mahA0 1.4.1 tulanA karo - 'apAdAnasaMjJAm uttarANi kArakANi bAdhante / 3. ha0 maiM 'bhArataM zRNoti' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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343 kAraka - nirUpaNa 1 meM yaha kahA gayA ki 'pAdAna' saMjJA kI paribhASA kevala utanI hI nahIM hai jitanA pUrvapakSI samajha rahA hai / 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI siddhAntabhUta paribhASA hai - "prastuta yA uccarita dhAtu kA jo vAcya na ho aise 'vibhAga' kA grAzraya 'apAdAna' - saMjJaka hotA hai"| isa paribhASA ko mAnane para 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH ' isa prayoga meM, 'vibhAga' 'tyaj' dhAtu kA hI vAcya artha hai isaliye, 'vibhAga' ke zrAzraya 'vRkSa' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA nahIM prApta hotI / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'vRkSAt patati' ityAdi 'apAdAna' kAraka ke udAharaNoM 'vibhAga' 'pat' dhAtu kA vAcyArtha nahIM hai isaliye vahA~ 'vibhAga' rUpa 'phala' ke prAzrayabhUta vRkSa prAdi kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA ho jAtI hai / jahA~ 'vibhAga' uccarita dhAtu kA vAcyArtha hai vahA~ 'vRkSa tyajati' jaise prayogoM meM, 'apAdAna' saMjJA tathA 'karma' saMjJA donoM kI prApti hotI hai / parantu, 'karma' saMjJA kA vidhAna aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtra krama meM, 'apAdAna' saMjJA ke vidhAyaka sUtroM ke pazcAt kiyA gayA hai isaliye, bAda meM vihita hone tathA isa rUpa meM 'apAdAna' kA 'apavAda' hone ke kAraNa 'karma' sajJA ke dvArA 'apAdAna' saMjJA kA bAdhana ho jAtA hai / bhASyakAra pataMjali ne isa prasaGga meM eka vizeSa nyAya kA ullekha kiyA hai - " apAdAnam uttarANi kArakAriNa bAdhante " arthAt 'apAdAna' kAraka ke bAda meM vihita kAraka 'apAdAna' ke apavAda hote haiM, ve apAdAna kA bAdha kara dete haiM / mukta karmaNi yathA :- una prayogoM meM jahA~ 'karma' kathita nahIM hotA vahA~ "kartRkarmaNoH kRti:" ( pA0 2.3.65 ) sUtra ke anusAra SaSThI vibhakti tathA "karmaNi dvitIyA" ( pA0 2.3.2 ) sUtra ke anusAra dvitIyA donoM vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai / pahalA sUtra 'kRt' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke dvArA 'karma' kA kathana na hone para 'karma' ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti ke prayoga kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise- 'bhAratasya zravaNam' / yahA~ 'lyuT ' pratyayAnta 'zravaNam' zabda ke dvArA 'karma' (bhArata) 'prakathita' hai / dUsarA sUtra sAmAnyatayA 'tiG' pratyayoM ke dvArA 'karma' ke kathita na hone para 'karma' meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise- 'bhArataM zRNoti' / ye donoM hI sUtra 'anabhihite ' ( pA0 2.3.1 ) sUtra ke adhikAra meM haiM / [' sakarmaka' tathA 'karmaka' dhAtuoMoM kI paribhASAoM para eka dRSTi ] ' sakarmakatvaM' ca 'phala- vyadhikaraNa - vyApAra-vAcakatvam' / 'phala-samAnAdhikaraNa - vyApAra - vAcakatvam' 'karmakatvam' / 'pradya devadatto bhavati' utpadyate ityarthaH / atra 'utpatti'rUpaM 'phalaM' bahinissaraNaM ca 'vyApAraH' devadattaniSTha' eva / 'vyApAramAtra vAcakatvam' vA 'akarmakatvam' / 'grasti', 'bhavati', 'vidyate', 'vartate' ityAdi dhAtuSu For Private and Personal Use Only -

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-majUSA 'phalasya" sarvairdujJeyatvAt / 'sattA' hi sthitirUpaH 'vyApAra'-vizeSaH / 'devadatto'sti' ityAdau 'devadattakatRkA sattA' ityeva bodhAcca / 'phala-vyApArayor dhAtur vAcakaH' iti tu bAhulyAbhiprAyeNa iti dik / 'sakarmakatA' (kI paribhASA) hai "phala' ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle 'vyApAra' kA vAcaka honaa"| tathA "phala ke adhikaraNa se abhinna adhikaraNa vAle vyApAra kA vAcaka honA akarmakatA (kI paribhASA) hai"| 'adya devadatto bhavati' (aAja devadatta utpanna hotA hai) isa (prayoga) meM ('bhavati' kA) 'utpanna hotA hai' yaha artha hai| yahA~ 'utpatti' rUpa 'phala' tathA (mAtA ke) garbha se bAhara nikalanA rUpa 'vyApAra' (donoM hI) devadatta meM hI haiN| 'athavA 'vyApAra'-mAtra kA vAcaka honA hI 'akarmakatA' (kI paribhASA) hai| 'asti', 'bhavati', 'vidyate', 'vartate' ityAdi dhAtuoM meM 'phala' kA jJAna sabake liye durvijJeya hotA hai kyoMki sattA to sthitirUpa 'vyApAra'-vizeSa hai ('phala' nhiiN)| tathA 'devadatto'sti' (devadatta hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM "devadatta hai kartA jisameM aisI sattA" itanA hI bodha hotA hai| "dhAtu 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM kA vAcaka hotA hai" yaha (bAta) dhAtuoM kI prAyika sthiti kI dRSTi se kahI gayI hai| yahA~ 'akarmakatA' kI do paribhASAe~ dI gayI haiN| eka hai-"phala-samAnAdhikaraNa-vAcakatvam akarmakatvam" arthAt 'phala' ke sAtha eka hI 'adhikaraNa' meM rahane vAle vyApAra kA vAcaka dhAtu 'akarmaka' hai| isa dRSTi se 'devadatto bhavati' udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| yahA~ 'bhU' dhAtu kA artha hai 'utpanna honaa'| yahA~ 'utpatti' rUpa 'phala' tathA mAtA ke peTa se bAhara nikalanA rUpa 'vyApAra' donoM eka abhinna devadattarUpa adhikaraNa meM haiM / parantu kucha aisI bhI dhAtue~ haiM jinameM bahuta sUkSma vicAra karane para bhI 'phala' kI pratIti nahIM hotii| ina dhAtuoM kI dRSTi se 'akarmakatA' kI dUsarI paribhASA dI gayI-"vyApAra-mAtra-vAcakatvam akarmakatvam' arthAt vaha dhAtu 'akarmaka' hotI hai jo kevala 'vyApAra' ko hI kahatI hai, 'phala' ko nahIM khtii'| isa paribhASA meM ve sabhI dhAtue~ A jAtI haiM jinakA artha 'sattA' hai| 'sattA' kA abhiprAya hai honArUpa 'vyaapaar'| ina dhAtuoM meM phala kI pratIti kisI ko bhI kisI rUpa meM nahIM hotI, kevala 'sattA' kA hI jJAna hotA hai| 'sattA' ko kisa prakAra 'vyApAra' mAnA jAtA hai isakA pratipAdana Upara 'dhAtvartha-nirUpaNa' meM ho cakA hai| eka prazna yaha hai ki jaba 'as' prAdi kucha dhAtuoM kA artha kevala 'vyapAra' hI hai taba vaiyAkaraNoM ne "phala-vyApArayor dhAtuH" arthAt dhAtu 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM kA vAcaka hai-isa prakAra kI bAta kyoM kahI? 1. ha0-phalasyaiva For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 345 isa kA uttara yaha hai ki adhikAMza dhAtue~ aisI haiM jo 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM ko hI kahatI haiN| isa prAyikatA yA bahulatA ke kAraNa hI dhAtu ko 'phala' tathA 'vyApAra' donoM kA vAcaka kahA gayA hai| usa kathana kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki sabhI dhAtue~ 'vyApAra' ke sAtha sAtha 'phala' ko bhI kahatI haiN| ['karaNa' kAraka kA lakSaNa evaM usakI vivecanA] 'svaniSTha-vyApArAvya vadhAnena phala-niSpAdakatvaM' 'karaNatvam / idam eva sAdhakatamatvam / kriyAyAH pariniSpattir yad vyApArAd anantaram / vivakSyate yadA yatra karaNaM tat tadA smRtam / / (vApa0 3.7.60) iti haryukta : / 'kriyAyAH' ityasya phalAtmikAyA ityarthaH / 'rAmeNa bANena hato vAlI' ityAdau dhanurAkarSaNAder vyApArasya bAraNa-vyApArAt pUrvam api karttari sattvAt / "rAmAbhinna-kartR-niSTha-vyApAra-prayojyo yo'bANa-niSTho vyApAras tajjanyaM yat prANa-viyogarUpaM phalaM tadAzrayo vAlI" iti bodhAcca / 'rAmo bAraNena vAlinaM hanti' ityAdau kartRpratyaye "bAraNa-vyApAra-janyo yo vAliniSTha: prAga-viyogas tadanukUlo rAma-kartR ko vyApAraH" iti bodhaH, arthAd 'rAma-vyApAra-prayojyo bANa-vyApAraH' iti pArNiko bodhH| karmAdi-paJca-kArakAraNAM karaNatvavAraNAya vyApArAvyavadhAnena' iti dik| "apane meM sthita 'vyApAra' kA, vyavadhAna-rahita rUpa se, 'phala' kA utpAdaka honA" 'karaNatA' hai| yahI (pANini ke "sAdhakatamaM karaNam" pA0 1.4.42 sUtra meM) 'sAdhakatamatA' hai| kyoMki bhartRhari ne kahA hai : 1. ha0 tathA vaMmi meM 'yo' anupalabdha / 2. vaMmi0 meM anupalabdha / 3. ha0-- ityAdau c| 4. ha0 meM anupalabdha / 5. ni0 tathA kAprazu0--prANi / For Private and Personal Use Only

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346 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAMta-parama- laghu-majUSA "jaba jahA~ jisa ( 'kAraka') ke 'vyApAra' ke granantara ( turanta pazcAt ) kriyA ( 'phala' rUpa kriyA) kA paripUrNa honA (vaktA dvArA ) vivakSita hotA hai taba ( vahA~ usako 'karaNa' (kAraka) kahA gayA hai" / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( yahA~ kArikA meM ) ' kriyAyA:' isa (pada) kA abhiprAya hai 'phala' rUpa kriyA kyoMki 'rAmeNa bANena hato vAlI' (ra ( rAma ke dvArA, bAraNa se vAlI mArA gayA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM dhanuSa kA khIMcanA prAdi 'vyApAra', vAraNa ke (zIghra gati tathA hanana Adi) 'vyApAra' se pahale bhI, 'karttA' rAma meM rahatA hai| tathA (isa vAkya se) "rAma se prabhinna 'kartA' meM rahane vAle 'vyApAra' se utpAdya, jo Aarti meM rahane vAlA, 'vyApAra' usase utpanna jo prAraNa-viyoga rUpa 'phala' usakA Azraya bAlI isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai / 'rAmo bANena vAlinaM hanti' ityAdi kartRvAcya meM "bAga ke 'vyApAra' se utpAdya jo vAlI meM rahane vAlA prAraNa-viyoga usake anukUla rAma rUpa 'karttA' IT vyApAra " aisA jJAna hotA hai, arthAt - 'rAma ke 'vyApAra' se utpAdya jo bANa kA vyApAra" yaha jJAna bAda meM hotA hai / 'kartA' Adi pA~ca 'kArakoM' meM 'karaNatva' ke nivAraNArtha "vyApAra' kI, vyavadhAna-rahita rUpa se( phalotpAdakatA ) ", yaha (aMza paribhASA meM rakhA gayA ) hai / sva-niSTha vyApArA" sAdhakatamatvam :- yahA~ 'karaNa' kAraka kI paribhASA yaha dI gayI hai ki "jisa 'kAraka' kA 'vyApAra' tatkAla, binA vyavadhAna ke kriyA ke 'phala' ko utpanna kara de vaha 'karaNa' kAraka hai / " jaise 'daNDena ghaTam karoti' ( daNDa se ghar3A banAtA hai) isa prayoga meM daNDa 'karaNa' kAraka hai kyoMki daNDa meM hone vAle 'vyApAra' ke turanta pazcAt ghaTotpattirUpa 'phala' utpanna hotA hai / isa lakSaNa kA jo Azaya hai vahI pANini ke " sAdhakatamaM karaNam" sUtra meM, jisameM sUtrakAra ne 'karaNa' kAraka kI paribhASA dI hai, 'sAdhakatamam' pada kA bhI abhiprAya hai / 'sAdhakatamam' meM jo 'tamap' pratyaya hai usakA artha hai prakarSa / 'kAraka' kA, vyavadhAna rahita rUpa se, 'phala' ke utpAdaka 'vyApAra' se yukta honA hI usakA prakarSa hai / yaha prakarSatA yA sAdhakatamatA anya kArakoM kI apekSA hI draSTavya hai, kisI anya 'karaNa' kAraka kI apekSA nahIM / rAmo bANena iti pArSNiko bodhaH - nAgeza ne Upara bhartRhari kI jisa kArikA ko uddhRta kiyA hai usameM 'kriyA' pada se 'phala' artha abhipreta hai, 'vyApAra' yA 'kriyA' nahIM - isa bAta ko spaSTa karane ke liye nAgeza ne yahA~ 'rAmeNa bANena hato bAlI' yaha udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / isa udAharaNa meM 'kararaNa' jo bAraNa hai usake zIghra jAnA tathA bAlI ko mAranA Adi, 'vyApAra' ke rUpa kArya kI niSpatti hotI hai / 'kartA' jo rAma usakA, dhanuSa khIMcanA Adi, 'vyApAra' to usase pahale hI ho cukA hotA hai / isaliye yahA~ rAma ko 'karaNa' na mAna kara bANa ko 'karaNa' mAnA gayA kyoMki rAma ke 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' kI niSpatti ke pazcAt 'phala' arthAt bAli-badha For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 347 bIca meM bAga ke 'vyApAra' kA vyavadhAna hai| parantu bANa ke 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' kI niSpatti ke bIca koI kisI prakAra kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai| kRta vAcya ke 'rAmo bAraNena vAlinaM hanti' ityAdi prayogoM meM "bAraNa ke 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAlA jo, vAli ke prANoM kA viyogarUpa, 'phala' usake anukula rAma 'kartA' kA 'vyApAra" isa prakAra kA bodha hotA hai| yahA~ pahale- 'bANa kA 'vyApAra' prAraNa-viyoga rUpa 'phala' kA utpAdaka hai" yaha bodha hotA hai usake bAda ki "bANa kA 'vyApAra' 'kartA' rAma ke 'vyApAra se utpAdya hai" yaha bodha hotA hai| kama-vAcya ke 'rAmeNa bANena hato vAlI' prayoga meM bhI "bANaniSTha vyApAra se utpanna hone vAlA jo, prANa-viyoga rUpa, 'phala' usakA Azraya vAlI hai" yaha bodha pahale hotA hai tathA "bANa-niSTha' vyApAra' 'kartA' rAma ke 'vyApAra' se utpAdya hai" yaha bodha bAda meM hotA hai| bAda meM hone ke kAraNa hI isa anvaya athavA bodha ko 'pArNika' kahA jAtA hai (dra0 pUrva pRSTha 183) / ['sampradAna' kAraka kI paribhASA) 'kriyAmAtra-karma-sambandhAya kriyAyAma uddezyaM yat kAraka tattvaM sampradAnatvam' / yathA-- 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' ityAdau dAna-kriyA-karmIbhUta-go-sambandhAya brAhmaNo dAnakriyoddezyaH / go-brAhmaraNayoH svasvAbhibhAvaH sambandhaH / 'caitro maitrAya vArtAH' kathayati' ityatra maitravArtayora jJayajJAtabhAvaH sambandhazca / kriyAmAtra ke 'karma' ke sAtha sambandha karane ke liye kriyA meM jo uddezya (-bhUta) 'kAraka' usakA bhAva 'sampradAnatA' hai| jaise --- 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' (brAhmaNa ke liye gAya detA hai) ityAdi meM dAnarUpa kriyA ke 'karma' gau ke sAtha sambandha karane ke liye brAhmaNa dAna kriyA kA uddezya hai| gau tathA brAhmaNa meM 'sva-svAbhi-bhAva' sambandha hai / 'caitro maitrAya vArtAH kathayati' (caitra maitra ke liye bAteM kahatA hai) yahAM maitra (uddezya) tathA vArtA ('karma') meM 'jJeya-jJAta-bhAva' sambandha hai| 'sampradAna' kAraka kI isa paribhASA meM 'kriyAmAtra' pada kA abhiprAya hai sAmAnyatayA sabhI kriyaayeN| ata: jisa kisI bhI kriyA ke 'karma' ke sAtha sambandha karane ke liye jisa 'kAraka' ko kriyA ke uddezya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAyagA vaha 'sampradAna' kAraka hogaa| aisA kahanA isaliye prAvazyaka thA ki kucha prAcIna vyAkhyAkAra kevala dAna kriyA ke 'karma' ke sAtha sambandha karane ke liye dAna kriyA ke uddezya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye 'kAraka' ko 'sampradAna' kAraka mAnate the| isIliye yahA~ 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' 1. ha-vArtA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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348 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-majUSA isa udAharaNa ke sAtha eka dUsarA 'caitro maitrAya vArtAH kathayati' yaha udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA, jisameM 'dAna' kriyA na hokara 'kathana' kriyA hai| isake 'karma' vArtA ke sAtha sambandha karane ke liye 'kathana' kriyA uddezya ke rUpa meM maitra ko prastuta kiyA gyaa| [isa prasaMga meM vRttikAroM kA bhinna vicAra] yatta vattikArAH- "samyaka pradIyate yasmai tat sampradAnam' ityanvartha-saMjJeyam / tathA ca go-niSTha-sva-svatva-nivRttisamAnAdhikaraNa - para - svatvotpattyanukUla-vyApArarUpakriyoddezyasya brAhmaNAder eva sampradAnatvam / punara grahaNAya rajakasya vastradAne 'rajakasya vastraM dadAti' iti sambandhasAmAnye SaSThyeva"-ityAhuH / vRttikAra jo (yaha) kahate haiM ki-"jisa ke liye acchI taraha diyA jAya hai vaha 'sampradAna' hai, isa rUpa meM yaha 'sampradAna' anvartha saMjJA hai| isa taraha gAya meM rahane vAle apane adhikAra ke tyAga ke sAtha, samAna-adhikaraNa vAle, dUsare ke adhikAra kI utpatti ke anukUla 'vyApAra' rUpa (dAna) kriyA ke udezyabhUta brAhmaNa Adi kI hI 'sampradAna' saMjJA hai| (isIliye) punaH le lene ke liye dhobI ko vastra dete samaya 'rajakasya vastraM dadAti' yahA~ (rajaka: kI 'sampradAna' saMjJA na hone ke kAraNa usake sAtha) sambandha-sAmAnya meM SaSThI (vibhakti) huI 'sampradAnakAraka' kI paribhASA ke prasaMga meM yahA~ nAgeza ne kucha prAcIna vRttikAroM ke mata ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ina vRttiyoM meM Aja kevala kAzikA vatti hI upalabdha hai| kAzikAkAra ne "karmaNA yam abhipreti sa sampradAnam" (pA. 1.4.32) isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue kevala itanA hI kahA hai ki "anvartha-saMjJAvijJAnAta dadAti-karmaNA iti vijJAyate'', arthAt 'sampradAna' zabda ke anvarthasaMjJaka hone ke kAraNa, pANini ke uparyukta sUtra meM vidyamAna, 'karmaNA' pada kA abhiprAya hai kevala 'dA' dhAtu kA 'karma' aura vaha bhI aisI 'dA' dhAtu jisakA prayoga acchI taraha, phira kabhI na lene ke liye, yA Adara Adi ke sAtha dene ke artha meM kiyA jAya / kAzikA kI vyAkhyA (kAzikA-vivaraNapaJjikA athavA nyAsa), meM isa anvarthakatA ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA hai ki-"samyak prakarSeNa dIyate yasmai tat sampradAnam" arthAt 'sampradAna' zabda kA artha gayA hai jisake liye acchI taraha diyA jAtA hai / bhaTToji dIkSita ne bhI apanI siddhAntakaumudI meM uparyukta sUtra kA artha karate hue yahI kahA hai- "dAnasya karmaNA yam abhiprati sa sampradAnasaMjJaH syAt" / siddhAntakaumudI kI TIkA tattvabodhinI meM isa bAta ko aura spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'sampradAnam' yaha bahuta bar3I saMjJA kevala 1. ha.-sampradIyate / 2. tulanA karo-vaibhUsA0 pR0 206, vRttikArastu samyak pradIyate yasmai tat sampradAnam ityanvarthasaMjJayA sva-svatva-nivRttiparyantam artha varNayanto rajakasya vastram ityAhuH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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346 kAraka-nirUpaNa isaliye apanAyI gaI hai ki ise anvarthaka (arthAnusArI) batAyA jA sake / isaliye 'kartA' jisa kisI bhI kriyA ke 'karma' se kriyA kA sambandha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai una saba kI 'sampradAna' saMjJA nahIM hotii| isI kAraNa 'ajAM nayati grAmam' (bakarI ko gAMva le jAtA hai) yahAM 'grAma' kI athavA 'hastaM nidadhAti vRkSa' (per3a para hAtha rakhatA hai) isa prayoga meM 'vRkSa' kI sampradAna saMjJA nahIM hotii| vRttikAroM kI dRSTi se 'dAna' kA jo artha nAgeza ne kiyA hai vahI tattvabodhinIkAra ne bhI kiyA hai / dra0 --- "dAnaM ca apunargrahaNAya sva-svatva nivRttipUrvakaM parasvatvotpAdanam" / isIliye 'rajakasya vastraM dadAti' jaise prayogoM meM 'rajaka' kI 'sampradAna' saMjJA nahIM hotI kyoMki vahAM dhobI ko kapar3e isaliye diye jAte haiM ki vaha kapar3oM ko dhokara puna: lauTA de| ataH 'rajaka' kI 'samyakpradAnatA' nahIM hai| isa kAraNa 'dA' dhAtu kA yahAM, 'siMho mANavaka:' ke jaise prayogoM ke samAna 'dadAti iva dadAti' isa rUpa meM, gauNa prayoga huA hai| usakA artha hai kevala kucha samaya ke liye vastroM ko dhobI ko denA / dra0 - 'dadAtiprayogastUpamAnAt' (mahA0 kI uddyota TIkA 1.4.32) / parantu nAgeza kI dRSTi meM ina vidvAnoM kA, 'sampradAna' saMjJA kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM, uparyukta vicAra ucita nahIM hai / isa anaucitya ke hetu Age kI paMktiyoM meM diye jA rahe haiN| [vRtti kAroM ke mata kA anaucitya] tanna / "khaNDikopAdhyAyaH ziSyAya capeTAM dadAti" iti bhASyavirodhAt / "karmaNA yam abhipraiti0" (pA0 1.4.32) iti sUtra-vyAkhyAvasare bhASyaka tA anvartha-saMjJAyA asvIkArAcca / ataeva-"tad pAcakSvAsurendrAya sa ca yuktaM karotu yat" iti (durgA-) saptazatI-(5.126) zlokaH saGa gacchate / tasmAd 'rajakAya vastraM dadAti' ityAdi bhavatyeva / atra aAdhInIkaraNe arthe dadAtiH / 'capeTAM dadAti' ityatra nyasane arthe iti / vaha (vRttikAroM kA mata) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki (usa mata kA) 'khaNDikopAdhyAyaH ziSyAya capeTAM dadAti' (khaNDikopAdhyAya vidyArthI ko cA~Te mAratA hai) isa bhASya (ke prayoga) se virodha hai tathA "karmaNA yam abhipreti sa sampradAnam" isa sUtra ke vyAkhyAna ke samaya bhASyakAra ne ('sampradAna' ko) anvarthasaMjJaka nahIM mAnA hai / isaliye-- "tad AcakSvAsurendrAya sa ca yukta karotu yat" 1. tulanA karo--- mahA0 bhA0 1, pR0 178; khaNDikopAdhyAyas tasmai capeTAM dadAti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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350 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (yaha bAta asuroM ke rAjA se kaho tathA vaha jo ucita ho kare) yaha durgAsaptazatI kA, zloka susaGgata hotA hai| isaliye 'rajakAya vastraM dadAti' ityAdi (caturthI vibhakti vAle prayoga) hote hI haiM / yahA~ 'pAdhIna karane' artha meM 'dA' dhAtu (kA prayoga) hai| 'capeTAM dadAti' yahA~ ('dA' dhAtu kA prayoga) rakhane (lagAne yA jar3ane) artha meM hai| nAgeza ne vRttikAroM ke uparyukta mata kA khaNDana isa AdhAra para kiyA hai ki bhASyakAra pataMjali ke prayoga se isa mata kA spaSTata: virodha hai kyoMki "vRddhir prAdaica' (pA0 1.1.1) sUtra ke bhASya meM "kathaM punarjAyate bhedakA udAttAdaya iti ? evaM hi dRzyate loke ya udAtte kartavye anudAttaM karoti khaNDikopAdhyAyas tasmai capeTAM dadAti' ina vAkyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| yahAM 'khaNDikopAdhyAyastasmai capeTAM dadAti' yaha prayoga vRttikAroM ke mata ko mAnate hue kabhI bhI upapanna nahIM ho pAtA / yahAM 'dA' dhAtu kA, apane mukhya artha meM prayoga na hokara, thappar3a ke saMyogavizeSa ke anukUla 'vyApAra' artha meM huA hai / isaliye, kathamapi 'samyak pradAnatA' artha ke na hone ke kAraNa, yahAM vRttikAroM ke mata ke anusAra 'sampradAna' saMjJA nahIM honI cAhiye / parantu bhASyakAra ne yahA~ caturthI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA hai| anvarthasaMjJAyA asvIkArAcca-pataMjali ne 'khaNDikopAdhyAyas tasmai capeTAM dadAti' yaha prayoga to kiyA hI jisase spaSTa hai ki ve 'sampradAna' ko anvarthaka saMjJA nahIM mAnate, sAtha hI "karmaNA yam abhipraiti sampradAnam" (pA0 1.4.32) isa sUtra ke bhASya meM kahIM bhI pataMjali ne 'sampradAna' ko anvarthaka saMjJA nahIM maanaa| isake atirikta "kriyAgrahaNaM ca" ("karmaNA yam abhipreti0" isa sUtra meM 'karma' pada ke sAtha kiyA' pada kA bhI grahaNa karanA cAhiye, jisase 'zrAddhAya nigahate', 'patye zete' jaise prayoga bhI. jinameM dhAta ke 'akarmaka' hone ke kAraNa koI bhI 'karma' nahIM hai, siddha ho jAyeM) isa vArtika kA khaNDana karate hue pataMjali ne yaha kahA ki pANini ke upayukta sUtra meM vidyamAna 'karma' pada se hI kriyA artha bhI liyA jAnA cAhiye kyoMki kriyA bhI kRtrima karma hai / dra0-"kriyA'pi kRtrimaM karma" (mahA0 1.4.32) / bhASyakAra kA yaha kathana bhI spaSTa sUcita kara rahA hai ki kriyAmAtra ke 'karma' se sambandha sthApita karane ke liye usa kriyA kA uddezyabhUta jo 'kAraka' usakI 'sampradAna' saMjJA bhASyakAra ko abhISTa hai / sAtha hI ve sUtra ke 'karma' pada se 'kriyA' artha bhI lenA cAhate haiM jisase 'zrAddhAya nigahate' tathA 'patye zete' jaise sabhI prayoga, binA 'kriyA' pada kA pRthak grahaNa kiye hI, siddha ho jAe~ isaliye pataMjali ko pramANa mAnate hue 'sampradAna' saMjJA ko anvarthaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / isa kAraNa 'dA' dhAtu tathA anya dhAtuoM ke prayogoM meM, cAhe 'samyak pradAnatA' kA artha ho yA na ho, anya kriyA ke 'karma' se sambandha sthApita karane ke liye jo 'uddezya' huA karatA hai use 'sampradAna' kAraka mAnanA caahiye| 1. 'khaNDikopAdhyAyaH' zabda kA kucha vidvAn 'bAlakoM ke upAdhyAya' artha karate haiN| dUsare vidvAn 'kuddha upAdhyAya' ko tathA kucha anya vidvAn 'atharvaveda ke adhyApaka' ko khaNDikopAdhyAya batAte haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 351 ['sampradAna' kAraka meM hone vAlI caturthI vibhakti kA artha] sampradAnacaturthyartha uddezyaH / tathA ca 'brAhmaNoddezyaka gokarmakaM dAnam' itibodhaH / 'maitroddezyakaM vArtAkarmakaM kathanam' iti c| gampradAna-caturthyartha kA artha hai 'uddezya' / ataH ('brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' isa prayoga meM) "brAhmaNa hai uddezya jisameM tathA gau hai 'karma' jisameM aisA dAna" tathA ('caitro maitrAya vArtAH kathayati' isa prayoga meM) "maitra hai 'uddezya' jisameM tathA vArtA hai 'karma' jisameM aisA kathana" yaha bodha hotA hai| 'sampradAna' kAraka meM vihita caturthI kA artha hai 'uddezya' kyoMki "karmaNA yam abhipreti0" sUtra kA abhiprAya hai kisI bhI dhAtu se upasthApita 'vyApAra' se utpanna hone vAle 'phala' ke Azraya ke rUpa meM, yA 'karma' se sambandha jor3ane ke liye, 'kartA' jisakI icchA karatA hai, uddezya' banAtA hai, usa 'uddezyabhUta 'kAraka' kI 'sampradAna' saMjJA hotI hai aura isa 'sampradAna' saMjJaka kAraka meM "sampradAne caturthI" (pA. 2.3.13) sUtra caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna karatA hai| isaliye 'sampradAna' kAraka' meM hone vAlI caturthI vibhakti kA artha 'uddezya' hI ho sakatA hai| isI 'uddezya' ko nAgeza ne zekhara meM 'sampradAnatvazaktimAn' kahA hai| dra0-"sampradAnatva zaktimAn sampradAnacaturthyarthaH / sa eva uddezya ityucyate" (zabdenduzekhara, guruprasAda zAstrI sampAdita, pR0 717) / [sampradAna kAraka kI eka dUsarI paribhASA "akarmaka kriyoddezyatvaM sampradAnatvam" iti lakSaNAntaram / yathA- 'patye zete' ityAdi / 'patyuddezyaka nAyikA-kartRka zayanam' iti bodhaH / "akarmaka' kriyA kA uddezya bananA 'sampradAnatA' hai" yaha 'sampradAna' kI dUsarI paribhASA hai| jaise-'patye zete' (pati ke liye sotI hai) ityAdi / (yahAM) "pati hai 'uddezya' jisameM tathA patnI hai zayana karane vAlI jisameM aisA zayana" yaha bodha hotA hai| Upara 'sampradAna kAraka' kI jo paribhASA kI gayI usameM 'karma' zabda vidyamAna hai, isaliye usake anusAra kevala 'sakarmaka' dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM hI 'sampradAna' kAraka kI sthiti susaMgata mAnI jA sakatI hai, 'akarmaka' dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM nahIM kyoMki vahAM 'karma' koI hotA hI nahIM / isaliye yahAM 'sampradAna' kAraka kI dUsarI paribhASA For Private and Personal Use Only

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352 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUpA dI gayI ki yadi dhAtu 'akarmaka' ho to kriyA ke 'uddezya' kI 'sampradAna' saMjJA ho / jaise - 'patye zete' ityAdi prayoga / yahAM isa prayoga meM patnI ke zayana kriyA kA uddezya pati hai / kAtyAyana ne 'karmaraNA yamabhiprati0 sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ina akarmaka dhAtuoM kI dRSTi se hI "kriyAgrahaNaM ca karttavyam" isa vArtika ko prastuta kiyA thaa| yaha vArtika hI 'sampradAna' kAraka kI isa dUsarI paribhASA kA mUla hai / parantu pataMjali ne yaha kaha kara isa vArtika kA khaNDana kara diyA ki kriyA bhI 'karma' hai| kisI bhI kriyA ke viSaya meM pahale 'sandarzana' ('phala' viSayaka vicAra), usake bAda 'prArthanA' ('phala' ke upAya kI abhilASA) aura phira 'vyavasAya' ('phala' ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM kriyA-vizeSa kA nizcaya) prAdi karane ke bAda hI usa kriyA kA Arambha kiyA jAtA hai / isaliye 'akarmaka' dhAtutroM ke prayoga meM bhI pratIta hone vAlI ina kriyAtroM kI dRSTi se 'karma' kI upalabdhi ho jAyagI / dra0 - " kathaM nAma kriyA kriyayA IpsitatamA syAt ? kriyApi kriyayA IpsitatamA bhavati / kayA kriyayA ? sandarzanakriyayA vA prArthayati kriyayA va zradhyavasyatikriyayA vA / iha ya eSa manuSyaH prekSApUrvakArI bhavati sa buddhayA tAvat kaMcid grarthaM sampazyati, sandRSTe prArthanA, prArthanAyAm adhyavasAyaH, adhyavasAye prArambhaH, Arambhe nirvRttiH, nirvRttau phalAvAptiH ( mahA0 1.4.32 ) / tulanA karo - " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. ha0 - siddha / sandarzanaM prArthanAyAM vyavasAye tvanantarA / vyavasAyastathA''rambhe sAdhanatvAya kalpate / ( vApa0 3.7,16 ) 'prArthanA' kriyA meM 'sandarzana', 'vyavasAya' meM 'prArthanA' tathA 'Arambha' meM 'vyavasAya' sAdhana banatA hai / pataMjali ke 'adhyavasAya' liye hI bhartRhari ne 'vyavasAya' kA prayoga kiyA hai / [ "karmaNA yamabhipraiti0 " sUtra kI zrAvazyakatA para vicAra ] nanu dAnAdInAM tadarthatvAt 'tAdarthye caturthyA' eva siddhau kiM "karmaNA yam 0 " ( pA0 1.4.32 ) iti 'sampradAna'saMjJayA ? "caturthI sampradAne" ( pA0 2.3.13 ) iti sUtraM tu " rucyarthAnAm 0 " ( pA0 1.4.33 ) iti viSaye caturthyartham iti cet ? For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa n| dAnakarmaNo gavAdeAhmaNArthatve'pi dAnakriyAyAH paralokArthatvAt / ata eva "tAdarthyacaturthyAM dAnakarmaNo gavAdeH sampradAnArthatve'pi dAnakriyAyAstadarthatvAbhAvena caturthyantArthasya dAna - kriyAyAmanvayAnApattyA kArakatvAnApattiH" iti helaaraajH| upakAryopakArakatvasambandhastAdarthya caturthyarthaH / 'brAhmaNAya dadhi' ityAdau 'brAhmaNopakArakaM dadhi' iti bodhAd iti dik / dAna Adi usa ('sampradAna' yA 'uddezya') ke liye hote haiM, isaliye "catarthI vidhAne tAdarthya upasaGkhyAnam" (mahA0 2.3.13) isa vArtika se vihita 'tAdarthya' meM hone vAlI caturthI se hI (caturthI vibhakti ke vidhAna rUpa kArya kI) siddhi ho jAne para "karmaNA yam" isa (sUtra) se 'sampradAna' saMjJA (ke vidhAna) kI kyA AvazyakatA ? "caturthI sampradAne" yaha sUtra to (isaliye anAvazyaka nahIM hai ki vaha) "rucyarthAnAM prIyamANaH" isa (sUtra se vihita 'sampradAna' ke) viSaya meM caturthI vibhakti (ke vidhAna) ke liye hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya to? vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki ('brAhmaNebhyo' gAM dadAti' jaise prayogoM meM) dAna (kriyA) ke karma gau Adi ke brAhmaNArtha hote hue bhI dAna kriyA (brAhmaNa ke liye na hokara) paraloka ko prApti ke liye hai / isIliye"tAdarthya' meM vihita caturthI (vibhakti) meM dAna kriyA ke 'karma' go Adi ke 'sampradAna' ke liye hone para bhI, dAna kriyA usa ('sampradAna') ke liye nahIM hai / isaliye, caturthyanta (zabda 'brAhmaNa' Adi) ke artha (brAhmaNa Adi) kA dAna kriyA meM anvaya na hone ke kAraNa, 'kAraka' saMjJA kI upapatti nahIM hotI"-yaha (vAkyapadIya ke TIkAkAra) helArAja kA kathana hai| 'tAdarthya' meM vihita caturthI vibhakti kA artha hai 'upakArya evaM upakAraka' rUpa sambandha, kyoMki 'brAhmaNAya dadhi' (brAhmaNa ke liye dahI) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'brAhmaNa kA upakAraka dahI' yaha jJAna hotA hai / 1. tulanA karo-- vApa0 helArAja TIkA 3.7.126; nanu ca dAnasya tadarthatvAt tAdarthaM caturthI-prayogAta kimartha sampradAna saMjJA? naitanyAyam / dAnakriyArtha hi sampradAnam, na tu dAnakriyA tadarthA, kArakAraNAM kriyArthatvAt / sampradAnArthaM tu dIyamAnaM karma, iti vAkyArthabhUtAyA dAnakriyAyA atAdArthyAt, tAdarthya caturthyA aprAptau tadarthA sampradAnasaMjJA nyaayyaa| tathA-zabdenduzekhara, guruprasAda zAstrI sampAdita, pR0718-16% na ca dAnAdInAM tadarthatvAt tAdarthyacaturthaMva siddha kimanayA saMjJayeti vAcyam / "dAzagodhnau sampradAne" ityarthatvAt tatsapradAnakaM dAnam iti bodhArthaM tadAvazyakatvAcca / ata eva tAdathyacatuthyAM dAna karmaNo gavAde: sampradAnArthatve'pi dAnakriyAyAstadarthatvAbhAvena caturdAntArthasya dAnakriyAnvayAnApattiH / 2. nisa0, kAprazu0-tAdarthyArthaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA nanu dAnAdInAM 'iti cet : yahAM yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki "caturthI vidhAne tAdarthya upasaGkhyAnam," ('tAdarthya' meM bhI caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna karanA cAhiye), isa vArtika se hI 'brAhmaNebhyo gAM dadAti' jaise una sabhI prayogoM meM, jinameM "karmaNA yam abhipraiti0" sUtra se 'sampradAnaM' saMjJA karake usake AdhAra para "caturthI sampradAne" sUtra dvArA caturthI vibhakti prApta kI jAtI hai, 'sampradAna' saMjJA kA sahArA liye binA hI, caturthI vibhakti kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / vaha isa rUpa meM ki 'tAdarthya' zabda kI vyutpatti-'tasmai idaM tadartham / tadarthasya bhAvaH tAdarthyam' / ataH isa zabda kA abhiprAya hai jisake liye jo ho / jaise---'yUpAya dAru' (yUpa ke liye kASTha) yA 'kuberAya baliH' (kubera ke liye bli)| isa prakAra jisake liye vastu hotI hai usa 'uddezya' meM caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna yaha vAtika karatI hai / 'brAhmaNebhyo gAM dadAti' jaise prayogoM meM bhI, brAhmaNa Adi ke liye gau prAdi vastue~ dI jAtI haiN| isaliye, isa vArtika se hI caturthI vibhakti kI siddhi ho jAyagI / "karmaNA yam abhiprati0" sUtra athavA usake dvArA 'sampradAna' kAraka kI paribhASA banAne kI kyA AvazyakatA ? ____yadi isa prazna ke sAtha hI yaha kahA jAya ki jaba "karmaNA' yam abhiprati0" sUtra anAvazyaka hai to phira "caturthI sampradAne" sUtra kI bhI kyA AvazyakatA? to isakA uttara yaha hai ki 'sampradAna' saMjJA kA vidhAna karane vAle anya "rucyarthAnAM prIyamANaH" ityAdi sUtra bhI haiN| unake udAharaNoM meM caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna karane ke liye "caturthI sampradAne' sUtra kI to AvazyakatA hai| uparyukta prazna kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai ki dAna kiyA ke 'karma' gau Adi bhale hI brAhmaNa Adi ke liye hoM parantu dAna kriyA, brAhmaNa ke liye na hokara, paraloka yA svarga kI prApti ke liye hotI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki dAna dene vAle loga brAhmaNa Adi ko jo dAna dete haiM unakA prayojana svArtha hI hotA hai / jo loga svarga Adi meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM ve svarga Adi kI prApti ke liye dAna Adi kAryoM ko karate haiN| jina logoM kA svarga Adi meM vizvAsa nahIM hotA ve bhI apanI santuSTi ke liye nidhana Adi ko dAna dete haiM / isaliye dAna kiyA, jisako dAna diyA jAtA hai usakI dRSTi se na hokara, dAtA kI apanI dRSTi se hI hotI hai, arthAt brAhmaNa Adi ke liye na hokara apane liye hotI hai| isaliye "caturthI vidhAne tAdarthya upasaGkhyAnam" isa vArtika kI sImA meM ye udAharaNa nahIM pAte / ata: 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' jaise prayogoM meM "caturthI vidhAne tAdarthe upasakhyAnam" isa vArtika se caturthI vibhakti kI prApti nahIM hogii| isa kAraNa "caturthI sampradAne" tathA 'karmaNA yamabhiprati sa sampradAnam" ina donoM sUtroM kI AvazyakatA hai| isake atirikta "dAzagodhnau sampradAne" (pA0 3.4.73) sUtra racanA kI dRSTi se bhI to 'sampradAna' kAraka ke svarUpa-nirdhAraNa kI AvazyakatA hai hii| anyathA usa sUtra meM 'sampradAna' zabda kA kyA abhiprAya hai yaha kaise patA lagegA? tIsarA prayojana yaha bhI hai ki "brAhmaNa Adi haiM 'sampradAna' haiM jisameM aisI dAna prAdi kriyA" kA bodha ho isaliye bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'sampradAna' kAraka ke svarUpa ko batAyA jAya / uparyukta ina tInoM prayojanoM kA ullekha nAgeza ne "caturthI sampradAne" (pA0 2.3.13) sUtra ke bhASya kI apanI 'uddyota' TIkA meM nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai :--- For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 355 "karmaNA yam abhiprati0' iti saMjJAvidhAnaM tu 'dAzagodhno sampradAne' ityarthakam / 'tatsampradAnakaM dAnam' iti bodhArthaM ca / dAnakarmaNo gavAdeH sampradAnArthatve'pi dAnakriyAyAs tadarthatvAbhAve caturthyantArthasya dAnakriyAnvayAnApattir iti tadanvayArthaM ca iti dik" | [ 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA ] 37 vastutaH bAda meM racita kisI vArtika ke AdhAra para pahale viracita pANini ke kisI sUtra kI AvazyakatA anAvazyakatA kA vicAra hI anyAyya hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki paramparayA 'sampradAna' eka kAraka vizeSa kA nAma hai| ataH usake liye lakSaNa banAnA sUtrakAra pANini ke liye Avazyaka hI thA / isaliye pANini ne " karmaNA yam 0 ' sUtra kA praNayana kiyaa| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki spaSTatA tathA sukaratA kI dRSTi se bhI pANini kA yaha sUtra yAvazyaka hai kyoMki khIMcatAna kara "caturthI vidhAne 0" isa vArtika se kAma cala jAne para bhI sAmAnya pAThaka ke liye yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai ki kahA~ 'tAdarthya' hai aura kahA~ nahIM / cauthI bAta yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ne " caturthI vidhAne tAdarthye upasaMkhyAnam " isa vArtika ke jo udAharaNa - 'yUpAya dAru', 'kuNDalAya hiraNyam' ityAdi-diye haiM unheM dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki isa vArtika ke viSaya prAyaH ve prayoga haiM jinameM eka ko prakRti tathA dUsare ko vikRti batAyA gayA hai / jaise- 'yUpAya dAru', 'kuNDalAya hiraNyam' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM lakar3I yUpa kI prakRti hai tathA sonA kuNDala kI / pA~cavI bAta yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ne usa vArtika kA, "caturthI tadarthArtha- bali-hita-sukha-rakSitaiH " ( pA0 2.1.36 ) isa samAsa - vidhAyaka sUtra se 'tAdarthya' meM caturthI-vidhAna kA jJApaka mAna kara, khaNDana kara diyA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 2. 3. tat-tat-kartR-samaveta-tat-tat- kriyA janya prakRta - dhAtvavAcya-vibhAgAzrayatvam grapAdAnatvam / tad eva avadhitvam / vibhAgazca na vAstava-sambandha - pUrvako vAstava eva / kintu buddhi-parikalpita sambandha pUrvako buddhi parikalpi - to'pi / 'mAthurAH pATaliputrakebhya zrADhyatarAH ' ityAdI buddhi- parikalpitApAyAzrayaNenaiva' bhASye ( 1.4.24) paMcamI - sAdhanAt / zrata eva 'caitrAn maMtra: sundaraH' ityAdir loke prayogaH / usa usa karttA meM 'samavAya' sambandha se vidyamAna rahane vAlI usa usa kriyA se utpanna, uccarita dhAtu kA jo vAcya artha nahIM hai aise, vibhAga kA zrAzraya 1. - For Private and Personal Use Only tulanA karo -- lama0, pR0 1285; vibhAgazca na vAstava sambandha pUrvaka eva kintu buddhi-kalpita sambandha pUrvako'pi / ata eva jugupsApUrva ka-nivRtti lakSakatAm Azritya "jugupsA-virAma" ityAdi pratyAkhyAnaM bhASyokta' saMgacchate / 60 - pATaliputrebhyaH / ha0 meM 'apAya' ke sthAna para 'apAdAna' /

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-ladhu maMjUSA bananA 'apAdAnatA' hai| vahI (grAzrayatA) avadhi hai aura vibhAga vAstavika sambandha se yukta hokara vAstavika (hI ho yaha Avazyaka) nahIM hai / apitu (kahIM kahIM), buddhi ke dvArA jisameM sambandha kI kalpanA kI gayI haiM aisA, buddhiparikalpita bhI hotA hai kyoMki 'mAthurAH pATaliputrakebhya ADhyatarAH' (mathurA vAle paTanA vAloM se adhika dhanI haiM) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM buddhi ke dvArA parikalpita vibhAga ke prAzraya meM hI mahAbhASya meM paJcamI vibhakti kI siddhi kI gayI hai / isIliye loka meM 'caitrAn maitraH sundaraH' (caitra se maitra sundara hai) ityAdi prayoga hote haiN| 'apAdAna kAraka' kI jo paribhASA Upara dI gayI usake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'rAmo gRhAd AyAti' (rAma ghara se AtA hai) yaha vAkya dekhA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ 'kartA' rAma meM 'samavAya' sambandha se Agamana kriyA vidyamAna hai| isa prAgamana kriyA se vibhAga utpanna hotA hai| sAtha hI yaha vibhAga 'yA' upasarga se yukta 'yA' ghAtu kA vAcya artha nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke 'vibhAga' kA Azraya yahA~ 'gRha' hai isaliye vaha 'apAdAna' kAraka hai| isa 'apAdAna' ko hI avadhi kahA jAtA hai / "vibhAgazca na vAstava-sambandha-pUrvaka:'...""prayogaH - ina paMktiyoM meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vibhAga sarvathA vAstavika hI ho, arthAt pahale vibhakta hone vAle do vastuoM kA 'saMyoga' sambandha ho aura phira usake bAda unakA vibhAga ho, aise vAstavika vibhAga ke hI Azraya kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA ho yaha yahA~ abhipreta nahIM hai / kabhI kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki kevala buddhi-parikalpita sambandha ke AdhAra para hI bauddhika vibhAga kI sthiti mAna lI jAtI hai| isIliye jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai-'mAthurA: pATaliputrakebhya pADhyatarAH' to yahA~ mathurA-nivAsiyoM kA paTanA vAloM se jo vibhAga abhISTa hai vaha buddhi-parikalpita hI hai| isaliye bhASyakAra pataMjali ne isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM meM vibhAga ko bauddhika mAnakara 'apAdAna' saMjJA tathA usake AdhAra para paMcamI vibhakti kI siddhi kI hai (dra0-mahA0 1.4.24) / isa prakAra buddhi-parikalpita vibhAga ke AdhAra para bhI 'apAdAna' saMjJA kA vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa hI 'caitrAn maitra: sundaraH' jaise prayoga loka meM pracalita haiM / vahA~ caitra tathA maitra ko pahale eka sAtha vAstavika rUpa meM sambaddha kiyA jAtA ho phira unakA vibhAga hotA ho aisA nahIM hotaa| apitu yahA~ bauddhika sambandha evaM bauddhika vibhAga hI abhipreta hai| tulanA karo- "rUpaM rasAt pRthak' ityatra buddhi-parikalpitam apAdAnatvaM draSTavyam" (vabhUsA0 pR0 202) / ['apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA ke 'prakRta-dhAtvavAcya' tathA 'tat-tat-kartR' ina aMzoM ke prayojana ke viSaya meM vicAra] 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH' ityAdAv apAdAnatva-vAraNAya 'prakRta-dhAtvavAcya' iti / 'parasparasmAn meSAva apasarataH' ityatra apAdanatvAya 'tat tat-kata' iti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 357 tat-tat-pazu- vizeSa -niSTha vyApAra - janya-vibhAgAzrayas tattat - pazu- vizeSaH / kiMca 'meSa' - pada - vAcyayoH pazu- vizeSayoH kriyA''zrayatva-vivakSA, 'paraspara' - pada-vAcyayos tayostu vibhAgAzrayatva vivakSA ityaupAdhikas tayor bhedaH / zabda-svarUpopAdhi-kRta- bhedo'pyarthe gRhyate / yathA'grAtmAnam grAtmanA vetti' ityAdau zarIrAvacchinnaM 'kartA',' prantaHkaraNAvacchinnaM 'karaNam' niravacchinnaM nirIhaM 'karma' / ekasyaiva zabda bhedAd bhedaH / zabdAliGgitasyaiva sarvatra bhAnAt / tad grAha-- , Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir na so'sti pratyayo loke yaH zabdAnugamAd Rte / zranuviddham iva jJAnaM sarvaM zabdena bhAsate / / ( vApa0 1.122 ) 1. ha0 - tayorevaM / 2. ha0 -- AtmanAtmAnaM vetsi / 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH ' ( pakSI vRkSa ko chor3atA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'apAdAna' saMjJA ke nivAraNa ke liye 'prakRta dhAtvavAcya' ( uccarita dhAtu kA jo vAcya artha na ho) yaha (vizeSaraNa paribhASA meM rakhA gayA hai / parasparasmAn meSAv apasarata:' (do bher3eM eka dUsare se alaga hotI haiM) yahAM 'apAdAnatva' kI prApti ke liye ( paribhASA meM) 'tat tat kartR' ('usa usa bhinna bhinna kartA meM yaha vizeSaraNa) hai | usa usa pazu (bheMr3a) vizeSa meM vidyamAna (apasaraNa rUpa ) 'vyApAra', se utpanna hone vAle vibhAga kA Azraya vaha vaha ( bhinna bhinna ) pazu (bheMr3a ) vizeSa hai / tathA dvivacanAnta 'meSa' pada ke vAcya do pazu vizeSoM (bheMr3oM) meM ( apasaraNa) kriyA kI prAzrayatA ('kartRtva ) kI vivakSA hai / parantu paraspara' pada ke vAcyabhUta una donoM (bher3oM) meM vibhAga kI zrAzrayatA ( 'apAdAnatva') kI vivakSA hai / isa rUpa meM donoM ('kartA' tathA 'apAdAna' ) meM vizeSaraNa - kRta bhinnatA hai / zabda-svarUpa bhUta 'upAdhi' (vizeSaNa yA artha- prakAzaka) ke dvArA utpAdita bheda bhI artha meM gRhIta hotA hai / jaise- 'prAtmAnam AtmanA vetti' (grAtmA ko AtmA se jAnatA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM zarIra se avachinna (prAtmA) 'kartA' hai / prantaHkaraNa ( mana, buddhi tathA ahaMkAra) se avacchinna AtmA 'karaNa' ( sAdhana ) hai tathA zuddha niSkriya (brahma) 'karma' hai eka hI (tattva) meM zabda kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa (artha meM) bheda ho jAtA hai kyoMki zabda se pariveSTita ( athavA abhinna) hue artha kA hI bodha hotA hai| isa bAta ko ( bhartRhari ne ) kahA hai : / For Private and Personal Use Only

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358 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA ___"saMsAra meM aisA koI jJAna nahIM hai jo (usa jJAna ke bodhaka) zabda ke bodha ke binA ho / sampUrNa jJAna zabda se bhAno abhinna ho kara bhAsita (prakaTa) hotA hai| ___'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH' ityAdA""prakRta-dhAtvavAcya' iti-Upara 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA meM 'prakRta-dhAtvavAcya' (aise vibhAga ke prAzraya kI 'apadAna' saMjJA abhISTa hai jo prastuta yA uccarita dhAtu vAcya artha na ho) pada kA prayojana yahA~ yaha batAyA gayA ki 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'vRkSa' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA na ho jAye / anyathA 'apAdAna' kAraka kA lakSaNa yahA~ ghaTita ho jAtA jisase 'ativyApti' doSa upasthita hotA / parantu isa vizeSaNa ke rahane para, vibhAga yahA~ uccarita yA prayukta 'tyaj' dhAtu kA vAcyArtha hai isaliye, vRkSa kI 'apAdAnatA' kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| parantu isa vizeSaNa ke binA bhI upayukta prayoga meM 'vRkSa' kI apAdAnatA' kA nivAraNa ho sakatA hai / bhASya kA vacana hai-"apAdAnam uttarANi kArakAriNa bAdhante", arthAt aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtra-krama ke anusAra bAda meM vihita 'karma' Adi kAraka 'apAdAna' kAraka kI apekSA balavAna hote haiM tathA 'apAdAna' ko bAMdha lete haiN| bhASya ke isa vacana yA paribhASA ke AdhAra para "kurtur IpsitatamaM kama" (pA0 1.4.46) sUtra dvArA 'vRkSa' ko 'karma' kAraka hI mAnA jAyagA kyoMki vaha tyajana 'vyApAra' se utpanna vibhAga rUpa 'phala' kA Azraya hai| isa prakAra 'karma' kAraka ke dvArA bAdhita ho jAne para 'vRkSa' kI 'apAdAnatA' kA nivAraNa svayaM ho jAtA hai / tulanA karo-"na caivam api 'vRkSaM tyajati' iti durvAram / karmasaMjJayA apAdAna-saMjJAyA bAdhena paMcamyasambhavAt" vaibhUsA. (pR0 201-102) / ___ 'parasparasparasmAn meSAva apasarataH'... tayorbhedaH -... 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA meM kriyA ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM, 'tat-tat-kartR' aMza rakhA gayA hai| isa se yaha abhiprAya nikalatA hai ki---- "usa 'kartA' meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI jo kiyA usase utpanna jo vibhAga usa vibhAga kA Azraya 'apAdAna' kAraka hotA hai|" isa vizeSaNa ko paribhASA meM rakhane kA kyA prayojana haiM isa viSaya meM yahA~ vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 'parasparasmAn meSAva apasarataH' isa vAkya kA artha hai ki 'do bher3eM eka dUsare se pIche haTate haiN| yahA~ pahalA bheMr3a dUsare bheMr3a kI apasaraNa (pIche haTanA) kriyA kI dRSTi se 'apAdAna' kAraka hai tathA dUsarA bher3a pahale bher3a kI apasaraNa kriyA kI dRSTi se / pahale bher3a ko 'apAdAna' mAnate samaya dUsare bheMr3a rUpI 'kartA' meM jo apasaraNa kriyA 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai usase utpanna vibhAga ke Azraya ke rUpa meM pahalI bheMr3a vivakSita hotI hai tathA dUsarI bheMr3a ko 'apAdAna' mAnate samaya pahale bheMr3a rUpI 'kartA' meM jo apasaraNa kriyA 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai usase utpanna vibhAga ke Azraya ke rUpa meM dUsarI bher3a vivakSita hotI hai| ata: yahA~ donoM hI bher3a, eka dUsare kI dRSTi se, apasaraNa 'vyApAra' kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa 'kartA' haiM tathA donoM hI apasaraNa kiyA se utpanna vibhAga rUpa 'phala' kA prAzraya hone ke kAraNa eka dUsare ke prati 'apAdAna' bhI haiN| isa taraha apane se bhinna bheMr3a meM 'samavAya' samambandha se vidyamAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 356 apasaraNa kriyA se utpanna vibhAga kA Azraya hone se donoM kA 'apAdanatva' tathA apane meM samavAya sambandha se vidyamAna apasaraNa kriyA kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa donoM kA 'kartRtva' --- isa rUpa meM donoM bher3oM kI donoM hI saMjJAyeM haiN| itanA avazya hai ki donoM saMjJAnoM ke liye alaga alaga do zabda haiM --dvivacanAnta 'meSa' pada 'kartR'-saMjJaka hai tathA 'paraspara' zabda 'apAdAna'-saMjJaka hai| isaliye donoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai / isI bAta ko nAgeza ne "kiMca meSa-pada-vAcyayoH"vibhAgAzrayatva-vivakSA" ina zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai| 'parasparasmAn meSAv apasarataH' isa prayoga ko bhartRhari ne bhI vAkyapadIya kI nimna kArikAnoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai / ubhAvapyadhra vo meSau yadyapyubhaya-karmaje / vibhAge, pravibhakta tu kriye tatra vivakSite // meSAntara-kriyApekSam avadhitvaM pRthak-pRthak / meSayoH sva-kriyApekSaM kartRtvaM ca pRthak-pRthak / (vApa0 3.7.140-41) kArikA ke 'ubhAvapi...: vibhAge'-- isa aMza kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki donoM bher3oM kA karma (apasaraNa kriyA) hai janaka (utpAdaka) jinakA aise vibhAga meM donoM hI bher3eM adhruva (vibhAga-janaka kriyA ke prAzraya) haiM / isaliye, (apasaraNa) kriyA ke prAzraya hone ke kAraNa, yadyapi donoM kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA na hokara 'kartR saMjJA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra kArikA ke itane aMza meM pUrva pakSa rakha kara agale aMza meM isakA uttara diyA gayA hai| 'pravibhakte tu pRthak'- isa aMza meM yaha kahA gayA ki isa uparyukta prayoga meM apasaraNa kiyA, jo vibhAga kA janaka hai, apane AzrayabhUta bhinna bhinna bher3oM ke kAraNa, bhinna bhinna rUpa meM hI vivakSita hai / eka bher3a kI apasaraNa kriyA kI dRSTi se dUsarI bher3a kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA tathA dUsarI bheMr3a kI apasaraNa kiyA kI apekSA pahalI bheMr3a kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hai| isI prakAra donoM bher3oM kI apanI apanI kriyA kI dRSTi se alaga alaga 'kartR' saMjJA bhI hai| aupAdhikas tayorbhedaH uparyukta prayoga meM 'paraspara' tathA 'meSa' ina do zabdoM kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa yahA~ 'aupAdhika yA 'upAdhi'-kRta bheda ho gayA hai / isa paMkti meM zabda ko 'upAdhi' kahA gayA / 'upAdhi' kA abhiprAya hai jo apane guNoM ko dUsaroM meM saGkAnta kara de - 'upa samIpam etya svIkIyaM guNam anyasmin AdadhAti' / isIliye vyaJjaka ko bhI 'upAdhi' kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha vyaGgya meM apane guNoM ko saGkrAnta yA pratibhAsita karA detA hai| yahA~ 'paraspara' tathA 'meSa' zabda apanI vibhinnarUpatA ke kAraNa eka hI vastu (meSa pazu) meM bheda utpanna kara dete haiM, isaliye unheM bhI 'upAdhi' kahA gyaa| isa zabdarUpa 'upAdhi' kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa yahA~ eka ko hI 'apAdAna' tathA 'kartR'saMjJA mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM upasthita hotaa| zabdasvarUpopAdhi...''zabdabhedAd bhedaH-zabdarUpa 'upAdhi' kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa artha meM jo vibhinna tA upasthita hotI hai usakA bhI bodha hotA hI hai| jaise-'pAtmA For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-sidAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'yAtmAnam pAtmanA vetti' isa prayoga meM eka hI prAtmA athavA caitanya ko tIna vibhinna rUpoM meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| zarIra se avacchinna athavA zarIrarUpa prAtmA ko 'kartA', antaHkaraNa (mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra) rUpa AtmA ko 'karaNa' tathA nirIha, niSkriya evaM vizuddha AtmA ko 'karma' mAnA gayA / isaliye 'propAdhika' bhinnatA ke kAraNa eka meM hI upasthita hone vAlI ina tInoM saMjJAnoM meM koI virodha nahIM upasthita hotA / tulanA karo-"dvAv AtmAnau / antarAtmA zarIrAtmA ca / antarAtmA tat karma karoti yena zarIrAtmA sukha-duHkhe anubhavati / zarIrAtmA tatkarma karoti yenAntarAtmA sukhe anubhavati" (mahA0 3.1.87) / zabdAliGgatasya .. bhAsate :-zabdarUpa 'upAdhi' ke dvArA artha meM bhinnatA utpanna hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sadA zabda ke mAdhyama se hI artha kA prakAzana hotA hai / kabhI bhI, zabda kI sahAyatA ke binA, spaSTa evaM sarala rUpa meM, artha kA prakAzana sambhava nahIM isa kathana kI puSTi meM nAgeza ne mahAn zabda-manISI bhartRhari kI eka kArikA ko yahA~ pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki vizva meM aisA koI jJAna nahIM hai jo zabda kI sahAyatA ke binA prakaTa ho / sArA jJAna vijJAna zabda se anusyUta ho kara prakAzita hotA hai| yahA~ kArikA meM jo 'iva' zabda kA prayoga hai vaha isa bAta ko batAne liye hai ki jJAna meM jo zabda kA tAdAtmya yA abheda sambandha hai vaha pAropita hai| vAkyapadIya ke brahmakANDa meM isa prakAra kI aneka kArikAe~ milatI haiM jina meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki sampUrNa artha zabda se hI prakAzita hote haiM yA zabda para Azrita haiN| isa dRSTi se nimna kArikAyeM draSTavya haiM : SaDjAdi-bhedaH zabdena vyAkhyAto rUpyate yataH / tasmAt artha-vidhAH sarvAH zabdamAtrAsu nizritAH / / 1.118 vAgarUpatA cen niSkAme pravabodhasya shaashvtii| na prakAzaH prakAzeta sA hi pratyavamarzinI / / 1.123 sA sarva-vidyA-zilpAnAM kalAnAM copbndhnii| tad-vazAda abhiniSpannaM sarva vastu vibhajyate // 1.124 ['aupAdhika' bheda se utpanna artha-bheda ke dvArA 'prapAdAna' saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAne para paribhASA meM 'tat-tat-kartR-samaveta' isa aMza ko prAvazyakatA para vicAra] nanu yetad aupAdhika-bhedam AdAyaiva atra apAdAnatve siddhe kiM 'tat-tat-kartR-samaveta' ityanena iti cet ? na / 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavA'haH' ityAdau azvasya apAdAnatvAya tatsvIkArAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa isa 'aupAdhika' bheda ke AdhAra para hI yahA~ ('parasparasmAn meSAv apasarata:' isa prayoga meM) 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAne para ' tat-tat-kartR - samaveta ' - isa aMza kI ( paribhASA meM) kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAhaH ' ( pahAr3a se girate hue ghor3e se ghur3asavAra giratA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'azva' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA karane ke liye vaha ( ' tat-tat-kartR samaveta' yaha vizeSaNa) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'propAdhika' bheda ke AdhAra para parasparasmAn meSAv grapasarata:' isa prayoga meM 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAne para bhI paribhASA meM 'tat-tat-kartR - samaveta ' isa aMza kI AvazyakatA banI hI rahatI hai kyoMki 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAha:' jaise prayogoM meM 'azva' jaise zabdoM kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA taba taka siddha nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka uparyukta aMza paribhASA meM na ho / ['vRkSAt patati' isa prayoga ke viSaya meM vicAra ] 361 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAha:' isa prayoga meM 'azva' sambandhI patana kI dRSTi se 'parvata' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hai tathA 'ghur3asavAra' ke patana kI dRSTi se 'azva' kI apAdAna saMjJA abhISTa hai / isI prakAra 'parvata' hai avadhi jisameM aise patana kA 'kartA' 'ghur3asavAra' hai / isaliye 'azva' ('kartA' ) meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI patana kriyA se utpanna, prakRta 'pat' dhAtu ke prAvAcyabhUta vibhAga kA zrAzraya hai 'parvata' tathA 'ghur3asavAra' ('karttA') meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI patana kriyA se utpanna, prakRta 'pat' dhAtu zravAcyabhUta, vibhAga kA Azraya hai 'azva' / ataH do bhinna bhinna 'karttA' ('azva' tathA 'ghur3asavAra' ) kI dRSTi se donoM 'parvata' tathA 'azva' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hogI / yadi paribhASA meM 'tat-tta-kartR - samaveta' aMza na ho to 'azva' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki patana kriyA yahA~ bhale hI eka ho parantu, do bAra 'pat' dhAtu ke dvArA kathita hone ke kAraNa, 'upAdhi' bheda se vaha do bana gayI hai / isaliye isa 'upAdhi' - bheda ke kAraNa 'azva' meM samaveta patana kriyA kA prAzraya hone se 'azva' 'kartA' hai parantu 'ghur3asavAra' meM samaveta patana kriyA kI dRSTi se vaha 'apAdAna' hai / nanu 'vRkSAt parNaM patati' ityAdau tAdRza- phalAzrayatvAt parNasyApi apAdAnatvaM vibhAgasya dviSThatvAd iti cet ? na / parayA 'kartR ' -saMjJayA bAdhAt / ata eva "prapAdAnam uttarANi kArakANi bAdhante " iti bhASyaM' saGgacchate / For Private and Personal Use Only 'vRkSAt parNaM patati' ( per3a se pattA giratA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM usa prakAra ke 'phala' (patte meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI 'patana' kriyA se 1. tulanA karo - mahA0 14.1 apAdAnasaMjJAm uttarANi kArakANi bAdhante /

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA utpanna tathA prakRta 'pat' dhAtu ke avAcyabhUta vibhAga rUpa 'pa.la') kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa 'parNa' kI bhI 'apAdAna' saMjJA prApta hotI hai kyoMki vibhAga ('vRkSa' tathA 'parNa') donoM meM rahatA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai| (aSTAdhyAyI meM 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI apekSA) bAda meM hone vAlI 'kartR' saMjJA ke dvArA ('parNa' meM 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI prApti kA) bAdhana ho jaaygaa| isIliye 'apAdAnam uttarAriNa kArakAriNa bAdhante" (bAda meM vihita 'kAraka' 'apAdAna' kAraka ke bAdhaka hote haiM) yaha bhASya kA kathana susaGgata hotA hai| Upara jo 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA dI gayI hai usameM, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, yaha 'ativyApti' doSa dikhAyA jA rahA hai ki 'vRkSAt parNa patati' jaise prayogoM meM 'parNa' meM bhI 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI aniSTa prApti hogI kyoMki jisa prakAra parNa rUpa 'kartA' meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI patana kriyA se utpanna vibhAga rUpa phala' kA, jo prakRta 'pat' dhAtu kA vAcya artha nahIM hai, Azraya vRkSa hai usI prakAra svayaM 'parNa' bhI usa vibhAga kA Azraya hai / 'vRkSa' tathA 'parNa' meM donoM meM vibhAga kI sattA isalie mAnI jAtI hai ki vibhAga athavA saMyoga sadA hI do vastunoM meM hotA he| ___ isa 'ativyApti' doSa kA uttara yahAM yaha diyA gayA hai ki yaha to ThIka hai 'parNa' meM bhI 'vRkSa' ke samAna hI, 'apAdAna' saMjJA kI prApti hotI hai| parantu, prakRta 'pat' dhAtu ke artha patana 'vyApAra' kA prAzraya bhI parNa hai isaliye, parNa kI 'kartR' saMjJA bhI prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra donoM saMjJAnoM kI prApti meM "vipratiSedhe param" (pA0 1.4.2) sUtra ke anusAra 'kartR' saMjJA ko hI vizeSa balavAn mAnA jAegA kyoMki aSTAdhyAyI ke 'kAraka'-prakaraNa meM 'apAdAna' saMjJA ke vidhAyaka "dhra vam apAye apAdAnam" (pA0 1.4.24) Adi sUtroM ke bAda 'kartR' saMjJA kA vidhAna karane vAle sUtroM ko rakhA gayA hai| 'para' arthAt bAda meM vihita kArakoM ko balavAn mAnane para hI bhASya meM pataMjali kA "apAdAnam uttarANi kArakANi bAdhante"- arthAt bAda meM vihita 'kartA', 'karma' Adi kAraka 'apAdAna' kAraka ke bAdhaka hote haiM / yaha kathana susaGgata hotA hai| ['apAdAna' kAraka kI eka dUsarI paribhASA kA vivecana] yatta kecid- "gatyanAviSTatve sati tajjanya-vibhAgAgAzrayatvam" iti tanna / tat-tad-vAkye meSAzvayor apAdAnatvAnApattaH / kucha (prAcArya) jo yaha kahate haiM ki "gati (kriyA) kA prAzraya na hote hue usa (kriyA) se utpAdya vibhAga kA Azraya bananA 'apAdAnatA' hai"--vaha (kathana) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki ('parasparasmAn meSAv apasarataH' tathA 'parvatAt For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 363 patato'zvAt patatyazvavAhaH' jaise ) usa usa vAkya meM 'meSa' tathA 'azva' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA nahIM prApta hotI / kucha prAcArya 'apAdAna' kAraka kI paribhASA yaha karate haiM ki jo 'kAraka' kriyA kA Azraya na ho tathA kriyA-janya vibhAga kA Azraya ho vaha 'apAdAna' kAraka hai / isa paribhASA ko mAnane para 'vRkSAt parNaM patati' jaise prayogoM meM doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki 'para' jaise zabdoM kI, vibhAga kA prAzraya hone para bhI, isaliye 'apAdAna' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI ki vaha patana kriyA kA Azraya hai / isaliye 'gati' arthAt kriyA se anAviSTa ( rahita ) nahIM hai / 'gati' zabda yahA~ kriyAmAtra ke upalakSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hai / parantu isa paribhASA meM 'avyApti' doSa hai, isa kAraNa ise ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vaha isa prakAra ki 'parasparasmAn meSAv apasarat : ' (do bher3eM eka dUsare se alaga hotI haiM) tathA 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAha: ' ( pahAr3a se girate hue ghor3e se ghur3asavAra giratA hai) jaise prayogoM meM pahale meM 'meSa' 'apasaraNa' kriyA ke prAzraya haiM tathA dUsare prayoga meM 'azva' 'patana' kriyA kA prAzraya hai / isaliye paribhASA kI zarta, 'kriyA kA Azraya na honA, pUrI na hone ke kAraNa ina 'meSa' tathA 'azva' kI abhISTa 'apAdAna' saMjJA nahIM prApta hotI / isa prakAra yaha paribhASA 'avyApti' doSa se dUSita hai / kina AcAryoM kI yaha paribhASA hai yaha ThIka ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / parantu nyAyakoza meM gadAdhara bhaTTa ke nAma se nimna paribhASA milatI hai : - ' kriyAnAzrayatve tajjanya- vibhAgAzrayatvam apAdAnatvam" jisase uparyukta paribhASA kI pUrI samatA hai / [ 'zrapAdAna' kI uparyukta paribhASA ko mAnane vAle kisI vidvAn ke, 'parasparasmAn meSAv zrapasarata:' isa prayoga-viSayaka, vaktavya kA khaNDana ] yad grapi " pasarataH' iti sR' dhAtunA gati-: ta-drayasyApyupAdAnAda eka-niSThAM gatiM prati itarasya apAdAnatvam viruddham " iti tan na / kriyAyA ekatvAt / ata eva "na vai tiGantAnyekazeSArambhaM prayojayanti / kriyAyA ekatvAt" iti bhASyaM saMgacchate / aura jo - 'prapasarata:' ( haTate haiM) isa (kriyA meM vidyamAna ) 'sR' dhAtu se (donoM 'bher3oM' meM vidyamAna ) donoM gatiyoM kA kathana hone ke kAraNa eka ( ' bheMDa') meM sthita gati kI dRSTi se dUsare 'bheMr3a' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai" - yaha kathana hai vaha (bhI) ThIka nahIM kyoMki ('apa' upasarga pUrvaka 'sR' dhAtu kA vAcyArtha apasaraga' ) kriyA eka hai| isIliye 1. tulanA karo - mahA0 1.2, 64, na tiGantAni ekazeSArambhaM prayojayanti / kiM kAraNam ? ... ekA hi kriyA / 2. 60 saGgacchate iti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA (aneka kriyAoM ko bhI eka mAnane ke kAraNa hI) "tiGanta (kriyA pada) 'eka zeSa' ("sarUpANAm ekazeSa ekavibhaktau' pA0 1.2.64) sUtra kI racanA meM hetu nahIM hai kyoMki kriyA eka hai" yaha bhASya (meM pataMjali kA kathana) susaGta hotA hai| Upara "gatyanAviSTatve sati tajjanya-vibhAgAzrayatvam apAdAnatvam' isa paribhASA meM 'avyApti' doSa dikhAyA gayA thA usake nirAkaraNa ke liye kisI vidvAn ne yaha kahA ki 'parasparasmAn meSAv apasarataH' isa prayoga meM 'apasarataH' isa kriyA pada se donoM 'bher3oM' meM vidyamAna do kriyAoM kA kathana huA hai| isaliye pahale 'bheDa' meM vidyamAna jo gati hai usakA prAzraya dusarA 'bheDa' nahIM hai tathA dUsare bher3a meM jo gati hai usakA prAzraya pahalA 'bher3a' nahIM hai| isa prakAra pahale kI apekSA dUsarA tathA dUsare kI apekSA pahalA 'bher3a' 'apAdAna' kAraka bana jaaegaa| isI prakAra 'parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAhaH' isa prayoga meM patana kriyAe~ do haiM / ata: jisa 'patana' kiyA kA Azraya 'azva' hai usase bhinna, "ghur3asavAra' sambandhI, 'patana' kriyA kA Azraya na hone tathA isa dUsare (azvAzrita) patana kriyA se utpanna vibhAga kA prAzraya hone ke kAraNa 'azva' kI 'apAdAnatA' siddha ho jAyegI / isa prakAra isa paribhASA meM koI bhI 'ativyApti' doSa nahIM aaegaa| parantu nAgeza isa vicAra kA khaNDana karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki 'apasaraNa' kriyA athavA 'patana' kriyA bhale hI dohoM tathA donoM ko bhinna mAnane se 'meSa' tathA 'azva' kI uparyukta prayogoM meM 'apAdAnatA' siddha ho jAya / lekina eka hI kriyA ke do yA aneka rUpa se kathita hone para bhI use eka hI mAnA jAegA do yA aneka nhiiN| aura java yahA~ 'apasaraNa' tathA 'patana' kriyA ko eka mAnA jAegA to pUrvokta 'avyApti' doSa banA hI raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI kriyA ko yadi eka na mAnA gayA to bhASyakAra pataMjali kA yaha kathana--"na tiGntAni ekazeSArambhamprayojayanti / ekA hi kiyA," arthAt kriyA kI anekatA, "sarUpANam ekazeSa ekavibhaktau" (pA0 1.2.64) sUtra se vihita 'ekazeSa' meM hetu nahIM banA krtii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki eka kriyA ke anekadhA kathita hone para bhI unameM 'ekazeSa' karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI kyoMki kriyA meM anekatA nahIM ho sakatI,-'ekA hi kriyA'-kriyA eka hI hotI hai / ataH 'patana' kriyA athavA 'apasaraNa' kriyA ko aneka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aura ina kriyAoM ko eka mAnane para Upara pradarzita 'avyApti' doSa dUra nahIM hotaa| Upara "yad api apasarataH aviruddham iti" ina zabdoM meM jisa vicAra ko nAgeza ne prastuta kiyA hai vaha kisakA hai yaha spaSTa jJAta nahIM hai / TIkAkAroM ne ise kauNDa bhaTTa kA vicAra mAnA hai| vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra (pR0 168) meM yaha prasaGga nimna paMktiyoM meM nibaddha hai---"yathA nizcala-meSAd apasarad-dvitIya-meSa-sthale nizcala-meSasya apasaran-meSakriyAm prAdAya dhra vatvaM tathA atrApi vibhAgakye'pi kriyA-bhedAda eka-kriyAm AdAya parasya dhra vatvam iti" / isa paMkti kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra 'meSAd meSa apasarati' For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 365 jaise prayogoM meM eka sthira bheMr3a ke pAsa se haTate hue dUsare bher3a ko kahane meM, haTate hue bher3a kI apasaraNa kriyA kI dRSTi se, sthira bher3a kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hotI hai, usI prakAra yahA~ 'parasparasmAn meSAva apasarata:' isa prayoga meM bhI, yadyapi donoM meM hone vAlA vibhAga eka hai phira bhI donoM meM vidyamAna dvividha apasaraNa kriyAnoM ke kAraNa pahale 'bheMDa' kI 'apasaraNa' kriyA kI dRSTi se dUsare 'bheMDa' kI tathA dUsare 'bher3a' kI 'apasaraNa' kriyA kI dRSTi se pahale 'bheMDa' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hogii| nAgeza ne yahA~ jo kriyA-dvaividhya kA khaNDana kiyA hai use bahuta sayuktika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki bhale hI 'apasaraNa' yA 'patana' kriyA eka hI haiM, phira bhI vaha vibhakta rUpa meM vaktA ko vivakSita avazya hai, jaisA ki Upara (dra0 pR0 356) bhartRhari kI kArikA se bhI spaSTa hai| vibhakta rUpa meM vivakSita hone ke kAraNa hI dogoM meSoM kI 'kartR' saMjJA hai tathA vibhakta rUpa meM hI vivakSita hone ke kAraNa ina kiyAoM se utpanna vibhAga kA Azraya hone se 'paraspara' pada-vAcya donoM 'meSoM' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA hai| nAgeza ne svayaM 'parasparasmAna meSAvapasarataH' kI Upara jo vyAkhyA kI hai usakI saMgati ke liye bhI to kriyA ko dvividha rUpa meM vivakSita mAnanA Avazyaka hai| [paMcamI vibhakti kA artha paMcamyartho'vadhiH / 'vRkSAvadhikaM parNa-kartRka patanama' iti bodhH| 'parvatAvadhikapatanAzrayAbhinnAzvAvadhikam azvavAha-kartRka patanam' iti bodhaH / 'paraspara-meSAvadhika dvitvAvacchinna-meSa-kartR kam apasaraNam' iti bodhaH / iti dik| paMcamI (vibhakti) kA artha hai 'avdhi'| ('vRkSAt parNa patati' isa prayoga meM) 'vRkSa hai 'avadhi' jisameM tathA 'parNa' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'patana' kriyA" yaha bodha hotA hai| ('parvatAt patato'zvAt patatyazvavAhaH' isa prayoga meM) "parvata' hai avadhi jisameM aisI 'patana' kriyA ke Azraya se abhinna jo azva hai vaha hai 'avadhi' jisameM tathA ghur3asavAra hai 'kartA' jisameM aisA patana" yaha bodha hotA hai| ('parasparasmAn meSAv apasarataH' isa prayoga meM) "eka dUsare ke prati bhaMr3eM haiM 'avadhi' jisameM tathA dvivacanatA se yukta bher3eM haiM 'kartA' jisa meM aisI apasaraNa kriyA" yaha bodha hotA hai / yaha (vivecana) digdarzana mAtra hai| pANini ne "dhra vam apAye'pAdAnam" (pA0 1.4.24) sUtra dvArA 'apAya' arthAt vibhAga meM 'dhra va' arthAt avadhibhUta 'kAraka' kI 'apAdAna' saMjJA tathA "apAdAne paMcamI" (pA0 2.3.28) sUtra se paMcamI vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isaliye paMcamI vibhakti 1. h0-ashvvaar-| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA kA artha avadhi' mAnanA ucita hI hai| paMcamI vibhakti ke artha 'avadhi' kA pradarzana nAgeza ne AdarzabhUta tIna udAharaNoM meM svayaM dikhA diyA jinakA vivecana Upara ho cukA hai| ['adhikaraNa' kAraka ko paribhASA kata -karma-dvAraka-phala-vyApArAdhAratvam adhikaraNa tvam / yathA-'sthAlyAm prodanaM gRhe pacati' ityAdau karmadvAraka-viklittirUpa-phalAdhAraH sthAlI, kartR-dvArakavyApArAdhAro gRham iti / nanu sAkSAt-kriyAdhArayor aodana-caitrayor adhika raNatva-labdhau paramparayA tad-aAdhArayor gRha-sthAlyos tatsaMjJA tvayuktA iti cet ? na / paratvAt kartR-karmasaMjJAbhyAM sAkSAd aAdhArIbhUte bAdhAt / "sthAlyadhikaraNikA yA prodana-niSThA viklittisa tadanukUlo gRhAdhikaraNako maitrakartRko vyApAraH" iti bodhAt / 'kartA' tathA 'karma' ke dvArA (kramaza:) 'vyApAra' tathA 'phala' kA AdhAra bananA 'adhikaraNatA' hai| jaise-'sthAlyAm prodanaM gahe pacati' (ghara para patIlI meM cAvala pakAtA hai) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'kartA' (caitra) ke dvArA (pAka) 'vyApAra' kA AdhAra ghara hai tathA 'karma' (prodana yA pake cAvala) ke dvArA viklitti rUpa 'phala' kA AdhAra sthAlI (patIlI) hai| ___ yadi yaha kahA jAya ki kriyA ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra') ke sAkSAt AdhAra cAvala tathA caitra kI, 'adhikaraNa' saMjJA kI prApti rahane para paramparA se unake AdhAra gRha tathA sthAlI kI adhikaraNa saMjJA mAnanA ayukta hai- to vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki ('phala' tathA 'vyApAra' ke) sAkSAd AdhAra (prodana tathA caitra) meM, bAda meM (vihita) hone ke kAraNa, 'kartA' tathA 'karma' saMjJA dvArA ('adhikaraNa' saMjJA kA) bAdhana ho jaaygaa| tathA (uparyukta prayoga meM) "patIlI (sthAlI) hai 'adhikaraNa' jisameM aise prodana (pake cAvala) meM rahane vAlI jo viklitti (pakanA rUpa 'phala') usake anukUla, ghara hai AdhAra jisakA aura maitra hai 'kartA' jisakA aisA, 'vyApAra" yaha bodha hotA hai| pANini ne "prAdhAro'dhikaraNam" (pA0 1.4.45) sUtra dvArA 'adhikaraNa' kAraka kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai| Upara se "kArake" (pA0 1.4.23) isa sUtra kA adhikAra hone ke kAraNa yahA~ aisA 'AdhAra' abhipreta hai jo kriyA kA 'kAraka' athavA For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 367 janaka ho| kriyA ke sAkSAd AdhAra do hote haiM-eka usa kriyA ko karane vAlA arthAt 'kartA' tathA dUsarA jisameM vaha kriyA ho rahI ho arthAt 'karma' / jaise---- 'devadattaH sthAlyAm prodanaM gRhe pacati' isa prayoga meM pakAne vAlA devadatta tathA pakane vAlA cAvala-ye donoM hI pakAnA kriyA ke sAkSAd prAdhAra haiN| parantu ina sAkSAd AdhAroM ko 'adhikaraNa' isaliye nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki aSTAdhyAyI meM 'adhikaraNa' saMjJA ke vidhAyaka "adhAro'dhikaraNam" Adi sUtroM ke pazcAt 'kartA' tathA ('karma' saMjJA ke vidhAyaka sUtroM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA 'vipratiSedha') samAna-bala-virodha meM pUrva kI apekSA bAda ke sUtroM ko adhika balavAn mAnA gayA hai| dra0-"vipratiSedhe param" (pA0 1.4.2) / pAcana kriyA kA karane vAlA (jaise--yahA~ devadatta) pakAnA rUpa 'vyApAra' kA Azraya hai tathA jisameM pAcana kriyA hotI hai vaha 'karma' (jaise yahA~ cAvala) 'phala' kA Azraya hai / isa kAraNa, unakI 'adhikaraNa' saMjJA na hokara, kramaza: 'kartA' tathA 'karma' saMjJA ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra yadi kriyA ke sAkSAd AdhAra kI dRSTi se hI "prAdhAro'dhikaraNam" sUtra para vicAra kiyA gayA to vaha sUtra vyartha ho jaaygaa| isaliye paramparayA 'pAdhAra' kI dRSTi se 'kartR-karma-dvAraka' yaha vizeSaNa yahA~ paribhASA meM rakhanA pdd'aa| isa rUpa meM do taraha ke AdhAroM kI 'adhikaraNa' saMjJA hotI hai eka to jo 'vyApAra' ke grAzraya 'kartA' kA AdhAra ho tathA dUsarA jo 'phala' ke Azraya 'karma' kA AdhAra ho / jaise Upara ke udAharaNa meM pakAne rUpa 'vyApAra' ke AzrayabhUta devadatta kA aAdhAra ghara tathA pakanA rUpa 'phala' ke prAzraya cAvala kA AdhAra sthAlI (ptiilii)| dUsare zabdoM meM-pakanA rUpa 'vyApAra' 'kartA' devadatta meM hai tathA devadatta ghara meM hai isaliye 'kartR-dvArA (paramparayA) 'vyApAra' kA AdhAra ghara huaa| isI prakAra cAvala kA paka jAnA rUpa 'phala' pake cAvala meM hai tathA vaha pakA cAvala sthAlI meM hai isa taraha 'karma' dvArA 'phala' kA AdhAra sthAlI hai| sambandha kI dRSTi se 'vyApAra', 'samavAya' sambandha se, kartA devadatta meM hai tathA devadatta, 'saMyoga' sambandha se, ghara meM hai isaliye 'sva-samavAyi-saMyoga' rUpa paramparA sambandha se 'vyApAra' kA AdhAra ghara huA / viklitti athavA pakanA rUpa 'phala' 'samavAya' sambandha se pake cAvala meM hai aura pakA cAvala 'saMyoga' sambandha se sthAlI meM hai / isaliye yahA~ bhI usI 'sva-samavAyi-saMyoya' rUpa paramparA sambandha se viklitti rUpa 'phala' kA AdhAra sthAlI hai| isa rUpa meM paramparayA kriyA ke janaka hone ke kAraNa inheM 'adhikaraNa' kAraka kahA jAtA hai| isI bAta ko bhartRhari ne nimna kArikA meM prastuta kiyA hai : - kartR-karma-vyavahitAm asAkSAd dhArayatkriyAm / upakurvat kriyA-siddhau zAstre'dhikaraNaM smRtam / / (vApa0 3.7.148) arthAt 'kartA' tathA 'karma' se vyavahita tathA isIliye kriyA ke asAkSAd aAdhAra bana kara kriyA kI siddhi meM sahAyaka 'kAraka' ko zAstra meM 'adhikaraNa' kahA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 368 [ 'adhikaraNa' ke tIna prakAra ] www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUbA 2. 3. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tacca gradhikaraNam tridhA -- grabhivyApakam, zrapazleSikama vaiSayikaM ceti / tatra sakalAvayava - vyAptau vyApakAdhAratvam / yathA - ' tileSu tailam prarita' / 'upa' samIpe, 'zleSa: ' sambandhaH 'upazleSaH' / tatkRtam zrapazleSikam / ata eva "iko yara aci " ( pA0 6.1.77 ) ityAdau prapazleSikAdhAre saptamyuktA "saMhitAyAm " ( pA0 6 1.72 ) iti sUtre bhASye' / tatra prajAdi - sAmIpyam eva igAdInAm / "yan mAse pratikrAnte dIyate tasya mAsa prapazleSikama adhikaraNam / mAsikaM dhAnyam" ityuktam " tatra dIyate 0' ( pA0 5.1.66 ) iti sUtre bhASye / yattu 'kaTe Aste' ityaupazleSikodAharaNam ukta kaiyaTena tad prayuktam / ukta-bhASya-virodhAt / etad dvayAtiriktaM vaiSayikaM gradhikaraNam / 'kaTe Aste', 'jale santi matsyAH' ityAdi / abhivyApakAtiriktaM gauraNam pradhikaraNam iti bodhyam / 17 vaha 'adhikaraNa' tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- 'abhivyApaka', 'aupazleSika' tathA 'vaiSayika' / unameM sampUrNa avayavoM meM (prAdheya ke) vyApta rahane para vyApaka ('abhivyApaka') AdhAratA hai / jaise- tileSu tailam asti' (tiloM meM tela hai) ityAdi / 'upa' samIpa meM, 'zleSa' sambandha (yaha ) ' upazleSa' ( kA artha ) hai / usa ( ' upazleSa' athavA sAmIpya sambandha ) se ( nirdhArita kiyA gayA 'aupazleSika' adhikaraNa hai / isIliye "saMhitAyAm" isa sUtra ke bhASya meM "iko yaraNa. aci" ityAdi sUtroM meM 'zrapazleSika' AdhAra meM saptamI (vibhakti ) " kahI gayI hai / vahA~ ("iko yaraNa, aci" Adi sUtroM meM) 'aj' Adi se 'ik' 1. tulanA karo mahA0 6.1.66; " adhikaraNaM nAma triprakAram -- vyApakam aupazleSikam, vaiSayikam iti / zabdasya ca zabdena ko'nyo' bhisambandho bhavitum arhati anyad ata upazleSAt ? 'iko yaN aci' - aci upazliSTasya iti" / ha0 - mAsam / tulanA karo - mahA0 5.1.66; "" yathaiva hi yat mAse kArya tan mAse bhavaM bhavati / evaM yad api mAse dIyate tad api mAse bhavaM bhavati evaM tahi opazleSikam adhikaraNaM vijJAsyate" / tathA mahA0 udyota TIkA 6.1.72; "ata eva mAse'tikrAnte yad dIyate tasya mAsa aupazleSikam adhikaraNam iti 'tatra ca dIyate 0' iti sUtre mahAbhASye spaSTam" / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 366 Adi kA samopatA hI (abhISTa) hai / (iso prakAra) "tatra ca dIyate kArya bhavavat" isa sUtra ke bhASya meM yaha kahA gayA ki "mAsa ke bIta jAne para jo diyA jAtA hai usakA 'aupazleSika' adhikaraNa mAsa hai" / kaiyaTa ne jo 'kaTe prAste' isa (prayoga) ko 'praupazleSika' ('adhikaraNa') kA udAharaNa kahA hai vaha uparyukta bhASya ke virodha ke kAraNa anucita hai| ina donoM (adhikaraNoM) se bhinna 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa hai| (isake udAharaNa haiM) 'kaTe Aste' (caTAI para baiThatA hai) tathA 'jale santi matsyAH ' (pAnI meM machaliyA~ haiM) ityAdi / 'abhivyApaka' (adhika raNa) se bhinna ('aupazleSika' tathA vaiSayika' (adhikaraNa) gauraNa adhikaraNa hai yaha jAnanA caahiye| yahA~ 'adhikaraNa' ke tIna prakAra mAne gaye haiN| 'adhikaraNa' ke isa trividha vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra hai "saMhitAyAm" (pA0 7.1.72) sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali kA yaha kathana - "adhikaraNaM nAma triprakAram-vyApakam, praupazleSikam, vaiSayikam iti" / "tad asmin adhikam iti dazAntAD Da" (pA0 5.2.45) isa sUtra ke bhASya meM bhI ina tIna adhikaraNoM kA nirdeza milatA hai :-"yadyapi tAvad vyApake vaiSayike vA adhikaraNatve sambhavo nAsti, aupazleSikam adhikaraNaM vijJAsyate - ekAdazaM kArSApaNA upazliSTA asmin zate ekAdazaM zatam" / abhivyApaka :- adhikaraNa ke ina tIna prakAroM meM mukhya adhikaraNa vyApaka athavA 'abhivyApaka' adhikaraNa hai| isakI paribhASA yaha mAnI gayI hai ki "jahA~ aAdhAra ke pratyeka avayava meM prAdheya kI sattA vyApta ho vaha AdhAra abhivyApaka' adhikaraNa hai"| isI 'abhivyApaka' AdhAra ko pataMjali ne nyAyya AdhAra mAnA hai| dra0 -- "adhika raNam AcAryaH kiM nyAyyaM manyate ? yatra kRtsna AdhArAtmA vyApto bhavati / tena ihaiva syAt - 'tileSu tailam', 'dani sapiH" (mahA0 1.3.11) tathA "prAdhAram prAcAryaH kiM nyAyya manyate ? yatra kRtsna AdhArAtmA vyApto bhavati / tena ihaiva syAt --'tileSu tailam', 'dadhina sapi:' (mahA0 1.4.42) / isI kAraNa isa prasaMga ke anta meM svayaM nAgeza ne bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki 'abhivyApaka' pradhikaraNa se bhinna anya jo do adhikaraNa haiM ve gauNa haiM :-"abhivyApakAtirikta gauNam adhikaraNaM bodhyam" / praupazleSika : - 'upazleSa' zabda kA artha nAgeza ne yahA~ sAmIpya sambandha kiyA hai| isa sAmIpya sambandha kI dRSTi se jo AdhAra hai vaha 'aupazleSika' adhikaraNa hai| "saMhitAyAm'' sUtra ke bhASya meM vidyamAna jisa vAkya kI aora nAgeza ne yahA~ saMketa kiyA hai vaha hai :-"zabdasya zabdena ko'nyo'bhisambandho bhavitum arhati anyad ata upazleSAt ? 'iko yA aci upazliSTasya' iti", arthAt --- uparyukta adhikaraNoM meM eka zabda kI dRSTi se dUsare zabda meM kisa prakAra kI AdhAratA ho sakatI hai sivAya 'aupazleSikatA' ke / 'aci' meM saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ata: usakA tAtparya kevala yahI ho sakatA hai ki 'aca' pratyAhAra ke varSoM se 'upazliSTa', arthAta unake samIpa, jo 'ik' pratyAhAra ke varNa / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 370 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-majUSA isI prakAra " tatra ca dIyate 0 " isa sUtra ke bhASya meM bhI yaha kahA gayA ki 'mAsa ke bItane para vetana ke rUpa meM diye jAne vAle anna kI dRSTi se mAsa ( mahInA ) 'zrapazleSika ' gradhikaraNa hai | pataMjali ne Upara ke ina do vaktavyoM meM 'aupazleSika' adhikaraNa ke jo udAharaNa diye haiM unake svarUpa ko dekhate hue 'kaTe grAste' yA 'kUpe gargakulam' jaise prayogoM meM 'pazleSika' AdhAra mAnanA ucita nahIM pratIta hotA kyoMki uparyukta donoM sthaloM meM 'sAmIpya' samvandha-kRta AdhAra kI pratIti nahIM hotI / isIliye nAgeza ne yahA~ kaiyaTa ke isa kathana kA ki 'kaTe prAste' jaise prayoga 'aupazleSika' adhikaraNa ke udAharaNa haiM- khaNDana kiyA hai| isa prakAra, isa grantha ke praNetA kI dRSTi meM 'kaTe grAste ' jaise prayoga viSaya saptamI yA 'vaiSayaka' adhikaraNa ke udAharaNa haiM / parantu bhartRhari kI kArikA : upazleSasya cAbhedas tilAkAzaghaTAdiSu / upakArAt bhidyante saMyoga samavAyinAm // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( vApa0 3.7.146 ) tathA isakI helArAja - kRta vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'kaTe Aste' jaise prayoga bhartRhari ko 'pazleSika' adhikaraNa udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hI abhISTa haiM / dra0"saMyoginaH kaTasya sakala-avayava vyAptyA devadattopazleSo na dRzyate apitu katipaya avayavavyAptyA ityavizeSAd 'aupazleSika : ' iti sAmAnya-saMjJAyA pradhAro'yam ucyate" / nAgeza bhaTTa ne laghumaMjUSA meM 'upa' samIpe, 'ileSa : ' sambandhaH 'upazleSaH / tatkRtam prapazleSikam " isa prasaMga ko anyoM ke mata ke rUpa meM 'kecittu' isa sarvanAma ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai tathA prasaMga ke anta meM, sambhavataH bhartRhari ke mata kA samarthana karate hue, yaha kahA hai ki AdhAra ke kisI eka avayava yA kucha avayavoM meM 'AdhAra kI vidyamAnatA athavA vyApti ko bhI 'upazleSa' kahA jAtA hai / isake udAharaNa hai'kaTe zrAste' ityAdi prayoga / dra0 -- "yat kiMcid zravayavAvacchedena AdhArasya Adheyena vyAptirapyupazleSaH / yathA -- ' kaTe grAste' iti / evam eva gaMgaikadeze tarantISu goSu kUpakadeze sthite garga- kule 'gaMgAyAM gAva:', 'kUpe garga- kulam' ityAdI boddhavyam" ( lama0 pR0 1326-27) / mahAbhASya ( 6.1.172 ) kI apanI udyota TIkA bhI nAgeza bhaTTa ne isI bAta ko nimna zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai :-- " kiMca zleSasya mukhyasya sarvAdhAravyAptirUpasya samIpaM yad AdhArIyaM yat kiMcid gravayava vyAptirUpaM tatkRtam zrapazleSikram / yathA - 'kaTe grAste " / yoM to laghuzabdenduzekhara (guruprasAda - sampAdita 1936, pR0 772-73) meM bhI nAgeza ne palama0 ke isa sthala kI bAta ko hI sarvathA abhinna rUpa meM kahA hai tathA 'kaTe prAste' Adi ko 'aupazleSika' kA udAharaNa nahIM mAnA hai / parantu vahIM matAntara ke rUpa meM use bhI svIkAra bhI kara liyA hai / dra0 - -" yad vA ekadezAvacchedena iSe'pi zleSasya samIpam 'upazleSam' / tatkRtam iti vyutpattyA zrapazleSikatvamityabhiprAyeNa tadudAharaNantat" / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa 371 isa rUpa meM yaha spaSTa hai ki nAgeza bhaTaTa ne laghumaMjUSA, zabdenduzekhara tathA mahAbhASya kI uddyota TIkA meM 'kaTe prAste' jaise prayogoM ko 'praupazleSika' adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa mAnA hai| parantu yahA~ paramala dhumaMjUSA meM unhIM prayogoM ko ve viSaya saptamI kA udAharaNa kyoM mAna baiThe ? --yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM paatii| vaiSiyaka :-'abhivyApaka' tathA 'praupazleSika' prAdhAroM se bhinna aAdhAra ko 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa mAnA gayA hai / 'abhivyApaka' AdhAra meM prAdheya 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatA hai tathA 'aupazleSika' AdhAra meM prAdheya, pUrvokta vivecana ke anusAra, yA to 'sAmIpya' sambandha se rahatA hai prAthavA 'saMyoga' sambandha se rahatA hai| isaliye ina tInoM sambandhoM se bhinna 'viSayatA' sambandha se prAdheya jaba aAdhAra meM rahatA hai to usa AdhAra ko 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| 'viSayAd Agatam vaiSayikam', arthAt 'viSayatA' sambandha se jaba kisI ko AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai taba vahA~ 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa hotA hai| vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaMjUSA meM 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa kI paribhASA karate hue nAgeza ne kahA hai :- "aprApti-pUrvaka-prAptirUpa-saMyogaH", arthAt jahA~ prApti na hote hue bhI prAptirUpa saMyoga kI bAta kahI jAya vaha 'vaiSayika' adhika raNa hotA hai| jaise - 'khe zakunayaH' (AkAza meM pakSiyA~ haiM) / isa prayoga meM AkAza ke avayava vAstavika na hokara kalpita haiM / ata: avayavoM ke sAtha pakSiyoM kA sambandha bhI kalpita hI hai| dra0 -- "khe zakunayaH' ityAdI prakAza-kalpita-deza-sambandhAd vaiSayikatvam' (mahA0 uddyota TIkA 6.1.72) / isI prakAra 'mokSe icchA asti' isa prayoga meM icchA kA mokSa viSaya hai| yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'ka'-bhUta icchA meM vidyamAna sattArUpa kriyA ke prati 'mokSa' viSayatA sambandha se AdhAra haiM / ataH yahA~ bhI 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa hai| yahA~ nAgezabhaTaTa ne 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa ke jo 'kaTe prAste', 'jale santi matsyA :' udAharaNa diye haiM ve vastutaH 'praupazleSika' adhikaraNa ke haiM---yaha nAgeza bhaTaT ne hI vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntalaghumaMjUSA, zabdenduzekhara tathA mahAbhASya kI udyota TIkA meM svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai, yaha Upara dikhAyA jA cukA hai| abhivyApakAtirikta gauraNam adhikaraNam :-ina tInoM adhikaraNoM meM 'abhivyApaka' adhikaraNa hI pramukha yA nyAyya adhikaraNa hai kyoMki usa meM Aveya apane AdhAra ko, 'samavAya' sambandha se, sarvAtmanA abhivyApta karatA hai| isIliye mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne bar3e spaSTa zabdoM meM do bAra kahA --"adhika raNam AcAryaH kiM nyAyyaM manyate ? yatra kRtsna AdhArAtmA vyApto bhvti"| (dra0-mahA0 1.3.11 tathA 1.4.42) / 'praupazleSika' adhika raNa meM yaha vyApti, 'samavAya' sambandha se na ho kara, kucha aMzoM kI dRSTi se 'saMyoga' yA 'sAmIpya' sambandha se hI hotI hai| athavA yadi 'samavAya' sambandha se bhI vahA~ vyApti mAnI jAya to bhI vaha pramukha na ho kara gauNa rUpa se hI rahatI hai| isI prakAra 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa meM kevala 'viSa yatA'sambandha se Adheya AdhAra meM rahatA hai| ata: 'abhivyApaka' adhikaraNa kI pramukhatA tathA 'praupazleSika' aura 'vaiSayika' adhikaraNa kI gauNatA spaSTa hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA [bhAvasaptamI yA satsaptamI kA artha jJApaka-kriyAzraya-vAcakAd utpannAyA: sat saptamyAsa tu kriyAntara-jJApakatvam arthH| tatra anirNIta-kAlikAyA: kriyAyAH nirNIta-kAlikA jnyaapikaa| 'goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH' ityAdau "go-niSTha-dohana-kriyA-jJApita-gamanA zrayaz caitraH" iti bodhaH / jJApaka (anya kriyA ke deza tathA kAla ke bodhaka) kriyA ke prAzraya ke vAcaka (zabda) se utpanna 'satsaptamI' kA to dUsarI kriyA kI jJApakatA artha hai| vahA~ jisake kAla (tathA deza) kA nizcita rUpa se jJAna nahIM hai usa kriyA kA nizcita kAla vAlI kriyA bodha karAtI hai| 'goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH' (gAyoM ko duhate samaya gayA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'gau meM vidyamAna dohana kriyA ke dvArA jJApita gamana (kriyA) kA Azraya caitra" yaha bodha hotA hai| pANini ne "yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam" (pA0 2.3.37) sUtra se jisa saptamI kA vidhAna kiyA hai usI ke artha kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pANini ke isa sUtra kA artha hai 'jisa kriyA se dUsarI lakSita hotI hai usa (kriyAntara-lakSikA) kriyA kA jo Azraya usake vAcaka zabda se saptamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise- 'goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH' jaise prayogoM meM 'go' tathA 'duhyamAna' ye donoM zabda dohana kriyA ke prazraya ke vAcaka haiM / yaha dohana kriyA gamana kriyA ke samaya kA bodha karAtI hai| isaliye ina donoM zabdoM ke sAtha saptamI vibhakti prayukta huii| __ isa sUtra ke 'bhAva-lakSaNam' pada meM jo 'lakSaNa' aMza hai usake artha ko spaSTa karate hue pataMjali ne kahA hai - "na khalvavazyaM tadeva lakSaNaM bhavati yena punaH punalakSyate / sakRd api yan nimittatvAya kalpate tad api lakSaNaM bhavati" / arthAt - 'lakSaNa' zabda yahA~ vyApti-jJAna-sApekSa nahIM hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki-'jisa prakAra dhUAM Aga kA lakSaka yA anumApaka hai usI taraha yadi koI kriyA kisI dUsarI kriyA ko lakSita yA anumita karAye tabhI isa sUtra se saptamI vibhakti hogI' ---yaha artha 'lakSaNa' zabda kA nahIM mAnanA caahiye| yadi aisA hotA taba to kevala 'udayati savitari tamo naSTam (sUryodaya hone para andhakAra naSTa ho gayA), 'dhUme sati vahnirbhavati' (dhue~ ke hone para Aga hotI hai) jaise prayogoM meM hI, isa sUtra ke anusAra, satsaptamI kA prayoga hotA / 'goSu dahyamAnAsa gataH' jaise prayoga, jinameM isa prakAra kI anamApikA kriyA nahIM hai, satsaptamI ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pracalita nahIM ho pAte / yahA~ 'vyApti,' athavA kriyAnumApakatA kA bhUyodarzana nahIM hai ki jaba jaba gAyeM duhI jAtI hai taba taba vaha jAtA hI ho / isa rUpa meM pataMjali ke kathanAnusAra, yahA~ ke 'lakSaNa' zabda se vaha kriyA bhI abhipreta hai jo kevala eka bAra hI dUsarI kriyA kA bodha karAtI hai / isaliye 'goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH' jaise prayogoM meM bhI yaha saptamI prayukta hotI hai| isa prakAra, isa sUtra ke artha ke anusAra, isa 'satsaptamI vibhakti kA artha 'jJApya-jJApaka-bhAva' athavA 'dUsarI kriyA kA jJApana karAnA' hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa jisa kriyA ke deza athavA kAla zrotA ko nizcita rUpa se jJAta haiM usa kriyA kA nirdeza karate hue jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki dUsarI kriyA bhI usI samaya huI to zrotA ko usa dUsarI kriyA ke, jisa ke sthAna athavA kAla kA use jJAna nahIM hai, sthAna yA kAla kA anumAna ho jAtA hai| yahI kriyA kI 'lakSaNatA' hai| dra0-"lakSaNazabda: kriyAnimitta kaH- lakSyate'neneti lakSaNam / yacca nirghAtakAlaM havanAdikam anitikAlasya sakRd api kAla-pariccheda-nimittaM bhavati tat tasya lakSaNam' (mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 2.5.37) / yahA~ 'aniItakAlikAyA:' tathA 'niItakAlikA' ina donoM sthaloM meM 'kAla' zabda 'deza' (sthAna) kA bhI upalakSaNa hai| kAla kA udAharaNa hai-- 'goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH' ityAdi / deza yA sthAna kA udAharaNa hai-'gugo dravyatvam asti' ityAdi / dra0-"nitideza-kAla-kriyA aniti-deza-kAla-kriyAyAH sambandhi-deza-kAla-paricchedakatvena lakSaNam iti bodhyam" (laghumaMjUSA pR0 1331) / [SaSThI vibhakti kA artha] kAraka-prAtipadikArtha-vyatiriktaH sva-svAmi-bhAvAdiH sambandhaH SaSThayA vAcyaH / tatra 'rAjJaH puruSaH' ityAdau SaSThI-vAcya-sambandhasya prAzrayAzrayi-bhAva-sambandhena puruSe' nvyH| 'rAja-nirUpita-sambandhavAn puruSaH' iti bodhAt / 'kAraka' tathA 'prAtipadikArtha' se atirikta 'sva-svAmi-bhAva' Adi sambandha SaSThI (vibhakti) kA artha hai| vahA~ 'rAjJaH puruSaH' (rAjA kA prAdamI) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM SaSTI (vibhakti) ke vAcya (artha) 'sambandha' ('sva-svAmibhAva') kA puruSa meM 'AzrayAzrayibhAva' se anvaya hotA hai kyoMki ('rAjJaHpuruSaH' isa prayoga se) 'rAjA ke sambandha se yukta puruSa' yaha bodha hotA hai / prAcArya pANini ne "SaSThI zeSe" (pA0 2.3.50) sUtra ke dvArA SaSThI vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isa sUtra meM 'zeSa' zabda se, pahale vihita 'kArakArtha' tathA 'prAtipadikArtha' se atirikta, sva-svAmi-bhAva' prAdi sambandha ho abhipreta haiM / isIliye pataMjali ne isa sUtra ke bhASya (2.3.50 pR0 308) meM kahA-"karmAdibhyo ye'nye'rthAH sa zeSaH" / yahA~ pataMjali ke 'karmAdi' zabda meM 'kama' Adi 'kAraka' tathA 'prAtipadikArtha' donoM hI artha saGgrahIta haiN| isaliye ye 'sva-svAmi-bhAva' Adi sambandha hI SaSThI vibhakti ke vAcya artha haiN| tulanA karo-"karmAdibhyo'nyaH prAtipadikArtha-vyatiriktaH sva-svAmi-sambandhAdi: zeSaH" (kAzikA 2.3.50) / udAharaNa ke liye 'rAjJaH puruSaH' isa prayoga meM 'rAjA' zabda ke sAtha jo SaSThI vibhakti AyI hai usakA vAcyArtha hai 'rAjA kA', arthAt 'rAjA rUpa svAmI kA svam' (sampatti), athavA 'sv-svaami-bhaav-smbndh'| yahA~ 'sambandha' puruSa meM Azrita hai| isaliye 'rAjJaH puruSaH' kA artha hai-'rAjA ke sambandha se yukta puruSa', arthAt 'rAjA rUpa svAmI kI puruSa rUpa sampatti' / ___isa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke liye mahAbhASya (2.3.50) meM yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki 'kAraka' tathA 'prAtipadikArtha' se bhinna yA atirikta to koI viSaya hotA hI nhiiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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374 vayAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA 'rAjJaH puruSaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM bhI rAjA 'kartA' hai tathA puruSa 'sampradAna' hai kyoMki 'rAjJaH puruSaH' kahane para yaha bodha hotA hai ki rAjA puruSa ko vetana Adi detA hai aura puruSa use, apanI sevA ke badale meM, letA hai| athavA puruSa 'kartA' hai tathA rAjA 'karma' hai kyoMki 'rAjJaH puruSaH' kahane para kabhI-kabhI yaha artha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki puruSa rAjA kI sevA karatA hai| isa taraha rAjA ko 'kartA' aura puruSa ko 'sampradAna' mAnane athavA puruSa ko 'kartA' aura rAjA ko 'karma' mAnane para 'sva-svAmi-bhAva-sambandha' bana hI nahIM sakatA kyoMki sambandha kA mUla kAraNa hai unameM kisI na kisI kiyA aura kisI na kisI 'kAraka' kI vidymaantaa| jahA~ taka 'sva-svAmi-bhAva' rUpa sambandha kI bAta hai-koI bhI vastu kisI kI apanI sampatti tabhI banatI hai yadi usako kharodA jAya, yA chInA jAya, yA mAMgA jAya, athavA kisI anya vastu ke badale liyA jAya / ina sabhI rUpoM meM 'kama' Adi kAraka' hoMge hii| vastutaH kriyA tathA 'kAraka' sambandha ke kAraNa haiM aura sambandha kArya athavA phala hai| isaliye 'sva-svAbhi-bhAva' Adi sabhI sambandha 'karma' Adi kArakoM se atirikta hoM yaha bAta susaGgata nahIM pratIta hotii| dra0 "ka: 'zeSo' nAma ? karmAdibhyo ye'nye'rthAH sa zeSaH / yadyevaM 'zeSo' na prakalpate / nahi karmAdibhyo'nye'rthAH sambhavanti / iha tAvad 'rAjJaH puruSaH' iti rAjA kartA puruSaH sampradAnam / 'vRkSasya zAkhA' iti vRkSaH zAkhAyA adhikaraNam / tathA yad etat svaM nAma catubhir etat prakAraiH bhavati-krayaNAd, apaharaNAd, yAJcAyAH, vinimayAt / atra sarvatra karmAdayaH santi / evaM tarhi karmAdInAm avivakSA zeSaH (mahA0 2.3.50 pR0 308-10) / isaliye yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki 'sva-svAmi-bhAva-sambandha' yadyapi kriyA tathA kAraka pUrvaka hI rahatA hai phira bhI kArakoM se atirikta rUpa meM vaha SaSThI vibhakti ke dvArA vivakSita hotA hai| isa prakAra kArakoM se bhinna rUpa meM 'sambandha' kA do prakAra se kathana pAyA jAtA hai| pahale prakAra meM kriyA akathita yA azruta rahatI hai| jaise 'rAjJaH puruSaH' Adi prayogoM meM dAna Adi kriyAyeM nahIM kahI gyiiN| yahA~ kriyA ke azruta hone para kriyA-kAraka-sambandha ke dvArA eka anya 'sva-svAmi-bhAva sambandha' kI pratIti hotI hai| dUsare prakAra meM kriyA uccarita yA zruta rahatI hai| jaise-'mAtuH smarati' (mA~ ko yAda karatA hai) / isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM, kiyA-vAcaka zabda ke kathita rahane para bhI, 'karma' Adi kArakoM kI vivakSA na ho kara mAtA smaraNa ke prati vizeSaNa hai-smaraNa 'mAtR-sambandhI hai' - yahI yahA~ vivakSita hai| aise prayogoM meM SaSThI vibhakti kA artha 'vizeSya-vizeSaNa-sambandha' athavA 'viSaya-viSayi-sambandha' hai| isI abhiprAya ko bhartRhari ne nimna kArikA meM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai :-- sambandhaH kArakebhyo'nyaH kriyA-kAraka pUrvakaH / zrutAyAm azra tAyAM vA kriyAyAm abhidhIyate / / (vApa0 3.7.156) ['rAjJaH puruSaH' jaise prayogoM meM, sambandha 'rAjA' tathA 'puruSa' donoM meM hai isaliye, 'rAjJaH' ke samAna, 'puruSa' zabda meM bhI SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga prApta hai--isa zaGkA kA samAdhAna nanu sambandhasya ubhaya-niSThatvAt 'puruSa'-zabdAd api paSTyutpattir astu iti cet ? na / 'rAja-sambandhi-puruSaH' For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka - nirUpaNa 1. 2. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir iti vivakSAyAM rAjazabdAda eva paSThI, "prakRtyarthapratyayArthayoH pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam" iti vyutpatyanurodhAt / granyathA tad - vivakSAyAM 'rAjA puruSasya' iti puruSazabdAt paSThyAM puruSArthaM prati SaSThyarthaM sya vizeSaraNa - tvApattyA vyutpattibhaGa gApatteH / ata eva grAha :bhedya-bhedakayozcaka-sambandho'nyo'nyam iSyate / dviSTho yadyapi sambandhaH SaSThyutpattistu bhedakAt / iti / 'bhedaka:' sambandha-nirUpakaH / 'bhedyaH'nirUpita sambandhAzrayaH / iti SaT kArakAriNa / ('sva-svAmi-bhAva' rUpa ) sambandha ke ( rAjA tathA puruSa ) donoM meM sthita hone ke kAraraNa ('rAjJaH puruSaH ' isa prayoga ke) 'puruSa' zabda se bhI SaSThI vibhakti) honI cAhiye - yadi yaha kahA jAya to vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki "prakRtyartha tathA pratyayArtha meM pratyayArtha kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai" isa vyutpatti (nyAya) ke anurodha se 'rAjA kA sambandhI puruSa' isa prakAra kI vivakSA hone para 'rAjA' zabda se hI SaSThI (vibhakti) hogI ('puruSa' zabda se nahIM) / granyathA ( yadi 'puruSa' zabda se bhI SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai to usa ('rAjA sanbandhI puruSa' isa artha ) kI vivakSA hone para 'rAjA puruSasya ' ( puruSa kA rAjA ) isa (vAkya) meM 'puruSa' zabda se SaSThI vibhakti ke ( prayukta) hone se, 'puruSa' (zabda) artha ke prati SaSThyartha (sambandha ) ke vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa, ( uparyukta) vyutpatti se virodha hotA hai / isIliye kahate haiM : 375 bhedya ( vizeSya) tathA bhedaka (vizeSaNa) donoM meM paraspara eka hI sambandha abhISTa hai / yadyapi sambandha donoM meM rahatA hai parantu bhedaka (vizeSaka) zabda se hI paSThI (vibhakti) kI utpatti hotI hai / yahA~ (kArikA meM ) 'bhedaka' (kA abhiprAya) hai sambandha kA jJApaka (pratiyogI yA vizeSaraNa ) / 'bhedya' ( kA abhiprAya ) hai jJApita sambandha kA Azraya (anuyogI yA vizeSya ) / yaha 6 'kArakoM' viSayaka vivecana samApta huA / yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki rAjA tathA puruSa meM jo 'sva-svAmi-bhAva' sambandha hai vaha rAjA tathA puruSa donoM meM hai, kyoMki sambandha sadA hI do meM rahA karatA hai / eka sambandha kA 'pratiyogI' hotA hai to dUsarA usakA 'anuyogI', eka kA sambandha hotA hai to dusare meM sambandha hotA hai / yahA~ 'rAjA' sambandha kA 'pratiyogI' hai tathA puruSa 'anuyogI' / isaliye, jaba sambandha donoM meM hI rahatA hai to, kevala 'rAjan' ha0 --- tadvyutpatti / ha0 eva / prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM 'nirUpita' nahIM hai / ha0 (2) meM 'tannirupita' -pATha hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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376 vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA zabda ke sAtha hI SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga kyoM hotA hai, kabhI 'puruSa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA niyojana karake 'rAjA puruSasya' prayoga kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA ? tulanA karo : - " yathaiva tarhi rAjani svakRtaM svAmitvaM tatra SaSThI bhavati evaM puruSe'pi svAmikRtaM svatvaM tatra SaSThI prApnoti" (mahA0 2.3.50 ) / prazna kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki yahA~ 'rAjA rUpa svAmI kA puruSa rUpa svam (sampatti ) ' yaha artha vivakSita hai| isaliye isa vivakSA ko prakaTa karane ke liye kevala 'rAjan' zabda ke sAtha hI SaSThI vibhakti A sakatI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki isa sthiti meM hI 'rAjana' zabda ke sAtha AI SaSThI vibhakti rUpa ' pratyaya' kA artha pradhAna athavA vizeSya hogA kyoMki eka paribhASA hai " prakRtyartha- pratyayArthayoH pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam" ( prakRti ke artha tathA pratyaya ke artha meM pratyaya ke artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai) / SaSThI vibhakti pratyaya hai, isaliye usa ke artha - 'sambandha' - meM, 'rAjan' zabda jo prakRti hai usakA artha vizeSaNa hogA / aura yaha 'sambandha' 'puruSa' zabda ke artha ke prati vizeSaraNa banegA | isa prakAra 'rAjJaH puruSa' kA artha hogA- 'rAjA ke sambandha se yukta puruSa' / isa artha ko hI prakaTa karanA vaktA ko yahA~ prabhISTa I parantu yadi 'rAjA puruSasya' isa rUpa meM 'puruSa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA gayA to ulaTI sthiti ho jAyagI / SaSThI vibhakti kA artha 'sambandha', pratyayArtha hone ke kAraNa uparyukta paribhASA ke anusAra, pradhAna athavA vizeSya hogA tathA puruSa, prakRtyartha hone ke kAraNa, vizeSaNa hogA / isa rUpa meM 'puruSa' se viziSTa 'sambandha' 'rAjA' kA vizeSaNa hogaa| ataH 'puruSa ke sambandha se yukta rAjA' yaha artha prakaTa hogA / parantu vaktA ko 'rAjA sambandhI puruSa' isa artha ko prakaTa karanA abhISTa hai / isaliye 'puruSa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA / 'puruSa' zabda ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga to tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba 'puruSa ke sambandha se yukta rAjA' yA 'puruSa kA rAjA' yaha artha vivakSita ho / 'puruSa' zabdAt SaSThyAM'...AApatteH - 'rAjA sambandhI puruSa' isa artha ke vivakSita hone para bhI yadi 'rAjan' ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga na karake 'puruSa' ke sAtha usakA prayoga kiyA gayA to eka vizeSa kaThinAI prAyegI / 'sambandha' SaSThI vibhakti kA artha hai isaliye, pratyayArtha hone ke kAraNa, prakRtyartha 'puruSa' kI apekSA 'sambandha' kI pradhAnatA honI cAhiye, arthAt 'puruSa' vizeSaraNa tathA 'sambandha' vizeSya bananA cAhiye / parantu yahA~ vaktA kI vivakSA meM 'sambandha' vizeSaraNa hai tathA 'puruSa' vizeSya / isa prakAra uparyukta nyAya kA pratikramaNa hotA hai / ata: 'puruSa' zabda se SaSThI vibhakti isa vivakSA meM nahIM zrI sakatI / tulanA karo - "rAjan zabdAd utpadyamAnayA SaSThyA abhihitaH so'rtha iti kRtvA puruSazabdAt SaSThI na bhaviSyati / na tahi idAnIm idaM bhavati 'puruSasya rAjA' iti ? bhavati / rAjazabdAttu tadA prathamA" (mahA0 1.3.50, pR0 315) / isI tathya ko uparyuddhata kArikA "bhedya bhedakAt " meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa kArikA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'bhedya' tathA 'bhedaka' arthAt 'pratiyogI' 'tathA anuyogI' yA dUsare zabdoM meM vizeSaraNa tathA vizeSya donoM meM hI eka sambandha rahatA hai / parantu 'bhedaka' (vizeSaNa) zabda se hI SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai- 'bhedya' se nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka-nirUpaNa ki yadi 'bhedya' (vizeSya) zabda ke sAtha zaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA gayA to vaha zabda 'bhedya' (yA vizeSya) na hokara 'bhedaka' (vizeSaNa) bana jAyagA aura taba vivakSita artha se viparIta artha kI pratIti hone lgegii| ___ isa bAta kA ullekha bhata hari kI bhI nimna kArikA meM milatA hai, jisameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'sambandha' 'parArtha' arthAt dUsare ke liye hote haiN| isaliye 'sambandha' kI sthiti vizeSaNa tathA vizeSya donoM meM hotI haiN| isa rUpa meM ye 'sambandha' 'dviSTha' haiN| phira bhI SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga 'guNa' arthAta vizeSaNa-vAcaka zabda se hI hotA hai| bhartRhari kI kArikA meM jise 'guNa' kahA gayA hai use hI Upara kI kArikA meM 'bhedaka' kahA gayA hai| 'bhedaka', 'guNa' athavA vizeSaNa zabda ke sAtha hI SaSThI bibhakti ke prayukta hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vizeSaNa-vAcaka zabda meM prayukta SaSThI vibhakti ke dvArA 'sambandha' kA jJAna spaSTa rUpa se hotA hai kyoMki usa 'guNa' athavA vizeSaraNa-vAcaka zabda ke dvArA vizeSya rUpa se kahA jAtA huA 'sambandha' pradhAna (vizeSya-bhUta 'puruSa') meM vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM upayukta hotA hai| draSTavya dviSTho'pyasau parArthatvAd guNeSu vytiricyte| tatrAbhidhIyamAnazca pradhAne'pyupayujyate // (vApa0 2.7.157) For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArthaH [mImAMsakoM ke anusAra zabda kI zakti jAti meM hai] atra mImAMsakA:-zabdAnAM jAtau zaktir lAghavAt / vyaktInam aAnantyena tatra zaktau gauravAt / 'nAgRhItavizeSaraNA buddhir vizeSye upajAyate' iti nyAyasya 'vizeSaraNe zaktir vizeSye lakSaNA' iti tAtparyAt / kiMca ekasyAM vyaktau zaktyupadeze vyaktyantare tad-prabhAvena tad-bodhAprasaMgAt / 'gAma pAnaya' ityAdau anvayAnupapattyA tad-yAzraya-lakSakatvena nirvAhazca--- ityAhuH / isa ('nAmArtha' yA prAtipadikArtha ke viSaya meM mImAMsaka vidvAnoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki zabdoM kI (abhidhA) 'zakti' 'jAti' (-rUpa artha ko kahane) meM hai kyoMki aisA mAnane meM lAghava hai| vyaktiyoM ke ananta hone ke kAraNa una (vyaktiyoM) meM zabda ko zakti mAnane meM gaurava hai tathA "nAgRhIta-vizeSaNA buddhir vizeSye upajAyate' (vizeSaNa kA jJAna hue binA vizeSya kA jJAna nahIM hotA) isa nyAya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vizeSaNa' ('jAti ) meM (zabda kI) 'zakti' hotI hai aura 'vizeSya' ('vyakti') meM zabda ko 'lkssnnaa'| isa ke atirikta, eka vyakti' meM (zabda kI) 'zakti' hai yaha kahane para (usI jAti kI) dUsarI vyakti meM (zabda kI 'zakti') kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa, usa ('vyakti') kA jJAna nahIM hogaa| aura 'gAma pAnaya' (gau ko lAmo) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM (sampUrNa gau 'jAti' meM 'Anayana' kriyA kA) anvaya na hone ke kAraNa, ('gAm' pada ko) usa ('jAti') ke Azraya ('vyakti') kA lakSaka mAnane se kAma cala jAtA hai| zabda kI 'vAcakatA' zakti 'jAti' meM mAnI jAya yA 'vyakti' meM athavA, zabda se 'jAti' (padArtha ke asAdhAraNa 'dharma') kA bodha hotA hai yA 'vyakti' (dravya-vizeSa) kA? yaha prazna bahuta prAcIna kAla se calA A rahA hai| mahAbhASya se patA calatA hai ki koI prAcIna vAjapyAyana nAmaka prAcArya zabdoM ko 'jAti' kA vAcaka mAnate the-- "prAkRtyabhidhAnAd vA eka vibhaktau vAjapyAyana:" (mahA0 1.2.64, pR0 125) / isa mata ke viparIta prasiddha AcArya vyADi, jinhoMne sambhavataH eka lAkha vAle mahAn graMtha 1. ha0 ---- taarkikaaH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 376 'saGgraha' kI racanA kI thI, yaha mAnate the ki zabda dravyavizeSa ke bAcaka hote haiM"dravyAbhidhAnaM vyADi:' (mahA0 1.2.64, pR0 131) / isa prakAra eka varga 'jAti' pakSa kA poSaka hai to dUsarA 'vyakti' pakSa kaa| prAcArya pANini ne yathAvasara donoM hI pakSoM ko apanAyA hai| 'jAti' pakSa kI dRSTi se "jAtyAkhyAyAm-'anyatarasyAm" (pA. 1.2.58) sUtra kI racanA prAcArya ne kI tathA 'vyakti' yA 'dravya' pakSa kI dRSTi se "sarUpANAm eka-zeSa eka-vibhaktau" (pA. 1.2.64) sUtra kI racanA usI AcArya ne kii| vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ne bhI 'prAkRti' athavA 'jAti' pakSa kI dRSTi se "prAkRti-grahaNAt siddham' (mahA0, bhAga0 1, pR0 66) athavA "savarNe'raNa-grahaNam aparibhASyam prAkRtigrahaNAd ananyatvam" (mahA0 1.1.68) jaise vArtikoM tathA 'vyakti' pakSa kI dRSTi se "rUpa-sAmAnyAd vA siddham" (mahA0 bhA0 1, pR. 68) jaise vArtikoM kI racanA kii| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI kahA hai ki jAti-vAcaka 'go' Adi zabdoM se 'jAti' bhI kahI jAtI hai tathA 'dravya' yA 'vyakti' bhii| dra0-"evaM hi kazcin mahati gomaNDale gopAlakam AsInaM pRcchati 'astyatra kAJcid gAM pazyasi' iti / sa pazyati 'pazyati cAyaM gAH' pRcchati ca --'kAJcid atra gAM pazyasi' iti / nUnam asya dravya vivakSitam iti / tad yadA dravyAbhidhAnaM tadA bahuvacanam bhaviSyati yadA sAmAnyAbhidhAnaM tadaikavacanam bhaviSyati' (mahA0 1.2.58, pR0 61-62) / atra mImAMsakAH ' gauravAt :-mImAMsaka vidvAn zabdoM kA artha 'jAti' mAnate haiN| isIliye inheM 'jAtizaktivAdI' kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ mImAMsakoM ke mata ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'jAti' rUpa artha meM zabda kI zakti mAnane tathA 'vyakti' rUpa artha meM zabda kI zakti na mAnane meM prathama hetu yahA~ 'lAghava' diyA gayA hai| 'vyaktiyAM' ananta haiM isaliye unakI dRSTi se zabdoM meM ananta vAcakatA zakti kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| parantu 'jAti' meM zabda kI zakti mAnane para, 'jAti' eka hai isaliye, eka 'zakti' se hI kArya cala jAyagA, ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA nahIM karanI pdd'egii| yadi vyaktizaktivAdI yaha kaheM ki eka 'vyakti'-viSayaka 'zakti' se dUsarI 'vyaktiyoM kA bhI bodha mAna liyA jAyagA to go-vyakti-viSayaka 'zakti'-jJAna se azva-vyakti-viSayaka jJAna bhI hone lgegaa| isa prakAra 'vyabhicAra' doSa upasthita hogaa| isaliye yaha mAnanA hogA ki zabda se jisa 'vyakti'-viSayaka zakti kA jJAna hotA hai usase bodha bhI usI 'vyakti' viSayaka hotA hai| isa kAraNa sabhI vyaktiyoM' ke bodha ke liye ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| para yadi zabda kA artha 'jAti' mAnA jAtA hai to 'jAti' ke eka hone ke kAraNa eka prakAra kI 'zakti' mAnane se hI kArya cala jAyagA / nAgahIta.... tAtparyAta :--yadi yaha kahA jAya ki "nAgRhIta-vizeSaNA buddhir vizeSya upajAyate" isa nyAya kI dRSTi se 'vizeSaNa' tathA 'vizeSya', arthAt kramazaH 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti', donoM meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki jaba taka 'vizeSaNa' arthAt (jAti) kA jJAna na ho taba taka 'vizeSya' (vyakti) kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA -yaha siddhAnta upayukta nyAya meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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38. vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isakA uttara, mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi se, yahA~ yaha diyA gayA hai ki, viziSTa jJAna ke prati vizeSaNa' kA jJAna kAraNa banatA hai isaliye, ataraGga athavA pramukha hone ke kAraNa 'vizeSaNa' meM hI zabda kI 'abhidhA' zakti mAnanI caahiye| isa taraha uparyukta nyAya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zabda apanI 'abhidhA' zakti se 'jAti' ko kahatA hai tathA 'vyakti' ko yaha 'lakSaNAvRtti' se kahatA hai| isI bAta ko "vizeSyaM nAbhidhA gacchet kSINazakti vizeSaNe" (kAvyaprakAza, ullAsa 2, kA0 10 kI vRtti meM uddhRta) isa vaktavya meM mImAMsakoM ne spaSTa kiyA hai. jisakA abhiprAya hai ki zabda kI 'abhidhA' zakti to vizeSaNa arthAta 'jAti' ko kahane meM samApta ho jAtI hai--'jAti' ko hI kadra kara vadra virata ho jAtI hai| ata: 'vizeSya' arthAta 'vyakti' ko vaha nahIM kaha paatii| 'vyakti' ke kathana ke liye zabda meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti kI kalpanA karanI cAhiye / kiMca ekasyAM 'nirvAhazcetyAhu :yadi 'vyakti' pakSa ko mAnane vAle yaha kaheM ki eka 'vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane meM bhI gaurava nahIM hai, arthAt ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA nahIM karanI par3egI to usameM kaThinAI yaha hai ki usa sthiti meM zabda se kevala eka hI 'vyakti' kA bodha hogA anya vyaktiyoM' kA bodha nahIM hogaa| jaise 'go' zabda kevala eka 'go vyakti' ko hI kaha sakegA anya 'go vyaktiyoM ko nhiiN| parantu 'jAti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane ke isa mImAMsakoM ke siddhAnta meM eka doSa yaha upasthita hotA hai ki 'gAma prAnaya' jaise prayogoM meM, jahA~ 'vyakti' kA hI bodha abhipreta hai jAti kA nahIM, 'vyakti' kA jJAna kaise hogA ? isakA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA hai ki 'gAma Anaya' jaise sthaloM meM, 'pAnayana' Adi kriyAoM kA anvaya 'jAti' meM asambhava hai / ata:, 'jAti' ke AzrayabhUta 'vyakti' meM 'go' jaise zabdoM kI 'lakSaNA' mAnakara 'vyakti' kA bodha ho jAyA kregaa| isa prakAra 'vyakti'-bodha ke sthaloM meM 'lakSaNA' vatti ke dvArA, 'jAti' kA Azraya 'vyaktiyA~ hI hayA karatI haiM isaliye, svAzrayatva' sambandha se 'vyakti' kA jJAna ho jAyA kregaa| ataH mImAMsakoM ke 'jAti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta meM koI doSa nahIM dikhAI detaa| tulanA karo-"adhikaraNa-gatiH sAhacaryAt / prAkRtAv prArambharaNAdInAM sambhavo nAsti iti kRtvA prAkRti-sahacarite dravye prArambhaNAdIni bhaviSyanti" (mahA0 1.2.64 pR0 138) tathA isa sthala kI pradIpa TIkA- "yathA -- 'agnirAnIyatAm' ityukte kevalasya agner aAnayanAsambhavAn nAntarIyakatvAd acoditam api pAtram AnIyate / etad eva agner prAnayanaM yat pAtrasthasya / tathA prAkRtAv prArambharaNAdIni codyamAnAni sAmarthyAt sAhacaryAd dravyam abhinivishnte| sarva eva AkRteH kriyAyogo'ntarbhAvita-dravyAyA eva iti dravya-dvArakaH smpdyte"| bhartRhari ne bhI "vyaktau kAryANi saMsRSTA jAtistu pratipadyate" (1.68) isa kArikAMza meM isI bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki jisa taraha 'jAti-zakti-vAda' meM 'vyaktiyoM' ke bodha ke liye 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, tathA eka 'vyakti' meM 'lakSaNA' kA Azraya karake hI anya vyaktiyoM' kA jJAna sambhava hai, usI prakAra 'vyaktizakti-vAda' meM bhI vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnate hue, 'lakSaNA' ke dvArA anya 'vyaktiyoM kA jJAna sambhava hai| jisa vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' nizcita mAna lI For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 381 gayI hai usake atirikta sabhI 'vyakiyoM' meM zabda kI 'lakSaNA' mAna kara, zabda kI 'lakSaNA' vRtti se, sabhI 'vyaktiyoM kA bodha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha jaba donoM meM hI 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai to phira 'jAti-zakti-vAda' ko mAnane meM kyA lAghava hai ? ___ isa prazna kA uttara kauNDabhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNasAra meM yaha diyA hai ki zabda kI kisI eka vyakti' meM 'zakti' mAnate hue dUsare anya vyaktiyoM ke liye jisa 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai usameM 'sva-samaveta-prAzrayatva' sambandha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / 'sva' arthAt koI bhI eka 'vyakti' jaise pIlI gAya / usameM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI 'gotva jAti' / usakA Azraya hai anya zveta gau Adi 'vyaktiyA~' / isa prakAra 'vyakti'-vizeSa meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI 'jAti' kI AzrayabhUta anya vyaktiyoM' kA bodha 'gau' jaise zabdoM se sambhava ho pAtA hai / parantu 'jAti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnate hue 'vyakti' ke bodha ke liye jisa 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA prAzraya liyA jAtA hai usameM jisa sambandha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai vaha hai'svAzrayatva' sambandha / 'sva' arthAt 'jAti' / usakA Azraya arthAt 'vyakti' / yaha 'svAzrayatva' sambandha, 'vyakti' pakSa meM kalpita, 'sva-samaveta-pAzrayatva' sambandha kI apekSA, laghu hai-choTA hai| isaliye 'jAtipakSa' meM lAghava hai / dra0- "evaM hi ekasyAm eva vyaktau zaktyabhyupagame vyaktyantare lakSaNAyAM sva-samavetAzrayatvaM saMsarga iti gauravam / jAtyA tu saha Azrayatvameva saMsarga iti lAghavam / (vaibhUsA0, pR0 216-18) / yahA~ mImAMsakoM ke isa 'jAti-zakti-vAda ke siddhAnta meM 'jAti' pada kA abhiprAya padArtha meM rahane vAlA asAdhAraNa 'dharma' athavA zabda kA 'pravRtti-nimitta' hai, na ki nitya evaM aneka meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahane vAlI prasiddha 'jAti' / isIliye 'AkAzatva' 'abhAvatva' Adi meM 'avyApti' doSa nahIM hai| mImAMsakoM ke isa siddhAnta kI dRSTi se pArthasArathi mizra ke nimnAMkita zloka draSTavya haiM : - prAnantya-vyabhicArAbhyAM zaktyanekatvadoSataH / zrAkRteH prathamajJAne tasyA evAbhidheyatA / / vyaktyAkRtyor abhedAcca vyvhaaropyogitaa| liGga-saMkhyAdi-sambandhaH sAmAnAdhikaraNyadhIH / / sarva samaMjasaM hyetad vastvanekAntavAdinaH / lakSaNA vAbhyupetavyA jAtestenAbhidheyatA // (zAstradIpikA 1.3.10.30-35) [mImAMsakoM ke 'jAti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana tathA 'vyakti-zakti'-vAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana] tan na / 'gotvam asti' ityarthe anvayAnupapatyabhAvena 'gaur asti' iti prayoge vyaktibhAnAnApapattaH / 1. ha0-gorasti / 2. ha0 meM 'prayoge vyaktibhAnAnApatta:' ke sthAna para 'pryogaaptt:'| For Private and Personal Use Only

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382 vaiyAkaratA siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vyaktInAm aAnantye'pi zakyatAvacchedaka-jAter upalakSagatvena tad-aikyena ca tAdRza-jAtyupalakSita-vyaktau zaktisvIkAreNa ananta-zakti-kalpanA-viraheNa gauravAt / lakSyatAvacchedaka-tIratvAdivat zakyatAvaccheda kasya avAcyatve dossaabhaavaat| 'nAgahIta'0 iti nyAyasya vizeSaNaviziSTa-vizeSya-bodhe tAtparye'pi tvad-ukta-tAtparyemAnAbhAvAt / jAter upalakSakatvena tad-grAzraya-makalavyakti-bodhena vyaktyantara-bodhAprasaGaga-bhagAcca / tad AhazrAnantye'pi hi bhAvAnAm ekaM ka tvopalakSaNam / zabdaH sukarasambandho na ca vyabhicAraSyati / / iti taMtravArtika 3.1.6.12 / yuktaM hya tatzaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAnakozApta-vAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAd vivRter vadanti sAnnidhyataH siddha-padasya vRddhAH / / ityeteSu zakti-grAhaka-ziromaNir vyavahAro vyaktAv eva zakti grAhayati / gavAdi-padena loke vyakter eva bodhAt / (mImAMsakoM kA) vaha (uparyukta kathana) ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki ('gaura asti' jaise prayogoM meM mImAMsaka-sammata artha) 'gotvam asti' (go jAti hai isa artha) ke anvaya-bodha kI anupapatti na hone ke kAraNa 'gaur asti' isa prayoga meM ('lakSaNA' vRtti ke upasthita na hone se) 'gau vyakti' kA bodha nahIM hogaa| tathA ('vyakti' meM zabda kI zakti mAnate hue vyaktiyoM ke ananta hone para bhI 'zakyatA' ke avacchedaka (arthAt) 'jAti ke' upalakSaNa hone aura usa ('jAti') ke eka hone se, usa prakAra kI (upalakSaNabhUta) 'jAti' se (upalakSita) 'vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane tathA (isa rUpa meM) ananta zattiyoM kI kalpanA na kiye jAne ke kAraNa gaurava (kA doSa) nahIM hai| ('gaMgAyAM ghoSaH' jaise prayogoM meM) 'lakSyatA' ke 'avacchedaka' (paricAyaka) tIratva Adi ke samAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 'zakyatA' ke 'avacchedaka' (zakya artha 'vyakti' ke upalakSaka 'jAti') ko vAcya artha na mAnane para koI doSa nahIM hai / tathA 'nAgahIta.' isa nyAya kA vizeSaNa ('jAti') se viziSTa vizeSya ('vyakti') kA bodha hotA hai" yaha tAtparya to hai para tumhAre (arthAt mImAMsaka) dvArA kahe gaye (isa nyAya ke) tAtparya ("vizeSaraNabhUta 'jAti' ko zabda abhidhA vRtti athavA 'zakti' se kahatA hai tathA 'vyakti' ko 'lakSaNA' vRtti se") meM koI pramANa nahIM hai| isake atirikta 'jAti' ke upalakSaka hone ke kAraNa usake AzrayabhUta sampUNa 'vyaktiyoM' kA bodha ho jAne se, dUsarI vyaktiyoM kA bodha na honA rUpa doSa bhI samApta ho jAtA hai / isa (bAta) ko (nimna kArikA meM) kahate hai : "bhAvoM ('vyaktiyoM') ke ananta hone para bhI eka ('jAti') ko upalakSaNa cinha) banAkara zabda kA (vAcyatArUpa) sambandha sugrAhaya ho jAyagA tathA (sabhI vyaktiyoM' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane ke kAraNa zabda meM) 'vyabhicAra' doSa bhI nahIM aayegaa| yahI ('vyakti-zakti-vAda') mata yukta hai kyoMki 'zakti kA jJAnavyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza, prAptavAkya, vyavahAra, vAkyazeSa, vivaraNa tathA prasiddha padoM kI samIpatA se hotA hai aisA) vidvAn loga kahate haiN'| ina, (zabda kI) 'zakti' ke vodhakoM meM pradhAnabhUta 'vyavahAra' 'vyakti meM hI (zabda kI) 'zakti' kA bodha karAtA hai tathA loka meM 'go' Adi zabda se 'vyakti' kA hI bodha hotA hai| gotvam vyaktibhAnAnApatteH-mImAMsakoM ke 'jAtizaktivAda' ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate hue nAgeza ne yahAM yaha kahA hai ki 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA mUla hai zabda kI 'abhidhA' vRtti se upasthApita artha ke anvaya kA susaMgata na ho pAnA / vastutaH 'lakSaNA' vRtti kA sahArA tabhI liyA jAtA hai jaba zabda ke abhidheya artha kI susaGgati nahIM laga pAtI / dra0 mukhyArtha-bAdhe tad-yukto yayA'nyo'rthaH pratIyate / rUr3ha: prayojanAd vA'so lakSaNAzakti rapitA // (sAhityadarpaNa 2.6) jaise- 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH' (gaMgA meM ahIroM kA ghara hai) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'gaMgA' tathA 'ghoSa' donoM zabdoM ke abhidheya artha kramaza: 'jaladhArA' tathA 'ghara' donoM kI paraspara saMgati na laga pAne ke kAraNa 'gaMgA' zabda meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti mAnI gayI / parantu 'gaurasti' isa prayoga meM 'gau' zabda ke abhidheya artha 'jAti' arthAt 'gotva' ke sAtha 'asti' ke anvaya meM koI anUpapatti yA asaMgati nahIM dikhAI detii| isaliye aise sthaloM meM, 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke upasthita na hone ke kAraNa 'gaurasti' kA 'gau (vyakti) hai' yaha artha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / jaba ki pratIti yahI hotI hai ki 'go (vyakti) hai' yahI artha 'gaurasti' isa vAkya kA hai / gau 'jAti' kI sattA kA bodha isa vAkya se nahIM hotaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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384 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vyaktInAm gauravAt :-Upara 'jAti-zakti-vAda' ke pratipAdana meM, 'vyaktizakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta para AkSepa karate hue, yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane para 'vyaktiyoM', ke ananta hone ke kAraNa, utanI hI ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA karanI par3egI jisameM gauravarUpa doSa upasthita hogaa| isa doSa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue yahAM yaha kahA gayA ki 'vyakti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta meM bhale hI vyaktiyA~ ananta hoM parantu kevala 'vyakti' meM 'zakti' na mAna kara, 'jAti' se upalakSita 'vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnI jAtI hai| isaliye isa pakSa meM bhI ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA nahIM karanI par3atI / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zabda kA 'zakya' athavA abhidheya artha 'vyakti' hai / isaliye isa 'vyakti'-rUpa artha meM 'zakyatA' rahatI hai / isa zakyatA kA 'avacchedaka', (bodhaka yA paricAyaka) hai 'jaati'| isa 'zavayatAvacchedaka' ko hI vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra (pR0 220-221) meM 'sambandhitAvacchedaka' kahA gayA hai / sabhI 'vyaktiyA~', 'jAti' rUpa eka 'dharma' se avacchinna (yukta haiM) isaliye eka 'zakti' ke dvArA hI usa 'zakyatAvacchedaka' jAti kA bodha ho jAyagA / 'jAti' 'vyakti' kA upalakSaka isaliye usa ko 'zakyatA' kA avacchedaka mAnA gyaa| _ 'jAti' ko 'upalakSaka' mAnane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki apane AzrayabhUta sabhI 'vyaktiyoM' ko 'zakti' kA viSaya banA kara svayaM 'zakti' athavA bodha kA viSaya na bananA / jaise-jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki sapheda kapar3e vAlA devadatta hai to sapheda kapar3oM se upalakSita devadatta kA bodha hotA hai| parantu 'devadatta' pada se jisa abhidheya artha kA jJAna hotA hai usameM zvetavastratA kA jJAna nahIM hotA / athavA jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'jisa ghara para kaunA baiThA hai vaha devadatta kA ghara hai' to yahAM kaunA apane se upalakSita devadatta ke ghara ko anyoM se pRthak karake usa kA bodha karA detA hai| isI prakAra 'jAti' apane AthayabhUta 'vyakti' kA, use anyoM se pRthaka karake, bodha karA detI hai| ___ lakSyatA... -- doSAbhAvAt :-yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki jaba 'jAti' se upalakSita 'vyakti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnI jAtI hai to phira to 'jAti' bhI zabda kA vAcya yA abhidheya artha ho jAegI kyoMki svayaM zakya athavA vAcya bana kara hI 'jAti' dUsare zakya artha 'vyakti' kA upalakSaNa karA sakatI hai| ___ isakA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA ki jisa prakAra 'gaMgAyAM ghoSaH' jaise prayogoM meM lakSyabhUta artha 'tIra' ke 'avacchedaka' 'tIratva' ko lakSya artha nahI mAnA jAtA, kevala 'tIra' ko hI lakSya artha mAnA jAtA hai, athavA jaise ghaTa kA kAraNa na hote hue bhI 'daNDatva' ghaTa kI 'kAraNatA' kA 'pravacchedaka' banatA hai usI prakAra, yahA~ 'zakyatA' ke 'avacchedaka' yA 'upalakSaka' 'jAti' ko zabda kA zakyArtha yA vAcyArtha mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, arthAt binA zakyArtha bane bhI 'jAti' apane prAzrayabhUta 'vyakti' kA upalakSaka bana sakatI hai| ataH 'jAti' meM zabda kI 'zakti' mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa rUpa meM 'jAti' me upalakSita 'vyakti' meM zabda kI zakti' mAnane ke kAraNa ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA karane kA doSa bhI nahIM aataa| bhartahari ne apanI nimna kArikA meM inhIM bAtoM kA samarthana kiyA hai : pradhra veraNa nimittena devadatta-gRhaM ythaa| gRhItaM gRha-zabdena zuddham evAbhidhIyate / / (vApa0 3.2.3) For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 385 isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra helArAja ne kahA hai - "ado devadattasya gRhaM 'yatrAso kAkaH prativasati' ityatra aniyata-svAmika-gRhopalakSaNAya upalakSaNabhUtasya kAkasya utpatite'pi tasmin upalakSaNasya kRtatvAt adhra vatvam anityam iti tad-anAdareNaiva tad-upalakSitaM gRham abhidhIyate 'gRha'-zabdena yathA, tathA prakRta-sambadhAd asatyopAdhyupalakSitaM satyam, upAdhirUpAnAdareNa, zabdair abhidhiiyte"| ___ arthAt jisa prakAra 'kAkavad devadattasya gRham' isa vAkya meM 'upalakSaNIbhUta kAka se viziSTa gRha' vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM jJAta nahIM hotA hai, apitu zuddha gRha kA hI abhidheyArtha ke rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra asatya (avyavahArya) 'upAdhi' (jAti) se upalakSita satya (vyavahArya 'vyakti') rUpa artha hI, zabdoM ke dvArA, 'upAdhi' yA upalakSaka (jAti) ke binA hI, 'abhidhA' vRtti se kahA jAtA hai / pataMjali ne "kutsite' (pA0 5.3.74) sUtra ke bhASya meM eka kArikA uddhata kI hai-"svArtham abhidhAya zabdoM nirapekSaM dravyam pAha samavetam' / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki svArtha ('jAti') ko kaha kara zabda, usa svArtha se nirapekSa hokara, usase samaveta (sambaddha) dravya ('vyakti') ko kahatA hai| yaha to ThIka hai ki yahA~ 'svArtha' pada kA abhiprAya 'jAti' hai, parantu yahA~ bhI bhAva yahI hai ki zabda apane abhidheya 'dravya' ('vyakti') ko kahane se pUrva upalakSaNIbhUta 'jAti' se 'vyakti' ko upalakSita kara letA hai| yadi 'abhidhAya' pada kA "abhidhA' vatti se 'kaha kara" yaha artha kiyA jAya to 'ktvA' pratyaya kA artha sarvathA asaGagata ho jAegA kyoMki zabda se hone vAle bodha meM aisA koI krama pratIta nahIM hotA jisameM pahale 'jAti' kahI jAya aura phira usake bAda 'vykti'| apane prAzraya se rahita 'jAti' kA bodha pahale ho bhI kaise sakatA hai ? nAgRhIta....."aprasaMGgabhaGgAcca :- jAti-zakti-vAdI mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi se 'nAgRhIta-vizeSaNA buddhir vizeSya upajAyate' isa nyAya kA jo artha Upara diyA gayA-ki 'vizeSaNa', ('jAti'), meM zabda kI 'abhidhA' zakti hai tathA 'vizeSya', ('vyakti'), meM usakI 'lakSaNA' hai-vaha isa nyAya kA tAtparya nahIM hai / kyoMki isa artha kI puSTi meM mImAMsakoM ne koI pramANa prastuta nahIM kiyA / vastutaH isa nyAya kA tAtparya to yaha hai ki 'jAti' rUpa 'vizeSaraNa' (upalakSaNa) se viziSTa (upalakSita) 'vyakti' rUpa 'vizeSya' (upalakSya) kA bodha hotA hai arthAt 'jAti' se anupalakSita 'vyakti' kA bodha nahIM hotaa| ___ 'jAti' ko zabda kA vAcyArtha na mAnate hue bhI, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, use 'vyakti' kA upalakSaka mAnA jAtA hai / isaliye, 'jAti' ke dvArA usake AzrayabhUta 'vyakti' mAtra ke upalakSita hone ke kAraNa, zabda kI 'vyakti' meM zakti mAnane para bhI zabda se una una abhipreta sabhI, vyaktiyoM kA bodha ho jaayegaa| ata: "vyaktyantare tadabhAvena tad-boghAprasaGgAt" yaha doSa bhI, jo jAtizakti-vAdiyoM ke dvArA vyakti-zakti-vAdiyoM ke pakSa meM diyA gayA, nirAkRta ho jAtA hai| tavAha ...."vyabhicariSyati iti :-'vyakti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta ke samarthana meM kumArila bhaTTa ke hI eka zloka ko, nAgezabhaTTa ne yahAM, pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta For Private and Personal Use Only

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386 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kiyA hai / isa kArikA meM 'bhAva' kA abhiprAya hai ghaTa Adi 'vyakti', jise vyaktizakti-vAdI vAcya mAnatA hai| ye 'bhAva' yA 'vyaktiyA~' yadyapi aneka yA ananta haiM / parantu inameM anugata athavA vyApta 'asAdhAraNa dharma' ('jAti', 'dravya', 'guNa', 'kriyA' rUpa pravRtti-nimitta) jo sabhI 'vyaktiyoM' kA upalakSaNa hai, eka hai| isaliye, usake eka hone ke kAraNa, 'vyakti-zakti-vAda' meM bhI zabda kI kevala eka hI 'zakti' mAnane se kAma cala jAyegA-ananta 'vyaktiyoM' kI dRSTi se ananta 'zaktiyoM' kI kalpanA nahIM karanI pdd'egii| aura 'go' Adi zabdoM meM vidyamAna 'vAcakatA zakti', 'sambandha' tathA 'zakya' artha saba kA AsAnI se jJAna ho jaayegaa| isake atirikta, 'jAti' kevala svAzrayabhUta sabhI vyaktiyoM' kA upalakSaraNa karAyegI, anya-jAtIya 'vyakti' kA upalakSaNa nahIM kraayegii| isaliye, anya-jAtIya 'vyaktiyA~ zakti graha kA viSaya nahIM bneNgii| isa kAraNa 'go' zabda se azva 'vyakti' kA bodha honA rUpa 'vyabhicAra' doSa bhI nahIM upasthita hotaa| yukta tat .. bodhAt : - 'vyakti-zakti-vAda' ke samarthana meM eka aura prabala hetu yahA~ yaha prastuta kiyA gayA ki 'zakti' ke bodhaka hetuoM meM pramukhatama hetu, 'lokavyavahAra', bhI 'vyakti' meM hI 'zakti' kA bodha karAtA hai / isa prasaGaga meM nAgeza bhaTTa ne 'zakti' ke bodhaka vibhinna hetuoM ke pradarzanArtha eka zloka uddhata kiyA hai / isa zloka meM zakti-bodha ke ATha hetu ginAye gaye haiN| ye hetu haiM--vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza, Apta-vAkya, vyavahAra, vAkyazeSa, vivaraNa tathA prasiddha pada kI smiiptaa| vyAkaraNa-jaise 'pAcaka' meM 'paJ' dhAtu kA artha 'pAka' hai tathA 'ela' (ka) pratyaya kA artha 'kartA' hai / isaliye 'pAcaka' zabda kA artha hai 'pakAne vaalaa'| yaha bodha vyAkaraNa se hotA hai| upamAna-jaise 'gavaya' ko na jAnane vAle vyakti ko, 'gaura iva gavaya:' (gAya ke samAna gavaya hotA hai) isa prakAra ke 'upamAna' se 'gavaya' zabda ke zakya artha kA jJAna hotA hai| koza-koza ke vacanoM se aneka ajJAta artha vAle zabdoM ke abhidheya artha kA jJAna hotA hai| prApta-vAkya-'prApta' arthAt jo parama vidvAn tathA sadA satyabhASI manuSya haiM unake vacanoM se bhI ajJAta zabdoM ke arthoM kA jJAna hotA hai / ___ vyavahAra-vyavahAra' kA abhiprAya hai bhASA ke aneka zabdoM kA, apane se bar3e logoM dvArA kiye gaye, prayoga / choTA zizu sarvaprathama apane se bar3e, pitA, mAtA Adi ke dvArA kiye gaye zabda-prayogoM ko suna kara unake arthoM kA jJAna karatA hai / ataH isa prakAra kA prayogarUpa 'vyavahAra' bhI zabda kI 'zakti' kA bodhaka hai| ___ vAkya-zeSa-apUrNa vAkya meM Avazyaka pada ke adhyAhAra se bhI artha-jJAna hotA hai / jaise-'dvAram' (daravAjA) kahane para 'pidhehi' (banda karo) pada ke adhyAhAra se hI usake artha kA jJAna ho pAtA hai| isa prakAra ke vAkya-zeSa bhI zabda kI 'zakti' ke jJAna meM hetu haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 387 vivaraNa-'vivaraNa' arthAt vyAkhyA yA vizleSaNa / 'caitra: pacati' (caitra pakAtA hai) isa prayoga kA vivaraNa huA "caitra hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI viklitti rUpa 'phala' ke anukUla 'vyaapaar'"| ataH isa 'vivaraNa' se yahA~ 'vyapAra'-pradhAna artha kA jJAna huA / isI prakAra anya sthaloM meM bhI 'vivaraNa' zakti-bodha meM hetu bana sakatA hai| prasiddha pada kI samIpatA :-jaise 'sahakAre kUjati pikaH' (Ama ke per3a para koyala bola rahI hai) isa prayoga meM 'sahakAra' zabda, jo Amra vRkSa ke liye prasiddha hai, kI samIpatA se aneka artha vAle 'pika' zabda kI 'zakti' kA nirNayAtmaka jJAna huaa| ina sabhI 'zakti'-jJApaka hetuoM meM 'vyavahAra' hI vyApaka, pramukha evaM pradhAnatama hetu hai-usameM prAyaH anya sabhI hetu samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| yaha 'vyavahAra' rUpa hetu isa bAta meM parama pramANa hai ki zabdoM kI 'zakti' 'vyakti' meM hotI hai 'jAti' meM nahIM kyoMki prAyaH 'vyakti' ke bodha ke liye hI 'gau' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tathA ina se 'go' Adi 'vyakti' kA hI bodha bhI hotA hai / para zabdoM se, 'vyakti' ke bodha ke sAtha hI, 'jAti' kA bodha bhI isaliye ho jAtA hai ki 'vyakti' tathA 'jAti' donoM eka dUsare ke binA raha hI nahIM skte| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM meM avinAbhAva sambandha hai| isa prakAra 'jAti' se upalakSita 'vyakti' meM hI zabda kI 'zakti' mAnanA a sammata pakSa hai| vistutaH 'jAti'-viziSTa vyakti' athavA 'vyakti'-viziSTa 'jAti' hI zabda kA vAcya artha hotA hai] vastutastu "nahyAkRti-padArthakasya' dravyaM na padArthaH" iti "sarUpa0" (pA0 1.2.64)-sUtra-bhASyAd viziSTam eva vAcyam / tathaiva anubhavAt / anubhava-siddhasya apalApA narhatvAcca / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki "prAkRti' ko pada (zabda) kA (vAcya) artha mAnane vAle (vidvAnoM) ke mata meM pada kA artha 'dravya' ('vyakti') nahIM hai yaha (abhipreta) nahIM hai" isa, "sarUpANAm eka-zeSa-eka vibhaktiau " sUtra ke bhASya (meM pataMjali ke kathana) se viziSTa (arthAt 'jAti se viziSTa 'vyakti' athavA vyakti se viziSTa 'jAti)' hI (zabda kA) vAcya hai kyoMki (zabda prayoga se) vaisA hI anubhava hotA hai tathA anubhava-siddha bAta ko na mAnanA anucita hai| yahA~ nAgeza bhaTaTa ne Upara ke donoM siddhAntoM kA samanvaya karate hue isa vivAda kA upasaMhAra kiyA hai / 'jAti-zakti-vAda', ke siddhAnta meM bhI 'vyakti' kA sarvathA niSedha rahatA ho aisI bAta nahIM hai aura na 'vyakti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta meM 'jAti' kA hI sarvathA niSedha rahatA hai / apitu ina donoM siddhAntoM meM ina donoM hI tattvoM kI sattA mAnanI 1. ha.--.AkRtipadArthakasya zabdasya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 388 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA par3atI hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki 'jAti-zakti-vAda' ke siddhAnta meM 'jAti' 'vizeSya' thavA pradhAna hotI hai tathA 'vyakti' gauNa / isI prakAra 'vyakti - zakti - vAda' ke siddhAnta meM 'vyakti' 'vizeSya' (pradhAna) tathA 'jAti' gauraNa rahatI hai / donoM siddhAntoM meM 'jAti tathA 'vyakti' donoM kI anivArya sattA mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'vyakti' binA 'jAti' ke raha hI nahIM sakatI, tathA 'jAti' bhI binA vyakti ke nahIM raha sakatI / 'jAti' 'vyakti' meM 'samavAya' sambandha se rahatI hai kyoMki 'jAti' kA grAzraya athavA AdhAra hI 'vyakti' hai / isaliye jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'brAhmaNo na hantavyaH' (brAhmaNa nahIM mArA jAnA cAhiye) to yahA~ 'jAti' rUpa ekatA kA jJAna svataH hotA hai, parantu brAhmaNa rUpa artha kA 'hanana' kriyA meM anvaya 'vyakti' ke jJAna ke dvArA hI sambhava hai / isI prakAra 'vyakti'pradhAnatA ke siddhAnta meM kabhI kabhI 'AkRti' kI ekatA ke AdhAra para eka vacana kA prayoga hotA hI hai / jaise - 'gaurna hantavyA ' (gAya nahIM mArI jAnI cAhiye) ityAdi prayoga / yahA~ pataMjali kA pUrA vaktavya nIce uddhRta hai :-' - "nahyAkRti-padArthakasya dravyaM na padArthaH dravya-padArthakasya vA prAkRtirna na padArtha: / ubhayor ubhayaM padArthaH / kasyacittu kiMcit pradhAnabhUtaM kicid guNabhUtam / prAkRti-padArthakasya prAkRtiH pradhAnabhUtA dravyaM guNabhUtam / dravya-padArthakasya dravyaM pradhAnabhUtaM prAkRtir guNabhUtA" ( mahA0 1.2.64 ) / isa prakAra ke vividha vAdoM kA bhartRhari ne nimna kArikA meM bar3e sundara DhaMga se samanvaya kiyA hai : www.kobatirth.org bhinnaM darzanam zrAzritya vyavahAro'nugamyate / tatra yanmukhyam ekeSAM tatrAnyeSAM viparyayaH // 1. 2. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir [ 'prAtipadika' athavA 'nAma' zabdoM kA artha, 'jAti' tathA 'vyakti' ke sAtha sAtha 'liGga' bhI hai ] ha0 - te / ha0, vaMmi0 - kezabhagAdi / ( vApa0 1.74) liGgam api nAmArthaH / pratyayAnAM dyotakatvAt / anyathA 'vAg', 'upAnad' prAdi-zabdebhya ' iyaM tava' vAg' iti strItva - bodhAnApatteH / 'grayam' iti vyavahAra - viSayatvaM puMstvam | 'iyam' iti vyavahAra- vipayatvaM strItvam / 'idam ' iti vyavahAra viSayatvaM klIbatvam iti vilakSaNaM zAstrIyaM strIpunnapuMsakatvam / ata eva khaTvAdizabda vAcyasya stana - kezAdimattvarUpa-laukika-strItvAbhAve'pi tad-vAcakAt 'TAp' Adi-pratyayaH / 'liGga' bhI 'nAma' ('prAtipadika') zabdoM kA artha hai kyoMki ('TA' Adi) pratyaya ( 'liGga' ke) dyotaka hote haiM (vAcaka nahIM) / anyathA (yadi For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 386 ina 'TApa' Adi pratyayoM ko 'liGga' kA vAcaka mAnA jAya to) 'vAk', 'upAnat' Adi zabdoM se ('TAp' Adi pratyayoM ke abhAva meM) 'iyaM tava vAk' (yaha tumhArI vANI hai) isa taraha kA 'strIliGgatA' kI bodha nahIM ho sktaa| 'ayam' isa (zabda) ke vyavahAra kA viSaya bananA 'pulligatA' hai| 'iyam' isa (zabda) ke vyavahAra kA viSaya bananA 'strIliGgatA' hai tathA 'idam' isa (zabda) ke vyavahAra kA viSaya honA 'napusakaliMgatA' hai| isa rUpa meM (vyAkaraNa) zAstra meM svIkRta pustva, strItva tathA napusakatva (loka meM prasiddha pustva, strItva tathA napusakatva se) vilakSaNa haiN| isIliye, 'khaTvA' Adi zabdoM ke vAcya artha kA stana, keza Adi se yukta honA rUpa laukika strItva ke abhAva meM bhI, ina zabdoM se 'TAp' Adi pratyaya hote haiM / ___'prAtipadika' zabda 'jAti' ke vAcaka haiM yA 'vyakti' ke vAcaka haiM athavA 'jAti'viziSTa vyakti' ke vAcaka haiM isa bAta kI vivecanA karane ke pazcAt yahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'liMga' bhI ina 'prAtipadika' zabdoM kA hI vAcya artha hai / 'TAp' Adi pratyaya to kevala isa bAta kA dyotanamAtra karate haiM ki yaha zabda 'strIliMgatA' kA vAcaka hai| isIliye 'vAka', 'upAnat' ityAdi zabdoM se bhI, jinameM koI bhI 'strI-pratyaya' nahIM hai--'strIliMgatA' kA jJAna hotA hai / yadi 'strI-pratyayoM' ko hI 'strIliMgatA' kA vAcaka mAnA jAye to ina zabdoM ke prayoga meM 'strIliMgatA' kI pratIti nahIM honI caahiye| isake atirikta pANini ke aneka sUtroM se yaha dhvani nikalatI hai ki ve 'prAtipadika' zabdoM ko hI 'liMga' kA bhI vAcaka mAnate haiN| jaise- "svamor napusakAt" (pA0 7.1.23) sUtra meM 'napusakAt' pada kA artha hai "napu saka' artha ke vAcaka zabda se" tathA "hasvo napaMsake prAtipadikasya" (pA0 1.2.47) sUtra kA artha hai " nasaka' artha ke vAcaka 'prAtipadika' zabda kaa"| dra0 -- "arthadharmatvAl liGa gasya napuMsakArthAbhidhAyitvAd asthyAdayo napaM saka-zabdena abhidhIyante' (mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 7.1.26) / isI prakAra "rAtrAhAhA: pusi ca" (pA0 2.4.26), "napusakasya jhalacaH" (pA0 7.1.72), "prAGo nA striyAm" (pA0 7.3.120), "tasmAc chaso naH pusi" (pA0 6.1.101) jaise sUtroM se bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai kyoMki inameM 'pusi', 'striyAm' tathA 'napusakasya' padoM kA yahI artha hai ki 'puliMga' ke vAcaka, 'strIliMga' ke vAcaka, tathA 'napusaka liMga' ke vAcaka prakRtibhUta 'prAtipadika' shbd| yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jitane bhI 'strI-pratyaya' kA vidhAna karane vAle sUtra haiM unameM 'adhikAra' ke rUpa meM pANini kA "striyAm" (pA0 4.1.2) sUtra upasthita hotA hai| jisake kAraNa una sUtroM kA artha ho jAtA hai "strIliMga meM vartamAna athavA 'strIliMgatA' ke vAcaka --una una 'prAtipadika' zabdoM se ve ve strI pratyaya hote haiM" / "prAtipadikArtha-liGga-parimANa-vacanamAtre prathamA' (pA0 2.3.46) sUtra ke 'liMgamAtre prathamA' aMza kA bhI yahI artha karanA cAhiye ki "liMga' ke vAcaka 'ke rUpa meM vidyamAna jo zabda usase 'prathamA' vibhakta hotI hai", arthAt 'prAtipadikArtha meM hI 'liMga' artha kA bhI samAveza mAnanA caahiye| anyathA yadi 'prathamA' vibhakti kA artha 'liGga' mAnA gayA to isa bAta kA uttara denA hogA ki 'ghaTena' ityAdi anya vibhaktiyoM se yukta prayogoM meM 'puliMgatA' kI pratIti kyoM hotI hai ? ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki 'prAtipadika' zabda ke vAcya artha meM 'liMgatA' bhI samAviSTa hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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360 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA _ 'ramA' Adi strI pratyayAnta zabdoM meM bhI 'TApa' Adi strI-pratyayoM ko 'strIliMgatA' kA dyotaka hI mAnanA cAhiye / ina pratyayoM meM 'strIliMgatva' kI vAcakatA kI pratIti to kevala isa kAraNa hotI hai ki "prakRtyartha-pratyayArthayoH pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam" isa paribhASA ke anusAra yahAM pratyaya se dyotya artha kI pradhAnatA mAnI jAtI hai / vilakSaNaM zAstrIya strIpunnapuMsakatvam :-'striyAm' (pA0 4.1.2) sUtra ke bhASya meM laukika 'strItva', 'pustva' tathA 'napusakatva' kI pahacAna ke rUpa meM nimna zloka uddhRta hai : stanakezavatI strI syAt lomazaH puruSaH smRtH| ubhayor antaraM yacca tadabhAve napuMsakam // stana tathA keza se yukta strI, loma se yukta puruSa tathA jisameM donoM cinhoM kA abhAva ho aura sAtha hI strI puruSa donoM kI sadRzatA ho vaha napuMsaka hai| parantu yaha laukika pahacAna zabdoM meM bhalA kaise mila sakatI hai| khaTvA tathA vRkSa prAdi zabdoM meM uparyukta 'strItva' tathA 'pustva' kahA~ hai ? isI liye "svamor napusakAt" (pA0 7.1.23) sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali ne kahA- "na hi napusakaM nAma zabdo'sti" / isI kAraNa vyAkaraNa meM laukika 'liMga' kA AzrayaNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| dra0-"tasmAn na vaiyAkaraNaH zakyaM laukikaM liMgam AsthAtum" (mahA0 4.1.2 pR0 25) vastutaH vaktA kI vivakSA ke anusAra jaba zabda una una 'liMgoM' ke bodhaka ke rUpa sthira evaM nizcita ho jAte haiM to unheM vaiyAkaraNa bhI unhIM unhIM liMgoM vAlA mAna letA hai| isIliye AcArya kAtyAyana ne kahA-"liMgam aziSyaM lokAzrayatvAt liMgasya" (mahA0 4. 1. 2) / bhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI isI dRSTi se kahA-"saMstyAna-vivakSAyAM strI, prasavavivakSAyAM pumAn, ubhayor avivakSAyAM napuMsakam" (mahA0 4.1.2, pRSTha 26), arthAt rUpa, rasa, Adi athavA sattva, raja, tama Adi guNoM ke tirobhAva kI vivakSA meM 'strI', AvirbhAva kI vivakSA meM 'puruSa'; athavA prAdhikya kI vivakSA meM 'pustva' tathA apacaya kI vivakSA meM 'strItva' aura donoM ke abhAva kI vivakSA meM 'napuMsaka' liMga kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa taraha 'liMga'-prayoga, vivakSA ke AdhIna hotA hai / isaliye, eka hI padArtha ke liye 'ayaM padArthaH' 'iyaM vyaktiH ' tathA 'idaM vastu' isa rUpa meM tathA 'taTa' Adi aneka zabdoM kA 'taTaH', 'taTI', 'taTam' ityAdi ke rUpa meM tInoM liMgoM kA vyavahAra hotA hai / isa prasaMga meM 'vivakSA' ke abhiprAya ko spaSTataH samajhane ke liye bhartRhari kI nimna kArikA draSTavya hai : bhAvatattvadRzaH ziSTAH zabdArtheSu vyvsthitaaH| yadyad dharme'GgatAmeti liGgaM tattat pracakSate // (vApa0 3. 13. 27) bhAvoM (padArtho) ke tattva ko jAnane vAle ziSTa (prApta) jana hI zabda, artha Adi ke nizcaya karane meM pramANa haiN| unakI dRSTi meM zabdoM ke prayoga meM jo jo liMga dharma meM nimitta For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 361 banatA hai vaha vaha liMga usa zabda kA hotA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa jisa liGga ke sAtha ve loga zabda-prayoga karate haiM vahI vahI liGga usa usa zabda kA nirdhArita ho jAtA hai| [saMkhyA' athavA 'vacana' bhI 'prAtipAdika' zabdoM kA artha hai] saGkhyApi nAmArthaH, vibhaktInAM dyotakatvAt / ata eva "grAdijiTuDavaH" (pA0 1. 3.5) iti sUtre 'yAdiH' iti bahutve ekavacanam / vAcyatve'nvayavyatirekAbhyAM 'jasam' vinA nAmArtha-bahutva-pratItyabhAvApatteH / 'saMkhyA' ('ekavacana', dvivacana' 'bahavacana') bhI 'nAma' (zabdoM) kA artha hai kyoMki ('su' Adi) 'vibhaktiyAM' ('ekatvAdi' artho kA) dyotana (mAtra) karatI haiM (kathana nhiiN)| isIliye 'prAdir triduDuvaH' isa sUtra meM 'pAdiH' isa (pada) meM 'bahatva' ke dyotana ke liye ('bahuvacana' kA prayoga na karake) 'ekavacana' kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| ('saMkhyA' artha ko) 'vibhaktiyoM' kA vAcya mAnane para 'anvaya-vyatireka' ke dvArA 'jas' (vibhakti) ke binA ('Adi' isa) 'nAma' (zabda) ke artha meM 'bahutva' kI pratIti nahIM honI cAhiye / vaiyAkaraNa 'jAti', 'vyakti' tathA 'liMga' ke sAtha sAtha 'saMkhyA', arthAt 'ekavacana', 'dvivacana', 'bahuvacana' rUpa artha, ko bhI 'nAma' (prAtipadika) zabdoM kA hI artha mAnate haiN| 'su' Adi 'vibhaktiyoM' ko to una una 'ekatva' Adi arthoM kA, usI prakAra kevala dyotaka mAnA jAtA hai, jisa prakAra 'pra' Adi upasargoM ko vibhinna dhAtvarthoM kA dyotakamAtra mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra. 'vibhaktiyAM' saMkhyA kA kevala dyotanamAtra karatI haiN| isaliye, kabhI kabhI ina 'vibhaktiyoM' ke prayoga ke binA bhI 'ekatva' Adi arthoM kI pratIti sIdhe zabda se hI ho jAyA karatI hai| jaise- 'dadhi', 'madhu' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'vibhakti' ke prayoga ke binA hI 'ekatva' artha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM dvArA lupta 'vibhaktiyoM' ke smaraNa se 'saMkhyA' kA jJAna hotA hai kyoMki jinheM vibhakti' ke lopa aAdi kI prakriyA kA jJAna nahIM hai unheM bhI isa taraha ke prayogoM se 'ekatva' Adi 'saMkhyA' kA jJAna hotA hI hai| isIliye pANini ke "prAdijiTuDavaH" (pA0 1. 3. 5) isa sUtra meM 'bahuvacana' ke artha meM ekavacanAnta 'AdiH' zabda kA prayoga susaGgata hotA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki 'bahutva'rUpa artha 'jas' vibhakti kA apanA vAcya artha hai to isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki jaba 'jas' vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAe tabhI 'bahutva' artha kI pratIti ho tathA 'jas' ke prayoga na hone para usa artha kI pratIti na ho / isa prakAra ke kramazaH 'anvaya' (jisake hone para jo ho-'yat-sattve yat-sattvam) tathA 'vyatireka' (jisake na hone para jo na ho-'yad-abhAve yad-abhAvaH') ke AdhAra para pANini ke "prAdibiMduDavaH" sUtra meM bhI, 'jas' vibhakti ke prayoga ke abhAva meM 'bahutva' artha kI pratIti nahIM honI caahiye| For Private and Personal Use Only

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362 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA parantu sUtra ke 'Adi:' zabda se bhI 'bahutva' artha kI pratIti hotI hI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki 'Adi:' pada meM 'bahutva' artha 'jas' vibhakti kA na ho kara 'pAdi' isa 'prAtipadika' zabda kA hai| 'su' vibhakti to kevala isa bAta kA dyotana karatI hai ki yahAM 'Adi' zabda apane 'pAdi' artha ke sAtha sAtha 'bahutva' artha kA bhI vAcaka hai / parantu naiyAyikoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki 'saMkhyA' kI dRSTi se ananta prakRtiyoM'nAma zabdoM'-meM 'zakti' kI kalpanA karane kI apekSA thor3I sI vibhaktiyoM meM 'saMkhyA'vAcaka 'zakti' kI kalpanA karane meM lAghava hai| isa kAraNa 'saMkhyA' ko 'vibhakti' kA artha hI mAnanA caahiye| eka tIsarA mata yaha hai ki na to 'nAma' prakRtiyAM 'saMkhyA' artha kI vAcikA haiM aura na 'vibhaktiyA~', apitu 'vibhakti'-sahita 'prAtipadika', arthAt 'prAtipadika' tathA 'vibhakti' donoM kA samudAya, 'saMkhyA'-yukta artha kA vAcaka hai| ina donoM ko alaga alaga karake nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| ina tInoM hI matoM kA saGgraha bhartRhari kI nimna kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai :--- vAcikA dyotikA vA syur dvitvAdInAM vibhaktayaH / yad vA saMkhyAvato'rthasya samudAyo'bhidhAyakaH / / (vApa0 2.165) ['kAraka' bhI 'prAtipadika' zabda kA hI artha hai] kArakam api prAtipadikArtha iti paMcakaH prAtipadikArthaH / nanu anvaya-vyatirekAbhyAM pratyayasyaiva tad vAcyam iti cet ? na / 'dadhi tiSThati', 'dadhi pazya' ityAdau karmAdikAraka-pratIteH pratyayaM vinApi siddhatvAt / na ca luptapratyayasmaraNAt tatpratItir iti vAcyam, pratyayalopam ajAnato'pi nAmata eva tatpratIteH / 'kAraka' ('kartA' Adi) bhI 'prAtipadika' (zabda) kA artha hai| isa rUpa meM ('jAti', 'vyakti', 'liMga', 'saMkhyA' tathA 'kAraka' ye) pAMca 'prAtipadika' ke (hI) artha hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki 'anvaya'-'vyatireka ke AdhAra para vaha ('kAraka') pratyaya kA hI vAcya (artha) hai ('prAtipadika' prakRti kA artha nahIM hai) to vaha ucita nahIM kyoMki 'dadhi tiSThati' (dahI hai), 'dadhi pazya,' (dahI ko dekho) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'karma' Adi 'kArakoM' kA jJAna ('su' Adi prathamA vibhakti ke tathA 'am' Adi dvitIyA vibhakti ke) pratyayoM ke (prayoga ke) binA bhI anubhava-siddha hai| pratyaya ke lopa Adi ke smaraNa hone se (ina prayogoM meM) usa usa 'kAraka' kI pratIti hotI hai-yaha bhI nahIM kahanA cAhiye kyoMki ('su' prAdi) pratyaya ke lopa ko na jAnane vAle (vyakti) ko bhI (kevala) 'nAma' pada se hI usa ('kAraka') kI pratIti ho jAtI hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 363 'prAtipadika' athavA 'nAma' zabda 'jAti', 'vyakti', 'liMga', 'vacana' 'saMkhyA tathA 'kAraka' ina pA~ca arthoM kA vAcaka hai yaha vaiyAkaraNoM kA siddhAnta hai / vibhaktiyoM ke hone para 'kArakoM kA jJAna hotA hai tathA unake prayukta na hone para 'kArakoM' kA jJAna nahIM hotA, isa anvaya-vyatireka ke AdhAra para 'kArakoM ko pratyaya kA hI artha mAnA jAya--yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki 'dadhi tiSThati' tathA 'dadhi pazya' ityAdi prayogoM meM vibhakti ke prayoga ke binA bhI kramazaH 'kartA' tathA 'karma' kArakoM kI pratIti hotI hI hai / isa kAraNa kevala 'anvaya-vyatireka' ke sahAre kisI vAstavika niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~cA jA sktaa| 'dadhi tiSThati' tathA 'dadhi pazya' jaise prayogoM meM lupta pratyaya ke smaraNa se 'kArakoM' kA jJAna hotA hai-yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki jo vyakti vyAkaraNa kI zabda-siddhi Adi kI prakriyA ko nahIM jAnate una avaiyAkaraNoM ko bhI isa taraha ke prayogoM meM 'kAraka' kA jJAna hotA hI hai| yadi lupta pratyaya ke smaraNa se kArakoM kA jJAna hotA to 'lopa' Adi kI prakriyA ko jAne binA 'kArakoM' kA smaraNa nahIM honA cAhiye kyoMki smaraNa meM pUrvAnubhava yA pUrva jJAna kAraNa hotA hai| ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki vinA lupta pratyaya ke smaraNa ke hI 'kAraka' kA jJAna aneka prayogoM meM hotA hai| pataMjali ne "sarUpANAm eka-zeSa eka-vibhaktau". (pA0 1.2.64) tathA "anabhihite'' (pA0 2.3.1) sUtroM ke bhASya meM 'prAtipadika' zabdoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA hai tathA yahI nirNaya diyA hai ki uparyukta pAMcoM artha 'prAtipadika' zabda ke hI vAcya artha mAne jAne cAhiyeM--pratyayoM ke nahIM / "kutsite'' (pA0 5.3.74) ke bhASya meM kisI prAcIna prAcArya kI nimna kArikA uddha ta hai :-- svArtham abhidhAya zabdo nirapekSo dravyam prAha samavetam / samavetasya ca vacane liMga vacanaM vikti ca / / isa kArikA meM bhI yahI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki ye pAMcoM artha 'prAtipadika' zabda ke hI haiN| [zabda apane svarUpa kA bhI bodhaka hotA hai vizeSaNatayA zabdo'pi zAbdabodhe bhAsate, 'yudhiSThira prAsIt' ityAdau 'yudhiSThira'-zabda-vAcyaH kazcid aAsId iti bodhAt / na so'sti pratyayo loke yaH zabdAnugamAd Rte / anuviddham iva jJAnaM sarva zabdena bhAsate // (vApa0 1.123) For Private and Personal Use Only

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364 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA ityabhiyuktokteH / grAhyatvaM grAhakatvaM ca dve zaktI tejaso yathA / tathaiva sarva zabdAnAm ete pRthaga avasthite / / (vApa0 1.56) viSayatvam anAdRtya zabdainArthaH prakAzyate / (vApa0 1.56) iti vAkyapadIyAcca / ata eva 'viSNum uccAraya' ityAdAv arthoccAraNAsambhavAt zabda-pratItiH / zAbdabodha meM zabda kA bhI jJAna vizeSaNa rUpa se hotA hai kyoMki 'yudhiSThira AsIt' (yudhiSThira thA) ityAdi prayogoM meM 'yudhiSThira' (isa) zabda kA vAcyArthabhUta koI vyakti thA yaha jJAna hotA hai| tathA "loka meM aisA koI bodha nahIM hai jo zabda kA jJAna hue binA (hI prakaTa) ho jaay| mAnoM zabda se anuviddha ho kara hI sabhI jJAna prakaTa hotA hai" aisA vidvAnoM ne kahA hai| (isake atirikta) "jisa prakAra prakAza kI grAha yatA tathA grAhakatA ye do zaktiyAM haiM usI prakAra sabhI zabdoM ko ye do (zaktiyAM) pRthaka pRthaka vidyamAna haiN|" tathA ("jJAna kI) viSayatA ko prakaTa kiye binA zabdoM se artha kA prakAzana nahIM hotA" yaha vAkyapadIya se patA lagatA hai| (zabda kA rUpa bhI zabda se bhAsita hotA hai) isIliye 'viSNum uccAraya' (viSNu kA japa karo) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM artha kA uccAraNa asambhava hone se zabda (kA uccAraNa karanA hai isa taraha) kI pratIti hotI hai / uparyukta pA~ca arthoM ke sAtha uccarita zabda kA eka aura bhI artha hotA hai aura vaha hai zabda kA apanA hI rUpa athavA svarUpa kyoMki jaba bhI kisI zabda se artha kA jJAna hotA hai to artha ke jJAna se pUrva zabda kA apanA rUpa bhI vahAM zrotA ko jJAta hotA hai / yadi zabda kA apanA rUpa prakaTa na ho to zrotA ko usa zabda ke artha kA jJAna ho hI nahIM sktaa| isI kAraNa, zabdoccAraNa ke pazcAt bhI yadi zrotA usa zabda ko spaSTatayA nahIM suna pAtA, athavA use uccarita zabda ke svarUpa kA spaSTa jJAna nahIM ho pAtA, to vaha vaktA se pUchatA hai ki 'Apa ne kyA kahA hai' ? zrotA kA yaha prazna hI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki artha jJAna meM zabda kA apanA rUpa nizcita hI bhAsita hotA hai| dra.-"zabda-pUrvako hyarthe sampratyayaH / Atazca zabdapUrvakaH / yo'pi hyasAv AhUyate For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha nAmnA nAma ca yadA anena nopalabdhaM bhavati tadA pRcchati "kiM bhavAn pAha' iti" (mahA0 1.1.67) tathA-"ato'nitirUpatvAt kim AhetyabhidhIyate" (vApa0 1.57) / isaliye zAbdabodha, arthAt zabda se hone vAle arthajJAna, meM zabda kA apanA rUpa 'vizeSaNa' banatA hai / vastutaH zabda tathA artha meM abhinnatA hotI hai| isaliye artha ke binA zabda tathA zabda ke binA artha raha hI nahIM skte| Upara 'zakti-nirUpaNa' meM nAgeza ne donoM kI abhinnatA kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| vAkyapadIya ke prathama kANDabrahmakANDa--meM bhartahari ne bhI isa tathya kA vistAra se pratipAdana kiyA hai| vahAM ke isa prakaraNa kI DhAI kArikAoM ko nAgeza ne yahAM pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| na so'sti bhAsate - yahA~ prathama karikA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prakAra kA jJAna zabda se anuviddha, (AcchAdita athavA pariveSTita) rahatA hai / artha zabda se nitya sambaddha rahatA hai, isaliye koI bhI zAbdabodhAtmaka jJAna aisA nahIM hai jisameM zabdarUpa ('vizeSaNa' athavA bodhaka) kI pratIti na hotI ho / pratyakSa Adi jJAna meM bhI, zabda tathA artha meM tAdAtmya yA abheda hone ke kAraNa, zabda-jJAna kI sthiti kA Aropa kara liyA jAtA hai| isa Aropita zAbda-jJAna ko sUcita karane ke liye hI bhartRhari ne apanI isa kArikA meM utprekSA vAcaka 'iva' kA prayoga kiyA hai, aisA TIkAkAroM kA vicAra hai| isI taraha mUka, badhira Adi ke jJAna meM bhI prAntara zabda yA vaktA kI cetanA, jise 'parA vAka' kahA gayA hai, kAraNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| ___ grAhyatvaM pRthaga avasthite :-yahA~ uddhata dUsarI kArikA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra prakAza ke do rUpa hote haiM - 'grAhyatva' tathA 'grAhakatva' athavA 'prakAzyatva' aura 'prakAzakatva' usI prakAra uccarita zabda ke bhI ye do rUpa hote haiN| jisa prakAra prakAza ke dvArA jahA~ anya vastue~ prakAzita hotI haiM vahIM usakA apanA rUpa bhI prakAzita hotA hai, usI prakAra zabda se jahA~ artha kA jJApana hotA hai vahA~ usake apane rUpa kA bhI jJApana hotA hai| isaliye zabda, prakAza ke samAna, grAhaka hone ke sAtha sAtha grAhya bhI hotA hai / usameM jJApakatA tathA jJApyatA, prakAzakatA tathA prakAzyatA ye donoM hI dharma hote haiN| viSayatvam / prakAzyate :- yahA~ uddha ta tIsare kArikAdha meM yaha kahA gayA ki zabda se taba taka athaM kA prakAzana nahIM hotA jaba taka zabda kA apanA rUpa (svarUpa) bhI zabda kA viSaya nahIM bana jAtA, arthAt zabda ke uccarita hone para pahale zabda kA apanA hI rUpa isa uccarita zabda kA viSaya banatA hai| zabdasvarUpa hI jJeya banatA hai| isake bAda usa zabda ke artha kA jJAna hotA hai| isIliye azruta zabda kevala apanI sattAmAtra se artha kA prakAzana nahIM kiyA karate / yaha pUrI kArikA isa prakAra hai :-- viSayatvam anApannaH zabdArthaH prazkAzyate / na sattayaiva te'rthAnAm agRhItAH prakAzakAH / / (vApa0 1.56) For Private and Personal Use Only

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366 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA isa rUpa meM ina tInoM kArikAnoM meM isI tathya ko spaSTa tathA supuSTa kiyA gayA hai ki zAbdabodha, arthAt zabda se prakaTa hone vAle artha-jJAna, meM vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM zabda bhI prakaTa hotA hai| 'vizeSaNa' arthAt apradhAna vaha isaliye hotA hai ki artha ko prakaTa karane kI dRSTi se zabda kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai ataH, parArtha hone ke kAraNa, use gauNa athavA apradhAna mAnA jAtA hai / isI dRSTi se bhartRhari ne kahA uccaran parataMtratvAd guNaH kAryana yujyate / tasmAttadarthaMH kAryANAM sambandhaH parikalpyate / / (vApa0 1.62) uccarita hotA huA zabda 'parataMtra' arthAt parArtha hone ke kAraNa, 'guNa' arthAt gauraNa hotA hai| isaliye zabda 'kArya' arthAt kriyA se yukta nahIM hotaa| isa kAraNa zabda ke arthoM ke sAtha kAryoM athavA kriyAoM ke sambandha kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, zabda ke sAtha nhiiN| ata eva... zabda pratIti:-zAbdabodha meM zabda kA bhI jJAna vizeSaNa' (apradhAna) rUpa meM hotA hai isa bAta kI puSTi ke liye nAgeza ne eka aura hetu yahA~ prastuta kiyA hai| vaha yaha ki yadi zabdabodha meM zabda ke svarUpa kA jJAna na hotA to 'viSNum uccAraya' jaise prayoga na kiye jAte / viSNurUpa artha kA uccAraNa ho nahIM sakatA isaliye isa vAkya kA yahI artha hai ki 'viSNu' zabda kA uccAraNa kro| ata: yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'viSNa' isa zabda-rUpa ko bhI 'viSNa, zabda kA artha mAnA jAya / Upara 'zakti-nirUpaNa' meM "rAmeti dvayakSaraM nAma mAna-bhaGa gaH pinAkinaH" tathA "vRddhirAdaic" Adi aneka aise udAharaNa diye jA cuke haiM jo yaha batAte haiM ki una una zabdoM kA artha svayaM ve ve zabda-svarUpa hI haiN| isa prasaMga meM pANini kA "svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA" sUtra bhI prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisakI caritArthatA tabhI sambhava hai yadi zabda kA apanA rUpa bhI artha jJAna ke samaya bhAsita ho / anyathA, yadi zabda kA apanA rUpa upasthita hI na ho to, yaha kahanA ki "vyAkaraNa meM zabdasaMjJA ko chor3a kara anya zabda kevala apane rUpa ke grAhaka yA bodhaka hote haiM, artha ke nahIM" sarvathA asaMgata ho jaaygaa| dra0 AtmarUpaM yathA jJAne jJeyarUpaM ca dazyate / artharUpaM tathA zabde svarUpaM ca prakAzate // (vApa0 1.50) yathA prayoktuH prAga buddhiH zabdeSveva pravartate / vyavasAyo grahotRNAm evaM teSveva jAyate / / (vApa0 1.53) ataH yaha siddha hai ki zabdoM se upasthita hone vAlA samAna prAnupUrvI se yukta vaha vaha zabda-rUpa bhI 'prAtipadika' zabda kA hI artha hai, isa kAraNa 'prAtipadikArtha' hai| isa rUpa meM 'prAtipadika' zabdoM ke 6 artha hue| dra0-"SoDhA'pi kvacit-prAtipadikArthaH" (vaibhUsA0 pR0 236) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha [ zAbdabodha meM zabda ke apane rUpa ke bhI bhAsita hone ke kAraNa hI anukaraNa se anukArya ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai ] 367 " -svarUpa ata eva granukaraNena granukAryasvarUpa - pratItiH / tathAhi sva-sadRza - zabdamAtra -bodha- tAtparya koccAraNa-viSayatvam anukaraNatvam" / "sva sadRza zabda pratipAdyatve sati zabdatvam granukAryatvam" / tatra 'anukAryad anukaraNaM bhidyate' iti tayor bheda-vivakSAyAm anukArya-s pratipAdakatvena grarthavattvAt prAtipadikAt svAdi-vidhiH / bheda-pakSa jJApakaH " bhuvo vug luG- liTo: " ( pA0 6.4.88 ) ityAdi-nirdezaH / ' anukAryAd anukaraNam abhinnam ' ityabhedavivakSAyAM ca prarthavattvAbhAvAn na prAtipadikatvaM na vA padatvam / grabheda-pakSa-jJApakastu 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi-nirdezaH / prAtipadikatva - padatvAbhAve'pi 'bhU' ityAdi sAdhu bhavatyeva 1 isIliye (zAbda bodha meM zabda ke svarUpa ke bhI bhAsita hone ke kAraNa ) anukaraNa se anukArya ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / 'anukaraNatA' (kI paribhASA ) hai " apane ( anukaraNa ke ) sadRza ( samAna varNAnupUrvI vAle anukAryabhUta) zabda kA jJAna karanA hI prayojana hai jisakA aise uccAraNa kA viSaya bananA" / tathA 'anukAryatA' ( kI paribhASA ) hai " apane ( anukArya ke) sadRza (samAna varNAnupUrvI vAle anukaraNabhUta) zabda se prabhidhIyamAna zabda honA " / isa taraha 'anukArya se anukaraNa bhinna hotA hai' isa rUpa meM una donoM (anukArya tathA anukararaNa meM) kA bheda batalAne kI vivakSA hone para, anukAryabhUta zabda ke svarUpa kA bodhaka hone tathA ( isa rUpa meM) arthavAn hone ke kAraNa, ( anukaraNabhUta zabda kI ) 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hone se 'su' Adi ( vibhaktiyoM) kA vidhAna ( saMbhava) hotA hai / (anukArya tathA anukaraNa ke) bheda-pakSa ke jJApaka haiM " bhuvo vugluGa - liTo : " (sUtra meM vidyamAna 'bhuva:') ityAdi nirdeza | For Private and Personal Use Only 'anukArya se anukaraNa abhinna hai' isa rUpa meM abhinnatA kI vivakSA meM, ('bhU' kI ) arthavattA ke na hone ke kAraNa, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogI tathA ('prAtipadika' saMjJA ke abhAva meM 'su' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke na Ane se 'bhU' kI) 'pada' saMjJA bhI nahIM hogI / prabheda-pakSa kA jJApaka hai 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi nirdeza / ( isa pakSa meM ) 'prAtipadika' saMjJA tathA ( usake abhAva meM 'pada' ke subanta na hone se ) 'pada' rAMjJA ke na hone para bhI 'bhU' ityAdi nirdeza (ziSTa-prayukta hone ke kAraNa) sAdhu hI hote haiM /

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368 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA zAbda bodha meM zabdasvarUpa bhI prAbhAsita hotA hai isa bAta kI puSTi meM eka aura yukti yahAM yaha dI gayI ki anukaraNa zabda se anukArya zabda ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / jisa samaya koI vyakti 'gau ityayam Aha' (yaha manuSya 'gau' zabda kA uccAraNa karatA hai) yaha vAkya kahatA hai to sunane vAle ko yahI pratIta hotA hai ki 'amuka vyakti ne 'gau' pada kA uccAraNa kiyA' / yahA~ 'gau iti' kA 'gau pada' rUpa artha 'gau' zabda ke grapane rUpa ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai / isa artha ke atirikta vaktA kI ora koI bhI anya vivakSA isa vAkya ke kathana meM nahIM hotii| isaliye yaha mAnanA hI cAhiye ki zabda kA apanA rUpa bhI zabda kA vAcya artha hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tathAhi zranukAryatvam :- isa prasaMga meM nAgeza bhaTTa ne 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' kI paribhASA prastuta kI hai| 'anukaraNa' vaha vAcaka zabda hai jisakA uccAraNa kevala isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki usase samAna varNAnupUrvI vAle vAcyabhUta anukArya zabdarUpa kI pratIti ho jAya / jaise- 'gau ityayam grAha' isa vAkya meM 'gau' yaha 'anukaraNa' zabda hai kyoMki yahA~ kA 'gau' zabda tatsadRza anukArya 'go zabda' kA bodhaka hai / isI prakAra 'anukArya' vaha vAcyabhUta zabda hai jisakA jJAna, usake samAna varNAnupUrvI vAle dUsare, vAcakabhUta 'anukaraNa' zabda dvArA hotA hai| jaise--uparyukta vAkya meM 'gau iti' se pratIta hone vAlA go 'zabda' / yahA~ 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' kI paribhASAoM meM 'sva' pada kramaza: 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' kA bodhaka hai / tatra ..... nirdeza: - 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ke pArasparika sambandha ke viSaya meM do mata pracalita haiM / eka mata meM donoM ko bhinna mAnA jAtA hai tathA dUsare mata meM donoM ko abhinna / prathama mata kI dRSTi se 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' donoM ke pArasparika bheda ko prakaTa karanA cAhate hue jaba vaktA 'gau iti' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to vahA~ 'anukaraNa' zabda kA vAcya artha hotA hai 'anukArya' - bhUta zabda-svarUpa | vAcyabhUta isa 'anukArya' zabda rUpa artha kA bodha karAne ke kAraNa hI 'anukaraNa' - bhUta zabda kI arthavattA hai kyoMki 'anukArya' zabda ke atirikta usa 'anukaraNa' zabda kA koI bhI anya artha hai hI nahIM / ataH kevala isI arthavattA ke dvArA ina 'anukararaNa' zabdoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hotI hai jisake AdhAra para ina zabdoM se 'su' Adi vibhaktiyA~ AtI haiM aura isa rUpa meM inheM sAdhu mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra 'anukaraNa' zabda se 'anukArya' zabda kI pratIti hotI hai, isaliye 'anukaraNa' zabda meM 'anukArya' zabda ko prakaTa karane kI 'zakti' mAnanI hI cAhiye / 'anukArya' tathA 'anukaraNa' meM bhinnatA hotI hai isa bheda-pakSa kA jJApana " bhuvo vug luG - liTo: " ityAdi sUtroM meM prayukta 'bhuva:' jaise prayogoM se hotA hai / yahAM 'bhU' yaha 'anukaraNa' zabda hai tathA 'bhU' dhAtu 'anukArya' zabda hai / ina donoM meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa hI isa 'anukaraNa' - bhUta zabda 'bhU' ko dhAtu nahIM mAnA gyaa| dhAtusaMjJaka na hone tathA anukArya 'bhU' dhAtu ke bodhaka hone se arthavAn hone ke kAraNa hI 'anukaraNa' bhUta 'bhU' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ho sakI tathA usake sAtha SaSThI vibhakti ke eka vacana meM 'Gas' pratyaya ke saMyojana se 'bhuvaH' yaha rUpa niSpanna ho sakA / yadi isa 'anukaraNa' - bhUta 'bhU' ko 'anukArya' 'bhU' dhAtu se bhinna mAnA jAya to yaha bhI dhAtusaMjJaka ho jAegA aura taba, "prarthavad - For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 366 adhAtur apratyaya: prAtipadikam" (pA0 1.2.45) sUtra ke 'adhAtuH' isa niSedha ke anusAra, 'bhU' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA na hone ke kAraNa usase SaSThI vibhakti nahIM A skegii| isa taraha sUtra kA "bhuvaH' zabda asAdhu bana jaayegaa| ata: yaha vibhaktyanta 'bhuvaH' prayoga isa bAta kA jJApaka hai ki 'anukArya' tathA 'anukaraNa' meM bhinnatA hotI hai / ___ isI prakAra "kSiyo dIrghAt" (pA0 8.2.46) sUtra ke 'kSiyaH' pada meM jo paMcamI vibhakti kA prayoga huA hai vaha bhI isI bheda-pakSa kA hI dyotaka hai| dra0"siddhA'tra vibhaktiH, prAtipadikAt iti / kathaM 'prAtipadika'saMjJA ? 'arthavat prAtipadikam' iti / nanu ca 'adhAtuH' iti pratiSedhaH prApnoti ? naiSa dhAtuH / dhAtor eSo'nukaraNam" (mahA0 8.2.46) / ____ isake atirikta "matau chaH sUkta-sAmnoH " (pA0 5.2.56) sUtra ke bhASya meM pataMjali ne, 'anukArya' tathA 'anukaraNa' ke bheda-pakSa ke AdhAra para hI, kahA hai :--- "yo'sAva AmnAye 'asyavAma'-zabda: paThyate so'sya padArthaH / kim punar anye AmnAyazabdAH , anye ime ? prom ityAha" / pataMjali ke isa kathana kA abhiprAya yaha hai kijo veda meM 'asyavAma' zabda paThita hai vaha isa 'anukaraNa'-bhUta 'asyavAma' zabda kA bAcyArtha hai tathA veda (saMhitA) meM paThita 'anukArya-bhUta ve 'asyavAma' Adi zabda anya haiM tathA unake bodhaka anukaraNabhUta ye 'asyavAma' Adi zabda anya haiN| anukAryAda .... na vA padatvam :--'anukArya se anukaraNa abhinna hotA hai' isa abheda pakSa meM 'bhU sattAyAm' isa prayoga ke 'bhU' isa 'anukaraNa'-bhUta zabda kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha 'anukaraNa' -bhUta zabda arthavAn nahIM hai kyoMki abheda-pakSa meM 'anukaraNa' zabda kevala sAdRzyamUlaka abheda ke AdhAra para 'anukArya' ke svarUpa kA bodhaka hotA hai| isaliye, 'abhidhA' Adi 'vRttiyoM' ke dvArA arthopasthApaka na hone ke kAraNa, 'anukaraNa' zabda kI arthavattA nahIM hai| arthavattA ke abhAva meM 'anukaraNa' zabda kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM ho sktii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'anukArya' se sarvathA abhinna hone ke kAraNa 'anukaraNa'bhUta 'bhU' Adi kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA ho jAegI aura taba 'adhAtuH' isa niSedha se 'anukaraNa' 'bhU' zabda kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogii| 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke abhAva meM vibhaktiyoM ke na Ane se 'bhU' jaise nirdeza asAdhu ho jaayeNge| sAtha hI 'subanta' na hone ke kAraNa 'bhU sattAyAm' isa prayoga meM 'bhU' kI 'pada' saMjJA bhI nahIM hogii| abhedapakSa-jJApakastu"bhavatyeva :-abhedapakSa kA jJApaka hai 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi pANinIya dhAtupATha ke nirdesh| inameM 'bhU' ityAdi kA vibhakti-rahita prayoga huA hai| yadi kevala bhedapakSa hI svIkArya hotA to upari pradarzita paddhati se, 'bhU' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hokara yahA~ prathamA vibhaktyanta 'bhU' kA prayoga honA cAhiye / parantu isa prakAra ke nirdezoM ko vibhakti ke abhAva meM bhI, prasAdhu isalie nahIM mAnA jAtA ki pANini Adi ziSToM tathA AcAryoM dvArA ye prayukta haiN| tulanA karo ata eva 'gavityAha', 'bhU sattAyAm' itIdRzam / na prAtipadikaM nApi padaM sAdhu tu tat smRtam / / (vabhUsA0 pR0 244) For Private and Personal Use Only

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400 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA [bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'bhU' jaise vibhakti-rahita prayoga asAdhu nahIM haiM] nanu 'apadaM na prayujIta' iti bhASyAd asAdhu idam iti cet ? na / 'apadam' ityasya 'apariniSThitam' ityarthaH / 'pariniSThitatvaM' ca "apravRtta-nitya-vidhi-uddezyatAvacchedaka-anAkrAntatvam / tad yathA-'devadatto bhavati' ityAdau "tiG atiGa:" (pA0 8.1.28) iti nighAte jAte pratiGanta-pada-para-tiGantatvarUpa- uddezyatAvacchedaka-sattve apariniSThitatva-vAraNAya 'apravRtta' iti / 'svara'ti." (pA0 7.2.44) ityAdi-vikalpa-sUtrasya pAkSika-pravRttau 'seddhA' ityAdAv asAdhutva-vAraNAya 'nityavidhi' iti / abhedapakSe tu "arthavad" (pA0 1.2.45) iti sUtrasya arthavattvarUpa-uddezyatAvacchedaka-anAkrAntatvAt sUtrapravRttAv api 'bhU' ityAdi pariniSThitam / pariniSThita sAdhu-zabdau pryaayau| 'apadaM na prayujIta' (jo zabda 'pada' nahIM haiM unakA prayoga na kiyA jAya) bhASya (ke isa kathana) se yaha ('bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi prayogoM ye vidyamAna 'bhU' ityAdi vibhaktirahita nirdeza) asAdhu hai-yadi yaha kahA jAya to? vaha ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki 'apada' kA artha hai 'apariniSThita' / tathA 'pariniSThitatva' (kI paribhASA) hai "apravRtta tathA nityarUpa se vidhAna karane vAle (sUtra) kI 'uddezyatA' (viSayatA) ke 'avacchedaka' (dharma) se yukta na honaa"| 'devadatto bhavati' (devadatta hai) ityAdi (prayogoM ke 'bhavati' jaise zabdoM) meM "tika atiGaH" isa sUtra se sarvAnudAttatA ke ho jAne para (bhI) 'atiGanta pada se pare tiGanta pada kA honA rUpa' uddezyatA (viSayatA) ke 'avacchedaka' (dharma) ke bane rahane ke kAraNa 'bhavati' meM 'apariniSThitatA' ke nivAraNa ke liye (isa paribhASA meM) 'apravRtta' yaha pada rakhA gyaa| "svarati-sUti-sUyati-dhU-udito vA' ityAdi vikalpa sUtra ('iT' Agama kA vikalpa se vidhAna karane vAle sUtra) kI ('sedhitA' ityAdi meM) pAkSikarUpa se pravRtti ho jAne para 'seddhA' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM asAdhutva ('apariniSThitatva') ke nivAraNArtha (uparyukta paribhASA meM) 'nitya vidhi' zabda rakhA gyaa| (isa taraha) abheda pakSa meM "arthavad adhAtur-apratyayaH prAtipadikam" isa sUtra kI arthavattArUpa, 'uddezyatA' meM rahane vAle, 'dharma' se rahita hone ke kAraNa ('arthavat0" isa) sUtra ke pravRtta na hone para bhI 'bhU' 1. ha0-apariniSThita / 2. ha.-svarati-sUti-sUyati / h0-aprvRttau| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ityAdi (pravibhakti (donoM) zabda paryAya haiM / nAmArtha 401 prayoga ) 'pariniSThita' haiN| 'pariniSThita' tathA 'sAdhu' yaha bAta Upara vistAra se kahI gayI hai ki anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ke prabheda pakSa meM hI 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi prayoga susaMgata ho pAte haiM jinameM vibhakti rahita 'bhU' ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA ina prayogoM ko sarvathA sAdhu mAnA gayA / yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki, jaba 'su' Adi vibhaktiyoM ke prabhAva meM ina zabdoM kI 'pada' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI to, inheM sAdhu kaise mAnA jAya ? pataMjali ke 'apadaM na prayu'jIta' isa kathana ke hote hue, isa prakAra ke vibhakti rahita 'pada' prayogoM ko prAmANika kaise mAnA jAya ? isI prazna kA uttara nAgeza ne yahAM diyA hai| - zrapadam anAkAntatvam - nAgeza kA yaha kahanA hai ki 'pada' kA abhiprAya hai. 'apariniSThita' arthAt yadi koI aisA zabda hai jisameM kisI kArya kA nitya rUpa se vidhAna karane vAlA sUtra pravRtta to ho sakatA hai para vaha pravRtta na huA ho to usako 'apariniSThata' mAnanA hogaa| jinameM aisI sthiti nahIM hai ve 'pariniSThita' haiM / 'pariniSThita' ko paribhASA ko nAgeza ne apanI pariSkRta zabdAvalI meM prastuta kiyA hai: "prapravRtta - nitya-vidhi - uddezyatAvacchedaka anAkrAntatvam" / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki ve zabda 'apariniSThita' haiM jinameM nitya hone vAle kArya kA vidhAyaka koI sUtra pravRtta nahIM huprA ho tathA jo usa sUtra kI uddezyatA, ( sUtra kI pravRtti kI hetu), ke pravacchedaka dharma se yukta hoM / para jo zabda isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM ve 'pariniSThita' arthAt 'sAdhu' haiM / udAharaNa ke liye 'sudhI / upAsya:' isa sthiti meM 'yaNa' sandhi kA nitya rUpa se vidhAna karane vAlA sUtra "iko yaN graci " ( pA0 6.1.77 ) pravRtta nahIM hugrA, prarthAt usake anusAra isa prayoga meM 'yaNa' Adeza nahIM kiyA gayA / tathA "iko yaraNa praci" sUtra kI 'uddezyatA' kA avacchedaka 'dharma' hai "ik' pratyAhAra ke kisI varga ke pazcAt 'ac' pratyAhAra ke kisI varga kA honA " / isa sUtra ke 'uddezya' arthAt lakSyabhUta prayoga haiM- 'sudhI / upAsyaH' ityAdi udAharaNa / unameM pAyI jAne vAlI sAmAnya sthiti hai 'uddezyatA' / isa 'uddezyatA' kA pravacchedaka arthAt bodhaka athavA paricAyaka 'dharma' hai "ik' se pare 'ac' kA honA" / uddezyatA' kA 'pravacchedaka' yaha 'dharma' 'sudhI upAsya' meM vidyamAna hai kyoMki yahAM 'I' ke bAda 'u' varNa hai| isaliye isa prayoga ko 'apariniSThita' athavA 'prapada' mAnA jAyagA / aise hI 'apariniSThita' zabdoM ko 'asAdhu ' yA 'pada' kahA gayA hai jinake prayoga kA niSedha pataMjali ne 'prapadaM na prayujIta' isa kathana meM kiyA hai / yadi koI sUtra kisI devadatto' 'zrapravRtta iti : - ina paMktiyoM meM 'pariniSThita' kI uparyukta paribhASA meM vidyamAna 'pravRtta' zabda ke prayojana para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prayoga meM pravRtta ho cukA hai, arthAt apanA kArya pUrA kara cukA hai, to usake bAda, bha hI usa prayoga meM sUtra kI 'uddezyatA' kA 'avacchedaka dharma' vidyamAna ho, usa prayoga ko 'apariniSThita' nahIM mAnA jAyagA / vaha to 'pariniSThita' prayoga hI hogaa| jaise'devadatto bhavati' isa prayoga meM "tiG pratiG : " isa sUtra ke pravRtta ho jAne, arthAt 'bhavati' isa 'tinta' padako, 'devadatta:' isa 'pratiGanta' pada ke pazcAt hone ke kAraNa, sarvAnudAtta For Private and Personal Use Only

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402 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA kara dene ke bAda bhI "tiG atiGaH' isa sUtra kI 'uddezyatA' kA avacchedaka dharma vahA~ banA hI rahatA hai, arthAt vahA~ 'atiGanta' pada se pare 'tiGanta' pada vidyamAna hI rahatA hai| yaha "atiGanta' pada se pare 'tiGanta' pada kA honA" hI usa sUtra kA 'uddezyatAvacchedaka dharma' hai| phira bhI isa prakAra ke prayogoM ko 'apariniSThita' nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isI bAta ko batAne tathA usake AdhAra para 'devadatto bhavati' jaise prayogoM meM 'apariSThitatva' ke nivAraNa ke liye paribhASA meM 'pravRtta' zabda rakhA gyaa| _ "svarati0' ityAdi nityavidhi' iti :-isa paMkti meM 'pariniSThita' kI paribhASA meM vidyamAna 'nityavidhi' zabda ke prayojana para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi koI sUtra vikalpa se kisI kArya ko karatA hai nitya rUpa se kArya nahIM karatA-to usa sUtra ke una udAharaNabhUta prayogoM ko, jinameM sUtra pravRtta nahIM huA hai tathA jo usa sUtra ke "uddezyatAvacchedaka dharma" se yukta bhI haiM phira bhI, 'apariniSThita' nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| jaise-"svarati-sUti-sUyati-dhUna-udito vA" yaha sUtra ina nirdiSTa dhAtuoM ke 'sedhitA' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'iT' aAgAma kA vikalpa se vidhAna karatA hai| isaliye jisa pakSa meM sUtra 'iTa' kA vidhAna nahIM karegA usa pakSa meM 'seddhA' ityAdi prayoga banate haiN| ye prayoga sUtroM kI zartoM se yukta haiM tathA sUtra pravRtta bhI nahIM huA hai| phira bhI ina 'seddhA' ityAdi prayogoM ko 'apariniSThita' yA 'asAdhu' nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isI bAta ko batAne ke liye paribhASA meM 'nityavidhi' zabda rakhA gayA hai / abhedapakSe tu.. paryAyau-isa prakAra 'pariniSThita' kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra abhedapakSa meM-'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ko abhinna mAnate hue-'bhU sattAyAm' ke 'bhU' ityAdi aMza, arthavAn nahIM haiM athavA dhAtu haiM isaliye, "arthavad adhAtur apratyaya: prAtipadikam" isa sUtra kI 'uddezyatA' (viSayatA) ke 'avacchedaka dharma' (arthavattA, adhAtutA ityAdi) se rahita hone ke kAraNa, sUtra ke pravRtta na hone para bhI, 'pariniSThita' athavA 'sAdhu' hI haiM, 'apariniSThita' athavA asAdhu nhiiN| isa rUpa meM pariniSThita' kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra jo zabda ThIka haiM ve hI 'sAdhu' haiM athavA dUsare zabdoM meM 'pariniSThita' tathA 'sAdhu' ye donoM zabda paryAya haiM / nAgeza kI isa sArI vivecanA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki padatva kI yogyatA hote hue bhI jina zabdoM kA 'apada' ke rUpa meM vibhaktirahita prayoga hotA hai kevala unhIM ko 'apada' mAnA jAyagA / 'bhU' ityAdi 'anukaraNa' zabdoM meM to padatva kI yogyatA hai hI nahIM phira yadi unakA vibhakti-rahita prayoga hotA hai to use 'apada' kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? [abheda pakSa meM, 'anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ke sarthathA abhinna hone para, 'anukaraNa'-bhUta zabda se 'anukArya'-bhUta zabda ke svarUpa kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara] nanu anukaraNasya anukArya-svarUpa-bodhakatvasya abhAvena' katham anukArya-svarUpa-prItItira iti cet ? 'sAdRzyAkhya'1. ha., vaMmi0-apyabhAvena / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmArtha 403 sambandhena iti gRhANa / yathA maitra-sadRza-piNDa-darzane maitrasmaraNam evaM 'bhU' ityAdya anukaraNa-jJAne tAdRza-anukAryasya jJAnam iti saMkSepaH / iti nAmArthaH (abheda pakSa meM) 'anukArya' ke svarUpa kI bodhakatA ke na hone ke kAraNa 'anukaraNa'-bhUta zabda se 'anukArya' (-bhUta zabda) ke svarUpa kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? (yadi yaha pUchA jAya to) usakA uttara yaha hai ki 'sAdRzya' nAmaka sambandha se ('anukaraNa 'zabda' anukArya zabda ke svarUpa kA bodhaka hotA hai)| jaise-- maitra ke samAna kisI mUtti ko dekhane se maitra kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai isI prakAra 'bhU' ityAdi 'anukaraNa' (-bhUta zabdoM) kA jJAna hone para usa prakAra ke (samAna aAnupUrvI vAle) 'anukArya' (-bhUta zabda svarUpa) kA jJAna hotA hai| yaha ('nAma' zabdoM ke arthoM kA vivaraNa) saMkSepa meM hai| __prazna kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'anukaraNa'-bhUta zabdoM meM, 'anukArya' se abhinna hone ke kAraNa, 'anukArya' ke svarUpa ko 'abhidhA' Adi vRttiyoM se kahane kI zakti nahIM rhtii| aisI sthiti meM 'anukaraNa' zabdoM se 'anukArya' zabdoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna kisa taraha hotA hai ? prazna ke uttara meM yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki, 'vAcakatA' zakti na hone para bhI, anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' meM jo varNAnupUrvI ityAdi kI samAnatA hotI hai usa samAnatA yA 'sAdRzya' ke kAraNa 'anukaraNa' zabda 'anukArya' zabda ke svarUpa kA jJAna karA detA hai| jisa prakAra maMtra ke sarvathA samAna mUrti ko dekha kara maMtra kA smaraNa yA jJAna ho jAtA hai usI prakAra, vAcaka na hone para bhI, 'anukaraNa' zabda 'anukArya' zabda kA smAraka yA bodhaka ho jAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra [ do prakAra kI vRttiyA~ ] www.kobatirth.org samAsAdi-vRttyarthaH 1. ha0 - sAmabheda: / 2. ha0 - antyAyAH / 3. ha0 - rathantaraH / 4. hu0 - anugamA- / graMtha samAsAdi-vRttyarthaH / vRttir dvidhA - jahatsvArthI', 'grajahatsvArthA' ca / zravayavArtha - nirapekSatve sati samu dAyArthabodhakatvaM 'jahatsvArthAtvam' | avayavArtha-saMvalitasamudAyArthabodhakatvam 'prajahatsvArthAtvam' | 'rathantaram' sAma-bheda:, 'zuzrUSA ' sevA iti pUrvasyA udAharaNam / 'rAja-puruSa:' ityAdau prantyA / samAsAdi-paMcasu viziSTa eva zaktir na tvavayave / 'rathantaram', 'saptaparNaH, 'zuzrUpA' ityAdAv zravayavArthAnu'bhavAbhAvAt / ata eva bhASye (2.1.1. pR0 68 ) 'vyapekSA '-pakSam udbhAvya "pratha etasman vyapekSAyAM sAmarthye yo'sau ' ekArthIbhAva' - kRto vizeSaH sa vaktavyaH" ityuktam / "dhava- khadirau', 'niSkauzAmbiH', 'go-rathaH', 'ghRta-ghaTa:', 'guDa-dhAnAH ', 'keza - cUDaH', 'suvarNAlaMkAraH', 'dvi- dazA:', 'saptaparNaH', 'dvi-dazAH', ityAdau 'sAhitya' - 'krAnta'-'yukta' - 'pUrNa' - 'mizra '-'saMghAta''vikAra' - 'sucpratyayalopa' - ' vIpsA' - grAdyarthA vAcanikA vAcyAH" iti tadbhASyAzayaH / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aba samAsa Adi vRttiyoM ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra karate haiM / 'vRtti' do prakAra kI hotI hai / - 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'prajahatsvArthA / (samAsa-yukta pada ke ) avayavoM ke artha kI apekSA na karate hue samudAya (samAsa-yukta pUre zabda ) ke artha kA bodhaka honA 'jahatsvArthatA' (kI paribhASA ) hai / tathA (samAsa -yukta pada ke ) avayavabhUta padoM ke ( apane-apane alaga-alaga ) artha se samanvita hokara samudAya (samAsa - yukta pUre pada) ke artha kA jJAna karAnA 'prajahatsvArthatA' (kI paribhASA) hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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405 samAsAdi-vRttyartha 'sAma'-vizeSa (kA vAcaka) 'rathantara' (zabda) tathA sevA (artha kA vAcaka) 'zuzrUSA' (zabda) pahalI ('jahatsvArthA' vRtti) ke udAharaNa haiN| 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi (zabdoM) meM antima ('ajahatsvArthA' vRtti) hai (kyoMki) 'samAsa' aAdi pA~ca (vRttiyoM) meM (avayava se) viziSTa (samudAya) meM 'zakti' (arthabodhakatA) rahatI hai, avayava meM nhiiN| (parantu) 'rathantaram', 'saptaparNaH', zuzrUSA', ityAdi meM avayavoM ke artha kA anubhava nahIM hotA (isaliye 'rathantaram', ityAdi meM 'jahatsvArthA' vRtti hai)| ___isI kAraNa (bhASyakAra ko samudAya meM zaktirUpa 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke abhimata hone ke kAraNa) bhASya meM 'vyapekSA' pakSa kI avatAraNA karake yaha kahA gayA ki "isa 'vyapekSA sAmarthya' meM 'ekArthIbhAva' (sAmarthya) dvArA kRta vizeSatA ke liye vacana banAnA par3egA" / yahA~ isa bhASya (ke kathana) kA Azaya yaha hai ki 'dhava-khadirau' (dhavasahita khadira), 'niSkauzAmbiH , (kauzAmbI nagarI se bAhara gayA hayA), 'gorathaH' (jisameM baila jur3e hue haiM aisA ratha), 'ghRtaghaTaH' (dhI se bharA huA ghar3A), 'guDadhAnAH' (gur3a se mizrita bhune huai dhAna), 'keza cuDaH' (bAloM kA samudAyarUpa jUr3A), 'suvarNAlaGkAraH' (sone kA banA huA 'vikAra' arthAt-yAbhUSaNa) 'dvidazAH' (do bAra AvRtta daza kI saMkhyA arthAt bIsa), 'saptaparNaH', (pratyeka sandhi meM sAta-sAta pattoM vAlA eka phUla kA paudhA) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM-- kramaza: sahita honA, nikalA huA, yukta, paripUrNa, mizrita, samudAya, vikAra, 'suca' pratyaya kA lopa, vIpsA AdiviziSTa artha, vacana banA kara, kahane hoNge| 'vRtti' zabda saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / 'vRtti' kI paribhASA karate hue pataMjali ne mahAbhASya (2.1.1 pR0 28) meM kahA hai-"parArthAbhidhAnaM vRttiH"| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dUsare zabda ke artha ko kahanA 'vRtti' hai / jaise-'rAjapuruSaH' isa samasta prayoga meM 'rAja' zabda 'puruSa' ke artha ko kahatA hai tathA 'puruSa' zabda 'rAjA' ke artha ko kahatA hai| parantu 'rAjJaHpuruSaH' isa vAkyAvasthA meM 'rAjA' zabda kevala apane artha ko kahatA hai 'puruSa' zabda ke artha ko nahIM kahatA hai tathA 'puruSa' zabda bhI kevala apane hI artha ko kahatA hai, 'rAjA' zabda ke artha ko nahIM kahatA / dra0--"parasya zabdasya yo'rthas tasya abhidhAnaM zabdAntareNa yatra sA vRttir ityarthaH / yathA--'rAjapuruSaH' ityatra 'rAja'--zabdena vAkyAvasthAyAm anuktaH puruSArtho'bhIdhIyate'' (mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 2.1.1 pR0 28-26) / vaiyAkaraNa yaha mAnatA hai ki zabda nitya haiM / isalie aisA nahIM hai ki pahale jo 'rAjJaHpuruSaH' isa prakAra kA vAkyAtmaka zabda thA usI ke sthAna para vikalpa se SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa karake 'rAja-puruSaH' yaha samAsayukta zabda banAyA gyaa| usakI dRSTi meM to 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi zabda sadA isI rUpa meM rahate haiN| isa prakAra ke padoM meM jo do yA aneka padoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai vaha to kevala, svataMtra zabdoM ke sAdRzya ke AdhAra para, zabdArtha ko spaSTa karane ke liye hI hai / isa prakAra, vibhakta kAlpanika padoM tathA unake apane apane vibhakta arthoM ke eka ho jAne ke kAraNa, isa mata meM 'vRtti' ko 'ekArthIbhAva' For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA nAma diyA gayA / dra0-"padyapi zabdAntaram eva vRttiH / avayavA varNavad anarthakAH / tathApi sAdRzyAt tattvAdhyavasAyaM padAnAm Azritya pRthaga arthAnAm 'ekArthIbhAvaH' ityuktam' (mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 2. 1. 1 pR0 17) / yaha 'ekArthIbhAva'-rUpa vRtti, kRdanta, taddhitAnta, samAsa, eka-zeSa tathA sanAdyanta ina pA~ca prakAra ke prayogoM meM vidyamAna hai| isaliye prAcIna vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'vRttiyAM' pAMca prakAra kI haiN| parantu navIna vidvAnoM ke vicArAnusAra kevala cAra hI vRttiyAM haiN| 'ekazeSa' ke prayogoM meM ye vidvAna 'vRtti' nahIM mAnate kyoMki vahAM anya zabda ke artha se anvita apane artha kI upasthApakatA nahIM pAyI jaatii| dra0--"vRttizcaturdhA-- samAsa-taddhita-kRt-sanAdyantadhAtu-bhedAt" (laghumaMjUSA, pR01421) / parantu paramaladhumaMjUSA meM yahA~ pAMca prakAra kI vRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dra0 -. "samAsAdi-paMcasu viziSTa eva zaktirnatvavayave" / vRttidvidhA 'ityAdAvantyA- eka anya dRSTi se 'vRttiyAM' do prakAra kI mAnI gaI haiM-- 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatasvArthA' / 'jahatsvArthA' zabda 'kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai--'jahati' (tyajanti) svAni (padAni) artha yasyAM vRtto sA jahatsvArthA', arthAta prayoga meM vidyamAna avayavabhUta pada pRthak pRthak rUpa se prakaTa kiye gaye apane apane arthoM kA jisa 'vRtti' meM parityAga kara dete haiM usa 'vRti' kA nAma 'jahatsvArthA' hai| isI bAta ko yahAM 'jahatsvArthA' kI paribhASA meM nAgeza ne bhI kahA hai ki "avayavabhUta padoM ke arthoM kI apekSA na karate hue pUre zabda-samudAya ke dvArA eka abhinna artha kA bodha karAnA 'jahatsvArthatA' haiN|" jaise-eka vizeSa prakAra ke 'sAmagAna' ke liye 'rathantara' zabda kA pryog| yaha prayoga 'ratha' zabda ke upapada hone para hai 'tR' dhAtu se, "saMjJAyAM bhRtR"tapidamaH" (pA0 3.2.46) sUtra ke anusAra, 'khac' pratyaya karake banAyA jA sakatA hai / parantu ina donoM- 'ratha' zabda ke sAtha 'tR' dhAtu tathA 'a' pratyayarUpa- avayavoM ne, 'rathantara' zabda meM apane-apane artha kA parityAga kara diyA hai isaliye 'rathantara' zabda se eka dUsarA hI 'sAma-vizeSa' rUpa artha prakaTa hotA hai| isI prakAra kA eka dUsarA udAharaNa yahAM 'zuzraSA' diyA gayA hai| 'zru' dhAtu ke sAtha 'san' pratyaya ke yoga se strIliMga meM yaha zabda banA hai| parantu 'zuzrUSA' zabda ke 'sevA' artha meM na to 'zru' dhAtu kA 'sunanA' artha hai aura na 'san' pratyaya kA 'icchA' artha / donoM hI avayava apane-apane artha kA parityAga karake eka dUsare hI 'sevA' artha ko prastuta karate haiN| _ 'grajahatsvArthA' zabda kI vyutpatti hai-"ajahati (na tyajanti) svAni (padAni) artha yasyAM vRttau sA ajahatsvArthA", arthAt jisa vRtti meM zabda ke avayavabhUta pada apane apane arthoM kA parityAga kiye binA hI, 'AkAMkSA' Adi ke kAraNa, eka navIna artha ko prastuta karate haiM usa vRtti kA nAma 'ajahatsvArthA' hai| jaise -'rAjapuruSaH' isa prayoga meM 'rAjA' tathA 'puruSa' zabda apane-apane arthoM ko chor3e binA hI 'rAja-puruSa' isa artha ko prakaTa karate haiM jisa meM donoM avayavoM ke artha samanvita, saMsRSTa athavA mile jule haiN| nAgeza ne yahA~ 'ajahatsvArthatA' kI jo paribhASA-("avayavArtha se samanvita samudAyArtha kA bodha karAnA 'ajahatsvArthatA' hai) dI hai usakA bhI abhiprAya yahI hai| samAsAdi... anubhavAbhAvAt -- yahAM 'vRttiyoM' ke pA~ca prakAra mAnate hue nAgeza ne yaha kahA ki ina samAsa prAdi pA~coM hI 'vRttiyoM' meM avayavaviziSTa samudAya meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRtyartha arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti' hotI hai-- avayavoM kI apane apane arthoM ko alaga-alaga rUpa se kahane kI zakti nahIM hotI / avayavoM meM apane-apane arthoM ko prakaTa karane kI 'zakti' na rahane ke kAraNa hI ' rathantaram', 'saptaparNa' tathA 'zuzrUSA' ityAdi 'vRtti'viziSTa zabdoM meM unake avayavoM ke artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA / 'rathantaram' tathA 'zuzrUSA' kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai / 'saptaparNa' eka vRkSa - vizeSa kA nAma hai| sunane vAle vyakti ko 'saptaparNa' zabda se sIdhe hI usa puSpa - vizeSa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai - 'sapta' tathA 'pa' ye avayava apane-apane arthoM ko vahA~ prakaTa nahIM karate / 407 nAgeza ne yahA~ 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' ina do vRttiyoM kI carcA jisa rUpa meM kI hai usase yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki ve yahA~ 'jahatsvArthI' ko hI 'ekArthIbhAva' mAna rahe haiM tathA 'prajahatsvArthA' ko 'vyapekSA' / kyoMki " samAsAdi- paMcasu viziSTe evaM zaktir na tvavayave" ( samAsa Adi uparyukta pA~coM sthitiyoM meM viziSTa samudAya meM hI arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti' hotI hai bhinna-bhinna avayavoM meM nahIM) isa rUpa meM 'ekArthIbhAva' kI bAta kaha kara punaH nAgeza ne 'jahatsvArthI' vRtti ke hI udAharaNoM ko prastuta kiyA hai tathA usake turanta pazcAt 'vyapekSA pakSa ke doSoM ko ginAnA Arambha kara diyA hai| isake atirikta yahA~ ke "ata eva bhASye vyapekSA pakSam udbhAvya " -- isa paMkti meM vidyamAna 'grata eva' isa aMza kI saMgati taba taka nahIM laga pAtI jaba taka yaha na mAna liyA jAye ki isake pUrva nAgeza 'ekArthIbhAva' kI carcA kara cuke haiN| para sthiti yaha hai ki Upara 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'prajahatsvArthI ina do kA hI ullekha huA hai, 'ekArthIbhAva' kI bAta nahIM kahI gayI / yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki "samAsAdipaMcasu viziSTe evaM zaktinetvavayave" isa paMkti meM, jisameM 'ekArthIbhAva' kA nAma lie binA hI nAgeza ne isa pakSa kI bAta kahI hai, aura 'jahatsvArthA' kI "avayavArthanirapekSatve sati samudAyArthabodhikAtvaM jahatsvArthAtvam" isa paribhASA meM, donoM meM, eka hI bAta kahI gaI hai tathA yaha saba 'ekArthIbhAva' kI vizeSatAyeM hI haiN| isa prakAra 'jahatsvArthI ' tathA 'ekArthIbhAva' ina donoM ko paryAya- prathavA ekArthaka - mAna lene para yahAM koI saMgati nahIM upasthiti hotI, para donoM ko bhinna bhinna mAnane para isa aMza kI koI saMgati nahIM lagatI / isa liye TIkAkAroM ne isa sthala kI vyAkhyA uparyukta sthiti ko mAnakara hI kI hai / dra0 - "evaM ca jahatsvArthAtvam eva ekArthIbhAvaH / ajahatsvArthAtvaM ca vyapekSA" (kAlikAprasAda zukla kI jyotsnA TIkA pR0 204) / vaiyA raNabhUSaNasAra ke praNetA kauNDabhaTaT ne bhI isa prasaMga meM yahI mAnA hai ki 'jahatsvArthA' hI 'ekArthIbhAva' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' hI 'vyapekSA' hai / dra0 - " samarthaH padavidhi:' iti sUtre bhASyakArairanekadhA uktaSvapi pakSesu jahatsvArthAajahatsvArtha- pakSayoreva ekArthIbhAva-vyapekSArUpayoH paryavasAnaM labhyate" ( pR0 253-54), arthAt " samarthaH padavidhiH" sUtra ke bhASya meM AcArya pataMjali ke dvArA aneka matoM ke prastuta kiye jAne para bhI 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahasvArthI' pakSoM kA hI paryavasAna kramazaH 'ekArthIbhAva' tathA 'vyapekSA' pakSoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki 'sAmarthya' ke do bheda haiM- ' ekArthIbhAva' tathA 'vyapekSAM' / punaH 'ekArthIbhAva' ke do bheda haiM- ' jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' / aisA

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408 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA nahIM hai ki 'ekArthIbhAva' tathA 'vyapekSA' ko hI kramaza: 'jahatsvArthA' aura 'ajahatsvArthA' kahA gayA hai / isI kAraNa ladhumaMjUSA meM nAgeza ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa kA nAma lekara usake praNetA kauNDabhaTTa ke isa kathana kA, ki 'jahatsvArthA' 'ekArthIbhAva' hai tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' 'vyapekSA' hai, khaNDana kiyA hai| dra0-"etena jahatsvArthataiva ekArthIbhAvo bhUSaNoktam apAstam / anena hi ekArthIbhAvam upakramyoktestatraiva pakSadvayam iti labhyate" (laghumaMjUSA pR. 1406-10) / "samarthaH padavidhiH' (pA0 2.1.1) sUtra ke bhASya kI, kaiyaTa tathA nAgeza-kRta, TIkAtroM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya kI vyAkhyA meM kaiyaTa ne likhA hai-"yatra padAni upasarjanIbhUtasvArthAni, nivRttasvArthAni, pradhAnA rthopAdAnAd vyarthAni, arthAntarAbhidhAyIni vA sa ekArthI-bhAvaH" (mahA0 pradIpa 2.1.1 pR0 4-5) / spaSTa hai ki 'jahatsvArthA' tathA 'ajahatsvArthA' ina donoM kI dRSTi se hI kayaTa ne yahAM 'ekArthIbhAva' kI anekavidha vyAkhyAyeM prastuta kI haiM / 'ajahatsvArthA' pakSa kI dRSTi se "yatra padAni upasarjanIbhUtasvArthAni" (jisameM avayavabhUta pada apradhAna artha vAle ho jAte haiM) kahA gayA / tathA 'jahatsvArthA' pakSa kI dRSTi se 'nivRttasvArthAni" (jisa meM avabhavabhUta padoM ke artha samApta ho jAte haiN| kahA gayA / nAgeza ne apanI uddyota TIkA meM kayaTa kI ina paMktiyoM kI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI hai| parantu paramalaghumaMjUSA ke isa prasaMga meM granthakAra kI sthiti spaSTa na hokara bhrAmaka pratIta hotI hai| 'ekA bhAva' sAmarthya-'ekArthIbhAva' sAmathyaM samAsa prAdi pAMca vRttiyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai kyoki ina saba meM samudAya meM hI abhISTa artha ke prakAzana kI kSamatA hotI hai, avayava meM nhiiN| pANini ke "samarthaH padavidhiH" meM vidyamAna 'samartha' pada kA abhiprAya vaiyAkaraNoM kI dRSTi meM 'ekA bhAva' rUpa sAmarthya hI hai| 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya kA abhiprAya hai, pRthak pRthak padoM kA apanI vibhinnArthakatA ko chor3a kara eka athaM vAlA ho jAnA, pUre samudAya ke dvArA eka hI viziSTa artha kA kahA jaanaa| isa dRSTi se uparyukta sUtra meM samartha' zabda kA abhiprAya hai - 'saMgatArtha' (avayavoM kA susaMgata artha vAlA honA) athavA 'saMsRSTArtha' (avayavoM ke arthoM kA paraspara saMsRSTa honaa)| dra0...-"tad yadA tAvad ekArthIbhAvaH sAmarthya tadA evaM vigrahaH kariSyate-'saMgatArthaH samarthaH', 'saMsRSTArthaH samarthaH' iti" (mahA0 2.1.1 pR0 37) / isa 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ko mAnane para una una samAsayukta padoM se jo jo viziSTa athaM prakaTa hote haiM, jinakA prakAzana avayavoM se nahIM ho pAtA, ve ve artha samudAya meM zakti mAnane ke kAraNa svataH prakaTa ho jaayeNge| 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya- 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke viparIta, naiyAyika tathA mImAMsaka vidvAn 'vyapekSA' nAmaka sAmarthya mAnate haiM / 'vyapekSA' pakSa meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki, jisa prakAra vAkya meM pada pRthak pRthak rahakara apane-apane arthoM ko prakaTa karate haiM aura usake bAda una-una arthoM kA, 'AkAMkSA' Adi ke kAraNa, paraspara anvaya hotA hai usI prakAra, samAsa Adi 'vRttiyoM meM vidyamAna avayavabhUta pada bhI pahale apane-apane arthoM ko prakaTa karate haiN| usake bAda una-una arthoM kA, 'AkAMkSA' Adi ke kAraNa, paraspara anvaya hotA hai / vastutaH ye vidvAn zabda ko usI rUpa meM nitya nahIM mAnate jisa rUpa meM vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiN| isaliye 'rAjapuruSaH' jaise zabdoM ko svarUpataH nitya na mAna kara ve yaha mAnate haiM ki 'rAjJaH puruSaH' ke sthAna para hI 'rAjapuruSaH' jaise samAsa-yukta prayoga hote haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha isa kAraNa, jisa prakAra padoM kI pArasparika apekSA se artha kI abhivyakti hotI hai usI prakAra, 'rAjapuruSa:' isa samasta prayoga meM bhI avayavabhUta padoM kI pArasparika apekSA ke AdhAra para hI artha kI abhivyakti ho jAyagI / grataH ye vyapekSAvAdI vidvAn samAsa Adi ke prayogoM meM, samudAya kI dRSTi se viziSTa zakti kI kalpanA na karake, yaha mAnate haiN| ki avayavoM kI apanI-apanI zakti se hI viziSTa artha kA bodha ho jAtA hai| dra0 "vyapekSAvAdinastu parasparAkAMkSArUpA vyapekSaivAtra sAmarthya na tu ekArthIbhAvaH " ( laghu maMjupA pR0 1411) / udAharaNa ke liye 'rAjapuruSa:' isa prayoga meM 'rAjA' tathA 'puruSa' ina donoM padoM ke apane-apane avayavArthoM ke upasthita ho jAne para, 'grAkAMkSA' Adi ke kAraNa 'sva-svAbhi bhAva' rUpa sambandha ke dvArA donoM kA pAraspArika granvaya hone se, 'rAja - viziSTa puruSa' isa artha kA bodha ho jAtA hai| isa 'vyapekSA' pakSa kI dRSTi se " samarthaH pada-vidhiH" ke 'samartha' zabda kA abhiprAya mAnA jAtA hai - 'sambaddhArtha' honA prarthAt samAsa-yukta pada ke avayavoM ke arthoM kA paraspara sambaddha honaa| dra0 - "yadA vyapekSA sAmarthyaM tadA evaM vigrahaH kariSyate - "sampra ekSitArthaH samarthaH', 'sambaddhArthaH samarthaH ' iti ( mahA0 2.2.1. pR0 38 ) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhede sati nirAdInAM krAntAdyartheSvasaMbhavaH / prAg vRtta 'jativAcitvaM na ca gaurakharAdiSu // zrataeva bhASye bhASyAzayaH --- 'vyapekSA' pakSa meM 'dhavakhadirau' ityAdi uparyukta aneka prayogoM meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ina avayavoM ke artha se atirikta jo artha prakaTa hote haiM unakA vAcaka kisako mAnA jAya? jaise- 'dhavakhadirau' isa prayoga meM 'dhava' tathA 'khadira' kA eka sAtha honA' yaha 'sAhitya' rUpa artha tathA 'niSkauzAmbi: ' meM kauzAmbI se bAhara jAnA yahAM 'niSkramaraNa' rUpa artha kI vAcakatA kisameM mAnI jAya ? bAta yaha hai ki 'vyapekSA' - vAdiyoM ke anusAra 'dhavazca khadirazca' isa vAkya ke sthAna para 'dhava khadirau' tathA 'niSkrAntaH kauzAmbyA' ke sthAna para 'niSkauzAmbi: yaha prayoga banA hai / parantu vAkya meM vidyamAna 'ca' tathA 'krAnta' zabda samAsa meM to haiM nahIM isaliye ina arthoM kI pratIti nahIM ho skegii| isI kAraNa ina arthoM kI pratIti karAne ke liye "cArthe dvandva : " ( pA0 2.2.26) jaise sUtra tathA " nir prAdayaH krAntAdyarthe paJcamyA: " ( mahA0 2.2.18 ) jaisI aneka vArtikoM kI racanA karanI par3egI, jina meM paryApta gaurava (vistAra) hogA / dra0 408 ( vApa0 3.14.36 tathA isa prasaMga kI anya kArikAyeM) isaliye isa prakAra ke aneka prayogoM kA ullekha yahAM paramalaghumaMjUSA meM tathA vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ( pR0 270 ) meM kiyA gayA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only parantu yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki uparyukta prayogoM meM avayavoM kI apekSA jo atirikta artha prakaTa hotA hai vaha kyA 'ekArthIbhAva' - kRta hai ?' 'ekArthIbhAva' kA abhiprAya yahI to hai ki zabda ke avayavabhUta pada apanI vibhinnArthatA kA parityAga karake eka viziSTa artha ke sAtha samAsa Adi vRttiyoM ke prayogoM meM upasthita hote haiM / para yadi avayavoM meM vaha artha hai hI nahIM to unheM 'ekArthIbhAva' ke siddhAnta meM kahAM se prastuta kiyA jA sakegA / saMbhavata: isIlie bhASyakAra paMtajali ne ' vyapekSA' pakSa ke doSoM kA parigaNana karAte hue, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, ina uparinirdiSTa 'niSkrAnta' Adi se bhinna

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410 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA kucha anya prayoga dikhAe haiM / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki 'niSkrAnta' ke avayavabhUta 'nis' kA hI artha 'niSkrAnta' mAnA jAtA hai| aisI hI sthiti yahAM ke anya prayogoM meM bhI kalpanIya hai| isa prakAra kA prAzaya svayaM nAgezabhaTTa ne hI laghumaMjUSA tathA mahAbhASya kI apanI uddyota TIkA meM vistAra se prakaTa kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se ina granthoM ke nimna sthala draSTavya haiM : (ka) "yattu niSkauzAmbiH' 'gaurakhara:' ityAdiSu krAnta-jAti-vizeSAdyabhidhAnam ekArthIbhAva-kRtam ityuktam / tanna na / bhASyAnuktatvAt / 'nir' AdInAM pUrvapadAnAM krAntAdyartha-vRttitayA 'uktArthAnAm' iti nyAyena tad-aprayoga-siddha zca / gaura-kharAdezca samudAyasya jAtivizeSe rUr3hi-svIkAreNa na doSa: paMkajAdivat / ekopasthiti-janakatva-rUpa- 'ekArthIbhAva'-kRtatvasya kAntAdi-lope saMbhavAbhAvAcca" (lama0 pR0 1388) / (kha) "vastutastu nir'-Adi-pUrvapadAnAM kAntAdyartha-vRttitayA eSAm arthAnAM na 'ekArthIbhAva'-kRta-vizeSatvam / ata eva tat-kRta-vizeSeSu bhASye naiteSAm uktiH" / (mahA 0 uddyota TIkA-2.1.1, pR0 36) / prathama sthala kI vyAkhyA karate hue laghumaMjUSA kI kalA TIkA meM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki ina paMktiyoM meM nAgeza bhaTTa ne bhaTToji dIkSita tathA kauNDabhaTTa ke kathana kA khaNDana kiyA hai-."dIkSita-bhUSaNa-kRdAdya ktiM khaNDayati 'yatta' iti / samajha meM nahIM AtA ki parama-laghu-maMjUSA meM una bAtoM kA ullekha kyoM milatA hai jinakA svayaM nAgezabhaTTa ne apanI laghu maMjUSA tathA mahAbhASya kI uddyot TIkA meM itane spaSTa zabdoM meM khaNDana kara diyA hai| [vyapekSAvAdI naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM kA mata] yatta vyapekSAvAdino naiyAyika-mImAMsakAdayaH-na samAse zaktiH, 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdau rAjapadAdeH sambandhini lakSaNayaiva 'rAjasambandhavad abhinnaH puruSaH' iti bodhAt / ata eva rAjJaH 'padArthakadezatvAnna tatra 'Rddhasya' ityAdivizeSaNAnvayaH, "padArthaH padArthena anveti na tu padArthaMkadezena" ityukteH, "savizeSaNAnAM vRttir na vRttasya ca' vizeSaNa-yogo na" (mahA0 2.1,1 pR0 14) ityuktezca' / 1. ha.-samAse na / 2. ha..- abhinna / mhaa0-baa| 4. ha.-iti yuktezca / For Private and Personal Use Only

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411 samAmAdi-vRttyartha na vA 'ghanazyAmaH', 'niSkauzAmbiH' 'gorathaH' ityAdAva ivAdi-prayogApattiH / lakSaNayava uktArthatayA "uktArthAnAm aprayogaH' iti nyAyena 'iva' prAdInAm aprayogAt / nApi "vibhASA" (pA0 2.1.11) iti sUtram aAvazyakam / lakSaNayA 'rAjasambandhyabhinnaH" iti bubodhayiSAyAM samAsasya, 'rAja-sambandhavAn' iti bubodhayipAyAM vigrahasya ca prayoga-niyama-sambhavAt / nApi "zaktiH paGa kajazabdavat' (vaibhUsA0, samAsazaktinirNaya, kA0 4) iti 'paGkaja'-zabda-pratidvandvitA zakti-sAdhikA / tatra avayava-zaktim ajAnato'pi tato bodhAt / na ca zaktyagrahe lakSaNa yA tasmAd viziSTArthapratyayaH sambhavati / ata eva rAjapadAdi-zaktyagrahe 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdiSu na bodhaH / na ca "citraguH' ityAdau lakSaNAsambhave'pi aSaSThyarthabahuvrIhau lakSaNAyA asambhavaH, bahuvyutpatti-bhaJjanApattaH, iti vAcyam / 'prAptodakaH' ityAdau 'udaka'pade eva lakSaNA-svIkArAt / pUrvapadasya yaugikatvena tatra lakSaNAyA dhAtu-pratyaya-tadartha-jJAna-sAdhyatayA vilambitatvAta / pratyayAnAM snnihit-pdaarthgt-svaarth-bodhktvvyutpttynurodhaacc| ghaTAdipade cAtiriktA zaktiH kalpyamAnA, pratyeka varNeSu bodhakatve'pi, viziSTe kalpyate, viziSTasyaiva saGketitatvAta / prakRte atyanta-sannidhAnena pratyayAnvaya-saulabhyAya uttarapade eva lakSaNA kalpyate iti vizeSaH / svokRtaM ca ghaTAdipadeSvapi carama-varNasyaiva vAcakatvaM mImAMsakamma nyaiH-ityAhuH / ha0 ---rAjasambandhyabhinna puruSa / vabhUsA0 [10 284] paMkajaprativandI / vahI-rAjAdipada / yahAM agale vAkya ke 'citraguH ityAdI' pATha kI dRSTi se 'rAjapuruSa.' "citraguH' ityAdau yaha pATha bhadhika susaMgata pratIta hotA hai / tulanA karo-vaibhUmA0 [10 285]-"ataeva rAjAdipada-zaktyagrahe 'rAjapuruSaH' 'citraguH' ityAdau na bodh:"| 5. 10-pratyeka / For Private and Personal Use Only

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412 vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA 'vyapekSAbhAva' (sAmarthyaM) ke pratipAdaka naiyAyika tathA mImAMsaka (vidvAn ) jo yaha kahate haiM ki samAsa meM zakti nahIM hai kyoMki 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM, 'rAja' pada Adi kI, 'sambandhI' (artha) meM, 'lakSaNA' - vRtti mAnane se 'rAjasambandhavAn se abhinna puruSa' yaha ( abhISTa ) bodha ho jAyagA / isaliye ( ' rAjan ' zabda kA 'lakSaraNA' ke grAdhAra para 'rAja-sambandha-yukta' prartha mAnane ke kAraNa) 'rAjana' zabda ke 'padArtha ('rAja-sambandha-yukta') kA eka deza (eka bhAga) hone ke kAraNa 'rAjA' artha meM 'Rddhasya' ityAdi vizeSaraNa kA sambandha nahIM hotA kyoMki "padArtha padArtha se (hI) anvita hotA 'padArtha' ke ekadeza ke sAtha nahIM" yaha kahA gayA hai / athavA "vizeSaraNa sahita padoM kA samAsa nahIM hotA aura samAsayukta pada kA vizeSaraNa ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hotA" yaha bhI ( mahA0 2.1.1. pR0 14 meM ) kahA gayA hai| aura na hI 'ghanazyAmaH (bAdala ke samAna kAlA ) ''naSkauzAmbiH' ( kauzAmbI se niSkrAnta), goratha:' (jisa meM baila jute hue haiM aisA ratha) ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'iva' Adi ( 'krAnta', 'yukta' zabdoM) ke prayoga kA doSa hai / kyoMki 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke dvArA hI ( una una prayogoM meM una una pratha a) kathita yA ukta ho jAne ke kAraNa " uktArthAnAm graprayogaH " ( kathita artha ke liye zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA) isa nyAya ke anusAra iva' grAdi (zabdoM) kA ( ina prayogoM meM) uccAraNa nahIM hogA / aura na ( ' vyapekSA' pakSa ke mAnane para aSTAdhyAyI meM) "vibhASA" sUtra kI hI AvazyakatA hogii| kyoMki 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke dvArA 'rAjasambandhI abhinna puruSa' kA bodha karAne kI icchA hone para 'samAsa' kA prayoga tathA 'rAja-sambandha vAlA ( puruSa ) ' isa prakAra kA bodha karAne kI icchA hone para 'vigraha' - vAkya kA prayoga hogA / isa rUpa meM (samAsa tathA vigraha ke) prayoga kI vyavasthA sambhava ho jAyagI / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "paGkaja' zabda ke samAna (samAsa Adi meM bhI samudAya meM hI ) 'zakti' haiM" isa (kathana) ke anusAra 'paGkaja' zabda kA dRSTAnta bhI ( samudAya meM) 'zakti' kA sAdhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki una ( paGkaja" grAdi zabdoM) meM avayavoM (paGaka + n + u grAdi) kI (vAcakatA) 'zakti' ko na jAnane vAloM ko bhI unase ( kamala Adi arthoM kI ) pratIti hotI hai / aura avayavoM kI 'zakti' kA jJAna na hone para 'lakSaNA' (vRtti) ke dvArA una ( ' paGkaja' zabda ke avayavoM) se viziSTa artha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA ( isaliye vahA~ to samudAya meM 'zakti' mAnanA grAvazyaka hai / isI kAraNa (avayavoM kI zakti kA jJAna viziSTa arthabodha kA prayojaka hai isIlie ) 'rAjan' pada yAdi (avayavoM) ke artha kA jJAna na hone para 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM viziSTa artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA / 'citraguH' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM 'lakSaNA' ke sambhava hone para bhI SaSThyartha se bhinna 'bahuvrIhi samAsa meM ( 'lakSaNA' mAnanA) asambhava hai: kyoMki ( unameM 'lakSaNA' (mAnane para ) aneka niyamoM se virodha upasthita hotA hai- yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'prAptodakaH ( jala ne For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 413 prApta kiyA hai jisako vaha grAma) ityAdi, 'aSaSThyartha bahuvrIhi' ke, udAharaNoM meM 'udaka' pada meM hI 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAtI hai (pUrvapada 'prApta' meM nhiiN)| kyoMki pUrvapada ('prApta') ke yaugika hone ke kAraNa (usameM vidyamAna) dhAtu 'prAp' tathA pratyaya ('kta') aura una (dhAtu tathA pratyaya) ke artha ke jJAna se sAdhya hone ke kAraNa 'lakSaNA' vahA~ dera se upasthita hogii| isake atirikta, "pratyaya' (apane) samIpastha pada ke artha se anvita hone vAle svArtha ('saGakhyA' tathA 'karma' Adi) kA bodha karAte haiN|' isa niyama kI anukUlatA bhI ('prAptodaka' ke 'udaka' pada meM hI 'lakSaNA' mAnane meM) hai ('prApta' pada meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane meM nhiiN)| aura 'ghaTa' Adi padoM meM (kalpita 'dhAtuoM tathA 'pratyayoM' se) atirikta 'zakti' kI kalpanA viziSTa (samudAya) meM hI kalpita hotI hai kyoMki viziSTa ('ghaTa' isa prakAra kI prAnupUrvI vAle samudAya) kA hI (ghar3A rUpa artha meM) saMketa kiyA, gayA hai, bhale hI ('pAzrayatA' sambandha se aparyApta rUpa meM) bodhakatA pratyeka varga meM ho| praura prastuta ('prAptodakaH' isa prayoga) meM ('su' pratyaya ke) sarvathA samIpa hone ke kAraNa pratyayArtha ke anvaya kI suvidhA ke liye uttarapada ('udaka') meM 'lakSaNA' kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai-yaha eka vizeSa bAta hai| 'ghaTa', 'paTa' Adi meM bhI (pUrva pUrva vargoM ke tAtparya se viziSTa) carama varNa kI vAcakatA apane ko mImAMsaka kahane vAloM ne (bhI) mAnI hai| naiyAyikoM tathA mImAMsakoM ko abhimata vyapekSAvAda ke svarUpa kI, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, yahAM vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai tathA isa pakSa meM upasthita hone vAle doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue isake lAbhoM kA bhI pradarzana yahAM kiyA gayA hai| na samAse zaktiH puruSa iti bodhAt- 'vyapekSAvAda' ke isa svarUpa-vivecana meM pramukha bAta yaha kahI gayI ki vyapekSAvAdI samAsa Adi 'vRttiyo' meM, avayavoM kI arthavAcikA 'zakti' se atirikta, koI vizeSa 'zakti' nahIM mAnate / samAsa-yukta padoM se jo viziSTa artha kI pratIti hotI hai usakI upapatti, 'vyapekSAvAda' meM, 'lakSaraNA' vRtti kA sahArA lekara, kara lI jAtI hai / jaise---'rAjapuruSaH' isa samasta prayoga meM 'rAjana' zabda kA artha, 'lakSaNA' ke dvArA, 'rAjA kA sambandhI' mAna liyA jAtA hai ('rAjan' zabda ke) 'padArtha' ('rAjA kA sambandhI) meM ('puruSa') pada ke artha (puruSa) kA 'abheda' rUpa se sambandha kara diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra, binA 'samAsa' meM viziSTa 'zakti' mAne hI, avayavArthoM kA paraspara sambandha kara dene se 'rAjA kA sambandhI puruSa' isa abhISTa artha kA bodha ho jAtA hai| ataeva ityuktezca :- isa prakAra 'rAjan' Adi aMzoM kA, 'lakSaNA' ke AdhAra para, 'rAjA kA sambandhI' ityAdi athaM mAnane para eka lAbha yaha hotA hai ki 'rAjapuruSaH' isa samAsa-yukta prayoga meM vidyamAna 'rAjJaH' ke sAtha 'Rddhasya' jaise kisI vizeSaNa kA samdhanba nahIM ho pAtA / isake do kAraNa diye jA sakate haiN| pahalA yaha ki 'rAjana' zabda kA 'padArtha' ('pada' kA pratha) 'rAjA kA sambandhI' hai na ki kevala 'rAjA' / isaliye "padArthaH For Private and Personal Use Only

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414 vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUpA " padArthena anveti na tu tad - ekadezena isa paribhASA ke anusAra 'rAjan' zabda ke 'padArtha' ( ' rAjA kA sambandhI ' ) ke eka bhAga 'rAjJaH (rAjA kA ) ke sAtha 'Rddhasya' yaha vizeSaraNa prayukta nahIM ho pAtA / 'ekArthIbhAva' ko sAmarthya mAnane vAle yaha samAdhAna nahIM de sakate / isakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAbhASya meM eka vacana hai "savizeSaNAnAM vRtti vRttasya vA vizeSaNayogo na " prarthAt vizeSaraNa sahita padoM kA paraspara samAsa nahIM hotA tathA samAsayukta padoM ke avayavoM kA vizeSaraNa se sambandha nahIM hotA / isa vacana ke kAraNa samasta pada 'rAjapuruSaH' ke avayavabhUta SaSThyanta 'rAjJaH ' pada kA 'Rddhasya' isa vizeSaNa se sambandha nahIM hotA / na vA praprayogAt - 'lakSaraNA' vRtti kA prAzrayaraNa karane se dUsarA lAbha yaha hotA hai ki 'ghanazyAmaH', 'niSkauzAmbiH', 'goratha:' jaise prayogoM ke vigraha-vAkyoM meM jo kramazaH 'iva', 'krAnta' tathA 'yukta' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, parantu samasta padoM meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA jisake kAraNa ekArthIbhAva-vAdI ne ina prayogoM kI dRSTi se vyapekSAvAdI para vibhinna arthoM kI vAcanikatA kA doSAropaNa kiyA hai, vaha saba doSa samApta ho jAtA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai ki vyapekSAvAdI yaha mAnatA hai ki 'lakSaNA' ke AdhAra para 'ghanazyAma:' isa samasta zabda ke 'ghana' kA artha 'ghana iva', 'niSkrAntaH' ke 'nisa' kA artha 'niSkrAnta' tathA 'gorathaH ' ke 'go' kA artha 'go-yukta' hai / isaliye ina zabdoM ke dvArA hI ina abhISTa grarthoM kA jJAna ho jAne ke kAraNa samAsa meM punaH 'iva' Adi zabdoM ke prayoga kiye jAne kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI kyoMki eka prasiddha niyama hai - " uktArthAnAm aprayogaH ' arthAt una zabdoM kA prayoga vaktA nahIM kiyA karatA jinake artha, unake vAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiye binA hI, svataH vAkya meM prakaTa ho jAte haiM / " nA'pi 'prayoga-niyama-sambhavAt - " -'lakSaNA' ke samAzrayaNa se tIsarA lAbha yaha hotA hai ki samAsa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM pANini ne jo "vibhASA" sUtra banAyA hai jise 'mahAvibhASA' kahA jAtA hai tathA jisake dvArA sabhI samAsoM kA vidhAna vikalpa karake svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, usa sUtra ko banAne kI prAvazyakatA aba samApta ho jAtI hai / isa "vibhASA" sUtra ke dvArA samAsa-yukta zabda tathA usake vigrahabhUta vAkya donoM kA pranvAkhyAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / parantu 'lakSaNA' kA prAzrayaNa karane vAle vyapekSAvAdiyoM ke yahA~ " vibhASA " sUtra kI prAvazyakatA svataH samApta ho jAtI 1 hai / kyoMki aba do prakAra kI sthitiyA~ sAmane prAtI haiM / eka vaha jisameM vaktA 'lakSaraNA' ke dvArA 'rAjA sambandhI abhinna puruSa' isa artha ko kahanA cAhatA hai tathA dUsarI sthiti vaha hai jisameM, 'lakSaragA' kA sahArA liye binA hI, 'rAja sambandha kA AzrayabhUta puruSa' isa artha ko vaktA kahanA cAhatA hai / ina donoM sthitiyoM meM se pahalI sthiti meM vaktA samAsa kA prayoga karegA tathA dUsarI meM vigraha vAkya kA / samAsAvasthA meM avayavabhUta zabdoM ke sAtha vibhakti ke na hone ke kAraNa 'bheda' sambandha seva asambhava hai / ataH donoM avayavapadoM ke arthoM kA 'abheda' sambandha se anvaya hogA / parantu vigraha vAkya meM SaSThI vibhakti ke prayukta hone ke kAraNa usake dvArA sambandha kA kathana karAyA jA sakatA hai / isaliye vahA~ 'prAzrayatA' sambandha se anvaya hogA / isa prakAra bhinna bhinna viSaya hone ke kAraNa samAsa-yukta pada tathA vigraha vAkya kI sthiti kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 415 niyamana apane Apa ho jAyagA -- usake liye "vibhASA" sUtra banAne kI AvazkatA nahIM rhegii| nApi ..."na bodhaH-- ekArthIbhAvavAdI vidvAnoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki jisa prakAra 'paMja' zabda meM samudAya meM 'abhidhA' vRtti mAnI jAtI hai usake avayavoM meM nahIM, usI prakAra samAsa Adi meM bhI samudAya meM hI 'zakti' mAnanI caahiye| ekArthIbhAvavAdI vidvAnoM ke isa kathana kA hI yahA~, vyapekSAvAda kI dRSTi se, khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / vyapekSAvAdI kA kahanA yaha hai ki 'paMkaja' zabda kI to sthiti hI aura hai / jo loga 'paGka+jan+Da' isa prakAra ke avayava-vibhAga ko nahIM jAnate unheM bhI 'paGkaja' zabda ko sunane para 'kamala' artha kA bodha ho jAtA hai / yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki 'paMkaja' zabda ke avayavoM kI 'abhidhA' vRtti kA jJAna na hone para bhI, 'lakSaNA' ke dvArA 'kamala' artha kA jJAna ho jAyagA kyoMki 'zakyArtha' yA 'abhidheyArtha' ke jJAna ke binA 'lakSaNA' vRtti upasthita ho hI nahIM sktii| isaliye 'paGkaja' zabda ke avayavoM se viziSTa artha (kamala) kA jJAna 'lakSaNA' dvArA nahIM ho sktaa| isa kAraNa vahA~ to 'paGkaja' zabda ke samudAya meM 'abhidhA' zakti mAnane ke atirikta dUsarA koI upAya hai hI nhiiN| parantu rAjapuruSaH' Adi prayogoM meM to jaba taka inake avayavoM ke artha kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA taba taka kisI ko bhI inase 'rAjA kA puruSa' isa viziSTa artha kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| isaliye una avayavoM ke 'zakyArtha' ke AdhAra para ina prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti hI mAnanI cAhiye na ki samudAya meM 'zakti' / isa prakAra vyapekSAvAdI naiyAyika Adi vidvAn 'rAjapuruSaH' tathA 'citraguH' ityAdi prayogoM meM, 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke AdhAra para, inake avayavArtha se abhipreta artha kA prakAzana mAnate haiM / na ca 'citragu':... ''vyutpattyanurodhAcca :-yahA~ 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta para, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM, yaha AkSepa kiyA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatayA 'rAjapuruSaH', 'citraguH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke AdhAra para bhale hI viziSTa artha kA jJAna ho jAya parantu 'prAptodako grAmaH' jaise bahuvrIhi samAsa ke una prayogoM meM, jinameM SaSThI yA saptamI vibhakti kA artha nahIM hai, 'lakSaNA' vRtti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, kyoMki aisA mAnane meM "samAnAdhikaraNa-nAmArthayor abhedAnvayaH" tathA "prakRti-pratyayArthayoH pratyayArthasyaiva prAdhAnyam" ityAdi aneka svIkRta nyAyoM kA virodha upasthita hotA hai| yahA~ ke 'aSaSThyartha bahuvrIhi' pada meM nirdiSTa 'SaSThI' pada ko saptamI kA bhI upalakSaka mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki saptamyartha bahuvrIhi meM bhI ve doSa nahIM pAte jinakI carcA yahA~ kI jA rahI hai / isa pUrvapakSa kI dRSTi se nimna kArikA draSTavya hai :-- aSaSThyartha-bahuvrIhI vyutpattyantara-kalpanA / klupta-tyAgaz cAsti tatki zakti na kalpayeH // vaibhUsA0 pR0 173 isa prAkSepa meM jo bAta kahI gayI hai usakI vistAra se carcA svayaM nAgeza ne hI mAge isI prakaraNa meM kI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 416 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA isa prAkSepa ke uttara meM, vyapekSAvAdI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se, yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki 'prAptodako grAmaH' jaise, SaSThI vibhakti ke artha se rahita, bahuvrIhi ke prayogoM meM jo bhI doSa dikhAye gaye haiM ve tabhI utpanna hote haiM yadi inake pUrvapada 'prApta' ityAdi padoM meM lakSaNA mAnI jAya / para yadi 'prApta' jaise pUrvapadoM maiM 'lakSaNA' na mAna kara uttarapada 'udaka' Adi meM 'lakSaraNA' mAnI jAya to koI doSa nahIM dikhAI detA / uttarapada 'udaka' meM hI 'lakSaNA' kyoM mAnI jAya isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'prApta' zabda yaugika hai isaliye usameM 'lakSaNA' mAnane se pahale 'pra' upasarga, 'Ap' dhAtu tathA 'kta' pratyaya ina saba avayavoM tathA unake arthoM kA jJAna honA zrAvazyaka hai / ina sabakA jJAna ho jAne para hI 'prApta' pada meM 'lakSaraNA' mAnI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra 'prApta' pada meM 'lakSaNA' dera se upasthita hogI / parantu 'udaka' zabda rUr3hi hai isaliye vahA~ prakRti, pratyaya tathA unake artha- jJAna ke binA hI, kevala usake arthajJAna ke pazcAt hI, 'lakSaNA' kI upasthiti ho sakatI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isake atirikta 'udaka' pada meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane kA eka aura bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki sarvathA samIpa aura pUrva meM vidyamAna jo pada usake artha se hI anvita hone vAle apane artha ( 'saGkhyA', 'karma' Adi) kA bodha 'pratyaya' karAyA karate haiM' ' pratyayAH sannihitapadArthagata svArtha- bodhakA bhavanti' yaha eka sarvasammata nyAya hai / isa nyAya ke kAraNa hI 'rAjapuruSam granaya' isa prayoga meM 'rAjA' ke sAtha pratyaya 'am' vibhakti ke artha ('karmatva' Adi) kA pranvaya nahIM hotA kyoMki 'rAjana' zabda, bhale hI isa 'am' pratyaya se pUrva hai parantu vaha 'am' ke sarvathA samIpa nahIM hai / usake sarvathA samIpa to 'puruSa' pada hai / isaliye 'am' pratyaya, apane se sarvathA samIpa aura pUrva meM vidyamAna, isa 'puruSa' pada ke artha meM anvita hone vAle apane artha ( 'karmatva' tathA 'ekatva') kA bodha karAtA hai| yadi 'puruSa' pada ke samAna 'rAjana' ke artha ke sAtha bhI usakA granvaya hone lage taba to yahA~, do ke hone ke kAraNa dvivacanatA kI prApti hone lagegI tathA 'puruSa' ke samAna, 'rAjA ko lAmo, yaha artha bhI isa vAkya se prakaTa hone lagegA / ataH isa nyAya ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| isa nyAya kI anukUlatA bhI isI bAta meM hai ki 'prAptodako grAmaH ' isa prayoga meM 'udaka' zabda meM 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAya kyoMki 'prAptodakaH' meM 'su' vibhakti hai vaha 'udaka' ke artha se hI samanvita ho sakatI hai 'prApta' ke artha se nhiiN| isa prakAra 'udaka' zabda kA, 'lakSaNA - vRtti' ke dvArA artha hogA "udaka' hai 'karttA' jisameM aisI prApti' hai 'karma' jisameM vaha (grAma) " tathA 'udaka' zabda ke isa lakSya artha kA dyotaka athavA tAtparya - grAhaka hogA ' prApta' pada, arthAt 'prAptodaka:' isa prayoga kA 'prApta' pada isa bAta kI sUcanA degA ki yahA~ 'udaka' zabda kA lakSya artha hai - "udaka' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'prApti' hai 'karma' jisameM " / isa prakAra jaba ina donoM kAraNoM se uttarapada 'udaka' Adi pada meM hI 'lakSaNA' mAnI jA sakatI hai, pUrvapada prApta' prAdi meM nahIM, to pUrvapakSI ke dvArA pradarzita doSa ina prayogoM meM upasthita nahIM hote / .. ghaTAdi pade saGketitvAt yahA~ yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki upaya ukta nyAya - "pratyaya apane samIpa ke pada ke artha se granvita svArtha ke bodhaka hote haiM"--- kI anukUlatA kI dRSTi se to 'ghaTam' ityAdi padoM meM bhI pratyaya ( 'am' vibhakti) se gravyava - hita pUrvavartI antima varNa 'Ta' meM vidyamAna 'pra' ko 'ghaTa' artha kA vAcaka mAnanA cAhiye jisameM samanvita hone vAle 'karmatva' artha kA bodha 'am' pratyaya karAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 417 sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnanA cAhiye ki 'Ta' meM vidyamAna 'a' kA 'ghaTa' artha hai tathA isa 'ghaTa' zabda ke anya pUrvavartI varNa 'a' ke isa 'ghaTa' rUpa tAtparya ke dyotakamAtra haiN| para aisA kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA? ima prazna ke uttara meM yahA~ yaha kahA gayA ki 'ghaTam' ityAdi prayogoM meM, 'ghaTa' aAdi padoM meM vidyamAna dhAtu Adi ke athaM se, atirikta artha kI jo kalpanA kI jAtI hai vaha 'gha+ ++a isa aAnupUrvI vAle viziSTa samudAya ke artha ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai kyoMki koza Adi meM usa usa viziSTa samudAya ke artha ke rUpa meM hI ve ve artha saMketita haiN| isa prakAra, yadyapi 'adhikaraNatA' yA 'AzrayatA' sambandha se pada ke pratyeka varNa meM bodhakatA rahatI hai phira bhI, una una vargoM ke samudAya meM una una arthoM kA saMketa hone ke kAraNa una una samudAyoM ko hI una una arthoM kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai| prakRte ca.... 'mImAMsakammanyair ityAhuH-parantu prakRta yA prastuta udAharaNa 'prAptodako grAmaH' meM, 'ghaTam' ityAdi prayogoM se, bhinna sthiti hai / 'ghaTa' Adi padoM ke antima varNa svataMtra rUpa se artha ke bodhaka dikhAI nahIM dete tathA gh+a++a isa pUre varNa-samudAya kA 'ghar3A' isa viziSTa artha meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isaliye yahA~ 'am'pratyaya ke sarvathA samIpa hone para bhI 'ghaTa' ke antima varNa 'a' ko 'ghar3A' artha kA vAcaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / parantu yahA~ 'prAptodaka:' meM 'su' pratyaya kI atyanta samIpatA to 'udaka' ke sAtha hai hI, sAtha hI koza Adi meM 'prAptodaka' isa pUre samudAya kA kisI viziSTa artha meM saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa pratyayArtha ke anvaya kI sukaratA ke liye uttarapada 'udaka' meM hI 'lakSaNA' kI kalpanA ucita hai| 'ghaTa' prAdi padoM kI apekSA prAptodaka' jaise samAsayukta padoM ke uttarapada meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane meM pratyayArtha ke anvaya meM adhika sukaratA hai| yahI ina 'prAptodaka' Adi samasta padoM kI 'ghaTa' Adi padoM se vizeSatA hai| aura yadi, jaisA ki pUrvapakSI kA kahanA hai, 'pratyaya' ke atyanta samIpa hone ke kAraNa 'ghaTa' Adi padoM meM bhI antima barNa ko hI 'ghaTa' artha kA vAcaka mAnA jAya to usameM bhI koI vizeSa Apatti nahIM haiM kyoMki mImAMsaka vidvAn, 'ghaTa' Adi padoM ke pUrva pUrva ke vargoM ko una una 'ghaTa' Adi arthoM kA tAtparya-grAhaka mAnate hue padoM ke antima varNa ko hI 'ghaTa' Adi artha kA vAcaka mAnate haiN| isaliye upayukta nyAya- "pratyayAH sannihita-padArtha-gata-svArtha-bodhakA bhavanti'-ke anusAra 'prAptodakaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM uttarapada meM 'lakSaNA' mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM paataa| isa prakAra 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta ke anusAra pada ke avayavArthoM kA hI 'AkAMkSA' Adi ke dvArA, pArasparika sambandha sthApita karake una una arthoM kA vAcaka pada hai-yaha mAnane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| isa taraha pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM yahA~ 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gyaa| vyapekSAvAda ke isa pratipAdana meM yahA~ parama-laghu-maMjUSA meM jisa zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai vaha pUrI kI pUrI, do cAra zabdoM ke antara ke sAtha, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ke samAsa-zakti-nirNaya ke prakaraNa meM prayukta zabdAvalI se lagabhaga abhinna hai (dra0-vabhUsA0 pR0 282-286) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 418 [ 'vyapekSA' - pakSa kA khaNDana ] www.kobatirth.org 1. vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yahAM (uttara ke rUpa meM yaha ) kahA jAtA hai ki - 'samAsa' meM 'zakti' na mAnane para, viziSTa ( samudAya) kI arthavattA na hone ke kAraNa, (samAsa- yukta pada kI ) 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogI / isIliye ('zakti' ke na hone se pUre samudAya ko anarthaka mAnate hue ) " prarthavad pradhAtur grapratyaH prAtipadikam " sUtra ke bhASya meM " 'arthavat ' zabda (sUtra meM) kisa liye hai ? athavAn avayavoM kA samUha ( samudAya meM 'zakti' na rahane ke kAraNa ) anarthaka hotA hai / (jaise) dasa anAra, chaH pUe, kuNDa, bakare kA carma" yaha ('arthavat', isa aMza kA ) pratyudAharaNa diyA gayA hai / isa rUpa meM tumhAre mata meM 'rAjan' tathA 'puruSa' padoM meM se pratyeka ke arthavAn hone para bhI ( pUre 'rAjapuruSa' isa samudAya kI, 'dasa anAra' Adi ke samAna anarthaka hone ke kAraNa, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM prApta hogI / 2. pratrocyate - samAse zaktyasvIkAre viziSTasya arthavattvAbhAvena prAtipadikatvaM na syAt' / zrata eva "prarthavat 0 " sUtre ( pA0 1.2.45 ) bhASye "prarthavat' iti kim ? zrarthavatAM samudAyo'narthakaH / daza dADimAni', SaD prapUpAH, kuNDam, grajAjinam" iti pratyudAhRtam / evaM ca rAja-puruSapadayos tvanmate pratyekam arthavattve'pi samudAyasya dazadADimAdivad pranarthakatvAt prAtipadikatvA'nApatteH / na ca " kRttaddhita 0 " ( pA0 1.2.46 ) iti sUtre 'samAsa'grahaNAt tatsaMjJeti vAcyam / tasya niyamArthatAyA bhASyakRtaiva pratipAditatvAt / anyathA siddhi vinA niyamA'yogAt / ata eva 'rAjJaH puruSaH' 'devadattaH pacati' ityAdi vAkyasya 'mUlakena' upadaMzam' ityAdezca na prAtipadikatvam / " kRt-taddhita-samAsAzca" isa sUtra meM 'samAsa' (pada) ke graharaNa se ('rAjapuruSa' Adi kI ) vaha ( ' prAtipadika') saMjJA ho jAyegI - yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ne usa ('samAsa' pada) kI niyamArthakatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / anya prakAra se ( sUtra meM 'samAsa' pada ke binA hI samAsayukta Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa paMkti ke lie tulanA karo - vaibhUsA0 pR0 287 ; atrocyate samAse zaktyasvIkAre tasya prAtipadikasaMjJAdikaM na syAt / tulanA karo - mahA0 (1.2.45 pR056-58) [' arthavad' - grahaNaM kimartham ?] 'arthavad' iti vyapadezAya / * arthaMvati anekapadaprasaMga: / 'arthavad' iti prAtipadikasaMjJAyAm anekasyApi padasya prAtipadikasaMjJA prApnoti- 'daza dADimAni', 'SaD apUpA:', 'kuNDam', 'ajAjinam', palalapiNDaH ', adharorukam etat kumAryA:', 'spheyakRtasya pitA pratizIna:' iti ? samudAyo'tra anarthaka: / 3. ha0 - dADimA: / 4. ha0 - 'mUla kenopadaMzam ityAdezca' anupalabdha / For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 416 padoM kI prAtipadika' saMjJA kI) siddhi ke abhAva meM ('samAsa' pada ke sAtha) niyama kA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| isIliye (uparyukta sUtra meM 'samAsa' pada ke niyAmaka hone ke kAraNa) 'rAjJaH puruSaH' (rAjA kA puruSa), 'devadattaH pacati' (devadatta pakAtA hai) ityAdi vAkya kI tathA 'mUlakena upadaMzam' (mUlI se svAdapUrvaka) ityAdi (prayogoM) kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hotii| ___pada ke avayavabhUta padAMzoM ke pArasparika anvaya rUpa 'vyapekSA'-siddhAnta ke khaNDana meM eka vizeSa hetu yaha yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki yadi viziSTa samudAya meM arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti' nahIM mAnI gaI to 'rAjapuruSaH' Adi prayogoM meM 'rAja' tathA 'puruSa' kA samudAya arthavAn nahIM hogaa| arthavattA ke abhAva meM isa prakAra ke samudAyoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogii| 'prAtipAdika' saMjJA kA vidhAyaka sUtra hai-"arthavad adhAtur apratyayaH praatipdikm"| isakA abhiprAya hai-'dhAtu' tathA 'pratyaya' se atirikta jo arthavAn zabda unakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hotI hai / yahAM 'arthavat' zabda meM 'artha' zabda ke sAtha, prazaMsA artha meM 'matup' pratyaya prayukta hai| zabda kI prazaMsA isa bAta meM hai ki vaha 'abhidhA' Adi 'vRttiyoM' ke dvArA kisI artha kA bodhaka ho| isa prakAra 'arthavat' isa vizeSaNa kA abhiprAya yaha huA ki jo 'vRtti' ke dvArA artha kA janaka ho aisA vizeSya bhUta shbdsvruup| isaliye yadi 'rAjapuruSaH' Adi pUre samudAya ko viziSTa artha kA vAcaka na mAnA gayA to vaha samudAyabhUta zabdasvarUpa arthavAn nahIM hogaa| arthavattA ke abhAva meM usakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA bhI nahIM hogI tathA, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke AdhAra para hone vAlI, 'su' Adi vibhaktiyA~ ina zabdoM ke sAtha yukta nahIM ho skeNgii| isa taraha ananta zabda 'apada' athavA asAdhu ho jaayeNge| "arthavat" sUtre ..." prAtipadikatvAnApatteH-jisa prakAra 'daza dADimAni' ityAdi samudAya kI, jisake avayava to arthavAn haiM para jo svayaM arthavAn nahIM hai, arthavattA ke abhAva meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hotI isI prakAra, yadi vyapekSAvAdiyoM ke anusAra, kevala 'rAjA' tathA 'puruSa' ina avayavoM ko hI sArthaka mAnA gayA, avayava-viziSTa samudAya ko arthavAn nahIM mAnA gayA, to 'rAjapuruSaH' isa samudAya kI bhI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hogii| isI abhiprAya ko batAne ke liye mahAbhASya ke tathAkathita aMza ko yahA~ udgha ta kiyA gyaa| na ca ...."na prAtipadikatvam :- yahAM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'vyapekSAvAda' ke anusAra, arthavattA na hone ke kAraNa, rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi samAsayukta samudAyoM kI, "arthavadadhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam" sUtra se bhale hI 'prAtipadika saMjJA na ho, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke vidhAyaka dUsare sUtra "kRttaddhitasamAsAzca" se ina padoM kI 'prAtipadika saMjJA ho jaaygii| parantu yaha bAta isaliye mAnya nahIM hai ki pataMjali ne "kRttaddhitasamAsAzca" sUtra ke 'samAsa' pada ko niyamArthaka mAnA hai| isa niyamArthakatA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi kisI arthavAn samudAya kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ho to kevala samAsa vAle padoM kI hI ho / dra0 ---"arthavatsasamudAyAnAM samAsagrahaNaM niyamArthaM bhaviSyati samAsa eva arthavatAM samudAya: prAtipadikasaMjJo bhavati nAnyaH" (mahA 1.2.45) / isa niyAmakatA ke kAraNa hI 'rAjJaH puruSaH', 'devadattaH pacati' ityAdi vAkyoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hotii| yahAM dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki uparyukta 'samAsa' pada ko niyAmaka tabhI mAnA jA sakatA hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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420 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAMta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yadi 'rAja-puruSa:' prAdi samAsa yukta prayogoM meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kI siddhi ( prApti ) usake pahale ke sUtra "arthavadadhAtu0 " se hI ho jaay| pahale se 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kI prApti ke prabhAva 'samAsa' pada ko kadApi niyAmaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki taba to yaha pada niyAmaka na hokara 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kA vidhAyaka bana jAegA / isa rUpa meM 'samAsa' pada ke niyAmaka hone ke kAraNa hI, "tRtIyAprabhRtIni anyatarasyAm" ( pA0 2.2.21) isa sUtra ke anusAra samAsAbhAva pakSa meM niSpanna hone vAle 'mUlakena upadaMzaM bhuGaGkte' isa prayoga meM 'mUlakenopadaMzam' isa aMza kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hotI / yadi yaha niyama na upasthita ho to "kRttaddhitasamAsAzca" isa sUtra ke 'kRt' aMza ke AdhAra para uparyukta prayoga meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kI aniSTa prApti hogI kyoMki "kRd-grahaNe gati kAraka - pUrvasyApi grahaNaM bhavati" (paribhASenduzekhara, pari0 saM0 28) isa paribhASA ke anusAra 'mUlakenopadazaMm' yaha pUrA samudAya kRdanta mAnA jAyagA / [lAkSaNika arthavattA ke prAdhAra para bhI samAsayukta padoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA upapanna nahIM ho pAtI ] kiMca samAse zaktyasvIkAre zakya-sambandha-rUpa- lakSaNAyA zrapyasambhavena lAkSaNikArthavattvasyApyasambhavena sarvathA prAtipadikatvAbhAva eva nizcitaH syAd iti svAdyanutpattau " prapadaM na prayuMjIta" iti bhASyAt samasta prayogavilayApatteH / isake atirikta, samAsa meM zakti na mAnane para, 'zakya' (artha) ke sambandha rUpa 'lakSaNA' ke bhI asambhava hone ke kAraNa, lAkSaNika arthavattA ke bhI asaMbhava hone se 'prAtipAdika' saMjJA kA prabhAva hI sarvathA nizcita hai / isaliye ( ' prAtipadika' saMjJA ke na hone kAraNa ) 'su' prAdi vibhaktiyoM ke na Ane para, "prapada kA prayoga na kare " isa bhASya ( ke kathana ) se sabhI ( samAsayukta) prayogoM kA vinAza hone lagegA | yahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Upara, "kRttaddhitasamAsAzca' sUtra ke 'samAsa' pada ko niyAmaka batAne ke liye samAsayukta prayogoM kI sAmudAyika arthavattA mAna kara, jisa prakAra samasta padoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA siddha kI gayI usa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / sAmudAyika arthavattA mAne binA hI, lAkSaNika arthavattA ke zabdoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ho sakatI hai / AdhAra para bhI to, samasta isa bAta kA uttara ina paMktiyoM meM yaha diyA gayA hai ki yadi samAsayukta samudAya kA apanA koI viziSTa artha hai hI nahIM to phira vahA~ 'lakSaNA' vRtti upasthita hI kaise ho sakatI hai / 'lakSaNA' kI paribhASA svayaM naiyAyika hI yaha mAnate haiM ki " zakya arthAt abhidhA zakti se prakaTa hone vAle artha kA sambandha' hI 'lakSaNA' haiM / isaliye yaha zakya - sambandharUpA, 'lakSaNA' taba taka upasthita nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka usa pUre samudAya kA koI viziSTa 'zakya' ('abhivA' vRtti-janya zabdArtha ) na mAnA jAya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyarthaM 421 yahA~ usa viziSTa 'zakya' grartha ko naiyAyika mAnate hI nhiiN| isaliye 'lakSaraNA' kI bAta svataH samApta ho jAtI hai| isa taraha, 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke upasthita na hone para, lakSyArtha kI upasthiti nahIM hogI / lakSyArtha ke abhAva meM samasta zabda kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA tathA tadAzrita 'su' Adi vibhaktiyoM kI utpatti nahIM hogI / isa rUpa meM sAre samAsa-yukta pada 'apada', arthAt asAdhu, ho jAyaMge tathA 'prapada' hone ke kAraNa, "apadaM na prayujIta " isa niyama ke anusAra, isa prakAra ke prayogoM kA lopa ho jAyagA / [samAsayukta padoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ke upapAdana kA eka anya upAya tathA usakA nirAkaraNa ] patha ' tip tas - bhi' ityataH 'ti' ityArabhya 'Gi- pros -sup' iti pakAreNa 'tip' pratyAhAro bhASya-siddhaH / tat-paryudAsena "pratip prAtipadikam " ityeva sUtryatAm / tataH " samAsazca" iti sUtraM niyamArtham astu kiM sUtradvayena / iti 'supa tiGanta bhinnaM prAtipadikam ' ityarthAt samAsvApi sAsvAd iti 'samAsazca' ityasya niyamArthatvaM sulabham iti cet ? satyam / pratyekaM varNeSu saMjJA - vAraNAya 'prarthavat' ityasya zrAvazyakatvena samAse'vyAptis tad-pravasthaiva / tathA ca 'prAtipadika' - saMjJArUpa' kAryam eva 'arthavattvam' anumA payati / samAso'rthavAn prAtipadikatvAt / yan na arthavat na prAtipadikam / prabhedapakSe 'bhU sattAyAm ' ( pA0 dhAtupATha 1.1) ityAdyanukararaNavad iti / tana aba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki ( prathama puruSa ke ) 'tipa', 'tas', 'bhi' isa ( tip ke) 'ti' se prArambha kara ke (saptamI vibhakti ke) 'Gi', 'os', 'sup' isa ('sup' ke) 'pakAra' taka ko ( apane antargata karane vAlA) 'tip' pratyAhAra bhASya meM svIkRta hai / usa ( tip pratyAhAra) ke paryudAsa (niSedha) ke sAtha " pratip pratipadikam " ( tip' - bhinna prAtipadika hai ) itanA sUtra banAyA jaay| usake bAda "samAsazca" (aura samAsa arthAt samasta zabda kI bhI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hotI hai) yaha sUtra niyamArthaka banA diyA jaay| do ( " arthavad adhAtur-pratyayaH prAtipadikam " tathA "kRttaddhita - samAsAzca" ina ) sUtroM kI kyA AvazyakatA ? isa rUpa meM 'subanta tathA 'tiGanta' (zabdoM) se bhinna (zabda) prAtipadika' hoM isa artha ke anusAra 'samAsa' kI bhI vaha ('prAtipadika' saMjJA ) prApta ho jAyagI tathA ' ( prAtipadika' saMjJA ke siddha ho jAne para ) "samAsazca " isa sUtra kI niyamArthatA AsAnI se ho jAyagI ? 1. ha0 - saMjJArUpaM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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422 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA yaha bAta satya hai parantu pratyeka varNa meM ('prAtipadika') saMjJA ke nivAraNArtha 'arthavat' isa (vizeSaNa) ke Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa (samAsa kI arthavattA ke abhAva meM) samAsa meM ('prAtipadika' saMjJA kI) avyApti pUrvavat hI hai| isa prakAra (samAsa-yukta zabdoM kI) 'prAtipadika' saMjJArUpa kArya (samAsa ko) arthavattA(rUpa kAraNa) kA anumAna karAtA hai / samAsa arthavAn hai, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hone ke kAraNa, jo arthavAn nahIM hai vaha 'prAtipadika' nahIM hai, ('anukArya' tathA 'anukaraNa' ke) 'abheda'-pakSa meM 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi meM 'anukaraNa' ('bhU ) ke smaan| atha..." iti cet :-- ina paMktiyoM meM pUrvapakSI ne samAsa ke prayogoM ko viziSTa arthavattA se yukta mAne binA hI unakI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kA eka aura upAya prastuta kiyaa| vaha yaha ki "arthavad adhAtu:0" tathA "kRttaddhita0" ina do bar3e bar3e sUtroM ke sthAna para do choTe choTe sUtra banAye jaayeN| pahalA sUtra ho "atip prAtipadikam" jisakA artha hogA "tiGanta tathA subanta zabdoM se bhinna zabdoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA ho' / pataMjali ne bhI prathama puruSa ke tip', 'tas', jhi' kI 'tip' vibhakti meM vidyamAna 'tip' se lekara saptamI vibhakti ke 'Di', 'pos', 'sup', ke antima 'sup' meM vidyamAna 'pa',taka eka 'pratyAhAra' mAnA hai| "arthavata0" isa satra ke bhASya meM "apratyayaH iti ceta tiba-ekAdeze pratiSedho'ntavattvAt" isa vArtika meM prayukta 'tip' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kaiyaTa ne spaSTa likhA hai-- "tipas tizabdAd Arabhya supa: pakAreNa pratyAhAraH" (mahA0 2.1.45, pR0 67-68) / isa prakAra isa prathama sUtra "atip prAtipadikam" se samAsa vAle prayogoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA siddha ho jaayegii| dUsarA sUtra hogA- "samAsazca" / pahale sUtra "atip prAtipadikam" se hI samAsa kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA siddha hai, isalie yaha sUtra niyAmaka hogA ki 'yadi sup-tiG-bhinna samudAya kI prAtipadika' saMjJA ho to kevala samAsayukta prayogoM kI hI ho'| isa prakAra donoM hI kAma ho jaayeNge| pUrvapakSa ke dvArA isa rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye uparyukta upAya ke nirAkaraNa ke rupa meM yaha kahA gayA ki kevala "atip prAtipadikam" itane sUtra se hI kAma nahIM clegaa| arthavAn zabdoM meM vidyamAna anarthaka varNoM kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA na ho jAya isalie vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM 'arthavat' zabda to sUtra meM rakhanA hI hogA aura usake rahane para samAsa ke prayogoM meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA kA prabhAva bhI pUrvavat hI sthira rhegaa| aisI sthiti meM Upara kA sArA prayAsa vyartha hai / isa prakAra, 'arthavat' isa vizeSaNa ke anivArya hone para, samAsa vAle prayogoM kI 'prAtipadika' sajJA sabhI ko abhISTa hai isaliye, samAsa-yukta padoM kI sAmudAyika arthavattA, athavA samudAya meM arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti', bhI 'anumAna' pramANa ke AdhAra para siddha mAnanI cAhie / 'anumAna' pramANa kA svarUpa yahAM yaha hai ki arthavattA 'kAraNa' hai tathA 'prAtipadika' saMjJA 'kArya' / 'kAraNa' ke hone para hI 'kArya' hotA hai| samAsayukta prayogoM meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA rUpa 'kArya' dikhAI detA hai, ataH arthavattA rUpa 'kAraNa' ko bhI vahAM vidyamAna mAnanA hI cAhiye / jahA~ arthavattA rUpa 'kAraNa' nahIM For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 423 hai vahAM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA rUpa 'kArya' bhI nahIM hotaa| jaise- anukaraNa' tathA 'anukArya' ko abhinna mAna kara kiye jAne vAle 'bhU sattAyAm' ityAdi prayogoM meM vidyamAna 'bhU' isa graMza kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA nahIM hotii| yahAM 'bhU' dhAtu 'anukArya' hai / usa 'bhU' dhAtu ke artha kA nirdeza karane ke lie usakA anukaraNa 'bhU sattAyAm' isa vAkya meM kiyA gayA / yahA~ 'anukArya' aura 'anukaraNa' ko abhinna mAnate hue 'anukaraNa' bhUta 'bhU' zabda ko anarthaka mAnA gayA kyoMki vAstavika arthavattA to 'bhU' dhAtu kI hai| isa prakAra arthavattA rUpa 'kAraNa' ke abhAva meM 'bhU' isa aMza meM 'prAtipadika' saMjJA rUpa 'kArya' bhI nahIM dikhAyI detaa| isa rUpa meM, jisa taraha dhUma rUpa 'kArya' se usake 'kAraNa' Aga kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA rUpa 'kArya' se usake 'kAraNa' rUpa arthavattA kA bhI anumAna sukara hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki samAsa vAle prayogoM ke samudAya meM viziSTa 'zakti' athavA arthavattA hotI hI hai| [vyapekSAvAdI ke eka anya kathana kA khaNDana] yatta "padArthaH padArthena." iti "vRttasya vizeSaNayogo na" iti vacanadvayena 'Rddhasya' ityAdivizeSaraNAnvayo na bhavati, tattu samAse ekArthIbhAve svIkRte'vayavAnAM nirarthakatvena vizeSaNAnvayAsambhavAt phalitArtha-param / yuSmAkaM tu apUrva-vAcanikam iti gauravam ityagne vakSyate / jo yaha kahA gayA ki- "padArtha padArtha se anvita hotA hai padArtha ke eka deza se nahIM" athavA "vizeSaNa sahita kA samAsa nahIM hotA tathA samAsayukta prayoga kA vizeSaNa se sambandha nahIM hotA" ina donoM vacanoM se ('vyapekSA' pakSa meM 'rAjapuruSaH' ke 'rAjJaH' ke sAtha) 'Rddhasya' ityAdi vizeSaNoM kA sambandha nahIM ho pAtA-vaha (saba) to, samAsa meM 'ekArthI bhAva' sAmArthya mAnane para, ('rAjan' ityAdi) avayavoM ke nirarthaka hone se (unake sAtha) vizeSaraNa kA sambandha asambhava hone ke kAraNa ('ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya mAnane vAle) hamAre mata meM, svataH siddha bAta ko kahane vAle haiN| parantu ('vyapekSA' sAmarthya mAnane vAle) tumhAre mata meM ina apUrva (jo svataH siddha nahIM haiM) bAtoM ko 'vacana' (niyama-vAkya) banAkara kahanA pdd'egaa| yaha gaurava (vistAra doSa) hai isa bAta ko Age kheNge| Upara (dra0 --- pR0 413-14) 'vyapekSAvAda' ke samarthana meM yaha kahA gayA thA ki isa mata meM eka lAbha yaha hai ki 'rAjapuruSaH' jaisa prayogoM meM 'rAjan' zabda kA, 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke AdhAra para, 'rAjA kA sambandhI' artha hogaa| isalie 'rAjan' zabda ke artharUpa isa 'padArtha' (rAjA kA sambandhI) ke ekadeza (eka bhAga) 'rAjA' ke sAtha 'Rddhasya' jaise For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vizeSaNa nahIM laga sakeMge kyoMki "padArthaH padArthena anveti na tu tad-eka-dezena" yaha sarva-sammata paribhASA hai| parantu 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya meM yaha lAbha nahIM dikhAI detaa| isa kA uttara dete hue yahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya meM to 'rAjan' jaise avayavabhUta padoM kA koI artha hI nahIM hai| ve to 'rAjapuruSaH' isa viziSTa samudAya ke artha meM ekIbhUta ho gaye haiN| isaliye anarthaka hone ke kAraNa, binA kisI niyama kA Azraya liye, svataH hI 'Rddhasya' jaise vizeSaNa 'rAjan' jaise avayavabhUta padoM ke sAtha nahIM lagAye jA skte| isa prakAra 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya meM jo bAta svataH siddha hai usI kA anuvAda mAtra uparyukta niyama-vAkyoM meM kiyA gyaa| parantu 'vyapekSAvAda' meM una niyamoM kA prAzrayaNa karanA hI par3atA hai arthAt usakI kI dRSTi se ye niyama-vAkya banAne par3ate haiN| itanA hI nahIM isa taraha ke anya aneka vAkyoM kI racanA karanI par3atI hai jinameM vizeSa gaurava tathA vistAra kA doSa hotA hai jisakI carcA Age kI jaayegii| ["pratyaya apane samIpavartI pada ke artha se sambaddha svArtha ke bodhaka hote haiM" isa nyAya ko anukUlatA 'vyapekSAvAda' meM hI hai naiyAyikoM ke isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa) yattu "pratyayAnAM sannihita-padArtha-gata-svArtha-bodhakatvavyutpattiH" iti tan n| 'upakumbham', 'ardhapippalI' ityAdau pUrvapadArthe vibhaktyarthAnvayena vyabhicArAt / mama tu "pratyayAnAM prakRtyAnvita-svArtha-bodhakatva-vyutpatta:" viziSTottaram eva pratyayotpattaH, viziSTasyaiva prakRtitvAt, viziSTasyaiva arthavattvAcca na doSaH / jo yaha kahA gayA ki - "pratyaya (apane) atyanta samIpa (avyavahita pUrva meM rahane vAle) pada ke artha se sambaddha svArtha ('saGakhyA', 'karma' Adi) ke bodhaka haiM" yaha niyama hai - vaha (ThIka) nahIM hai kyoMki 'upakumbham' (ghar3e ke samIpa), 'ardhapippalI' (pIpalI kA prAdhA), ityAdi (prayogoM) meM pUvapadoM ke artha ('samIpa' tathA 'artha') meM vibhaktyartha kA anvaya hone se (upayukta vyUtpatti meM) vyabhicAra (doSa) hai| mere ('ekArthIbhAva'-vAdI vaiyAkaraNa ke) mata meM to, "pratyaya (apanI) 'prakRti' ke artha meM anvita hone vAle svArtha ke bodhaka hote haiM" isa niyama (ko mAnane) ke kAraNa, viziSTa (samudAya) ke bAda hI 'pratyaya' kI utpatti hotI hai| isaliye viziSTa (samudAya) hI 'prakRti' hai tathA viziSTa hI arthavAn hai / isa kAraNa (koI) doSa nahIM hai| Upara 'vyapekSA' pakSa ke pratipAdana meM, 'prAptodakaH' jaise prayogoM ke uttarapada meM 'lakSaNA' kA samarthana karate hue, yaha kahA gayA hai ki eka nyAya hai-"pratyayAH sannihitapadArtha-gata-svArtha-bodhakAH bhavanti" arthAt pratyaya apane se sarvathA samIpa (avyavahita rUpa se) pUrva meM vidyamAna pada ke artha se anvita hone vAle svArtha ('saMGkhyA ', 'karma' Adi) ke bodhaka For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAmAdi-vRttyartha 425 hote haiN| isa nyAya kI anukUlatA isI bAta meM hai ki 'prAptodakaH' jaise prayogoM ke uttarapada meM lakSaraNA' mAnI jAya (dra0 --pRSTha 415-16) / vyapekSAvAdiyoM ke isa kathana ke uttara meM yahAM upayukta nyAya kA hI khaNDana kiyA jA rahA hai| vastutaH nyAya kA vaha rUpa nahIM hai jo vyapekSAvAdiyoM ne prastuta kiyA hai kyoMki yadi niyama kA bahI rUpa mAnA gayA to usameM 'vyabhicAra' doSa AtA hai| 'upakumbham', 'ardhapippalI' ityAdi samAsayukta prayogoM meM vigraha vAkya hai-- 'kumbhasya samIpam' tathA 'pippalyA: ardhm'| isaliye ina samasta prayogoM kA artha kramazaH yaha hogA ki 'kumbha ke samIpa kI vastu', tathA 'pippalI kA (sambandhI) prAdhA' / spaSTa hai ki yahAM SaSThI vibhakti ke artha 'sambandha' (kA) kA anvaya, samasta prayoga 'upakumbham' tathA 'ardhapippalI' ke, pUrvapada meM vidyamAna 'upa' tathA 'ardha' ke artha meM hotA hai jo avyavahita pUrva meM na hokara kramaza: 'kumbha' tathA 'pippalI' se vyavahita haiN| upari pradarzita nyAya meM vidyamAna 'sannihita' pada kA abhiprAya hai 'avyvhitpuurvtaa'| isaliye ina prayogoM meM vyavadhAnayukta pada ke artha meM vibhaktyartha kA anvaya hone ke kAraNa niyama-bhaMga yA dUsare zabdoM meM vyabhicAra doSa hai / isaliye vaiyAkaraNa isa nyAya kA vAstavika rUpa yaha mAnate haiM ki pratyaya apanI prakRti ke prathaM se anvita hone vAle svArtha ('saGkhyA ', 'karma' Adi) ke bodhaka hote haiM' ("pratyayA: prkRtyrthaanvit-svaarth-bodhkaaH")| 'prakRti' vaha aMza hai jisameM 'pratyaya' kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai tathA 'pratyaya' zabda se vibhaktiyA~ ('su' ityAdi) tathA 'kRt', 'taddhita' ityAdi pratyaya abhipreta haiM / nyAya ke isa svarUpa meM vyabhicAra doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki yahA~ 'pratyaya' arthAt dvitIyA vibhakti avayava viziSTa ('upa' tathA 'kumbha' se viziSTa evaM 'ardha' aura 'pippalI' se viziSTa) pUre samudAya ('upakumbha' tathA ardhapippalI') se AtI hai| ataH ina prayogoM meM dvitIyA vibhakti rUpa pratyaya kI 'prakRti' haiM ve ve pUre samudAya / isa kAraNa nyAya ke isa svarUpa ke anusAra vibhaktiyA~ una una, samAsayukta, pUre samudAya ke artha meM anvita hotI haiN| isa rUpa meM 'am' vibhakti, 'upakumbha' tathA 'ardhapippalI' ke artha meM anvita hone vAle, svArtha ko hI kheNgii| ___ nyAya ke isa doSarahita rUpa ko vyapekSAvAdI nahIM mAna sakatA kyoMki usake mata meM, avayava-viziSTa pUre samudAya se pratyaya kA vidhAna na hone ke kAraNa, pUrA samudAya pratyaya kI 'prakRti' nahIM bana paataa| yadi vaha kathaMcit 'prakRti' bana bhI jAya to bhI, usakA koI viziSTa artha nahIM hogaa| isaliye usameM vibhaktyartha ke anvaya kI bAta hI nahIM uThatI / tulanA karo-."kiMca evaM 'citragum aAnaya' ityAdau karmatvAdyananvayApattiH / pratyayAnAM prkRtyaanvitsvaarth-bodhktv-vyutptteH| viziSTottaram eva pratyayotpatteH / viziSTasyaiva prkRtitvaat"|""yttu 'sannihita-padArtha-gata-svArthabodha-katva-vyutpattir eva kalpyate iti tanna / 'upa-kumbham', 'ardha-pippalI' ityAdau pUrva-padArthe vibhaktyarthAnvayena vyabhicArAt" (vaibhUsA0 pR0 267) / ['vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta meM eka aura doSa] kiMca 'rAjapUruSaH' prAdau 'rAja'-padAdeH sambandhini sambandhe vA lakSaNA / nAdyaH / 'rAjJaHpuruSaH' iti For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 426 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA vivaraNa- virodhAt / vRtti samAnArtha- vAkyasyaiva vigraha - tvAt / anyathA tasmAc chakti - nirNayo na syAt / nAntyaH / 'rAja-sambandha-rUpa- puruSaH' ityanvaya-prasaGgAt / nanu tarhi ' vaiyAkaraNaH' ityasya 'vyAkaraNam gradhIte' iti, 'pAcaka:' ityasya ' pacati' iti ca kathaM vigrahaH ? vRttisamAnArthatvAbhAvAd iti / grata grAha prakhyAtaM taddhita-kRtoryat kiJcad upadarzakam / guNa- pradhAna-bhAvAdau tatra dRSTo viparyayaH / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( vaibhUsA0 samAsazakti nirNaya, kArikA saM0 7 ) ' taddhita-kRtor yat kiJcit grartha-bodhakaM vivaraNama 'prAkhyAtam ' tiGantam iti yAvat / tatra vivaraNavivriyamANayor vizeSya- vizeSaraNa-: -bhAva-viparyayo dRSTa iti / kRdanta- taddhitAntayor zrAzrayaprAdhAnyam, zrAkhyAte vyApArasya iti bodhyam / isake atirikta 'rAja-puruSa : ' Adi (prayogoM) meM 'rAjana' Adi kI ('vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta ke anusAra) 'sambandhI' (artha) meM 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAya yA 'sambandha' (artha) meM prathama vikalpa ('sambandhI' artha meM 'lakSaragA' ) isaliye ucita nahIM hai ki usakA 'vivaraNa' (vigraha vAkya ) se virodha upasthita hotA hai, kyoMki vRtti ke samAna artha vAlA vAkya hI vigraha ( mAnA jAtA hai / anyathA (vRtti tathA vigraha - vAkya meM samAnArthakatA ke na hone para) usa (vigraha vAkya) se vRtti - viziSTa prayoga kI 'zakti' kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA / antima vikalpa ( 'sambandha' artha meM lakSaragA) isaliye mAnya nahIM hai ki (taba 'rAjapuruSa:' isa prayoga meM ) ( rAja - sambandharUpa puruSa' isa prakAra kA granvaya hone lagegA / ( yadi samAna artha vAlA vAkya hI vigraha - vAkya ho sakatA hai) to phira ' vaiyAkaraNa:' isa (taddhita' vRtti vAle prayoga ) kA 'vyAkaraNam gradhIte' (vyAkaraNa par3hatA hai) yaha (vAkya) tathA 'pAcaka:' isa ('kRt' vRtti vAle prayoga) kA 'pacati' 1. prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM, 'ca' pATha nahIM haiM / 2. tulanA karo - vApa0 2, 308; AkhyAtaM taddhitArthasya yat kiJcid upadarzakam / guNa- pradhAna - bhAvasya tatra dRSTo viparyayaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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427 mAsAdi-vRttyatha (pakAtA hai) yaha (vAkya) kirA prakAra vigraha bana sakatA hai ? ina donoM vigraha vAkyoM meM ('vRtti' ke prayogoM se) samAnArthakatA nahIM hai / isaliye (isa AzaMkA ke uttara meM) kahate haiM-- ''taddhitAnta tathA kRdanta prayogoM kA (vigraha vAkya ke rUpa meM prayukta) 'pAkhyAta' (tiGanta pada) thor3A bahuta (hI) artha-bodhaka hotA hai (sarvAMzataH nahIM) kyoMki una donoM (taddhita' tathA 'kRt' vRtti ke prayogoM aura 'tiGanta' padoM) meM gauNatA aura pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se viparIta sthiti pAI gayI hai|" (abhiprAya yaha hai ki) taddhitAnta' tathA 'kRdanta' prayogoM ke artha ke kucha aMza kA hI, (ina prayogoM ke) vivaraNa bhUta (athavA vigraha-vAkya ke rUpa meM prayukta), 'pAkhyAta' arthAt 'tiGanta' pada bodha karAte haiM, (kyoMki) una vigraha vAkya tathA vigRhyamANa (vRtti-viziSTa prayoga) meM vizeSya (pradhAna) tathA vizeSaNa (gauNa) kI sthiti kA vaiparItya dekhA gayA hai| 'kRdanta' tathA 'taddhitAnta' prayogoM meM Azraya ('kartA') kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai (tathA 'vyApAra' kI gauNatA rahatI hai) aura 'tiGanta' prayogoM meM 'vyApAra' kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai (aura Azraya 'kartA' kI gauNatA rahatI hai) yaha jAnanA cAhiye / kiJca . anvayaprasaGgAt :-yahA~ 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta para eka AkSepa yaha kiyA gayA ki 'rAjapuruSaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'rAjan' ityAdi avayavoM kI kisa artha meM 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAya arthAt 'rAjan' zabda kA lakSya artha kyA mAnA jAya'rAjasambandhI' yA 'rAjasambandha' / yadi 'rAjan' kA lakSya artha 'rAjasambandhI' mAnA gayA tathA usakA 'puruSa' zabda ke artha ke sAtha abhedAnvaya kiyA gayA to 'rAjapuruSaH' isa samasta prayoga kA artha hogA 'rAjasambandhI se abhinna puruSa' / parantu isake vigraha vAkya (vivaraNa) 'rAjJaHpuruSaH' meM SaSThI vibhakti prayukta hai jisakA artha hotA hai 'sambandha' / isaliye usa 'sambandha' kA 'pAzrayatA' rUpa se 'puruSa' artha meM anvaya kiyA jaaygaa| isa taraha 'rAjJaH puruSaH' kA artha huaA 'rAjA ke sambandha kA Azraya bhUta puruss'| isa rUpa meM donoM 'vRtti' tathA usake vigraha vAkya ke arthoM meM paryApta antara pA jAyagA jo sarvathA avAMchanIya hai / vigraha vAkya vaha hotA hai jo 'vRtti'-viziSTa prayoga ke artha ko hI dUsare zabdoM dvArA prakaTa karatA hai| isaliye donoM ke arthoM meM antara nahIM honA caahiye| isa abhinnArthakatA ke kAraNa hI vigraha vAkya ko vivaraNa vAkya bhI kahA jAtA hai tathA ina vigraha vAkyoM yA vivaraNa vAkyoM ko sambaddha 'vRtti'-viziSTa prayogoM kI 'zakti' athavA artha kA nirNAyaka mAnA gayA hai| yadi ina donoM meM artha kI dRSTi se antara A gayA to phira vivaraNa vAkya ko 'vRtti' kI 'zakti' kA nirNAyaka kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? isa prakAra pahalA vikalpa dUSita ho jAtA hai / dUsarA vikalpa, arthAt 'rAjan' isa avayava kI 'rAja-sambandha' artha meM 'lakSaNA' hai arthAt 'rAjan' zabda kA lakSya artha 'rAja-sambandha' hai, mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki isa sthiti meM 'rAjasambandha rUpa artha, rAjan' isa 'prAtipadika' pada kA artha hone ke kAraNa, 'prAtipadikArtha' bana jaaygaa| udhara 'puruSa' zabda kA artha 'puruSa' bhI 'prAtipadikArtha' hai| ina donoM 'prAtipadikArthoM' kA paraspara abhedAnvaya hI kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 'bheda' sambandha For Private and Personal Use Only

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428 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA se anvaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'rAja-sambandha kA pAzraya puruSa' isa rUpa meM 'pAzrayatA' rUpa bheda sambandha se ina donoM 'prAtipadikArthoM' kA paraspara anvaya nahIM ho sakatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki 'do prAtipadikArthoM (nAmArthoM) kA, virodhI vibhaktiyoM ke prabhAva meM, abhedAnvaya hotA hai' yaha eka svIkRta nyAya hai| dra0 --- "dvayoH prAtipadikArthayor abhedAnvayo vyutpannaH' athavA "nAmArthayor bhedena sAkSAd anvaya-bodho'vyutpannaH" / isa nyAya kI carcA aneka bAra Upara ho cukI hai (dra0-- pRSTha 166-70, 161-63, 167, 415) / isa prakAra 'rAja-pUruSaH' kA artha hogA 'rAja-sambandha-rUpa puruSa', jaba ki 'rAjapuruSaH' prayoga se pratIta hone vAlA artha hai 'rAja-sambandha kA Azraya-bhUta puruSa' / isaliye ye donoM hI vikalpa dUSita haiM / isa kAraNa 'vyapekSAvAda' meM 'lakSaNA' kA sahArA lene se bhI kAma nahIM cala sktaa| 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke siddhAnta meM yaha doSa nahIM hai kyoMki isa siddhAnta meM 'svatva' sambandha se 'rAjA kA sambandhI puruSa' isa artha meM 'rAjapuruSaH' isa samAsayukta prayoga kI 'zakti' mAnI jAtI hai| isaliye 'sva-svAmi-bhAva' rUpa 'bheda' sambandha ke AdhAra para 'rAjA' meM rahane vAlI jo 'svAmitA' hai usase nirUpita 'svatA' se yukta puruSa arthAt 'rAjA rUpa svAmI kA puruSa svam (sampatti) hai'- isa artha kA bodha hotA hai| isI prakAra kA, 'sva-svAbhi-bhAva' rUpa bheda sambandha se, bodha 'rAjJaH puruSaH' isa vAkya se bhI hotA hai| samudAya ko eka zabda mAnane ke kAraNa yahA~ do 'nAma' yA 'prAtipadika' nahIM haiN| isaliye do 'prAtipadikArtha' bhI nahIM haiN| isa kAraNa 'abheda' sambandha kI bAta yahA~ uThatI hI nhiiN| isa prakAra vAkyArtha tathA vRttyartha meM bheda nahIM paataa| nanu tahi ....... - bodhyam :-yahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki yadi sarvathA samAna rUpa se artha kA bodha karAne vAle vAkya ko hI vigraha vAkya (vivaraNa vAkya) mAnA jAtA hai to 'vaiyAkaraNaH' tathA 'pAcakaH' isa prakAra ke 'taddhitAnta' tathA 'kRdanta' prayogoM kA kramaza: 'vyAkaraNam adhIte' tathA 'pacati' ina vAkyoM ko vigraha vAkya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki ina donoM vigraha vAkyoM tathA prayogoM ke arthoM meM viSamatA hai| taddhitAnta' tathA 'kRdanta' prayogoM ke arthoM meM 'vyApAra' ke prAzraya 'kartA' kI pradhAnatA hai jaba ki inake vigraha vAkyoM meM, kramazaH 'adhIte' tathA 'pacati' ina kriyApadoM ke prayoga kiye jAne ke kAraNa, svayaM 'vyApAra' kI hI pradhAnatA hai / ___ isa prazna ke uttara ke rUpa meM yahA~ bhaTToji dIkSita kI eka kArikA uddhRta kI gayI hai| isa kArikA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'tiGanta' arthAt kriyApada taddhitAnta' evaM 'kRdanta' prayogoM ke arthoM ko kucha hI aMzoM meM prakaTa karate haiM, sarvathA usI rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kara pAte / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'taddhitAnta' tathA 'kRdanta' prayogoM meM 'vyApAra' kA Azraya 'kartA' pradhAna hotA hai, 'vyApAra' gauNa hotA hai| parantu 'tiGanta' padoM meM 'byApAra' pradhAna hotA hai tathA 'vyApAra' kA Azraya 'kartA' gauraNa / isaliye 'tiGanta' padoM ko 'taddhitAnta' tathA 'kRdanta' prayogoM ke arthoM kA thor3A bahuta hI bodhaka mAnA gayA hai-pUrNa rUpa se nhiiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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426 samAsAdi-vRttyartha ['ekArthIbhAva'-sAmarthya para kiye jAne vAle kucha anya prAkSepoM kA samAdhAna] nanu 'rathantara' zabdAd rathikasyApi pratyayaH kinna syAd iti cet ? maivam / "rUr3hir yogArtham apaharati" iti nyAyAt / nanu viziSTa-zakti-svIkAre 'paGa kaja'-padAd avayavArthapratItir mA bhUt, samudAya-zaktyaiva 'kamala'-padavat puSpavizeSa-pratyayaH syAd iti cet ? na / 'jahatsvArthA tu tatraiva yatra rUDhira virodhinI" iti abhiyuktokteH / avayavArtha-saMvalita-samudAyA padme zakti-svIkArAt / ata eva caturvidhaH zabdaH / yathA-'rUDhaH', 'yogarUDhaH', 'yaugikaH', 'yaugikarUDhazca' / "avayavArtham anapekSya samudAya-zakti-mAtreNa artha-bodhakatvaM rUDhatvam'- 'rathantaram' ityaadau| "avayavArtha-saMvalita-samudAya-zaktyA arthabodhakatvaM yogarUDhatvam'- 'paGa kajam' ityatra / 'avayava. zaktyaiva artha-bodhakatvaM yaugikatvam'-'pAcikA' 'pAThikA' ityAdau / "avayava-zaktyA samudAya-zaktyA ca artha-bodhakatvaM yaugi karUDhatvam'-maNDapAna-ka-paro'pi gRha-vizeSa-paro'pi 'maNDapa' zabda udAharaNam, iti vivekaH / 'rathantara' zabda se rathika' kA bhI jJAna kyoM nahIM hotA ? - yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki "rur3hi-(prasiddhi) 'yaugika' artha ko dUra kara detI hai" yaha nyAya hai| viziSTa (samudAya) meM (vAcakatA) zakti mAnane para 'paGa kaja' zabda se avayavoM ke artha kI pratIti nahIM honI cAhiye, (kevala) samudAya ko zakti se hI, 'kamala' pada (se avayavArtha-jJAna ke binA hI viziSTa puSpa-jJAna) ke samAna, puSpa-vizeSa kA jJAna honA cAhiye- yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki "jahatsvArthA vRtti' vahIM hotI hai jahAM 'rUr3hi' virodhinI hotI hai"--vidvAnoM ke isa kathana ke anusAra (yahA~ 'jahatsvArthA' vRtti ke na hone ke kAraNa) avayavArtha se yukta samudAyArtha (paka se utpanna) 'padma' (ke kathana) meM ('paMkaja' zabda kI) 'zakti' mAnI gayI hai| 1. ha.-pAcaka-pAThaketyAdau / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 430 www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA isIliye zabda cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| jaise -'rUr3ha', 'yogarUr3ha', 'yaugika' tathA 'yaugikarUr3ha' | "pada ke avayavoM ke artha kI apekSA kiye binA kevala samudAya kI ( vAcakatA) 'zakti' se hI artha kA jJAna karAnA 'rUr3hitA' hai / " jaise --' rathantaram' ityAdi prayogoM meM / " avayava ke artha se saMyukta huI samudAya kI 'zakti' se artha kA jJAna karAnA 'yogarUr3hitA hai / " (jaise) 'paGkaja' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM / 'avayavazakti se hI artha kA bodha karAnA 'yaugikatA' hai / " (jaise) 'pAcikA', 'pAThikA' ityAdi (prayogoM) meM / " avayavazakti tathA samudAyazakti donoM se ( bhinna bhinna prayogoM meM ) artha kA jJAna karAnA 'yaugikarUr3hitA ' hai" / 'mA~Da pIne vAlA' (isa) artha kA tathA ghara - ( ke eka bhAga) vizeSa artha kA vAcaka ' maNDapa' zabda ( ' yaugikarUr3hi' kA) udAharaNa hai / yaha ( ina sabakA ) vivecana hai / nanu rathantara ke prayoga tathA unake zabda ke vigraha vAkya hai isaliye, 'rathantara' honA cAhiye / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "nyAyAt : - yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki jaba 'vRtti' vigraha vAkyoM ko samAna artha vAlA mAnA jAtA hai to, 'rathantara' 'rathena tarati' (ratha + tR + khac) se 'rathika' artha kA bodha hotA zabda se bhI 'sAmavizeSa' ke sAtha sAtha 'rathika' artha kA bhI bodha isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki eka nyAya hai " rUr3hir yogArtham apaharati " arthAt 'rUr3hi' ( paramparA athavA prasiddhi ) zabda ke 'yaugika' artha ko dUra kara detI hai / isa nyAya ke anusAra, 'rathantara' zabda kI kevala 'sAma' - vizeSa ke artha meM prasiddhi hai / isaliye, prasiddhi ke kAraNa 'rathantara' zabda kA 'yaugika', artha bAdhita ho jAyegA / isa taraha prasiddhi ke dvArA 'yaugika' artha, arthAt dhAtu tathA pratyaya rUpa avayavoM se bodhya artha, ke dUra kara diye jAne ke kAraNa hI isa zabda ko Upara ( dra0 pR0 404 - 6), 'ekArthI - bhAva' ke eka bheda, ('jahatsvArthA') ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA / nanu viziSTa "padme zakti svIkArAt : - yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki jaba, 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya ke siddhAnta ko na mAna kara 'ekArthIbhAva' - sAmarthya ke siddhAnta ko hI apanAyA jAtA hai, jisake anusAra viziSTa samudAya hI viziSTa artha kA vAcaka hai, to 'paGkaja' zabda se ( 'paGka + jan + Da') 'paGka meM utpanna hone vAlA ' isa avayavArtha kI pratIti nahIM honI cAhiye / 'paGkaja' isa pUre samudAya kI zakti se sIdhe puSpa vizeSa artha kI pratIti ThIka usI prakAra ho jAnI cAhiye jisa prakAra 'kamala' kahane se, usake avayavArtha kA jJAna hue binA hI, prabhipreta puSpa - vizeSa artha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / para aisA nahIM hotA / 'paGkaja' zabda ke prayoga karane para avayavArtha kA jJAna hotA hI hai / isaliye gravayava meM hI arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti' mAnI jAnI cAhiye - viziSTa samudAya meM nahIM / vastutaH yaha prazna 'paGkaja' zabda ko 'jahatsvArthI vRtti kA udAharaNa mAna kara kiyA gayA hai / isa prazna kA uttara yaha diyA gayA ki 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya mAnane para bhI yahA~, zabdazakti ke svabhAva ke vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa, zravayavArtha sahita jo samudAyArtha, arthAt padmayA kamala, usa ko 'paGkaja' zabda kahA karatA hai / apane avayavArtha kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 431 parityAga na karane ke kAraNa hI isa taraha ke prayogoM ko 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke eka bheda 'ajahatsvArthA' vRtti kA udAharaNa mAnA jAtA hai / 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke dUsare bheda 'jahatsvArthA' kA udAharaNa 'paGkaja' zabda ko na mAna kara aise zabdoM ko mAnA gayA hai jahA~ rUr3hi' (prasiddhi) avayavoM ke arthoM kA virodha karatI hai aura use dUra haTA detI hai / jaise-'rathantara' zabda, jisakI carcA yahA~ kI jA cukI hai| ___ ata eva... "iti vivekaH- 'paGkaja' jaise zabda, avayavArtha-sahita samudAyArtha ko kahA karate haiM isaliye, 'jahatsvArthA' vRtti ke udAharaNa na hokara 'ajahatsvArthA' vRtti ke udAharaNa haiN| 'rathantara' jaise zabda, jinameM 'rUr3hi' ke dvArA 'yaugika' yA avayavArtha kA apaharaNa kara liyA jAtA hai, 'jahatsvArthA' vRtti ke udAharaNa haiN| isa dRSTi se zabda cAra prakAra ke mAne gaye / Upara 'zakti-nirUpaNa' ke prakaraNa meM (dra0-pRSTha 50-55) zabda meM vidyamAna cAra prakAra kI 'zaktiyoM' kI carcA --- 'rUr3hi', 'yoga', 'yogarUr3hi', yaugikarUr3hi ina nAmoM se-ho cukI hai / yahA~ 'samAsa' Adi 'vRttiyoM' kI dRSTi se unhIM cAra prakAroM kI, 'rUr3ha', 'yaugika', 'yogarUr3ha', 'yaugikarUr3ha' ina nAmoM se, paribhASA tathA udAharaNa prastuta kara, unakA puna: vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| cauthe prakAra (yaugikarUr3ha') kI paribhASA vahA~ nahIM dI gayI thI, yahA~ vaha bhI de dI gayI hai| ['vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM aneka doSa dikhAkara 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya kA samarthana] vyapekSA-pakSe dUSaNaM zakti-sAdhakam / hariH' apyAha samAse khalu bhinnaiva zaktiH paGkaja-zabdavat / bahUnAM vRtti-dharmAraNAM vacanair eva sAdhane / syAn mahad gauravaM tasmAd ekArthIbhAva AzritaH / / 'paGakaja'-zabde yogArtha-svIkAre zaivAlAderapi pratyayaH syAt / vRtti-dharmAH-vizeSaNa-liGga-saMkhyAdyayogAdayaH"savizeSaNAnAM vRttina0" ityAdi-vacanaireva sAdhyAH, iti tat-tad vacana svIkAra eva gauravam / mama tu ekArthIbhAvasvIkArAd avayavArthAbhAvAd vizeSaNAdyayogo nyAya siddhaH / vacanaM ca na karttavyaM nyAya-siddhaca iti lAghavam / bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM ye paMktiyAM anupalabdha haiM / parantu vaibhUsA0 (pR0 263) meM yaha kArikA ullikhita evaM vyAkhyAta hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kArikA, bhartahari kI na hokara, bhaToji dIkSita kI hai| (dra0-vaibhusA0, samAsazaktinirNaya, kArikA saM04, pR. 263) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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432 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA _ 'vyapekSA' pakSa meM (vidyamAna) doSa ('ekArthIbhAvavAda' ke siddhAnta, arthAt viziSTa samudAya meM ) 'zakti' kA sAdhaka hai / bhartahari ne bhI kahA hai - "paGkaja' zabda ke samAna 'samAsa' Adi ('vRttiyoM) meM (avayava-zakti se) bhinna hI (samudAya meM) zakti hai / (kyoMki) 'vRttiyoM' ke aneka dharmoM ('vizeSaNa', 'saGkhyA', 'liGga', 'ca' ityAdi se sambaddha na honA ityAdi) ko vacanoM (vArtikoM) ke dvArA siddha karane meM bahuta bar3A gaurava (vistAra) hogaa|" yadi 'paGkaja' zabda meM (samudAya meM zakti na mAnakara) avayavoM ke arthoM ko hI ('paGkaja' zabda kA artha) mAna liyA gayA to ('paGakaja' zabda se) zaivAla Adi kA bhI jJAna hone lgegaa| 'vRtti' ke 'dharma' (arthAt) 'vizeSaNa, 'liGga', 'saGakhyA', Adi se asambandha-"savizeSaNAnAM vRttina" ityAdivacanoM ke dvArA sAdhya hai| isaliye ('vyapekSA' pakSa meM) una una ('dharmoM' ke bodhaka) vacanoM ko svIkAra karanA hI gaurava hai| mere mata meM, 'ekArthIbhAva' pakSa ke svIkAra karane ke kAraNa ,avayavArtha ke na hone se, 'vizeSaraNa' Adi se sambandha kA na honA nyAya siddha bAta hai| (isaliye) vacana bhI nahIM banAnA par3egA tathA (ye 'dharma') bhI svataH siddha hoNge| isa prakAra (isa pakSa meM) lAghava hai| isa prakaraNa kA upasaMhAra karate hue apane abhimata siddhAnta- 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmartha-kA samarthana karane kI dRSTi se 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM upasthita hone vAle kucha doSoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA una doSoM ko hI samudAya meM hI zakti, yA dUsare zabdoM meM 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya, ke siddhAnta kA sAdhaka batAyA gayA hai, arthAt ina doSoM ke kAraNa avayavoM meM arthAbhidhAna kI 'zakti' na mAna kara samudAya meM hI 'zakti' mAnanI cAhiye / samudAya meM 'zakti' mAnanA hI 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya hai / samAse ..." paMkajazabdavat-isa prathama pakti meM, 'samAsa' Adi 'vRttiyoM' ke prayogoM ke avayavoM meM rahane vAlI 'zakti' se bhinna, samudAya meM rahane vAlI, 'zakti' ke dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prasiddha 'paGkaja' zabda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'samAsa' zabda sabhI 'vRttiyoM' ke upalakSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| 'paGkaja' zabda kA prayoga karane para, samudAya meM vidyamAna 'zakti' se, sIdhe hI 'kamala' rUpa artha kA jJAna hotA hai| yadi avayavoM meM vidyamAna arthAbhidhAna 'zakti' ko bhI svataMtra rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya to 'paGkaja' zabda se zaivAla Adi, jo bhI paGka meM utpanna hote hai una saba, kI pratiti honI cAhiye / isase spaSTa hai ki bhale hI yahA~ avayavArtha kI sattA hotI ho para vaha, aneka avayavoM kA aneka artha bhI, samudAyArtha meM ekIbhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai--eka ho jAtA hai| isaliye avayavArtharUpatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika Adi 'vyapekSA'-sAmarthya-vAdI bhI 'paGakaja' jaise zabdoM meM samudAya meM hI 'zakti' mAnate hai-avayavoM meM nahIM / to jisa prakAra 'paGkaja' zabda meM, samudAya meM 'zakti' mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra 'vRttiyoM' ke anya prayogoM meM bhI samudAya meM hI 'zakti' mAnI jAnI cAhiye / For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha 433 bahUnAM vRttidharmANAm / lAghavam : isa aMza meM yaha kahA gayA ki 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya ko mAnate hue 'vRtti' ke prayogoM meM bhI yadi avayavoM kI hI 'zakti' mAnI gayI to kevala 'vRtti' meM dRSTigocara hone vAle aneka 'dharmoM' yA viziSTa sthitiyoM kI upapatti ke liye aneka vacana yA vArtikeM banAnI pdd'eNgii| ye 'dharma' yA viziSTa sthitiyA~ haiM-'vizeSaNa', 'liGga', 'saGkhyA' Adi kA sambandha na honA / vizeSaNAsambandha -jaise 'rAjJaH puruSaH' isa vigraha vAkya meM 'Rddhasya' jaise vizeSaNoM kA sambandha ho sakatA hai| parantu samAsAvasthA meM, 'rAjapuruSaH' jaise prayogoM meM ina vizeSaNoM kA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| liGgAsambandha - jaise 'kukkuTyA aNDam' yA 'mRgyAH kSIram' ityAdi vigra vAkyoM meM 'kukkuTa' adhavA 'mRga' ityAdi zabdoM ke sAtha strIliMga kA sambandha kiyA jAtA hai / parantu samAsa kara dene ke bAda 'kukkuTANDam' tathA 'mRga-kSIram' jaise prayogoM meM ina zabdoM ke sAtha strIliMga kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| parantu liGga' ke sAtha asambandha rUpa yaha dharma sarvatra nahIM pAyA jaataa| saGkhyA-asambandha-'rAjapuruSaH' isa samAsa-yukta pada ke vigraha vAkya 'rAjJaH rAjJoH rAjJAM vA puruSaH' ityAdi meM apradhAna 'rAjan' pada saMkhyA-vizeSa se yukta hotA hai| parantu 'rAja-puruSaH' isa samAsAvasthA meM 'rAjan' ke sAtha saMkhyA kA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra samAsAvasthA meM saMkhyA se asambandha kI sthiti rahatI hai tathA vigraha vAkya meM saMkhyA kA sambandha dekhA jAtA hai| isa tathya ko pataMjali ne (mahA0 2.1.1. pR0 21 meM) nimna zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai- "saMkhyA-vizeSo bhavati vAkye'rAjJaH puruSaH', 'rAjJoH puruSaH' 'rAjJAM puruSaH' iti / samAse na bhavati 'rAjapuruSaH' iti / " pataMjali ke isa kathana kI vyAkhyA karate hue saMkhyA-viSayaka isa sthiti ko kaiyyaTa ne nimna zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai-''vAkye upasarjana-padAni vibhaktyarthAbhidhAyisvAt saMkhyAvizeSayuktaM svArtha pratipAdayanti / samAse tvantarbhUtasvArthaM pradhAnArtham abhidadhati ityabhedakatvasaMkhyAm avagamayanti" (mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 2.1.1. pR0 20) / vastutaH samAsa kI sthiti meM saMkhyA ko avibhakta mAnA jAtA hai| isa avibhakta evaM bheda rahita saMkhyA kI carcA karate hue bhartRhari ne kahA hai-- yathauSadhirasAH sarve madhunyAhitazaktayaH / avibhAgena vartante tAM saMkhyAM tAdRzIM viduH // bhedAnAM vA parityAgAt saMkhyAtmA sa tathAvidhaH / vyApArAjjAtibhAgasya bhedApohena vartate / / (vApa0 3.14.100-101) 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM ina dharmoM ko batAne ke liye alaga alaga vArtikeM athavA iSTiyA~ banAnI par3egI- unheM zabdoM dvArA kahanA pdd'egaa| jaise - vizeSaNa ke ayoga (asambandha) ke liye "savizeSaNAnAM vRttina vRttasya vA vizeSaNayogo na" yaha vacana kahanA pdd'egaa| isI prakAra anya sabhI dharmoM ke sAtha asambandha ko batAne ke liye bhI alaga-alaga vacana kahane par3eMge, jisase anAvazyaka vistAra (gaurava) hogaa| Upara isa For Private and Personal Use Only

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434 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA prakaraNa ke prArambha meM, aise arthoM kA pradarzana kiyA jA cukA hai jo kevala 'vRtti' (samAsa Adi) kI avasthA meM hI dikhAI dete haiM ( dra0 - pR0 413-14) / una sabakA yahA~ 'dharma' pada ke artha meM samAveza samajhanA cAhiye / kAtyAyana ne apanI vArtika- " saMkhyAvizeSo vyaktAbhidhAnam, upasarjana - vizeSaNam, ca- yoga : " ( mahA0 2.1.1. pR0 20 ) - meM ina 'dharmoM' kI ora hI saMketa kiyA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ' ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki 'vRtti' ke prayogoM meM avayavArtha hotA hI nahIM / yadi hotA bhI hai to vaha samudAya ke artha meM hI abhinna rUpa se rala mila jAtA hai isalie, ve ve abhISTa 'dharma' yA sthitiyAM vahAM svataH siddha ho jAtI haiM- unake liye kisI prakAra ke vacana banAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| ataH 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya ke siddhAnta kI apekSA 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke siddhAnta meM vizeSa lAghava hai / isIliye mahAbhASya meM ina uparyukta dharmoM ko ' ekArthIbhAva- kRta vizeSatA' ke nAma se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / dra0 - " ime tarhi ekArthIbhAva - kRtA vizeSAH - ' saMkhyAvizeSo vyaktAbhidhAnam upasarjana-vizeSaNaM ca yogaH " ( mahA0 2.1.1 pR0 20-24) / [' vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM kucha aura doSa ] vyapekSAyAM dUSaNAntaram grAha cakArAdi-niSedho'tha bahu - vyutpatti-bhaJjanam / kartavyaM te nyAyasiddha tvasmAkaM tad iti sthitiH // ( vaibhUsA0, samAsazaktinirNaya, kArikA saM0 5) 'ghaTa-paToM' iti dvandva sAhitya- dyotaka - cakAra-niSedhas tvayA kartavya: / 'prAdinA' 'ghana - zyAmaH' ityAdau 'iva' zabdasya / mama tu sAhityAdyavacchinne zakti-svIkArAt " uktArthAnAm graprayogaH" iti nyAyAt teSAm aprayogaH / bahu- vyutpatti-bhaJjanam iti praSaSThyarthaM bahuvrIhau 'prAptodaka:' ityAdau pRthak zakti - vAdinAM mate 'prApti-kartrabhinnam udakam' ityAdi - bodhottaraM tat sambandhi-grAmalakSaraNAyAm api 'udaka-kartRka-prApti-karma-grAmaH' ityarthAlAbhe prApte, 'prApta' iti 'kta' pratyayasya For Private and Personal Use Only

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- samAsAdi-vRttyarthaH 435 katrarthakasya karmArthe lakSaNA / tato'pi 'samAna-vibhaktikanAmArthayora abheda eva saMsargaH" iti vyutpattyA udakAbhinna prAptikarma iti syAt / udakasya kartRtayA prAptAv anvaye tu "nAmArthayor abhedAnvaya"-vyupatti-bhaJjanaM syAd iti tAtparyam / 'nAmArtha-prakAraka-zAbdabuddhitvAvacchinnaM prati vibhaktyarthopasthiteH kAraNatvam" iti vyutpatti-bhaJjanaM c| mama tu pRthaka zaktyanaGgIkArAta viziSTasyaiva viziSTArthavAcakatvAta nAmArtha-dvayAbhAvAn na kvacid anupapattira ityalam / iti samAsAdivRttyarthaH / iti zrIzivabhaTTa-suta-satIdevI-garbhaja-nAgezabhaTTa-kRtA paramalaghumaMjUSA smaaptaa| 'vyapekSA' sAmarthya meM (kucha) aura doSa kahate haiM-- "tujha (vyapekSAvAdI) ko 'cakAra' Adi kA niSedha tathA aneka vyutpattiyoM kA atikramaNa karanA pdd'egaa| ('ekArthIbhAva' ko mAnane vAle) hama logoM (vaiyAkaraNoM) ke mata meM vaha ('cakAra' Adi kA niSedha) svataH siddha hai (tathA aneka athavA vyutpattiyoM-niyamoM kA bhI atikramaNa nahIM hotaa)| 'ghaTapaTau' (ghar3A aura vastra) isa 'dvandva' (samAsa ke prayogoM) meM 'sAhitya' (saha-bhAva arthAt eka sAtha honA) kA dyotana karAne vAle 'ca' kA niSedha tujha ('vyapekSA'-sAmarthya-vAdI) ko karanA pdd'egaa| (kArikA ke) 'Adi' pada se 'ghanazyAmaH' (bAdala ke samAna kAlA) ityAdi meM 'iva' kA niSedha karanA hogA (yaha batAyA gyaa)| ('ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ko mAnane vAle) mere mata meM to 'sAhitya' (saha-bhAva) Adi se yukta artha meM ('ghaTapaTau') isa samudAya kI 'zakti' mAnane se, "uktArthAnAm aprayogaH" (jo artha prakaTa ho cukA hai usa ke liye zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA) isa nyAya ke anusAra, una ('ca' tathA 'iva' Adi) kA prayoga nahIM karanA par3atA / 'bahuvyutpattibhaJjanam' kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki 'SaSThI' vibhakti se bhinna artha vAle 'bahuvrIhi samAsa ke 'prAptodakaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM, pRthak pathak (avayavoM kI) 'zakti' mAnane vAloM ke mata meM, "prApti' (rUpa kriyA) ke 'kartA' se abhinna 'udaka' (prApta hone vAlA jala)" ityAdi ke bodha ke pazcAt usa 1. ha0, vaMmi0-kAraNatvAt / For Private and Personal Use Only

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436 vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA ( ' prAptodaka') se sambaddha grAma meM 'lakSaNA' karane para bhI, "udaka hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI prApti kA 'karma' grAma" isa artha kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa, 'prApta' isa (pada) ke 'karttA' artha vAle 'kta' pratyaya kI 'karma' artha meM 'lakSaNA' karanI par3egI / usake bAda bhI, "samAna-vibhaktika-nAmArthayor abheda eva saMsarga : " (eka vibhakti vAle do 'prAtipadikArthoM' meM kevala 'abheda' sambandha hI hotA hai) isa nyAya ke anusAra, "udaka se bhinna 'prApti' (kriyA) kA 'karma" yaha (anabhISTa) artha prakaTa hogA / yadi udaka' kA prApti' meM 'kartR'tA' sambandha se granvaya kiyA gayA to ' ( samAna vibhakti vAle) do prAtipadikArtho meM prabhedasambandha se anya hotA hai' isa nyAya kA atikramaNa hogaa| isake atirikta " prAtipadikArtha' hai 'prakAra' (vizeSaNa) jisameM aise 'zAbda bodha' ke prati vibhakti ke artha kA jJAna kAraNa hai" isa nyAya kA bhI virodha hogA / (' ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ko mAnane vAle) mere mata meM ( avayavoM kI) pRthak pRthak 'zakti' na mAnane tathA ( avayava se ) viziSTa (samudAya) ko (avayavArtha se) viziSTa artha ( samudAyArtha) kA vAcaka mAnane ke kAraNa do 'prAtipadikArthI' ke na hone se kahIM koI prasaGgati nahIM hai / isa rUpa meM yaha viSaya samApta hotA hai / zrI zivabhaTTa ke putra tathA zrImatI satIdevI ke garbha se utpanna zrI nAgeza bhaTTa - racita paramalaghumaJjUSA samApta huI / yahAM isa prakaraNa ke anta meM kucha aura doSoM kA pradarzana karate hue nAgeza ne eka aura kArikA uddhRta kI hai / yaha kArikA bhI vaibhUsA meM samAsa - zakti nirNaya ke prakaraNa (10 271 ) meM ullikhita evaM vyAkhyAta I cakArAdi iti sthitiH - isa kArikA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'dvandva' samAsa ke 'ghaTapaTI' ityAdi prayogoM ke vigraha vAkya 'ghaTazca paTazca' ityAdi meM 'ca' dikhAI detA hai / isaliye 'vyapekSAvAda' ke siddhAnta meM 'ghaTapaTau' ityAdi 'vRtti' ke prayogoM meM bhI 'ca' kA prayoga prApta hogA / ataH usakA lopa karanA pdd'egaa| yahAM kArikA meM 'Adi' zabda se 'iva' Adi kA saMgraha abhipreta hai jinakA Upara isa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM pradarzana ho cukA hai / jaise- 'ghanazyAma:' meM 'iva' kA lopa, 'niSkauzAmbiH' meM 'krAnta' kA lopa, ityAdi / 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya athavA samudAya meM 'zakti' mAnane para isa prakAra kA koI doSa nahIM upasthita hotA kyoMki vahA~ 'ghaTapaTI' isa pUre samudAya ko 'ghar3A aura vastra' isa samudita abhiprAya kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai / isI prakAra 'ghanazyAma:' yaha pUrA samudAya 'ghana -sadRza zyAma' kA vAcaka hai / isaliye " uktArthAnAm aprayogaH" isa nyAya ke anusAra isa pakSa meM 'ca', 'iva' Adi ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI / bahu - vyutpatti-bhaMjanam" .. iti tAtparyam :- kArikA ke 'bahuvyutpattibhaMjanam' isa aMza ko spaSTa karate hue nAgeza ne yaha abhiprAya vyakta kiyA hai ki vyapekSAvAdI naiyAyika vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki 'rAjapuruSaH', 'citraguH' ityAdi 'vRtti' ke prayogoM meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAsAdi-vRttyartha inake avayavoM ke artha hI, 'AkAMkSA' Adi ke AdhAra para paraspara sambaddha ho kara, viziSTa artha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| Upara yaha dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki 'rAjapuruSa:' ityAdi ke 'rAjana' yAdi graMzoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke dvArA prabhISTa artha kI prApti kisa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai| 437 parantu ekArthIbhAva-vAdI vaiyAkaraNa vidvAnoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki 'rAjapuruSaH' yA 'citraguH ' jaise kucha prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke Azraya se abhISTa artha kI prApti bhale hI kara lI jAya parantu 'vRtti' ke aneka prayogoM meM 'lakSaNA' vRtti ke dvArA kAma nahIM cala sakatA / 'prAptodako grAmaH' ityAdi, SaSThI tathA saptamI ke artha se bhinna artha vAle, 'bahuvrIhi samAsa ke aneka prayoga aise haiM jinameM yadi 'lakSaNA' ke Azraya se abhISTa artha kI prApti kA prayAsa kiyA jAya to aneka nyAyoM kA ullaGaghana hone lagatA hai / 'prAptodako grAma:' isa prayoga kA artha hai 'vaha gA~va jisameM pAnI A gayA hai' / yahA~ 'prAptam udakaM yam' isa vigraha vAkya ke anusAra 'prAptodakaH' kA artha huA 'yat' hai 'karma' jisameM aisI 'prApti' (kriyA) kA 'kartA' udaka" arthAt 'jise pAnI prApta huA hai' kyoMki yahA~ 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'Ap' dhAtu se " gatyarthAkarmaka0 " ( pA0 3.4.72) sUtra ke anusAra 'kartA' meM 'kta' pratyaya AyA hai| isaliye 'prApta' kA artha hai 'prApti' kriyA kA 'kartA' / 'prApta' pada ke isa artha ke sAtha 'udaka' pada ke artha 'jala' kA 'abheda' sambandha mAnA gyaa| isa rUpa meM 'prAptodakaH' pada ke avayavoM se "prApti ke 'kartA' se abhinna 'udaka' isa artha kA bodha ho jAtA hai parantu "udaka hai kartA' jisameM tathA 'grAma' hai 'karma' jisameM aisI 'prApti' rUpa kriyA" isa abhISTa tathA anubhUta artha kI prApti nahIM ho pAtI / yadi vyapekSAvAdiyoM ke anusAra yahA~ 'udaka' pada kI 'udaka - sambandhI grAma' isa artha meM 'lakSaNA' mAnI jAya to bhI 'prAptodaka' pada se "prApti' ke 'kartA' se abhinna jo 'udaka' tatsambandhI grAma" yahI artha prakaTa hogA / abhISTa artha -- "udaka' hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'prApti' kA 'karma" taba bhI prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA / abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'grAma' kA bodha 'udaka' ke sambandhI ke rUpa meM to ho jAyagA parantu 'prApti' ke 'karma' ke rUpa meM usakA bodha, 'udaka' pada meM 'lakSaraNA' vRtti mAna kara bhI nahIM ho pAtA / For Private and Personal Use Only yadi, 'prApta' pada meM 'kartA' ke artha meM jo 'kta' pratyaya prAyA hai usa 'kta' pratyaya kI 'karma' ke artha meM 'lakSaNA' kI gayI to yaha kaThinAI upasthita hogI ki 'prApta' tathA 'udaka' ina do 'prAtipadikoM' ke arthoM kA abheda sambandha se anvaya karanA par3egA / kyoMki 'prApta' tathA 'udaka' donoM pada samAna vibhakti vAle haiM tathA 'prAtipadika' haiM / isaliye, "samAna - vibhaktika- nAmArthayor zrabheda eva saMsarga : " ( samAna vibhakti vAle do nAmArthI athavA prAtipadikArthoM meM paraspara prabheda sambandha hI hotA hai) isa nyAya ke anusAra, 'prApta' tathA 'udaka' padoM meM prabheda sambandha mAnanA hogA / aisI sthiti meM 'prAptodakaH' pada kA artha hogA "udaka se abhinna prApti kriyA kA 'karma" / jabaki isa pada kA abhISTa vAlI jo prApti kriyA usakA 'karma" / artha hai - "udaka meM hone

Page #499
vaiyaakrnn-siddhaaNt-prm-lghu-mjuuss| yadi 'udaka' ko 'kartA' mAna kara usakA 'prApti' kriyA meM anvaya kiyA gayA to abheda-sambandha na hone ke kAraNa uparyukta nyAya kA ullaMghana hogaa| sAtha hI "nAmArthayor bhedena sAkSAd anvayo'vyutpannaH", arthAt do prAtipadikArthoM kA bheda sambandha se anvaya sAkSAt nahIM hotA apitu kisI bhinna vibhakti kI sahAyatA se hI hotA hai, isa nyAya kA bhI ullaMghana hotA hai kyoMki yahA~ 'prAptodaka:' pada meM bhinna vibhakti ke binA hI bheda sambandha kI upasthiti karAyI jA rahI hai / draSTavya - "prApti-karbabhinnam udakam' ityAdi-bodhottaraM tat-sambandhi-grAma-lakSaNAyAm api 'udaka-kartRka-prApti-karma-grAmaH' ityarthAlAbhAt 'prApta' iti 'kta'-pratyayasyaiva karbarthaka sya karmaNi lakSaNA cet tarhi 'samAnAdhikaraNa-prAtipadikArthayor abhedAnvaya'vyutpatti-bhaMgApatteH / 'prApteH' dhAtvarthatayA kartRtA-sambandhena udakasya ttraanvyaasmbhvaacc"| (vabhUsA0 pR0 272) / nAmArthaka-prakAraka'..... - ityalam :-- isake atirikta "nAmArthaprakAraka-zAbdabuddhitvAvacchinnaM prati vibhaktyarthopasthiteH kAraNatvam' (jisameM 'prAtipadikArtha' vizeSaNa ho aise zabdabodha ke prati vibhakti ke artha kA jJAna hI kAraNa banatA hai) isa nyAya kA bhI virodha vyapekSAvAdI kI uparyukta prakriyA meM hotA hai kyoMki yahA~ "udaka hai 'kartA' jisameM aisI 'prApti' isa zAbda bodha meM 'udaka' rUpa 'prAtipadika' kA artha 'jala' vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| isaliye yaha Avazyaka hai ki isa 'prAtipadikArtha-prakAraka' ('prAtipadikArtha' jisameM 'prakAra' arthAt vizeSaNa hai) zAbdabodha kI saMgati ke liye SaSThI jaisI kisI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAya / 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya meM ye doSa nahIM pAte kyoMki vahA~ to 'vRtti' ke prayogoM meM pada ke vividha avayavoM meM arthAbhidhAna kI zakti mAnI hI nahIM jaatii| isake viparIta isa siddhAnta meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki avayava-viziSTa samudAya hI avayavArtha-viziSTa samudAyArtha kA vAcaka hai| isaliye yahA~ do 'prAtipadikArthoM' kI upasthiti kI bAta hI nahIM banatI / isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa 'ekArthIbhAva' sAmarthya ke siddhAnta meM kisI prakAra kI koI anupapatti nahIM hai| isaliye vaiyAkaraNoM ko yahI pakSa abhimata hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhRta sandarbha srota pRSTha 335 57 118 187 186-87 404 218 170 170,180 sandarbha akathitaM ca / pA0 1.4.51 aktA: zarkarA upadadhAti / ajJAta atyantAsatyapi hyarthe mImAMsAzlokavArtika, zeSajJAnaM-zabda: karoti ca / kRSNa rAmanAtha zAstrI sampA dita, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya, 1640, pR0 33 'atha' zabdasya prArambhakriyA-kSepakatvam / dra0 pATi0 atha zabdAnuzAsanam / mahA0, bhA0 1, pR0 4 athatasmin vyapekSAyAM sAmarthya yo'sAvekArthIbhAvakRto vizeSaH sa vktvyH| mahA0 2.1.1 pR0 68 adhizIsthAsAm / pA0 1.4.46 anaci c| pA08.4.47 ananyalabhyasyaiva zabdArthatvAt / nyAya anbhihite| pA0 2.3.1 anAdinidhanaM brahma zabdatattvaM yadakSaram / vivate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH // vApa0 1.1 anekavyaktyabhivyaGagyA ___ jAtiH sphoTa iti smRtA // vApa0 1.63 anyAyazcAnekArthatvam / nyAya anyonyAbhAvabodhe pratiyogyanuyogipadayoH samAna vibhaktikatvaM niyAmakam / nyAya apadaM na prsNjiit| ajJAta 'apasarataH' iti sRdhAtunA gatidvayasyApyupAdAnAd ekaniSThAM gatimprati itarasyApAdAnatvam aviruddham / dra0 vaibhUsA0 pR0 364 apAdAnam uttarANi kArakANi baadhnte| dra0 pATi0 abhakSyo graamykukkuttH| dra0 pATila abhidhAnaM ca tingkRttddhitsmaasH|| mahA0 2.3.1 abhihite prathamA / mahA0 2.3.46 110 164 226 400,420 363 342,361 265 180 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #501
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 440 sandarbha abhyAsArthe ziSyANAm upadezArthaM vRtti: madhyA vai cintane smRtA / vRttiriSTA bilambitA // aruNayA piMgAkSyaikahAyanyA somaM krINAti / arthabhedAt zabdabhedaH / asti pravartanArUpam anusyUtaM caturSvapi / tatraiva liG vidhAtavyaH vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA srota 'arthavat ' iti kim ? prarthavatAM samudAyo'narthakaH / daza dADimAni SaD apUpA:, kuNDam prajAjinam / arthavad0 / asUryalalATayoH0 / prAdiniTuDuvaH / Anantye'pi hi bhAvAnAm ekaM kRtvopalakSaNam / sukarasambandho zabdaH www.kobatirth.org kimbhedasya vivakSayA // zrAkAMkSitavidhAnaM jyAyaH / prakhyAtaM taddhitakRtoryatkicidupadarzakam / guNapradhAnabhAvAdau tatra dRSTo viparyayaH // Atazca viSamIpsitaM yad bhakSayati tADanAt / AtmA AtmAnaM jAnAti / na ca vyabhicariSyati // prApto nAma anubhavena vastutattvasya kArtsnyena nizcayavAn / rAgAdivazAdapi nAnyathAvAdI yaH saH / zrAhat0 / zrAzrayo'vidhiruddazyaH sambandha: zaktireva vA / yathAyathaM vibhaktyarthA: supAM karmeti bhASyataH || sat aci / dra0 pATi0 dra0 taittirIya saMhitA 6.1.6 mahA0 1.1.7, 20 dra0 pATi0 pA0 1.2.45 pA0 3.2.36 vaibhUsA0 pR0 160 para uddhRta nyAya vaibhUsA0 samAsazakti nirNaya, kArikA saM0 7 mahA0 1.4.50 mahA0 3.1.87 pA0 1.3.5 tantravArtika 3.1.6.12 ajJAta pA0 5.1.16 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhUsA0 pR0 168 pA0 6.1.77 For Private and Personal Use Only pRSTha 106 180 26 400 218 255 167 426 332 151 361 382 15 52 321 85,368

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sandarbha ivArthaH sAdRzyam / uktArthAnAm zraprayogaH / uccArita eva zabdo arthapratyAyako nAnuccAritaH / uttarapadArthaprAdhAnyaM na tatpuruSasya / utpannasya sattvasya svarUpAvadhAraNarUpAM sattAmAcaSTe astyAdiH / upamAnAni sAmAnyavacanaiH / upakAraH upakAryopakArakayoryatra bodhazaktyorupakArasvabhAva: sambandho yatrAsti tatra dharmaH zaktirUpaH kAryaM dRSTvA'numIyate / sau sambandhaH zaktInAmapi kAryajanane upakArakaH, guragAnAmapi dravyAzritatvaniyAmaka: / upakAraH sa yatrAsti dharmastatrAnugamyate / zaktInAmapyasau zaktir guNAnAmapyasau guNaH / / vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhRta sandarbha upapadam atiG / www.kobatirth.org zramityekAkSaraM brahma | kaTospi karma bhISmAdayo'pi / kartari kRt / kartA karma ca karaNaM sampradAnaM tathaiva ca / apAdAnAdhikaraNam dra0 pATi0 pA0 2.2.16 upeyapratipattyarthA upAyA avyavasthitAH / vaibhUsA0, kA0 saM0 68 Rtau bhAryAm upeyAt ajJAta eka indrazabdaH kratuzate prAdurbhUto yugapat sarvayAgeSvagaM bhavati / srota ityAhu: kArakAriNa SaT // ajJAta nyAya dra0 pATi0 nyAya ekadeze samUhe vA vyApArANAM pacAdayaH / svabhAvataH pravartante tulyarUpaM samAzritAH / vApa0 3.7.58 eko'yaM zabdo bahuvarthaH / dra0 pATi0 eve cAniyoge mahA0 6.1.64 epa vandhyAsuto yAti khapuSpakRtazekharaH / kUrmakSIracaye snAtaH zazazRM gadhanurdharaH // dra0 pATi0 dra0 pATi0 pA0 2.1.55 dra0 pATi0 dra0 pATi0 brahmavidyA upa0 3, gItA 8.13 mahA0 2.3.1 pR0 252-53 pA0 3.4.67 ajJAta 441 pRSTha 208 411,433 243 212 148 206 26-30 26 146 13 235 22 140 36 231 37 34 180 315

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442 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-majUSAM sandarbha srota pRSTha 346, 352 326 170, 185 135, 245 345 346 362 karmaNA yamabhipreti / pA0 1.4.32 krmvt0| pA0 3.1.87 kalhArakairavamukheSvapi paMkajeSu / ajJAta kArakAntarAprayojyatve sati kAraka cakraprayojakatvaM kartRtvam / dra0 pATi kArake / pA01.4.23 kRttaddhitaH / pA0 1.2.46 kriyApradhAnamAkhyAtam / dra0 pATi0 kriyAyAH pariniSpattir yadvyApArAdanantaram / vApa0 3.7.80 vivakSyate yadA yatra karaNaM tattadA smRtam / / khaNDikopAdhyAyaH ziSyAya capeTAM dadAti / dra0 pATi0 gatyanAviSTatve sati tajjanyavibhAgAzrayatvam (apaadaantvm)| ajJAta guNabhUtairavayavaiH samUha : kamajanmanAm / buDyA prakalpitAbhedaH kriyeti vyapadizyate / / vApa0 3.8.4 grAhyatvaM grAhakatvaM ca dve zaktI tejaso ythaa| tathaiva sarvazabdAnAm ete pRthagavasthite // vApa0 1.55 cakArAdiniSedho'tha bahuvyutpatti-bhaMjanam / kartavyante nyAyasiddha vaMbhUsA0, samAsa-zakti nirNaya tvasmAkantaditi sthitiH / / kA0 saM0 5 caturthI smprdaane| pA0 2.3.13 (chandasi) liGarthe leTa / pA0 3.4.7 jahatsvArthA tu tatraiva yatra ruuddhivirodhinii| ajJAta galuttamo vaa| pA0 7.1,61 tatra ca diiyte| pA0 5.1.66 tattvamasi / chAndo0 upa0 6.8.7 140 364 o mr mr or 253 426 285 368 70 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamaladhumajUSA meM uddha ta sandarbha 443 sandarbha srota pRSTha 212 334 85 346 353 400 tatsAdRzyamabhAvazca tadanyatvaM tdlptaa| aprAzastyaM virodhazca naarthAH SaT prakalpitA: // dra0 pATi0 tthaa'yuktm| pA0 1.4.50 tsmin| pA0 1.1.66 tadAcakSvAsurendrAya sa ca yuktaM karotu yat / - durgAsaptazatI 5.126 tAtsthyAttathaiva tAddhAt tatsAmIpyAttathaiva ca / tatsAhacaryAt tAdarthyAj jJayA vai lakSaNA budhaiH / / ajJAta tAdarthacaturthyAM dAnakarmaNo gavAdeH sampradAnArthatve'pi dAnakriyAyAstadarthatvAbhAvena catuyantArthasya dAnakriyAyAmanvayAnApattyA kArakatvAnApattiH / dra0 Ti0 tiGa atingH| pA0 8.1.28 tiGa -samAnAdhikaraNe prathamA / mahA0 (vAtika) 2.3.46 tejo vai ghRtam / ajJAta devAMzca yAbhiryajate dadAti c| ajJAta dhAtuH pUrvaM sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupa- mahA0 6.1.135 sargeNa / dhAtunoktakriye nityaM ____ kArake kartRteSyate // dra0 pATi0 dhAtoH sAdhanayogyasya __ bhAvinaH prkrmaadythaa| dhAtutvaM karmabhAvazca tathA'nyadapi dRzyatAm / / vApa0 2.186 nakSatraM dRSTvA vAcaM visRjet / ajJAta naja / pA0 2.2.6 najivayuktamanyasadRzAdhikaraNe tathA- paribhASenduzekhara, pari0 saM0 75 hyrthgtiH| na pdaant0| pA0 1.1.57 na vai tiGantAnyekazeSArambhamprayojayanti / dra0 pATi0 na so'sti pratyayo loke : yazabdAnugamAite / 316 310 118 316 203 218 206 121 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-majUSA sandarbha srota pRSTha 17 382 308 vyutpatti anuviddha miva jJAnaM vApa0 1.123 357, 363 sarva zabdena bhaaste|| nahi guDa ityukte madhuratvaM prakAratayA gamyate / dra0 pATi0 nahi sukhaM duHkhaivinA lbhyte| nyAya 306 na hyAkRtipadArthakasya dravyaM na padArthaH / mahA0 2.1.64 387 naagRhiit| nyAya nAtirAtre SoDazinaM gRha NAti / ajJAta nAmArthadhAtvarthayo|dena sAkSAdanvayAbhAvAt / nyAya 186 nAmArthaprakArakazAbdabuddhitvAvacchinnamprati vibhaktyarthopasthite: kAraNatvam / nyAya nAmArthayorabhedAnvaya0 / vyutpatti 165, 434 nAmArthayorabhedAnvayo vyutpnnH| 164 niyogo'vadhAraNam / tdbhaavo'smbhvH| mahA0 pradIpa TIkA 6.1.64 231 pacyAdayaHkriyA bhavatikriyAyAH ko bhvnti| mahA0 1.3.1 paMca paMcanakhA bhkssyaaH| mahA0, bhA0 1, pR0 36 240 padasamUho vAkyam arthsmaaptau| nyA0 sUtra, (vAtsyAyana bhASya) 1.55 5 padArthaH padArthena anveti na tu padArthekadezena / nyAya 226, 410, 423 pade na varNAM vidyante varNeSvavayavA na ca / vAkyAta padAnAm atyantaM praviveko na kazcana / / vApa0 1.73 parasparavyapekSAM sAmarthyam eke / ''kA punaH zabdayorkApekSA ? na bUmaH zabdayoriti / kiM tahiM ? arthayoH / mahA0 2.1.1 pR0 36 113 parA vAGa mUlacakrasthA pazyantI nAbhisaMsthitA / hRdisthA madhyamA jJeyA vaikharI knntthdeshgaa|| ajJAta (parokSe) liT / pA0 3.2.115 246 paryudAsaH sdRshgraahii| ajJAta 100 212 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhata sandarbha sandarbha srota 166, 100 308 424 pUrva dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAt sAdhanena iti / naitat sAram / pUrva dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeNa / sAdhanaM hi kriyA nivartayati / tAm upasargo vizinaSTi / abhinivRttasya cArthasya upasargeNa vizeSaH zakyo vaktum / satyam evam etat / yastvasau dhAtUpasargayorabhisambandhastamabhyantaraM kRtvA dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate / avazyaM caitad evaM vijJeyam / yo hi manyate pUrva dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAd upasargeNa iti tasya 'pAsyate guruNA' ityakarmaka: 'upAsyate guruH' iti kena sakarmaka: syAt / mahA06.1.135 prakRtyarthAnvitasvArthabodhakatvaM pratyayasya / nyAya pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAH prmaannaani| nyAyasUtra 1.1.3 pratyayAnAM prakRtyAnvitasvArthabodhakatvam / vyutpatti pratyayAnAM sannihitapadArthagatasvArthabodhakatvam / pramANAntareNa prAptasyaiva vastunaH punaH zabdena pratipAdana prayojanAntarAbhAvAt svatulyAnyavyavacchedaM gamayati / kAvyaprakAza, 10.122 prayojanavatI niruDhA ca / lakSaNA dvividhA matA // prasajyapratiSedho'yaMkriyayA saha yatra naJ / ajJAta prasajyAyaM kriyAguNau tataH pazcAn nivRttiM kurute / dra0 pATi phalaM dhAtvartho vyApAraH pratyayArthaH / ajJAta phalamukhagauravaM na doSAya / nyAya phalavyApArayordhAtu rAzraye tu tiGaH smRtAH / phale pradhAnaM vyApArastiGarthastu vizeSaNam // vaibhUsA0, dhAtvAkhyAtArtha nirNaya, kA0 saM02 vyutpatti 424 235 ajJAta 218 133 164 245 For Private and Personal Use Only

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446 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA sandarbha srota pRSTha 245 212 203 130,173 367 421 375 310 216 phalavyApArayostatra phale taGa yak ciraNAdayaH / vyApAre zaznamAdyAstu vaibhUsA0, dhAtvAkhyAtArthanirNaya, dyotayantyAzrayAnvayam // kA0saM03 bAdhakAlikam icchAjanyaM jJAnam AhAryam / ajJAta buddhisthAdabhisambandhAttathA dhAtUpasargayoH / abhyantarIkRto bhedaH padakAle prkaashte|| vApa0 2.188 bhAvapradhAnamAkhyAtaM sattvapradhAnAni ni0 1.1 nAmAni / bhuvo vug lunglittoH| pA0 6.4.88 bhU sattAyAm / pA0 dhAtupATha 1.1 bhedybhedkyoshcaiksmbndho'nyo'nymissyte| dviSTho yadyapi sambandhaH SaSThyutpattistu bhedakAt / / ajJAta ya evaM vidvAn amAvAsyAyAM yajate / ajJAta yajatiSu ye yajAmahaM karoti naanuyaajessu| Apastamba zrautasUtra 24.13 5 yatra karmaNi kartari vA kriyAkRto vizeSa: kazcid dRzyate tatra kriyA vyavasthitA ityucyate / nanvevaM pacyAdikartaryapi zramAdirUpavizeSasya darzanAd idamayuktaMm / kiMca 'cintayati,''pazyati' ityAdInAM kartR sthabhAvakatvAnupapattiH / kartari kriyAkRtavizeSAbhAvAt / ata aAha 'anyeSAm' iti / 'mate' iti zeSaH / yatra kartRkarmasAdhAraNarUpaM phalaM zabdena pratipAdyate sa kartR sthabhAvakaH / yathA 'pazyati ghaTam', grAmaM gacchati', 'hasati' ityAdau / tatra viSayatAsamavAyAbhyAM jJAnam ubhayaniSTham / saMyogazcobhayaniSThaH / evaM hAso'pi / nahi viSayatA-yAvaraNabhaMgo evam / yatra katravRtti-karmasthaphalaM sa karmasthabhAvakaH / yathA 'bhinatti' ityAdau / nahi dvidhAbhavanAdi kathamapi kartR nisstthm| dra0 pATi0 152-153 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta paramalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhata srota sandarbha yan mAse'tikrAnte dIyate tasya mAsa pazleSikam adhikaraNam / mAsikaM dhAnyam / sAdhyatvenAbhidhIyate / prazritakramarUpatvAt yazca nimbaM parazunA yazcainaM madhusarpiSA / yazcainaM gandhamAlyAdyaH sarvasya kaTureva saH // dra0 pATi0 yAvat siddhamasiddha vA sA kriyetyabhidhIyate // www.kobatirth.org rAmeti dvyakSaraM nAma mAnabhaMga: pinAkinaH / rucyarthAnAm / rUr3hiyogArtham apaharati / laH karmariNa0 / laTaH zatRzAna cau0 / 'lavaNamevAsa bhuGkta' ityAdau prAcuryArthakasya 'ghaTa eva prasiddhaH' ityAdau grapyarthakasya, 'kveva bhokSyase' ityAdau asambhavArthasya ca tasya sattvam / ( parokSe ) liT / leTossATau / loke vyavAyAmiSamadyasevA nityAstu jantornahi tatra codanA / vyavasthitisteSu vivAhayajJasurAgrahairAsu nivRttiriSTA // vAcakatvAvizeSa'pi niyamaH puNyapApayoH // vidhiratyantamaprApte niyama: pAkSike sati / tatra cAnyatra ca prApte parisaMkhyeti gIyate // vibhASA / dra0 pATi0 vApa0 381 ajJAta pA0 1.4.33 nyAya pA0 3.4.66 pA0 3.2.124 grajJAta pA0 3.2.115 pA0 3.4.64 sandarbha bhAgavata purANa 11.5.11 vApa0 3.3.30 taMtravArtika 1.2.34 pA0 2.1.11 447 pRSTha 368 57 140 34 352 426 133, 135, 166, 167, 242, 263 265 231 246 253 235 42 36 411

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 448 sandarbha vizeSadarzanaM yatra kriyA tatra vyavasthitA / kriyAvyavasthA tvanyeSAM vaikharyA hi kRto nAdaH parazravaNagocaraH / zabdereva prakalpitA // viSayatvamAtya zabdanarthaH prakAzyate / madhyamayA kRto nAdaH sphoTavyaMjaka iSyate // vRttasya vizeSaNayogo na / vRddhirAdaic / vrIhIn pravahanti / zaktiH paMkajazabdavat / zabdasyordhvamabhivyakta er vRttibhede tu vaikRtAH / www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama-laghu-maMjUSA srota dhvanayaH samupahante sphoTAtmA tairna bhidyate // zabdArthayostAdAtmyasvIkAre madhuzabdoccAraNe mukhe mAdhurya rasAsvAdApattiH / zabdoccAraNe mukhe dAhApattiH / sAhacaryaM virodhitA / zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAnakozAptavAkyAda vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAd vivRtervadanti sAnnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhAH // ajJAta zabdajJAnAnupAtI vastuzUnyo vikalpaH / yogasUtra 1.6 zrotropalabdhirbudvinirgrAhyaH prayogeraNA - bhijvalita prakAzadezaH zabdaH / saMyogo viprayogazca arthaH prakaraNaM liMgaM zabdasyAnyasya sannidhiH // saMhitAyAm / saMketastu padapadArthayoritaretarAdhya sarUpaH smRtyAtmako yo'yaM zabdaH so'rtho yo'rthaH vApa0 3.7.66 vApa0 1.56 ( dra0 pATi0 ) ajJAta mahA0 2.1.1, pR0 14 pA0 1.1.1 ajJAta vaibhUsA0 samAsazaktinirNaya, kA0 saM0 4 vApa0 1.78 ajJAta mahA0 bhA0 1. pR0 15 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vApa0 2.315 pA0 6.172 For Private and Personal Use Only pRSTha 152 364 67 423 34 240 411 382 36 106 35 106 55 368

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sandarbha sa zabdaH / satAM ca na niSedho'sti so'satsu ca na vidyate / jagatyanena nyAyena vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhRta sandarbha www.kobatirth.org naJarthaH pralayaM gataH // sati tAtparye sarve sarvArthavAcakAH / sarve sarvArthavAcakAH / samayajJAnArthaM cedaM padalakSaraNAyA vAco'nvAkhyAnaM vyAkaraNam / vAkya lakSaNAyA vAco'thaM lakSaNam / samartha0 / samAnavibhaktikanAmArthayorabheda zAstreNa dharmaniyamaH / samAse khalu bhinnaiva zakti: paMkajazabdavat // saMsargaH / samAnAyAmarthAvagatau zabdazcApazabdaizca srota yogasUtra, vyAsabhASya, 3.17 samidho yajati / sambandho hi sambandhidvaya bhinnatve sati dviSThatve ca sati prazrayatayA viziSTa buddhi niyAmaka: / 'samyakpradIyate yasmai tat sampradAnam' ityanvarthasaMjJeyam / tathA ca goniSThasvasvatva nivRtti samAnAdhikaraNaparasvatvotpattyanukUlavyApArarUpakriyoddezyasya brAhmaNAdereva sampradAnatvam / punargraharaNAya rajakasya vastradAne 'rajakasya vastraM dadAti' iti sambandhasamAnye SaSThyeva / sarUpa0 / sargAdibhuvAM maharSidevatAnAm IzvareNa sAkSAdeva kRtaH saMketa: / tadvyavahArA pramANavArtika, adhyAya 4, zloka sa0 26 dra0 pATi0 dra0 pATi0 eva nyAya dra0 pATi0 pA0 2.1.1 ajJAta dra0 pATi0 vaibhUsA0, samAsazakti nirNaya, kA0 saM0 4, pR0 263 meM uddhRta ajJAta dra0 pATi0 pA0 1.2.64 442 pRSTha 32 226 75,76,77 122-23 31 17, 113 434 42 431 310 26-27 348 387

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 450 sandarbha sAkSAt pratyakSatulyayoH / sAmarthya maucitI deza: ccAsmadAdInAmapi sugrahastat saMketaH / sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam / savizeSaraNAnAM vRttirna vRttasya ca vizeSaNayogo na / kAlo vyaktiH svarAdayaH / zabdArthasyAnavacchede vizeSasmRtihetavaH // supa AtmanaH 0 / suSAM karmAdayo'pyarthA : saMkhyA caiva tathA tiGAm // subantaM hi yathAneka tiGantasya vizeSaraNam / pacati / sphoTasya grahaNe hetuH prAkRto dhvaniriSyate / svarati0 / svargakAma yajeta / www.kobatirth.org vaiyAkaraNa- siddhAnta-parama- laghu-maMjUSA srota dra0 pATi0 nyAya tathA tiGantamapyAhu stiGantasya vizeSaraNam / sautrAmaNyAM surAgrahAn gRha gAti / sthAnyarthAbhidhAna samarthasyaivAdezatA / sthAnyarthAbhidhAna samarthasyaivAdezatvam / sthAlIsthe yatne pacitA kathyamAne sthAlI svarga kAmo'zvamedhena yajeta / tazeSaM bhakSayet / hetumati ca / mahA0 2.1.1, pR0 14 amarakoza 3.252 vApa0 2.316. pA0 3.1.8 mahA0 1.4.21 vApa0 2.6 dra0 pATi0 ajJAta nyAya nyAya mahA0 1.4. 23 vApa0 1.76 kI svopajJa TIkA meM uddhRta pA0 7.2.44 ajJAta ajJAta ajJAta pA0 3.1.26 pRSTha 33 231, 235 410, 431 186 55 150 322 176 235 10 167 158, 170 106 400 266, 304, 367 240 235 137

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra nAma abhiyukta vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntaparamalaghumaMjUSA meM uddhRta grantha, granthakAra tathA kucha anya viziSTa nAma ruNAdhikaraNe AcAryA: AlaGkArikAH AryamlecchAdhi karaNam RSibhiH kecit kaiyyaTa kaipTena koSa guravaH gautamasUtra caraka tArkika tArkikAH tArkikai : dIdhitikRtaH nirukta naiyAyika naiyAyikAH 143, 280, 286, 362 187 368 181 308 15 15 178, 181, 221 24, 35, 42, 63, 83,87, 160, 186, 227, 317 38, 226 308 130, 148 33 118, 263, 282, 304 naiyAyikAnAm 263 naiyAyikamImAMsa kAdayaH nyAya pR0 27, 320, 364, 426 180 7 231, 235 www.kobatirth.org 46 10 (do bAra ) 304 410 226 nAma nyAyena nyAyasya nyAyabhASyakAra nyAyavAcaspatyam pataMjali: pare pAtaMjalabhASya pAtaMjalA: prAbhAkarAH bahavaH bhAgavate bhATTAH bhASya bhASyam bhASyAt bhASye bhASyakRtA bhASyanyAya mImAMsakAH mImAMsakaiH mImAMsakammanyaiH yAska vAkyapadIyAt vArtike pR0 306 378, 382 5, 31 33 15 131, 206 32 263 267 218 235 281, 263 170, 176, 180, 226, 342, 368 17, 42, 76, 320, 361, 363 75, 243, 387, 400, 420 52, 115, 150, 151, 158, 180, 166, 208, 206, 235, 240, 246, 318, 368, 405 346, 418 10 133, 378 181 411 135, 173, 245 364 231

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452 vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAMta-parama-laghu-majUSA nAma pR0 nAma pR0 vikalpasUtra vRttikArA: 348 226, 231 66, 212, 240 281 vRddhAH vaiyAkaraNA: vyutpatti vyutpattiH zAbdika zAbdikAH zAbdikanaye 123 (durgA) saptazatI 346 hari 316,345 hariH 26, 67, 105, 118,431 hariNA 203, 212, 255, harikArikA 42 (do bAra) helArAjaH 153, 353 375, 434 424 181 162, 323 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zuddhi-patra pRSTha sthala prazuddha pATha zuddha pATha 31 grantha bhAga, paMkti 3 vyAkaraNAm vyAkaraNam 35 grantha bhAga, paMkti 4 mukhe dAhApattiH mukhe mAdhuryarasAsvAdApattiH / vahnizabdoccAraNe mukhe dAhApattiH / 100 grantha bhAga, kArikA kA uttarArdha apyantaM atyantaM 160 upakamaNikA laMkArArthaM lakArArtha 180 grantha bhAga, dUsarA khaNDa, evAnvayoH, evAnvayo, paMkti 1, (mImAMsA saM0) (mImAMsA sU0) 226 upakramaNikA ghaTo: na paTa: ghaTo na paTa: 235 grantha bhAga, paMkti 4, alaGkAra, alaGkAra, grantha bhAga, paMkti 6, tulyanyAya tulyAnya grantha bhAga, zloka nivRttiriiSTA nivRttiriSTA 237 vyAkhyA bhAga meM uddhRta zloka kA uttarArdha zalkakI zallakI 238 vyAkhyA meM parisaMkhyA kA prathama udAharaNa yadAsaktyA ceyaM yadAsaktyA ceto 236 vyAkhyA meM parisaMkhyA kA dUsarA udAharaNa nayanayorarvasati nayanayorvasati 278 upakrama vAkya ghiTo nazyati ghaTo nazyati 276 vyAkhyA meM zIrSaka bhAga na ca tAdrizotpa- na ca tAdRzotpattikatvameva ttikatvameva 296 grantha bhAga, paMkti 1 svargakAmoyajeta svargakAmo yajeta 304 grantha bhAga, paMkti 1 vidhir' iti vidhiH' iti 325 vyAkhyA bhAga, nIce se vaSADyogAcca vaSaDyogAcca cauthI paMkti 332 pAda TippaNa saM0 2 biSayabhakSaNam biSabhakSaraNam For Private and Personal Use Only

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