Dravyavigyan

Author(s): Vidyutprabhashreeji
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002592/1

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dravya-vijJAna sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA 2010_03 ,

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AzIH gaurava aura AhlAda kA viSaya hai ki bahina sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA kA zodha prabaMdha janatA ko prastuta ho rahA hai| vidyutprabhA kI lekhanI samarasatA, pravAhamayatA aura prastutIkaraNa kI anUThI kSamatA kA paryAya hai| usane 'dravya' jaise gUr3ha viSaya para zAstrIya mantavyoM ke sAtha apane cintana ko zabda-svara diyA hai| isa grantha kI mahattA va upayogitA svayaM siddha hai| merA antaHkaraNa isa grantha ke prakAzana kI belA meM pramudita hai, isa bharose ke sAtha ki yaha grantha vidvajjanoM dvArA samAdaraNIya bnegaa| isa apekSA ke sAtha ki aise hI gUr3ha viSayoM para aura bhI cintana calegA, aura kalama bahegI, sAdhvI vidyutprabhA kI ujjvala gati-pragati ke lie maiM AzIrvAda detA huuN| (gaNi maNiprabhasAgara) 2010 03

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prAkRta bhAratI puSpa 107 dravya-vijJAna (zodha-prabaMdha) sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA zrIjI prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura kAnti pArasa prakAzana bAr3amera 2010_03

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AvaraNa chAyA va rekhAMkana prathama saMskaraNa akTUbara 1994 prakAzaka va prApti sthAna prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI 3826, motIsiMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA jayapura-302003 (rAja.) saMtoSa jaDiyA, indaura mudraka : naIduniyA prinTarI, indaura 2010_03 kAnti pArasa prakAzana c/o zrI dvArakAdAsajI DosI mUlya : 80.00 rupae mAtra cauhaTana roDa bAr3amera-344001 phona : 20319

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prakAzakIya vItarAga-vANI mokSa kA vijJAna hai| unhoMne kevalajJAna ke Aloka meM jagata ke yathArtha svarUpa kA darzana kara tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| paramAtmA kI vANI pUrNa vaijJAnika hai| yadi koI tattva vijJAna kI pakar3a meM nahIM AtA to yaha usakA adhUrApana hai| isase paramAtmA kI vANI meM zaMkA karane kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| parama pUjanIyA parama viduSI mahAprajJA DaoN. sAdhvI zrI vidyutprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. ne prastuta grantha meM SaD dravyoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| jagata SaD dravyamaya hai| isake alAvA aura kucha bhI nahIM hai| parama pUjya gurudeva, prajJApuruSa, yugaprabhAvaka sva. AcArya deva zrI jina kAntisAgara sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. kI pAvana smRti meM pUjya gurudeva gaNivarya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. kI preraNA se saMsthApita 'kAnti prakAzana tathA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke saMyukta prakAzanatva meM isa grantha ko prakAzita kara hama harSa va gaurava kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| prajJA manISI siddhahasta lekhaka DaoN. zrI nemIcandajI jaina ne bhUmikA likhakara grantha ke gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai, hama etadartha unake prati AbhAra vyakta karate haiN| grantha-prakAzana ke vyavasthita kAryakrama meM sahayogI bane zrI hemantakumArajI zekhAvata kA bhI AbhAra pradarzita karate haiN| prastuta grantha AdaraNIya bnegaa| jJAna-jijJAsA kA AdhAra banegA, inhIM AzAoM ke sAtha grantha Apake kara-kamaloM meM prastuta hai| devendrarAja mehatA saciva prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura dvArakAdAsa DosI adhyakSa kAnti pArasa prakAzana, bADamera ___ 2010_03

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2010_03

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dravya-vijJAna grantha kA vimocana karate hue rAjasthAna sarakAra ke mukhya saciva zrI mIThAlAlajI mehatA, pAsa meM hai kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa zrI harakhacaMdajI naahttaa| savasTAyatakamANDalAmAlA baDAdAyagAlA yAsatakAlabAharavAra "dravya vijJAna prAyavimocana ke avasaraparaApasI mahAnubhAvoM zrIudaya kAhArdi-bhinandana vimocana samAroha meM rAjIva dAsota S.P., zrI mIThAlAlajI mehatA, zrI harakhacaMdajI nAhaTA, jilAdhIza zrI zaileMdra agravAla, zrI ratanasiMhajI pArakha, zrI zrIcaMdajI kRpalANI bhU.pU. vidhAyaka, zrI udayalAlajI AMjanA vidhAyaka aadi| 2010_03

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2010_03

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dravya-vijJAna jaina darzana ne bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra meM apane vizAla sAhitya aura talasparzI ciMtana ke kAraNa eka viziSTa sthAna vibhUSita kiyA hai| dravya svarUpa ke bAre meM jaina dArzanikoM kA jo sUkSma vizleSaNa hai, use aneka Adhunika bhautikazAstra ke vijJAniyoM ne kucha hada taka svIkAra kiyA hai| isa zodha nibaMdha meM jaina dArzanika granthoM meM pAI gaI dravyaviSayaka vivecanA ke samagra citra ko pradarzita karate hue tulanAtmaka dRSTi se ise prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA prastuta zodha nibaMdha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiN| ve isa prakAra hai : (1) prathama adhyAya : bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya avadhAraNA (2) dvitIya adhyAya jaina paramparA mAnya dravya kA lakSaNa (3) tRtIya adhyAya : jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA (4) caturtha adhyAya : ajIva kA svarUpa (5) pAMcavAM adhyAya : upasaMhAra ina adhyAyoM meM nimnalikhita viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai : 1. bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya avadhAraNA 1-20 . bhinna bhinna vicAradhArAoM meM ekatA kI anugUMja . bhAratIya darzana kI vizeSatA - pAzcAtya darzana kI vizeSatA - darzana zabda kI utpatti, prayoga evaM usakA artha- darzana zabda kI philosaphI se tulanA . dArzanika ke mApadaMDa evaM unakI 2010_03

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vizeSatA kI prAcInatA / jaina darzana meM dravya Astika aura nAstika vicAradhArA jaina darzana dravya kA nirUkta artha dravya ke paryAyavAcI zabda dravya kI parikalpanA kA kAraNa bhAratIya dArzanika ke dravya evaM sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna bauddha dharmAnusAra mata upaniSad ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi dravya evaM sRSTi sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi cArvAka mata meM dravya evaM sRSTi jaina darzana kI dravya evaM sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM mAnyatA 2. jaina paramparA mAnya dravya kA lakSaNa # jaina paraMparA meM sat kA lakSaNa yukta hai dravya lakSaNa guNa paryAya sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI kI apekSA guNa paryAya # vastu anaMta dharmAtmaka hai dravya trikAlika hai | astitva kI anivAryatA pariNamana hai / UrdhvatA evaM tiryak kI apekSA dravya, utpAdAdi bhinna bhI dravya meM ekAMtika pratipAdana ke dUSaNa dravya guNa paryAya meM ekAMta bheda nahIM dravya guNa aura paryAya meM ekAMta abheda bhI nahIM jaina darzana samanvayavAdI utpAda, vyaya evaM dhauvya meM kAla kI bhinnatA - abhinnatA sabhI dravya svataMtra hai sad saprati pakSa hai- ( sad-asad vAcyAvAcya, astitva, nAstitva, sAmAnya vizeSa ) sad-asad nyAya vaizeSika, bheda abheda vedAnta va sAmAnya kumAra ke anusAra ) naya kA svarUpa aura usakI AvazyakatA SaD dravyoM kA vibhAjana- cetana acetana kI apekSA, mUrta amUrtakI apekSA, eka va aneka kI apekSA, pariNAmI va nitya kI apekSA, sapradezI va apradezI kI apekSA, kSetravAna evaM akSetravAna kI apekSA, sarvagata va asarvagata kI apekSA, kAraNa evaM akAraNa kI apekSA, kartA va bhoktA kI apekSA / 3. jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA # AtmA zabda kI vyutpatti AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi 2010_03 21-60 61-134

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/ AtmA pramANa siddha hai| - AtmA kI siddhi jina bhadrasUri ke anusAra - vibhinna AcAryoM ke anusAra AtmA kI siddhi - AtmA aura upaniSad - upaniSad aura Atma svarUpa kI vibhinnatA - dehAtmavAda - prANAtmavAda - manomaya AtmA - prajJA vijJAnAtmA / caitanyAtmA / nyAya vaizeSika meM AtmA - bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda / / cArvAka aura AtmA / sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA - jIvAstikAya ke lakSaNa - upayoga ke prakAra - jJAna ke prakAra - sahavAdI aura kramavAdI / anekAtmA hai - dehaparimANa AtmA - nityatA tathA pariNAmI anityatA . AtmA kartA bhoktA hai - jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa aura zuddhAtmA kA svarUpa. karmamukta AtmA. pariNAmika bhAva - AtmA aura bhAva (ka) aupazamika (kha) kSAyikabhAva (ga) mizra (gha) audArika bhAva / saMsArI jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa trasa aura sthAvara kI apekSA se - mahAvIra aura vanaspati - vanaspati ke bheda - trasa jIvoM ke bheda / paMcendriya ke prakAra - manuSya ke jIvoM ke prakAra - nairayikoM ke prakAra - devoM ke prakAra - jIva aura zarIra - AtmA aura caritra - lezyA aura jIva - karma aura jIva - jIva aura paryApti - AtmA aura guNasthAna - puNya, pApa, baMdha aura jIva / Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura jIva / karma aura Azrava / saMvara nirjarA / baMdha aura mokSa - baMdha aura Azrava kA bheda - mokSa kA svarUpa- (ka) pUrva ke saMskAra (kha) karma se asaMga (ga) baMdha cheda (gha) agnizikhAvat (ca) mukti kI prApti ke bheda - mukti ke sAdhana - jIva ke aneka nAmoM ke kAraNa 4. ajIva kA svarUpa 135-207 - dharmAstikAyakA lakSaNa - kAraNa ke prakAra - dharmAstikAya kI upayogitA - adharmAstikAya kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa - adharmAstikAya kI upayogitA - dharmAstikAya- adharmAstikAya ke astitva kI siddhi - AkAzAstikAya kA lakSaNa aura svarUpa - catuSTayI kI apekSA loka . AkAzAstikAya ___ 2010_03

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ke bheda - bauddha mata meM loka kA vivecana (ka) naraka loka (kha) jyotiloka (ga) svarga loka / vaidika dharmAnusAra loka varNana : (ka) naraka loka (kha) jyotirloka (ga) maharloka . loka ke bheda prabheda - saMsthAna ke prakAra - lokAloka kA porvAparva - dik . nyAya vaizeSika aura AkAza . sAMkhya ke anusAra AkAza - advaita vedAnta aura AkAza . bauddhamata aura AkAza - AkAzAstikAyakI siddhi . kAla dravya - kAla kA lakSaNa : (ka) vartanA kyA hai? (kha) pariNAma kyA hai? (ga) kriyA kyA hai? (gha) paratva va aparatva (ca) pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM kucha tarka - vartanA aura pariNAma meM aMtara . kAla akhaMDa pradezI nahIM hai. kAla anaMta samayayukta hai . kAla ke prakAra - kAla kA upakAra . kriyA meM sahAyaka kAla hai . vyavahAra ke bheda - nizcaya kAla kA lakSaNa . vyavahAra aura nizcaya kAla meM aMtara . kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA - kAla ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA . vaizeSika darzana meM kAla . sAMkhya aura kAla . pudgala kA lakSaNa - pudgala ke bheda - paramANu kA svabhAva catuSTaya . pudgala ke lakSaNa - pudgala ke bheda : (ka) skaMdha (kha) skaMdhadeza (ga) pradeza (gha) paramANu - pudgala ke paryAya : (ka) zuddha (kha) baMdha (ga) sUkSma (gha) sthUla (Da) saMsthAna (ca) bheda (cha) aMdhakAra (ja) chAyA (jha) Atapa (ga) udyota . pudgala ke chaH bheda - pudgala pariNamana - pudgala ke prakAra - pudgala kA svabhAva catuSTaya - pudgala ke upakAra - jaina darzana kA lakSya 5. upasaMhAra 208-225 2010_03

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sapanA jo sAkAra huA raMgarUpamala koThArI 1.A.S. DaoN. vidyutprabhAjI ke zodhaprabaMdha kI prakAzana belA meM maiM niHsaMdeha rUpa se AhlAdita evaM pramudita huuN| yaha merA lakSya va sapanA thA ki ve DaoNkTareTa kI maMjila taka phNce| agara maiM yaha bhI kahU~ ki unhoMne pI.eca.DI. karake mujha para eka anugraha kiyA hai, to bhI koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| maiM unheM taba se jAnatA hai jaba ve borDakI parIkSA de cukI thiiN| padonnata hokara bADamera se maiM jodhapura jA rahA thA ki mujhe saMdeza milA ki sAdhvIjI ne mujhe apane adhyayana ke silasile meM yAda kiyA hai to maiM vahA~ pahu~cA aura unase adhyayana saMbaMdhI carcA huii| usa samaya unake paricaya prabhAva kA dAyarA atyanta sImita thaa| maiMne unheM saMpUrNata: Azvasta kiyA ki ve adhyayana meM Ane vAlI kisI bhI samasyA se vicalita na hokara apanI par3hAI jArI rkheN| usI dina se unakI vyAvahArika zikSA kA saMpUrNa uttaradAyitva maiMne apane kaMdhoM para le liyaa| unakI rAha meM anekoM bAdhAe~ aaii| ___kucha hI dinoM bAda unakI guruvaryA zrI kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| niHsaMdeha mujhe unakI TUTI mAnasikatA se lagA ki ve aba Age nahIM pddh'eNgii| maiMne unheM pUrNa apanatva se eka pitA kI bhUmikA se samajhAyA aura mujhe hArdika saMtoSa hai ki usake bAda jitane bhI avarodha Aye, una sabhI ko pUrNa prakharatA se cIratI huI ve Age bar3hatI hI gii| jisa taraha unhoMne ema.e. kara liyaa| merA mAnasa thA ki ve sAmAnya aura sarala viSaya cunakara atizIghra DaoNkTareTa kara leM para yaha pahalA maukA thA jaba unhoMne merI bAta ko anasunA karake apane hI tarIke se nirNaya liyaa| unhoMne zodha kA viSaya atyanta gar3ha para Agamika cunaa| aisA viSaya cunA jo sAmAnya samajha se pare thaa| para aba cU~ki unakI prajJA vikasita thI aura apanI pratibhA kA ve zodha meM upayoga karanA cAhatI thii| ataH maiMne viSaya nirdhAraNa meM unake Agraha ko svIkAra kara liyaa| vaise mujhe aura adhika saMtuSTi thI ki ve jaTilatama viSaya lekara apanI prajJA ko painA karanA cAhatI hai| para viSaya nirdhAraNa ke bAda unakI gatizIla gAr3I ruka gii| vihAra kA, paricaya kA, ziSyAoM kA aura yojanAoM kA vistAra hotA gyaa| usI meM unake samaya kA adhikAMza bhAga gujara jaataa| 1992 meM unakA jaba mAlapurA jAnA huA taba unhoMne gurucaraNoM meM saMkalpa kiyA ki isI varSa unheM zodha prabaMdha prastuta karanA hai| jisa tejI se unakI gAr3I rukI thI, usI anupAta meM balki usase bhI jyAdA tejI se unakI gati tIvratama hotI calI gii| satata parizrama karake unhoMne mAlapurA aura jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna apanA zodha prabaMdha saMpUrNa kara hI liyaa| svayaM sva. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata evaM ___ 2010_03

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jaina darzana ke pramukha vidvAna DaoN. ke.sI. sogAnI unakI gati se Azcarya cakita the| jitanI alpAvadhi meM unhoMne apanA saMkalpa pUrNa kiyA, usake lie svayaM DaoN. sogAnI ke niSkarSa the ki isa kArya meM unheM koI daivI sahayoga upalabdha ho rahA hai| aura merA bhI yahI cintanaphala thA ki unhoMne mAlapurA ke samrAT dAdA kuzala sUri kI dharatI para jisa kArya kA zubhAraMbha kiyA hai, niHsaMdeha usakI pUrNatA meM avazya hI gurudeva sahayoga kara rahe haiN| merA apanA anubhava hai ki jaba ve mAlapurA meM thIM taba pustakAlaya ke abhAva meM sandarbha granthoM ke na hone se parezAna thI, usa samaya cU~ki AsapAsa kA sArA vAtAvaraNa va pariveza aparicita thA, ataH gurucaraNoM meM hI nivedana kiyA ki mujhe sahayoga kareM aura tabhI unheM Azcaryajanaka rUpa se kucha pustakeM sthAnIya digambara jaina maMdira se anAyAsa hI prApta ho giiN| zodha prabaMdha prastuta hone ke bAda ve vihAra kara sAMcora A gae aura zodha prabaMdha parIkSaNa hetu pramukha vidvAnoM ke pAsa gujarAta vizva vidyAlaya ne bheja diyaa| parantu vAyavA saMbhava nahIM ho rahA thA / bahudhA taiyAriyA~ hone para bhI yA to DaoN. ke.sI. sogAnI kI paristhitiyA~ athavA DaoN. vAI.esa. zAstrI kI atyadhika vyastatA ke kAraNa vAya vA samaya para radda ho jaataa| anta meM kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa AdaraNIya bhAIjI zrI harakhacaMdajI nAhaTA ne yaha uttaradAyitva apane sira para liyA aura jodhapura 13 apraila 94 ko bar3I umaMgoM ke sAtha unakA vAyavA saMpanna ho gyaa| agara yaha kahU~ to jyAdA yathArtha ke nikaTa hogA ki unakI vyAvahArika zikSA kA prAraMbha mere sahayoga se huA to usakI parisamApti zrI bhAIjI ke sahayoga se sampanna huii| vaha pala Aja bhI merI smRti meM hai, jaba ve vAya vA saMpanna kara DaoNkTara ke rUpa meM bAhara AIM, merA roma-2 prasannatA se jhUma rahA thaa| AnaMda A~sU ke rUpa meM chalaka, baha utthaa| maiM vigata varSoM se unake jIvana kA sAkSI hU~ ki kina kaThinAiyoM ke sAtha unhoMne apanA lakSya aura merA sapanA pUrA kiyA hai| atyanta vyasta ho jAne para bhI ve lakSya kI ora avicala bhAvoM se bar3hatI rahI / apane dRr3ha saMkAya ke balabUte hI unhoMne sAmAjika aura sAmudAyika uttaradAyitva hone para bhI uddezya ko pUrNa kara hI liyA / unakA yaha zodha prabaMdha jaina darzana kI mUlyavAna dharohara ke rUpa meM sthApita bane evaM vidvAnoM ke lie upayogI sAmagrI bane, isI meM isakI sArthakatA hai| DaoN. vidyutprabhA jI bhaviSya meM adhyayana ke kSetra meM nae kIrtimAna sthApita kare, inhIM zubhakAmanAoM ke saath| 2010_03

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samarpaNa ... jinakI AdezAtmaka preraNA ne prastuta grantha nirmANa kA dharAtala taiyAra kiyA, jinakA svapna hI grantha kA nirmAtA banA, una vAtsalya-hRdaya, pitA-tulya zrI raMgarUpamala jI koThArI AI.e.esa. ko vinamra bhAvena zraddhA-saha sAdara... -sAdhvI vidyutprabhA ___ 2010_03

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pUrva-svara jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra jo guNa aura paryAya se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai| vAcaka umAsvAti ne inhIM bhAvoM meM dravya kI paribhASA gaThita kI hai guNaparyayavad dravyam -ta.sU. 38 jo dravya ke sAtha avicchinna rUpa se satata sahabhAvI hokara rahe vaha guNa kahalAtA hai evaM apane mUla svabhAva kA parityAga na karake bhI bhinnabhinna rUpoM meM parivartita hone vAlI dravya kI avasthA vizeSa ko paryAya kahate upAdAna yA nimitta kAraNoM ko prApta kara dravya apanA svarUpa bhale hI parivartita karale parantu naye dravya kA na utpAda hotA hai, na naash|| pUrvAvasthA kA parityAga kara navIna avasthA ko avazya hI vaha prApta ho jAtA hai phira bhI usakA mUla svarUpa jyoM kA tyoM surakSita rahatA hai| jaise sonA eka dravya hai| use vibhinna AkRtiyoM meM DhAlA jAtA hai parantu kaMgana bane cAhe hAra, usakA svarNatva to donoM hI rUpoM meM maujUda rahatA hai| vAstava meM sonA bhI koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai, vaha bhI pudgala kI ananta avasthAoM meM se eka avasthA hai| Aja jo pudgala skandha svarNa rUpa meM hai, ve hI bhaviSya meM svarNatva kA tyAga kara miTTI ke rUpa meM parivartita ho sakate haiN| parantu pudgala dravya ke jina lakSaNoM ko nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, ve varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza svarNa meM bhI raheMge aura miTTI meM bhii| jisa prakAra pudgala eka dravya hai vaise hI pA~ca anya dravya haiM, antara itanA hI hai ki pudgala rupI (dRzyamAna) hai aura anya pA~ca dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAla arUpI haiN| ina cha: ko jIva aura ajIva rUpa se do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvAstikAya ke atirikta anya sabhI jar3a haiN| sva se saMbaMdhita jijJAsA se darzana kA janma hotA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha isI jijJAsA se hotA hai| 2010_03

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AcArAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha isI jijJAsA se hotA hai| " bahuta se vyaktiyoM ko yaha saMjJA (jJAna) nahIM hotI ki maiM kisa dizA se AyA hU~? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahIM? maiM kauna hU~? yahA~ se cyava kara kahA~ jAU~gA?"" yaha prazna sva ke saMbaMdha meM hai| maiM kauna hU~? samAdhAna milatA hai - maiM AtmA huuN| AtmA dharma-darzana kA mUla AdhAra hai| AtmA hai to saba kucha hai| isI kAraNa jaina darzana ne Atma-bodha para gaharA jora diyaa| jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai| 2 pAzcAtya pudgala (matter) ko hI mahattva dete haiM aura usI ke irdagirda jIvana zailI kA nirmANa va vistAra karate haiN| jabaki bhAratIya darzana azAzvata pudgaloM ke pAra zAzvata caitanya ke anubhava kI preraNA detA hai| maitreyI ne yAjJavalkya se kahA- "maiM use svIkAra kara kyA karU~ jise pAkara maiM 'amRta' nahIM banatI, jo amRtatva kA sAdhana hai, vahI mujhe batAo / " " bhAratIya darzana adhyAtma kI AdhAra zilA hai| mokSa kA artha hai - caitanya bodha ! yathArtha tattva - vijJAna hI caitanya-bodha kA kAraNa hai| jise saMsAra samajha meM A gayA, vaha satya samajha letA hai| saMsAra kA tAtparya saMsAra kI asAratA, asthiratA aura azAzvatatA se jaina darzana ke anusAra SaD dravyoM kA vistAra hI saMsAra hai| prastuta grantha meM SaD-dravyoM kA nirUpaNa sAMgopAMga dRSTi se huA hai| vaise yaha viSaya itanA vistRta va gaharA hai ki isa choTe se grantha meM samA nahIM sktaa| paraM nizcita hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta grantha meM prastuti kA AdhAra vistAra yA saMkoca nahIM para spaSTatA aura saralatA 1. iha megesi no sannA bhavai, ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi ? AcArAMga sUtra 1 / 1-2 atthi me AyA unavAie, Natthi me AyA uvavAie, ke ahaMAsI, 2. egaM jANar3a se sabve jANai 3. yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM kiM tena kuryAm / yadeva bhagavAn veda tadeva me brUhi / / ( vRhadAraNyopaniSad) 2010_03

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hai| do sau savA do sau pRSThoM meM SaD-dravyoM kA spaSTa vivecana vivecita huA hai| bahina sAdhvI vidyutprabhA kI prajJA / pratibhA isa grantha meM prakharatA se abhivyakta huI hai| saMghIya zAsana meM etadviSayaka granthoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai| nizcita hI yaha grantha zAsana - gaurava kA vajana bharA pratIka banA hai| zodha-prabaMdha ke viSaya - nirdhAraNa ke samaya maiM kabhI - kabhI vyAvahArika / bAhya bhAvoM meM DUbakara va AdaraNIya zrI koThArIjI ke svaroM meM svara milA kara kahatA- koI sAmAnya / sarala viSaya lekara zIghra hI prabandha kI pUrNAhuti kara upAdhi lekara DaoNkTara bana jAo / to kabhI-kabhI gaharAI bhare ciMtana kA gaMbhIra svara prakaTa hotA koI aisA viSaya cuno to mAtra upAdhi kA kAraNa bana kara hI na raha jAya, apitu sva-para kalyANa kA AdhAra bhUta hetu bane / vidyutprabhA ne mere isI nirdeza ko svIkAra kara isa gahana viSaya kA cunAva kiyA aura talasparzI adhyayana ke phala-svarUpa isa atyanta upayogI va gUr3ha grantha kA sarjana kiyA / parama viduSI, Agama-jyoti sva. pravartinI zrI pramoda zrIjI mahArAja kA ise pUrNa, parokSa AzIrvAda milaa| pUjya mAtAjI mahArAja zrI ratanamAlA zrIjI ma. kA vAtsalya - pUrNa sAnnidhya milaa| aura isa grantha kA sarjana ho gyaa| merI kAmanA hai, yaha grantha una sabhI jijJAsuoM ke lie pUrNa upayogI M va AdaraNIya banegA jo tarkabaddha zailI va tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se jainadarzana ke dravya svarUpa kA adhyayana karanA cAhate haiN| bahina sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA apane cintana ke navonmeSa dharAtala para darzana kI gaharI gutthiyA~ sulajhAne vAle aura naye-naye granthoM kA navasarjana karatI rahe, yahI mere mAnasa kI AzA hai| mahine indaura 5-10-1994 2010_03 - ( maNiprabhasAgara )

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zubhAzaMsA harakhacaMda nAhaTA adhyakSa a. bhA. kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha abhI-abhI jAnakArI prApta huI hai ki DaoN. sAdhvI vidyutprabhAjI kA zodhagraMtha prakAzana kI prakriyA se gujara rahA hai, niHsaMdeha Atmika AnaMda huaa| maiMne apane jIvana ke prAraMbhika kAla meM hI zraddheya zrImad devacaMdra, AnaMdaghana, samayasuMdara va rAyacaMdra ke padoM ko virAsata meM prApta kiyA thA aura ina padoM ke mAdhyama se jar3a-cetana ke svarUpa kA bheda samajhane kA bhI prayatna karatA __ yaha prakriyA priya yuvAputra azoka nAhaTA kI mRtyu ke bAda to aura gaharI hotI calI gaI thii| saca pUcho to itane bhayAnaka sadameM se ubarane meM madada bhI mAtra jar3a-cetana se saMbaMdhita padoM ne hI kii| yaha pada to merI raga-2 meM ramA huA hai jar3a ne caitanya banne dravyano svabhAva bhinna, supratItapaNe banne jene samajhAya che; svarUpa cetana nija, jaDa che saMbaMdha mAtra, athavA te jJeya paNa paradravya mAMya che; evo anubhavano prakAza ullasita thayo, jar3a thI udAsI tene AtmavRtti thAya che; kAyAnI visArI mAyA, svarUpe samAyA khA nigrantano paMtha bhava antano upAya ch|" zrImad devacaMdra ne neminAtha ke stavana meM paMcAstikAya ke nAmoM kA digdarzana karAte hue kahA ki kinakA tyAga karanA cAhie aura kinheM apanAnA cAhie-- . 2010_03

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dharma, adharma AkAza acetanA, te vijAti agrAhojI pudgala grahaNe re karma kalaMkatA, bAMdhe bAdhaka baahyojii|" dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala ye cAroM vijAtIya tatva hone se jIva ke dvArA agrAhya haiN| inakA grahaNa saMsAra kA mAtra vistAra hI karatA hai| ataH sujJa cetanA ina vijAtIya tatvoM kA svarUpa aura svabhAva pahacAna kara unase dUra hI rahane kA prayala karatI hai| Age unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki jIva ko mAtra uttama vairAgI mahApuruSoM se hI abhinnatA sthApita karanI cAhie, jisase vaha bhI kramaza: uttamatA ko prApta ho ske| anukUla aura pratikUla paristhiti meM cetanA ko samabhAva meM rahane kI preraNA ina padoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa rUpa se prApta ho jAtI hai aura jaba sAdhvI vidyataprabhAjI ke zodha prabaMdha ko isI viSaya para dekhA to hRdaya prasannatA se bhara gyaa| unakI vaktRtva kalA va lekhana kalA ke bAre meM sAmAnya rUpa se sunA avazya thA, para jaba isa gUr3ha viSaya para unake vizleSaNa kI kSamatA ko dekhA to cakita haA thaa| abhI taka maiMne unheM saMgha kI AzA, pR. gaNivaryazrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. kI anujA ke rUpa meM hI pahacAnA thA, para dhIre2 unakA svayaM kA svataMtra vyaktitva ubharatA gyaa| niHsaMdeha ve saMgha kI eka udIyamAna pratibhAzAlI sAdhvI haiN| isa zodha prabaMdha meM saMdeza athavA preraNA nahIM hai| inameM mAtra svarUpa ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| agara hamane jar3a aura cetana ke svarUpa ko bhI pahacAna liyA to avazya hI unakA zrama sArthaka hogA aura hamArI cetanA jar3a saMbaMdhoM ko kATakara zuddha bnegii| unakI lekhana kSamatA aura adhika gaMbhIra painI bane...... inhIM zubhAzaMSAoM ke sAtha..... ___ 2010_03

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apanI ora se bhAratIya ciMtanadhArA meM jaina darzana kI ciMtana paddhati apanA viziSTa mahatva rakhatI hai| jaina darzana ne dhArmika unmAda ko bar3hAvA dene ke sthAna para sahiSNutA ko adhika mUlyavAna mAnA hai| yahI vaicArika sahiSNutA 'anekAnta' evaM AcAra pakSIya udAratA 'ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se pratipAdita huii| ahiMsA aura anekAMtavAda ke dharAtala para khar3A jaina darzana mAtra bhAratIyoM ko nahIM apitu videzI vidvAnoM ko bhI sahaja meM hI prabhAvita karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| jaina darzana kA ciMtana kalpita nahIM hai, apitu anubhava ke amRta se anuprANita hai| Aja usake anekoM siddhAMta vijJAna dvArA siddha ho cuke haiM aura bhaviSya meM khoja jArI hai| vizva vaMdya karuNAmUrti paramAtmA mahAvIra ne jisa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, usI ko niSpakSa dRSTi se kalyANa aura karuNA kI bhAvanA se otaprota hokara abhivyakta kiyA aura vahI karuNAmayI vANI AcAryoM dvArA paraMparA ke rUpa meM hama taka pahu~cI hai| ___ kevalajJAna kA prakAza upalabdha hote hI tIna siddhAMta mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita hue - "utpatti, sthiti, vinaash|" ina tIna siddhAMtoM para jaina sAhitya kI zAzvata aura aTUTa imArata khar3I huii| pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva triguNAtmaka padArtha ke isa triguNAtmaka svabhAva para merA yaha zodha nibaMdha likhA gayA hai| isa zodha prabaMdha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiM jinakA paricaya isa prakAra hai prathama adhyAya meM maiMne bhAratIya darzana meM jaina darzana kI vizeSatA, sRSTi 2010_03

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ke saMbaMdha meM pramukha bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vicAra evaM dravya ke sAmAnya svarUpa para ciMtana kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM dravya ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa kA vizada, tArkika rUpa se spaSTIkaraNa karate hue dravya ke guNa aura paryAya kA sarvAMgINa vizleSaNa kiyA hai| isake tRtIya adhyAya meM SaDdravyoM kI carcA karate hue jIvAstikAya para jaina evaM itara dArzanikoM ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI AtmA ke astitva ko bhI vibhinna tarka-saMgata matoM se pratipAdita karate hue jIva ke samasta vargIkaraNa ko prastuta kiyA hai| __ isake caturtha adhyAya meM ajIvAstikAya jisake tahata dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala samAviSTa hote haiM, use siddha karate hue inakA jIva para upakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai| aMta meM samasta adhyAyoM para upasaMhAra rUpa apane ciMtana kA prastutIkaraNa karate hue sabhI adhyAyoM kA sAra saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pA~ca adhyAyoM se yukta zodha prabaMdha kI prastuti velA meM nizcita hI maiM AtaMrika AnaMda aura ahlAda kA anubhava kara rahI huuN| yadyapi maiM mahasUsa karatI haiM ki dravya ke svarUpa para Aja taka khUba likhA jA cukA hai yaha viSaya hI itanA gaharA va vistRta hai ki isa para jitanA likhA jAyegA, thor3A hI hogA, kyoMki yaha tripadI hI to AMgamoM kA mUla hai| phira bhI maiM mahasUsa karatI hU~ ki isa 'thIsisa' kA apanA mUlya aura upayoga hogaa| dravya jaise gUr3ha viSaya ke cunAva para yadyapi mujhe zAstrIya jJAna kI alpajJatA kA bhAna thA, phira bhI mujhe lenA yahI viSaya thaa| isakA kAraNa guruvaryA zrI kI AtaMrika utkaTa abhilASA evaM unakA Adeza thaa| ve svayaM apane yuga kI Agama jyoti kahalAte the aura mere se ve apekSA 2010_03

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rakhate the ki maiM bhI AgamajJAna ko AtmasAt kruuN| unake anurUpa banane kI merI abhilASA to jarUra hai para AzA nahIM, phira bhI unake jJAnAloka meM se prakAza kI kucha razmiyA~ mere palle bhI Ae aura AgamoM ke AMzika jJAna ko upalabdha karU~,basa isI bhAvanA ko mUrtarUpa dete hue isa viSaya kA cunAva kiyA aura AtmatoSa hai ki apekSita jJAnArjana yadyapi nahIM huA phira bhI 'kucha' kadama avazya bddh'e| viSaya kA paMjIkaraNa hone ke bAda kucha saMyamI jIvana se jur3I vyastatA hone ke kAraNa kArya meM zithilatA A gayI thI, paraMtu jaba gatavarSa kI janmadina kI kavitA meM pUjya, bar3e baMdhu gaNivarya zrI maNiprabha sAgarajI ma.sA. ne apane aMtarmana meM bhare sneha se labAlaba "pI. eca. DI. karanA hI hai aura vaha bhI zIghra" ye udgAra vyakta kiye to maiM isa kArya ko Age bar3hAne meM tatpara bnii| janma-dina kI kavitA kA vaha padyAMza : "vo sUryodaya jisa dina hogA, mujhako yaha saMvAda milegaa| banogI jaba tuma "DaoNkTara" bahinA, mere mana kA phUla khilegaa| zodha graMtha kI nirmiti meM zrama samaya tumheM denA hai saaraa| eka varSa meM pUrNa karU~gI, eka yahI ho terA naaraa|| unake prati kRtajJatA abhivyakta kara maiM apane samarpaNa ko nahIM A~kanA caahtii| kyoMki ve sarvatobhAvena merI zraddhA aura sneha ke kendra haiN| isI krama meM eka pUrNa saMkalpa ke sAtha maiM mAlapurA gurudeva zrI jina kuzala sUri ke dhAma pahu~cI aura darzana ke prathama kSaNa meM hI maiMne gurudeva kI caraNa pAdukA ke samakSa Atmanivedana kiyA "mujhe isa sthAna para apanA adhyayana karanA hI hai jo tere AzIrvAda binA asaMbhava hai| "prayala merA va kRpA terii'| maiM nizcita rUpa se kaha sakatI hU~- mere isa nivedana ko gurudeva ne sunA hI nahIM, pUrNa AzIrvAda bhI diyA aura isI kAraNa yaha zodha prabaMdha kucha hI mAha meM saMpUrNa taiyAra ho gyaa| maiM abhibhUta hU~, gurudeva kI isa kRpAmayI amIvRSTi para! maiM samagra bhAvena sAdara savinaya natamastaka hU~, divyAzISa- pradAtR, mere ___ 2010_03

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aMtarmana meM AsIna, raga-2 meM basI Agamajyoti adhyAtmayoginI, anekoM graMthoM kI nirmAtrI apanI gurUvaryA pravartanIjI zrI pramoda zrI jI.ma.sA. ke zrI caraNoM meM, jinake nAma se jur3ane kA saubhAgya maiMne upalabdha kiyaa| ___ maiM ina kSaNoM meM apanI hArdika kRtajJatA abhivyakta kiye binA nahIM raha sakatI - mere pitAtulya abhibhAvaka evaM prAraMbhika zikSA se Aja taka kI zikSAyAtrA se jur3e mere preraNAdIpa zrI Ara.ema. koThArI AI.e.esa. jodhapura ke prati! yadyapi abhivyakti kI eka sImA hai aura vaha mAtra cAra paMktiyoM meM simaTa gayI hai para mere bhAvoM meM unake prati asIma AsthA ke svara gUMja rahe haiN| kyoMki agara ve mujhe adhyayana se jur3e rahane kI niraMtara niHsvArtha preraNA nahIM dete to saMbhavataH yaha yAtrA adhUrI raha sakatI thii| unhoMne sAdhvI ke rUpa meM mujhe sammAna to diyA hI, usase bhI adhika pitA banakara snehabhIgI preraNA bhI dii| __ maiM apane mArgadarzaka vidvadvarya saralatA kI prati mUrti zrI DaoN. vAI. esa. zAstrI AcArya, ema.e.pI.eca.DI. (Reader in Philosophy) kI hArdika kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne mere adhyAyoM ko anyAyanya adhyayana adhyApana kI vyastatA ke bAvajUda dekhA, jAMcA, parakhA evaM avilaMba mujhe lauTA diyaa| merI anukUlatA ko unhoMne pramukhatA dii| agara unakA apekSita sAnugraha sahayoga nahIM milatA to prastuti kI avadhi aura bhI bar3ha sakatI thii| ____ maiM DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata ke agAdha jJAnaprema ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara pA rahI huuN| ve mere anurodha ko svIkAra kara apanI dharmapatnI DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata ke sAtha mAlapurA padhAre evaM mujhe viSaya se saMbandhita mArgadarzana diyaa| Aja isa grantha ke prakAzana kI velA meM unakI anupasthiti mujhe vyathita kara rahI hai| maiM Atma priya sva. DaoN. zrImatI zAntA bhAnAvata evaM sva. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata kI pavitrAtmA ko vinamra praNAma karatI huuN| pAMDulipi dekhane meM mujhe zrI milApacaMdajI jaina pUrva parIkSA niyaMtraka rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya kA sahayoga milaa| maiM unake sahayogI vyaktitva ke prati zubhakAmanAe~ samarpita karatI huuN| 2010_03

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borDa se lekara ema.e. taka kI zikSA yAtrA meM samagrabhAvena sahayogI bane DaoN. e.ela. gAMdhI, DaoN. pI. mizrA, DaoN. ema.ela. zarmA, DaoN. ema.ema. koThArI,, DaoN. vimalA bhaMDArI, mi. AsopA jodhapura evaM zrI bhUracaMdajI zAha, bAr3amera Adi sabhI kI maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| zodhayAtrA kI prastuti kA sapanA sArthaka karane meM sabase mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA- DaoN. kamalacaMdajI sogAnI, jayapura kaa| unhoMne pUrNa anugraha ke sAtha mere saMkoca ko tor3akara merI zodha kSamatA ko anAvRtta kiyaa| yadyapi mere dvArA likhita adhyAyoM meM unhoMne parivartana sAmAnya sA hI kiyA para grantha kI puSTi unhoMne hI kii| niHsaMdeha grantha prastuti ke nirmANa kA zreya unhIM ko jAtA hai| maiM vinamrabhAva se unakI kRtajJatA ko zabdoM meM bAMdhane kA asaphala prayAsa karatI haiN| zodha nimitta jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna jinakI AtmIya snigdhatA ne aparicita pariveza meM bhI mere zramazIla mastiSka ko UrjA va taralatA dI ve sI.DI. devala I.A.S., zamIma dIdI akhtara R.A.S. dulIcaMdajI TAMka, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI, (sva.) mahAvIra prasAdajI, zrImAla, kanaka zrImAla bAbUlAla DosI, jatanaku~vara golecchA , sau. mema bAI surANA Adi kI bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| maiM zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mAMDavalA ke adhyakSa zrI dvArakAdAsa DosI, bAr3amera ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara sktii| unake prayAsoM se mujhe viSaya se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI prApta hotI rhii| __maiM akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa pitRhRdaya nizchalamanA bhAIjI zrI harakhacaMdajI nAhaTA ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinake prayAso se merA vAya-vA jodhapura meM vyavasthita rUpa se saMpanna ho gyaa| maiM pUjyA samatAmUrti, tapasvinI prakAza zrI jI.ma.sA., mAtAjI ma. zrI ratanamAlA zrI jI.ma.sA. ke caraNoM meM vinamrabhAvena vaMdanAe~ arpita karatI hU~ jinakI sAnnidhyatA meM maiM apanI saMyama aura svAdhyAya kI yAtrA nirvighna 2010_03

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calA rahI huuN| maiM apanI suyogya ziSyA sAdhvI dIptiprajJA ko vismRta nahIM kara pAU~gI, jisakA saumya evaM sevAmaya svabhAva zodhanimitta jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna adhyayana meM pUrNarUpeNa upayogI bnaa| aMta meM maiM apanI suyogya pratibhAzAlinI suzikSita AryAvarga sAdhvI zAsanaprabhA M.A.,svarNa padaka prApta sAdhvI nIlAMjanA M.A.prajJAMjanA, dIpti prajJA, nItiprajJA evaM vibhAMjanA kI bhI kRtajJa hU~ jinhoMne mere adhyayana ke liye zAnta aura nIrava pariveza ke nirmANa meM apanA saMpUrNa yogadAna diyA, apanI samasta saMvedanAoM ko samApta kara mere adhyayana kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa kiyA, samasta uttaradAyitvoM se mukta kara mujhe nizcita kiyaa| zodha prabaMdha kI presa kaoNpI sAdhvI zAsanaprabhA evaM nIlAMjanA ne taiyAra kI hai| unheM merA hArdika AtmIya maMgalamaya AzIrvAda hai| ve niraMtara pragati patha para agrasara hokara akSaya AnaMda ko upalabdha kreN| prastuta grantha kA lekhana mAtra upAdhi hetu nahIM kiyA gayA hai apitu isakA mukhya uddezya jJAna kI apUrva sampadA kI prApti rahA hai| ina SaDdravyoM kA adhyayana kara apanI AtmacetanA ko zuddha aura mukta banAU~,isI kAmanA ke sAtha merA yaha prayAsa huA hai| isa maMjila kI prApti meM pratyakSa/apratyakSa sahayogI vRnda ke prati hArdika zubhakAmanAe~ vyakta karatI huI vidvajjanoM kI niSpakSa AlocanA sAdara Amatrita karatI huuN| paramAtmA mahAvIra kI amRtavANI ko agaNita vNdnaa| sAdara sAdhvI vidyutprabhA zrI 2010_03

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bhUmikA aise saMkaTApanna kSaNoM meM jabaki bhUta-vijJAna paramANu ko le kara nita-naye prayoga kara rahA hai, sAdhvIzrI vidyutprabhAjI kA 'dravya-vijJAna' zIrSaka yaha prabandha eka viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| saba jAnate haiM ki darzana tarka kI AdhAra-bhUmi para khar3A hotA hai, aura vijJAna prayoga kI buniyAda pr| vijJAna kA sArA kArobAra prayogazAlAoM meM sampanna hotA hai| jainadarzana kI prayogazAlA kaivalya hai; vahA~ jo sammukha hai, vaha zAzvata satya hai| usameM koI nanunaca nahIM hai| yaha andhavizvAsa nahIM hai, jJAna kA vaibhava hai, usakA sarvocca zikhara hai| vijJAna ke rAste badale haiM, jainadarzana kA rAstA vahI hai| jo pahale thA, vahI Aja hai, vahI kala rhegaa| isameM phera-badala kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| pharka sirpha eka hai| vijJAna kI Dagara pArthiva hai, jainadarzana kI apaarthiv/aadhyaatmik| vaha mukti kI ora hai, bandhana kI dizA meM nahIM hai| bandhana-mukti jaina dharma/darzana kA antima lakSya dravyoM se loka banA hai| jahA~ taka jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, aura kAla haiM - lokAkAza hai; tadanantara alokAkAza hai| sat dravya kA lakSaNa hai| vaha hai', usakA honA' hI usakI nizAnI hai| jaba lagatA hai ki vaha nahIM hai', taba mAtra vaisA lagatA hai, hotA asala meM vaisA nahIM hai| vaisA honA saMbhava bhI nahIM hai| paryAyAntaraNa kI vajaha se bhrama ho sakatA hai; kintu dhyAna rahe, jahA~ samyaktva hai, vahA~ saMzaya athavA AbhAsa ke lie koI sthAna nahIM dravya kI ibArata hai - 'guNaparyayavad dravyam' (ta.sU. 38) / dravya, koI bhI vaha ho, guNa aura paryAyavAn hai| vaha hai, vaha nahIM hai' - isakI vyAkhyA guNa aura paryAya zabdoM meM dhar3aka rahI hai| guNa-kI-apekSA vaha hai, paryAya-kI-apekSA usakA vyaya aura utpAda hai; lopa aura Agama hai| jAneM, loka kA z2arrA-z2arrA sApekSa hai| dravya chaha haiM - jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla; kramaza: cetana, acetana, gati, sthiti, avakAza aura vrtn| tamAma dravyoM kI apanI-apanI asmitAe~ haiN| ve svAdhIna haiN| Atmanirbhara haiN| apane pA~va para avasthita haiN| eka-dUsare ke astitva meM eka-dUsare kA koI 2010_03

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hastakSepa nahIM hai| saMpUrNa loka-yAtAyAta avicchinna aura nirvighna hai| dravya anAdi haiN| inakA koI sirA nahIM hai| dravya kI sattA ko samajhane ke lie utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI trayI ko gaharAI meM utara kara samajhanA bahuta z2arUrI hai| dravya 'hai', usakA 'thA' aura 'gA' paryaTaka hai| hai' hI rahatA hai, 'gA' aura 'thA' ukhar3a jAte haiN| dravya kI yaha satyakathA anAdi hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI prakriyA ko paryAyAntaraNa meM-se samajhanA caahiye| ___ AtmA hai; zarIra 'thA' 'gA' 'hai' tInoM hai| 'thA' vaha huA, 'gA' vaha hogA, 'hai' vaha hai; kintu AtmA ke sAtha aisA nahIM hai| vahA~ sirpha 'hai' hai| zuddhAvasthA meM yadyapi 'gA' 'thA' 'hai' kI trayI hai tathApi vaha zuddhAvasthAparaka hai| dravya ke isa maulika vyAkaraNa ko jAne bagaira loka-racanA ke rahasya ko jAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jainadharma/darzana kA mukhya lakSya svabhAvopalabdhi hai| bheda-vijJAna isakA acUka mAdhyama hai| isake dvArA hama dravyoM kI svAdhIna sattAoM kA bodhAmRta pAte, pIte haiN| AtmA AtmA hai, deha deha hai| AtmA na kabhI deha huA hai, na thA, na hogaa| isI trh| deha na kabhI AtmA thA, na hogA, na hai| isa pArthakya ko hama bheda-vijJAna meM se ho-gujara kara hI jAna pAte haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha sAdhvIzrI kI jJAna-sAdhanA kI zramasAdhya pariNati hai| unhoMne tulanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA dravyoM kI vistRta/sarvAMga vivecanA kI hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ise vyApaka rUpa meM par3hA jaaegaa| sAdhvIjI se nivedana hai ki ve apanI adhyayana-anusaMdhAna-vRtti ko anavarata rakheM aura yadi saMbhava ho to isake eka sarala jebI saMskaraNa se sAmAnya jaina ko bhI upakRta kreN| kyA hama gaMbhIra adhyayanoM ko kaoNmana jaina taka pahu~cAne kA turanta koI upAya nahIM kareMge? merI samajha meM yadi hama prayatna kareM to jo jJAnAmRta sAdhu-jana, vidvajjana khojate-pAte haiM, usameM eka sAmAnya zrAvaka kI sahabhAgitA avazya banA sakate haiM? indaura, ma.pra. 14 navambara 1994 -DaoN. nemIcanda jaina saMpAdaka 'tIrthaMkara' 'zAkAhAra-krAnti ___ 2010_03

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bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya-avadhAraNA jaina darzana bhAratIya darzanoM meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| isa kalpArddha ke jaina zAsana ke Adya pravartaka prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva mAne jAte haiN| vartamAna samaya meM caubIsaveM evaM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jinazAsana pravartita ho rahA hai| jaina darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai- usakI anekAntamayI udAra dRsstti| jahA~ sabhI darzana apane vAda kI sthApanA ke liye saMpUrNa zakti lagAte haiM, vahIM jaina darzana una darzanoM meM kathaJcit satya pakSa DhU~r3hatA hai| jaina darzana kI sabase bar3I maulika dena hai, syAdvAda aura anekAMtavAda evaM AcAra kI pvitrtaa| anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI gaharAI meM bhI isI ahiMsA ke darzana hote haiN| jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI ahiMsA mAtra kAyika hI nahIM, apitu mAnasika aura vaicArika bhI hai| mana se kisI kA ahita ciMtana yA zabdoM meM kisI ko anucita evaM kaTu kahanA bhI hiMsA hI hai| __jaina darzana kI utkRSTatA kA eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki yaha kisI eka AtmA vizeSa ko paramAtmA kI saMjJA dekara kartRtva se nahIM jor3atA, apitu samasta AtmAoM ko paramAtmA kI tulyatA pradAna karatA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA kA aMtara yahI hai ki eka kI zakti prakaTa hai aura dUsare kI aprktt| jisakI zakti prakaTa ho cukI hai vaha paramAtmA hai, jisakI zakti prakaTa nahIM huI hai vaha bhI usI zakti kA svAmI hai aura prabala puruSArtha dvArA use prakaTa kara vaha bhI paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| usa paramAtmA dvArA prarUpita jaina vicAra dharma bhI hai aura darzana bhii| AcAra kI sUkSmatama vyAkhyA ke kAraNa yaha dharma hai aura anya vicAra paddhati 2010_03

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kA virodha kiye binA AtmAnubhUta satya-tathyoM ke kramabaddha aura yuktiyukta vizleSaNa ke kAraNa darzana bhI hai| jaina darzana kA carama lakSya AtmAnaMda kI upalabdhi hai aura vaha AtmAnanda mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika zuddhatA dvArA hI upalabdha hotA hai| vicAroM kI udAratA aura AcAra kI pavitratA hI vAstavika ahiMsA hai; aura isI nIMva para jaina darzana kA bhavya prAsAda zobhAyamAna hai| sahiSNutA evaM AcAra kI ahiMsA sRSTi ke lie udAharaNa svarUpa hai| bhASA, rasmorivAja, jIvana paddhati aura AcArapaddhati kI vibhinnatA bhI yahA~ ke jana mAnasa ko 'bhAratIya' ekatA meM bAMdhe hue hai| bhArata meM tatvajJAna samIkSAtmaka rahA hai| sabhI dArzanikoM ne apane-apane stara para aneka viSayoM para ciMtana kiyaa| Izvara jaise viSaya para bhI mukta ciMtana huaa| bauddha aura jaina saMpradAyoM ne Izvara ko karttA yA sRSTi ke hetubhUta mAnane meM asvIkRti dete hue kataI saMkoca nahIM kiyaa| bhautikavAdI cArvAka ne to Izvara ko nakAra hI diyaa| vicAroM ke vikAsa evaM abhivyakti meM bhAratIya tatvajJAna jitanA udAra rahA hai, anya dezoM meM zAyada hI isakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / ' bhAratIya darzana paddhati kI vizeSatAH- bhAratIya darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakI koI maMjila hai| yadyapi bhAratIya darzana para nirAzAvAdI hone kA Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai, paraMtu yaha bhrama mAtra hai, kyoMki bhAratIya darzana duHkhoM kA vivecana mAtra karake hI nahIM raha jAtA, apitu duHkhamukti kA mArga bhI batAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana paddhati janatA kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karatI hai| Adhi, vyAdhi pUrita dainika jIvana se haTakara mAtra kalpanAoM kI duniyA meM vicaraNa karanA, bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko asvIkArya hai| rAga dveSa rahita isa prakAra kA jIvana jInA jisase sthAyI aura akSaya sukha upalabdha ho, yahA~ ke dArzanikoM kI pahacAna hai / vyAsa evaM vijJAnabhikSu kA yaha kathana satya hai ki jisa prakAra cikitsAzAstra roga, roganidAna, Arogya tathA bhaiSajya, ina cAra tathyoM ke yathArtha nirUpaNa kI pravRtti apanAtA hai usI prakAra AdhyAtmazAstra duHkha, duHkhahetu, mokSa evaM mokSa ke upAya ko batAtA hai| 2 1. bhAratIya darzana: baladeva upAdhyAya pR. 11 2. yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturvyUham-rogI, rogahetuH ArogyaM bheSajamiti / tadidamapi zAstraM cturvyuuhm| tad yathA-saMsAra saMsArahetuH mokSaH mokSopAyaH iti / vyAsabhASya 2.15 sAMkhyapravacana bhASya pR. 6 2 2010_03

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bhinna-bhinna vicAradhArAoM meM ekatA evaM sAmaMjasyaH-svayaM ke evaM sRSTi ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie bhAratIya urvarA bhUmi para vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke madhya bhI kucha aise tattva haiM jo ekatA kI anugUMja ko prakhara karate haiN| svayaM meksamUlara ne vibhinna darzanoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki 'darzana kI paraspara bhinnatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka aise dArzanika jJAna kA bhaMDAra hai jise hama rASTrIya yA sarvamAnya darzana kaha sakate haiM; evaM jisakI tulanA hama usa mAna sarovara se kara sakate haiM jo yadyapi sudUra prAcIna kAla rUpI dizA meM avasthita thA, to bhI usameM se pratyeka vicAra ko apane upayoga ke lie sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI thii| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra ekAMtavAdI samasta vicAradhArAe~ asatya aura mithyA haiM paraMtu jaba vahI sApekSa rUpa se pratipAdita kI jAtI haiM to satya bana jAtI haiN| ise hI unhoMne syAdvAda kahA hai| isa prakAra se syAdvAda rUpI siddhAMta dvArA jaina dArzanikoM ne samasta darzanoM kI grAhyatA evaM upayogitA spaSTa kI hai| isa deza ke vicArakoM kI utkRSTatA ke kAraNa hI manu ne kahA ki saMpUrNa saMsAra ne isa bhAratIya dharA para avatarita cAritrikoM se caritra kI zikSA lii| mUlarUpa se chaha vicAradhArAoM kA astitva AcArya haribhadrasUri ne svIkAra kiyA hai- 'bauddha, nyAya, sAMkhya, jaina, vaizeSika, evaM miimaaNsk|' DA. rAdhAkRSNan apane 'bhAratIya darzana' meM ina chaha darzanoM ko svIkAra karate haiMnyAya, vaizeSika,sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttrmiimaaNsaa| bhAratIya vicAraka yadyapi pravRtta hotA hai saMsAra kI duHkhamaya pravRtti dekhakara hI, paraMtu vaha nirAzA yA kuNThA se hatAza hokara cupacApa to nahIM baiTha jAtA, pratyuta Age bar3hatA hai| sAMkhyakArikA ke AraMbha meM vicArazAstra kI pravRtti kA yahI kAraNa batAyA hai| jaina darzana ne dravyoM kA vivecana evaM unheM samajhane kA kAraNa isI duHkhanivRtti ko batAyA hai| ataH hama niHsaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki darzana kI 1. maiksamUlara-siksa sisTamsa oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaoNphI pRSTha 17 2. sarvadarzanasaMmata... samIcInAmaMcati" SaDdarzana. TIkA 1.4, syAdvAda..... heyAdeya vizeSakaH, A.mI. 10.104, ta. zayo. pRSTha 136, nyAya kusu. pR. 3 evaM ralakarAva pR. 15 3. etaddezaprasUtasya skaashaadgrjnmnH| svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran pRthivyAM sarvamAnavAH" manusmRti 2.10 4. bauddhanaiyAyika... mamUnyahI" SaDdarzana. 3 5. bhAratIya darzana 2 pRSTha 17 6. "duHkhatrayAbhighAtAjjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau" sA.kA.kA. 1. 7. evaM pavayaNasAraM, paMcatthiyasaMgahaM viyaannintaa| jo muyadi rAresi, so gArhAda dukkhaparimokkhaM pa.kA. 103. ___ 2010_03

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upayogitA mAtra varNanAtmaka hI nahIM, apitu AcArAtmaka bhI hai, kyoMki mAtra jJAna ke dvArA hI duHkha se mukti nahIM hotI, apitu usake lie ratnatrayarUpa jJAna, darzana aura cAritra, tInoM hI Avazyaka haiN|' yaha spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai ki bhArata meM darzana aura dharma alaga-alaga tattva nahIM haiN| darzanazAstra kI kasauTI para kasA jAne vAlA tattva dhArmika kSetra meM pratiSThita hotA hai| isI kAraNa bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA mukhya tattva banA, kyoMki heya aura upAdeya kA jJAna prApta karane kI yogyatA AtmA meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| 2 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM AtmA ko sarvapriya tattva kahA gayA hai| " taittirIya upaniSad meM to AtmA ko brahma hI kaha diyA gayA hai| 4 muNDakopaniSad meM usa vidyA ko zreSThatama batAyA gayA hai jo brahmavidyA se anuprANita ho / ' yuddha kSetra meM arjuna ko apanI vibhUtiyoM ke virAT svarUpa ke bAre meM batAte zrI kRSNa ne samasta vidyAoM meM adhyAtmavidyA ko utkRSTatama vidyA batAyA hai / " bhArata meM darzanazAstra lokapriya rahA hai, aura usakI lokapriyatA kA kAraNa yadi AcAra aura vicAra donoM se isakA anusyUta honA kahA jAye to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / yadi bhAratIya darzana ne mAtra duHkhoM kA vivecana hI kiyA hotA to hama kaha sakate the ki yaha eka nirAzAvAdI vicArapaddhati hai, paraMtu isane to pUrNa samAdhAna kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyA hai; aura yahI nahIM ki mAtra kucha AtmAe~ hI sthAyI sukha zAMti upalabdha kara sakatI haiM, apitu jo bhI AtmA jJAna, darzana aura saMyamamaya hotI hai, vaha nirvANa yA mokSa ke asIma aura akSaya AnaMda ko prApta kara sakatI hai| ' dhArmika evaM dArzanika udAratA ke kAraNa hI bhAratIya darzana niraMtara panapatA rhaa| aura yahI vaicArika udAratA evaM AcAra dvArA lakSyaprApti kA AzvAsana isakI vizeSatA evaM mahattA ko pratipAdita karatI hai| 1. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH" ta.sU. 1.1. 2. yasyaivAmUrtasyAtmanaH... viSayAtmakena niraMtaraM dhyAtavyaH bR.u.saM. 3. bRhAdAraNyakopaniSad 2.1.5 4. taitirIyoniSad 1.5 5. " sa brahmavidyAM sarvavidhApratiSThAmatharvAya jyeSThaputrAya Aha" mu. u. 1.1 6. adhyAtmavidyA vidyAnAM pravadatAmaham gItA 10.32. 7. saMpajjadi NivvANaM...... dNsnnnnaannpphaannaadii| pra. sA. 6. 4 2010_03

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jahA~ bhAratIya darzana saMsAra se mukti yA duHkha se mukti ke vicAra aura paddhati para pratiSThita hai vahIM pAzcAtya vicArapaddhati ke vikAsa ke dUsare kAraNa haiN| pAzcAtya darzana kI vizeSatA evaM paddhatiH-liTI kI yaha sarvaprasiddha ukti hai ki darzana kA janma Azcarya se hotA hai| pAzcAtya darzana ke itihAsa meM yaha bAta spaSTa jhalakatI hai ki unake jIvana kA lakSya nAma ke AdhAra para prajJAvAn yA buddhimAna honA hI hai| kucha hI apavAda mila sakate haiM jinhoMne AcaraNa zuddhi tathA mana kI parizuddhatA ke AdhAra para parama sattA ke sAkSAtkAra ko apanA uddezya aura Adarza mAnA hai; aura yaha Adarza bhI prAcya hai na ki pAzcAtyA pAzcAtya vidvAn to AcAraNa kI apekSA jJAna para adhika jora dete haiN| briTena ke vizvavikhyAta rasela ke anusAra darzana kA apanA koI adhikAra kSetra nahIM hai; vaha dharma evaM vijJAna ke mahatva kI vastu hai| rasela ke anusAra vijJAna evaM dharmazAstra ke adhikAra kSetra ke madhya eka aisI anAtha athavA vivAdAspada bhUmi (No man's Land) hotI hai jisake Upara nitya hI donoM ora se AkramaNa hote rahate haiM; yahI vivAdAspada bhUmi darzanazAstra hai| darzana zabda kI vyutpatti evaM usakA arthaH-'darzana' zabda ke tIna artha. sabhI darzanoM meM prasiddha haiM- (1) vyavahArabhASA meM ghaTadarzana Adi, arthAt cAkSuSajJAna ke artha meM, (2) AtmA ityAdi tatvoM ke sAkSAtkAra ke artha meM (3) evaM nyAya, sAMkhya Adi nizcita vicArasAraNI ke artha meM darzana zabda kA prayoga sarvasammata hai| paraMtu jaina darzana meM 'darzana' zabda kA jo pracalita artha hai vaha anya sthAnoM para upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jaina paramparA meM zraddhA ke artha meM darzana zabda kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| isI taraha vastu ke nirvizeSa sattAmAtra ke bodha ko bhI darzana kahA jAtA hai|' darzana cAhe cAkSuSa ho, acAkSuSa ho yA Avadhika, darzana mAtra darzana hotA hai, vaha na samyag hotA hai aura na mithyaa| 1. "philaoNsapho biginsa ina vaMDara" bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 (DA. rAdhAkRSNan) pR. 9 se uddhRta 2. pAzcAtya Adhunika darzana kI samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA kA viSaya praveza pR. 1 yAkUba masIha 3. vahI 4. baTreNDa rasela : hisTrI oNpha vesTarna philosAphI inTroDakzana pR. 10. 5. jagadIza sahAya zrIvAstava : grIka evaM madhyayugIna darzana kA vaijJAnika itihAsa 1.1 6. tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam" ta.sU. 1.2 7. "viSayaviSayisannipAtAntarasamadabhatasattAmAtragocaradarzanAta. pramANanaya. 2.7 ___ 2010_03

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ise siddhasena ne sUcita bhI kiyA hai|' zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM hI saMpradAya darzana ko tArkika rUpa se pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| mANikya naMdI ne na kevala darzana ko pramANabAhya kahA, apitu use pramANAbhAsa bhI kahA hai| vAdideva sUri ne apane pramANanayatatvA. grantha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai|' yadyapi abhayadeva ne darzana ko pramANa kahA hai, paraMtu use tArkika dRSTikoNa se nahIM, apitu Agamika dRSTi kI mukhyatA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue samyagdarzana ke artha meM kahA hai| paMDita sukhalAlajI ne darzana kA artha sAkSAtkAra kI apekSA "sabala pratIti" artha para bala diyA hai| kyoMki agara sAkSAtkAra artha kare to vibhinna dArzanikoM ke matabheda nahIM hone caahie| sAkSAtkAra ke yogya punarjanma, usakA kAraNa, punarjanma grAhI koI tatva evaM punarjanma ke kAraNoM kA uccheda, ye cAra prameya hI sAkSAtkAra ke viSaya mAne jA sakate haiN| ina pramukha prameya tatvoM ke vizeSa svarUpa ke viSaya meM evaM inake vistRta maMthana ciMtana meM pramukha darzanoM kA kabhI to itanA virodha aura matabheda dekhA jAtA hai ki taTastha tatvAnveSI asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai| isa pravRti ko dekhate hue isakA adhika upayukta artha 'sabala pratIti' hai|' jaina darzana meM isakA dUsarA artha hai sAmAnyabodha, jise anAkAra upayoga bhI kahate haiN| zvetAmbara- digaMbara donoM mAnyatAoM meM "anAkAra" zabda jyAdA pracalita hai| liGga sApekSa upayoga yA bodha to jJAna hai aura liGganirapekSa sAkSAt hone vAlA bodha anAkAra yA darzana hai| yaha to eka mata hai, dUsarA mata yaha bhI hai ki jo mAtra vartamAna grAhI bodha hai vaha darzana hai aura jo trikAlagrAhI bodha hai vaha jJAna hai|' __ pracalita bhASAvyahAra meM darzana, dArzanika, darzanasAhitya Adi jo zabda prayukta hote haiM ve tatvavidyA se saMbaMdhita haiN| 1. atra ca yathA sAMkArAddhAyAM samyagmithyAdRSTyovizeSaH, naivamastidarzane, anAkAratve ubhayorapi __tulyatvAdityarthaH"- tatvArthabhA. TIkA 2.9 2. parIkSAmukha 6.2 3. ajJAnAtmakAnAtma...... yathA sannikarSA..... dhyavasAyA iti. pramANa 6.24, 25 4. sanmatiTI. pR. 457 5. paM. sukhalAlajI : darzana aura ciMtana pR. 67, 68 6. tattvArtha bhASya TIkA 2.9 2010_03

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'darzana' zabda kA vyutpatti labhya artha hai- 'dRzyate anena iti darzanam', vastu ke satya svarUpa kA jahA~ avalokana hI ciMtana ho vaha darzana hai| hama kauna haiM, kahA~ se Aye haiM aura hamArA kyA lakSya hai, yaha ciMtana jagata kI hI dena hai| darzana ke ina ciMtana binduoM ke bIja prAcInatama zAstra AcArAMga meM spaSTatayA prApta hote haiN|' darzana zabda kI philosophI se tulanAH-pAzcAtya vicArazAstra kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'philosophI' hai| yaha zabda do zabdoM ke mizraNa se banA hai-'philAsa' arthAta, prema yA anurAga aura 'sophiyA' arthAt vidyaa| isa zabda kA pracalana sarvaprathama grIka deza meM huaa| isa saMyukta zabda ke artha se hameM pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM saralatA AtI hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika vidyAnurAgI yA prajJAvAn bananA cAhatA hai| pratyeka vastu meM chAnabIna karake manamAnI kalpanA karane ke lie pazcima jagat vikhyAta hai| pazcima kA dArzanika usa nAvika ke samAna hai jo binA kisI gaMtavya sthala kA nirdhAraNa kiye apanI naukA vicAra sAgara meM tairane ke lie chor3a detA hai| agara nAva ghATa para laga jAye to bhI AnaMda aura na lage to bhI AnaMdA bhAratIya dArzanika lakSya kA nirdhAraNa karake ciMtana ke sAgara meM utaratA hai, aura isake phalasvarUpa mukti maMjila svarUpa Atmazuddhi kA motI use avazya hAtha lagatA hai| pazcima meM dharma se bhinna darzana chaThI zatAbdI pUrva yUnAna meM prAraMbha huaa| eka hajAra varSa taka lagabhaga vicaraNa karatA huA darzana eka bAra phira IsAI dharma meM nimagna huaa| pA~cavIM zatAbdI se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kA samaya darzana kA aMdhakAramaya yuga kahalAtA hai, kyoMki darzana isa samaya IsAI dharma kA dAsa rhaa| bhArata meM isa prakAra kI haThadharmitA kabhI nahIM rhii| zrI haipala ke anusAra "bhArata meM dharma kI rUr3hi yA haThadharmitA kA svarUpa kabhI prApta nahIM rahA varan yaha mAnavIya vyavahAra kI aisI kriyAtmaka parikalpanA hai jo AdhyAtmika 1. AcArAMga 1.1.2 2. baladeva upAdhyAya- bhAratIya darzana upodAta pR. 5 3. pravacanabhakti zrutasaMpaddharmA... janakAni prazamarati 141 4. grIka evaM madhyayu. darzanoM kA vai. ciMtana jagadIza. 1.2 ___ 2010_03

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vikAsa kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM aura avasthAoM meM apane Apako anukUla banA detI hai|" dArzanika ke mApadaMDa evaM usakI vizeSatAe~:-satyAnveSI ko apanA anveSaNa prAraMbha karane se pUrva apekSita yogyatA ko avazya arjita karanA par3atA hai| (i) satyAnveSI meM jijJAsu pravRtti avazya honI caahie| jisase vaha prakaTa rUpa meM asaMbaddha sAmagrI ke samUha se satya svarUpa ko DhUMDhakara nikAla ske| (ii) vaha ekAgratA se kisI viSaya se jur3akara avicalita mana se viSaya kI taha meM jaave| (iii) karmaphala kI AkAMkSA rahita prvRtti| usakA lakSya phala prApti nahIM honA cAhie, apitu usakA ekamAtra lakSya anveSaNa hI honA caahie| (iv) usakI dRSTi pUrvAgraha rahita evaM taTastha honI caahie| (v) usakA apanA aMtarmana pUrNa rUpeNa prazikSita honA caahie| usameM zAMti, dhairya, AtmasaMyama, tyAga, zraddhA kA honA anivArya hai| sAMsArika AkarSaNa evaM pralobhanoM se avicalita rahanA caahie| (vi) usameM mumukSuvRttiH arthAt eka aisI pravRtti ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa kA bhAva jo AdhyAtmika zakti ke nAma se pukArI jAtI hai, honI caahie| (vii) lakSya prApti aura usake samIpa pahu~cane kI prabala AkAMkSA mAtra hI avazeSa rhnaa| aise dArzanika hI bhAratIya janamana ke zraddhAspada evaM viziSTa sammAnanIya bana sakate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti va sabhyatA kI saphalatA kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ina dArzanikoM kA saMpUrNa ciMtana upadezoM ke rUpa meM parahita ke lie sadaiva barasatA rhaa| Astika evaM nAstika do prakAra kI vicAra paddhatiH-hama pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki bhAratIya vicArapaddhati udAra evaM sahiSNu rahI hai| mukhya rUpa se yahA~ dArzanika jagata meM do vicAradhArAe~ pracalita haiM, Astika evaM naastik| sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA meM Izvara meM zraddhA, AsthA rakhane vAle darzana ko Astika evaM zraddhA na rakhane vAle ko nAstika kahate haiN| pANini ne isakI zAstrIya vyAkhyA apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM isa prakAra kI hai| "asti paraloke matiryasya sa aastikH|" arthAt Astika vaha hai jisakI paraloka meM AsthA ho| Astika, nAstika tathA daiSTika zabdoM kI siddhi "asti nAsti diSTaM matiH" (4.4.60) sUtra se Thak pratyaya dvArA huii| pANini kI 1. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan : bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1, pR. 21 se uddhRta 2. vedAnta : zaMkarabhASya 1.1 8 2010_03

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vyAkhyA ke anusAra jaina aura bauddha darzana bhI Astika darzana ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAte haiN| paraMtu manu ne Astika aura nAstika kI vyAkhyA alaga prakAra se kI hai| manu ke anusAra Astika vaha hai jo veda kI prAmANikatA meM vizvAsa kare aura nAstika vaha hai jo veda meM vizvAsa na kre| paraMtu niSpakSa aura taTastha dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAye to mAtra cArvAka darzana hI nAstika darzana kI koTi meM AtA hai| jaina darzana loka-paraloka evaM Izvara jise vaha paramAtmA yA arhat bhI kahatA hai, ko mAnatA hai| ataH jaina darzana ko nAstika kahanA yukti viruddha hai| ise hama Age spaSTa kreNge| jaisA ki hama pahale hI likha Aye haiM ki bhArata meM chaH mukhya darzana haiM aura unameM jaina darzana kI bhI parigaNanA hotI hai| aba bhAratIya darzanoM ke sandarbha meM jaina darzana kA kyA sthAna hai, isakI vivecanA kreNge| bhAratIya darzana meM jaina darzana kI prAcInatAH-kucha samaya pUrva taka jaina darzana ke bAre meM isa prakAra kI dhAraNA vyApta rahI hai ki yaha svataMtra darzana na hokara bauddha darzana kI zAkhA mAtra hai| kucha ne ise hindU dharma ke antargata batAyA, paraMtu taTastha anusaMdhAna ke kAraNa aba yaha dhAraNA khaMDa-khaMDa ho gayI hai| yaha bhI siddha ho cukA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra yA pArzva isake saMsthApaka nahIM haiM, apitu yaha siddhAnta to prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita hai| DaoN. yAkovI ke anusAra "pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the| jaina paramparA RSabhadeva ko isa dharma kA pravartaka mAnatI hai aura isake pramANa bhI haiN|" __DaoN. sara rAdhAkRSNan ise aura adhika puSTa karate haiN| unake anusAra jaina paramparA RSabhadeva se apanI utpatti hone kA kathana karatI hai jo bahuta zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue the| isa bAta ke pramANa bhI upalabdha hote haiM ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdi meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaina dharma pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra se pUrva bhI pracalita 1. There is nothing to prore that Parshva was the founder of Jainism. Jain tradition in unanimous in making Rishabha the first Tirthankara (as its founder), there may be something historical in the tradition which makes him the first Tirthankara. Indian Antiquary Vol. IX P. 163. 2010_03

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thaa| yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| bhAgavata purANa bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the| "There is evidence to show that so far back as the first century B.C., there were people who were worshiping Rishabhadeva, the first Tirthankara. There is no doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhamana or parshvanath. The Yajurveda mentions the names of three Tirthankaras-Rishabha, Ajitnath and Aristanemi. The Bhagavata Puran endorses the view that Rishabha was the founder of Jainism. Indian Philosophy" Vol. I.P. 287. __ina anusaMdhAnaparaka tathyoM dvArA yaha pramANita hone ke kAraNa Aja vizva ke kSitija para jaina darzana kI apanI prAcInatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM krtaa| sAtha hI jaina darzana vijJAnasammata niyamanirdhAraNa ke kAraNa vizva dharma banane kI kSamatA se otapreta hai| jaina darzana kI samasta dhAraNAe~ vaijJAnika haiM, ise hama agale adhyAyoM meM vivecita kreNge| jaina darzana meM svIkRta dravyaH-darzana Adi kI AMzika paraMtu anivArya bhUmikA spaSTa karane ke pazcAt hama apane mUla viSaya para dRSTipAta karate haiN| merA vivecya hai "dravya evaM usakA svruup| sarvaprathama hama yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki jaina darzana meM 'dravya' zabda kina-kina arthoM meM prayukta meM huA hai| prAkRta kA 'dabba', pAli kA 'dabba' aura saMskRta kA 'dravya' zabda atyaMta prAcIna hai| yadyapi lokavyavahAra meM tathA kAvya, vyAkaraNa darzana Adi zAstroM meM bhinna-bhinna sandarbho meM 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga prAcIna evaM bahuta rUr3ha jAna par3atA hai tathApi jaina paripATI meM 'dravya' zabda anya zAstroM kI apekSA aneka arthoM meM bhinna bhI pratIta hotA hai|' nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva, ina nikSepoM ke prasaMga meM ; dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke prasaMga meM ; dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika naya ke viSaya meM'; dravyAcArya evaM bhAvAcArya meM evaM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke prasaMga meM Ane vAlA dravya zabda viziSTa arthayukta hai| 1. paM. sukhalAlajI :- darzana aura ciMtana pR. 143 2. nAma-sthApanA-dravya-bhAvatastanyAsa :" ta.sU. 1.5 3. "dabbAiM, khetaoNa..... bhAvao vaNNamaMtAI bha. 2.1.4 4. dravyAstikaM..... paryAyAstikam" tatvArthabhA. 5.31 5. paMcAzaka- 6 6. drabyakarmaNa evaM kartA'.... bhAvakarmaNaH" pra.sA.tA.vR. 122 10 2010_03

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vizva ke maulika padArthoM ke artha meM bhI 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vaha tatva jo svabhAva kA tyAga kiye binA utpAda vyaya dhauvya yukta ho. jaina darzana kA dravya hai|' jaina darzana kI taraha anya darzanoM meM bhI 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM 'dravya' zabda guNakarmAdhAra artha meM prasiddha hai| pRthvI, jala, teja Adi nau dravya haiN| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para dravya zabda ke artha kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne eka sthAna para kahA hai ki ghar3e ko tor3akara kuNDI aura kuNDI ko tor3akara ghar3A banAyA jAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna alaMkAroM ko tor3akara bhinna-bhinna alaMkAra banAye jAte haiM, paraMtu usameM rahane vAlA suvarNa tatva nitya rahatA hai| bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM meM sthira rahane vAlA yaha tatva hI dravya zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai|' 'yogasUtra' ke vyAsabhASya meM dravya kI yaha paribhASA jyoM kI tyoM upalabdha hotI hai|' mImAMsaka kumArila ne bhI dravya zabda kI yahI vyAkhyA kI hai| pataMjali ne dUsarI jagaha guNasamudAya yA guNa sandAva ko dravya kahA hai| mahAbhASyaprasiddha evaM bAda meM vyAsa Adi dvArA samarthita ye sArI vyAkhyAe~ jaina dArzanika umAsviAti ke tatvArtha sUtra meM upalabdha hotI haiN|' dravya kA niruktilabhya arthaH-vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se paramparA meM prayukta pAribhASika dravya zabda kA vizeSa artha evaM usakI vyAkhyA ko isa prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai: jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anusAra:-dravya zabda ko ivArthaka nipAta mAnanA caahiye| "dravyaM bhavye" (4.1.158) isa jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sUtrAnusAra dru kI taraha jo ho vaha dravya smjhnaa| jisa prakAra binA gA~Tha kI lakar3I baDhaI Adi ke 1. apariccata.... dabaMti buccaMti sa.sA. 95 2. vai.sU. 1.1.15 3. drayaM hi nityamAkRtiranityA... suvarNa kadAcidAkRtyA.... piNDAkRtimupamaI rucakAH kriyante.... AkRtyupamardaina dravyamevAvaziSyate pAtaM. mahA. 1.1 4. yogabhASya 4.13 5. vadhamAnakamale ca.... hemArthinastu mAdhyasthaM na nAzIna viko sAmAnyanityatA mI. zlo. vA 21.23 6. pAta. mahA. 4.1.3, 5.1.119 7. ta.sU. 5.29, 30.37 2010_03

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nimitta se Tebala kursI Adi aneka AkAroM ko prApta hotI hai, usI taraha dravya bhI brAhya va AbhyaMtara kAraNoM se una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jaise pASANa khodane se pAnI nikalatA hai| yahA~ avibhakta kartRkaraNa hai usI prakAra dravya aura paryAya meM bhI samajhanA caahiye| ' paMcAstikAya ke anusAra:- una-una sadrAva paryAyoM ko jo tatva dravita hotA hai, prApta hotA hai use dravya kahate haiM, jo sattA se ananya bhUta hai| 2 sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra:- ( 1 ) jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA gayA thA athavA guNoM ko prApta huA thA; yA jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAyegA yA guNoM ko prApta hogA, use dravya kahate haiM / " (2) jo yathAyogya apanI-apanI paryAyoM ke dvArA prApta hote haiM yA paryAyoM ko prApta hote haiM, ve dravya kahalAte haiN|" paMcAstikAya kA anusaraNa karatI vyAkhyA rAjavArtika meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| " aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke dvArA abhihita dravyaH - utpAda vyaya evaM dhauvya svabhAva maya nitya pariNamanazIla artha meM prayukta hone vAle isa 'dravya' zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiN| sattA, sat athavA satva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha aura vidhi, ye nau zabda sAmAnya rUpa se eka dravyarUpa artha ke hI vAcaka haiN| " dravya ke artha sAmAnya, utsarga aura anuvRtti haiN| 7 paraMtu adhika pracalita artha dravya, sat, athavA bhAva hai| dravya kI parikalpanA kA kAraNaH - hameM yaha sahaja jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki dravya kI parikalpanA kyoM kI gayI? isake samAdhAna meM hameM yahI tarka prApta hotA hai ki sRSTi kI vyAkhyA ko samajhane ke liye 'dravya' zabda kI 1. athavA 'dravya bhavye' vyaM jainendra vyAkaraNa (4.1.158) ityanena nipAtito.... tena tena paryAyeNa dru iva bhavatIti dravyamityupamIyate" rA.vA. 5.2.2.436.26 2. "daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sanbhAvapajjayAI jaM: dapiyaM taM bhaNNaMte, aNaNNabhUdaMtu sattAdI" paM. kA. 9 3. " guNairguNAnvA drutaM gataM guNaidrauSyate, guNAndrauvyatIti vA dravyam" 1.5.17.5 4. yathAsvaM paryAyaiDUyante DapaMti vA tAni iti dravyANi 5.2.266.10 5. rA. vA. 1.33.1.95.4 6. sattA satvaM sadvA sAmAnyaM dravyamanvayo vastu / arthovidhiravizeSA ekArthavAcakA amI zabdAH " paM. dha.pu. 143 7. " dravyaM sAmAnyamutsarga anuvRttirityarthaH" sa.si. 1.33.241 12 2010_03

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kalpanA huI hogii| sRSTi "dravyamaya hai"; hamAre sAmane jar3a cetana cetana jo kucha hai, vaha saba kucha dravya hai| anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI 'dravya' zabda prayukta huA hai, jisakA vistArapUrvaka vivecana Age ke pRSThoM meM hai| jaina darzana kA dravya hI upaniSad kA sat hai, evaM jaina darzana meM bhI 'sat' aura 'dravya' paryAyavAcI haiN| sAMkhya puruSa-prakRti ke artha meM, cArvAka bhUtacatuSTaya ke artha meM aura nyAya-vaizeSika paramANuvAda ke artha meM 'dravya' zabda ko grahaNa karate haiN| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vibhinna mataH-vividhatA aura viziSTatA se bharapUra yaha raMgabiraMgI sRSTi aneka dArzanikoM ke ciMtana kA viSaya rahI hai| unake lakSya evaM uddezya meM bhinnatA ho sakatI hai| unake jaise tatvajJa saMta isa sRSTi kI taha meM isaliye jAnA cAhate haiM tAki isakA asalI svarUpa pahacAnakara usake prati virakta baneM evaM anya ko bhI nivRtti kA mArga prarUpita kara skeN| dArzanika mAtra apanI antaranadI meM uphanatI jijJAsAoM ko samAhita karane hetu ise jAnanA cAhatA hai| matoM kI isa bhinnatA ne jahA~ eka ora udAravAda kA paricaya diyA vahIM dUsarI ora avadhAraNAe~ bhinna-bhinna banatI giiN| sRSTi ke prazna para bhI aneka avadhAraNAe~ bniiN| Age ke kucha anucchedoM meM dravya evaM sRSTi ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna dArzanika matoM ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| upaniSad ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi:-sarvaprathama yahA~ asat thA, isa asat me sat kI utpatti hii| kucha RSiyoM ke mata meM asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| sarvaprathama sat hI thA, usane socA "maiM aneka hoU" aura sat kI isI kalpanA se sRSTi kA nirmANa huaa| upaniSad AtmA aura brahma ko abhinna mAnatA hai| "yaha saba brahma hI hai aura AtmA hI brahma hai| caMdramA aura sUrya brahmA kI A~kheM, aMtarikSa aura dizAe~ zrotra aura vAyu isakA ucchavAsa 1. "asataH sadajAyata' chAndogya. 6.2.1 2. kutastu khalu saumya evaM syAditi hovAca kathamasataH sajjAyeteti" satveva somyedamaNu aasiit| ekmevaadvitiiym| tadaikSata bahusyAM prjaayeyeti|" chAndogya. 6.2.2 3. "sarvaM hi etad brahma ayamAtmA brahma" mANDUkya.... 4. muNDokapani. 1.1 13 ___ 2010_03

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taittirIya upaniSad meM brahma kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra banAyI gayI hai "vaha jisase samasta bhUtoM kI utpatti huI aura utpanna hone ke pazcAt jIvana ko dhAraNa karate haiM, mRtyu ke bAda ve sAre brahma meM hI samA jAte haiN| eka mata yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra bar3haI makAna Adi banAtA hai, brahmA ne bhI usI prakAra se sRSTi banAyI hai| yahA~ prazna yaha hotA hai ki jaba brahma ne saMsAra banAyA to banAne kI sAmagrI use kahA~ se upalabdha huI? isakA uttara Age jAkara yaha diyA gayA ki brahma hI vaha vRkSa evaM kASTha hai jisase dyuloka evaM pRthvI kA nirmANa huaa| isa prakAra sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM upaniSadoM meM spaSTa vicAradhArA milatI haiM ki saMpUrNa cetana-acetana Izvara- dvArA sarjita hai evaM vyaya yA vinAza hokara usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| bauddha mata meM dravya evaM sRSTi:-bauddha darzana ke pravartaka mahAtmA buddha se jaba isa prakAra ke jIva, jagata viSayaka prazna kiye jAte the, taba ve inheM avyAkRta kahakara mauna hI rahate the| buddha kahate the ye prazna na to arthayukta haiM na hI dhrmyukt| inakA jJAna na to brahmacarya ke lie Avazyaka hai aura na nirveda ke lie; inase na virAga hotA hai; na duHkhanirodha; na zAnti na abhijJA; na saMbodhi prApta hotI hai aura na nirvANa, ataH inheM avyAkRta kahA hai|' tathAgata Age kahate haiM "kucha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa zAzvatavAda ko mAnate haiM, kucha ucchedavAda ko, kucha aMzataH donoM ko mAnate haiN| ye saba inhIM praznoM meM ulajhakara raha jAte haiN| maiM bhI inako jAnatA hU~, pratyuta jyAdA jAnatA hU~, paraMtu jAnane kA abhimAna nahIM karatA, ata: tathAgata nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN|" buddha ne Age yaha bhI kahA ki jo loka (saMsAra) Adi kA vivecana 1. taittirIyopaniSad 3.16 taitirIya brAhmaNa 10.31.7 2. taitirIya brAhmaNa.... 3. dIghanikAya poThThapAdasutta 9 4. dIghanikAya poThThapAdasutta 9 5. dIghanikAya brahmajAlasutta / 14 2010_03

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karate haiM kyA unhoMne usa loka kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai? agara nahIM, to kyA unakA vacana apramANika nahIM hogA?' buddha ne to yahA~ taka kahA ki jo ina avyAkRta praznoM meM ulajhakara raha jAtA hai vaha duHkha se mukta nahIM ho sktaa|' nAgArjuna samagra vyAvahArika dhAraNAoM kI parIkSA karake yahI nirNaya lete haiM ki yaha saba kucha asatya hai, mAtra zUnyatA hI satya hai|' __ sAMkhya ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi:-sAMkhya dvaitavAdI hai, kyoMki yaha puruSa aura prakRti donoM kI sattA svIkAra karatA hai| isake anusAra kArya kAraNa meM vidyamAna hotA hai| kAraNa kI paribhASA karate hue sAMkhya kahatA hai ki kAraNa vaha sattA hai jisake aMdara kArya avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| isake lie vaha katipaya uktiyA~ bhI prastuta karatA hai| abhAvAtmaka padArtha kisI bhI kriyA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA; asat ko sat nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| nIle ko hajAroM kalAkAra bhI pIlA nahIM kara skte| sAMkhya isa sRSTi ko kisI buddhimAn kI racanA nahIM mAnatA, apitu vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki prakRti kA kAryakalApa kisI sacetana ciMtana kA pariNAma nahIM hai|' buddhi rahita prakRti ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha vaise hI kArya karatI hai jaise vRkSa phaloM ko utpanna karate haiN|' puruSa svayaM racanAtmaka zakti nahIM hai, paraMtu prakRti jo 'anekarUpa vizva' ko utpanna karatI hai vaha puruSa ke mArgadarzana evaM saMparka ke kAraNa hI karatI hai| isa siddhAMta ko laMgar3e aura aMdhe ke udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra sRSTi na yathArtha hai na ayathArtha, phira bhI varNanIya hai, kyoMki avarNanIya kI sattA nahIM hai|' sAMkhya matAnusAra usakA na to astitva 1. dIghanikAya poTThapAdasutta 2. majjhimanikAya 63 cUlabhAlukyasutta 64, dIghanikAya 9 3. na svatI nAti paratI.... bhAvA kvacana kecana.mA.kA. 11 4. asadakaraNAdupAdAna.... stkaarym| sAMkhyakA.9 5. nahi nIlaM zilpIsahastreNa pItaM kartuM zakyate" tatva. kaumudI- 2.9 6. sAMkhyapravacana sUtra 3.31 7. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra vRtti 2.1 8. puruSasya darzanArthaM kevalyArthaM tathA pradhAnasyasAMkhyakA. 21 9. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra 5.54 15 ___ 2010_03

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hai' aura na hI mAtra vaicArika sattA / " yaha jagat prakRti ke nitya rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai aura apane asthAyI parivartita rUpoM meM vilupta ho jAtA hai|" yaha vikAsa aura vilaya kA cakra anAdi anaMta hai| prakRti kA yaha nRtya mukti taka cAlU rahatA hai| " sAMkhya kA sRSTi krama isa prakAra spaSTa hai - prakRti se mahat, mahat se ahaMkAra, ahaMkAra se mana, paMcajJAnendriyA~, pA~cakarmendriyA~ paMcatanmAtrA, evaM paMcamahAbhUta utpanna hote haiN|" ye caubIsa tatva acetana haiM, phira bhI cetana puruSake prayojana ke liye pravRtta hote haiN| puruSa sRSTivyApAra se alipta hai; na yaha vikRti hai na prakRti / mUla prakRti prakRti hai; mahat, ahaMkAra aura paMcatanmAtrAe~, ye prakRti vikRti donoM haiN| mana, paMcajJAnendriyA~, paMcakarmendriyA~ aura paMcamahAbhUta, ye solaha tatva mAtra vikRti haiN| ' 6 rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda, ye pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ haiN| ina pA~ca tanmAtrAoM se agni, jala, pRthvI, vAyu aura AkAza rUpa pA~ca mahAbhUtoM kI utpatti hotI hai| ' nyAyavaizeSika meM dravya va sRSTiH:- nyAya aura vaizeSika samAna taMtra mAne jAte haiN| nyAya ke anusAra jagat kI sRSTi tathA saMhAra ko karane vAlA vyApaka, nitya, eka, sarvajJa tathA nityajJAnayukta ziva hai / " pRthvI, candra, sUrya, nadI, samudra Adi sabhI kisI buddhimAna dvArA nirmita haiM, kyoMki ye ghaTa-paTa kI taraha kArya haiM; aura jitane bhI kArya haiM, ve sAre kisI na kisI kI nirmita haiN| " nyAya aura vaizeSika asatkAryavAdI mAne jAte haiN| vaizeSika paramANu ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| isa jagata meM sAre padArtha utpatti-vinAzazIla 1. sAMkhyapra. sU. 5.55 2. sA. pra. sU. 1.42 3. sadasatkhyAtibadhibAdhAt sA.pra.sU. 5.56 4. sA. pra. sU. 3.36 5. " prakRtermahAMstato.... paMca bhUtAni" sA.kA. 33 6. mUlaprakRtiravikRti vikRtiH puruSaH " sA.kA. 3 7. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 40, sA.kA. mAThara. pR. 37 8. akSapAdamate samAzrayaH " SaDdarzanasamuccaya 16 9. yad yad kAryaM tattad bodhAdhArakAraNam... tasmAt bodhAdhArakAraNam" praza. bhA. pR. 302 16 2010_03

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haiM; nitya paramANuoM ke vibhinna saMyogoM se banate haiM aura viyoga se vinaSTa hote haiN| bhautika padArthoM ke avayavoM kA vibhAga bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura ina avayavoM ko puna: anya avayavoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, isa anavasthA se bacane ke liye aMtima avayava ko avibhAjya aura niravayava mAnanA hogA, aura aisA atIndriya nitya avibhAjya bhautikadravya paramANu hai|' paramANu cAra prakAra ke haiN| pArthiva, jalIya, taijasa aura vaayviiy| AkAza eka aura nitya hai| prazastapAda ne apane bhASya meM ina paramANuoM se jagadutpatti kA suMdara vivecana kiyA hai| aNuparimANa viziSTa paramANuoM se dyaNuka kI utpatti hotI hai| vyaNuka kArya hone se anitya hai yadyapi vaha bhI aNuparamANuka hotA hai| tIna dvayaNukoM se jisa trasareNu kI utpatti hotI hai vaha mahatparimANavAlA hotA hai| yahI indriyagocara hotA hai| paramANu kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra upalabdha hotI haiM-chata ke cheda se sUrya kI kiraNoM meM jo choTe kaNa najara Ate haiM ve trasareNu haiM aura usa trasareNu kA chaThA bhAga paramANu hai|' __ paramANu zAMta aura nispaMda rahate haiM phira unameM spaMda kaise hotA hai? vaizeSika isakA kAraNa dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa ko batAte haiN| jaise suI kI ayaskAMtamaNi meM gati', vRkSoM meM rasa kA nIce se Upara kI ora bar3hanA hotA hai, vaise hI mana tathA paramANuoM kI pahalI kriyA adRSTa kI sahakAritA se Izvara kI icchA se paramANuoM meM spaMdana, aura phira usase sRSTi kriyA mAnI gayI hai|' cArvaka ke mata meM dravya evaM sRSTi:-bhAratIya darzana meM cArvaka darzana kA ullekha nAstika darzana meM hotA hai| vaha isa sRSTi kI racanA ko kisI vyakti vizeSa kI upalabdhi na mAnakara ise pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke hI tatvacatuSTaya ke dvArA utpanna batAtA hai| jisa prakAra mahuA Adi mAdaka sAmagrI saMyoga 1. nyAyabhASya 4.2.17-25.7. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 19-22 2. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 19-22 3. jAlAntaragate bhAno. yat sUkSma dRzyate rjH| tasya SaSThatamo bhAgaH paramANu saH ucyate" uddhRta AptamImAMsA pRSTha 20 se. 4. "maNigamanasUcyabhisarpaNamityadRSTakAraNam" vai.sU. 5.1.15 5. "vRkSAbhisarpaNamityadRSTakAritam" vai.sU. 5.2.7 6. prazasta. bhA. pR. 20 7. pRthvI jala tathA.... catuSTayam" SaDdarzana. 43 "zarIrendriyaviSaya saMjJebhya..." prameyakamala. pR. 115 17 2010_03

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se viziSTa madazakti utpanna hotI hai, usI taraha bhUta catuSTaya ke viziSTa saMyoga se caitanya zakti utpanna hotI hai| bhUta aura bhaviSya meM inakA vizvAsa nahIM hai| inakI prasiddha ukti hai"yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|" ___ isa prakAra loka (sRSTi) ke saMbaMdha meM anekoM mata haiN| isake vistRta vivecana ke liye hameM haribhadrasUri kRta 'lokatatva nirUpaNa' grantha dekhanA caahiye| aba hama jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM vivecana para dRSTipAta kreN| dravya va sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana kI mAnyatAH-jaina dArzanikoM ne jIvana se saMbaMdhita samasta pahaluoM para apanA dRSTikoNa spaSTa kiyA hai| cUMki mAnava apanI samasta kriyAe~ saMsAra meM hI sampanna karatA hai to isa viSaya para jaina dArzanika mUka kaise raha sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parama vinamra ziSya, "roha" ne samAdhAna kI prArthanA karate hue mahAvIra se nivedana kiyA ki "pahale loka huA athavA alok|" bhagavAna ne usakI jijJAsA ko upazAMta karate hue kahA-roha! loka aura aloka, ye donoM anAdi haiN| inameM paurvAparya saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM hai| isake lie unhoMne aNDe aura murgI kA udAharaNa bhI diyA' jahA~ para hama rahate haiM vaha loka hai| loka meM AkAza, dharma, adharma, kAla pudgala aura jIva kI sahasthiti hI hai| dravya se paripUrNa isa sRSTi ko jaina darzana meM loka kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne isa saMpUrNa sRSTi ko chaH dravyoM se parivyApta batAyA hai| jaina siddhAMtoM ke prakAza meM abhedAtmaka apekSA se isa sRSTi ko dravyamaya evaM bhedAtmaka dRSTikoNa se SaDdravyamaya kahA jA sakatA hai|' yaha vizva isa anaMtAnaMta "sat" kA virAT Agara hai aura akRtrima hai; kisI vyakti vizeSa yA Izvara dvArA racita nahIM hai| mAdhyamikoM ke anusAra, 1. bhagavatI 1.6 2. jIvA ceva ajIvAya, asa loge viyahie" uttarA. 36.2 3. dharmAdharmAkAza.... dityaadirythaa| pramANana. 7.20 4. logo akiTTimo khalu" mUlAdhAra 712 . 18 2010_03

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"padArtha na eka hai aura na anek| eka isIliye nahIM kyoMki padArthoM meM vividhatA hai aura usa vividhatA ko siddha karane vAlA pramANa na hone ke kAraNa 'abhAvaikAnta' kahanA ThIka hai|" jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi anaMta hai, usameM na to nayA utpAda hai aura na prApta sat kA vinAza hai| vaha mAtra paryAyaparivartana karatA rahatA hai| na to asat se sat utpanna hote haiM aura na sat kA kabhI vinAza hotA hai| samasta sAdhana kI upalabdhatA meM bhI mRpiMDa ke abhAva meM ghar3e kA utpAda nahIM hotaa|' bhAva (dravya) mAtra guNa aura paryAya meM parivartana karate haiM, paraMta sat kA utpAda yA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotaa|' haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM bhI isI vyAkhyA kI puSTi kI hai| jaina darzana ne dravya chaha mAne haiM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzastikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAlA tatvArtha sUtra meM yadyapi 'kAla' dravya kA varNana uparyukta pA~ca astikAya dravyoM ke varNana ke sAtha to nahIM upalabdha hotA, paraMtu isI (pA~caveM) adhyAya ke paiMtIsaveM sUtra meM kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM liyA hai| rAjavArtika meM dravya kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai|' kuMdakuMdAcArya ne dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva, inake liye astikAya evaM kAla ko parivartanaliMga yukta kahakara dravya kI saMkhyA svIkAra kI hai| ve sabhI dravya paraspara mizrita rahakara eka dUsare meM praveza karate haiM, eka dUsare ko avakAza dete haiM, paraspara mila jAte haiM phira bhI apane svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM krte|' vaizeSika chaha padArtha mAnate haiN| dravya, guNa, karma,sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya 1. "bhAvA yena nirUpyante tadrUpaM nAsti ttvtH| yasmodakamaneka ca, rUpaM teSAM na vidyate" pramANavArtikA. 2.360 2. zAstravArtA samuccaya 6.28 3. bhAvassa Natyi NAso.... pukavvaMti paM. kA. 15 4. zAstra. 6.37, evaM 11.5 5. ta.sU. 1.3 6. ta.sU. 5.35 7. rA.vA. 5.3.442 8. paM. kA. 2.6 9. aNNoNNaM pavisaMtA.... vijaMhati pa. kA. na.. 10. syAdvAdamaMjarI 8.48 ___ 2010_03

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vaizeSikamata meM dravya kA lakSaNa hai-jisameM guNa aura kriyA pAye jAyeM tathA jo kArya kA samavAyI kAraNa ho|' pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza,, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana, ye nau dravya haiN| eka apekSA se adravyatva aura anekadravyatva bhI dravya kA lakSaNa hai| AkAza, kAla, dika, AtmA, mana aura paramANu adravyatva haiM, ye na kisI se utpanna haiM aura na kisI ke utpAdaka haiN| avaziSTa pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye aneka dravyatva haiM, kyoMki ye aneka dravyoM se utpanna bhI haiM aura anekoM ke utpAdaka bhI' vaizeSika darzana ne guNa ko bhI nitAMta bhinna mAnA hai| jo eka dravyAzrita ho guNarahita evaM saMyoga vibhAga kA sApekSa kAraNa ho, vaha guNa hai| rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayala dravatva, gurutva, saMskAra, sneha, dharma, adharma, aura zabda, ye 24 guNa hote haiN|' vaizeSika darzana kI taraha bauddha darzana bhI eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se saMbaMdha svIkAra nahIM krte| parataMtratA nAma saMbaMdha kA hai paraMtu jo vastu siddha ho gayI usameM parataMtratA kA prazna hI nahIM hai| isIlie kisI bhI padArtha meM koI vAstavika saMbaMdha nahIM hai|' 1. kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyalakSaNam" vai.sU. 1.1.15 2. vaizeSikadarzana 1.1.15 3. dravyaM dvidhA adravyamamanekadravyaM c| na vidyate dravyaM janyatayA janakatayA ca yasya tadravyaM dravyam ythaakaashkaalaadi| anekaM dravyaM janyatayA ca janakatayA ca yasya tadanekadravyaM dravyam" syAdvAda. 4.49 se uddhata 4. dravyAzrayyaguNavAn saMyogavibhAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti guNalakSaNam" vai.sU. 1.1.16 5. rUpa rasa gaMdha.... prayatnazca" vai.sa. 1.1.6 6. pArataMtryaM hi saMbaMdha: siddhe kA prtNtrtaa| tasmAt sarvasvabhAvasya saMbaMdho nAsti tatvataH" "saMbaMdhaparIkSA" uddhRteyam A.mI. 1.11.123 20 2010_03

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jaina paramparA mAnya dravya kA lakSaNa bhUta aura bhaviSya ko jor3ane vAlA vartamAna hai| agara vartamAna na ho to bhUta aura bhaviSya donoM mahatvahIna haiN| jisakA hama Aja astitva svIkAra karate haiM, niHsaMdeha atIta meM bhI usakA astitva rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| avasthA meM pariNamana to anivArya hai, paraMtu pariNamana ke madhya kucha aisA aprakaMpa tatva hai jo sarvadA sthAyI hai| dArzanika kSetra meM dravya use hI kahate haiM jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM pratipala pariNamana to kare, paraMtu apane maulika svabhAva kI apekSA nitya rhe|' sat aura dravya eka hI hai; athavA yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM- jo sat hai, vahI dravya hai|' avasthAoM kA pariNamana usI meM saMbhava hai jo dhruva yA nitya rhe| nitya kI anupasthiti meM na to pUrvavartI avasthA saMbhava hai aura na hI uttrvrtii| nitya kA lakSaNa umAsvAti ne isa prakAra batAyA hai- jo apane bhAva se kabhI cyuta na ho, vaha nitya hai|' utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya kI isa vyAkhyA se yukta pariNamana kI paramparA se yukta hokara bhI dravya apane svabhAva kA ullaMghana nahIM krtaa| ata: isa sat (dravya) ko trilakSaNa hI kahanA caahiye| dravya meM na to mAtra utpAda saMbhava hai aura na hI mAtra vyaya, aura dhauvyatA ke abhAva meM utpAda vyaya kisakA Azrita hogaa| pratipala utpAda vyaya kI sthiti ke madhya bhI dravya kI apanI svarUpa hAni nahIM hotii| 1. "utpAda vyaya dhauvya yuktaM sat" ta. sU. 5.29. 2. "goyamA saddabbayAe" bha. 8.9.55. 3. "tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam" ta. sU. 5.30. 4. evamasya svabhAvata eva vilakSaNAyAM....satvamanumodanIyam" pra.sA.ta.pra.vR. 99. 5. Na bhavo bhaMgavihINo....viNA dhobveNa atyeNa" pra.sA. 100. 6. pAdunbharvAda ya aNNI....uppaNNaM" pra.sA. 103. ___ 2010_03

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dravya aura sattA, inameM mAtra zabdabheda hai, arthabheda nahIM hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki dravya aura sattA ina donoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga milatA hai| dravya aura sattA ke ekArthaka hone kA kAraNa pravacana sAra meM isa prakAra se prApta hotA hai, "dravya agara sat nahIM hai to asat hogA; aura asat to dravya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH dravya svayaM sattA hai|' cetana aura acetana jitane bhI haiM, ve sabhI dravya kahalAte haiN| cetana aura acetana dravyoM meM utpAda vyaya vaise hI hotA hai jisa prakAra mRtpiDa se ghar3e kA nirmANa aura piNDAvasthA kA naash| miTTI se jaba ghar3A banA taba mRpiMDAkAra kA vyaya aura ghaTa kI utpatti huI, para ina donoM avasthAoM meM mRttikA kI sthiti yathAvat (dhruva) rahatI hai| ____ guNaratnasUri ne 'SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA' meM sat kI yahI vyAkhyA dI hai- "samasta vastue~ utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiN| jo utpAda vyaya yukta nahIM haiM ve sat nahIM haiN| sat zabda ke lokabhASA meM vibhinna artha milate haiM, para yahA~ sat kA artha astitva hai| __svayaM haribhadrasUri ne "utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya yukta ko hI sat ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai|' paMcAstikAya' meM kundakundAcArya ne dravya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI hai, "jo sadbhAva paryAyoM ko dravita hotA hai, prApta hotA hai use dravya kahate haiM, aura aisA dravya sattA se ananyabhUta hai|' agale hI zloka meM unhoMne dravya ke tIna lakSaNa batAye- jo sat lakSaNa vAlA ho, jo utpAda vyaya dhrauvya yukta ho evaM jo guNa paryAyoM kA Azraya ho, vahI dravya hai|' 1. "Na havadi jadi saddavaM...davvaM sayaM sattA" pra.sA. 105. 2. cetanasya acetnsy...ghttpryaayvt| tathA pUrvabhAvavigamA...ghaTotpattau piNDAkRteH" sa.vA. 5.30. 494, 95. 3. sarva vastUpAdavyaya...tatsadapi na bhavati" SaDdarzana TI. 57.360. 4. taha vivakSAta....veditavyaH sa.vA. 5.30.495. 5. yenosAda...tatsadiSyate SaDdarzana. 57. 6. daviyadi gacchadi...bhUdaMtu sattAdI" paM. kA. 9. 7. dabaM sallakhaNayaM...bhaNNaMti sambaha" paM. kA. 10. 22 . ___ 2010_03

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dravya kA lakSaNa-guNa paryAyayukta hai:-guNa aura paryAya yukta ko hI dravya saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai|' niyama sAra meM bhI dravya kI yahI vyAkhyA hai| isI vyAkhyA se milatI julatI vyAkhyA pravacana sAra evaM nyAyabindu meM upalabdha hotI hai|' guNa aura paryAya ke sAtha sat, jise dravya kahate haiM, kA tanmayatva hai|' dravya guNa aura paryAya ye tInoM eka sAtha pAye jAte haiM, ina tInoM meM saha astitva hai| tInoM meM se eka bhI vibhakta nahIM hotaa| dravya kA abhAva guNa kA bhI abhAva kara degA aura guNa ke abhAva meM dravya kA bhI astitva nahIM hogA; dravya aura guNa avyatirikta haiN| isI prakAra se paryAya ke abhAva meM dravya nahIM ho sakatA aura dravya ke abhAva meM paryAya nahIM; dravya aura paryAya bhI ananyabhUta hai| jo anvayi haiM ve guNa haiM jo aura vyatirekI haiM, ve paryAya haiN|' guNa aura paryAya ko aura jyAdA spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki dravya meM bheda karane vAle ko guNa (anvayI) aura dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN| guNa aura paryAya ko udAharaNa sahita isa prakAra samajhAyA hai, "jJAna Adi guNoM dvArA hI jIva ajIva se bhinna pratIta hotA hai| jIva meM ghaTajJAna, parTajJAna, krodha, mAna Adi pAye jAte haiN| ve jIva dravya kI paryAyeM haiN|' guNa aura paryAya yukta samUha ko to dravya sabhI kahate haiN| paraMtu kahIM-kahIM mAtra guNoM ke samudAya ko bhI dravya kahate haiM; kevala itane se bhI koI AcArya dravya kA lakSaNa kahate haiN|" sahabhAvI aura kramamAvI kI apekSA guNa-paryAyaH-dravya meM guNa sahavartI evaM 1. "guNaparyAyavat dravyam" ta.sU. 5.38. 2. nAnAguNaparyAya: saMyuktAH ni.sA. 9. 3. pra.sA. 95, nyAyabi. 1.115. 428. 4. jesiM atthi...vivihahi" paM. kA. 10. 5. dabbeNa viNA havadi tamhA paM. kA. 13. 6. pajjayavijudaM... aNaNNabhUdaM paM. kA. 12. 7. anvayinoguNA vyatirekiNa: paryAyAH sa. si. 5.38.600. 8. guNa idi davavihANaM... ajupadasiddha have NiccaM" saM. si. pR. 237 para uddhRta. 9. dravyaM dravyAMtarAd yena viziSyate sa guNaH, jJAnAdayo jIvasya guNAH... teSAM vikArA... ghaTajJAnaM, paTajJAnaM, kodho... ityevamAdaye:" sa. si. 5.38.600. 10. "guNaparyayasamudAyo dravyaM punarasya bhavati vAkyArthaH" pa. dha. pR. 72. 11. guNa samudAyo dravyaM lakSaNametAvatApyuzaMti budhAH pa. dha. pU. 733. sahakrama pravRttaguNa paryAya paM. kA.TI.11. 23 ___ 2010_03

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paryAya kramavartI kahalAte haiN|' sahabhAvI dharma tatva kI sthiti aura kramabhAvI dharma tatva kI gatizIlatA ke sUcaka hote haiN| paryAya pariNamana pratipala hotA rahatA hai| jaise cAvala ko pakAne ke liye bartana meM DAlA aura use Aga para rkhaa| vaha Adhe ghaMTe meM pake to yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki 29 yA 29.5 miniTa meM vaha jyoM kA tyoM rahA aura mAtra aMtima kSaNa meM paka gyaa| usameM sUkSmarUpa se parivartana prathama samaya meM hI prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| agara prathama kSaNa se parivartana prAraMbha nahIM hotA to dUsare kSaNa meM parivartana saMbhava hI nahIM hai|' __vAdIdeva sUri ne paryAya evaM guNa ko vizeSa ke do prakAra batAye haiM evaM sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kI saMjJA dI hai| jJAna zakti Adi AtmA ke guNa haiM, jinakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| agara jIva kA jJAnAdi guNa samApta ho sakatA to vaha ajIva ho jAtA aura isa prakAra, dravya kI isa mUla vyAkhyA kA hI lopa ho jAtA ki "dravya se dravyAMtara" nahIM hotaa| dravya kI utpAdavyayAtmaka jo paryAyeM haiM, ve kramabhAvI haiM, jaise- sukha, du:kha, harSa aadi| TIkAkAra ratnaprabhAcArya ne guNa aura paryAya kI isa bhinnatA kA kAraNa kAla ko batAyA hai| nyAyavinizcaya meM bhI dravya meM guNoM ko sahabhAvI evaM paryAya ko kramabhAvI kahA hai|' svajAti kA tyAga kiye binA dravya meM do prakAra ke pariNamana hote haiM, anAdi evaM aadimaan| sumeru parvata Adi ke AkAra ityAdi anAdi pariNAma haiN| AdimAna do prakAra kA hai, eka prayogajanya aura dUsarA svaabhaavik| svAbhAvika ko vaisrasika bhI kahate haiN| karmoM ke upazama hone ke kAraNa jIva 1. yathA vyAvahArikasya... ca na syAditi ta. vA. 5.22.. 2. "vizeSopi dvirUpo guNaH paryAyazceti, guNaH sahabhAvI dharmo yathAtmAni vijJAnavyaktizaktayAdiriti" pramANa na. 5.6.7. 3. paryAyastu kramabhAvI yathA tatraiva sukhaduHkhAdiriti" pramANa na. 5.8. 4. syAdvAda. ma 5.8.736. 5. guNaparyayavad dravyam te sahakramapravRttayaH" nyAyavi. bhU. 1.115.428. 24 2010_03

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Adi jo bhAva haiM; jinameM puruSaprayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM, ve vaisrasika meM aupazamika haiM aura jo jJAna, zIla Adi guru ke nimitta se hote haiM, ve prayogaja haiN| kumhAra ke dvArA acetana miTTI ko ghaTa Adi kA AkAra denA prayogaja hai| indradhanuSa, bAdala Adi svAbhAvika haiN|' inheM kramazaH svabhAva paryAya evaM vibhAva paryAya bhI kahate haiN| anya ke sahayoga ke abhAva meM hone vAle pariNamana ko svabhAva paryAya evaM nimitta se hone vAle pariNamana ko vibhAva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| jIva kI svabhAva paryAyeM anantajJAna Adi haiN| isI prakAra pudgala kI svabhAva paryAyeM rUpa Adi haiN| svabhAvaparyAya sabhI dravyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai, paraMtu vibhAvaparyAya mAtra jIva aura pudgala meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| jIva kI vibhAvaparyAyeM nAraka deva Adi evaM pudgala kI vibhAva paryAyeM skaMdharUpa (sthUla rUpa) Adi haiN| jisa prakAra dravya meM paryAya anivArya haiM, usI prakAra guNa bhI utane hI Avazyaka haiN| "dravya rUpa se to dravya sabhI eka (samAna) hI haiN| paraMtu guNa bheda ke kAraNa hI dravyabheda hai| paryAya to vinAzazIla hai, paraMtu guNa dhruva hai| jaise aMgUThI, hAra Adi banane para svarNa meM AkRti parivartana to ho gayA, paraMtu svarNa kA pItaguNa sthAyI hI rhaa| ise sadRza pariNamana bhI kahate haiN|' "astittva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva agurulaghutva, cetanatva, acetanatva, pradezatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva, isa prakAra se ye dasa sAmAnya guNa haiN| pratyeka dravya meM ATha sAmAnya guNa pAye jAte haiM, jaise jIva meM mUrtatva aura acetanatva kA abhAva hai aura pudgala meM amUrtatva evaM cetanatva kA abhAva hai|' jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, gaMdha, varNa, gatihetutva, sthitihetutva, avagAhana hetutva, vartanahetutva, cetanatva, acetanatva aura mUrtatva, amUrtatva ye solaha dravyoM ke vizeSa guNa haiN| aMta ke cAra guNoM ko svajAti kI apekSA sAmAnya aura vijAti kI apekSA vizeSa guNa kahA jAtA hai| 1. dravyasya svajAtyaparityAgena... pariNAmo vainasika : ta. vA. 5.22. 2. yaH sarveSAM dravyANAM jIvapudgalAdInAM... utpAdayatIti kA. pre. TI. 216. 3. savvANaM davyANaM... bhiNNANi kA. pre. 10.236. 4. sariso jo... guNo sohi kA. pre. 10.241. 5. kA. pre. TI. 241. 6. kA. pre. TIkA 10: 241. 25 ___ 2010_03

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jo guNa sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAye vaha sAmAnya aura jo amuka dravya meM hI pAyA jAye vaha vizeSa guNa hai| __ kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM zubhacaMdra ne chaH sAmAnya guNoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- jisase dravya kA nAza na ho vaha astitva, jisase arthakriyA ho vaha vastutva, jisase sadA pariNamana ho vaha dravyatva, jisase dravya kisI na kisI ke jJAna kA viSaya ho vaha prameyatva, jisase dravyAMtara evaM guNAMtara na ho vaha agurulaghutva, jisase dravya kA koI na koI AkAra banA rahe vaha pradezitva guNa hai|' __ guNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue umAsvAti ne kahA ki "guNa dravya ke Azrita aura svayaM nirguNa hote haiN|" pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM amRtacaMdrAcArya ne guNa ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka kahA hai| unhoMne astitva, nAstitva, ekatva, anyatva, dravyatva, paryAyatva, sarvagatatva, asarvagatatva, sapradezatva apradezatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva, sakriyatva, akriyatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva, abhoktRtva, agurulaghutva ityAdi ko sAmAnya ; evaM gatinimittatA, sthitikAraNatva, avagAhanatva, vartanAya tanutva, rUpAdimatva evaM cetanatva ko vizeSa guNa kahA hai|' vastu anaMtadharmAtmaka haiH-sahabhAvI guNa aura kramabhAvI paryAya hote haiN| pratyeka vastu anaMtadharmAtmaka hotI hai| sabhI vastuoM meM agara hama padArtha meM anaMtadharmoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate to vastu kI siddhi nahIM hotI, ataH vastu anaMtadharmAtmaka hI mAnanI caahie|' eka anya apekSA se paryAya ke do prakAra haiM- arthaparyAya evaM vyNjnpryaay| bhedoM kI paraMparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAmapravAha kisI bhI eka zabda ke lie vAcya bana kara prayukta hotA hai vaha pravAha vyaMjanaparyAya kahalAtA hai| aura usa paraMparA meM jo bheda aMtima aura avibhAjya hai vaha arthaparyAya kahalAtA hai| jaise cetana padArtha kA sAmAnya rUpa jIvatva hai| kAla karma Adi ke kAraNa 1. vahI. 2. dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH ta. sU. 5.41. 3. pra. sA. tA. pra. pR. 95. 4. anaMtakAlastrikAlaviSayatvAda... tadanaMtadharmAtmakam" syAdvAda0 22.200. 5. anaMtadharmAtmakameva... satvamasUpapAdam anyayayo. 22. 26 . 2010_03

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usameM upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva, bAlatva Adi anaMta bhedoMvAlI aneka paraMparAe~ haiN| una paramparAoM meM niraMtara puruSa rUpa samAna pratIti kA viSaya aura eka 'puruSa' zabda kA pratipAdya jo sadRza paryAya pravAha hai vaha to vyaMjana paryAya aura puruSarUpa meM sadRza pravAha ke aMtargata dUsare bAla, yuvA Adi jo bheda haiM, ve arthaparyAya haiN| ' janma se mRtyu paryaMta puruSa ke lie jo 'puruSa' saMbodhana diyA jAtA hai, vaha vyaMjana paryAya kA udAharaNa hai| usa puruSa ke bAla yuvA Adi aMza arthaparyAya ke udAharaNa haiN|" yahA~ aMza kA artha paryAya hai| vyaMjana paryAya kI apekSA se dekhane vAle ko 'puruSa' nirvikalpa yA abhinna rUpa meM dikhatA hai, aura bacapana Adi vikalpa yukta dekhane para vahI ( puruSa ) arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna ( bAla, yuvA Adi) dikhatA hai| vyaMjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya kA alpa vivecana zubhacaMda ne bhI kiyA hai| unake anusAra dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM arthaparyAya evaM jIva aura pudgala meM artha aura vyaMjana donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| * jaina darzana kA yaha utpAda vyaya dhauvya yukta 'sat' siddhAMta 'pariNAmI nityatvavAda' kahalAtA hai| isa siddhAMta kI tulanA 'rAsAyanika vijJAna' ke 'dravyAkSaratvavAda' se kI jA sakatI hai| isa siddhAMta kI sthApanA Lawoisier nAmaka prasiddha vaijJAnika ne thii| isake anusAra vizva meM dravya kA pariNamana sadA hotA hai, paraMtu nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotI / sAdhAraNa dRSTi se jise dravya kA nAza samajhA jAtA haiM vaha usakA rUpAMtara meM pariNamana mAtra hai, jaisekoyalA jala kara rAkha ho jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se ise nAza honA kahate haiM, paraMtu vAstava meM to vaha vAyumaMDala oNksIjana aMza ke sAtha milakara kArbonika esiDa gaisa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA hai| isI prakAra zakkara yA namaka bhI pAnI meM ghulakara naSTa nahIM hote, paraMtu ve Thosa se drava meM rUpAMtarita ho jAte haiN| vastutaH navIna vastu kI utpatti 1. sanmatitarka 1.30 para pa. sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsa jI kA vivecana 2. purisami purisasaddI... bahuviyappA sa. ta. 1.32. 3. vaMjaNapajjAyassa... atyapajjAo sa. ta. 1.34. 4. kA. pre. TIkA 10.220. 2010_03 27

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nahIM hotI mAtra rUpAMtara hotA hai| prakAza, tApamAna, cumbakIya AkarSaNa Adi kA hrAsa nahIM hotA, ve to eka dUsare meM mAtra parivartita hote haiN|' kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartanazIla padArtha yadi samApta hote to Aja sRSTi kA yaha svarUpa nahIM hotaa| parivartana ke abhAva meM mAtra utpAda se sRSTi kA yaha svarUpa saMbhava nahIM thaa| _ 'sanmati tarka' meM isa utpAda-vyayarUpa pariNamana ko prayatnajanya aura aprayatnajanya do prakAra kA kahA hai| prayalajanya vaha hai jo ki aparizuddha hai| ise samudAyavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai|' pariNamana astitva kA hI svabhAva hai| 'sad' kA yaha lakSaNa IzvaravAdiyoM kI mAnyatA kA pratirodha karatA hai| IzvaravAdiyoM ke anusAra pariNamana Izvara dvArA prerita hai| kahA bhI hai- Izvara se prerita jIva hI svarga kI ora prasthAna karatA hai| Izvara ke sahayoga binA jIva sukha-duHkha ko bhI nahIM prApta kara sktaa|' prANI ke prayatnoM dvArA hone vAle parivartana ko prayalajanya aura anya kisI dravya ke sahayoga binA ke prayatna hone vAle ko aprayatnajanya kahate haiN| vaizeSika mAtra prayatnajanya pariNAma hI svIkAra karate haiN|' yaha prayalajanya aura aprayalajanya pariNamana sAmudAyika aura vaiyaktika, do prakAra kA hai| dUdha meM zakkara milAne se dUdha meM hone vAlI madhuratA kI utpatti sAmudAyika prayatnajanya utpAda hai| alaga-alaga rahane vAle avayavoM ko milAkara yA jur3e hue avayavoM ko alaga kara jo utpAda aura vinAza kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAmudAyika utpAda evaM vinAza hai; aura eka hI dravya ke Azrita na hone ke kAraNa yaha aparizuddha pariNamana hai| sAmudAyika utpAda aura vinAza, skaMdha sApekSa hone ke kAraNa aura skaMdha 1. muni nathamalajI - jaina dharma aura darzana pR. 330. 2. utpAdadhruvavinAzaiH... dRzyate dravyAnu. ta. 9.2. 3. upAo duviyAo- aparisuddhA sa.ta. 3.32 4. Izvaraprerito gacchet, svarga vA zvabhrameva vaa| anyojaMturanIzoyamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH, mahAbhArata vanaparva30.28 3. kSityAdayo buddhimatkRrtakAH kAryatvAd ghttvditi| uddhRtoyam syAdvama. pRSTha 32 28 2010_03

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pudgala dravya meM hI sambhava hone ke kAraNa mUrta dravya meM hI saMbhava haiM. amUrta meM nhiiN| ghaTa-paTa Adi jo bhI mUrta padArtha haiM, ve sabhI prayalajanya parivartana hai| bAdala, pahADa Adi kA sarjana aura visarjana kramazaH vaisrasika sAmudAyika utpAda evaM vinAza haiN| binA kisI anya dravya se mile arthAt eka svataMtra dravya meM jo utpAda yA vinAza hotA hai, vaha ekatvika aprayalajanya utpAda evaM vinAza hai| yaha skaMdhAzrita na hone ke kAraNa parizuddha bhI kahalAtA hai| isakA viSaya mAtra amUrtadravya aura eka-eka (svataMtra) dravyarUpa hai| yaha pariNamana AkAza, dharma aura adharma meM hI saMbhava hai| yaha prayatnajanya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ye tInoM astikAya gati evaM kriyA rahita haiN| ata: isameM prayala kA abhAva hai| prayatnajanya aura aprayatnajanya, ina donoM hI sAmudAyika vinAzoM ke samudAyavibhAgamAtra evaM arthAtaMrabhAvaprApti nAma ke do do prakAra haiN| sAmudAyika prayatnajanya vinAza kA udAharaNa hai prayala pUrvaka banAye gaye makAna se IMTa Adi avayavoM kA alaga ho jaanaa| sAmudAyika aprayalajanya vinAza kA udAharaNa hai prakRtita: bane hue bAdaloM kA svataH hI bikhara jaanaa| avayavoM se alaga hue vinA (usI dravya meM) pUrva AkAra ko chor3a kara nae AkAra ko dhAraNa karanA prayalajanya arthAMtarabhAva vinAza hai, jaise- kar3e se kuMDala bnnaa|' aprayatnajanya arthAMtarabhAva kA udAharaNa hai bhautika saMyoga se yA Rtu parivartana se barapha kA pAnI, aura pAnI kA bhApa bnnaa| umAsvAti ne eka anya apekSA se bhI pariNamana kI vyAkhyA kI haikisI bhI dravya kA svAbhAvika pariNamana 'pAriNAmika bhAva' kahalAtA hai; evaM paramANuoM ke milane se jopariNamana hotA hai, vaha audayika bhAva kahalAtA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM jo pariNamana hotA hai vaha pAriNAmika hai| pudgala dravya meM pAriNAmika evaM audayika, donoM pariNamana hote haiN| paramANu meM pAriNAmika pariNamana hotA hai| skaMdhoM meM rUpa, rasa Adi meM hone vAlA audayika pariNamana hai| jIva meM sabhI pariNamana hote haiN|' 1. sAmAvio vi samudayakao- paccaoNiyamA sanmatita. 3.33. 2. vigamassa vi esa... bhAvagamaNaM ca sa. ta. 3.34 evaM isI para saMpAdaka yugala kA vivecanA 3. bhAvo dharmAdharmAmbara- bhAvAnugA jIvAH prazamarati 209. 29 2010_03

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dravya traikAlika hai:- apane pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa dravyoM meM pratikSaNa pariNamana honA avazyambhAvI hai, ve kisI bhI kSaNa pariNamana zUnya nahIM raha skte| pariNamana karane para bhI ve apanI sImA kA ullaMghana nahIM krte| ve tadbhAva pariNamana karate haiM!' anAdi kAla ke isa pariNamana pravAha meM 'dravya jitane the, utane hI haiM; na ghaTe haiM aura na bar3he haiN| __jIva dravya athavA anya koI bhI dravya na to utpanna hotA haiM aura na naSTa hotA hai, mAtra paryAya pariNamana hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa avabodha hotA hai ki dravya kI sattA traikAlika hai| dravya meM atIta meM anaMta paryAya ho cukI haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI anaMta paryAyeM hogI, mAtra vartamAna kI apekSA paryAya eka hai|' paryAyavAlA hI dravya hotA hai| isa prakAra se, sUtrakAra ke spaSTIkaraNa se tInoM kAloM meM dravya kA astitva nirvivAda hai| tInoM kAloM ko viSaya karane vAle nayoM aura upanayoM ke viSayabhUta aneka dharmoM ke tAdAtmya saMbaMdha ko prApta samudAya kA nAma dravya hai| vaha dravya eka (sAmAnya kI apekSA) bhI hai aura aneka (vizeSa kI apekSA) bhii|' paryAya dravya meM hI hotI hai| ata: jaba paryAyoM kA traikAlika astitva hai, to usakA AzrayadAtA dravya to svata: traikAlika ho jAtA hai| kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne apanI anyayoga vya. meM sat kA lakSaNa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki pratyeka kSaNa meM utpanna aura nAza hone vAle padArthoM kI sthiti dekhakara bhI jo dravya ke utpAda aura vinAza ko nahIM mAnate, isameM unakI kaluSita mAnasikatA hI kAraNa ho sakatI hai|' utpAda aura vinAza donoM kA adhikaraNa traikAlika dhruva dravya hI hai, jaise caitra aura maitra donoM bhAiyoM kA adhikaraNa eka mAtA hai|' 1. tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH ta. sU. 5.42 2. maNusattaNeNa- pa.kA. 17.18.19 3. kA. pre. 10.221 epa daviyammi - havai davvaM dha. 1.1.136. 199 ka. pA. 1.1.14.108 4. paryayavad dravyamiti- dravyamuktam lo. vA. 2.1.5.63.269. 5. nayopanaya- dravyamekamanekadhA A.mI. 10.107. 6. pratikSaNotpAda-pizAcako vA. anyayo 21. 7. sthiramutsAdavinAzayau yathA caitramaitrayorekA jananI syAt vahI 21.197 30 2010_03

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AtmA zabda se anaMta paryAyoM meM rahane vAle anaMta dharmAtmaka nitya dravya kA sUcana hotA hai|' AtmasAdhaka zrImad rAjacaMdra ke zabdoM me dravya kI nityatA isa prakAra spaSTa huI hai- "saMpUrNa rUpa se dravya kA nAza to hotA hI nahIM, agara dravya kA hI nAza ho jAyegA to he sAdhaka! tU khoja ki vaha kisameM mizrita hogA, arthAt tujhe samajha meM A hI jAyegA kyoMki cetana cetanAnaMtara nahIM hotaa|" __ "bacapana, yuvA evaM praur3ha avasthA meM eka hI AtmA dravya hai mAtra avasthAgata parivartana se AtmA nahIM badalatA, vaise hI paryAya pariNamana to hotA hai para dravya nitya (anAzavAna) hI hai|" dravya ke traikAlika hone meM kAraNa hai, kyoMki jisakA utpAda hotA hai vinAza bhI usI kA hotA hai| dravya to na kisI kA utpAda hai aura na usakA vyaya hotA hai| vahI janmatA aura vahI maratA hai arthAta mAtra usameM paryAya pariNamana hotA hai, sarvathA nAza nhiiN| isa prakAra kA ekatva tabhI saMbhava hai jaba koI utpatti aura vyaya hote hue bhI dhruva ho| utpatti aura vinAza meM nitya rahane vAlA ekatva bhI do prakAra kA hai, mukhya aura upcrit| AtmA Adi meM to mukhya ekatva hotA hai jaise jo AtmA naraka meM thI vahI aba manuSya hai; jo AtmA bacapana meM thI vahI javAnI aura bur3hApe meM hai ityAdi meM mukhya ekatva jJAna hai aura sAdRzya yukta vastu meM upacarita ekatva hotA hai, jaise kATane ke bAda punaH utpanna hue nakha aura kesh|" pariNamana astitva kI anivAryatA hai:- pariNamana karanA astitva kA svabhAva hai| jisameM pratikSaNa pariNamana kI kSamatA nahIM hotI vaha apanI sattA sthAyI nahIM rakha sktaa| yaha astitva gata pariNamanazIlatA Aropita nahIM hai| dravya kA svayaM kA svabhAva hai ki vaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta ho|' svabhAva meM sthiti 1. atra cAtmazabdenAnaMteSvapi-dravyaM dhvanitam syAdvAda. 22.203 2. kyAre koI... kemAM bhale tapAma Atmasiddhi 70. 3. AtmA dravye nitya ekane thAya A. si. 68. 4. A. si. 66. 5. so ceva jAdi-pajjAo pa.kA. 18. 6. dvividhaM (hyekatvaM mukhyamupacaritaM-sAdRzye tadupacaritamiti aSTasa. 161. 7. pra.sA. 95.96. 31 ___ 2010_03

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kA nAma hI sat hai aura utpAda-vyaya-dhovya yukta honA yaha padArtha kA svabhAva hai|' sabhI padArtha pratikSaNa pariNamana ke pravAha se gujarate haiN| jo sthiti prathama samaya meM thI vaha dUsare samaya meM nahIM hogI, paraMtu pariNamana ke kAraNa sarvathA navInatA bhI nahIM aatii| paryAya dRSTi se vastu kI utpatti aura vinAza dekhe jAte haiM, kyoMki paryAyoM kA pariNamana nirbAdha rUpa se hamAre anubhava meM AtA hai|' utpAdita ko paraspara nirapekSa hI mAna liyA jAye to unakI kalpanA AkAzakusuma kI taraha thothI hogii| ataH utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNamana sApekSa hai| isa pariNamana kA koI apavAda nahIM hai, kyoMki pariNamana ke kAraNa hI puNya, pApa, paraloka gamana, sukhAdiphala, baMdha aura mukti saMbhava haiN| "jIva dravya manuSya rUpa se naSTa huA aura deva ke rUpa meM paidA huA", yahI pariNamana hai| agara pariNamana svabhAva nahIM ho, to kyA sRSTi meM parivartana najara AtA? sRSTi ke parivartana kA kAraNa hI sat kA utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNamana hai jise zAstrIya bhASA meM arthakriyA bhI kahate haiN| paryAya pariNamana ke kAraNa hI UrjA meM vRddhi evaM hAni hotI hai| sabhI padArthoM meM nAnA prakAra kI zakti hai, aura ve padArtha dravya-kSetrakAla-bhAva ke anusAra pariNamana karate haiM aura unakI isa pariNamana kI kriyA meM koI bAdhaka nahIM bana sktaa| jisa prakAra bhavyatva zakti se yukta jIva kAla labdhi ko prAptakara mukti ko prApta kara letA hai usameM koI bAdhaka nahIM bana sktaa| . suprasiddha vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ke pahale yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki dravya ko zakti rUpa meM aura zakti ko dravya rUpa meM nahIM badalA jA sakatA, paraMtu AiMsTIna ne isa dhAraNA ko khaMDita kara diyaa| yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki 1. pra.sA. 99. 2. sarvavyaktiSu niyataM...vyavasthAnAt...uddhRteyam, anekAMtavAda pra.pR. 51. 3. dravyAtmanA sarvasya vastuna-paryAyAnusabhAvAt, SaD. samu. TI. 57.357 4. utpAda: kevalI pratiphtavyau aSTasa. pR. 211. puNyapApa! na teSAM A.mI. 3.40 5. maNusattaNeNa-idaro vA paM. kA. 17. 6. "kAmAi laddhi juttA-have kAlI" kA.pre. 10.219 ___32 ___ 2010_03

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dravya aura zakti bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM; eka hI vastu ke rUpAMtaraNa haiN| eka pauMDa koyale se zakti ke rUpa meM do kilovATa kI vidyuta zakti ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| cUMki vaijJAnika parIkSaNa pudgala taka hI sImita haiM, ataH pudgala kI zakti ko mApA jAtA hai, paraMtu dravya cAhe pudgala ho yA jIva, sabhI anaMta zakti saMpanna hai aura isI kAraNa usakA traikAlika astitva hai| pariNamana kA artha hai avasthAMtara honaa| koI vyakti eka sthAna se prayANa kara anya sthAna para phuNcaa| sthAna kA parivartana to huA, paraMtu vyakti meM parivartana nahIM haa| dravya kA pariNamana bhI aisA hI hai| sarvathA utpAda yA vinAza na hokara mAtra avasthA kA parivartana hai|' kUTastha nityavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki padArtha sarvathA nitya hote haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiM "sarvaM nityaM stvaat"| unake anusAra kSaNika padArthoM meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki kSaNika padArtha eka kSaNa ke bAda dUsare kSaNa meM sthira nahIM rhte| jabaki bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai ki "saMpUrNa padArtha kSaNika haiM kyoMki ve sat haiM-"sarvaM kSaNikaM stvaat|" nitya pakSa meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| arthakriyA ke liye pUrva svabhAva kA vinAza aura uttarakAlIna svabhAva kA padArtha ke prayojana bhUta kArya ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai jo ki nitya tatva meM saMbhava nahIM hai|' jaina darzana ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA khaMDana karatA hai| usake anusAra "jo doSa nitya ekAMtavAda meM hai, vahI doSa sarvathA kSaNikavAda meM hai|" __ sarvathA nitya ekAMtavAda meM sukha, duHkha, puNya, pApa, baMdha aura mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| __ apracyuta, anutpanna, sthira aura eka rUpa ko nitya kahate haiN| yadi AtmA apanI kAraNasAmagrI se sukha ko chor3akara duHkha kA upabhoga karane lage to apane nitya aura eka svabhAva ke tyAga ke kAraNa AtmA ko anitya mAnanA 1. pariNAmastadvidAmiSTa: uddhRteyam syAdvAda. 239 2. syAdvAdamaM 26.233.34. 3. anyayogavya. 26. 4. naikAMtavAde sukhaduHkhabhoge...baMdhamokSau" anyayo. 27. 33 2010_03

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pdd'egaa|' ataH ekAMtavAda meM arthakriyA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| isI prakAra kSaNikavAda meM bhI artha kriyA saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki vahA~ hiMsA kA saMkalpa karane vAlA alaga hai, hiMsA karane vAlA koI dUsarA hai aura hiMsA kA pariNAma bhogane vAlA koI tIsarA hI hai| hama hiMsaka kise kaheM? kyoMki kSaNikavAda ke anusAra hiMsA karane vAlA hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| usakA astitva to dUsare kSaNa hI vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra padArthoM kA niranvaya vinAza mAnane se eka ko kartA aura dUsare ko bhoktA mAnanA pdd'egaa| isakA samAdhAna kSaNikavAdiyoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai- "jisa prakAra kapAsa ke bIja meM lAla raMga lagAne se bIja kA raMga bhI lAla ho jAtA hai usI prakAra avasthA saMtAna meM karmavAsanA kA phala milatA hai|" paraMtu jaina darzana isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana karatA hai| eka kSaNavartI vastu ko dUsare kSaNa se jor3ane vAlA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| donoM kSaNoM ko paraspara jor3ane vAle ke abhAva meM donoM kA saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM hai| donoM ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I caahiye| jaina darzana meM bauddhoM jaisA utpAda aura vinAza bhI hai aura sAtha hI donoM ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I jo dhruva kahalAtI hai, bhI vidyamAna hai| jaina darzana ke 'dhruva' kI kUTastha nitya brahmavAdiyoM ke nitya se evaM bauddhoM ke anitya se samAnatA hai, paraMtu yaha samAnatA kathaMcit hI hai sarvathA nahIM, kyoMki jaina darzana padArtha ko kathaMcit nitya evaM kathaMcit anitya mAnatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dIpaka se lekara AkAza taka ke sAre padArtha nityAnitya svabhAva yukta haiN| vaizeSika kucha padArthoM ko nitya aura kucha padArthoM ko anitya mAnate haiN| ataH ve ardha bauddha bhI kahe jAte haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne ardhabauddha kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai| UrdhvatA evaM tiryagaMza kI apekSA dravyaH-abheda dRSTikoNa ko sAmAnya evaM 1. syAdvAda. 27.236 2. hinastyanabhisaMdhAtR-cittaM baddhaM na mucyate" A.mI. 3.51 3. yasminneva hi santAne-raktatA ythaa| udadhRteyam syAdvAda 27.238 4. anyayogavya.5. 5. pro. e.bI. dhruvaH syAdvAdamaMjarI pR. 54. 34 2010_03

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bhedagrAhI dRSTikoNa ko vizeSa kahate haiM, inheM naya kI bhASA meM kramazaH dravyAstika aura paryAyAstika kahate haiN| jagata ke sabhI padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hote haiN| sAmAnya ko anuvRtta evaM vizeSa ko vyAvRtta bhI kahate haiN| pratyeka vastu meM sat Adi rUpa kI samAnatA hone se anuvRtti evaM visadRzatA hone ke kAraNa vyAvRtti rUpa jJAna kA hetu pAyA jAtA hai| pUrva paryAya kA vyaya aura navIna paryAya kA utpAda, ina donoM avasthAoM meM dravyatva kI sthiti avicchinna rUpa se rahane se ise nitya pariNAmI kahate haiM, aura isa svabhAva meM hI arthakriyA saMbhava hai| sAmAnya ke do bheda haiM- tiryak sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA saamaany| samAna pariNAma ko tiryak sAmAnya evaM pUrva va uttara paryAya meM rahane vAle ko UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiN| UrdhvatA sAmAnya apanI kAlakrama se hone vAlI kramika paryAyoM meM Upara se nIce taka vyApta rahatA hai, sAtha hI sahabhAvI guNoM ko bhI vyApta karatA hai| tiryak sAmAnya tirachA calatA hai| aneka svataMtrasattAka manuSyoM meM sAdRzyamUlaka jAti kI apekSA manuSyatva kI sAmAnya kalpanA tiryak sAmAnya kahalAtI hai|' pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM bhI lagabhaga isI se milatI-julatI vyAkhyA hai| vastu UrdhvatAsAmAnyarUpa dravya meM, sahabhAvI vizeSa svarUpa guNoM meM evaM kramabhAvIvizeSa svarUpa paryAyoM meM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyamaya hai|* jitane bhI padArtha isa sRSTi meM hai, ve saba sAmAnya samudAyAtmaka (guNasamudAyAtmaka) aura AyAtasAmAnya samudAyAtmaka (paryAyasamudAyAtmaka) dravya se racita hone ke kAraNa dravyamaya haiN|' utpAdAdi bhinna bhI abhinna bhIH-dravya ko hama trilakSaNayukta siddha kara Aye 1. anuvRttavyAvRtapratyayagocaratvAt pUrvottarAkAraparihArAvApti-sthiti-lakSaNapariNAmenArthakriyopapatezca. aSTasa. pR. 162. 2. sadRzapariNAmastiryakkhaNDamuNDAdiSu gotvavat evaM parAparavivartavyApi dravyamUrdhvatA mRdiva sthAsAdiSu. aSTasa. pR. 164 3. paM. mahendrakumAramajI: jaina darzana pR. 481 4. vastu punaruva'tAsAmAnyalakSaNe...nivartitanivRttimacca pra.sA.ta.pra. 10. 5. iha khalu yaH kazcana paricchidyamAna...nittatvAdravyamaya: pra.sA.pra. 93. 35 2010_03

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haiN| yahA~ yaha jijJAsA honA svAbhAvika hai ki dravya ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya paraspara bhinna haiM yA abhinna? dArzanikoM ne isa prazna kI gaMbhIratA ko samajhA aura apanI painI pratibhA se isa prazna ko nimna prakAra se samAhita kiyaa| jaina dArzanika syAdvAda kI nIMva para hI samasta jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna khojate haiN| unake dRSTikoNa meM ekAMtavAda mithyA hai| ataH unhoMne vastu ke svarUpa ko bhI kathaMcit bhinna evaM kathaMcit abhinna kahA hai| sat ko trilakSaNAtmaka khaa| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki inameM paraspara bhinnatA hai| paraMtu ye eka vastu ke utpAda-vyaya ko dUsarI vastu meM lekara nahIM jA sakate, ataH abhinnatA hai| jaise rUpa, rasa Adi ke lakSaNa alaga haiM, ataH inameM bheda hai, paraMtu ye paraspara meM sApekSa hai, ata: abhinna bhI haiN| ___ na to utpAda svataMtra hai aura na pdaarth| isa prakAra eka hI dravya meM bheda aura abheda, donoM pAye jAte haiN| jo guNa hai vaha utpAda nahIM, jo utpAda hai vaha paryAya nahIM, ina tInoM kA saMyukta svarUpa hI astitva kA sUcaka hai. aura pramANa kA viSaya hone se bheda, abheda donoM hI vAstavika haiM, kAlpanika nhiiN| gauNa aura pradhAna kI apekSA se bheda aura abheda donoM avirodhI haiN|' prakhyAta dArzanika saMta zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya ne pravacana sAra meM "utpAda ke abhAva meM vyaya nahIM hotA aura vyaya ke abhAva meM utpAda nahIM hotA hai| utpAda aura vyaya, donoM hI dhauvya ke hI Azrita haiM" kahakara bhinnatA aura abhinnatA svIkAra kI hai|' Age isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paryAyoM meM aura paryAyeM niyama se dravyAzrita hotI hai| dravya svayaM hI guNAMtara rUpa se pariNamita hotA hai| dravya kI sattA guNaparyAyoM kI sattA ke sAtha abhinna hai, ataH guNaparyAya hI dravya hai| TIkAkAra amRtacaMdrAcArya ne ise vRkSa ke udAharaNa dvArA aura adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| 1. nanUsAdAdayaH parasparaM bhidyate-anyonyApekSANAmutpAdAdInAM vastUni satvaM pratipatuttavyaM SaDda. samu.TI. 57.258 2. pramANagocarau saMtau-guNamukhyavivakSayA A.mI. 2.36 3. Na bhadi bhaMgavihINo...dhobveNa alpeNa pra.sA. 100. 4. upAdaTThidibhaMgA-davvaM vadi savvaM pra.sA. 101. 5. pariNamadi sayaM davaM...dabamevatti pra.sA. 10.4 evaM guNaparyaya bat dravyam ta.sU. 5.37 36 2010_03

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"jisa prakAra aMzIvRkSa ke bIja, aMkura, vRkSatva svarUpa tIna aMza eka sAtha dikhAyI dete haiM, vaise hI dravya ke vyaya, utpAda aura dhrauvya svarUpa nijadharmoM ke dvArA avalaMbita eka sAtha hI pratIta hote haiN| agara dravya ko utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se bhinna mAnA jAye to sarvatra viplava ho jaayegaa| yadi dravya kA vyaya hI mAneM to sArA saMsAra zUnya ho jaayegaa| agara dravya kA utpAda hI mAne to dravya meM anaMtatA A jaayegii| agara dravya ko dhauvya hI mAne to bhAvoM kA abhAva hone se kramazaH dravya kA abhAva ho jaayegaa|' jo guNa haiM ve dravya nahIM hai aura jo dravya haiM ve guNa nahIM hai| ataH dravya aura guNa bhinna hai| utpAda vyaya rUpa bheda padArthoM kA dharma hai, vaha dharma padArthoM se kathaMcit bhinna hai kathaMcit abhinna hai| dharma aura dharmI meM sarvathA bheda yA sarvathA abheda nahIM pAyA jaataa|' eka hI vyakti meM saMbaMdhoM kI bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai, jaise eka hI vyakti pitA, putra, bhAnajA, aura bhAI Adi saMbaMdhoM se jJApita hotA hai| saMbaMdhoM kI bhinnatA ne vyakti ko bhinna-bhinna nahIM banAyA, usI prakAra indriyagrAhya rUpa, rasa Adi paryAyoM meM dravya kA ekatva avagata hotA hai| vaizeSika dravya aura guNa ko bhinna padArthoM ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dete haiN| bhinna mAnyatA meM kina doSoM ke Agamana kA dvAra khulatA hai, jaina dArzanika ise spaSTa karate haiN| yadi dravya kA lakSaNa sthiti aura guNa kA lakSaNa utpatti kA vinAza mAna leM to ye lakSaNa kramazaH dravya evaM guNa meM hI ghaTita hoMge na ki saMpUrNa sat meN| dravya se bhinna guNa yA to mUrta hoMge yA amuurt| agara guNoM ko indriyagrAhya aura mUrta mAneMge to paramANu nahIM raheMge, kyoMki paramANu atIndriya hote haiN| agara amUrta hoMge to indriyagrAhya nahIM rheNge|' yahA~ yaha zaMkA svAbhAvika hai ki jaba utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM paraspara bhinna haiM to inheM trayAtmaka rUpa vastu nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura abhinna 1. yathA kilAzinaH pAdapasya bIjAGgurapAdapatva...dravyasyAbhAvaH pra.sA.ta.pra.pR. 1011 2. yaddavyaM bhavati na tadguNA bhavanti...na dravyaM bhavatIti pra.sA.ta. pra.pR. 130. 3. bhedo hi padArthAnAM dharma...bhinnobhinnazca syAdvAdaralA. 1.16.203. 4. piuputtaNatubhabvaya...visesaNaM lahai sa.ta. 3.17.18 5. dabbassa ThiI jamma...amuttesu aggahaNaM sa.ta. 3.23.24 37 ___ 2010_03

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haiM to inheM tIna rUpa na mAnakara eka rUpa mAnanA caahie|' utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya, ina tInoM kI pratIti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| ise samaMtabhadra ne isa prakAra samajhAyA hai-svarNa ghaTa kA icchuka mAnava svarNa se mukuTa banate samaya duHkhI hotA hai aura mukuTa kA icchuka prasanna ; paraMtu svarNapriya to donoM hI sthiti meM taTastha rahatA hai| dahI nahIM khAne kA saMkalpa karane vAlA dUdha legA aura jisane dudha nahIM lene kA saMkalpa liyA hai vaha dahI legA; paraMtu jisane gorasa nahIM khAne kA saMkalpa liyA hai vaha na dUdha legA aura na dhii|' dravya aura paryAya meM kathaMcit abheda hai, kyoMki una donoM meM avyatireka pAyA jAtA hai| dravya aura paryAya kathaMcit bhinna bhI hai, kyoMki dravya aura paryAyoM meM pariNAma kA bheda hai| dravya meM anAdi aura anaMta rUpa se pariNamana kA pravAha hai jabaki paryAyoM kA pariNamana sAdi aura sAMta hai| dravya zaktimAn hai| paryAya zaktirUpa eka kI dravya saMjJA hai dUsare kI paryAya sNjnyaa| dravya eka hai, paryAyeM anek| dravya kA lakSaNa alaga hai, paryAya kA lakSaNa alaga hai| prayojana bhI donoM ke bhinna haiM, kyoMki dravya anvayajJAnAdi karAtA hai jabaki paryAya vyatireka jJAna karAtA hai| dravya trikAlagocara hai jabaki paryAya vrtmaangocr| ina nAnA kAraNoM aura lakSaNoM se dravya kI bhinnatA bhI hai aura abhinnatA bhii|' dravya guNa nahIM hai aura guNa dravya nhiiN|' dravya meM aikAMtika pratipAdana ke dUSaNaH-prakhyAta dArzanika evaM tArkika AcArya samaMtabhadra ekAMtavAda meM Ane vAle dUSaNoM kA AptamImAMsA meM vizada vizleSaNa karate haiN| bauddha darzana kI zAkhA zUnyavAda ke anusAra eka mAtra abhAva hI pramANa hai| unake anusAra abhAva hI satya hai, bhAva to svapnajJAna kI taraha mithyA hai| svapna kA jJAna anekoM kI apekSA svapnadarzI ko hI hotA hai aura vaha svapna taka hI sImita hotA hai| jagata kA jJAna anekoM ko hotA hai, adhika 1. yadyutpAdAdayo...kathamekaM trayAtmakam syAdvAdama. meM uddhRta 21.199 2. ghaTamaulIsuvarNArthI...sahetukam A.mI. 3.56 3. payovratI na dadhyati...trayAtmakam 3.60 4. dravyaparyAyayorevayaM...nAnAtvaM na sarvathA A.mI. 4.71.72 5. pra.sA. 108. 38 2010_03

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sthAyI hotA hai, para hai donoM mithyA / jaina darzana ke anusAra, bhAva kI sattA nahIM mAnane vAle mata meM iSTa tatva kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| na to vahA~ bodha pramANa hai na hI vAkya / pramANa ke abhAva meM svamata kI siddhi aura paramata kA khaNDana saMbhava nahIM hai / ' mImAMsaka sarvathA bhAvAbhAvAtmaka rUpa vastu ko mAnate haiM, paraMtu yaha bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi bhAva aura abhAva donoM ekarUpa haiM, to yA to bhAva rahegA yA abhaav| sAMkhya ke mata meM vyakta aura avyakta donoM kA tAdAtmya hai| mahat Adi kA prakRti meM tirobhAva ho jAtA hai phira bhI inakA sadbhAva banA rahatA hai| vyakta aura avyakta sarvathA ekarUpa haiM to donoM meM eka hI zeSa rahegA / bauddha tatva ko sarvathA avAcya batAte haiM, paraMtu avAcya kahane vAlA avAcya kA prayoktA nahIM ho sakatA / " "syAdvAdavirodhI matoM meM bhAva aura abhAva kA nirapekSa astitva saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM ko ekAtma mAnane meM virodha hai| yahA~ to avAcyaikAMta bhI nahIM banatA, kyoMki "yaha avAcya hai" aise zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM ho sktaa| 'padArthoM kA sarvathA sadbhAva hI hai,' agara aisA mAneM to samasta padArtha anAdi anaMta aura svarUpa rahita ho jaayeNge|' abhAva cAra prakAra kA hai- prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyNtaabhaav| vastu kI utpatti ke pUrva ko prAgabhAva kahate haiN| padArtha ke nAza ke bAda ke abhAva ko pradhvaMsAbhAva kahate haiN| eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se sApekSa abhAva ko anyonyAbhAva kahate haiN| eka padArtha ke dUsare padArtha meM zAzvata abhAva ko atyaMtAbhAva kahate haiN| sAMkhya padArthoM kA sarvathA sadbhAva mAnate haiM, prAgabhAva nhiiN| aura prAgabhAva na mAnane se mahat Adi anAdi ho jAyeMge, phira prakRti se mahadAdi kI 1. abhAvaikAMtapakSepi... sAdhanadUSaNam 1.12. 2. AptamI. tatvadIpikA TIkA 1.13.129.31. 3. virodhAnobhayai... yujyate A.mI. 1.13 4. bhAvaikAnte padArthAnAM... matApakam A.mI. 1.9 2010_03 39

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utpatti batAnA vyartha hai, jabaki ve prakRti se hI utpatti batAte haiN|' sAMkhya puruSa aura prakRti meM atyaMtAbhAva nahIM mAnate taba, to prakRti aura puruSa meM bheda' vyartha ho jaayegaa| cArvAka prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAva, donoM ko nahIM maantaa| vaha bhUtoM se sarvathA navIna utpatti aura unake viyoga ko sarvathA vinAza mAnatA hai| mImAMsaka bhI zabda ko sarvathA nitya mAnate haiN| yadi zabda meM prAgabhAva ko na mAnakara nitya mAnA jAye to puruSa ke tAlu Adi prayala ko kyA mAnA jAyegA? sAMkhya ke anusAra padArtha evaM mImAMsaka ke anusAra zabda mAtra abhivyakta hote haiM, unakI utpatti nahIM hotI, kAraNoM ke dvArA avidyamAna vastu kI utpatti hotI hai| kisI AvaraNa se DhakI huI vastu ke kisI anya kAraNa se prakaTa hone ko abhivyakti kahate haiM, jaise aMdhere meM koI vastu hai para dikhAI nahIM de rahI hai, vahI dIpaka ke prakAza se dikhane lagatI hai, yahI abhivyakti hai| paraMtu prAgabhAva kA nirAkaraNa karane ke kAraNa ghaTa Adi kAryadravya anAdi ho jAyeMge aura pradhvaMsAbhAva ko na mAnane ke kAraNa kAryadravya anaMta ho jaayeNge|' dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane para "yaha dharmI hai, ye isa dharmI ke dharma haiM aura yaha dharma aura dharmI meM saMbaMdha karAne vAlA samavAya hai" isa prakAra tIna bAtoM kA alaga-alaga jJAna prApta nahIM hotaa| yadi kaho ki samavAya saMbaMdha se paraspara bhinna dharma aura dharmI kA saMbaMdha hotA hai to bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jaise dharma aura dharmI kA jJAna hotA hai vaise samavAya kA nahIM hotaa| agara yaha kaheM ki eka samavAya ko mukhya mAnakara samavAya meM samavAyatva ko gauNa mAneMge, to yaha kAlpanika mAtra hai tathA isameM lokavirodha bhI hai| kArya kI ekAMta nityatA meM puNya, pApa, paraloka gamana Adi saba asaMbhava ho jaayeNge|' 1. sAMsyakArikA 22. 2. vahI 11 3. kAryadravyamanAdi...anaMtatAM vrajeta A.mI. 1.10 4. na na dharmadharmitva...lokabAdha: anyayo. vya. 7. 5. puNyapApAkriyA...teSAM na A.mI. 3.40 40 2010_03

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kSaNikaikAMta meM "yaha vahI hai" isa prakAra kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM rahegA aura taba kArya kA AraMbha bhI saMbhava nahIM hogaa| jaba kArya kA AraMbha hI nahIM hogA to usakA phala kaise saMbhava hai|' kSaNika pakSa meM kAryakAraNabhAva bhI nahIM bana sakatA, kArya rUpa saMtAna kAraNa se sarvathA pRthak hai (bauddha pratyeka padArtha ko saMtAna mAnate haiN)| mAtra kArya ko asat mAna leM to AkAzapuSpa kI taraha usakI utpatti hI nahIM hai|' ina sabhI ekAMtavAdoM kA khaMDana karake jaina darzana vastu kA svarUpa virodhI yugaloM dvArA pratipAdita karatA hai| utpAda kyA haiH-hamane dravya ko trilakSaNAtmaka siddha kiyA; paraMtu jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki utpAda kyA hai? kisakA utpAda hotA hai? granthakAra yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki "apanI-apanI jAti ko na chor3ate hue bAhya aura AMtarika donoM nimittoM ko pAkara cetana aura acetana dravya kA anya paryAya meM parivartita honA utpAda hai|' pUrvakAla meM asat kA uttarakAla meM sattAlAbha utpAda nahIM hai, apitu ananubhUta kA uttarakAla meM prAdurbhAva hI utpAda hai|' vinAza kyA haiH-apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA pUrva paryAya kA nAza honA vinAza yA vyaya hai, jaise piNDarUpa AkRti kA naSTa honaa|' utpAda-vyaya kI isa pravAha paramparA meM sthAyitA na to naSTa hotI hai aura na utpnn| dravya kI eka paryAya kA vyaya hotA hai aura dUsarI paryAya kA utpAda, paraMtu dravya dhruva banA rahatA hai|' utpAda aura vyaya yukta paryAya, guNa aura dhauvya yukta sat (dravya) kA 1. kSaNikaikAMtapakSepi ..kutaH phalam A.mI. 3.41 2. na hetRphalabhAvA...pRthak A.mI. 3.43 3. yadyasat sarvathA...khapuNavat A.mI. 3.42 4. cetanasyAcetanasya vA dravyasya...ghaTaparyAyavat sa.si. 5.30 584 5. utpAdo bhUtabhavanaM. zAstravArtA. 7.12 6. tathA pUrvabhAva vigamanaM vyayaH yathA ghaTautsattau piNDAkRteH sa.si. 5.30. 584. vinAzastadviparyayaH. zAstravArtA. 7.12 evaM ta.vA. 5.30 7. pra.sA. 103. 41 ___ 2010_03

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hI astitva hai| utpAda, vyaya yA paryAya dravya rUpa sthAyI dharma ke dharmI haiN| na to dharma dharmI se vibhakta hotA hai aura na dharmI dharma kA parityAga karate haiN| dharma aura dharmI kI bhinnatA pramANa grAhya nahIM hai| dharmadharmyAtmaka vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya hai / ' n dharma aura dharmI kI sattA kathaMcit sApekSa evaM kathaMcit nirapekSa hai| dravya-guNa- paryAya meM ekAMta bheda nahIM hai: - nyAyavaizeSika dravya aura guNa ko sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiN| agara dravya aura guNa ko sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAye to jaina darzana ke mata meM yA to dravya kI anaMtatA hogI yA abhaav| vyapadeza, saMsthAna, saMkhyA aura viSaya to anekoM haiM, aura ve saba dravya aura guNa kI abhinnatA meM hI saMbhava hai|" dravya ke nAza hone kI AzaMkA isalie hai ki guNa dravyAzrita hI hote haiN| agara guNa dravya se bhinna hogA to guNa kisI aura kA Azrita hogA, aura vaha bhI yadi dravya se bhinna hogA taba to dravya meM anaMtatA AyegI, kyoMki guNa jisakA bhI Azrita hogA vaha dravya hI hogA / dharma aura dharmI ( dravya aura guNa) ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane se vizeSya vizeSaNa bhAva bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / " guNoM ko usake AzrayabhUta dravya se bhinna mAnane para guNa nirAzraya ho jAyeMge evaM guNa se pRthak rahane vAlA dravya bhI niHsvarUpa hone se kalpanAmAtra banakara raha jAyegA / ' vaizeSika dizA, kAla aura AkAza ko kriyAvAle dravyoM se vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa niSkriya mAnate haiN| karma aura guNa ko bhI ve niSkriya hI mAnate haiN|' agara inheM niSkriya mAneM to "guNasandrAvo dravyam"" yaha lakSaNa kaise siddha hogA? ekAMtavAdiyoM ke mata meM to " dravyaM bhavye" yaha lakSaNa bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| jaba dravya hI asiddha hai to usameM bhavya ( hone vAle) kI kalpanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? guNa, karma aura sAmAnya se jaba dravya sarvathA bhinna hai to kharaviSANaguNa 1. SaDdarzanasamuccayaTIkA 57.36.3 2. jadi havadi madavvabhaNNaM... pakuvvaMti, vavadesA saMThANA...vijjaMte paM.kA. 44, 46. 3. dravyasya guNebhyo bhede... dravyAnaMtyam paM.kA.TI 44. 4. sa. ma. 4.17.18 5. yadi guNA eva dravyAbhAvi... nirAdhAratvAd... kalpanA dravyasya syAt rA.vA. 9.2.9.439 6. dikkAlAvakAzaza: ...niSkriyAH vai.da. 5.2.21, 22. 7. pAtaMjala mahAbhASya 5.1.119. 2010_03 42

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kI taraha asat hone se bhavana kriyA kA kartA nahIM ho sktaa|' asata hone ke kAraNa usameM samavAya saMbaMdha ke kAraNa svarUpa kalpanA bhI nahIM hogii| "anekAMtavAda arthAt bhinna-bhinna svabhAva meM hI guNa sandrAvo evaM dravyaMbhavye donoM lakSaNa siddha hote haiN| vaizeSika dharma aura dharmI ko samavAya saMbaMdha se jor3ate haiN| yaha samavAya dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura vizeSa padArthoM meM rahatA hai| samavAya saMbaMdha ke kAraNa hI sarvathA bhinna dharma aura dharmI meM dharma-dharmI kA vyavahAra hotA hai|' jaina darzana meM sat aura dravya paryAyavAcI haiM, jabaki vaizeSika sattA aura dravya ko alaga-alaga mAnatA hai, kyoMki vaha pratyeka dravya meM (Adheya rUpa se) pAyI jAtI hai| jaise dravyatva nau dravyoM meM se pratyeka meM rahatA hai| ataH dravyatva ko dravya nahIM kahA jAtA, paraMtu sAmAnya vizeSarUpa (dravya) kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha sattA bhI pratyeka dravya meM rahane ke kAraNa dravya nahIM apitu sAmAnya kahI jAtI hai| jaina darzana dravya ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka mAnatA hai, jabaki vaizeSika darzana dravyAdi se vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa 'vizeSa' ko padArthAntara mAnatA hai| prazastapAda ke anusAra antya meM hone ke kAraNa ve (vizeSa) antya haiM tathA Azraya ke niyAmaka hai ataH vizeSa hai| ye vizeSa nityadravyoM meM rahate haiN|' sAmAnya ko bhI vaizeSika loga sattA se bhinna padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| yaha sAmAnya nitya aura vyApaka hai| sAmAnya ke do bheda haiM-para aura apr|' sAmAnya dravya, guNa aura karma-ina tIna padArthoM meM rahatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ke sarvathA bhedabhAva kA khaMDana karate hue AcArya samaMtabhadra kahate haiM ki 'guNa aura guNI meM, kArya aura kAraNa meM tathA sAmAnya aura 1. dravyaM bhavye ityayamapi dravyazabda: ekAMtavAdinA...anekAMtavAdinastu 'guNa sandrAvo dravyam, dravyaM bhavye' iti ___ copapadyate rA.vA. 5.2.11.441.1.9 2. ghaTAdInAM kapAlAdI dravyeSu gunnkrmnnoH| teSu jAtezca saMbaMdha: samavAyaH prkiirtitH| kArikAvalI kA. 12, muktAvalI pR. 23. 3. dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sttaa| vai.sU. 1.2.4 4. syAdvAdamaMjarI pRSTha 49. 5. anteSu bhavA antyAH svAzrayavizeSakalAda vizeSAH prazastapAdabhASya vizeSa prakaraNa pR. 168. 6. antyo nityadravyavRtti: vizeSaH prikiirtitH| kA. 10. 7. sAmAnyaM dvividhaM prokta...parAparatayo ucyate kA. 8.9 43 ___ 2010_03

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vizeSa meM sarvathA bheda mAnanA anupayukta hai|' dravya guNa aura paryAya meM ekAMta abheda bhI nahIM hai:-guNa aura guNI meM sarvathA abheda mAnane para yA to guNa raheMge yA guNI, taba donoM kA vyapadeza saMbhava nahIM hogaa|' akele guNI ke yA guNa ke rahane para yadi guNI rahatA hai to guNa kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha niHsvabhAvI hokara apanA bhI vinAza kara baiThegA aura yadi guNa rahatA hai to vaha nirAzraya hokara kahA~ Azraya legaa|' brahmAdvaitavAdI saMpUrNata: abheda ko hI svIkAra karate haiN| upaniSadoM meM aise anekoM vAkya Ate haiM jo mAtra brahma kI hI sattA ko sthApita karate haiN| cetana-acetana samasta sRSTi ke tatva mAtra usa brahma ke pratibhAsamAtra haiN| jisa prakAra timira rogI ko vizuddha AkAza bhI citra vicitra rekhAoM se khacita dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra avidyA yA mAyA ke kAraNa eka hI brahma aneka prakAra ke deza kAla aura AkAra ke bhedoM se citra vicitra pratibhAsita hotA hai| vastutaH jo bhI sRSTi meM thA, hai aura rahegA, vaha saba brahma hai|' yahI brahma saMpUrNa sRSTi kI utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza kA usI prakAra kAraNa hai jisa prakAra makaDI apane jAla ke prti|' sRSTi meM ekamAtra brahma hI satya hai, anya saba kucha mithyA hai- "brahma satyaM jaganmithyA" yaha upaniSada kI prasiddha ukti hai, to kyA AtmazravaNa, manana aura dhyAna, jise ve Atmazuddhi kA aura amRta kI prApti kA mAdhyama mAnate haiM, vaha bhI mithyA hai yA avidyAtmaka hai? vedAMtI isakA bhI samAdhAna karate haiM aura kahate haiM "bhedarUpa hone se ye bhI avidyAtmaka haiM, paraMtu inase cU~ki vidyA kI utpatti saMbhava hai| jaise dhUla yukta pAnI ko svayaM dhUlamaya hote hue bhI kataka ke phala kA cUrNa svaccha kara detA hai; jahara ko jahara samApta kara detA hai, usI prakAra zravaNa Adi bhedarUpa avidyA bhI moha, rAga, dveSa Adi mUla avidyA ko naSTakara svagatabheda kI zAMti se nirvikalpa svarUpa ko prApta 1. kArya kAraNa naanaatvN...ydiissyte| A.mI. 6.61. 2. ekAMtAnanyatve hi guNA eva vA syuH rA.vA. 5.2.9.439 3. yadi guNA eva dravyAbhAve nirAdhAratvAdabhAvaH syaat| rA.vA. 5.2.9.439 4. sarvaM khalvidaM brahma chAndogya upa. 3.1.14 5. yathA vizuddhamAkAzaM timirApluto janaH saMkIrNamiva rekhAmAbhizcitrAbhiraviminyate tathedamamalaM brahma nirvikAramavidyayA kaluSatvamivApannaM bhedarUpaM prapazyati bRhadA. bhA.vA. 3.5.43.44 6. yathorNanAbhaH sRate gRhvItezca.....muNDakopa. 1.1.7 44 2010_03

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hotI hai| saMpUrNa saMsAra brahma kI hI paryAya hai, para loga brahma ko na dekhakara usakI paryAya hI dekhate haiM, jabaki yaha mithyA hai, kyoMki yaha pratIti kA viSaya hai aura jo bhI pratIti ke viSaya haiM, je mithyA haiM jaise sIpa meM caaNdii|' jisa sRSTi ko mAyAmAtra kahakara brahmAdvaitavAdI brahma ko hI sat mAnakara advaita siddha karate haiM, vaha mAyA sat hai yA asat? agara mAyA ko sat mAne to advaita nahIM rahegA aura asat mAne to tInoM lokoM ke padArthoM kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| yadi yaha kaheM ki mAyA mAyA hokara arthakriyA karatI hai, to usI prakAra virodhAbhAsa hogA jaise yaha kahanA ki eka strI mAM hokara bhI bAMjha hai| jaina darzana samanvaya karatA hai:-jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa ApekSika rahA hai| vaha ekAMta se na bheda mAnatA hai aura na abhed| usakI mAnyatA hai-jo dravya hai vaha guNa yA paryAya nahIM aura jo guNa yA paryAya hai vaha dravya nhiiN|' guNa aura guNI se bheda na kareM to dravya kA lakSaNa saMbhava nahIM hai| dvaita ke abhAva meM advaita kI siddhi saMbhava hI nahIM hai|' jaina darzana ke anusAra lakSaNarUpa bheda hone para bhI vastu svarUpa se guNa aura guNI abhinna haiN| yadyapi ye Apasa meM vizeSaNa vizeSya se saMbaMdhita haiM, phira bhI donoM abhinna haiN|' dravya meM guNa-guNI kA bheda prAdezika nahIM hai, apitu atadbhAvika hai| saMjJA kI apekSA bheda avazya pratIta hotA hai, paraMtu sattA kI apekSA donoM meM abheda hai|" 1. yathA payo payontaraM jarayati svayaM ca jIryatiH, yathA viSaM viSAMtaraM zamayati svayaM ca zAmyati, yathA ca katakarajo rajontarAvile payasi prakSiptaM rajontarANi bhiMdata svayamapi bhidyamAnamanAvilaM payaH karoti evaM karma avidyAtmakamapi avidyAntarANi apagamayat svympypgcchtiiti| brahmasU. zA.bhA.bhA. pRSTha 32. 2. sarva vai khalvidaM....tatpazyati kazcana chAndogya u. 14 3. syAdvAdamaMjarI 13.112. 4. mAyA satI ced...vandhyA ca bhaveta pressaam| anyayo. 13. 5. teSAmeva guNAnAM taiH pradezaiH viziSTA bhinna... pra.sA.ta.pra. 130. 6. SaT khaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, 3.1.2.63 7. advaitaM na binA dvaitAdaheturiva.....hetanA. A.mI. 2.27. 8. dravyaM ca lakSyalakSaNa bhAvAdibhya....bhUtameveti maMtavyam. paM.kA.TI. 9. 9. 1.1.14.242 10. pra.sA.ta.pra.vR. 98. 11. dravyaguNAnAmadhyAdezavazAt....maMtavyam. pa.kA.TI. 13. 45 2010_03

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kathaMcit bhedAbheda ke kAraNa hI 'dravya' isa saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| guNa aura dravya paraspara avibhakta rUpa se rahate haiM, ata: abheda hai tathA saMjJA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda hai| jainadarzana kI bhedAbheda kI svIkRti se virodhoM kI samApti svataH hI ho jAtI hai| hameM vastu ke svarUpa ko kathaMcit svIkAra karanA caahiye| advaita ekAMta ko mAnane se usameM kArakoM (kartA, karma, karaNa) kA jo pratyakSasiddha bheda mAnate haiM, usameM virodha AtA hai, kyoMki eka vastu svayaM apane se utpanna nahIM hotii| utpAda vyaya dhrauvya meM kAla kI bhinnatA evaM abhinnatAH-dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda vyaya dhrauvya yukta hai| vastu ke ina lakSaNoM meM kAla kI bhinnatA bhI hai aura abhinnatA bhii| inheM dravya se bhinna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai aura abhinna bhI, kyoMki jo sikur3ane kA samaya hai vaha phailane kA nahIM aura eka apekSA se sikuDane ke aura phailane ke samaya meM bhinnatA bhI nhiiN| jisa prakAra tarAjU ke eka palar3e kA upara jAnA aura dUsare kA nIce AnA eka sAtha hotA hai, usI prakAra utpAda aura vyaya bhI eka kAla meM hI hote haiN| __dravya eka hI kSaNa meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyayukta hotA hai|' pUrva paryAya ke vinAza kA kSaNa hI uttaraparyAya ke utpAda kA kSaNa hai| ataH utpAda aura vinAza samakAlIna haiN| eka apekSA se inameM kAlabheda nahIM hai, kyoMki eka paryAya kI AdikAlIna sImA aura aMtimakAlIna sImA bhinnabhinna haiN| jisa samaya utpAda-vinAza rUpa paryAya parivartana ghaTita hotA hai usa samaya bhI vastu sAmAnyarUpa se vidyamAna rahatI hai| jaise aMgulI eka vastu hai, vaha jaba sIdhI (sarala) hai taba Ter3hI nahIM hai aura jaba Ter3hI hai taba sIdhI nahIM hai| aMgulI meM Ter3hApanarUpa paryAya ke utpAda aura saralatArUpa paryAya ke vinAza kA samaya alaga-alaga nahIM hai; yaha huI eka vastu rUpa aMgulI meM utpAda vinAza rUpa do paryAyoM ke eka sAtha hone / kathaMcid bhedAbhedopapattestadvyapadezasiddhiH . 5.2.529 .2. advaitekAMta.....svasmAt prajAyate. A.mI. 2.24 .3. sanmati tarka 3.36 4. jo AUMcaNa kAlo.....kAlaMtaraMNatthi. sa.ta. 3.36 . 5. nAzotpAdau.....tulAntayoH uddhRta A.mI. 220 pR. me * 6. sabhavedaM khalu davaM....saNNiTTaThehiM pra.sA. 102. 46 2010_03

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kI vyaakhyaa| ___ aba eka paryAya vakratA ko leM to utpAda-vinAza kA kAlabheda spaSTa ho jaayegaa| aMgulI kA Ter3hApana miTA aura vaha sarala banI; yaha aMgulI kI saralatA kA utpAdakAla, amuka samaya taka sarala rahakara vakra banI; yaha saralatA kA vinAzakAla aura saralatA se vakratA taka kI yAtrA ke madhya jo samaya vyatIta huA vaha saralatA kA sthitikAla bnaa|' ise aura spaSTa karane ke lie saMpAdaka yugala ne eka makAna kA udAharaNa bhI diyA hai| jaba makAna nirmANa kI prakriyA se gujaratA hai, taba vaha saMpUrNa makAna kI apekSA to utpadyamAna (adhUrA) hai, paraMtu usake jitane bhAga paripUrNa ho gaye unakI apekSA se use 'bana gayA' kaheMge aura jo banane bAkI haiM, unakI apekSA use kaheMge ki 'bnegaa| utpanna hote dravya ko kaheMge 'ho gayA', nAza ho rahe ko kaheMge 'naSTa ho gayA' isa prakAra kahakara dravya ko trikAlaviSayI banA dete haiN| bhArata meM mukhyarUpa se tIna prakAra kI vicAradhArA pAyI jAtI hai| pariNAmavAdI, saMghAtavAdI, aura aarNbhvaadii| sAMkhya vastu kA mAtra rUpAMtara mAnate haiM, ataH ve pariNAmavAdI; bauddha sthUla ko bhI sUkSma dravyoM kA samUhamAtra mAnate haiM, ataH samUhavAdI; aura vaizeSika anekoM dravyoM ke saMyoga se apUrva navIna vastu yA dravya kI utpatti mAnate haiM, ataH ve AraMbhavAdI kahalAte haiN| jaina darzana na AraMbhavAdI, na saMghAtavAdI aura na hI pariNAmavAdI hai, vaha kathaMcit sabhI ko mAnatA hai| yahA~ saMpAdaka yugala dvArA vivecita evaM siddhasena dvArA nirUpita utpAdAdi meM kAlabhinnatA kArya kI pUrNatA kI dRSTi se hai| prakriyA kI apekSA se to kAla kI abhinnatA hI hai| sabhI dravya svataMtra haiM:-sat svayaM apane pariNamanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa paraspara nimitta-naimittika banakara pratikSaNa parivartita hote rahate haiN| bAhya aura 1. sanmatita. meM saMpAdaka yugala kA vivecana 3.35.37.295, 96. 2. vahI 3 sa.ta. 3.37 47 ___ 2010_03

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AbhyaMtara sAmagrI ke anusAra samasta kArya utpanna hote haiM aura paryAya kI apekSA se vinaSTa bhii| inameM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva banate hai, phira bhI sat svataMtra aura paripUrNa hai| vaha apane guNa-paryAya kA svAmI bhI hai aura AdhAra bhii| eka dravya dUsare dravya meM koI nayA pariNamana nahIM lA sktaa| jaisIjaisI sAmagrI upasthita hotI jAtI hai, kArya-kAraNa niyama ke anusAra dravya svayaM vaisA vaisA pariNata hotA jAtA hai| jisa samaya prabala bAhya sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI, usa samaya dravya svayaM kI prakRti ke anusAra sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA hI hai| eka dravya dUsare meM koI nayA guNotpAda nahIM krtaa| sabhI dravya apane apane svabhAva se utpanna hote haiM arthAt paryAya parivartana karate haiN|' isI taraha pratyeka dravya apanI paripUrNa akhaMDatA aura vyakti svAtaMtrya kI caramaniSThA para apane-apane pariNamana cakra kA svAmI hai| koI dravya dUsare dravya kA niyaMtraka nahIM hai| pratyeka sat kA apane hI guNa aura paryAya para adhikAra hai| sabhI dravya svabhAva meM rahate hue sva dravya kA hI kArya karate haiM, koI dravya anya dravya kA kArya nahIM krtaa| jo guNa jisa dravya meM hote haiM ve usI dravya meM rahate haiM, anyatra saMkramaNa nahIM krte| guNa-paryAya apane hI dravya meM rahate hai| sat svalakSaNa vAlA svasahAya evaM nirvikalpa hotA hai| sabhI prakAra ke saMkara va zUnya doSoM se rahita saMpUrNavastu sadbhUta vyavahAranaya se aNu kI taraha ananyazaraNa hai, aisA jJAna hotA hai|' dravya kI saMkhyA chaH hai| una chaH dravyoM meM se koI bhI dravya apane svabhAva kA parityAga nahIM krtaa| yadyapi ve paraspara meM mile hue rahate haiN| eka dUsare 1. samayasAra 372 2. sarvabhAva nija bhAva nihAre para kAraja ko koyana dhaare| dravyaprakAza 109. 3. jo jamhi guNe dabbe.......... pariNAmae dbN| sa.mA. 103. vistAra ke liye isI kI amRtacaMdrAcArya kRta TIkA 4. tatvaM sallakSaNikaM-svasahAyaM nirvikalpaM ca pa.dha.pU. 8.528 5. astamitasarvasaMkaradoSa kSatasarvazUnyadoSaM vaa| aNuriva vastu samastaM jJAnaM bhvtiitynnyshrnnm| vahI pa.dha.pU. 528. 48 ___ 2010_03

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meM praveza bhI karate haiM tathA eka hI kSetra meM rahate haiN|' pratyeka dravya svataMtra hai| do dravya milakara eka paryAya nahIM banAte aura na do dravyoM kI eka paryAya banatI hai| dravya aneka haiM aura aneka hI rahate haiN|' dravya svayaM kartA, karma, aura kriyA tInoM hai| dravya paryAyamaya banakara pariNamana karatA hai| jo pariNamana haA vahI dravya kA karma hai aura pariNati hI kriyA hai, arthAt dravya hI kartA hai, kriyA tathA karma kA svAmI bhI vahI hai| ___ kartA, kriyA, aura karma, bhinna pratIta avazya hote haiM, paraMtu inakI sattA bhinna nahIM hai| svayaM kI paryAya kA svAmI svayaM hai|' nijavastu AtmA hI hai, dehAdi padArtha para hI hai| paradravya AtmA nahIM hotA aura AtmA para dravya nahIM hotaa| samasta padArtha svabhAva se hI apane svarUpa meM sthita haiN| ve kabhI anya padArthoM se anyathA nahIM kiye jA skte| evaM bhUtanaya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to sabhI dravya svapratiSThita haiN| inameM AdhAra AdheyabhAva nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya se hI paraspara AdhAraAdheya bhAva kI kalpanA hotI hai| jaise vAyu kA AdhAra AkAza, jala kA vAyu aura pRthvI kA AdhAra jala mAnA jAtA hai|' sat sapratipakSa hai:-jaina darzana sat kA svarUpa virodhI yugala se pratipAdita karatA hai| sat kI sattA parivartana ke madhya zAzvata hai| na to sarvathA sat hai aura na sarvathA asat apitu kathaMcit sat bhI hai asat bhii| pratipakSa ke abhAva meM sat kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| sattA utpAda, vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka, eka, sarvapadArthasthita savizvarUpa anaMtaparyAyamaya aura pratipakSa hai| vastu kathaMcit asat hai, sarvathA nhiiN| isI prakAra apekSAbheda se vastu 1. avaroparaM vimissa............ parasahAve gacchaMti na.ca.vR. 7 2. "nobhau pariNAmataH...... manekameva sdaa|" adhyAtma amRta kalaza 53... 3. vahIM 51 4. vahI 52 5. apA aNu ji parU ji, parU appA paru jiNa hoii| paruNi kayAi vi appU NiyameM pamaNehi joii| paramAtma prakAza 1.67 6. sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAvavyavasthitAH 1 na zakyatenyathA kartuM te pareNa kdaacn| pa.dha.pU. 461 7. rA.vA. 5.12.454 8. paMcAstikAya 8. evaM sabhASya tatvArthA pR. 282 49 2010_03

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ubhayAtmaka aura avAcya hai, naya kI apekSA se hI vastu sat Adi rUpa hai, sarvathA nhiiN|' naya kA vivecana isI prakaraNa meM Age ke pRSThoM meM hai| jaina darzana vastu ko apekSA se hI pratipAdita karatA hai| vaktA jisa dRSTi se vastu ke svarUpa ko kahanA cAhatA hai usI dRSTi se usa vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| vaktA ke abhiprAya ke viruddha agara eka hI dRSTikoNa se vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAye to avyavasthA nizcita hai| jaina darzana meM vastu kA aikAntika rUpa mithyA hai| ataH samasta vastuoM ko anekAMtAtmaka rUpa se hI pramANa kA viSaya mAnanA caahiye| vastu sadasadAtmaka hai :-svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla evaM svabhAva kI apekSA saba padArtha sat haiM aura pararUpAdi (paradravya, parakAla evaM parabhAva) kI apekSA sabhI padArtha asat haiN|' cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, isa niyama kA koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai| agara isa niyama ko asvIkRta kara diyA jAye to yA to sArA saMsAra zUnya ho jAyegA yA dravya kI sattA kA koI niyama nahIM rhegaa| vastu meM vAcyAvAcyatva hai :- eka hI vastu meM anaMta dharma pAye jAte haiN| ina anaMta dharmoM meM se jisa dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA jAye vaha mukhya aura anya dharma gauNa kahe jAte haiM, ye hI zAstrIya bhASA meM kramazaH arpita aura anarpita bhI kahe jAte haiN| jaba krama se svarUpAdi catuSTayI kI apekSA se sat tathA pararUpAdi catuSTayI kI apekSA se asat arpita hote haiM usa samaya vastu kathaMcid ubhayAtmaka (sadasadAtmaka) hotI hai aura jaba koI svarUpAdi catuSTaya tathA pararUpAdi catuSTaya ke dvArA vastu ke satvAdi dharmoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana karanA cAhatA hai to aisA koI zabda nahIM milatA jo eka hI zabda meM donoM dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara sake; aisI avasthA meM vastu avAcya hai|' 1. kathaMcit te na srvthaa| A.mI. 1.14 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 57.363. 3. sadevaM sarva ko vyvtisstthte| A.mI. 1.15 4. arpitAnarpitasiddheH t.suu.| 5.32 evaM sa.si. 5.32.588 5. kramArpitadvayAd.......... shktitH| A.mI. 1.16 50 2010_03

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vastu meM astitva-nAstitva hai-astitva aura nAstitva, ye Apasa meM avinAbhAvI haiN| astitva ke abhAva meM nAstitva nahIM hai aura nAstitva ke abhAva meM astitva nahIM hai| avinAbhAva arthAt eka saMbaMdha, jo una do padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai jinameM se eka padArtha ke binA dUsarA na raha ske| eka hI vastu meM rahane vAlA astitva vizeSaNa hone se pratiSedhya (nAstitva) kA avinAbhAvI hai, jaise hetu meM vizeSaNa hone se sAdharmya vaidharmya kA avinAbhAvI hotA hai| __ anvaya ko sAdharmya aura vyatireka ko vaidharmya kahate haiN| hetu ke hone para sAdhya kA honA anvaya hai| hetu ke abhAva meM sAdhya kA nahIM honA vyatireka hai| "parvata meM agni hai, dhUma hone se| yahA~ dhUma hetu hai aura agni sAdhya hai, jahA~ vahni nahIM hotI vahA~ dhuMA bhI nahIM hotA, yaha vyatireka hai| yadyapi nyAya darzana kucha hetuoM ko kevala anvayI aura kucha hetuoM ko kevala vyatirekI mAnatA hai, para jaina nyAya ke anusAra sUkSmatA se dekhA jAye to koI bhI hetu na kevala anvayI hotA hai aura na kevala vytirekii| bauddha tatva (svalakSaNa) ko sarvathA avAcya mAnate haiN| usameM vidhi-niSedha rUpa vyavahAra sarvathA saMvRti (kalpanA) se hotA hai| vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai:- dravya eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| sAmAnya kI apekSA eka hai aura vizeSa kI apekSA aneka hai| sAmAnya sattA sabhI padArthoM meM samAna rUpa se rahatI hai| vizeSa sattA sabhI padArthoM kI bhinna-bhinna hai| ghaTa kI sattA se paTa kI sattA bhinna hai| isa sAmAnya sattA aura vizeSa sattA ko to 'padArtha kI AtmA' taka kaha diyA gayA hai| hemacaMdrAcArya ne bhI isI mAnyatA kI puSTi kI hai ki "samasta padArtha sAmAnya kI apekSA aneka hokara bhI eka haiM aura eka hokara bhI vizeSa kI apekSA aneka hai|' advaitavAdI, mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya sAmAnya ko hI sat rUpa meM svIkAra 1. astitvaM....... bhedavivakSayA" aa.mii.| 1.17 2. sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadarthoM vissyH| parIkSAmukha 4.1 3. anyayo. vya. 14 evaM A.mI 2.34 51 2010_03

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karate haiM, bauddha vizeSa ko hI sat mAnate haiM, nyAya-vaizeSika sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko nirapekSa aura bhinna-bhinna mAnate haiN|' paraMtu jaina darzana sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka sattA yukta ko hI sat mAnatA hai| usakA spaSTa kathana hai vizeSa rahita sAmAnya kharagoza ke sIMga ke samAna hai aura sAmAnya rahita vizeSa bhI isI prakAra se asat hotA hai|' azoka ne bhI apane grantha meM ekAMta sAmAnya vizeSa kA khaMDana karate hue kahA ki jo alaga-alaga dikhane vAlI pA~ca a~guliyoM meM kevala sAmAnya rUpa ko dekhatA hai vaha puruSa apane sira para sIMga hI dekhatA hai| ata: vizeSa ko chor3akara mAtra padArthoM meM sAmAnya kA jJAna honA asaMbhava hai|' bauddha sAmAnya aura svalakSaNa meM bheda mAnate haiN| unake anusAra svalakSaNa kA kArya arthakriyA karanA hai, sAmAnya koI arthakriyA nahIM krtaa| svalakSaNa paramArthasat hai aura sAmAnya saMvRttasat arthAt kAlpanika hai|' jainadarzana vastu ko virodhI yugala se siddha karate hai| AcArya samaMtabhadra ke anusAra "virodhI dharmoM kA aviruddha sadbhAva pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha hai| vastu meM virodhI dharma kA honA vastu ko bhI rucikara hai, hama unakA niSedha nahIM kara skte|' sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko nirapekSa yA abhinna mAnanA pramANAbhAsa ho sakatA hai, pramANa nhiiN|' hama sAmAnya ko zAzvata aura vizeSa ko azAzvata bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki AcArya samaMtabhadra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki sAmAnya kI apekSA vastu na utpanna hotI hai aura na naSTa, paraMtu vizeSa kI apekSA utpanna bhI hotI hai aura naSTa bhii|' 1. syAdvAmaMjarI 14.120 2. nirvizeSa hi sAmAnyaM bhavecchazaviSANavata. mI.lo. AkR. zlo. 10. 3. etAsu paMcasvavabhAsanISu. IkSate saH azokaviracita sAmAnya drapaNadikganthe uddhRteyam syAdvAda. 24.122 4. "yadeva arthakriyAkAri...svAsAmAnyalakSaNe" pramANa vA. 2.3 5. viruddhamapi saMsiddha...tatra ke vayam" aSTasa. pR. 292. 6. pramANa nayatatvA. 6.86.87 7. "na sAmAnyAtmano...dayApi sata" A.mI. 1.57 52 2010_03 OPrivate & Personal Use Only

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vastu (sad ) kA arthakriyAkArI honA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba usameM virodhI dharmoM kA yugapat astitva ho / vidhi aura niSedha rUpa ubhayadharmoM kI eka sAtha upalabdhi meM hI arthakriyA pAyI jAtI hai jaise vahiraMga aura antaraMga kAraNoM se hI kArya kI niSpatti hotI hai, inake binA nahI / ' isa prakAra jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra samasta vastuoM meM sapratipakSa ( virodhI ) dharma pAyA jAtA hai|' loka meM jo kucha hai vaha saba dvipadAvatAra hai, isakA samarthana ThANAMga bhI karatA hai| anaMtadharmAtmaka vastu hI kArya kara sakatI hai, isakI puSTi svAmI kArtikeya bhI karate haiN| jo vastu anekAMtasvarUpa hai vahI niyama se kAryakArI hotI hai| ekAMtarUpa dravya kAryakSama nahIM ho sakatA; aura jo kAryakSama nahIM hotA use dravya nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki pariNamana rahita nitya dravya na vinAza ko prApta hotA hai aura na utpAda ko, phira vaha kArya kaise karatA hai, aura jo kSaNakSaNa meM vinAza ko prApta hotA hai vaha bhI anvayI dravya se rahita hone ke kAraNa kAryakArI nahIM ho sakatA / " naya kA svarUpa aura usakI vyAkhyAH - jaba taka hama nayavAda kI carcA nahIM kareMge, hamArA vivecana adhUrA rhegaa| saMpUrNa jJAna prApti ke do AdhAra mAne gaye haiM- pramANa aura ny|' anekadharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaMDa rUpa se grahaNa karanA pramANa hai| ise sakalAdeza bhI kahate haiM / " naya vastu ke eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai, sAtha hI dUsare naya kI vivakSA rakhatA hai| durnaya eka dharma ko grahaNa karake anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai|' naya kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA ki - anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ke 1. evaM vidhiniSedhA...rupAdhibhi: A.mI. 1.21 2. evaM sapratipakSe sarvasminneva vastutvesmin / uddhRteyam syAdvAdaratnAkara 5.88.34 3. ThANaM 2.1 4. jaM vatthu aNeyaMta... dIsae loe "eyataM puNa davvaM kerisa davva" pariNAmeNa vihINaM.. kahaM kuNaipajjayabhittaM taccaM ... kiMpi sAhadi / kA. pre. 225.28. 5. " pramANanayairadhigamaH " / ta.sU. 1.6 6. tathA coktaM sakAmodeza: pramANAdhInaH / sa. si. 1.6 7. anekasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI, durnayastannirAkRtiH / aSTazatI meM uddhRta pR. 35 2010_03 53

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prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate hai|' yahA~ yaha bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki vastu to anaMtadharmAtmaka hai, taba usake eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna ko naya kaise kahate haiN| isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki naya ke abhAva meM syAdvAda kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| jo ekAMtavAda yA Agraha se apanI mukti cAhatA hai use naya ko jAnanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| __ anekAMta kI siddhi meM naya kI vahI bhUmikA hai jo samyaktva meM zraddhA kI, guNoM meM tapa kI aura dhyAna meM ekAgratA kI hai|' naya ko vikalAdeza bhI kahate yahA~ yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki naya pramANa hai yA aprmaann| isakA samAdhAna hA~ meM bhI nahIM diyA jA sakatA aura nA meM bhI nhiiN| jaise ghar3e meM bhare samudra ke jala ko na samudra kahA jAtA hai na asmudr| jaise ghar3e kA jala samudraikadeza hai samudra nahIM, vaise hI naya pramANaikadeza haiM apramANa nhiiN| antara itanA hai ki pramANa meM pUrNa vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai aura naya meM vastu ke kisI eka pakSa kaa| pUrva meM hama inhIM pramANaikadeza bhUta nayoM ke dvArA vastu meM sapratipakSatva, vAcyAvAcyatva Adi dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara Aye haiN| yahA~ ina vastudharmoM ko anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM kisane aura kisa svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, isakA aMgulinirdeza nimna anucchedoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai| vibhinna vastudharmoM ke viSaya meM dArzanika tulanA sad-asadH- jaina darzana to vastu ko sadasadAtmaka mAnatA hI hai, paraMtu vaizeSika darzana meM bhI maharSi kaNAda ne anyonyAbhAva ke nirUpaNa meM vastu ko ubhayarUpa hI svIkAra kiyA hai|' 1. sa.si. 133.241 2. nayacakra 175 3. nayacakra 176 4. sa.si. 1.6.24 5. "nAyaM vastu...yapocyate" tatvArthazloka 1.6 6. sccaast| yaccAnyadasadatastadasat vaizeSika da.a. 9 A. 1. sU. 4.5 uddhRta caMpAbAI abhi. graM. 250 54 2010_03

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gautama RSi ke nyAyasUtra kI vaidika vRtti meM 'karma se utpanna hone vAlA phala utpatti se pUrva sat hai athavA asat'? isa prazna ke uttara meM "utpAda vyaya darzanAt" (4.1.49 nyA.) isa sUtra kI TIkA meM hUbahU jainadarzana ke samAna hI vastu kI sadasadAtmakatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| bheda-abhedaH-vedAnta darzana ne bhI bhedAbheda ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vyAsa racita brahmasUtra para bhAskarAcArya ne apane bhASya meM "zabdAntarAcca" (2.1.18) sUtra para svIkAra kiyA hai ki vastu meM atyaMta bheda svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| advaitaH- abhinnavAda meM bhI bhedAbheda kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| vidyAraNya svAmI kAryakAraNa siddhAMta para carcA karate hue apane grantha meM likhate haiM 'ghar3A miTTI se na to ekAMta rUpa se bhinna hai aura na abhinn'|' sAmAnya vizeSa:-kumArila bhaTTa ne apane grantha meM vastu ke svarUpa ko spaSTataH sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi bhinna-bhinna darzanoM meM uparokta virodhI yugaloM kA pratipAdana upalabdha hotA hai, paraMtu jisa prakAra kA tarkayukta aura spaSTa pratipAdana jaina darzana meM hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| itara darzanoM meM sapratipakSa vastu kA vivecana apavAda rUpa meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi naya meM vastu ke eka hI aMza ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, phira bhI anya sabhI dharmoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| pramANa tat aura atat sabhI, ko jAnatA hai| naya meM kevala tat kI pratIti hotI hai|' sApekSatA naya kA prANa hai| jo para pakSa kA niSedha karake apane hI pakSa meM Agraha rakhate haiM, ve sAre mithyA haiN| jaba ve paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyag hote haiM, jaise maNiyA~ jaba taka dhAge meM piroI 1. vaidikI vRttiH uddhRta vahI 2. vahI pR. 251. 3. sa ghaTo nA mRdo...mnvikssnnaat| vahI 4. vahI pR. 251.52. 5. dharmAtarAdAnyopekSA...tadanyanirAkRtezca aSTa. pR. 290. 6. nirapekSA...terthakRt. A.mI. 55 2010_03

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nahIM jAtI taba taka mAlA nahIM bntii|' vastu java anaMtadharmAtmaka hai taba svAbhAvika rUpa se unake dharma ko grahaNa karane vAle abhiprAya bhI anaMta hai aura una anaMta abhiprAyoM ke kAraNa naya bhI anaMta hai, phira bhI inheM mukhyarUpa se do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| vastu svarUpataH abheda hai aura apane meM maulika hai, paraMtu guNa aura paryAya ke dharmoM dvArA aneka hai| abhedagrAhI dRSTi dravyArthika naya aura bhedagrAhI dRSTi paryAyArthika naya kahalAtI hai|' svAmI kArtikeya ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai:-yukti ke bala se jo paryAyoM ko kahatA hai vaha paryAyArthika' aura jo vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko kahatA hai vaha dravyArthika naya hai|' nayoM kI apekSA se hI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, ina cAra nikSepoM kA vibhAga isa prakAra hotA hai-paryAyArthika naya mAtra bhAvanikSepa ko tathA dravyArthika naya avaziSTa tInoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| donoM naya milakara hI sat ke lakSaNa grahaNa karate haiM, kyoMki sat kA lakSaNa sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM se milakara banatA hai|' dravyArthika naya kA vaktavya paryAyArthikA kI dRSTi meM avastu hai aura paryAyArthika naya kA vaktavya dRvyArthika kI apekSA avastu hai| kyoMki dravyArthika naya mAtra sAmAnya ko hI dekhatA hai aura paryAyArthika naya mAtra vizeSa ko hI dekhatA hai| agara eka hI naya se vastudharmoM ko grahaNa kareM to sad meM pariNamana saMbhava nahIM haiM kyoMki yadi mAtra dravyArthika naya ko svIkAra kareM taba to saMsAra meM parivartana saMbhava hI nahIM, kyoMki yaha naya mAtra zAzvata kI apekSA 1. jahaNeya lkkhnngunnaa...visessnnnnaao| sa.ta. 1.22.25 2. jAvaiyA vynnpttttaa...nnyvaayaa| sa.ta. 3.47 3. dabachiyavattatvaM...pajjabva vantavabhaggoya sa.ta. 1.29 4. kA.pre. 10.270. 5. vahI 10.269 6. sa.si. 1.24.116 7. ee puNa saMgahao...mUlaNayA sa.ta. 1.13 8. sa.ta. 1.11 56 2010_03

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kathana karatA hai aura mAtra paryAyArthika naya meM bhI saMsAra mAtra saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki yaha azAzvata dharmoM kI apekSA kathana karatA hai|' sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA nityAnitya pakSa meM hI saMbhava hai|' pudgaloM ke yoga hone se karmabaMdha hotA hai aura kaSAya ke kAraNa baMdhe hue karmoM kI sthiti kA nirmANa hotA hai| ekAMta rUpa se kSaNika yA zAzvata baMdha evaM sthiti kA nirmANa asaMbhava hai|' baMdha aura sthiti ke abhAva meM na saMsAra meM bhaya kI pracuratA hogI aura na mukti kI aakaaNkssaa|' AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kI hI mAnyatA hai|' kuMdakuMdAcArya ne nizcayanaya ko bhUtArtha arthAt vastu ke zuddha svarUpa kA grAhaka aura vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha arthAt vastu ke azuddhasvarUpa kA vivecaka kahA hai| SaDdravyoM kA vibhAjana:-jainadarzana ne dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH svIkAra kI hai| una cha: dravyoM ke vibhinna vibhAjana hai, ve yahA~ (apekSA se ) prastuta haiN| cetana-acetana kI apekSAH-dravya do haiM jIva aura ajiiv| cetanA aura upayoga jIva ke lakSaNa haiM inake viparIta lakSaNoM vAlA ajIva hai|' mUrta-amUrta kI apekSAH-AkAza, kAla, jIva, dharma aura adharma amUrta haiM, pudgala dravya mUrta hai| kriyAvAn aura bhAvavAn kI apekSAH-dharma, adharma, kAla aura AkAza niSkriya haiM, pudgala aura jIva sakriya hai| yaha vAta arthApatti se prApta ho jAtI hai|' . 1. ma.ta. 1.17. 2. sa.ta. 1.18 3. kammaM jogAnimitta...baMdhaTTiikAraNaMNatthi ma.ta. 1.19 4. baMdhammi apUrate...Nasthi mokkhoy| sa.ta. 1.20 5. nayamAra gA. 183 6. vavahAro mudattho...havadi jIvo sa.mA. 11. 7. pravacanamAra 127. paM.kA. 124. 8. paM.kA. 97 9. adhikatAnAM dharmAdharmAkAgAnA...sakriyatvamaryAdApannam sa.si. 5.7.273. 57 ___ 2010_03

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pravacana sAra ke anusAra pudgala aura jIva bhAva vAle aura kriyA vAle hote haiM, kyoMki pariNAma, saMghAta aura bheda ke dvArA utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya ko prApta karate haiN| zeSa dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla mAtra bhAvavAna haiM, kyoMki kevala pariNAma dvArA hI unameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya hotA hai| bhAva kA lakSaNa pariNAma mAtra hai aura kriyA kA lakSaNa parispaMdanA' eka aura aneka kI apekSAH-dharma, adharma aura AkAza-dravya kI apekSA eka hI haiM, jIva aura pudgala aneka haiN|' vasunandi ne jIva aura pudgala kI taraha vyavahAra kAla ko bhI anekarUpa mAnA hai|' pariNAmI aura nitya kI apekSAH-svabhAva tathA vibhAva pariNAmoM se jIva tathA pudgala pariNAmI haiM. zeSa cAra dravya vibhAvavyaMjana paryAya ke abhAva kI mukhyatA se apariNAmI haiN|' sapradezI aura apradezI kI apekSAH-loka pramANa mAtra asaMkhyapradezayukta jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala sapradezI haiM, kAla apradezI hai, kyoMki usameM kAyatva nahIM hai| ina dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva ko pradezoM ke samUhayukta hone ke kAraNa hI astikAya kahate haiN| kAla meM pradezoM kA abhAva hai, ataH nAstikAya hai| ise apradezI bhI kahate haiN| kSetravAn evaM akSetravAn kI apekSAH-sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza dene ke kAraNa mAtra AkAza hI kSetravAn hai, anya pA~coM akSetravAn haiN|' / sarvagata evaM asarvagata kI apekSAH-loka aura aloka meM vyApta hone kI apekSA se AkAza ko sarvagata kahA jAtA hai| lokAkAza meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa dharma aura adharma bhI sarvagata haiN| eka jIva kI apekSA se jIva asarvagata hai, paraMtu lokapUraNa samudghAta kI avasthA meM eka jIva kI apekSA se sarvagata 1. kriyAbhAvavatvena...kriyAvaMtazca bhvnti| pra.sA.ta.pra. 129 2. dharmadravyamadharmadravyaM ca...mekadravyatvamA rA.vA. 5.6.6.445 3. dhammAdhammAgAsA....vavahArakAlapuggalajIvA ha. aNeyaruvati vasu. zrA. 30 4. bR.da.sa. adhikAra prathama kI cUlikA dvaya 5. bra.da.sa. adhikAra kI cUlikA 1.2 6. paM. kA.TI. 22 bRhad dra.sa. 1 kI cUlikA 1.2 7. bRdra.sa. adhikAra 1 kI cUlikA 1.2 58 2010_03

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hai| bhinna-bhinna jIvoM kI apekSA to sarvagata hotA hI hai| pudgaladravya lokavyApaka mahAskaMdha kI apekSA se sarvagata hai hI, zeSa pudgaloM kI apekSA se asarvagata hai| kAladravya bhI eka kAlANudravya kI apekSA se sarvagata nahIM hai| lokAkAza ke pradeza ke barAbara bhinna-bhinna kAlANuoM kI vivakSA se kAladravya loka meM sarvagata hai / ' kAraNa aura akAraNa kI apekSA:- pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla vyavahAra naya se jIva ke zarIra, vANI, mana, prANa, ucchavAsa, gati, sthiti, avagAhana aura vartanArUpa kArya karate haiM, ataH kAraNa hai| jIva-jIva kA to guru ziSya rUpa meM upakAra karate haiM, paraMtu anya pA~coM dravyoM kA kucha bhI nahIM karate, ataH akAraNa hai| 2 kartA aura bhoktA kI apekSA:- zuddhadravyArthika naya kI apekSA se jIva yadyapi baMdha-mokSa, dravya-bhAvarUpa puNya-pApa aura ghaTapaTAdikA akartA hai to bhI azuddha nizcaya se zubha aura azubha ke upayoga meM pariNamita hokara puNya pApa kA kartA aura unake phala kA bhoktA banatA hai| vizuddha jJAna darzana svabhAvI zuddha Atmadravya ke samyak zraddhA, jJAna aura anuSThAna rUpa zuddhopayoga se pariNamita hokara mokSa kA bhI kartA aura usakA bhoktA banatA hai| avaziSTa pA~coM kA apane-apane pariNAma se jo pariNamana hai vahI kartRtva hai, puNya pApa kI apekSA to akartRtva hI hai| " upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA : - kArya kI utpatti meM upAdAna aura nimitta kA kyA svarUpa hai, isa saMbaMdha meM carcA kiye binA dravya ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM apUrNatA hI rhegii| jaise ghaTa meM, ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa miTTI hai aura nimitta kAraNa kumhAra hai| jo dravya tInoM kAloM meM apane rUpa kA kathaMcit tyAga aura kathaMcit tyAga na karatA huA pUrvarUpa se aura apUrvarUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai vahI upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| 1 dravya kA na sAmAnya ( zAzvata ) aMza aura na vizeSa (kSaNika) aMza 1. vahI 2. vahI 3. bRhad dravya saMgraha ke prathama adhikAra kI cUlikA 4. tyAktAtyaktAtmakarUpaM... upAdAnamiti smRtam aSTasa. pR. 10 meM uddhRta 59 2010_03

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upAdAna hotA hai, paraMtu kathaMcit azAzvata aura kathaMcit zAzvata hI dravya kA upAdAna kAraNa ho sakatA hai|' upAdAna meM kAraNakAryabhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai| ise svAmI kArtikeya ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki pUrvapariNAma se yukta dravya kAraNarUpa se pravartita hotA hai aura uttarapariNAma se yukta vahI dravya niyama se kArya hotA hai| svAmI vidyAnaMda ke anusAra upAdAna kA pUrva AkRti se vinAza kArya kA utpAda hai, kyoMki ye donoM eka hetu se haiM, aisA niyama hai|' svAmI pUjyapAda ke anusAra jisa prakAra gati kriyA kA nimitta dharmAstikAya hai usI prakAra anya saba bAhya padArtha nimitta mAtra hote haiN| koI ajJa vijJatA ko prApta nahIM hotA aura vijJa ajJatA ko prApta nahIM karatA, mAtra upAdAna kI yogyatA ke anusAra bAhya nimitta sahAyaka hote haiN| kArtikeya ne bhI isI mAnyatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| sabhI dravya apaneapane pariNamana ke upAdAna (mukhya) kAraNa haiM anya bAhya dravya to mAtra nimitta haiN| pratyeka sat yA dravya pUrvaparyAya ko chor3akara pratikSaNa uttaraparyAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha parivartana sadRza yA visadRza, donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura zuddha jIvadravya ke pariNamana sadA eka se hote haiN| inameM vaibhAvika zakti nahIM hai| zuddha jIva meM vaibhAvika zakti kA sadA svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| isa para nimitta kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| saMsArIjIva aura pudgala meM vaibhAvika zakti hai| jisa-jisa prakAra kI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai vaise hI ye badalate jAte haiN| yadyapi sarvathA asadbhata parivartana lAne kI kSamatA naimittika kAraNa meM nahIM hai, jaise lAkha prayatna karane para bhI patthara se taila nahIM miltaa| pariNAma kA artha bhI yahI hai| 1. yat svarUpaM ..mAzvataM yathA tN| jaina ta. mI. meM pR. 47 meM uddhRta 2. pucapariNAmajuttaM...NiyamA kA.pre. 230. 3. jaina ta. mI pR. 49 para uddhRt| "nAjJovijJatvamAyAti dhrmaastikaayvt|" iSTopadeza 35. 4. tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH ta.sU. 5.42 60 2010_03

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jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA 'AtmA' zabda kI vyutpatti hai 'atati-gacchati-jAnAti iti AtmA' arthAt zubha, azubha rUpa kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika vyApAra yathAsaMbhava tIvra maMda Adi rUpoM meM samagrataH jJAna Adi guNoM meM rahate haiN| jJAnAdiguNa AtmA dravya ke haiN| ata: uparyukta vyutpatti sArthaka hai| jaina darzana ne AtmA ke jisa svarUpa kA pratipAdana zatAbdiyoM pUrva kiyA thA, adyaparyaMta vahI svarUpa usI rUpa se sthApita hai| uttaravartI tArkikapratibhAsaMpanna dArzanika AcAryoM ne usa svarUpa ko apanI prakhara tarka zailI se siddha kiyA, aura usa svarUpa meM parivartana nahIM Ane diyaa| 'AtmavAda yA AtmA bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA hI hai' kaheM to atizayokti nahIM hogI, kyoMki bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke saMpUrNa ciMtana kA kendrabiMdu AtmA hI rahI hai; aura sArA darzana isI ke irda-girda ghUmatA-sA pratIta hotA hai| 'AtmavAda' zabda kA prayoga hameM ati-prAcIna jaina darzana ke prathama aMga ke rUpa meM sthApita 'AcArAMga' meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| Age isI meM "AtmA ko vijJAtA aura vijJAtA ko hI AtmA kahA hai| jJAna kI apekSA se AtmA kA vyapadeza (vyavahAra) hotA hai| isa sUtra ke dvArA AtmA kI do paribhASAe~ spaSTa huIM- prathama paribhASA dravyAzrita aura dvitIya guNAzrita hai| cetana (AtmA) dravya hai, caitanya (jJAna) usakA guNa hai| cetana pratyakSa nahIM hotA, paraMtu caitanya pratyakSa hotA hai| yahA~ eka prazna saMbhava hai ki jaba AtmA aura jJAna abhinna haiM taba jJAna 1. se AyAbAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI" AcArAMga 1.1.5 2. je AyA se viNNAyA.je viNNAyA se AyA jeNa vijANAti se AyA AcArAMga 5.5.104 61 2010_03

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kI taraha AtmA bhI aneka ho jAyegI? isa prazna kA samAdhAna 'bhagavatI' meM upalabdha hotA hai| ghaTa, paTa, ratha, azva Adi jJeyoM meM pariNata jJAna ke AdhAra para ghaTajJAnI, AtmA ko hI paTajJAnI, rathajJAnI, azvajJAnI Adi kahA jAtA hai|' AtmA jisa samaya jJAna ke jisa pariNamana se pariNata hotI hai usI ke AdhAra para AtmA kA vyapadeza arthAt vyavahAra hotA hai! lokarAzi do hI prakAra kI mAnI hai-jIva rAzi aura ajIva raashi|' aura loka meM zAzvata kyA haiM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna diyA gayA hai ki jIva aura ajIva donoM zAzvata haiN|' cU~ki ajIva kA mahatva jIva ke kAraNa hI hai, kyoMki ajIva svayaM bhoktA nahIM hai, apitu jIva hI ajIva kA bhoktA hai| agara jIva na rahe to sRSTi kA koI mUlya nahIM hai, para aisA samaya saMbhava hI nahIM hai ki sRSTi jIvarahita kabhI ho| SaDdravyoM meM jIva ko astikAya kahA hai|' astikAya ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM jaba gautama svAmI ne yaha pUchA ki astikAya kA svarUpa kyA hai? taba prabhu mahAvIra ne kahA-jaise cakra kA, chatra kA, carmarala kA, daMDa kA, duSyapaTTa kA, Ayudha kA, modaka kA khaMDa yA Tukar3A kramazaH cakra, chatra, rala, daMDa, duSyapaTTa yA Ayudha, modaka nahIM kahalA sakatA, vaise hI astikAya ke eka pradeza ko astikAya nahIM kahate, parantu sampUrNa tatva ko hI astikAya kahate haiN| miTTI ke abhAva meM jisa prakAra ghaTa kA nirmANa asaMbhava hai, vaise hI AtmA ke abhAva meM sRSTi kA vyApAra bhI asaMbhava hai| AtmA ke astitva kI siddhiH-jisa prakAra hameM ghaTa, paTa Adi pudgala dravya kI paryAyoM ke darzana hote haiM, vaise hameM AtmA ke darzana nahIM hote| isakI pratIti hameM kAraNa vyApAra dvArA hotI hai| sArathI jisa prakAra se rathAdi kA saMcAlana karatA hai, AtmA bhI usI prakAra se zarIra kA niyaMtraNa karatI 1. bhagavatI 6.174 2. "do rAsI paNNatA taM jahA jIvarAsI ceva ajIvarAsI ceva" ThANaM 2.392. 3. "ke sAsayA loge? jIvacceva ajIvacceva" ThANaM 2.419 4. bhagavatI 25.4.4 5. bhagavatI: 2.10.1 6. bhagavatI 2.10.4, (3) 2010_03

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hai| AtmA jyoMhI zarIra kA tyAga kara detI hai tyoM hI suMdara, svastha, priya zarIra ko Aga ke supurda kara diyA jAtA hai| isase anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki zarIra se bhinna koI tattva yA sattA avazya honI caahie| AtmA indriyoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI indriyoM dvArA jJAta vastuoM kI smRti vidyamAna rahatI hai|' AtmA indriyoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki kaI bAra indriyoM kA vyApAra hone para bhI padArthoM kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| A~kha, kAna sakSama haiM, phira bhI padArthoM kA grahaNa nahIM honA yahI pratIti karAtA hai ki inake atirikta kucha aura bhI hai aura vahI AtmA hai|' ___AtmA indriyabhinna nahIM hotI to eka indriyavikAra dUsarI indriya ko prabhAvita nahIM krtaa| imalI ko A~kha se dekhA, para turaMta jihvA prabhAvita ho gyii| isase indriya se bhinna AtmA ke astitva kI pratIti hotI hai|' agara AtmA kA astitva bhinna nahIM hotA to A~kha se ghar3A dekhakara zarIra rUpa indriya AvazyakatA hone para kyoM grahaNa karatA? isI prakAra "maiM" sukhI-duHkhI Adi kA saMvedana AtmA ke astitva kI hI anubhUti karAte haiN| AtmA ke astitva ko nakAranA svayaM ke astitva ko hI nakAranA hai| AtmA pramANa siddha hai:-bhAratIya darzana meM cU~ki AtmA sarvotkRSTa evaM mahatvapUrNa prameya rahA hai, ataH usake saMbaMdha meM sabhI darzanoM ne apane-apane stara se vicAra prastuta kiyA hai| eka ciMtaka hai-cArvAka, jo bhUtacatuSTaya se caitanya kI utpatti mAnatA hai| ise bhUtacaitanyavAda kahate haiN| dUsarA ciMtana hai aatmvaad| jaina darzana AtmavAdI hai| cArvAka pRthvI, pAnI, havA aura teja ke ucita anupAta ke mizraNa se caitanya kI utpatti mAnatA hai| ina cAra bhUtoM ke atirikta pA~caveM kisI bhI tatva kI mAnyatA cArvAka darzana meM nahIM miltii| SaDdarzana 1. SaDdarzanasamu. TI. 49.157. 2. SaDdarzana samu. TI. 49.158 3. vahI 49.159 4. vahI 49.160 63 ___ 2010_03

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samuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratnasUri ne isake pratyuttara prastuta kiye haiN| guNaralasUri ne AtmA ko nimnalikhita tarkoM se pramANita kiyA hai| guNaratnasUri ke anusAra AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, kyoMki jJAna guNa kA pratyakSa hotA hai, ataH AtmA ko pratyakSasiddha mAnanA caahiye|' smRti, jijJAsA, AkAMkSA, ghUmane Adi kI icchA ityAdi AtmA ke guNoM kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa se anubhava hotA hai| cU~ki guNa pratyakSa hai, ata: guNI bhI pratyakSa hai| jaisA ki cArvAka darzana mAnatA hai ki bhUtacatuSTaya ke mizraNa se caitanya utpanna hotA hai, to unakA mizraNa karane vAlA koI tatva bhI to honA cAhie, aura vaha AtmA ke atirikta kauna ho sakatA hai? agara koI tatva nahIM hai to ghaTa, paTa Adi jitane padArtha haiM una sabhI ko caitanyayukta honA cAhie kyoMki bhUtoM kI sattA to sarvatra hai, paraMtu pratyeka bhUtacatuSTaya yukta padArtha caitanya nahIM bntaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki caitanya bhUta kA nahIM, apitu AtmA kA lakSaNa hai| isake atirikta nimna likhita tarkoM se bhI AtmA siddha hotI hai| (1) jJAna prApti ke mAdhyama kAna, mu~ha Adi upakaraNa kisI se prerita hokara hI apanI kriyAe~ saMpanna karate haiN| ina indriya rUpI gavAkSoM se jJAna kA grAhaka AtmA hI hai|' AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI AtmA kA astitva isI prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai-jisa prakAra yaMtra pratimA kI ceSTAe~ apane prayoktA kA jJAna karAtI haiM vaise hI prANa, apAna Adi kriyAe~ bhI AtmA kA jJAna karAtI hai| (2) yaha saMsaraNazIla zarIra kisI kI preraNA se hI cala sakatA hai, jaise ratha sArathI kI icchAnusAra calatA hai| khAne kI yA pIne kI icchA hone para tadanusAra pravRtti karatA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pravRtti karAne vAlA koI aura hai, aura vahI AtmA hai| (3) isa zarIra ko isa AkRti meM kisI ne banAyA hai jaise ghaTa kA nirmAtA kumhAra hai, vaise hI samasta kAryoM kA koI utpAdaka hai| zarIra kA jo 1. SaDdarzana samu. TI. 49.120 2. vahI 49.119 3. vahI 49.123 4. "yathA yaMtrapratimAceSTitaM...sAdhayati' vasa.si. 5.19.563 5. vahI, prazasta. bhA.pR. 69, praza. vyo.pR. 402, nyAyakusu. pR. 349 64 2010_03

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nirmAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| isa zarIra kA koI svAmI avazya honA cAhie, kyoMki indriyA~ to upakaraNa yA sAdhana mAtra haiN| jaise ghaTa nirmANa meM sahayogI aujAroM kA mAlika kumhAra hai, vaise hI ina indriya rUpa aujAroM kA svAmI AtmA hai| (5) yaha zarIra to jar3a hai; aura jar3a kA bhoktA cetana hI hotA hai|' (6) rUpa, rasa Adi aneka prakAra ke jJAna kisI Azraya-bhUta dravya meM hI rahate haiN| jaise rUpa ghaTa kA Azrita hai, vaise hI jJAna kA Azraya AtmA (7) jJAna, sukha Adi kA koI na koI upAdAna kAraNa abazya honA cAhie jaise ghaTa kA upAdAna miTTI hai, isI taraha jJAna, sukha Adi kA jo upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jJAnI, sukhI Adi banatA hai, vahI AtmA hai|' (upAdAna kAraNa ko hama dvitIya adhyAya meM spaSTa kara Aye haiN|) (8) cAhe jIva ho yA ajIva, samasta padArtha dvipadAvatAra (sapratipakSa) hote haiN|' jahA~ jIva hai vahA~ ajIva bhI hai yaha ajIva niSedhAtmaka hai| jisa niSedhAtmaka zabda kA pratipakSI artha na ho to samajhanA cAhiye ki vaha yA to vyutpattisiddha zabda kA niSedha nahIM karatA yA phira zuddha zabda kA kintu kisI rUDha zabda yA saMyukta zabda kA niSedha karatA hai, jaise akharaviSANA' . (9) sAmAnyatodaSTa anumAna dvArA bhI AtmA kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| svayaM kI kriyA jaisI kriyA anya zarIra meM bhI dekhakara AtmA kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI kriyA dekhakara hama AtmA ke astitva kA anumAna kara sakate haiN| priya meM AkarSaNa aura apriya meM vikarSaNa kA nirNAyaka AtmA hI banatI hai| paraMtu yadi ghaTa para bhayaMkara sarpa car3ha jAya to bhI ghaTa meM AkarSaNa yA vikarSaNa jaisA koI aMtara nahIM aataa| 1. SaDdarzana TI. 49.123 2. SaDdarzana TI. 49.125 2. ThANa 2.1, 4. SaDdarzana. TI. 49.125 5. vahI 49.126 2010_03

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jaise pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANoM se AtmA kA astitva siddha hai, vaise hI Agama (zabda), upamAna aura arthApatti dvArA bhI AtmA pramANasiddha haiN|' jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra Atmasiddhi :-jaise guNa aura guNI kI abhinnatA hai, vaise hI smaraNa Adi guNoM se jIva bhI pratyakSa siddha hai| indriyA~ kAraNa haiN| ata: inakA koI adhiSThAtA avazya honA caahiye| vaha adhiSThAtA hI AtmA hai| zarIra sAvayava aura sAdi hai, ataH ghaTa kI taraha isakA bhI koI kartA hai| jisakA koI kartA nahIM hai, usakA nizcita AkAra nahIM hotaa| zarIra kA kartA AtmA hai| viSaya aura indriyoM ke madhya koI aisA tatva avazya honA cAhie jo grAhaka ho, aura vaha AtmA hai|' jisa prakAra bhojana, vastra Adi kA koI bhoktA avazya hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra kA bhI koI bhoktA honA cAhiye, aura vaha bhoktA AtmA hI ho sakatA hai|' isI prakAra zarIrAdi ke 'saMghAtarUpa meM,' saMzaya ke rUpa meM, ajIva ke pratipakSI ke rUpa meM, AtmA kA astitva hai| anya AcAryoM ke anusAra AtmasiddhiH-zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM evaM prANApAna ke kAraNa AtmA kA astitva hai| AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| indriyanirapekSa Atmajanya kevalajJAna rUpa sakala pratyakSa ke dvArA zuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| deza pratyakSa-avadhi aura manaH paryaya ke dvArA karma- nokarma se yukta AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai|" indriyoM se prApta vibhinna jJAnoM meM AtmA hI ekasUtratA sthApita karatI 1. vahI 49.127 2. gaNadharavAda:-1560.62 3. vahI 1567 4. vahI-1567. 5. vahI 15684 6. vahI 1569. 7. vahI 1569. 8. vahI 1571 9. rA.va. 5.19.38 pR. 473 10. syAdvAdamaM. 17.174. 11. rA.vA. 28.18.122. 66 2010_03

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hai| kisI vyakti ko dekhane mAtra se priyatA aura apriyatA kA bhAva acAnaka nahIM uThatA, kahIM na kahIM usake sukha-duHkha kAraNa kA anubhava huA hogA, isa pravRtti se bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hai| AtmA aura upaniSadaH-adhikAMza bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne cetana aura acetana ko sRSTi kA maulika tatva mAnA hai| jaina darzana ne inheM jIva aura ajIva; sAMkhya ne ise prakRti aura puruSa; aura bauddha ne inheM hI nAma aura rUpa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| upaniSad kA dRSTikoNa atyaMta AtmavAdI rahA hai| samasta tatvoM meM AtmA ko hI zreSThatama tatva kahA gayA hai| jaba yAjJavalkya apanI bhautika saMpadA kA apanI paniyoM meM vibhAjana karake saMnyasta hone kA nirNaya lete haiM, taba unakI patnI maitreyI unase dIrgha saMvAda karatI haiN| jisakA niSkarSa yaha prApta hotA hai ki "jisa saMpatti se maiM amRta nahIM bana sakatI, usakI prApti nirarthaka hai, jise pAkara amRta banU~ usI kA upadeza deN|" taba yAjJavalkya unheM isa prakAra se AtmA kA upadeza dete haiM- "AtmA hI darzanIya, zravaNIya, mananIya aura dhyAna karane yogya hai|" naciketA bhI jaba Atma tatva ko jAnane kI prabala jijJAsA abhivyakta karate haiM, taba unheM yama agaNita bhautika vibhUtiyoM kA pralobhana dekara AtmA kI jijJAsA se virata karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| paraMtu naciketA sArI sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM ko ThukarAkara mAtra Atmatatva jAnane kI hI icchA abhivyakta karate haiM, taba yama Atma svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM! chAndogyopaniSad meM Atma vidyA ko itanA mahatvapUrNa mAnA hai ki usake samakSa samasta vidyAe~ nirarthaka aura vyartha haiN| nAradajI sanatkumAra se kahate haiM, "maiM cAroM veda, itihAsa, purANa, gaNita aura sarpAdi vidyAoM kA jJAtA hU~, phira bhI AtmavidyA ke abhAva meM zokAkula huuN|" unakI zokamukti ke 1. rA.vA. 2.8.19 pR. 122 2. nyAya. 68.69.71 pR. 39 3. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 2.4.1.3. 4. vahI 2.4.5 5. kaThopaniSad 1.20 6. kaThopaniSad 2.28. 6 ___ 2010_03

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lie sanatkumAra unheM AtmavidyA kA jJAna pradAna karate haiN| / ' vibhinna upaniSadoM meM AtmA kA svarUpaH AtmA kyA hai isa saMbaMdha meM upaniSad meM vibhinna mata dRSTigocara hote prajApati ke zabdoM meM "pApa se nirlipta, janma, jarA evaM mRtyu ke zoka se rahita, bhUkha aura vyAkulatA kI pIr3A se rahita AtmA hai| "2 jAgRta aura mRtyu kI avasthA bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM " AtmA ko karttA, meM eka samAna rahane vAlA tatva kahA hai| "" chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra " AtmA aura zarIra bhinna hai| AtmA azarIrI tathA amara hai| dekhane aura sU~ghane kA vicAra karane vAlA AtmA hai, A~kha aura nAka to mAtra mAdhyama hai / " " kaThopaniSad ke anusAra " AtmA na maratA hai na utpanna hotA hai| yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai|"" yaha na tarkagamya hai aura na hI veda ke adhyayana se praaptiyogy| yaha mAtra prajJA dvArA hI prApta hotA hai| 116 yAjJavalkya ne AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM apane vicAra isa prakAra spaSTa kiye haiM- " AtmA viSaya nahIM ho sakatI / " AtmA hI ekamAtra prItiyogya hai| jo bhI hama prIti karate haiM vaha AtmA ke liye hai| jo kucha bhI priya aura mUlyavAn hai vaha saba AtmA ke kAraNa hai| 118 9 RSiyoM ke "so'haM" " evaM "aham brahmAsmi" " kI abhivyakti se anumAna hotA hai ki AtmA aura brahma kA unheM pratyakSa anubhava ho gayA thaa| 1. chAndogyopaniSad 8.1.2 2. chAndogyopaniSad 8.7.4 3. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4.4.3 4. chAndogyopaniSad 8.12.1, 2 5. kaThopaniSada 1.2.18. 6. kaThopaniSad 1.2.23, 7. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4.5.15 8. vahI 4.5.6 9. koSItakI upaniSad 1.6 10. bRhadAraNyaupa. 1.4.10 2010_03 68

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upaniSad aura Atma svarUpa ko vibhinnatAH-Atma svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa meM upaniSad niraMtara pragati karatA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki vibhinna upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa kI bhinnatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai| dehAtmavAdaH-upaniSad ke puraskartA RSiyoM ke mana meM jaba yaha ciMtana calA ki bAhya vizva ko gauNa kara jisa caitanya kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha kyA hai? isa saMbaMdha meM upaniSad meM eka AkhyAna AtA hai ki asuroM meM vairocana aura devoM meM indra AtmavidyA kI zikSA lene prajApati ke pAsa gye| taba prajApati ne bartana meM pAnI DAlakara usameM unakA pratibimba dikhAkara kahA-yahI AtmA hai| indra to dehAtma svarUpa se saMtuSTa nahIM hue para vairocana saMtuSTa ho gye| jainAgamoM meM dvitIya aMga zrI suyagar3AMga meM isI ko "tajjIva taccharIravAda' kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIsare gaNadhara vAyubhUti ke mana meM bhI yahI zaMkA thI ki "jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM yA eka hii|' rAjA pradezI bhI AtmA ko zarIra kI taraha indriyagrAhya mAnatA thA aura isI kAraNa usakA Atmazodhana kA prayAsa niSphala rhaa|' prANAtmavAdaH-indra ko isa dehAtmavAda ke svarUpa se saMtuSTi nahIM huii| indra kI taraha auroM ke mastiSka meM bhI yaha prazna ubharA hogA ki agara zarIra hI AtmA hai to mRtyu ke samaya bhI zarIra to maujUda hai phira bhI zarIra kI kriyAe~ avaruddha kyoM ho jAtI haiN| nidrAvasthA meM bhI zvAsocchvAsa kI prakriyA prAraMbha rahatI hai, yaha kyA hai? taba unhoMne anubhava ke AdhAra para prANa sattA ko hI samasta pravRtti kA kAraNa maanaa|' chAndogya upaniSad meM to yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA hai ki "vizva meM saba kucha prANa hai|" indriyA~ aura prANa kA tAdAtmya bhI kara diyA gyaa| 1. chAndogyopaniSad 8.84 2. suyagaDAMga 6.48 3. gaNadharavAda 1649 4. rAja praznIya 244-266 5. taitirIya upani. 2.2.3 2010_03

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indriyoM ko bhI prANa kahate haiM / ' dArzanika isa prANAtmavAda se bhI saMtuSTa nahIM hue| manomaya AtmAH - AtmA saMbaMdhI vicAraNA aura use prApta karane meM RSi niraMtara prayatnazIla the| unheM aisA AbhAsa huA ki mana ke abhAva meM prANa aura indriyA~ saba vyartha haiN| mana kA saMparka hone para hI indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM ko grahaNa kara sakatI haiN| agara mana anupasthita ho to indriyoM kI upasthiti sArthaka nahIM hai| taba prANamaya AtmA ke sthAna para manomaya AtmA kI sattA svIkAra kI gyii| 2 mana kI sattA kI utkRSTatA ko svIkArate hue use parama brahmasamrAT taka kaha diyaa| " chAndogya upaniSad meM bhI use brahma kahA hai| " prajJA vijJAnAtmAH - kauSItakI upaniSad meM prANa ko prajJA aura prajJA ko prANa kahA hai| isI meM Age prajJA kA mahatva svIkAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prajJA ke abhAva meM indriyA~ aura mana nirarthaka haiN| indriyoM aura mana kI apekSA prajJA kA mahatva adhika hai / " vijJAnAtmA ko manomaya AtmA kI aMtarAtmA ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| ' aitareya upaniSad meM prajJAna brahma ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM mana bhI hai| " prajJA aura prajJAna' eka hI haiN| yahA~ prajJAna kA paryAya vijJAna bhI batAyA hai / " 10 caitanyAtmA:: -AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM niraMtara vaicArika ciMtana kA pariNAma Age jAkara yaha nikalA ki kenopaniSad ne spaSTa kaha diyA ki -annamaya 1. bRhadAraNyaka upa. 1.5.21 2. taitirIya upani. 2.3 3. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4.1.6 4. chAndogyopa. 7.3.1 5. kauSItakI upa. 3.2, 3.3.3.3.34. 6. kauSitakI upa. 3.6.7 7. taitirIya upaniSad 2.4 8. aitareya upani. 3.2 9. aitareya upa 3.3 10. aitareya upa. 3.2 2010_03 70

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AtmA ratha ke samAna hai, use calAne vAlA rathI hI AtmA hai|' yahI dRSTA, zrotA, manana karane vAlA aura vijJAtA hai| isa cidAtmA ko ajara, amara, akSara, avyaya, aja, nitya, dhruva, zAzvata, aura anaMta mAnA gayA hai|' isa prakAra, satata ciMtana se zarIra aura AtmA kI bhinnatA siddha kI gyii| nyAya-vaizeSika meM AtmA :-nyAya darzana ne AtmA kI vyAkhyA bhinna tarIke se kI hai| "jJAna, icchA, Adi guNoM kA AdhAra AtmA hai|" dvitIya paribhASA hai-"pratisaMdhAna, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna karane vAlA tatva hI AtmA hai|" ___nyAya darzana AtmA ko zarIrAdi se bhinna eka svataMtra dravya mAnatA hai, paraMtu use jaDavat mAnatA hai| caitanya, jo ki AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, nyAya darzana ke anusAra vaha AgaMtuka guNa hai|' nyAya darzana meM AtmA ko isa caitanya guNa kI utpatti kA AdhAramAtra batAyA gayA hai| buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa aura prayala, ye AtmA ke chaha vizeSa guNa mAne gaye haiN| mukti meM zarIrAdi kA abhAva hai, ataH vahA~ muktAtmA meM AgaMtuka caitanyaguNa kA bhI abhAva hai|'' vaizeSika sUtra meM AtmA kA astitva anumAna pramANa se siddha kiyA gayA hai| prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, indriyAMtara saMcAra, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa Adi ko AtmA ke liMga batAte hue inhIM se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa vivecana ke lie ena.ke. devarAja dvArA likhita bhAratIya darzana pR. 301-8.1 dekhanA caahie| isI prakAra nyAya sUtrakAra ne bhI icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha aura 1. kenopaniSad 1.2 2. bRhadAraNya. 3.7.22. 3. kaTho. 3.2 4. ta.saM. pR. 12. 5. nyAyavA. 1.1.10 pR. 64 prazastapAdabhASya pR. 49.50 7. bhAratIya darzana-DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhAga 2 pR. 148, 149 8. tarkabhASya-kezavabhizra pR. 148. 9. tarka bhASya keziva mizra pR. 190 0. nyAyasUtra 1.7.22. 11. vai.sU. 3.2.4-13 ___ 2010_03

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nirNayAtmaka jJAna ke hetuoM dvArA AtmA kI sattA kA anumAna kiyA hai|' gautama RSi anumAna ke atirikta zAstrIya pramANa bhI dete haiN| AtmA kA mAnasa pratyakSa hotA hai yA nahIM, nyAya darzana meM isake viSaya meM matabheda hai| nyAyasUtra meM AtmA ke anumAna kI carcA hai, pratyakSa kI nhiiN| nyAya sUtra ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne AtmA ko yogI pratyakSa kA viSaya kahA hai, laukika pratyakSa kA nhiiN| vaizeSika darzana ke prAcIna sAhitya ke anusAra bhI isI bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana dvArA pratipAdita AtmA ke yogI pratyakSa kA viSaya hone ke pakSa kA samarthana hotA hai, paraMtu udyotakara, vAcaspati mizra' Adi ne jJAna Adi vizeSa guNoM ke sAtha AtmA kA mAnasa pratyakSa 'aham' padArtha ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAdaH-upaniSadoM ne AtmA aura AtmA se saMbaMdhita vidyA ko pramukha tatva mAnakara usI kI prApti ko jIvana kA lakSya banA diyA thaa| bauddha darzana ne usa tejI se panapatI AtmavAda kI pravRtti ko rokane ke lie anAtmavAda kA siddhAMta diyaa| buddha ne rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra, vijJAna aura indriyoM para evaM indriyoM ke viSaya para kramazaH vicAra kiyA aura una sabhI ko anitya aura anAtma ghoSita kara diyaa| ve apane zrotAoM ko bhI praznottara kI zailI meM yuktipUrvaka vizvAsa karavA dete the ki saba kucha anAtma hai aura AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai| ___buddha ke anusAra janma, maraNa, karma, vipAka, baMdha aura mokSa saba kucha hai, paraMtu inakA sthAyI AdhAra nahIM hai| ye samasta avasthAeM apane pUrvavartI kAraNoM se utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura eka navIna kArya ko utpanna karake naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra cakra calatA rahatA hai| uttara-vartI avasthA pUrvabartI avasthA se na sarvathA bhinna hai aura na abhinna, ataH avyAkRta hai|' 1. nyAyasUtra 3.1.10 2. bhAratIya darzana:-DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhAga 2 pR. 145 3. nyAyabhASya 1.1.10 4. nyAyabhAya 1.1.3. 5. bhAratIya darzana: DaoN. ena.ke. devarAja pR. 300. 6. nyAyavA. pR. 341. . 7. tA.TI. 501. 8. saMyuttanikAya 12.70.32-37. 9. saMyuttanikAya 12.17.24, milindaprazna 2.25.33 72 ____ 2010_03

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na koI karma kA karttA hai aura na karma phala kA bhoktA, mAtra zuddha dharmoM kI pravRtti hotI hai, yahI samyagdarzana hai| ye karma aura phala paurvAparya saMbaMdha rahita bIja aura vRkSa kI taraha anAdi kAla se eka dUsare para Azrita haiM aura apane-apane hetuoM para avalambita hokara pravRtta hote hai| yaha paramparA kaba niruddha hogI, yaha bhI nahIM batAyA jA sakatA / jIva ke viSaya meM kucha zAzvatavAda kA aura kucha ucchedavAda kA abalaMbana lete haiM aura paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM / ' buddha AtmA ke zAzvata aura azAzvata ke prazna para mauna rahate the, kyoMki zAzvata kahate to usakA samarthana hotA jo mata sthiratA meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura azAzvata kahate to unakA samarthana hotA jo zUnyavAda meM vizvAsa karate haiN| ' nAgasena aura rAjA milinda ke praznottara meM bhI AtmA ke svarUpa para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| rAjA milinda pUchatA hai- AtmA kyA hai? taba nAgasena samAdhAna ke sthAna para prazna karate haiM ki kyA DaMDe ko, dhurA ko, pahiye ko aura DhAMce ko ratha kahate haiM? milinda ne kahA- bhagavan ! ye saba ratha ke bhAga haiM, ratha nahIM / taba nAgasena ne kahA- usI prakAra se eka sAtha upasthita skaMdhoM kA nAma hI sat yA AtmA hai / ' bauddha darzana meM kSaNika saMvedanAoM ko hI AtmA kahate hai| inake atirikta AtmA kI pRthak sattA upalabdha nahIM hotI / ' hInayAnI vasubaMdha ne spaSTa kahA hai ki paMcaskaMdhI ke alAvA AtmA koI tattva nahIM hai| " buddha ne binA kisI AdhAra ke bhI saMsAra kI avicchinnatA kI vyAkhyA 1. gaNadharabAda:- prastAvanA pR. 92 2. majjhima nikAya mUlapaNNAsaka 35.3.5-24 3. bhA. darzana DA. rAdhAkRSNana bhAga eka pR. 384. 4. milinda 2.1.1 5. majjhimanikAya uparipaNNAsaka 2.2.1-6 6. abhidharmakoSa 3.18 2010_03 73

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kAraNakAryabhAva se kI hai| isa kAraNakAryabhAva ko hI saMsAra kI avicchinnatA kA kAraNa btaayaa| "parivartana yukta tatva astitva rakhatA hai|" yaha satya hai ki jo kucha vidyamAna hai vaha saba kAraNoM evaM avasthAoM se hI prAdurbhUta huA hai aura pratyeka sthiti meM asthira hai|' buddha ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki cetanA mAtra kSaNika hai, vastueM nhiiN| yaha pratyakSa hai ki yaha zarIra eka varSa, sau yA isase bhI adhika samaya taka raha sakatA hai, paraMtu jise mana, buddhi, prajJA yA cetanA kahate haiM, vaha dinarAta eka prakAra ke cakra ke rUpa meM parivartita hotI rahatI hai| buddha na AtmA kI svIkRti dete haiM na AtmA se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlI anya kisI vastu kii| unake anusAra AtmA kI nityatA, aparivartanazIlatA Adi mUroM kI bakavAsa hai|' - buddha ne isa pudgala ko kSaNika aura nAnA kahA hai| yaha cetana to hai, para mAtra cetana hai, aisA nahIM hai| vaha nAma aura rUpa ina donoM kA samudAya rUpa hai| ise bhautika yA abhautika kA mizra rUpa kahanA caahiye| isameM bhI bhagavAn buddha kA madhyama mArga jhalakatA hai| cArvAka aura AtmAH- cArvAka ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ke atirikta AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai| ina paMcamahAbhUtoM se AtmA utpanna hotA hai aura inhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai|' prAcIna cArvAka cAra mahAbhUta hI mAnate the, paraMtu arvAcIna cArvAkoM ne prasiddha hone se pA~caveM AkAza ko bhI mahAbhUta mAna liyaa| Age ve kahate haiM ki ina paMcamahAbhUtoM ke atirikta koI tatva nahIM hai| kriyA, akriyA, sukRta, duSkRta, kalyANa, pApa, acchA, burA, siddhi, asiddhi, naraka yA anya gati Adi inase hI haiN| 1. bhA. darzana bhAga 1. DA. rAdhA. pR 341 2. saMyukta. 2-96 3. majjhima nikAya 1.138. 4. saMyukta nikAya 1.135 5. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.7, 8. 6. sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.655. 2010_03

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ina paMcamahAbhUtoM ko na kisI ne banAyA hai aura na banavAyA hai; na to ye kRta hai, na kRtrima aura na hI kisI se apanI utpatti kI apekSA rakhate haiN| ye paMcamahAbhUta Adi-aMta rahita haiM, svataMtra evaM zAzvata haiN|' pA~ca mahAbhUta hI jIva haiN| ye hI astikAya haiN| ye hI jIvaloka haiN| saMsAra kA kAraNa ye hI haiN| tRNa kA kaMpana taka inake kAraNa hI hotA hai|' ina pRthvI Adi pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hone para inhIM bhUtoM se abhinnajJAnasvarUpa caitanya utpanna hotA hai| jaise gur3a, mahaA Adi madya kI sAmagrI ke saMyoga se madazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, vaise hI pA~ca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se zarIra meM caitanya zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaise jala meM bulabule utpanna hote haiM aura vilIna ho jAte haiM,vaise hI paMcamahAbhUtoM se caitanya utpanna hotA hai aura unhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai|' zarIra se atirikta anya koI jIva nahIM hai, jo loka paraloka jAkara zubha azubha kA phala bhoge| jo kucha hai zarIra hai aura vaha bhI bijalI kI taraha caMcala hai, isalie khAo, pIo aura mastI se rho|' sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA - sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa aura prakRti do mukhya tatva haiN| vaise to sAMkhya darzana 25 tatva mAnatA hai| inameM prakRti aura usake 23 vikAroM evaM puruSa kA samAveza hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra yaha caitanya zarIra nahIM hai aura na tatvoM se utpanna padArtha hai| yaha unake aMdara alaga-alaga vidyamAna bhI nahIM hai, ataH una sabameM eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa|' yaha indriyoM se bhinna hai| iMdriyA~ darzana ke sAdhana avazya haiM, dRSTA nhiiN| puruSa buddhi se bhI bhinna hai, kyoMki buddhi acetana hai| hamAre anubhavoM kI ekatA AtmA ke kAraNa hai| vizuddha AtmA hI puruSa hai jo prakRti se bhinna hai|' puruSa kA prakAzamaya svarUpa kabhI parivartita nahIM 1. vahI 665. 2. vahI 657. 3. SaDdarzana samuccaya 84., prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 115. 4. SaDadarzana samuccaya TIkA 82.564. 5. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra 5.129. 6. vahI 2.29. 7. sA.pra.sU. 6.1.2. 2010_03

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hotaa|' yaha suSupti avasthA meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai| yaha puruSa na kisI kA kArya hai aura na kaarnn|' buddhi, mana Adi caitanya puruSa kI dAsatA meM hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa caitanyamaya hai| yaha AnaMdamaya nahIM hai kyoMki AnaMda to satoguNa ke kAraNa hotA hai, jisakA saMbaMdha prakRti se hai| yaha na parimita hai na annuruup| yaha kisI kriyA meM bhAga nahIM letaa| sAMkhya kA puruSa guNa rahita hai tathA yaha na sukhamaya hai aura na duHkhamayA' sAMkhya ke anusAra bhI AtmAe~ aneka haiN| inakI indriyA~, karma, janma, maraNa sabhI bhinna-bhinna hai| koI svarga meM jAtI haiM to koI naraka meN| sAMkhya ke puruSa kA na Adi hai aura na aMta hai| yaha nirguNa, sUkSma, sarvavyApI, nityadRSTA, indriyAtIta tathA mana kI pahu~ca se bAhara hai| yaha vyAvahArika arthoM meM saba vastuoM ko nahIM jAnatA, kyoMki zArIrika sImA sImita indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hI jJAna saMbhava hai| jaba AtmA isa sImA se mukta hotA hai taba ise parivartana kA bodha nahIM rahatA, apitu phira yaha apane svarUpa meM rahatA hai| puruSa prakRti se saMbaddha nahIM hai, mAtra darzaka hai, udAsIna hai, akelA hai aura niSkriya hai|' puruSa aura prakRti paraspara pratikUla lakSaNa vAle haiN| prakRti parivartanazIla hai| puruSa amUrta, cetana, nitya, sarvagata, niSkriya, akartA, bhoktA, nirguNa, sUkSma AtmA hai| prakRti triguNAtmaka (satvaguNa, rajoguNa tamoguNa) prameya hai, ahaMkAra sahita hai aura jIva hai| sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa aura AtmA bhinna bhinna padArtha haiN| ahaMkAra sahita puruSa hI jIva hai|' vizuddha AtmA buddhi se pare hai, jabaki buddhi ke aMdara puruSa kA pratibimba 1. sAMkhya prabacanabhASya 1.75 2. sA.pra.sU. 1.148 3. sA.pra.sU. 1.61 4. bhA. darzana. DA. rAdhA. bhAga. 2 pR. 279 5. sA.pra.mU. 6.45 6. sA.pra. sUtra vRtti 6.59. 7. sAM. kA. 19. 8. sA. pra. sU. vRtti 6.63 9. sAM pra. bhASya 6.63 76 ___Jain Education.International 2010_03

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ahaMbhAva ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, jo hamArI sabhI avasthAoM kA jisameM sukha duHkha bhI sammilita haiM, bodha prApta karane vAlA hai| jaba taka hama AtmA ko buddhi se bhinna nahIM samajhate jo lakSaNa aura jJAna meM buddhi se bhinna hai taba taka hama buddhi ko hI AtmA samajhate rahate haiM / ' pratyeka ahaMbhAva eka aisA sUkSma zarIra rakhatA hai jo indriya sahita mAnasika upakaraNa se nirmita hai aura yahI sUkSma zarIra punarjanma kA AdhAra hai| 2 puruSa vizuddha cetana svarUpa hai, paraMtu jaba taka yaha rajoguNa aura tamoguNa se Acchanna rahatA hai taba taka yathArtha ko bhUla jAtA hai| mokSa tathA baMdhana rUpa parivartana kA saMbaMdha sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha hai jo puruSa ke sAtha saMlagna hai| laukika jIvAtmA, puruSa aura prakRti kA mizraNa hai| jaba rajoguNa pradhAna hotA hai to puruSa mAnavIya jagata meM praveza karatA hai| vahA~ vaha baicena hokara duHkha se chuTakArA pAne mukti ke lie prayatnavAna hotA hai| jaba satvaguNa kI adhikatA ho jAne para rakSAparaka jJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai, taba prakRti ahaM ko aura adhika jIvana kI ApadA se bAMdhakara nahIM rakha paatii| usa avasthA meM mRtyu ke bAda prakRti aura puruSa kA baMdhana TUTa jAtA hai| AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| jIvAstikAya ke lakSaNa:- dravya ke jitane bhI lakSaNoM para dvitIya adhyAya meM nimarza kiyA gayA hai ve jIva meM bhI pAye jAte haiM, ataH jIva bhI dravya hai| jaina AgamoM meM 'jIva' zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiM; jIvAstikAya, prANa, bhUta, satva, vijJa, cetA, jetA, AtmA, pudgala, mAnava, karttA, vikartA, jagata, jantu, yoni, zarIra aura antarAtmA / ' jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| ' 'upayoga' zabda vyApaka arthavAlA hai| vaha jJAna aura darzana donoM ko samAhita karatA hai| yaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai| kuMdakuMdAcArya ne samayasAra meM evaM haribhadrasUri ne SaDdarzana samuccaya meM 1. yogasUtra 2.6 2. sA. pra. sU. 3.16 3. bhagavatI 20.2.7 4. . upayogo lakSaNam ta. sU. 2.8, bhagabatI 13.4.27. "jIvo uvaogamao" 5. sa. sA. 48. 6. SaDdarzanasamu. 49 2010_03 77 bR.da.sa. 2.

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jIva kA lakSaNa cetanA kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hI upalabdha hotA hai| paMcAstikAya meM kuMdakuMda ne jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga aura cetanA ubhaya rUpa kiyA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 'cetanA' aura 'upayoga' donoM ekArthaka haiN| cetanA jIva kI yogyatA evaM upayoga usakI kriyAnviti hai| upayoga ke prakAraH- upayoga do prakAra kA hai- jJAnopayoga evaM drshnopyog|' ise guNaratnasUri ne SaDdarzana kI TIkA meM sAkAra caitanya (jJAna) aura nirAkAra caitanya (darzana) bhI kahA hai| bRhad dravya saMgraha TIkA meM ise savikalpaka bhI kahA gayA hai| paMcAstikAya meM jIva ko jJAnadarzana se yukta batAkara inheM jIva ke sAtha ananya va sarvakAla bhI kahA gayA hai, arthAt jIva meM jJAnadarzana rUpa upayoga tInoM kAloM meM rahatA hai| jo vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha jJAna aura jo sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha darzana hai|' jIva kA lakSaNa jJAnamaya darzanamaya darzana kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai-"pazyati dRSyate dRSTimAtraM vA darzanam" arthAt jo dekhatA hai, jisake dvArA dekhA jAtA hai athavA dekhanAmAtra hI darzana hai| jaba viSaya aura viSayI kA sannipAta hotA hai taba darzana hotA hai|' vizeSaNa se zUnya 'kucha' hai, yaha grahaNa honA darzana hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba koI jJAyaka kisI padArtha ko mAtra dekhatA hai, usa prakriyA meM taba jaba taka vaha koI vikalpa na kare, taba taka jo sattAmAtra kA grahaNa hotA hai use darzana kahate haiM, aura jaise hI dRSTa padArtha ke zukla kRSNa ityAdi vizeSaNoM se yukta 1. uttarA. 28.70 2. paM.kA. 16 3. sa.si. 2.8.273 4. SaDda. TI. 49.97. vR.ta.kR. 2.8.15.86 5. bRdra.sa.TI. 4.15 6. paM.kA. 40 7. paM.kA.TI. 40.75 8. sa.si. 1.1.6.4 9. vahI 1.15.190.79 10. sa.bha.ta. 47.9. 2010_03

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vikalpa rUpa pratIti hone lagatI hai, taba use jJAna kahate haiN|' jJAna kI paribhASA dete hue pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki,jo jAnatA hai, jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai| jJAna aura darzana kI saMyukta vyAkhyAH-sAmAnya kI mukhyatA pUrvaka vizeSa ko gauNa karake padArtha ke jAnane ko darzana kahate haiM aura vizeSa kI mukhyatA pUrvaka sAmAnya ko gauNa karake padArtha ke jAnane ko jJAna kahate haiN|' jJAna aura darzana meM aMtaraH-jJAna aura darzana jIva ke svabhAva haiM, ataH donoM abhinna haiM, paraMtu kathaMcit bhinna bhI haiN| jisake dvArA dekhA jAye aura jAnA jAye use darzana kahate haiM-isa prakAra ke lakSaNa se, jJAna aura darzana meM koI vizeSatA nahIM rahegI tathA cakSu indriya aura Aloka bhI darzana ho jaayeNge|' yadi koI aisI zaMkA kare, to usakA samAdhAna hai ki nahIM! aisA nahIM hai| antarmukha citprakAza ko darzana aura bahirmukha citprakAza ko jJAna kahate haiN| dekhane meM sahakArI kAraNa hote hue bhI Aloka aura cakSu darzana nahIM ho sakate haiM kyoMki cakSu aura Aloka AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM haiN| darzana mAtra sAmAnya kA hI aura jJAna vizeSa kA hI grAhaka nahIM hai kyoMki pratyeka dravya sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka haiM aura sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu kA krama ke binA hI grahaNa hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki sAmAnya ko choDakara mAtra vizeSa arthakriyA karane meM asamartha hai| arthakriyA meM jo samartha nahIM hotI vaha avastu hotI hai| usa avastu kA grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa nahIM hotA tathA mAtra vizeSa kA grahaNa bhI to nahIM hotA kyoMki sAmAnya rahita kevala vizeSa meM kartA karma rUpa vyavahAra nahIM bana sktaa| jaba vizeSa ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa nahIM banatA to mAtra sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana bhI nahIM bntaa|' ____darzana va jJAna meM sva para grAhakatA kA samanvayaH-jJAna ko bahirmukha prakAzaka aura darzana ko antarmukha prakAzaka kahA gayA hai, paraMtu isakA artha yaha nahIM 1. bR.dra.saM. 43. 216 2. sa.si. 1.1.64 3. syAdvAdamaM. 1.8. 4. dhavalA 1.1.4. 145. 5. vR.dra.sa. 44.215-215-218 evaM dha. 1.1.1.4.146.3. 79 2010_03

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ki jJAna mAtra para-prakAzaka hI hai aura darzana mAtra sva-prakAzaka hai| aura isa vidhi se AtmA sva para prakAzaka donoM hai| agara jJAna mAtra para prakAzaka ho to bAhyasthiti ke kAraNa AtmA kA jJAna se saMparka hI nahIM rahegA, taba sva ko jAnane kA usakA svabhAva hone para sarvagatabhAva nahIM rahegA! isI prakAra darzana bhI mAtra aMtara rUpa ko hI dekhe, bAhyasthita padArtha ko na dekhe, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH jJAna darzana lakSaNa vAlA AtmA hI svapara prakAzaka hai! agara jJAnaM ko para prakAzaka mAneM to saMpUrNa sRSTi cetanamaya bana jAegI kyoMki jJAna para prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa dravya se bhinna hokara yA to zUnyatA kI Apatti hogI yA jahA~-jahA~ vaha pahu~cegA ve sAre dravya cetana ho jaayeNge|' ___ AtmA jJAnamaya bhI nahIM hai, vaha ubhaya hai| jisa prakAra agni meM dAhakatA bhI hai aura pAka guNa bhI!' jJAna ke prakAra:-vaha jJAnopayoga ATha prakAra kA aura darzanopayoga cAra prakAra kA hai! vRhada dravya saMgraha meM bhI vyavahAra naya se ATha prakAra kA jJAna aura cAra prakAra kA darzana kahA hai, paraMtu ise sAmAnya rUpa se jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai| zuddha naya kI apekSA se to zuddha jJAna darzana hI jIva kA lakSaNa haiM! paMcAstikAya meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ne bhI jJAna darzana kI isI saMkhyA kI puSTi kI hai tathA nAmollekha kie haiN| matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna kevalajJAna, kumati jJAna, kuzruta jJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna ye jJAna ke evaM cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala ye cAra darzana ke bheda batalAe haiN|' jJAna ke aMtima tIna bhedoM ko vibhAva jJAna bhI kahate haiN| matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyava ko vibhAvajJAnopayoga aura 1. niyamasAra 161. 2. ni.sA.tA.dR. 161 3. niyamasAra 162. 4. ni.sA.tA.dR. 162. 5. ta.sU. 2.9. 6. vR.dra.saM. 6. 7. paM. kA 41-42, sa.si. 2.9 237. 8. ni.sA.tA.vR. 10 2010_03

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kevala-jJAna ko svabhAva jJAnopayoga kahate haiM!' yaha jJAna indriya nirapekSa asahAya hai! cakSu, acakSu, avadhi ye darzana vibhAva darzana evaM kevala darzana svabhAva darzana hai|' yaha jJAna aura darzanamaya upayoga, chadmastha karmayukta AtmA ko krama se aura kevalI ko yugapat hotA hai! niyamasAra meM sUrya kA udAharaNa dete hue ise aura spaSTa kiyA hai, jaise sUrya kA prakAza aura tApa eka sAtha rahate haiM, usI prakAra kevalajJAnI ko jJAna aura darzana eka sAtha vartatA haiN|' sahavAdI aura kramavAdI:-dravya aura guNa ananya haiM, ve eka dUsare se abhinna hote haiN| jJAna jIva kA svarUpa yA lakSaNa hai, ataH AtmA-AtmA ko jAnatA hI haiN| paraMtu kevalI ko vaha upakrama pUrvaka hotA hai yA eka sAtha, isameM zvetAMbara aura digaMbara paraMparA meM matabheda hai| zvetAMbara paramparA ke Agama pATha yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA karate haiM ki jJAna aura darzana ekasAtha saMbhava nahIM hai| gautama aura mahAvIra kA saMvAda bhagavatI sUtra meM paThanIya hai| gautama jijJAsu bhAva se pRcchA karate haiM, prabhu! kyA paramaavadhijJAnI manuSya jisa samaya paramANu pudgala skaMdha ko jAnatA haiM, usa samaya dekhatA hai? prabhu ne samAdhAna meM khaa-nhiiN| - gautama svAmI ne punaH pUchA-aisA kyoM? taba bhagavAna ne kahAparamaavadhijJAnI kA jJAna sAkAra (vizeSagrAhaka) hai aura darzana anAkAra hai, ataH jAnanA aura dekhanA eka samaya meM saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI prazna punaH kevala jJAnI ke bAre meM pUchA to paramAtmA ne jJAna aura darzana eka hI kAla meM asaMbhava batAe aura vahI kAraNa dohraayaa| 1. ni.mA. 10 2. ni.sA. 12. 3. ni.sA. 13.14. 4. sa.si. 2.9.273. 5. ni.sA. 160. 6. paM.kA. 45. 7. ni.sA. 170. 8. bhagavatI 18.8.21.22. 81 2010_03

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gautama mahAvIra kI isI prakAra kI carcA 'prajJApanA' meM upalabdha hotI hai| "jisa samaya kevalI ratnaprabhA naraka ko dekhate haiM, usa samaya jAnate haiM yA nahIM?' prabhu- yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| gautamaH- isakA kyA kAraNa hai ki jJAna darzana yugapat nahIM hotA? prabhuH- cU~ki jJAna sAkAra hai aura darzana anaakaar| ataH sAtha-2 donoM upayoga nahIM hote|' paraMtu zvetAMbara paramparA ke hI prakhara tArkika AcArya siddhasena apanI yuktiyoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki jJAna aura darzana yugapat hote haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karmakSaya se utpanna hone vAlA kevala jJAna jaise utpanna hotA haiM, vaise hI darzanAvaraNIya karma kSaya se kevala darzana bhI utpanna hotA hai|' jaba AvaraNa kSaya ho jAtA hai to matijJAna nahIM hotA vaise hI AvaraNakSaya hone para darzana meM kAlabheda karanA ucita nahIM hotaa|' vyakta aura avyakta kA bheda sAmAnya AtmA meM hotA hai, paraMtu kevalI AtmA meM nahIM hotaa| avyakta darzana aura vyakta jJAna ye donoM kevalI ke lie ekasAtha saMbhava hai! yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAya to sarvajJatA bhI kramavAda meM khaMDita ho jaaegii| sarva jAnanA aura dekhanA hI sarvajJa kI paribhASA hai! zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI AcArya jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra kevalajJAna kevaladarzana eka sAtha nahIM hote| digambara paramparA meM yadyapi yaha pracalita hai ki kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana yugapat hote hai, paraMtu unhIM ke kucha uddharaNa aise haiM jinase yaha tathya puSTa hotA hai ki ve bhI kramavAdI hai| 1. prajJApanA 30.319. pR. 531. 2. saM.ta. 2.5. 3. vahI 2.6. 4. vahI 2.11. 5. vahI 2.13. 6. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 3096 2010_03

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guNadharAcArya kI kaSAyapAhuDa kI mUla 15-20 kI gAthAoM meM jina mArgaNAoM ke alpa bahutva ke rUpa meM jaghanya utkRSTa kAla kahA gayA hai, isameM utkRSTa kAla ke alpabahutvaM meM kahA hai "cakSudarzanopayoga ke utkRSTa kAla se cakSujJAnopayoga kA kAla dugunA hai|" usase zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA, indriyoM kA jJAnopayoga, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga Adi sparzanendriya jJAnopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| sparzanendriya ke jJAnopayoga se avAyajJAna kA utkRSTa kAla dugunA hai! isase IhA jJAnopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika hai! isase zrutajJAna kA, zrutajJAna se zvAsocchavAsa kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika hai| kevala jJAna kevaladarzana kaSAya sahita jIva ke zukla lezyA kA utkRSTa kAla svasthAna meM samAna hote hae bhI pratyeka kA utkRSTa kAla zvAsocchvAsa se vizeSa adhika hai| kevalajJAna ke utkRSTa kAla se ekatva vitarka avicAra dhyAna kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika hai| inase pRthaktva vitarka savicAra dhyAna kA kAla dugunA hai| isase pratipAtI sUkSma saMparAya upazama zreNI meM caDhane vAle kA; sUkSma saMparAya, kSapaka saMparAya kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| sUkSma sAMparAyika jIva ke utkRSTa kAla se mAna kaSAya kA utkRSTa kAla dugunA hai| isase krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, kSudrabhavagrahaNa, kRSTikaraNa, saMkrAmaka kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| isase upazAMta kaSAya kA kAla dugunA hai| isase kSINa kaSAya kA, isase cAritra mohanIya ke upazAmaka kA, isase cAritramohanIya ke kSapaka kA kAla vizeSa adhika hai|' isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki darzanopayoga saMbaMdhI sabhI indriyoM, mana, vacana kAyA, avAya, IhA, va zrutajJAna inakA utkRSTa kAla zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hotA hai| kevalajJAnopayoga va kevala darzanopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla eka zvAsocchvAsa se adhika aura do zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hotA hai| arthAt isa samaya taka meM upayoga badala jAtA hai| ataH jahA~ kevalajJAna va kevaladarzana ke upayoga kA samaya antarmuhUrta diyA hai, vahA~ yaha antarmuhUrta se zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hI smjheN|' 1. kaSAyapAhur3a: 15-20. 2. kusuma abhi. grantha- kanhaiyAlAla loDhA khaM. 4 pR. 288. 83 2010_03

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kevala jJAna aura kevaladarzana kA utkRSTa kAla antarmahUrta kahA hai, isase lagatA hai, kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI pravRtti eka sAtha nahIM hotI / ' TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne ise ina zabdoM meM puSTa kiyA hai " kAryarahita zuddha jIva pradezoM se ghanIbhUta darzana aura jJAna meM anAkAra aura sAkAra rUpa se upayoga rakhane vAle hote haiM, yaha siddhAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| 2 agara upayoga yugapat hotA to inakA kAla anaMta utkRSTa kAla honA cAhie thA, paraMtu kaSAya - pAhuDa kI mUla gAthA meM kevala jJAnopayoga va kevaladarzanopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla do zvAsa se kama batAyA gayA hai, jo kramavAda mAnane para hI saMbhava hai| darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya hone para kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI utpatti eka sAtha hotI hai, paraMtu donoM upayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho skte| " isase yahI sArAMza nikalatA hai ki guNa to eka sAtha rahate hai, para upayoga kramapUrvaka hotA hai| guNa upalabdhi hai| upayoga kA artha haiM usa guNa meM pravRta honA / upayoga aura upalabdhi bhinna haiN| eka vyakti aneka viSayoM kA jJAtA hai, para vaha usa samaya eka hI darzana meM upayoga lagAe hue hai, para isase anya viSaya ke jJAna kA abhAva nahIM hai| anekAtmA haiH- tatvArtha sUtra meM " jIvAzca " " sUtra upalabdha hotA hai| isase jaina darzana kA anekAtmavAda prakaTa hotA hai| akalaMka ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- jIvoM kI anaMtatA aura vividhatA sUcita karane ke liye "jIvAzca" bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| saMsArI jIva gati Adi caudaha mArgaNAsthAna, mithyAdRSTi Adi caudaha guNasthAna, sUkSma bAdara Adi caudaha jIva sthAnoM ke vikalpoM se aneka prakAra ke haiN| mukta jIva bhI eka, do, tIna, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta samayasiddha zarIrAkAra, avagAhanA ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke haiN| " 1. kaSAyapAhur3a pR. 319. 2. dhavalA 2.9.56 pR. 98. 3. kaSAyapAhuDa 137. pR. 321 4. ta. sU. 5. 5. ta. vA. 5.3.442. 2010_03 84

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eka zarIra meM aneka AtmA raha sakatI haiM, paraMtu eka AtmA aneka zarIroM meM nahIM raha sktii| gaNadharabAda meM isakA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| jaba gautama svAmI brAhmaNa paMDita ke rUpa meM bhagavAna se carcA karane jAte haiM aura pUchate haiM ki upaniSad kI yaha mAnyatA svIkAra kara leM ki saba brahma hI haiM to kyA hAni hai? bhagavAna-gautama! aisA saMbhava nahIM kyoMki AkAza kI taraha sabhI piNDoM meM eka AtmA saMbhava nhiiN| sabhI piNDoM meM lakSaNa bheda haiN| pratyeka piNDa meM bhinna lakSaNa pratIta hone se vastu bheda svIkArya hai|' ____ AtmA eka ho to sukha, dukha, baMdha, mokSa, kI bhI vyavasthA saMbhava nahIM hai| hama dekhate haiM-eka sukhI hai, eka dukhI hai, eka baddha hai, eka mukta hai| eka hI jIva kA eka hI samaya meM baMdha aura mokSa donoM saMbhava nahIM hai|' jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| vaha upayoga pratyeka AtmA kA samAna nahIM hotaa| utkarSa, apakarSa avazya pAyA jAtA hai, ataHjIva anaMta mAnanA caahiye|' eka hI jIvAtmA mAnane se na koI kartA hogA, na bhoktA, na mananazIla, na koI sukhI hogA, na koI duHkhI, kyoMki zarIra kA agara adhikAMza bhAga pIr3ita ho to sukhI nahIM hotA, vaise hI saMsAra kA adhikAMza bhAga baMdhA huA ho to eka aMza mukta aura sukhI kaise ho sakatA hai| pratyeka piMDa kI AtmA ke apane sukha, duHkha, smRti, jJAna upayoga hote haiN| ataH AtmA kI anekatA vyavahAra meM bhI spaSTa hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM bhI ekAtmavAda kA virodha kiyA gayA hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki eka AtmA hI nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAyI detI hai| vaha prAraMbha meM Asakta rahakara pApa kara letA hai, phira akele use hI duHkha aura pIr3A bhoganI par3atI hai| saMpUrNa jagat ko nhiiN|' dehaparimANa AtmA:-AtmaparimANa ke saMbaMdha meM vividha vAda pracalita hai| nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiN| unake anusAra AtmA 1. gaNadharavAda- 1581. 2. vahIM 1582. 3. vahI 1583. 4. vahI 1584.85. 5. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.9.10. 85 2010_03

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amUrta hai, ataH AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hai / gItA bhI yahI mAnatI hai|' rAmAnuja, vallabhAcArya, mAdhavAcArya, va nimbArkAcArya AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnate haiN| inake anusAra AtmA bAla ke hajAraveM bhAga barAbara hai aura hRdaya meM nivAsa karatI hai| unakA kathana hai, agara AtmA ko aNu parimANa na mAnA jAya to usakA paraloka gamana nahIM hogaa| ___jaina darzana AtmA ko na vyApaka mAnatA hai, na aNuparimANa vaha AtmA ko dehapariNAma mAnatA hai| AtmA sarvavyApI nahIM, apitu zarIravyApI hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa guNa ghaTa meM hI upalabdha hai, vaise hI AtmA ke guNa zarIra meM hI upalabdha hai| zarIra se bAhara (saMsArI) AtmA kI anupalabdhi hai, ataH zarIra meM hI usakA nivAsa hai| kartavya, bhoktRtva, baMdha mokSa Adi yuktiyukta tabhI banate haiM, jaba AtmA ko aneka aura zarIra vyApI mAnA jAyA' AtmA kathaMcit vyApaka hai, para vaha sAmAnya avasthA meM nahIM hai| kevalI samudghAta avasthA meM ATha samaya meM caudaha rAja parimANa loka meM vyApta hone kI apekSA vaha vyApaka hai, paraMtu yaha sthiti kabhI-kabhI hotI hai, niyata nhiiN| mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane ko samudghAta kahate haiN| yaha samudghAta sAta prakAra kA hai|' (1) tIvra vedanA hone ke samaya mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara jAne kI vedanA ko vedanA samudghAta kahate haiN| (2) tIvra kaSAya ke udaya se dUsare kA nAza karane ke liye mUla zarIra ko binA chor3e AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane ko kaSAyasamudghAta kahate haiN| (3) jisa sthAna meM Ayu kA baMdha kiyA ho, marane ke aMtima samaya usa 1. tarkabhASA pR. 149. 2. gItA 2.20 3. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DA. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 692. 4. gaNadharavAda 1586. 5. vahI 1587. 6. bhagavatI 2.2.1. paNNa vaNA bhA. 1. pR. 237 evaM syAdvAdamajarI 9.75. 86 2010_03

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sthAna ke pradezoM ko sparza karane ke liye mUla zarIra ko na chor3a AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane ko mAraNAMtika samudghAta kahate haiN| taijas samudghAta do prakAra kA hotA hai-zubha aura ashubh| jIvoM ko kisI vyAdhi yA durbhikSa se pIr3ita dekhakara mUla zarIra ko na chor3a muniyoM ke zarIra se bAraha yojana lambe sUcyaguMla ke asaMkhyeya bhAga, agrabhAga meM nau yojana, zubha AkRti vAle putale ke bAhara nikala jAne ko zubha taijas samudghAta kahate haiN| yaha putalA vyAdhi, durbhikSa Adi ko naSTa karake vApasa lauTa AtA hai| kisI prakAra ke apane aniSTa ko dekhakara muniyoM ke zarIra ko binA chor3e hI muniyoM se ukta parimANa vAle azubha putale ke bAhara nikala kara jAne ko azubha taijassamudghAta kahate haiN| yaha azubha putalA apane aniSTa ko naSTa karake muni ke sAtha svayaM bhI bhasma ho jAtA hai| (5) mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara kisI prakAra kI vikriyA karane ke liye AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara jAne ko vaikriya samudghAta kahate haiN| (6) RddhidhArI muniyoM ko kisI prakAra kI tatvasaMbaMdhI zaMkA hone para unake mUla zarIra ko binA chor3e zuddha sphaTika ke eka hAtha ke barAbara putalA kA AkAra mastaka ke bIca se nikalakara zaMkA kI nivRtti ke liye kevalI bhagavAna ke pAsa bhejA jAnA AhAraka samudghAta kahalAtA hai| yaha putalA kevalI bhagavAna ke pAsa antarmuhUrta kAla meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura zaMkA kI nivRtti hone para apane sthAna para A jAtA hai| (7) vedanIya karma ke adhika rahane para aura Ayu karma ke kama rahane para Ayu karma ko binA bhoge hI Ayu aura vedanIya karma barAbara karane ke liye. AtmapradezoM kA samasta loka meM vyApta ho jAnA kevalIsamudghAta hai| isa apekSA se AtmA vyApaka hai| jisa prakAra rUpAdi ghaTa meM hI upalabdha hote haiM, usI prakAra AtmA zarIra meM hI upalabdha hotI hai| tathA zarIra ke saMpUrNa pradezoM meM vyApta rahatI hai| AtmA ko sarvagata mAnane se vaha sarvajJa ho jAyegI, phira apane sukha 1. anyayo. vya. 1 87 2010_03

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duHkha kA saMvedana kaise karegI, kyoMki AtmA ko sukha duHkha hote haiN|' kevalIsamudghAta ke atirikta eka aura kAraNa se bhI AtmA vyApaka hai - vaha hai usakA jJAna guNa / jJAna samasta padArthoM ko jAnane se sarvagata hai / ' jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| use aura AtmA ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI dRSTi se jJAniyoM ne dravya ( AtmA ) ko vizvarUpa kahA hai| " jJAnI ( AtmA ) ko jJAna se bhinna kara diyA jAtA hai to donoM ke acetana hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 1 jJAna ko aura jJAnI ko bhinna mAnane se hameM apanA hI jJAna nahIM hogA / ' jJAna sarvagata hai, vyApaka hai, isa apekSA se AtmA vyApaka hai| AtmA ko karmAnusAra jisa prakAra kA zarIra prApta hotA hai, vaha usI anusAra apanA saMkoca vistAra kara letI hai| zarIra kA koI aMza aisA nahIM hotA, jahA~ Atma pradezoM kA abhAva rhe| usameM yaha svAbhAvika zakti hai ki vaha zarIra ko vyApta kara le|' kevalIsamudghAta ke samaya vaha loka meM vyApta hotA hai, jIva ke madhya ke ATha pradeza meru parvata ke nIce citrA pRthvI ke vajramaya paTala ke madhya meM sthita ho jAte haiM aura zeSa pradeza Upara nIce aura tirache, samasta loka ko vyApa lete hai / ' amRtacaMdrAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM amUrta AtmA kA saMkoca vistAra kaise saMbhava hai yaha prazna uThAkara svayaM samAdhAna kara diyA ki "yaha to anubhavagamya hai - jaise jIva sthUla tathA kRza zarIra meM, bAlaka tathA kumAra ke zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai| " 118 nizcayadRSTi se sahajazuddha lokAkAza pramANa asaMkhyapradezI jIva hone para bhI vyabahAra se anAdibaMdha ke kAraNa parAdhIna zarIra nAmakarma udaya ke kAraNa 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 177. 2. pravacanasAra 23-28 3. paM. kA 43 4. paMcAstikAya 48 5. syAdvAdamaM pR. 67 6. sa. si. 5.8.541. 7. bahI 8. pra. sA. tA.vR. 137 2010_03 88

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saMkoca vistAra yukta hokara ghaTAdi pAtra meM dIpaka kI taraha svadeha pramANa hai|' nityatA tathA parimANI anityatAH-AcArAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha hI isa sUtra se haA hai ki AtmA pariNamanazIla hai| jaise kucha manuSyoM ko yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI ki "maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~ 'pazcima dizA se AyA hU~' uttara, Urdhva, adho, yA kisI anya dizA se AyA hU~ yA anudizA se AyA huuN|" ___ isa anusaMcaraNa kA itanA mahatva batAyA ki ise "AtmavAdI' kA lakSaNa taka batA diyaa|' paryAya kI dRSTi se AtmA anitya hai, paraMtu dravya kI apekSA nitya hai| jaise saMsArI paryAya kI dRSTi se naSTa, mukta ke rUpa meM utpanna aura dravyatva kI dRSTi se avasthita hai|' sAMkhya AtmA (puruSa) ko sarvathA apariNAmI mAnatA hai|' manuSyatva se naSTa huA jIva devatva ko upalabdha hotA hai, para isameM jIva na utpanna hotA hai, na nsstt| paryAya pariNamana rUpa kriyA se AtmA anitya aura dravyatva yA jIvatva meM sadaiva sthAyI hone se nitya hai| tatvArtha meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ko niSkriya btaayaa| isase yaha bhalI prakAra se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki pudgala aura jIva sakriya hai| kriyA kI vyAkhyA pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra kI hai| "aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta se utpanna hone vAlI jo paryAya dravya ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM prApta karAne kA kAraNa hai, vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai|' yaha gatikriyA saMsArI jIvoM meM hotI haiM isIliye yaha vibhAva kriyA kahalAtI hai aura siddhoM meM mAtra svabhAva kriyA hai, jo Urdhva loka kI ora hI le jAtI hai aura saMsArI jIvoM kI kriyA chaha dizAoM meM hotI haiN| dravya aura utpAda vyaya dhrauvya pariNAma yukta sat (nitya) hai|' AtmA 1. vRda.ma.TI. 2.9.18. 2. AcAgaMga mUtra 1.1.1 3. vahI 1.1.5 4. gaNadharavAda 1843 5. mAyakArikA. 17. 6. pa. kA 17. 7. ma.si. 5.7.539 evaM ta.vA. 5.7.446. 8. ni.mA.tA.va. 184. 366. 9. pra.mA. 2010_03

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dravya hai, ataH vaha bhI anya dravyoM kI taraha nitya hai aura pariNAmI bhii| pariNAmI kyA hai? isakA tatvArtha meM samAdhAna hai| dravya kA prati samaya badalate rahanA pariNAma hai|' pariNAma svAbhAvika aura prAyogika do prakAra se hotA hai| jIva aura pudgala inameM svAbhAvika aura prAyogika donoM paryAyeM (pariNamana) pAyI jAtI haiN| isa pariNamana kI apekSA jIva anitya hai| dravya kI apekSA nitya va apariNAmI evaM paryAya kI apekSA jIva anitya aura pariNAmI hai| AtmA kartA bhoktA haiM:-uttarAdhyayana meM AtmA ko nAnAvidha karmoM kA kartA kahA hai|' bhoktA ke rUpa meM aneka jAti, yoni meM janma letA hai|' pApakarma kA kartA usake phala kA bhoktA bane binA mukta nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva svakRta karma phala kA bhoktA hai yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM spaSTa vivecana hai| gautama svAmI prazna karate haiM ki "jIva svakRta karma kA bhoktA hai yA nahIM? paramAtmA samAdhAna karate haiM- kisI ko bhogatA haiM, kisI ko nhiiN| gautama kI jijJAsA zAMta nahIM hii| unhoMne punaH pUchA-aisA kyoM? taba bhagavAna ne kahA-jo vartamAna meM udaya avasthA meM haiM, unheM bhogatA hai;jo sattA (beleMsa) meM haiM, unheM nhiiN| isase yaha na samajhe ki ve bhaviSya meM bhogane nahIM pdd'eNge| bhogane to usa ko par3eMge hI jo kartA haiN|' isa prazna se lagatA hai, usa samaya kucha aisI mAnyatA rahI hogI ki kartA aura bhoktA bhinna-bhinna haiM yA Izvara kI kRpA ho jAya to azubha kA pariNAma bhugatanA nahIM pdd'egaa| bhagavAna ke samAdhAna se yaha vyAvahArika asaMtulana bhI khatma huA ki 1. ta.sU. 5.42 2. nyAyavi.TI. 1.10 3. bhagavatI 1.3.7 4. uttaradhyiyana 3.2 5. uttarAdhyayana 3.3 6. uttarAdhyayana 3.4 7. bhagavatI 1.2.2.3. 90 ___ 2010_03

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karma koI kareM aura bhoktA koI bneN| AtmA ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva se hI jIva mAtra ke karmoM kI viSamatA sthApita hotI hai| vibhinna prANI haiM, una sabhI ke karma baMdha bhI vibhinna (asamAna) haiN| ata: unake phala bhI asamAna hI haiN| bhagavatI meM samAnatva aura asamAnatva ko lekara lambI carcA hai|' kuMdakudAcArya ne samayasAra meM nayazailI se AtmA ko vyavahAra naya se jJAnAvaraNIya karma, audArikAdi zarIra, AhArAdi paryApti ke yogya pudgala rUpa no karma aura bAhya padArtha ghaTapaTAdi kA kartA kahA hai, paraMtu azuddha nizcaya naya se rAga dveSa Adi bhAva karmoM kA tathA zuddha nizcaya naya se zuddha cetana jJAna darzana svarUpa zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA hai| saMsAra evaM mokSa ina donoM kA bhI jIva svayaM hI kartA bhoktA hai|' samayasAra meM saMpUrNa dvitIya aMka kartA aura karma adhikAra vAlA hai| samayasAra ke anusAra vyavahAra naya se AtmA aneka pudgala karmoM kA kartA, aneka karmapudgaloM kA bhoktA hai| - ina karmoM ko AtmA vyApyavyApaka bhAva se to karatA hI nahIM, nimitta naimittikabhAva se bhI AtmA karttA nahI hai| jIva ghaTa, paTa athavA anya kinhIM dravyoM kA kartA nahIM hai| parantu ghaTAdi va krodhAdi ko utpanna karane vAle yoga va upayoga kA kartA hai|' AtmA kartA aura bhoktA upacAra (vyavahAra) se hai, paramArtha se nhiiN| jIva nimittabhUta hone para karmabaMdha kA pariNAma hotA huA dekha kara, jIva ne karma kiyA, yaha upacAra mAtra se kahA jAtA hai| yuddha meM senA hI saMgharSa karatI hai, para kathana yahI hotA hai-rAjA ne yuddha kiyaa| usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma jIva ne kiye, yaha bhI upacAra 1. bhagavatI 1.2.5-10. 2. samayasAra 98. 3. kArtikeyAnupekSA 188. 4. samayasAra 84 5. samayasAra 100 6. samayasAra 105 2010_03

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se kathana hai|' nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se AtmA para padArthoM kA kartA nahIM hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai, ki maiM dUsaroM ko mAratA hU~-dUsare mujhe mArate haiM, vaha ajJAnI hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM dUsaroM ko sukhI karatA hU~, dUsare mujhe sukhI karate haiM vaha mUrkha hai| isase viparIta mAnane vAlA jJAnI hai kyoMki karmodaya se hI jIva sukhI-duHkhI hote haiN|' . jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa aura zuddhAtmA kA svarUpaH-jIvoM kA mukhya vibhAjana saMsArI jIva aura mukta jIva ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai|' muktAtmA kA svarUpaH-AtmA jJAnamaya, darzanamaya, atIndriya, mahA padArtha, dhruva, acala, nirAlaMba aura zuddha hai| AtmA dhruva, nizcita zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| yaha kAla kI apekSA se AtmA ke lakSaNa hai, bhAva kI apekSA avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza haiN|' ___AcArAMga meM karmamukta AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra prApta hotA hai| zuddhAtmA avarNanIya, agamya, zarIra rahita, jJAtA, na dIrgha, na hrasva, na vRtta, na trikoNa, na catuSkoNa, na parimaMDala, na kRSNa, na nIla, na lAla, na pIta, na zukla, na sugaMdhita, na durgaMdhayukta, na tikta, na kaTu, na kaSAya, na amla, na madhura, na karkaza, na mRdu, na gurU, na laghu, na zIta, na uSNa, na snigdha, na rukSa hai| vaha zarIramukta, karmamukta, alepa, strI-puruSa- napuMsaka Adi veda rahita hai| vaha mAtra parijJA hai, saMjJA hai, caitanyamaya hai, anupameya va amUrta hai vaha padAtIta, zabdAtIta, rUpAtIta, rasAtIta, sparzAtIta hai|' AcArya kuMdakuMda ne AtmA ko nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se jJAyaka hI kahA hai| vaha na pramatta hai, na apramatta, na jJAna darzana cAritra svarUpa hai|' vaha to mAtra ananya, zuddha, upayoga svarUpa hai| 1. samayasAra 106. 2. samayasAra 247-258. 3. ta.sU. 2.10, ThANAMga 2.409 4. pra.sA. 192 5. ThANAMga 5.173 6. AcArAMga 3.123-40 va samayasAra 50-55 7. samayasAra 92 2010_03

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niyamasAra meM bhI AtmA ko niHzalya, nimrantha, vItarAga, sarvadoSa vimukta, niSkAma, nikrodha, nirmAna, nirmada batAyA hai|' kuMdakuMda ne AtmA kA bhAvAtmaka svarUpa batAte hue kahA ki kevalajJAna svabhAva, kevaladarzana svabhAva, anaMtasukhamaya, anaMtavIryamaya AtmA haiN| yahI lakSaNa uttarAdhyayana meM milatA hai|' ____ karmayukta AtmAH-jaba taka AtmA jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karma se baMdhA huA hai, taba taka vaha saMsArI AtmA kahalAtI hai| jyoMhI ye karma samApta hote haiM yA jIva se karmoM kA saMbaMdha vicchinna hotA hai, usakA zuddha aura ujjvala rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ise paramAtmA yA siddhAtmA bhI kahate haiN| ___ aba hama azuddhAtmA kA vivecana kreNge| jIva meM jJAna aura darzana guNa kI dhArA niraMtara bahatI rahatI hai| jaisA-jaisA bAhya yA aMtaraMga nimitta milatA hai, usake anusAra vaha kArya karatI rahatI hai| itanA avazya hai ki vaha dhArA nyUnAdhika hotI rahatI hai| saMsArI avasthA meM vaha malIna, malInatara yA malInatama hotI hai aura kevalI avasthA meM paripUrNa vizuddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki kevalI meM bAhya va antaraMga kAraNa apekSita nahIM rhte|' ___ kuMdakuMdAcArya ne AtmA kA svarUpa paMcAstikAya meM batAte hue kahA hai ki-AtmA caitanya, upayoga svarUpa, prabhu, kartA, bhoktA, dehapramANa, amUrta, va karmasaMyukta hai| SaDdarzana samuccaya meM AcArya haribhadrasUri ne jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki - jIva caitanyasvarUpa, jJAna darzana Adi guNoM se bhinna-bhinna, manuSyAdi vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, zubha azubha karma kA kartA aura phala kA bhoktA hai|' jIva anAdinidhana hai aura cetanA usakA sahaja svabhAva hai|' 1. ni.sA. 44. 2. ni.sA. 96 3. uttarAdhyayana 28.11 4. paM.kA. 20 5. sa.si. 2.8.273 6. paM.kA. 27 7. SaDdarzana samuccaya 48-49. 8. abhidhAna rAjendra koSa bhA. 4 pR. 1519. 93 2010_03

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bhagavatI meM jIva aura prANa ko bhinna batAyA hai| gautama ne jIva aura caitanya kI jaba bhinnatA pachI, taba prabhu ne jIva aura caitanya ko ekArthaka btaayaa| paraMtu jaba prANa aura jIva kI bhinnatA pUchI to kahA - jo prANa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha to jIva hai, paraMtu jo jIva hai usake liye prANa dhAraNa karanA anivArya nahIM hai| zuddhAtmA ke prANa nahIM hote|' sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko upacAra se karmoM kA sukhAdi jo phala hai, usakA vAstavika bhoktA mAnatA hai| yadyapi AtmA zuddhanaya se nirvikAra hai! parama AhlAda jisakA lakSaNa hai aise sukhAmRta kA bhoktA hai to bhI azuddhanaya se sAMsArika sukha duHkha kA bhI bhoktA hotA hai| jIva ko vAstavika bhoktA na kahakara agara upacAra se kahA jAya to sukha duHkha kA saMvedana nirAdhAra ho jaayegaa|' AtmA aura bhAvaH-tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne AtmA ke bhAvoM ko pA~ca viziSTa nAma diye haiM-aupazamika, kSAyika, mizra, audayika aura pAriNAmikA ina pA~coM kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra batAyI hai| aupazamikaH-jaise kataka Adi dravya ke saMbaMdha se jala meM kIcar3a kA upazama ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM karma kI nija zakti kA kAraNa vaza prakaTa na honA yA kucha samaya ke liye roka denA upazama hai| jisa bhAva kA prayojana arthAt kAraNa 'upazama' hai, vaha aupazamika bhAva hai|' ise spaSTa karate hue kSu. jinendra varNI ne likhA hai- karmoM ke dabane ko upazama aura usase utpanna jIva ke zuddha pariNAmoM ko aupazarmika bhAva kahate haiN| umAsvAti ne aupazamika bhAva ke do bheda kiye haiM- samyaktva aura cAritrA' kaSAyavedanIya ke anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha, aura darzanamohanIya ke samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyag mithyAtva ye tIna bheda, ina sAta ke upazama 1. bhagavatI 6.10.2. 2. bhagavatI 6.10.6 3. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 49.96. 4. vR.dra.sa. 9. 5. syAdvAda; 15.139. 6. ta.sU. 2.1 7. sa.si. 2.1.252. 8. ta.sU. 2.3 2010_03

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se aupazamika bhAva hotA hai|' samyagdarzana kA ghAta ina tIna darzanamohanIya aura cAra anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| ina sAtoM prakRtiyoM ke upazama se tatvaruci prakaTa hotI hai, use aupazamika samyaktva kahate haiN| zubha aura azubha kriyAoM meM kramazaH pravRtti aura nivRtti ko cAritra kahate haiN| cAritra mohanIya karma ke upazama se aupazamika cAritra prakaTa hotA hai| 2 kSAyika bhAvaH - karmoM kA sarvathA AtmA se alaga ho jAnA, kSaya hai / kataka ( phiTakarI ) DAlane se nirmala hue pAnI ko dUsare bartana meM DAlane se jaise kIcar3a kA atyanta abhAva ho jAtA hai / yaha kSAyika bhAva navabheda yukta hai| jJAna darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, samyaktva aura cAritra ! ' samagra jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya, vIryAntarAya, darzanamoha va cAritra moha ke Atyantika kSaya hone para ina kSAyika bhAvoM kA udaya hotA hai| dAnAdilabdhiyoM ke kArya ke lie zarIra nAma va tIrthaMkara nAma ke udaya kI apekSA hotI hai| cU~ki siddhoM meM inakA udaya nahIM hai, ataH unameM ye labdhiyA~ avyAbAdha anantasukha rUpa se rahatI hai| jaise - kevala jJAna rUpa meM anantavIrya / ' ye nau kSAyika bhAva saMsAra ( kevalI ) aura mokSa donoM meM upalabdha haiN| aupazamika aura kSAyika bhAva bhavya jIva meM hI pAye jAte haiM / " mizraH - ise kSAyopazamika bhAva bhI kahate haiN| yaha bhAva karmoM ke AMzika upazama aura AMzika kSaya se paidA hotA hai| jisa prakAra phiTakarI Adi ke prayoga se jala meM kucha kIcar3a kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura kucha banA rahatA hai / " kSAyopazamika ke 18 bheda haiN| matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaparyavijJAna, mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna, vibhaMga jJAna, cakSu darzana, acakSu darzana, avadhi darzana, 1. sa. si. 2.3257. 2. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigama sUtra 2.3.77 3. sa. si. 2.1.252. 4. ta. sU. 2.4 5. ta. rA.vo. 2.4.1-7.105-106 6. sa. si. 2.1.253. 7. sa. si. 2.1.252 2010_03 95

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pA~ca labdhi-dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya, samyaktva, cAritra aura sNymaasNym|' udaya prApta sarvaghAtI spardhakoM kA kSaya hone se aura anudaya prApta sarvaghAtI spardhakoM kA sadavasthA rUpa upazama hone para tathA dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya hone para mizra arthAt kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai| audayika bhAvaH-mana, vacana aura kAya kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko karane se zubha, azubha karmoM kA saMcaya Atma pradezoM meM hotA rahatA hai, ye karma kAlalabdhi se paka kara jaba dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se phala pradAna karate rahate haiM, taba yaha unakI udaya avasthA hai|' audayika bhAvoM ke ikkIsa bheda batalAye haiN| cAra gati-deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura naraka, cAra kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, tIna liMga- strI liMga, puruSa liMga aura napuMsaka liMga, mithyAdarzana, ajJAna, asaMyata, asiddhatva evaM chaH lezyAkRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma aura shukl| ye audayika bhAva ke ikkIsa bheda haiN|' bhagavatI sUtra meM cha: bhAva batAye haiM-audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika, 'sannipAtikA' audayika bhAva ko do prakAra kA batAyA- udaya aura udayaniSpanna! udaya kA artha ATha karma prakRti kA phala pradAna karanA hai| udayaniSpanna ke do bhedajIvodaya niSpanna aura ajIvodaya nisspnn| karma ke udaya se jIva meM hone vAle nAraka, tiryaMca Adi paryAya jIvodayaniSpanna evaM karma ke udaya se ajIva meM hone vAle paryAya ajIvodayaniSpanna kahalAte haiN| jaise audArikAdi zarIra aura audArikAdi zarIra meM rahe hue vrnnaadi| ye audArika zarIranAmakarma ke udaya se pudgaladravya rUpa ajIva meM niSpanna hone se ajIvodayaniSpanna kahalAte haiN| pAriNAmika bhAvaH-AtmA kA pAriNAmika bhAva hI ajIva se use pRthak siddha karatA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva AtmA kA svabhAva hai,anya sArebhAva karmajanya aura karmakSaya ke udaya se hote haiM jabaki pAriNAmika bhAva karma ke udaya, 1. ta.sU. 2.5. 2. ta.rA.vA. 2.5.3.106 (vistRta vivecana hetu tattvArtha TIkA dekheM) 3. sa.si. 2.1.252 4. ta.sU. 2.6. 5. bhagavatI 17.1.28. 6. bhagavatI 17.1.29. ___ 2010_03

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upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ke binA hote haiM, isaliye ye 'pAriNAmika hai|' paMcAstikAya meM jIva ko pariNAmI bhAva ke kAraNa hI anAdi anaMta kahA hai| yahI anAdi anaMta jIva audayika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika bhAva se sAdi saMta haiM, kSAyika bhAva se sAdi anaMta hai|' bhagavatI meM AtmA ko ATha prakAra kI batAyI hai| ye ATha prakAra apekSA se haiN| jisa samaya AtmA jisa pariNAma (bhAva) maya ho, usa samaya vahI bhAva AtmA kA hai- dravyAtmA, kaSAyAtmA, yogAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA aura cAritrAtmA aura viiryaatmaa| dravyAtmA sabhI saMsArI AtmAoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| kaSAyAtmA upazAMta aura kSINakaSAya AtmA ke atirikta sabhI saMsArI AtmAoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| yogAtmA ayogI kevalI aura siddhoM ke atirikta sabhI meM pAyI jAtI hai| upayogAtmA- yaha AtmA siddha aura saMsArI sabhI meM pAyI jAtI hai| jJAnAtmAyaha samyagdRSTi jIvoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| jJAna yahA~ samyagjJAna kI apekSA se kahA hai| darzanAtmA- yaha AtmA sabhI jIvoM meM nyUnAdhikatA se pAyI jAtI hai| cAritrAtmA- yaha virati dhara muniyoM meM yA vratadhArI zrAvakoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| vIryAtmA- sakaraNa vIrya yukta AtmA sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| siddhoM meM sakaraNa vIrya nahIM hotaa| kaunasI AtmA ke sAtha kauna sI AtmA pAyI jAtI hai? isakA vivecana bhI bhagavatI sUtra meM vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai|' tattvArtha sUtra meM pAriNAmika bhAva ke tIna bheda kiye haiM-jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhvytv| ye tInoM bhAva mAtra jIva dravya meM hI pAye jAte haiM, anya dravyoM meM nhiiN| jIvatva kA artha caitanya hai| jisake samyagdarzana Adi bhAva prakaTa hone kI yogyatA hai, use bhavya evaM isase viparIta ko abhavya kahate haiN|' ina tInoM bhAvoM ko zuddha pAriNAmika aura azuddhapAriNAmika meM bhI bA~TA jA sakatA hai| 1. ma.mi. 2.7.268. 2. pacAstikAya 53. 3. pa.kA.tA vR. 53. 1. bhagavatI 12.10.1. 5. bhgvtii|2.10.2-8. 6. ta.mU.2.7. 7. ma.mi. 2.7.268. 2010_03

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saMsArI jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa (vasa aura sthAvara kI apekSA):-kAya do prakAra kI hai- trasakAya aura sthAvara kaay|' jinake trasa nAma karma kA udaya haiM, ve trasa evaM jinake sthAvara nAma karma kA udaya haiN| ve sthAvara kahalAte hai| jo cala phira sake ve trasa evaM sthira rahe ve sthAvara hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra apUrva aura alaukika puruSa the| ve sarvajJa, sarvadarzI the| unhoMne jIvoM kA jisa prakAra se sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai, Aja taka aisA vizleSaNa aura vargIkaraNa kisI bhI saMpradAya ke liye saMbhava nahIM bnaa| jahA~ kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI, vahA~ unhoMne jIvoM kA sthAna batAkara unakI saMpUrNa AhAra Adi kriyAoM ko vizleSita kiyaa| AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM sthAvara jIvoM kA sUkSma ciMtana upalabdha hotA hai| sthAvara pA~ca haiM- pRthvI, ap, teu, vAyu aura vnspti|' _anekoM prakAra se Atura mAnava pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko saMtapta karatA hai una jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA, karAnA va usakA anumodana karanA jIva ke liye ghAtaka hotA hai| jisa prakAra kA vedanA bodha janma se aMdha, badhira, mUka, paMgu aura manuSya ko hotA hai, usI prakAra kA avyakta vedanA bodha pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra se apkAya' kA, teukAya kA', vAukAya' aura vanaspati' kA vivecana hai| sthAvara ke AhAra sthiti Adi kI carcAH-pRthvIkAya, apkAya teukAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspati kAya Adi kI jaghanya sthiti antamuhUrta kI evaM utkRSTa 1. ThANAMga 2.164. evaM uttarAdhyayana 36.68. ta.sU. 2.12. 2. sa.si. 2.12.284. 3. jIva vicAra 4. AcArAMga 1.2.15.17. 5. vahI 1.2.28 6. vahI 1.3.39-53. 7. vahIM 1.4.73.84. 8. vahIM 1.7.152-168. 9. vahI. 1.5.101-112. 98 2010_03

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sthiti 22 hajAra varSa kI hai| ina sabhI sthAvara jIvoM kA zvAsa kAma viSama arthAt anizcita hai| ye AhAra ke abhilASI pratikSaNa rahate haiN|' dravya se anaMtapradezI, kSetra se chaH dizAoM meM, kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla, sapheda varNa kA, surabhi gaMdhadurabhigaMdha kA, tiktyAdi pA~coM rasoM kA, karkazAdi AThoM sparzoM kA AhAra lete haiN| asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA AhAra aura anaMtaveM bhAga kA sparza karate haiN| AhAra kiye hue pudgala sAtA asAtA vividha prakAra se bAra-bAra pariNata hote rahate haiN| __ina sabhI kI vedanA samAna hotI hai| asaMjJI hote haiM arthAta mana rahita hote haiN| mAyI aura mithyAdRSTi hone ke kAraNa unheM niyama se AraMbhikI Adi pA~coM kriyAe~ lagatI rahatI haiN| saMsArI AtmA saMjJI aura asaMjJI arthAt mana rahita aura mana sahita aise do prakAra kI hai|' vanaspati sajIva hai, hajAroM varSa pUrva kI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI isa ghoSaNA ko prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra vasu ne san 1920 meM pramANita kiyA thaa| vanaspati-'AcArAMga' meM manuSya aura vanaspati kI spaSTa tulanA kI gayI hai| "maiM kahatA haiM manuSya bhI janmatA hai vanaspati bhii| manuSya bhI bar3hatA hai, vanaspati bhI bar3hatI hai| manuSya bhI cetanayukta hai, vanaspati bhI cetanayukta hai| chinna hone para manuSya aura vanaspati donoM mlAna hote haiN| manuSya aura vanaspati donoM AhAra karate haiN| manuSya bhI anitya hai vanaspati bhI anitya hai, donoM azAzvata haiN|" spaMdana. Movement sAdhAraNataH vanaspatiyA~ apane sthAna para hI rahatI hai| unakI gati tane, puSpa, patrAdi kI vRddhi ke rUpa meM yA saMvedana se hone vAle halana calana ke rUpa meM hotI hai| chuImuI ke paudhe ko chUte hI usameM halana calana prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| sUryamukhI sadaiva sUrya kI ora hI mu~ha rakhatA hai| sanaDrayU aura vInasa 1. bhagavatI 1.1.12,13 pR. 27.28. 2. bhagavatI 1.2.7 pR. 47-48. 3. ta.sU. 2.11. 4. AcArAMga sUtra 1.5.56 2010_03

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phlAi-Trepa ke paudhe apane phUloM para kITa-pataMgoM ke baiThate hI apane nAgapAza meM le lete haiN| yaha kriyA eka sekiNDa ke zatAMza meM hI ho jAtI hai| zArIrika gaThana yA organisation- sajIva jo eka hI jAti ke haiM, unakA nizcita AkAra prakAra rUpa raMga hotA hai| eka hI jAti ke vanaspati kA rUpa, patte, phala, phUla Adi kA gaThana eka jaisA hotA hai|' ____ bhojana aura usakA svIkaraNaH-(Food and its assimilation) bhojana kI kriyA jIvadhArI meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| vanaspati meM yaha kriyA pratyakSa dekhI jAtI hai| vaha miTTI, pAnI, pavana Adi se bhojana prApta karake apane aMgoM ko puSTa karatI hai| ye bhI dugdhAhArI, mAMsAhArI, nirAmiSAhArI vibhinna prakAra kI hotI hai| pravardhana (Growth) bar3hanA! vaha bhI anupAta meM sajIva meM hI hotA hai| nanhA-sA bIja vaTavRkSa ke AkAra kA ho jAtA hai| usake phala, phUla, patte eka nizcita sImA meM bar3hate haiN| zvasana Respiration-jIvoM meM zvAsa kriyA anivArya hai| yaha zvAsa kI prakriyA vanaspati meM pattoM dvArA saMpanna hotI hai| hamArI sabase adhika vanaspati kI nikaTatA kA mukhya kAraNa zvasana hai| hama zvAsa dvArA jisa havA ko (kArbana DAi AksAiDa) chor3ate haiM, per3a paudhe use grahaNa karate haiM aura per3a paudhe oNksIjana ko chor3ate haiM, use hama grahaNaM karate haiN| ise apane lekha "jaina AgamoM meM vanaspati vijJAna' meM kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne prayogoM dvArA bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| donoM upacita aura apacita hote haiN| manuSya aura vanaspati donoM hI vividha avasthA ko prApta hote haiN|' isa saMpUrNa vivecana ko basu ne apane zodha yaMtra ke dvArA pratyakSa kiyaa| unhoMne eka aise yaMtra kA nirmANa kiyA jo vanaspati kI sajIvatA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| vaha yaMtra paudhoM kI gatividhiyoM ko eka karor3a guNA bar3A karake dikhAtA thaa| samaya kA bodha bhI eka sekaNDa ke sahasraveM bhAga taka hotA thaa| 1. vijJAna loka aprela 1962 pR. 14. 2. marudhara kesarI abhinaMdana grantha khaNDa 2 1. 147. 3. marudhara kesarI abhinaMdana graMtha khaMDa 2 pu. 147 4. AcArAMga 1.5.113. 100 2010_03

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paudhoM kI saMpUrNa kriyA, pratikriyA svataH aMkita ho jAtI thii| ina yaMtroM se unheM spaSTa vizvAsa ho gayA ki vanaspati aura manuSyoM para nIMda, tApa, vAyu aura AhAra kA lagabhaga samAna hI prabhAva par3atA hai|' basu ne siddha kara diyA ki sacetanatA, spaMdanazIlatA, zArIrika gaThana, bhojana, vardhana, zvasana, prajanana, anukUlana, visarjana, maraNa (Irritability,Movement, Organisation, Food, Growth, Respiration, Reproduction, Adoptation, Excreation and Death.) Adi samasta guNa vanaspati meM bhI vidyamAna hai| vanaspati meM AhAra saMjJA prayogasiddha hai| tatkSaNa tor3e gaye DaMThala sahita sapheda yA anya gulAba ko lAla pAnI meM DaMThala sahita DubAkara rkhiye| kucha samaya bAda pattiyoM para lAla raMga spaSTa dikhegaa| pyAse kele ke paudhe ko jala milate hI pIne lagatA hai, jisakI AvAja bhI pAsa baiThA vyakti suna sakatA hai| murajhAye paudhoM ko muskurAte pratidina hama dekhate haiN| vanaspati prakAza se bhI prabhAvita hotI hai| paudhoM ke tane sadA prakAza kI ora tathA usakI jar3a viruddha dizA meM jamIna kI ora mur3atI jAtI hai| prajanana Reproduction:_jIvadhArI meM hI prajanana zakti pAyI jAtI hai| vanaspati bhI prajanana karatI hai| secana kriyA dvArA parAgakaNa yoninalI ke mArga se garbhAzaya (Overy)meM paha~cate haiN| vahA~ pratyeka parAgakaNa eka rajakaNa se jur3atA hai| jitane rajakaNa hoMge utane hI bIja bana garbhAzaya meM paidA hote haiN| secana sva bhI hotA hai aura para bhii| jaba kisI phala kA parAgakaNa usI phala se yonichatra taka pahu~catA hai to vaha svasecana kahalAtA hai| jaise kRSNakolI, sUryamukhI Adi phUloM kA svasecana hotA hai| jaba kisI phUla kA parAga kaNa anya kITa, pataMga, jAnavara, jala Adi dvArA pahu~catA hai to parasecana kahalAtA hai| bhrUNa vijJAna (vanaspati vijJAna kI upazAkhA) isI viSaya para AdhArita hai| bhAratIya vaijJAnika pro. paMcAnana mAhezvarI bhrUNa vaijJAnikoM meM agraNI haiM jinhoMne anekoM prayoga isa viSaya para kiye haiN|' 1. navanIta pharavarI 1957 pR. 37 2. prAraMbhika jIva vijJAna pR. 197. 3. jaina AgamoM meM banaspati vijJAna pR. 15-16 __101 ___ 2010_03

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anukUlana Adoptation apane ko paristhiti ke anusAra vanaspati bhI anya prANiyoM kI taraha DhAla letI hai| registAnI paudhoM kI pattiyA~ sajala sthAnoM ke paudhoM kI apekSA choTI hotI haiM tAki unase bhApa banakara pAnI kama udd'e| visarjana excreation zvasana kI taraha inameM visarjana kriyA bhI pattoM dvArA sampanna hotI hai| mRtya Death jIvita paudhe prAraMbha meM tejI se vRddhi karate haiM, paraMtu bAda meM yaha gati dhImI ho jAtI hai aura anta meM ve paudhe murajhA jAte haiM, jo unakA maraNa kahalAtA hai| vanaspati ke bhedaH-jaina darzana ke anusAra vanaspati ke do bheda haiN| sUkSma vanaspatikAya aura bAdara vnsptikaay|' pratyeka vanaspati arthAt eka zarIrAzrita eka hI AtmA, jaise sarasoM ke anekoM dAnoM ko gur3a mizrita kara laDDu banAte haiN| laDDu eka piNDa hone para bhI dAnoM kA astitva alaga-alaga hotA hai, vaise hI bAhara se eka dikhane para bhI jo jIva apane zarIra kA bhinna astitva rakheM, use pratyeka vanaspatikAya kahate haiN| sAdhAraNa vanaspati arthAta nigoda ke jiiv| ve itane sUkSma haiM ki cakSu se agrAhya haiN| inake eka do tIna saMkhyAta va asaMkhyAta jIvoM kA piNDa nahIM dikhatA apitu anaMtajIvoM kA piNDa hI dekhA jA sakatA hai|' jainAgamoM me nirupita sUkSma sthAvara jIvoM kI tulanA baikTeriyA se kI jA sakatI hai| baikTeriyA ke bAre meM vaijJAnikoM kA kathana haiM ki ye itane choTe haiM ki sUkSma yaMtroM se bhI inakA patA lagAnA kaThina hai| saMsAra meM aisI koI jagaha nahIM, jahA~ ye na hoN| bahuta se kITANu to pratyeka tApakrama para raha sakate haiN| ye baikTIriyA aneka prakAra kI AkRti vAle hai| inameM se sUkSma golAkAra AkRti ke kITANu jinheM kokAI kahate haiM tathA cakkaradAra AkRti ke kITANu 1. patravaNA sUtra 1.36 2. panavaNA 1.56 3. "suhamA ANAgijjA.... NigoajIvANatANa" pannavaNA 1. gA. 103 pR. 63. 4. kRSizAstra pR. 125 _102 2010_03

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jinheM spAirala kahate haiM, sUkSma yA nigoda vanaspatikAya meM garbhita kiye jA sakate haiN| prANI mAtra meM AhArasaMjJA, nidrAsaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA aura maithunasaMjJA hotI hai|' saba prANiyoM meM vanaspati bhI A jAtI hai| vanaspati kaba jyAdA kama AhAra karatI hai, isakA bhagavatI meM isa prakAra ullekha AtA hai- varSA Rtu meM vanaspati adhika AhAra karatI hai| tadanaMtara anukrama se zarada, hemaMta, vasaMta va grISma Rtu meM alpa se alpa AhAra karatI hai| ' pRthvI, jala aura vanaspati meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejas ye cAra lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vanaspati kI pratyeka kriyA jo zatAbdiyoM pUrva ghoSita kI gaI thI, vaha prayogazAlA meM pramANita ho cukI hai| ina sthAvara jIvoM ke sparzana, indriya, kAya, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu ye cAra prANa pAye * jAte haiN| trasa - jIvoM ke bhedaH - beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya ye sa hai / " jinake sparzana aura rasanendriya ho ve beindriya hote haiN| sparzana, kAya, Ayu, zvAsocchvAsa, rasanA aura vacana isa prakAra inake chaH prANa hote haiM / indriya ghrANa indriya bar3hane se sAta prANa hote haiN| cakSu indriya milane se caturindriya ke ATha prANa, zrotrendriya milane se asaMjJI paMcendriya ke nau evaM manobala ke milAne se saMjJI paMcendriya ke dasa prANa hote haiM / ' kauna jIva kitanI indriya vAlA hai: - kRmi, sIpa, zaMkha, gaMDolA, ariSTa, candanaka, zaMbuka Adi beindriya jIva haiN| " jU~, lIkha, khaTamala, cIMTI, iMdragopa, dImaka, jhIMgara, illI Adi teindriya 1. kRSizAstra pR. 1264. 2. ThANAMga. 4.23. 3. bhagavatI 7.3.1 4. "egiMdiyANaM.... vaNassaikAiyAbavi" patravaNA 17.2. 1159-61 5. sa. si. 2.13.286. 6. ta. sU. 2.14 7. sa. si. 2.14.288. 8. jIvavicAra 15 2010_03 103

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jIva hai|' makar3I, pataMgA, DAMsa, bhauMrA, madhumakkhI, gomakkhI, macchara, TiDDI, tataiyA, Adi caturindriya jIva kahalAte haiN|' paMcendriya ke prakAra-samasta paMcendriya ko cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| ye saMsArI paMcendriya kI apekSA se hai| tiryaMca, manuSya, deva-nAraka aura paMcendriya saMsAra samApannakA' prathama tiryaca paMcendriya ke upabheda karate haiM:-samasta tiryaMca paMcendriya tIna prakAra ke haiM-jalacara, thalacara aura khecr| jo jala meM rahate haiM, ve jalacara hai| jalacara pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-matsya, kachue, grAha, magara, aura suNsumaar| matsya pA~ca, kacchapa do, grAha pA~ca, magara do, evaM susumAra eka hI prakAra ke batAye haiN|'. ye sabhI tiryaMcayonika eka apekSA se do prakAra ke bhI hai| mucchima aura grbhj| inameM jo mUcchima haiM, ve napuMsaka evaM garbhaja strI, puruSa, napuMsaka tInoM hote haiN|' jo mAtA pitA ke binA saMyoga ke apane Apa utpanna hoM, ve saMmUcchima aura jo mAtA-pitA ke vIrya yA saMyoga se utpanna ho, ve garbhaja hote haiN| thalacara ke prakAra:-jo pAnI rahita sthAna arthAt jamIna para rahate haiM, unheM thalacara yA sthalacara kahate haiN| ye sthalacara tiryaMca paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke haiM-eka khura vAle, do khura vAle, gaNDIpada (sunAra kI eraNa jaise paira vAle) aura nakhapAda (paira) vaale|' jIvavicAra meM thalacara ko anya apekSA se tIna prakAra kA kahA hai| ye bhI tiryaMca paMcendriya hI haiN| ve ye haiM- catuSpada-gAya Adi, uraparisarpa-peTa 1. vahI 16, 17. 2. jIvavicAra 18. 3. prajJApanA 1.59 evaM ThANAMga 4.608. 4. prajJApanA 1.61. tathA jIvavicAra-20 5. prajJApanA 1.62-67. 6. prajJApanA 1.68. 7. prajJApanA 1.69 104 2010_03

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ke bala calane vAle sarpa Adi aura bhujaparisarpa-bhujA ke bala calane vAle noliye aadi| prajJApanA meM Age ekakhurA, dvikhura, gaNDIpada, evaM nakhapAda ke bheda aura nAma batAye haiN| - inameM jo saMmUcchima haiM ve napuMsaka haiM aura jo garbhaja haiM strI, purUSa aura napusaMka tInoM hai|' prajJApanA meM sthalacara ko uraparisarpa aura bhujaparisarpa tiryaMca paMcendriya kI apekSA se do bheda vAlA bhI kahA hai aura unake nAma batAye haiN|' ___ ye bhI saMmUcchima aura garbhaja donoM prakAra ke haiM tathA saMmUchima napuMsaka evaM garbhaja strI, purUSa aura napuMsaka tInoM hote haiN|' khecara tiryaMca paMcendriyaH-khecara tiryaMca paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke hai- carmapakSI, lomapakSI,samudgaka pakSI, vittpkssii|' carmapakSI-jinakI pA~kha camar3e kI ho jaise camagAdaDa aadi| jinakI pA~khe roedAra ho ve roma yA lomapakSI, jinakI pAMkheM uDate samaya peTI jaisI rahe jaise haMsa kalahaMsa Adi, ve samudgaka pakSI aura jinake paMkha phaile hI rahe, ve vittpkssii| (ye manuSya kSetra meM nahIM haiM) ye bhI saMmUcchima tathA garbhaja do prakAra se nirUpita kiye gae haiM tathA jo saMmUcchima haiM unheM napuMsaka aura jo garbhaja haiM unheM strI, purUSa aura napuMsaka ke bheda se vibhakta kiyA hai|' manuSya jIvoM ke prakAraH-manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiN| saMmUcchima aura garbhajA tInoM lokoM meM Upara, nIce aura tirache dehakA cAroM ora se mUrchana arthAt grahaNa honA saMmUrcchana hai| isakA abhiprAya hai, cAroM ora se pudgaloM kA grahaNa 1. jIvavicAra 21 2. prajJApanA 1.71.74 3. prajJApanA 1.75 4. prajJApanA 1.76 83.85 5. prajJApanA 1.84.85 6. prajJApanA 1.86 evaM jIvavicAra 22. 7. prajJApanA 1.87 90 8. prajJApanA 1.92 105 2010_03

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kara avayavoM kI racanA honaa| nArI ke udara meM zukra aura zoNita ke paraspara grahaNa ko garbha kahate hai| sammUcchima manuSya kI utpatti ke caudaha sthAna hote haiN| pandraha karmabhUmi, pandraha akarmabhUmi aura chappana antarvIpa meM garbhaja manuSyoM ke viSThA meM, mUtra meM, nAka ke mela meM, vamana meM, pitta meM, mavAda meM, rakta meM, vIrya meM, pUrva meM sUkhe zukra ke bAda meM bhIge pudgaloM meM, mare hue jIvoM ke kalevara meM, strI purUSa ke saMyoga meM, grAma ke gaTara meM, zahara ke gaTara athavA saMpUrNa apavitra sthAnoM meM ye paidA hote haiN|' garbhaja manuSya karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi evaM antarvIpa meM paidA hote haiN|' antarvIpaka 58 prakAra ke, karmabhUmika 15 prakAra ke, evaM akarmabhUmika 30 prakAra ke hote haiN| garbhaja tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| jarAyuja, aNDaja, aura potajA' jo jAla ke samAna prANiyoM kA AvaraNa hai aura jo mAMsa va zoNita se banA haiM use jarAyu kahate haiN| jo nakha kI tvacA ke samAna kaThina haiM, gola haiM aura jisakA AvaraNa zukra aura zoNita se banA haiM, use aNDa kahate haiN| jisake saba avayava binA AvaraNa ke pUre hue haiM aura jo yoni se nikalate hI halana calana Adi sAmarthya se yukta haiM use pota kahate haiN| jarAyu se paidA hone vAle jarAyuja, aNDoM se paidA hone vAle aNDaja, pota se paidA hone vAle potaja kahalAte haiN|' manuSya, gAya, baila, bakarI Adi jarAyuja; sarpa, goha giragiTa kabUtara Adi aNDaja; hAthI, kharagoza, bhAraNDapakSI, Adi potaja kahalAte haiN|' nairayikoM ke prakAra:-naraka sAta prakAra ke haiM- ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukA prabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA, mahAtamaH prbhaa| sAtoM narakoM ke jIva napusaMka 1. sa.si. 2.31, 322. 2. prajJApanA 1.39 3. prajJApanA 1.94 4. prajJApanA 1.95-97 5. ta.sU. 2.34 6. sa.si. 2.34.326. 7. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigama 2.34.108 8. prajJApanA 1.60 ta. sU. 3.1. 106 2010_03

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hote haiN| ye gati kI apekSA nArakI, indriya kI apekSA paMcendriya, kaSAya kI apekSA cAroM kaSAya yukta, lezyA kI apekSA inameM kRSNa, nIla aura kapota lezyA hai| yoga kI apekSA manoyogI, vacanayogI, kAyayogI hai| upayoga kI apekSA jJAna aura darzana donoM se yukta hai| jJAna kI apekSA mati, zruta, avadhi aura mati ajJAna, zrutaajJAna vibhaMgajJAna haiN| darzana kI apekSA samyak dRSTi, mithyAdRSTi aura samyamithyAdRSTi hai| caritra kI apekSA na to cAritrI haiM, naM cAritrAcAritrI haiM, balki acAritrI hai| veda kI apekSA napuMsaka vedI hai|' ina sAtoM narakoM kI bhUmi kramazaH nIce-nIce aura ghanAmbu tathA vAyu aura AkAza ke sahAre sthita hai| ina nAraka bhUmiyoM meM kramazaH tIsa lAkha, pacIsa lAkha, pandraha lAkha, dasa lAkha, tIna lAkha, pA~ca kama eka lAkha aura pA~ca naraka hai| ina nairayikoM meM lezyA, pariNAma, zarIra pramANa, vedanA aura vikriyA kramazaH azubha, azubhatara aura azubhatama hote jAte haiM tathA vedanA, zarIra pramANa Adi vRddhigata hote haiN|' ye nAraka paraspara utpanna kiye gaye duHkha vAle hote haiN| aura tIna narakabhUmiyoM taka saMkliSTa AsuroM ke dvArA utpanna kiye gaye duHkha vAle bhI hote haiN| bhayaMkara pIr3A bhogane para bhI inakA akAla maraNa nahIM hotaa|' inakI utkRSTa Ayu kramazaH eka, tIna, sAta, dasa, satraha, bAvIsa, aura tetIsa sAgaropama hai| devoM ke prakAraH-devoM ke cAra nikAya hote hai| bhavana pati, vyaMtara, jyotiSka aura vaimaanik| inameM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura pIta lezyA pAyI jAtI haiN|" 1. ta.sU. 2.50. 2. prajJApanA 13.938. 3. ta.sU. 3.1 4. ta.sU. 3.2 (digambara paramparAnusAra) 5. ta.sU. 3.3 6. ta.sU. 3.4-5 7. sa.si. 3.5.375. 8. ta.sU. 3.6 9. ThANAMga 4.124 evaM ta.sU. 4.1. 10. ta.sU. 42 107 ___ 2010_03

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bhavanavAsI deva dasa prakAra ke hai, vyaMtara ATha prakAra ke, jyotiSI pA~ca prakAra ke hai| vaimAnika deva do prakAra ke hai- kalpopanna aura kalpAtItA' kalpopanna deva bAraha prakAra ke evaM kalpAtIta deva aveyakavAsI aura anuttaravAsI bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| greveyaka nau prakAra ke evaM anuttaravAsI pA~ca prakAra ke bhuvanapati deva manuSya loka se nIce rahate haiN| inake nivAsa kA vistRta vivecana prajJApanA sUtra 177-186 meM pddhe| vyaMtara aura jyotiSka kramaza: viSama aura tirache rUpa se rahate haiN| vaimAnika kramazaH Upara-Upara rahate haiN|' vaimAnika aizAna arthAt dvitIya vimAnavAsI devoM taka ke deva zarIra saMparka dvArA viSaya bhoga bhogate haiN| usake bAda kramaza: avaziSTa deva sparza dvArA, rUpa dvArA, zabda dvArA aura mana se viSaya bhoga lete haiN| yaha sthiti bhI kalpopapanna devoM taka rahatI haiN| kalpAtIta deva to viSayabhogoM se pUrNata: virata rahate haiN|' kramazaH sthiti, prabhAva, sukha, camaka, lezyAvizuddhi, indriyavizuddhi, avadhiviSaya Adi kI apekSA Upara Upara ke deva adhika hai| deva evaM nairayika jIva niyama se aupapAtika janma vAle hote haiN|' jIva aura zarIraH-jaba taka rAga-dveSa kI sthiti rahatI hai, tabhI taka AtmA zarIra ke baMdhana meM nivAsa karatI hai| zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM- audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kaarmnn| 1.ta.sU. 4.10. 2. ta.sU. 4.11,12.11 ta.sU. 4.16,17 evaM prajJApanA 1.143. 3. prajJApanA 1.144-147. 4. sa.si. 418-477. 5. ta.sU. 4.18. 6. ta.sU. 4.7. 7. ta.sU. 4.8.9 8. ta.sU. 4.20 evaM sa.si. 4.20.481 9. ThANAMga 2.34. 10. ThANAMga 2.163. 11. prajJApanA 12.901 evaM ta.sU. 2.36. . 108 2010_03

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__ audArika zarIraH-vizeSa zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se prApta hokara galate haiM unheM zarIra kahate haiN| ye audArika Adi prakRti vizeSa ke udaya se prApta hotA hai| isakA galanA, sar3anA aura vidhvaMsa honA svabhAva hai|' vaikriya zarIra:-aNimA Adi ATha, aizvarya-saMbaMdha se eka, aneka, choTA, bar3A Adi nAnA prakAra ke zarIra kI saMracanA karanA vikriyA hai| yaha vikriyA jisa zarIra kA prayojana hai, vaha vaikriya hai| AhAraka zarIra :-sUkSma padArtha kA jJAna karane ke lie yA asaMyama ko dUra karane kI icchA se pramatta saMyata jisa zarIra kI racanA karatA hai, vaha AhAraka zarIra hai| taijasa zarIra :-jo dIpti kA kAraNa hai yA teja meM utpanna hotA hai use taijasa kahate haiN| grahaNa kie hue AhAra ko yahI zarIra pacAtA haiN|' kArmaNa zarIra :-karmoM kA kArya kArmaNa zarIra hai| yadyapi sAre zarIra karma ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, to bhI rUDhi se viziSTa zarIra ko kArmaNa zarIra kahate haiN|' kise kitane zarIra hote haiM:-nairayikoM ko evaM devagati meM devoM ko vaikriya, tejasa aura kArmaNa zarIra hote haiN| pRthvI, ap, teu, vanaspati, beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya ko audArika, vaikriya, tejasa aura kArmaNa zarIra prApta hote haiN| vAyu kAya evaM tiryaMca paMcedriya ko audArika, vaikriya, tejasa aura kArmaNa zarIra prApta hote haiN| manuSya ko pA~coM zarIra prApta ho sakate haiN|' __ AtmA aura cAritraH-cAritra pariNAma pA~ca prakAra kA hotA haiM- (1) sAmAyika cAritra (2) chedopasthApanIya cAritra (3) parihAravizuddhi cAritra (4) sUkSma saMparAya cAritra (5) yathAkhyAta cAritrA' 1. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 10. 2. sa.si. 2.36.331. 3. sa.si. 2.36.331. 4. sa.si. 2.36.331. 5. patIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 11. 6. sa.si. 2.36.331. 7. prajJApanA 12.902-7. 8. prajJApanA 13.936 ta.sU. 9.8 tathA ThANAMga 5.139. ___ 109 2010_03

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sAmAyika:-rAga-dveSa kI viSamatA ko miTAkara zatru mitra ke prati samabhAva ko dhAraNa karanA sAmAyika hai| isase jJAna, dhyAna aura saMyama kA lAbha hotA hai| isakI jaghanya avadhi 48 minaTa evaM utkRSTa avadhi chaH mAha kI hotI hai|' sAmAyika do prakAra kI hai- niyatakAla sAmAyika svAdhyAya Adi aura IryApatha kA viveka aniyatakAla sAmAyika hai|' chedopasthApanIyaH-yaha saMyamadhArI sAdhu sAdhvI meM pAyA jAtA hai| choTI dIkSA ke paryAya kA cheda karake bar3I dIkSA ke anuSThAna ko chedopasthApanIya kahate haiN|' athavA vikalpoM kI nivRtti kA nAma chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai|' parihAravizuddhiH-prANIvadha se nivRtti ko parihAra kahate haiN| isase yukta zuddhi jisa cAritra meM hotI hai, vaha parihAra vizuddhi cAritra hai athavA viziSTa zrutapUrvadhArI sAdhusaMgha se apane ko alaga karake AtmA kI vizuddhi ke lie jisa anuSThAna ko karatA hai, vaha parihAra vizuddhi cAritra hai| sUkSma saMparAyaH-jisa cAritra meM kaSAya ati alpa yA sUkSma ho jAya vaha sUkSma saMparAya cAritra hai|' yathAkhyAta cAritraH-mohanIya karma ke upazama yA kSaya se jaisA AtmA kA svabhAva hai, usa avasthAsvarUpa apekSA lakSaNa jo cAritra hotA hai use yathAkhyAta cAritra kahate haiN| lezyA aura jIvaH-lezyA chaha prakAra kI hotI hai-kRSNa,nIla, kApota, tejo, padma aura shukl|' lezyA kI paribhASA hai- kRSNa lezyA Adi ke yoga se hone vAlA AtmA kA pariNAma lezyA kahalAtA hai! jaise sphaTika maNi ke pAsa kisI varNa kA padArtha rakha diyA to maNi usI varNa vAlI lgegii| usI prakAra AtmA jisa lezyA ke pariNAma vAlI hotI hai, usI lezyAyukta khlaaegii| 1. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 51,52. 2. sa.si. 9.8 854. 3. paitIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 52. 4. sa.si. 9.8.854. 5. sa.si. 9.8.854. 6. paitIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 52. 7. sa.si. 9.8.854. 8. vahI 9. ThANAMga 6.47 10. prajJApanA sUtra malayagiri vRtti patrAMka 329. 110 2010_03

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lezyA bhAvanA vizeSa ko kahate haiN| nairayikoM meM kRSNa lezyA, nIlalezyA, kApotalezyA hotI haiN|' tiryaMca yoni meM chahoM lezyAe~ hotI haiN| pRthvIkAya, apkAya evaM vanaspati kAya meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejolezyA hotI hai!' beindriya, caturindriya, teukAya aura vAyukAya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA pAyI jA sakatI hai! tiryaMca paMcendriya jIvoM meM chahoM lezyA pAyI jAtI hai|' saMmUcchima tiryaMca paMcendriya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA pAyI jAtI haiN| garbhaja tiryaMca paMcendriya meM kRSNa se zuklalezyA paryaMta chahoM lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| saMmUcchima manuSya meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota, ye tIna' aura garbhaja manuSya meM chahoM lezyA pAyI jAtI hai!' bhuvanavAsI nikAya ke devoM meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejolezyA, vyaMtara devoM meM bhI ye cAra, jyotiSI devoM meM mAtra tejolezyA aura vaimAnika devoM meM tejolezyA, padmalezyA aura zukla lezyA pAyI jAtI haiN| anya sabhI sthAnoM para puMlliga aura strIliMga meM samAna lezyA haiM para vaimAnika deviyAM isakA apavAda hai| unameM mAtra tejolezyA hI pAyI jAtI hai| ye lezyAe~ sabhI meM saMkhyAnusAra honA anivArya nahIM haiN| jIvoM ke apaneapane purUSArtha kI apekSA usa-usa lezyA taka pahu~cane kI kSamatA ho sakatI haiN| kRSNalezyA kI adhikatA vAlA atyaMta raudra, matsara, nityakrodhI, dharma rahita, dayAhIna aura gaharI duzmanI vAlA hotA hai! nIlalezyA vAlA ciMtA, AkulatA se pIDita, paraniMdA, svaprazaMsA aura rUSTa svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| 1. prajJApanA 17.1159-61. 2. prajJApanA 17.1162. 3. prajJApanA 17.1163. 4. prajJApanA 17.1163. (2) 5. prajApanA 17.1163 (3) 1164 (1) 6. prajJApanA 17.1164 (2) 7. prajJApanA 17.1164 (2) 3 prajJApanA 17.1164 (3) 8. prajJApanA 17.1166-69. 111 ___ 2010_03

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tejolezyA vAlA vidvAn, dayAlu, kArya kA anucita/ucita vicAraka, vivekI Adi hotA hai| padmalezyA vAlA kSamAzIla, tyAgI, deva guru bhakta, nirmala citta evaM sadAnaMdI svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| zuklalezyA vAlA rAga dveSa rahita, zoka aura nidrAmukta, paramAtma-vaibhava se yukta hotA hai|' karma aura jIvanaH-karma siddhAMta aura usa para sUkSma ciMtana jaina darzana kI abhUtapUrva dena hai| karma siddhAMta se saMbaMdhita vipula sAhitya jaina darzana kI anamola saMpatti hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM anekoM vAdoM kA digdarzana huA hai, jo kAlavAda svabhAvavAda, niyati yadRcchA, yoni, purUSa Adi ko saMsAra kI utpatti kA kAraNa evaM sukha-dukha kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| jaina darzana ne sukha duHkha kA kAraNa jIva ke karma ko mAnA hai| AtmA ke Antarika vikAsa yA nyUnatA kA kAraNa karma haiN| karma saMyoga se AtmA kI zakti AvRta hotI hai aura karma viyoga se, prakaTa hotI hai zakti zuddha AtmA para karmaprabhAva nahIM hotaa| __jaina darzana syAdvAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina darzana kisI bhI kArya ke liye pA~ca tatvoM ko anivArya mAnatA hai- kAla, svabhAva, niyati, purUSArtha aura karma ye pA~coM milakara kArya kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| ina pA~coM meM karma mukhya haiM, para ina cAroM kA bhI astitva hai| jaina darzana karma ko pudgala mAnatA haiN| ina karma pudgaloM ke kAraNa hI parataMtratA aura duHkha hai| AtmA arUpI hote hue bhI karma ke kAraNa rUpI aura mUrta hai| jIva mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM ke dvArA jinheM upArjita karatA hai, karma kahalAte haiN| 1. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa 40.41 2. "kAla svabhAvo niyati- sukhaduHkha heto" zvetAzvara upa.12 3.ta. sU. 8.2 4. bhagavatI abhaya. vRtti patra 623 5. parIkSAmukha 114.296. 112 ___ 2010_03

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karma do prakAra ke haiM- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / dravyakarma ATha prakAra kA haiN| yaha mUla-prakRti ke bheda se hai, uttara prakRti ke bheda se eka sau aTThAvana prakAra kA hai| tathA uttarottara bheda se to aneka prakAra kA hai| bhAvakarma caitanya pariNAmarUpa haiM kyoMki krodhAdikarmoM ke udaya se hone vAle krodhAdi AtmapariNAma yadyapi audayika haiM tathApi ve kathaMcit abhinna hai, lekina jJAnarUpatA nahIM haiM kyoMki jJAna audayika nahIM hai| ata. krodhAdi AtmapariNAma AtmA se abhinna hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit caitanya pariNAmAtmaka hai| ' mohanIya karma ke do bheda hote haiM- cAritra mohanIya aura darzana mohanIya | kaSAya aura no kaSAya ke bheda se cAritra mohanIya do prakAra kA evaM darzanamohanIya tIna prakAra kA hai| ' cAritramohanIya karma do prakAra kA hotA hai- ( 1 ) akaSAyavedanIya aura (2) kaSAyavedanIya / ( 1 ) kiMcita arthAta atyalpa mAtrA meM kaSAya ke udaya ko akaSAya cAritra mohanIya kahate haiM evaM isake hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strI veda, purUSa veda aura napuMsaka veda, isa prakAra nau bheda haiM tathA (2) anaMtAnubaMdhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI, aura saMjvalana - inake cAroM ke krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke bheda se solaha bheda kaSAyamohanIya cAritra ke hote haiN| " cAritra mohanIya karma ke udaya se AtmA kA cAritra guNa prakaTa nahIM hotaa| 3 darzana mohanIya ke tIna bheda - ( 1 ) samyaktva (2) mithyAtva aura (3) samyakumithyAtva | samyaktva:- jaba mithyAtva, zubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa apane vipAka ko roka detA hai aura udAsIna rUpa se avasthita rahakara AtmA ke zraddhAna ko nahIM rokatA hai, use samyaktva kahate haiN| mithyAtva:-jisake udaya se yaha jIva sarvajJapraNIta mArga se vimukha, tattvArtha ke zraddhAna karane meM nirutsuka evaM hitAhita kA vicAra karane meM asamartha ho, use mithyAtva kahate haiN| 1. parIkSAmukha kA. 115 evaM TIkA 296.2971 2. uttarAdhyayana 33.8.10 3. ta. sU. 8.9 va uttarAdhyayana 33.11 2010_03 113

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samyaktva mithyAtvaH- jisakA udaya mile hue pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hai, jo na kevala samyaktva rUpa kahe jA sakate haiM aura na kevala mithyAtva rUpa, kintu ubhayarUpa hote haiM, vaha mizramohanIya karma hai| isake lie udAharaNa jala se dhone Adi ke kAraNa ardhazuddha maMda zakti vAle kodoM kA diyA jAtA hai|' mUla prakRti ke ATha bheda haiM- jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura aMtarAyA' jJAnAvaraNIya- AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko AcchAdita karane vAlA AvaraNa jJAnAvaraNIya kahalAtA hai|' A~kha para paTTI bA~dhane ke kAraNa netroM kI padArthoM ko jAnane kI jo zakti rUka jAtI hai, use jJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiN| yaha karma jJAna ko AcchAdita karatA hai, samApta nhiiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI pA~ca uttaraprakRtiyA~ haiN|' darzanAvaraNIyaH- padArtha ke sAmAnya dharma kA bodha jisake kAraNa rUka jAya, use darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jisa prakAra paharedAra zAsaka ko dekhane ke lie utsuka vyakti ko roka detA hai, usI prakAra darzanAvaraNa karma kI darzanazakti para AvaraNa DAlakara use roka detA hai|' isakI nau uttarakarmaprakRtiyA~ hai|' vedanIyaH-jisa karma ke kAraNa sukha-dukha kA saMvedana AtmA ko hotA hai, use vedanIya kahate haiN| vedanIya karma kI sAtA aura asAtA do prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN|' sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa jIva ko devAdi gatiyoM meM zarIra aura mana saMbaMdhI sukha milatA hai| asAtA vedanIya ke udaya se narakAdi gatiyoM meM mana vacana aura kAyA saMbaMdhI pIr3A bhoganI par3atI haiN|" 1. sa.si.8.9.749. 2. ta.sU. 8.4 4 ThANAMga 8.5 tathA uttarAdhyayana 33.2.3. 3. sa.si. 8.3.736. 4. gommaTasAra karmakANDa gA. 21. 5. ta.sU. 8.6 evaM uttarAdhyayana 33.4. 6. "anAnAlokanam" sa.si. 8.3.736. 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA.21 8. uttarAdhyayana 33.5.61 9. "vedasya sadasallakSaNasya sukhaduHkha saMvedanam" sa.si. 8.3.736., uttarAdhyayana 33.7. 10. sa. si. 8.8.746. 114 2010_03

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ise zahada lipaTI talavAra kI upamA dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra cATane meM to zahada kI miThAsa kA anubhava hotA hai, paraMtu turaMta jihvA para ghAva hone ke kAraNa jisa prakAra darda hotA hai, usI prakAra sAtA vedanIya ke udaya ke samaya to sukha prApta hotA haiM paraMtu asAtA vedanIya ke udaya ke samaya tIvra duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai| mohanIyaH-mohanIya karma ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnA jAtA haiN| yaha AtmA kA zatru hai kyoMki isIke kAraNa samasta duHkha haiN| ise zarAba kI upamA dI gaI hai| __ Ayu karma- kisI vivakSita zarIra meM jIva ke rahane kI avadhi ko Ayu kahate haiN| isakI tulanA kArAgAra se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko kArAgAra meM DAla detA hai taba na cAhate hue bhI use vahA~ rahanA par3atA hai| Ayu karma cAra prakAra kA hai- narakAyu, manuSyAyu, tiryaMcAyu aura devaayu|' adhika parigrahI, Asakta, hiMsaka, kRtaghna, utsUtra prarupaka Adi kriyAyukta narakAyu kA, kapaTI, mAyAvI, prapaMcI Adi se yukta AtmA tiryaMcAyu kA, alpa kaSAyI, dAnaruci, saumya, manuSyAyu kA evaM paMcamahAvrata dhArI sAdhu, zrAvaka, vratadhArI Adi devAyu kA baMdhana karate haiN|' nAma karmaH- jisakA nimitta pAkara AtmA gati, jAti, saMsthAna, zarIra Adi prApta karatA hai, vaha nAma karma hai|' isake mukhya do bheda haiM- zubha aura ashubh| zubha aura azubha ke anekoM uttarabheda bhI hote haiN|' gotra karma - gotra karma ke mukhya do bheda hai- uccagotra aura nIcagotrA jisake udaya se pUjyanIya kula meM janma hotA hai, vaha uccagotra aura jisake 1. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA.11. 2. ta.sU. 8.10. evaM ThANAMga 4.286. 3. paitIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 2,3. 4. sa.si. 8.11.755. 5. uttarAdhyayana 33.13 6. ta.sU. 12. 115 ___ 2010_03

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udaya se niMdanIya kula meM janma hotA hai, use nIcagotra kahate haiN|' gotra karma se tAtparya jIva ke AcAra vicAra se hai, zarIra yA rakta se nhiiN| isIliye gotra ko jIvavipAkI kahA haiN| aMtarAya karma- jo karma vina yA bAdhA utpanna karatA hai, prApti kI icchA hote hue bhI prApta nahIM karane detA, dene kI icchA hote hue bhI nahIM dene detA, bhoga aura upabhoga kI icchA hote hue bhI bhogane nahIM detA, utsAhita nahIM hone detA, inake kAraNa ko aMtarAya karma kahate haiN|' isake pA~ca bheda haiM- dAnAMtarAya, lAbhAMtarAya, bhogAMbhogAMtarAya, upabhogAMtarAya aura viiryaaNtraay|' jIva aura paryAptiH-paryApti chaH prakAra kI hotI hai- AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mn|' prajJApanA meM bhASA aura mana donoM ko saMyukta mAnakara pA~ca paryApti kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt saMsArI jIva dUsarA janma lene ke liye yoni sthAna meM praveza karate hI apane zarIra ke yogya kucha pudgala vargaNA ko grahaNa karatA hai, isI ko AhAra kahate haiN| isa AhAra vargaNA ko zarIra, indriya Adi meM pariNata karane kI jIva kI zakti kA pUrNa ho jAnA paryApta hai| jIvoM ke caudaha bheda hote haiN|' inameM paryApta aura aparyApta pratyeka jIvoM meM ye do bheda hote haiN| ve paryApta aura aparyApta ina paryAptiyoM kI pUrNatA aura apUrNatA se hote haiN| zarIra Adi pUrNa rahane para jIva paryApta aura apUrNa rahane para aparyApta kahalAte haiM, indriya Adi apUrNa ho to bhI zarIra kI pUrNatA se paryAptaka khlaayeNge| aparyAptaka jIva zarIra paryApta pUrNa kiye binA hI mara jAte haiN| eka zvAsa meM 18 janma maraNa karane vAle jIva aparyAptaka kahalAte haiN| 1. sa.si. 8.12.757. 2. sa.si. 8.12 kA "vizeSArtha" pR. 308. 3. sa.si. 8.13.759. 4. ta.sU. 8.13. evaM uttarAdhyayana 33.15. 5. navatattva prakaraNa 6. 6. prajJApaNA 28.1904. 7. samavAyAMga 14.1 8. "udaye Du apuNNassa... apajjattago so du" gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 122. 116 2010_03

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AhAra paryAptiH-mRtyu ke bAda zarIra ke yogya karmavargaNA grahaNa karanA AhAra kahalAtA hai| usa AhAra ko rasarUpa pariNamana karane kI zakti kI pUrNatA ko AhAra paryApti kahate haiN|' zarIra paryAptiH-jisake pUrNa hone para AhAra paryApti ke dvArA pariNata khalabhAga haDDI Adi kaThora avayavoM meM aura rasa khUna basA, aura vIrya Adi tarala avayavoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, use zarIra paryApti kahate haiN| indriya paryAptiH-darzanAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama yogya deza meM sthita rUpAdi se yukta padArthoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI zakti kI utpatti ke kAraNabhUta pudgala pracaya kI prApti, indriya paryApti kahalAtI hai|' athavA "khuna, mAMsa, meda, majjA, asthi aura vIrya isa prakAra sAta dhAtuoM se sparza aura rasana Adi dravyendriyoM ko banAne kI jo zakti hai, use indriya paryApti kahate haiN| zvAsocchvAsa paryAptiH-AhAra vargaNA se grahaNa kiye pudgala skaMdhoM ko ucchvAsa niHzvAsa rUpa meM pariNata karane vAlI zakti ko zvAsocchavAsa paryApti kahate haiN| bhASA paryAptiH-jisa zakti kI pUrNatA se vacana rUpa pudgala skaMdha vacanoM meM pariNamita hote haiM, vaha bhASA paryApti kahalAtI hai| mana paryAptiH-jisa zakti ke pUrNa hone se dravyamana yogya pudgala skaMdha dravyamana ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM, use manaparyApti kahate haiN|' __- AtmA aura guNasthAnaH-jIva ke vikAsa sopAna caudaha mAne gaye hai|' mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, avirata samyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattavirata, apramattavirata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa,sUkSmasaMparAya, upazAMta, kSINamoha, saMyogI 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvatatvadIpikA 118 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvatatvapradIpikA 119. 3. vahI 4. paitIsa bola vivaraNa pR.4 5. vahI pR. 8.9 evaM dhavalA 1.1.34. 6. vahI 7. vahI. 8. samavAyAMga 14.5 117 2010_03

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kevalI aura ayogiikevlii|' (1) mithyAtvaH-mithyAtva prakRti ke udaya se tattvArtha ke viparIta zraddhAna ko mithyAtva kahate haiN| isake ekAMta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzayita aura ajJAna pA~ca bheda hai| (3) miza (2) sAsAdanaH-upazama samyaktva ke antarmuhartamAtra kAla meM jaba jaghanya eka samaya tathA utkRSTa cha: AvalI pramANa kAla zeSa rahe, utane kAla meM anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha meM se kisI ke udaya se samyaktva kI virAdhanA hone para samyaga darzana guNa kI jo avyakta atatvazraddhArUpa pariNati hotI hai, unako sAsAdana guNasthAna kahate haiN| mizra guNasthAnaH-jisa prakAra dahI aura guDa ko acchI taraha milAne para na usakA svAda khaTTA hotA hai na mIThA, apitu mizrita hotA hai, usI prakAra mizra meM samyaktva mithyAtva kA mizrita pariNAma hotA hai aura eka hI jIva meM eka sAtha donoM saMbhava bhI haiM, jaise eka hI vyakti eka kA mitra hai, eka kA amitra; vaise hI eka hI vyakti sarvajJaprarUpita vacanoM meM evaM asarvajJakathita siddhAMtoM meM eka sAtha zraddhAna rakhatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM na cAritra grahaNa karatA haiM, na shraavktv| isameM Ayu baMdha bhI nahIM par3atA aura na isameM vyakti kI mRtyu ho sakatI haiN| (4) avirata samyagdRSTi:-isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI samyakdRSTi hote hue bhI jIva vratadhArI nahIM bana sktaa| yaha zraddhAna (sarvajJa prarUpita vANI meM) avazya rakhatA hai, paraMtu pravRtti nahIM kara sktaa|' (5) dezavirata guNasthAnaH-isa guNasthAna meM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hone ke kAraNa pUrNa saMyama nahIM, paraMtu apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya na hone se dezavirata (AMzika vrata) le sakatA hai|' 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 9.10 tathA dvitIya karmagrantha gA.2. 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 15.16.17. 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 21,22. 4. bahI gA. 23.24. 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 29. 6. vahI 30. 118 2010_03

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ise viratAvirata yA saMyamAsaMyama bhI kahate haiN|' isa guNasthAna meM trasahiMsA se virata, paraMtu usI samaya sthAvara hiMsA se avirata hotA hai, isIliye use viratAvirata kahate haiN| isameM kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai| (6) pramattasaMyata guNasthAnaH-pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA upazama hone se pUrNa saMyama to ho cukA, paraMtu usa saMyama ke sAtha saMjvalana aura nokaSAya ke udaya se saMyama meM bAdhA utpanna karanevAlA pramAda bhI hotA hai, ise pramattasaMyata guNasthAna kahate haiN| yadyapi isa guNasthAna meM jIva mUlaguNa aura zIla se yukta hotA hai paraMtu vyakta aura avyakta donoM prakAra ke pramAdoM ko karane se vaha saMyama meM bhI saMpUrNa saMyamamaya nahIM bntaa|' apramattasaMyata guNasthAnaH-jaba saMjvalana aura kaSAya maMda ho jAte haiM, taba sakala saMyama se yukta muni ke pramAda kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| isaliye isa guNasthAna ko apramatasaMyata kahate haiN| isake bheda evaM upabheda kI gommaTasAra meM vistRta carcA hai|' (8) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnaH-prathama kabhI na utpanna pariNAma kI utpatti isa guNasthAna meM hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke vizuddha. pariNAma visadRza hI hote haiM, parantu eka samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM sAdRzya aura vaisAdRzya donoM hote hai| isakA kAla mAtra antarmuhUrta hotA hai|' (9) anivRttikaraNa guNasthAnaH-isa guNasthAna meM vizuddha pariNAmoM kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai| antarmuhurta mAtra anivRtti ke kAla meM se kisI eka samaya meM rahane vAle aneka jIvoM meM zarIra ke AkAra, varNa Adi kI apekSA bheda hotA hai| jina vizuddha pariNAmoM dvArA unameM bheda nahIM hotA, ve anivRttikaraNa pariNAma kahalAte hai| isameM vizuddha pariNAma eka jaise hI pAye jAte haiM tathA ye pariNAma dhyAna rUpI agni se karmakASTha 1. ta.vA. 2.5.8. 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 31. 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 32.33 4. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 45 5. vahI gA. 49. 6. vahI 51.52. 7. vahI 52. 119 2010_03

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jalAne meM samartha hote haiN|' (10) sUkSmasaMparAyaH-isa guNasthAna meM atyaMta sUkSma lobha kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai| raMga se raMge vastra kI lAlimA dhone para jaise phIkI ho jAtI hai, vaise hI isa guNasthAna meM rAga atyaMta alpa hotA hai| mAtra sUkSma lobha hone ke kAraNa yathAkhyAta cAritra udaya meM nahIM aataa|' (11) upazAMtakaSAya guNasthAna :-nirmala phala se yukta jala kI taraha athavA zaradaRtu meM hone vAle sarovara ke jala kI taraha saMpUrNa mohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hone vAle nirmala pariNAmoM ko upazAMta kaSAya guNasthAna kahate haiN| (12) kSINamohaH-jisa nirgrantha kA hRdaya mohanIya karma ke kSINa hone se sphaTika ke nirmala pAtra meM rakhe gaye jala ke samAna nirmala ho jAtA haiM, use kSINamoha kaSAya guNasthAna kahate haiN|' (13) saMyogIkevalI:-kevalajJAna rupI prakAza se jisake ajJAna kA aMdherA samApta ho gayA hai, jise paramAtmA kI saMjJA prApta ho cukI hai, indriyoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA na rakhane vAle kAyayukta ko saMyogIkevalI kahate (14) ayogIkevalI:-jisake karmoM kA Azrava (Agamana) sarvathA ruka gayA hai, karmarupI raja kI pUrNatayA nirjarA kara cuke yogarahita ko ayogIkevalI guNasthAna kahate haiN| yaha siddhAtmA bhI kahalAtI hai| jIva kI paripUrNatA aura utkRSTatA isI guNasthAna meM prApta hotI hai| ina guNasthAnoM ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA uttarottara vikAsa karatI huI aMta meM saMpUrNa karma kSaya karake apane zuddharupa ko upalabdha karatI hai| moha aura yoga ke kAraNa jIva ke aMtaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa hone 1. vahI 56.57. 2. vahI 58.60 3. vahI gA. 61 4. vahI gA. 62 evaM ta. vA. 9.1.22.590. 5. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 64 6. vahI 65. 120 2010_03

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vAle utAra car3hAva ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| ise ogha aura saMkSepa bhI kahate haiN|' puNya, pApa baMdha aura jIvaH-mukhya tatva to isa saMsAra meM do hI haiM-jIva aura ajIvA' inakA vistAra karane para jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ye nau tatva hote haiN| jIva kA vivecana hama Age ke pRSThoM meM kara Aye haiN| ajIva do prakAra kA hai- mUrta aura amuurt| jisameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza ho use rupI yA mUrta kahate haiM aura jisameM ye cAroM na ho ve amUrta haiN|' isakA vistRta vivecana agale adhyAya meM kreNge| puNya pApaH-ThANAMga meM nau prakAra se puNya batAyA gayA hai| anna dene se, pAnI dene se, vastradAna se, layanadAna se, zayanasAdhana dene se, mana, vacana, kAyA kI zubha pravRti se evaM namaskAra se puNya hotA hai SaDdarzana samuccaya meM haribhadrasUri ne puNya kI paribhASA dI, " satkarmoM dvArA lAye gaye karma pudgaloM ko puNya kahate haiN|" ThANAMga meM pApa ke sthAna bhI nau batAye haiM- prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, sAna, mAyA, lobhA prabhu mahAvIra ke gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kA to saMdeha hI puNya, pApa ke astitva aura usake svarUpa se saMbaMdhita thaa| unake mana meM puNya pApa se saMbaMdhita pA~ca prazna the "mAtra puNya hI hai| pApa ke astitva kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| puNya bar3hatA hai, sukha bar3hatA hai, puNya ghaTatA hai, sukha ghaTatA hai| phira pApa ke svataMtra astitva kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| " yA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki "pApa kA hI astitva maane| pApa ghaTA, sukha milaa| pApa bar3hA, duHkha bddh'aa|'' yA ina 1. "saMkheo odyo ti ya guNasaNNA.... sakammabhavA" jIvakANDa (gommaTasAra)3. 2. uttarAdhyayana 36. 3. navatatva 1. 4. usarAdhyayana 36.4. 5. ThANAMga 9.25. 6. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 49. 7. ThANAMga 9.26. 8. gaNadharabAda 1908.9. 9. gaNadharavAda 1910. 121 ___ 2010_03

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donoM kA saMyukta astitva hai|' cauthA mata yaha hai ki "puNya pApa donoM svataMtra haiN|" pA~cavA mata yaha hai ki puNya pApa kucha bhI nahIM haiN|" ina sabhI praznoM ko prabhu ne samAdhAna se samAhita kiyA-dehAdi kA jo kAraNa hai vaha karma haiN|' karma do prakAra ke haiM- puNya aura paap| zubha kAryAdi se puNya kA aura azubha kAryAdi se pApa kA astitva siddha hotA hai|' puNya aura pApa svataMtra haiN| sukha kA anurUpa kAraNa puNya evaM duHkha kA anurupa kAraNa pApa hai| sukha ke atyaMta utkarSa kA kAraNa puNya ko aura du:kha ke atyaMta utkarSa kA kAraNa pApa ko mAnanA hogaa| pApa ko puNya se sarvathA pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH puNya aura pApa donoM mAnane caahiye| duHkha ke liye jisa prakAra pApa kI kalpanA anivArya hai, sukha ke liye usI prakAra puNya kI kalpanA anivArya hai| cAhe jahara kama ho yA jyAdA vaha hAni pahu~cA hI sakatA hai, usase amRta kI kalpanA saMbhava nhiiN| pApa to duHkha kA hI kAraNa banatA hai| dhyAna jaise eka hI hotA hai usI prakAra karmodaya eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai| inheM svataMtra hI maaneNge|' puNya aura pApa donoM pudgala haiM, para na atyaMta sthUla haiM na atyaMta sUkSmA AcArya kuMdakuMda ne puNya aura pApa donoM ko jIva kA baMdhana mAnA hai aura eka ko sone kI tathA eka ko lohe kI ber3I kahA hai| itanA hI nahIM paraMtu unhoMne to yaha bhI kahA ki jIva ko ina donoM kA tyAga karanA caahiye| ina donoM ke yoga se jIva karma baMdha karatA hai aura inase virakta AtmA karmamukta banatI hai| bhagavatI meM pApa aura puNya ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsA aura mahAvIra dvArA 1. gaNadharavAda 1911. 2. gaNadharavAda 1919. 3. gaNadharavAda 1920 4. gaNadharavAda 1921. 5. gaNadharavAda 1930 6. gaNadharavAda 1933. 7. gaNadharavAda 1937. 8. gaNadharavAda 1940 122 2010_03

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usake vivecana kA vRtAMta milatA hai| "jisa prakAra se sarvathA suMdara, susajjita thAlI meM aThThAraha prakAra kA bhojana ho, paraMtu vaha viSa mizrita rUpa ho to bhojana karane meM AnaMda to AyegA para usakA pariNAma azubha hogaa| usI prakAra pApoM kA sevana to acchA lagatA hai para usakA pariNAma khataranAka hotA hai|' puNya baMdha kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA ki eka vyakti suMdara auSadhamizrita bhojana karatA hai, yadyapi svAda use rucikara nahIM lagegA, paraMtu pariNAma acchA hogaa|' puNya baMdha meM sukha yA ruci nahIM hotI para usakA pariNAma rucikara avazya hotA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM puNya ko zubha yoga vAlA aura pApa ko azubha yoga vAlA kahA hai| ___hiMsA, corI, maithuna Adi azubha kAyayoga asatya, kaThora, asatya vacana, azubha vacanayoga, mArane kA vicAra, ahitakArI vicAra Adi azubha manoyoga hai| inase viparIta zubha kAyayoga, zubha vacanayoga, zubhamanoyoga hai|' __ jo AtmA ko pavitra kare vaha puNya aura jo AtmA ko zubha se bacAve vaha pApa hai| puNya kA udAharaNa sAtA vedanIya evaM pApa kA udAharaNa asAtAvedanIya hai|' bhagavatI meM baMdha kA kAraNa kAMkSAmohanIya karma ko mAnA hai| pramAda aura yoga ke nimitta se jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma bAMdhatA hai| pramAda yoga se utpanna hotA hai, yoga vIrya se evaM vIrya zarIra se utpanna hotA haiN| (jIva nAmakarmayukta ho tabhI zarIra utpanna karatA hai|) jaba baMdha kA kAraNa zarIra hai to utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra parAkrama bhI jIva se hI hotA hai|' Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura jIvaH-Azrava kA artha hai dvAra! kamoM ke Agamana 1. samayasAra 146. 2. sa. sA. 147.50. 3. bhagavatI7.10.15-18. 4. ta. sU. 6.3. 5. sa.si. 6.3. 614. 6. vahI. 7. bhagavatI 1.3.8.9. 123 ___ 2010_03

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yA praveza dvAra ko Azrava kahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne pA~ca evaM kuMdakuMdAcArya ne samayasAra meM Azrava ke cAra bheda batAye haiM- mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yog| kuMdakuMda ne pramAda ke atirikta cAroM mAne haiN| Azrava dravyAzrava evaM bhAvAzrava rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| AtmA ke jisa pariNAma se karma kA Azrava hotA hai, use bhAvAzrava evaM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ke Azrava ko dravyAzrava kahate hai|' __zrImad nemIcaMda ne Azrava pA~ca mAne haiM aura unake kramazaH pA~ca, pandraha, tIna aura cAra bheda bhI kiye hai! ThANAMga sUtra meM ina AzravoM kA artha karate hue likhA hai- mithyAtva- viparIta zraddhA, avirati - vratarahita jIvana, pramAda-Atmika anutsAha, kaSAya-AtmA kA rAgadveSAtmaka uttApa, yoga-mana vacana aura kAyA kA vyaapaar|' haribhadra sUri ne bhI karma baMdha kA kAraNa mithyAtva Adi ko Azrava kahA hai| karmoM ke Agamana ke jaise pA~ca dvAra haiM, vaise hI Ate hue una karmoM ko rokane ke bhI pA~ca dvAra hai- samyaktva, virati, apramAda, akaSAya, ayog|' tattvArtha sUtra meM saMvara kI paribhASA dI "jo Azrava kA nirodha kare| roke vaha saMvara hai|" yaha saMvara do prakAra kA hai| dravyasaMvara evaM bhAvasaMvara! saMsAra kI nimittabhUta kriyA kI nivRtti honA bhAvasaMvara evaM isakA nirodha hone para tatpUrvaka hone vAle karma pudgaloM ke grahaNa kA viccheda honA dravyasaMvara hai|' yahI paribhASA nemicandra ne dI hai| 1. ta.sU. 8.1. 2. sa.sA. 164. 3. vR.dra.sa. 29. 4. vR.dra.saM. 30. 5. ThANAMga 5.109. 6. SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA 50. 7. ThANAMga 5.110. 8. ta.sU. 9.1. 9. sa.si. 9.1.785. 10. vR.dra.sa. 34. 124 2010_03

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haribhadra sUri ne bhI kahA hai ki "saMvarastannirodhaH" Azrava nirodha karane vAlA saMvara hai|' guNaralasUri ne ise sarvasaMvara aura dezasaMvara ke nAma se vibhakta kiyA hai| jisa samaya mana, vacana aura kAyA kA sUkSma aura sthUla donoM vyApAroM kA sarvathA niSedha ho jAya, use saMvara kahate haiN| yaha ayogI kevalI guNasthAna meM arthAt siddhAtmA meM hotA hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kI saMyata pravRtti rUpa cAritra se dezasaMvara hotA hai| _Azrava aura saMvara jaina darzana ke mahatvapUrNa biMdu hai| prathama aMga AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM bhI Azrava saMvara kI vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| AcArAMga meM kriyA karanA, karavAnA aura usakA anumodana karanA Azrava hai| aura yahI Azrava saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai aura ina sabhI karma samAraMbhoM ko jAnakara tyAganA, yahI saMvara hai| ise sAdhane vAlA hI muni hotA karma aura AzravaH-jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karma haiN| ina ATha karmoM ke AzravoM ko alaga-alaga isa prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai| pradoSa, nihnava, mAtsarya, aMtarAya, AsAdana aura upaghAta ye jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ke Azrava hai! zrI pUjyapAda ne nihnava Adi kA artha kiyA hai- tattvajJAna mokSakA sAdhana hai, usakA guNagAna karane para usa samaya nahIM bolane vAle ke bhItara jo paizunyarUpa pariNAma hai vaha pradoSa hai| kisI kAraNa se "aisA nahIM hai, maiM nahIM jAnatA" ityAdi kahakara jJAna kA apalApa karanA nihnava hai| jJAna kA abhyAsa kiyA hai, vaha dene yogya bhI hai, phira bhI jisa kAraNa (IrSyA) se nahIM diyA jAtA vaha mAtsarya hai| jJAna kA viccheda karanA aMtarAya hai| dUsarA koI jJAna kA 1. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 51. 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA. 51.229. 3. AcArAMga 1.1.6. 4. AcArAMga 1.1.8. 5. vahI 1.1.7.12. 6. ta. sU. 6.10. 125 2010_03

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prakAza phailA rahA ho usa samaya zarIra yA vacana se usakA niSedha karanA AsAdana hai| prazaMsanIya jJAna meM dUSaNa lagAnA upaghAta hai|' apane meM, dUsare meM yA donoM meM vidyamAna duHkha, zoka, tApa, AkraMdana, vadha, parivedana ye asAtA vedanIya karma ke Azrava haiN|' prANI anukaMpA, vratI, anukaMpA, dAna aura sarAgasaMyama Adi kA yoga, zAMti aura zauca ye sAtAvedanIya karma ke Azrava haiN|' kevalI, zruta, saMgha, dharma, aura deva inakA avarNavAda bolanA (guNIpuruSoM meM doSoM kI avidyamAnatA hone para bhI una meM una doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA) darzanamohanIya karma kA Asrava hai| kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAle tIvra AtmapariNAma ko cAritramohanIya karma kA Azrava kahate hai|' dhavalA meM ise aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| mithyAtva, asaMyama, aura kaSAya pApa kI kriyAeM haiN| ina pAparupa kriyA kI nivRtti ko cAritra kahate haiN| jo karma isa cAritra ko AcchAdita karatA hai, use cAritra mohanIya Azrava kahate haiN| atyaMta AraMbha aura parigraha kA bhAva narakAyu kA Azrava, kapaTa (mAyA) tiryaMcAyu kA, alpAraMbha aura alpa parigraha kA bhAva evaM svabhAva kI mRdutA manuSyAyu kA aura sarAga saMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAlatapa ye devAyu ke Azrava haiN|' yogavakratA aura visaMvAda ye azubha nAma karma ke Azrava haiM tathA yoga kI saralatA aura avisaMvAda ye zubha nAma karma ke Azrava haiN| zubha nAma karma atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| darzanavizuddhi, vinayasaMpannatA, zIla, sadAcAra, vratoM kA 1. sa.si. 6.10628. 2. ta.sa. 6.11. 3. ta. sU. 6.12. 4. ta. sU. 6.13. 5. ta. sU. 6.14. 6. dhavalA 22.6.1.9-11 pR. 40. 7. ta.sU. 6.15-17.19. 8. ta. sU. 6: 22.23. 126 2010_03

Page #155
aticAra rahita pAlana, jJAna meM satata upayoga, satata saMvega, zakti ke anusAra tyAga, tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi, vaiyAvRttya, arihaMtabhakti, AcArya bhakti bahuzrutabhakti, pravacanabhakti, Avazyaka kriyAoM ko na chor3anA, mokSamArga kI prabhAvanA aura pravacana vAtsalya tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke Azrava hai| ' paraniMdA, AtmaprazaMsA, sadguNoM kA ucchAdana, aura asadguNoM kA udbhAvana ye nIca gotra ke Azrava hai|' akalaMka ne ucchAdana aura udbhAvana kA artha kiyA hai - pratibandhaka kAraNoM se vastu kA prakaTa nahIM honA ucchAdana hai aura pratibandhaka ke haTa jAne para prakAza meM A jAnA udbhAvana hai / " inase viparIta arthAt paraprazaMsA, AtmaniMdA, sadguNoM kA udbhAvana, asadguNoM kA ucchAdana, namravRtti aura anutseka ye ucca gotra ke Azrava haiN| ' anutseka arthAt ahaMkAra rahita honA hai jo gUyate arthAt zabda vyavahAra meM Ave, yaha gotra hai| ' jJAna satkAr dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, snAna, anulepana, gaMdha, mAlya, AcchAdana Adi meM vighna karanA Adi-2 aMtarAya Azrava ke kAraNa hai|' saMvaranirjarAH - ina AThoM karmoM ke karma praveza dvAra rUpa Azrava ko rokanA saMvara hai| saMvara kA tAtparya huA- karmadvAra ko baMdha krnaa| jo pUrva meM yA atIta meM jIva karmabaMdhana kara cukA hai unase mukta hone ko nirjarA kahate haiN| haribhadra sUri ne isakI paribhASA dI hai- " baMdhe hue karmoM ke jhar3ane ko nirjarA kahate haiM / "" nirjarA do prakAra se hotI hai - sakAma nirjarA aura akAma nirjraa| karmoM ko jhar3A dene kI icchA se jo sAdhu duSkara tapa tapate haiM, zmasAna meM rAtri ke vakta khar3e hokara dhyAna karate haiM, bhUkha pyAsa, saradI, garamI Adi 1. ta. sU. 6.24. 2. ta. sU. 6.25. 3. ta. rA. vA. 6.25.530. 4. ta. sU. 6.27. 5. ta. rA. vA. 6.25.531. 6. ta. rA. vA. 6.27.531. 7. SaDdarzana samuccaya kA. 51. 2010_03 127

Page #156
vividha pariSahoM ko sahana karate haiM, bAdhAe~ sahate haiM, loca karate haiM, aThAraha prakAra ke zIla ko dhAraNa karate haiM, bAhya tathA AbhyaMtara rAga dveSa kA tyAga karate haiM, una ugra tapazcaraNa karane vAle zarIrAsakti rahita muniyoM ke karmoM kI nirjarA sakAma nirjarA hai| ve karmoM ko nimaMtrita kara unheM jhAr3ate haiN| yaha nirjarA puruSArtha se hotI haiN| jo zAMta pariNAmI vyakti karmoM ke udaya se hone vAle lAkhoM prakAra ke tIvra zArIrika tathA mAnasika duHkhoM ko sAtA se bhoga lete haiM, vaha akAma nirjarA hai arthAt Aye hue karmoM ko zAMti se bhoganA paraMtu unake sAtha jhar3Ane kI icchA se cher3achAr3a na krnaa|' tattvArtha sUtra meM tapa ko nirjarA kA kAraNa batAyA hai| pUjyapAda ne nirjarA do prakAra kI batAyI haiM-abuddhipUrvA aura kushlmuulaa| narakAdi gatiyoM meM karmaphala ke vipAka se hone vAlI nirjarA ko abuddhipUrvA nirjarA kahate haiM tathA pariSaha ke jItane para jo nirjarA hotI hai, vaha kuzalamUlA nirjarA hotI hai|' tattvArthasUtra meM pariSaha 22 mAne gaye haiN| ina pariSahoM ko sahana karanA karmoM kI nirjarA haiN| kSudhA, pyAsa, zIta, garmI, daMzamazaka, namratA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, satkArapuraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzanA' / tapa bAraha prakAra kA hotA hai| anazana, UNodarI, vRttisaMkSepa, rasatyAga, kAyakleza, saMlInatA yaha chaH prakAra kA bAhya evaM prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvacca, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga cha: prakAra kA AbhyaMtara tapa kahalAtA hai|' ina bAraha prakAra ke tapa se pUrvasaMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai|' abuddhipUrvA nirjarA meM vedanA to atyadhika hotI hai, paraMtu nirjarA alpa hotI hai| bhagavatI meM isa prazna para carcA upalabdha hotI hai| "bhagavan! nairayikoM ko jo vedanA hai, kyA vaha nirjarA kahI jA sakatI hai? nahIM gautama! yaha 1. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 52.336. 2. sa.si. 9.7.807. 3. ta. sU. 9.9. evaM navatatva pra. 27.28. 4. navatatva prakaraNa 35.36. 5. "bArasavihaM tavo NijjarAya" navatatvapra. 34. 128 2010_03

Page #157
"" saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki vedanA karma haiM aura nirjarA no karma haiN| " baMdha aura mokSaH - jIva aura pudgala kA paraspara ekameka hokara mila jAnA baMdha hai aura sarvathA viyoga ho jAnA mokSa hai| 2 bhagavatI ke anusAra "jIva aura pudgala paraspara eka dUsare se spRSTa haiM, mile hue haiM, paraspara cikanAI se jur3e hue haiM aura paraspara gAr3ha ho kara raha rahe haiN| labAlaba bhare tAlAba meM koI vyakti do sau chidroM vAlI jahAja (naukA) DAla de, usameM jaise pAnI bhara jAtA hai, vaise hI jIva aura pudgala paraspara ekameka ho kara rahate haiM / " bhagavatI meM baMdha ke do prakAra batAye haiM:-prayogabaMdha aura visrasAbaMdha | " jo jIva ke prayoga se baMdhatA hai, vaha prayogabaMdha aura jo svAbhAvika rUpa se baMdhatA hai, vaha visrAbaMdha hai| yaha bhagavatI sUtra ke 8 veM zataka kA nauvA~ uddezaka baMdha kI carcA se saMbaMdhita hai| jIva aura karma ke banane yogya pudgala skaMdha kA paraspara anupraveza - eka kA dUsare meM ghusa jAnA hI baMdha haiN| yaha pAnI aura dUdha kI upamA se upamita kiyA gayA hai| S baMdha ke kAraNa pA~ca haiM - mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / ' baMdha ke prakAra cAra haiM- prakRti, sthiti, rasa aura pradeza / ' yoga se prakRti aura pradeza kA tathA kaSAya se sthiti aura anubhAga kA baMdha hotA hai / " ise zrI pUjyapAda se yoM samajhAyA hai - jisa prakAra nIma kI prakRti kaDuvApana hai, gur3a kI prakRti mIThApana hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti hai - jJAna nahIM hone denA, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti hai - artha kA avalokana nahIM hone denA, vedanIya karma kI prakRti hai - sAtA aura asAtA kA saMvedana karAnA, tattva 1. bhagavatI 7.3.11. 2. SaDdarzana samu. 51 3. bhagavatI 1.6.26. 4. bhagavatI 8.9.1. 5. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 51.230. 6. ta. sU. 8.1. 7. ta. sU. 8.3 8. bR. pra. sa. 33. 2010_03 129

Page #158
kI zraddhA nahIM hone denA, darzana mohanIya kI evaM asaMyamabhAva meM rahanA cAritramohanIya kI, bhavadhAraNa karanA Ayu karma kI, nAraka Adi nAmakaraNa nAma karma kI, ucca aura nIca sthAna kI prApti gotra karma kI, dAna Adi meM vighna karanA aMtarAya karma kI prakRti hai|' sthiti do prakAra kI haiM-jaghanya aura utkRSTA' jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAya ina cAroM kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama hai| mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti 70 koTAkoTi sAgaropama hai| yaha utkRSTa sthiti mAtra mithyAdRSTi, saMjJI paMcendriya aura paryAptaka ko hI prApta hotI hai| nAma aura gotra kI bIsa, Ayu karma kI taiMtIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti hai|' ina sabhI karmabaMdhoM kI jaghanya sthiti isa prakAra hai-vedanIya kI bAraha muhUrta, nAma aura gotra kI ATha muhUrta aura avaziSTa karmoM kI eka antarmuhUrta hai|' bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa, Adi ke dUdha meM jisa prakAra do prahara taka madhura rasa rahane kI kAlamaryAdA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kI sthiti bhI samajhanA caahiye| jIva ke pradezoM meM jitane kAla taka karma saMbaMdha rUpa se sthiti hai, use sthiti baMdha kahate haiN|' jaise dadha meM tAratamyatA se rasa saMbaMdhI zakti vizeSa hotI hai, usI prakAra jIva ke pradezoM para lage karma ke kaMdhoM meM bhI sukha athavA duHkha dene kI zakti vizeSa ko anubhAga baMdha kahate haiN| __ AtmA ke eka eka pradeza para siddhoM ke anaMtaveM bhAga pramANa aura abhavya jIvoM kI saMkhyA se anaMtaguNe anaMtAnaMta paramANu pratikSaNa baMdhate haiM, use pradezabaMdha kahate haiN|' 1. sa. si. 8.3.736 evaM bRhad dra. saM 33, pR. 106. 2. sa.si. 8.13.760. 3. ta. sU. 8.14.15. 4. sa.si. 8.14.760. 5. ta.sU. 8.16.17. 6. ta. sU. 8.18.20. vR. dra. saM. TI. 33. pR. 107. 8.5. dra. saM. TI. 33.107. evaM ta. sU.8.21. 9. ta. sU. 8.24 evaM bR. dra. saM. TI. 107. 130 2010_03

Page #159
kuMdakuMdAcArya ne baMdha kA kAraNa jIva ke mithyAdRSTi (rAgAdirUpa hone se) yukta adhyavasAya ko kahA hai| 'maiM jIvoM ko sukhI duHkhI karatA hU~'-yaha dRSTi kI mUr3hatA hI zubhAzubha karma ko bAMdhatI hai|' bAhya vastu baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM apitu adhyavasAya hI baMdha kA kAraNa hai|' baMdha aura Azrava kA bhedaH-prathama kSaNa meM karma skaMdhoM kA Agamana Azrava aura Agamana ke pazcAt dvitIya kSaNa meM jIva ke pradezoM meM una karmoM kA rahanA baMdha hai|' mokSa kA svarUpaH-mokSa kA artha hai mukta honaa| pUjyapAda ke anusAra - "jaba AtmA karma maila rUpI zarIra ko apane se sarvathA alaga kara detI hai, taba usake jo aciMtya svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNarUpa aura avyAbAdha sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa avasthA utpanna hotI hai, use mokSa kahate haiN| kuMdakuMda ke anusAra "AThoM karmoM ko kSaya karane vAle, anaMtajJAna, darzana, vIrya, sUkSmatva, kSAyika samyaktva, avagAhanatva, agurUlaghutva aura avyAbAdhatva ina ATha guNoM se yukta parama loka ke agrabhAga meM siddha (muktAtmA) sthira haiN|' vyavahAra naya se jJAnapuMja aise ve siddhabhagavAna caitanyaghana se Thosa cUr3AmaNi rala kI taraha hai, nizcaya naya se sahajaparamacaitanya ciMtAmaNisvarUpa nityazuddha nija rUpa meM rahate haiN|' mokSa meM jIva kA zuddha svarUpa hI rahatA haiN| dIpaka bujhane para jaise prakAza ke paramANu aMdhakAra meM badala jAte haiM, usI prakAra samasta karmakSaya hone para AtmA zuddha caitanya avasthA meM badala jAtI hai|' kuMdakuMda ne bhI paMcAstikAya meM mokSa meM AtmA kA sadbhAva siddha kiyA hai| "agara jIva kA mokSa meM asadbhAva 1. sa. sA. 259. 2. sa. sA. 265. vR. dra. saM. TI. 108. 4. sa. si. 1.4.18. 5. ni. sA. 12. 6. sa. sA. tA. vR. 101. 7. tarA. vA. 10.4. pR. 644. 131 2010_03

Page #160
ho to zAzvata-uccheda, bhavya-abhavya, zUnya azUnya aura vijJAna avijJAna bhAvoM kA abhAva ho jAyegA, jo anucita haiN|'' uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra siddhAtmA ke zarIra kI avagAhanA aMtima bhava meM jo zarIra kI U~cAI thI, usase tRtIya bhAga hIna hotI hai| siddhoM ke aMtima zarIra se kucha kama hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki carama zarIra ke nAka, kAna, nAkhuna Adi khokhale hote haiN| zarIra ke kucha khokhale bhAgoM meM Atmapradeza nahIM hote| muktAtmA chidrarahita hone ke kAraNa pahale zarIra se kucha kama, momarahita sAMse ke bIca AkAra kI taraha athavA chAyA ke pratibimba ke AkAra vAlI hotI hai|' _ siddha banane ke pazcAt unameM punaH saMsAra yA karmabaMdha kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI, kyoMki baMdhana rUpa kArya kA sarvathA uccheda ho jAtA hai| kAraNa samApta hone ke kAraNa kArya ho to jIva kA mokSa nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavatI meM bhI isI prakAra kI carcA hai jisane saMsAra kA nirodha kiyA hai, vaha punaH manuSyabhava kI dhAraNa nahIM krtaa|' siddhoM ke avagAhana zakti hotI hai| alpa avagAha meM bhI aneka siddhoM kA avagAha ho jAtA hai| jaba mUrtimAna dIpakoM kA bhI alpAkAza meM avirodhI avagAha dekhA gayA hai, taba siddhoM ke amUrta hone ke kAraNa virodha kA prazna hI nahIM hai| saMsArI sukha sAMta tathA utAra-car3hAva vAlA hai, parantu siddhAtmA kA sukha parama anaMta haiN|' saMpUrNa karma kSaya hone para Urdhvagamana svabhAva ke kAraNa mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai|' umAsvAti ne Urdhvagamana ke kAraNa batAye haiM-pUrva ke saMskAra se, karma ke saMgarahita ho jAne se, baMdhana ke TUTane se, aura Urdhvagamana kA svabhAva hone ke kAraNa mukta jIva Urdhvagamana hI karate haiN|' 1. pa. kA. gA. 46. 2. uttarAdhyayana 36.64. 3. da. dra. saM. TIkA 51 pR. 106, 4. tatvArtha rA.vA. 10.4.4.642. 5. bhagavatI 2. 1.9 (2) 6. ta. rA. vA. 10.4.9.11 pR. 643. 7. na. sU. 10.5 8. ta. sU. 10.6. 132 2010_03

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pUrva ke saMskAra:-jisa prakAra kumhAra apanA hAtha haTA le to bhI pUrva prayoga ke kAraNa saMskAra kSaya taka cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai, vaise hI saMsArI AtmA ne apavarga (mokSa) prApti ke liye prayatna kiyA hai, parantu karmasahita hone ke kAraNa binA niyama gamana karatA hai aura karmamukti hone ke kAraNa niyamapUrvaka gamana karatA hai|' karma se asaMgaH-miTTI ke lepase vajanadAra tUMbaDI pAnI meM DUba jAtI hai paraMtu jyoMhI miTTI kA lepa haTatA hai, tuMbaDI Upara A jAtI hai, usI taraha karma se bhArI AtmA bhaTakatA rahatA hai, para karmamukta banate hI Urdhvagamana kara jAtA hai|' baMdha chedaH-jisa prakAra bIja koza se baMdhana TUTane se eraMDa Upara kI ora jAtA hai, vaise hI gati nAma Adi karmoM ke baMdhana se haTate hI muktAtmA kI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati hotI hai|' agnizikhAvataH-jaise tirachI bahane vAlI vAyu ke abhAva meM dIpazikhA svabhAva se Upara kI ora jAtI hai, vaise hI muktAtmA bhI nAnA vikAroM ke kAraNa karma ke haTate hI UrdhvagatisvabhAva se Upara ko hI jAtI hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne cAroM udAharaNoM ko sUtra dvArA spaSTa bhI kiyA hai|' lokAgra taka hI siddhAtmA jAtA hai, usase Age nahIM jA pAtA kyoMki gamana kA kAraNa dharma dravya hai jisakA aloka meM abhAva hai|' mokSAvasthA meM bhI kevala samyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevala darzana aura siddhatva ina cAra bhAvoM kA kSaya nahIM hotaa|' unameM punaH saMsAra meM Akara janma maraNa karane kI bAdhA bhI nahIM hai| mUrta avasthA meM hI prIti, paritApa Adi bAdhAoM kI saMbhAvanA thii|' mukti kI prApti ke bhedaH-kSetra, kAla, gati, liGga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyekabuddha, bodhitabuddha, jJAna, avagAhanA, aMtara saMkhyA aura alpabahutva ina bAraha anuyogoM se siddhoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai|' 1. ta. sU. vA. 10.7.2.645. 2. ta. rA. vA.10.7.3.645. 3. ta. rA. vA. 10.7.5.645. ta. rA. vA. 10.7.6.645. 5. ta. sU. 10.7. ta. sU. 10.8. ta. sU. 10.4. 8. yasminneva deze karmavipramokSastasminnevAvasthAnaM prApnoti punargatikAraNAbhAvAditi, tanna: kiM kAraNam sAdhyasvAt" ta. vA. 10.4.19.644. 9. ta. sU. 10.9. 133 2010_03

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mukti kA sAdhanaH-tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne mukti kA mArga samyagdarzana, jJAna va cAritra ko mAnA hai| samayasAra meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ke anusAra jo AtmA ko aura baMdha ko jAnakara baMdha se virakta hotA hai, vahI mokSa kI prApti karatA hai|' AtmA aura baMdha prajJArUpI chedI dvArA bhinna kiye jAte haiN|' prajJA ke dvArA bhinna kiyA huA (baMdha aura caitanya) zuddha Atma-svarUpa hI merA hai, anya saba para dravya haiM, aisA mAnanA caahiye| kuMdakuMdAcArya ne samayasAra meM Age yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki mAtra jAnanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| baMdha, sthiti, svabhAva, Adi ko jAnane mAtra se mukti nahIM milatI, paraMtu una baMdhanoM ko kATane kI anukUla prakriyA apanAne para hI arthAt rAgAdi bhAva se jIva jaba zuddha hotA hai, tabhI use mukti prApta hotI hai| anaMta jIva Aja taka mukti prApta kara cuke haiM, paraMtu saMsAra meM AtmAe~ phira bhI banI rahatI haiM, usameM koI kamI nahIM AyI kyoMki jIva anAdi anaMta haiN| gaNita kA bhI yaha niyama hai ki anaMta meM se anaMta nikAleM, phira bhI bAkI anaMta hI rheNge| jitane jIva mokSa jAte haiM, utane hI jIva nigoda se nikalate haiN| ataH saMsAra meM jIva jitane haiM, utane hI rahate haiN| nigoda kA svarUpa isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA haiM - gola asaMkhyAta haiM, eka gola meM asaMkhyAta nigoda rahate haiN| jitane jIva vyavahAra rAzi se nikala kara mokSa jAte haiM, utane hI jIva avyavahAra rAzi se nikala kara vyavahAra rAzi meM A jAte haiN| jIva ke aneka nAmoM ke kAraNaH-jIva bAhya tathA AbhyaMtara zvAsa aura niHzvAsa letA hai isIliye prANa kahalAtA hai| vaha bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, ataH use bhUta kahanA caahiye| vaha jIvana jItA hai, jIvatva evaM AyuSyakarma kA anubhava karatA hai, ataH use satva kahanA caahiye| vaha rasoM kA jJAtA hai, ataH use vijJa kahanA caahiye| vaha sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatA hai, ata: use veda kahanA caahiye|' 1.ta. sU. 1.1. 2. sa. sA. 294. 3. sa. sA. 294.5. 4. sa. sA. 296. 5. sa. sA. 288.9. 6. syAdvAdamaMjarI 29. pR. 259 para uddhRt| 7. bhagavatI 2.1.8 (2) 134 ___ 2010_03

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4 ajIva kA svarUpa isa cauthe adhyAya meM jIva ke virUddha svabhAva vAle ajIva kA vivecana kreNge| bhagavatI meM astikAya ke saMbaMdha meM prazna pUchA gayA - astikAya kitane haiM ? bhagavAn ne kahA- astikAya pA~ca haiM- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya / ' astikAya kA artha hai bahupradezI | jinake Tukar3e na ho sake aise avibhAgI pradezoM ke samUha ko astikAya kahate haiN| 2 dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNaH- dharmAstikAya dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA lokapramANa hai, kAla kI apekSA vaha atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, ataH vaha dhruva nizcita, zAzvata, akSaya, avasthita aura nitya hai / guNa kI apekSA gamana guNa hai, gati meM udAsIna sahAyaka hai / ' uttarAdhyayana meM bhI dharmAstikAya ke gamana guNa kI puSTi kI gaI hai| " tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne bhI dharmAstikAya ko gamana meM upakArI batAyA hai| " zrI pUjyapAda svAmI ne gati kI vyAkhyA kI hai| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM jAne ko gati kahate haiM / " TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ke anusAra dharmadravya lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle sabhI pradezoM meM pUrI taraha se vyApta hai| isake bhI lokAkAza kI taraha 1. bhagavatI 2.10.1 evaM ThANAMga 5.170. 2. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 4.9.165 3. ThANAMga 4. gai lakkhaNI dhammo / uttarAdhyayana 28.9 5. ta sU. 5.17 6. sa. si. 5.17.559 2010_03 135

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asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| yaha svayaM gamana karanevAle jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM apekSA kAraNa hai, preraNA karake inako calAtA nahIM hai| agara calate haiM to calane meM sahakArI kAraNa avazya banatA hai|' ____ paMcAstikAya ke anusAra dharmAstikAya asparza, arasa, agaMdha, avarNa, azabda, lokavyApaka, akhaNDa, vizAla aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai|' sparzAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa hI dharmAstikAya amUrta svabhAvavAlA hai aura isIlie azabda bhI hai| saMpUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta rahane ke kAraNa lokavyApaka hai| ayuta siddha pradezI hone ke kAraNa akhaMDa hai| svabhAva se hI sarvataH vistRta hone se vizAla hai| nizcayanaya se eka pradezI hone para bhI vyavahAra naya se asaMkhyAta pradezI hai|' __dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya hai| yaha lakSaNa dharmAstikAya meM bhI prApta hotA hai| dharmAstikAya aguru laghu rUpa se sadaiva pariNamita hotA hai, phira bhI nitya hai, gatikriyA meM kAraNa bhUta hone para bhI svayaM akArya hai|' jaise machaliyoM ko pAnI calane meM sahayoga detA hai vaise hI dharmAstikAya bhI jIva aura pudgala ko udAsIna sahayoga karatA hai|' kAraNoM ke prakAra:-SaDdarzana samuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ne kAraNa tIna prakAra ke batAye haiM- pariNAmI kAraNa, nimittakAraNa aura nivartaka kaarnn| pariNAmIkAraNaH-jo svayaM kAryarUpa se pariNamana kare, kArya ke AkAra meM badala jAya vaha pariNAmI kAraNa hai jaise ghar3e meM miTTI (ise upAdAna kAraNa bhI kahate haiN)| nimitta kAraNa ve haiM jo svayaM kAryarUpa se pariNata to na ho, para kartA ko kArya meM sahAyaka ho, jaise ghar3e kI utpatti meM daNDa, cakra aadi| nirvartaka kAraNa- kArya kA kartA nirvartaka kAraNa hotA hai jaise ki ghar3e 1. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 49.166 2. paMcAstikAya 83 3. pa.kA.TI. 83 4. vahI 84 5. vahI 85 136 2010_03

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kI utpatti meM kumhaar| tatvArthasUtrabhASya meM uddhRta isa padya se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai|' nimittakAraNa do prakAra ke haiM- eka to zuddha nimittakAraNa tathA dUsarA apekSA nimitta kaarnn| svAbhAvika tathA kartA ke prayoga se jahA~ kriyA hotI hai, vaha zuddha nimittakAraNa evaM jahA~ svAbhAvika pariNamana mAtra hotA ho, vaha apekSA nimitta kAraNa kahalAtA hai|' sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA ho yA dharma sAhitya ho, dharma zabda kI paribhASA yA usakA prayoga zubha, prazaMsanIya, ucita vyavahAra Adi meM kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ dharmAstikAya ina sabhI vyAvahArika arthoM meM prayukta na hokara eka pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| jaina darzana ne jIva dravya kI taraha dharmAstikAya ko bhI dravya mAnA hai tathA use bhI guNa aura paryAya yukta kahA hai| anya dravyoM kI taraha dharma meM bhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM guNa upalabdha hote haiN| amUrta, niSkriya, dravyatva, jJeyatva Adi sAmAnya evaM isakA vizeSa guNa gati pradAna karanA hai| dharmAstikAya ko tatvArtha sUtra meM nikriya dravya' kahA hai kyoMki kriyA kI paribhASA hai- ataraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta se utpanna honevAlI jo paryAya dravya ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM prApta karAne kA kAraNa hai, vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai, jaba dharmAstikAya nikriya hai to isameM utpAda Adi saMbhava nahIM hai aura utpAda Adi lakSaNoM ke abhAva meM ise dravya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| zrI pUjyapAda ne samAdhAna diyA- yadyapi dharma niSkriya hai tathApi isameM 1. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 49.167 2. "nirvataka-nimittaM pariNAmIca vidheSyate hetuH| kuMbhakArI dharvA mucceti samasaMkhyam" udghateya ta. bhA.TI.1517. 3. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 49.168. 4. "gamaNaNimittaM dhamma" niyamasAra 30. 5. "nikriyANica" ta. sU. 5.7 6. sa.si. 5.7.539. 137 ___ 2010_03

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utpAdAdi dravya ke lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiN| inameM kriyAnimittaka utpAda nahIM hai tathApi anya prakAra se utpAda hai, kyoMki utpAda do prakAra kA hai- svanimittaka utpAda aura parapratyaya utpaad| pratyeka dravya meM Agama ke anusAra anaMta agurUlaghuguNa svIkAra kiye haiM jinakA SaTsthAnapati hAni aura vRddhi ke dvArA vartana hotA rahatA hai, ataH inakA utpAda aura vyaya svabhAva se hotA hai| isI prakAra parapratyaya kA bhI utpAda Adi hotA rahatA hai| jaise ye dharmAdi dravya gati Adi ke kAraNa hote haiM, inake gati sthiti Adi meM kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai ataH inakA kAraNa bhinna-bhinna honA caahiye| isa prakAra dharmAdi dravya meM parapratyaya kI apekSA utpAda vyaya hai aura jo utpAda vyaya yukta hai vaha dravya hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla inameM niSkriya hone ke kAraNa svabhAva paryAya hI pAyI jAtI hai, vibhAva paryAya nhiiN| svabhAva paryAya meM pariNamana para dravyoM kI apekSA se rahita hotA hai aura jo pariNamana skaMdha rUpa se hotA hai vaha vibhAva pariNamana kahalAtA hai| vibhAva pariNamana jIva aura pudgala meM pAyA jAtA hai| dharmAstikAya kI upayogitAH-jIva tathA pudgala donoM hI isa lokAkAza meM idhara se udhara bhramaNa karate haiN| sthUla gati kriyA to indriyagrAhya hai, parantu sUkSma gati kriyA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| sUkSma aura sthUla ina donoM hI gatikriyA meM dharma sahAyaka banatA hai| dharmAstikAya ko mAnane ke do kAraNa haiM: 1. gati kA sahayogI kAraNa evaM 2. loka aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti agara dharmAstikAya dravya kA abhAva hotA to jIva aura pudgala kI gati avyavasthita hotii| jIvAdi sabhI padArthoM ke astitva yukta ko loka kahate haiN| jahA~ jIvAdi kA saMpUrNa abhAva ho vaha aloka hai| agara jIva pudgala ko bahiraMga nimitta dharmAdi na mile to aloka meM unake gamana ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| dharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hI gativyavasthA niyaMtrita hotI hai aura 1. sa.si. 5.7.539. 2. niyamasAra 28 138 2010_03

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loka aloka ke madhya vibhAjaka rekhA bhI banatI hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA astitva pRthak hai, ataH bhinna haiM, para donoM eka hI kSetrAvagAhI hone ke kAraNa avibhakta bhI haiN| sAtha hI saMpUrNa loka meM gati Adi meM anugraha karate haiM ataH lokapramANa bhI hai| bhagavatI ke anusAra loka ke tInoM bhAgoM kA dharmAstikAya sparza karatA hai| adholoka dharmAstikAya ke Adhe se adhika bhAga ko tiryagloka asaMkhyeya bhAga ko, Urdhvaloka kucha kama dharmAstikAya ke Adhe bhAga kA sparza karatA hai| 2 bhagavatI meM gautama svAmI pUchate haiM ki dharmAstikAya dvArA jIvoM ke kyA gatividhi hotI hai ? bhagavAna kahate haiM- dharmAstikAya dvArA hI jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, unmeSa, (netra kholanA ) manoyoga, vacanayoga, aura kAyayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| isake atirikta bhI jitane calabhAva haiM ve saba dharmAstikAya dvArA pravRtta hote haiN| dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa gatirUpa hai / " gati meM udAsIna sahAyatA dharma dravya kA lakSaNa hai, paraMtu yaha svayaM prerita nahIM krtaa| jaise bijalI ke tAra bijalI ko, rela kI paTarI rela ko calane ke lie prerita nahIM karatI apitu udAsIna bhAva se sahAyaka mAtra hotI hai, usI prakAra dharmAstikAya bhI udAsIna sahAyaka mAtra banatA hai| dharmAstikAya jaina darzana kI apanI maulika dena hai| kisI bhI darzana meM dharmAstikAya saMbaMdhI ciMtana carcA AMzika bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| prameya kamalamArtaNDa ke anusAra aneka dravya kI eka sAtha pravRtti yA gati honA hI dharma dravya kI yathArthatA aura dravyatA ko pramANita karatA hai| unake anusAra sabhI jIvoM aura pudgala dravyoM kI pRthak-pRthak gatiyoM ke liye eka sAmAnya aura Antarika paristhiti para nirbhara honA anivArya hai| jaise eka tAlAba ke pAnI se asaMkhya machaliyoM kI gati nirbhara karatI hai / 1 jisa prakAra svayaM calane meM samartha laMgar3e ko lAThI sahArA detI hai yA darzana samartha netra ko dIpaka kA sahArA hotA hai usI prakAra svayaM gati pariNata jIvoM ko va pudgaloM ko dharma gati meM sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| laMgaDe vyakti 12. paM. kA. gAthA 87 3. bhagavatI 13.4.24 4. prameyakamala mArtaNDa pari. 4.10 pR. 623 2010_03 139

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ko lAThI na to gati meM preraNA detI hai, na kartA banatI hai aura na darzana zakti ke abhAva meM dIpaka darzana kI zakti utpanna kara sakatA hai, lAThI aura dIpaka to mAtra sahayogI banate haiM / ' jisa gati sahAyaka padArtha ko jaina darzana ne dharmAstikAya kahA, Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa usI se milate hue dravya ko vijJAna ne "Ithara" kahA hai| 18vIM / 19vIM zatAbdi meM bhautika vijJAnavettAoM ke sAmane eka bAta spaSTa ho gayI ki yadi prakAza kI taraMgoM kA astitva hai to usakA koI AdhAra avazya honA cAhiye jaise pAnI sAgara kI taraMgoM ko paidA karatA hai aura havA una kaMpanoM ko janma detI hai jinheM hama dhvani kahate haiN| jaba yaha lagA ki prakAza zUnya se bhI hokara vicaraNa karatA hai, taba vaijJAnikoM ne " Ithara " tatva kI kalpanA kI, jo unake anusAra samasta AkAza aura brahmANDa meM vyApta hai| bAda meM phaireDe ne eka anya prakAra ke " Ithara " kI kalpanA kI jo vidyut evaM cuMbakIya zaktiyoM kA vAhaka mAnA gayA / antataH yaha " Ithara " kI nizcita aura spaSTa mAnyatA meksvena vaijJAnika ke bAda siddhAMta rUpa meM svIkAra kara lI gyii| unhoMne prakAza ko "vidyuta cuMbakIya vikSobha " ( Electromagnatic disturbance) ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dii| aba Ithara kA svarUpa aura astitva nizcita sA ho gyaa| 2 amerikana bhautika vijJAnavettA e. e. mAikelasana aura I. yU morale ne klIvaleNDa meM san 1881 meM Ithara ke saMbaMdha meM eka bhavya parIkSaNa kiyaa| usa parIkSaNa ke pIche unakA tarka thA ki yadi saMpUrNa AkAza kevala Ithara kA gatihIna sAgara hai to Ithara ke bIca pRthvI kA ThIka usI taraha patA laganA cAhiye aura paimAiza honA cAhiye jaise nAvika sAgara meM jahAja ke vega nApate haiN| nAvika jahAja kI gati kA mApa sAgara meM laTThA phaiMkakara aura usase baMdhI rassI kI gAMThoM ke khulane para najara rakhakara lagAte hai / ataH morale aura mAikelasana ne laTThA pheMkane kI kriyA kI / yaha laTThA prakAza 1. ta.vA. 5.17.24.463 2. DaoN. AinsTIna aura brahANDa liMkana bAraneTa pR 42 2010_03 140

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? kI kiraNa ke rUpa meM thA / yadi prakAza sacamuca Ithara meM phailatA hai to isakI gati para pRthvI kI gati ke kAraNa utpanna Ithara kI dhArA kA prabhAva par3anA caahiye| vizeSa taura para pRthvI kI gati kI dizA meM phaiMkI gayI prakAza kiraNa meM Ithara kI dhArA se usI taraha halkI bAdhA pahu~canI cAhiye jaisI bAdhA kA sAmanA eka tairAka ko dhArA ke viparIta tairate samaya karanA par3atA hai| isameM aMtara bahuta thor3A hogA kyoMki prakAza kA vega eka sekaNDa meM 1,86,284 mIla hai jabaki sUrya ke cAroM ora apanI dhurI para pRthvI kA vega kevala bIsa mIla pratisekaNDa hotA hai| ataeva Ithara dhArA ko viparIta dizA meM pheMke jAne para prakAza kiraNa kI gati 1,86,264 mIla honI cAhie aura sIdhI dizA meM pheMkI jAya to 1,86,304 miil| ina vicAroM ko mastiSka meM rakhakara mAikelasana aura morale ne eka yaMtra kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa yaMtra kI sUkSmadarzitA isa hada taka pahu~cI huI thI ki vaha prakAza ke tIvra vega meM prati saikaNDa eka-eka mIla ke aMtara ko bhI aMkita kara letA thaa| isa yaMtra ko unhoMne vyatikaraNa mApaka (Interferometer) nAma diyaa| kucha darpaNa isa taraha lagAye hue the ki eka prakAza kiraNa ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA thA aura eka hI sAtha do dizA meM unheM pheMkA jA sakatA thA / yaha sArA parIkSaNa itanI sAvadhAnI se Ayojita kiyA ki saMdeha kI koI guMjAiza hI nahIM thii| isakA niSkarSa sarala bhASA meM yaha rahA ki prakAza kiraNoM ke vega meM cAhe ve pheMkI gayI ho, koI aMtara nahIM pdd'taa|' AiMsTIna ke anusAraH - isa niSkarSa se vaijJAnika jagata meM halacala prAraMbha ho gayI kyoMki isa niSkarSa se bhI adhika mAnya koparanikasa siddhAMta ko, jisameM yaha siddha kiyA thA ki "pRthvI sthira nahIM, gatizIla haiM" ko choDe yA Ithara siddhAMta ko / bahuta se bhautika vijJAna vettAoM ko yaha lagA ki yaha vizvAsa karanA adhika AsAna hai ki pRthvI sthira hai banispata isake ki taraMge, prakAza taraMge, vidyuta cuMbakIya taraMge binA kisI sahAre ke astitva meM raha sakatI haiN| inhIM vibhinna matadhArAoM ke kAraNa paccIsa varSa paryaMta eka mata nahIM bana paayaa| nayI kalpanAe~ huI, parIkSaNa hue, paraMtu niSkarSa yahI rahA ki "Ithara" meM pRthvI 1. jaina darzana aura anekAMta: yuvAcArya mahAprajJa pR. 25-26 141 2010_03

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kA pratyakSa vega zUnya hai| Ithara prakAza kI gati ko prabhAvita nahIM karatA isaliye AiMsTIna ne usake astitva kA nirasana kiyaa| paraMtu yaha to svIkAra karanA hI hogA ki gati niyAmaka tatva ke abhAva meM padArtha anaMta meM bhaTaka jAte aura eka dina vartamAna vizva prakAza zUnya ho jaataa| Ithara' ke viSaya meM bhautika vijJAnavettA DaoN. e.esa. eDiMgaTana likhate Now a days it is agreed that ETHER is not a kind of matter, being non material, its properties are quite unique characters such as mass and rigidity which we meet with in matter will naturally be absent in ETHER but the ETHER will have new definite characters of its own non material ocean ofETHER. Ajakala yaha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ki "Ithara bhautika dravya nahIM hai| bhautika kI apekSA usakI prakRti bhinna hai| bhUta meM prApta piNDatva aura ghanatva guNoM kA Ithara meM abhAva hogA, paraMtu usake apane naye aura nizcayAtmaka guNa hoNge|" prophesara jI.Ara. jaina M.S.C. dharma aura Ithara kI tulanA karate hue likhate "Thus it is proved that science and Jain Physics agree obsolutely so far as they call Dharm (ETHER) non-material, non-atomi. non-discreate, continuous,co-extensiv with space in divisible and as a necessary medium for motion and one which does not itself move." ___arthAt yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki "vijJAna aura jaina darzana donoM yahA~ taka ekamata hai ki dharmadravya yA Ithara abhautika, apAramANavika, avibhAjya, akhaNDa AkAza ke samAna vyApaka gati meM anivArya mAdhyama aura apane Apa meM sthira hai|" vaijJAnikoM dvArA sammata yaha 'Ithara' gati tatva kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| Ithara saMbaMdhI ye sArI mAnyatAe~ madhyayugIna vaijJAnika yuga se saMbaMdhita hai| 1. DaoN. AiMsTIna aura brahmANDa pR. 43-46. 2. The nature of the Physical world p. 31 142 2010_03

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agara dharmAstikAya kI kalpanA nahIM hotI to pudgala aura jIva kI gati meM nimitta kauna hotA? kyoMki jIva aura pudgala to svayaM upAdAna kAraNa hai| havA svayaM gatizIla hai to pRthvI, pAnI loka meM sarvatra vyApta nahIM hai| ataH hameM aisI zakti kI apekSA hai jo svayaM gatizUnya aura saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta ho, sAtha hI aloka meM nahIM / ' adharmAstikAya kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNaH-adharmAstikAya varNa, gaMdha, rasa, aura sparza rahita hai arthAta arUpI, ajIva, zAzvata, loka pramANa hai evaM jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM sahAyaka tatva hai| 2 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI adharma ko sthiti lakSaNa vAlA sUcita kiyA hai / " tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra bhI jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM udAsIna sahAyaka ko adharmAstikAya kahA hai / " zrI pUjyapAda ne adharmAstikAya kA udAharaNa dete hue batAyA ki jisa prakAra ghoDe ko Thaharane meM pRthvI sAdhAraNa nimitta hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala ko Thaharane meM adharmAstikAya sAdhAraNa nimitta hai / " laghu dravya saMgraha ke anusAra sthita hote jIvoM aura pudgaloM ko jo sthira hone meM sahakArI kAraNa haiM use adharmAstikAya kahate haiM, jaise chAyA yAtriyoM ko sthira hone meM sahakArI hai, paraMtu vaha gamana karate jIva aura pudgala ko sthira nahIM krtii| ' SaDdarzana samuccaya kI TIkA meM bhI adharmAstikAya ke isI lakSaNa ko puSTa kiyA hai|' adharmAstikAya kA apanA koI svataMtra kArya nahIM hai| sthUla rukanA to spaSTa dRSTi gata hotA hai, paraMtu sUkSma sthiti to dRSTigata hotI nahIM hai| paraMtu sUkSma ThaharanA padArtha ke muDane ke samaya hotA hai| calatA calatA hI padArtha yadi muDanA cAhe to use moDa para jAkara kSaNabhara ThaharanA pdd'egaa| 1. prajJApanA vR. pa. 1 2. bhagavatI 2.10.2 evaM ThANAMga 5.171 3. adhambho ThANa lakkhaNo uttarA 28.9 4. ta. sU. 5.17 5. sa. si. 5.17.599 6. laghu dravya saMgraha 9 7. SaDdarzana samuccayaTIkA 49.169 2010_03 143

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yadyapi rukanA dRSTigata nahIM huA para hotA avazya hai| isa sUkSma tathA sthUla rUkane meM jo sahAyaka tatva haiM, use adharmAstikAya kahate haiN|' isa para se yaha na samajheM ki jo sadA sarvadA se rUkA huA hai usameM bhI adharmAstikAya kA sahayoga hai| adharmAstikAya use sahayoga karatI hai, jo calate-calate tthhre| jo calatA hI nahIM, use ThaharAne kA prazna hI nahIM hai| jaise AkAza calatA hI nahIM to use ThaharAne kA prazna hI nahIM hai| __ paMcAstikAya meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ke anusAra na dharmAstikAya gamana karatA hai aura na adharmAstikAya sthira karatA hai| jIva aura pudgala svayaM apane pariNAmoM se gati aura sthiti karate haiN|' phira prazna hotA hai ki taba dharma aura adharma ko mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA samAdhAna amRtacaMdrAcArya dete haiN| unake anusAra "agara dharma aura adharma gati aura sthiti ke mukhya hetu mAna liye jAya to jinheM gati karanI hai, ve gati hI kareMge aura jinheM sthiti rakhanI hai ve sthiti hI rkhegeN| donoM gati aura sthiti eka padArtha meM nahIM pAyI jAtI jabaki gati aura sthiti donoM hI eka dharma meM pAye jAte haiN| ataH anumAna hai ki ye vyavahAranaya dvArA sthApita udAsIna kAraNa hai|'' adharmAstikAya kI upayogitAH-gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA bhagavan! adharmAstikAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? bhagavAna ne kahAagara adharmAstikAya nahIM hotA to jIva khar3A kaise hotA? baiThanA, mana ko ekAgra karanA, mauna karanA, nispaMda honA, karavaTa lenA Adi jitane bhI sthira bhAva hai, ve adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hai| siddhasena divAkara dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ke svataMtra dravyatva ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate, ve inheM dravya kI paryAya mAtra svIkAra karate haiN|' dharmAstikAya adharmAstikAya ke astitva kI siddhiH- prazna hotA hai AkAza 1. padArtha vijJAna : jinedra varNI pR. 190 2. paM. kA. 89 3. paM. kA. tA. vR.89. 4. bhagavatI 13.4.25 5. "prayogavinasAkarma, tdbhaavisthitistthaa| lokAnubhAvavRtAMta, kiM dharmAdharmayoH phalaM: ni.dvA. 24 144 ___ 2010_03

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sarvagata hai, ata: use hI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka mAna lenA caahiye| alaga se dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko mAnane kI kyA tuka hai? isakA samAdhAna hai ki AkAza dharma aura adharma sabhI kA AdhAra hai| jaise nagara samasta bhavanoM kA AdhAra hai| AkAza kA upakAra avagAhana nizcita hai to usake anya upakAra nahIM mAne jA sakate, anyathA taralatA aura uSNa guNa bhI pRthvI ke mAna lene caahiye| agara AkAza ko gati aura sthiti kA sahAyaka mAnA jAya to jIva aura pudgala kI gati alokAkAza meM bhI honI cAhie aura taba loka aura aloka kI vibhAjana rekhA hI samApta ho jaayegii| loka se bhinna aloka kA honA to anivArya haiM, kyoMki vaha "abrAhmaNa" kI taraha najJayukta sArthaka pada hai| jisa prakAra machalI kI gati jala meM hI saMbhava hai, jala rahita pRthvI para nahIM, usI taraha AkAza kI upasthiti hone para bhI dharma adharma ho to jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti ho sakatI hai|' yadi AkAza se hI dharmAdharma kA kArya liyA jAtA hai to satva guNoM se hI prasAra aura lAghava kI taraha rajoguNa ke zoSa aura tApa tathA tamoguNa ke sAdana aura AvaraNa rUpa kArya ho jAnA caahiye| zeSaguNoM kA mAnanA nirarthaka hai| isI taraha sabhI AtmAoM meM eka caitanyatatva samAna hai, taba eka hI AtmA mAnanI cAhiye, anaMta nhiiN| bauddha rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ye pA~ca skaMdha mAnate haiN| yadi eka meM hI anya ke dharmoM ko mAnA jAya to vijJAna ke binA anya skaMdhoM kI pratIti nahIM hotI, ataH eka vijJAna skaMdha hI mAnanA caahiye| usI se sAre kArya saMpanna ho jaayeNge| aura zeSa skaMdhoM kI nivRtti hone para nirAvalaMbana vijJAna kI bhI sthiti nahIM rahegI aura taba sarvazUnyatA utpanna ho jaayegii| ataH vyApaka hone para bhI AkAza meM gati aura sthiti ke upakAraka dharma adharma kI yogyatA nahI mAnI jA sktii|' dharma aura adharma cU~ki amUrta hone ke kAraNa dRSTigata nahIM hote, paraMtu isase kharaviSANa kI taraha inakI anupalabdhi nahIM mAnanI cAhiye kyoMki aisI sthiti meM tIrthaMkara, puNya, pApa Adi sabhI padArthoM kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| 1. tattvArtharAjavAttikaM 5.17 20-22 pR. 462 2. vahI 5.17 23. pR. 463 145 ___ 2010_03

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sAtha hI upalabdhi prasiddha haiM, kyoMki tIrthaMkara paramAtmA Adi dvArA praNIta AgamoM meM dharma aura adharma kI upalabdhi hotI hai| anumAna se bhI gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa nimitta ke rUpa meM upalabdhi hotI hai| yahA~ eka prazna yaha bhI hotA hai ki jisa prakAra jJAnAdi AtmapariNAma aura dahI Adi pudgalapariNAmoM kI utpatti parasparAzrita haiM, usake liye dharma aura adharma jaise kisI atIndriya dravya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| akalaMka unake samAdhAna meM kahate haiM- jJAnAdi paryAyoM kI utpatti ke lie "kAla" nAmaka sAdhAraNa bAhya kAraNa kI AvazyakatA hai usI taraha dharma aura adharma kI bhI gati aura sthiti ke liye AvazyakatA hai| amUrta hone se hI dharma aura adharma kA abhAva nahIM kiyA jAtA kyoMki amUrta pradhAna ahaMkAra (sAMkhya ke anusAra) Adi vikAra rUpa se pariNata hokara puruSa ke bhoga meM nimitta hotA hai, vijJAna amUrta hokara bhI nAma rUpa kI utpatti kA kAraNa hotA hai (bauddh)| adRSTa amUrta hokara bhI puruSa ke upabhoga aura sAdhanoM meM nimitta hotA hai, usI taraha dharma aura adharma bhI amUrta hone para bhI gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa nimitta mAne jAne caahiye|' isa prakAra agara dharma aura adharma kI mAnyatA nahIM hotI to zuddhAtmA Aja taka ur3Ana hI bharatI rahatI aura usakI isa anaMta yAtrA kA kabhI aMta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki AkAza kA kahIM aMta nahIM hai, paraMtu dharma aura adharma ke astitva ke kAraNa muktAtmA loka ke agrabhAga para jAkara sthira ho jAtI hai kyoMki gatisahAyaka dharmAstikAya kI aloka meM anupasthiti hai aura graha upagraha Adi kA paraspara gharSaNa bhI adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki apanI hI paridhi meM niraMtara pramaNazIla inakA saMtulana adharmAstikAya sthApita kara detA hai| ____ AkAzAstikAya kA lakSaNa aura svarUpaH-astikAya meM tIsarA astikAya dravya AkAzAstikAya hai| ThANAMga meM isakA vivecana aura lakSaNa isa prakAra batAyA hai| AkAzAstikAya avarNa, agaMdha, arasa, asparza, arupa, ajIva, zAzvata, avasthita tathA loka kA eka aMzabhUta dravya hai| 1. ta. rA.vA. 5.17.28. 464 2. vahI 5.17.36.465 3. vahI 5.17.41.466 146 2010_03

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dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA loka tathA aloka pramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna tInoM meM zAzvata hai| bhAva kI apekSA avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza hai| guNa kI apekSA avagAhana guNa vAlA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI AkAza ke avagAhana guNa ko hI puSTa kiyA hai| yahA~ prabuddha varga meM eka samasyA ubhara sakatI hai ki hama AkAza kaheM kise? jo hameM nIlA, pIlA dikhAyI detA hai, vaha AkAza hai? paraMtu nIlA pIlA to AkAza ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki AkAzAstikAya kA lakSaNa to avarNa hai tathA amUrta hai| vaha to indriyoM se jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha sardI garmI jo kucha hameM pratIta hotA hai vaha vAyu kI hai, AkAza kI nhiiN| yaha vAyu AkAza meM vyApta hai| sugaMdha/durgandha Adi pudgala skaMdhoM kI haiM, AkAza kI nhiiN| nIlA pIlA dIkhatA hai ye bhI vAyu maMDala meM tairane vAle kSudra aNuoM ke raMga haiM aura sUrya kI kiraNoM ko prApta karake isa raMga meM raMga jAte haiN| vaizeSika' zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM aura ise siddha karane ke prayAsa bhI karate haiM, paraMtu zabda AkAza kA guNa na hokara paudgalika hai| kyoMki vaizeSikoM ne johetu upasthita kiye haiM, ve asiddha haiN|' zabda AkAza kA guNa na hokara pudgala kA guNa hai kyoMki aneka pudgaloM ke TakarAne se zabda utpanna hotA hai aura vAyumaNDala meM eka kaMpana vizeSa utpanna karatA hai| hamAre cAroM aura jo bhI khAlI jagaha (Vaccum)dikhAyI detI hai, vahI AkAza hai, jise aMgrejI bhASA meM space kahA jAtA hai| Sky aura Space meM aMtara hai| Sky to vaha hai jo pudgala ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai arthAt raMgabiraMgA dikhatA hai| AkAza kA upakAra hai-dharma, adharma, jIva aura pudgala ko avagAha denaa| 1. ThANAMga 5.172 evaM bhagavatI 2.10.4 2. bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM, nahaM ogAha lakkhaNaM, uttarAdhyayana 28.9 3. vaizeSika sUtra 22.1.27, 29-32 evaM tatra AkAzasya guNAH zabda saMkhyaparimANa pRthaktvaM saMyoga vibhAgA....... prazasta bhA.pR. 23-25. 4. syAdvAdamaMjarI 14 pR. 127-128. 5. padArtha vijJAna pR. 167 le. jineMdra varNI 6. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigama sUtra 5.18 pR. 262 147 2010_03

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dharma aura adharma AkAza kA avagAhana karake rahate haiM, yaha eka aupacArika prayoga hai| haMsa jala kA avagAhana karake rahatA hai, isa taraha kA mukhya prayoga nahIM hai| AdhAra aura Adheya meM jahA~ paurvAparya saMbaMdha ho, vaha mukhya prayoga hotA hai| saMpUrNa lokAkAza aura dharma aura adharma kI vyApti hai / ' dharmAstikAyAdiko avagAhana dene vAlA lokAkAza hai, paraMtu AkAza kA apanA koI AdhAra nahIM hai, kyoMki AkAza se bar3A koI dravya nahIM hai jisameM AkAza Adheya bana ske| ataH anaMta yaha AkAza svapratiSTha hai| AkAza kA AdhAra anya, phira usakA koI anya AdhAra mAnane meM anavasthA hotI hai / " evaMbhUtanaya kI dRSTi se sAre dravya svapratiSThita haiN| inameM AdhAra Adheya bhAva nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya se AdhAra Adheya kI kalpanA hotI hai| vyavahAra se hI vAyu kA AkAza, jala kA vAyu, pRthvI kA jala, sabhI jIvoM kA pRthvI, jIva kA ajIva, ajIva kA jIva, karma kA jIva aura jIva kA karma, dharma, adharma tathA kAla kA AkAza AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai| paramArtha se to vAyu Adi samasta svapratiSThita hai| 1 dharma aura adharma ko bhI AkAza hI avagAhana detA hai, paraMtu inameM paurvAparya saMbaMdha nahIM hai, jaisA kuNDa aura bora meM hai| inakA saMbaMdha zarIra aura hAtha jaisA hai| hAtha aura zarIra meM AdhAra Adheya bhAva haiM phira bhI na to pUrvAparakAla haiM, na yutsiddhi| donoM yugapat utpanna hote haiM aura ayutasiddha hote haiN| ' dharma aura adharma tiloM meM taila kI taraha sampUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta karake rahatA hai| " avagAha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-puruSa ke mana kI taraha aura dUsarA dUdha meM pAnI kI taraha athavA jaise AtmA saMpUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hokara rahatI hai, vaise hI dharma aura adharma bhI saMpUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta karake rahate haiM / ' 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.18.2.466 2. lokAkAzevagAhaH ta. sU. 5.12 3. ta. rA. vA. 5.12 2-4, 454 4. vahIM 5. 12.5, 6,454, 55 5. vahIM 5.12.89 455 6. ta. sU. 5.13 7. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigamasUtra 5.13.257 2010_03 148

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jIva aura pudgala to jisa prakAra se jala meM haMsa avagAhana karatA hai, vaise hI lokAkAza meM karate haiN| ye alpakSetra aura asaMkhyeya bhAga ko rokate haiM aura kriyAvAna haiN| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAte haiN| ataH inake avagAha meM saMyoga aura vibhAga dvArA AkAza upakAra karatA hai|" dharma aura adharma ke anAdisaMbaMdha aura ayutasiddhatva ke viSaya meM anekAMta haiN| paryAyArthikanaya kI gauNatA aura dravyArthikanaya kI mukhyatA hone para vyaya aura utpAda nahIM hotA aura paryAyArthikanaya kI mukhyatA aura dravyArthikanaya kI gauNatA hone para sAdisaMbaMdha aura yutasiddhatva haiM kyoMki AkAza bhI dravya hai aura isa apekSA se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta honA isakA lakSaNa __AkAza dravyoM se ananya hai aura dravya AkAza se ananya haiM:-jIva pudgala, dharma, adharma, tathA kAla loka se ananya hai aura loka ina pA~coM dravyoM se ananya hai| loka ke binA avaziSTa pA~coM dravyoM kA astitva nahIM hai aura lokAkAza bhI inase rahita nahIM hotaa| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina tInoM astikAyoM kA eka kSetrAvagAhI aura samAna parimANa vAle hone ke kAraNa ekatva hai| phira bhI ina tInoM ke lakSaNa bhinna haiN| aura bhinna haiM, ataH anyatva bhI hai|' anya dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM, paraMtu AkAza anaMtapradezI hai|' rikta sthAna ko AkAza kahate haiN| yadyapi isa khAlI jagaha meM vAyu hone ke kAraNa vAyumaMDala kahA jAtA hai, paraMtu vAyu aura AkAza alaga-alaga haiN| vAyu jisameM rahatI hai, saMcAra karatI hai, vaha AkAza hai| Upara aMtarikSa jahA~ Aja ke bheje gaye vaijJAnika yaMtra spUtanika Adi ghUma rahe haiM vahA~ vAyu nahIM hai, paraMtu AkAza avazya hai| jisa khAlI jagaha meM ye vaijJAnika upakaraNa ghUma rahe haiM vaha AkAza hai| catuSTayI kI apekSA lokaH-loka sAdi hai yA anAdi evaM loka sAMta hai yA anaMta! isa saMbaMdha meM skaMdaka ko jijJAsA huii| ve mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ce 1. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigama sUtra 5.18.262 2. ta. rA. vA. 5.18.5.466, 67 3. paM. kA. 91 4. paM. kA 9 5. "loyAloyappamANamete aNaMte ceva" bhagavatI 2.10.4 evaM "AkAzasyAnaMtAH" ta. sU. 5.9 149 2010_03

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aura isa saMbaMdha meM samAdhAna caahaa| bhagavAn ne kahA- "loka cAra prakAra kA hai- dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka aura bhaavlok| dravyaloka kI apekSAH-loka eka hai aura aMtavAlA hai| kSetraloka kI apekSAH-asaMkhya kor3AkoDI yojana taka laMbA hai, asaMkhya kor3Akor3I paridhi vAlA hai, phira bhI sAMta hai| kAla kI apekSAH-bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ina tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai| dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avasthita, avyaya, aura nitya hai| bhAvaloka kI apekSAH-anaMta varNaparyAyarUpa, gaMdhaparyAyarUpa, rasa paryAyarUpa aura sparza paryAyarUpa hai| isI prakAra anaMtasaMsthAna paryAyarUpa, anaMtagurUlaghuparyAyarUpa, evaM anaMtaagurU laghuparyAyarUpa hai| isakA aMta nahIM hai| isa prakAra dravyaloka evaM kSetraloka antasahita hai, kAla evaM bhAvaloka aNtrhit|' AkAzAstikAya ke bhevaH-bhagavatI evaM ThANAMga ke anusAra AkAza do prakAra kA hai- lokAkAza aura alokaakaash|' lokAkAza aura alokAkAza meM kyA bhinnatA hai? taba bhagavAna ne kahA lokAkAza meM jIva, jIva ke deza aura jIva ke pradeza haiN| ajIva bhI hai| ajIva ke deza aura ajIva ke pradeza bhI hai| una jIvoM meM niyamataH ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya tathA anindriya hai| ajIva bhI rupI aura arupI donoM hai| rupI ke skaMdha, skaMdhadeza, skaMdhapradeza aura paramANupudgala isa prakAra cAra bheda haiN| jo arupI hai unake pA~ca bheda-dharmAstikAya, nodharmAstikAya kA deza, aura dharmAstikAya ke pradeza, adharmAstikAya, noadharmAstikAya kA deza, aura adharmAstikAya ke pradeza aura addhAsamaya hai|' alokAkAza meM na jIva hai na ajIvapradeza hai| vaha eka ajIvadravya deza hai, agurulaghu hai tathA anaMta agurulaghuguNoM se saMyukta hai| anaMtabhAgakama sarvAkAzarUpa hai|' 1. bhagavatI 2.1.24 2. "duvihe Agese paNate taM jahA- loyAgAse ya aloyAgAse ya" bhagavatI 2.10.10 ThANAMga 2.152 3. bhagavatI 2.10.11 4. bhagavatI 2.10.12 150 2010_03

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yaha alokAkAza na to dharmAstikAya se, na adharmAstikAya se, na AkAzAstikAya se spaSTa hai| AkAzAstikAya ke deza aura pradeza se hI spaSTa hai| pRthvIkAya athavA addhAkAla se bhI spaSTa nahIM hai|' jabaki loka dharmAstikAya se evaM usake pradeza se spaSTa hai| isI prakAra adharmAstikAya se evaM usake pradeza se spaSTa hai| AkAzAstikAya ke deza aura pradeza se spaSTa hai| pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM pRthvIkAyAdi se vanaspati taka spaSTa hai| trasakAya se kathaMcit spaSTa hai kathaMcit spaSTa nahIM hai| (jaba kevalI samudghAta karate haiM, taba cauthe samaya meM ve apane AtmapradezoM se samagra loka ko vyApta kara lete haiN| kevalI trasakAya ke aMtargata Ate haiN|) addhAsamaya deza se spaSTa hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhii| (addhAkAla aDhAI dvIpa meM hI hai, Age nhiiN|) / bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra jo dharma, adharma, jIva, pudgala ko avakAza de, vaha lokAkAza aura usa lokAkAza se bAhara alokAkAza hai|' loka kA vivecana bauddha mata meM:-AcArya vasubaMdhu ne loka ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra maMtavya spaSTa kiyA hai __ "loka ke adhobhAga meM solaha lAkha yojana U~cA aparimita vAyumaMDala hai| usake Upara 11 lAkha 20 hajAra yojana U~cA jala maMDala hai| usameM tIna lAkha bIsa hajAra yojana kaMcana maya bhUmaNDala hai| jala maMDala aura kaMcana maMDala kA vistAra 12 lAkha 3 hajAra 450 yojana tathA paridhi 36 lAkha 10 hajAra 350 yojana pramANa hai| kaMcanamaya vAyumaMDala ke madhya meM meru parvata hai| yaha 80 hajAra yojana nIce jala meM DUbA huA hai tathA itanA hI Upara nikalA huA hai|' isase Age 80 hajAra yojana vistRta aura do lAkha cAlIsa hajAra yojana pramANa paridhi se saMyukta prathama samudra hai jo meru ko ghera kara avasthita hai| isase 1. prajJApanA 15.1.1005 2. prajJApanA 15.1.1002 3. bRhad dravya saMgraha 22. 4. abhidharmakoSa 3.45 5. abhidharmakoSa 3.46 6. abhidharmakoSa 3.47, 148 7. abhidharmakoSa 3.50 151 ___ 2010_03

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Age cAlIsa hajAra yojana vistRta yugaMdhara parvata valayAkAra se sthita hai| isake Age bhI isI prakAra se eka-eka samudra ko antarita karake Adhe-Adhe vistAra se saMyukta kramazaH yugaMdhara, IzAdhara, khadIraka, sudarzana, azvakarNa, vinataka aura nirmidhara parvata hai| samudroM kA vistAra uttarottara AdhA-AdhA hotA gayA hai|' ukta parvatoM meM se merU caturralamaya, zeSa sAta svarNamaya hai| sabase bAhara avasthita mahAsamudra kA vistAra tIna lAkha bAIsa hajAra yojana pramANa hai| aMta meM lauhamaya cakravAla parvata sthita hai| nirmidhara aura cakravAla parvatoM ke madhya meM jo samudra sthita hai usameM jambUdvIpa, pUrvavideha, avaragodAnIya ara uttarakuru ye cAra dvIpa haiN| inameM jambUdvIpa merU ke dakSiNa bhAga meM hai| usakA AkAra zakaTa ke samAna hai| usakI tIna bhujAoM meM se do bhujAe~ do-do hajAra yojana kI aura eka bhujA tIna hajAra pacAsa yojana kI hai| jambUdvIpa meM uttara kI ora bane kITAdi aura unake Age himavAn parvata avasthita hai| himavAn parvata se Age uttara meM pA~ca sau yojana vistRta anavatapta nAma kA agAdha sarovara hai| isase gaMgA, siMdhu, vakSu aura sItA ye cAra nadiyA~ nikalI haiN| isa sarovara ke samIpa jaMbUvRkSa hai| isase isa dvIpa kA nAma jambUdvIpa par3A hai|' narakalokaH-jambUdvIpa ke nIce bIsa hajAra yojana vistRta avIci naraka hai| usake Upara kramazaH pratApana, tapana, mahAraurava, raurava, saMghAta, kAlasUtra aura saMjIva nAma ke sAta naraka aura haiN|' jyotirloka:-merU parvata kI bhUmi se cAlIsa hajAra yojana Upara candra aura sUrya paribhramaNa karate haiN| candramaNDala kA pramANa pacAsa yojana aura sUrya maNDala kA pramANa ikyAvana yojana hai| jisa samaya jambudvIpa meM madhyAhna hotA hai, usa samaya uttarakuru meM ardharAtri, pUrvavideha meM astagamana aura avaragodAnIya meM sUryodaya hotA hai| 1. abhidharmakoSa 3.51., 52 2. gaNitAnuyoga bhUmikA pR. 83 3. abhidharmakoSa 3.57 4. abhidharmakoSa 3.58 5. abhidharma koSa 3.60 152 2010_03

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bhAdra pada mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI navamI se rAtri kI vRddhi aura phAlguna mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI navamI se usakI hAni prAraMbha hotI hai| rAtri kI vRddhi dina kI hAni aura dina kI vRddhi rAtri kI hAni hotI hai| sUrya ke dakSiNAyana meM rAtri kI vRddhi aura uttarAyaNa meM dina kI vRddhi hotI hai|' svargalokaH-merU ke zikhara para svargaloka hai| isakA vistAra assI hajAra yojana hai| yahA~ para trAyastriMza deva rahate haiN| isake cAroM vidizAoM meM vajrapANi devoM kA nivAsa hai| trAyastriMza loka ke madhya meM sudarzana nAmaka nagara hai| vaha suvarNamaya hai| isakA eka-eka pArzva bhAga DhAI hajAra yojana vistRta hai| isake madhya bhAga meM iMdra kA aDhAI sau yojana vistRta vaijayaMta nAmaka prAsAda hai| nagara ke bAharI bhAga meM cAroM ora caitraratha, pAruSya, mizra aura naMdanavana ye cAra vana haiN|' trAyastriMza loka ke Upara vimAnoM meM deva rahate haiN| kucha deva manuSyoM kI taraha kAmasevana karate haiM aura kucha kramazaH AliMgana, hastamilApa, hasita aura dRSTi dvArA tRpti prApta karate haiN| bauddha aura jaina mata meM vivecita loka kI tulanAH-bauddhoM ne dasa loka mAne haiM- naraka, preta, tiryak, manuSya aura cha: devalokA' pretoM ko jainoM ne devoM ke antargata mAnA hai| (isakA vivecana jIvAstikAya meM hama kara Aye haiN|) pretaloka ko devayoni ke antargata mAnane para naraka, tiryak, manuSya aura deva cAra loka hI siddha hote haiN| jaina ise cAra gati ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| bauddhoM ne pretayoni kI pRthak yoni mAnakara pA~ca yoniyA~ svIkAra kI hai| ___vaidika dharmAnusAra loka varNanaH-viSNu purANa ke dvitIyAMza ke dvitIyAdhyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki isa pRthvI para jambU, lakSa, zAlmala, kuza, kroMca, zAka aura puSkara nAma vAle sAta dvIpa haiN| ye sabhI cUDI ke samAna golAkAra aura kramazaH sAta samudroM se veSTita haiN| ina sabhI ke madhya jaMbU dvIpa hai| isakA 1. abhidharmakoSa 3.61 2. abhidharmakoSa 3.65 3.. abhidharmakoSa 3.66.67 4. abhidharmakoSa 3.39 5. "naraka preta tiryaco mAnuSAH Sara divaukasaH" abhidharmakoSa 3.1 6. "narakAdisvanAlokA gatayaH paMca teSu tAH" abhidharmakoSa 3.4 153 2010_03

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vistAra eka lAkha yojana hai| isake madhya bhAga meM 84 hajAra yojana U~cA svarNamaya merUparvata hai| isakI nIMva pRthvI ke bhItara 16 hajAra yojana hai| merU kA vistAra mUla meM 16 hajAra yojana hai, phira kramaza: bar3hakara zikhara para 32 hajAra yojana ho gayA hai| ___Age jAkara himavAna Adi chaH varSa parvatoM se isa jaMbUdvIpa ke sAta bhAga ho jAte haiN| merU parvata ke pUrvAdika dizAoM meM kramazaH maMdara, gaMdhamAdana, vipula aura supArzva nAma vAle cAra parvata haiN| inake Upara kramazaH 1100 yojana U~ce kadamba, jambU, pIpala aura vaTavRkSa haiN| inameM se jambUvRkSa ke nAma se yaha jambUdvIpa kahalAtA jaMbUdvIpa ke ina parvatoM dvArA bhI sAta bhAga hote haiM- bhAratavarSa, kimpurUSa, harivarSa, ilAvRtta, ramyaka, hiraNmaya aura uttrkuru|' / ina sAta kSetroM meM se mAtra jaMbudvIpa meM hI kAla parivartana hotA hai| kiMpuruSAdika meM kAla parivartana nahIM hotaa| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko kisI prakAra ke zoka, parizrama, kSudhA Adi kI bAdhA nahIM hotii| svarUpa-sukhI, AtaMka rahita inakA jIvana hotA hai| yaha bhogabhUmi hai| yahA~ para pApa Adi bhI nahIM hai| svarga, mukti, Adi kI prApti ke liye kI jAne vAlI tapazcaryA vratAdi bhI yahA~ nahIM hai| mAtra bhAratavarSa ke loga hI mukti Adi ko pAne kA prayAsa kara sakate haiN| yahA~ ke loga asi, maSi Adi karma karate haiM, ataH yaha karmabhUmi bhI kahalAtI hai| yaha sabhI kSetroM meM sarvazreSTha kSetra mAnA gayA hai| isa bhUmaNDala ke nIce dasa-dasa hajAra yojana ke sAta pAtAla haiN| yahA~ uttama bhavanoM se yukta bhUmiyA~ haiM tathA dAnava, daitya, yakSa aura nAga Adi yahA~ 1. viSNu purANa dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 5.9 2. viSNu purANa dvitIyAMza dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 17-19 3. viSNu purANa dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 10-15 4. "karmabhUmirayaM svarga mapavargaca gacchatAm" agnipurANa adhyAyana 2 gAthA 118 5. uttaraM yatsamudrasya himAdeza dkssinnm| varSa tadbhArataM nAma, bhAratI yatra saMtatiA navayojanasAhasro, vistArosya mhaamune| karmabhUmiriyaM svarga mapavargaca gcchtaam|| ataH saMprApyatisvargo, muktimasmAt prAyanti / tiryaktvaM narakaM cApi, yAntyata: purussaamune|| itaH svargazca mokSazca, madhyaM cAntazca gmyte| takhalvanyatra mAnA, karmabhUmI vidhiiyte||" viSNupurANa dvitIyAMza kA tIsarA adhyayana gA. 19.22. 154 ___ 2010_03.

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rahate haiN|' pAtAla ke nIce viSNu bhagavAna kA zeSa nAmaka tAmasa zarIra sthita hai, jo anaMta kahalAtA hai| yaha zarIra sahasra phaNoM se saMyukta hokara samasta pRthvI ko dhAraNa karake pAtAla mUla meM sthita hai| kalpAMta ke samaya isake mu~ha se nikalI saMkarSAtmaka rUdra viSAgni-zikhA tInoM lokoM kA bhakSaNa karatI hai| narakalokaH-pRthvI aura jala ke nIce raurava, sUkara rodha, lAla vizAsana mahAjvAla, ityAdi nAma vAle aneka mahAna bhayAnaka naraka hai| pApI jIva mRtyu pAkara ina narakoM meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| naraka se nikalakara ye jIva kramazaH sthAvara kRmi, jalacara, manuSya, deva Adi hote haiN| jitane jIva svarga meM hai, utane hI jIva naraka meM bhI hai|' jyotirlokaH-bhUmi se eka lAkha yojana kI dUrI para saura maNDala hai| isase eka lAkha yojana Upara nakSatra maNDala, isase do lAkha yojana Upara budha, isase do lAkha yojana Upara zukra, isase do lAkha yojana Upara maMgala, isase do lAkha yojana para bRhaspati, isase do lAkha yojana para zani, isase eka lAkha yojana para saptarSimaNDala tathA isase eka lAkha yojana Upara dhruvatArA __ maharloka (svargaloka):-dhruva se eka yojana Upara maharloka hai| vahA~ kalpakAla taka jIvita rahane vAle kalpavAsiyoM kA nivAsa hai| isase do karoDa yojana Upara janaloka hai| yahA~ naMdanAdi se yukta brahmANI ke putra rahate haiN| isase ATha karor3a yojana Upara tapaloka hai, jahA~ vairAja deva nivAsa karate haiN| isase bAraha karor3a yojana Upara satya loka hai, yahA~ kabhI na marane vAle amara rahate haiN| ise brahmaloka bhI kahate haiN| bhUmi aura sUrya ke madhya meM siddhajanoM aura munijanoM se sevita sthAna bhuvana loka kahalAtA hai| sUrya aura dhruva ke madhya caudaha lAkha yojana pramANa kSetra svarloka nAma se prasiddha hai|' 1. viSNupurANa di. a. paMcama adhyAya gA. 2.4 2. viSNupurANa di. aM. paMcama adhyAya 93-96 3. viSNupurANa dvi. aM. paMcama adhyAya gA. 1-6. 4. viSNupurANa dvi. aM. paMcama adhyAya gA. 34. 5. viSNupurANa dvitIya aMza saptama anyAya gA. 2-9. 6. viSNupurANa dvitIya aMza SaSThama adhyAya 12.18. 155 2010_03

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samIkSAH-vaidika aura jaina darzana dvArA mAnya loka ke vivecana meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM hai| vaidika darzana bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi mAnatA hai aura jaina bhii| dvIpoM meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM hai| samudra, kSetra, parvata Adi kI apekSA se bhinnatA bhI hai aura samAnatA bhii|' bhArata varSa ko donoM ne karmabhUmi mAnate hue sarvazreSTha bhUmi batAyA hai| loka ke bheda prabheda:-kSetraloka tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- adholoka kSetraloka, tiryakloka kSetraloka evaM Urdhvaloka kSetralokA' adholoka kSetraloka sAta prakAra kA hai:-ratnaprabhApRthvI, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA, mahAtamaHprabhApRthvI adholoka tiryakloka kSetra loka:-yaha asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hai| isameM jaMbUdvIpa Adi zubha nAmavAle dvIpa aura lavaNoda Adi zubhanAmavAle samudra hai| loka meM jitane bhI zubhanAma hai, una sabhI nAmoM vAle ve dvIpa samudra haiN| jambUdvIpa se svayaMbhUramaNa paryaMta asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra isa tiyakkSetraloka meM haiN|' ve sabhI dvIpa aura samudra dugune-dugane vyAsavAle pUrva pUrva dvIpa aura samudra ko veSTita karane vAle aura cUDI ke AkAra vAle hai| arthAt ina dvIpa aura samudroM kA vistAra aura racanA nagaroM kI taraha na hokara uttarottara ve dvIpa aura samudra eka dUsare ko ghere hue haiN|' una sabhI ke bIca gola aura lAkha yojana vistAra yukta jambUdvIpa hai jisake madhya meM nAbhi kI taraha merU parvata sthita hai| jambUdvIpa meM sAta kSetra hai aura una sAta kSetroM meM eka bharata kSetra bhI hai| (jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isI bharatakSetra ke hama nivAsI hai|) isa bharata kSetra kA vistAra 1. gaNitAnuyoga prastAvanA pR. 88. 2. bhagavatI 11.10.3 evaM ta.sU. 3.! 3. bhagavatI 11.10. 4. ta.sU. 3.7 5. ma.si. 3.7.379. 6. "DhidviviSkammAH pUrva pUrva parikSepiNo valayAkRtaya.. ta.sU. 3.8 7. sa.mi. 3.8.381 8. ta.sU. 3.9 9. ta.mU. 3.10 156 2010_03

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pA~ca sau chabbIsa yojana aura eka yojana kA chaha baTA unnIsa bhAga hai|' isa bharata kSetra meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke chaha samayoM kI apekSA vRddhi aura hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| (isakA vivecana kAla ke antargata kiyA jaayegaa|) isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki kSetra kI nyUnAdhikatA hotI hai, apitu isa kSetra ke nivAsiyoM kI Ayu, anubhava, pramANa Adi kI apekSA se hAni vRddhi hotI hai| Urdhvaloka kSetralokaH-Urdhvaloka kSetraloka pandraha prakAra kA hotA hai| saudharmakalpa Urdhvaloka se lekara acyutakalpa kSetraloka, aveyaka, anuttara vimAna, evaM ISatprAgbhArapRthvI Urdhvaloka kSetraloka paryaMta Urdhvaloka kSetraloka hotA hai| prazamarati meM loka kA vivecana isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai| yaha loka puruSa hai| apane donoM hAtha kamara para rakhakara do paira phailAkara khar3e puruSAkAra kI taraha hai|' loka ko kula caudaha rajju pramANa batAyA hai| sumerU parvata ke tala se nIce sAta rajju pramANa adholoka batAyA hai aura tala ke Upara se sAta rajju Urdhvaloka batAkara kula caudaha rajju pramANa loka batAyA hai| madhyaloka kI UMcAI ko Urdhvaloka meM zAmila kiyA hai| kayoMki sAta rajju pramANa ke kSetraphala meM eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kA kSetraphala ThIka usI prakAra mahatva rakhatA hai, jaise parvata kI tulanA meM raaii|' aba hama yaha samajheM ki rajju kA mApa kyA hai? kyoMki yaha bhI jaina darzana kA apanA viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai| rajju se tAtparya rassI nahIM hai| apitu tIna karor3a ikyAsI lAkha sattAIsa hajAra nau sau sattara maNa vajana kA eka bhAra aura aise hajAra bhAra kA arthAt ar3atIsa araba bAraha karor3a unyAsI lAkha sattara hajAra maNa vajana kA eka lohe kA golA cha: mAha, chaH dina, cha: prahara aura chaha ghar3I meM jitanI dUrI taya kare, utanI dUrI ko eka rajju kahate haiN|' saMsthAna ke prakAra:-jisa prakAra se lokaracanA kA vizleSaNa kiyA usI 1. ta.sU. 3.24 (digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya) 2. bhagavatI 11.10.6 3. prazamarati gA. 210. 4. kAtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 127. 5. gaNitAnuyoga saMpAdakIya pR. 6. 157 ___ 2010_03

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prakAra usake AkAra kA bhI vivecana kiyaa| adholoka kA saMsthAna kisa prakAra kA hai? gautama svAmI ke isa prazna para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- adholoka kSetraphala kA saMsthAna tipAI ke samAna hai| tiryag loka kSetraloka kA AkAra jhAlara ke AkAra kA hai| adholoka ke kSetraloka kA AkAra mRdaMga ke samAna hai / ' loka kA saMsthAna sakore ke AkAra kA hai| vaha nIce se caur3A, Upara se mRdaMga jaisA hai| prazamarati meM umAsvAti ne bhI loka kI AkRti isI prakAra se batAyI hai| adholoka kA AkAra sakore ke samAna ( Upara saMkSipta nIce vizAla ), tiryakloka AkAra thAlI ke jaisA hai evaM Urdhvaloka kA AkAra khar3e rakhe gaye sakore ke Upara ulaTe rakhe gaye sakore ke jaisA hai| 2 aloka kA saMsthAna pole gole ke samAna hai| " bhagavatI meM vyAkhyAkAra ne loka kA pramANa isa prakAra se batAyA hai, "sumeru parvata ke nIce aSTapradezI rucaka hai| usake nicale pratara ke nIce nau so yojana taka tiryagloka hai| usake Age adhaH sthita hone se adholoka haiM jo sAta rajju se kucha adhika hai tathA rucaka pradeza kI apekSA nIce aura Upara nau so-nau so yojana tirachA hone se tiryagloka hai| tiryagloka ke Upara kucha kama sAta rajju pramANa UrdhvabhAgavartI hone se Urdhvaloka kahalAtA hai| Urdhva aura adhodizA meM kula U~cAI caudaha rajju hai|* 4 jaina darzana kI taraha vijJAna jagata ne bhI AkAza ko svIkAra kiyA hai| DA. henasA ke anusAraH "These four elements ( Space, Matter, Time and Medium of motion) are all seperate in mind. We can not imagine that the one of them could depend on another or converted into another." AkAza, pudgala, kAla aura gati kA mAdhyama (dharma) ye cAroM tatva hamAre mastiSka meM bhinna-bhinna hai| hama isakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate ki ye 1. bhagavatI 11.10.1. evaM vahI 7.1.5 2. prazamarati prakaraNa 2.11 3. bhagavatI 11.10.11 4. bhagavatI 11.10.11 pR. 53 2010_03 158

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paraspara eka dUsare para nirbhara rahate hoM yA eka dUsare meM parivartita ho sakate hoN| isase jaina darzana ke isa siddhAMta kI puSTi hotI hai ki sabhI dravya svataMtra pariNamana karate haiM aura koI dravya kisI dravya meM dravyAMtara nahIM krtaa|' jaina darzana loka ko parimita mAnatA hai aura aloka ko aparimitA' isakI puSTi vaijJAnika eDiMgTana ne bhI kI hai: "The World is closed in space dimensions. I shall use the phrase arrow to express this one way properly which has on analogue in space," dik AyAmoM meM brahmANDa paribaddha hai| eka dizatA ko ThIka prakAra se prastuta karane ke lie maiM tIra saMketa (muhAvare) ko prayukta karuMgA, jisakA dik meM koI sAdRzya nahIM hai| vizvavikhyAta vaijJAnika albarTa AiMsTIna, DI. sITara poinakera Adi kI loka aloka ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAeM haiN| ina mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAMtoM kA samanvaya kara dene para jaina darzana meM varNita lokAloka kA svarUpa svataH phalita hone lagatA hai| AiMsTIna ke siddhAMtAnusAra vizva belanakAra, vakra, ekabaddha AkAra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA va sAMta hai| jaina darzana bhI loka AkAza ko vakra tathA sAMta mAnatA hai| AiMsTIna ke maMtavyAnusAra samasta AkAza svayaM zAMta aura paribaddha hai, jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra samasta AkAza dravya to anaMta, asIma aura aparimita hai, mAtra lokAkAza sAMta va baddha hai| kyoMki lokAkAza meM vyApta dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya sAMta parimita tathA baddhAkAra vAle hai| isa kAraNa loka bhI sAMta parimita tathA baddhAkAra vAlA ho jAtA hai|' AIsTIna ke vizva vyApaka siddhAMta meM samasta AkAza avagAhita hai, paraMtu Daca jyotivaijJAnika "DI. sITara" ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| zUnya (padArtha rahita) AkAza kI vidyamAnatA ko saMbhAvita siddha kiyA hai|' 1. jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA 2. "AgAsa vajjitA sabve logammi ceva Natthi bahi" go.jI. 583. 3. jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA 4. phrema yuklIDa TU eDiMgTana pR. 126. 159 ___ 2010_03

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isa prakAra jahA~ AiMsTIna kA vizva AkAza saMpUrNa rUpa meM avagahita hai, vahA~ DI. sITara kA vizvAkAza saMpUrNa rUpa meM avagahita zUnya hai| jaina darzana lokAkAza ko avagAhita mAnatA hai aura alokAkAza ko agAhita shuuny| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vizva samIkaraNa meM mUlabhUta pada loka AkAza kA va parivaddhita pada aloka AkAza kA sUcaka hai| AiMsTIna kA vizva lokAkAza hai aura DI. sITara kA vizva alokaakaash| ina donoM ke vizva kA samanvita rUpa jaina darzana ke vizva lokAlokAkAza meM abhivyakta hotA hai| vizva kI vakratA ke viSaya meM vizva samIkaraNa ke hala vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA khar3I kara dete haiM ki vakratA dhana hai athavA RNa? dhana vakratA vAlA sAnta aura baddha tathA RNa vakratA vAlA vizva anaMta aura khulA pAyA jAtA hai| AiMsTIna kA vizva dhana vakratA vAlA hai, ataH sAMta aura baddha hai| RNa vakratA vAle vizva kI saMbhAvanA bhI vizva samIkaraNa ke AdhAra para huI hai| isa prakAra dhana aura vakratA ke AdhAra para kramazaH "sAMta aura baddha" tathA "anaMta aura khule" vizva kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| lokAkAza kI vakratA dhana aura alokAkAza kI RNa mAnane para jaina darzana kA vizva siddhAMta puSTa ho sakatA hai| lokAkAza kA AkAra dhana vakratA vAlA hai, yaha kSetraloka ke gaNitika vivecana se spaSTa hai| alokAkAza kA AkAra isase svata: RNa vakratA vAlA ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina siddhAMta dhana aura RNa vakratA svIkAra karane vAle vizva siddhAMta kA samanvaya hai| __ AkAza ko sAMta mAnA hai, phira bhI hama usakI sImA ko nahIM pA skte| isa siddhAMta ko 'poinakera' ne spaSTa kiyA hai-"apanA vizva eka atyaMta vistRta gole ke samAna hai aura vizva meM uSNatAmAna kA vibhAgIkaraNa isa prakAra huA hai ki gole ke kendra meM uSNatAmAna adhika hai aura gole kI sataha kI ora kramazaH ghaTatA huA vizva kI sImA (gole ke aMtima sataha) para vaha vAstavika zUnya ko prApta hotA hai| sabhI padArthoM kA vistAra uSNatAmAna ke anupAta se hotA hai| ataH kendra kI ora se sImA kI ora hama caleMge to hamAre zarIra kA tathA jina padArthoM ke pAsa se hama gujareMge, una padArthoM 1.jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA 2.jaina bhAratI 15 maI 1966 160 ___ 2010_03

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kA bhI vistAra kramazaH ghaTanA prAraMbha ho jAyegA, paraMtu hameM isa parivartana kA koI anubhava nahIM hogaa| yadyapi hamArA vega vahI dikhegA, paraMtu vastutaH vaha ghaTa jAyegA aura hama kabhI sImA taka nahIM pahuMca paayeNge| ataH yadi anubhava ke AdhAra para kaheM to hamArA vizva anaMta hai, paraMtu vastu vRtyA hama aMta ko pA nahIM skte| hamArI pahu~ca eka sImA taka hai, usake bAda AkAza avazya hai, paraMtu hamArI pahu~ca se bAhara hai|'' poinekara ne yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki hamAre vizva ke uSNatAmAna kA vibhAgIkaraNa isa prakAra hai ki jyoM-jyoM hama sImA ke samIpa jAne kA prayatna karate haiM, tyoM tyoM hamAre vega meM aura vistAra meM kamI hotI hai| pariNAmataH hama sImA ko prApta nahIM kara skte| ThANAMga meM Aye sUtra ko hama isase jor3a sakate haiM-"loka ke saba aMtima bhAgoM meM abaddha, pArzva, spaSTa, pudgala hote haiN| lokAMta taka pahu~cate hI saba pudgala svabhAva se hI rukSa ho jAte haiN| ve gati meM sahAyatA karane kI sthiti meM saMgaThita nahIM ho sakate, isaliye lokAMta se Age pudgaloM kI gati nahIM ho sktii| yaha eka loka sthiti hai|' rukSatva paramANuoM kA mUlaguNa mAnA gayA hai| kucha pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha eka prakAra kA (RNa athavA dhana) vidyut Aveza ho aisA lagatA hai| poinekara ke abhimata ko yadi jaina darzana ke vivecita siddhAMta kA kevala zabdAMtara hI mAnA jAya to abaddha, pArzva, spaSTa, pudgala kA artha vAstavika zUnya tApamAna vAle pudgala ho sakatA hai| kucha bhI ho, donoM uktiyoM ke bIca sAmya hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki poinekara ne AkAza kI sAMtatA aura parimitatA ke aMtara ko spaSTa karane ke liye ukta vicAra diyA hai, jabaki jaina darzana ne lokAkAza kI sAMtatA aura alokAkAza meM gati sthiti abhAva ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM ukta tathya batAyA hai|' __ bhAva yaha hai ki Adhunika vijJAna jaina darzana meM varNita AkAza ke svarUpa ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA donoM meM samAnatA bhI hai| lokAloka kA paurvAparyaH-Arya roha ne pUchA -bhagavan! prathama loka aura 1. dI necara oNpha dI phijIkala riyAliTI pR. 163 tathA phAuMDezansa oNpha sAiMsa pR. 175 2. "sarvavasu vi NaM logatteSu abaddha pAsapuTTA poggalA lukkhatAe kejati jeNaM, jIvA ya poggalA ya No saMcAyati ___ bahiyA logatA gamaNayAe-evaMppegA logATThiti paNNatA" ThANAMga 0.10 3. jaina bhAratI 15 maI, 1966 161 2010_03

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phira aloka banA yA prathama aloka phira loka bnaa| bhagavAn ne kahA- roha ! ye donoM zAzvata haiN| inameM pahale pIche kA krama saMbhava nahIM hai / ' AkAzAstikAya dravya se jIvoM aura ajIvoM para kyA upakAra hotA hai ? gautama svAmI ne mahAvIra se puuchaa| bhagavAna ne kahA- AkAzAstikAya se hI to pA~coM dravya AdhAra prApta karate haiN| AkAza meM hI to dharma adharma vyApta hokara rahate haiN| jIvoM ko avagAhana bhI AkAza detA hai| kAla bhI AkAza meM hI baratatA hai| pudgaloM kA raMgamaMca bhI AkAza banA huA hai| 2 bik: AkAza ke jisa bhAga se vastu kA vyapadeza yA nirupaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dizA kahalAtI hai| anudizA aura dizA kI utpatti tiryak loka se hotI hai| dizA kA prAraMbha AkAza ke do pradezoM se zuru hotA hai| unameM do- pradezoM kI vRddhi hotehote ve asaMkhya pradezAtmaka bana jAtI hai| anudizA kevala eka dezAtmaka hotI hai| Urdhva aura adhodizA kA prAraMbha cAra pradezoM se hotA hai| bAda meM unameM vRddhi nahIM hotI / " AcArAMga kA prAraMbha hI dizA kI vivecanA ke sAtha huA hai| AcArAMga meM pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, UrjA aura adha: dizAoM kA nAmollekha prApta hotA hai / " jisa vyakti ke jisa ora sUryodaya hotA hai, vaha usake liye pUrva 'jisa tarapha asta hotA hai; vaha pazcima dizA hai| dAhine hAtha kI ora dakSiNa bAMI ora uttara dizA hotI hai| inheM tApa dizA kahA jAtA hai| ' nimitta kathana Adi prayojana ke liye dizA kA eka prakAra aura hotA hai| prajJApaka jisa ora mu~ha kiye hotA hai use pUrva, usake pRSTha bhAga meM pazcima donoM ora dakSiNa tathA uttara dizA hotI haiM, inheM prajJApaka dizA kahate haiM / ' 1. bhagavatI 1.6.17, 18 2. bhagavatI 13.4.25 3. dizyate vyapadizyate pUrvAditayA vastavanayeti dikU syA. vRtti 3.3 4. AcArAMga niyukti 42.44 5. AcArAMga 1.1.1 6. AcArAMga niyukti 47.48 7. AcArAMga niyukti 51. 2010_03 162

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jaina darzana ke anusAra svataMtra dravya AkAza kI dizA eka kAlpanika vibhAga hai| ThANAMga meM dizAeM cha haiM evaM eka apekSA se dizAeM dasa haiM- pUrva, pUrvadakSiNa, dakSiNa, dakSiNa-pazcima, pazcima, pazcima-uttara, uttara, uttara-pUrva, Urdhva, adhas / 2 do dizAoM ke madhya kone meM hone se vidizA do dizA ke saMyukta nAma se bhI pukArI jAtI hai| nyAya vaizeSika aura AkAza :- jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra AkAza kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt hama dekheMge ki anya bhAratIya darzanoM ne AkAza ko kisa prakAra se vizleSita kiyA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, deza, AtmA aura mana ko dravya mAnA hai| ina dravyoM ke antargata AkAza ko bhI svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra inake andara zarIradhArI aura azarIrI vastuoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| AkAza sarvavyApaka bRhattama vistAra yukta hai / ' AkAza sarvavyApaka hote hue bhI zabda kA utpAdaka hai| S AkAza eka sakAma, niraMtara, sthAyI, tathA anaMta dravya hai| yaha zabda kA adhiSThAna hai| yaha raMga, gaMdha, aura sparza se rahita hai| apanayana kI prakriyA dvArA yaha siddha kiyA jAtA hai ki zabda AkAza kA viziSTa guNa hai / " yaha niSkriya hai / samasta bhautika dravya isake sAtha saMyukta mAne jAte hai|' paramANu atyaMta sUkSma haiN| paramANu eka dUsare ke pAsa Akara yA saMyukta hokara kisI bar3e padArtha kA nirmANa nahIM krtaa| ve eka dUsare se alaga rahate haiM phira bhI kisI prakAra se milakara eka vyavasthA ko sthira rakhate haiM to mAtra AkAza 1. ThANAga 6.37 2. ThANAMga 10.31 3. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DA. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 187 4. prazastapAdakRta padArtha dharma saMgraha pR. 22 5. tarkadIpikA pR. 14 6. vaizeSikadarzana 2.1.27.29.31 7. nyAyasUtra 4.2.21.22 2010_03 163

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ke kaarnn| paramANu paraspara saMyukta hote haiN| paraMtu niraMtara nahIM / vaha jo paramANuoM ko paraspara saMyukta kiye rahatA hai, AkAza hai, paraMtu yaha AkAza paramANuoM dvArA nirmita nahIM hai| AkAza nitya hai, sarvatra upasthita hai, indriyAtIta hai, jor3ane tathA pRthak karane ke vyaktigata guNa rakhatA hai| svayaM deza na hone para bhI samasta deza ko pUrNa karatA hai / ' 1 2 pA~coM tatvoM kA mizraNa hI prakRti hai jo hamAre sAmane AtI haiN| inameM AkAza bhI eka tatva hai, jisakA guNa ekamAtra zabda hai| ' zabda guNa kA Azraya dUsarA koI dravya nahIM hai| zabda AkAza kA anumApaka bhI hai| AkAza vibhu hai| jaina darzana bhI AkAza ko sarvagata, nitya, vyApaka, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza rahita mAnatA hai, paraMtu zabda ko pudgala mAnatA hai na ki AkAza kA gunn| Aja vijJAna ne reDiyo, TI.vI. Adi dvArA zabda taraMgoM ko pakar3akara sthAnAMtarita karake yaha siddha bhI kara diyA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra AkAza: - sAMkhya prakRti ke vikAra mAtra ko AkAza kahate haiN| prakRti se buddhi, buddhi se ahaMkAra tathA ahaMkAra se solaha guNa - pA~ca dravyendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~, mana, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda paidA hote haiN| rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza tathA zabda inheM tanmAtrAe~ bhI kahate haiM / * 4 ina pA~ca tanmAtrAoM meM se zabda se AkAza kI utpatti hotI hai / ' pratyakSa viSaya rUpa pA~ca indriyoM ke anurUpa pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ haiN| " ye bhautika tatva rUpa haiM, paraMtu sAdhAraNa prANiyoM ke dRSTi kA viSaya nahIM bntii| ina adRzya sAratatvoM kA anumAna dRzyamAna padArthoM se hotA hai| tanmAtrAe~ taba taka indriyoM ke liye uttejaka nahIM banatIM jaba taka ki ve paramANuoM kA nirmANa karane ke liye eka dUsare meM saMyukta na ho jAya / tamoguNa niSkriya evaM puMja ke atirikta sabhI lakSaNoM se rahita bhI hotA hai| rajoguNa ke sahayoga se yaha parivartita 1. bhAratIya darzana: bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 192 2. nyAyasUtra 3.1 60.61 3. bhAratIya darzana : DaoN. ena. ke. devarAja pR. 326 4. Sar3adarzana samuccaya kA. 37.39 5. "svarAnnabhaH" SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA. 40 evaM zabda tanmAtrAdAkAza sA. kArti mArta. pR. 37 6. bhAratIya darzana bhAga do DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 269 164 2010_03

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hokara sUkSma dravya kampanazIla tejomaya aura zakti se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| taba zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, tathA gaMdha kI tanmAtrAeM utpanna hotI haiN| bhUtAdi tathA tanmAtrAoM ke madhya AkAza saMkramaNa kI kaDI banatA hai| AkAza ke do bheda karate haiM-kAraNAkAza aura kaaryaakaash| kAraNAkAza ANavika nahIM hai tathA sarva vyApaka hai| kAryAkAza ANavika hai, jo bhUtAdi athavA puMja ikAIyoM aura zabda ke sAratatvoM ke mela se banA hai| zabda ke sAratatva kAraNAkAza meM ruke hue rahate haiM tathA vAyu ke aNuoM ke liye vikAsa kA mAdhyama banate haiN| jaina darzana sAMkhya kI AkAza vivecanA se asahamata hai| usake anusAra AkAza ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| nitya aura niSkriya anaMta prakRti ke AtmA kI taraha vikAra ho nahIM sktaa| AkAza kA na AvirbhAva hotA hai na tirobhaav| jisa prakAra ghar3A prakRti kA vikAra hokara anitya, mUrta aura asarvagata hotA hai, usI taraha AkAza ko bhI honA caahiye| yA AkAza kI taraha dhaTa ko nitya amUrta aura sarvagata honA caahiye| eka kAraNa se do paraspara atyaMta virodhI vikAra nahIM ho skte| advaita vedAnta aura AkAza:-yaha mata dvaita ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| dvaitaparaka jagata kevala mAyA hai| brahma eka hI hai, aneka jIvoM meM vibhakta honA pratIti mAtra hai| AtmA kI tulanA sarvavyApI deza (AkAza) se kI hai| jIva kI tulanA ghaDe meM sImita deza (AkAza) ke sAtha kI gayI hai| jaba DhaMkanevAlA bAhya AvaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai to sImAbaddha deza (ghaTAkAza) vyApaka deza (mahAkAza) meM mila jAtA hai| bheda kevala aise AnuSaMgika padArthoM meM rahate haiM jaise AkRti, kSamatA, naam| paraMtu svayaM vyApaka AkAza meM yaha bheda nahIM hotaa| jaise hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki sImAbaddha AkAza vyApaka AkAza kA avayava hai yA vikAra hai| ye donoM eka hI haiM, bheda pratIti mAtra haiN|' isI prakAra jIva AtmA kA avayava yA vikAra hai aisA hama nahIM kaha skte| ye donoM eka hai, bheda pratItimAtra haiM, hA~! vyAvahArika bheda avazya hai|' ___AcArya zaMkara ne brahma ko jagata kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA hai| isI brahma se AkAzAdi bhUtaprapaMca kI utpatti hotI hai| AkAza eka hai, anaMta 1. pojeTiva sAiMsesa oNpha dI hindUja sIla uddhRta bhAratIya darzana bhAga do DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 269.70 2. ta. rA. 5.18.13.468 3. bhAratIya darzana bhAga do DA. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 455 4. bhAratIya darzana DA. ena.ke. devarAja pR. 495 _165 ___ 2010_03

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hai, laghu aura sUkSma hai, kriyArahita, sarvavyApaka aura sabase prathama utpanna padArtha haiN|' jaina darzana vedAnta kI AkAza vyavasthA se sahamata nahIM hai kyoMki cetana se acetana tatva kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai? AkAza zAzvata aura vibhu hai, phira vaha samaya- vizeSa meM utpanna kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? AkAza svayaM svataMtra aura SaDdravyoM meM se eka dravya hai| bauddha mata aura AkAzaH-bauddha darzana ke anusAra tatva cAra hai, pRthvI jo kaThora hai, jala jo zItala hai, agni jo uSNa hai, vAyu jo gatimAna hai| AkAza ko ve nahIM mAnate, paraMtu kaI vAkyoM meM nirapekSa AkAza ko bhI joDa dete haiN| buddha kA kahanA thA "he AnaMda! yaha mahAna pRthvI jala para Azrita hai, jala vAyu para Azrita hai aura vAyu AkAza para Azrita hai| AkAza kA vivecana eka anya apekSA se bhI AtA hai| "nAgasena! isa saMsAra meM aise prANI pAe jAte haiM jo karma ke dvArA isa janma meM Aye haiM, dUsare aise haiM jo kisI ke pariNAma ke rUpa meM Aye haiM, paraMtu do vastue~ aisI haiM jo ina donoM kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI- eka hai AkAza aura dUsarA hai nirvaann|" parantu vaibhASika aura sautrAntika do loka mAnate haiM aura inameM paraspara bheda karate haiM-bhAjanaloka jo vastuoM kA AvAsa sthAna hai aura satvaloka jo jIvita prANiyoM kA saMsAra hai| bhAjana loka satvaloka kI sevA ke liye hai|' AkAza sabhI prakAra ke bheda se svataMtra evaM anaMta hai| yaha nitya, sarvavyApaka aura bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai| yadyapi isakA koI rUpa nahIM hai phira bhI yaha sat hai| yaha bhautika padArtha bhI nahIM hai|' jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki AkAza AvaraNa bhAvamAtra nahIM hai, kintu vastubhUta hai| jisa prakAra se nAma aura vedanA Adi amUrta hone se anAvaraNa 1. zAMkarabhASya 2.3.7 2. bhAratIya darzana bhAga eka DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 350. 3. dIghanikAya 207 4. milinda 4 5. bhAratIya darzana bhAga eka DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 567.68 6. vahI pR. 568 166 2010_03

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rUpa hokara bhI sat hai| usI prakAra AkAza bhI sat hai|' AkAzAstikAya kI siddhiH-loka kI do prakAra se vyutpatti kI jAtI hai| jahA~ puNya pApa karmoM kA sukhaduHkharUpa phala dekhA jAtA hai, vaha loka hai| isa vyutpatti meM loka kA artha huA- AtmA evaM jo padArthoM ko dekhe jAne vaha loka arthAt aatmaa| ina donoM hI vyutpattiyoM se jIva ko hI lokasaMjJA prApta hotI hai tathApi anya dravyoM ko na to aloka kahA jAyegA aura na chaha dravyoM kA samUha loka / isakA virodha hogA kyoMki paramparA meM kriyA vyutpatti kA nimittamAtra hotI hai jaise "gacchatItigoH" isase na to sabhI calane vAle gAya bana jAyeMge aura na baiThI gAya gAya rUpa se miTa jaayegii| isI taraha loka zabda kI uparokta vyutpatti karane para bhI dharmAdi dravyoM kA lokatva naSTa nahIM hotaa| AtmA svayaM ke svarUpa kA lokana karatA hai| aura sarvajJa bAhya padArthoM kA evaM sva svarUpa kA lokana karatA hai| jo dekhA jAya vaha loka, aisI vyutpatti karane meM aloka ko bhI loka kahanA cAhiye kyoMki aloka ko bhI sarvajJa dekhatA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki lokasaMjJA rUpa hai, vyutpatti mAtra nimitta hai athavA yaha samAdhAna bhI hotA hai ki "jahA~ baiTha kara sarvajJa dekhe vaha loka" aisI vyutpatti karane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki aloka meM baiThakara to kevalI loka ko dekhatA nahIM hai|' __ AkAza utpanna nahIM hotA, ataH kharaviSANa kI taraha usakA abhAva hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki AkAza ko anutpanna kahanA asiddha hai kyoMki dravyArthika kI gauNatA aura paryAyArthika kI mukhyatA hone para agurulaghu guNoM kI vRddhi aura hAni ke nimitta se svapratyaya utpAda-vyaya aura avagAhaka jIvapudgaloM ke pariNamana ke anusAra para pratyaya AkAza meM utpAda vyaya hote rahate haiN| jaise ki aMtima samaya meM asarvajJatA kA vinAza ho kara kisI manuSya kI sarvajJatA utpanna huI to jo AkAza pahale anupalabhya thA vahI bAda meM upalabhya ho gyaa| ataH AkAza bhI anupalabhyatvena vinaSTa ho kara upalabhyatvena utpanna huaa| isa taraha usameM para pratyaya bhI utpAda vinAza karate rahate haiN|' 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.11.467-68 2. sa. rA. bA. 5.12 10-14455 3. ta. rA. bA. 5.12 15-16 455-56 4. ta. rAvA. 5.18 10.467 167 ___ 2010_03

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kAla dravyaH-jaina darzana SaD dravya mAnatA hai| kAla cauthA ajIva dravya hai jisakA vivecana yahA~ hama karane jA rahe haiN| jaina darzana ke zvetAMbara digaMbara donoM hI paramparAoM ne kAla dravya ko svIkAra to kiyA hai, paraMtu kAla dravya kI svataMtratA para matabheda hai| jaina darzana meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArA kAla ke saMbaMdha meM pAyI jAtI hai:(1) kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane vAlI aura (2) dUsarI vicAradhArA kAla ko svataMtra nahIM mAnane vaalii| ina do vicAradhArAoM ke bAvajUda isameM sabhI ekamata haiM ki kAla dravya avazya hai| prathama vicAradhArA ke samarthaka kuMdakuMdAcArya, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI, nemIcandra evaM AgamoM meM bhagavatI aura uttarAdhyayana haiM evaM dvitIya vicAradhArA ke samarthaka ThANAMga, jIvAbhigama, AcAryoM meM umAsvAti, siddhasena divAkara, jinabhadragaNi Adi haiN| aba ina donoM vicAradhArAoM kA evaM kAla ke svarUpa kA hama vivecana kreNge| ThANAMga ke TippaNa ke' anusAra kAla vAstavika dravya nahIM hai, vaha aupacArika dravya hai| vastutaH vaha jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya hai| isaliye use jIva aura ajIva donoM kahA hai| paMcAstikAya meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ne kAla kI dUsarI vicAradhArA ko hI puSTa kiyA hai| kAla pariNAma se utpanna hotA hai aura pariNAma dravyakAla se utpanna hotA hai| kAla kSaNabhaMgura bhI hai aura nitya bhii|' ise amRtacaMdrAcArya ne vizeSa spaSTa kiyA hai| vyavahAra kAla jIva aura pudgala ke dvArA spaSTa hotA hai aura nizcayakAla jIva pudgaloM ke pariNAma kI anyathA anupapatti dvArA (jIva aura pudgala ke pariNAma anyathA nahIM bana sakate isaliye) nizcita hotA hai| 1. ThANAMga TippaNa naM. 122 pR. 140 2. ThANAMga 2.387 3. paMcAstikAya vRtti 100. ___168 2010_03

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kAla nitya aura kSaNika kyoM aura kaise haiM? ise bhI kuMdakuMdAcArya ne spaSTa kiyA hai| "kAla" yaha kathana sadbhAva kA preraka hai, ataH nitya hai| (yaha nizcayakAla kI apekSA se haiN|) utpannadhvaMsI vyavahArakAla (yadyapi kSaNika haiM phira bhI) pravAha apekSA se dIrgha sthiti yukta bhI kahA jAtA hai|" kuMdakuMdAcArya ne agale zloka meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva kI taraha kAla ko bhI dravya to mAnA hai, paraMtu kAya nhiiN| AcArya umAsvAti ne yadyapi ajIva dravyoM ke antargata kAla ko nahIM ginAyA thA, para Age jAkara unhoMne sUtra meM 'ca' zabda kA prayoga karate hue kAla ko bhI dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dedii'| pravacanasAra meM kuMdakuMda ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki eka samaya meM utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya kAla meM sadA pAye jAte haiN| ataH kAlANu kA apanA svataMtra astitva hai| bhASyakAra akalaMka ne ise "dravya kyoM hai?" isakA kAraNa bhI batA diyAM hai| "utpAda vyaya dhrauvyayuktaM sat" aura "guNaparyAyavat dravyaM" ina lakSaNoM se yukta hone se AkAza Adi kI taraha kAla bhI dravya hai| kAla meM dhrauvya to svapratyaya hai hI kyoMki vaha svabhAva meM sadA vyavasthita rahatA hai| vyaya aura utpAda agurulaghuguNoM kI hAni vRddhi kI apekSA svapratyaya hai tathA para dravyoM meM vartanA hetu hone se para pratyaya bhI hai| kAla meM acetanatva, amUrtatva, sUkSmatva, agurulaghutva Adi sAdhAraNa guNa aura vartanAhetutva asAdhAraNa guNa pAye jAte haiN| vyaya aura utpAda rUpa paryAyeM bhI kAla meM barAbara hotI rahatI haiM, ataH vaha dravya hai|' yahA~ eka anya prazna aura hotA hai ki agara kAla dravya hai to use dharma aura adharma Adi ke sAtha kyoM nahIM spaSTa kiyA? pUjyapAda ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra diyA hai - "agara vahA~ kAla dravya kA kathana karate to ise kAyayukta mAnanA par3atA aura kAladravya meM mukhya athavA upacAra donoM rUpa se pradezapracaya kI kalpanA kA abhAva hai| dharmAdi ko mukhyarUpa se pradezapracaya kahA hai aura aNu ko upacAra se| paraMtu kAla meM donoM nahIM hai ataH kAla kAya nahIM hai| 1. paM. kA. 101 2. paM. kA. 102 3. ta. sU. 5.16 4. pravacanasAra 143 5. ta. rA. vA. 5.39 1-2 501 ___169 169 ___ 2010_03

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dUsarA samAdhAna yaha hai ki "nikriyANi c"| isa sUtra dvArA dharma se lekara AkAza taka ke dravya ko niSkriya kahane para jaise avaziSTa bace jIva aura pudgala ko svataH sakriyatva prApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAla bhI sakriya bntaa| AkAza se pahale bhI kAla ko nahIM rakha skte| "AkAza taka eka dravya hai" isa sUtra ke anusAra agara kAla ko AkAza se pahale rakhate to kAla bhI eka dravya hotaa| ina sabhI doSoM se bacane ke lie kAla kA alaga se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kAla kA lakSaNaH-uttarAdhyayana meM kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA batAyA gayA hai|' tatvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne kAla ke lakSaNa vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva mAne hai|' vartanA kyA hai:-"pratyeka dravya pratyeka paryAya meM prati samaya jo svasattA kI anubhUti karatA hai, use vartanA kahate hai| pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya kA anubhava karatA hai| dharmAdi dravya apanI anAdi yA AdimAna paryAyoM meM utpAda vyayadhrauvyarUpase pariNata hote rahate haiN| yahI svasattAnubhUta vartanA hai| sAdazyopacAra se pratikSaNa vartanA aisA anugata vyavahAra hone se yadyapi vaha eka kahI jAtI hai, para vastutaH pratyeka dravya kI apanI-apanI vartanA alaga hotI hai| vartanA kA anumAna hama isa prakAra se lagA sakate haiN| jaise cAvala ko pakAne ke lie bartana meM DAlA, vaha AdhA ghaNTe meM paka gayA to yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki 29 miniTa to vaha jyoM kA tyoM rahA, mAtra antima samaya meM paka kara bhAta bana gyaa| usameM prathama samaya se hI sUkSmarUpa se pAkakriyA prAraMbha thI, yadi prathama samaya meM pAka na huA hotA to dUsare tIsare kSaNoM meM saMbhava hI nahIM ho sakatA thA aura isa taraha pAka kA abhAva ho jaataa|' 1. ta. sU. 5-7 2. ta. sU.5.6 3. sa. si. 5.39602 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.10 5. "vartanA pariNAma kriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya" ta. sU. 5.22 6. ta. rA. bA. 522 4.477 7. ta. rA. vA. 5.22.5.477 170 2010_03

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yaha vartanA lakSaNa yukta kAla paramArtha kAla hai|' dravya kI paryAya badalatI hai aura use badalAne vAlA kAla hai| agara aisA hai to kAla kriyAvAn dravya ho jAtA hai, jaise ziSya par3hatA hai, upAdhyAya par3hAte haiM, yahA~ upAdhyAya kriyAvAn dravya hai| pUjyapAda isa AzaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM - yaha koI doSa nahIM hai kyoMki nimitta mAtra meM hetukartA rUpa kathana (vyapadeza) dekhA jAtA hai "jaise kaMDe ko agni pakAtI hai" yahA~ kaMDe kI agni nimittamAtra hai, usI prakAra kAla bhI hetukartA hai|' pariNAma kyA haiH-dravya meM apanI svadravyatva jAti ko nahIM chor3ate hue jo svAbhAvika yA prAyogika parivartana hotA hai, use pariNAma kahate haiN| dravyatva jAti yadyapi dravya se bhinna nahIM hai, phira bhI dravyArthika kI avivakSA aura paryAyArthika kI pradhAnatA meM usakA vyavahAra pRthak ho jAtA hai| pariNAma kA tAtparya yahI hai ki apanI maulika sattA ko na chor3ate hue pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza aura uttaraparyAya kA utpanna honA hI pariNamana hai| pariNAma do prakAra kA hotA hai-eka anAdi, dUsarA aadimaan| loka kI racanA, sumeru parvata Adi ke AkAra anAdi pariNAma hai| AdimAna pariNAma do prakAra kA hai-eka prayogajanya aura dUsarA svaabhaavik| cetana dravya ke aupazamikAdi bhAva jo mAtra karmoM ke upazama Adi kI apekSA se hote haiM, jinameM puruSaprayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ve svAbhAvika pariNAma kahalAte haiN| jJAna, zIla, bhAvanA Adi guru ke upadeza se hote haiN| ata: ye prayogaja pariNAma hai aura miTTI Adi meM kumhAra dvArA hone vAlA acetana pariNamana prayogaja acetana pariNamana hai| indradhanuSa Adi pariNamana svabhAvika acetana pariNamana hai|' kriyA kyA hai: bAhya aura AbhyaMtara nimittoM se dravya meM hone vAlA parispaMdAtmaka pariNamana kriyA hai| vaha do prakAra kI hai - prAyogika aura svaabhaavik| bailagAr3I Adi meM prAyogika tathA bAdala Adi meM svAbhAvika kriyA hotI hai| 1. "paramArthakAlo vartanAlakSaNaH" sa. si. 5.22.569 2. sa.si. 5.22.569 3. ta.vA. 5.22.10.477.78 4. rA. vA. 5.22.19.481 evaM sa.si. 5.22.569 171 ___ 2010_03

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paratva tathA aparatvaH-paratva aura aparatva kSetrakRta bhI haiM aura guNakRta bhii| paratva kA tAtparya dUravartI evaM apara kA samIpavartI kahA jAtA hai| (kSetra kI apekSA) ahiMsA Adi prazasta guNoM ke kAraNa dharma para, adharma apara kahA jAtA hai (guNakRta kI apekSA se) kAlakRta bhI para apara hotA hai| jaise sau sAla kA vRddha para aura solaha sAla kA yuvaka apara hai| ina tIna paratvAparatva meM se kAlakRta paratvAparatva hI liyA jAnA caahiye| tarka bhASA meM bhI paratvAparatva kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM paratva aura aparatva ko do prakAra se mAnA gayA hai - kAlika paratva aura kAlika aparatva tathA dezika paratva aura dezika aprtv| kAlika arthAt samaya se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlA tathA dezika arthAta sthAna se saMbaMdha rakhane vaalaa| jaise Ayu kA bar3appana kAla kA dyotaka hotA hai, ata: kAlika paratva kahA jAtA hai| Ayu meM choTepana ko kAlika aparatva kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha dezika paratva tathA dezika aparatva ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM kucha tarkaH-kucha zaMkAkAra yahA~ pariNAma jo ki kAla kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai, use lekara prazna karate haiM ki bIja aMkura meM hai yA nahIM? yadi hai to vaha aMkura nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yadi nahIM hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki bIja aMkura rUpa se pariNata nahIM haA kyoMki usameM bIja svabhAvatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra astitva-nAstitva donoM pakSa meM doSa aayeNge| akalaMka isakA samAdhAna karate haiM ki kathaMcit astitva nAstitva meM doSoM kA Agamana saMbhava nahIM hai| sad asad vAda narasiMha kI taraha jAtyaMtara rUpa hai| ise zAlibIjAdi ke udAharaNa dvArA aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise zAlIbIjAdi dravyArthika dRSTi se aMkura meM bIja haiM, yadi usakA saMpUrNataH vinAza ho gayA hotA to zAli kA aMkura kyoM kahalAtA? zAlibIja aura zAlyaMkura rUpa paryAyArthika dRSTi se aMkura meM bIja nahIM hai kyoMki bIja kA yadi pariNamana nahIM huA hotA to aMkura kahA~ se AtA? bIja aMkura se bhinna hai yA abhinna? yadi bhinna hai to vaha bIja kA pariNamana nahIM kahA jA sktaa| agara abhinna hai to use aMkura nahIM kaha 1. rA. vA. 5.22. 22.481 2. "kAlopakAraprakaraNAt kAlakate'tra paratvA paratve gote" ta.rA.vA. 5.22.22.481 172 2010_03

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skte| kahA bhI hai-yadi bIja svayaM pariNata huA hai to aMkura bIja se bhinna nahIM ho sakatA; paraMtu aisA nahIM hai| agara bhinna hai to use aMkura nahIM kaha sakate isa prakAra pariNAma nahIM bntaa|' isakA samAdhAna tatvArthavArtika meM isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai - isakA samAdhAna bhI syAdvAda meM prApta ho jAtA hai ki aMkura kI utpatti ke pahale bIja meM aMkura paryAya nahIM thI, bAda meM utpanna huii| ataH paryAya kI dRSTi se aMkura bIja se bhinna hai aura cU~ki zAlibIja kI jAtivAlA hI aMkura utpanna huA hai, anya nahIM, ataH dravya kI dRSTi se abhinna bhii| pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA hai, paraMtu pariNAma meM vRddhi nahIM mAnI jA sktii| yadi bIja aMkura rUpa se pariNata hotA hai to dUdha ke pariNAma dahI kI taraha aMkura ko bIjamAtra hI honA cAhiye bar3A nhiiN| kahA bhI hai- yadi bIja aMkurapane ko prApta hotA hai to choTe bIja se bar3A aMkura kaise bana sakegA? yadi pArthiva aura jalIya rasa se aMkura kI vRddhi kahI jAtI hai to kahanA hogA ki vaha bIja kA pariNAma nahIM hogaa| pArthiva aura jalIya tathA anya rasa dravyoM ke saMcaya se vRddhi kI kalpanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| jaise lAkha ke lapeTane se bhI kASTha moTA avazya ho jAtA hai, para bar3hatA nahIM hai, lAkha hI bar3hatI hai, usI taraha yadi bIja rahatA hai aura rasa bar3hate haiM to phira bIja kyA karate haiN| isa bIja vRddhi kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jaise manuSyAyu aura nAma karma ke udaya se utpanna bAlaka bAhyasUryaprakAza aura mA~ ke dUdha Adi ko apanI bhItarI pAcanazakti se pacAtA huA AhArAdi dvArA bar3hatA hai usI prakAra vanaspati bhI Ayu aura nAma karma ke udaya se bIjAzrita jIva aMkurarUpa se utpanna ho kara bhI pArthiva aura jalIya rasabhAga ko khIMcatA huA bAhyasUryaprakAza aura AMtarika pAcanazakti ke anusAra unheM jIrNa karatA huA apane khAda ke anusAra bar3hatA hai| pariNamana saMbaMdhI vRddhi doSa bhI ekAMtavAdiyoM meM AtA hai| anekAMta vAda meM aMkurAdi sabhI dravyadRSTi se nitya haiM, paraMtu paryAyadRSTi se anityA' yahA~ eka prazna aura uThatA hai ki jaba pariNamana aura vartanA donoM hI 1. tarka bhASA pR. 188 evaM prazastapAdakRta padArtha dharma saMgraha pR. 164 se aage| 2. sa. rA. vA. 5.22.11.478 3. ta. rA. vA. 5.22.15.16.479.80 173 2010_03

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parivartana ko hI sUcita karate haiM to unheM alaga-alaga mAnane kI kyA tuka hai? vartanA aura pariNAma meM antara (1) vartanA aura pariNAma yadyapi parivartana ko hI sUcita karate haiM phira bhI inameM sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA kA aMtara hai| vartanA sUkSmatA ko iMgita karatI hai aura pariNamana sthUlatA ko, jaise bAlaka se yuvk| (2) vartanA aura pariNAma meM pramANa kA bhI aMtara hai| vartanA ko pratyakSa pramANa se nahIM jAna sakate balki usakA anumAna karanA par3atA hai, jabaki pariNAma ko hama pratyakSa pramANa se jAna sakate haiN| miTTI kA ghaTa ke rUpa meM pariNamana pariNAma hai| gati aura sthiti kriyA kA jaba pariNAma meM antarbhAva hotA hai to parispaMdAtmaka kriyA bhI usI ke aMtargata A sakatI hai| aise meM mAtra pariNAma kA nirdeza karanA caahiye| kriyA kI alaga se kyA AvazyakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna tatvArtha vArtika meM isa prakAra diyA hai ki parispaMdAtmaka aura aparispaMdAtmaka donoM prakAra ke bhAvoM kI sUcanA ke liye kriyA kA pRthak grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| parispaMda kriyA hai aura anya prinnaam|' / vartanA Adi dvArA kAla kA anumAna hotA hai| kAla kA lakSaNa yahI batAyA hai ki jisase mUrtadravyoM kA upacaya aura apacaya lakSita hote haiM vaha kAla hai|' kAla akhaMDa pradezI nahIM hai: kAla AkAza kI taraha akhaMDa aura ekapradezI nahIM hai kyoMki eka pudgala paramANu eka AkAza pradeza se dUsare AkAza pradeza para jAtA hai aura isameM jo samaya lagatA hai, agara gaharAI meM jAkara dekhe to yaha samaya hI kAladravya kI paryAya hai| yaha atisUkSma hone se niraMza bhI hai| yadi kAladravya ko lokAkAza ke barAbara akhaMDa aura eka mAnA jAtA hai to isa akhaMDa samaya paryAya kI niSpatti nahIM hotI, kyoMki pudgala paramANu jaba eka kAlANu ko chor3a kara 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.22. 20, 21.481 2. "yena mUrtAnAmupacayAzcApacayAzca lakSyante sa kAla:" rA. vA. 5.23 pR. 481 (uddhRta) 174 2010_03

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dUsare kAlANu ke prati gamana karatA hai, taba vahA~ donoM kAlANu pRthak-pRthak hone se samaya kA bheda bana jAtA hai aura yadi eka akhaMDa loka ke barAbara kAladravya hoM to samaya paryAya kI siddhi kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai| yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki kAladravya lokapramANa asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM, usake eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza ke prati jAne para samaya paryAya kI siddhi ho jAyegI? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki eka akhaMDa dravya ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM jAne para samaya paryAya kA bheda nahIM bntaa| ataH samaya paryAya meM bheda siddha karane ke lie kAla dravya ko aNurUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA kAla do prakAra kA hai-vyavahAra kAla aura nizcaya kaal| hama vyavahAra ke svarUpa bheda aura prabheda ko pratyakSa anubhava kara sakate haiM, paraMtu nizcaya kAla kI prakRti vyavahArakAla dvArA hI anumAnita kI jAtI hai| usakI prakRti svarUpa saba kucha indriyAtIta hai| eka-eka samaya kA samuccaya Avali, pala Adi kAla kA jo vyavahAra hai, vaha vyavahArakAla hai, ise samaya paryAya bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha samaya paryAya hI nizcaya kAla jJAna karAtI hai| yahA~ eka yaha bhI tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki kAlANu ko na mAnakara mAtra samayaparyAya rUpa vRtti hI svIkAra kareM to kyA kaThinAI hai? isakA samAdhAna amRtacaMdrAcArya ne yaha diyA hai ki mAtra vRtti (samayarUpa pariNati) kAla nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki vRtti vRttimAna ke binA nahIM ho sktii| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vRttimAna ke binA bhI vRtti ho sakatI hai to yaha prazna hogA ki vRtti to utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya kI ekatA svarUpa honI caahiye| akelI vRtti utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya kI ekatArUpa kaise ho sakatI hai? athavA yaha kahA jAya ki anAdi anaMta anaMtara (paraspara aMtara hue binA eka ke bAda eka pravartamAna) aneka aMzoM ke kAraNa ekAtmatA hotI hai isaliye pUrva-pUrva ke aMzoM kA nAza hotA hai aura uttara-uttara aMzoM kA utpAda hotA hai tathA ekAtmakatA rUpa dhrauvya rahatA hai, isa prakAra akelI vRtti bhI utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya kI ekatAsvarUpa ho sakatI hai, paraMtu aisA saMbhava nahIM hai| 1. sa. si. 5.39 pR. 241 kA vizeSa vivecana 175 2010_03

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jisa aMza meM nAza hai aura jisa aMza meM utpAda hai ve do aMza eka sAtha pravRta nahIM ho skte| ata: utpAda, vyaya kA aikya saMbhava nahIM hai tathA naSTa aMza ke sarvathA samApta hone para aura utpanna hone vAle aMza kA apane svarUpa ko prApta na hone se nAza aura utpAda kI ekatA meM pravartamAna dhrauvya kahA~ se AyegA? aisA hone para trilakSaNAtmakatA nahIM rhegii| __ataH ina dUSaNoM ke parihAra ke liye vRttimAna svIkAra karanA anivArya hai aura vaha vRttimAna pradeza hI hai kyoMki jo apradeza, hai unameM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya nahIM ho sktaa|' __ ataH hameM kAla ko eka pradezI ke rUpa meM to svIkAra karanA hI hai kyoMki pradeza rahita dravya to zUnya hotA hai| kAla anaMta samayayukta hai:-kAla ko anaMtasamaya yukta batAyA hai| kAla anaMtasamaya vAlA kisa apekSA se hai ise pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - vartamAna kAla to yadyapi eka samaya vAlA hai, paraMtu atIta aura anAgata to anaMta samaya vAlA hai| ataH atIta aura anAgata kI apekSA kAla anaMta samayayukta aura vartamAna kI apekSA eka samayayukta hai|' kAla ke prakAra:-kAla ke bheda kI carcA bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai| jaba bhagavAna se yaha prazna pUchA ki kAla kitane prakAra kA hai? sudarzana kI isa zaMkA kA bhagavAna ne kAla ke nimna ke cAra bheda batAte hue samAdhAna kiyA (1) pramANa kAla (2) yathAyurnivRtti kAla (3) maraNakAla (4) aura addhAkAla 1. pra. sA. tA. pR. 144 2. pra.sA. 144 3. ta. sU. 5.40 4. sa. si. 5.40. 604 5. bhagavatI 11.11.77 176 2010_03

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(1) pramANa kAla kyA hai ise spaSTa karate hue bhagavan ne kahA- pramANa kAla do prakAra kA hai, divasa pramANakAla aura rAtripramANakAla / ' jisase rAtri, divasa, varSa, zatavarSa Adi kA pramANa jAnA jAya, use pramANakAla kahate haiN| (2) yathAyurnivRttikAla - AtmA ne jisa prakAra kI Ayu kA baMdha bAMdhA hai usI prakAra usakA pAlana karanA, bhoganA, yathAyurnivRtti kAla hai| ( 3 ) maraNakAla - zarIra kA jIva se yA jIva kA zarIra se viyukta honA, alaga honA maraNakAla hai| (4) addhAkAla - aneka prakAra kA hai| sUryacandra Adi kI gati se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlA addhAkAla hai| kAla kA mukhya rUpa addhAkAla hai, zeSa tInoM isake viziSTa rUpa hai| addhAkAla vyAvahArika hai| vaha manuSya loka meM hI hotA, aura isaliye manuSya loka ko samaya kSetra kahA jAtA hai| nizcaya kAla jIva ajIva kA paryAya hai, vaha lokAloka vyApI hai, usake vibhAga nahIM hote| samaya se lekara pudgala parAvarta taka ke jitane vibhAga haiM, ve saba addhAkAla ke haiN| samaya use kahate haiM jo avibhAjya haiN| isako kamalapatroM ke bhedana evaM vastra vidAraNa dvArA spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai(ka) eka dUsare se saTe hue sau kamala ke pattoM ko koI balavAn vyakti suI se cheda detA hai, taba aisA hI lagatA hai ki saba patte eka sAtha chida gaye, paraMtu vAstava meM aisA nahIM hotA ki saba patte eka sAtha chida gye| jisa samaya pahalA pattA chedA gayA, usa samaya dUsarA nhiiN| sabhI alagaalaga samaya meM hI chede jAte haiM aura yaha kramazaH hotA hai| (kha) eka kalAkuzala yuvA aura baliSTha julAhA jIrNa zIrNa vastra yA sAr3I ko zIghra hI phADa detA hai aura itanI zIghra yaha kriyA hotI hai ki aisA lagatA hai ki eka hI samaya meM sArA vastra phaTa gayA, paraMtu aisA hotA nahIM / vastra aneka taMtuoM se banatA hai, jaba taka Upara ke taMtu nahIM phaTate, taba taka nIce ke taMtu nahIM phaTate / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki vastra phaTane meM kAla bheda hotA hai| 1. bhagavatI 11.117,8 2. bhagavatI 11.11.46 2010_03 177

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vastra aneka taMtuoM kA banA hotA hai| pratyeka taMtu meM aneka roeM hote haiN| usameM bhI Upara kA royAM pahale chidatA hai, taba kahIM usake nIce kA royAM chidatA hai| anaMta paramANuoM ke milana kA nAma saMghAta hai| anaMta saMghAtoM kA eka samudAya aura anaMta samudAyoM kI eka samiti hotI hai aura aisI anaMta samitiyoM ke saMgaThana se taMtu ke Upara kA eka royAM banatA hai| ina sabakA chedana kramazaH hotA hai| taMtu ke pahale royeM ke chedana meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, usakA atyaMta sUkSma aMza yAnI asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga samaya kahalAtA hai| kAla kA upakAraH-padArthoM meM cAhe ve sajIva ho yA nirjIva ho parivartana kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hai| vaha kAla sUkSma bhI ho sakatA hai, sthUla bhii| paraMtu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki yaha kisI padArtha meM majabUrana parivartana lAtA hai| kriyA mAtra kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hai|' parivartana do prakAra kA hotA hai- kSetrAtmaka aura bhaavaatmk| kSetrAtmaka parivartana kabhI-kabhI aura kahIM-kahIM saMbhava hotA hai, parantu bhAvAtmaka parivartana sarvatra aura sadaiva rahatA hai| kSetrAtmaka parivartana kisI-kisI padArtha meM hotA hai| paraMtu bhAvAtmaka parivartana sadA padArthoM meM hotA hai| cAhe vaha mUrtika ho yA amUrtikA bhAvAtmaka parivartana do prakAra kA hotA hai-sUkSma tathA sthuul| sUkSma parivartana vaha hai jo pratipala padArthoM meM hotA hai, sthUla parivartana pratIti meM A jAtA hai| hama indriyajJAna se sthUla parivartana dekha sakate haiN| paraMtu isase yaha nahIM samajheM ki sUkSma parivartana hotA hI nhiiN| sUkSma ke abhAva meM sthUla parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai| sthUla parivartana jIva aura pudgala meM hI hotA hai, paraMtu sUkSma parivartana to chahoM dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| kyoMki utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya yukta hI dravya ho sakatA hai| sUkSma tathA sthUla donoM prakAra ke parivartana meM kAla hI upakArI yA sahAyaka hai|' kriyA meM sahAyaka kAla haiH-jitanI bhI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ve sArI kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hai| agara kAla na ho to hamArI gatikriyA yA rela 1. bhagavatI a. vRtti pR. 535 2. dhavalA 4.1.5.1.7.317 3. padArtha vijJAna- le. jinendravarNI pa. 196.97 4. jainendra siddhAMtakoSa pR.83 178 ___ 2010_03

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kI paTarI yA AyusaMbaMdhI kisI prakAra kA anukrama nahIM bana skegaa| yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki AkAza pradeza se dravyoM meM vartanA hotI hai? (jaise suI kA kAMTA eka sthAna se Age baDhatA huA dUsare kAMTe taka pahu~catA hai aura donoM kAMToM ke bIca jo dUrI hai vaha AkAza hai|) to kAla ko kriyA kA hetu mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? akalaMka samAdhAna dete haiM ki aisA nahIM hai kyoMki pakAne ke lie bartana AdhAra hai, paraMtu agni honA bhI to anivArya hai anyathA pAka kriyA kaise saMbhava hogI? usI prakAra AkAza vartanA vAle dravyoM kA AdhAra to ho sakatA hai, paraMtu vartanA kI utpatti meM sahAyaka to kAla hI hogaa|' paMcAstikAya kI vRtti meM bhI yahI zaMkA uThAyI gayI ki sUrya kI gatikriyA Adi meM dharma dravya sahakArI kAraNa haiM, kAla kI kyA AvazyakatA hai, paraMtu yaha saMbhava nahIM lagatA kyoMki gati pariNati ke dharma dravya tathA kAla donoM sahakArI kAraNa hote haiM aura sahakArI kAraNa to bahuta sAre hote haiM jaiseghaTa kI utpatti meM kumhAra, cakra Adi kaI sahakArI kAraNa hai| isI prakAra kAla dravya bhI sahakArI hai| vyavahAra ke bhedaH-kAla do prakAra kA mAnA hai- eka nizcayakAla aura dUsarA vyavahAra kaal| samaya, nimeSa, kASThA, kalA, ghar3I, ahorAtra, mAsa, Rtu, ayana aura varSa aisA jo kAla hai, vaha vyavahAra kAla hai, ise parAzrita kAla bhI kahate haiN|' niyamasAra meM isI vyavahAra kAla kI apekSA se do bheda batAye haiM aura tIna bhii| samaya aura Avali ke bheda se vyavahAra kAla ke do bheda hote hai| atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna kI apekSA se tIna prakAra hote haiN|' vyavahAra kI paribhASA tAtparya vRtti meM spaSTa karate hue AcArya kahate haiM "eka AkAza pradeza meM jo paramANu sthita ho, use dUsarA paramANu maMdagati se lAMghe utanA kAla" vaha samayarUpa vyavahAra kAla hai|' 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.228.477 2. paM. kA. tA. vR. 25 3. paM. kA 25 4. ni.sA. 31 5. ni.sA.tA. 31 evaM pra. sA.ta.pra. 139 179 2010_03

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yaha samaya avibhAjya hai aura kAla dravya kI sUkSmAtisUkSma paryAya hai| samaya utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa bhii| jaise AkAza dravya ke bhAga karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, vaise hI samaya bhI niraMza hai| yahA~ yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba pudgala paramANu zIghra gati dvArA eka samaya meM loka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, taba vaha caudaha roja taka AkAza pradezoM meM zreNIbaddha jitane kAlANu hai, una sabako sparza karatA hai| ata: asaMkhya kAlANuoM ko sparza karane se samaya ke asaMkhya aMza hone caahiye| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki koI paramANu eka samaya meM asaMkhya kAlANuoM kA ullaMghana karake, loka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, yaha paramANu ke vizeSa prakAra ke parimANa ke kAraNa hI hai| isase samaya ke asaMkhya aMza nahIM hote| jaise anaMta paramANu kA koI skaMdha AkAza ke eka pradeza meM samAkara parimANa meM eka paramANu jitanA hI hotA hai, yaha paramANuoM ke vizeSa prakAra ke avagAha ke kAraNa hai|' gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM bhI samaya kI yahI vyAkhyA dI hai| saMpUrNa dravyoM ke paryAya kI jaghanya sthiti eka kSaNamAtra kI hotI hai| do paramANuoM ke atikramaNa karane ke kAla kA jitanA pramANa hai, usako samaya kahate haiN| sUryagati nimittaka vyavahArakAla manuSya kSetra meM hI calatA hai, kyoMki loka ke jyotirdeva gatizIla hote haiM aura bAhara ke jyotirdeva avasthita hai|' dhavalA meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki trikAlagocara anaMtaparyAyoM se paripUrita eka mAtra manuSya kSetra saMbaMdhI sUryamaNDala meM hI kAla hai arthAt kAla kA AdhAra manuSya kSetra saMbaMdhI sUryamaNDala hai|* nizcaya kAla kA lakSaNaH-kAla pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa rahita, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza rahita, aguruladhu amUrta aura vartana lakSaNa vAlA hai| jo nizcaya kAla hai, vahI pariNamana karane meM kAraNa hotA hai| 1. pravacanasAra tA. vRtti 139. 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 172 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 577 4. dhavalA 4.151.320.5 5. paMcAstikAya 24 6. na.ca. vRtti 135 180 2010_03

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parivartana rUpa koI bhI kArya binA kAraNa ho nahIM sktaa| isaliye koI na koI sattAbhUta padArtha isakA kAraNa honA cAhiye, yaha sattAbhUta padArtha hI nizcayakAla hai| vyavahAra aura nizcaya kAla meM aMtaraH-mukhya kAla ke astitva kI sUcanA dene ke liye sthiti se pRthak kAla kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra kAla paryAya aura paryAyoM kI avadhi kA pariccheda karatA hai|' vyavahAra kAla jIva aura pudgala ke pariNamana kA AdhAra hotA hai aura nizcayakAla aNurUpa aura indriyAnubhavAtIta hai| kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA:-jaina darzana meM kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake kI hai| eka nIce se Upara arthAt duHkha se sukha kI ora jAne vAlA aura dUsarA Upara se nIce AnevAlA arthAt sukha se duHkha kI ora Ane vaalaa| jaise gAr3I kA pahiyA ghUmatA hai arthAt pahiye kA nIce vAlA bhAga Upara AtA hai aura punaH nIce jahA~ se calA thA vahA~ pahu~ca jAtA hai, isI prakAra kAla kA pahiyA bhI barAbara ghUmatA rahatA hai| sukha se duHkha kI dizA meM jAne vAlA avasarpiNI aura duHkha se sukha kI dizA meM jAnevAlA bhAga utsarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI yaha donoM milakara pUrA eka kAla cakra bana jAtA hai| ise yuga bhI kahate haiN|' utsarpiNI tathA avasarpiNI donoM hI ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake pUre kAla ko 12 vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| utsarpiNI kAla kramazaH Upara kI ora bar3hatA hai ataH dukhamA-dukhamA, dukhamA, dukhamA-sukhamA, sukhamAdukhamA, sukhamA, sukhmaa-sukhmaa| avasarpiNI kAla ThIka isake viparIta calatA hai| sukhamA-sukhamA, sukhamA, sukhamA dukhamA, dukhamA sukhamA, dukhamA aura duHkhamA duHkhmaa|' vartamAna meM avasarpiNI kA pA~cavAM bhAga cala rahA hai arthAt uttarottara naitika tathA AdhyAtmika zAMti kI hAni hotI jA rahI hai| kAla ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA :-kAla hamAre jIvana kA mahatvapUrNa aMga hai| "90 hA 1. ta. rA. vA. 1.8.20.43 2. ThANAMga 2.74 3. ThANAMga 6.23,24 181 2010_03

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hama mauta ko bhI kAla kahate haiM, jo vAstava meM vyAvahArika kAla hai| pratyeka padArtha kAla ke Azrita haiN| parivartana yA kriyA jo kucha bhI hotI hai aura jisake kAraNa sRSTi kA sauMdarya aura saMtulana hai, vaha sArA kAla kA hI upakAra hai| vaizeSika darzana meM kAlaH - vaizeSika nau dravya mAnate haiM, jisameM kAla bhI eka dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 2 kAla ko vaizeSika AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApaka mAnate haiM tathA pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM maante| kAla ko ye bhI utpanna sabhI padArthoM ke sAdhana rUpa kAraNa mAnate haiM / ' prakRti meM hone vAlA mUrta parivartana jaise vastu kI utpatti, vinAza, sthiratA ke liye bhI kAla kA honA anivArya hai| yaha vaha zakti hai jo anitya padArthoM meM parivartana lAtI hai| yaha samasta gati kI Avazyaka avasthA hai|' kAla svataMtra yathArtha sattA mAnA gayA hai jo samasta vizva meM vyApaka hai aura vastuoM kI gati ko vyavasthita banAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hone ke saMbaMdhoM aura zIghra athavA vilaMba ke bhAvoM kA AdhAra kAla hI hai|' kAla eka hI hai jo vistAra meM sarvatra upasthita hai| yaha kAla nitya eka dravya hai aura samasta vastuoM kA AdhAra hai|' jaina darzana kAla ko eka aura sarvavyApI nahIM mAnate hue asaMkhyAta aura aNurUpa mAnate haiN|" kAla meM bhI anekAMtavAda siddhAMta nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se eka hai evaM vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se kAlANu asaMkhyAta dravya hai|" sAMkhya aura kAla:- sAMkhya meM to mAtra do tatvoM kI hI svIkRti hai| ve to isake atirikta tIsarA dravya mAnate hI nahIM hai / kAla inameM svataMtra dravya nahIM hai / " isa prakAra se hama dekhate haiM ki koI bhI kriyA kAla ke abhAva meM 1. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 291 2. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 187 3. bhAratIya darzaka bhAga / DA. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 187, 88 4. prazastapAda kRta padArtha dharmasaMgraha pR. 25 5. vaizeSika sUtra 2.2.6 6. vaizeSika sUtra 2.2.6 7. atItAdivyavahArahetuH tarkasaMgraha 15 8. dravya saMgraha 22. 9. laghu dravya saMgraha 12 10 . sAMkhya tatva kaumudI 33. pR. 209 2010_03 182

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siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| pratyeka darzana kAla ko saiddhAMtika rUpa se svIkRti deM yA nahIM deM, paraMtu vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se to use svIkAra karanA hI hogA, kyoMki nayA, purAnA, baccA, javAna Adi samasta kAla ke hI udAharaNa hai| kAla kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki pariNAmI hone para bhI dUsare dravya rUpa meM svayaM pariNata nahIM hotA aura na dUsare dravyoM kA apane svarUpa athavA bhinna dravya svarUpa meM pariNamana lAtA hai| paraMtu apane svabhAva se hI apane-apane yogya pariNAmoM se pariNata hone vAle dravyoM ke pariNamana meM yaha kAla dravya udAsInatA pUrvaka svayaM bAhya sahakArI nimitta bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra kAla ke Azraya se pratyeka dravya apane-apane paryAyoM se pariNata hotA hai|' _Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI pariNamana meM udAsIna sahayogI kAla ke isa tathya ko mAnyatA de dI hai| AinsaTIna ne yaha siddha kara dikhAyA hai ki . deza aura kAla bhI ghaTanAoM meM bhAga lete haiN|' prasiddha vaijJAnika jinsa kA kathana hai ki hamAre dRzya jagata kI sArI kriyAeM mAtra phoTona aura dravya athavA bhUta kI kriyAe~ haiM tathA ina kriyAoM kA eka mAtra maMca deza aura kAla hai| isI deza aura kAla ne dIvAra banakara hameM ghera rakhA hai|' Aja ke vijJAna yuga meM samaya kI sUkSmatA Azcaryajanaka nahIM lgtii| isakA vyAvahArika udAharaNa TelIphona dvArA bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| kalpanA kareM, do hajAra kilomITara dUra baiThe hue kisI vyakti se hama TelIphona para bAta kara rahe hai| hamArI dhvani vidyut taraMgoM meM pariNata hokara tAra ke sahAre cala kara dUrastha vyakti taka pahu~catI hai aura usakI dhvani hama tk| isameM jo samaya lagA vaha itanA kama hai ki hameM usakA anubhava nahIM ho rahA hai aura aisA lagatA hai mAnoM kucha bhI samaya nahIM lagA ho aura hama usa vyakti ke sAmane baiThakara hI bAta kara rahe hoN| cAra hajAra mIla tAra ko pAra karane meM taraMga ko lagA samaya bhale hI Apako pratIta na ho rahA ho phira bhI samaya to lagA hI hai| kAraNa ki vaha taraMga ekadama hI vahA~ nahIM pahuMcI hai balki eka-eka mITara aura milI mITara ko kramazaH pArakara ke Age bar3hatI 1. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 569-70 2. svAdhyAya zikSA agasta 1989 pR. 55 3. svAdhyAya zikSA - agasta 1989 pR. 55 183 2010_03

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huI vahA~ pahu~cI hai| aba hama anumAna lagAyeM ki usa taraMga ko TelIphona ke tAra ke eka mITara yA milImITara ko pAra karane meM kitanA samaya lagA hogA? hama saMpUrNataH anumAna lagA sakeM yA nahIM, paraMtu taraMga ko eka milImITara tAra pAra karane meM samaya to lagA hI hai| jaina darzana meM varNita samaya isase bhI asaMkhyAta guNA adhika sUkSma hai| isa prakAra kAla saMbaMdhI carcA meM hamane dekhA ki yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM meM kAla ke saMbaMdha meM do mata calate haiM- eka mata kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane vAlA aura dUsarA kAla ko svataMtra dravya nahIM mAnane vAlA, phira bhI ye donoM virodhI nahIM hai| bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, prajJApanA' Adi meM kAla saMbaMdhI ye donoM mAnyatAeM hai| AcArya umAsvAti, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadrasUri Adi ne bhI donoM hI mata svIkAra kiye haiN| uparokta donoM mata paraspara avirodhI haiM kyoMki sApekSa hai| nizcaya naya se use jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya mAtra mAnane se hI sabhI vyavahAra sampanna ho sakate haiN| vyavahAra dRSTi se hI use svataMtra aura pRthak dravya mAnA hai| pudgalAstikAyaH-aba hama cauthe adhyAya ke aMtima upabheda pudgalAstikAya kI carcA kreNge| pudgala kyA hai aura usakA svarUpa kyA hai? isakA vistRta vivecana hama yahA~ karane kA prayAsa kreNge| SaDdravyoM meM se eka pudgala hI aisA hai jo rUpI yA mUrta hai| saMsAra bhramaNa kA mukhya kAraNa zuddhasvarupI AtmA kI pudgala se saMgati honA hai| vijJAna ne pudgala ko 'meTara' kahakara UrjA kA mUla srota svIkAra kiyA hai| isa loka meM mukhya do hI padArtha hai jinake dvArA yaha sRSTi nirmita haijIva aura pudgl| avaziSTa ye cAroM dharma, adharma AkAza aura kAla; sahayoga 1. bhagavatI 25.4.734 2. uttarAdhyayana 28.7.8 3. prajJApanA 1.3 4. tatvAryasUtra 5.38,39 para siddhasena kI bhASya vyAkhyA 5. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 926 evaM 2068 6. dharmasaMgrahaNI gAthA 32 kI malayagiri TIkA - 184 2010_03

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mAtra dene vAle udAsIna upakArI hote haiM- "pudgala" yaha jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| 1 pudgala eka vicitra sA zabda lagatA hai| pRthvI, agni, vAyu, kIr3e makor3e Adi sabhI jo dRzya haiM, vaha pudgala hai| yadyapi pudgala ke anekoM bheda hai para jainadarzana ne use SaTkAya meM vibhakta kara diyA hai| yoM to ye jIva ke bheda kahalAte haiM para inakA vibhAjana kAya yA indriya kI apekSA hotA hai aura kAya tathA indriyA~ pudgala hai| jaba taka inake sAtha jIva hai taba taka jIvoM ke zarIra kahalAte hai aura jIva kA viyoga hote hI ye pudgala kahalAte haiN| anaMta kAla se jIva aura pudgala kSIra nIra kI taraha rahane para bhI pudgala jIva nahIM banA yA jIva pudgala ke rUpa meM parivartita nahIM huaa| pudgala zabda kI vyutpatti aura lakSaNaH - yaha pudgala zabda rUpa nahIM, paraMtu vyutpatti hai| jisa prakAra se bhA ko karane vAlA bhAskara kahalAtA hai, usI taraha jo bheda saMghAta se pUraNa aura galana ko prApta ho ve pudgala haiN|' yaha zabda pRSodarAdi gaNa se niSpanna hotA hai| paramANuoM meM bhI zakti kI apekSA galana aura pUraNa hai tathA pratikSaNa agurulaghuguNa kRta guNapariNamana guNavRddhi aura guNahAni hotI rahatI hai| ataH unameM bhI pUraNa aura galana vyavahAra mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai athavA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jIva zarIra, AhAra, viSaya aura indriya upakaraNa Adi ke rUpa meM nigale / grahaNa kareM, pudgala hai| paramANu bhI skaMdha dazA meM jIvoM dvArA hI nigale jAte haiN|" yaha pudgala do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| yaha zabda isa prakAra se niSpanna huA hai- 'pUraNAt put galayatIti galapUraNaM - galAnAnvartha saMjJatvAt pudgalAH" arthAt pUrNa svabhAva se put aura galana svabhAva se gala, ina do avayavoM ke mela se pudgala zabda banA hai yAni pUraNa aura galana ko prApta hone se pudgala kA vyutpattiparaka artha hai jur3anA, TUTanA aura punaH judd'naa| "galanapUraNasvabhAvasanAthaH pudgalaH "" arthAta jo galana- pUraNa svabhAva sahita hai| ( pRthak hone aura ekatrita hone ke svabhAva vAlA hai) vaha pudgala hai| isase tIna bAteM spaSTa huii| 1. bhagavatI 8.10.361 2. ta. rA. vA. 5.1 24-26, 434 3. niyamasAra vRtti 9 evaM bRhada dravya saMgraha vRtti 15 185 2010_03

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(1) pudgala galana aura pUraNa svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| ( 2 ) bheda aura saMghAta ke anusAra jisameM pUraNa galana kriyA antarbhUta hotI hai| ( 3 ) jIva jinheM zarIra, AhAra viSaya aura indriya upakaraNAdi ke rUpa meM nigalatA hai yA grahaNa karatA hai ve pudgala hai| jaina darzana meM chahadravyoM kI prarUpaNA hai| una SaDdravyoM meM pA~ca dravya to arupI aura amUrta hai, paraMtu pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jo mUrtika / rupI hai / ' yaha pudgala pA~cavarNa, pA~carasa, do gaMdha, AThasparza rupI, ajIva zAzvata, avasthita tathA loka kA eka aMzabhUta dravya hai| 2 pudgala ke bhedaH - pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiN| paramANu pudgala aura no paramANu pudgala' (skadha ) / paramANu ke lakSaNa--skaMdha kA aMtima bhAga avibhAgI, eka zAzvata mUrtarUpa se utpanna hone vAlA aura azabda hai / ' bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI paramANu kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra se batAyI hai| eka varNa, eka rasa, eka gaMdha aura do sparza vAlA paramANu pudgala kahA gayA hai| eka varNa vAlA yA to lAla, pIlA, kAlA, nIlA yA sapheda hogaa| eka gaMdha meM yA to sugaMdha hotI hai yA durgndh| yadi eka rasa ho to yA to tIkhA yA kar3avA yA kasailA yA khaTTA yA mIThA / do sparza meM zIta- snigdha yA zIta- rukSa yA uSNa-snigdha yA uSNa-rukSa hogA. ( arthAt sparza do hoMge aura ve virodhI hoNge| ) s mahAvIra ne hajAroM varSoM pUrva hI paramANu ke saMbaMdha meM talasparzI samAdhAna de diye the| Aja vaijJAnika aNu ke anveSaNa karane meM juTe hue haiM, kintu aNu ke saMbaMdha meM jisa sUkSmatA se mahAvIra ne vivecana kiyA, Aja ke vaijJAnika vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca pAye hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika jise aNu kahate haiM, mahAvIra use skaMdha kahate haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM paramANu indriyAtIta hai| vaha skaMdha 1. " rupiNaH pudgalAH " ta. sU. 5.4 2. ThANAMga 5.174 3. ThANAMga 2.228 4. paMcastikAya. 77. 5. bhagavatI 20.5.1 2010_03 186

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se bhinna niraMza tatva hai| paramANu pudgala avibhAjya, acchedya, abhedya evaM adAhya hai|' aisA koI upacAra yA upAdhi nahIM, jisase usakA upacAra kiyA jA ske|' paramANu kA vahI Adi, vahI madhya aura vahI aMta hai| kahA bhI hai"antAdi antamajmaM, aMtantaM Neva iMdie gesaM jaM davvaM avibhAgI taM paramANuM vijaanniihi|" ye indriyagrAhya nahIM hote| paramANu mAtra kAraNa hI nahIM, kArya bhI hai kyoMki vaha skaMdhoM ke bheda pUrvaka utpanna hotA hai| paramANu meM sneha Adi guNa utpanna aura vinaSTa hote rahate haiN| ataH kathaMcit vaha anitya bhI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM gautama svAmI ne prazna kiyA-kyA yaha eka pradezI paramANu kAMpatA hai? paramAtmA ne syAdvAda ke antargata isakA samAdhAna syAdvAda kI bhASA meM diyAvaha kAMpatA bhI hai aura nahIM bhii|' agalA prazna pUchA-kyA paramANu talavAra kI dhAra yA ustare kI dhAra para avagAhana karake raha sakatA hai? bhagavAna ne kahA-vaha avagAhana karake raha sakatA hai|' aba hameM yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki uparokta lakSaNoM se yukta paramANu pudgala kitane samaya taka rahatA hai| bhagavAna ne pharamAyA ki paramANu pudgala jaghanya eka samaya taka aura utkRSTa asaMkhya kAla taka rahatA hai|' agara vAstava meM dekhA jAya to mUla padArtha to paramANu hI hai| yaha paramANu svataMtra hai| yaha na to tor3A jA sakatA hai, na dekhA jA sakatA hai| isakI laMbAI, caur3AI, moTAI nahIM hai, paraMtu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki paramANu nirAkAra hai kyoMki nirAkAra to guNadhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| AkAravAn padArtha hI guNoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura guNoM ke samUha ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI dravya mAnA jAtA hai| aba agara yaha prazna ho ki vaha AkAra kaisA hai to isakA javAba yahI diyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha paramANu svayaM hI apanA AkAra hai| yahI usakI 1. bhagavatI 5.7.3(2) 2. bhagavatI 5.7 10(1) evaM ta.sU. 5.25 3. ta. rA. vA. 4.5.25 pRSTha 491 se udhRt| 4. bhagavatI 5.7 3(11) 5. bhagavatI 5.7.3 (1) 6. bhagavatI 5.7 14(1) 187 ___ 2010_03

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laMbAI, caur3AI aura moTAI hai| paramANu atyaMta sUkSma hote haiM yadyapi ve indriyoM se jAne jA sakate haiM, paraMtu dekhe nahIM jA sakate, paraMtu ve mUrtika hai kyoMki mUrtika kA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se dekhanA, yaha to mAtra samajhAne ke liye lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vAstavika nhiiN| paramANu kA svabhAva catuSTayaH-paramANu cAra prakAra ke hote haiN| dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu aura bhAva prmaannu| dravya paramANu cAra prakAra kA hotA hai jaise-acchedya, abhedya, adAhya aura agraahy| kSetra paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-anarddha, amarthya, apradeza aura avibhaajy| kAla paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asprsh| bhAva paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-varNavAn, gaMdhavAn, rasavAna, sprshvaan|' pudgala ke lakSaNaH-tatvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne pudgala kA lakSaNa sparza rasa, gaMdha aura varNa yukta kiyA hai|' uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM pudgala ko pA~ca lakSaNa yukta kahA hai-varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza aura saMsthAnA' varNaH-varNapA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai-kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA, aura sphed|' gaMdhaH-gaMdha do prakAra kI hotI hai| sugaMdha aura durgaMdhA' rasaH-rasa (svAda) pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai- tIkhA, kaDavA, kasailA khaTTA aura miitthaa| sparzaH-sparza ATha prakAra kA hotA hai- kaThora, komala, halkA, bhArI, ThaMDA, garama, cikanA aura ruukhaa|' 1. bhagavatI 20.5 16-19 2. ta.sU. 5.23 evaM dravya prakAza 2.4 3. uttarAdhyayana 36.15 4. uttarAdhyayana 36.16 5. uttarAdhyayana 36.17 6. uttarAdhyayana 36.18 7. uttarAdhyayana 36.19.20 188 2010_03

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saMsthAnaH-(AkAra) saMsthAna pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai| parimaNDala saMsthAna vRta (gola) saMsthAna, trayaMsa saMsthAna, samacatusra (caurasa) saMsthAna aura Ayata (laMbe) sNsthaan|' ina varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza aura saMsthAna se yukta hI pudgala ho sakatA hai| aisA nahIM ki eka bhautika padArtha meM vaha guNa haiM, dUsare meM nhiiN| vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatA ThIka isake viparIta hai| vaizeSika nau dravya mAnate haiN| ina nau dravyoM ke apane-apane guNa hai| rUpa, rasa, gaMdha tathA sparza guNa se yukta jala rUpa tathA uSNa sparSa guNa se yukta agni aura sparza guNa se yukta vAyu hai, paraMtu jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA nahIM hai| tarka se bhI isa bAta kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| pratyeka padArtha meM cAroM hI guNa pAye jAte haiM, cAhe vaha pRthvI ho yA jl| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to pRthvI ko vijJAna dvArA jala banA diye jAne para usameM se gaMdha guNa kahA~ jAtA hai aura jala ko pRthvI banAne para usameM jala guNa kahA~ se AtA hai| kyoMki yaha to nirvivAda hai ki kisI meM kisI prakAra kA guNotpAda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH pratyeka pudgala skaMdha meM cAroM guNa mAnane hI hoNge| vAstava meM koI bhI pudgala aisA nahIM hai jo rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza rahita ho| yaha alaga bAta hai ki koI guNa kisI meM vyakta hai kisI meM avykt| yaha vivecana do naya kI apekSA se calatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM gur3a aura bhramara ke udAharaNa dvArA yaha vivecana spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra dRSTi se gur3a mIThA hai, paraMtu nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se gur3a pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlA hotA hai| bhramara kAlA hai, tote kI pA~kha harI hai, majITha lAla hai, haldI pIlI hai, zaMkha sapheda hai aura paTavAsa (kapar3e meM sugaMdha dene vAlI pattI) sugaMdhita hai| lAza durgaMdha yukta hai, nIma kar3avA hai, sUMTha tIkhI hai, kapiTha kasailA hai, imalI khaTTI hai Adi, paraMtu yaha vyakta guNa hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi se hai, paraMtu nizcaya dRSTi se to pA~coM varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa, ATha sparza sabameM hote hI hai|' 1. uttarAdhyayana 36.21 2. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2. DaoN rAdhAkRSNana pR. 204. 3. bhagavatI 18.6. 1.5 189 ___ 2010_03

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pudgala ke bhedaH-pudgala ke cAra bheda hote haiM yA ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki pudgala ke bheda saMghAta kI kriyA cAra prakAra se hotI hai- skaMdha, skaMdhadeza, pradeza aura prmaannu|' (1) skaMdhaH-aneka paramANuoM ke piNDa ko skaMdha kahate haiN| (2) skaMdhadezaH-skaMdha ke kisI kalpita bhAga ko skaMdhadeza kahate hai| (3) pradezaH-skaMdha ke niraMza aMza (avibhAjya aMza ko) ko pradeza kahate haiN| (4) paramANuH-skaMdha se pRthak hue niraMza bhAga ko paramANu kahate haiN|' - ina cAra bhedoM meM mukhya bheda to skaMdha aura paramANu hI hai| ina kaMdha aura paramANu kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai| ina skaMdhoM kI utpatti tIna prakAra se batAyI gayI hai- bheda se, saMghAta se tathA bheda aura saMghAta donoM se| bhedaH-aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga ina donoM prakAra ke nimittoM se saMhata skaMdhoM ke vidAraNa ko bheda kahate haiN| saMghAtaH-bhinna-bhinna hue padArthoM ke baMdha hokara eka ho jAne ko saMghAta kahate haiN| bheda saMghAtaH-do paramANuoM ke skaMdha se do pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| do pradezavAle skaMdha aura aNu ke saMghAta se yA tIna aNuoM ke saMghAta se tIna pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, anaMtAnaMta aNuoM ke saMghAta se utane-utane pradezoM vAle skaMdha utpanna hote rahate haiN| inhIM saMkhyAta Adi paramANuvAle skaMdhoM ke bheda se do pradezavAle skaMdha taka hote haiN| isa prakAra eka samaya meM hone vAle bheda aura saMghAta ina donoM se do pradeza vAle Adi skaMdha hote rahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba anya skaMdha se bheda hotA hai aura anya kA saMghAta taba eka sAtha bheda aura saMghAta ina donoM se skaMdha kI utpatti hotI hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 36.10 evaM paMcAstikAya 74. 2. paMcAstikAya 75 3. ta.sU. 5.25 evaM bhagavatI 2.10.11 4. ta.sU. 5.26 5. sa.si. 5.26576 190 2010_03

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aNu yA paramANu kI utpatti to vibhAjana se hI yA bheda se hI hotI hai| jo cAkSuSa haiM ve bheda saMghAta se utpanna hote haiM aura acAkSuSa haiM ve saMghAta se, bheda se aura saMghAtabheda tInoM se utpanna hote haiN| cAkSuSa kA artha hai- cakSurindriya kA vissy| sUkSma aura bAdaraH-pudgala ke sUkSma aura bAdara kI apekSA do bheda hote haiN| sAdhAraNataH bar3A kahate haiM sthUla ko tathA sUkSma kahate haiM choTe ko, paraMtu yaha sAmAnya avasthA ke artha hai, anyathA kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki bar3A padArtha sUkSma ho sakatA hai aura choTA sthUla, jaise khasakhasa (postA) kA dAnA choTA hai aura jala kI bUMda bar3I, paraMtu pAnI vastra se pAra ho jAtA hai aura dAnA nhiiN| vAyu zIze meM se pAra nahIM hotI para prakAza pAra ho sakatA hai| ataH eka dUsare meM se pAra karane kI zakti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUkSma aura sthUla kA vizleSaNa karanA caahiye| jo padArtha kisI dUsare padArtha ko na roka sake, na kisI se svayaM rUke athavA eka dUsare meM samAkara raha sake yA eka dUsare se pAra ho jAya use sUkSma kahate haiM tathA jo padArtha dUsare ko roke athavA dUsare se rUka jAya aura eka dUsare meM na samA sake, vaha sthUla kahalAtA hai| isameM bhI tAratamya hotA hai| koI padArtha pUrNataH sUkSma haiM to koI kama sthUla haiN| jo kisI se bhI kisI prakAra na rUke, vaha pUrNa sUkSma haiN| jo hara padArtha se rUke vaha pUrNa sthUla hai| ___ aMgrejI bhASA meM sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA kA anumAna lagAne ke liye inheM tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai jaise Positive degree, Comparative degree and superlative degree. pudgula ke paryAyaH-zabda, andhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA evaM Atapa ye sabhI pudgala kI paryAya hai| tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra zabda, baMdha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, aMdhakAra, 1. ta.sU. 5.27 2. ta.sU. 5.28 3. ThANAMga 2.229 4. jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna le. jinendravarNI pR. 155 5. dravya prakAza 2010 evaM uttarAdhyayana 28.12 191 ___ 2010_03

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chAyA, tapa evaM prakAza ye pudgala kI paryAya hai|' dravya kA pariNamana paryAya haiN| ina uparokta paryAyoM meM pudgala hI pariNata hotA hai| zabdaH - jo arthoM ko kahatA hai vaha zabda hai| zabda kA prayoga 'dhvani' artha meM huA hai| zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM - ( ka ) bhASAtmaka ( kha ) abhASAtmaka / bhASAtmaka zabda ( a ) akSara aura (A) anakSara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| akSarakRta zabdoM se zAstra kI abhivyakti hotI hai| yaha Arya aura mleccha Adi jAti ke manuSyoM ke vyavahAra kA mAdhyama banatI hai| anakSarAtmaka zabda indriya Adi ke jIvoM ke hote haiN| anakSarAtmaka zabda ke bhI ( 1 ) prAyogika ( 2 ) svAbhAvika do bheda hote hai| aprAyogika zabda bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai tata- puSkara, bherI, tabalA, Dholaka Adi meM camar3e ke tanAva se zabda jo hote haiM ve tata hai| vitataH - vINA, sughoSa, Adi se jo zabda hotA hai vaha vitata hai| ghanaH - tAla, ghaMTA Adi ghana vastuoM ke abhighAta se jo zabda utpanna hotA hai vaha ghana hai| sauSira:- bAMsurI, zaMkha Adi se nikalane vAlA zabda sauSira hai| 2 ( A ) svAbhAvikaH - megha Adi ke nimitta se jo zabda utpanna hote haiM ve svAbhAvika yA vaisrasika hai| " jaina darzana hI eka aisA darzana haiM jisane zabdAdi ko pudgala kI paryAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| vaizeSika Adi zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM, paraMtu jaina zabda ko pudgala kI paryAya vizeSa mAnakara use nityAnitya mAnate haiN| zabda pudgala dravya kI dRSTi se nitya aura zrotrendriya ke dvArA sunane yogya paryAyasAmAnya kI dRSTi se kAlAntara sthAyI hai aura pratikSaNa kI paryAya kI apekSA kSaNika haiN| 1 1. ta. sU. 5.24 2. ta. rA .vA. 5.24.2/485 evaM ThANAMga 2.212-217 3. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 572 4. ta. rA. vA. 5.24.5 887 2010_03 192

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jaina darzana kI zabda viSayaka mAnyatA ko puSTa karate hue pro. e. cakravartI ne likhA hai "The Jain account of sound is a Physical concept. All other Indian Systems spoke of sound as a auality of space. But explains in relation with material particals as avesult of concision of atmospheric molecules. To prove this the jain thinkers employed arguments which are now generally found in text book of Physics." anya saba bhAratIya vicAradhArAeM zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnatI hai jabaki jaina darzana use pudgala mAnatA hai| jaina darzana kI isa vilakSaNa mAnyatA ko vijJAna ne pramANita kara diyaa| dhvani ke vividha prayoga:-Aja ke yuga meM dhvani ke prayoga hone laga gaye haiN| ucca zravaNottara dhvani kA upayoga ghar3I ko binA khole usake kala purje sApha karane meM kiyA jAtA hai| dhAtu ke bane purje ke dAMte kAMTane tathA jor3ane (velDiMga) meM bhI isakA upayoga hotA hai| isakA cikitsAlaya meM vizeSa upayoga hotA hai| kyoMki vastra va aujAra sApha hone ke sAtha-sAtha isase jIvANu bhI naSTa ho jAte hai| kapar3e dhone meM bhI isakA upayoga ho sakatA hai| dhone yogya vastroM ko jala meM DAlakara jala meM zravaNottara dhvani praveza karavAI jAtI hai| usa bulabulAhaTa se rAsAyanika parivartana dvArA hAiDrojana para AksAiDa paidA ho jAtA hai jo usake maile raMga ko sApha kara detA hai| cikitsA kSetra meM bhI isakA upayoga hai| patharI ke rogI ko eka Tebala para sulAkara patharI kI ora eka dhvani phaiMkI jAtI hai| usa dhvani se mAMsa meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA aura patharI TUTa-TUTa kara pezAba dvArA bAhara A jAtI hai| motiyA biMda kA ilAja bhI isase saMbhava hai| dhAtu kI banI eka bArIka nalI kI noMka se dhvani A~kha meM leMsa jise motiyA~ biMda kahate haiM usa para phaikI jAtI haiM usase vaha motiyA biMda tarala padArtha meM rupAMtarita ho jAtA hai aura tarala padArtha ko nalI ke khokhale mArga se bAhara khIMca liyA jAtA hai| aparAdhiyoM ko pakar3ane meM dhvani kaimarA paryApta sahayogI banatA hai| dhvani kaimare meM dhvani kA citrAMkana kiyA jAtA hai| aMguliyoM kI chApa kI taraha dhvani chApa bhI pratyeka vyakti kI bhinna hotI hai| jaise aMguliyoM kI chApa aparAdhiyoM ko pakar3ane meM sahAyaka banatI hai vaise hI yaha dhvani chApa bhI upayogI banatI hai| 193 ___ 2010_03

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isI prakAra ilekTronika saMgIta meM bhI viziSTa upayoga hai| ilekTronika saMgIta yaMtra meM eka aisA chAnaka yaMtra hotA hai jo dhvani kI anAvazyaka tIvratA utAra caDhAva Adi ko chAna kara alaga kara detA hai| isa yaMtra meM saMzleSaka (siMpesAijara) kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| isake dvArA prAkRtika dhvaniyoM ko kRtrima rUpa se taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke vaijJAnika prayogoM dvArA yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki zabda pudgala hai| zabda kI gati ke viSaya meM pannavaNA meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| "he gautama! jo bhASA bhinna rUpa meM niHsRta yA prasArita hotI hai, vaha anaMtaguNI vRddhi ko prApta hotI huI loka ke aMtima bhAga ko sparza karatI haiM arthAt vyApta hokara saMsAra ke pAra taka pahu~ca jAtI haiM aura jo bhASA abhinna rUpa meM niHsRta hotI hai, vaha saMkhyAta yojana jAkara nAza ko prApta hotI hai tathA asaMkhyAta yojana jAkara bheda ko prApta hotI hai|" isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhASA ke do rUpa haiM:-eka abhinna rUpa aura dusarA bhinna ruup| abhinna rUpa bhASA ke mUla rUpa kA dyotaka hotA hai tathA bhinna rUpa bhASA mUla meM parivartita hokara rUpAMtarita hone kA sUcaka hai| zabdotpatti ke kAraNaH-do kAraNoM se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai| pahalA kAraNa hai- jaba pudgala saMhati ko prApta ho taba, jaise ghaDI kA zabda evaM dUsarA kAraNa hai- jaba pudgala bheda ko prApta ho taba jaise bAMsa ke phaTane kA zabdA baMdhaH-jo baMdhe yA jisake dvArA bAMdhA jAya vaha baMdha hai|' baMdha ke do bheda (1.) prAyogika (2) svAbhAvika (1) prAyogikaH-jo prayoga janya haiM, jisameM mana vacana kAyA kA puruSArtha ho| yaha prAyogika baMdha bhI do prakAra kA hai-(a) ajIvaviSayaka (A) jIva aura ajIva vissyk| 1. pannavaNA 11.41. 2. ThANAMga 2.220 3. ta. rA. vA. 5.24.1.485 194 2010_03

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ajIva viSayaka baMdhaH-lAkha aura kATha Adi kA baMdha ajIvaviSayaka baMdha hai| jIva aura ajIva viSayaka baMdhaH-karma aura no karma baMdha jIva aura ajIva viSayaka baMdha hai| karmabaMdha jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra kA haiM, no karmabaMdha audArikAdi zarIra viSayaka hai|' svAbhAvika baMdhaH-yaha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) AdimAna (2) anAdimAna AdimAna baMdhaH-snigdha rukSa guNoM ke nimitta se bijalI, ulkA, jaladhArA, indradhanuSa Adi rUpa pudgala baMdha AdimAna hai| ___anAdimAna baMdhaH-yaha nava prakAra kA hai-dharmAstikAya baMdha, dharmAstikAya deza baMdha, dharmAstikAya pradeza baMdha, adharmAstikAya baMdha, adharmAstikAya deza baMdha, adharmAstikAya pradeza baMdha, AkAzAstikAya baMdha, AkAzAstikAya deza baMdha, AkAzAstikAya pradeza baMdhA' baMdha kI prakriyAH-tatvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne baMdha ko bhI pudgala paryAya batAyA aura sAtha hI baMdha kI prakriyA ko bhI spaSTa kiyaa| baMdha kyoM aura kaise hotA hai? umAsvAti ne ise spaSTa karate hue kahA ki snigdha (sneha) aura rUkSatA ke kAraNa hI baMdha hotA hai|' snigdhatA aura rukSatA ko akalaMka ne samajhAte hue spaSTa kiyA ki bAhya aura AbhyaMtara kAraNoM se sneha paryAya kI prakaTatA se jo cikanApana hai, vaha sneha hai usake viparIta rukSatA hai| do snigdha aura rukSa paramANuoM meM baMdha hone para dvayaNuka skaMdha hotA hai| sneha aura rukSa ina donoM ke anaMta bheda hai| avibhAga pariccheda eka guNavAlA sneha sarvajaghanya haiM prathama haiN| isI taraha do tIna cAra saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta aura anaMtaguNa sneha rUkSa ke vikalpa hai| jaise jala se bakarI ke dUdha/ghI meM, bakarI ke dUdha se gAya ke dUdha aura ghI meM adhika snigdhatA hai| usI taraha kramazaH dhUla se prakRSTa rukhApana tuSakhaMDa meM aura usase bhI prakRSTa rukSatA reta meM pAyI jAtI hai| isI taraha paramANuoM meM bhI snigdhatA aura rukSatA ke prakarSa aura apakarSa kA anumAna hotA hai| 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.24.9.487 2. ta. rA. vA. 5.24.7.487 3. ta.sU. 5.33 4. ta. rA. vA. 5.33. 1-5,497.98 195 ___ 2010_03

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paraMtu sarvajaghanya guNavAle (avibhAgI aura ekaguNavAlA sarvajaghanya kahalAtA hai|) paramANuoM meM baMdha nahIM hotaa|' samAna aMza, samAna guNa (do, cAra, cha, aura kevala snigdha yA kevala rukSa sadRza paramANu) rahane para bhI baMdha nahIM hotaa| snigdhatA yA rukSatA meM do aMza Adi adhika ho to sadRza paramANu milakara skaMdha banA sakate haiN| jaise do paramANu kA cAra paramANuoM ke sAtha baMdha ho sakatA hai|' baMdha hone para adhikaguNavAlA nyUnaguNavAle kA apane rUpa meM pariNamana karavA letA hai| isako adhika spaSTa karane ke uddezya se aMkalaMka ne kahA- "tAtparya yaha ki do guNa snigdha paramANu ko cAraguNa rukSa paramANu pAriNAmika hotA hai, bandha hone para eka tIsarI hI vilakSaNa avasthA hokara eka skandha bana jAtA hai| anyathA sapheda aura kAle dhAge ke saMyoga hone para bhI donoM se rakhe rheNge| jahA~ pAriNAmikatA hotI haiM vahA~ sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa Adi meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| jaise zukla aura pIta raMgoM ke milane para hare raMga ke patra Adi utpanna hote hai| baMdha ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM kucha asamAnatA hai| tatvArtha sUtra ke pA~cave adhyAya ke sUtra 37 meM kucha pAThabheda haiN| digambara paramparA meM "baMdhedhikA pAriNAmikauca" haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM "baMdhe samAdhiko pAriNAmikau" pATha hai| isakA tAtparya hai, snigdha kA dviguNa rukSa bhI pAriNAmika hotA hai, jabaki digambara mAnyatA hai, cAhe sadRza ho yA visadRza do adhika guNavAloM kA hI baMdha hotA hai, anya kA nhiiN| jaise do kA cAra ke sAtha aura tIna kA pA~ca ke sAthA' sUkSmatAH-isakA artha hai chottaapn| yaha do prakAra kI hai-atyaMta sUkSmatA aura ApekSika suukssmtaa| atyaMta sUkSmatA paramANu meM pAyI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sUkSmatA- yaha do vastuoM kI tulanA dvArA jJAta hotI hai jaise A~vale kI apekSA 1. ta. sU. 5.34 2. ta. sU. 5.35 3. ta. sU. 5.36 4. ta. sU. 5.37 5. ta. rA. vA. 5.37.2.500 ta. rA. vA. 5.36.2.499 196 2010_03

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bera adhika sUkSma hai| sthUlatAH-isakA tAtparya hai bdd'aapn| yaha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai| atyaMta sthUlatA aura ApekSika sthuultaa| atyaMta sthUla hai- acita mahAskaMdha aura ApekSika sthUlatA hai- bera kI apekSA AMvale kI sthuultaa|' ___saMsthAnaH-saMsthAna (AkRti) paryAya do prakAra kA hotA hai- (1) itthaMlakSaNa aura (3) anitthNlkssnn| itthaMlakSaNa:-jisako paribhASita kiyA jA sake jaise gola, tikonA, caukonA, lambA, caur3A aadi| anitthaMlakSaNaH-jisako paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA ske| jaise bAdala kI AkRti aadi| bheda paryAyaH-bheda arthAt vibhaajn| yaha skaMdha ke TUTane se banatI hai| yaha chaH prakAra kI hotI hai, utkara, cUrNa, khaNDa, cUrNikA, pratara aura annucttnn| utkaraH-karoMta Adi se lakar3I Adi ko jo cIrA jAtA hai, vaha utkara hai| cUrNaH-jau, geMhu Adi kA sattu kanaka Adi jo banAyA jAtA hai, vaha cUrNa hai| khaMDa:-ghaTa Adi ke jo kapAla aura zarkarA Adi TukaDe hote haiM, khaMDa hai| cUrNikAH-ur3ada aura mUMga Adi ke jo khaNDa kie jAte haiM, ve cUrNikA hai| prataraH-bAdala ke bikhara-bikhara kara alaga-alaga jo paTala bana jAte haiM, vaha pratara kahalAtA hai| aNucaTaNaH-tapAye hue lohe ke gole Adi ko ghana Adi se pITane para jo phulaMge nikalate haiM vaha anucaraNa hai|' ___ adhaMkAra paryAyaH-dRSTi kA pratibaMdhakartA aMdhakAra hai| dIpaka usa aMdhakAra ko haTAne vAlA hone ke kAraNa prakAzaka hotA hai|' 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 10-11 488 evaM sa. si. 5.24 572 2. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 12.13 488-89 3. sa. si. 5.24 573 4. ta. rA.vA. 5.24 15.489 197 ___ 2010_03

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kucha dArzanika aMdhakAra ko pudgala kI paryAya na mAnakara prakAza kA abhAva kahate haiM aura usake cAra kAraNa batAte haiM: ( 1 ) kyoMki isameM kaThora avayava nahIM hai| ( 2 ) kyoMki yaha apratighAtI hai| ( 3 ) kyoMki isameM sparza kA abhAva hai| (4) isameM khaNDita avayavIrUpa dravya vibhAga kI pratIti nahIM hotI / paraMtu jaina darzana inakA khaNDana karate hue kahatA hai ki aMdhakAra bhI prakAza kI taraha cakSu kA viSaya hai| prakAza ke paramANu hI aMdhakAra ke paryAya meM pariNata hote haiN| yaha bhI dRSTigata hotA hai, ataH sparzavAn hai kyoMki sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa meM se kisI eka ke rahane para bAkI ke tIna guNa usameM avazya rahate haiN| yahI pudgala kA lakSaNa bhI hai| ataH prakAza aura aMdhakAra meM kisI prakAra kA aMtara nahIM hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki dIpaka ke paramANu aMdhakAra paryAya (visadRza ) meM kaise pariNata ho sakate haiM? nimnalikhita udAharaNa se isa prazna kA samAdhAna ho jaayegaa| prakAzavAn agni se gIle iMdhana ke sahayoga se aprakAzavAn dhue~ kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH yaha niyama nahIM ho sakatA ki sadRza se sadRza kArya hI utpanna ho / amuka sAmagrI milane para visadRza kArya bhI utpanna hote haiN| ' vijJAna ne bhI aMdhakAra ko prakAza kI taraha svataMtra padArtha mAnA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra aMdhakAra meM bhI upastu rakta tApa kiraNoM ke sadbhAva haiM jinameM billI aura ullU kI A~kheM tathA kucha viziSTa acitrIya' paTa (Photographic Plates ) prabhAvita hote haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki aMdhakAra kA astitva dRzya prakAza se (visible light ) se pRthak hai| chAyAH - prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai|" prakAza patha meM apAradarzaka kAryoM (Opeque bodies) kA A jAnA AvaraNa kahalAtA hai| chAyA aMdhakAra kI koTi kA hI eka rUpa hai| yaha bhI prakAza kA abhAva 1. syAdvAdamaMjarI 5.16.18 2. hajArImala smRti grantha pR. 385 3. sa. si. 5.24.572 2010_03 198

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na hokara pudgala kI paryAya hai| chAyA do prakAra kI hotI hai| darpaNa Adi svaccha dravyoM meM Adarza ke raMga Adi kI taraha mukhAdi kA dikhanA, tadvarNa pariNata chAyA tathA dUsarI pratibimba mAtra hotI hai|' vizva meM pratyeka indriyagocara hone vAle mUrta padArtha se pratipala tadAkAra praticchAyA pratibiMba ke rUpa meM nikalatI rahatI hai aura vaha padArtha ke cAroM ora niraMtara Age bar3hatI rahatI hai| mArga meM jahA~ use avarodha milatA hai, vahA~ hI vaha dRzyamAna hotI rahatI hai| praticchAyA ke razmipatha meM darpaNoM (Mirrors) aura aNuvIkSoM (Lenses) kA A jAnA bhI eka prakAra kA AvaraNa hai| isI prakAra ke AvaraNa se vAstavika (Real) aura avAstavika Virtual) pratibimba banate haiN| aise pratibiMba do prakAra ke hote haiN| varNAdi vikAra pariNata aura pratibimba mAtrAtmakA varNAdi vikAra pariNata chAyA meM vijJAna ke vAstavika pratibimba liye jA sakate haiM, jo viparyasta (Inverted) ho jAte haiM aura jinakA parimANa (Size) badala jAtA hai| ye pratibimba prakAza razmiyoM ke vAstavika (Actually) milana se banate haiN| pratibiMbAtmaka chAyA ke antargata vijJAna ke avAstavika pratibiMba Virtual images) rakhe jA sakate haiM jinameM kevala pratibiMba hI rahatA hai| prakAza razmiyoM ke milane se ye pratibimba nahIM bnte|' Adhunika vijJAna ne aise elekTrAnika tolamApI yaMtra taiyAra kiye haiM jinakI sUkSma mApakatA akalpanIya hai, jinameM 1000 pRSThoM ke granthoM ke aMta meM bar3hAye hue eka phulasTApa, parachAI jaisI 'na kucha vajanI vastuoM ke bhAra bhI jJAta kiye jA sakate haiN| vijJAna loka kA ullekha yaha siddha karatA hai ki parachAIM padArtha hai| aura vaha itanA bhAravAna bhI hai ki use taulA jA sakatA hai| pratibiMba kabhI-kabhI mRga marIcikAoM ke rUpa meM bhI prakaTa hote haiN| garmI meM dopahara ke samaya registAna jahA~ mIloM taka pAnI kA nAmonizAna nahIM hotA, vahA~ pAnI se bhare jalAzaya dikhate haiN| mRga apanI pyAsa bujhAne jAtA hai, para use vahA~ pAnI nahIM miltaa| vaha dUsarI jagaha jAtA hai, jahA~ use 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 16., 17.489 2. sa. si. 5.24 572 3. muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha pR. 385 4. vijJAna loka disambara 1964 pR. 42 199 ___ 2010_03

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pAnI najara AtA hai, para vahA~ bhI nahIM miltaa| vaha idhara-udhara daur3atA hai aura aMta meM tar3apa-tar3apa kara apane prANa de detA hai| isa prakAra ke sabhI dRzya jo sacamuca kucha nahIM hote, kevala dikhAyI dete haiM, use mRga marIcikA ke nAma se saMbodhita kiye jAte haiN| ye mRga marIcikA vastuoM kA astitva na hone para bhI dikhAyI denA, eka vastu hone para bhI usake aneka pratibiMba dikhanA, vastuoM kA adRzya honA Adi aneka rUpoM meM spaSTa hotI hai| ____mImAMsaka kI mAnyatA "darpaNa meM chAyA nahIM par3atI, paraMtu netra kI kiraNeM darpaNa se TakarAkara vApasa lauTatI hai aura apane mukha ko hI dekhatI hai" ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki netra kI kiraNeM jaise darpaNa se TakarA kara mukha ko dekhatI hai, usI taraha dIvAla se TakarAkara bhI unheM mukha ko hI dekhanA caahiye| isa taraha jaba kiraNeM vApasa AtI hai to pUrvadizA kI tarapha jo mukha hai, vaha pUrvAbhimukha hI dikhanA cAhiye, pazcimAbhimukha nhiiN| mukha kI dizA badalane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai|' AtapaH-jaina darzana meM Atapa ko pudgala kI hI paryAya kahate haiN| Atapa zabda tapa dhAtu se banA huA hai, jisakA artha hai tApa yA uSNa kirnneN| sUrya kI dhUpa mAtra ko Atapa kahanA artha kA saMkoca hai| jaina darzana meM agni ko Atapa nahIM mAnA hai| dhUpa ko Atapa mAnA hai| isase bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vastu meM rahI huI uSNatA vastu yA dravya kA guNa hai aura uSNatA kA vastu se alaga astitva vastu yA dravya kA paryAya hai| Aga rUpa koyalA, lakar3I Adi iMdhana kI uSNatA koyalA Adi vastuoM kA uSNa guNa hai, Atapa yaha nahIM hai| Atapa hai Aga kI AMca jo Agneya padArthoM se bhinna ho cAroM ora phailatI hai aura jisakA anubhava Aga se dUra baiThA vyakti karatA hai| yadyapi yaha Aga se nikalI hai, phira bhI isakA astitva Aga se alaga hai, jaise sUrya se nikalI kiraNoM kA sUrya se alaga astitva hai| tApa yA dhUpa paryAya hone ke kAraNa sthAnAntarita hotI hai| jisa prakAra ilekTrona tathA proTrona eka dRSTi se padArtha hai aura dUsare 1. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 17.489 2. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 18.489 200 ___ 2010_03

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dRSTikoNa se vaidyutika taraMgoM ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai, usI prakAra prakAza vikiraNa ke saMbaMdha meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha padArtha kA taraMga rUpa hai aura padArtha ke saMbaMdha meM kaha sakate haiM ki yaha vikiraNa kA barpha kI taraha jamA huA rUpa hai|' jaina darzana meM Atapa ke liye sUrya kI dhUpa ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| vijJAna ne bhI sUrya kI dhUpa ko hI AdhAra mAnakara khoja kI hai| lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva prasiddha khagola zAstrI viliyama harzela ne eka prayoga kiyA thaa| usane sUrya kiraNoM ke eka pu~ja ko prijma dvArA jhukAkara tharmAmITara kI sahAyatA se yaha jAnA ki varNakrama meM lAlaraMga ke nIce tharmAmITara rakhA jAtA hai to vaha sabase adhika garma hotA hai| isase yaha pariNAma sAmane AyA ki sUrya se AtI adRzya kiraNeM jinheM avarakta kiraNeM kahA jAtA hai, yahI kiraNeM Atapa kI kiraNeM haiN| jisa prakAra prakAza UrjA kI taraMgeM haiM, usI prakAra avarakta kiraNeM bhI UrjA kI taraMge haiM aura Aja to isa Atapa rUpa UrjA kA upayoga bahuta kAryoM meM hone lagA hai| jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita Atapa pudgala haiN| phoTo khIMcakara vijJAna ne pramANita kara diyA ki Atapa padArtha hai| kyoMki phoTo padArtha kA hI khIMcA jAtA hai zUnya kA nhiiN| tApacitra lene ke kemare bhI taiyAra ho gaye haiN| inheM tharmogrApha kahA jAtA hai| tApa yadi padArtha na hotA to isakA citra lenA asaMbhava thaa| - tApacitra ke upayoga se stana kaiMsara ko, bhUmi meM chipI gaisoM ko, iMjana ko khole yA baMda kiye binA hI usakI kharAbiyoM ko DhU~r3hA jA sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki Aja Atapa yA tApa kI kiraNoM ko grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA aneka kAryoM meM usakA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| vijJAna ke isa prayogAtmaka prastutIkaraNa se aba sAmAnya buddhijIvI bhI yaha samajhane laga gayA ki vAstava meM Atapa pudgala kI hI paryAya hai| akalaMka ne Atapa kI vyAkhyA kI "asAtAvedanIya ke udaya se jo apane 1. navanIta disambara 1955 pR. 32 201 ___ 2010_03

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svarUpa ko tapatA hai yA jisake dvArA tapAyA jAtA hai yA AtapamAtra ko Atapa kahate haiN|" udyotaH-jo nivAraNa ko udyotita karatA hai yA jisake dvArA udyotita karatA hai yA udyotanamAtra ko udyota kahate haiN| candra, maNi, juganU Adi ke prakAza ko udyota kahate haiN| prabhA, udyota, prakAza ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda hai| vartamAna meM vijJAna ne prakAza saMbaMdhI paryApta anveSaNa kiye haiN| sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa khoja hai lesara kirnne| lesara razmiyA~ prakAza kA ghanIbhUta rUpa hai| lesara razmiyoM kI zakti ke saMbaMdha meM anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki eka varga seMTImITara prakAzIya kSetraphala meM sATha karor3a vaoNTa kI zakti chipI huI hai| sArI zakti ko laiMsa dvArA jaba eka seMTImITara meM ghanIbhUta kara diyA jAtA hai to usase nikalane vAlI razmiyA~ kSaNa bhara meM moTI se moTI ispAta kI cAdaroM ko galAkara bheda detI hai| lesara kiraNoM ke kitane hI upayoga haiN| kisI bhI sthAna para ina kiraNoM se nyUnatama moTAI kA surAkha karanA itanA hI sarala hai jitanA ki rAiphala kI golI kA makkhana kI DalI meM se niklnaa| ina kiraNoM se iMca ke daza hajAraveM bhAga taka laghu chidra karanA saMbhava hai| kSaNa bhara meM kaThora dhAtu ko lesara kiraNoM se pighalAyA jA sakatA hai| do yA adhika dhAtuoM ko pighalAkara unheM jor3ane kI kriyA sekaMDoM meM pUrI kI jA sakatI hai| A~khoM ke pIche lage parade (reTInA) ke apane sthAna se haTa jAne se AdamI aMdhA ho jAtA hai| isakA pahale koI upacAra nahIM thaa| aba lesara kiraNoM se reTinA ko pighalA kara. use apane sthAna para jamA kara bar3I hI saralatA se velDiMga kiyA jA sakatA haiN| mAnava zarIra meM bhI lesara kiraNoM se binA cIraphAr3a kiye zalya cikitsA saMbhava hai| yadi ina kiraNoM ko pRthvI para eka sthAna-se-dUsare-sthAna para pheMkane 1.ta.ga.vA. 5.24.1.485 2. na. ga. vA. 5.24.1. 485 3. ta. ga. vA. 5.24 19.489 202 ___ 2010_03

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kA prayatna kiyA jAya to kAzmIra meM sthita upakaraNa se nikalane vAlI lesara kiraNeM kanyAkumArI meM rakhI paMtIlI meM cAya ubAla sakatI hai| eka gatimAna yAna ko pRthvI se hI lesara kiraNoM dvArA zakti pahu~cAyI jA sakatI hai, jaise koI upagraha gati maMda hone ke kAraNa nIce girane lage to lesara kiraNoM ke dabAva se apanI kakSA meM sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| lesara kI eka ghar3I banAI hai, jo aMdhoM ko mArga darzana de sakatI hai| ghar3I kI noka se lesara kiraNeM nikalegI aura mArga meM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI vastuoM se TakarAkara punaH upakaraNa meM lauTa aayeNgii| lauTI huI kiraNa dvArA rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI vastuoM kA jJAna thapakI dvArA aMdhe kI hathelI para AyegA, jisase vaha jAna sake ki udhara jAnA ThIka nhiiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne prakAza ko padArtha ke sAtha bhAravAna bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| prakAza vizeSajJoM kA kathana hai "sUrya ke prakAza vikiraNa kA eka nizcita vajana hotA hai, jise Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne ThIka taraha se nApa liyA hai| pratyakSa meM yaha vajana bahuta kama hotA hai| pUrI eka zatAbdi meM pRthvI ke eka mIla ke ghere meM sUrya ke prakAza kA jo cApa par3atA hai, usakA vajana eka sekaNDa ke pacAsaveM bhAga meM hone vAlI mUsalAdhAra varSA ke cApa ke barAbara hai| yaha vajana itanA kama isaliye lagatA hai ki virAT vizva meM eka mIla kA kSetra nagaNya se bhI nagaNya hai| yadi sUrya ke prakAza ke pUre cApa kA vajana liyA jAya to vaha prati miniTa 25,00,00,000 Tana nikalatA hai| yaha eka miniTa kA hisAba hai| ghaNTA, dina, mAsa, varSa, saikar3oM, hajAroM, lAkhoM, karor3oM, araboM varSoM kA hisAba lagAiye, taba patA calegA ki prakAza vikiraNa ke cApa kA vajana kyA mahatva rakhatA hai / ' vijJAna dvArA puSTa jaina darzana meM svIkRta prakAza bhAravAna aura pudgala hai| pudgala ke chaH bhedaH - niyamasAra meM kuMdakuMda ne evaM gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM pudgala ke chaH bheda batAye haiM- atisthUla, sthUla, sthUlasUkSma, sUkSmasthUla, sUkSma aura ati sUkSma / ' ( 1 ) atisthUlaH - jo skaMdha TUTa kara punaH jur3a nahIM sake ve atisthUla haiM 1. navanIta disambara 1955 pR. 29. 2. niyamasAra gA. 21 2010_03 203

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jaise pRthvI, parvata aadi|' (2) sthUlaH-jo skaMdha pRthak-pRthak hokara punaH mila sake, ve sthUla kahalAte haiM, jaise ghI, jala, tela aadi|' (3) sthUla sUkSma-yaha skaMdha dekhane meM Ate ho, paraMtu bhede nahIM jA sakate yA hAtha Adi se grahaNa nahIM kiye jA sakate ve, sthUlasUkSma haiM, jaise prakAza, chAyA, aMdhakAra aadi|' (4) sUkSmasthUla-cAra indriyoM se (cakSurindriya ke atirikta) jinake viSayoM ko grahaNa kiyA jA sake, paraMtu jinakA svarUpa dikhAyI de, vaha sUkSma sthUla hai, jaise zabda, rasa, gandha, sprsh|' (5) sUkSma-jinakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sake arthAta jo indriyoM se agocara hai, ve sUkSma haiM-jaise karmavargaNA aadi|' (6) sUkSmasUkSma-ye atyaMta sUkSma skaMdha, jo karmavargaNA se bhI choTe dvayaNuka paryaMta pudgala hote haiM, inako bhI indriyoM se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, sUkSma sUkSma kahalAte haiN| pudgala pariNamana-ThANAMga meM pudgala pariNamana ke tIna kAraNa spaSTa kiye gaye haiM:(1) prayoga pariNata-kisI bhI jIva dravya dvArA gRhIta pudgala, jaise jIva zarIra aadi| (2) mizra pariNata-jIva ke prayoga tathA svAbhAvika rUpa se pariNata pudgala jaise mRta shriir| (3) vinasA pariNata-jinakA pariNamana yA rUpAntaraNa svabhAva se hI ho jAtA hai-jaise bAdala, ulkApAta aadi|' 1. niyamamAra gA. 22 pUrvArddha 2. niyamasAra gA. 22 uttarArddha 3. niyamasAra gA. 23 pUrvArddha 4. niyamamAra gA. 23 uttarArdha 5. niyamasAra gA. 24 pUrvArddha 6. niyamasAra 23 uttarArdha 7. ThANAMga 3.401 204 2010_03

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pudgala ke prakAra-pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM (ka) jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye hue, (kha) aura grahaNa nahIM kiye hue pudgl|' pudgala dravya ke eka apekSA se 23 bheda bhI hote haiN| ina 23 bhedoM meM mukhya ATha bheda haiN| ina bhedoM ko vargaNA bhI kahate haiM-audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa, zvAsa, vacana aura mn| audArika-pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati inake dvArA audArika zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| vaikriya-isakA saMskRta meM vaikurvika rUpa hotA hai| isakA artha hai vividha kriyaa| viziSTa kriyA ko karane meM sakSama vikriyA hai| usa vikriyA ko karane vAlA vaikriya zarIra hai| isa zarIra ke pudgala mRtyu ke pazcAt kapUra kI taraha ur3a jAte haiN| AhAraka-viziSTa yogazakti saMpanna caudaha pUrvadhArI muni kisI viziSTa prayojana vizeSa se jisa zarIra kI saMracanA karate hai, vaha AhAraka zarIra hai| taijasa-jo dIpti kA kAraNa hai aura jisameM AhAra pacAne kI kSamatA yA sAmarthya hotI hai, vaha taijasa zarIra hai| isa zarIra ke aMgopAMga nahIM hote| tInoM zarIroM meM yaha zarIra adhika sUkSma hotA hai| kArmaNa-jo zarIra cAroM zarIra ke nirmANa kA kAraNa hai aura jisa zarIra kA nirmANa jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra ke karma pudgaloM se hotA hai, vaha kArmaNa zarIra hai| taijasa aura kArmaNa saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hI hai| ina donoM zarIroM ke chUTate hI AtmA zuddha bana jAtI hai|' zvAsocchvAsa-yaha zvAsa lene aura nikAlane yogya pudgala samUha hai| bhASA-zabda bhI (vacana) pudgala kI hI paryAya hai kyoMki bolate samaya bhASA kA bhedana-bikharAva hotA hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI hai-satya, asatya, mizra aura vyavahAra bhaassaa| 1. ThANAMga 2.232 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 593.94 3. prajJApanA 12.901 4. bhagavatI 13.77.9 205 2010_03

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mana-mana bhI pudgala kA samUha hai| yaha manana karate samaya hI mana kahalAtA hai| mana AtmA nahIM hai, ata: pudgala hai| mana kA bhedana hotA hai, ataH pudgala hai| mana cAra prakAra kA hai-satyamana, asatyamana, mizra mana, vyavahAra mn|' pudgala kA svabhAva catuSTayaH-pudgala kA vizada paricaya prApta karane ke liye use cAra dRSTikoNoM se vizleSita kiyA gayA hai-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| dravya kI apekSA anaMta dravya hai| kSetra kI apekSA lokapramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA zAzvata hai (paramANu kI apekSA) aura bhAva kI apekSA varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza se yukta haiM aura guNa kI apekSA grahaNa guNa kI yogyatA vAlA hai|' jinendravarNI ne ise aura jyAdA spaSTa kiyA hai| svabhAva ko dhAraNa karane vAle jo bhI hai, use dravya kahate haiN| usake AkAra ko kSetra kahate haiN| usake avasthAna ko kAla kahate haiM tathA usake dharma aura guNa ko bhAva kahate haiN| svadravya kI apekSA sAmAnya rUpa se pudgala dravya eka hai, paraMtu pradezAtmaka paramANu anaMtAnaMta hai| eka bAlAgra sthAna para anaMtAnaMta paramANu rahate haiN| svakSetra kI apekSA sAmAnya rUpa se paramANu eka pradezI hai, paraMtu vizeSa rUpa se choTe-bar3e AkAroM ko dhAraNa karane vAle skaMdha aneka prakAra ke haiM, kucha saMkhyAta, kucha asaMkhyAta aura kucha anaMtapradeSI haiN| svakAla kI apekSA pudgala anitya haiM kyoMki ve utpAda, vinAza karate rahate haiN| svabhAva kI apekSA pudgala mUrtika hai, indriyagocara haiN| guNa kI apekSA pudgala meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, tathA sparza pAye jAte haiN| pudgala ke upakAraH-samArI jIva pudgala ke abhAva meM raha hI nahIM skte| unakI samagratA pudgala dvArA hI saMpanna hotI hai| hamArA zarIra (jisakA vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai) pudgala kI hI dena hai| bhASA, mana, prANa, apAna Adi saba pudgala kA hI upakAra hai|' jIvana meM prApta sukha, duHkha, jIvana, maraNa Adi samasta pudgala ke hI 1. bhagavatI 13.7 10-14 2. ThANAMga 5.174 3. jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna pR. 163.64 206 2010_03

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upakAra hai, jaise anucara mAlika kI AjJA mAnane ko majabUra hai vaise hI pudgala dvArA nirmita indriya Adi jIva kI AjJA mAnate hI haiN|' hamane isa adhyAya meM pudgala kA vistRta vivecana kiyaa| aba prazna uThatA hai ki pudgala ko jAnane kA prayojana kyA hai? mukhya tatva to do hI haiM-jIva aura ajiiv| jaba taka jIva ajIva ke svarUpa, svabhAva, aura prakRti ko nahIM samajha legA taba taka vaha ajIva se mukta hone kA na to prayAsa kara sakegA aura na mukti kI ruci paidA hogii| pudgala kA citra, vicitra raMga biraMgA AkarSaNa jIva ko mugdha karatA rhegaa| jIva isa AkarSaNa se mukti hetu tabhI puruSArtha karegA, jaba use heya aura upAdeya kA samyak jJAna ho jaayegaa| vastu svarUpa ko jAnakara hI jIva heya (tyAjya) kA tyAga evaM upAdeya (grAhya) ko svIkAra kara skegaa| isa paMcAstikAya ke svarUpa ko jAnakara jo rAgadveSa ko chor3atA hai, vahI mukta hotA hai| jaina darzana kA lakSyaH-jaina darzana mAtra vivecanAtmaka darzana hI nahIM hai, vaha upayogI siddhAMtoM ke pratipAdana dvArA AcaraNa yogya bhI hai| jaina darzana kA aMtima lakSya mokSa hai aura usI mukti kI prApti meM avarodhoM ko jAnane kA aura AcaraNa kA upadeza jaina dArzanikoM ne diyA hai|' SaDdravya ko bhI isIliye samajhanA caahiye| jIva aura pudgala kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai, para use samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura zuddha AtmasvabhAva prakaTa ho sakatA hai|' / . ta mU. 5.20 2. pa. kA. 103 }. "Athavo bhavahetuH syAt ...prapaJcanay" sarvadarzana saMgraha pR. 4.39 4. rA. vA. 5.19 29.472 207 2010_03

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upasaMhAra jaina darzana ke sabhI siddhAMtoM meM syAdvAda zailI spaSTa najara AtI hai| praznoM ko syAdvAda ke antargata samAhita karane ke prayAsa meM jaina darzana ko yadyapi saMzayavAda ke AropoM se gherA gayA, para gaharAI meM jAkara agara syAdvAda ko samajheM to yaha prAMti nirarthaka aura nirmUla sAbita hogii| vastu tatva kI mImAMsA bhI jaina darzana meM bhedAbheda kI apekSA se huI hai| hama apane vyavahAra meM bhI padArtha kA ekAMta svarUpa svIkAra nahIM kara skte| padArtha kA vAstavika svarUpa hI kucha isa prakAra kA hai ki agara usake anya dharmoM kA sarvathA viccheda karake mAtra eka hI dharma ko mukhya aura satya mAna leM to vyavahAra bhI khaMDahara ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke sAmane bhI yaha kaThinAI khar3I ho jAtI agara vaha padArtha kA ekAMgI svarUpa svIkAra karatA kyoMki ekAMgI svabhAva meM yA to anAtmavAda rahegA yA shaashvtvaad| padArtha mAtra zAzvata hai to cAroM ora parivartana kyoM dikha rahA hai? hamAre svayaM ke aMtarmana meM panapate, badalate bhAvoM ko hama mahasUsa karate haiN| bAhya jagata meM hamAre atyaMta samIpa zarIra kI avasthAoM meM pratipala parivartana hotA hai, phira bhI zarIra ke parivartana meM koI aisA zAzvata aura akampa tattva avazya hai jisake AdhAra para parivartana kI saMbhAvyatA hai aura yahI azAzvata ke madhya zAzvata jaina darzana kA vastu svarUpa hai jise "tattva kyA hai? gautama svAmI ke prazna para mahAvIra prabhu ne "uvagameI vA, vigameI vA dhuveI vA" kahA thA jo darzana meM tripadI ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| maiMne apane isa zodha prabaMdha meM isI utpanna, vinAza aura dhauvya ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa ko vivecita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 208 2010_03

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hamArI sRSTi dvandvAtmaka hai| cetana aura acetana ina donoM kA svataMtra astitva hai aura ise jaina darzana ne SaDdravyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| inhIM SaDdravyoM kA satata parivartana saMsAra kI vyavasthA ko saMtulita rakhatA hai| agara mAtra zAzvatavAda para hamArI zraddhA sthira hotI to spaSTa dRSTigata ho rahe parivartana ko kyA kahate? ise mAtra mithyA yA asatya kahakara nakAranA kaise ucita hotA? jo cIja spaSTataH indriyagrAhya bana rahI hai, use mAtra mithyA mAnakara usakA astitva kaise uDAyA jA sakatA hai? agara sArA jagat mithyA hai to samyak kucha bhI nahIM rhegaa| ___ jaina darzana ne ise mithyA kahane kI bajAya AtmabhAva ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko para padArtha kahakara usake astitva ko svIkRti pradAna kii| para dravyoM meM jaba taka Atma buddhi hai, taba taka saMsAra hai aura jyohi yaha AtmabhAva samApta huA, jaina darzana ke anusAra mukti hai| para dravya ko hama mithyA yA asat nahIM kaha skte| unakA apanA astitva hai| mAtra azAzvata ko svIkAra karate to bhI vahI dArzanika samasyA thii| agara mAtra parivartana hI parivartana rahe to karttA kise kaheM? kAraNa aura kArya meM upAdAna aura upadeya bhAva bhI kaise banegA? yadi upAdAna kAraNa sarvathA kSaNika hai to kAryakAla taka sthira nahIM rahegA aura kAryotpatti ke eka kSaNa pUrva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai to jisa prakAra do ghaNTA athavA do dina pahale naSTa huA kAraNa kAryotpatti meM nimitta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra eka kSaNa pUrva bhI naSTa huA kAraNa kAryotpatti meM nimita nahIM bntaa| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki sat aura asat donoM bhAvoM kA samanvaya hI vastu ke vivecana meM sahAyaka hai| sat aura asat ko virodhI nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki ina donoM kA sadbhAva eka dRSTi se nahIM hai| sat bhI apekSA se hai, asat bhI apekSA se hai| sat dravya kI apekSA se hai aura asat paryAya kI dRSTi se hai| upaniSad ke sat se jaina darzana ke sat kI tulanA kucha apekSA se tarkasaMgata nahIM jAna par3atI kyoMki upaniSad kA sat brahma bhI banatA hai aura sAtha hI svayaM to vyavasthApaka ke rUpa meM satyasvarUpI rahatA hI hai va apanI sRSTi 209 ___ 2010_03

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ko mAyA yA asatya ke rUpa meM svIkRti detA hai| yaha nyAya aura yuktiyukta kaise hai ? upaniSad ke aMza kI tulanA eka apekSA se arthAt AtmA paramAtmA ke dRSTikoNa se kI jA sakatI hai| paramAtmA pUrNa hai, AtmA apuurnn| usakI maMjila kA prAraMbha nigoda se hai, para aMta paramAtmA yA sarvajJatA meM hai, paraMtu vaha kisI dvArA sarjita nahIM hai, aMza apUrNatA kI apekSA se hai| sAMkhya ne puruSa ko bhoktA to svIkAra kiyA, para karttA nahIM / dvaitavAdI sAMkhya ke puruSa kI tulanA jaina darzana ke sarvajJa se kI jA sakatI hai aura nahIM bhii| sAMkhya kA puruSa vikAra rahita zuddha svarUpI hai, para sAtha hI vaha indriyoM ke viSaya kA bhoktA hai to karttA kauna hai ? agara karttA indriyAM yA prakRti mAtra hai to ina donoM kA saMyoga kyoM aura kisane kiyA aura kyoM indriyA~ puruSa ke liye sukha ke sAdhana upalabdha karavAtI hai? karttA bhoktA bhanna kaise saMbhava haiN| bauddha darzana AtmA ko kSaNika bhI mAnate haiM aura sAtha hI unameM mokSa kI, punarjanma kI parikalpanA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| mokSa aura punarjanma kisakA hogA kyoMki jo puruSArtha yA trividha sAdhanA kA karttA hai, vaha to dUsare hI kSaNa badala jAtA hai| upaniSad mAtra brahma ko hI satya svIkAra karake saMpUrNa saMsAra ko mithyA ghoSita karate haiM, paraMtu yaha tarka saMgata nahIM ho sakatA / brahma to cetana haiM usase acetana tatva kaise utpanna huA hogA ? brahma pUrNa sukhI AnaMdamaya hai to usI ke aMza duHkhamaya kaise saMbhava hai? kriyA pariNAma bhinna-bhinna kyoM hai? eka kI mRtyu dUsare kA janma, eka ke karma svarga yogya, dUsare ke naraka ke yogya kaise ho sakate haiM? jo saMsAra hamAre sAmane haiM, use sarvathA mithyA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai jabaki vaha vidyamAna hai, usakA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne yadyapi saMsAra ko azAzvata kahA para sarvathA nahIM, jIva aura saMsAra yA pudgala ke saMyoga kI apekSA se kahA hai, anyathA jaina darzana kI to yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki na koI nayA dravya utpanna hotA hai, na purAnA nsstt| kucha dArzanika AtmA 210 2010_03

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ko kUTastha-nitya mAnate haiM, kucha AtmA ko bhoktA, kucha bhUtacatuSTaya ko hI cetana mAnate haiM, paraMtu jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai| jaina darzana mukhya do tattva mAnatA hai- cetana aura acetn| acetana ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA aura isa prakAra jaina darzana kI saMpUrNa sRSTi chaH dravyoM ke antargata samAviSTa ho jAtI hai| jaina darzana kI dravya viSayaka vyAkhyA ke anusAra jo mUla svabhAva kA tyAga kiye binA utpAda vinAza kare vaha dravya hai, jaise jIva kA svabhAva hai upayoga yA cetnaa| jIva isa svarUpa se kabhI alaga nahIM hotaa| vaha cetanA abhivyakta ho yA nahIM yA anyoM ke anubhava meM Aye yA nahIM para nyUnAdhika rUpa se rahatI avazya hai| jIva kI paryAya badalatI hai, kabhI vaha nArakI hotA hai to kabhI deva aura kabhI manuSya paraMtu rahegA to jIva hI, ajIva nahIM hogaa| vyaya aura utpAda to vastu ke donoM anivArya sire haiN| jahA~ utpAda hai, vahA~ vyaya bhI avazya hai, jahA~ vyaya hai, vahA~ utpAda bhI avshy| hama dravya ko dekha nahIM pAte, hama usakI paryAya mAtra dekhate haiN| hamArA sArA jJAna paryAya kA jJAna hai| dravya avyakta hotA hai, paryAya vykt| hama AkRti paryAya dekhakara taya karate haiM, ki yaha manuSya hai| hama apanI A~kha se usakA rUpa dekha sakate haiM, kAna se zabda sunakara nirNaya kara sakate haiN| usakI AkRti, usake zabda ye saba paryAya hai| isa zabda aura svarUpa kA kAraNa usakI AtmA to avyakta hai aura usa AtmA kI aisI eka nahIM aneka paryAyeM bhUta evaM bhaviSyata kAla meM ho cukI haiM, paraMtu vaha AtmA vaisA hI rhaa| paryAya ke parivartana se AtmA kA parivartana jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| isa utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya ke svarUpa ke spaSTIkaraNa meM jaina darzana kA syAdvAda siddhAMta atyaMta upayogI siddha haa| agara syAdvAda ko nahIM apanAyA hotA to jaina darzana bhI unhIM AropoM aura doSoM se ghira jAtA jo ekAMtavAdI darzanoM meM aae| mahAvIra ne syAdvAda ke AdhAra para hI sArI vyAkhyAeM diiN| unase pUchAAtmA nitya hai yA anitya? mahAvIra ne kahA-astitva kI dRSTi se nitya hai aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anity| isa syAdvAda ke kAraNa jaina darzana kI AtmA 211 2010_03

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kI kartA bhoktA kI vyAkhyA bhI siddha ho gayI aura astitva kI anivArya zarta pariNamana kI samasyA bhI hala ho gyii| arthakriyAkAritva tabhI ghaTita hogA jaba vastu nityAnitya hogii| _agara hama nitya vastu meM arthakriyAkAritva svIkAra kara leM to prazna hogA ki vaha arthakriyA krama se hogI yA akrama se? agara hama yaha mAneM ki krama se hogI to yaha tarka saMgata nahIM lagegA kyoMki jaba vastu samartha hai to vaha eka hI kSaNa arthakriyA kyoM nahIM kara legI? jaba vaha samartha hai to kAla athavA anya sahakArI kAraNoM kA iMtajAra kyoM karegI? agara iMtajAra karatI haiM to usakA sAmarthya Ahata hotA hai| agara hama yaha mAna leM ki jisa prakAra samartha hote hue bhI bIja pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi ke sahayoga se hI aMkura ko utpanna karatA hai anyathA nahIM, isI prakAra nitya padArtha samartha hote hue bhI sahayogI kAraNoM ke binA arthakriyA nahIM krtaa| to phira prazna uThegA ki vaha sahakArI kAraNa nitya padArtha kA kucha upakAra karate haiM yA nahIM? yadi upakAra karate haiM to yaha upakAra padArtha se bhinna haiM yA abhinna hai?yadi vaha sahakArI kAraNa abhinna hai to nitya padArtha hI arthakriyA karatA hai| agara sahakArI nitya padArtha se bhinna haiM to prazna hotA hai ki sahakArI kAraNa aura padArtha meM kyA saMbaMdha hotA hai? ina donoM meM saMyoga saMbaMdha bana nahIM sakatA kyoMki saMyoga saMbaMdha do dravyoM meM hotA hai jabaki eka dravya hai, eka kriyA hai| na samavAya saMbaMdha bana sakatA hai kyoMki vaha to eka hai aura vyApaka hai| agara samavAya saMbaMdha svIkAra kareMge to phira nitya padArtha aura arthakriyA kI bhinnatA bhI nahIM rhegii| ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki arthakriyA nitya padArtha meM krama se to saMbhava nahIM hai| aba agara yaha kaheM ki krama se na hokara nitya padArtha meM arthakriyA akrama se hotI hai to bhI saMbhava nahIM haiM kyoMki agara eka sAtha hI arthakriyA kara lI to dUsare kSaNa meM vaha kyA kregaa|? ata: yaha saMbhava hI nahIM hai ki nitya padArtha arthakriyA kreN| agara sAMkhya ke nityavAda meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai to kyA bauddha ke kSaNika padArtha meM 212 2010_03

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arthakriyA saMbhava hai? yaha bhI ucita aura tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA kyoMki mAtra jisakA astitva ho vahA~ krama se arthakriyA ho nahIM sktii| deza aura kAla kA krama kSaNika padArtha meM saMbhava hI nahIM hai| agara yaha kahA jAya ki saMtAna kI apekSA pUrva aura uttara kSaNa meM krama saMbhava ho sakatA hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki saMtAna koI vastu nahIM hai| yadi saMtAna ko vastu svIkAra kiyA jAya to saMtAna kSaNika hai yA akSaNika / saMtAna ko kSaNika mAnane para saMtAna meM kSaNika padArthoM se koI vizeSatA nahIM hogI / akrama se bhI arthakriyA kSaNika padArtha meM saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki jaba bauddha loga niraMza padArtha se aneka kAryoM kI utpatti mAnate haiM to phira nitya padArtha meM krama se aneka kAryoM kI utpatti meM kyoM doSa dete haiM ? ataH kSaNika padArtha meM akrama se bhI arthakriyAkAritva siddha nahIM ho sakatA; aura ekAMta anitya padArtha meM krama vyApakoM kI nivRtti hone se vyApta arthakriyA bhI nahIM bana sakatI / arthakriyA ke abhAva meM kSaNika padArtha meM astitva kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana nityAnityatva kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa ina dUSaNoM se surakSita haiM kyoMki jaina darzana to pratyeka padArtha ko utpAda vyaya yukta padArtha kI dRSTi se aura dravya kI dRSTi se svIkAra karatA hai cAhe vaha jar3a ho yA cetana / yaha nityAnitya bhI pratikSaNa hotA hai| agara bAhya nimitta mile to unase anyathA svayaM aMtaraMga rUpa se pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| jaina darzana ne nitya kA lakSaNa anutpanna, apratyuta aura sthira rUpa na svIkAra kara dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhruva svIkAra kiyA aura usane nitya kA lakSaNa diyA- apane svarUpa kA nAza jo nahIM hotaa| pudgala aura AtmA kA hI pariNamana svIkAra nahIM kiyA, apitu dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya kA bhI pariNamana svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi unakA svAbhAvika pariNamana hI svIkArya hai, kyoMki inakA vaibhAvika pariNamana saMbhava nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgala meM bhI jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha sarvathA vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hotaa| isa parivartana meM jo samAnatA hotI hai, vaha dravya hai aura jo asamAnatA hai, vaha paryAya hai / dravya meM utpAda kI sthiti hone para bhI usakI svarUpa hAni kabhI nahIM hotii| 213 2010_03

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jisa dravyAkSaratvavAda kI sthApanA 1989 meM Lowoisier (lAojiyara) vaijJAnika ne kI, usakI tulanA agara hama jaina darzana ke dravya svarUpa se kareM to koI anucita nahIM hogaa| kyoMki isa siddhAMta ke anusAra bhI anaMta vizva meM dravya kA pariNamana hotA hai, para dravya kA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotaa| koyalA jalakara rAkha huaa| hamane vyavahAra kI bhASA meM kaha diyA- koyalA jala kara naSTa ho gayA paraMtu gaharAI meM vaha naSTa nahIM huA, apitu vAyumaMDala ke oNksIjana ke aMza ke sAtha milakara kArvonika esiDa gesa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyau| ise jaina darzana pariNAmI nityavAda bhI kahatA hai| isI pariNAmI nityavAda kI AdhArazilA se jaina darzana ke ciMtana kA mahala taiyAra huA hai| sAMkhya bhI pariNamana svIkAra karatA hai, para mAtra prakRti kA, puruSa kA nhiiN| naiyAyika, vaizeSika AtmA ko nitya tathA ghaTa paTa ko anitya mAnate haiM, paraMtu jaina darzana to saMpUrNa dravya mAtra kA pratikSaNa pariNamana svIkAra karatA hai| agara hama ise yoM kaheM ki jaina darzana kahIM vastu meM svabhAva aura vibhAva donoM kI svIkRti detA hai| svabhAva para nirapekSa hai aura vibhAva prsaapekss| AtmA jaba parasApekSa hai arthAt vibhAva dazA meM haiM taba taka saMsAra hai, jyohi para nirapekSa banA vaha zuddha svarUpI banakara aMtima maMjila prApta kara letA hai| . AtmA ke svataMtra svarUpa kI jo vyAkhyA jaina darzana prastuta kara pAyA hai, vaha kisI anya darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hotI kyoMki upaniSada ne eka hI brahma kI kalpanA kI hai to sAMkhya ne mAtra puruSa ko bhoktA ke rUpa meM hI svIkRti dI hai aura bauddha AtmA ko kSaNika mAnatA hai aura ina sabhI ekAMtavAdI mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa aneka jijJAsAe~ ubharatI haiM, paraMtu samAdhAna kA abhAva rahatA hai| jaina darzana jJAna aura darzana donoM se yukta ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai, jabaki vaizeSika kI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna AgaMtuka guNa hai aura AtmA se sarvathA bhinna hai| jJAna aura AtmA kA saMbaMdha samavAya se banatA hai| AtmA svayaM jaDa hai| usake anusAra agara jJAna aura AtmA ko eka hI mAnA jAe to mukti meM jaba AtmA ke vizeSa guNa buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayala, dharma, adharma, 214 ___ 2010_03

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aura saMskAra Adi ke samApta hone para AtmA kA bhI abhAva honA cAhiye kyoMki jaina mata inakA vinAza hI mukti mAnatA hai, parantu vaizeSikoM kA yaha tarka ucita nahIM hai| sarvaprathama to jJAna aura AtmA meM samavAya saMbaMdha kaise banatA hai? samavAya to eka hI hai aura vyApaka bhI! agara yaha mAne ki jJAna aura AtmA meM samavAya dUsare samavAya se rahatA hai to isa prakAra samavAyoM kI anaMta zrRMkhalA mAnanI hogI aura anaMta samavAya mAnane se anavasthA doSa aaegaa| yadi yaha soceM ki samavAya meM samavAyAMtara mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha apane Apa hI rahatA hai to jJAna aura AtmA meM bhI vaha apane Apa raha legaa| vaizeSika ise spaSTa karane ke liye dIpaka kA udAharaNa dete haiM ki dIpaka kA sva para prakAzaka svabhAva hai, parantu dIpaka kA dRSTAMta ghaTita nahIM hotA kyoMki dIpaka dravya hai aura prakAza usakA dharma hai jabaki vaizeSika to dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiN| ataH yaha mAnanA hI yuktiyukta hai ki jJAna AtmA kA AgaMtuka guNa nahIM, svAbhAvika guNa hai| guNa aura paryAya hI sat kA lakSaNa hai| SaD dravyoM kA bhinna bhinna nirUpaNa jaina darzana ne sRSTi ko cha: padArthoM meM samAhita kiyA hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya jaina darzana kI apanI maulika dhAraNA hai| inake saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana ke atirikta kisI bhI darzana ne na to dhAraNA banAyI aura na siddhi kii| madhyayugIna vijJAna dharmAstikAya ko yadyapi "Ithara" ke nAma se astitva meM lAyA thA, parantu vartamAna ke vijJAna ne Ithara kA nirasana kara diyA hai| yadi dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kA astitva nahIM hotA to padArthoM kI saMtulita vyavasthA nahIM hotI aura usake abhAva meM yA to padArtha anaMta meM bhaTakate rahate yA mAtra sthiti hI rhtii| phira jIva aura pudgala kI mokSa taka hI na to gati rahatI aura na sthiti hii| loka aura aloka kA jo vibhAjana hai, vaha bhI ina donoM dravyoM ke kAraNa hI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa samajhanA cAhiye ki ye donoM udAsIna sahAyaka hai| 215 2010_03

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yaha nahIM ki jIva aura pudgala ko ye jabarana gati yA sthiti hetu prerita karate haiN| ina donoM dravyoM meM pariNamana bhI zuddha hotA hai| dravya kA mUla svabhAva pariNamana hai aura isa pariNamana svabhAva ke kAraNa pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya ko dhAraNa karane kA krama anAdi kAla se satata cAlU hai aura yaha pravAha anaMtakAla taka cAlU hI rhegaa| ina donoM tatvoM ko mAnane kI anivAryatA isalie paidA huI ki kisI aise tattva kI AvazyakatA thI jo jIva aura pudgaloM ke gati aura sthiti ko niyaMtrita kre| AkAza eka amUrta, akhaNDa, aura anaMta pradezI dravya hai| usakI sattA sarvatra samAna hai, ataH usake itane pradezoM taka pudgala aura jIvoM kA gamana hai, Age nhiiN| yaha niyaMtraNa akhaNDa AkAza dravya nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki usameM pradeza bheda hone para bhI svabhAva bheda nahIM hai| jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya bhI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka nahIM bana sakate kyoMki ve to svayaM gati aura sthiti karane vAle haiN| kAla mAtra parivartana svabhAvI hai| ataH dharma aura adharma dravya ko loka aura aloka ke madhya vibhAjaka tattva kI mAnyatA dI aura use gati sthiti meM udAsIna sahAyaka dravya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyaa| AkAza dravyaH-samasta jIva-ajIva kA Azraya dAtA/sthAna dene vAlA AkAza tattva hai| jaina darzana ne AkAza kA guNa avagAha mAnA hai jabaki nyAya vaizeSika ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai, parantu zabda paudgalika indriyoM se gRhIta hai, pudgaloM se TakarAtA hai, svayaM pudgaloM ko rokatA hai aura pudgaloM se bharA jAtA hai, ataH vaha paudgalika hI ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana zabda ko pudgala kI bhASAvargaNA mAnatA hai| zabda ke Azrita dravya paramANu indriya kA viSaya hone se vAyu kI anukUlatA para dUra sthAna para khar3e zrotA taka pahu~ca jAte haiM aura vAyu kI pratikUlatA para samIpa baiThe zrotA taka bhI nahIM jA paate| ataH jisa prakAra gaMdha indriya kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa paudgalika hai, vaise hI zabda bhI indriya kA viSaya hone se paudgalika hai| Aja vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI zabda kA paudgalika svarUpa siddha ho cukA haiN| TI.vI. TelIphona, reDiyo Adi yaMtroM ke mAdhyama se zabdoM kI taraMgoM ko 216 2010_03

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pakar3anA jaina, darzana ke zabda kI pudgala vyAkhyA ko hI mAnyatA detA hai| zabda AkAza kA guNa isaliye bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki AkAza to nitya hai aura zabda anity| yadyapi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAlIna zabda bhI vijJAna dvArA kabhI na kabhI prakaTa kiyA jAyegA, parantu yaha mAnanA asaMbhava hai| vijJAna usI kArya kI kriyAnviti kara sakatA hai, jo saMbhava hai| agara vijJAna se yaha apekSA rakhI jAe ki vaha samApta hue zarIra ko punaH vaisA hI banA deM yA vyatIta huI RtuoM ko punaH AmaMtrita kare to yaha asaMbhava hogaa| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki zabda guNa nahIM, paryAya hai kyoMki vaha anitya hai| guNa isalie bhI nahIM hai ki zabda utpanna hotA hai| guNa kabhI utpanna nahIM hotaa| guNa kAlika hote haiN| nitya AkAza kA anitya zabda guNa kaise ho sakatA hai? agara zabda nitya aura sthAyI hotA to Aja sarvatra zora hI zora hotA aura bhayaMkara azAMti kA mAhaula ho jaataa| phira khAmozI yA nistabdhatA saMbhava hI nahIM thii| parantu aisA nahIM hai| isI se lagatA hai, zabda na AkAza kA guNa hai, na pudgl| kA vaha to mAtra pudgala kI azAzvata paryAya hai| zabda AkAza kA guNa isaliye bhI saMbhava nahIM hai ki AkAza amUrtika aura sthira hai| usameM kisI prakAra ke kaMpana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, jabaki zabda to sAkSAt kaMpana hai| kisI bajate hue ghaMTe para hAtha rakhakara dekheM to hameM isa bAta kA vizvAsa ho jaayegaa| jaba taka kaMpana hai, tabhI taka zabda hai| jyoMhi kaMpana rukA, zabda turaMta banda ho jaaegaa| ataH yaha tarka aura vijJAna donoM dvArA pramANita hai ki zabda pudgala kI hI kSaNika paryAya hai na ki AkAza kA gunn| zabda kaMpana ke kAraNa hotA hai| pudgala meM prakaTa hone vAlA kaMpana vAyu maMDala meM A jAtA hai aura vAyumaNDala sarvatra vidyamAna hone se usa kaMpana kA bhI sparza kara letA hai| usI vAyumaMDala kA vaha kaMpana hamAre kAnoM kA bhI sparza karatA hai, ataH jo zabda hama sunate haiM, vaha usa vAyu kA hI kaMpana hai| agara vAyu viparIta dizA meM baha rahI hai to hamako vaha zabda sunAI nahIM detA kyoMki vaha kaMpana vAyu kI dizA meM baha jAtA hai aura agara vAyu hamArI dizA meM baha rahI ho to dUra kA zabda bhI sahaja hI sunane meM A jAtA 217 2010_03

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hai, yaha bAta hamAre anubhava meM bhI aksara A jAtI hai| bAdala tathA bijalI kI kar3akar3AhaTa sahajatayA hamAre sunane meM AtI hai kyoMki vahA~ vAyu maMDala hai, parantu sUrya meM hone vAle visphoTa hama nahIM sunate kyoMki vahA~ ke vAyumaMDala aura pRthvI ke vAyumaMDala ke bIca meM bar3A aMtarAla hai arthAt sUrya ke vAyumaMDala aura pRthvI ke bIca meM bar3A aMtarAla hai| ina donoM ke bIca koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| inake madhya mAtra AkAza hai| agara zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA to sUrya meM hone vAlA visphoTa avazya sunAI detA kyoMki AkAza sarvatra hai| jaina darzana ne AkAza kA guNa zabda na mAnakara avagAhana mAnA hai| samasta padArthoM ko rahane kA sthAna denA aura kisI prakAra kI rukAvaTa na DAlanA, ise Agama bhASA meM avagAhana kahate haiN| avagAhana kA artha-mAtra itanA hI nahIM ki pRthak-pRthak padArtha apane-apane sthAna para sthita rahe, apitu avagAhana kA artha hai- padArtha cAhe jahA~ Thahara jaay| isI guNa ke kAraNa padArtha cAhe jahA~ praveza bhI pA sakatA hai aura raha bhI sakatA hai, jaise zIze meM prakAza praviSTa bhI ho jAya aura sthita bhI ho jaay| Aja ke vijJAna meM yaha prayoga siddha hai ki padArtha eka dUsare meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| eksare kI kiraNeM, cuMbaka kI kiraNeM tathA reDiyo kI vidyut taraMgeM jo ki sUkSma padArtha hai, anya padArtha meM praveza pAte hue spaSTa dekhate haiN| eksa-re zarIra meM se ArapAra ho jAtA hai aura sAmane vAlI pleTa para zarIra ke andara kA phoTo khiMca jAtA hai| reDiyo kI vidyuta taraMgeM parvatoM taka ko bhedakara dUra-dUra dezoM se hamAre pAsa calI AtI haiN| jaisA ki AkAza ke pradezoM ke vivecana meM hamane spaSTa kiyA thA ki AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM anantAnanta padArtha kaise raha sakate haiM? isakA uttara yahI hai ki anantAnanta padArtha eka dUsare meM samAkara rahate haiN| jIva to hotA hI amUrta hai aura amUrta itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ve eka dUsare meM binA TakarAye AsAnI se raha sakate haiN| mAtra mUrta padArtha hI sthAna gherate haiM aura eka dUsare se TakarAte haiN| mUrtika padArtha ke chaha bhedoM meM bhI sUkSma skaMdha aura sUkSma paramANu to padArthoM meM samA sakate haiN| kevala mUrtika sthUla padArtha hI TakarAte haiM aura eka dUsare meM nahIM samA sakate haiN| 218 2010_03

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isa prakAra jaina darzana vaha pahalA darzana hai, jisane AkAza kA guNa zabda na mAnakara avagAhana mAnA hai aura zabda ko pudgala kI kSaNika aura azAzvata paryAya mAtra mAnA hai| avagAhana guNavAlA yaha AkAza yadyapi asIma aura vyApaka hai, parantu yaha dRSTa jagata na vyApaka hai na asiim| jitane bhAga meM padArtha yA dravya pAye jAte haiM, use lokAkAza aura jahA~ mAtra AkAza hI upalabdha hotA hai, use alokAkAza kahate haiN| isa lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke vibhAjana se hameM yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki AkAza khaNDita ho gyaa| vAstava meM yaha vibhAjana kAlpanika hai, jisa prakAra ghar3e kI polAhaTa ko hama ghaTAkAza kahate haiM aura usase bAhara phaile hue asIma AkAza ko kevala AkAza kahate haiM, parantu isase AkAza khaNDita nahIM hotaa| asIma AkAza meM yaha loka eka ghaTa kI bhA~ti hI samajhanA caahiye| sImA ke andara ko loka aura usase bAhara ko aloka samajhanA caahiye| lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke madhya kisI prakAra kI dIvAra bhI banI huI nahIM hai| jahA~ jIva aura pudgala gamana aura sthiti kara sake, vaha loka aura usake atirikta saMpUrNa aloka hai| lokAkAza ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake sampUrNa carAcara prANiyoM aura lokAgra ke bhAga meM mukta jIvoM ke sthita rahane kA AgamoM meM jJAniyoM dvArA spaSTIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| kAlaH-kAla zabda atyaMta prAcIna hai| atharvaveda meM kAla zabda ko nitya padArtha mAnA gayA hai, tathA isa nitya padArtha se pratyeka vastu kI utpatti svIkAra kI gayI hai| jaina darzana kI kAla ke saMbaMdha meM do mAnyatAeM haiN| eka mAnyatA kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnatI hai| dUsarI mAnyatA kAla ko jIva-ajIva dravya meM hI samAhita kara letI hai| kAla ko do bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra kAla evaM nizcaya kaal| jisa prakAra padArthoM kI gati aura sthiti meM dharma aura adharma dravya sahakArI kAraNa hai, vaise hI parivartana kA kAraNa kAla hai| jisake kAraNa dravyoM meM vartanA hotI hai, yaha nizcayakAla hai evaM padArthoM meM choTApana-bar3Apana Adi vyavahAra kAla kA sUcaka hai| vyavahArakAla nizcayakAla kA paryAya hai| yaha padArtha kAla jIva aura pudgala ke pariNAma se hI utpanna hotA hai aura 219 ___ 2010_03

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isI kAraNa vyavahArakAla ko jIva aura pudgala ke Azrita mAnA gayA hai| kAladravya ko aNurUpa mAnA gayA hai, usake skaMdha nahIM hote| jitane lokAkAza ke pradeza hote haiM, utane hI kAlANu hote haiN| ye eka-eka kAlANu gati rahita hone se lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza ke Upara raloM kI rAzi kI taraha avasthita haiN| AkAza ke eka sthAna meM maMdagati se calane vAlA paramANu lokAkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza taka jitane kAla meM pahu~catA hai, use samaya kahate haiN| yaha samaya atyanta sUkSma hotA hai aura pratikSaNa utpanna aura naSTa hone ke kAraNa ise paryAya kahate haiN| yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai, isa "samaya ghaNTAminiTa" Adi ke atirikta aura koI nizcayakAla nahIM hai| kAla ke do bheda kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna hai- kAla ke do bheda anivArya haiM, kyoMki "samaya miniTa ghaMTA" Adi kAla kA hI paryAya hai aura paryAya dravya ke binA nahIM hotii| jisa prakAra ghaTa rUpa paryAya kA kAraNa miTTI hai| usI prakAra samaya miniTa Adi paryAyoM kA kAraNa kAlANu rUpa nizcaya kAla ko mAnanA caahiye| punaH isake samAdhAna meM eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki samaya-miniTa Adi paryAyoM kA kAraNa dravya nahIM hai, parantu maMdagati se jAne vAle pudgala paramANu hI inakA kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra nimeSa rUpa kAla paryAya kI utpatti meM A~khoM kI palakoM kA khulanA aura baMda honA kAraNa hai, usI prakAra vyavahAra kAla ke dina rUpa paryAya kI utpatti meM sUrya kAraNa hai na ki nizcaya kaal| isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai ki kAraNa aura kArya meM parivartana hone para bhI samAnatA avazya pAyI jAtI hai| A~khoM kA khulanA aura baMda honA nimeSa kA evaM dina rUpa paryAya kA kAraNa sUrya hI utpAdana kAraNa hotA to jisa prakAra miTTI se bane ghar3e meM miTTI ke rUpa rasa guNa Adi Ate haiM, nimeSa evaM dina meM kramaza: A~khoM kI palakoM ke khulane aura baMda hone ke tathA sUrya Adi ke pudgala paramANu A jAte, parantu isa prakAra se hameM inameM ye pudgala upalabdha nahIM hote| ata: mAnanA hogA ki samaya Adi vyavahArakAla kA upAdAna kAraNa nizcayakAla hai| kAla kA mukhya sahayoga padArthoM ke parivartana meM udAsIna sahayoga detA hai| parivartana do prakAra kA hai-kSetrAtmaka aura bhaavaatmk| kSetrAtmaka parivartana dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya dvArA hotA hai, aura bhAvAtmaka parivartana kAla 220 2010_03

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dvArA niSpanna hotA hai| kAla ke abhAva meM guNAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka parivartana kI kalpanA saMbhava nahIM bntii| kSetrAtmaka parivartana kI pratikSaNa saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI jabaki bhAvAtmaka parivartana to prAraMbha hI rahatA hai| yaha bhAvAtmaka parivartana bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- sUkSma aura sthuul| sUkSma parivartana vaha hai jo padArtha ke andara hI andara hotA rahatA hai| yaha parivartana dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| sthUla parivartana vaha hai jo bAhara se dRSTigata ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha sthUla parivartana binA sUkSma parivartana ke saMbhava hI nahIM hai kyoMki padArtha ekadama nahIM bdltaa| choTA-sA baccA pratikSaNa kada bar3hA rahA hai, parantu vaha mahasUsa nahIM hotA kyoMki sUkSma hai| yaha sUkSma parivartana sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sthUla parivartana mAtra jIva aura pudgala meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| pudgala aMgrejI meM jise 'meTara' kahA jAtA hai, jaina AgamoM kI bhASA meM usI ko pudgala kahA jAtA hai| jo kucha bhI citra-vicitra vividha svarUpa hama dekhate haiM, vaha sArA pudgala kA hI svarUpa hai| jaina AgamoM ne saMpUrNa padArthoM ko chaha kAya meM samAhita kiyA hai- pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura trs| jaba taka AtmA inameM vidyamAna hotI hai, ye jIva yukta kahalAte haiN| AtmA ke vimukta hote hI ye ajIva pudgala hote haiN| jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa ina paudgalika zarIroM ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| jarA hama dRSTipAta kareM- sRSTi ke cAroM ora aisA kauna sA dRSTa padArtha hai jo kabhI jIvAzrita na rahA ho? cAhe pAnI ho yA Aga, cAhe rala ho yA phala phUla, sabhI to jIva piMDa yA jIvAzrita haiN| ye chaha kAya bhI paMcabhUtoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| chaha kAya meM jo vanaspati aura trasakAya ginAyA hai, ye do ina paMca mahAbhUtoM ke saMghAta yA milana se hI banate haiN| isakA spaSTa vivecana isa prakAra se hai| pRthvI, jala Adi paMca mahAbhUtoM ke mela meM jisa bhUta kA aMza jyAdA hogA, vaha usake anurUpa hI bnegaa| jaise pAMcoM ke saMghAta meM pRthvI kA aMza jyAdA hai to vaha vastu Thosa hogii| yadi jala kI adhikatA ho to tarala hogI, 221 ___ 2010_03

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teja kI adhikatA hone para uSNavAna evaM vAyu kI adhikatA se halkI evaM saMcaraNazIla aura yadi AkAza kA bhAga adhika ho to khAlI sthAna rUpa dikhAI degaa| jaise varSA ke dinoM meM yadyapi vAyu jalamizrita hotI hai, phira bhI kahalAtI vAyu hI hai aura garmI ke mausama meM yadyapi vAyu meM teja yA Aga kA mizraNa rahatA hai, phira bhI kahate use vAyu hI haiN| isakA kAraNa vAyu kI adhikatA/mukhyatA hai| vanaspati ke nirmANa ko hama dekheN| bIja ko pRthvI meM DAlakara jala se siMcana karate haiM, usameM se aMkura phUTatA hai jo vAyu ko evaM sUrya ke teja ko lekara vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai tathA phala aura phUloM se yukta banatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, vRkSa ke nirmANa meM pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu, cAroM hI bhUtoM kA yogadAna rahA hai| vRkSa apanI saMpUrNatA prApta kara bhI ina cAroM se yukta rahatA hai| jaise usakI TahaniyoM meM pRthvI adhika hai aura jala kama, ata: vaha kucha Thosa hai| pattoM meM usakI apekSA adhika jala hai aura phUloM meM usase adhika jala hai| zeSa jo IMdhana hai, vaha Thosa hone ke kAraNa pRthvI kA bhAga hai| phala phUloM kI camaka agni kA bhAga hai aura ina sabameM jo polApana hai, vaha AkAza hai| agara polApana nahIM hotA to usameM kIla Adi praviSTa nahIM ho sktii| polApana meM vAyu bhI hotI hai ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vRkSa yA vanaspati ina paMcamahAbhUtoM kA hI saMyoga hai| hama ina paMca mahAbhUtoM se vyApta apane zarIra ko sadaiva dekhate hI haiN| isa prakAra gUr3ha dRSTi se dekhane para patA calatA hai ki yaha saMpUrNa saMsAra paMca mahAbhUtoM kI hI racanA hai| ___pudgala ko aura bhI gaharAI se jAnane kA agara prayAsa kiyA jAya to lagatA hai ki sRSTi meM ina pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA hI svataMtra astitva nahIM hai| ina paMca mahAbhUtoM kA AdhAra bhI vAstava meM "ilekTrona aura proTona" nAma vAle do padArtha haiN| inameM nyUnAdhika saMgama se hI mahAbhUtoM kA yA padArthoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| ye ilekTrona aura proTona itane sUkSma hote haiM ki inheM indriyoM dvArA dekhA nahIM jaataa| agara tAttvika dRSTi se dekheM to sone aura lohe meM koI aMtara nahIM hotaa| donoM hI ilekTrona aura proTona ke saMgama se bane haiN| padArthoM meM ina donoM tattvoM kI nyUnAdhikatA avazya hotI hai| ina donoM kA AdhAra bhI paramANu hai| 222 2010_03

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isa paramANu ko vijJAna abhI taka khoja nahIM pAyA hai| kyoMki vijJAna kA paramANu vibhakta hotA hai jabaki jaina darzana kA paramANu vibhakta nahIM hotaa| samasta bhautika tatvoM kA mukhya AdhAra paramANu hI hai| yaha paramANu atyanta sUkSma hotA hai, na indriya dvArA aura na yaMtra dvArA ise dekhA jA sakatA hai| ise to mAtra paramAtmA kI vANI dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai aura jaba anekoM paramANu ekatrita hote haiM tabhI ve skaMdha kahalAte haiM aura hamAre dRSTipatha meM avatarita hote haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM paramANuvAda mukhya viSaya hai| ve cAroM jAtiyoM ke alagaalaga paramANu mAnate haiN| pratyeka meM guNoM kI bhI alaga-alaga kalpanA karate haiM jaise pRthvI paramANu meM mAtra gaMdha guNa, jala meM mAtra rasa guNa, agni ke paramANu meM mAtra rUpa guNa, vAyu meM mAtra sparza guNa, parantu unakI yaha mAnyatA vijJAna dvArA bhI khaMDita ho jAtI hai| Aja yaha pramANita tathya hai ki pRthvI ho yA jala ye ilekTrona aura proTona ke mizraNa se hI bane haiM aura donoM ke mUla meM bhI paramANu hai| isa dRSTikoNa se mUla dravya paramANu huA aura jitane bhI dravya hote haiM, ve sabhI parivartanazIla to hote hI haiN| ina paramANuoM ke guNoM meM bhI tAratamya hotA rahatA hai jaise sparza guNa ko leN| sparza guNa meM mukhyataH cAra bAteM pAyI jAtI haiM- ThaNDA, garama, cikanA, aura ruukhaa| cikane aura rUkhe para hama dRSTipAta kareMge kyoMki inhIM ke kAraNa baMdha aura mukti hai| cikane se tAtparya AkarSaNa aura rukhepana se tAtparya vikarSaNa se hai jise vaijJAnika proTona (AkarSaNa) aura ilekTrona (vikarSaNa) kahate haiN| jIva kA saMsAra ina pudgaloM kA AtmA se saMyoga ke kAraNa hI hai| jIva mithyAtvAdi kriyAoM se karma pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai aura ve karma pudgala hI saMsAra kA nirmANa karate haiN| hamArA mana, vacana aura kAyA ina pudgaloM kI hI dena hai| jaina darzana ne zvAsa ko bhI pudgula mAnA hai| paramANu AkAza ke pratyeka pradeza meM anaMtAnaMta bhare par3e haiN| piriNamanazIla hone ke kAraNa svataH ye paramANu rukSa aura snigdha hote rahate haiN| ye rukSa aura snigdha rUpoM meM vibhakta paramANu vijJAna ko proTona aura ilekTrona ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| ye AkarSita hone aura AkarSita karane kI zakti se yukta hai| ye paramANu AtmA kI azubha kriyAoM se AkRSTa hokara AtmA se cipaka 223 ___ 2010_03

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jAte haiM jinheM zubhakriyA ke abhAva meM alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ina pudgala paramANuoM ke sammizraNa kI avasthA meM AtmA ko eka apekSA se pudgala bhI kahA jAtA hai| pudgala kI saMyogAvasthA AtmA ko azuddha banA detI hai aura yaha azuddhAvasthA jaba taka samApta nahIM hotI taba taka AtmA sthAyI AvAsa siddhapada ko upalabdha nahIM krtii| jaina darzana mUlatatva paramANu mAnatA hai, paraMtu jainadarzana kA yaha paramANu vaizeSika kI taraha kUTastha nitya nahIM hai, apitu pariNAmI nitya hai| jIva __jaina darzana kA eka mAtra lakSya hai jiiv| jIva ko jAnanA, use samajhanA aura usakI saMpUrNa zuddhi ke prayAsa krnaa| ajIva kA svarUpa aura paricaya dene kA kAraNa bhI jIva hI hai| hama yaha samajha leM ki jIva kyA hai aura ajIva kyA hai? taba hI ajIva se jIva ko mukta karane kA puruSArtha kara sakate haiN| jaba taka usakA saMpUrNa paricaya prApta nahIM karalete, taba taka jIva ko ajIva se mukta nahIM karAyA jA sktaa| jitanA sUkSma vargIkaraNa jaina darzana ne jIva kA kiyA hai, anya darzana nahIM kara pAye aura isI vargIkaraNa ke kAraNa jainadarzana kI ahiMsA bhI utanI hI sUkSma hotI gyii| jIva kA apanA mUla svabhAva hai samatA, saralatA aura virkti| jisa prakAra jala mUla svabhAva se zItala hai, paraMtu Aga ke saMyoga ke kAraNa garma hotA hai aura kRtrima sAdhanoM se alaga hote hI punaH mUla svarUpa meM sthira bana jAtA hai| yahA~ agara yaha prazna uThAyA jAya ki jIva meM karma kA saMyoga kaba se hai to isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki anAdi se| jisa prakAra khadAna kA sonA kaba azuddha banA, isakA uttara samayAvadhi meM nahIM diyA jaataa| vaise hI AtmA kA karma saMyoga kaba banA, uttara nahIM diyA jA sktaa| hA~ itanA nizcita hai ki eka bAra zuddha hone ke bAda punaH vaha azuddha nahIM hotaa| AtmA zabdAtIta mAnI gayI hai kyoMki vaha amUrta hai| amUrta kA na AkAra hotA hai na ruup| jitanA bhI AkAra hai vaha sArA pudgala kA hai| 224 __ 2010_03

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bhAratIya manISiyoM meM mAtra cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI ne AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mAtra svIkRti hI dI aisA bhI nahIM hai, usake svarUpa aura vizleSaNa meM apanA pUrA dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| bhinna-bhinna matoM kA kAraNa bhI yahI rhaa| jinheM jo satya tathya lagA, use unhoMne siddhAMta kA rUpa de diyaa| upaniSad kI dRSTi brahmavAdI dRSTi hai| unhoMne saMsAra ko brahma kA aMza mAnA hai| jaina darzana jIva ko svataMtra astitva yukta mAnatA hai| isameM caitanya sahaja svAbhAvika hai| jIva bhI anAdi anaMta hai| saMsAra jIva rahita kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra gaNita meM anaMta meM se anaMta nikAleM to anaMta hI zeSa raheMge, vaise hI anaMtajIva mokSa ko prApta kare leM phira bhI anaMta jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rheNge| ___jIva kA vikAsa usake svayaM ke puruSArtha para nirbhara karatA hai| nigoda se jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA prAraMbha hotI huI mokSa taka pahu~cakara pUrNatA ko prApta karatI hai| __ zakti kI dRSTi se sabhI jIva samAna haiM, cAhe ekendriya jIva ho cAhe paMcendriya, balAbala kI samAnatA hone para bhI kucha jIva pUrNatA ko upalabdha kara lete haiM aura kucha jIva bhaTakate rahate haiN| isakA kAraNa jIva kI svAbhAvika anaMta aura asIma zakti ko kucha to puruSArtha dvArA prakaTa kara dete haiM aura kucha jIva puruSArthahIna hokara jahA~-tahA~ bhramaNa karate rahate haiN| jIva ke saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana kI anya darzanoM se alaga vilakSaNa aura alaukika mAnyatA yahI hai ki jaina darzana meM Izvara Adarza yA preraka jarUra hai paraMtu isake atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| jIva svayaM hI apane puruSArtha dvArA apanI maMjila taya karatA hai tathA Izvaratva ko upalabdha kara letA hai| hara AtmA paramAtmA svarUpa hai| aisA nahIM ki eka hI Izvara hai aura anya sabhI bhakta ke rUpa meM hI rhte| apitu pratyeka AtmA Izvara-zakti se saMpanna hai| jaina darzana kA AcAra pakSa kI sthApanA kA kAraNa jIva kI apanI sattA aura zaktiyoM kA prakaTa karanA hI hai| jIva ke vargIkaraNa kI sUkSmatA ko pahacAna karake hama apane Apako una jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata kareM evaM apane nija svarUpa anaMta jJAna, darzana, cAritra ko upalabdha kreN| 225 2010_03

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saMndarbha - grantha-sUcI 3. 1. akalaMkatraya - akalaMka deva, saM. mahendrakumAra zAstrI, pra. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda san 1939. 2. adhyAtma rahasya - (hindI vyAkhyA sahita) paM. AzAdhara saM. paM. jugala kizora mukhtAra, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, dillI san 1957. adhyAtma kamala mArtaNDa:- paM. rAjamallajI, saM. paM. darabArIlAla koThiyA, paM. paramAnanda jaina, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura, prathamAvRtti san 1944. 4. adhyAtma mata parIkSA - racita yazovijaya, pra. divya darzana TrasTa 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4 pra.saM. adhi-nIti zAstra ke mukhya siddhAnta - DaoN. vedaprakAza zarmA, pra. alAIDa pablizarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, 15 je.ena. hireDiyA mArga, bailarDa esTeTa bambaI, pra.saM. 1987. anuyogadvAra sUtra - caturtha khaNDa, saM. devakumAra jaina pra. zrI Agama prakAzana - samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra.saM. 1987 7. abhinava paryAyavAcI zabda koSa - satyapAla gupta va zyAmakapUra, pra. Arya buka Dipo, nayI dillI, san 1960. 8. aSTa sahasrI - prathama bhAga zrI vidyAnaMdAcArya, jJAnamati mAtAjI pra. di. jainatriloka zodha saMsthAna hastinApura (U.P.) pra.saM. 1972. 9. aSTa pAhuDa-cayanikA - saM. DaoN. kamalacaMda sogAnI pra. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, pra. saM. 1987. 226 2010_03

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10. aSTa pAhuDa (hindI vacanikA sahita) kundakuMdAcArya, pra. anantakIrti mANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI, pra.saM. 1916. 11. aSTasahasrI - vidyAnandi sa. guruvara gopAladAsa, praM. nAthUlAla gAMdhI zrI nAthAraMgajI, san 1915. 12. aha~ta-pravacana - sa.paM. cenasukhadAsa, pra. Atmodaya granthamAlA. 13. Agamayuga kA jaina darzana - paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pra. sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, san 1966. 14. AcArAMga cayanikA - saM. DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI, pra. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura di. saM. 1987 15. AcArAMga niyukti - bhadrabAhu (di.) pra. siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, vi.saM. 1935. 16. AtmAnuzAsana - le. guNabhadra, saM. bAlacaMda siddhAMtazAstrI pra. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, tR. saM. 1987. 17. AtmamImAMsA - (hindI vivecana sahita) paM. mUlacandrajI zAstrI, pra. zrI zAntivIra di. jaina saMsthAna, san 1970. 18. AtmavAda - le. muni phUlacanda 'zramaNa' saM. muni samadarzI, pra. prAcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA pra. saM. 1965. 19. Atma tatva vicAra - prathama bhAga, zrImad lakSmaNa sUrIzvarajI ma., saM. zrI kIrtivijaya gaNivara, pra.bI. bI. mehatA. 20. Atma-prasiddhi - le. harilAla jaina, zrI seThI di. jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, vI. ni. saM. 2490. 21. AtmamImAMsA kI tatvadIpikA nAmaka vyAkhyA - racita A. samantabhadra le. pro. udayacandra jaina, pra. zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna mAriyA, vArANasI pra. saM. vI. ni. saM. 2401. 22. Apta parIkSA - vidyAnanda, anu. paM. darabArIlAla jaina, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, sahAranapura, san 1949. 227 2010_03

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72. nayacakra, mAilla dhavala - saM. aura hindI TIkA vyAkhyAkAra paM. kailAzacandra zAstrIta pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pra. saM. 1971. 73. nyAyakumudacandra - prabhAcandAcArya (bhAga 1-2) saM. paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyazAstrI, pra. - maMtrI zrI nAthUrAma premI mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, giragAMva, bambaI-4, prathamAvRtti, vI. ni. saM. 2464. 74. nyAyadIpikA, abhinava dharma bhUSaNa, saM. aura anuvAdaka nyAyAcArya paM. darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA, pra. - vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura, prathamAvRtti 1945. 75. nyAyadarzana (vAtsayAyana bhASya sahita) saM. zrI nArAyaNa mizra, pra. - caukhambhA saM. sIrija vArANasI, dvitIya saM. 1970. 76. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, bhaTTAkalaMka deva, saM. paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pra. saM. 1954. 77. nyAyasUtraH gautama RSi, saM. paM. zrI rAmazarmA, AcArya saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, pra. saM. 1964. 78. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRttiH zAntisUri, saM. paM. dalamukha-mAlavaNiyA, pra. siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, prathamAvRtti, san 1949. 79. nayacakrasAra ane guru guNa chattIsI - zrImaddevacandrajI zrI adhyAtma darzana pracAraka maNDala pADarA dvitIyAvRtti saMvat 1985. 80. nandIsUtra - vyA. zrI AtmArAmajI ma., pra. A. zrI AtmArAmajI jaina samiti, ludhiyAnA, san 1966. 81. naya darpaNa - bhAga prathama, dvitIya, le. jinendravarNI, pra. di. jaina pAramarthika saMsthAe~ javerIbAga, indaura (ma.pra.) pra. saM. 1965: 82. prajJApanA sUtra - prathama khaNDa, saM. jJAnamuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1983. 83. prajJApanA sUtra - dvitIya khaNDa, saM. jJAnamuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana - 232 2010_03

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samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1984 84. prajJApanA sUtra - tRtIya khaNDa, saM. jJAnamuni pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1980. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. pravacanasAra - racita zrI amRtacandrAcArya deva tatva pradIpikA nAmaka saMskRta TIkA evaM zrI jayasenAcArya deva viracita tAtparya vRtti nAmaka saMskRta TIkA sahita, pra. zrI vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraNa TrasTa, 602, kRSNAnagara, bhAvanagara ( guja.) pra. saM. vi. saM. 2006. pravacana ratnAkara prathamakhaNDa, saM. DaoN. bhArilla, anuvAdaka paM. ratanacandra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara- jayapura. hukamacanda pra. saM. 1981. - pravacana ratnAkara dvitIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacaMda bhArilla anuvAdaka paM. ratanacaMdra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara jayapura pra. saM. 1982. * pravacana ratnAkara - tRtIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacaMda bhArilla anuvAdaka paM. ratanacaMdra bhArilla, pra. ToDara smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara jayapura pra. saM. 1983. pravacana ratnAkara caturtha khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacaMda bhArilla anuvAdaka paM. ratanacaMdra bhArilla, pra. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara- jayapura pra. saM. 1985. pramANa naya tatvAlokaH vivecana aura anuvAdaka paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla nyAya tIrtha, pra. Atma jAgRti kAryAlaya, zrI jaina gurukula zikSaNa saMgha, byAvara (rAja.) prathamAvRtti san 1942. prameyakamala mArtaNDaH prabhAcandrAcArya, saM. paM. mahendrakumAra zAstrI, sAgara presa, dvitIya saM. 1941. prameya ratnamAlA (hindI vyAkhyA sahita ) laghu anaMtavIrya, vyAkhyAkAra tathA saMpAdaka paM. zrI hIrAlAlajI jaina, pra. caukhambhA vidyA bhavana vArANasI, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2020. 2010_03 233 pra. nirNaya

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93. 94. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArdha-uttarArdha) : paM. rAjamala, saM. paM. phUlacaMda siddhAnta zAstrI, varNI granthamAlA vArANasI. 95. pataMjali yogadarzana bhASya: maharSi vyAsadeva, pra. zrI lakSmI nivAsa car3aka, ajamerata dvitIya saM. san 1961. pravacanasAraH kundakundAcArya- saMpAdaka A. ne upAdhye, pra. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrI mad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa tRtIya saM. 1964. 96. puruSArtha siddhayupAya ( hindI anuvAda sahita ) : amRtacandrasUri pra. bhA. jai. si. pra. saM. kalakattA, vI. saM. 2452. 97. 98. 99. paramAtma prakAzaH (saMskRta vRtti evaM hindI bhASA TIkA sahita ) : yogIndra deva, saM. AdinAtha nemInAtha upAdhye, pra. paramazruta prabhAkara maNDala, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA jauharI bAjAra, bambaI -2, dvitIya saM. vi. saM. 2017 pramANa prameya kalikA racita narendrasena, le. zrI hIrAlAla zAstrI, saM. darabArIlAla jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pra. saM. vI. ni. saM. 2487. - paMcAstikAya saMgraha ( hindI anuvAda sahita ) prApti sthAna zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha (saurASTra ) 100. pAzcAtya Adhunika darzana kI samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA saM. yA. masIha, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgalo ror3a javAharanagara, dillI, pra. saM. 1933. 101. prazamarati prathama bhAga, racita umAsvAti, vivecana bhadragupta vijayajI gaNivara, pra. zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, kamboInagara ke pAsa, mehasAnA ( guja.) pra. saM. vi. saM. 2042. - 102. prazamarati dvitIya bhAga, racita umAsvAti, vivecana bhadraguptavijayajI gaNivara, pra. zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, kamboI nagara ke pAsa mehasAnA ( guja.) pra. saM. vi. saM. 2042. - 103. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra - anuvAdaka hastimalajI muni pra. zrI hastimalajI surANA, pAlI, san 1950. 2010_03 234

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104. bRhat dravya saMgraha - racita nemIcandra siddhAnta deva, anuvAdaka rAjakizorajI jaina, pra. zrI vItarAga sat sAhitya pracAraka TasTra bhAvanagara, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2033. 105. bhAratIya darzana - sansa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI - 6, pra. saM. 1972. 106. bhAratIya darzana - dvitIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, pra. rAjapAla eNDa sansa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI - 6 pra. saM. 1973. prathama khaNDa, saM. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, pra. rAjapAla eNDa 107. bhAratIya darzana le. baladeva, pra. caukhambhA oriyanTAliyA posTa bAksa naM. 1031 vArANasI (u.pra.) pra. saM. 1984. - 108. bhAratIya darzana - le. cakradhara zarmA, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa baMgalo ror3a javAharanagara, dillI pra. saM. 1990. 109. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA - saM. ema hiriyannA, pra. rAjakamala prAiveTa limiTeDa 8, netAjI subhASa mArga, nayI dillI pra. saM. 1965. 110. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pra. madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad bhopAla san 1962. 111. bhagavAna mahAvIra Adhunika sandarbha meM - saM. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata saha saM. DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata, pra. zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, samatA bhavana rAmapuriyA sar3aka, bIkAnera (rAja.) pra. saM. 1974. - 112. mokSamArga prakAzaka le. paM. ToDaramala, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, pra. satsAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda kahAna, di. jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara jypur| 113. mUlAcAra racita A. vahakera, TIkAnuvAda jJAnamatijI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI pra. saM. 1944. 114. mImAMsA darzana - maNDana mizra, pra. rameza buka Dipo, jayapura, pra. saM. san 1955. 115. mImAMsA darzana ( zAbara bhASya ) : zAbara svAmI, ku. cauka kAzI 235 2010_03

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128. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - tRtIya bhAga, saM. amaramuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana - samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1985. 129. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - caturtha bhAga, saM. amaramuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana - samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1986. 130. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - bhAga prathama, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa viracita, maladhArI zrI hemacaMdrasUri viracitam, pra. divya darzana TrasTa 68 gulAlavAr3I, tIsarA mAla bambaI, pra. saM. 2039. 131. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - dvitIya bhAga, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa viracita, maladhArI zrI hemacaMdrasUri viracitam, pra. divya darzana TrasTa 68 gulAlavAr3I, tIsarA mAla bambaI, pra. saM. 2039. 132. rAjapraznIya sUtra - dvitIya khaNDa, saM. ratanamuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana ___ - samiti, jaina sthAnaka, pIpaliyA bAjAra byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982. 133. zrI lalita vistarA - hindI vivecana prakAzana sahita, racita A. zrI haribhadra suuriishvr| 134. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA TIkA, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyAkhyAkAra yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI prathama stabaka, prakAzaka caukhambhA oriyanTAliyA, po. A. caukhambhA. po. bAksa na. 32 gokula bhavana ke. 37/109 gopAla mandira lena, vArANasI, pra. saM. 1977. 135. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda kalpalatA, dvitIya stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4 136. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, tRtIya stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya hindI vivacana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4 137. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, caturtha stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI 237 2010_03

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badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I bambaI-4. 138. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, paMcama SaSTha stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I bambaI-4 pra. saM. vi. saM. 2039. 139. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, saptama stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I bambaI-4 pra. saM. vi. saM. 2040. 140. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, aSTama stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I bambaI-4 pra. saM. vi. saM. 2038. 141. zAstravArtA-samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, navama, dazama, ekAdaza stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyA. yazovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I bambaI-4 pra. saM. vi. saM. 20441 142. SaDdarzana rahasya - paM. raMganAtha pAThaka, pra. vihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad paTanA u. pra. saM. 1958. 143. SaDdarzana-samuccaya-haribhadrasUri viracita, saM. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillI saM. 1981. 144. SaT khaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita) bhUtabali puSpadanta, pra. jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, pra. AvRtti san 1939. 145. sUtra kRtAGga sUtra - prathama khaNDa, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982. 146. sUtra kRtAGga sUtra - dvitIya khaNDa, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana - samiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982 aprail| 147. sthAnAMga sUtra (ThANaM sUtra) - saM. muni nathamala, pra. jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.) pra. saM. 1976. 238 2010_03

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148. sabhASyatatvArthAdhigama sUtra - racita zrI umAsvAti, anuvAdaka paM. khUbacaMdajI, pra. mIThAlAla revAzaMkara jagajIvana jhaverI, A. vyavasthApaka paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maMDala jhaverI bAjAra, bambaI - 2. pra. saM. 1932. 149. samayasAra - racita zrImad tkuMdakuMdAcArya deva, gujarAtI TIkAkAra zrI himmatalAla jeThAlAla zAha hindI anuvAdaka paM. parameSThIdAsajI, pra. zrI vItarAga sat sAhitya prasAraka TrasTa bhAvanagara (guja.) pra. saM. vI ni. saM. 2505. pra. 150. syAdvAdamaMjarI - racita zrI hemacandrAcArya, saM. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina pra. zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala zrImadrAjacandra Azrama agAsa. pra. saM. 1979. 151. sarvadarzanasaMgraha ( hindI TIkA sahita) mAdhavAcArya, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI. 152. sAMkhyakArikA (goDapAdabhASya ) : IzvarakRSNa, dR. ku. caukAsI vi. saM. 1872. 153. sAMkhya sUtram - kapilamuni, saM. zrI rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya. pra. bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, vi.saM. 2022. 154. siddhi vinizcaya TIkA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI pra. saM. san 1951. 155. syAdvAda ratnAkara bhAga prathama, zrI madvAdidevasUri viracita, pra. bhAratIya buka kArporezana, 1 yU. bI. javAharanagara, baiglo ror3a, dillI, pra. saM. 1988. 156. syAdvAda ratnAkara bhAga dvitIya zrI madvAdidevasUri viracita pra. bhAratIya buka kArporezana 1 yU. bI. javAharanagara, baiglo ror3a, dillI pra. saM. 1988. 157. sarvArthasiddhi - racita zrImadAcArya pUjyapAda, saM. paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 insTITyUzanala eriyA, laudhI ror3a, nayI dillI 3 pra. saM. 158. sammati tarka prakaraNa khaNDa prathama, siddhasena divAkara vyAkhyAkAra A. abhayadeva sUrijI, pra. seTha motIzA lAlabAga jaina TrasTa pAjarA pola kampAUNDa - bhulezvara, bambaI, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2040. 159. sAMkhya tatva- kaumudI - vAcaspati mizra, hi. TI. gajAnaMda zAstrI, pra. caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, vi. saM. 2028. 160. saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI - vimaladAsa, hi. TI. manoharalAlajI, pra. praramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1916. 161. siddhAntasAra-AcArya nemIcandra, saM. e. ena. upAdhyAya va DaoN. hIrAlAla 2010_03 239

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jaina, pra. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura san 1972. 162. zrI puSkara muni abhinaMdana grantha, pra. puSkara munijI abhinaMdana grantha prakAzana samiti, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) pra. saM. 1979. 163. zrI kasturacandrajI ma. janma zatAbdI grantha, pra. zrI pratApa muni jJAnAlaya, bar3I sAdar3I (rAja.). 164. muni hajArImala smRti-grantha, pra. muni hajArIlAla smRti grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1965. 165. sAdhvI zrI puSpavatI-abhinaMdana grantha, pra. zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) pra. saM. 1987. 166. kusuma abhinandana grantha, pra. zrI tAraka gurU jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) pra. saM. 1990.. . 167. marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImalajI abhinaMdana grantha, pra. marudhara kesarI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti jodhapura, pra. saM. 1968. 168. bra. paM. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, pra. a. bhA. di. jaina mahilA pariSad zrI jaina bAlAH dharmakuMja, dhanupurA ArAta vI. ni. saM. 2480. 169. SPACE, TIME AND GRAVITATION-SIR ARTHUR, EDDINGTON CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEWYORK. 170. PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE-A.EDDINGTON, OXFORD PRESS. 171. SCIENCE AND UNSEEN WORLD - A.N.WHITE HEAD. 172. THE NATURE OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD - EINSTEIN 173. PRASAMRATIPRAKARAN, EDITED AND TRANSLATED DR. Y.S. SHASTRI L.D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHEMDABAD - 1984. 174. TRAREVSES ONLESSTRODDEN, PATHOFINDIANPHILOSOPHY ___ ANDRELIGION,BYY.S.SHASTRI, L.D.INSTITUTEOFINDOLOGY AHEMDABAD - 1991. 175. vaijJAnika arntadRSTi, barTeNDa rasala anudita, rAjakamala prakAzana, naI dillI. 176. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa, muni kAntisAgara, hari vihAra, pAlItAnA. 240 2010_03

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DaoN. sAdhvI vidyutprabhA zrI jI ma. janma : mokalasara, vi.saM. 2020 jyeSTha zukla 6, tA. 28-5-1963 mAtA : rohiNI devI (sAdhvI zrI ratanamAlA zrI jI m.)| pitA : lUkar3a gotrIya zrI paarsmljii| dIkSA: AcArya pravara gurudeva zrI jina kAntisAgara sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. kI tAraka nizrA meM mAtA rohiNI devI (sAdhvI zrI ratanamAlA zrI jI ma.) va bhAI mIThAlAla (gaNi zrI maNiprabhasAgara jI ma.) ke sAtha saM. 2030 ASAr3ha vadi 7, tA. 23-6-1973 ko diikssaa| guruvaryA : svanAmadhanya sva. pravartinI zrI pramoda zrI jI m.| adhyayana : nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, koSa, zAstrIya adhyayana ke alAvA rAjasthAna vi.vi. se ema.e. (darzana zAstra), gujarAta vi.vi. se dravya-vijJAna para . DaoNkTareTa kI upaadhi| vyaktitva :pravacana va lekhana kalA meM prakharatA ke sAtha parama / pravINatA, adyAvadhi paryanta rAhI-rAstA, adhUrA sapanA, bhIgI-bhIgI khuzabU, karuNAmayIM mA~, seTha motI zA kI jIvana caritra, vidyuta taraMge, dravya-vijJAna ityAdi svataMtra pustakoM kA lekhana va kaI pustakoM kA saMpAdana prkaashn| 2010_03

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