Rishibhashit ka Darshanik Adhyayana

Author(s): Pramodkumari Sadhvi
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002508/1

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bhAratIya samanvayavAdI RSiyoM kI vANI kA prastotA adbhuta prAkRta graMtha RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana lekhaka sAdhvI pramodakumArajI sampAdana evaM mArgadarzana pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) For

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samarpaNa pUjya guruvaryA zrI ratnaku~varajI ma.sA. ke caraNoM meM sAdarasamapita For Private ergo al Use Only

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bhAratIya samanvayavAdI RSiyoM kI vANI kA prastotA adbhuta prAkRta graMtha RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana lekhaka DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzana pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma. pra. ) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 2009

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA RvibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana (kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA Ph.D hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha) lekhaka - DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArI jI mArgadarzaka evaM sampAdaka - pro. (DaoN.) sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka - * prAcya vidyApITha, dupADAror3a,zAjapura (ma.pra.) dUrabhASa-07364-222218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, ITIror3a, karoMdI posTa-B.H.U., vArANasI-221005 prakAzana varSa 2009 mUlya - 90 rupaye mudraka - . AkRti oNphaseTa 5, naIpeTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.) phona : 0734-2561720 mobA. : 98276-77780, 98272-42489

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana prAkkathana bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kA vikAsa aupaniSadika, jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM se hI huaa| jaina dharma ke prAraMbhika cintana kA rUpa hameM usake Agama sAhitya meM milatA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya prAkRta bhASA meM racita hai| jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama granthoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi grantha Ate haiN| ina granthoM meM bhI RSibhASita jaina paramparA meM mAnya to rahA, kintu usake adhyayana kI upekSA hotI rhii| usakA kAraNa yaha thA ki usameM na kevala jaina paramparA ke, apitu aupaniSadika evaM bauddha paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ke vicAra bhI saMkalita the| ataH isa graMtha ke adhyayana para paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne bhI vizeSa bala nahIM diyaa| phalata: jaina bhaNDAroM meM isakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ bhI bahulatA se upalabdha nahIM hotI haiN| apane zodha viSaya ke cayana ke lie jaba maiMne DaoN. sAgaramala jaina se carcA kI to unhoMne mujhe isa grantha ke dArzanika pakSa ke adhyayana kA sujhAva diyaa| unakI dRSTi meM yaha aisA graMtha hai, jo jaina paraMparA aura prAkRta bhASA kA prAcIna graMtha hokara bhI sabhI bhAratIya paraMparAoM kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| sAtha hI prAcIna kAla meM jaina paraMparA kI dhArmika sahiSNutA aura udAratA kA paricAyaka bhI hai| Aja jaba dhArmika unmAda, bhAratIya rASTra kI asmitA ke lie cunautI bana gayA hai, taba isa prakAra ke udAra evaM sahiSNuvAdI dRSTi ke samarthaka graMthoM ke adhyayana kI upayogitA evaM sArthakatA svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai| prazna hai / sarvaprathama isake mudrita 3 prastuta adhyayana kA vaiziSTya jaina bhaNDAroM meM RSibhASita kI hastapratiyA~ bahuta hI kama upalabdha hotI hai| DaoN. zubriMga ko bhI isakI mAtra do pratiyA~ upalabdha huI thI, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne isa grantha ko prakAzita kiyA thaa| jinaratnakoSa (pR. 59 ) ke anusAra isakI hasta pratiyA~ kucha zAstra bhaNDAroM meM prApta hotI hai / jahA~ taka isake prakAzita saMskaraNoM kA saMskaraNa iMdaura, AgarA evaM chANI se prakAzita hue the|

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI .. sarvaprathama vidvattApUrNa bhUmikA ke sAtha isakA prakAzana zubiMga ne kiyaa| zubriga hI pahale vyakti hai jinhoMne isa graMtha ke saMdarbha meM viziSTa adhyayana kiyA thaa| yadyapi unakI bhUmikA mAtra bAraha pRSTha kI hai, kintu usameM unakI vyApaka tulanAtmaka dRSTi aura talasparzI vidvattA parilakSita hotI hai| unakI isa jarmana bhASA meM likhI gaI bhUmikA kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda bhI huA hai aura jo mUla graMtha ke sAtha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya vidyA maMdira ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| isameM mUlagraMtha, saMskRta TippaNa aura zubriga kI bhUmikA kA aMgrejI anuvAda samAhita hai| isake pazcAta RSibhASita apane hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bambaI se prakAzita huA thaa| yaha hindI anuvAda muni zrI vinayacanda jI ne kiyA hai| yadyapi isa hindI anuvAda meM mUlagraMtha kI vivaraNAtmaka vyAkhyA to hai, kintu usameM tulanAtmaka aura samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se kucha bhI nahIM likhA gayA hai| hindI aura aMgrejI anuvAdoM ke sAtha RSibhASita kA prakAzana rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI ke dvArA san 1988 meM huA hai| isa graMtha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ isameM hindI aura aMgrejI mUlAnusArI anuvAda hai, vahIM isake prAraMbha meM lagabhaga eka sau pRSThoM meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI hindI aura aMgrejI bhASAoM meM eka vistRta aura tulanAtmaka bhUmikA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apanI isa bhUmikA meM graMtha kA svarUpa, jaina paraMparA meM, usakA sthAna, usakA racanAkAla evaM bhASA Adi ke sAtha-sAtha usake vibhinna RSiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM tulanAtmaka vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA hai| yadyapi graMtha ke aitihAsika aura sAhityika mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se yaha bhUmikA viziSTa hI hai, kintu bhUmikA ke pRSThoM kI sImA ko dekhate hue usameM RSibhASita meM pratipAdita dArzanika vicAroM kA mAtra saMketa hI kiyA gayA hai| usa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa vivaraNAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana usameM prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi darzana ke vidvAn DaoN. sAgaramala jaina bhUmikA kI sImA aura maryAdA ko dekhate hue ve isake dArzanika pakSa para adhika prakAza nahIM DAla ske| prastuta adhyayana meM maiMne unase hI sahayoga aura mArgadarzana ko prApta karate hue graMtha ke isa dArzanika pakSa ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa zodhaprabandha meM maiMne mukhya rUpa se RSibhASita kI jJAnamImAMsA, tattvamImAMsA aura nItizAstra saMbaMdhI pakSoM ko apanI buddhi ke anurUpa prastuta karane kA eka prayatna kiyA hai| usameM bhI prathama kaThinAI to yahI rahI ki jJAnamImAMsIya dArzanika carcA kA RSibhASita meM prAyaH abhAva hI pAyA gyaa| mAtra jJAna kA mahattva sAdhanA meM usakI upayogitA Adi kucha vivaraNa hI hameM usameM upalabdha hue haiN| ataH prastuta zodha prabandha kA jJAnamImAMsA se saMbaMdhita adhyAya atyaMta saMkSipta aura mAtra vivaraNAtmaka hI hai| jahA~ taka tattvamImAMsIya carcAoM kA prazna hai ve bhI RSibhASita

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI meM mAtra saMketa rUpa meM hI upalabdha hotI hai| unake vistRta vivaraNoM athavA samAlocanAtmaka vivecanAoM kA bhI RSibhASita meM prAya: abhAva hI hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita eka prAcIna aura dArzanika cintana ke prAraMbhika yuga kA graMtha hai, isalie ina tattvamImAMsIya siddhAMtoM ke saMbaMdha meM usameM tArkika aura samIkSAtmaka vivecana kA prastutIkaraNa saMbhava nahIM ho sakA, phira bhI usameM aneka tattvamImAMsIya siddhAMta bIja rUpa meM upasthita hai| RSibhASita meM jina tattvamImAMsIya siddhAMtoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai unameM paMcamahAbhUtavAda, Atma kartRttvavAda, paJcaskandhavAda, santativAda, ucchedavAda, zUnyatAvAda, paMcAstikAyavAda Adi pramukha hai| yadyapi isameM zUnyavAda kA saMketamAtra isI rUpa meM milatA hai ki koI bhI aisA tattva nahIM hai jo sarvathA sarvakAla meM astittvavAna ho| isalie RSibhASita kA zUnyatAvAda, ucchedavAda aura bauddhoM ke vikasita zUnyatAvAda ke bIca hI eka kar3I hai| 5 yadyapi RSibhASita meM naitika, aura dhArmika upadeza to vipulatA se milate hai, kintu umaneM bhI koI saiddhAMtika dArzanika gaMbhIra carcA uThAyI gaI ho aisA parilakSita nahIM hotaa| yadyapi usameM naitika aura dhArmika jIvana ke lie AdhArabhUta karma siddhAMta kA adhika vistRta vivecana huA hai aura usameM karmasantativAda kI carcA bhI AI hai| karma santativAda ke sAtha-sAtha isa graMtha meM jaina karma siddhAMta meM ullekhita aSTakarma graMthiyoM aura karma kI kucha avasthAoM jaise baddha, spRSTa Adi kI bhI carcA karatA hai / jahA~ taka naitika dArzanika siddhAMtoM kA prazna hai, RSibhASita unakA koI vizeSa ullekha na karake mAtra upadezAtmaka zailI meM naitika upadeza upasthita karatA hai| cU~ki graMtha darzanakAla kA graMtha na hokara aupaniSadika yuga kA eka graMtha hai aura isalie graMtha meM upalabdha sAmagrI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hamAre lie bhI adhika gaharAI se dArzanika samasyAoM meM praveza karanA saMbhava nahIM ho sakA hai, kyoMki aisA karane hetu hameM graMtha ke pratipAdya mantavyoM se idhara-udhara hI bhAganA hotaa| kucha graMtha kI sImAe~ aura kucha merI apanI sImAe~ thI, jisake kAraNa prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM bahuta adhika dArzanika gaharAiyoM kA dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu jo koI bhI saMketa sUtra hameM upalabdha hue haiM, unheM prastuta karane kA prayatna avazya kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM se saMketa yA sUcanAe~ prApta hone para hama bhavizya meM ise aura adhika vikasita kara sakeMge, aisI AzA hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha nau adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| viSaya praveza nAmaka prathama adhyAya meM maiMne graMtha paricaya ke sAtha-sAtha isake RSiyoM kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| isa paricaya ko yathAsaMbhava tulanAtmaka aura samIkSAtmaka banAyA gayA hai|

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana dvitIya adhyAya meM prastuta graMtha meM upalabdha jJAnamImAMsIya cintana ko vivecita karane kA nirNaya liyA thA, kintu jaisAki maiM pUrva meM kaha cukI hU~ ki RSibhASita meM jJAnamImAMsA se saMbaMdhita dArzanika ciMtana kA prAyaH abhAva hI pAyA gyaa| ataH yaha adhyAya mukhya rUpa se jIvana aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna ke mahattva aura upayogitA ko hI spaSTa karatA hai| 6 tRtIya adhyAya RSibhASita kI tattvamImAMsA se saMbaMdhita hai| isa adhyAya ko hamaneM do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| (1) sRSTi saMbaMdhI siddhAMta aura (2) tAttvika avdhaarnnaaeN| sRSTi saMbaMdhI siddhAMtoM meM prastuta graMtha meM jala evaM aNDe se sRSTi kI utpatti ke siddhAMta kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu RSibhASita kA RSi isa siddhAMta ko asvIkAra karatA hai| sAtha hI RSibhASita sRSTi ke mAyA saMbaMdhI siddhAMta ko bhI asvIkAra karatA hai / vaha sRSTi ko anAdi nitya aura zAzvata mAnatA hai / tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM meM paMca mahAbhUtavAda, dehAtmavAda, skandhavAda, santativAda, zUnyavAda, AtmakUTasthatAvAda, paMcAstikAyavAda, Adi kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| yadyapi ye sabhI siddhAMta mUla graMtha meM apanI prAraMbhika avasthA meM hI pAye jAte haiN| ina siddhAMtoM kI dArzanika samIkSA kA bhI usameM abhAva hai| caturtha adhyAya karma siddhAMta se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM na kevala karma ke zubhAzubha prakAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai, apitu baMdhana ke kAraNoM tathA karma kI vividha avasthAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pA~cavA~ adhyAya mukhya rUpa se RSibhASita ke manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| isameM mAnava mana kI jaTilatA, vyaktittva ke doharepana, indriyadamana kA tAtparya aura krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha kA chaThA adhyAya RSibhASita ke naitika darzana se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM naitikatA kI pUrvamAnyatA ke rUpa meM niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI naitika mAnadaNDa aura naitika mUlyAMkana ke siddhAMtoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gyaa| prastuta zodha prabaMdha kA saptama adhyAya RSibhASita ke sAdhanA mArga se saMbaMdhita hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane RSibhASita ke paiMtAlisa hI RSiyoM ke sAdhanA mArga kI saMkSipta carcA prastuta kI hai| yadyapi isake aneka RSiyoM ke sAdhanA mArga saMbaMdhI upadezoM meM zAbdika aMtara ko chor3akara mukhya rUpa se samAnatA hI pAI jAtI hai| kyoMki sabhI RSi nivRttimArgI paraMparA kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura isalie saMnyAsa, vairAgya aura saMyama ko hI mahattva dete haiN|

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana prastuta zodha nibaMdha kA AThavA~ adhyAya sAmAjika cintana se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM sarvaprathama vyakti ke saMskAra se samAja ke saMskAra kI RSibhASita kI avadhAraNA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita vyaktivAdI jIvana darzana kA prastotA hai| isI adhyAya meM hamane strI-puruSa ke pArasparika saMbaMdhoM aura pArivArika saMbaMdhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| isameM RSibhASita kA dRSTikoNa mukhya rUpa se nivRttipradhAna hI dRSTigata hotA hai| isI adhyAya meM varNa vyavasthA aura puruSArtha catuSTaya kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| aMtima adhyAya upasaMhAra rUpa hai| jisameM pratyeka adhyAya ke saMdarbha meM hamane apane niSkarSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra isa zodha prabaMdha meM RSibhASita ke dArzanika pakSoM kI eka samagra carcA prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa prayAsa meM kisa sImA taka saphala huI hU~ yaha nirNaya karanA to vidvAnoM kA kArya hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha ke pUrNAhUti ke avasara para sarvaprathama pUjya gurudeva adhyAtma mArga upadeSTA evaM pathapradarzaka, zraddheya AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSijI evaM dIkSA-dAtrI sva. guruvaryA zraddheyA zrI ratanakuMvarajI ke caraNoM meM sAdara vaMdana karatI huuN| jinakI asIma kRpA evaM AzIrvAda se yaha graMtha saMpUrNa ho sakA hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha ko pUrNa karAne meM mujhe DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. umezacandra kA jo vAtsalya evaM vidvatApUrNa mArgadarzana prApta huA hai, usake lie maiM unakI cirakRtajJa huuN| saca to yaha hai ki jJAna ke kSetra meM merA jo kucha bhI vikAsa huA hai, usameM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA sadaiva yogadAna rahA hai| isa zodha kArya meM bhI merA AdhAra RSibhASita kI unakI bhUmikA hI rahI hai, jisakA maiMne anekazaH ullekha kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra ke DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDe, DaoN. azokasiMha, DaoN. zivaprasAda, zrI dInAnAtha zarmA, DaoN. rajjanakumAra, DaoN. indreza siMha aura pustakAlaya adhikArI maheMdra yAdava Adi kI bhI maiM AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne samaya-samaya para yathocita sevAe~ pradAna kara mujhe sahayoga diyA hai| isa avasara para saMsthAna-maMtrI zrI bhUpeMdranAtha jI jaina kA smaraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka haiM, jinake pUjya pitA zrI dvArA nirmita isa saMsthAna ke nIrava, kintu suvidhAyukta pariveza meM rahakara maiM isa zodha prabaMdha ko pUrNa kara skii| saMsthAna ne merI sukha-suvidhA kI jo vyavasthA kI aura kAnapura zrI saMgha ne usameM jo sahayoga pradAna kiyA ataH unakA bhI AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ aura saMsthAna ke vikAsa kI maMgala kAmanA karatI huuN| ___ maiM sahavartI sAdhvIvRnda kI bhI atyanta AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne tana-mana se sevA karake mere adhyayana kArya meM sahayoga diyA aura mujhe apanI jimmedAriyoM se mukta rkhaa|

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI isa saMbaMdha meM gurubhaginI zrI kuzalaku~vara jI evaM zrI puSpakuMvarajI kA sahayoga aura sAdhvI zrI cetanAjI, vaMdanAjI aura prekSAjI kI sevA vizeSa rUpa se smaraNIya hai| isI saMdarbha meM sthAnIya zrIsaMgha, ghor3anadI ke mitra-maNDala aura zrI madanalAlajI, tejakumArajI, deveMdrakumArajI, bahana subhadrA, indu, kamalAbAI, vINAbAI Adi zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI sevA evaM sadbhAva bhI smaraNIya hai aura sabhI ke maMgala kI zubhakAmanA karatI huuN| mere lie Aja yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki dIrghakAlika pratIkSA ke pazcAt yaha zodhagraMtha DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke prayatnoM aura zrI gujarAtI bIsA poravAr3a dhArmika evaM pAramArthika nyAsa, zujAlapura evaM muthA parivAra, ujjaina ke artha sahayoga se prAcyavidyApITha dvArA prakAzita ho rahA hai| isa avasara para DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka saMsthA prAcyavidyApITha evaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha tathA prupha saMzodhaka DaoN. zrI tejasiMhajI gaur3a mudraka AkRti oNphaseTa Adi sabhI ke prati maMgalakAmanA karatI huuN| - sAdhvI pramodakumArI

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana prAkkathana prathama adhyAya viSaya praveza RSibhASita kA racanAkAla RSibhASita kI viSaya vastu RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI paraMparA RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kA kAla RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke mukhya viSaya (1) nAradaRSi (2) vajjiyaputra (3) asitadevala (4) aMgirasa (5) puSpazAlaputra (6) valkalacIrI (7) kumbhAputra (8) ketalIputra ( 9 ) mahAkAzyapa (10) tetalIputra (11) maMkhaliputra viSaya sUcI (12) jaNNavakka (yAjJavalkya) (13) metejjabhayAlI (14) bAhuka (15) madhurAyaNa (16) zoryAyaNa (17) vidura (18) vAriSeNakRSNa (19) AriyAyaNa (20) ukkala (21) gAthapatiputrataruNa (22) gaddabhilla 9 pRSTha saMkhyA 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2313153 17 20 21 23 24 27 29 30 31 34 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 46 47 48 48

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10 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI (23) rAmaputta (24) harigiri (25) ambaDa parivrAjaka (26) mAtaGga (27) vArattaka (28) Ardraka (29) varddhamAna (30) vAyu (31) pArzva (32) piMga (33) mahAzAlaputra aruNa (34) RSigiri (35) uddAlaka (36) nArAyaNa (tArAyaNa) (37) zrIgiri (38) sAriputta (39) saMjaya (velaTThIputta) (40) dIvAyaNa (dvaipAyana) (41) indranAga (42) soma (43) yama (44) varuNa (45) vaizramaNa dvitIya adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAdita jJAnavAda (1) jJAna kA mahattva (2) bhASA-viveka (3) jJAnamImAMsA kA abhAva (4) jJAnadAna kA mahattva (5) RSibhASita meM kucha jJAnamImAMsIya zabda (a) sarvajJa (ba) vijJAna (sa) buddhi mati aura medhaa|

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15 77 04 84 R4 Xh 86 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana tRtIya adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAdita tattvamImAMsA (1) RSibhASita meM pratipAdita sRSTi mImAMsA (2) sRSTi kA mUla tattva (3) lokasRSTA kA prazna (4) sRSTi brahma kI mAyA nahIM (5) vizva anAdi ananta (6) RSibhASita meM sRSTi ke anAdi anaMta hone kA tAtparya (7) vizva ke mUla tattva kA svarUpa (8) sRSTi ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM pArzva kA dRSTikoNa (9) sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM zrIgiri kA dRSTikoNa (10) sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM utkalavAdiyoM ke vicAra (a) sRSTi kA bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa (1) bhautikavAda (2) jIvazarIravAda (3) santativAda (4) zUnyavAda (5) skandhavAda (6) Atma-akartAvAda (7) paMcAstikAyavAda (11) RSibhASita meM varNita gati kA siddhAnta caturtha adhyAya RSibhASita meM varNita karmasiddhAnta (1) karmasiddhAnta : naitikatA kI pUrvamAnyatA (2) karmasvataH phalapradAtA (3) karma paramparA kI anAditA (4) karmaphala-vipAka svakRta yA parakRta (5) karmaphala saMvibhAga (6) karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA AdhAra (7) karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra saMkalpa (8) zubhAzubha kA atikramaNa (9) puNya (zubha) kI mUlyavattA (10) karmabandhana ke kAraNa (11) aSTavidha karma granthi (12) karma kA svarUpa (13) karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ 06 96 97 98 99 100 102 103 104 105 106 107

Page #14
12 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI (14) karma aura karmaphala kA saMbaMdha 108 (15) karma se mukti| 109 paMcama adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAditA manovijJAna (1) mAnava mana kI jaTilatA 110 (2) vyaktittva kA doharApana 110 (3) vyaktittva ke dvaita kI samApti kaise? 111 (4) indriyA~ aura unake viSaya 112 (5) indriya damana kA tAtparya 113 (6) sukha-duHkha prANIya anubhUti ke keMdra 114 (7) du:kha kA svarUpa 115 (8) duHkha vimukti kA upAya 116 (9) apramatta dazA kA svarUpa / 119 (10) kaSAya aura usakA svarUpa 121 (11) kaSAyoM kI saMhAraka shkti| 123 SaSTha adhyAya RSibhASita kA naitika darzana (1) RSibhASita kI AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi 125 (2) niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kA samanvaya 126 (3) RSibhASita meM puruSArthavAda / 129 (4) RSibhASita meM puruSArthavAda kA samarthana (5) RSibhASita kA nivRttimArgI jIvana darzana 130 (6) naitika mAnadaNDa 133 (7) naitika mUlyAMkana kA AdhAra-bAhya ghaTanA aura mnovRtti| 136 saptama adhyAya RSibhASita kA sAdhanA mArga (a) RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kA sAdhanA mArga 139 (1) nArada RSi dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 140 (2) vajjiyaputta dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 140 (3) asitadevala dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 140 (4) aMgirasa dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 140 (5) puSpazAla RSi kA sAdhanA mArga 141 (6) valkalacIrI kA sAdhanA mArga 141 (7) kurmAputra dvArA upadiSTa sAdhanA mArga 141 (8) ketakIputra dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 142 (9) mahAkAzyapa dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 142 (10) tetalIputra kA sAdhanA mArga 143 129

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13 143 143 144 144 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana (11) maMkhalIputra dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga (12) yAjJavalkya kA sAdhanA mArga (13) bhayAlI dvArA upadiSTa sAdhanA mArga (14) bAhuka dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 144 (15) madhurAyaNa dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 144 (16) soriyAyaNa kA sAdhanA mArga (17) vidura dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 145 (18) vAriSeNa dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga 145 (19) AryAyaNa kA samanvita mokSa mArga 145 (20) utkaTavAdiyA~ kA nirvANa saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa 145 (21) gAthApati-taruNa kA jJAna mArga 146 (22) gardabhAlI kA dhyAna mArga 146 (23) rAmaputra kA caturvidha sAdhanA mArga 147 (24) hirigiri kA karma vimukti mArga 147 (25) ambaDa kA saMyama sAdhanA mArga 148 (26) mAtaMga RSi kA adhyAtma mArga 148 (27) vArattaka RSi kA dhyAna evaM svAdhyAya kA sAdhanA mArga 149 (28) Ardraka kA saMyama mArga 149 (29) vardhamAna kA pApa-vAraNa kA mArga 149 (30) vAyu dvArA prastuta zubhAcaraNa kA saMdeza 150 (31) pArzva kA cAturyAma 151 (32) piMga RSi dvArA prastuta AdhyAtmika kRSi 151 (33) aruNa RSi dvArA prastuta sAdhanA mArga (34) RSigirI kA saMyama sAdhanA mArga 152 (35) uddAlaka kA kaSAya-jaya kA sAdhanA mArga 153 (36) nArAyaNa RSi kI krodha-vijaya kI sAdhanA paddhati 154 (37) zrI giri kA AcAra mArga (38) sAriputra kA madhyama mArga 155 (39) saMjaya dvArA prastuta Atma zodhana kI paddhati 156 (40) dvaipAyana kI icchA jaya kI sAdhanA paddhati 157 (41) indranAga kA indriya saMyama kA sAdhanA mArga 157 (42) soma kI ahiMsaka jIvana dRSTi 158 (43) yamaRSi kI samatva kI sAdhanA paddhati 158 (44) varuNa kI vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA vidhi 159 152 155

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14 (45) vaizramaNa kI AtmArtha kI sAdhanA (ba) RSibhASita meM sAdhanA kI AcAra saMhitA (1) cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata (2) paMcasamiti evaM bhikSA vidhi (3) trigupti (4) bAIsa pariSaha (5) sacce zramaNa kA svarUpa (6) sacce brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa / aSTama adhyAya RSibhASita meM varNita sAmAjika darzana aura cintana (1) vyakti saMskAra se samAja saMskAra (2) sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana kA dvaita (3) RSibhASita aura nArI samAja (4) RSibhASita aura pArivArika saMbaMdha (5) RSibhASita aura varNavyavasthA (6) RSibhASita aura puruSArtha catuSTaya navama adhyAya - upasaMhAra -0 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 159 159 162 168 170 173 174 176 177 178 179 180 183 184

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 15 prathama adhyAya viSaya praveza RSibhASita-grantha paricaya RSibhASita prAkRta bhASA meM racita jaina paraMparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa prAcInatama Agama graMtha hai| jaina paraMparA meM Agama granthoM kA vahI sthAna hai jo bauddhoM meM tripiTaka kA, hindU dharma meM vedoM kA, isAIyoM meM bAibila kA aura islAma meM kurAna kA hai| jaina paraMparA meM ina Agama graMthoM ko aMga aura aMgabAhya meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| digambara paraMparA meM bAraha aMga aura caudaha aMgabAhya graMthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu tattvArtha kI digambara TIkAoM aura dhavalA Adi meM ina aMga aura aMgabAhya graMthoM ke jo nAma milate haiM unameM RSibhASita kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM zvetAmbara paraMparA apane aMga AgamoM ko vartamAna meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 cheda sUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 2 cUlikA sUtra, aura 10 prakIrNakoM meM vibhAjita karatI hai| vartamAna meM ina nAmoM ke sabhI graMtha milate haiN| kintu unameM bhI RSibhASita kA ullekhana nahIM haiN| kintu jaba hama jaina Agama sAhitya saMbaMdhI prAcIna ullekhoM kI ora jAte haiM to naMdIsUtra (I. san pA~cavIM zatI) aura pAkSika sUtra meM aMgabAhyoM meM kAlika sUtroM ke jo nAma diye gaye haiM, unameM, aura umAsvAti ke svopajJa tattvArtha bhASya meM bhI, jo 1. a- atyAhiyAro duviho-aMgabAhiro aMgapaiTako vedi| tattha aMgabAhirassa coddasa atthaahiyaaraa| taMjahA-1 samajhAiye 2 vauvIsatthao 3 vaMdaNA 4 paDikkamaNa 5 veNairya 6 kidiyammaM 7 dasaveyAliyaM 8 uttarajjhayaNaM 1 kappavavahAro 10 kappAkappiyaM 11 mahAkappiyaM 12 puMDarIyaM 13 mahApuMDarIyaM, 14 nisIhiyaM cedi| dhavalA, pR.96 ba- dvibhedamaMgabAhyatvAdaMgarUpatvataH shrutm| anekabhedambaikaM kaalkiotkaalikaadikm||-tttvaarth-shlokvaartik, 1/20/14 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 1 bhUmikA, pR. 37 paMDita dalasukha maalvnniyaa| 3. a- se kiM taM kAliyaM? kAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM, taMjahA-1 uttarajjhayaNAI, 2 dasAo, 3 kappo, 4 vavahAro, 5 nisIhaM, 6 mahAnisIhaM, 7 isibhAsiyAI, 8 jaMbUdIvapaNNattI, 9 diivsaagrpnnnnttii| "nandIsUtra"-43 ba- namo tesiM khamAsamANaM jehiM imaM vAiaM aMgabAhiraM kAliaM bhgvtN| taMjahA-1 uttaraljhayaNAI, 2 dasAo, 3 kappo, 4 vavahAro, 5 isibhAsyiAiM, 6 nisIhaM, 7 mahAnisIhaM 4- pakkhiyasutta-pR 79 (devananda lAlabhAI pustakodvAra phaNDa sirIja kramAMka 99)

Page #18
DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI aMgabAhya sUtroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai, usameM RSibhASita kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra prAcIna ullekhoM meM RSibhASita aMgabAhya kAlika Agama meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM jina dasa graMthoM para niyuktikAra ne niyukti likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai unameM se RSibhASita bhI eka hai| kintu isake pUrva bhI hameM 'sthAnAMgasUtra' ' meM praznavyAkaraNa dazA ke jina 10 adhyAyoM kA nAma nirdeza milatA hai usameM bhI eka kA nAma RSibhASita hai / " isI prakAra samavAyAMgasUtra ke 44 veM samavAya meM bhI RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayanoM ke hone kA ullekha hai|' ina saba AdhAroM para yaha nizcita hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ko eka Agama graMtha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiya jAtA thA, kintu isake bAda isa grantha kI upekSA hone lgii| praznavyAkaraNadazA ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM isakA aMga AgamoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA, kintu ise usase alaga kara diyA gayA, kucha samaya taka ise aMgabAhya yA prakIrNakoM ke aMtargata, mAnyatA dI gaI, kintu vahA~ se bhI dhIre-dhIre isakA sthAna gauNa hotA gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM jina 10 prakIrNakoM ke ullekha milate haiM unameM RSibhASita kA nAma nahIM hai| kintu jaina paraMparA meM paravartI kAla meM paristhitivaza isa graMtha kI jo upekSA huI, usase isa graMtha kA mahattva evaM mUlya kama nahIM ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jaina paraMparA aura saMpUrNa prAkRta sAhitya meM yahI ekamAtra aisA graMtha hai jo jaina dharma kI udAratA aura sahiSNutA kA pratinidhi grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 16 RSibhASita kA jo mahattva hai usake aneka kAraNa hai / sarvaprathama to yaha eka aisA grantha hai, jo sarvadharma samabhAva kA paricAyaka hai kyoMki isa graMtha meM na kevala jaina paraMparA ke apitu bauddha, vaidika aura anya zrAmaNika paraMparAoM ke RSiyoM ke upadeza 5. 6. baahymnekvidhm| tadyathA--1 sAmAyikaM, 2 caturvizati stavaH, 3 vaMdanaM, 4 pratikramaNaM, 5 kAyavyutsargaH 6 pratyAkhyAnaM, 7 dazavaikAliMka, 8 uttarAdhyAyAH, 9 dazA, 10 kalpavyavahArau, 11 nizIthaM, 12 Rssibhaassitaaniityevmaadi| tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (svopajJabhASya ) 1/20 (devacanda lAlabhAI puskodvAra phaNDa, krama saMkhyA 57 ) zrImad rAyacandra Azrama agAsa, pR. 42 a- kAliyasuyaM ca isibhAsiyAI taio ya sUrapaNNattI / ba savvo ya diTTivAo cautthao hoI aNuogo ||12411 (bhU.bhA.) tathA RSibhASitAni uttarAdhyayanAdIni "tRtIyazcakAlAnuyoga : " Avazyaka hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR. 206 Avassassa dasavAliassa taha uttrjjhynnmaayaare| sUyagaDe nijjutiM vucchAmi tahA dasANaM ca / / kapparasa ya nijjutiM vavahArasseva parabhaNiuNassa / sUriapaNNattIe vucchaM isbhiAsiANaM c|| - Avazyaka niryukti 84-85 7. pahAvagaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA pantA, taMjahA 1 uvamA, 2 saMkhA, 3 isi bhAsiyAI, 4 AyariyabhAsitAI, 5 mahAvIrabhAsitAiM, 6 khomapasiNAI, 7 komalapasiNAI, 8 adyAgapasiNAI, 9 aMguTThakapasiNAI, 10 bAhupasiNA / ThANaM sutte, dasamaM ajjhayANaM dasa ThANaM (mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya saMskaraNa, pR. 311 ) 8 covAlIsa ajjhaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogavuyA bhAgasiyA paNNattA / - samavAyAMgasUtra- 44

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17 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana saMkalita haiN| bhArata kI sabhI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa paraMparAoM ke RSiyoM ke vacanoM kA eka sthAna para saMkalana yadi kisI graMtha meM upalabdha hotA hai to vaha 'RSibhASita' hI hai| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sabhI paraMparAoM ke RSiyoM ko arhat RSi jaise sammAnapUrNa vizeSaNa se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| ataH vartamAna yuga meM hama jisa dhArmika sahiSNutA aura sarvadharma sambhAva kI bAta karanA cAhate haiM usakA yaha eka pratinidhi graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH yaha eka aisA graMtha hai jo vartamAna saMdarbha meM apanI upayogitA ko sArthaka kara rahA hai| sampradAya nirapekSa tathA sabhI paraMparAoM ko samAna mahattva dene vAle isa graMtha kI mahattA nirvivAda hai| mAtra yahI nahIM apanI bhASA zailI kI prAcInatA aura viSaya vastu kI prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| IsA pUrva 7vIM zatAbdI aura usake pahale bhArata ke sabhI paraMparAoM ke RSi-maharSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM yahI ekamAtra saMkalana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahe to yaha eka aisA graMtha rahA hai jo ina RSiyoM ke upadezoM ko janasAmAnya kI bhASA meM prastuta karatA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha isa graMtha kI prAcInatA bhI isake mahattva ko suspaSTa karatI hai| graMtha meM jina RSiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM ve saba IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva ke haiN| isameM aupaniSadika yuga ke aneka RSiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM jo isakI prAcInatA aura isake mahattva ko prastuta karate haiN| yAjJavalkya, nArada, asitadevala, arUNa, ArUNI-uddAlaka Adi aneka aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke ullekha isake mahattva aura mUlya ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| RSibhASita kA racanA kAla RSibhASita meM hameM na to usake racayitA ke nAma kA ullekha prApta hotA hai aura na usake racanAkAla kA hI koI ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa graMtha meM jina RSiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai unameM koI bhI aisA nahIM hai jo IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda huA ho, isalie isa graMtha kI pUrva kAlika avadhi IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ho sakatI hai| isa graMtha kA sarvaprathama nirdeza 'sthAnAMgasUtra' meM milatA hai| sthAnAMga kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga cha: sau varSa pazcAt mAnA jAtA hai, ataH RSibhASita IsA pUrva kI pA~cavIM zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke bIca kabhI nirmita huA hogaa| RSibhASita ke racanAkAla ke saMdarbha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne RSibhASita kI bhUmikA meM vistArapUrvaka carcA kii| unake anusAra "yaha graMtha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara saMpUrNa prAkRta jaina Agama sAhitya evaM pAli tripiTaka sAhitya se prAcIna hai| unhoMne isakI prAcInatA ko siddha karane ke saMdarbha meM mukhyarUpa se bhASAgata aura viSayavastugata tarka diye haiN| ve likhate haiM ki yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki yaha graMtha jaina dharma aura saMgha ke suvyavasthita hone ke pUrva likhA gayA thaa| isa graMtha ke adhyayana se spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isake racanAkAla taka jaina saMgha meM sAmpradAyika

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI abhiniveza kA pUrNataH abhAva thA / ..... yadi hama jaina dharma sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke maMkhalI gozAlaka vAlA prakaraNa sUtrakRtAMga aura upAsakadazAMga kI upekSA bhI paryApta paravartI siddha hogA, kyoMki usameM maMkhalI gozAlaka ke caritra kA nimnastarIya citraNa hai| sUtrakRtAMga, upAsakadazAMga, bhagavatI tathA pAlitripiTaka ke aneka graMtha maikhalI gozAlaka kA niyativAda ke prastotA ke rUpa meM na kevala ullekha karate haiM, apitu usakA khaNDana bhI karate haiM / phira bhI jaina Agama graMthoM kI apekSA 'suttanipAta' meM maikhalI gozAlaka kI gaNanA buddha ke samakAlIna cha: tIrthaMkaroM meM karake unake mahattva aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA varNana avazya kiyA gayA hai, kintu pAlitripiTaka ke prAcInatama graMtha 'sUttanipAta' kI apekSA bhI RSibhASita meM use arhat RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| ataH dhArmika udAratA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita kI racanA pAlitripiTaka kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hai / 9 18 yadi hama isI dRSTi se suttanipAta para vicAra karate haiM to yaha pAte haiM ki jitanI udAratA RSibhASita meM haiM utanI udAratA suttanipAta meM bhI nahIM hai / suttanipAta meM bhI RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM jaise nArada, asitadevala, piMga, maMkhalIputra, saMjaya velaTThIputta Adi kintu usameM ina sabhI RSiyoM ko buddha se nimna hI batAyA gayA hai| ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki RSibhASita hI pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM eka aisA graMtha hai jo sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se pUrI taraha mukta hai / yadi hama bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti kA adhyayana karate haiM to spaSTarUpa se yaha pAte haiM, ki dhArmika saMpradAyoM ke prati AgrahoM kA vikAsa eka paravartI kAla kI ghaTanA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM pratyeka dharma sampradAya meM bhI dhArmika Agraha kramazaH hI dRDhabhUta hote haiN| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki jaina ora bauddha sampradAyoM ke sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta graMthoM kI apekSA sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se mukta RSibhASita prAcIna hai| yadi hama RSibhASita kI bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki usakI bhASA, chanda, yojanA, Adi AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga tathA 'suttanipAta' ke adhika nikaTa hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita ardhamAgadhI kI racanA hai| punaH isakI ardhamAgadhI, vartamAna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI apekSA prAcIna stara kI hai| isameM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva nagaNya hai| yadi hama suttanipAtta aura RSibhASita kI bhASA ko samAnAntara rUpa se parakheM to bahuta adhika nikaTatA pratIta hotI hai| isI prakAra RSibhASita kI chanda yojanA bhI suttanipAta ke adhika nikaTa hai| RSibhASita aura suttanipAta ke zabda - rUpa saMskRta zabdoM ke jitane nikaTa haiM utanI nikaTatA na to ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke anya graMthoM ke zabdarUpoM meM 'isibhAsiyAI' bhUmikA- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR 4-6 9.

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana hai aura na pAlitripiTaka meN| 'zubiMga' ne isake zabda rUpoM aura zabda yojanA kI samIkSA karake yahI mAnA hai ki apekSAkRta rUpa se yaha eka prAcIna graMtha hai| RSibhASita meM AtmA ke lie 'Atma' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo ki prAcIna hai jabaki isase paravartI jaina Agama sAhitya ke graMthoM meM AcArAMga ko chor3akara anyatra Atma zabda kA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| isake sthAna para unameM 'attA' 'appA' 'AtA' 'AdA' Adi zabda-rUpa prayukta hue haiM, jo ki paravartI hai| jahA~ RSibhASita meM 'tazruti' kI pradhAnatA hai vahA~ anya Agama sAhitya meM isake lopa ko tathA 'ya' zruti kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, ataH bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI RSibhASita AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara anya Agama sAhitya kI apekSA pUrvavartI siddha hotA hai| rUpakoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI hama yaha pAte haiM ki 'sUtrakRtAMga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika' tathA 'pAlisuttanipAta' ke aneka rUpaka aura gAthAoM ke caraNa RSibhASita meM pAye jAte haiN| inake vistRta tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki ye rUpaka aura gAthAoM ke caraNa RSibhASita se hI ina jaina aura bauddha graMthoM meM gae haiM kyoki jahA~ RSibhASita meM ye rUpaka sAmAnya rUpa se prastuta kiye gaye haiM vahA~ uttarAdhyayana, suttanipAta Adi meM ye rUpaka yA to buddha ke sAtha jor3e gae haiM yA kisI kathAnaka ke sAtha jor3akara prastuta kie gae haiN|1 / yadi hama dArzanika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kareM to hameM RSibhASita jaina aura boddha dharma-darzana saMbaMdhI anya graMtheM kI apekSA prAcIna pratIta hotA haiM kyoMki isameM 'paicAstikAya', 'aSTavidha karma', AtmA aura pudgala kI gati Adi ke saMdarbha meM jo siddhAnta prasta kiye gaye haiM ve apane prAthamika rUpa meM hI hai| RSibhASita meM bauddha paraMparA ke vAtsIyaputra, mahAkAzyapa, sAriputta Adi ke jo siddhAMta milate haiM unameM mAtra santativAda aura kSaNikavAda kA ullekha hai| paravartI bauddha siddhAMta pratItyasamutpAda Adi ke ullekha bhI isameM nahIM haiN| 10. See- Isibhasyaim page 8-9 Introduction by Walther Schubring, L.D.Institute, Ahemadabad, 9, 1974 11. ahaM ca bhoyarAyassa taM ca si andhgvnnhinno| mA kule gandhaNa homo, saMjamaM nihuo cr|| -uttarAdhyayana 22/44 pakkhaMde jaliya joI, dhUmakeuM duraasyN| necchanti vaMtayaM bhottuM, kule jAyA aNgdhnne|| -dazavaikAlika 2/6 anyale kula jAto, jadhA nAgo mhaaviso| muMcitA savisaM bhUto, piyanto jAtI laaghvN|| -isibhAsiyAI 45/40

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI RSibhASita meM jina aitihAsika RSiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM koI bhI aisA nahIM hai jo mahAvIra aura buddha se paravartI ho| jinavajjIputta kA ullekha RSibhASita meM haiM ve bhI pAlitripiTaka ke AdhAra para buddha ke laghusamavayaska hI siddha hote haiN| ina saba AdhAroM para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita eka prAcIna graMtha hai| aneka aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke ullekha aura unake upadezoM kI upaniSadoM meM varNita upadezoM se samAnatA bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki yaha prAkRta graMtha aupaniSadika sAhitya kA samasAmayika hai yA usase kicit hI paravartI hai| DaoN sAgara mala jaina ne isake racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA I. pUrva pA~cavIM zatI aura aMtima sImA IsavI pUrva 3rI zatAbdI ke madhya nizcita kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki "merI dRSTi meM isake racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA IsA pUrva pA~cavIM zatI aura antima sImA IsA pUrva tIsarI zatI ke bIca hI hai| mujhe antaH aura bAhya sAkSyoM meM koI bhI aisA saMketa nahIM milA jo ise isa kAlAvadhi se paravartI siddha kreN|"12 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita eka prAcInatama grantha hai aura vaha hamAre sAmane saMpUrNa bhAratIya RSi paraMparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| ataH jo loga ise mAtra jaina paraMparA kA eka graMtha mAnakara upekSita kara dete haiM ve eka bahuta bar3I galatI karate haiN| vastutaH yaha sampradAya nirapekSa aura saMpUrNa bhArata kI RSi paraMparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isakA aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI apanA mahattva hai| kyoki isameM aneka aise RSiyoM ke aura unakI mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha prastuta haiM jo anyatra kahIM bhI hameM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| ataH darzana aura dharma ke itihAsa aura bhArata kI sahiSNutAvAdI udAra dhArmika dRSTi se isake mahattva ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| RSibhASita kI viSayavastu jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM-RSibhASita meM brAhmaNa, jaina, bauddha aura anya zramaNa paraMparAoM ke 45 RSiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| jahA~ taka inake upadezoM kI viSayavastu kA prazna hai, unameM mukhyarUpa se tattva-darzana evaM AcAra saMbaMdhI vivecanA pAyA jAtA hai| AcAra mArga saMbaMdhI upadeza hI RSibhASita kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai| jahA~ taka RSibhASita ke tattvamImAMsA saMbaMdhI vivecanoM kA prazna hai isameM bhautikavAdI aura adhyAtmavAdI donoM hI dRSTikoNoM kA prastutikaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM pratipAdita vicAra mukhyarUpa se cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha dArzanika paraMparAoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| yadyapi isameM aneka brAhmaNa RSiyoM ke upadeza bhI saMkalita haiN| unake mukhya vivecya viSaya AcAramImAMsA yA sadAcAra ke upadeza hI haiN| sarvaprathama hama RSibhASita meM varNita RSiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kareMge aura unakI paraMparAoM kA nizcaya karane kA prayatna kreNge| 12. 'isibhAsiyAI' bhUmikA-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 9

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI paraMparA RSibhASita ke nimna 45 adhyAyoM meM 45 RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prastutikaraNa huA hai|13 mAtra 20 veM utkaTavAdI nAmaka adhyAya meM prastotA kisI RSi ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| isa adhyAya meM bhautikavAdI vicAroM kA prastutIkaraNa huA hai| ___ 1-nArada (nArada) 2-vajjiyaputta (vAtsIya putra) 3- davila (asita devala) 4- aMgarisi (aMgirasa bhAradvAja), 5- pupphasAla (puSpazAlaputra) 6- vakkalavIri (vakkalacIrI), 7-kummAputta (kUrmAputra), 8-ketaliputta (ketalIputra), 9-mahAkAsava (mahAkAzyapa), 10-tetalIputta (tetalIputra),11- maMkhaliputta (maMkhaliputra), 12jaNNavakka (yAjJavalkya), 13- bhayAli (bhayAli), 14- bAhuka (bAhuka), 15madhurAyaNa (madhurAyaNa), 16- soriyAyaNa (zoryAyaNa), 17- vidura (vidura), 18varisava (vAriSeNa kRSNa), 19-AriyAyaNa (AriyAyaNa), 20- ukkala (utkaTa), 21- gAhAvaI (gAthApati putra tarUNa), 22- gaddabha (gardabhAla), 23- rAmaputta (rAmaputra), 24- harigiri (harigiri), 25- aMbar3a (aMbar3a parivrAjaka), 26-mAtaMga (mAtaGga), 27-vArattaya (vArajaka), 28- adda (Ardraka), 29- vaddhamANa (varddhamAna), 30- vou (vAyu), 31- pAsa (pArzva)32- piMga (piMga), 33- arUNa (mahAzAlaputra arUNa), 34- isigiri (RSigiri), 35- addAlaa (uddAlaka), 36- tArAyaNa (nArAyaNa), 37- sirigiri (zrIgiri), 38- sAIputta (sAriputra), 39- saMjai (saMjaya), 40- dIvAyaNa (dvaipAyana), 41- indanAga (indranAga), 42- soma (soma), 43- jama (yama), 44-varUNa (varUNa) aura 45- vesamaNijja (vaishrmnn)| ina RSiyoM ko kisI paraMparA vizeSa meM bAMdhanA eka kaThina kArya haiM. kyoMki inameM kucha RSi to aise haiM jinake nAmollekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paraMparAoM meM milate haiN| ata: unheM kisa paraMparA kA mAnA jAya yaha nizcita karanA eka kaThina kArya hai| isI prakAra isameM kucha RSi aise bhI haiM jinakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA hai, ataH ve kisa paraMparA vizeSa se saMbaddha rahe hoMge yaha Aja nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi RSibhASita ke uparyukta RSiyoM kI paraMparA kA nirdhAraNa karane kA eka prayatna pro. zubiMga ne apanI 'isibhAsiyAI' kI bhUmikA 13 - A. Isibhasyaim page -3 Introduction by Walther Schubring, L.D.Institute, Ahemadabad, 9 nArada-vajjiya-putte, asite aMgarisi-puSphasAle yA vakkalakummA keyali, kAsava taha tetaliputte yaa|2|| maMkhalijaNNabhayAli, bAhuya mahusoriyAyaNa viduu| varisekaNhai Ariya, ukkala gAhAvaI trunne||3|| gaddabha rAmeya tahA, harigiri ambar3a mayaMga vaarttaa| tatto ya addae vaddhamANa vAU ya tiistime||4|| pAse piMge aruNe, isigiri adAlae ya vitte ya sirigiri sAtiyaputte, saMjaya dIvAyaNe cev||5| tatto ya iMdaNAge, soma yame ceva hoI varuNe y| vesamaNe ya mahappA, cattA paMceva akkhaae| 1; -'isibhAsiyAI' prathama saMgrahaNI gAbhA.. .

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22 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI meM kiyA hai| unake anusAra- yAjJavalkya, bAhuka aruNa, mahAzAlaputra, aura uddAlaka, spaSTa rUpa se aupaniSadika paraMparA ke RSi haiN| kyoMki inake nAmoM kA nirdeza upaniSadoM meM huA hai| inake atirikta nArada asitadevala AMgirasa vidura aura bhAradvAja ke ullekha bhI hameM aupaniSadika sAhitya meM mila jAte haiN| isa prakAra uparyukta dasa RSi spaSTatayA aupaniSadika paraMparA ke haiN| isake atirikta piMga RSigiri aura zrIgiri ke nAmoM ke sAtha brAhmaNa parivrAjaka aisA spaSTa vizeSaNa huA hai / ataH ye tInoM bhI brAhmaNa paraMparA se hI saMbaMdhita pratIta hote haiN| inake atirikta ambA ko bhI parivrAjaka kahA gayA hai, jaina kathA srotoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ambaDa pahale parivrAjaka thA bAda meM vaha nirgrantha paraMparA kA anuyAyI bana gayA, ataH use ina donoM paraMparAoM ke sAtha jur3A huA mAnanA hogaa| 'ambaDa' nAmaka adhyayana meM hI yaugandharAyaNa kA bhI ullekha huA hai| RSibhASita meM ambaDa se inakA saMvAda ullikhita hai| ataH ye bhI brAhmaNa paraMparA ke hI RSi haiN| yadyapi madhurAyaNa, AryAyaNa aura nArAyaNa (tArAyaNa) ke nAmoM ke sAtha koI viziSTa vizeSaNa nahIM lagA huA hai, mAtra inheM arhana RSi kahA gayA hai| kintu hamArI dRSTi meM ye bhI brAhmaNa paraMparA se hI saMbaMdhita pratIta hote haiN| nArAyaNa aura madhurAyaNa kA ullekha brAhmaNa paraMparA meM kahIM nahIM huA haiN| yadyapi hameM usakA saMdarbha prApta nahIM ho sakA hai| zubiMga " evaM pro. sI. esa. upAsaka'" ne mahAkAzyapa sAriputta aura vAtsIya putra ko spaSTatayA bauddha paraMparA kA batAyA hai| unakI yaha mAnyatA samucita bhI hai| anya kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM iMdranAga bhI bauddha paraMparA se saMbaMdhita hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unakA AdhAra kyA hai yaha hameM jJAta nahIM hotA hai, punaH unake upadezoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina hai| ki ve kisa paraMparA ke haiN| isI prakAra vardhamAna aura pArzva ko hama spaSTarUpa se nirgrantha paraMparA ke sAtha jor3a sakate haiN| Ardraka kA ullekha bhI jaina paraMparA meM spaSTatayA milatA hai, ata: unheM bhI nirgrantha paraMparA kA RSi mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / 17 jahA~ taka maMkhaliputra kA prazna hai, ve spaSTarUpa se AjIvika paraMparA ke haiN| isI prakAra saMjaya, jinakA ullekha saMjayavellaTThIputta ke rUpa meM buddha ke samakAlIna chaH tIrthaMkaroM ke rUpa meM huA haiM, ko bhI hama svataMtra zramaNa paraMparA kA RSi mAna sakate haiN| yahI sthiti rAmaputta kI bhI hai| inake atirikta puSpazAlaputta, ketalIputta, gAthApati putta, harigiri, mAtaMga aura vAyu ke nAma ke sAtha kisI spaSTa saMketa ke abhAva meM kisI bhI paraMparA 14. I.B.K.D., p.3-7 15. I.B.K.D., p.3-7 16. Aspects of Jaionology, Edited by Prof. M.A. Dhaky and Dr. Sagarmal Jain, page G.S. Upasak Isibhasyaim and Buddhist Text Page. 17. 'isibhAsiyAI' bhUmikA- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 20

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana se jor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai| ina RSiyoM kI paraMparA ke nirdhAraNa karane meM svayaM zubiMga ne bhI asamarthatA vyakta kI hai|18 RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kA kAla jahA~ taka ina RSiyoM ke kAla kA prazna hai nizcita rUpa se usakA nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina kArya hai| yadyapi jaina AcAryoM ne RSibhASita kI saMgrahaNI gAthA meM tathA isImaNDala meM ina RSiyoM meM se prathama 20 ko ariSTanemi ke kAla kA, usake pazcAta 15 ko pArzva ke kAla kA aura zeSa 10 ko mahAvIra ke kAla kA batAyA hai| kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA nirvivAda nahIM kahIM jA sakatI, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM unatIsaveM krama para sthita vardhamAna ko pArzva ke yuga kA aura 40 veM krama para sthita dvaipAyana ko mahAvIra ke kAla kA mAnanA hogaa| isI taraha bArahaveM krama para sthita maMkhaligozAla ariSTanemi ke kAla ke RSi hoNge| jaba ki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki dvaiyApana ariSTanemi ke kAla ke RSi hai vahIM maMkhaligozAla mahAvIra ke samakAlIna haiN| vardhamAna to svayaM mahAvIra haiM hI, ataH paravartI jaina AcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA ina RSiyoM ke kAlakrama kA yaha nirdhAraNa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| ina RSiyoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa ke saMbaMdha meM zubiMga ne bhI apanI bhUmikA meM koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai| ataH ina RSiyoM kA kAlakrama nirdhAraNa karanA abhI bhI eka kaThina samasyA hI banI huI hai| yadyapi inameM se kucha RSi aise haiM jinake kAla nirdhAraNa kI koI samasyA nahIM hai, jaise pArzva (IsA pUrva 8 vIM zatI) vardhamAna (IsA pUrva chaThI zatI) maMkhaligozAla (IsA pUrva chaThI zatI), saMjaya (IsA pUrva chaThI zatI) rAmaputta (IsA pUrva 7 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) ambaDa, vajjiyaputta, sAriputta aura mahAkAzyapa (sabhI IsA pUrva chaThI zatI) jahA~ taka aupaniSadika RSiyoM yathA-yAjJavalkya, arUNa, uddAlaka, aMgirasa, bhAradvAja Adi evaM brAhmaNa paraMparA ke anya RSiyoM ke kAla kA prazna hai unakA nizcita kAla to nahIM batAyA jA sakatA, kintu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve sabhI IsA pUrva chaThI zatI ke pahale hue haiN| isameM vidura, nArada, dvaipAyana Adi aneka RSi mahAbhArata kAla se saMbaMdhita haiN| ___ jahA~ taka RSibhASita meM ullikhita RSiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hai unameM se kucha kI aitihAsikatA to sunizcita hai, jaise-nArada, vajjiyaputta, asitadevala, aMgirasa, mahAkAzyapa, maMkhaliputta, yAjJavalkya, bhagAlI, bAhuka, vidura, rAmaputta, ambaDa, vardhamAna, pArzva, uddAlaka, aruNa, sAriputta, saMjaya (vellaTThIputta), dvaipAyana 18. Isibhasyaim p.-4 Introduction by Walther Schubring, L.D.Institute, Ahemadabad, 9, 19- patteyabuddhamisiNo, vIsaM tItthe aritttthnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNara dasa vIrassa viliinnmohss||1|| .. -'isibhAsiyAI sUttAI' prathama saMgrahaNI gaathaa|

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24 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI Adi / yadyapi ye sabhI IsavI pUrva chaThI zatI se pahale ke haiM / jaina, bauddha athavA brAhmaNa paraMparA meM inake jo ullekha milate haiM, usase aitihAsikatA kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| valkalaciri, gardabhilla, mAtaMga, Ardraka, piMga aura indranAga ke bhI ullekha jaina aura bauddha paraMparA meM upalabdha hai, ataH inakI aitihAsikatA meM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kintu jahA~ taka sauriyAyaNa, vAriSeNa, AriyAyaNa, harigiri, vArattaka, RSigiri, tArAyaNa, sirigiri Adi kA prazna hai, inakI aitihAsikatA ko sunizcita karane kA hamAre pAsa RSibhASita ke atirikta anya ko vikalpa nahIM raha gayA hai| phira bhI yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hogA ki ye kAlpanika vyakti haiN| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki RSibhASita ke atirikta anya aitihAsika pramANoM ke abhAva meM hama na to inakI aitihAsikatA ko sunizcita kara sakate haiM aura na yahI kaha sakate haiM ki ye kAlpanika vyakti haiN| vAyu, soma, varuNa, yama aura vaizramaNa ina pA~ca RSiyoM meM se cAra arthAt soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizramaNa, jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa paraMparA meM lokapAla ke rUpa meM mAnya rahe ataH inakI aitihAsikatA ko sunizcita karanA eka kaThina kArya hai, jahA~ taka vAyu kA prazna hai| jaina paraMparA meM vAyubhUti nAmaka gaNadhara kA aura mahAbhArata meM vAyu nAmaka RSi kA ullekha to milatA hai kintu ye vahIM haiM aisA kahanA kaThina hai / yama aura varUNa ke upadezoM ke saMkalana bhI upaSidoM meM upalabdha haiM kintu sAmAnyatayA inheM deva hI mAnA gayA hai| ataH inheM aitihAsika vyakti kahanA kaThina hai| saMbhavata: brAhmaNa paraMparA kA anusaraNa karate hue RSibhASita meM bhI ina cAra lokapAloM ke upadezoM ko saMkalita kiyA hai| kintu isa saMbhAvanA se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ina nAmoM vAle koI RSi bhI hue hoM / RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke mukhya viSaya RSibhASita meM varNita viSayoM ko hama mukhyarUpa se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - (1) dArzanika avadhAraNAe~ (2) dhArmika upadeza aura (3) naitika maanytaaeN| jahA~ taka RSibhASita meM prastuta dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA prazna hai ve mukhya rUpa se hameM utkala nAmaka 20veM adhyAya meM tathA pArzva nAmaka 31 veM adhyAya sirigirI nAmaka 37 veM adhyAya meM milatI hai| inameM utkala adhyayana meM cArvAkoM ke bhautikavAda kA, pArzva adhyayana meM jainoM ke paMcAstikAyavAda kA tathA zrIgiri nAmaka adhyayana meM vizva kI zAzvattA kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu isake atirikta santativAda kI avadhAraNA vajjiyaputta nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM tathA mahAkAzyapa nAmaka 9veM adhyAya meM tathA sAriputta nAmaka 3re adhyAya meM vistAra se milatI hai| isake atirikta RSibhASita meM karma siddhAMta kA bhI vibhinna adhyAyoM meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yadi hama tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM RSibhASita meM bhautikavAda,

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 25 paMcamahAbhUtavAda, paMcAstikAyavAda tathA santativAda ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM jo isa tathya ko sUcita karate haiM ki RSibhASita meM cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM hI zramaNa paraMparAoM ke dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ke bIja upasthita haiN| yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra vaidika paraMparA meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA mImAMsA aura sAMkhya ko chor3akara sabhI darzanoM kA keMdrIya tattva rahI hai, usI taraha se karma siddhAMta zramaNa paraMparAoM kA keMdrIya tattva hai| RSibhASita ke adhikAMza adhyAyoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM karmasiddhAMta kA nirUpaNa pAyA jAtA hai, usameM karma ko hI baMdhana kA mukhya AdhAra batAyA gayA hai aura yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vahI pariNAmoM ke sukha-duHkha kA AdhAra hai| usameM karma bandhana se mukti ko hI jIvana kA lakSya yA carama puruSArtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka RSibhASita meM varNita dhArmika upadezoM kA prazna haiM ve spaSTarUpa se vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vizuddhikaraNa se saMbaMdhita haiN| RSibhASita ke 37veM zrIgiri adhyayana ko chor3akara kisI bhI adhyAya meM hameM dhArmika karmakANDoM ke pratipAdana saMbaMdhita koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zrIgiri adhyayana meM agnihotra kA pratipAdana hai| phira bhI isake adhikAMza RSiyoM ke dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para aisA lagatA hai ki RSibhASita karmakANDIya dharma kA samarthaka na hokara ke usa dharma kA samarthaka hai jo AdhyAtmika vizuddhi kI dazA meM Age le jAtA hai| vAsanA aura kaSAyoM kA vigalana, rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyoM se Upara uThakara samabhAva yA anAsakti kI sAdhanA yahI RSibhASita kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai aura ise hama RSibhASita ke pratyeka adhyAya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM upasthita pAte haiN| dhArmika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM yadi koI pratipAdana hameM RSibhASita meM milatA hai to vaha mAtra dhyAna kA hai| usameM usake gardabhilla nAmaka adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra zarIra meM sira pradhAna hai yA vRkSa ke lie mUla pradhAna hai usI prakAra sabhI sAdhu karmoM meM dhyAna kI pradhAnatA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita meM sarvatra nirvRttimArgI yA sanyAsamArgI paraMparA kA hI samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| usakI isI vizeSatA ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita mukhyataH AdhyAtmika nivRttimArgI zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hai| naitika upadezoM kI dRSTi se RSibhASita yaha mAnakara calatA hai ki vyakti jaisA kArya karatA hai use tadanurUpa hI phala milatA hai aura pariNAmataH zubha karmoM kA 20. sIsaM jahA sarIrassa, jahA mUlaM dumassa yA savvassa sAdhudhammassa, tahA jhANaM vidhiiyte||16|| -isibhAsiyAI 22vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 14

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26 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI phala zubha tathA azubha karmoM kA phala du:kha rUpa hotA hai| yadyapi apanI nivRttimArgI dRSTi ke AdhAra para vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki saMsAra meM jo sukhadAyaka karma haiM ve antataH duHkhadAyI hI hote haiN|22 jahA~ taka RSibhASita ke naitika upadezoM kI viSayavastu kA prazna hai, vaha lagabhaga vahIM hai jo ki sAmAnyatayA sabhI bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM meM pAI jAtI hai| RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA pratipAdana pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha asatyabhASaNa, prANahiMsA, aura niMdanIya karma se dUra rahane kA nirdeza detA hai| usameM Atmavat vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta naitika siddhAMta bhI pratipAdita huaa|23 svArtha, parArtha aura AtmArtha ke naitika praznoM ko lekara RSibhASita sadaiva hI AtmArtha ko hI zreSThatama mAnatA hai| yaha vicAra usake 35veM adhyAya meM paryApta vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM naitika jIvana ke lie apramatta honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo zramaNa sajaga hai usase doSa usI taraha dUra bhAga jAte haiM, jaise ki pazu dUra bhAga jAte haiN|25 aindrika viSayoM meM Asakta hone para manuSya kI kyA gati hotI hai, isakA saudAharaNa vivecana RSibhASita ke iMdra nAga nAmaka 41 veM adhyAya meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| isake 45 veM vaizramaNa nAmaka adhyAya meM mukhyarUpa se vistArapUrvaka pApa se dUra rahane kA upadeza upalabdha hotA hai| -isibhAsiyAI 30vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 5 21. kallANA labhati kallANaM, pAvaM pAvA tu paavti| hiMsaM labhati hantAraM, jaittAya praajy|| maNNanti bhadakA bhadakAiM.madharaM madharaM ti maannti| kaDuyaM kaDuyaMbhaNiyaM ti, phassaM pharusaM ti maannti|| 22. jaM suheNa suhaM laddhaM, uccantasukhameva tN| jaM sukheNa duhaM laddhaM, mA me teNa smaagmo|| -isibhAsiyAI 30 vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 7 - isibhAsiyAI 38 vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 1 23. AtaM paraM ca jANejjA, savvabhAveNa svvdhaa| AyaTuM ca paraTeM ca, piyaM jANe taheva y||13|| -isibhAsiyAI 35 vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 13 24. AtaTTho NijjarAyanto, paraTTho kmmbndhnnN| attA samAhikaraNaM, appaNo ya parassa yaa|17|| AtaTTe jAgaro hohi, mA prtttthaahi-dhaare| AtaTTho hAyae tassa, jo prtttthaahi-dhaare||15|| AtaM paraM ca jANejjA, savva-bhAveNa svvdhaa| AyalaiM caparaTeM ca, piyaM jANe taheva y||13|| sae gehe palittammi, kiM dhAvasi praatk| sayaM gehaM NirittANaM, tato gacche praatk||14|| -isibhAsiyAI 35 vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 17-15-13-14 25. jAgarantaM muNiM vIraM, domA vajenti duuro|| jalantaM jAtateyaM vA, cakkhusA daahbhiirunno||24|| -isibhAsiyAI 35 vA~ adhyayana gaathaa| 24

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27 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM dArzanika vivecanA ke sAtha hI sAtha dhArmika aura naitika upadezoM kA hI prAdhAnya hai| isameM tattvamImAMsA kA kevala usI dRSTi se prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA hai, jisake AdhAra para anAsakti aura nivRtti kA upadeza diyA jA sake aura isa dRSTi se karmasiddhAnta ko kendrIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| hama pAte haiM ki isameM AtmavAdI aura anAtmavAdI donoM hI prakAra ke darzana karmasiddhAMta ko AdhArabhUta mAnakara calate haiN| graMtha meM Izvara aura usake sRSTi kartRttva kA kahIM bhI samarthana nahIM huA hai| isI prakAra isameM kucha adhyAyoM meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA aura AtmasAdhanA meM usake mahattva ko to svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu dArzanika dRSTi se kisI jJAna mImAMsIya samasyA kI carcA isameM nahIM dekhI jAtI hai| isameM tattvamImAMsIya carcAoM ko bhI usI sImA taka uThAyA gayA hai jahA~ taka ki ve dharma aura naitikatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita mukhyatayA eka dhArmika aura naitika upadeza pradhAna graMtha hai| __ RSibhASita ke paitAlisa adhyAyoM ke pravaktAoM aura unakI viSayavastu ke saMbaMdha meM bhI saMkSepa meM itanA jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta vivecana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apanI RSibhASita kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai| hama usI AdhAra para yahA~ eka saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiM, tAki ina RSiyoM kI aitihAsikatA tathA inakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko samajhane meM suvidhA ho| 1. nArada RSi RSibhASita kA prathama adhyayana nArada RSi yA deva nArada se saMbaMdhita hai| nArada kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-ina tInoM hI paramparAoM meM huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM nArada RSi kA ulalekha na kevala RSibhASita meM huA hai, apitu samavAyAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, RSimaNDala aura AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI inakA ullekha milatA hai| samavAyAMga meM unheM AgAmIkAla meM hone vAlA tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA haiM jJAtA dharmakathA aura RSimaNDala meM RSibhASita ke devanArada ko kalchula nArada kahA gayA hai| jJAtA ke nArada ariSTanemi aura kRSNa ke samakAlIna mAne ge| RSibhASita kI saMgrahaNI gAthA bhI inheM ariSTanemi ke kAla meM hone vAlA pratyeka buddha mAnatI hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM nArada ke vyaktitva ko virodhAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| eka ora unheM bhadra aura aneka vidhAoM kA jAnakara kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA, vahIM dUsarI ora unheM kaluSita aura kalahapriya jaise kaThora zabdoM se avamAnita bhI kiyA gayA hai|28 aupapAtika meM inheM brAhmaNa parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA 26. samavAyAMgasUtra prakIrNa samavAya 252/3, jaina vizva bhAratI (lADanUM) 27. jJAtAdharmakathA-16/139-142 28. vahI, 16/139-142

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28 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hai| sAtha hI sAtha donoM graMthoM meM inheM zoca-dharma kA pravaktA kahA gayA hai| RSibhASita bhI nArada ko zaucadhama kA pravartaka mAnatA hai kintu yahA~ unakA zauca (pavitratA), se tAtparya AMtarika vRttiyoM kI zuddhi .se hai jabaki anya graMthoM meM unheM bAhya zauca kA pravartaka mAnA gayA hai| Avazyaka cUrNi nArada ke brAhmaNaputra hone kA ullekha karatI hai, usameM inake mAtA-pitA kA nAma yajJadatta aura somayazA batAyA hai, jo ki zorIpura ke nivAsI the| isa prakAra uparokta graMthoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paraMparA meM vibhinna sthAnoM meM ullikhita nArada bhinna-bhinna vyakti na hokara eka hI vyakti hai| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI nArada kA aneka sthAnoM para ullekha huA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM caubIsa buddhoM kI avadhAraNA meM nArada naveM buddha mAne gae haiN| theragAthA kI aTThakathA meM eka sthAna para padmottara buddha ke samakAlIna nArada nAmaka brAhmaNa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai to dUsare sthAna para arthadarzI buddha ke samakAlIna eka anya nArada brAhmaNa kA ullekha bhI huA hai| isake atirikta vArANasI ke brahmadatta nAmaka rAjA ke maMtrI kA nAma nArada aura mithilA nagarI ke eka rAjA kA nAma bhI nArada mAnA gayA hai kintu ina saba nAradoM se RSibhASita ke nArada kA koI saMbaMdha pratIta nahIM hotA hai|31 bauddha sAhitya meM eka kAzyapa gotrIya nArada kA ullekha huA hai, inheM brAhmaNa RSi nArada aura nArada devala bhI kahA gayA hai| kintu mahAbhArata ke nArada asita devala ke saMvAda ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki nArada aura devala samakAlIna hai, aura nArada aura devala ye do bhinna vyakti hai|32 jahA~ taka hindU paraMparA kA prazna hai nArada kA ullekha aneka graMthoM meM huA haiM, jaise Rgveda, atharvaveda, chAndogya-upaniSada, gItA, nAradopaniSada, nArada parivrAjakopaniSada, mahAbhArata Adi meM nArada kA varNana upalabdha hai| ina graMthoM meM nArada kA sUktoM ke racayitA, veda aura aneka vidhAoM kA jJAtA, maMtravid Adi ke rUpa meM ullekha haA hai|33 RSibhASita meM nArada ke upadezoM kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya zauca-dharma kA pratipAdana karanA rahA hai| unake anusAra ahiMsA, satya, adatta, brahmacarya aura aparigraha hI zauca arthAt Atma-zuddhi ke lakSaNa hai| vastutaH yahA~ cAra zaucoM kA pratipAdya parokSa 29. aupapAtikasUtra 38 30. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga-2, pR. 194 RSabhadeva-kezarImala, ratalAma, 1928 31. (a) theragAthA aTThakathA bhAga 1, pR. 268 (ba) vahI, pR. 269 (sa) jAtaka kathA, tRtIya bhAga, sarvajAtaka varga, pR. 306 (da) vahI, caturtha bhAga, pR. 567 32. jAtaka kathA, paMcama bhAga, pR. 476 33. chAndogya upaniSada,7/1/1

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 29 rUpa se pArzva paraMparA ke cAturyAma kA pratipAdana hai| nArada RSi ko anya vaidika aura hindU graMthoM meM bhI zauca dharma kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| kintu RSibhASita meM pratipAdita zauca dharma se tAtparya AMtarika vRttiyoM kI pavitratA yA zuddhi se hai jabaki anya graMthoM meM zauca kA tAtparya bAhya zuddhi se mAnA gayA hai| 2. vajjiyaputta RSibhASita kA dUsarA adhyayana vajjiyaputta kA hai| vajjiyaputta kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tInoM hI paraMparAoM meM huA hai|34 jaina paraMparA meM vajjIyaputta kA ullekha mAtra RSibhASita ke atirikta anya graMthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM vajjIyaputta kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM meM huA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM vajjIyaputta ke nAma se eka pRthaka saMpradAya thA, jisakA astittva IsA pUrva 3-4 zatAbdI meM mAnA gayA thaa| bhikSu-niyamoM kI kucha bAtoM meM isakA matabheda thaa|35 pro. zubriga aura sI upAsaka ne vajjiyaputta kA saMbaMdha vizeSa rUpa se bauddha sampradAya se mAnA hai| theragAthA aTTakathA meM inheM vaizAlI kA nivAsI licchivi rAjakumAra kahA gayA hai| ye buddha se prabhAvita hokara pravrajita hue the aura vaizAlI ke jaMgaloM meM sAdhanA kI thii|28 vajjiyaputtIya zramaNoM ko suvidhAvAdI mAnA jAtA thaa| aupaniSadika paraMparA meM mAtra inakA nAmollekha huA hai| unake upadeza Adi kA vizeSa varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isa AdhAra para kevala itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye aupaniSadika kAla ke koI RSi haiN| isa adhyAya meM unhoMne mukhyarUpa se karmasiddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura aura aMkura se bIja kI paraMparA calatI rahatI hai usI prakAra karma aura usake phala yA vipAka kI paraMparA calatI rahatI hai| isameM karma aura duHkha kA mUla kAraNa moha batAyA gayA hai, aura moha ke nAza hone para karma paraMparA yA bhava paraMparA kA nAza usI prakAra ho jAtA hai jaise kI jar3a ke kATa dene para phUla, phala, patte naSTa ho jAte haiN| isameM karma santativAda kA ullekha bauddha darzana ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| vajjiyaputta ke saMbaMdha meM yaha svAbhAvika jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki RSibhASita ke vajjiyaputta yathArtha meM kisa paraMparA ke the? kyoMki inakA ullekha upaniSad, jaina evaM bauddha tInoM paraMparAoM meM huA hai| RSibhASita ke vajjiyaputta aura 34. dekheM--'isibhAsiyAI' kI bhUmikA, DaoN sAgaramala jaina 35. theragAthA aTThakathA, bhAga 1, pR. 206, 238 36. isibhAsiyAI .2 Introduction P. 4 L.D.Institute of Indology, Ahemadabad, 1974, 37. vahI 38. theragAthA aTThakathA, bhaag|

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI bauddha paraMparA ke vajjiyaputta meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| kintu jaina paraMparA kI apekSA bauddha paraMparA meM inakI sthiti adhika sudRr3ha hai| bauddha dharma meM pRthaka sampradAya kA honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki ve bauddha zramaNa hI the| RSibhASita ke vajjiyaputta nAmaka adhyayana meM jisa karma santativAda kI carcA huI hai usakI samAnatA uttarAdhyayana ke tIsaveM adhyayana meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| 3. asita devala ___ asita devala kA RSibhASita ke RSiyoM meM tIsarA sthAna hai| inakA ullekha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa dhArA donoM paraMparAoM meM huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI huA hai| kintu zIlAMka ne apanI sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM "asite davile" ke AdhAra para asita aura davila aise do vyakti hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| kintu 13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI meM viracita RSimaNDala kI vRtti se yaha saMbhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usameM inake pUre jIvana kA varNana hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ye apanI putrI ardhazaMkAsA ke prati kAmavAsanA se AkarSita hue, kintu usI samaya aMtara jAgaraNa se viSaya vAsanA se nivRtta ho gae the| bauddha paraMparA meM suttanipAta meM asitadevala eka RSi ke rUpa meM ullikhita hue haiN| usI prakAra majjhimanikAya ke AsalAyanasUtra meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'brAhmaNa hI zreSTha hai' isa avadhAraNA kA asitadevala ne virodha kiyA thA isalie 7 brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ne inheM zrApa diyA thA, kintu una para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A aura antattogatvA brahmarSi inake anuyAyI hue| usI prakAra 'mahAvaMsa' meM asitadevala kA bodhisatva ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai, kintu indriya jAtaka meM kAladevala ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha huA hai aura isameM inheM nArada kA bar3A bhAI kahA gayA hai| hindU paraMparA meM mahAbhArata ke Adiparva, sattAparva, zalyaparva, zAMtiparva aura anuzAsana parva meM asita devala kA ullekha huA hai| zalyaparva meM asita devala ko eka gRhastha rUpa meM sAdhanA karatA huA mAnA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM asita aura jaugIzavya kI carcA kA bhI ullekha huA hai tathA yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaigIzavya ke prabhAva se saMnyAsa dharma kA pAlana karane lage the| isake atirikta gItA, mATharavRtti, 39. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra1/1/3/42 40. RSimaMDala vRtti 41. (a) mahAvaMza 11, 785 (ba) indriya jAtaka, pR. 463 (gItA presa saMskaraNa)

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31 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana brahmasUtra bhASya aura yAjJavalkya kI smRti kI aparAditya TIkA meM asitadevala kA hai / 42 ullekha huA isa adhyAya kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya pApoM se nivRtta hokara mokSa prApta karanA hai| isameM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi ko lepa kahA gayA hai aura vastuta: ve hI baMdhana hai jo caturgati saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiN| isameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo inase mukta hotA hai vaha ajara, amara, avyAbAdha mokSa pada ko prApta karatA hai| ataH samatva kI sAdhanA para bala dete haiN| isa prakAra asitadevala kA ullekha tInoM hI paraMparAoM meM huA hai| isase yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve eka aitihAsika puruSa hai| jahA~ taka unake upadezoM kA prazna hai ve mukhyarUpa se samatva, indriya saMyama kA upadeza dete haiN| mahAbhArata meM asitadevala ke saMvAda meM paMcamahAbhUta, kAla, bhAva, abhAva Adi ATha nitya tattvoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| 4. aMgirasa RSibhASita kA caturtha adhyayana aMgirasa RSi se saMbaMdhita hai| aMgirasa kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paraMparAoM meM huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita meM to huA hI hai kintu isake atirikta AvazyakacUrNi 43, AvazyakabhASya" aura RSimaNDala 45 meM bhI huA hai| vahA~ inheM tApasa kauzika kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| bauddha paraMparA ke aneka graMthoM meM aneka sthAnoM para AMgirasa kA ullekha huA he|46 kintu vahA~ inheM aMgirasa vaidika RSi bhAradvAja ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| jAtaka meM brahmaloka nivAsI gyAraha saMnyAsiyoM meM bhI AMgirasa kA ullekha huA hai, jabaki suttanipAtta meM inakA ullekha RSi bhAradvAja aura suMdarika bhAradvAja ke rUpa meM milatA hai / 47 aisA lagatA hai ki aMgirasa ke pIche lagA bhAradvAja zabda gotra kA paricAyaka hai| kyoMki suttanipAta ke vAsaTkasutta meM vaziSTha aura bhAradvAja meM brAhmaNa ke viSaya meM yaha carcA huI hai ki brAhmaNatva kA mukhya AdhAra zIla sadAcAra hai yA janma? samAdhAna ke rUpa meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki brAhmaNatva kA AdhAra janma nahIM, 42. (a) gItA 10/13 (ba) mAThara vRtti 71 - " sAMkhya darzana aura vijJAnabhikSu-urmilA caturvedI / (sa) brahmasUtra bhASya (da) yAjJavalkya kI smRti kI aparAditya TIkA 43. Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 2, pR. 79, 193 44. AvazyakabhASya, pR. 782 45. RSimaNDala, gAthA 123 46. dekheM-'IsibhAsiyAI' kI bhUmikA, DaoN sAgaramala jaina 47. 'suttanipAta', prathama khaNDa, pR. 196

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI apitu AMtarika pavitratA hai| vAseTThasutta kI isa carcA meM aura RSibhASita meM varNita bhAradvAja ke upadezoM meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| ataH aMgirasa aura bhAradvAja nAma ke do vyakti rahe hoNge| ____ isake atirikta aMgirasa kA varNana theragAthA kI aTThakathA meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| veNithegAthA meM inheM mahAmuni ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA aura inakI tulanA caMdramA se kI hai jabaki cUlapaMtha kI theragAthA meM inheM sUrya ke samAna tejasvI kahA gayA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM caMpAnagarI kA bhI varNana haA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha sAhitya meM lagabhaga pA~ca, sAta evaM bAraha aMgirasa kA ullekha huA hai| kintu jahA~ taka RSibhASita meM ullikhita aMgirasa kI paraMparA aura bauddha paraMparA meM ullikhita aMgirasa se samAnatA kA prazna hai, suttanipAtta meM 10 RSiyoM meM ullikhita aMgirasa ko hI RSibhASita kA aMgirasa mAnA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa paraMparA meM bhI aMgirasa kA ullekha kaI sthAnoM meM huA hai|8 sarvaprathama chAndogya upaniSada meM ghora aMgirasa kA ullekha huA hai aura unheM kRSNa kA upadeSTA mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI aMgirasa RSi kA ullekha huA hai, jinake ATha putroM meM eka kA nAma ghora thaa| ho sakatA hai ki yahI chandogya kA ghora aMgirasa ho| RSibhASita ke aMgirasa RSi ke upadezoM meM mukhyarUpa se mAnavI-prakRti kA manovaijJAnika sUkSma varNana milatA haiM usameM kahA gayA hai ki dIvAra para citra ko jAna pAnA AsAna hai kintu chadma yukta jIvana jIne vAle vyakti ko jAnanA sugama nahIM hai| sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki cAhe bAhya rUpa se janamAnasa saMta kI niMdA karate hoM aura cora kI prazaMsA karate hoM, paraMtu zramaNatva aura coratva kI mukhya kasauTI bAhya prazaMsA aura niMdA na hokara AMtarika vRtti hI hai| bauddha aura jaina paraMparA meM varNita inake upadezoM kI tulanA karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve bAhya ghaTanA ko mahattva pradAna nahIM karate haiM, apitu vRtti ko hI pradhAnatA dete haiN| isa prakAra hama saMkSepa meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura hindU paraMparA meM varNita aMgirasa eka hI vyakti honA cAhiye na ki bhinn-bhinn| 5. puSpazAlaputra RSibhASita ke paMcama adhyayana meM puSpazAla RSi aura unake upadezoM kA varNana huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta puSpazAla kA ullekha Avazyaka niyukti, AvazyakacUrNi, AvazyakabhASya meM bhI huA hai| AvazyakacUrNi do puSpazAloM kA ullekha karatI haiN| usameM eka ko gobara grAma kA nivAsI aura dUsare ko 48. (a) chAndogya upaniSad 1/2/10 (ba) Adiparva, 122/51

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana basaMtapura kA rahane vAlA batAyA gayA hai aura unake saMgItajJa hone kA bhI ullekha huA hai / 49 AcArAMga kI TIkA meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai|" RSibhASita ke puSpazAla kI samAnatA gobara grAma ke puSpazAla se kI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki unheM vahA~ sevAdharma kA pravarttaka mAnA gayA hai aura RSibhASita ke puSpazAla ko vinaya dharma kA pravaktA kahA gayA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM puSpazAla kA pussathera (puSpasthavira) ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / theragAthA kI aTThakathA meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai| pAli sAhitya meM inakA ullekha sadAcAra ke prati bala dene vAle ke rUpa meM huA hai| RSibhASita meM varNita puSpazAla kA upadeza mukhyarUpa se vinaya dharma para prakAza DAlatA hai| ve kahate haiM ki naman karane vAlA arthAt vinayavAna sadA zAMti yA samatva aura Agamika jJAna meM tallIna rahatA hai| vastutaH kASAyika bhAvoM se rahita AtmA samasta paryAyoM kA jJAtA * hotA hai| sAtha hI ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki hiMsA, asatya, maithuna, adattAdAna aura parigraha se dUra rahane kA saMketa karate haiN| RSibhASita meM varNita puSpazAla ke upadezoM kI tulanA bauddha sAhitya meM varNita upadezoM se karane para donoM meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| pAli sAhitya ke puSpazAla siddhAntAnukUla sadAcAra para bala dete haiM, to RSibhASita ke puSpazAla vinaya - dharma para adhika bala dete hue pratIta hote haiN| 6. valkalacIrI RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM valkalacIrI kA SaSThama sthAna hai| isa adhyayana meM inake upadeza varNita hai / valkalacIrI kA ullekha jaina aura bauddha paraMparA meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu vaidika paraMparA meM inakA ullekha nahIM milatA haiM / jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke sivAya aupapAtika bhagavatIsUtra, AvazyakacUrNi Adi graMthoM meM inakA ullekha milatA hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM valkalacIrI se saMbaMdhita do kathAe~ milatI haiN| eka kathA meM inako potanapura kA rAjakumAra kahA hai / usameM inake pitA kA nAma rAjA somacaMdra aura bhAI kA nAma prasannacaMdra batAyA gayA hai / 51 jaina paraMparAnusAra prasanna caMdra rAjarSi ko mahAvIra kA samakAlIna mAnA gyaa| isa dRSTi se valkalacIrI ko bhI mahAvIra kA samakAlIna kahA jA sakatA hai| isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki inake pitA dizApoSaka upAsaka the| ina tApasoM kA ullekha aupapAtika sUtra meM bhI huA 49. (a) Avazyaka niyukti, pR. 398 33 (ba) AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 529-30 (sa) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, pR. 787 50. AcArAMga zIlAMka vRtti, pR. 154 51. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 455-460

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI haiN|52 valkalacIrI ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pitA ke dharmopakaraNa kA pramArjana karate hue inheM jJAna prApta huA thaa| inake saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki inheM strI-purUSa, mRga, azva Adi kA bheda-jJAna bhI nahIM thaa| bauddha paraMparA meM valkalI thera ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha huA hai| isameM inako zrAvastI nivAsI brAhmaNa putra aura trivedajJa kahA hai| pAli sAhitya ke anusAra ye bauddha saMgha meM dIkSita hue the| inhoMne gRdhrakUTa parvata para sAdhanA kI, aisA ullekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki svayaM buddha ne unakI AsthA kI prazaMsA kI thii|53 jahA~ taka inake upadeza aura siddhAMta kA prazna hai, ve brahmacarya para adhika bala dete haiN| ve RSibhASita ke chaThe adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se puruSa ko saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki strI ke prati Asakti mata rakho, jitanA saMbhava ho sake usase dUra rahane kA prayatna karoM, kyoMki aisA nahIM karane se tuma svayaM apane hI zatru banoge aura sAdhanA mArga se cyuta ho jaaaage| __isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM inakA upadeza sAMsArika vRttiyoM se anAsakta hone kI preraNA detA hai| kintu bauddha paraMparA meM mAtra inake dIkSita hone aura sAdhanA karane kA ullekha huA hai| upadezoM yA kisI siddhAMta kA varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| 7. kummAputta ___ RSibhASita kA saptama adhyayana kummAputta se saMbaMdhita hai| kurmAputra kA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta jaina paraMparA ke anya graMtha vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi, haribhadra dvArA viracita 'vizeSavatI' meM bhI milatA haiN|54 prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM inako vAmana yA baunA bhI kahA gayA hai| kintu inakA jIvana vRttAnta 'kummAputracariyam' aura RSimaNDala kI vRtti meM vistAra se upalabdha hotA haiM ina donoM graMthoM kA racanAkAla 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAta mAnA gayA hai| inake saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki kummAputra ne gRhasthAzrama meM hI kaivalya prApta kara liyA thaa| 52. aupapAtika 38 (Agamodaya samiti) 53. theragAthA aTaThakathA khaNDa 1, pR. 420 (pAliTeksTa sosAyaTI) 54. (a) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 3169 (ba) AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR. 583 (sa) vizeSavatI, dvArA-haribhadra, gAthA 38-44

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35 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana bauddha paraMparA meM kummAputta thera kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| apadAna kI aTThakathA meM inake jIvana se saMbaMdhita kathAnaka kA varNana vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai| usameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki inhoMne pUrva janma meM vipassI buddha ke paira mAliza ke lie tela dAna diyA thaa| pariNAmasvarUpa vailutkaNTaka nAmaka zahara ke zreSTha gRhapati ke gRha meM janma liyA thaa| inake saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye sAriputta ke pravacana se prabhAvita hokara pravrajita hue aura karmasthAna ke saMbaMdha meM vipazyanA karate hue arhat avasthA ko prApta hue| kurmAputra ko satyathera kA nikaTastha vyakti mAnA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM varNita kurmAputra kA mukhya upadeza niSkAmatA yA anAsakti para prakAza DAlatA hai| unake anusAra AkAMkSA yA icchA hI du:kha kA mUla kAraNa hai| anutsukatA ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jo pramAda yA Alasyavaza bhI icchA kI ora nahIM bar3hatA, to vaha sukhI hotA hai aura yadi vaha svecchA se isa dizA meM prerita ho to vaha kitanA sukhI ho sakatA hai, yaha vaha khuda hI anubhUta kara sakatA hai| ataH kAmanAoM (icchAoM) para niyaMtraNa kara jIvana vyatIta kareM yahI unakA mukhya nirdeza hai| kurmAputra ke isa upadeza ko gItA meM varNita anAsakta yoga se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| 'kummAputta' kA nAmakaraNa vastutaH unakI mAtA ke AdhAra para huA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina aura bauddha donoM paraMparAe~ eka mata haiN| ye mukhyarUpa se anAsakti aura cittazuddhi para bala dete haiN| ye saMbhavataH mahAvIra yA buddha ke samakAlIna rahe hoNge| 8. ketalIputta RSibhASita kA AThavAM adhyayana ketalIputra se saMbaMdhita hai| isa adhyAya meM ketalI putra ke upadeza saMkalita hai| jaina paraMparA meM bhI inakA ullekha mAtra RSibhASita meM hI upalabdha hotA haiN| jaina paraMparA kA anya sAhitya evaM bauddha aura vaidika paraMparAe~ bhI inake vyaktittva aura upadeza ke saMbaMdha meM kisI prakAra kI koI sUcanA nahIM detI hai| jaina paraMparA meM 'taitalIputra' kA ullekha jJAtA aura sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi meM huA hai|5 kintu RSibhASita ketalIputra aura tetalIputra kA alaga-alaga ullekha karatA hai| vastutaH donoM nAmoM meM eka akSara kA hI pharka haiN| isalie yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki RSibhASita ke ketalIputra aura tetalIputra do bhinna vyakti na hokara eka hI vyakti rahe hoNge| __ RSibhASita meM inake upadezoM kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya mukta aura baddha yA siddha aura saMsArI AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa karanA rahA hai| ve kahate haiM ki mukta AtmA meM mAtra jJAna guNa aura saMsArI AtmA meM jJAna aura cAritra- ye do guNa haiM yA - 55. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/24

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI saMsArI AtmA rAga aura dveSa rUpI pAza se Abaddha haiN| punaH ve mukta AtmA ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra rezama kA kIr3A svanirmita tantujAla ko kATakara mukta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra saMyamI evaM tyAgI AtmA bhI apane rAga-dveSa rUpI jAla ko kATakara sadaiva ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai|56 9. mahAkAzyapa RSibhASita kA navAM adhyayana mahAkAzyapa se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM inake upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta mahAkAzyapa kA ullekha bhagavatI evaM uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM bhI huA hai|57 jahA~ bhagavatI eka kAzyapa nAmaka sthavira kA ullekha karatI hai, vahA~ uttarAdhyayanacUrNi kapila brAhmaNa ke pitA ke rUpa meM eka anya kAzyapa kA ullekha karatI hai| kintu RSibhASita ke mahAkAzyapa se inakA koI saMbaMdha rahA hogA, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| 'kAzyapa' zabda kA prayoga jaina paraMparA meM kaI bAra RSabha aura mahAvIra ke lie prayukta huA hai| kintu yahA~ kAzyapa zabda gotra vAcaka hai na ki vyakti vaack| jahA~ taka bauddha paraparA kA prazna hai mahAkAzyapa kA ullekha eka vizeSa bhikSu ke rUpa meM huA hai|58 bauddha paraMparA meM inakI gaNanA buddha ke zreSTha ziSyoM meM kI gaI hai| pro. zubriga aura DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mahAkAzyapa kA saMbaMdha bauddha paraMparA se jor3ate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM RSibhASita ke mahAkAzyapa bauddha paraMparA ke mahAkAzyapa hI haiN| kyoMki RSibhASita meM varNita unakA saMtativAda bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| hindU paraMparA ke prasiddha graMtha mahAbhArata meM eka maMtravettA kAzyapa brAhmaNa kA ullekha huA hai| isI prakAra zatapatha brAhmaNa meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai|59 yadi hama inakA saMbaMdha RSibhASita ke mahAkAzyapa se jor3ane kA sAhasa karate haiM to inheM spaSTarUpa se mahAvIra yugIna mAnanA hogaa| jabaki ye mahAbhArata yuga se saMbaMdhita hai| mahAkAzyapa ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya saMtativAda hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra aMjali kA jala dhIre-dhIre samApta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra baddha, spRSTa, niddhata karma-saMskAra bhI kSaya hote haiN| isI adhyAya meM saMvara nirjarA, puNya-pApa 56. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pR.28 57. (a) bhagavatI sUtra, 550 (ba) uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pR. 168 58. aMguttaranikAya khaNDa 1, pR. 23 59. mahAbhArata-Adiparva, 42/43 ...

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana jo kI carcA karate hue mokSa ke svarUpa kI tulanA dIpaka ke udAharaNa dvArA karate haiM, ki spaSTa rUpa se unake bauddha paraMparA ke RSi hone kA sUcaka hai| 10. tetalIputra RSibhASita kA dasavAM adhyayana tetalIputra se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM tetalIputra ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| telIputra kA ullekha na kevala RSibhASita meM huA hai apitu jaina paraMparA ke jJAtAdharmakathA, vipAkasUtra, sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi adi graMthoM meM bhI milatA hai / " jJAtAdharmakathA meM inakA ullekha kanakaratha rAjA ke maMtrI ke rUpa meM huA hai, jo ki taitalIpura ke nivAsI the| jJAtA meM kanakaratha rAjA ke saMbaMdha meM yahA kahA gayA hai ki ye apanI saMtAna ko vikalAMga kara dete the| kyoMki unheM yaha bhaya thA ki kahIM mujhe sattAcyuta na honA pdd'e| paraMtu kanakarAjA kI patnI padmAvatI ke lie yaha asahya thaa| eka dina avasara pAkara rAnI ne AdyopAnta samasyA amAtya tetalIputra ke sammukha prastuta kara dii| saMyogavaza rAnI padmAvatI putra ko janma detI hai aura amAtya patnI poTillA mRta kanyA ko janma detI hai / tetalIputra mRta kanyA ko mahArAnI ko sauMpakara unake putra ko ghara le Ate haiM aura putra mahotsava karate haiN| poTillA sAdhviyoM se pratibuddha hokara jaina dIkSA aMgIkAra karatI hai| kanakaratha kI mRtyu ke pazcAta tetalIputra ke dvArA poSita kumAra siMhAsana para baiThatA hai aura vaha bhI amAtya ko pUrNa sammAna detA hai / kathAnusAra poTillA deva banatI he aura rAjA ko amAtya ke virUddha kara detI hai| pariNAma svarUpa tetalIputra atyanta duHkhI aura apamAnita hokara AtmahatyA karane kA prayAsa karate haiM / kintu apane prayatnoM meM asaphala rahate haiN| phalasvarUpa unake jIvana meM azraddhA, avizvAsa aura azAnti kA sAmrAjya chA jAtA hai| anukUla avasara ko jAnakara patnI poTilla devatA ke rUpa meM tetalIputra ko saMnyAsa kI ora prerita karatI hai| amAtya tetalIputra pratibuddha hokara dIkSA dhAraNa karate haiM aura tapa-saMyama kI utkRSTa sAdhanA se mukti ko varaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra uparyukta varNana se jo jJAta hotA hai ki vahI bhAva aura samAna kathA RSibhASita meM thor3e bahuta parivartana ke sAtha ullikhita huI hai| bauddha aura hiMdU paraMparA meM tetalIputra kA ullekha hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| 60. 37 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA 1/14 (ba) vipAkasUtra 32 (sa) sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pR. 28

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38 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 11, maMkhaliputta RSibhASita ke gyArahaveM adhyayana meM maMkhaliputra ke upadeza saMkalita hai| inheM maMkhaligozAla bhI kahA jAtA hai| mekhaligozAla kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura hindU ina tInoM paraMparAoM meM milata hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta maMkhaligozAla kA ullekha bhagavatIsUtra, upAsakadazA, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, Avazyaka niyukti, Avazyaka cUrNi Adi aneka graMthoM meM huA hai|61 bhagavatI meM maMkhaligozAla kA jIvana vRttAnta aura unakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana huA hai|62 inake saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra kI dIkSA ke pazcAta dUsare cAturmAsa meM inakI bheMTa mahAvIra se huI aura chaha varSa taka unake sAtha-sAtha vicaraNa kiyA, kintu niyativAda ke prazna ko lekara donoM meM vaicArika matabheda ho gyaa| phalataH maMkhali mahAvIra se pRthak ho ge| bhagavatI meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra kI dIkSA ke caubIsa varSa bAda unhoMne apane Apako tIrthaMkara ghoSita kiyA yA dArzanika dRSTi se yaha kahanA adhika ucita hogA ki unhoMne eka svataMtra saMpradAya sthApanA kI thI, jo AjIvika nAma se vikhyAta huA thaa| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI maMkhaligozAla kA ullekha aneka graMthoM meM milatA hai| dIrghanikAya meM inheM buddha ke samakAlIna chaha tIrthaMkaroM meM se eka batAyA gayA hai| theragAthA meM inakA ullekha gosAlathera ke rUpa meM huA hai| gozAla ke saMbaMdha meM jaina aura bauddha paraMparA meM yadyapi mataikya nahIM hai, phira bhI donoM paraMparAoM meM inakA ullekha hone se inake saMbaMdha meM yaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye eka aitihAsika vyakti the| donoM paraMparAe~ inheM niyativAda kA samarthaka mAnatI haiN| vastutaH niyativAdI vaha vicAradhArA hai jo puruSArtha kI apekSA niyati para arthAt saMsAra kI svAbhAvika vyavasthA para adhika bala detI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra maMkhaligozAla ke dArzanika ciMtana yA vicAroM kA paravartI jaina aura bauddha graMthoM meM, jo prastutikaraNa huA hai, use mAtra dArzanika vicAra-vikRti hI kahA jA sakatA hai|64 ___ jahA~ taka hindU paraMparA kA prazna hai mahAbhArata meM hameM maMkIgItA ke nAma se maMkI RSi ke upadeza upalabdha hote haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kahate haiM ki 61. (i) bhagavatI sUtra, 550 (I) upAsaka dazA, 6/20, 21, 28 (u) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-gAthA 1928 (U) Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 474 62. bhagavatI 15vaoN zataka 63. (a) dIghanikAya, pR. 53 (ba) theragAthA 23 64. RSibhASita kI bhUmikA-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 39 maMkIgItA bhI niyativAda kA prativAdana karatI hai isalie unake anusAra mahAbhArata ke maMkIRSi nizcitarUpa se RSibhASita ke maMkhaliputra hI hai|5 maMkIgItA meM niyativAda kA samarthana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha vyakti puruSArtha yA prayatna ke AdhAra para nahIM balki daivalIlA yA bhAgya se hotA hai| RSibhASita meM ullikhita maMkhaligozAla ke upadezoM meM bhI parokSa rUpa se niyativAda kI spaSTa jhalaka dikhAI detI hai| RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki, jo vyakti saMsAra kI pariNati ko dekhakara spandita yA kSubhita nahIM hote haiN| vastutaH ve hI vyakti tyAgI AtmarakSaka aura anAsakta hote haiN|6 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vizva kI pratyeka ghaTanA apane krama meM ghaTita hotI hai| vyakti ke cAhane aura na cAhane para bhI anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA niyamana nahIM hotaa| vastutaH sAMsArika ghaTanAoM ko sAMyogika jAnakara sAkSIbhAva yA anAsakta bhAva se rahane vAlA hI saccA tyAgI yA niyativAdI hotA hai vastutaH niyativAdI vicAradhArA prakRti ke niyamAnusAra ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM para bala detI haiN| vastutaH niyativAda kA upadeza anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi ke vikAsa karane kI preraNA pradAna karatI hai| vAstava meM maMkhaligozAla kA yahI AdhyAtmika niyativAda kA saMdeza hai| gItA bhI Asakti tor3ane ke lie niyativAda kA upadeza detI hai| uparyukta AdhAroM para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita, bhagavatI ke maMkhaligauzAla aura mahAbhArata ke maMkIRSi bhinna-bhinna vyakti na hokara eka hI vyakti haiN| kyoMki tInoM paraMparAe~ inhe niyativAda kA samarthaka aura saMsthApaka mAnatI hai| itanA hI nahIM abhilekhIya pramANa bhI yahI siddha karate haiM ki maMkhaligozAla AjIvika paraMparA ke zreSTha AcArya the, jinake netRtva meM AjIvika sampradAya vikasita vistRta huaa| jainAgama kA RSibhASita hI eka aisA graMtha hai, jo maMkhaligozAla ko "arhat RSi" kahakara sammAna pradAna karatA hai aura unake upadezoM ko "pratyekabuddha bhASita pravacana" kahakara prAmANikatA kI mohara lagA detA hai| 12. jaNNavakka (yAjJavalkya) RSibhASita ke bArahaveM adhyayana meM yAjJavalkya RSi kA ullekha huA hai| zramaNa aura brAhmaNa donoM paraMparAoM meM inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| jaina paraMparA meM 65. RSibhASita kI bhUmikA - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 66. se ejati veyati khunmati ghaTTati phandati calati udIreti, taM taM bhAvaM pariNamati Na se taatii||2|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 11/gadyabhAga

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI RSibhASita ke atirikta anyatra inakA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / usI prakAra bauddha paramparA ke kisI bhI graMtha meM inakI upasthiti kI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| vastuta: yAjJavalkya kauna the? inakI kyA mAnyatA thI? Adi praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie hameM vaidika evaM aupaniSadika paraMparA kI hI zaraNa lenI par3atI hai| 40 vaidika paraMparA meM yAjJavalkya kA ullekha zatapathabrAhmaNa, zaMkhAyana, AraNyaka, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad aura mahAbhArata meM upalabdha hotA hai|" bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad inake saMbaMdha meM vistRta jAnakArI prastuta karatA hai / vidvAn olDanebarga ne bRhadAraNyaka ke AdhAra para yAjJavalkya ko videha nivAsI aura janaka se saMbaMdhita batAyA hai| vaidika koza meM sUryakAMta ne inake videha nivAsI hone meM zaMkA upasthita kI hai / 18 jahA~ taka RSibhASita meM varNita yAjJavalkya ke upadeza kA prazna hai ve spaSTarUpa se eSaNAoM kA pArasparika saMbaMdha batAte hue kahate haiM ki jaba taka lokeSaNA kI cAha hai taba taka vitteSaNA kA astitva hai| aura jaba taka vittaiSaNA kA astitva taba taka laukeSaNA kA astitva hai / 9 RSibhASita ke yAjJavalkya ke upadeza kI tulanA bRhadAraNyaka ke upadeza se kI jA sakatI hai| vRhadAraNyaka meM ve kahate haiM ki AtmA ke svarUpa ko jAnakara brAhmaNa putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA aura laukeSaNA kA tyAgakara bhikSAvRtti para jIvana nirvAha kre| RSibhASita meM bhI ve yahI kahate haiM ki eSaNAoM kA sarvathA parityAga karake gaupatha se jAe mahApatha se nahI / yahA~ mahApatha se aura gaupatha se yAjJavalkya kA tAtparya pravRttimArga aura nivRttimArga se rahA hogaa| zAMtiparva meM inheM janaka kA upadeSTA kahA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye janaka ke samakAlIna RSi rahe hoMge ve RSibhASita kI saMgrahaNI gAthA ke anusAra ariSTanemi arthAt mahAbhArata ke samakAlIna nahIM hai| 13. mettejja bhayAlI RSibhASita ke terahaveM adhyayana meM mettejja bhayAlI ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta inakA ullekha samavAyAMga meM huA hai aura sthAnAMga71 meM antakRtdazA kA sAtavAM adhyayana bhayAlI se saMbaMdhita rahA hai, kintu 67. (a) zatapatha brAhmaNa 9/7 vaidika koza, pR. 428 (ba) zaMkhAyana AraNyaka 13/1 vahI pR. 428 (sa) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 68. RSibhASita kI bhUmikA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina | 69. jAvatAva loesaNA tAvatAva vittesaNA, jAvatAva vittesaNA tAvatAva loesaNA / 70. samavAyAMga sUtra 11/4 71. sthAnAMgasUtra 157, 236 -' isi bhAsiyAI' 12 / gadyabhAga

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41 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana vartamAna meM yaha adhyayana antakRta meM anupalabdha hai| bhayAlI ke do anya prAkRta rUpa bhaggaI aura bhagAli bhI upalabdha hote haiN| aupAtika72, sUtra meM bhagagaI parivrAjaka aura unake ziSya-samudAya kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki bhayAli ke ziSya hI bhaggaI nAma se pracalita rahe hoNge| bauddha paraMparA meM magadha ke brAhmaNa parivAra se saMbaMdhita mettaja thera kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|73 inake saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki ye AraNyavAsI bhikSu ke rUpa meM sAdhanA karate the, kintu buddha ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara bauddha bhikSu bane aura antaH arhat pada ko prApta kiyaa| bauddha paraMparA meM do anya mettagU aura maittiya thera kA bhI varNana milatA hai| maittiya thera ke saMbaMdha meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki ye chabbagIya nAmaka eka bhikSu varga ke netA the| inake bAre meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye AgAmI kAla meM buddha hoNge| suttanipAta meM eka anya arhat metteya kA ullekha huA hai, jo ki tissa ke mitra the|76 RSibhASita ke bhayAli se uparokta varNita theroM kA kyA saMbaMdha rahA hogA? nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mahAvIra ke dasaveM gaNadhara kA nAma mettejja thA, kintu RSibhASita ke metteja bhayAlI se gaNadhara mettejja bhinna vyakti the, aisA pratIta hotA hai| RSibhASita meM unake upadezoM meM vidyamAna avidyamAna karma kI carcA hai| isameM ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki jar3a ke siMcana se phala kI utpatti hotI hai aura jar3a nAza se phala-phUla saba kucha naSTa ho jAte haiN| isI adhyayana meM ye bhI kahate haiM ki sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI utpatti nahIM hotii| vastutaH yaha upadeza sAMkhya darzana ke satkAryavAda se samAnatA rakhatA hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bhayAli ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya to Atma vimukti hai| "mettejja bhayAli" isa nAma para vicAra kareM ki nAma ke Age lagA mettejja zabda vyakti bodhAka hai yA vizeSaNa hai? kyoMki mahAvIra ke dasaveM gaNadhara kA nAma mettejja kahA gayA hai| kintu DaoN sAgaramala kI dRSTi meM mettejja bhayAli gaNadhAra mettejja se bhinna hai| 72. aupapAtika sUtra 73. theragAthA 84 74. RSibhASita ko bhUmikA (DaoN sAgaramala jaina) 75. vahI 76. vahI 77. mUlaseke phaluppattI, mUlaghAte hataM phlN| phalasthI siMcatI mUlaM, phalaghAtINa siNctii| 78. santassa karaNaM Natthi, NAsato karaNaM bhve| bahadhA diLaM imaM saTTha, NAsato bhvsNkro|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 13/6 -vahI, 13/4

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 14. bAhuka RSibhASita kA caudahavA~ adhyayana bAhuka se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta inakA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI cUrNi meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM asitadevala, pArAzara, nArAyaNa, bAhuka, namI Adi RSiyoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| kintu bAhuka ke saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI sUcanA prApta hotI hai ki inhoMne sacitta vastuoM evaM jala kA upabhoga karate hue bhI mokSa ko prApta kiyA thaa| sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi bhI bAhuka ke saMbaMdha meM yahI vicAra vyakta karatI hai| sthAnAMga meM varNita praznavyAkaraNa kI dasa dazAoM meM bhI inakA ullekha hai, kintu Aja yaha adhyayana upalabdha nahIM hai| uparyukta sabhI graMtha inake jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM koI prakAza nahIM DAlate haiN| bauddha paraMparA meM spaSTarUpa se 'bAhuka' nAma se koI varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| kintu eka vAhnIka nAmaka vyakti kA ullekha huA hai, jo buddha ke ziSya anuyAyI ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai| jahA~ taka hindU paramparA kA prazna hai mahAbhArata meM ye vRSNi-vIra ke rUpa meM ullikhita hue haiN| rAjA nala kA bhI eka nAma bAhuka batAyA gayA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM bAhuvakta kA ullekha huA hai, jo ki Rgveda ke sUkta ke racayitA the| kintu jahA~ taka RSibhASita ke bAhuka se inakI samAnatA kA prazna hai inameM koI sAmyatA dRSTigocara nahI hotI hai| RSibhASita meM bAhuka ke upadezoM kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai yukta aura ayukt| Age ve spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki eka nRpa aura zreSThi ke lie apane pradarzana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI,5 vaha svayaM hI pahacAnA jAtA hai| ThIka usI prakAra sAdhaka kI bAhya sAdhanA AMtarika zuddhatA se yukta hokara hI phalavatI hotI hai| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA sAdhaka ko mukti kI ora le jAtI hai| 79. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/2 80. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pR. 121 81. pAli prApara nemsa-jilda 2 pR. 281, 283 82. mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA, pR. 216 83. vaidika koza, pR. 334 84. juttaM anutajogaMNa pamANa miti bAhukeNa arahatA isiNA buit| -'isibhAsiyAI' 14/1 gadyabhAga 85. appaNiyA khalu bho! appANaM samukkasiya Na bhvti| baddhacindhe NaravatI, appaNiyA khalu bho ya appANaM .... game No vi rnnnne| --'isibhAsiyAiyaM' 14/gadyabhAga pR. 53

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 43 15. madhurAyaNa RSibhASita ke paMdrahaveM adhyayana meM madhurAyaNa ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA aura bauddha paraMparA meM RSibhaSita ko chor3akara anya graMthoM meM hameM inakA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| RSibhASita meM madhurAyaNa ke upadeza kA pratipAdya viSaya kyA hai, isa viSaya para vicAra karane ke pUrva hameM isa adhyayana meM unake dvArA viziSTa arthoM meM prayukta zabdoM ke artha ko samajhanA adhika ucita hogaa| svayaM RSibhASita ke TIkAkAra ne bhI ina zabdoM ke artha ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi zubriga ne isa dizA meM prayatna avazya kiyA haiN| kintu ve bhI ise spaSTa nahIM kara sake haiN| isa adhyayana meM mukhyarUpa se tIna zabdoM kA prayoga viziSTa artha meM huA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ise spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM- "isa adhyAya meM mukhyataH tIna zabda 'sAtA dukkha' 'dukkha' aura 'saMta' ye tIna zabda aise haiM jo apane artha kA spaSTIkaraNa cAhate haiN| jahA~ taka "sAtA dukkha" ke artha kA prazna hai saMskRta TIkAkAra aura anya sabhI ne use sukha se utpanna duHkha mAnA hai| vastutaH sukha kA tAtparya yahA~ sukha kI AkAMkSA hI lenA hogaa| ataH "sAtA dukkha" kA tAtparya hai sukha kI AkAMkSA se utpanna du:kh| dUsare zabdoM meM sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti ke lie jisa vyakti meM AkAMkSAe~ jAgRta ho, vaha vyakti sAtA dukkha abhibhUta kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sukha kI AkAMkSA hI sAtA duHkha hai| isake viparIta azAtA duHkha se abhibhUta vyakti kA duHkha hai| nirAkAMkSa hone ke kAraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se prApta sAMsArika duHkha hI sAtA duHkha hai- aisA artha karane para prathama prazna aura usakA uttara isa prakAra banatA hai- kyA sukha kI AkAMkSA se utpanna duHkha se abhibhUta vyakti du:kha ko prerita karatA hai? yA nimaMtrita karatA hai? isakA uttara yaha diyA gayA hai ki sukha kI AkAMkSA se utpanna du:khoM se arthAt sAMsArika vAsanA ke pIche pAgala vyakti hI duHkhoM ko AmaMtrita karatA hai arthAt karmabandha krtaa| vastutaH sukha kI AkAMkSA karanA hI duHkhoM ko nimaMtraNa denA hai| sukha kI AkAMkSA se duHkhI banA vyakti hI dukhoM ko nimaMtrita karatA hai, na ki kaSTajanya du:khoM se ghirA vykti| isa prakAra madhurAyaNa sAMsArika sukhoM ko AkAMkSA meM hI du:khoM kA mUla dekhate haiN| panaH 'saMta' zabda 'zAnta' ke artha meM na hokara sattA ke artha meM hotaa| "saMta dukkhI" kA artha yahA~ hogA du:khI hokr| punaH yahA~ du:khI hone kA artha kAmanA yA AkAMkSA se yukta honA hI hai| ataH "saMta dukkhI dukkha udIrei" se abhiprAya du:khI hokara hI du:kha ko nimaMtraNa diyA jAtA hai arthAt sAkAMkSa vyakti hI du:kha kA preraka hotA hai| isI prakAra "no asaMta dukkhI dukkha uderaI" dukkha se du:khita na hokara duHkha

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44 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI ko nimaMtraNa nahIM diyA jAtA arthAt jo vyakti nirAkAMkSa hai vaha duHkha kA preraka nahIM hotA hai| 16. zoryAyaNa RSibhASita kA solahavAM adhyayana zoryAyaNa (sorayAyaNa) se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM inake upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sthAnAMga sUtra meM huA hai / " usameM karmavipAka (duHkhavipAka) dazA ke adhyayanoM kA ullekha huA hai aura usake sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma soriya kahA gayA hai| vartamAna meM karmavipAkadazA ke dasa adhyayana milate haiM, usameM aSTama adhyayana meM soriyadatta kA ullekha milatA hai jise eka machuAre ke putra ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI usa kathA meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki machalI kA kAMTA inake gale meM phaMsa jAne ke phalasvarUpa inheM kAphI kaSTa jhelanA par3A thaa| jaina paraMparA ke atirikta bauddha paraMparA meM soriya kA ullekha soreyya ke rUpa meM milatA hai / " isa paraMparA meM inake jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| jaina aura bauddha paraMparA ke atirikta vaidika paraMparA meM mahAbhArata ke droNaparva meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai|" kintu usameM inakA nAma zaurI ullikhita hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki inake kuTumba kA saMbaMdha kRSNapitA vAsudeva se batAyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM inake upadezoM kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai indriya AvegoM para samyak niyNtrnn| samyak niyaMtraNa se unakA ye uddezya kadApi nahIM hai ki unakA damana kiyA jAya, apitu ve usameM spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki indriyA~ hai to ve avazya hI apane-apane viSayoM se jur3eMgI yA unakA unase saMparka hogaa| yahA~ taka manuSya vivaza hai yA yU~ kaheM ki yaha usakI niyati hai / kintu usakA kartavya yaha hai ki manojJa yA amanojJa athavA anukUla yA pratikUla rUpAdi padArthoM kI anubhUti hone para bhI usameM anAsakta dRSTi rakheM arthAt rAga-dveSa nahIM kareM, Asakta na ho yahI vyakti ke adhikAra kI sImA meM hai / prastuta adhyAya ke pravaktA kA bhI yahI Azaya hai| " jahA~ taka RSibhASita ke zoryAyaNa kA prazna hai bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA meM kramazaH varNita soreyya aura zaurI se inakA koI saMbaMdha pratIta nahIM hotA hai| 86. sthAnAMgasUtra 155 87. dhammapada aTThakathA, bhAga 1, pR. 324 88. mahAbhArata- droNaparva 144/7 89. maNuNNesu saddesu...... No dUsejjA / -' isibhAsiyAI' 16 / gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 17. vidura RSibhASita kA satrahavAM adhyayana 'vidura' se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina sAhitya meM RSibhASita ke atirikta jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhI arjuna, nakula, sahadeva Adi vyaktiyoM ke sAtha vidura kA bhI ullekha huA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM 'vidura' kA ullekha 'vidhura' nAma se upalabdha hotA hai| " milinda - prazna" meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bodhisatva kA hI kisI janma kA nAma vidura thA / " jahA~ taka vaidika paramparA kA prazna hai, mahAbhArata inheM varNazaMkara ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatA hai| inake pitA vyAsa aura mAtA ambikA ( dAsI) mAnI gayI hai| mahAbhArata ke strIparva meM inake upadeza saMkalita hai| 12 45 RSibhASita meM vidura apane upadezoM meM vidyA, mahAvidyA kA varNana karate hue vidyA kI zreSThatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahate haiM ki vastutaH vahI vidyA mahAvidyA kI koTi meM AtI hai jo sAMsArika saMpUrNa duHkhoM kA nAza kara AtmabhAva yA mokSa ko upalabdha karAtI hai| use duHkha vimocanI bhI kahA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM usameM jJAna ke mahattva ko pratipAdana karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra svAsthya lAbha yA nirogatA ke lie sarva prathama roga yA rugNatA kI anubhUti, usakA nidAna aura auSadhi kA samyak sevana Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra mukti ke lie jJAna aparihArya yA Avazyaka hai| isI adhyAya meM svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna para bala dete hue niravadya AvaraNa kA nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai / 94 isa prakAra tInoM jaina, bauddha aura vedika paraMparAoM meM varNita vidura ke upadezoM para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para RSibhASita ke vidura kI mahAbhArata ke vidura se sAmyatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki RSibhASita meM varNita vidura kA vidyA, mahAvidyA kA upadeza vastutaH prakArAntara se aupaniSadika "sA vidyA yA vimuktaye" kA smaraNa karAtA hai| kintu jahA~ taka RSibhASita ke vidura aura bauddha paraMparA meM vidura kI samAnatA kA prazna hai, DaoN sAgaramala jaina ne unameM koI saMbaMdha nahIM mAnA hai| 90. jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtra 117 91. pAliprApara nemsa - khaNDa 2, pR. 882 92. mahAbhArata - strIparva, adhyAya 2-7 93. imA vijjA mahAvijjA, savvavijjANa uttamA / jaM vijjaM sAhaittANaM, savvadukkhANa muccatI / jeNa baMdhaM ca mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gtiraagtiN| AyA- bhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjA dukkhamoyaNI | 94. sajjhAyajjhANovagato jitappA....... samAharejjA / -' isibhAsiyAI' 17/1, 2 - vahI, 17/8

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 18. vAriSeNa kRSNa ___RSibhASita kA aThArahavAM adhyayana vAriSeNa kRSNa (vArisavakaNha) ke upadezoM se saMbaMdhita hai| vAriSeNa kA ullekha RSibhASita, sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM huA hai| samavAyAMga cAra jinendra pratimAoM ke sAtha caMdrAnana aura vAriSeNa kA bhI ullekha karatA hai aura usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki airAvata kSetra ke caMdrAnana prathama aura vAriSeNa aMtima tIrthakara hoNge| sthAnAMga kAzyapa gotra kI eka zAkhA 'vArisakaNhA' kA bhI ullekha karatA hai| ___bauddha paraMparA meM dIghanikAya ke ambaTThasutta meM kRSNa RSi kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| jahA~ taka vaidika paraMparA kA prazna hai mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ko vASNaya kahA gayA hai| saMbhavataH inakA vArSNeya nAma vRSNi vaMza kA dyotaka hai| vAriSeNa ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya pApa se nivRtti hai| isameM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaise zakunI (pakSI) apanI teja coMca se phala kA chedana-bhedana kara detA hai, zatru-rAjya ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara detA hai vaise hI vizuddhAtmA sarvapApoM kA nAza kara jala kamalavata rahatA hai|8 19. AriyAyaNa RSibhASita ke unnIsaveM adhyayana meM AriyAyaNa ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| inake vyaktitva aura jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha aura vaidika paraMparAe~ kucha bhI jAnakArI prastuta nahIM karatI hai| jaina paraMparA meM bhI mAtra RSibhASita meM hI inakA ullekha huA hai| isameM bhI 'AyariyAyaNa' mAtra upadezaka ke rUpa meM hI hamAre samakSa Ate haiN| RSibhASita meM AryAyaNa Arya-anArya kA pratipAdana karate hue 'AriyAyaNa' Aryatva ko prApta karane kA nirdeza dete haiN| ve isa adhyAya meM Aryatva kI garimA kA varNana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki pUrva meM kevala Arya hI the isalie anAryatva kA parityAga karake zreSTha yA AryajJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA karanI caahiye| 95- (a) sthAnAMgasUtra 143 (ba) samavAyAMgasUtra 169 96- dIrghanikAya ambaTThasutta 97- mahAbhArata, bhISmaparva 2736 98- sakuNI saMkuppaghAtaM ca.......vibhAgammi vihaave| 99- (a) vajjejja'NAriyaM bhAvaM, kammaM ceva aNAriyAM aNAriyANi ya mittANi, aayriyttmuvtttthie|| (ba) AriyaM NANaM sAhU, AriyaM sAhU dNsnn| AriyaM caraNaM sAhU, tamhA sevaya aariy|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 18/2 - -'isibhAsiyAI', 19/1, 6

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana vastutaH ye paurANika puruSa hai yA aupaniSadika RSi, nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 20. ukkala RSibhaSita ke bIsaveM 'ukkala' nAmaka adhyayana kI viSayavastu yA upadeza jAnane ke pUrva do bAteM jAnanA Avazyaka hai| prathama to yaha ki isa adhyAya meM kisI pravaktA RSi kA ullekha nahIM huA hai aura dUsare isa adhyayana meM prayukta ukkala (utkaTa) zabda apane Apa meM aneka artha sameTe hue haiM, jaise-bar3A, tAkatavara, bhISaNa, madamatta, viSama, madirAsevI, unmatta aadi| saMpUrNa adhyAya meM bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa kA yA bhautikavAda kA pratipAdana huA hai, jise lokAyatavAda, cArvAka, yadRcchAvAda bhI kaha sakate haiN| vastutaH isa saMdarbha meM utkaTa zabda kA artha viSaya-bhAga liyA jAye to prastuta upadeza meM saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| kyoMki isa adhyayana meM bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa kI prastuti huI hai, jo ki bhAratIya AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa kI virodhI thI, dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki adhyAtmavAda se pratikUla AcaraNa karane vAle bhautikavAdI yA utkalavAdI haiN| __isa adhyAya meM pA~ca prakAra ke utkalavAdiyoM kA ullekha huA hai|00 (1) - daNDotkala (2) rajjUtkala (3) stenotkala (4) dezotkIla aura (5) srvotkl| (1) daNDotkala se tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise daNDa kA Adi, madhya aura antabhAga alaga-alaga nahIM hai mAtra samudAya hai vaise hI zarIra se pRthak koI AtmA nahIM hai| rajjotkala yAnI rassI tantuoM ke samudAya se pRthak kucha nahIM hai, usI taraha paMcabhUtoM se pRthaka AtmA yA jIva nAma kA koI pRthak tattva nahIM hai| paMcabhUtoM ke nAza se jIva kA bhI uccheda yA nAza ho jAtA hai| stenotkalavAdI ve haiM jo dUsaroM ke zAstroM se apane siddhAnta kA maNDana karake use hI satya mAnate haiN| (4) dezotkalavAdI AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karake bhI AtmA ke akartRttva, abhoktRttva meM vizvAsa karate haiN| sarvotkalavAda se tAtparya sarvocchedavAda yA usake samarthaka hai athavA yU~ kaheM ki sarvotkalavAdI ve dArzanika haiM, jinakI dRSTi meM kisI traikAlika nitya 100. paMca ukkala pannattA, taMjahA: daNDukkale 1. rajjukkale 2. teNukkale 3. desukkale 4. savvukkale 5. -'isibhAsiyAI 20/gadyabhAga

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48 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI sattA kA astitva nahIM hai| vastutaH inake anusAra koI nitya yA zAzvata tattva hI nahIM hai| isa prakAra uparokta pAMca prakAra ke utkalavAda RSibhASita ke atirikta anya kisI jaina graMtha meM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| yadyapi bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA kA ullekha jaina paraMparA ke sUtrakRtAMga aura bauddha paraMparA ke payAsIvRtta meM upalabdha hotA hai| bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai- zarIra se alaga kisI AtmA kA astiva nahIM hai| 21. gAthApatiputta - taruNa RSibhASita ke ikkIsaveM adhyayana meM gAthApati putra taruNa ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM mAtra RSibhASita ko chor3akara anya kisI grantha meM inakA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| jaina paraMparA ke atirikta bauddha aura vaidika paraMparAe~ bhI inake jIvana aura siddhAnta ke saMbaMdha meM hameM kisI prakAra kI koI sUcanA nahIM detI hai| taruNa ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya ajJAna kA nivAraNa aura jJAna kI upalabdhi karanA rahA hai| unake anusAra ajJAna hI jIvana kA sabase bar3A duHkha hai aura ajJAna ke vazIbhUta AtmA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai| ve svayaM isa adhyAya meM spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki 'ajJAna ke kAraNa merI jAnane, dekhane kI jJAnAtmaka kriyAe~ kuNThita ho gaI thI kintu aba jJAna ke sadbhAva meM samyak prakAra se jAnatA hU~, samajhAtA huuN|' Age isI adhyAya meM jJAna kI sarvoccatA aura ajJAna kI niSkRSTatA para prakAza DAlate hue ve kahate haiM ki ajJAna se mUr3ha AtmA khUna ke saMbaMdha ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai jaisA ki isa adhyAya kI AThavIM gAthA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki mAtA bhadrA zokAkula hokara apanI putrI supriyA kA bhakSaNa karatI hai / 101 isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki tarUNa RSi kI dRSTi meM ajJAna hI jIvana kA nAzaka tattva hai| 22. gardabhAla RSibhASita kA bAisavAM adhyayana gardabhAla yA dagamAla se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina paraMparA meM gardabhAla kA ullekha RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana meM huA hai, kintu 101. (a) aNNaNaM paramaM dukkhaM vivaho savvadehiNaM / (ba) aNNANamUlakaM khalu bho pUvvaM, na jANAmi na pAsAmi, nANamUlakaM khalu bho iyANiM jANAmi pAsAmi . (sa) suppiyaM taNayaM bhaddA........ceva khAdati / -' isi bhAsiyAI' 21 / gadyabhAga/21/10

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49 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana uttarAdhyayana inakA ullekha saMjaya ke guru ke rUpa meM karatA hai|102 sAtha hI inheM vidyA pAraMgata kahakara inakI aitihAsikatA aura mahattA para prakAza DAlatA hai| jaina paraMparA ke atirikta vaidika paraMparA meM bhI inakA ullekha mahAbhArata meM anuzAsana parva meM huA hai| kintu vahA~ inheM vizvAmitra kA brahmavAdI putra kahA gayA. hai|03 isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gardabhAla usa yuga ke eka prabhAvazAlI puruSa rahe hoNge| bauddha paraMparA meM inakA kahI para bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| jahA~ taka inake upadezoM kA prazna hai ye mukhya rUpa se puruSa kI zreSThatA kA aura strI kI nimnatA kA pratiAdana karate haiN| isa vicAradhArA kI samAnatA jaina paraMparA meM varNita dasa kalpoM meM puruSa jyeSTha kalpa se ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| ve isa adhyAya meM nArI kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki nArI siMha yukta svarNaguphA, viSayukta puSpamAlA aura bhaMvara se yukta nadI ke samAna hai aura sAtha hI ve nArI ke vaza meM rahanevAle puruSa ko bhI dhikkAra dete haiN|104 isa vivecana ko dekhate hue mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki gardabhAla RSi ne nArI ke udAtta pakSa para samucita DhaMga se cintana na karake mAtra usake vikRta rUpa para adhika bala diyA hai| yadyapi eka gAthA meM unahoMne nArI kI prazaMsA meM divyakula kI gAthA, praphullita kamalinI Adi zabda kahe haiM, kintu ise bhI niMdA yukta prazaMsA hI kahA jA sakatA hai|105 jahA~ taka RSibhASita aura mahAbhArata ka gardabhAla kI ekatA kA prazna hai kisI sakSama pramANa ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA muzkila hai ki ye eka hI vyakti rahe hoNge| 23. rAmaputta rAmaputta RSi kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paraMparAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| RSibhASita ke teisaveM adhyAya meM inake upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA ke sthAnAMga aura anuttaropapAtika graMthoM meM inakA ullekha huA hai| sthAnAMga meM varNita antakRtadazA kI adhyAyoM kI viSaya sUci meM eka rAmaputta nAmaka adhyayana kA ullekha thA, kintu06 vartamAna meM yaha adhyayana upalabdha nahIM hai| anuttaropapAtika inheM 102. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 18/19, 22 103. mahAbhArata-anuzAsana parva 4/1 104. hemA guhA sasIhA vA, mAlA vA vjjhkppitaa| savisA gandhajuttI vA, anto duTThA va vaahinnii|| 105. gAhAkulA sudivvA va, bhAvakA mdhurodkaa| phullA va paumiNI rambhA, vAlakkantA va maalvii|| 106. sthAnAMgasUtra 755 -'isibhAsiyAI' 22/5 -vahI- 22/4

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Sh DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI sAketa nivAsI mahAvIra ke yuga ke vyakti ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatA hai|07 isake atirikta sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI nami, nArAyaNa, bAhuka RSi ke sAtha inakA ullekha huA hai aura yaha kahA gayA hai ki sacitta AhAra kA sevana karate hue bhI inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyA thaa|108 bauddha paraMparA meM pAlitripiTaka meM inheM udaka rAmaputta kahA gayA hai, jo ki buddha se umra meM bar3e the| itanA hI nahIM pAlitripiTaka inakI ziSya saMpadA aura sAdhanA-paddhati para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai|109 jahA~ taka rAmaputta ke upadeza kA prazna hai ve isa adhyAya meM sukha-mRtyu aura duHkha mRtyu kA ullekha karate haiN| aisA hI varNana uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM samAdhimaraNa aura asamAdhimaraNa ke rUpa meM huA hai|11deg vastutaH jise sukha, mRtyu, aura duHkha mRtyu kA vikasita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA meM varNita rAmaputta kI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA lagatA hai ki RSibhASita ke rAmaputta aura pAlitripiTaka ke rAmaputta eka hI vyakti rahe hoNge| 24. harigiri - RSibhASita kA caubIsavAM adhyayana harigiri se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ko chor3akara anya graMthoM meM inakA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM harita thera kA ullekha milatA hai| 111 isameM inako arhat kahA gayA hai, kintu RSibhASita ke harigiri hArita thera hI haiM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| vaidika paraMparA meM bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM AcAryoM kI sUcI meM hArita kAzyapa kA ullekha milatA hai|112 paraMtu Thosa pramANa ke abhAva meM yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki RSibhASita ke harigiri aura vaidika paraMparA ke hArita eka hI vyakti hoNge| __ RSibhASita meM varNita inake upadezoM kA mukhya pratipAdya niyativAda aura karma siddhAMta hai| karma siddhAMta kI carcA RSibhASita ke anya adhyAyoM meM bhI vistAra se 107. anuttaropapAtika 3/6 108. sUtrakRtAMga zIlAGakavRtti khaNDa 2, pR. 73 abhuMjiyA namI videhI, rAmagutte ya bhujiA.....bIyANi hariyANi ya 109. jAtaka khaNDa 1, pR. 6681 vistAra ke lie dekheM-pAli prApara nemsa 110. eyaM akAma-maraNaM, bAlANaM tu pveiyN| etto sakAma-maraNaM, paNDiyANaM suNeha me|| 111. dekheM----DikzanarI oNpha pAli prApara nemsa 1323-24 112. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 61/41/33 -'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' 5/17

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 51 prApta hotI hai| isa adhyAya meM ve kahate haiM ki pahale yahA~ saba kucha bhavya yAnI niyata yA honahAra thA paraMtu vartamAna meM saba kucha abhavya yAnI aniyata hai|113 bhavya-abhavya athavA niyata-aniyata zabdoM ko spaSTa karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kahate haiM ki--"jaba taka vyakti ajJAna meM hai taba taka usakA vartamAna usake pUrvakRta karmoM ke anurUpa yA niyata hI hotA hai, kintu jJAna ke hone para vaha apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA banatA hai| ataH usakA bhaviSya usake puruSArtha para nirbhara rahatA hai arthAt aniyata hotA hai| vastutaH pratyeka vyakti kA atIta niyata hotA hai kyoMki usameM koI parivartana saMbhava nahIM hote haiM, kintu vyakti kA bhaviSya aniyata hotA hai| kyoMki manuSya apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA hotA hai| yadi vaha manuSya anukUla pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM apane Apako taTastha rakha le to usakA bhAvI usake bhUta aura vartamAna se bhinna hogaa| karma siddhAMta ke anusAra pUrva karma saMskAra para munaSya kA vaza nahIM calatA hai kintu vartamAna sadaiva usake hAtha meM hai, aura usake dvArA manuSya apane bhaviSya ko cAhe jaisA rUpa de sakatA hai| vyakti jitanA jJAnI yA jAgarUka hotA hai vaha utanA hI apane bhaviSya ko samyak dizA kI ora mor3atA hai| pAraMparika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to jJAnI azubha saMskAroM kA kSaya karatA hai aura zubha saMskAroM kA nirmANa karatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki harigiri prastuta adhyAya meM vyakti ko apane bhaviSya ke nirmANa kI preraNA dete haiN| 25. ambar3a parivrAjaka RSibhASita kA paccIsavA~ adhyayana ambar3a parivrAjaka se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina paraMparA ke Agama graMthoM yathA-bhagavatI, sthAnAMga aura aupapAtika Adi meM inakA varNana upalabdha hotA hai|114 bhagavatI sUtra meM inheM zrAvastI nivAsI eka parivrAjaka kahA gayA hai| ye mahAvIra ke prati atyaMta AsthAvAna hote hue bhI apanI paraMparA ke netA the| sthAnAMga meM antakRt dazA kI jina dasa dazAoM yA adhyAyoM kA ullekha huA hai|915 usameM dasavIM dazA ambar3a se saMbaMdhita thI, kintu vartamAna antakRta meM yaha dazA upalabdha nahIM hai| aupapAtika meM ambar3a parivrAjakoM kI AcAra paraMparA kA bhI vistAra se varNana upalabdhA hotA haiN|116 isa adhyAya meM aMbar3a parivrAjaka kI AcAra ke niyamoM ke prati dRr3ha zraddhA para prakAza DAlate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki apane niyama ke pAlanArtha inhoMne prANoM kI bAjI taka lagA dI thii| 113. savvamiNaM purA bhavvaM, idANiM puNa abhvvN| -isibhAsiyAI 24/gadyabhAga prAraMbha 114. (a) bhagavatI sUtra 529-530 (ba) sthAnAMga sUtra 692 (sa) aupapAtika sUtra 38-40 115. sthAnAMga sUtra 692 116. aupapAtika 38-40. -

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52 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI bauddha paraMparA meM ambar3a parivrAjaka kA ambuda mANavaka ke rUpa meM ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|117 ye brAhmaNa ko zreSTha aura jyeSTha mAnate the| isa saMdarbha meM bauddha se bhI unakA vAda-vivAda huA thaa| kintu buddha ke anusAra zreSThatA kI kasauTI yA AdhAra AcaraNa hai na ki jaati| isa saMdarbha meM yaha smaraNIya tathya hai ki ambaTTha ke kRSNa kI paraMparA kA hone ke nAte kASrNAyana kahA gayA hai| aupapAtika meM varNita parivrAjakoM kI eka zAkhA kA nAma 'kaNha' thaa| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kyA bauddha paraMparA ke kRSNa aura RSibhASita ke 'vArisava' eka vyakti hai? vaidika paraMparA meM hameM ambar3a ke vyaktitva, jIvana aura siddhAMta ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| jahA~ taka ambar3a RSi ke upadeza kA prazna hai isameM cAra kaSAyoM kA tyAga, pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana, cAra vikathA varjana, paMca indriya saMyama, sAta bhaya nivAraNa, ATha mada tyAga Adi kA ullekha huA hai|118 saMkSepa meM isa adhyAya meM jaina paraMparA kI eka nahIM apitu aneka avadhAraNAoM kA ullekha huA hai, jabaki RSibhASita ke anya adhyAyoM meM aisA dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| 26. mAtaGga mAtaGga arhat RSi ke upadezoM kA saMkalana RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM adhyayana meM huA hai| mAtaGga RSi kA ullekha jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paraMparAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai|119 yaha eka alaga prazna hai ki tInoM paraMparAoM ke mAtaGaga eka hI vyakti hai yA pRthk-pRthk| jaina paraMparA meM mAtaGga kA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM inakA ullekha pratyeka buddha ke rUpa meM huA hai, jo ki rAjagRha ke nivAsI the|120 kintu mAtaGga jAtaka inheM cANDAla kulotpanna kahatA hai| ye brAhmaNa jAti ke ahaMkAra ko naSTa karane meM saphala hue the| ye yaha pratipAdita karate the ki sacce brAhmaNatva kA AdhAra AcaraNa hai na ki kul| vaidika paraMparA meM mahAbhArata meM udyoga parva meM mAtaGaga kA ullekha milatA hai|121 mahAbhArata ke mAtaGaga ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya yaha hai ki vIra puruSa 117. dIghanikAya khaNDa 1, pR. 87 118. vavagaya caukkasAyAcauvikahavivanjitA paMcamahavva tiguttA paciMdiyasaMvuDA-chajjIvaNikAya saTThaNiratA satabhayavippamukkA aTThamayaTThANa jddhaa| -'isibhAsiyAI' 25/12 gadyabhAga 119. dekheM--RSibhaSita kI bhUmikA (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) 120. jAtaka khaNDa 4,375-90(iDI.phasabAla) 121. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva 129/1921

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.53 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana ko apane puruSArtha meM vizvAsa rakhanA cAhiye aura kisI ke samakSa apanI hAra na mAnate hue prayatnazIla rahanA caahiye| vastutaH vahI vIra kahalAne yogya hai jo apane cAritra kI rakSA meM svayaM ko bali car3hA dete haiN| RSibhASita meM mAtaGga RSi sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jo indriya saMyama, zIla aura sadAcAra kA pAlana karatA hai vahI saccA mAhaNa arthAt brAhmaNa hotA hai|122 Age isI adhyAya meM apane-apane kuladharma aura pada ke anurUpa kArya karane kA nirdeza dete hue kahate haiM ki yadi kSatriya aura vaizya yajJa kareM, brAhmaNa zastra dhAraNa kareM to inakA AcaraNa ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise do andhe viparIta dizA se gamana karate hue bhI TakarA jAte haiN|123 punaH isa adhyAya meM ve AdhyAtmika kRSi kA varNana karate haiM aura isakI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki isa prakAra adhyAtma bhAvoM se ota prota khetI cAhe brAhmaNa, vaizya, zudra aura kSatriya koI bhI kareM vaha vizuddhi ko upalabdha karatA hai|124 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para RSibhASita meM mAtaGga dvArA upadiSTa sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke 25veM adhyayana aura bauddha graMtha dhammapada se kI jA sakatI hai| aMtara kevala vistAra aura saMkSepa kA hai viSaya-vastu kA nhiiN| isI prakAra AdhyAtmika kRSi kI tulanA RSibhASita ke battIsaveM adhyAya se aura suttanipAta ke kasibhAradvAjasutta ke uraga varga se kI jA sakatI hai| upayukta varNana ke anusAra itanA nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki ye mahAvIra aura buddha ke pUrvagAmI koI adhyAtma ke patha pradarzaka saMta rahe hoNge| 27. vArattaka jaina paraMparA meM vArattaka kA ullekha na kevala RSibhASita meM upalabdha hotA hai, apitu Avazyaka cUrNi aura antakRtadazA meM bhI upalabdha hotA haiN|125 Avazyaka cUrNi inhe rAjA abhayasena ke amAtya ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatI hai, jo ki vArattapura nagara ke nivAsI the aura usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye dharmaghoSa AcArya ke pAsa dIkSita hue the| antakRt dazA inheM rAjagRha ke eka vyApArI ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatI hai| jabaki RSimaNDala vRtti meM inheM naimittika muni kA rUpa pradatta hai|126 122. savvidiehiM guttehiM, saccappehI smaahnne| - sIlaMgehiM NiuttehiM, sIlappehI sa maahnne| -isibhAsiyAI 26/6 123. rAyANo vaNiyA? jAge, mAhaNAsattha jiivinno| andheNa jugeNadve, vipallatthe uttraadhre|| -vahI, 26/2 124. isibhAsiyAI, 26/15, . 125. (a) Avazyaka. cUrNi bhAga 2, pR. 199 (ba) antakRtadazA, varga 6/9 adhyayana 126. RSimaNDalavRtti

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54 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI bauddha paraMparA meM vArattaka kA ullekha vAraNathera ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| kintu yaha kahanA muzkila hai ki vArattaka aura vAraNathera eka hI vyakti hoNge| isa paraMparA ke anusAra ye jaMgala nivAsI kisI bhikSu kI preraNA se pravrajita hue the| vaidika paraMparA inake saMbaMdha meM mauna hai| ataH pramANAbhAva meM yaha kahanA AsAna nahIM hai ki vastutaH ye paurANika puruSa hai yA aitihaasik| vArattaka arhat RSi ne RSibhASita ke sattAisaveM adhyAya meM sacce zramaNa ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki zramaNa ko sAMsArika vyakti ke saMparka se dUra rahakara sneha kA parityAga kara svAdhyAya dhyAna meM ramaNa karanA caahiye|127 punaH sacce zramaNatva kI puSTi karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko kautUhala, lakSaNa, svapna Adi ke manoraMjana se alaga rahanA caahiye| uparyukta upadeza kI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke satrahaveM "pApa zramaNa" nAmaka adhyAya se kI jA sakatI hai| zAbdika bhinnatA hote hue bhI viSaya vastu kA ekatva spaSTa rUpa se draSTavya hai| 28. Ardraka ___RSibhASita ke aTaThAisaveM adhyayana meM Ardraka RSi ke upadeza saMkalita hai| RSibhASita ke sAtha-sAtha inakA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi meM Ardraka ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita do kathAe~ ullikhita haiM, eka vartamAna jIvana para prakAza DAlatI hai to dUsarI atIta jIvana kI sthiti ko spaSTa karatI hai| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi inheM rAjaputra ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatI hai aura yaha batAtI hai ki abhayakumAra dvArA preSita RSabha kI pratimA ke nimitta se inheM vairAgya kI upalabdhi huI thii| basantapura kI eka lar3akI inheM khela-khela meM apanA pati svIkAra kara letI hai| antatogatvA ye usa lar3akI se zAdI kara lete haiM kintu kucha samaya ke pazcAta punaH virakta ho jAte haiN| kathAnakoM se itanA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ye buddha aura mahAvIra yugIna koI aitihAsika RSi rahe hoNge| jahA~ taka bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA kA prazna hai, unameM inakA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isalie inheM brAhmaNa paraMparA ke RSi kahanA kaThina hai, apitu mAtra jaina graMthoM meM inakA ullekha hone se aisA lagatA hai ki inakA saMbaMdha jaina zramaNa paraMparA se rahA hogaa| 127. na ciraM jaNe saMvase muNI, saMvAseNa siNehu vddddhtii| bhikkhussa aNiccacAriNo, attaTTe kammA duhaaytii|| -isibhAsiyAI 27/1

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana RSibhASita meM ullikhita Ardraka RSi kA mukhya upadeza kAmabhogoM se virakti kA saMdeza detA hai| unake anusAra manuSya ke duHkha kA kAraNa kAma-vAsanA hai| kAmavAsanA ko aneka zabdoM se saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki kAma hI zalya, viSa, AzIviSa sarpa aura pracaNDa vAsanA hai|128 kAma kI vyApakatA aura kSetra vistAra kA varNana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki deva, gaMdharva pazu-pakSI aura mAnava sabhI kAma-rUpI piMjare meM Abaddha hokara nAnA prakAra ke kaSToM kA anubhava karate haiN|129 sAtha hI ve isa ora bhI hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karate hue kahate haiM ki vahI vyakti dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM, jo dhIra, jitendriya aura kAmarUpI pizAca se mukta ho gae haiN|130 29. varddhamAna RSibhASita kA untIsavA~ adhyayana varddhamAna se saMbaMdhita hai| varddhamAna nAma sAmane Ate hI hamArA dhyAna sahaja hI usa ora AkarSita hotA hai ki kyA prastuta varddhamAna jaina paraMparA meM pracalita caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiM yA koI anya paraMparA ke RSi hai? isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne 'isibhAsiyAI' kI bhUmikA meM pramANa sahita jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM ve bilkula yukti saMgata pratIta hote haiN| unake anusAra "ye varddhamAna jaina paraMparA ke tIrthaMkara hI haiM, kyoMki theragAthA kI aTThakathA meM bhI varddhamAna thera ko vaizAlI kA licchavI vaMzIya rAjakumAra kahA gayA hai, jinakI saMgati varddhamAna mahAvIra ke sAtha baiThatI hai|" sAtha hI ve tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para isa tathya ko bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki theragAthA ke sabhI thera bauddha paraMparA ke hI nahIM haiM, usameM buddha se pUrvavartI aneka zreSTha zramaNoM ke udgAra bhI sammilita haiN| kintu sAmpradAyika abhiniveza meM unheM bauddha paraMparA ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai|131 pAli bauddha sAhitya meM varddhamAna kA ullekha niggaMTha nAtaputta ke rUpa meM huA jaina paraMparA meM varddhamAna kA jIvana-caritrajJAcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, kalpasUtra Adi meM vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai|133 RSibhASita meM varNita upadezoM se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai, ki varddhamAna jaina paraMparA ke tIrthaMkara haiN| kyoMki adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM hI yaha kahA gayA 128. sallaM kAmA visaM kAmA, kAmA aasiivisovmaa| bahusAdhAraNA kAmA, kAmA saMsAra vddddhnnaa|| -isibhAsiyAI, 28/4 129. sadevoragagandhavvaM satirikkhaM smaannusN| kAmapaMjarasaMbaddhaM, kissate vivihaM jg|| -isibhAsiyAI, 28/17 130. kAmaggahaviNimukkA, dhaNNA dhIrA jitindiyaa| vitaranti meiNiM rammaM, suddhappA suddhvaadinno|| - vahI, 28/18 131. dekheM "RSibhASita kI bhUmikA'' (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) 132. dIghanikAya, sAmajapalasutta

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56 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hai ki cAroM ora srota pravAha rahe hue haiM inheM kisa prakAra rokA jA sakatA hai?134 samAdhAna ke rUpa meM Age gAthA meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vastutaH jo pAMca indriyoM ke manojJa aura amanojJa zabdAdi viSayoM para rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA hai yA Asakta nahIM hotA hai vaha sugamatA se bahate hue srotoM para roka lagA sakatA hai|135 isa adhyAya ke upadeza kI tulanA uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke battIsaveM adhyAya meM aura AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka adhyAya se kI jA sakatI hai| 30. vAyu tIsaveM vAyu RSi kA ullekha jaina paraMparA meM hameM RSibhASita ke atirikta anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi mahAvIra ke tIsare gaNadhara kA nAma 'vAyubhUti' hai, phira bhI yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki vAyu RSi aura vAyubhUti eka hI vyakti haiM? __bauddha paraMparA meM vAyu kA ullekha eka devatA ke rUpa meM huA hai| kintu vaidika paraMparA meM aura mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM inakA ullekha eka RSi ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha hai| vAyu RSi ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya bhI karmasiddhAMta hai| RSibhASita ke tIsaveM adhyayana meM ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jo jaisA bIja botA hai, vo vaisA hI phala pAtA hai| iMgliza meM pracalita muhAvarA "As you sow, so shall you reap" se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| Age ve isI adhyAya meM karma kI sabalatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahate haiM ki koI bhI karma kabhI niSphala nahIM hotA usakA phala kartA ko avazya milatA hai cAhe vaha zubha ho yA azubha ho| 31. pArzva RSibhASita kA ikatIsavAM adhyayana pArzva nAmaka arhata RSi se saMbaMdhita hai| yaha to eka spaSTa aura satya tathya hai ki jaina paraMparA ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzva mAne gae haiN| paraMtu isa saMdarbha meM mukhya prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki RSibhASita ke arhat pArzva hI teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArva hai yA pArzva nAma ke koI anya RSi haiM? jaina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatAnusAra prastuta arhat pArzva tIrthaMkara pArzva ke samaya meM hone vAle pratyeka buddha haiM, jo ki tIrthaMkara pArzva se pRthak haiN|. paraMtu vidvata maNDala - 133. (a) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/6 (ba) kalpasUtra 4/145 134. savanti savvato sAtA, kiM Na sotoNivAraNaM? . puDhe muNI Aikkhe, kahaM sote pahijjati? 135. 29/4, 6, 8, 10, 12 -isibhAsiyAI 29/1

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana . ke anusAra "arhata pArzva kI svayaM pArzva tIrthaMkara hai| RSibhASita meM inakA cAturyAma" kA upadeza isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai ki "pArzva RSi" hI vastutaH tIrthaMkara pArzva haiN| jaina paraMparA meM pArzva kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, kalpasUtra, niriyAvalikA Adi graMthoM meM upalabdha hAtA hai|136 ina graMthoM meM na kevala pArzva kA nAmollekha milatA hai apitu unake jIvana darzana, paraMparA, AcAra, vicAra Adi kA eka vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana evaM bhagavatI meM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI AcAragata aura vicAragata mAnyatAoM kA aMtara bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai| pArvApatya zramaNa prAyaH suvidhAvAdI yA bhogavAdI mAne gae haiN| isIlie unake lie 'pAsattha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM 'pAsattha' zabda zithilAcAra kA pratIka hai| pAzrvApatya zramaNa jaba mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praviSTa hue taba unake sAtha aneka zithilatAe~ bhI usameM praviSTa huii| jahA~ taka bauddha aura vaidika paraMparAoM kA prazna hai pArzva ke saMbaMdha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| kintu bauddha paraMparA meM "niggaMTha jAtaputta" ke nAma se jisa cAturyAma kA ullekha milatA hai, vastutaH vaha tIrthakara pArzva kA hI cAturyAma hai| uparyukta carcA se yaha to spaSTa hai ki pArzva eka aitihAsika puruSa haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM sabhI vidvAna bhI ekamata haiN| RSibhASita meM varNita pArzva ke upadeza meM jaina mAnyatAoM ke prAcIna rUpa dRSTigata hote haiN| isa adhyAya meM pArzva ke darzana aura AcAragata mAnyatAoM kA spaSTarUpa se pratipAdana huA hai| adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM hI loka, aura gati ke prakAra, svarUpa aura artha kA vivecana huA hai| sAtha hI jIva evaM pudgala kI gati-prakriyA kA bhI ullekha huA hai| smaraNIya tathya to yaha hai ki loka kI zAzvatatA svIkAra karate hue bhI ve use na to bauddhoM kI taraha mAtra pariNAmI hI mAnate haiM aura na kUTastha nitya hI, apitu pariNAmI-nitya kahakara jaina paraMparA kI dArzanika avadhAraNA kA hI poSaNa karate haiN| punaH isa adhyAya meM cAturyAma, kaSAya, prANAtipAta arthAt hiMsA se nivRtti, acita padArthoM kA AhAra Adi kI carcA huI hai jo spaSTataH jainAvAra kA hI pauSaka 136. (a) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2/7/8 (ba) bhagavatI sUtra 1/9/423 (sa) niriyAvalikA 3/1

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58 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI niSkarma rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki prastuta adhyAya meM varNita dArzanika aura AcAra saMbaMdhI pArzva ke vicAra bhagavatI meM varNita unake vicAroM se samAnatA rakhate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke pArzva tIrthaMkara pArzva hI haiN| 32. piMga RSibhASita kA battIsavAM adhyayana piMga RSi se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM inako brAhmaNa-parivrAjaka arhat RSi ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta anyatra inakA jIvana caritra yA upadeza upalabdha nahIM hotA haiN| jaina paraMparA ke atirikta bauddha paraMparA aMguttara nikAya meM eka piMgayAnI brAhmaNa kA ullekha avazya milatA hai, jo ki vaizAlI nivAsI the evaM buddha ke anuyAyI the|137 suttanipAta meM bAbarI ke solaha ziSyoM kA ullekha huA hai| usameM eka ziSya kA nAma piMgI hai| inheM dhyAnI, gaNI, saMskArI Adi vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai|138 suttanipAta ke pArAyaNa vagga meM yaha bhI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki piMgI RSi buddha ke samakSa apanI vRddhAvasthA kI sthiti kA varNana karate haiM aura buddha inheM atRSNA, apramattatA kI preraNA dete haiN|139 uparyukta varNana se to aisA lagatA hai ki piMgI buddha yugIna RSi rahe hoMge aura Ayu meM buddha se bar3e the| kintu pro. sI ema upAsaka kI dRSTi meM RSibhASita ke piMga eka prAcIna RSi haiM aura inhIM se piMgIya paraMparA kA vikAsa huA hogaa| ataH unakI dRSTi meM suttanipAta ke piMga aura RSibhASita ke piMga RSi bhinna-bhinna vyakti hone caahiye|140 vaidika paraMparA ke mahAbhArata meM piMgala nAma ke RSi kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|141 paraMtu RSibhASita ke piMga se inakI samAnatA sthApita karanA muzkila hai, kyoMki donoM kI ekatA kA koI puSTa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| RSibhASita ke prastuta adhyAya kA mukhya upadeza adhyAtma kRSi kA pratipAdana hai| adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM hI yaha prazna pUchA gayA hai ki Arya! tumhArA khela kauna sA hai? kauna se bIjoM kI khetI hotI hai aura khetI karane ke sAdhanabhUta baila aura hala kauna se haiM?142 isa prazna ke uttara meM AdhyAtmika kRSi ke sAdhanoM kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vastutaH AtmA rUpI kheta meM tapa rUpa bIja vapana kiyA jAtA hai aura saMyama rUpI hala se aura ahiMsA rUpa bailoM se kheta kI jutAI kI jAtI 137. Dictionary of pali proper Names, Vol.II, P.998&200 138. Ibid 139. Ibid 140. 'isibhAsiyAI' eNDa pAli buddhisTa TeksTsa -e sTaDI 141. mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pra. 197 142. kato chettaM? kato bIyaM? kato te jugaNaMgalA? goNA vi te Na passAmi, ajjo. kA NAma te kisI? -isibhAsiyAI 32/2 -

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana hai / 143 sAtha hI isameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki aisI AdhyAtmika kRSi karane vAlA vyakti cAhe brAhmaNa ho, zudra ho, kSatriya ho, yA vaizya use usakA lAbha avazya milatA hai / 144 vaha vizuddhi ko upalabdha hotA hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke prastuta adhyAya aura mAtaGga nAmaka chabbIsaveM adhyAya ke atirikta adhyAya- - kRSi kA varNana anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai kintu bauddha paraMparA meM adhyAtma kRSi kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / suttanipAtta ke kasabhAradvAja nAmaka varga meM ve svayaM eka kRSaka ke rUpa meM adhyAtma kRSi ke sAdhanoM kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki " zraddhA merA bIja, tapavRSTi, prajJA naMgala, manajota, smRtikAla aura nirvANa kI dizA meM prayatnazIla merI zaktiyA~ vIrya hI mere baila haiM / 145 punaH buddha AdhyAtmika kRSi kI phalavattA kA pratipAdana karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki yaha khetI kabhI nirarthaka nahIM hotii| isase duHkha mukti rUpa phala upalabdha hotA hai / 146 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita kI suttanipAta meM varjita AdhyAtmika kRSi ke vivaraNoM meM samAnatA hai / 33. mahAzAlaputra aruNa RSibhASita ke taitIsaveM adhyayana meM mahAzAlaputra aruNa ke upadeza saMkalita hai| RSibhASita ko chor3akara jaina paraMparA meM anyatra inakA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM aruNa nAmaka pAMca vyaktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 147 kintu bauddha paraMparA ke aruNa aura RSibhASita ke aruNa meM ekatva mAnane kA koI AdhAra hameM nahI milA hai| 59 yahA~ prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM ullikhita aruNa RSi kauna hai ? kyA ye vahI hai jo upaniSadoM meM mahAzAla aruNa ke nAma se ullikhita hai? briMga inakA saMbaMdha aupaniSadika RSi AruNi ke sAtha jor3ate haiM ? 148 kintu DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra unakI yaha mAnyatA samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki AruNi kA 143. AtA chettaM tavo bIyaM, saMjamo jugaNaMgalA / ahiMsA samitI jojjA, esA dhammantarA kisI / / 144. eyaM kisiM kasittANaM, savyasattadayAvahaM / mAhaNe khattie vesse, sudde vA vi ya sijjhatI / / 145. dekheM - piMga ke samasta vivaraNa ke lie-pAli prApara nemsa bhAga 2, pR. 198-200 146. esA kisI sobhatarA, aluddassa viyAhitA / esA bahusaI hoi, paralokasuhAvahA / / 147. Dictionary of pali proper Names, Vol.I, P. 182-84 148. "isibhAsiyAI" inTroDakzana, pR. 4 - isi bhAsiyAI 32/3 -vahI 32/5 - isibhAsiyAI 32/3

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI dUsarA nAma uddAlaka bhI hai| uddAlaka nAma se RSibhASita meM eka svataMtra adhyAya haiN| ataH aruNa aura AruNi alaga-alaga haiN| mahAzAla aruNa AruNi yA uddAlaka ke pitA yA guru hone caahiye| 60. aruNa vaidika koza meM AruNi uddAlaka ko eka hI vyakti ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA haiM aura mahAzAla aruNa kA inake pitA ke rUpa meM ullekha karatA hai / 149 zatapatha brAhmaNa inakA pUrA nAma aruNa aupavezi gautama batAtA hai / 150 ke sAtha lagA huA 'mahAzAla' zabda unake azvapati se zikSita hone kA pratIka hai kyoMki chAndogyopaniSada meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki azvapati se zikSA prApta vyakti mahAzAla kahe jAte the| inake nAma ke sAtha lagA huA gautama zabda gotra kA pratIka hai| uparyukta varNana ke anusAra RSibhASita ke mahAzAla aruNa aupaniSadika RSi aruNa aupavezi gautama hI haiM jo ki AruNi- uddAlaka ke pitA aura guru haiN| RSibhASita meM varNita aruNa se upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya manuSya kI vANI kI ziSTatA hai| mahAzAla RSi ke anusAra manuSya ke jJAna yA mUrkha hone ke AdhAra para usakI vANI hai|951 isa adhyAya meM saMgati ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko prajJAzIla jJAnI puruSa se saMparka rakhanA cAhiye aura ajJAnI ke sAtha na to saMsarga kareM aura na usake sAtha tattva-carcA hI kareM152 kyoMki saMparka yA saMsarga se hI doSa aura guNoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| inake upadeza kI tulanA saMskRta sUkti " saMsargajA doSa-guNA bhavanti" se kI jA sakatI hai| aMgrejI meM prasiddha ukti Man is known by his company and tree is known by it's fruit se isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| 34. RSigiri RSibhASita ke cautIsaveM adhyayana meM inheM brAhmaNa parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| jainAgama aura jaina sAhitya meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita ko chor3akara anya kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| jahA~ taka bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA kA prazna hai usameM kahIM para bhI RSigiri nAmaka brAhmaNa parivrAjaka kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| 149. vaidikakoza, pR. 56 150. vahI, pR. 23 151. vahI, 33/1-4 152. Neva bAlehiM saMsaggiM Neva bAlehiM saMthavaM / dhammAdhammaM ca bAlehiM Neva kujjA kadAyi vi|| - isi bhAsiyAI 33/6

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana .61 RSibhaSita meM RSigiri sahanazIlatA kA upadeza dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki yadi koI mUrkha parokSa meM niMdA kareM to yaha samajhanA ki yaha kama se kama pratyakSa meM to kucha nahIM kara rahA hai|153 isI prakAra koI zarIra ko coMTa pahu~cAe to yaha vicAra kareM ki yaha mere prANoM ko to nAza nahIM kara rahA hai|154 Age isI adhyAya meM bhikSu ko nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha jitendriya, upasarga rahita jIvana yApana kreN|155 RSibhASita ke upadeza kI tulanA pAli sAhitya meM buddha aura eka bhikSu ke bIca hue saMvAda se kI jA sakatI hai| usameM buddha bhikSu se prazna karate haiM ki yadi tumhArI koI AlocanA, niMdA kareM to tumhAre mana meM kyA vicAra AyegA? pratyuntara meM bhikSu itanA hI kahatA hai ki mAtra AlocanA hI to kara rahA hai, mAra to nahIM rahA hai| yadyapi pAlisAhitya aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu aura bhAva meM koI aMtara nahIM hai, mAtra pharka itanA hai ki RSibhASita meM yaha upadeza ke rUpa meM vyakta huA hai, jabaki pAli sAhitya meM buddha ke vArtAlApa ke rUpa meM samakSa AtA hai| 35. (uddAlaka) uddAlaa RSibhASita kA paitIsavAM adhyayana uddAlaka aura unake upadezoM se saMbaMdhita hai| jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta anya sAhitya meM inake jIvana caritra ke saMbaMdha meM kAI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| bauddha paraMparA ke jAtaka ke anusAra uddAlaka dAsI se utpanna purohita putra the|256 inake pitA banArasa ke rAjA ke purohita the| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki inhoMne takSazilA meM uccazikSA prApta kI aura sanyAsiyoM ke AcArya bana gae, kintu yaha AcAryatva adhika samaya taka gupta na raha sakA, kyoMki eka purohita ne inakI yathArthatA se avagata hokara inheM sanyAsI veza chor3ane ke lie vivaza kiyA aura inheM apane adhikAra meM purohita banAkara rkhaa| jahA~ taka vaidika paraMparA kA prazna hai inheM apane pitA aruNa bhadravAsI, pataMcalakApya kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| inakA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa, chAndogyopaniSada Adi meM huA hai|57 aruNa aupavezika gautaka ke putra hone ke nAte inheM uddAlaka AruNi bhI kahA jAtA hai| -vahI 34/1gadyabhAga -isibhAsiyAI 34/4 gadyabhAga -vahI 34/6 153. bAle khalu paNDita. . . . . .No pcckkhN| 154. bAle ya paNDiyaM.....NojIvitAto vvroveti| 155. paMca mahavvayajutte, akasAe jitindie| sehu daMte suhaM suyati, Niruvasagge ya jiivti|| 156. (a) jAtaka saM. 487 (a) Dictionary of pali proper Names, Vol.I, P.389 157. dekheM-vaidika koza, pR. 56

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62 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI jahA~ taka uddAlaka RSi ke upadeza kA prazna hai, ye bhI anya zramaNa paraMparA ke RSiyoM kI taraha nivRtti kA hI upadeza dete haiN| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki jIva krodhAdi kASayika pariNAmoM se yukta hokara pApakarma karatA hai aura saMsAra paribhramaNa karatA hai kintu inase mukta yA virata hona ke lie trigupti se gupta, paMcendriya saMyama, aura zalya rahita honA Avazyaka hai|158 prastuta adhyAya meM jaina paraMparA meM pracalita avadhAraNAoM kA ullekha aura jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga adhika dRSTigocara hotA hai| 36. (nArAyaNa) tArAyaNa nArAyaNa RSi kA ullekha jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita bAhula, nAbhi, asita devala Adi ke sAtha bhI huA hai| 159 isake atirikta jainoM meM nau vAsudeva, nau baladeva ke nAma ullikhita haiM usameM naveM vAsudeva kA nAma nArAyaNa kahA gayA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM "nArAyaNa RSi" ke saMbaMdha meM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| nArAyaNa RSi kA tAlamela hindU paraMparA ke sAtha adhika baiThatA hai| kyoMki sAmAnyatayA vartamAna meM hiMdU paraMparA meM nArAyaNa zabda kA prayoga Izvara ke lie hotA hai| usameM Izvara aura nArAyaNa paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiN| nArada RSi kA suvizruta maMtra "nArAyaNa nArAyaNa" Aja bhI pracalita hI hai| mahAbhArata meM nara-nArAyaNa nAmaka RSiyugala kA ullekha hai|160 inake saMbaMdha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki inhoMne badrikAzrama meM rahakara tapArAdhanA kI thI aura yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki nArada ke sAtha inakA saMvAda huA thaa| inake upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya krodhAgni kI pracaNDatA kA pratipAdana karanA hai| ve krodhAgni kI bAharI agni se tulanA karate hue kahate haiM ki bAhara kI Aga ko pAnI se bujhAyA jA sakatA hai kintu krodharUpa agni ko saMpUrNa jala se bhI bujhAnA asaMbhava hai|161 nArAyaNa RSi kI dRSTi meM agni yA kopa hI aMdhakAra, mRtyu, viSa, vyAdhi, moha evaM parAjaya hai|162 unake anusAra bandhana aura janma maraNa kA mUla bhI krodha hI hai| -'isibhAsiyAI' 35/ gadya bhAga prAraMbha 158. cauhi ThANehi. . . .. paMcasamite pNcendriysNvudde| 159. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/3/4/2 160. mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pR. 175 161. sakkA vaNhI NivAretuM, vAriNA jalito bhi| savvodahijaleNAvi, kovaggI dunnnnivaaro| 162. vahI, 36/1 -isibhAsiyAI 36/5

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 63 prastuta nArAyaNa RSi ke saMbaMdha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karanA cAheM to prathama prazna yaha sAmane AtA hai ki kyA inakA saMbaMdha jaina paraMparA meM anyatra ullikhita AThaveM vAsudeva se haiM163 jinakA nAma nArAyaNa hai jinheM lakSmaNa bhI kahA gayA hai| athavA kyA vaidika paraMparA ke nArAyaNa (Izvara) se inakA koI saMbaMdha hai? aisA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai, jisase inheM vAsudeva nArAyaNa kahA jA ske| parantu inakA saMbaMdha hindU paraMparA ke nArAyaNa nAmaka RSi se jor3A jA sakatA hai| 37. zrIgiri RSibhASita kA saitIsavAM adhyayana zrIgiri ke upadezoM se saMbaMdhita hai| inheM brAhmaNa parivrAjaka kahA gayA hai| RSibhASita ke atirikta inakA ullekha anya jaina arvAcIna prAcIna sAhitya meM kahI bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA bhI inake saMbaMdha meM mauna hai| isalie inake jIvana aura vyaktittva ke saMbaMdha meM hameM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, mAtra unakA upadeza hI hamAre lie eka vikalpa hai| (1) (2) zrIgiri ke upadezoM meM sRSTi saMbaMdhI tIna avadhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI hai / 164 prathama avadhAraNA ke anusAra sarvaprathama sRSTi para jala hI thA, phira usameM se aNDe kA prasphuTana huA aura sRSTi utpanna huii| kintu zrIgiri isa mAnyatA ko nirasta kara dete haiM / 165 dUsarI avadhAraNAnusAra sRSTi mAyA se udbhuta mAnI gaI hai / 166 kintu zrI giri isase bhI sahamata nahIM hai| (3) tIsarI avadhAraNAnusAra sRSTi zAzvata hai| isakI puSTi karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vizva nahIM thA, aisA nahIM hai, vizva nahIM hai aura na hI rahegA aisA bhI nahIM hai / 967 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sRSTi zAzvata evaM anaMta hai| paraMtu yaha smaraNIya hai ki yahA~ zAzvatatA se zrIgiri kA tAtparya kUTastha nityatA se kadApi nahIM hai| vastutaH yahI avadhAraNA pArzva kI bhI thI, jisakA ullekha bhagavatI evaM RSibhASita meM huA hai / 168 mahAvIra bhI isI vicAradhArA ke samarthaka haiN| 163. " jaina tattva prakAza" pR. 97 (pUjya. amolaka RSi) 164. 'isibhAsiyAI' 37 / 1, 2, 3 gadyabhAga 165. ettha aNDe saMtatte, ettha loe saMbhUte, ettha sAsAse, iyaM Ne varuNa-vihANe / 16 166. 'mAyAtu tu prakRtiM vidyAta mAyinaM tu mahezvaram " 167. Na vi mAyA, Na kadAti, NAsi Na kadAti Na bhavati Na kadAti Na bhavissati y| 168. (a) bhagavatIsUtra 5/9 (ba) ' isi bhAsiyAI' 37/3 gadyabhAga -' isi bhAsiyAI 37/1 - zvetAzvatara upaniSad 4 / 10 - vahI 'isibhAsiyAI' 37 / 1

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64 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI .. Age isI adhyAya meM sUryodaya ke pazcAt hI gamana karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| jaina paraMparA meM ina vicAroM kI puSTi dazAzrutaskandha aura dazavaikAlika se bhI hotI 38. sAriputta (sAtiputta) RSibhASita ke aDatIsaveM adhyayana meM arhat buddha upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita meM prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta campA nivAsI eka brAhmaNa kA nAma bhI sAidatta kahA gayA hai aura yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ne unakI zAlA meM cAturmAsa kiyA thaa| paraMtu inakA saMbaMdha RSibhASita ke sAtiputra se jor3anA muzkila hai apitu inakA saMbaMdha buddha paraMparA ke sAriputra se adhika nikaTastha kA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra ye buddha paraMparA ke sAriputra hI RSibhASita ke sAtiputra haiN|170 bauddha paraMparA meM sAriputra kA vistRta ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa paraMparA meM sAriputra kI gaNanA buddha ke agraNI zrAvakoM meM huI haiN| inakA ullekha nAlaka grAma nivAsI brAhmaNa vaganta putra ke rUpa meM huA hai| buddha inheM mahAprajJAvAna aura dharma-senApati ke rUpa meM saMbodhita karate the|171 / / RSibhASita meM sAriputra ke upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya AtyAntika sukha ko upalabdha karanA hai| unake anusAra jisa sukha se sukha kI prApti ho vastutaH vahI AtyAtika sukha hai|172 usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki manojJa bhojana aura manojJa zayayAsana kA upabhoga kara bhikSu samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai aura isake viparIta amanojJa yA arucikara bhojana arucikara zayyAsana kA upabhoga kara bhikSu duHkhapUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai|173 uparyukta bhAvoM se aisA lagatA hai ki sAriputra ko usa yuga meM pracalita deha-daNDana kI avadhAraNA kA virodha karate haiN| isIlie unhoMne manojJa aura rucikara bhojana se samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna kI bAta kahI hai| isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki unhoMne tyAga-mArga kI upekSA aura bhoga mArga kI puSTi kI hai| saMkSepa meM kahanA cAheM to yahI kaheMge ki unakI dRSTi meM bAhya sAdhana kI apekSA AMtarika cittavRtti kA adhika mahattva hai, jo ki bauddha darzana kA keMdra aura madhyama mArga kA pratIka hai| 169. (a) dazAzrutaskandha 5/6-8 (ba) dazavaikAlika 8/28 170. 'RSibhASita' kI bhUmikA (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) 171. pAli prApara nemsa, khaNDa 2, pR. 1108-18 172. jaM suheNa suhaM laddhaM, uccantasukhameva tN| jaM sukheNa duhaM laddhaM, mA me teNa smaagmo|| -- 'isibhAsiyAI 38/1 173. vahI, 38/2,3

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana uparokta AdhAra para yaha to spaSTa hai ki prastuta sAtiputra bauddha sAriputra hai, jo ki buddha ke madhyama mArga meM samarthaka haiN| 39. saMjaya ___RSibhASita ke unatAlIsaveM adhyayana meM 'saMjaya' arhat RSi ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM 'saMjaya' ke nAma se eka pRthaka adhyayana bhI hai|174 jaina paraMparA meM saMjaya nAma ke aneka vyaktiyoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, kintu RSibhASita ke saMjaya se unakA saMbaMdha sthApita karanA kaThina hai| paraMtu uttarAdhyayana ke saMjaya aura RSibhASita ke saMjaya meM ekarUpatA spaSTataH pratIta hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kathAnusAra ve kampilapura ke rAjA haiM aura jaMgala meM mRga kA zikAra karate haiN| kintu yaha RSimRga hai, isa bhaya se ve dhyAnastha gardrabhilla nAmaka AcArya se kSamAyAcanA karate haiM ki kahIM muni zApa na deN| sAtha hI ve unake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara ziSya bana jAte haiN| RSibhASita kI gAthA se bhI yahI bhAva spaSTa hote haiM, jisameM ve kahate haiM ki mujhe svAdiSTa bhojana se koI prayojana nahIM, jisake kAraNa saMjaya ko jaMgala meM mRga kA vadha karanA par3atA hai|175 jahA~ taka bauddha paraMparA kA prazna hai usameM saMjaya nAmaka sAta vyaktiyoM kA ullekha huA hai|176 bauddha paraMparA meM sAriputra ke pUrva guru aura saMjaya velaTThIkeputta the, jo ki saMjaya ke nAma se prasiddha the| aba kevala vicAraNIya tathya yaha hai ki kyA saMjaya velaTThIputra hI RSibhASita ke saMjaya haiN| __prastuta adhyAya ke saMjaya mahAvIra ke samakAlIna hai aura sAriputra ke pUrva guru 'saMjaya' bhI mahAvIra kAlIna haiN| isa dRSTi se prastuta adhyAya ke pravaktA saMjaya aura sAriputra ke guru saMjaya eka hI vyakti hone caahiye| vaidika paraMparA meM mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA meM dhRtarASTra ke maMtrI saMjaya kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|177 kintu inakI prastuta saMjaya se ekarUpatA siddha karanA kaThina hai| RSibhASita meM varNita saMjaya kA upadeza mukhya rUpa se pApa nahIM karane kA nirdeza detA hai| isI adhyAya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadi pApAvaraNa ho bhI jAya to usakI AlocanA kreN|178 -'isibhAsiyAI' 39/6 174. uttarAdhyayana 18/ 175. Navi asthi rasehiM bhaddaehiM saMvAseNa ya bhaddaeNa y| jattha mie kANNosite, uvaNAmeti vahAe sNje|| 176. Dictionary of pali proper Names, Vol.II, P.998-1000 177. mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pR. 364-365 178. siyA pAvaM saI kujjA; taNakujjA puNo punno| NANi kammaM ca NaM kuSjA, sAdhu kammaM viyaanniyaa|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 39/3

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66 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI yadyapi bauddha sAhitya meM saMjaya ko saMzayavAdI kahA gayA hai kyoMki ve tAttvika praznoM kA nizcayAtmaka uttara nahIM dete the| dUsare zabdoM meM ve nizcayAtmaka zabdAvalI kA prayoga nahIM karate the| RSibhASita ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para spaSTarUpa se saMjaya ko saMzayavAdI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu gAMthA meM prayukta dravya, kSetra Adi pAribhASika zabda aikAntika nizcayAtmakatA ke niSedhaka kahe jA sakate haiN|179 40. dIvAyaNa (dvaipAyana) RSibhASita kA cAlIsavAM adhyayana dvaipAyana RSi se saMbaMdhita haiN| isameM inake upadeza saMkalita haiN| jaina paraMparA meM inakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta samavAyAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika cUrNi Adi graMthoM meM huA hai|180 sUtrakRtAMga meM dvaipAyana kA ullekha asita, nArAyaNa, pArAzara RSiyoM ke sAtha huA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki inhoMne sacita phalAhAra aura jala kA sevana karate hue mokSa ko prApta kiyaa| samavAyAMga inake lie AgAmI tIrthakara hone kI ghoSaNA karatA hai| antakRtadazA meM dvaipAyana aura yAdavoM se saMbaMdhita eka kathAnaka kA ullekha huA hai|181 usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yAdava kumAroM ne inheM bahuta satAyA aura sAdhanA meM bAdhA upasthita kI thii| phalasvarUpa inhoMne dvArikA ke vinAza kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA, jise jaina paraMparA meM nidAna kahA jAtA hai| saMkalpAnusAra agnikumAra deva banakara dvArikA kA vinAza kiyaa| inake saMdarbha meM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki jaina paraMparA meM inheM jainetara RSi ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| bauddha paraMparA ke jAtaka meM 'kaNha dIpAyaNa' ke saMbaMdha meM do kathAnaka upalabdha hote haiN|182 prathama kathAnaka ke kaNha kI RSibhASita ke dvaipAyana se koI samAnatA dikhAI nahIM detI hai kintu dUsarA kathAnaka kaNha ko vAsudeva ke vinAzaka ke rUpa meM citrita karatA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki RSibhASita ke dvaipAyana aura jAtaka ke kaNha eka vyakti rahe hoNge| prAyaH yaha kathAnaka. tInoM paraMparAoM meM ullikhita hai| jisameM viSayavastu kI samarUpatA hai| mAtra zAbdika aMtara dRSTi gocara hotA hai| vaidika paraMparA ke prasiddha graMtha mahAbhArata meM inakA jIvana vRttAnta aura upadeza vistAra se upalabdha hote haiN|183 usameM inheM vyAsa yA vedavyAsa kahA gayA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhISma ke Adeza se inhoMne vicitravIrya Adi kI patniyoM se tIna 179. rahasse khalu. . . . . . . jahatthaM aaloejjaa| -'isibhAsiyAI' 39/ gadyabhAga pR. 177 180. (a) samavAyAMgasUtra 159 (ba) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/3/4/3 (sa) dazavaikAlika cUrNi pR. 120 181. antakRtadazA pR. 71, 72 (muni pyAracaMda jI ma.byAvara) 182. Dictionary of pali proper Names, Vol.I, P.501-503 183. mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pR.87, 162

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana putrotpatti kI thI, jinheM dhRtarASTra, pANDu aura vidura ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai / dvaipAyana ko pArAzara kA putra aura mahAbhArata kA racayitA bhI kahA hai| RSibhASita meM inake upadeza kA mukhya pratipAdya anicchA se icchA para vijaya prApta karanA hai / inake anusAra icchA yA AkAMkSA hI kleza yA duHkha kA kAraNa hai| 184 ve spaSTarUpa se isameM kahate haiM ki icchA ke vazIbhUta huA mAnava mAtA-pitA, guru, rAjA Adi kA apamAna kara detA hai / 185 itanA hI nahIM, Age icchA ko janma-maraNa kA mUla kAraNa kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paraMparAoM meM inakA ullekha hone se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dvaipAyana prAk aitihAsika kAla ke koI RSi rahe hoNge| 41. indanAga (indranAga ) indranAga kA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta jaina paraMparA ke vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, Avazyaka niryukti, Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti Adi aneka graMthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| 186 inheM jIrNapura kA nivAsI mAnA gayA tathA ye bAla tapasvI ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| jaina graMthoM ke anusAra ye mahAvIra yugIna RSi the| bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA meM hameM inake vyaktitva aura jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM kisI prakAra kI kAI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| RSibhASita meM varNita indranAma apane upadeza meM kahate haiM ki AjIvikA ke nimitta kiyA huA tapa aura sukRta vyartha hai / 187 Age isI meM muni ko lakSya karake kahate haiM ki kucha jJAna aura cAritrika kriyA se jIvana jIte haiM, isake viparIta kucha muniveSa ko jIvikA kA sAdhana banAte haiM, ve vastutaH doSapUrNa jIvana yApana karate haiM / 188 Age isI adhyAya meM muni ke jIvanayApana kI paddhati para prakAza DAlate hue kahate haiM ki muni ko maMtra, taMtra, vidyA bhaviSyavANI, dUtika-karma Adi nahIM karanA cAhiye / 189 42. soma 67 RSibhASita ko bayAlIsavAM adhyAya soma arhat RSi se saMbaMdhita hai| inake vyaktitva, jIvana aura aitihAsikatA ke saMbaMdha meM hameM jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA 184. icchA bahuvidhA loe, jAe baddho kilissati / tamhA icchamaNicchAe, jiNittA sumedhatI / / 185. icchAbhibhUyA na jANanti mAtaraM pitaraM guruM / adhikkhivanti sAdhU ya, rAyANo devayANiya / / 186. (a) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 3290 (ba) Avazyaka niyukti 847 (sa) Avazyaka haribhadrIyavRtti pR. 347 187. "isibhAsiyAi" 41 / 1, 2 188. NANamevova jIvanto, caritaM karaNaM thaa| liMgaM ca jIvaNaTThAe, avisuddhaMtu jIvati / / 189. vahI 41/11 - 'isibhAsiyAi' 40/2 - isibhAsiyAI 40 / 3 - isi bhAsiyAi 41/9

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68 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| jaina paraMparA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'soma' nAma ke brAhmaNa 'pAzrva' ke saMpradAya meM dIkSita hue the aura mRtyu ke pazcAta zukra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue / ' 190 RSibhASita meM upadeza bhI itanA saMkSipta hai ki usake AdhAra para yaha kahanA muzkila hai ki yahI inakA mukhya siddhAMta hogA / prastuta adhyAya meM mAtra yahI kahA gayA hai ki vyakti kisI bhI pada yA avasthA meM rahe, adhika prApti kA prayAsa nahIM kreN| 43. yama inake saMbaMdha meM jaina paraMparA meM anyatra koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| mAtra inake upadeza meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki lAbha meM prasanna aura alAbha meM nArAja na ho| donoM paristhitiyoM meM taTastha rahane vAlA vyakti hI zreSTha hai / 191 upaniSadoM meM yama- naciketA kA saMvAda milatA hai| 192 44. varuNa RSibhASita ke cavAlIsaveM adhyAya meM varuNa RSi kA upadeza milatA hai| karmabaMdha ke do aMga yA kAraNa- rAga aura dveSa haiN| jo inase utpIr3ita nahIM hotA vahI vastutaH samyak prakAra se jIvana jItA hai / 193 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI rAga-dveSa ko karmabandha ke do aMga ke yA bIja ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai / 194 45. vaizramaNa RSibhASita kA paitAlIsavAM adhyayana vaizramaNa se saMbaMdhita hai| inake upadeza soma, yama aura varUNa kI apekSA vistRta haiN| isa adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM kAma se nivRtta hone kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jo ki saMsAra cakra kA mUla hai| isa adhyAya meM tela, pAtra, sarpa Adi ke udAharaNa Aye haiN| ye jaina paraMparA ke anya graMthoM meM bhI upalabdha hote haiM / 195 uparyukta RSibhASita ke cAra aMtima arhat RSi sAmAnyatayA jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paraMparA meM lokapAla ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / 196 aMtara kevala nAma meM hai| jahA~ jaina paraMparA soma, yama, varuNa, vezramaNa kA ullekha karatI hai vahA~ vaidika paraMparA meM iMdra, agni, yama aura varuNa ye cAra nAma svIkAra kiye gae haiN| vastutaH ina cAroM ko paurANika vyakti mAnA gayA hai na ki aitihAsika / -0 190. See - Prakrit Proper Names, Vol. 11, p. 864 191. lAbhammi jeNa sumaNo, alAbhe Neva dummaNo / se hu seTThe maNussANaM, devANaM va sayakkaU / / 192. kaTha - upaniSad 193. rAgaMge ya vidose ya se hu sammaM niyacchatI / 194 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 32/7 195. ahaM ca bhogarAyassa. .aNdhgvnnhinno| 196. (a) Prakrit proper Naines, Vol. 11, p.657. (ba) mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pR. 291 - isibhAsiyAi 43/1 - isi bhAsiyAI 44 / gadyabhAga pR. 188 - dazavaikAlika sUtra 2/8

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana dvitIya adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAdita jJAnamImAMsA jJAna kA mahattva RSibhASita meM jJAna aura ajJAna kI carcA gAthApati putra taruNa ke upadezoM meM saMkalita hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki taruNa RSi ke anusAra ajJAna hI samasta baMdhana aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai| janma-maraNa kI paraMparA, zoka, mAna-apamAna Adi sabhI ajJAna ke kAraNa hai|' ve jJAna kA mahatva batAte hue, spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki "ajJAna ke kAraNa pahale meM na jAnatA thA, na dekhatA thA, na samajhatA thA, aura na avabodha hI rakhatA thaa| aba jJAnavAna hone para maiM jAnatA hU~, dekhatA hU~, samajhatA hU~ aura avabodha rakhatA hU~"" pUrva meM ajJAna ke vazIbhUta maiMne aneka pApa kiye, aba jJAna saMpanna hone para maiM jAtanA hU~ ki vAsanAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara kiye gaye karma anaitika haiN| isa prakAra gAthApati putra taruNa jJAna ke mahattva aura jIvana me usakI upayogitA ko spaSTa karate haiM, kintu RSibhASita meM jJAna ke svarUpa, yathArtha jJAna kI prApti ke sAdhana Adi kI koI carcA hameM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| mAtra naitika jIvana aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna kA kyA sthAna yA mahattva hai, yahI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita ke isa adhyAya meM jJAna kI carcA ke saMdarbha meM nimna cAra zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| 2. 69 jAnanA (jAnAmi ), dekhanA (pAsAmi), samajhanA (abhisamAvemi), aura avabodha karanA (abhisaMbujjhAmi ) / yahA~ ina zabdoM ke artha ke saMdarbha meM aura jJAna prakriyA meM inake sthAna ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina AgamoM meM aura 1. maMjarA ya maccU ya, soko mANo'vamANaNA aNNANamUlaM jIvANaM, saMsArassa ya saMtatI / / -' isibhAsiyAi' 21/5 mUlaM khalu bho pUvvaM na jANAmi na pAsAmi no'bhisamAvemi, no'bhisaMbujhajjhAmi nANamUlAkaM khalu bho ! iyANiM jANAmi pAsAmi abhisamAvemi abhisaMbujjhAmi / - vahI, 21 / gadyabhAga pR. 76 3. aNNAmUlayaM khalu mama kAmehiM kiccaM karaNijjaM, NANamUlaM khalu mama kAmehiM akiccaM akaraNijjaM / - vahI, 21 / gadyabhAga pR. 76 .

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70 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI vizeSa rUpa se AcArAMga jaise prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM jAnanA aura dekhanA (jAnAmi-pAsAmi) kA prayoga bahutAyata se milatA hai| inhIM do zabdoM ke AdhAra para Age calakara jaina darzana meM darzana aura jJAna kI svataMtra avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa huaa| yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jJAna-prakriyA meM darzana ke bAda hI jJAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha satya hai ki sarvaprathama aindrika anubhUtiyA~ hotI hai aura usake bAda jJAna hotA hai| zramaNa paraMparA meM isa aindrika anubhUti ko darzana kahA jAtA hai| RSibhASita meM isI prakriyA ko pazyatA kahA gayA hai| isake lie RSibhASita meM 'pAsa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jisakA saMskRta zabda rUpa 'pazya' hai| sAmAnyatayA pazya se cAkSuSa jJAna ko hI samajhA jAtA hai, kintu usake aMtargata samasta aindrika anubhUtiyA~ samAviSTa haiN| isakI puSTi paravartI jaina dArzinika graMthoM se hotI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ise hama saMvedanA kaha sakate haiN| saMvedanA ke pazcAt vastu ke guNa kA jo jJAna hotA hai use hI sAmAnyatayA jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jaina paraMparA meM, vastu kI vizeSatAoM sahita hone vAle jJAna ko hI jJAna kI koTi meM mAnA jAtA hai| jaina AgamoM meM jJAna ke lie 'jANai' aura darzana ke lie 'pAsai' zabda ke prayoga hue haiN| RSibhASita meM bhI isI rUpa meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| RSibhASita meM yadyapi 'jAnAmi' ke pazcAt 'pAsAmi' zabda rakhA gayA hai kintu manovaijJAnika dRSTi se tathA jJAna kI prakriyA kI dRSTi se pahale 'pAsAmi' aura usake bAda 'jAnAmi' ko rakhanA hogaa| kyoMki vastu kI aindrika anubhUti ke pazcAta hI usakA vizeSarUpa se jJAna hotA hai| RSibhASita yahA~ 'abhisamAvemi' aura 'amisaMbujjhAmi' ina do zabdoM kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga karatA hai| ataH hameM inake arthoM ko bhI samyak prakAra se samajha lenA caahiye| 'pAisaddamahaNNavo' meM 'abhisamA' kA artha ThIka ThIka jAnanA yA nirNaya karanA hai|" vastutaH kisI vastu ke svarUpa kA vyavasthita rUpa se yA ThIka-ThIka prakAra se jAnanA hI abhisamAgama hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki abhisamAgama jAnane kI prakriyA kA eka Age bar3hA huA kadama hai| isI prakAra abhisaMbujjha bhI jJAna kI pUrNatA kA sUcaka hai| ata: hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM aindrika anubhUti se prAraMbha karake abhisaMbodha taka jJAna kI eka viziSTa prakriyA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi mUlagraMtha meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga ke atirikta hameM anya koI vizeSa carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina paraMparA kI jJAna prakriyA ko thor3A samajha lenA hogaa| - 4. viNaittu lobhaM nikkhamma, esa akamme jANaI paasi| AcArAMgasUtra 1/2/2 5. (a) sa upayogo dvividhaH sAkAro'nAkArazca jJAnopayogo jJAnopayogo drshnopyogdhetyrthH|-ttvaarthbhaassy pR 82 (ba) saamaanyvishessaatmkbaahyaarthgrhnnjnyaanm| tadAtmaka svarUpa grahaNaM, darzanamiti siddhm|| -SaTkhaNDAgama para dhavalA TIkA, 1, 1,4 6. 'isibhAsiyAi" 21/gadyabhAga 7. "pAisaddamahaNNavo"

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11 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana jaina paraMparA meM jJAna prakriyA ke cAra aMga mAne gaye haiM-(1) avagraha, (2) IhA, (3) avAya aura (4) dhaarnnaa| kyA RSibhASita ke pAsAmi, jAnAmi, abhisamAvemi aura abhisaMbujjhAAmi ko inase jor3A jA sakatA hai| vidvAnoM ke lie yaha vicAraNIya hai| merI dRSTi meM pAsAmi ko avagraha, jAnAmi ko IhA, abhisamAvemi ko avAya aura abhisaMbujjhAmi ko dhAraNA kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki inameM kucha samAnatA hai| ____ RSibhASita mukhyataH eka upadezaparaka graMtha hai| ataH usameM jJAnamImAMsIya dRSTi se kisI bhI prakAra kI carcA upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki usameM ullekhita pAsAmi aura jAnAmi zabda jaina paraMparA meM vikasita hone vAle jJAna aura darzana ke siddhAMtoM ke pUrva rUpa avazya hai| bhASA vicAra ____RSibhASita ke taitIsaveM 'aruNa nAmaka' adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhASA kA samyak prayoga hI karanA caahiye| isa adhyAya meM durbhASA aura subhASA kI avadhAraNA kA saMketa avazya upalabdha hotA hai, kintu isameM durbhASA aura subhASA zabdoM kA prayoga naitika AcaraNa kI dRSTi se hI huA hai, na ki jJAnamImAMsA kI dRSTi se| jJAnamImAMsA kA abhAva __ RSibhASita jJAna, ajJAna, subhASA, durbhASA Adi jJAnamImAMsIya zabdAvalI kA prayoga to karatA hai, kintu usameM kisI jJAnamImAMsIya siddhAMta kA abhAva hai| RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se kisI jJAnamImAMsIya siddhAMta kI anupasthiti kA hamArI dRSTi meM kAraNa yaha hai ki saMbhavataH I.pU. pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI meM naitika aura dhArmika sAdhanA para hI vizeSa bala diyA jAtA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki RSibhASita meM jitane spaSTa rUpa se naitika aura dhArmika AcAra-vicAra kI carcA hai, utane spaSTa rUpa meM kisI jJAnamImAMsIya siddhAMta kI carcA nahIM hai| jJAnadAna kA mahattva taitIsaveM adhyayana meM anya dAnoM kI apekSA jJAna dAna ke mahattva ko sthApita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dhana saMpatti ke arjana aura dAna kA prabhAva yaha sImita samaya taka hI rahatA hai, kintu saddharmamaya vANI kA dAna to akSaya aura amRta hotA -tatvArtha sUtra 1/15 8. 9. avgrhehaa'paaydhaarnnaa:| dubhAsiyAe bhAsAe, dukkaDeNa ya kmmunnaa| bAlamattaM viyANejjA, kajjAkajja vinnicche|| subhAsiyAe bhAsAe, sukkaDeNa ya kmmunnaa| paNDitaM viyANejjA, dhmmaadhmmaavinnicchy|| -'isibhAsiyAi' 33/2,3

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72 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hai| aruNa RSi ke uparyukta kathana se hama itanA to kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita ke kucha RSi jJAna ke mahattva ko sthApita kara rahe the| RSibhASita ke paitAlIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI mAtra jJAna kI mahimA kA nirUpaNa huA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki sarvajJa zAsana ko prApta karake vijJAna (Atma-jJAna) usI prakAra vikasita hotA hai jaise himAlaya ke sAnnidhya ko prApta vRkSoM meM suMdaratA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| jo sarvajJa zAsana ko prApta karatA hai usameM satva-buddhi, mati, medhA aura gAmbhIrya kI usI prakAra vRddhi hotI hai jaise auSadhi ke sevana se teja bala aura vIrya kI vRddhi hotI hai|11 RSibhASita ke kucha jJAnamImAMsIya zabda RSibhASita meM hameM kucha jJAna mImAMsIya zabda upalabdha ho jAte haiN| jaise sarvajJa, vijJAna, buddhi, mati, medhA aadi| (a) sarvajJa- RSibhASita meM sarvajJa zabda kA prayoga to dekhA jAtA hai|12 kintu sarvajJa se unakA kyA tAtparya rahA hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki paravartI jaina darzana meM sarvajJa zabda kA artha saMsAra kI samasta vastuoM ke traikAlika paryAyoM kA jJAna mAnA gayA hai|13 kintu jaina vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM sarvajJa zabda kA yaha artha paravartI hai| sarvajJa zabda ke artha ko lekara paMDita sukhalAlajI ne gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai, unakI dRSTi meM "prAcIna stara ke jaina AgamoM meM sarvajJa zabda kA jo prayoga hai, usakA vaha artha nahIM hai, jo sAmAnyatayA dArzanika yuga meM samajhA jAtA hai|" paNDita sukhalAla jI ne AcArAMga evaM vyAkhyAprajJapti ke saMdarbho ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki AtmA, jagata evaM sAdhanA mArga saMbaMdhI dArzanika jJAna kI pUrNatA hI usa yuga meM sarvajJatA mAnI jAtI thI, na ki traikAlika jJAna ko| jaina paraMparA meM sarvajJatA saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa kevala itanA hI thA ki dravya aura paryAya ubhaya ko samAna 10. khaiNaM pamANaM vattaM ca, dejjA ajjeti jo dhnnN| saddhammavakkadANaM tu, akkhayaM amataM mt|| --'isibhAsiyAi33/10 11. savvANNusAsaNaM pappa, viNNANaM pviyte| himavantaM giri pappA, tarUNaM cAru vaagmo|| -vahI, 45/33 12. sataM buddhi matI medhA, gaMbhIrattaM ca vddddhtii| osadhaM vA suyakkantaM, junjae blviiriy|| --'isibhAsiyAi' 45/34 13. sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasyA 30 bhASya-"sarvadravyaparyAyeSu ca kevaljJAnasya viSayanibandho bhvti| taddhati sarvabhAvagrAhakaM saMbhinna lokAlIka vissym|" -'sabhASyatatvArthAdhigammasUtrama'

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana bhAva se jAnanA hI jJAna kI pUrNatA hai| jaina paraMparA meM sarvajJa ke sthAna para pracalita pAribhASika zabda kevalajJAnI bhI apane mUla artha meM dArzanika jJAna kI pUrNatA ko hI prakaTa karatA hai na ki traikAlika jJAna ko| kevala zabda sAMkhya darzana meM bhI prakRti-puruSa ke viveka ke artha meM hI prayukta hotA hai| yadi yaha zabda sAMkhya paraMparA se jaina paraMparA meM AyA, yaha mAnA jAya to isa AdhAra para bhI kevala jJAna kA arthatatva yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna hI hogA, na ki traikAlika jnyaan| AcArAMga kA yaha vacana ki jo eka AtmA ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha usakI sabhI kaSAyaparyAyoM ko bhI yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai| isI tathya kA poSaka hai ataH "je ega jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai" kA artha AtmA jJAna aura AtmA paryAya kA jJAna hI he na ki traikAlika srvjnytaa| sarvajJa ke saMbaMdha meM Agama kA yaha vacana ki "siya jANai siya Na jANai" (bhagavatI) bhI yahI batAtA hai ki kevala jJAna traikAlika sarvajJatA nahIM hai, varan vizuddha AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika jJAna hai|"14 jJAtavya hai ki digambara paraMparA ke AcArya kundakunda aura zvetAmbara paraMparA ke AcArya haribhadra ne sarvajJatA kI trikAladarzI paraMparAgata paribhASA ko mAnya rakhate hue bhI naI paribhASAe~ prastuta kI thii| kundakunda ne kahA thA ki "vyavahAra naya se hI yaha kahA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa lokAloka kI sabhI Atmetara vastuoM ko janatA hai, kintu nizcaya naya se sarvajJa svAtmA ko hI jAnatA hai|5 ina saba kathanoM se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki RSibhaSita meM jo 'savvaNNu' (sarvajJa) zabda AyA hai, usakA artha Atma-jJAna yA Atma-anAtma viveka hI hai| (ba) vijJAna- isI prakAra RSibhASita meM 'viNNANa' (vijJAna) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vaha vastuta: Aja ke artha meM prayukta vijJAna zabda se bhinna hai| vijJAna zabda kA prayoga prAcIna stara ke jaina AgamoM aura pAli sAhitya meM eka bhinna artha maM hI huA hai| vahA~ isakA artha manodazAoM kA jJAna hai| jJAtavya hai ki isI vijJAna zabda ke AdhAra para bauddhoM kA eka pUrA sampradAya hI vikasita huA hai, jise vijJAnavAda kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ hama usa samagra carcA meM na jAkara kevala yaha dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM vijJAna zabda kA prayoga manodazAoM ke jJAna ke rUpa meM huA hai| 14. appsarUvaM pecchadi, loyAloyaM Na kevalI bhgvN| jaI koI bhaNaI evaM, tassa ya kiM dUsaNaM hoii|| -niyamasAra gAthA 166 pR. 550 15. jANadi passadi savvaM, vavahAraNae kevalI bhgvN| kevalaNANi jANadi, passadi NiyameNa appaann|| -vahI, gAthA 158 16. 'isibhAsiyAi' 45/33

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI (sa) buddhi, mati aura medhA- isI prakAra RSibhASita meM prayukta buddhi, mati aura medhA zabda bhI sAmAnya rUpa se manuSya kI cintana sAmarthya aura vivekazIlatA ke sUcaka haiN|17 RSibhASita meM prayukta ye tInoM zabda paryAyavAcI hai yA bhinna-bhinna arthoM ke sUcaka haiM-yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai, kintu hameM yaha avazya smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki paravartI jaina paraMparA meM mati zabda kA prayoga aindrika jJAna ke artha meM huA hai| tattvArtha-satra meM iMdriya aura mana se utpanna hone vAle jJAna ko matijJAna kahA hai|18 tattvArtha sUtra meM mati, saMjJA, smRti cintA, abhinibodha Adi ko paryAyavAcI kahA gayA kintu mati zabda buddhi kI apekSA vyApaka artha meM grahita hai| buddhi se sAmAnyatayA vyakti kI mAnasika cintana sAmarthya ko hI grahita kiyA jAtA hai| ataH mati kI upekSA buddhi zabda kA kSetra sImita hotA hai| punaH mati kI apekSA buddhi zabda kA kSetra sImita hotA haiN| punaH medhA zabda aura bhI sImita artha kA sUcaka hai, vaha kevala viziSTa bauddhikatA ko hI sUcita karatA hai| buddhimAnoM meM bhI jo zreSTha hotA hai use hI medhAvI kahA jAtA hai| ataH hama ina tIna zabdoM meM artha kI dRSTi se kucha aMtara kara sakate haiN| kintu jahA~ taka RSibhASita kA prazna hai, vaha mAtra ina pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai, kintu inakA vizeSa artha spaSTa nahIM karatA hai| durbhAgya se RSibhASita kI prAcIna vyAkhyAe~ aura TIkAe~ bhI upalabdha nahIM haiN| RSibhaSita para bhadrabAhu ne jisa niyukti kI racanA karane kI pratijJA kI thI, vaha yA to likhI hI nahIM gaI yA phira Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| ataH RSibhASita meM ullekhita jJAnamImAMsIya pAribhASika zabdoM kA artha nirdhAraNa karanA bhI kaThina hai| yadi RSibhASita kI jJAnamImAMsA para adhika prakAza DAlA jAnA saMbhava hotaa| kintu vartamAna sthiti meM hama usameM upalabdha jJAna mImAMsA ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI apanI dRSTi se kI gaI ina vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta adhikArika rUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiN| -0 17. "isibhAsiyAI" 45/34 18. "tadindriyAnindriya nimittam" tatvArthasUtram 1/15 19. "matiH smRtisaMjJAcintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAtaram' -tattvArthasUtrama 1/13

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 75 tRtIya adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAdita tattvamImAMsA tattvamImAMsA dArzanika ciMtana kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| tattvamImAMsA meM hama mukhyatayA sattA ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate haiN| yaha jo hamArA anubhUti kA jagata hai usakA mUlatattva kyA hai? vaha jar3a hai yA cetana, eka hai yA aneka? usase yaha jagata kisa prakAra utpanna huA, sRSTi kA mUlatattva evaM kAraNa kyA hai? yadi sRSTi ke mUla meM eka se adhika sattAe~ (tattva) haiM, to unakA pAramparika saMbaMdha kyA hai? ye aise prazna hai jo tattvamImAMsA ke aMtargata Ate haiN| RSibhASita meM pratipAdita sRSTimImAMsA tattvamImAMsA kI hI eka zAkhA sRSTi mImAMsA kahalAtI hai jo sRSTi ke utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karatI hai| RSibhASita ke 37 veM zrI giri nAmaka adhyayana meM tathA 31 veM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM jagata aura usakI sRSTi ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM kucha prazna uThAyeM gaye haiN|' __ RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM sRSTi aura gati se saMbaMdhita nimna 9 prazna uThAye gaye haiM, usameM pAMca prazna loka se saMbaMdhita hai aura cAra prazna gati se saMbaMdhita hai| loka se saMbaMdhita pAMca prazna nimna hai-- 1- yaha loka kyA hai? arthAt loka kA svarUpa kyA hai? 2- loka kitane prakAra kA hai? 3- loka kisakA hai arthAt isakA svAmI kauna hai? 4- loka bhAva kyA hai arthAt loka kA svarUpa kisa prakAra kA hai- vaha sAdi hai yA anAdi, vaha sAnta hai yA ananta, vaha pAriNAmika hai yA aparivartanazIla? 1- (1) ke'yaM loe? (2) kaividhe loe? (3) kassa vA loe? (4) ke vA loyabhAve? (5) ke vA aDheNa loe pavuccai? -isibhAsiyAI 31/1 gadyabhAga pR. 132

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76 RSibhASita meM cAra prazna upasthita kiye gae haiM 1- gati kyA hai? 2- gati kisakI hotI hai ? 3- gatibhAvaM arthAt gati kA svarUpa kyA hai ? vaha sAnta hai yA ananta usakA prAraMbha hai athavA nahIM? 4- use gati kyoM kahA jAtA hai? RSibhASita meM loka aura gati se saMbaMdhita ina nau praznoM ke jo saMkSipta uttara diye gaye haiM, unase RSibhASita kA aura vizeSa rUpa se pArzva kI tattvamImAMsA kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| 2. sRSTi kA mUlatattva tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se loka kA mUla tattva kyA hai? vaha jar3a hai yA cetana ? yaha eka mUlabhUta prazna rahA hai AdhyAtmavAdI dArzanika saMsAra ke mUla meM mAtra cetana tattva kA astiva svIkAra karate haiM, unake anusAra AtmA yA citta hI mUlatattva hai aura yaha samasta jagata usI kI abhivyakti hai| AtmA yA citta ko hI mUlatattva mAnane saMbaMdhI yaha dRSTikoNa hameM upaniSadoM meM upalabdha hotA hai jahA~ brahma ko hI saMsAra kA mUlatattva mAnA gayA hai| saMsAra meM jo kucha hai, vaha brahUma hI hai - yaha AdhyAtmavAda kA mukhya darzana hai| jaina AgamoM meM sUtra kRtAMga meM hameM isa prakAra kA dRSTikoNa upalabdha hotA hai, usameM kahA gayA hai ki vijJAtA hI vividha rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai| yahI dRSTikoNa hameM bauddha vijJAnavAdiyoM kA bhI pratIta hotA hai|" jo citta yA vijJAna ko hI samasta sRSTi kA AdhAra mAnate haiN| isake viparIta bhautikavAdI jar3a tattva ko sRSTi kA mUla AdhAra mAnate haiN| ve cAra athavA pAMca bhUtoM ko hI saMsAra kA mUla upAdAna mAnate haiM aura usI se cetanA kI utpatti batAte haiN| svayaM RSibhASita ke hI 20 veM 3. 5- use kisa kAraNa se loka kahA jAtA hai? RSibhASita meM gati se saMbaMdhita dArzanika samasyA ko prastuta karate hue 4. 5. DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI (1) kA gatI? (2) kassa vA gatI? (3) ke vA gatibhAve? (4) keNa aTaTheNa gatI pavucca tiM? -" isi bhAsiyAi" 31 / 1 gadyabhAga pR. 132 (a) sarvavaikhalu idaM brahma, neha nAnAsti kiMcana / ArAmaM tasya pazyanti, na ta pazyati kazcana / / (ba) brahma eva idaM vizvam jahA ya puDhavIthUme, ege nANahi dIsaIM evaM bho! kasiNe loe, vissU nANahi dIsaI " bhAratIya darzana" datta evaM caTarjI, pR. 97 vijJAnavAda -" chAndogya upaniSada " 3/14/1 -"muNDaka upaniSada " 2/2/11 -" sUtrakRtAMga" 1/1/9

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 77 utkala nAmaka adhyAya meM paMca mahAbhUtoM se AtmA yA cetanA ke utpanna hone kA siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM kA siddhAMta vistAra se upalabdha hai| kintu RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM saMsAra ke mUlatattva ke rUpa meM jar3a aura cetana donoM ko hI sRSTi kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai|" ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki RSibhASita meM jahA~ eka ora sRSTi ke mUlatattva ke saMdarbha meM vizuddha rUpa se bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa upalabdha hai, jo yaha mAnatA hai ki jar3a se hI citta jagata kI sRSTi hotI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora usameM vaha dRSTikoNa bhI upalabdha hai| jisameM jar3a aura cetana donoM ko hI sRSTi kA mUlatattva mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki isameM sRSTi ke mUlatattva ke saMdarbha meM vizuddha rUpa se adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, yadyapi sirigiri nAmaka 37veM adhyAya meM yaha avazya kahA gayA hai ki yaha jagata aNDe se utpanna huA hai| isa adhyAya ke anusAra aNDA santapta huA aura phuuttaa| phalataH loka utpanna huA aura vaha zvasita huaa| kintu ise adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se hameM RSibhASita meM do prakAra ke dRSTikoNa hI upalabdha hote (1) sRSTi kA mUlatattva bhautika yA jar3a hai aura (2) yaha ki sRSTi ke mUlatattva jar3a aura cetana donoM hI hai| lokasRSTA kA prazna saSTi kisI ke dvArA utpanna kI gaI hai athavA vaha svaya hI astivavAna hai, yaha prazna bhI tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| RSibhASita meM 37 veM adhyAya meM eka sthAna para yaha avazya kahA gayA hai ki kucha logoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki 6. se kiM saM 'rajjukkale'? rajjukkale NAmaM je NaM rajjudiTThanteNaM samudrayamettapaNNavaNAe paMcamahabbhUtakhandhamattA bhidhANAI saMsArasaMsati vocchdNvdti| se saM rjjukkle| -'isibhAsiyAI' 20 vAM adhyayana-gadyabhAga 2 / / 3 / / 7. saMti paMca mahabbhUyA, iha megesimaahiyaa| puDhavI Au teU, vA vAu aagaasNpcNmaa||7|| paMca mahabbhUyA, tebbho egotti aahiyaa|| aha tesiM viNAseNa, viNAso hoI dehinne||8|| -'sUtrakRtAMga' 1-1-17, 8 gAthAe~ 8. attabhAve loe sAmittaM paDucca jIvANaM loe, nivvattiM paDucca jIvANaM ceva ajIvANaM cev| -'isibhAsiyAI' 31vAM adhyayana-gadyabhAga 3 9. se kiM taM "daNDukkale"? daNDukkale nAma jeNaM daNDuTTiteNaM AdillamanjhavasANANaM paNNavaNAe "samudayamettA" bhidhANAiM"Natthi sarIrAto paraM jIvo" tti bhagavati voccheyaM vdti| se taM dnnddukkle| -'isibhAsiyAI' 20 vAM adhyayana. gdybhaag| 10. attabhAve loe sAmittaM paDucca jIvANaM loe, nivvattiM par3acca jIvANaM ceva AjIvANaM cev| -vahI, 31vAM adhyayana, gadyabhAga 3

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI yaha sRSTi varuNa ke dvArA nirmita hai, kintu sirigiri spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki yaha sRSTi varuNa kA vidhAna nahIM hai|" isa prakAra RSibhASita meM sRSTi ke kisI ke dvArA utpanna kiye jAne ke saMdarbha meM niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa hI upalabdha hotA hai| sRSTi brahma kI mAyA nahIM 78 13 RSibhASita yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki yaha sRSTi brahma yA Izvara kI mAyA hai, balki vaha sRSTi ke zAzvata hone kI avadhAraNA kI puSTi karatA hai / sirigiri kahate haiM ki yaha vizva mAyA nahIM / " aisA bhI nahIM hai ki yaha jagata kabhI nahI thA / arthAt jagata kI sRSTi kisI kAla vizeSa meM nahIM huI hai| sRSTi kisI kAla vizeSa meM utpanna huI hai-aisA mata unheM svIkAra nahIM hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, ve isase bhI eka kadama bar3hakara kahate haiM ki aisA bhI kabhI nahIM hogA ki yaha saMsAra nahIM rhegaa| vastutaH kucha aupaniSadika cintaka jagata ko brahma yA indra kI mAyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate the kintu RSibhASita meM kisI bhI RSi dvArA isa siddhAMta kA samarthana nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| yadyapi paravartI kAla meM vizeSa rUpa meM zaMkara ke adveta vedAnta meM mAyAvAda sRSTi kA mUlabhUta siddhAMta bana gayA thA / 15 vizva anAdi-ananta RSibhASita meM pArzva aura zrIgiri nAmaka adhyAyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha vizva zAzvata hai, anAdi aura ananta hai|" isa prakAra RSibhASita sRSTi ke anAdi aura anaMta hone kI avadhAraNA ko savIkAra karatA hai| isa tathya kA samarthana karate hue pArzva nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "yaha loka na to kabhI naSTa hotA hai aura na kabhI utpanna hotA hai, yaha loka kabhI nahIM thA, aisA nahIM hai| yaha loka kabhI nahIM hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai, aura yaha loka kabhI nahI rahegA aisA bhI nahI hai| yaha loka pahale thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| kyoMki yaha loka dhruva hai, 11. ettha aNDe saMttate, etthaM loe saMbhUte, etthe sAsAse, iyaM Ne varuNa-vihANe / 12. 15. 16. vi mAyA, Na kadAti NAsi Na kadAti Na bhavati Na kadAti Na bhavissati yA - isi bhAsiyAI, 37vA~ adhyayana, gadyabhAga / 13. Na kadAti NAsi Na kadAti Na bhavati Na kadAti Na bhavissati yA 14. (a) indro mAyAbhiH puruSarUpa Iyate - vR. 2/5/19 (ba) mAyA tu prakRtiM vidyAt mAyinaM tu mahezvaram / " bhAratIya darzana" - datta evaM caTarjI (a) Na kadAti NAsi kadAti Na bhavati Na kadAti Na bhavissati y| (ba) " aNAdIe aNihaNe pariNAmie lokabhAve " / - isibhAsiyAI 37vA~ adhyayana, gadyabhAga - vahI -" bhAratIya darzana" datta evaM caTarjI, pR. 230 - vahI, 4 / 10, pR. 230 - zaMkara kA advaitavAda, pR. 230-31 - isi bhAsiyAi 37vAM adhyayana, gadyabhAga-3 -vahI 31 vAM adhyayana, gadyabhaga-4

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana nitya hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai aura nitya avasthita hai|"17 mAtra yahI nahIM pArzva nAmaka adhyAya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki "jagata ke mUla ghaTaka jinheM paMcAsti kAya kahA jAtA hai ve bhI kisI ke dvArA sRSTa nahIM hai| ve na to kisI ke dvArA utpanna kiye hue haiM aura na kabhI utpanna hI hote haiM arthAt jagata ke mUla ghaTaka bhI jagata ke samAna hI nitya hI haiN|18 loka ke saMdarbha meM yaha anAdi ananta hone kI avadhAraNA jaina Agama bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yaha jagata anAdi kAla se haiM aura ananta kAla taka rhegaa|9 pArzva kI, jagata ke anAdi, ananta aura asRSTa hone kI, jo avadhAraNA thI, use bhagavatI sUtra meM na kevala svIkAra kiyA gayA hai apitu mahAvIra ne yaha kaha kara maiM bhI yahI mAnatA hU~, usa para apanI sampuSTi kI mohara bhI lagAyI hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM hameM sRSTi ke anAdikAla se hone aura ananta kAla taka bane rahane kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| vastutaH zramaNa paraMparA ke ve sabhI RSi, jo Izvara ko sRSTi kartRttva ke dAyitva se mukta rakhanA cAhate the, unhoMne yahI dRSTikoNa apanAnA adhika ucita samajhA ki yaha loka anAdikAla se hai aura anantakAla taka rhegaa| mAtra yahI nahIM isa jagata ke mUla ghaTaka bhI jinheM jaina paraMparA paMcAstikAya ke nAma se jAnatI hai, anAdi aura ananta hai, kyoMki sRSTi ke mUla ghaTakoM ko anAdi aura ananta na mAnane para yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hogA ki ve kahA~ se Aye? vastutaH ve sRSTi aura sRSTi ke mUla tavoM kA kisI ko sRSTA nahIM mAnanA cAhate the| kyoki yadi hama kisI sRSTA kI avadhAraNA ko savIkAra kareMge, to usase jur3e hue aneka dArzanika prazna upasthita hoMge yathA-(1) jagata ke sRSTA ne isa sRSTi ko svayaM apane se banAyA yA kinhIM anya tattvoM se? (2) yadi anya tattvoM se banayA to ve anya tattva kisake dvArA banAye gae? (3) yadi ve 17. loe Na katAI NAsI Na katAi Na bhavati Na katAi Na bhavissati bhuviM ca bhavati ya bhavissati ya, dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie nicce| -isibhAsiyAI.31 vAM adhyayana, gadyabhAga, Y 138 18. se jahA NAmate paMca asthikAyA Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA evAmeva loke'vi Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA.... - isibhAsiyAI (vahI) 31 vAM adhyayana, gadyabhAga 19. kiM sate loe? aNaMte loe? aya meyArUve ajjhiAtthie ciMtie patthie maNogae saMkappe samupajjitthA-kiM saaMte loe? aNate loe?-tassa vi ya NaM ayamaTheevaM khalu mae khNdyaa| cauvvihe loe paNNatte, saM jahA davvao, khettao, kAlao, bhaavo| -bhagavatI sUtra 212, sUtra 27-30 20. bhagavatI sUtra

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80 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI sRSTi ke mUlabhUta tattva anAdi aura ananta hai to phira Izvara ne kisakI sRSTi kI? (4) kyA vaha mAtra unake saMyogoM kA kartA hai? (5) puna: yadi yaha bhI mAneM ki vaha una mUlabhUta ghaTakoM se hI sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai to yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sRSTi kI racanA meM usakA kyA prayojana hai? (6) yadi sRSTi kI racanA meM usakA koI prayojana hai to vaha AptakAma nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi vaha AptakAma nahIM hai to Izvara nahIM hai| (7) punaH yadi vaha apanI lIlA ke lie sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai to bhI yaha prazna to apanI jagaha khar3A hI rahatA hai ki usakI yaha lIlA kI icchA kyoM hai, kyoM vaha dUsare prANiyoM ko sukha-dukha kI pIr3AoM meM DAlakara apanA manoraMjana karanA cAhatA hai| ye saba aise prazna hai jinakA samyak samAdhAna kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki RSibhASita ke kisI bhI RSi dvArA isa prakAra kA dRSTikoNa prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA, jisameM Izvara dvArA jagata ke sRSTi karane kA siddhAMta svIkAra kiyA gayA ho| punaH yadi Izvara kinhIM mUlatattvoM ko lekara jagata kI sRSTi karatA hai athavA prANiyoM ke puNya pApa ke AdhAra para jagata kI sRSTi karatA hai to isase usake sarvazaktimAna hone ke saMbaMdha meM praznacinha khar3A hotA hai? kyoMki yadi vaha jagata kI sRSTi karane meM anya tattvoM para nirbhara rahatA hai athavA prANiyoM ke puNya pApa para nirbhara karatA hai to vaha sarvazaktimAna aura svataMtra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isalie RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ne saMbhavataH yahI ucita samajhA hogA, ki sRSTi ko anAdi-ananta mAna kara sRSTi kartRttya kI dArzanika samasyAoM se mukti prApta kara lI jaaye| RSibhASita meM sRSTi ke anAdi-ananta hone kA tAtparya RSibhASita meM sRSTi ke anAdi aura ananta mAnane kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki usameM koI parivartana hI nahIM hotA hai| RSibhaSita meM sRSTi ko jo anAdi, ananta aura nitya kahA gayA hai, usakA tAtparya mAtra yahI hai ki vaha na to kisI kAla vizeSa meM utpanna huI thI aura na vaha kisI kAla vizeSa meM samApta hI ho joygii| usake anAdi-ananta hone kA tAtparya sRSTi prakriyA ke anAdi-ananta hone se hai, kyoMki yadi jagata yA sRSTi meM parivartanazIlatA ko asvIkAra kiyA jAyegA, to phira sRSTi zabda kA hI koI artha nahIM raha jaayegaa| vastutaH sRSTi kA tAtparya yaha hai utpatti aura vinAza kI eka avicchinna dhaaraa| sRSTi ke anAdi-anaMta hone kA artha utpAda aura vyaya kI dhArA kA anAdi-anaMta honA hai| ata: RSibhASita ke pArzva aura zrIgiri ke dvArA jo sRSTi kI nityatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha kUTastha nityatA na hokara paNiAmI nityatA hai| 21. 'syAdvAdamanjarI' kArikA-6, pR. 28-29

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana vizva ke mUlatattva kA svarUpa sRSTi ke svarUpa ko lekara mukhyarUpa se tIna prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM-eka dRSTikoNa una advetavAdiyoM kA hai jo sRSTi kA mUlatattva advaya nirvikAra AtmA ko mAnate haiN| unake anusAra yaha parivartanazIla jagata mAtra pratIti hai, sat nhiiN| ve use mAyA yA vivarta hI mAnate haiN|22 dvaitavAdI dArzanikoM meM sAMkhya dArzanika sRSTi ke mUla meM puruSa aura prakRti aise do tattva mAnate haiN| unake anusAra puruSa nirvikAra kUTastha nitya hai, jabaki prakRti pariNAmI nitya hai ve sRSTi ke samasta parivartanoM ko prakRti ke parivartanoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN|23 bauddha dArzanika citta aura padArtha-donoM ko hI parivartanazIla mAnate haiN| unake anusAra sattA utpAda-vyayAtmaka arthAt pariNAmI aura anitya hai| yadyapi saiddhAMtika dRSTi se parivartana kI satata prakriyA ko ve svIkAra karate haiM, kintu usameM kisI nitya tattva kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM krte|24 _sRSTi prakriyA ke saMdarbha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa aupaniSadika advaita-vAdiyoM se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki jahA~ aupaniSadika advaitavAdI sRSTi ko aura usameM ghaTita parivartanoM ko mAyA kahate haiM vahA~ jaina dArzanika use sat mAnate haiN| sAMkhyoM se unakA dRSTikoNa isa artha meM bhinna hai ki jahA~ sAMkhya AtmA ko apariNAmI aura prakRti ko pariNAmI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina dArzanika AtmA aura jar3a sattA (prakRti) donoM ko hI pariNAmI nitya mAnate haiN|25 sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM jaina dRSTikoNa bauddha dRSTikoNa se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki ve jar3a aura cetana donoM ko pariNAmI mAnate hue bhI nitya mAnate haiM, jabaki bauddha unheM pariNAmI to mAnate haiM kintu nitya nhiiN|26 jaina paraMparA kA sRSTi saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa RSibhASita ke 'pArzva' nAmaka adhyayana meM hameM vistArapUrvaka milatA hai| sRSTi ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM pArzva kA dRSTikoNa RSibhASita ke 31veM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM loka kA svarUpa nimna rUpa meM pratipAdita hai2722. "bhAratIya darzana''-datta evaM caTarjI zaMkara kA advaitavAda, pR. 231 32 23. vahI, sAMkhya darzana, pR. 169, 70, 65 24. vahI, pR. 87, 88, 89 25. 'tattvArthasUtra' utpAd vyayadhrovyuktaM sat"5/29 26. "bhAratIya darzana" datta evaM caTarjI, sAMkhya darzana, pR. 88-89 27. (1) ke'yaM loe? kaIvidhe loe? kassa vA loe? ke vA loyabhAve? ke vA adreNa loe? pavuccaI? (2) cauvihe loe viyAhite-davvato loe, khettao loe, kAlao loe, bhAvao loe| (3) attabhAve loe sAmittaM paDucca jIvANaM loe, nivvatiM paDucca jIvANaM ceva ajIvANa cev| (4) aNAdIe, aNihaNe, pariNAmie lokbhaave| (5) lokAtIti loko| -isibhAsiyAI 31/gadyabhAga

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI loka kyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki loka jIva aura ajIva rUpa hai| isa prakAra vahA~ sRSTi ke mUlatattva ko na to kevala cetana mAnA gayA hai aura na kevala jar3a, apitu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yaha sRSTi jar3a aura cetana donoM hI prakAra kI sattAoM se nirmita hai| isa prakAra sRSTi ke svarUpa saMbaMdhI yaha dRSTikoNa vedAntiyoM aura vijJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddhoM se isa artha meM bhinna hai, ki ve samasta sRSTi ko cetanA kA hI vikAra mAnate haiN| vahA~ bhautikavAdiyoM se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki bhautikavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM jagata kA mUlatattva mAtra jar3a hai| bhautivAdiyoM kA sRSTi saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa hameM RSibhASita ke utkalavAdI nAmaka 20 veM adhyAya meM prApta hotA hai| jabaki pArzva kI dRSTi meM yaha jagata jar3a-cetana ubhaya rUpa hai| 82 punaH jagata yA loka ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue use dravya loka, kSetra loka, kAla loka aura bhAva loka- aise cAra prakAroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM pArzva ke anusAra jagata kI vyAkhyA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAra AyAmoM se kI jA sakatI hai? isa prakAra pArzva sRSTi ke cAra AyAma mAnate haiN| loka kI svataMtra sattA evaM upayoga ke saMdarbha meM carcA karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha loka AtmabhAva meM hai arthAt loka kI pratyeka vastu apanI-apanI nija sattA rakhatI hai| pratyeka kA astitva svataMtra hai, phira bhI svAmitva evaM upabhoga kI apekSA se yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yaha loka jIva yA AtmA ke lie hai, kyoMki sRSTi kA upabhoktA cetana tattva jIva hI hai| jar3a tattva meM bhoktA bhAva kA abhAva hai| ataH jIva ko loka kA svAmI kahA gayA hai| kintu jahA~ taka sRSTi ke racanA ghaTako kA prazna hai, pArzva yaha mAnate haiM ki yaha sRSTi jIva aura ajIva arthAt jar3a aura cetana ubhaya se nirmita hai| puna: lokabhAva kI carcA karate hue yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yaha sRSTi anAdi aura anidhana hote hue bhI pAriNAmika hai| sRSTi kI pAriNAmika nityatA kI yaha avadhAraNA jaina paraMparA meM pArzva ke kAla se lekara Adhunika yuga taka svIkRta rahI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM hama pUrva meM bhI carcA kara cuke haiN| jainoM kA yaha dRSTikoNa sRSTi kI yathArthatA ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha usakI parivartanazIlatA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai| parivartanoM meManusyUta nitya tattva kI svIkRti jainoM kI apanI viziSTatA hai, jo prastuta vRtti meM bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai| jagata kI yaha parivartanazIlAta jIva aura pudgala meM kisase saMbaMdhita hai yaha prazna bhI sRSTi ke svarUpa meM mahattvapUrNa hai / jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM sAMkhya AtmA ko aparivartazIla mAnatA hai28 aura prakRti ko parivartanazIla mAnatA hai, jabaki sAmAnya rUpa se jaina dArzanika aura vizeSa 28. "" bhAratIya darzana" datta evaM caTarjI, sAMkhya darzana pR. 169

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana rUpa se pArzva jI va aura pudgala donoM ko hI gatizIla yA parivartanazIla mAnate haiM29 ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki isa gatizIlatA yA parivartanazIlatA ke bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se cAra AyAma hai arthAt parivartana bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva cAroM meM hI ghaTita hotA hai| loka ke sAtha-sAtha loka kI isa parivartanazIlatA ko bhI anAdi anidhana mAnA gayA hai arthAt yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki loka kI yaha parivartanazIlatA kI prakriyA kaba se hai aura kaba taka rhegii| parivartana kI prakriyA anAdikAla se ghaTita ho rahI hai aura ananta kAla taka ghaTita hotI rhegii| punaH jIva aura pudgala donoM kI gatizIlatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI pArzva ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA hai ki yahA~ jIva yA cetana tattva svabhAvataH UrdhvagAmI hotA hai vahA~ pudgala yA jar3atattva svabhAvataH adhogAmI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jahA~ jIva vikAsonmukha hai, vahA~ pudgala yA jar3a meM vikAsonmukhatA kA abhAva hai| isIlie jainoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki AtmA para karma kA AvaraNa jitanA ghanIbhUta hotA hai utanA hI AtmA kA vikAsa avarUddha ho jAtA hai| pArzva yaha bhI spaSTa karate hai ki pudgala kI jo parivartanazIlatA hai vaha usake svabhAva meM hI anusyUta hai kintu jIva meM jo vikAra aura parivartana ghaTita hote haiM ve mukhyatayA jIva yA AtmA ke karma-saMkalpa ke pariNAma svarUpa hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jar3a tattva kI parivartanazIlatA svataH prasUta hai, cetana ttava kI parivartanazIlatA svataH prasUta na hokara vaha jar3a tattva athavA karma ke nimitta se hotI hai| jIva meM jo bhI parivartana ghaTita hote haiM, unakA nimitta kAraNa to pudgala kA pariNAma hI hai|30 vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jIva meM do prakAra ke parivartana ghaTita hote haiM-(1) anubhUtigata yA jJAnagata aura (2) sNklpgt| baddha jIvoM yA saMsArI jIvoM meM ye donoM hI prakAra ke parivartana hote haiM, jabaki muktAtmA meM kevala jJAnagata parivartana hote haiM, kintu unakA nimitta bhI paudagalika parivartana hI hai isa prakAra pArzva jIva yA AtmA meM parivartanazIlatA ko svIkAra karake bhI, use svataH parivartanazIla nahIM mAnate, usameM ghaTita parivartanoM kA dAyitva bhI pudgala meM ghaTita parivartana ko hI mAnate haiN| ___anta meM pArzva yaha kahate haiM ki jo isa parivartanazIla jagata ke prapana ko dekhe hue bhI usameM anAsakta rahatA hai, vaha saMsAra kA arthAt bhavabhramaNa kA nAza kara 29. vahI, pR. 165, 66, 76 30. (a) uddhagAmI jIvA ahegAmI pogglaa| (ba) kammappabhavA jIvA, pariNAmappabhavA pogglaa| -'isibhAsiyAI' 31/9(a), pR. 134 -vahI, 31/9 (ba) pR. 134

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84 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI detA hai aura bhavabhramaNajanya vedanA kA bhI nAza kara detA hai aura punaH isa saMsAra meM nahIM phaMsatA hai|31 sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM zrI giri kA dRSTikoNa ___ 'RSibhASita' ke 37veM zrI giri nAmaka adhyayana zrIgiri ke sRSTi saMbaMdhI vicAroM kA pratipAdana nimnarUpa se huA hai zrIgiri kahate haiM ki sabase pahale jala thaa| usame aNDA santapta huA arthAt aNDA phuulaa| usase yaha loka utpanna huA aura svasita huA arthAt cetana sRSTi utpanna huI-yaha kucha logoM kI mAnyatA hai| kintu zrI giri isa mAnyatA se sahamata nahIM hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki yaha jagata varuNa arthAt jala devatA kA vidhAna nahIM hai arthAt usase nirmita nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, zrIgiri sRSTi ke jala se utpanna hone athavA varuNa ke dvArA sRSTa hone ke siddhAMta se sahamata nahIM hai| ve usa siddhAMta se bhI sahamata nahIM hai, jo yaha mAnatA hai ki yaha vizva 'mAyA' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, zrI giri na to yaha sRSTi ko kisI deva vizeSa dvArA sRSTa huI aisA mAnate haiM aura na ve ise mAyA se utpanna nahIM mAnate haiN| vastutaH ve sRSTi ke kAla vizeSa meM sRSTa hone ke siddhAnta ko nahIM mAnate haiN| vizva kabhI nahIM thA, aisA bhI nahIM hai| kabhI nahIM hai aisA bhI nahIM hai aura yaha kabhI nahIM rahegA, aisA bhI nahIM hai arthAt yaha vizva anAdi se hai aura ananta kAla taka rhegaa| isa prakAra ve sRSTi ke kAla vizeSa meM nirmita hone ke siddhAMta kA khaNDana karate haiN| phira bhI isa adhyAya meM hameM pArzva nAmaka adhyAya ke samAna yaha carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai ki isa jagata ke mUlatattva kyA hai? jagata ke mUlatattva aura usake svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM isa adhyAya se hameM kucha bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM utkalavAdiyoM ke vicAra (a) sRSTi kA bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa RSibhASita ke 20veM utkalavAdI nAmaka adhyayana meM bhautikavAdiyoM ke sRSTi saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko nimna rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai-- ___ 'utkalavAdI' nAmaka RSibhASita ke 20veM adhyAya meM yadyapi spaSTarUpa se sRSTi ke utpatti aura vinAza kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kintu isameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki-'paMcabhUtoM' kA skandha honA hI saMsAra hai aura inakA pRthaka-pRthak ho jAnA hI saMsAra paraMparA kA uccheda hai arthAt paMcamahAbhUtoM ke samudAya (skandha) se sRSTi yA 31. NiTiThatakaraNijje sante saMsAramaggA mar3AI NiyaNThe NirUddhapavaMce vocchiNNasaMsAre vocchiNNasaMsAravedaNijje ___ pahINasaMsAre pahINasaMsAravaiyaNijje No puNaravi iccabhaM hvvmaagcchti| -'isibhAsiyAI' 31/3 gadyabhAga (i) pR. 135

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana vizeSa rUpa se citta sRSTi utpanna hotI hai aura una mahAbhUtoM ke pRthak ho jAne para sRSTi kA vinAza ho jAtA haiN| isa prakAra isa utkalavAdI nAmaka adhyAya meM sRSTi ke mUlatattva ke rUpa meM pAMca mahAbhUtoM kI sattA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura unheM hI sRSTi kA mUlabhUta ghaTaka mAnA gayA hai| (ba) uparyukta bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa ke atirikta isa adhyAya meM sRSTi ke mUlatattvoM ke saMbaMdha meM hameM eka zUnyavAdI dRSTikoNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "samasta utpanna hone vAlI sattAe~ tathya ( Real) nahIM hai, arthAt yathArtha nahIM hai| na to ve utpatti ke pUrva hotI hai aura na vinAza ke bAda hI unakA koI astitva rahatA hai| vizva meM aisI koI bhI sattA nahIM hai, jo nitya yA zAzvata ho| yaha vicAradhArA jagata ko eka prakriyA ke rUpa meM to avazya dekhatI hai, kintu jagata ke mUla meM kisI nitya zAzvata sattA kA astitva svIkAra nahIM karatI hai / isa siddhAMta ke anusAra saMsAra eka ghaTanA hai, usake pIche koI bhI mUlabhUta nitya tattva nahIM hai| saMbhavataH yaha bauddha tattvamImAMsA kA prAcInatama rUpa rahA ho, jisake AdhAra para usakA vikAsa huA ho| " 85 RSibhASita meM vividha RSiyoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hone se usameM vividha prakAra kI tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI hai| ataH RSibhASita ko kisI eka hI dArzanika paraMparA yA siddhAMta kA pratipAdaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se usameM jo dArzanika siddhAMta upalabdha hai, unheM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai- 9. bhautikavAda RSibhASita ke 20 veM adhyAya meM hameM bhautikavAda kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| usameM saMsAra ko pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA samUha kahA gayA hai aura yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki ina pAMca mahAbhUtoM ke samudAya se hI jIva kI utpatti hotI hai| zarIra se pRthak jIva yA AtmA nahIM hai, ataH zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para saMsAra arthAt janma maraNa kI paraMparA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai, yadyapi ye sabhI vicAra cArvAkoM ke bhautikavAda kAhI pUrva rUpa hai| kintu isa bhautikavAda kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha ina paMca mahAbhUtoM ke skandha aura unase utpanna zarIra ke naSTa hone para yaha saMsAra, paraMparA, bhavagati yA saMsAra santati ke viccheda kA nirdeza karatA hai arthAt isameM bhI saMsAra cakra se mukti ko hI carama Adarza mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi yahA~ bhautikavAda kA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai kintu vaha bhautikavAda saMsAra ke prati mamatva ke unmUlana ke lie hai| usameM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki deha ke vinAza ke sAtha hI saMsAra paraMparA kA anta ho

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86 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI jAtA hai arthAt mukti ho jAtI hai| ataH RSibhASita kA yaha bhautikavAda, vaha bhautikavAda hai, jo bhega kA samarthaka na hokara ke tyAga yA nivRtti mArga kA samarthaka hai| kyoMki aMta meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki puNya-pApa kA agrahaNa hone se sukha-duHkha kI saMbhAvanA kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai, pApa karmoM kA abhAva hone se zarIra ke nAza hone para punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura isa prakAra vyakti siddha, buddha evaM virata-pApa hokara isa saMsAra meM punaH nahIM AtA hai|49 2. jIva-zarIravAda __RSibhASita ke 20 veM adhyAya meM bhautikavAda ke sAtha-sAtha dehAtmavAda kA bhI pratipAdana milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki Upara se lekara caramatala aura nIce se mastiSka ke kezAgra taka isa AtmA ke hI paryAya hai, samasta zarIra kI tvacAparyanta jIva hai| isI zarIra meM yaha jIva jIvana jItA hai| isa prakAra zarIra hI jIvana hai, jisa prakAra bIja ke jala jAne para phira aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI, vaise hI zarIra ke jala jAne para punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai|51 jIva ko puNya-pApa sparza bhI nahIM karate haiM52 isa prakAra yahA~ dehAtmavAda kA pratipAdana huA hai, kintu isake sAtha-sAtha isameM jaina paraMparA meM vikasita zarIra parimANa AtmA kI avadhAraNA kA bhI pUrva rUpa hameM mila jAtA hai| yadyapi yahA~ para paraloka, aura zubhAzubha karmo ke phala vipAka kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura usake sAtha hI sAtha pretyabhAva (punarjanma) kA bhI niSedhA kiyA gayA hai kintu phira bhI isa dehAtmavAda ke AdhAra para bhogavAdI jIvana daSTi kA samarthana yahA~ nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, saMbhavataH dehAtmavAda ke pratipAdana kA Azaya bhI yahI thA ki vyakti vairAgya kI dizA meM Age bddh'e| isa prakAra RSibhASita kA bhautikavAda aura dehAtmavAda nivRtti mArgI paraMparA kA hI pauSaka haiM bhogavAda kA nhiiN| santativAda santativAda bauddha darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai| jo dArzanika sat kI vyAkhyA parivartanazIla tattva ke rUpa meM karate haiM, unake anusAra kisI bhI nitya aura 49. evAmeva daDDhe sarIre tamhA puNNapAva'ggahaNa suhadukkhasaMbhavAbhAvA sarIradAhe pAvakammAbhAvA sarIraM DahettA No puNo sarIruppatI bhvti| -'isibhAsiyAI'.....20/gadyabhAga pR. 76 50. uDDhaM pAyatalA ahe kesaggamatthakA esa AyApa tayaparitante esa jiive| esa maDe, No etaM taM -vahI, 20/gadyabhAga pR76 51. se jahA NAmate daDDhesu bIesu, Na puNo aMkuruppattI bhavati, evAmeva daDDhe sarIreNa puNo sarIruppattI bhvti| -vahI, 20/gadyabhAga 52. Nasthi sukkaDadukkaDANaM kammANaM phlvittivisese| -vahI, 20/gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 87 nirvikAra sattA kA astitva hI nahIM hai| kiMtu yadi sat parivartazIla hai, to vaha trikAla meM eka rUpa meM nahIM ho sakatA aura jo trikAla meM eka rUpa nahIM hai, use sat kahalAne kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| jo dArzanika ekAnta rUpa se parivartanazIlatA ke. samarthaka haiM ve yaha mAnate haiM ki koI bhI vastu nitya nahIM hai, apitu vaha apane sattA kAla meM nayI vastu ko janma dekara samApta ho jAtI hai| punaH vaha utpanna vastu eka nayI vastu ko janma dekara samApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra se kevala saMtati pravAha banA rahatA hai| ataH ye vicAraka kisI nitya vastu ko na mAnakara saMtati ke AdhAra para hI jagata kI parivartanazIlatA kI vyAkhyA karate haiM jisa prakAra se saMtAna paraMparA se koI vaMza calatA rahatA hai usI prakAra saMtAna paraMparA se yaha jagata bhI calatA rahatA hai| vastutaH koI nitya tattva nahIM hai, eka paryAya dUsarI paryAya ko janma dekara vinAza ko prApta hotI rahatI hai| isa prakAra se utpatti aura vinAza kA krama calatA rahatA hai| jIvana aura jagata ke saMdarbha meM isa utpatti aura vinAza ke krama ko svIkAra karanA hI saMtativAda hai| bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM bauddha paraMparA meM isa saMtativAda kI sthApanA huI hai| jahA~ taka RSibhASita kA prazna hai usameM saMtativAda kI carcA vajjiyaputta nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM, mahAkAzyapa nAmaka naveM adhyAya meM, tathA sAriputta nAmaka ar3atIsaveM adhyAya meM huI hai| mahAkAzyapa nAmaka naveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvakRta puNya aura pApa hI saMsAra saMtati kA mUla hai|53 jisa prakAra bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja kI paraMparA calatI hai, usI prakAra saMsAra meM saMtati pravAha calatA hai| jisa prakAra aNDe aura bIja kI vividhatA ke AdhAra para vibhinna prakAra ke pakSI aura dhAnya utpanna hote haiM usI prakAra se dehadhAriyoM ke vividha karmoM se nAnA prakAra ke varNa aura saMtAnoM kI utpatti hotI hai54 jisa prakAra tela aura battI ke samApta hone para dIpaka kI saMtati yA lo paraMparA samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra AdAna aura baMdha kA abhAva hone para bhava saMtati samApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra saMtati kA banA rahanA saMsAra hai aura saMtati kA samApta ho jAnA nirvANa hai| jisakI citta saMtati samApta ho jAtI hai, vaha nirvANa ko prApta jAtA hai| dhyAna dene yogya tathya yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM saMtativAda ke jo saMketa sUtra upasthita hai, ve mukhyatayA karma saMtati kI hI carcA karate haiN| karma saMtati se unakA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka karma se dUsarA karma aura dUsare se tIsarA isa prakAra karma paraMparA 53. saMsArasaMtaImUlaM, puNNaM pAvaM purekddN| puNNa pAva nirohAya, sammaM sNprivve|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 9/5 54. jahA aMDe jahA bIe, tahA kamma sriirinn| saMtANe ceva bhoge ya, naannaavnnnnttmcchiiN| -vahI, 9/9 55. Nehavattikkhae dIvo, jahA cayati sNtti| AyANabaMdharohammi, taha'ppA bhvsNtii| -vahI, 922

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88 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI calatI rahatI hai| kiMtu tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se saMtativAda vaha siddhAMta hai, jo kisI nitya tattva ko svIkAra na kareM samasta jagata ko eka prakriyA ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| saMtativAda ke anusAra jagata eka prakriyA hai| cit aura acit sabhI vastutaH eka prakriyA mAtra hai ataH AtmA aura padArtha kI bhI prakriyA se bhinna koI sattA nahIM hai| saMtativAda jagata kI vyAkhyA eka kArya kAraNa vyavasthA ke rUpa meM karatA hai| kArya kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA kA satata rUpa se calate rahanA yahI saMsAra hai aura usI zRMkhalA kA samApta ho jAnA yahI nirvANa hai| RSibhASita apanI saMtativAda kI vivecanA meM mukhyarUpa se to karma saMtati kI carcA karatA hai, kintu karma saMtativAda bhI aMtatogatvA to isI tattvamImAMsIya niSkarSa para pahu~catA hai ki samasta saMsAra eka prakriyA yA pravAha hai| vastutaH saMtativAda nirapekSa anityavAvAda ke saMdarbha meM jagat ko vyAkhyAyita karane kI eka zailI hai| jaba hama parivartazIlAta ko hI sat kA ekamAtra lakSaNa mAna late haiM to hameM yaha mAnane ke lie vivaza honA par3atA hai ki yaha saMsAra parivartanazIla prapaMcoM ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai| saMsAra anaMta dhArAoM kA eka pravAha hai aura pratyeka dhArA saMtati pravAha ke rUpa meM hI pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| saMsAra meM na to aisA kucha hai jo nitya ho aura na aisA kucha hI hai jo akAraNa ho| kArya kAraNa kI eka zrRMkhalA hotI hai, jisameM pratyeka kAraNa kAryarUpa meM aura pratyeka kArya kAraNa rUpa meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai| kArya kAraNa kI isa zrRMkhalA ko hI hama saMtativAda kaha sakate haiN| ise hI bauddha-paraMparA meM pratItyasamutpAda bhI kahA gayA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se kSaNikavAda, kArya-kAraNavAda, pratItya-samutpAda-ye sabhI saMtativAda kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa hai| pratItyasamutpAda aura saMtativAda hI Age calakara zUnyavAda kA rUpa le letA hai| zUnyavAda zUnyavAda bauddha darzana kA eka vikasita siddhAMta hai| zUnyavAda meM kisI bhI nirapekSa tattva kI sattA nahIM mAnI gaI hai, isa siddhAMta ke anusAra samagra astitva sApekSika hai aura koI bhI aisI sattA nahIM hai, jo trikAla meM aparivartita nitya aura zAzvata hoN| RSibhASita meM isa prakAra ke zUnyavAda kA hameM koI bhI nirdeza prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki dArzanika zUnyavAda eka paravartI vikasita siddhAMta hai aura RSibhASita jaise prAcIna graMtha meM usakI upasthiti saMbhava bhI nahIM hai| phira bhI zUnyavAda kI avadhAraNA kA mUla bIja hameM RSibhASita ke bIsaveM utkalavAdI nAmaka adhyAya meM mila jAtA hai| yahA~ pAMca prakAra ke utkalavAdI ullekhita hai- (1) daNDotkala, (2) rajjotkala, (3) stenotkala, (4) dezotkala aura (5) srvotkl|56 isameM 56. paMca ukkalA paNNatA taMjahA: daNDakkale? rajjukkale 2. teNukkale, 3. desukkale, 4. savvukkale 5 __ -isibhAsiyAI, 20/gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 89 rajjUtkalavAdiyoM kA prazna hai, ve AtmA-akartAvAdI sAMkhyoM kI avadhAraNA ko hI prastuta karate haiM, kintu sarvotkalavAda hameM zUnyavAda kA hI hameM pUrvarUpa lagatA hai| usameM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki sarvotkala kise kahate haiM, usake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki "sarvotkalavAda use kahate haiM, jo yaha mAnatA hai ki samasta padArtha, jo utpanna hote haiM ve tattva nahIM hai|" sarvathA saba prakAra se sarvakAloM meM unakA astitva nahIM hai| sabhI uccheda svabhAva vAle haiN|57 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki koI bhI nitya zAzvata aura sarvakAlika tattva kI sattA nhiiN| vastutaH yaha sarvocchedavAda arthAt samasta padArthoM ko uccheda svabhAva vAlA mAnanA nirapekSa-anityatAvAda aura usake hI dArzanika rUpa zUnyavAda kA pUrvarUpa hai| yaha satya hai ki bauddhoM kA jo kSaNikavAda hai, usI se zUnyavAda kA vikAsa huA hai aura bauddhoM ke isa kSaNikavAda ke mUla meM bhI ucchedavAda kA tattva samAyA huA hai| yadyapi svayaM buddha apane ko ucchedavAdI nahIM kahate the-unakA kSaNikavAda aura kisI nitya sattA kI asvIkRti unheM ucchedavAdiyoM ke nikaTa to baiThA hI detI hai| RSibhASita isI ucchedavAdI zUnyavAda kA vivecana sarvotkalavAda ke rUpa meM karatA hai| skandhavAda yadyapi bauddha paraMparA meM jisa skandhavAda kA vivecana hameM upalabdha hotA hai vaha mukhyarUpa se cetanatattva yA vyakti kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM haiN| usameM vyaktitva ko paMcaskandhoM kA samUha batAyA gayA hai| ve paMcaskandha nimna hai|58 1- rUpa 2- vedanA 3- saMjJA 4- saMskAra 5- vijJAna (cetanA) RSibhASita meM isa prakAra ke skandhavAda kA vivecana to hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai kintu usameM hameM rajjotklavAda kI carcA karate hae yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra rajjU taMtuoM kA samudAya mAtra hai usI prakAra yaha jIva paMcamahAbhUtoM kA skandha mAtra hai|59" isa paMcamahAbhUta rUpa skandha kA vinAza hone para saMsAra paraMparA kA 57. se kiM taM savvukkale? savvukkale NANaM je NaM savvato savvasaMbhavA bhAvA No taccaM, savvato savvahA savvakAlaM ca Natthi" ti savvacchedaM vdti| se taM svvukkle| -'isibhAsiyAI' 20/5 58. "bhAratIya darzana" datta evaM caTarjI, pR. 10 59. se kiM taM rajjukkale? rajjukkale NAma je NaM rajjudiTThanteNaM samudayameta paNNavaNAe paMcamahabbhUtakhandhamattA bhidhANAI saMsArasaMsativoccheyaM vdti| se taM rjjukkle| -'isibhAsiyAI 202 gadyabhAga

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90 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM pratipAdita skandhavAda bauddhoM ke vikasita skandhavAda kI apekSA cArvAkoM ke paMcamahAbhUta rUpa zarIra se jIva kI utpatti ke siddhAMta ke nikaTa hai, phira bhI ise bauddha paraMparA ke skandhavAda kA eka pUrva rUpa to kahA hI jA sakatA hai| Atma-akartAvAda __ RSibhASita meM anya jisa dArzanika siddhAnta kA ullekha hameM milatA hai vaha Atma akartAvAda kA siddhAnta hai| RSibhASita meM ise dezotkalavAda ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "jo AtmA ke astitva ko mAnakara bhI use akartA kahate haiM ve AtmA ke ekadeza arthAt usake kartRttva guNa kA uccheda mAnate haiN|60 vastutaH yaha siddhAnta sAMkhyoM aura vaidAntiyoM kA hI pUrvarUpa pratIta hotA hai| RSibhASitakAra ise dezocchedavAda (AMzika ucchedavAda) isalie kahatA hai ki isa mAnyatA ko grahaNa karane para baMdhana aura mukti ko svIkAra karanA saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| yadi AtmA akartA hai to phira baMdhana, mokSa, puNya-pApa Adi naitika avadhAraNAe~ artha rahita ho jAtI hai| dharma aura bhakti kA upadeza bhI koI artha nahIM rakhatA, saMbhavataH isI kAraNa RSibhASitakAra ne unheM dezocchedavAdI kahA hai| paMcAstikAyavAda RSibhASita meM jaina paraMparA kA yadi koI dArzanika siddhAMta hameM upalabdha hotA hai to vaha paMcAstikAyavAda kA siddhAnta hai| RSibhASita meM paMcAstikAyavAda kA siddhAMta pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki pArzva jaina paraMparA meM mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiN| paMcAstikAyavAda jaina tattvamImAsA kA pramukha siddhAMta hai| RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyAya me isa siddhAMta kA pratipAdana hai| kahA gayA hai ki "yaha loka paMcAstikAyoM se banA huA hai aura ye paMcAstikAya kabhI bhI nAza ko prApta nahIM hote, isalie yaha loka bhI nAza ko prApta nahIM hotA hai|"61 yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki paMcAstikAya kA siddhAMta paMca mahAbhUtoM ke siddhAMta se pRthak hai| ye paMcAstikAya nimna mAne gae haiM 1. dharmAstikAya 2. ardhAstikAya 60. se kiM taM "desukkale"? desukkale NAma je NaM "asthi nnesaM" iti siddhe jIvassa akattAdiehiM gAhehiM desucchedaM vdti| se taM desukkle| -'isibhAsiyAI 20/4 gadyabhAga 61. se jahANAmate paMca asthi kAyA Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA evAmeva loke viNa kayAti NAsI jAva nnicce| -vahI, 31/gadyabhAga pR. 138

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 91 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. jIvAstikAya 5. pudgalastikAya inheM astikAya isalie kahA jAtA hai ki ye prasAra guNa se yukta hai| jise pAramparika zabdAvalI meM bahupradezatva honA kahA gayA hai| yadyapi paMcAstikAyoM meM kevala pudgala ko mUrta mAnA gayA hai, zeSa cAroM amUrta hai| phira bhI yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ve prasAra guNa yukta haiM kyoMki yadi jIva ko vistAravAna nahIM mAnA jAyegA to vaha zarIra ko vyApta karake nahIM raha skegaa| jahA~ taka dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA prazna hai inheM kramazaH gati aura sthiti ke sahAyaka dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi dharmastikAya aura adharmastikAya ko loka meM vistAra yukta nahIM mAnA jAyegA, to jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti saMbhava nahIM hogii| ye donoM dravya lokavyApI mAne gae haiN| kyoMki jIva aura pudgala bhI lokavyApI hI hai| yadi ye dharma aura adharma loka kA atikramaNa karake aloka meM vyApta hote to loka kI vyavasthA hI chinna-bhinna ho jaatii| AkAza sabhI dravyoM ko sthAna dene vAlA mAnA gayA hai, isalie usakA vistAra bhI Avazyaka hai| yadi AkAza vistAra guNa yukta nahIM hogA to vaha jIva pudgala Adi ko koI sthAna nahIM de skegaa| AkAzAstikAya kA vistAra kSetra loka aura aloka donoM mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki loka bhI AkAza meM rahA huA hai isalie AkAza loka ke aMdara aura loka ke bAhara bhI prasAra yukta hai|. isa prakAra se ye pA~coM tattva prasAra guNa yukta mAne gae haiM aura ye prasAra guNa se yukta hone ke kAraNa hI inheM astikAya kahA jAtA hai| RSibhASita mAtra paMcAstikAya kA nirdeza karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki ve nitya haiM aura unakI nityatA hI loka kI nityatA kA AdhAra hai| isase adhika vaha inake saMbaMdha meM koI vistRta carcA nahIM krtaa| kintu paravartI jaina sAhitya meM hameM inake saMbaMdha meM vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| phira bhI hamAre adhyayana kA viSaya RSibhASita taka sImita hone ke kAraNa hama inake saMbaMdha meM adhika vistAra meM jAnA Avazyaka nahIM samajhate haiN| phira bhI itanA satya hai ki jaina darzana meM yaha siddhAMta spaSTatayA upasthita hai| graMthakAra ne paMcAstikAyoM ko avinAzI aura nitya kahA hai aura yaha mAnA hai ki inake avinAzI aura nitya hone ke kAraNa yaha loka bhI avinAzI aura nitya hai|62 yadi loka ke ghaTaka arthAt paMcAstikAya nitya hai to svAbhAvika rUpa se unase nirmita yaha vizva bhI nitya hogaa| phira bhI hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki inakI nityatA kA tAtparya kUTastha nityatA nahIM hai-pariNAmI nityatA hai kyoMki kUTastha nityatA meM mAnane 62. loeNakataI NAsI katAiNa bhavati Na katAi Na bhvissti| -'isibhAsiyAI' 31/gadyabhAga pR. 138

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92 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI para unheM saSTi prakriyA se nahIM jor3A jA skegaa| jainoM ne isIlie inheM pariNAmI nitya mAnA thaa| yadyapi ina pAMca astikAyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala donoM ke gatizIla hone kI carcA RSibhASita meM kI gaI hai|63 dharma, adharma aura AkAza kI gatizIlatA kI koI carcA RSibhASita meM nahIM hai| vastutaH dharma, adharma aura AkAza se sRSTi prakriyA ke niSkriya tattva hI haiN| ye mAtra sRSTi meM niSkriya rUpa se hI sahAyaka hote haiM, jabaki pudgala aura jIva sakriya rUpa se sRSTi prakriyA ke bhAgIdAra hote haiN| dharma, adharma aura AkAza meM jainoM ne jo pariNamana mAnA hai vaha jIva aura pudgala kI gatizIlatA ke kAraNa hI mAnA hai| _ yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki RSibhASita meM jIva ko UrdhvagativAlA aura pudgala ko adhogativAlA batAyA haiN|64 jIva jisa sImA taka pudagala se Abaddha hotA hai usa sImA taka vaha adhogAmI banatA hai, aura jisa sImA taka vaha pudgala kI gati kA preraka hotA hai, use UrdhvagAmI banAtA hai| ataH jIva meM jo adhogAmI gati hai vaha pudgala ke kAraNa hai aura pudgala meM jo UrdhvagAmI gati hai, vaha jIva ke kAraNa hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza jo parivartanazIlatA dekhI jAtI hai vaha pudgala aura jIva kI gati aura sthiti ke kAraNa hotI hai| jIva aura pudgala kI isa gati aura sthiti ke kAraNa kramazaH dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne ina paMcAstikAyoM para apane svataMtra lekha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai|5 kintu vaha samasta carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| prastuta vivecanA meM itanA batAnA hI apekSita hai ki RSibhASita ke pArzva nAma adhyayana meM paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA prastuta hai| RSibhASita meM varNita gati kA siddhAnta RSibhASita ke ikatIsaveM pArzva nAmaka adhyAya meM gati ke siddhAnta kI carcA karate hue sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jIva aura pudgala ye do tattva gatizIla hai| punaH gati ke prakAroM ko spaSTa karate hue punaH yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha gati do prakAra kI hotI hai-- 1. prayoga gati aura 2. vinasA gti|6 yahA~ hameM prayoga gati aura vinasA gati kA artha samajha lenA cAhiye-vastu meM jo svAbhAvika rUpa se gati hotI hai, vaha vinasA gati kahalAtI hai| jabaki anya ke nimitta se jo gati hotI hai vaha prayoga gati kahalAtI hai| RSibhASita meM pArzva ne 63.. jIvA ceva gamaNa pariNatA poggalA ceva gmnnprinntaa| -vahI, 31/6 gadyabhAga 64. uDDhaMgAmI jIvA, adhogAmI pogglaa| -'isibhAsiyAI' 31/9 gadyabhAga 65. astikAya kI avadhAraNA, dArzanika traimAsika, varSa aMka 66. duvidhA gatI- payogagatI ya visasA gatI yA -'isibhAsiyAI 31/6

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana yaha mAnA hai ki jIva aura pudgala donoM hI na kevala gati yukta hai, apitu unase donoM hI prakAra kI arthAt prayogagati aura vinasA gati pAI jAtI hai| pudgala jIva kI prayoga gati kA kAraNa hotA hai aura jIva pudgala kI prayoga gati kA kAraNa hotA hai| prayoga gati kA tAtparya kisI anya se prerita hokara gati karanA hai, na ki svabhAvika rUpa se| jo svAbhAvika gati hotI hai, vaha vinasA gati kahalAtI haiN| jabaki anya ke nimitta se jo gati hotI hai vaha prayoga gati kahalAtI hai| RSibhASita meM pArzva ne yaha mAnA hai ki jIva aura pudgala donoM hI na kevala gati yukta hai, apitu unase donoM hI prakAra kI arthAt prayoga gati aura vinasA gati pAI jAtI hai| pudgala jIva kI prayoga gati kA kAraNa hotA hai aura jIva pudgala kI prayoga gati kA kAraNa hotA hai| prayoga gati kA tAtparya kisI anya se prerita hokara gati karanA hai na ki svabhAvika rUpa se| yadi hama gaharAI se vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki isa vyAkhyA ke mAdhyama se pArzva ne sRSTi kI gatizIlatA ke nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa kI carcA bhI kara dI hai| punaH gati yA parivartanazIlatA ke isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jIvoM kI gati karmaprasUta hotI hai aura pudgaloM kI gati pariNAma prasUta hotI hai| isa gati kI prakriyA ko pArzva ne anAdi aura anaMta kahA hai|68 punaH gati ke prakAroM kI carcA karate hue RSibhASita meM cAra prakAra kI gatiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai9 - 1. dravya gati 2. kSetra gati 3. kAla gati aura 4. bhAva gati vastu tattva meM jo bhI parivartana ghaTita hotA hai use dravya gati kahate haiN| vastu tattva jaba koI sthAna parivartana karatA hai, taba vaha gati kSetragati kahI jAtI hai| kSetragati dravya kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para sthAnAMtarita hone kA nAma hai| kAlagati kA tAtparya samaya saMbaMdhI parivartana hai| bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna saMbaMdhI jo kAlika parivartana hai, ve kAlagati kahe jAte haiN| 67. kammappabhavA jIvA, pariNAmappabhavA pogglaa| ___-'isibhAsiyAI' 31/9 gadyabhAga 68. aNAdIe aNidhaNe gtibhaave| -'isibhAsiyAI'31/8 69. jIvANaM puggalANaM ceva gati davvatogati, khetaogati, kAlao gatI, bhAvao gatI -vahI,31/7

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI jahA~ taka bhAva gati kA prazna hai, vastu kA svataH hone vAlA paryAya parivartana bhAva gati hai| jIva ke saMdarbha meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki hamAre manobhAvoM aura vRttiyoM meM jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha bhAva gati kahalAtI hai| punaH isI adhyAya meM audayika aura pAriNAmika gati kI carcA huI hai / 7deg aura use gati bhAva kahA gayA hai| pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa jo vibhinna avasthAe~ hotI hai, vai audayika gati kahI jAtI hai, jabaki vastu ke svAbhAvika parivartanazIlatA nAmaka guNa ke dvArA jo parivartana ghaTita hote haiM, ve pariNAmika gati bhAva kahalAte haiM / 71 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke anusAra gatizIlatA svAbhAvika bhI hotI hai aura anya nimittoM se bhI hotI hai| paMcAstikAyoM meM jIva aura pudgala donoM meM svAbhAvika aura naimittika donoM prakAra kI gatizIlatA pAyI jAtI hai| jabaki dharma, adharma aura AkAza meM naimittika gati pAyI jAtI hai| naimittika gati kI unameM saMbhAvanA hone ke kAraNa hI dharma, adharma aura AkAza ko pariNAmI kahA gayA hai; kyoMki cAhe vastutattva meM parivartana svataH ho yA parataH, jahA~ bhI parivartana ghaTita hotA hai use parivartanazIla mAnanA hI hogaa| 94 (4) -0 70. udaiya pariNAmie gatibhAve / 71. kammaM pappa phala vivAko jIvANaM pariNAmaM pappa phalavivAko poggalANa / - isi bhAsiyAI, 31/8 -vahI, 31/9 gadyabhAga (sa)

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 95 caturtha adhyAya RSibhASita meM varNita karma siddhAMta karma siddhAntaH naitikatA kI pUrvamAnyatA karma siddhAMta naitikatA kI eka pUrvamAnyatA hai| ataH naititA ke prati AsthA ke banAyeM rakhane ke lie sabhI bhAratIya cintakoM ne prakArAntara se karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| bhArata ke zramaNa aura vaidika sabhI darzana karma siddhAMta ko svIkAra karake calate haiN| yadyapi yaha eka alaga prazna hai ki ve karma ke svarUpa ko caitasika mAnate haiM yA use jar3a-pudgala ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM athavA ve karma meM svayaM phala pradAna karane kI zakti ko svIkAra karate haiM athavA yaha mAnate haiM ki karma ke anusAra phala pradAna karane kA kArya Izvara kA hai| karma svataH phalapradAtA jahA~ taka bhAratIya zramaNa paraMparAoM kA prazna hai ve sabhI karma meM svayaM phala dene kI sAmarthya ko svIkAra karatI haiM aura karma ne phala pradAna kA dAyitva Izvara para nahIM DAlatI hai| jina zramaNa paraMparAoM ne sAdhanA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM Izvara ko svIkAra bhI kiyA unhoMne bhI karma phala pradAna karane kA dAyitva Izvara para nahIM ddaalaa| isa saMdarbha meM yaha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai ki vaidika darzanoM meM mImAMsA darzana bhI karma meM svataH phala pradAna karane kI zakti ko svIkAra karatA hai| jahA~ taka RSibhASita kA prazna hai vaha mukhyatayA zramaNa paraMparA ke isI dRSTikoNa kA anugamana karatA hai ki karma apanI zubhAzubha prakRti ke anusAra svataH hI zubhAzubha phala pradAna karate haiN| RSibhASita ke dUsare vajjiyaputta nAmaka adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bhayabhIta vyakti svabhAvataH bhAgatA hai usI prakAra jIva karma kA anugamana karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa prakAra bhaya ke sAtha palAyana kI pravRtti jur3I huI hai usI prakAra jIvoM kI zubhAzubhA pravRtti unake pUrva karmoM kA anugamana karatI hai| isI 1. jammaM jarA ya maccU ya, soko maanno'vmaannnnaa| aNNANamUlaM jIvANaM, saMsArassa ya sNttii|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 21/5

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96 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI adhyAya meM Age yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki karma se yukta vyakti hI apane svakRta karmoM ke AdhAra para janma maraNa karatA rahatA hai| karma paraMparA kI anAditA punaH karma kI yaha zRMkhalA kisa prakAra calatI rahatI hai isa prazna ko lekara RSibhASita meM paryApta gaharAI se ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura utpanna hotA hai aura aMkura se punaH bIja banatA hai usI prakAra bIja bhUtapUrva karma saMskAra navIna karmoM ko janma dete hai aura ve navIna karma punaH karma saMskAra ke rUpa meM pariNita hokara bhaviSya meM karma pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa banate haiN| jisa prakAra bIja aura aMkura kI yaha prakriyA satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai usI prakAra karma kI yaha prakriyA bhI satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| purAne karma saMskAra apane phala vipAka ke rUpa meM navIna-navIna zubhAzubha karma pravRttiyoM ko janma dete haiM aura ve zubhAzubha karma pravRttiyA~ karma saMskAra kA rUpa lekara punaH bhAvI karma pravRttiyoM kI kAraNa banatI hai| vastuta: karma aura unake phala vipAka kI yaha satata prakriyA hI saMsAra kA kAraNa hotI hai| RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki anAdi saMsAra meM karma hI bIja ke samAna hai aura una karma bIjoM se mohagrasta citta vAle prANiyoM kI karma saMtati arthAt karma paraMparA satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yaha karma paraMparA yadi satata rUpa se calatI hI rahatI hai to phira vyakti saMsAra se parinirvANa ko kaise prApta ho sakatA hai? yadi pUrva kAla ke karma saMskAra aparihArya rUpa se navIna karmoM ko janma dete haiM aura ve navIna karma punaH karma saMskAra ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara bhAvI zubhAzubha karmoM kA kAraNa banate rahate hai, to aisI sthiti meM yaha karma prakriyA yA karma saMtati samApta nahIM ho sktii| RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM isa prazna ko uThAyA gayA hai| vizeSa rUpa se dUsare adhyAya kI chaThI gAthA meM, terahaveM adhyAya kI cauthI gAthA meM, paMdrahaveM adhyAya kI sAtavIM gAthA meM aura paccIsaveM adhyAya kI pahalI gAthA meM isa samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mUla (jar3a) kA siMcana karane se phala utpanna hotA hai kintu mUla ko naSTa kara dene -'isibhAsiyAI' 2/1 1. jassa bhItA palAyanti, jiivaakmmaannugaaminno| tamevA''dAya gacchanti, kiccA dinnaM va vaahinnii|| 2 gacchati kammehi se'NabaDhe paNaravi AyAti se syNkddenn| jammaNa-maraNAI aTe, puNaravi AyAi se skmmsitte|| 3. bIyA aMkuraNipphattI, aMkurAto puNo biiy| bIe saMbujjhamaNammi, aMkurasseva sNpdaa|| 4. bIyabhUtANi kammANi, saMsArammi annaadie| mohamohitacittassa, tatto kampANaM sNtti|| -vahI, 2/3 -vahI, 2/4 -isibhAsiyAI 2/5

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 97 para phala bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / " vastutaH phala kA abhilASI hI mUla ko siMcatA hai, kintu jise phala kI AkAMkSA nahIM hai vaha mUla ko nahIM sIMcatA hai|" isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba taka phalAkAMkSA banI rahatI hai tabataka karma aura unake vipAka kI yaha paraMparA satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| kintu jaba karma se phalAkAMkSA nikala jAtI hai to ve karma niSphala hokara karma paraMparA ko Age bar3hAne meM asamartha ho jAte haiM, jisa prakAra jar3a kA chedana kara dene se vRkSa aura usase utpanna hone vAlI bIja aura aMkuroM kI paraMparA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra karma kI mUla phalAkAMkSA ko samApta kara dene para karma prakriyA bhI svataH samApta ho jAtI hai| RSibhASita meM isa phalAkAMkSA ke kAraNa bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra meM sabhI prANiyoM ke anirvANa kA kAraNa moha hai samasta duHkha aura janma-maraNa kI samasta prakriyA mohamUlaka hai| " vastutaH moha yA ajJAna ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva phalAkAMkSA se karma karatA hai aura ve phalAkAMkSA se kiye gaye karma hI usake saMsAra paribhramaNa parva duHkha kA kAraNa banate haiM, ataH sAdhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki " vaha karma ko arthAt karma kI phalAkAMkSA ko samUla rUpa se naSTa kara deN| "" karma phala- vipAkaH svakRta yA parakRta vyakti svakRta karmoM ke phala yA vipAka ko prApta karatA hai athavA parakRta karma ke phala ke vipAka ko prApta karatA hai yaha prazna karma siddhAnta ke saMdarbha meM ati mahattvapUrNa hai| RSibhASita ke dUsare vajjiyaputta nAmaka adhyayana meM tathA ikkIsaveM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM isa prazna para vicAra kiyA gayA haiN| usameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva punaH punaH zubhAzubha karmoM ko karake una svakRta zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala ko bhoktA hai kintu parakRta arthAta dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye gaye karma ke phala ko nahIM bhogatA hai|" isI prakAra dUsare vajjiyaputta nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai, ki vyakti svakRta karma yA karmoM se anubaddha evaM pratibaddha hokara calatA hai / svakRta karmoM ke dvArA hI puna: isa saMsAra meM AtA hai| svakRta karmoM se siMcita janma aura mRtyu Adi ke duHkhoM ko punaH punaH prApta karatA hai aura saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai|" isa 5. 6. 7. 2. 9. mUlaseke phaluppattI, mUlAghAte hataM phalaM / phalatthI siMcatI mUlaM, phalaghAtI Na siMcatI / / 'isibhAsiyAI' 2/6 mohamUlamaNivvANaM, saMsAre savvadehiNaM / mohamUlANi dukkhANi, mohamUlaM ca jammaNaM / duHkhamUlaM ca saMsAre, aNNANeNa smjjitN| migAri vva saruppattI, haNe kammANi mUlato / / kaSpaM paSpa phalavivAko jIvANaM, pariNAmaM pappa phalavitA ko poggalANa | 10. gacchanti kahiM ....... se sakammasitte / - 'isibhAsiyAI' 2/6 -vahI, 2/7 - vahI, 2/8 -vahI, 31/9 gadyabhAga (sa) - vahI, 2/3

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98 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita spaSTarUpa se isa mAnyatA ko sthApita karatA hai ki vyakti svakRta zubhAzubha karmoM ke hI phala ko prApta karatA hai| __RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM bhI spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jIva AtmakRta karmoM kA hI bhoga karatA hai| parakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoga nahIM karatA hai|"11 jaina Agama bhagavatI sUtra meM prANI kina karmoM ke phala kA bhoga karatA hai isa saMdarbha meM eka tribhaMgI prastuta kI gaI hai|12 1-jIva svakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoga karatA hai 2-jIva parakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoga karatA hai| 3-jIva svakRta aura parakRta donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM kA bhoga karatA hai| uparyukta tInoM vikalpoM meM se jahA~ RSibhASita evaM jaina darzana mAtra prathama vikalpa ko svIkAra karatA hai|13 vahIM zUnyavAdI bauddha darzana uparyukta tInoM vikalpoM meM se apane anAtmavAdI aura kSaNikavAdI dRSTikoNa ko AdhAra para caturtha vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki paravartI jaina darzana meM bhI RSibhASita meM varNita pArzva ke isa dRSTikoNa kA hI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai ki jIva svakRta karma ke zubhAzubha phala ko bhogatA hai, parakRta karma ke phala ko nahIM bhogatA hai| jabaki bauddha darzana svakRta azubha aura sva-parakRta zubha phala ko bhogatA hai, aisA mAnA gayA hai| jahA~ taka hiMdU paraMparA kA prazna hai usameM sva-parakRta zubhAzubha karma kA bhoga mAnatA hai| karmaphala saMvibhAga isI prazna se jur3A huA eka prazna karmaphala ke saMvibhAga se saMbaMdhita bhI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM hameM bhAratIya dharma evaM darzanoM meM tIna prakAra ke dRSTikoNa milate haiM-ina tInoM dRSTikoNoM kA vistRta vivecana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane graMtha "jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra dazanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" meM kiyA hai, unake anusAra "jahA~ hiMdU paraMparA meM vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA prabhAva apanI saMtAna athavA apane parijanoM para bhI par3atA hai yaha mAnA gayA hai| sAtha hI hindU dharma spaSTarUpa se yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki saMtAna ke apavitra karma jahA~ pitaroM ko svarga se bhI girA 11. kammaM pappa phalavivAko jIvANaM, pariNAmaM pappa phalavivAko pogglaann| -'isibhAsiyAI', 31/9 gadyabhAga (sa) 12. sA bhate kiM attakaDA kajjai? parakaDA kajjai? tadubhatha kaDAkajjai goymaa| attakaDAkajjai, no parakaDAkajjai, mo tadubhayakaDA kjj| -bhagavaI prathama zataka SaSThauddezaka 179 13. attakaDA jIvA No parakaDA kiccA vedenti| --'isibhAsiyAi' 31/9 (gadyabhAga 'i') 14. saMyuttanikAya 12/17-uddhRta Agama yuga kA jaina darzana (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR.48

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99 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana dete haiM vahIM unake zubha karma pitaroM kA uddhAra bhI kara dete haiN| isa prakAra hindU dharma ke anusAra vyakti ke zubhAzubha karma pUrvajoM aura saMtAnoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, kisI vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala kA saMvibhAga ho sakatA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM lokamAnya tilaka ne apane suprasiddha graMtha meM bhI carcA kI haiN| isake viparIta DaoN. jaina ke anusAra bauddha dharma yaha kahatA hai ki vyakti apane zubha karmoM meM dUsaroM ko bhAgIdAra banA sakatA haiM kintu azubha karmoM meM dUsarA vyakti bhAgIdAra nahIM bana sktaa| hama apane puNyoM kA phala dUsaroM ko de sakate haiM, kintu apane pApa ke phala meM dUsaroM ko bhAgIdAra nahIM banA skte| dUsare zabdoM meM, bauddha dharma ke anusAra puNya kA saMvibhAga ho sakatA hai| pApa kA saMvibhAga nahIM ho sktaa|'5 tIsarA dRSTikoNa jaina dharma kA hai jisake anusAra vyakti apane zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM ke pratiphala meM anya kisI ko bhAgIdAra nahIM banA sakatA hai| na to puNya kA hI saMvibhAga ho sakatA hai aura na pApa kaa| jo jaisA karma karatA hai, use apane karma kA zubhAzubha phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki karmaphala vibhAga ke prazna para jainoM kA dRSTikoNa RSibhASita meM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM varNita isa siddhAMta kA hI vikAsa hai ki jIva svakRta karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala ko bhogatA hai parakRta karma ko nhiiN|6 RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki AtmA svayaM hI karmoM kA kartA hai aura svayaM hI usake karmoM ko phala kA bhoga karatA hai| isalie jo AtmA ke kalyANa kA icchuka hai, vaha pApa karmoM se vimukha ho| karma ke zubhatva evaM azubhatva kA AdhAra RSibhASita meM pApa-puNya athavA zubha-azubha ke rUpa meM karmoM ko vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sukRta evaM duSkRta aura kalyANakara evaM pApakara ke rUpa meM bhI karmoM kA vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai|8 sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM ko hI kramazaH kalyANakArI karma aura pApakArI karma athavA zubha karma aura azubha karma kahA jAtA hai| inheM hama puNya karma aura pApa karma bhI kaha sakate hai| -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 317 -'isibhAsiyAI' 31/9 'sa' -'isibhAsiyAI' 15/21 15. "jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" 16. kamma pappa phalavivAko......! AtA-kaDANa kammANaM, AtA bhaMjati jaM phlN| tamhA Atassa aTThAe, pAvamAdAya vjje| sakaDaM dukkaDaM vA vi, appaNo yAvi jaannti| Na ya NaM aNNo vijANAti, sukkaDaM va dukkaDaM NaraM kallANakAriM pi, pAvakAri ti baahiraa| pAvakAriM pite buyA, sIlamaMto ti baahiraa| -vahI 4/13, 14

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100 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI karma ke zubhAzubhattva kA AdhAra saMkalpa RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki pUrva rAtri aura apara rAtri meM saMkalpoM ke dvArA jo aneka acche yA bure kArya kiye jAte haiM ve kartA kA anugamana karate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti apane zubhAzubha saMkalpoM ke dvArA jo acche yA bure karma karatA hai, ve karma una saMkalpoM ke AdhAra para apanA acchA aura burA phala pradAna karate haiN| isa prakAra isa gAthA meM RSibhASitakAra yaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki karma kI zubhAzubhatA usake saMkalpa para nirbhara hotI hai| karma ke do pakSa mAne gaye haiM-(1) karma kA saMkalpa aura karma kI pariNati, RSibhASita ke aMgirasa nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki karma ke do pakSa mAne gaye haiM-(1) karma kA saMkalpa aura karma kI pariNati RSibhASita ke aMgirasa nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki karma ke zubhAzubha hone kA AdhAra karma kA bAhya rUpa meM ghaTita honA nahIM, apitu karttA kA saMkalpa hotA hai| karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA nirNaya karma ke pariNAmoM ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu kartA ke saMkalpa ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAnA caahiye| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki eka DaoNkTara kisI rogI ko bacAne ke lie Aparezana karatA hai, yaha ho sakatA hai ki usa Aparezana ke daurAna rogI kI mRtyu ho jAe, phira bhI DaoNkTara pApa kA baMdha na karake puNya kA hI baMdha karegA kyoMki usakA saMkalpa mArane kA na hokara bacAne kA thaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya ke prasaMga meM karma pariNAma para vicAra na karake kartA ke saMkalpa ko hI pramukhatA detA hai| pAzcAtya nItizAstra meM karma kI zubhAzubhatA ke saMdarbha meM usake preraka aura usake abhiprAya ko lekara eka vivAda dekhA jAtA haiN| RSibhASita meM isa saMdarbha meM jisa karma saMkalpa ko naitika mUlya kA AdhAra banAyA gayA haiM vaha apane meM karma ke prerakatattva aura kartA ke abhiprAya donoM ko hI samAhita kara letA hai| kyoMki saMkalpa meM prerakatattva aura abhiprAya donoM nihita hai, itanA spaSTa hai ki RSibhASitakAra kI dRSTi meM karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA mUlyAMkana karma ke bAhya ghaTita pariNAma ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu kartA ke saMkalpa ke AdhAra para honA caahiye|22 19. puvvarattAvarattammi saMkappeNa bahuM kddN| sukaDaM dukkaDaM vA vi, kttaarmnnugcchi|| -isibhAsiyAI, 4/12 20. bhuMjittuccAvae bhoe, saMkappe kaDamANa se| AdANarakkhI purise, paraM kiMci Na jaannti|| -vahI,4/8 21. dekheM-jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana -(DaoN. sAgara mala jaina), bhAga 1, pR. 82-94 22. bhuMjituccAvae. . . . . . .Na jaannti| -'isibhAsiyAI' 4/8

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 101 karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie hameM aneka prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM, kacha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki ve karma hI zubha kahe jA sakate hai, jo vyakti ke Atma kalyANa meM sAdhaka hai, kintu isake viparIta kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki ve karma zubha mAne jAne cAhiye jinase loka kalyANa yA loka maMgala hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA jo karma svArthavaza kiye jAte haiM ve anaitika yA pApakarma kahalAte haiM aura jo parArtha hetu kiye jAte haiM, ve puNya karma kahalAte haiN| Age hama isa prazna para svataMtra rUpa se carcA kreNge| RSibhASita meM kisI karma ke sukRta yA duSkRta hone ke nirNaya kA AdhAra AtmA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| unameM kahA gayA hai ki "vyakti svayaM" hI apane sukRta yA duSkRta karma ko jAnatA hai, kintu anya vyakti kisI dUsare ke acche yA bure karma ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai| kyoMki bAharI loga to kalyANakArI ko pApakArI aura pApakArI ko kalyANakArI kaha dete haiN|23 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki puNya aura pApa kA AdhAra vyakti kI aMtarAtmA hI hai| karma kA bAhya rUpa usakA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA, bAhya janoM ke dvArA kisI karma kI niMdA aura prazaMsA koI artha nahIM rakhatI hai| usI meM kahA gayA hai ki "ulUka jisakI prazaMsA kareM aura kauve jisakI niMdA kareM, vaha niMdA aura prazaMsA donoM hI vAyu jAla kI taraha nirarthaka hotI hai|4 Age aura bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kisI anya vyakti ke kahane se koI cora nahIM bana jAtA aura kisI dUsare ke kahane se koI muni bhI nahIM bana jaataa| vaha muni hai yA cora hai yaha to svayaM vahIM jAnatA hai|5 isa prakAra RSibhASita meM karma kA zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra vyakti kI apanI aMtarAtmA ko mAnA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kArya kA puNya rUpa athavA pAparUpa honA isa bAta para nirbhara nahIM karatA hai ki vaha karma kisa rUpa meM saMpAdita huA hai| apitu isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki usa karma kA prerakatattva yA saMkalpa kyA thA? pAzcAtyadarzana kI dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM puNya aura pApa kI kasauTI vyakti kI aMtarAtmA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| punaH kaunasA karma vyakti ke lie baMdhana kAraka hotA hai aura kauna sA karma use mukti kI dizA meM le jAtA hai, yaha prazna bhI karma siddhAnta kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| RSibhASita ke 14veM bAhuka nAmaka adhyayana meM isa saMbaMdha meM bahuta hI spaSTa dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo kAmanA sahita pravrajita 23. -'isibhAsiyAI', 4/12, 13 24. jaMulakA pasaMsanti, jaMvA Nindanti vaaysaa| NindA vA sA pasaMsA vA, vAyu jAle vva gcchti|| 25. Na'NNassa vayaNA'core, Na'NNassa vynnaa'munnii| appaM appA viyANAti, je vA uttmnnaanninno|| -vahI, 4/19 -vahI, 4/16

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102 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hotA hai aura kAmanA sahita tapa karatA hai vaha kAmanA sahita mRtyu ko prApta hokara narka ko prApta karatA haiN|26 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo sakAma bhAva se vrata tapAdi bhI karatA hai vaha mukti kA adhikArI nahIM bana paataa| mukti kA adhikArI to vahI hotA hai jo niSkAma bhAva se pravrajita hotA hai aura niSkAma bhAva se tapa karatA hai| aMta meM vaha apanI usa niSkAmatA ke kAraNa siddhi yA mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita ke anusAra kAmanAyukta karma baMdhana kAraka hai aura niSkAma karma mukti kA mArga hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM varNita bAhuka kA yaha dRSTikoNa prakArAntara se gItA ke anAsakti yoga kA hI vivecana karatA hai| zubhAzubha kA atikramaNa yadyapi RSibhASita kamoM kA zubha aura azubha ke rUpa meM vargIkaraNa karatA hai, kintu RSibhASita meM varNita sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya to zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM kA atikramaNa karanA hai| RSibhASita ke mahAkAzyapa nAmaka naveM adhyAya meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki pUrvakRta puNya-pApa hI saMsAra paraMparA ke mala haiN| puNya aura pApa kA nirodha karane ke lie hI sAdhaka samyak prakAra se pravrajita ho|7 isa gAthA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki RSibhASita puNya aura pApa donoM ko hI baMdhana mAnatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki svakRta puNya aura pApa se hI prANI saMsAra paraMparA ko prApta hotA hai aura isalie use saMvara aura nirjarA ke mAdhyama se puNya aura pApa kA vinAza karanA caahiye|28 hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki bhAratIya RSiyoM kA ciMtana mukhyatayA adhyAtmaparaka rahA hai aura isalie ve sAmAnyatayA puNya aura pApa donoM ke atikramaNa kI bAta karate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM sAMsArika baMdhana ke lie pApa ke samAna puNya bhI baMdhana kA hI kAma karatA hai| jaina paraMparA meM AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM puNya 26. sakAmae pavvaie, sakAmae carate tavaM sakAmae kAlagate Narage patte, sakAmae carate tavaM, sakAmae kAlabhate siddhiM patte sakAmae,..... -'isibhAsiyAI', 14/8 gadyabhAga 27. saMsArasaMtaImUlaM, puNNaM pAvaM purekddN| puNNa pAvanirohAya, samma sprivve|| -vahI, 9/5 28. puNNapAvassa AyANe, paribhoge yAvi dehinnN| saMtaIbhogapAuggaM, puruNaM pAvaM mayaM kddN| saMvaro jijjarA ceva, puNNapAva vinnaasnn| saMvaraM nijjaraM ceva, savvahA smmmaayre|| -isibhAsiyAi,9/6,7

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 103 aura pApa ko kramazaH sone aura lohe kI ber3I kahA hai|9 pApa lohe kI ber3I hai, to puNya sone kI bedd'ii| kintu ber3I cAhe sone kI ho yA lohe kI vaha bAMdhane kA kAma to karatI hai| puNya aura pApa kA atikramaNa jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika tInoM hI paraMparA meM svIkRta rahA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki lohe kI apekSA sone kI ber3I ko baMdhana kI vastu na mAnakara alaMkaraNa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha kevala vyAvahArika dRSTi se puNya (zubha) kI mUlyavattA vyAvahArika dRSTi se to hameM pApa kI apekSA puNya kI mUlyavattA ko bhI svIkAra karanA hogaa| yaha ThIka hai ki puNya aura pApa athavA zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke karma baMdhana ke kAraNa hai, kintu pApa kI apekSA puNya kI mUlyavattA bahuta adhika hai, ise hameM nahIM bhUlanA caahiye| yadi puNya aura pApa donoM kA atikramaNa bhI karanA ho to bhI pahale pApa se chuTakArA pAne ke lie puNya ko apanAnA hogA aura aMta meM puNya kA bhI atikramaNa karake zuddha kI ora jAnA hogaa| zuddha kI yAtrA ke lie pahale zubha kA sahArA lekara azubha ko samApta kiyA jAtA hai aura phira zubha kA bhI parityAga karake zuddha ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra kapar3e para lage hue mala ko dUra karane ke lie sAbuna kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai kintu sAbuna bhI kapar3e ke lie jo eka prakAra kA mala hI hotA hai, ataH kapar3e ko usakI zuddha avasthA meM lAne ke lie usase sAbuna ko bhI alaga karanA hotA hai| isI prakAra AtmA kI zuddha avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie pahale puNya karma kA zubha karma ke mAdhyama se azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra honA hotA hai, usake pazcAt phira bhI zubha pravRttiyoM kA parityAga karake zubha avasthA ko pAyA jAtA hai| ataH RSibhASita meM jo zubhAzubha ke atikramaNa kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha vastutaH samagra bhAratIya AdhyAtmika dRSTi kI paricAyaka hai| zubha aura azubha kA kSetra naitikatA kA kSetra hai| nIti se dharma ke kSetra meM praveza karane ke lie zubha aura azubha kA atikramaNa Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai aura RSibhASita usI tathya ko sampuSTa karatA haiN| RSibhASita ke 'sAriputta' nAmaka 38 veM adhyAya meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai, ki jisa hetu ko lekara cikitsA kI jAtI hai, vahA~ na duHkha hai aura na sukha hai, kintu cikitsA meM saMlagna rogI ko duHkha aura sukha ho sakatA hai| usI prakAra moha kA kSaya karane meM pravRtta vyakti ko duHkha - 29. sovaNNiyaM piNiyalaM baMdhadi, kAlAya sa pi jaha purisI baMdhadi evaM jIvaM, suhamasuhaM vA kadaM kmm|| -'samayasAra' puNyapApAdhikAra/146 30. dekheM-jaina. bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga 1, pR. 341

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104 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI aura sukha ho sakate haiN| kintu jisa hetu arthAt nirvANa ke lie moha kA kSaya karatA hai yahA~ na to sukha hai aura na duHkha hai| vastutaH RSibhASita meM varNita sAdhanA kA lakSya usa avasthA ko prApta karatA hai jo zubha aura azubha donoM kA hI atikramaNa kara detI karmabaMdhana ke kAraNa karma kA baMdhana kyoM hotA hai isa prazna ko lekara RSibhASita meM do prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote hai| sAmAnya rUpa se carcA karate hue yaha mAnA gayA hai ki rAgAtmakatA hI yA Asakti hI baMdhana kA kAraNa hai kintu vizeSa rUpa se carcA karate hue RSibhASita meM karma AdAna ke nimna pAMca kAraNa batAye gae haiM 1-mithyAtva, 2-anivRtti (avRtti), 3-pramAda, 4-kaSAya aura 5-yog| RSibhASita meM baMdhana ke ina pAMca kAraNoM kA vivecana bauddha paraMparA ke RSi mahAkAzyapa ke upadeza ke rUpa meM saMkalita hai| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paraMparA meM bhI sAmAnyatayA yahI baMdhana ke pAMca kAraNa mAne jAte rahe haiN|33 yadyapi hama ina pAMcoM kA vistRta vivecana to nahIM karanA cAheMge, kintu saMkSepa meM yahA~ inakI carcA karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| . 1. mithyAtva RSibhASita meM mithyAtva kA tAtparya sAmAnyatayA avidyA yA mithyA dRSTikoNa rahA haiN| jIvana aura jagata ke saMdarbha meM yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA abhAva yA galata dRSTikoNa hI mithyAtva hai| 2. anivRtti vyakti meM jo Atma niyaMtraNa yA saMyama kI sAmarthya hai, usakA abhAva hI anivRtti hai| azubha kAryoM kA yA azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra nahIM honA, yahI avirati kA lkssnn| 31. Na dukkhaM Na suhaM vA vi, jahA hetu tigicchti| tigicchie sujuttassa, dukkhaM vA jati vA suh| mohakkhae va juttassa, dukkhaM vA jai vA suh| mohakkhae jahA-heU na dukkhaM na vi vA suh|| -isibhAsiyAI, 38/89 32. micchattaM aniyattI ya, pamAo yAvi nneghaa| kasAyA ceva jogA ya. kammAdANassa kaarnn|| -vahI, 9/8 33-mithyAdarzanA viratipramAdakaSAyayogA bndhhetvH| -tattvArthasUtra 8/1

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 3. pramAda hai| RSibhASita ke uparyukta adhyayana meM pramAda ko aneka prakAra kA batAyA gayA / sAmAnyatayA pramAda zabda kA artha sajagatA kA abhAva yA Alasya hotA hai| jaina paraMparA meM krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko bhI pramAda meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unakI upasthiti meM AtmA kA viveka sAmArthya kuNThita ho jAtI hai| AtmA cetana kA supta honA hI pramAda hai| 4. kaSAya kaSAya vastutaH dUSita AvegoM kI sUcaka hai| krodha, mAna (ahaMkAra), mAyA aura lobha ina cAra ko jaina paraMparA meM kaSAya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| 5. yoga 105 mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko jaina paraMparA meM yoga kahA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM bhI yoga kA yahI tAtparya hai / hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki RSibhASita aura prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM yoga ko baMdhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi haribhadrAdi paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne mukti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM bhI vivecita kiyA hai, kintu yaha artha apekSAkRta paravartI hai| RSibhASita meM baMdhanoM ke kAraNoM kI carcA karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa - vikalpoM ke kAraNa jo puruSArtha kI niSpatti hotI hai vahI karma kA dvAra hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki saMkalpa pUrvaka jo vibhinna prakAra ke karma kiye jAte haiM, ve hI vyakti ke lie baMdhana kA kAraNa hote haiM / 34 aSTavidha karma graMthi RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM karma kI carcA ke prasaMga meM aSTavidha karma graMthi kA ullekha huA hai / 15 yadyapi mUla graMtha meM ye aSTavidha karma graMthiyA~ kauna sI hai isakA koI vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kintu paravartI jaina karma sAhitya ke adhyayana se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ye aSTavidha karma graMthiyA~ kauna sI rahI hoNgii| jaina karma sAhitya meM ATha prakAra ke karma mAne gae haiM - jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma gotra aura aMtarAya krm| ho sakatA hai 34. nivvattI vIriyaM ceva, saMkappe ya anneghaa| nANA vaNNaviyakkassa, dArameyaM hi kampuNo / / 35. jassaTThAe biheti, samucchijjissati aTThA samucciTThissati... 36. 'karmagraMtha', bhAga 2, pR. 121 - 'isibhAsiyAI', 9/10 - vahI, 31/9 gadyabhAga (i) -uttarAdhyayana-33/2, 3

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106 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI ki RSibhASita meM aSTavidha karma graMthI se inhIM karma ke aSTa prakAroM kA saMketa rahA hogaa| jaina darzana meM karma siddhAMta kA apanA eka viziSTa mahattva hai| karma siddhAMta kA jo gahana vivecana jaina paraMparA meM upalabdha hotA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki jaina karma siddhAnta kI aneka avadhAraNAe~ RSibhASita ke 17veM mahAkAzyapa nAmaka adhyayana meM, terahaveM 'bhayAlI' nAmaka adhyayana meM, paMdrahaveM 'madhurAyaNa' nAmaka adhyayana meM, ikkatIsaveM 'pArzva' nAmaka adhyayana meM, aura ar3atIsaveM 'sAriputta' nAmaka adhyayana meM karma siddhAnta kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, usameM jaina karma siddhAnta meM sannihita sabhI pramukha tattva upasthita pAye jAte haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki inhIM avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para Age jaina karma siddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hogaa| jaina vidvAnoM kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki tattvamImAMsA aura karma siddhAnata ke saMdarbha meM mahAvIra kI paraMparA pArzva kI paraMparA kI RNI hai / 37 isa kathana meM hameM satyatA pratIta hotI hai| RSibhASita ke uparokta adhyayana ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina karma siddhAnta apane svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM 'mahAkAzyapa', bhayAlI, pArzva Adi kA RNI hai| karma kA svarUpa RSibhASita meM karma 'zabda' kisa artha meM prayukta huA hai, yaha bhI vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA Avazyaka hai| RSibhASita ke mahAkAzyapa nAmaka adhyayana meM karma ke AdAna kA ullekha huA / isase aisA lagatA hai ki RSibhASita karma ko mAtra caitasika sthiti yA saMskAra na mAnakara use koI bAhya bhautika tattva ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra karatA hai| RSibhASita karma ke Asrava, saMvara aura nirjarA kI carcA bhI karatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki RSibhASita kI karma saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA jaina paraMparA kI karma saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA ke samAna hai yA usakA hI pUrva rUpa hai| RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki " karma ke Agamana ko rokakara prazasta mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAlA pUrvArjita karmoM kA nirjarA kara nizcayapUrvaka dukhoM kA kSaya kara detA hai|" jisa prakAra tela aura battI ke kSaya ho jAne para dIpaka lo rUpa saMtati kA kSaya karatA hai| usI prakAra AtmA karmAsrava aura baMdha kA nirodha karake bhava paraMparA kA kSaya karatA hai| 39 RSibhASita meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki AtmA satata rUpa se karmoM kA baMdha aura unakI 37. arhat pArzva aura unakI paraMparA -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 28 38. kammAyANe'varuddhAmmi, sammaM maggANusAriNA / puvvAutte ya NijjiNe, khayaM dukkhaM NiyacchatI / 39. Nehavattikkhae dIvo, jahA cayati saMtati / AyANabaMdharohammi, taha'ppA bhavasaMta / - 'isibhAsiyAI', 9/25 -' isibhAsiyAI', 9/22

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 107 nirjarA karatI rahatI hai| kintu aisI nirjarA kA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hotA vizeSa mahattva to tapa ke dvArA kI gaI nirjarA kA hI hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM karma ko AtmA se bhinna eka bAhya tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isI AdhAra para usake Asrava (AdAna) baMdha, saMvara aura nirjarA kI carcA huI hai| upalabdha saMketoM ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita karma ke bhautika aura caitasika donoM svarUpa mAnya rahe haiM, karma ke ye bhautika aura caitasika pakSa hI jaina paraMparA meM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN| karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ jaina karma siddhAnta meM karma kI nimna dasa avasthAoM ko carcA hai| 1-baMdha, 2- saMkramaNa, 3- utkarSaNa 4- apavartana, 5- sattA, 6- udaya, 7udIraNA, 8- upazamana, 9- nidhatti aura 10-nikaacit| RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se to isa prakAra karma kI 10 avasthAoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kintu usameM sopAdAna, nirAdAna, vipAkayukta aura upakramati (anuddhita) karmoM kA ullekha huA hai aura yaha kahA gayA hai ki ye sabhI karma tapa ke dvArA nirjarita hote haiN| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki upakramita, utkarita, baddha, spRSTa, aura niddhata karmoM kA saMkSobha evaM kSaya ho sakatA hai, kintu nikAcita karmoM ko to bhoganA hI hotA hai| isa tathya se do bAteM spaSTa ho jAtI hai, prathama to yaha ki kucha karma aise hote haiM, jinakA phala bhoga Avazyaka nahIM hotA, tapa Adi ke mAdhyama se unheM nirjarita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu kucha karma avazya hI aise hote haiM, unakA bhoga karanA hI hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta meM inheM kramazaH anikAzcita aura nikAzcita karma kahA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI RSibhASita meM baddha, spRSTa aura niddhata karmoM ke hI phala vipAka meM parivartana kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM isa tathya ko isa udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jaise aMjali meM bharA huA jala dhIre-dhIre kSaya ho jAtA haiN| kintu nidAna kRta karma avazya hI udaya meM Ate haiN| 40. saMtataM baMdhae kamma, ninjarei ya saMtatA saMsAragoyaro jIvo. viseso u tvomo|| - 'isibhAsiyAI', 9/13 41. dekheM-sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pR. 254 42. sopAyANA nirAdANA, vipaakeyrsNjuyaa| uvakkameNa tavasA, nijjarA jAyae syaa|| - vahI, 9/12 43. uvakkamo ya ukkero, saMchobho khavaNaM tthaa| baddha puTThanidhattANaM, veyaNA tu nnikaayite|| - vahI, 9/15 44. ukkaDDhaM taM jadhA toyaM, sArijjaMtaM jadhA jlN| saMkhavijjA, NidANe vA, pAvaM kammaM udiirtii|| -isibhAsiyAI, 9/16

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108 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI uparokta carcA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sabhI karmoM kA phala bhoga Avazyaka nahIM hotA, kucha karmoM ko tapa aura sAdhanA ke dvArA unakA phala bhoge binA hI naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita eka samagra karma siddhAnta kA vivecana karatA hai, cAhe usameM ve sUkSmatAe~ na A pAI hoM jo ki paravartI jaina darzana meM hamakoM milatI haiN| kintu itanA avazya hI hama kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita ke 9veM, 31veM Adi adhyAyoM meM karma siddhAnta kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, vaha anya kisI prAcIna graMthoM meM nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| karma aura karmaphala kA saMbaMdha karma aura karmaphala ke saMbaMdha ke prazna para RSibhASita ke 30 veM vAyu nAmaka adhyayana meM, jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai, vaha nimna hai-sarvaprathama jo bhI karma kiye jAte haiM unakA paraloka meM phala to bhoganA hI par3atA hai| jaise vRkSa kI jar3oM kA siMcana karane para usakI zAkhaoM meM phala to dikhAI deNge|5 arthAt karma apanA vipAka yA phala to dete hI haiN| punaH jisa prakAra kA bIja hotA hai usI prakAra kA phala utpanna hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti jaisA karma karatA hai| vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| "kalyANakArI karmoM se kalyANa prApta hotA hai| aura pApakArI karmoM se pApa prApta hotA haiN| hiMsaka kRtyoM ko karane vAlA hiMsA ko prApta hotA haiN| (mArA jAtA hai) aura jaya ko prApta karane vAlA parAjita bhI hotA hai| duHkha dene vAle ko duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| niMdA karane vAlA nindita bhI hotA hai| jo Akroza karatA hai use Akroza ko sahana bhI karanA par3atA hai kyoMki koI bhI karma nirarthaka nahIM hotaa| saMsAra meM kar3ave ko kar3avA, kaThora ko kaThora aura madhura ko madhura phala milatA hai| kalyANakArI karmoM kA pariNAma sadaiva kalyANakArI hI hotA hai| kalyANa kI bAta bolane vAlA kalyANa kI hI pratidhvani sunatA hai aura pApa kI bAta bolane vAlA pApa kI hI pratidhvani sunatA hai arthAt vyakti ko saMsAra meM apane karmoM kI 45. idha jaM kIrate kamma, taM prtovbhujji| mUla sekesu rUkkhesu, phalaM sAhAsu dissti|| -vahI, 30/n 46. kallANAM labhati kallANaM, pAvaM pAvA tu paavti| hiMsaM labhati hantAraM, jaittA ya praajy|| sUdaNaM sUdaittANaM, NindittA vi ya nnindnnN| akkosaittA akkosaM, Natthi kammaM nnirtthk|| maNNanti bhaddakA bhaddakAi, madhuraM madhuraM timaannti| kaDuyaM kaDuyaMbhaNiyaM ti, pharUsaM pharUsaM ti maannti|| -"isibhAsiyAi"30/5,6,7

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 109 hI pratidhvani sunAI detI hai| ata: vyakti kA jaisA zubhAzubha karma hotA hai usakI vaisI hI pratikriyA hotI hai| ataH sAdhaka yaha samajhakara sAdhaka ko azubha karmoM kA AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahiye| yahI RSibhASita ke karma siddhAnta kA sAra tattva hai| karma se mukti karma mala se AtmA kisa prakAra mukta ho sakatA hai isa saMdarbha meM RSibhASita ke 'mahAkAzyapa' nAmaka adhyayana meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki "sAdhaka zAstra ke anusAra samyak AcaraNa kara aura doSoM ke Agamana ko rokakara pUrvArjita vidyA ko niyaMtrita kara karma vyAdhi kA nAza karatA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA haiki karma AdAna kA nirodha karake hI tathA pUrvopArjita karmoM ko nirjIrNa karake hI sAdhaka du:khoM kA kSaya karatA hai| jisa prakAra malIna vastra ko jala dvArA zuddha kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI samyaktva vAsina AtmA dhyAna rUpI jala se apane ko zuddha karatA hai| jaise suhAgI Adi padArthoM se svarNa kI malInatA naSTa ho jAtI hai vaise hI tapa kI mAdhyama se anAdi karma saMtati naSTa ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra jala dhArA ke madhya meM rahI huI naukA anAkula hotI hai vaise hI karma lepa se rahita AtmA bhI anAkula hotI hai|"48 20 47. kallANaM ti bhaNantassa, kallANA epddissuyaa| __ pAvakaM ti bhaNantassa, pAvayA teepddissuyaa|| - isibhAsiyAI,30/8 48. kammAyANe'ruddhammi, sammaM mggaannusaarinnaa| puvvAutte ya NijjiNNe, khayaM dukkhaM nniycchtii|| jahA AtavasaMtataM, vatthaM sunjhai vaarinnaa| sammattasaMjutto appA, tahA jhANeNa sujjhtii|| kaMcaNassa jahA dhAUjogeNaM muccae ml| aNAIe vi saMtANe, tavAo kmmsNk|| -vahI, 925, 28, 29

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110 1. mAnavamana kI jaTilatA RSibhASita yadyapi manovijJAna kA graMtha na hokara naitika aura dhArmika upadezoM kA graMtha hai, phira bhI usameM mAnava prakRti kA sUkSma vivecana hameM upalabdha hotA hai / RSibhASita ke caturtha 'aMgirasa' nAmaka adhyayana meM manuSya kI jo doharI jIvana zailI hai, usake saMbaMdha meM paryApta gaMbhIra rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki " jisake dvArA apanI AtmA ko pahacAnA jA sake aura jisake dvArA pratyakSa aura parokSa meM Acarita zubha yA azubha karmoM ko jAnA jA sake vahI jJAna acala aura zAzvata hai| "" isa kathana kA tAtparya yahI hai ki jo jJAna hameM apanI prakRti ko samajhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vahIM jJAna yathArtha hotA hai| mAnava mana kA vizleSaNa karate hue RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki " dIvAra aura kASTha para citrita citra ko samajhanA sarala hotA haiM / kintu manuSya ke hRdaya ko samajha pAnA ati gahana aura duzakya hai| 2. vyakti kA doharApana 1. jina vyaktiyoM ke manobhAvoM meM, unake AcaraNa meM arthAt unakI vANI aura vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA na ho aise vyakti atyanta jaTila gahana hote haiN| arthAta unako samajha pAnA atyaMta kaThina hotA hai| isI tathya ko Age spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki " jo vyakti sabhA meM arthAt prakaTa rUpa se kucha anya AcaraNa karatA hai aura ekAnta meM kucha anya AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha apane ko pApa karma se nahIM baca sakatA / * 2. 3. paMcama adhyAya RSibhASita meM pratipAdita manovijJAna 4. DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI jeNa jANAmi appANaM, AvI vA jati vA rahe / ajjayAriM aNajjaM vA, taM gANaM alaM dhruvaM // | suyANi bhittie cittaM, kaTaThe vA suNivesitaM / maNussahidayaM puNiNaM, gahaNaM duvviyANakaM / / aNNA sa maNe hoI, aNNaM kuNanti kammuNA / aNNamaNNANi bhAsante, maNussagahaNe huse || aduvA parisAmajjho, aduvA vi rahe kaDaM / tato Nirikkha appANaM, pAvakammA Nirumbhati / / - isibhAsiyAI 4/4 - vahI, 4/5 - isibhAsiyAI 4/6 -vahI, 4/9

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 111 kintu jo sAdhaka apanI AtmA kA nirIkSaNa kara apane pApa karmoM ko roka letA hai| vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3ha jAtA hai / " vastutaH vyakti ke pApa aura puNya ko koI dUsarA vyakti nahIM samajha sakatA hai|' vyakti ke jIvana meM mana, vANI aura AcaraNa meM jo dvaita rakhA huA hai, use vaha khuda hI jAna sakatA hai| RSibhASita meM aMgirasa kahate haiM ki jo svayaM ke supracIrNa karma aura AcAra kA nirIkSaNa karatA hai, vahI AtmA dharma meM supratiSThita hotA hai|" isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo karma AtmasAkSI pUrvaka saMpAdita kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma hI sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / isake viparIta jo apane doSoM ko chipAte haiM aura inheM prakaTa nahIM hone dete, ve cAhe yaha samajhate haiM ki hamAre doSoM ko aura koI nahIM jAnatA, kintu aisA karake ve apanA hI ahita karate haiM aura aise kapaTa vRtti se yukta duSTa hRdaya vAle manuSya ke svabhAva ko jAnakara usake sAtha raha pAnA kisI ke lie saMbhava nahIM hotA hai / " prastuta vivecanA meM hameM do tathyoM kA vizeSa rUpa se bodha hotA hai eka to yaha ki manuSya meM kapaTavRtti pAI jAtI hai aura usake kAraNa usake mana, vANI aura AcAra meM ekarUpatA nahIM hotI, isa ekarUpatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa vyakti kA vyaktitva doharA bana jAtA hai vaha hotA kucha aura hai aura apane ko dikhAnA aura kucha cAhatA hai / yaha vyaktitva kI dvaitA hI Adhunika mAnava kI sabase bar3I trAsadI hai| bAhara se vaha sabhya dikhanA cAhatA hai kintu usake aMdara meM usakA pazutva kulAce mAratA hai| vyaktitva ke dvaita kI samApti kaise ? RSibhASita na kevala manuSya jIvana ke isa doharepana ko spaSTa karatA hai, apitu yaha bhI batAtA hai ki isa doharepana kA nidAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| bAhyAcAra aura manovRtti kA yaha jo doharApana mAnava samAja meM pAyA jAtA hai, use apanI aMtarAtmA kI sAkSI se hI vyakti samajha sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha apane aMtara mAnasa kA draSTA hotA hai| RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmasajagatA hI aika aisA mArga hai jisake dvArA vyakti apane jIvana ke isa doharepana ko samApta kara sakatA hai, kyoMki AtmA Atmaprerita hokara hI zubhatva ko prApta karatA hai / " 5. duSpaciNaM sapehAe, aNAyAraM ca appaNo / 6. 7. 8. 9. aNuvaTThito sadA dhamme, so pacchA pritppti|| sukaDaM dukkaDaM vA vi, appaNo yAvi jANati / Na NaM aNNo vijANAti, sukaDaM Neva dukkaDaM // supapaiNNaM sapehAe, AyAraM ca appaNo / supaTThito sadA dhamme, so pacchA u Na tappati / / saMvasituM sakkA, sIlaM jANittu mANavA / paramaM khalu paDicchannA, mAyAe duTThamANasA / / appaNA ceva appANaM codittA subhmehtii| - isibhAsiyAI, 4 / 10 -vahI 4/13 -vahI 4/11 - isibhAsiyAI, 4/2 -vahI, 4/25

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112 indriyA~ aura unake viSaya RSibhASita zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hai ataH usameM iMdriyoM ke niyaMtraNa para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| yadyapi indriya saMyama aura indriya niyaMtraNa kA pratipAdana RSibhASita meM sthAna-sthAna para huA hai, kintu iMdriyA~ aura unake viSaya ko lekara RSibhASita ke vardhamAna nAmaka adhyayana meM jo pratipAdana meM upalabdha hotA hai vaha manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| jJAtavya hai ki RSibhASita meM vardhamAna ne indriya saMyama ke saMbaMdha meM eka vizeSa darzana prastuta kiyA hai vaha unake upadezoM ke rUpa meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM tathA uttarAdhyayana ke 32veM pramAda nAmaka adhyayana meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| 10 RSibhASita ke anusAra vardhamAna RSi ko jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki sabhI ora se srota baha rahe haiM to una srotoM ke pravAha ko kisa prakAra rokA jA sakatA hai? una srotoM kA nivAraNa kisa prakAra saMbhava hai? isa prazna ke uttara meM ve kahate haiM ki " supta arthAta pramatta muni ke pAMcoM indriyA~ jAgRta rahatI haiM aura jAgRta muni kI pA~coM iMdriyA~ supta rahatI hai / 11 pA~coM indriyoM ke sakriya hone para karma raja AtI hai aura pAMcoM indriyoM ke niSkriya hone para karmaraja kA AnA nirUddha ho jAtA hai| 12 isa prakAra RSibhASita ke anusAra sAdhanA kI dRSTi se pAMcoM indriyoM kI sakriyatA aura niSkriyatA eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai| usameM Age spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki durdamanIya banI huI ye indriyA~ saMsAra kA hetu banatI hai| jabaki samyaka prakAra se niyaMtrita hone para ye hI pAMcoM indriyA~ nirvANa kA bhI kAraNa bana jAtI haiM kyoMki aniyantrita indriyA~ sAdhaka ko balapUrvaka usI prakAra kumArga para le jAtI hai jaise aniyantrita azva sArathI ko rAjamArga se haTAkara bIhar3a patha meM le jAtA haiN| 14 isake viparIta saMyamita indriyA~ usI prakAra sumArga para Age le jAtI hai jaise zikSita azva sArathI ko prazasta mArga para le jAtA hai / 15 10. savanti savvato sotA, kiM Na sotoNivAraNaM? puTThe muNi Aikkhe, kahaM soto pihijjati / 11. paMca jAgarao suttA, paMca suttassa jAgarA | paMcahiM rayamAdiyati, paMcahiM ca rayaM Thae / / 12. isibhAsiyAI, 29/2 13. duddantA iMdiyA paMca, saMsArAya sarIriNaM / te caiva niyamiyA sammaM, NevvANAya bhavanti hi / / 14. duddantehi dieha'ppA, duppahaM hIrae blaa| duddantehiM turaMgehiM, sArahI vA mahApahe / / 15. indiehiM sudantehiM Na saMcarati goyaraM / vidheyehiM turaMgehiM, sArahi vvA va sNje|| DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI - isibhAsiyAI, 29/1 -vahI, 29/2 - vahI, 29 / 13 -vahI, 29/14 -vahI 29/15

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113 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana indriya damana kA tAtparya yahA~ spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita meM indriyoM ke saMyamana para bala diyA gayA hai, kintu iMdriya saMyamana kA artha unheM damita karanA nahIM hai| RSibhASita spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai ki jaba taka indriyA~ hai taba taka unakA apane viSayoM se saMparka hogA hI, ataH indriya niyaMtraNa kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki iMdriyoM ko apane viSayoM se saMparka sthApita karane se roka diyA jaaye| yadi cakSu kA viSaya rUpa hai to cakSu indriya ke niyaMtraNa kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki A~khoM ko baMda karake calA jaaye| RSibhASita spaSTarUpa se kahatA hai ki "netroM ke dvArA manojJa yA amanojJa rUpa ke grahaNa karane para bhI na to suMdaratA ke prati rAga kare aura na asuMdaratA ke prati dveSa kareM jo sAdhaka suMdara para anurakta nahIM hotA hai aura asuMdara se dveSa nahIM karatA hai isa prakAra vaha jAgRta raha kara karmoM ke srota ko roka sakatA hai| kintu sAdhAka ko na to manojJa zabdoM ko sunakara prasanna honA cAhiya aura na amojJa zabdoM ko sunakara pradveSa hI karanA cAhiye, jo sAdhaka manojJa zabdoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA hai aura amanojJa zabdoM para dveSa nahIM karatA hai, vahI apramatta mAdhyastha bhAva meM rahA huA apramatta sAdhaka karma pravAha ko roka sakatA hai|"16 isI prakAra kA nirdeza nAsikA, rasanA aura sparzendriya ke saMdarbha meM bhI kahA gayA hai| uparokta kathana kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki RSibhASita ke varddhamAna RSi kI dRSTi meM indriya nirodha kA tAtparya indriyoM ko unake viSaya se asampRkta rakhanA nahIM hai| vastutaH A~kha hai, to rUpa dikhegA hI, kAna hai, to zabda sunAI deMge hI, jihvA hai to svAda AyegA hI, nAsikA hai to gandha kI anubhUti hogI hii| manuSya ke lie yaha asaMbhava hai ki vaha apanI iMdriyoM kA unake viSaya se saMbaMdha hI na hone de| RSibhASita meM vardhamAna RSi hameM jo upadeza dete haiM unakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki hama indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se pUrNatayA vimukha kara deM, apitu usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki indriyoM ke apane viSayoM se saMparka hone para jo manojJa yA amanojJa anubhUti kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai usameM rAgadveSa kI pravRtti na kI jaay| jaba taka A~kha hai to hame use khulI to rakhanA hogA aura A~kha ke khulI rahane para yaha asaMbhava hai ki suMdara yA asuMdara rUpa na dikhAI de| RSibhASita ke anusAra sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA mahattva isI meM hai ki ina manojJa aura amanojJa anubhUtiyoM kI sthiti meM vaha manojJa ke prati rAga aura amanojJa ke prati dveSa na kreN| indriya saMyama kA artha indriyoM kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha 16. maNuNNammi arajjante, aduDhe iyarammi yA asutte avirodhINaM, eva soe phijjti|| 17. dekheM-vahI, 29/5-11 -isibhA 29/4

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114 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI nahIM hai, apitu indriyoM ke pravRtti ke pariNAma svarUpa jo anukUla aura pratikUla saMvedana hote haiM, usameM rAgadveSa nahIM karanA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita indriya nirodha ke saMdarbha meM eka bahuta hI samyak aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi pradAna karatA hai vaha indriyoM ke aMdha damana kI bAta nahIM karatA, apitu unake dvArA hone vAlI anukUla aura pratikUla anubhUtiyoM meM apanI cittavRtti ko sama yA taTastha banAe rakhane kI bAta karatA hai| ve loga jo indriya saMyama kA artha indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se vimukha kara denA mAnate haiM, ve bhrAnti meM hai| indriya saMyama kA artha haiM indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI anukUla aura pratikUla anubhUtiyoM meM mAdhyastha vRtti| RSibhASita kA indriya saMyama kA yaha artha na kevala jaina paraMparA meM apitu bauddha aura gItA kI paraMparA meM bhI mAnya rahA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindU paraMparAoM ke dRSTikoNoM kI vistRta carcA DaoN sAgaramala jaina ne apane graMtha jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM kI hai| hamane yahA~ mAtra RSibhASita ke saMdarbha meM hI isa prazna ko vivecita kiyA hai| sukha-dukha prANIya anubhUti ke keMdra sukha aura duHkha prANI kI anubhUtigata avasthAe~ hai, jo viSaya vyakti ke zarIra aura indriyoM ko anukUla lagate haiM, unake saMvedana se vyakti sukha kA anubhava karatA hai, isake viparIta jo viSaya vyakti ke zarIra aura indriyoM ke pratikUla hote haiM, unake saMvedana se vyakti duHkha kI anubhUti karatA haiN| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sukha aura du:kha anubhUtigata tathya haiN| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sukha aura duHkha anubhUtigata tathya haiN| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sukha aura duHkha apane viSayoM para AdhArita hote haiM, kintu sukha-dukha kA yaha ekamAtra AdhAra nahIM hai| sukha aura duHkha kevala vastugata tathya nahIM hai, apitu ve manovaijJAnika tathya bhI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sukha aura du:kha kI anubhUti AtmaniSTha bhI hotI hai| indriyagata athavA zarIragata samAna anubhUtiyoM ke hone para bhI yadi vyakti kI manogata bhUmikAe~ bhinna bhinna ho to, una samAna viSayoM kI anubhUtiyoM meM bhI eka vyakti sukha kA anubhava kara sakatA hai aura dUsarA duHkha kA anubhava kara sakatA hai| isa tathya ko RSibhASita ke paMdrahaveM madhurAyaNa nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| usa adhyAya me sAtA duHkha aura asAtA duHkha aise do prakAra ke duHkhoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai ki sAtAduHkha kA kyA tAtparya hai? jaina paraMparA meM sukhada anubhUtiyoM ke lie sAtA aura duHkhada anubhUtiyoM ke lie asAtA kA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se 18. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 171-76, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 19. sAyA dukkheNa abhibhUte..... No asantaM dukhI dukkhaM udIreti" -isibhAsiyAI, 15/1 gAbhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 115 pracalita rahe haiN| sAtA duHkha kA tAtparya yaha hogA ki sukhada anubhUtiyoM meM bhI du:kha kI anubhUti arthAt zArIrika aura aindrika dRSTi se anukUla viSayoM kI anubhUti hone para bhI mAnasika stara para du:khI rhnaa| RSibhASita meM isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra sAtA duHkha se abhibhUta du:khI vyakti du:kha kI udIraNA karatA hai aura usakI prakAra asAtA duHkha se abhibhUta du:khI vyakti bhI duHkha kI udIraNA karatA haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI sthitiyoM meM jisakI mAnasikatA duHkhI banI rahatI hai, vaha sukhada saMyogoM meM bhI duHkhI rahatA hai aura duHkhada saMyogoM meM bhI du:khI rahatA hai| RSibhASita ke anusAra sukha aura duHkha kA saMvedana sukha aura du:kha ke nimitta vastugata saMyogoM para nirbhara na hokara vyakti kI mAnasikatA para nirbhara karatA hai arthAt jisa vyakti kI mAnasikatA du:khI hone kI hai, vaha anukUla aura pratikUla donoM saMyogoM meM duHkhI banA rahatA hai| isake viparIta jisakI mAnasikatA sukha kI hotI hai, vaha pratikUla sthitiyoM meM bhI sukha kA saMvedana kara letA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM sukha aura duHkha ko kevala vastugata tathya na mAnakara manogata tathya bhI mAnA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vastugata aura manogata tathyoM meM manogata tathya hI pradhAna hotA hai, jisakI mAnasikatA duHkhAbhibhUta hai vaha sukhada saMyogoM meM bhI duHkhI rahatA hai, jabaki jisakI mAnasikatA sukhAbhibhUta hai vaha pratikUla saMyogoM meM bhI haMsatA rahatA hai| ataH sukha aura duHkha ke saMvedana meM mAnasikatA hI pramukha tathya hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita kI sAtA duHkha kI avadhAraNA hamAre samakSa eka nayI dRSTi prastuta karatI haiN| duHkha kA svarUpa RSibhASita ke "kUrmAputra" nAmaka adhyayana meM duHkha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo du:kha pradAna karatA hai, vahIM duHkha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jina-jina tathyoM se duHkha utpanna hotA hai ve hI duHkha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita du:kha ke kAraNoM kA manovaiAnika vizleSaNa karake hameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo utsukatA yA AkAMkSA yA icchA hai vahIM duHkha hai aura icchA AkAMkSA yA abhilASA se yukta hai, vahI du:khI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana meM jo dIna bhAvanA hai, cAha yA AkAMkSA hai vahIM duHkha hai| isalie du:kha vimukti kA upAya citta ko AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM se rahita karanA hai| isa tathya ko isa rUpa meM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki jo AkAMkSA aura icchAoM se yukta hai, vahI du:khI hai aura jo usase Upara 20. savvaM dukkhAvaha dukkhaM, dukkhaM suusuyttnn| dukkhI va dukkaracariyaM vasittA savva dukkhaM khaveti tvsaa| tamhA adINamaNaso dukkhI savva dukkhaM titikkhenjaasi| -'isibhAsiyAI'7/gadyabhAga

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116 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI uThatA hai vaha du:kha se mukta ho jAtA hai| RSibhASita meM kurmAputra kahate haiM ki "jo pramAdavaza bhI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA hai, vahI sukhI hotA hai| du:kha vimukti kA upAya hai kAmanAoM se Upara uTha jAnA, vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara lenaa| isa saMdarbha meM punaH kUrmAputra kahate haiM ki kAma ko akAma banAkara sAdhaka AtmA trAtA hokara vicaraNa kareM, kyoMki jo kAmanAoM se Upara uTha sakatA hai vahI apanI AtmA kA rakSaNa kara sakatA hai| duHkha vimukti kA upAya ___ yadi duHkha kA mukhya kAraNa bAhya tathya na hokara caitasika avasthA hai to phira duHkha vimukti tabhI saMbhava hogI jabaki duHkha kI caitasika kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jaayegaa| RSibhASita meM sAriputta kahate haiM ki "vyAdhi kI jo cikitsA kI jAtI hai, vaha na sukha hai na duHkha hai kintu cikitsA meM saMlagna rogI ko sukha aura duHkha ho sakatA hai| moha kA kSaya karane meM pravRtta vyakti ko sukha aura duHkha ho sakate haiM kintu jisa hetu arthAt aMtaraMga vyAdhi kA nAza kara mukti prApta karane ke lie moha kA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ na sukha hai aura na duHkha hai|"22 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita sukha aura duHkha donoM hI sthitiyoM se Upara uThane ke nirdeza karatA hai| sAriputta kahate haiM ki jitendriya vIra puruSa ke lie araNya kyA aura Azrama kyA? jahA~ AMtarika prasannatA hai vaha araNya hI Azrama hai| roga mukti vyakti ke lie auSadhi kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM aura zastra ke lie abhedyatA kA koI artha nahIM, usI prakAra svabhAva meM ramaNa karane vAlI AtmA ke lie zUnya vana aura bastI donoM hI AnandakArI hote haiN| jabaki zalya yukta hRdaya vAle vyakti ke lie ye sabhI duHkha kA kAraNa hote haiN| ataH sukha aura duHkha, yaha tathyagata yA vastugata na hokara ke cittagata sthitiyA~ hai aura isalie jo vizuddha hRdaya hai vaha sukha aura duHkha- donoM kA hI atikramaNa kara letA hai| punaH kahA gayA hai ki "icchA hI janma-maraNa priya kA viyoga dhanahAni, baMdhuhAni, aura samasta klezoM kA AdhAra hai| icchA cAhane vAle ko -'isibhAsiyAI' 7/3,5 21. (a) AlasseNAvi je kei, ussuattaM Na gcchti| teNAvi se suhI hoi, kiMtu saddhI prkkme|| (ba) kAmaM akAmakAmI, attatAe privve| sAvajaM NirakjeNaM pariNNAe parivvaenjAsitti / / ttibemii|| 22. (a) mohakkhae Tha juttassa, dukkhaM vA jai vA suh| mohakkhae jahA-heU na dukkhaM na vi vA suh|| . (ba) NaM dukkha Na suhaM vA vi, jahA-hetu tigicchti| tigicchie sujuttarasa, dukkhaM vA jati vA suh|| 23. dantindiyassa vIrassa, kiM raNNe'ssameNa vA? jattha jattheva modajjA, taM raNaM so ya assmo| 24. vahI, 38/1-15 - vahI, 38/9 -vahI, 38/8 -isibhAsiyAI 38/13

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 117 nahIM cAhatI hai| kintu anicchuka ko cAhatI haiM, ata: icchA ko anicchA se jItakara jIva sukha pAtA hai|25 RSibhASita ke vidura nAmaka 17veM adhyAya meM bhI duHkha vimukti kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "jisa vidyA se baMdha mokSa jIvoM kI gati aura Agati tathA AtmAbhAva kA parijJAna hotA hai, vahIM vidyA du:kha vimocanI hai aura isalie duHkha vimukti ke icchuka vyakti ko sarvaprathama roga kA parijJAna honA cAhiye, arthAta use du:kha aura karma baMdhana ko samajha lenA cAhiye, usake pazcAta roga kA nidAna arthAt roga ke kAraNoM ko jAnanA caahiye| phira yaha nizcaya karanA cAhiye ki isa roga ko kaunasI auSadhiA upazAnta kara sakatI hai aura usa auSadhi kA sevana karake hI vyakti roga mukta ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti samyak rUpa se karma arthAt duHkha ko jAna letA hai use jAnakara usake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai aura ina kAraNoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie sAdhanA karatA hai vaha du:kha vimukti ko prApta kara letA hai|28 vyakti, jo baMdhana aura mukti ko tathA usakI phala paraMparA ko jAna letA hai vahIM karmoM arthAta duHkha kA nAza karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM baMdhana yA du:kha vimukti ke upAyoM kI carcA karate hue prathamataH jJAna ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| RSibhASita ke ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ajJAna hI parama duHkha haiM, ajJAna se bar3A bhaya koI nahIM hai ajJAna ke kAraNa hI mRga, matsya, pakSI Adi du:khI hote haiN| prANiyoM ke janma, jarA, mRtyu, zoka Adi ajJAnamUlaka haiN| ajJAna ke kAraNa auSadhi saMyojana, mizraNa Adi asaphala hote haiM kintu jJAna ke kAraNa auSadhi kA vinyAsa, saMyojana, mizraNa Adi saphala hote haiN| 25. tamhA icchaM anicchAe jiNittA suhmehtii| -isibhAsiyAI, 40/5 26. jeNa bandhaM ca mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gatirAgatiM AyAbhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjA du:kkhmoynnii| -vA, 172 27. samma rogapariNNANaM, tato tassa vinnicchtt| rogo saha pariNNANaM, jogo rogtigicchitt|| -vahI, 17/3 28. samma kammapariNNANaM, to tassa vimokkhnn| kammamokkhapariNNANaM, karaNaM ca vimokkhnn|| -vahI, 1714 29. aNNANaM paramaM dukkhaM, aNNANA jAyate bhyN| aNANamUlo saMsAro, viviho svvdehinn|| miga banjhanti pAsehi, vihaMgA mttvaarnnaa| macchA galehi sAsanti, aNNANaM suhmhbbhyN| jammaM jarA ya maccU ya, soko maanno'vmaannnnaa| aNNANamUlaM jIvANaM, saMsArassa ya sNttii|| viNNAso osahINaM tU, saijogANaM va joynnN| sAhaNaM vA vi vijjANaM, aNNANeNa sijjhti|| viNNAso osahINaM tu. saMjogANaM va joynn| sAhaNaM vA vi vijjANaM, NANajogeNa sijjhti|| -isibhAsiyAI, 21/3, 4, 5, 11, 12

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118 . DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI kintu usake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki mAtra jJAna se mukti nahIM hotI hai, jisa prakAra koI vyakti roga aura roga ke kAraNoM ko jAnakarake bhI yadi auSadhi kA sevana nahIM karatA hai to vaha roga mukta nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra du:kha aura duHkha ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke pazcAta bhI yadi koI vyakti sAdhanA nahIM karatA hai, to vaha duHkha se mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| kyoMki jo vyakti du:kha vimukti kI samyak prakAra se sAdhanA nahIM karatA hai vaha du:kha vimukti ke prayatnoM meM bhI naye du:khoM ko AmaMtrita kara letA hai| madhurAyaNa RSibhASita ke paMdrahaveM adhyAya meM kahate haiM ki duHkha kA anubhava hone para duHkhAbhibhUta dehadhArI duHkha ke pratikAra kA prayatna to karatA hai kintu samyak prayatna na hone para vaha duHkha ke pratikAra ke prayatna meM hI duHkha kA upArjana kara letA haiM jaise khAne kI icchA vAlA mUrkha vyakti agni aura sAMpa ko pakar3akara sukhArthI hokara bhI duHkha ko hI prApta karatA hai| isI prakAra duHkhagrasta vyakti du:kha ke nirAkaraNa ke prayatnoM meM naye-naye du:kha ke kAraNoM kA saMcaya kara letA hai| RSibhASita meM duHkha ke pratikAra ke prayatna meM kisa prakAra kI dRSTi honI cAhiye ise eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki patthara se Ahata krauMca pakSI usI patthara ko kATatA hai, kintu siMha bANa lagane para bANa para na jhapaTa kara bANa pheMkane vAle para jhapaTatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki siMha duHkha yA pIr3A ke kAraNa para AghAta karatA hai jabaki krauMca pakSI usa duHkha ko hI pakar3a kara duHkhI hotA hai| duHkhoM se mukti vahIM prApta kara sakatA hai, jo du:kha ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna na karake du:kha ke kAraNoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna karatA hai|32 RSibhASita meM isa tathya ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka anya udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai| jaise yadi koI vyakti vRkSa ke mUla ko sIMcatA haiM to vaha usake phala ko prApta karatA hI haiN| kintu jo mUla ko hI naSTa kara detA hai vaha phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| phalAbhilASI mUla kA siMcana karatA hai, kintu jise phala kI abhilASA nahIM hai| vaha mUla kA siMcana nahIM krtaa|33 tAtparya yaha hai ki duHkha ke kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa karane para hI du:kha se vimukta huA jA sakatA hai| jo kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA hai du:kha ke pratikAra ke kitane hI prayatna kyoM na kareM duHkha se vimukti nahIM pA sakatA, kyoMki mUla ke -vahI, 15/12, 14 30. duvikhato duHkhaghAtAya, dukkhAvettA sriirinno| paDiyAreNa dukkhassa, dukkhamaNNaM nnibndhiiN| AhAratthI jahA bAlo, vaNhaM sappaM ca gennhtii| tahA mUDho suha'tthI tu, pAvamaNNaM pkuvvtii|| patthareNA''hato kIvo, khiNaM Dasai ptthrN| migAri U saraM pappaM, saruppatiM vimggti|| 32. vahI, 15/24 33. mUlaseke phaluppattI, mUlAghAte hataM phlN| phalatthI siMcae mUlaM, phalaghAtI, na siNcti|| -isibhAsiyAI, 15/24 -vahI, 15/11

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana bane rahane para phUla patte aura phala to AyeMge hii| 34 ataH mumukSu AtmA ko duHkha ke mUla ko hI samApta karane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| jaise saperA sAMpa ko samApta na karake sAMpa ke viSa ko hI samApta karatA hai / 35 apramatta dazA kA svarUpa RSibhASita mukhyatayA adhyAtmavidyA kA graMtha hai| ataH usameM sadAcaraNa yA durAcaraNa ke saMdarbha meM AtmacetanatA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| jo bhI karma AtmavismRti yA pramAda dazA meM hotA hai vaha naitika nahIM ho sakatA / AtmajAgRti yA apramattacetA honA hI usameM sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya mAnA gayA hai| RSibhASita ke 35veM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM uddAlaka RSi kahate haiM ki " jAgaraNazIla vIra zramaNaM se doSa usI taraha dUra ho jAte haiM jaise dAha bhIrU prANI jalatI huI Aga ko dekhakara dUra bhAga jAtA hai / " jo apane prati sadaiva jAgRta rahatA hai vahIM sAMsArika klezoM se vimukta ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra jAgRta rahane vAle vyakti ke ghara meM cora praveza nahIM karate, usI prakAra jo apramatta cetA aura AtmajAgRta hotA hai usameM viSaya vAsanA rUpI cora praveza nahIM kara pAte haiN| RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki "pA~ca indriyA~, cAra saMjJAe~, tridaNDa, trizalya, tIna (garva) vAisa pariSaha aura cAra kaSAya ye sabhI cora hai| isalie sadaiva jAgRta raho, soo mata, dharmAcaraNa meM pramAda mata karo, anyathA viSaya kaSAya Adi aneka cora tumhAre saMyama aura yoga kA haraNa karane meM nahIM cukeNge| 27 Age puna: kahA gayA hai ki "ye viSaya vAsanA evaM kaSAya rUpI cora tumhAre satkarmoM kA haraNa kara tamheM durgatidAyaka karmoM kI ora prerita kara deNge|" jo sAdhaka to sokara bhI jAgatA hai arthAt viSaya vAsanAoM ke prati supta hokara ke bhI vaha apanI AtmA ke prati sadaiva jAgRta rahatA hai / isIlie yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sotA rahatA hai arthAt pramatta hotA hai vaha sukhI nahIM hotA aura jo jAgRta rahatA hai vaha sukhI hotA hai / " isake 34. isibhAsiyAI, 15/7 35. tamhA u savvadukkhANaM, kujjA mUlaviNAsaNaM / vAlaggAhi vva sappassa, visadosa viNAsaNaM / / 36. jAgarataM muNiM vIraM, dosA vajjenti duuro| jalantaM jAtateyaM vA, cakkhusA dAhabhIruNo || 37. pacindiyAI saNNA daNDA sallAiM gAravA tinni| bAvIsaM ca parIsaha, corA cattAri ya kasAyA / / gAhI mA suvAhI, mA te dhammacaraNe pamattassa / kAhinti bahu corA, saMjamajoge hiDAkammaM / / 38. jAgaraha NarA nicvaM, mA bhe dhammacaraNe pamattANaM / kAhinti bahU corA, doggatigamaNe hiDAkammaM / / 39. jAgaraha NarA NicvaM, jAgaramANassa jAgarati sutaM / je suvati Na se suhite, jAgaramANe suhI hoti // 119 - isi bhAsiyAI, 15/32 - vahI, 35/24 -ast, 35/20 - vahI, 35/19 -vahI, 35/21 -vahI, 35/23

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120 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI viparIta jo viSaya-vAsanAoM ke prati jAgate rahate haiM ve vastutaH soe hue hI haiM aise vyakti auSadhi ke mahattva ko na samajhakara ghAva se yA vraNa se mukta nahIM ho paate| vastuta: jo apramattacetA nahIM hote ve paramArtha ko nahIM prApta kara skte| paramArtha ke prati jAgRta hone kA artha apane prati jAgRta honA, apanI viSaya vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM ko dekhanA hai| uddAlaka spaSTarUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki AtmArtha ke prati sadaiva jAgRta raho kintu para ke prati arthAt bhautika viSayoM ke prati jAgRta rahane kA prayatna na karo, kyoMki "jo sva ke prati jAgRta nahIM rahatA hai aura pramatta hokara para kI prApti ke lie tatpara rahatA hai vaha AtmArtha ko arthAt apanI AdhyAtmika zAMti yA samAdhi ko kho detA hai|''40 are! jaba svayaM kA ghara jala rahA ho to dUsaroM ke ghara kI ora kyoM daur3ate ho, svayaM kA ghara jala rahA ho to dUsaroM ke ghara kI Aga bujhAne kA prayatna mata kro| yadi koI dUsarA pApa kA AcaraNa kara rahA hai to tujhe mauna dhAraNa karane se kyA hAni hogI, arthAt dUsaroM ke azubha AcaraNa ko dekhakara duHkhI yA prasanna hone kA tujhe to koI lAbha nahIM milegA, apitu vyartha hI apane ko duHkhI (tanAvoM se grasta) bnaayegaa| samagra sAdhanA kA sAra yahI hai ki AtmArtha ke prati jAgRta rahanA, yahI mukti kA hetu hai aura para padArthoM ke prati jAgRta rahanA yaha karma baMdha kA hetu hai| AtmA ke prati sajagatA sva aura para donoM ke lie hI kalyANa kAraka hai| dUsaroM ke jAgRta rahane se tujhe kyA milegA, svayaM apane ko jAgRta rakha, kyoMki yaha saMsAra coroM se arthAt kaSAyoM se bharA huA hai|42 apramatta jIvana zailI ke saMdarbha meM RSibhASita meM eka bahuta hI suMdara udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "muni tailapAtra dhAraka ke samAna ekAgra mana hokara vicaraNa kre| jaina Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM bharata ke kathAnaka meM tailapAtra dhAraka kI kathA upalabdha hotI hai| kathA isa prakAra hai-- jaba kisI vyakti ne RSabha ke mukha se yaha sunA ki bharata isI bhava meM mukta hone vAlA hai to use bahuta hI Azcarya huA, usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki rAjya vaibhava meM AkaNTha DUbA huA bharata jaisA vyakti kaise isI bhava se mukta ho sakatA hai| usakI yaha AzaMkA jaba bharata -isibhAsiyAI,35/15 40. AtaDe jAgaro hohi, mA praahidhaare| AtaTTho hAyae tassa, jo prtttthaahidhaare|| 41. sae gehe palitammi, kiM dhAvasi parAtako sayaM gehaM NirittANaM, tato gacche praatk|| jai paro paDisevenja, pAviyaM pddisevnnN| tujha moNaM karentassa, ke ar3he prihaayti|| 42. aNNAtayammi aTAlakammi kiM jaggieNa viirss| Niyagammi jaggiyavvaM, imo hu bahucorato gaamo|| 43. tamhA pANadayaTThAe, tellapattadharo jdhaa| eggayamaNIbhUto, dayatthI vihare munnii|| -vahI, 35/14, 16 -vahI, 35/18 -vahI, 45/22

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 121 ko jJAta huI taba unhoMne use pratibodha dene ke lie eka yojanA taiyAra kI use kahA gayA ki tumheM tela se bharA pAtra hAtha meM lekara ayodhyA nagara meM ghUmanA hai| kintu dhyAna rahe yadi taila pAtra se eka bhI bUMda nIce girI to tumhArA sara dhar3a se alaga kara diyA jaayegaa| talavAra lekara do sipAhI usake sAtha kara diye ge| usane atyaMta sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sajaga rahate hue bhramaNa kiyA ayodhyA ke bAjAroM aura caurAhoM para kyA dekhA yaha pUchane para usa vyakti ne bharata ko kahA ki mujhe tela kA kaTorA aura mauta ke alAvA kucha nahIM dikhAI de rahA thaa| bharata ne use samajhAyA ki jisa prakAra bAjAra meM ghUmate hue bhI tuma use nahIM dekha pAye, usase vimukta rahe, usI prakAra jo vyakti apanI mRtyu ko dekhatA huA sAMsArika upalabdhiyoM meM apramatta hotA hai vaha saMsAra meM rahakara bhI usase nirlipta rahatA hai| isa kathA kA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki jo vyakti apramattacetA hotA hai, vaha saMsAra meM rahakara bhI baMdhana ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| isI tathya ko spaSTa karate hue 35veM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki zalya, zastra, viSa, yaMtra, madirA sarpa aura kaTuvANI ke pariNAmoM ko samajhakara jo unakA tyAga kara detA hai vaha unake doSoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki jo sAdhaka apramatta cetA hotA hai, vaha doSoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha pratyeka kArya ke saMdarbha meM apanI dIrgha dRSTi se unake pariNAmoM ko jAna letA hai aura phala svarUpa unake pariNAmoM kA jJAtA hokara unameM lipta nahIM hotaa| kaSAya aura usakA svarUpa RSibhASita ke 9veM adhyAya meM karma baMdha ke kAraNoM kI carcA karate hue kaSAya kA ullekha huA hai| kaSAya zabda sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNa paraMparA kA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paraMparA kA eka viziSTa zabda hai| yaha zabda sAmAnyatayA dUSita manovRttiyoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| yadyapi isa artha meM isake kvacit prayoga hindU aura bauddha paraMparA meM dekhe jAte haiM kintu isa artha meM isakA vizeSa prayoga to jaina paraMparA meM hI adhika pAyA jAtA hai| RSibhASita meM 9, 25, 26, 29 tathA 35 evaM 36veM adhyAya meM kaSAya kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| jaina paraMparA meM kaSAya zabda kA artha hai, jo AtmA ko kuza karatI hai athavA jo AtmA ko kasatI hai arthAt baMdhana meM DAlatI hai vaha kaSAya hai| kaSAya cAra mAne gae haiN| RSibhASita ke 25veM ambaDa 44. dekheM-kalpasUtra, TIkA 45. satthaM sallaM visaM jantaM, manjaM bAlaM dubhaasnnN| vajjentotaNimetteNaM, doseNaM Na vi luppti|| -isibhAsiyAI.35/12 46. miccha ttaM aniyattI ya, pamAo yAvi nneghaa| ___kasAyA ceva jogA ya, kammAdANassa kaarnn|| -vahI 9/8 47. dekheM- (a) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1, pR. 499 (ba) abhidhAna rAjeMdra koza, khaNDa 3, pR. 395

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122 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTarUpa se AryajanoM ko vyapagata catukaSAya kahA gayA haiN| punaH 35veM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA alaga-alaga vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ataH kaSAyoM ke svarUpa aura saMkhyA ke saMdarbha meM RSibhASita tathA jaina paraMparA meM ekarUpatA hai jaina paraMparA meM mUlataH to cAra hI kaSAya mAne gae haiM, kintu Age calakara jaina karmasiddhAnata meM unake prakAroM aura upaprakAroM kI carcA karate hue 16 kaSAyoM aura 9 no kaSAyoM (upakaSAyoM) kA ullekha huA hai|8 yahA~ hama kevala RSibhASita ke AdhAra para hI ina kaSAyoM kI carcA kreNge| RSibhASita ke 35veM adhyAya meM kaSAyoM se saMbaMdhita vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| isa adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM hI kahA gayA hai ki yaha jIva kupita hokara ahaMkArI hokara, mAyAvI hokara aura lobhI hokara hiMsA Adi pApa karmoM kA sampAdana karatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke kAraNa hI vaha AtmasvarUpa kA vidhvaMsa karatA huA caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM kaSAyoM ko AtmasvaguNoM kA vidhvaMsa karane vaalaa| saMsAra paribhramaNa arthAt baMdhana kA kAraNa aura hiMsA Adi pApa karmoM meM prakRti kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| paravartI jaina sAhitya meM bhI kaSAyoM ke isI svarUpa kA citraNa huA hai| __ jaisA ki hama ullekha kara cuke haiM RSibhASita meM kaSAyoM ke kevala cAra hI prakAroM kI carcA hai usameM nimna cAra kaSAyoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai|-(1) krodha, (2) mAna, (3) mAyA aura (4) lobha- ye kaSAya AtmA ke svaguNoM kA kaise vinAza karate haiN| isakA citraNa karate hue RSibhASita ke uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki "ajJAna grasta vimUr3ha AtmA kevala tAtkAlika hita ko dekhatA hai aura krodha ko mahAbANa banAkara apanI hI AtmA ko bIMdha DAlatA hai| sAmAnya bANa se bIMdhe jAne para to mAtra eka hI bhava bigar3atA hai kintu krodha rUpI bANa se biddha hone para bhava santati hI bigar3a jAtI hai| isI prakAra kA ullekha mAna mAyA aura lobha ke saMdarbha meM bhI milatA hai|"50 kaSAya ke kAraNa bhava paraMparA bigar3a jAtI hai yaha ullekha apane Apa meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai, yaha manovaijJAnika dRSTi se isa tathya kA 48. ttavArtha sUtra 8/10 49. cauhi ThANehiM khalu bho jIvA kuppantA majjantA gRhantA lubmantA, vajjaM samAdiyanti, vajaM samAdiittA cAurantasaMsArakantAre puNo puNo attANaM pddividdhsnti| -'isibhAsiyAI',35/ gadyabhAga 50. aNNAviSpamUDhappA, pccuppnnnnaabhidhaare| kovaM kiccA mahAbANaM, appA biMdhai appk|| maNNe bANeNa viddhe tu bhavamekkaM vinnijjti| lodha bANeNa viddhe tu, NijjatI bhvsNtti|| appANa.......appA biMdhaI appk| -'isibhAsiyAi', 35/2-9

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 123 sUcaka hai ki pratyeka kaSAya apanI abhivyakti ke samya kaSAyoM kI eka zrRMkhalA khar3I kara letI hai| aura yaha zrRMkhalA hI vyakti kI AdhyAtmika zAMti aura samAdhi ko bhaMga karake use janma janmAMtara meM pIr3A detI rahatI hai| kaSAya vijaya kaise saMbhava hai isa saMdarbha meM RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki "mana ko vijita kara lene para kaSAya bhI vijita ho jAte haiM kyoMki kaSAyoM kA janma sthAna mana hI hai| RSibhASita meM varddhamAna kahate haiM ki jo mana aura kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha zuddha AtmA hI AhUta agni ke samAna daidIpyamAna hotA hai| ___uddAlaka kaSAya vimukti kA upAya batAte hue kahate haiM ki "krodhAdi cAroM kaSAyoM kA vinAza karane ke lie sanmatipUrvaka samabhAva kA Alambana aura sva tathA para kA jJAtA hokara viSaya vAsanA se rahita patha meM vicaraNa kreN|52 varddhamAna aura uddAlaka ke ina kathanoM meM eka manovaijJAnika satya rahA huA hai| sarvaprathama to kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie hameM mana para vijaya prApta karanA cAhiye kyoMki kaSAya mana ke AdhAra para hI jIvita rahate haiM kintu mana para kaise vijaya prApta kI jAye-yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| mana para vijaya prApta karane ke lie AtmadraSTA bhAva aura samatvabhAva kA AnA Avazyaka hai| mana meM anukUla aura pratikUla saMyogoM ke avasara para jaba taka samabhAva nahIM rahatA hai, taba taka citta uddhelita rahatA hai aura yaha uddhelita citta hI kaSAyoM ko janma detA hai kintu anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM cittavRtti kA yaha samatva tabhI sambhava hai, jaba AtmA jJAtA draSTA bhAva meM rhe| jaba AtmA draSTA yA sAkSIbhAva meM AtA hai, taba krodhAdi ke prati bhI sAkSI bhAva banegA aura aisI sthiti meM kartRttva bhAva kA niSedha hone para krodhAdi kaSAya nirmUla hokara samApta ho jaayeNge| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita na kevala kaSAyoM kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prastuta karatA hai apitu unake zamana kA manovaijJAnika upAya bhI prastuta karatA hai| kaSAyoM kI saMhAraka zakti RSibhASita meM isa tathya ko spaSTarUpa se vivecita kiyA gayA hai ki kaSAyoM kA upazamana kaSAyoM ke mAdhyama se saMbhava nahIM hai| RSibhASita ke 36veM adhyAya meM 'tArAyaNa' nAmaka RSi kahate haiM ki "kopabhAjana ke prati kiyA gayA krodha mere lie aura usake lie arthAt donoM ke lie hI duHkhaprada hotA hai| krodha agni hai aMdhakAra hai, mRtyu hai, viSa hai, vyAdhi hai, zatru hai, raja hai, jarA hai, hAni hai, bhaya hai, zoka hai, -'isibhAsiyAI' 2917 51. jittA maNaM kasAe yA, jo sammaM kurute tvN| saMdippate sa suddhappA, aggI vA hvisaa''hute|| 52. tamhA tesiM viNAsAya, sammamAgamma sNmti| ... appaM paraM ca jANittA, cre'visygoy|| -vahI, 35/10

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124 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI moha hai, zalya hai aura parAjaya hai| agni ko balazAlI mAnA jAtA hai, kintu krodhAgni aparimita hotI hai| agni ko bujhAyA jA sakatA hai kintu krodhAgni ko samasta samudroM ke jala se bhI bujhAnA asaMbhava hai| agni kevala isa zarIra ko jalAtI hai aura agni se jalA huA vyakti svastha bhI ho sakatA hai kintu krodhAgni bhava-bhavAntara meM jalAtI rahatI hai| agni kA jalA huA vyakti zAMti ko prApta kara sakatA haiM kintu krodhAgni se jalane vAle vyakti ko kabhI zAMti prApta nahIM hotI hai| krodha svayaM ko to jalAtA hI hai kintu vaha dUsaroM ko bhI jalAtA hai usake kAraNa artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa sabhI puruSArtha jala jAte haiM arthAt naSTa ho jAte haiN| isalie prajJAvAna krodhAgni kI duSTatA aura bhasmazIlatA kI samIkSA karake use nirUddha kara detA hai|53 ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM kaSAyoM ke sva-para vinAzaka svarUpoM kA vistRta citraNa kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka AtmA ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha kaSAya rUpI agni se AtmA kI sukha aura zAMti ko naSTa na hone deN|54 -0 53. koheNa appaM DahatI paraM ca, atthaM ca dhamma ca taheva kaam| tIvvaM ca veraM pi karenti kodhA, adharaM gati vA vi uvinti kohaa|| 54. kovo aggitamo maccU. . . . . . saMsAre savva dehinnN| -isibhAsiyAI, 36/14 -vahI, 36/3-8

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 125 SaSTha adhyAya RSibhASita kA naitika darzana RSibhASita kI adhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi RSibhASita mukhyataH AdhyAtmika sAdhanA paraka graMtha hai| ataH AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi hI usakA pratipAdya viSaya hai| RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM usake isa AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi kA paricaya hameM mila jAtA hai| adhyAtmavAda kA tAtparya AtmA athavA cetanA ko bAhya padArthoM athavA ghaTanAoM kI apekSA adhika mahattva denA haiN| usameM Atmavizuddhi yA citta zuddhi hI carama lakSya hotI hai| sAMsArika tathyoM aura karmakANDoM kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM eka navIna artha pradAna karanA adhyAtmavAda kI eka viziSTa zailI rahI hai| jaise uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM tIrtha snAna, yajJa Adi karmakANDIya prakriyAoM kA adhyAtmIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki tapa hI jyoti hai aura AtmA usa jyoti kA sthAna haiM, zarIra agnikuNDa hai karma iMdhana hai aura saMyama sAdhanA hI zAMti pATha hai, aisA yajJa hI RSiyoM ke dvArA prazaMsita hai| isI prakAra tIrtha snAna kA adhyAtmIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "dharma hI tAlAba hai, brahmacarya usakA zAMti tIrtha hai| AtmA kI anAkulatA aura prasannatA hI jala hai, jisameM snAna karane se AtmA vizuddha ho jAtA hai| aisA snAna hI mahAsnAna hai, jisakI RSiyoM ne prazaMsA kI hai|"2 ina tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki adhyAtmavAdI jIvanadRSTi dhArmika kahe jAne vAle karmakANDoM ko eka navIna saMdarbha pradAna karatI hai| RSibhASita meM isa AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi kA paricaya usake chabbIsaveM evaM battIsaveM adhyAyoM meM milatA hai| jahA~ kRSi saMbaMdhI kAryoM kA bhI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA haiN| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA hI kheta hai, tapa bIja hai, saMyama hala hai aura dhyAna usa hala kI tIkSNa phAla hai| samyaktva hI juA (juDA) hai| samiti hI usakI yugakIlaka hai| dhairya hI jota hai| pA~ca indriyoM kA zamita aura damita honA hI usake baila 1. 2. uttarAdhyayana 12/44 vahI 12/46

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hai| / saccA brAhmaNa aisI hI divya kRSi khetI karatA hai| sarva tattvoM ke prati dayArUpa, jo aisI kRSi karatA hai vaha cAhe brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zudra vizuddhi ko prApta hotA haiN| zabdAntara se isI prakAra kA vivecana RSibhASita ke battIsaveM 'piMga' nAmaka adhyayana meM bhI milatA hai| bauddha paraMparA ke suttanipAta ke 'kasibhAradvAjasutta ' meM bhI aisI AdhyAtmika kRSi kA ullekha huA haiN|" 126 vastutaH zramaNa paraMparAoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne jIvana kI sAmAnya ghaTanAoM aura kriyAoM ko AdhyAtmika rUpaka ke dvArA samajhAkara vyakti ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI dizA meM pravRtta kiyA haiM / jJAtavya hai ki AdhyAtmika kRSi ke saMdarbha meM RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM tathA battIsaveM adhyAya meM tathA 'suttanipAta' ke 'kasibhAradvAja sutta' meM jo ullekha milate haiM, ve rUpakoM ke kucha aMtara ke sAtha samAna hI hai| vastutaH zramaNa paraMparA bAhya karmakANDoM kI apekSA Atmavizuddhi ke prayatnoM ko hI dharma sAdhanA kA mUla hArdra samajhatI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki usane yajJa-yAga saMbaMdhI karmakANDoM kA virodha karake janasAmAnya ke samakSa eka AdhyAtmika cittavizuddhi kI paddhati ko prastuta kiyaa| RSibhASita zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hai, ataH usameM hameM isI AdhyAtmika jIvanadRSTi kA paricaya sthala-sthala para milatA hai| usakI yahI AdhyAtmika jIvanadRSTi usake naitika darzana kA AdhAra hai| niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kA samanvaya nItizAstra ke vidvAnoM ne saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ko nItizAstra kI eka pUrvamAnyatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa karma kA cunAva vyakti apane svataMtra saMkalpa ke dvArA karatA hai, usake lie hI vaha uttaradAyI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM naitika uttaradAyitva ke lie saMkalpa kI svataMtratA Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM / kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA manuSya ko saMkalpa kI svataMtratA upalabdha hai ? pazcima aura bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM kucha aise dArzanika bhI hai, jo yaha mAnate haiM ki manuSya ke pAsa saMkalpa kI svataMtratA jaisI koI vastu hI nahIM hai, usake samagra saMkalpa aura usakA vyavahAra kisI anyazakti se niyaMtrita aura zAsita hai| IzvaravAdiyoM ne isa zakti ko IzvarIya icchA yA daivI icchA kahA hai| ve zramaNa paraMparAe~ 3. 4. 5. 'isibhAsiyAI' 26/7-15 at, 32/2-4 sadA bIjaM tapo vuTThi paJjA meM yugnNglN| hiri IsA mano yottaM sati meM phAlapAcanaM / / kAyaguto vacIgutto AhAre udare yato / saccaM karomi niddAnaM soraccaM me pamocanaM / / evamsA kasI kaTThA sA hoti amatappalA / etaM kasaM kasitvAna savvadukkhA pmucctiiti|| - suttanipAta 4 - sibhAradvAjasutta

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana jo Izvara ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karatI haiM unhoMne use pUrva karma saMskAra yA svabhAva ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| RSibhASita meM hameM svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ke kucha ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| RSibhASita ke chaTheM valkalacIrI nAmaka adhyayana meM tathA maMkhaliputra nAmaka gyArahaveM adhyAya meM niyativAdI tattva parilakSita hote hai| valkalacIrI kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra gamana kI icchA hone para bhI rassI se baMdhA huA vyakti gamana nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra ajJAnI puruSa samyak mArga ko prApta karake bhI karmarUpI rassI arthAt svabhAva se jakar3A hone ke kAraNa lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA nirAdhAra AkAza meM chor3e gae puSpa ke samAna dRr3ha rassI se baddha manuSya ke lie vidhi arthAt bhAgya hI balavAna hai / " aisA manuSya jaba AkAza meM svataMtra pakSI ko ur3Ana bharate dekhatA hai to vaha svataMtra hone kI AkAMkSA karatA hai kintu svayaM ko dRr3ha rassI se nibaddha dekhakara use vidhi hI balavAna pratIta hotI hai| " isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki valkalacIrI yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki yadyapi manuSya meM svataMtra hone kI AkAMkSA rahI huI hai phira bhI vaha apane svabhAva arthAt karmoM se Abaddha hone ke kAraNa svataMtra nahIM hai| svabhAva arthAt karmoM se Abaddha vyakti ke lie vidhi ko balavAna mAnanA hI adhika sArthaka hai| kyoMki aisA vyakti vAstava meM svataMtra nahIM kahA jA sakatA use saMsAra meM niyati ke vidhAna ko svIkAra karake hI AtmatoSa kA anubhava ho sakatA hai| unake anusAra jisa prakAra rassI meM jakar3A huA vyakti eka sImA se Age svataMtra rUpa se viharaNa nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra svabhAva se nibaddha athavA pUrva karma saMskAroM se jakar3A huA vyakti eka sImA se Age apanA AcaraNa karane meM svataMtra nahIM hai| jisa prakAra AkAza meM phailA gayA puSpa eka nizcita krama meM pRthvI para giratA hI hai usI prakAra prANI apane svabhAva ke kAraNa eka nizcita krama meM hI AcaraNa karatA hai| isI prakAra RSibhASita meM maMkhaliputta nAmaka gyArahaveM adhyAya meM bhI niyativAda ke tattva parilakSita hote haiN| maMkhaliputta kahate haiM ki " jo dravyoM ke guNa lAghava kA saMyojaka karatA hai vahIM saMyoga - niSpannatA samasta kAryoM ko pUrNa karatI hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa-jisa vastu meM jo 2 guNa dharma rahe hue haiM usa-usa vastu ke vyavahAra kI abhivyakti usa usa rUpa meM hI hotI hai| " jisa prakAra Ama kI 6. 7. suttamettagatiM ceva, gaMtukAme vi se jahA / evaM laddhA vi sammaggaM, sabhAvAo akovite / / 127 mukkaM puSaM va AgAse, NirAdhAre tu se Nare / Dha - sumbaNibaddhe tu, vihare balavaM vihiM / / ast, 6/6 -' isibhAsiyAI' 6/6, 5

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128 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI guThalI se Ama hI utpanna hotA hai anya koI vRkSa nhiiN|" dUsare zabdoM meM, Ama kI guThalI meM Ama ke atirikta anya kisI vRkSa ko utpanna karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva hai| usI prakAra vyakti ke vyavahAra kI bhI kucha niyata sImAe~ haiM, jinase alaga haTakara unakA vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| vastugata niyata sImAe~ haiM, jinase alaga haTakara unakA vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| vastugata svAbhAvika niyatatA ko svIkAra karanA hI maMkhaliputta kA niyativAda hai| jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM meM gozAlaka ko niyativAdI mAnA gayA haiM yahA~ hama kahanA cAheMge ki niyativAdI vaha vicAradhArA hai, jo vyakti ke puruSArtha kI apekSA vizva kI eka niyata vyavasthA para bala detI hai aura isa niyata vyavasthA kA AdhAra vastu ke svasvabhAva ko mAnatI hai| yaha satya hai ki maMkhaliputra eka niyativAdI vicAraka rahe haiN| kintu maMkhaliputra ke isa niyativAda kA lakSya vyakti ke kartRttva ahaMkAra ko samApta kara use eka anAsakta samabhAvapUrNa jIvanadRSTi pradAna karanA hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "jo padArthoM kI pariNati ko dekhakara kampita hotA hai, prabhAvita hotA hai, kSobhita hotA hai, Ahata hotA hai, vaha sAdhaka tadanurUpa manobhAvoM se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa AtmarakSaka nahIM bana sktaa|" maMkhaliputra ke upadeza kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hai ki vizva kI ghaTanAe~ usakI apanI vyavasthA ke anurUpa tathA eka nizcita krama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI hai| vyakti ke nahIM cAhane para bhI jIvana meM pratikUla paristhitiyoM AtI hai, jo sAdhaka jIvana kI ina anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko pudgala kI pariNati samajhakara inase aprabhAvita, akSobhita aura anAhata rahatA hai vahI apane ko duHkhoM aura tanAvoM se mukta rakha sakatA hai| vastutaH niyativAda naitikatA kI virodhI vicAradhArA nahIM hai, apitu eka anAsakta jIvana dRSTi nirmANa kI eka Avazyaka zarta hai| niyativAda kA mukhya uddezya naitikatA kA apalApa karanA nahIM, kintu anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM citta ke samatva kI sAdhanA ko sIkhAnA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki sambhAvapUrNa anAsakta jIvana dRSTi ke nirmANa ke lie gItA meM bhI zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko yahI upadeza diyA thaa| jo vicAraka yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki niyativAda aura naitika dAyitva meM paraspara virodha hai, ve niyativAda ke prayojana ko hI nahIM samajhate hai| cAhe naitika dAyitva aura niyativAda meM aMtaravirodha ho, kintu yadi naitika aura dhArmika sAdhanA kA uddezya cittavRtti kA samatva mAnA jAya to usakI upalabdhi ke lie hameM niyativAdI jIvana-dRSTi ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| 8. isibhAsiyAI, 11/3 9. vahI, 11 kA gadyabhAga 10. bhagavadgItA 18/6, 17

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana jaina darzana meM bhI karmavipAka ke saMdarbha meM kisI sImA taka isa niyativAdI dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM puruSArthavAda kintu uparokta niyativAdI avadhAraNA puruSArtha kI virodhI nahIM hai| niyati aura puruSArtha vastutaH do jIvana dRSTiyA~ hai / ghaTita ghaTanAoM ke saMdarbha meM niyativAdI jIvana dRSTi hI hameM citta zAMti pradAna kara sakatI hai, kintu jahA~ taka hamAre vartamAna kA prazna hai usa saMdarbha meM puruSArtha Avazyaka hai| kyoMki vartamAna kA puruSArtha hI bhaviSya kA AdhAra banatA hai| RSibhASita meM niyativAdI ke sAtha-sAtha puruSArthavAda kA bhI . pratipAdana upalabdha hotA hai| 129 RSibhASita ke aMtima paitAlIsaveM adhyAya kI aMtima gAthA spaSTarUpa se puruSArthavAda kA pratipAdana karatI hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra puSpa kA abhilASI puSpa ke Adi kAraNa arthAt bIja kI rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka ko svayaM meM prakaTa hone vAlI parAkrama zakti kA samyak prakAra se saMyama meM upayoga karanA caahiye|11 niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kA samarthana RSibhASita niyati aura puruSArtha meM kisa prakAra samanvaya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai isa saMbaMdha meM eka suspaSTa dRSTikoNa upalabdha karatA hai| naveM adhyAya meM mahAkAzyapa kahate haiM ki "baddha spRSTa, niddhata karmoM meM upakrama, utkarSa, saMkSobha aura kSaya ho sakatA hai kintu nikAzcit karma kA to anubhava karanA hI par3atA hai / dehadhAriyoM kI sthiti alpa hai aura unake duSkRta atyAdhika haiN| ataH pUrva meM baddha karmoM kI samApti ke lie duSkara tapa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM eka ora vaha kucha karmoM ke phalavipAka ko aparihArya mAnakara niyativAda kA samarthana karatA hai to dUsarI ora kucha karmoM ko phalabhoga kiye binA hI samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha kahakara puruSArthavAda kA samarthana karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kucha karmoM kA phala vipAka niyata hotA hai aura kucha karmoM kA phala - vipAka aniyata / karmoM ke vipAka kI isa aniyatA meM hI puruSArtha kA mUlya evaM mahatva spaSTa hotA hai| yadi AtmA meM isa puruSArtha ko saMbhava nahIM mAnA jAyegA to sAdhanA saMbaMdhI samasta upadeza nirarthaka ho jaayegaa| ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki dharma aura naitikatA ke kSetra meM athavA karma siddhAnta ke saMdarbha meM niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda donoM hI Avazyaka hai / vyavahArika jIvana ke kSetra meM bhI na to mAtra 11. bhagavadgItA, 45/53 12. vahI, 9 / 12, 14

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130 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI puruSArtha se hI sabhI kucha hotA hai aura na mAtra niyati ko hI saba kucha mAna lene para kArya siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana meM niyati aura puruSArtha kA samyak samanvaya hI hameM yathArtha dRSTi pradAna kara sakatI hai| hamAre jIvana meM niyati aura puruSArtha kA kyA sthAna hai ise DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne eka suMdara rUpaka ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| ve likhate hai ki "jIvana eka tAza ke khela kI taraha hai, patte hameM bA~Ta diye gaye haiM, hamako kaise patte mile aura kaise nahIM mile, isa para hamArA koI adhikAra nahIM hai, yahA~ taka hama para niyati-vAda kA zAsana hai kintu jo bhI patte hameM mile haiM unase eka acchA khela bhI khelA jA sakatA hai aura eka burA khela bhI khelA jA sakatA haiN| yaha saMbhava hai ki acche patte hone para bhI eka burA khilAr3I hAra sakatA hai aura bure patte hone para bhI eka acchA khilAr3I bAjI jIta sakatA hai|3 vastutaH patte milanA yahA~ taka niyati kA zAsana hai kintu una pattoM se kaisA khela khelanA yaha puruSArtha kA kSetra hai| isIlie RSibhASita ke Ardraka nAmaka aTThAvIsaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki "A~khoM meM aMjana kA kSaya, valmika kA saMcaya aura madhu kA saMgraha saba prayatnapUrvaka hI hotA hai isalie saMyama ke kSetra meM puruSArthI honA caahiye| he suvihita puruSa! jo kSaNa, stoka aura muhUrta jaise alpakAla ke lie jIvana bhara prayAsa karate haiM, unakI asIma phala prApti kA to kahanA hI kyA? isase yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita puruSArtha ko bhI apekSita mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI yaha hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki RSibhASita jisa puruSArtha kA samarthana karatA hai vaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA yA Atmavizuddhi ke lie honA caahiye| sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM athavA sukha-suvidhAoM ke lie kiye gaye puruSArtha ko mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAnatA haiN| RSibhASita kA nivRttimArgI jIvana darzana hama pUrva meM yaha saMketa kara cuke haiM ki RSibhASita meM puruSArtha kA samarthana to upalabdha hai, kintu vaha jisa prakAra ke puruSArtha kA nirdeza karatA hai vaha jIvana kI bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke kSetra meM kiyA gayA puruSArtha na hokara saMyama sAdhanA aura tapa sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kiye jAne vAle puruSArtha se saMbaMdhita haiN| RSibhASita ke kUrmAputra nAmaka sA~taveM adhyayana meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki "sAdhaka pravrajita hokara sarvottama artha arthAt mokSa ke lie puruSArtha kreN|15 isI prakAra mAtaMga nAmaka 13. (a) "jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi"-DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 292 (ba)"bhagavatagItA"-DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 053 14. aMjaNasa khayaM dissa, vammIyassa ya sNcyN| madhussa ya samAhAra, ujjamo saMjame vrN|| khaNathovamuttamantaraM, suvihita, pAUNamappakAliyAM tassa vi vipule phalAgame, kiM puNa je siddhi prkkme|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 28/22, 24 15. kAmaM akAmakArI, attatAe privve| sAvajaM NirakjeNaM pariNAe parikvaejjAsi tti nemi|| -vahI, 7/5

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131 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana chabbIsaveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka dharma ke vividha aMgoM kI sAdhanA meM niyukta hokara dhyAna aura adhyayana parAyaNa bne|6 punaH sAriputta nAmaka ar3atIsaveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra vyAdhi kA nAza karane ke lie vaidya dvArA nirdezita sukhada aura duHkhada auSadhiAyoM kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai, usI taraha sAdhaka moha kA kSaya karane ke lie sukhada yA du:khada sAdhanA kreN|17 __isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM upadiSTa puruSArtha bhogaparaka na hokara nivRttiparaka hai| RSibhASita ke pratyeka adhyAya ke aMta meM yahI kahA gayA hai ki "jo sAdhaka isa prakAra kI sAdhanA karatA hai siddha, buddha, virata, niSpApa, jitendriya, aura apanI AtmA kA pUrNa trAtA banatA hai aura punaH isa saMsAra meM nahIM AtA hai aisA meM kahatA huuN|8 pratyeka adhyAya kI isa puSpikA se yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASitakAra kI jIvanadRSTi nivRttiparaka haiM yahA~ taka ki bIsaveM utkalavAdI nAmaka adhyayana jo ki bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kA samarthaka hai, meM bhI yahI puSpikA dI gaI hai| isase spaSTarUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki RSibhASita kI jIvanadRSTi nivRttimArgI hI hai| yadyapi RSibhASita kA jIvana darzana nivRttimArgI hai aura vaha tapa tyAga kA hI anumodana karatA hai kintu usake isa nivRttimArgI jIvana darzana kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha daihika mUlyoM kA pUrNataH niSedhaka hai| RSibhASita ke hI sAriputta nAmaka ar3atIsaveM adhyAya meM daihika mUlyoM kI bhI eka sImA taka upayogitA svIkAra kI gaI hai, vaha zarIra ke vinAza kI nahIM balki usake saMrakSaNa kI bAta kahatA hai| isI prakAra vaizramaNa kahate haiM ki "A~kha meM aMjana lagAnA, ghAva para lepa karanA, lAkha ko tapAnA aura bANa ko jhukAnA ye saba kArya kisI ucita prayojana ke lie hI kiye jAte haiM, usI prakAra sAdhaka saMyama ke pAlana karane hetu kSudhA kI tIvra Aga kA pratikAra karane ke lie AhAra Adi grahaNa karatA hai kyoMki aisA AhAra saMyama ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hotA hai ataH vaha ucita hai|20 ambaDa nAmaka paccIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra sArathI ratha kA bhAravAhana karane ke lie dhurA 16. mehuNaM tu na gacchejjA, Neva geNhe priggh| dhammaMgehiM NijuttehiM, jhaannjjhaaynnpraaynno|| -isibhAsiyAI, 26/5 17. vAhikkhayAya dukkhaM vA, suhaM vA NANadesiyA mohakkhayAya emeva, duhaM vA jai vA suh|| -vahI, 38/n 18. 'isibhAsiyAI' 1-45/aMtima bhAga 19. vahI, 38/2 20. akkhovaMgo, vaNe levo, tAvaNaM jaM jaussa yA NAmaNaM usuNo jaMca, juttito kajja kaarnn|| AhArAdIpaDIkAro, svvnnnnuvynnaahito| appAhu tivvavaNhissa, saMjamaTThAe sNjmo|| -vahI, 45/48, 49

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 132 kI surakSA karatA hai| lAkSAkAra lAkha se AbhUSaNa banAne ke lie lAkha ko tapAtA hai usI prakAra nirgrantha sAdhaka vedanA nivRtti sevA, IrSyA samiti kA pAlana, saMyama kA nirvAha, jIvana ke rakSaNa aura dharma cintana ke lie AhAra karatA hai| 1 sAriputta nAmaka ar3atIsaveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki "jisa sukha se sukha prApta hotA hai vahI Atyantika sukha hai aura aisA sukha vareNya bhI hai kintu jisa sukha se duHkha kI prApti hotI ho usa sukha kA mujhe samAgama na ho arthAt aisA sukha vareNya nahIM hai / 22 sAriputta ke isa kathana kA Azaya yaha hai ki ve saba sukhAnubhUtiyA~ jo ki anubhUti meM sukhada hokara bhI jinakA pariNAma sukhada na ho, ve sAdhaka ke lie vareNya nahIM hai| prazna anubhUti kI sukhadatA yA duHkhadatA kA nahIM hai, prazna unake vipAka kI sukhadatA aura duHkhadatA kA haiM deha kA saMrakSaNa aura bhautika sukhoM kI anubhUti usI sImA taka kSamya mAnI gaI hai, jaba taka ki usake pariNAma duHkhada na hoM yA ve vyakti ke citta kI asamAdhi kA karaNa na bneN| sAriputta kI dRSTi meM sAdhaka ke lie mukhya lakSya citta kI samAdhi hai, jisa prakAra sukhAnubhUti kA sAriputta virodha nahIM krte| ve usa prakAra kI sukhAnubhUti kA virodha karate haiM jisake kAraNa Asakti aura tRSNA bar3hatI ho athavA citta kI samAdhi bhaMga hotI ho| ve to spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki manojJa bhojana, manojJa zayyAsana suMdara AvAsa meM rahakara yadi bhikSu samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna karatA ho to una sabakA upayoga unake lie varjita nahIM hai, kyoMki sAdhaka kA mukhya lakSya to citta samAdhi yA cittazAMti hI hai| yadi amanojJa bhojana karake aura amanojJa zayyAsana kA upabhoga karake aura asuMdara AvAsa meM rahakara bhikSu duHkhapUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai arthAt usakI samAdhi aura cittazAnti vicalita rahatI hai to aisA kaSTa kara jIvana bhI usake lie ucita nahIM hai| 23 yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM kucha RSi to avazya hI aise haiM jo . spaSTarUpa se dehadaNDana rUpa nivRttimArga kA niSedha karate haiM aura yaha mAnate haiM ki usa sImA taka daihika mUlyoM kA saMrakSaNa bhI Avazyaka hai jisa sImA taka unase sAdhaka kI citta samAdhi yA mAnasika zAMti bhaMga na hotI ho / uparyukta saMdarbhoM meM yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki RSibhASita ke kucha RSi to avazya hI aise haiM jo dehadaNDana rUpa nivRttimArga ke samarthaka nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki RSibhASita usa zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hai, jo mUlataH sanyAsImArgI yA nivRttimArgI hai, kintu isa nivRtti kA prayojana sadaiva hI cittasamAdhi yA cittazAMti rahA hai| isalie adhikAMza zramaNa paraMparA ke RSiyoM kA upadeza yahI rahA hai ki sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM ke prati usa Asakti 21. 'isibhAsiyAI' 25/6 gadyabhAga 22. vahI, 38 / 1 23. vahI, 38/2, 3

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 133 yA tRSNA kA parityAga kiyA jAya, jo sAdhaka kI citta samAdhi ko, usakI Atmika prasannatA ko bhaMga karatI hai| yahA~ virodha bhogoM kA nahIM apitu unase utpanna tRSNA aura Asakti kA hai| RSibhASita kI nivRttimArgI jIvanadRSTi hameM mAtra yahI saMketa karatI hai ki jahA~ taka bhotika jIvana kA mUlya, deha saMrakSaNa aura citta samAdhi meM sAdhaka haiM vahA~ taka ve nikRSTa nahIM kahe jA sakate, kintu yadi unake kAraNa citta kI samAdhi bhaMga hotI hai, tRSNA aura Asakti kA udaya hotA hai tathA manuSya kI AkaMkSA usake vyaktitva ko jarjarita karane lagatI hai to aise bhoga yA sAMsArika anubhUtiyA~ nikRSTa haiN| RSibhASita meM vardhamAna nAmaka unnatIsaveM adhyaya meM bhI isI bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki " saccA sAdhaka iMdriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM para na to Asakta hotA hai aura na amanojJa viSayAM para ghRNA hI karatA haiM isa prakAra jo bhoga aura tyAga donoM meM hI jAgRta rahakara avirodha pUrvaka unakA sevana karatA hai, vaha karma srota ko roka detA haiM / 24 yahA~ hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita kI jIvanadRSTi bhogavAda yA vairAgyavAda athavA pravRtti yA nivRtti ke madhya eka samyaka saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa karatI hai| RSibhASita daihika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa ko usI sImA taka svIkAra karatA hai jisa sImA taka ve vyakti kI citta samAdhi aura saMyama sAdhanA meM sAdhaka banate haiN| jisa prakAra eka janasevaka usa sImA taka apane zarIra Adi kI surakSA karatA hai jisa sImA taka vaha use usake sevA kArya ke lie yogya banAe rakhatA hai| isI prakAra eka saMnyAsI bhI apane zarIra kA usa sImA taka saMrakSaNa karatA hai jaba taka vaha usakI Atma sAdhanA va loka maMgala meM sahAyaka banatI hai| RSibhASita meM Ahara grahaNa aura AhAra tyAga ke chaH chaH kAraNoM kI jo carcA hai, usase isa tathya ko spaSTarUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai / 25 naitika mAnadaNDa sAmAnyatayA hiMsA, jhUTha asatya corI vyabhicAra Adi ko RSibhASita meM durAcAra kI koTi meM ginA gayA aura unase virata rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura ina cAra kaSAyoM ko bhI tathA inake AdhAra ke rUpa meM rAgadveSa ko bhI anaitika yA durAcAra ke aMtargata vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM kisI karma ke naitika yA anaitika hone ke AdhAra kyA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM naitikatA yA anaitikatA kI 24. 'isibhAsiyAI' 29/3-10 25. vahI, 25/6 gadyabhAga

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134 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI kasauTI kyA hai? kyoM hama kinhIM karmoM ko naitika aura kinhIM karmoM ko anaitika mAnate haiN| RSibhASita meM spaSTarUpa se to isa prazna kA koI uttara nahIM diyA gayA hai| kintu yadi hama usameM upalabdha vivaraNoM para vicAra kareM to hameM usameM sadAcAra aura durAcAra ke saMdarbha meM kucha kasauTiyA~ upalabdha ho jAtI hai| yaha pUrva meM hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki RSibhASita nivRttimArgI paraMparA kA graMtha hai| usakA carama sAdhya nirvANa kI prApti hai| nirvANa hI duHkha vimukti kA sUcaka hai ataH hama spaSTarUpa se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM kisI karma ke anaitika mAnane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki usake kAraNa svayaM usa karma ke kartA ko aura dUsare vyaktiyoM ko du:kha prApta hotA haiN| ve sabhI karma jo vyakti aura samAja ke lie mAnasika athavA bhautika du:khoM ke kAraNa banate haiM, anaitika mAne jA sakate haiN| RSibhASita ke paMdrahaveM adhyAya meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra meM pUrvakRta pApakarma hI du:kha kA mUla hai| dUsare zabdoM meM duHkha kA mUla pApa hai| isalie bhikSu pApa karma ke nirodha ke lie samyak AcaraNa kreN| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM duHkha aura duHkha vimukti yahI karma ke naitika aura anaitika hone kA AdhAra hai| jo karma vyakti svayaM ko aura dUsare vyaktiyoM ko duHkha pradAna karatA hai, vaha anaitika hai aura ve sabhI karma svayaM usa vyakti ke aura dUsare vyaktiyeM ke du:khoM kA nAza karate haiM ve naitika haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki duHkha kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai? kyoMki du:kha kA mUla kAraNa hI anaitikatA kA AdhAra hogA, isake viparIta duHkha vimukti kaise ho sakatI hai yahI eka aisA tathya hai ki jo naitikatA * kA AdhAra bana sakatA hai| RSibhASita ke prathama adhyAya meM yahI batAyA gayA hai ki "nirmamatva, vimukti aura virati kA anusaraNa karanA cAhiye kyoMki yahI duHkha vimukti ke AdhAra hai|8 ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM bhI sukha aura duHkha hI naitikatA aura anaitikatA ke AdhAra haiM, kintu naitikatA ke isa bAhya AdhAra ke sAtha-sAtha RSibhASita ke ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki ajJAna hI parama duHkha hai| ajJAna hI bhaya kA kAraNa hai, ajJAna hI saMsAra hai|29 isake viparIta ajJAna kA parivarjana karake jJAna ke AdhAra para sarva du:khoM kA aMta kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH eka anya dRSTi se hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita sukha-du:kha kI anubhUtimUlaka kasauTI ke sAtha-sAtha jJAna aura 26. saMsAre duHkhamUlaM tu, pAvaM kammaM purekddN| . pAvakammaNirodhAya, samma bhikkhu privve|| -'isibhAsiyAI' 15/6 27. vahI, 15/6 28. vahI, 1/1 29. vahI, 21/1

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135 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana ajJAna kI kasauTI ko bhI naitikatA kA AdhAra banAtA hai| ve sabhI karma jo ajJAna se prasUta haiM, ve saba anaitika haiM aura isake viparIta jo karma jJAnamUlaka haiM, ve du:kha kA prahANa karane meM samartha hone ke kAraNa naitika mAne jA sakate haiN| gAthApati nAmaka ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM gAthApati putra taruNa RSi spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jJAna mUlaka jIva caturgati rUpa saMsAra kA nAza kara dete haiM isalie meM bhI ajJAna kA parityAga karake aura jJAna ko prApta karake saba duHkhoM kA ata karU~gA aura saba duHkhoM kA aMta karake ziva, acala aura zAzvatapada meM sthita houNgaa|3deg uparyukta kathana meM jJAna se du:khoM kA nAza hotA hai yaha kaha kara pAzcAtya naitika darzana kA sukhavAdI aura buddhivAdI paraMparAoM ke bIca samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki hama karma pariNAma kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to ve sabhI karma jo du:khada hai anaitika hai aura ve sabhI karma jo sukhada hai naitika haiN| kintu yadi hama karma preraka kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to ve sabhI karma jo ajJAnajanya mamatva yA Asakti se nizrita hote haiM anaitika mAne jAyeMge aura isake viparIta jo karma anAsakti, nirmamatva aura jJAnapUrvaka kiye jAte haiM, ve naitika kahe jAte haiN| pAzcAtya naitika darzana meM karma kI naitikatA aura anaitikatA kI kasauTI ko lekara eka dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki jisa karma ko samAja kA samarthana prApta hai vaha naitika hai aura jo karma samAja ke dvArA amAnya kiyA gayA hai vaha anaitika hai kintu RSibhASita naitikatA kI isa kasauTI ko mAnya nahIM karatA hai, RSibhASita ke sAtaveM adhyAya meM kUrmAputra spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "janavAda trAtA nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki durAcaraNa hamArI samAdhi kA nAza karatA hai|" cAhe koI karma jana sAdhAraNa ke dvArA anumodita ho kintu yadi vaha vyakti kI citta samAdhi ko bhaMga karatA hai to vaha kUrmAputra kI dRSTi meM anaitika hI mAnA gayA hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "jo durita AcaraNa karate haiM ve samAdhi kA nAza karate haiN|32 RSibhASita ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ve sabhI karma jo vyakti aura samAja kI samAdhi yA zAMti meM sAdhaka haiM, ve naitika haiM aura ve sabhI karma jo vyakti aura samAja meM azAMti utpanna karate haiM, ve anaitika haiN| vastutaH sabhI zramaNa paraMparAe~ samatva yA samAdhi ko hI naitikatA kI kasauTI mAnakara calatI haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM to dharma ko paribhASita karate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki "AryajanoM ne samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai|"33 samabhAva arthAt samAdhi meM jo bhI sAdhaka banatA hai vaha saba AcaraNa naitika AcaraNa kI koTi - 30. isibhAsiyAI, 21/gadyabhAga pR. 78 31. jaNavAdo Na tAejjA acthittaM tvsNjme| samAdhiM ca virAheti, je riTaThacariyaM cre|| 32. vahIM, 7/1 33. samyiAe dhamme, AyariehiM pveie| -'isibhAsiyAI' 7/2 -AcArAMgasUtra 5/3 uddezaka

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI meM AtA hai| krodha mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi kaSAya aura hiMsA jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya Adi duSpravRttiyA~ isalie anaitika mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki ve na kevala vaiyaktika samAdhi kA bhaMga karatI hai, apitu sAmAjika samAdhi arthAt sAmAjika zAMti ko bhI bhaMga karatI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita sukha duHkha aura viveka - aviveka kI kasauTiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha samatva ko bhI naitikatA kI eka kasauTI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| 136 pAzcAtya mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM ne kisI karma kI naitikatA aura anaitikatA kA AdhAra Atma cetanatA, vivekazIlAta aura saMyama ko mAnA hai| mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM meM isa prazna ko lekara avazya matabheda haiM ki Atma cetanatA, vivekazIlatA aura saMyama meM se kisa guNa ko naitikatA kA AdhAra mAnA jAya / 34 kintu yadi hama ina tInoM guNoM ko eka sAtha naitikatA kA AdhAra mAneM to mAnavatAvAdI vicAraNA aura RSibhASita eka dUsare ko kAphI nikaTa pratIta hote haiN| RSibhASita meM pramAda arthAt AtmacetanA kA abhAva, mithyAtva arthAt vivekazIlatA kA abhAva, anivRtti arthAt saMyama ke abhAva ko karmAdAna arthAt anaitikatA kA kAraNa mAnA hai / 35 smaraNa rahe ki yahA~ kaSAya kA aMtarbhAva pramAda meM aura yoga kA aMtarbhAva anivRtti meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH koI manuSya kevala isalie manuSya nahIM kahA jAtA ki usakA eka viziSTa prakAra kA zArIrika AkAra prakAra hai| jaba hama manuSya ko pazu se pRthaka karate haiM to hamAre sAmane tIna hI kasauTiyA~ hotI hai / jahA~ pazu meM Atma cetanA, vivekazIlatA aura AtmasaMyama ke sAmarthya kA abhAva hotA hai| vahA~ manuSya meM ye tInoM guNa pAye jAte haiN| vastutaH ye tIna guNa hI manuSya ko pazu se pRthak karate haiN| ataH kisI karma ke saMpAdana meM ina tIna guNoM kI upasthiti usa karma ko naitika banA detI hai| jabaki ina tIna guNoM kA abhAva use anaitika banA detA hai| AtmacetanA, vivekazIlatA aura AtmaniyaMtraNa nizcaya hI aise guNa hai, jinheM hama naitikatA aura anaitikatA kI kasauTI banA sakate haiN| RSibhASita ke uparokta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita bhI naitikatA kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM ina tIna guNoM ko svIkara karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki - RSibhASita meM naitika mAnadaNDa kA nirUpaNa aneka dRSTikoNoM se huaa| naitika mUlyAMkana kA AdhAra bAhya ghaTanA aura manovRtti naitika mAnadaNDa ke saMdarbha meM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki zubha aura azubha ke saMdarbha meM RSibhASita kevala bAhya ghaTanA ke AdhAra para karma kA mUlyAMkana na karake usake AMtarika bhAvapakSa ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai| RSibhASita meM asitadevala RSi spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki " jo AtmA rAga-dveSa se abhibhUta hokara 34. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1, pR. 101 35. 'isibhAsiyAI' 9/5

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 137 sUkSma athavA sthUla prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, vahI pApa karma se lipta hotA hai|36 isI prakAra parigraha ke saMdarbha meM bhI asitadevala kahate haiM ki "jo sAdhaka mUrchA yA Asakti ke doSa se yukta hokara alpa yA adhika parigraha ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha pApa karmoM se lipta hotA hai|"37 RSibhASita meM asitadevala ke uparokta kathana se spaSTarUpa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hiMsA aura parigraha ke saMdarbha meM bAhya tathyoM kI apekSa AMtarika vRtti hI mahattvapUrNa hai| hiMsA tabhI hiMsA hotI hai jaba prANavadha kI ghaTanA ke sAtha vadhika rAga dveSa se yukta ho| isI prakAra koI bhI vastu parigraha tabhI banatI hai jabaki vyakti kA usake prati mUrchA yA Asakti kA bhAva ho| yaha satya hai ki hiMsA Adi pApakarma tabhI baMdhana kAraka hote haiM jaba usake pIche vyakti kI manovRtti rAga-dveSa se yukta hotI hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita kisI karma ke naitika mUlyAMkana kA AdhAra vyakti kI pravRtti ko na banAkara usakI vRtti ko banAtA hai| yaha satya hai ki sAmAnyatayA koI bhI pravRtti vRtti kA anusaraNa karatI hai kintu naitika jIvana ke kSetra meM kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki vRtti aura pravRtti meM aMtara hotA hai| jaba vRtti aura pravRtti meM aMtara ho, usa sthiti meM pravRtti kI apekSA vRtti hI naitika mUlyAMkana kA viSaya hotI haiN| kisI karma ko naitika kasauTI para kasate samaya hameM mukhya rUpa se bAhya ghaTanA ko nahIM, apitu karma preraNA aura kartA ke manobhAvoM ko hI dekhanA hotA hai| RSibhASita ke caturtha adhyAya meM yaha spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki "jisa jJAna ke dvArA maiM apanI AtmA ko pahacAna sakU~ vahIM jJAna acala aura zAzvata hai|"38 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kI pahacAna vyakti kI aMtarAtmA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| sAmAnyatayA dUsarA vyakti to karma kA mUlyAMkana karma ke bAhya svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI karatA hai| kintu usakA mUlyAMkana sadaiva saphala nahIM hotA kyoMki vyakti ke AMtarika manobhAvoM yA vRtti ke draSTA to usakI hI apanI AtmA hotI hai| ataH yadi hama kisI karma kA samyak mUlyAMkana karanA cAhate haiM to hameM vyakti kI pravRtti aura vRtti donoM para hI vicAra karanA hogaa| kinatu yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki pravRtti aura vRtti meM vRtti hI mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| punaH isa vRtti ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA mUlyAMkana dUsare kisI vyakti ke dvArA na hokara apanI antarAtmA kI sAkSI se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: naitika mUlyAMkana meM vyakti kI aMtarAtmA kA kArya hI sabase mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| RSibhASita meM agirasa RSi spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "vyakti apane sukRta aura duSkRta ko svayaM hI jAnatA hai| koI dUsarA 36. isibhAsiyAI,3/1 37. isibhAsiyAI,3/2 38. isibhAsiyAI,4/3

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138 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI vyakti kisI ke acche aura bure karmoM ko nahIM jAna sktaa| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki AtmA hI apane sukRta aura duSkRta kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakatA hai| dUsare vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA kisI vyakti kA naitika mUlyAMkana Avazyaka nahIM ki satya hI ho| aMgirasa RSi spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "bAharI duniyA vAle to kalyANakArI ko pApakArI batAte haiM aura pApakArI ko sadAcArI batAte haiN| ataH karma ke mUlyAMkana meM aMtarAtmA kI bhUmikA hI sabase pradhAna hotI hai| isalie aMgirasa kA aMtima nirdeza yahI hai, ki jo vyakti svayaM hI apane AcAra kI samyak rUpa se samIkSA karatA hai aura sadaiva dharma mArga meM supratiSThita rahatA hai vaha jIvana kI sandhyA meM pazcAtApa nahIM krtaa| karma ke mUlyAMkana meM saMkalpa kA pakSa kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai| ise spaSTa karate hue aMgirasa RSi kahate haiM ki "pUrva rAtri aura apara rAtri meM saMkalpoM ke dvArA jo bhI sukRta athavA duSkRta hotA hai vaha kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke mUlyAMkana meM saMkalpa kI bhUmikA hI pradhAna hotI hai, bAhya ghaTanAe~ nhiiN| prastuta saMdarbha meM jo pUrva rAtri aura apara rAtri kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| dina meM to sAmAnyatayA bAhaya rUpa se jo kucha karatA hai, dUsare logoM ke lie sAmAnyatayA usakA vahI sukRta yA duSkRta mUlyAMkana kA viSaya banatA hai kintu rAtri meM jaba vyakti soyA huA hotA haiM, taba bAhya ghaTanAe~ nahIM saMkalpa hI mukhya hote haiN| usameM bhI madhya rAtri kI gaharI nIMda ko chor3akara pUrva aura apara rAtri meM saMkalpa vikalpoM kI daur3a bhAga sarvAdhika hotI hai aura hamArI dRSTi meM saMkalpoM kI isa sakriyatA ko aura usake naitika mahattva ko spaSTa karane ke lie hI aMgirasa ne vizeSarUpa se pUrva rAtri aura apara rAtri ke saMkalpoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM isa samasta carcA kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki RSibhASita meM saMkalpa hI naitika mUlyAMkana kA viSaya hai aura isa saMkalpa kA naitika mUlyAMkana vyakti apanI sajaga AtmA ke dvArA kara sakatA hai| -0 39. isibhAsiyAI, 4/12 40. vahI, 4/13 41. vahI, 4/10 42. vahI, 4/11

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 139 saptama adhyAya RSibhASita kA sAdhanA mArga hama spaSTa rUpa se yaha dekha cuke haiM ki RSibhASita kI samasta sAdhanA kA lakSya nirvANa kI prApti hai| nirvANa kA sAmAnya tAtparya du:kha kI samApti hai aura yaha samApti janma-maraNa ke cakra se Upara uTha jAne meM hI mAnI gaI hai| RSibhASita ke pratyeka RSi apane upadeza ke aMta meM yahI kahatA hai ki "isa prakAra kA AcaraNa karane se vyakti virata-pApa hokara siddha-buddha ho jAtA hai aura punaH isa saMsAra meM nahIM AtA hai|' yadyapi isa nirvANa yA siddhAvasthA kI prApti hetu RSibhASita ke pratyeka RSi ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se sAdhanA mArga kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kisI ne krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpI kaSAyoM ke jaya ko pramukhatA dI hai to kisI ne iMdriyoM ke saMyama ko pradhAnatA dI hai| koI samyakatva ko pramukha mAnatA hai, to koI ajJAna kA nivAraNa karake jJAna kI prApti ko hI duHkha vimukti kA upAya batAtA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM sAdhanA mArga kI dRSTi se vividhatAe~ haiN| yahA~ taka ki sAdhanA mArga kI dRSTi se usameM paraspara virodhI vicAra bhI pAye jAte haiN| usameM koI zraddhA kA pATha par3hAtA hai to koI azraddhA ko hI pramukha mAnatA hai| kisI ke anusAra kaThora tapa yA deha daNDana hI nirvANa kI prApti kA upAya hai to koI suvidhApUrNa jIvana ke mAdhyama se hI duHkha vimukti ko saMbhava mAnatA hai| kisI ke lie duHkhoM ko sahana karake hI nirvANa kA sukha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai to kisI kI dRSTi meM sukha dvArA hI AtyAntika sukha arthAt nirvANa kI prApti saMbhava mAnI gayI hai| koI tapa para bala detA hai to koI dhyAna pr| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM nirvANa mArga yA sAdhanA mArga ke saMdarbha meM vividha dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM aura paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa bhI milate haiN| RSibhASita ke kisa RSi ne kisa pakSa para, adhika bala diyA hai, usakA saMkSipta vivaraNa kramazaH nimna paMktiyoM meM prastuta kara rahe haiM 1- 'isibhAsiyAI', 1/antabhAga, pR.

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140 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 1. nAdara RSi dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga nArada RSi ke anusAra zauca hI mokSa kA pradAtA hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki zauca arthAt pavitratA se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM hai| yadyapi pavitratA yA zauca se unakA tAtparya zArIrika zuddhi na hokara manovRtti kI zuddhi se haiN| zauca ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne ahiMsA, satya, adattAdAna, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko hI zauca kahA hai| kintu aMta meM satya, datta (acaurya) aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko bhI mukti kA mArga kahA hai|' | 2. vajjiyaputta dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga vajjiyaputta ke anusAra vyakti apane ajJAna yA moha ke kAraNa hI baMdhana meM hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki "janma maraNa, duHkha, anirvANa tathA karma saMtati, ina sabhI kA kAraNa moha hai aura isa moha ke mUla meM vyakti kA ajJAna rahA huA hai| ataH isa moha kA vinAza hI vimukti hai|"5 3. asitadevala dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga asitadevala ke anusAra hiMsA, asatya vacana, corI, maithuna, parigraha Adi ko lepa kahA gayA hai arthAt ye hI AtmA ke baMdhana hai| ataH mokSa ke lie ina lepoM (pApa karmoM) se vimukti Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai, kintu isa carcA ke prasaMga meM asitadevala yaha mAnate haiM ki ina samasta pApakarmoM ke mUla meM moha aura Asakti ke tattva rahe hue haiN| ata: moha yA Asakti kA parityAga Avazyaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki "jo rAga-dveSa aura mohAsakti kA parijJAtA hotA hai| vahI janma-maraNa kA nAza kara siddhi ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra asitadevala eka ora jJAna ko, to dUsarI ora saMyama ko mukti kA Avazyaka sAdhana mAnate haiN| 4. aMgirasa RSi kA sAdhanA mArga aMgirasa, baMdhana aura mukti kA saMbaMdha bAhya ghaTanAoM se na jor3akara manuSya kI manovRtti para nirbhara karate haiN| unake anusAra "vyakti svayaM hI apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA jJAtA hotA haiN| ata: unakI dRSTi meM jJAna mukti kA Avazyaka aMga hai aura yaha jJAna-AtmasvabhAva meM jAgRta rahane kI sthiti hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki "zIla 2. isibhAsiyAI, 1/1 gadyabhAga vahI, 1/2 gadyabhAga vahI, 1/3 gadyabhAga 5. vahI, 27,8 6. vahI,3/12 vahI, 3/11 8. vahI, 4/12

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 141 hI jisakA ratha hai, jJAna aura darzana jisake sArathI hai| aise ratha para ArUDha hokara AtmA apane AtmasvabhAva ko upalabdha hotA hai / 19 unake uparyukta kathana ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki aMgirasa ke anusAra jJAna, darzana aura zIla ye tInoM hI mokSa ke mArga hai| jaina darzana meM jisa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra rUpa mokSa mArga kA tathA bauddha darzana meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA rUpa nirvANa mArga kA ullekha hai, usakA hI pUrva saMketa aMgirasa ke upadezoM meM hai| 5. puSpazAla RSi dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga puSpazAla RSi ke anusAra "hiMsA, asatya (jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha tathA krodha, mAnAdi kaSAyoM se virata tathA vinaya guNa saMpanna vyakti mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / "10 isa prakAra unhoMne kaSAya-jaya aura paMca mahAvratI ke pAlana kI AvazyakatA mAnA hai| ye donoM bAte jaina darzana meM bhI svIkRta rahI hai / puSpazAla apane mokSa mArga ke pratipAdana meM do tathyoM ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM-- eka to Atma paryAyoM kA draSTA honA aura dUsarA vinaya kA pAlana karanA / yahA~ AtmaparyAyoM ke dRSTA hone kA tAtparya hai- AtmasAkSI yA AtmadRSTA honA hai yA apane vicAroM aura bhAvanAoM ke prati sajaga honA / vinaya - pAlana kA tAtparya hai - AcAra ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA / 6. valkalacIrI kA sAdhanA mArga valkalacIrI ke anusAra ajJAna hI sabase bar3A baMdhana hai, ataH mukti ke lie jJAna sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki jJAnAMkuza ke binA AtmA mokSa mArga meM gatizIla nahIM ho sakatA hai|" unakI dRSTi meM " anAsakti aura jJAna, yahI mokSa kA mArga hai / 12 7. kurmAputra dvArA upadiSTa sAdhanA mArga kurmAputra ke anusAra " durAcaraNa hI samAdhi kA nAza karatA hai / 113 kintu samAdhi ke prApti ke lie icchA aura AkAMkSAoM se Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki "nirakAMkSa vyakti hI samAdhi yA AdhyAtmika AnaMda ko prApta kara sakatA hai 94 ataH samAdhi kI prApti ke lie kAmanAoM kA parityAga Avazyaka hai aura kAmanAoM kA yaha parityAga kevala AtmacetanatA athavA apramattatA ke dvArA hI saMbhava 114 9. isi bhAsiyAI, 4 / 24 10. vahI, 5 / 2-4 11. vahI, 6/2 12. vahI, 6/1 13. vahI, 7/1 14. vahI, 7/4

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142 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI hai| unakI dRSTi meM "apramattatA hI mokSa kI prApti kA mukhya tattva hai, kyoMki usake dvArA hI kAma ko akAma banAkara vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai|"15 8. ketalIputra dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga ketalIputra ke anusAra rAga dveSa athavA mithyAtva rUpI graMthiyoM kA naSTa ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| ve kahate haiM ki "jisa prakAra rezama kA kIr3A apane svanirmita taMtu ke baMdhanoM ko kATakara mukta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vyakti rAga-dveSa Adi graMthiyoM kA chedana karake mukta ho jAtA hai|16 unakI dRSTi meM "rAga dveSa rUpI isa baMdhana ko jAnakara hI tor3A jA sakatA hai| jo sAdhaka rAgadveSa rUpI graMthiyoM ko jAnakara unakA chedana karatA hai, vahI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| ataH inake anusAra bhI jJAna aura saMyama kA samanvaya hI mokSa mArga siddha hotA hai| 9. mahAkAzyapa dvArA pratipAdita mokSa mArga __ mahAkAzyapa ke anusAra "dukha aura baMdhana kA mUla karma hai"18 yahA~ karma se unakA tAtparya pUrva Acarita puNya aura pApa ke saMskAroM se haiN| unake anusAra puNya aura pApa ke ye saMskAra mithyAtva, anivRtti, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se nirmita hote haiN| ataH janma maraNa kI zrRMkhalA yA duHkha se vimukta hone ke lie karma baMdhana ke ina pAMca kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa Avazyaka hai| isake lie ve saMvara aura nirjarA ko Avazyaka mAnate hai|20 saMvara kA tAtparya mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM kA saMyamana hai to nirjarA kA tAtparya tapa sAdhanA ke dvArA pUrva saMcita karma saMskAroM yA karma vargaNAoM ko samApta karanA hai| ye karma saMskAra kisa prakAra samApta ho, isake lie mahAkAzyapa "yukta-yogI" hone kA nirdeza karate haiN|21 yukta yogI se unakA tAtparya samatva ko prApta karanA hai| isa prakAra ve mokSa ke lie citta kI anukUlatA ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| anukUla paristhitiyoM aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM citta kA samatva hI sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai|22 ataH mokSa mArga ke rUpa meM unheM hama samatva yoga kA pratipAdaka kaha sakate haiN| (1/24, 25)/33) 15. isibhAsiyAI, 7/4 16. vahI, 8/1 17. vahI, 8/1 18. vahI, 9/1 19. vahI, 9/5 20. vahI, 9/8, 10 21. vahI, 9/15 22. vahI, 929

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 10. tetalIputra kA sAdhanA mArga tetalIputra kI mokSa mArga ke saMdarbha meM jo dRSTi hai, vaha RSibhASita ke anya sAdhakoM se bhinna hai| ve ekamAtra aise RSi hai, " jo yaha kahate haiM ki jahA~ anya zramaNa brAhmaNa zraddhA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| vahA~ meM akelA azraddhA kA pratipAdana karatA huuN| 23 isa prakAra tetalIputra ke anusAra azraddhA hI mukti kA mArga hai / kintu yahA~ hameM azraddhA se unakA tAtparya kyA hai, yaha samajha lenA cAhiye / tetalIputra ke anusAra anAsthA kA tAtparya dharma yA sAdhanA ke prati anAsthA nahIM, saMsAra kI vyavasthA kI niyatatA ke prati anAsthA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM unake anusAra saMsAra kA ghaTanAkrama sAMyogika hai aura jo isa saMsAra kI sAMyogikatA ko samajha letA hai, vaha bhaya grasta banatA hai aura bhayagrasta ke lie zrAmaSya ko svIkAra kara lenA hI ekamAtra mArga hai| saMsAra meM aneka bAra akalpita ghaTita ho jAtA hai, ataH saMsAra avizvasanIya hai - saMsAra meM kucha aisA nahIM hai jisakA vizvAsa kiyA jA sake, ataH saMsAra kA parityAga hI zreyaskara hai / 24 11. maMkhalIputra dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga khalIputra mokSamArga kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki "jo mokSamArga ke rUpa meM nivRtti ke svarUpa ko samyak prakAra se jAnatA hai, vaha rAga-dveSa kA nivAraNa kara siddhi ko prApta kareM / 25 yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki maMkhalIputra ke anusAra rAga-dveSa kA nirAkaraNa hI mokSa mArga hai aura yaha rAga dveSa kA nirAkaraNa jJAna ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM, "jo jJAna ko prApta karatA hai vaha nizcaya hI trAtA arthAt AtmarakSaka hotA hai| isa prakAra maMkhalIputra jJAna-mArga ke pravartaka hai| 12. yAjJavalkya kA sAdhanA mArga yAjJavalkya ke anusAra "jahA~ jahA~ lokeSaNA hai, vahA~-vahA~ vitteSaNA hai aura jahA~-jahA~ vitteSaNA hai vahA~ vahA~ lokeSaNA hai| ataH mumukSu AtmA ke lie lokeSaNA aura vitteSaNA kA parityAga karanA hI ucita ha / 27 dUsare zabdoM meM ve mokSa kI prApti ke lie saMnyAsa mArga kI sAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM jo sAdhaka lokeSaNA aura vitteSaNA se Upara uThakara niSkAma bhAva se zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| 23. isibhAsiyAI, 10/1 gadyabhAga 24. vahI, 10 / gadyabhAga 25. vahI, 11/5 26. vahI, 11/1 gadyabhAga 27. vahI, 12 / 1 gadyabhAga 143 13

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144 13. bhayAlI dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga bhayAlI RSi kI dRSTi meM baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai aura ye karma mamatva ke kAraNa hI manuSya ko bA~dhate haiN| ataH nirmamatva kI sAdhanA hI mokSa mArga haiN|28 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI 14. bAhuka ke dvArA upadiSTa mokSa mArga bAhuka RSi kI dRSTi meM jo niSkAma bhAva se tapa yA sAdhanA karatA hai aura niSkAma bhAva se maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, vahI vyakti apanI niSkAmatA ke kAraNa siddhi ko prApta karatA hai| 29 isa prakAra bAhuka RSi kI dRSTi meM niSkAmatA hI mokSa kA mArga hai| 15. madhurAyaNa dvArA pratipAdita mokSa mArga madhurAyaNa kI dRSTi meM duHkhoM kA, jo mUla kAraNa hai, usakA vinAza karanA hI mukti kA sAdhana hai| unake anusAra duHkha ke mUla kAraNa karma mAne gae haiN| ataH karmoM ko samApta karanA hI madhurAyaNa kI dRSTi meM mukti kA ekamAtra upAya hai, kintu puna: yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki karmoM ko samApta kaise kiyA jAye? isake pratyuttara meM madhurAyaNa kahate haiM ki "jisa prakAra dhUma rahita agni, lena-dena se rahita RNa aura maMtra se Ahata viSa, zIghra hI naSTa ho jAte haiM, isI prakAra se naye karmoM kA AdAna athavA Azrava nahIM hone para pUrvArjita karma bhI kSINa hokara naSTa ho jAte haiM / 30 jisa prakAra sUrya kI kiraNoM se pAnI apane svabhAva ko chor3akara USNa ho jAtA hai, kintu una kiraNoM kA sAhacarya samApta kara dene para vaha punaH zItala ho jAtA hai ThIka isI prakAra jaba karma aura AtmA ke bIca kA saMparka samApta kara diyA jAtA hai, to karma bhI samApta ho jAte haiN| 1 punaH karma aura AtmA ke bIca jo saMbaMdha hai vaha Asakti ke kAraNa hai| Asakti samApta hone para yaha saMparka kA sUtra TUTa jAtA hai aura vyakti nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra mokSa kI prApti ke lie anAsakta honA Avazyaka hai| 16. soriyAyaNa kA sAdhanA mArga soriyAyaNa RSi ke anusAra durdAnta indriyoM ke niyaMtraNa meM hone para hI mokSa kI prApti saMbhava hai| ve indriya niyamana ko hI mokSa kA ekamAtra upAya batAte hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki 'iMdriyoM' kA niyamana Avazyaka hai, usI niyamana se rAga 28. vahI, 13/3 29. vahI, 14 / gadyabhAga 30. isi bhAsiyAi, 15/25, 27 31. vahI, 15/27

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RSibhAvita kA dArzanika adhyayana 145 aura dveSa se chuTakArA pAyA jA satA hai|32 isa prakAra soriyAyaNa indriya saMyama ko hI mokSa kA upAya batAte haiN| 17. vidura dvArA pratipAdita sAdhanA mArga vidura RSi mukhyatayA jJAnamArgI he| ve kahate haiM ki jo jJAna AtmabhAvoM kA parijJAtA hotA hai arthAt AtmasAkSI hotA hai vahI jJAna du:kha mocaka hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmajJAna hI mokSa-mArga kA upAya hai| kaunasA jJAna mukti meM sahAyaka hotA hai, ise spaSTa karate hue, ve punaH kahate haiM ki "jo dUsaroM ko jAnatA hai vaha saba usakA sAvadha yoga hai| dUSita vyavahAra hai| baMdhana aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai| isake viparIta jo jJAna AtmA ko jAnatA hai vaha hI mokSa kA upAya hai|''34 saMkSepa meM vidara RSi ke anusAra Atma-jJAna hI mokSamArga hai| 18. vAriSeNa dvArA pratipAdita mokSa mArga vAriSeNa RSi ke anusAra "jo prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApasthAnoM se nivRtta hotA hai, vahI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai|"35 unakI dRSTi meM pApAcaraNa se dUra rahanA hI mukti kA mArga hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ve durAcaraNa se vimukha hone ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana yA upAya batAte haiN| 19. AryAyaNa kA samanvita mokSa mArga AryAyaNa RSi na to ekAnta rUpa se jJAnamArgI hai aura na ekAnta rUpa se cAritra yA saMyamamArgI hai| ve paravartI jaina paraMparA ke samAna jJAna, darzana aura AcaraNa kI samanviti ko hI mokSa-mArga kahate haiN| unake zabdoM meM "Arya kA jJAna aura Arya kA darzana aura Arya kA AcaraNa samyak hotA hai| jo sadaiva Arya karma ko karatA hai aura Arya janoM ke sAnnidhya meM rahatA hai vaha bhavasAgara se mukta ho jAtA hai|"36 20. uktaTavAdiyoM kA nirvANa saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa RSibhASita kA bIsavAM adhyayana sAmAnyatayA bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kA samarthaka hai| phira bhI usameM duHkha vimukti kI carcA hai| usake aMta meM bhI vahI prazasti pAI jAtI hai jo anya adhyayanoM meM hai| isa adhyayana meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jo zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai vaha zarIra ke vinAza hone para du:khoM se mukta ho jAtA 32. isibhAsiyAI, 16/3 33. vahI, 17/2 34. vahI, 17/gadyabhAga 35. vahI, 18/1 gadyabhAga 36. vahI, 19/45 37. vahI, 20/gadyabhAga kA aMta

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146 DaoN. sA vI pramodakumArIjI hai| jisa prakAra jale hue bIjoM meM phira se aMkura nahIM nikalate, ursa prakAra zarIra ke jala jAne para punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI, ataH puNya-pApa ke grahaNa kI aura sukha-duHkha kI saMbhAvanA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai|"38 isa bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi ko bhI zramaNa paraMparA ke aMtargata isalie mAnA jAtA hai ki ye RSi bhI dehAtmakavAda ke samarthaka hote hue bhI bhogavAda ke samarthaka na hokara saMnyAsa mArga ke samarthaka the| ve yaha mAnate the ki zarIra kA tyAga hI du:kha vimukti kA ekamAtra upAya hai aura isalie zarIra kA poSaNa na karake usake zIghrAtizIghra tyAga kA prayatna karanA hI duHkha vimukti kA upAya hai| 21. gAthApati putra kA jJAnamArga ___gAthApati putra taruNa RSi spaSTarUpa se jJAnamArgI hai| ve kahate haiM ki "maiM ajJAna kA parityAga karake jJAna saMpanna hokara samasta du:khoM kA aMta karake ziva, acala, zAzvata, sthiti ko prApta kruuNgaa|" isa samasta adhyAya meM ajJAna kA parityAga evaM jJAna kI sAdhanA para bala diyA gayA haiN| spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jJAna ke yoga se hI sAdhanA saphala hotI hai|''40 ataH taruNa RSi jJAnamArgI hai; isa tathya ko suspaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 22. gardabhAlI kA dhyAna mArga RSibhASita ke 22veM adhyAya meM hameM mukhyarUpa se dhyAnamArga kA pratipAdana milatA hai| gardabhAlI RSi kahate haiM ki "zarIra meM jo sthAna mastaka kA hai aura vRkSa ke lie jar3a kA jo mahattva hai, usI prakAra muni dharma ke lie dhyAna kA mahattva hai|"41 yadyapi isa dhyAna sAdhanA ke lie spaSTarUpa se tathA vistAra se nArI niMdA karate haiN| saMbhavataH unakI dRSTi meM dhyAna yA ekAgratA meM sabase bAdhaka tattva nArI hI rahI hogii| yaha kisI sImA taka satya bhI hai ki nArI puruSa ke citta vicalana kA kAraNa banatI hai| ve kahate haiM ki "ve gAMva aura nagara dhikkAra ke yogya hai jahA~ mahilA zAsana karatI hai| aura ve puruSa bhI dhikkAra ke yogya hai jo nArI ke vazIbhUta haiN|"42 saMbhavataH gardabhAlI ke isa kathana ke pIche yaha dRSTi rahI hogI ki dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM strI arthAt kAma vAsanA hI sabase adhika bAdhaka hotI hai| vaha citta ko caMcala banAtI hai| dhyAna sAdhanA ke saMdarbha meM unhoMne isa tathya ko bhI spaSTarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki "jahA~ svacchandatA hotI hai vahA~ dhyAna sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hotI, kyoMki 38. isibhAsiyAI, 20/gadyabhAga-aMta 39. vahI, 21 gadyabhAga-prAraMbha 40. vahI, 21/10 41. vahI, 22/14 42. vahI, 22/1

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 147 svacchandatA kI sthiti meM citta vRtti kA samatva nahIM rhtaa|"43 isa AdhAra para yaha phalita hotA hai ki yadyapi gardabhAlI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dhyAna ko sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiM, phira bhI dhyAna sAdhanA ke lie ve saMyama ke mahattva ko bhI svIkAra karate haiN| kyoMki asaMyamI ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA duSkara hai| 23. rAmaputta kA caturvidha sAdhanA mArga rAmaputta zramaNa paraMparA ke vizruta RSi hai| unake ullekha jaina aura bauddha donoM paraMparAoM meM prApta hote haiN| bauddha paraMparA meM unheM dhyAna kI eka viziSTha paddhati kA eka prastotA mAnA gayA hai| kintu RSibhASita ke AdhAra para ve caturvidha sAdhanA mArga ke prastotA pratIta hote haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "maiM jJAna se jAnakara, darzana se dekhakara, saMyama se saMyamita hokara aura tapa se aSTavidha karma raja ko vidhuNita kara evaM AtmA ko zodhita kara anAdi-ananta, dIrgha aura caturgati rUpa saMsAra ko pAra karake ziva, acala, arUja, akSaya, AvyAbAdha tathA punarjanma se rahita siddha sthAna ko prApta kruuNgaa|" unake uparyukta kathana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ve caturvidha mokSa mArga ke pratipAdaka haiN| unake isa caturvidha mokSa mArga meM jJAna, darzana, saMyama aura tapa ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina paraMparA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra5 meM tathA darzana prAbhRta meM bhI hameM caturvidha mokSa mArga kA ullekha milatA hai| vahA~ bhI jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ko mokSa mArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| donoM meM aMtara yaha hai ki jahA~ rAmaputta saMyama zabda kA prayoga karate haiM vahA~ uttarAdhyayana aura darzanaprAbhRta cAritra zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| isake atirikta donoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa aMtara yaha hai ki jahA~ uttarAdhyayana darzana ko zraddhA ke artha meM grahaNa karatA hai, vahA~ rAmaputta use anubhUti yA dekhane ke artha meM grahaNa karate haiN| darzana zabda kA anubhUti ke artha me prayoga prAcInatama hai aura isase RSibhASita kI prAcInatA bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| 24. harigiri kA karma vimukti mArga harigiri ke anusAra vyakti apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke dvArA hI baMdhana meM AtA hai ataH karma vimukti hI vyakti kA sAdhya hai| kintu karma se vimukti kisa prakAra prApta kI jAye, yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| harigiri kahate haiM ki "prANI svakIya vicitra karmoM se hI baddha aura mukta hotA hai| jaise rassI se baMdhA huA vyakti dUsaroM ke izAre para calatA hai, usI prakAra karma rUpI rassI se baMdhA huA vyakti saMsAra meM 43. isibhAsiyAI, 23/6 vahI, 23/gadyabhAga 45. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/35 46. darzanaprAbhRta, gAthA naM. 22, 23

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148 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI paribhramaNa karatA hai| unhoMne isa karma rUpI rassI se mukta hone ke lie karma ke vaicitrya ko jAnanA aura samAdhi ko prApta karanA Avazyaka mAnA hai| samAdhi hI vaha sAdhana hai jisake dvArA karmoM se mukta huA jA sakatA hai|48 25. ambaDa kA saMyama sAdhanA mArga ___ ambaDa RSi ke anusAra jiteMdriya aura kSINa kaSAya honA hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| ve kahate haiM ki "yaha kSINa kaSAyatA aura jitendriyatA rAga rahita moha vijetA vyakti me hI pUrNataH hotI hai| rAga yukta AtmA meM to vaha AMzika rUpa se hI ho sakatI hai|'' isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki moha aura rAga se rahita honA hI sAdhanA kA mArga hai| jo AtmA vAsanA janita pApa karmoM meM lipta hai, vaha parAjita AtmA hai isake viparIta jo pApa karma se vimukta hai ve AtmajayI hai|5deg uparyukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ambaDa RSi rAga-dveSa ke prahANa para hI adhika bala dete haiM, kintu isake lie ve jitendriyatA yA saMyama ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM saMyama hI sAdhanA kA sAra hai aura yaha saMyama vItarAgatA kI sthiti meM phalita hotA hai| 26. mAtaMga RSi kA adhyAtma mArga mAtaMga RSi apanI sAdhanA paddhati meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA nirdeza karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "jo apanI indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai, jo satya kA draSTA hai aura zIla kA prekSI hai, vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai| punaH ve kahate haiM ki jo saMyama rUpI hala se aura dhyAna rUpI tIkSNa phala se, AtmarUpI kSetra ko parizuddha karake, tapa rUpI bIja botA hai, vaha saMvara rUpI phAla ko prApta karatA hai| ahiMsA hI jisakA AcaraNa hai-aisI sarva satvoM ke prati dayA bhAva kI dhAraka kRSi ko, jo bhI karatA hai, vaha cAhe brAhmaNa ho cAhe kSatriya, vaizya athavA zudra ho vizuddhatA ko prApta hotA hai| "52 isa samagra carcA kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jo AdhyAtmika maloM ko dUra kara ke sarva satvoM ke prati kArUNya se yukta hokara ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha mukti kA adhikArI banatA tho 47. isibhAsiyAI, 24/37 48. vahI, 24/38 49. vahI, 25/4 gadyabhAga 50. vahI, 25/6 gadyabhAga 51. vahI, 26/6 52. vahI, 26/85

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 27. vArattaka RSi kA dhyAna - svAdhyAya kA sAdhanA mArga vArattaka RSi ke anusAra jo AtmArtha ke lie priya aura apriya ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karatA hai vaha sAdhaka dharmajIvI hotA hai / 53 kintu isa samatva ke upadeza ke sAtha-sAtha ve muni ko sneha baMdhana ko chor3akara apane citta ko dhyAna aura svAdhyAya meM saMlagna rakhane kA upadeza dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki jo apanI cetanA ko vikAroM se rahita karake dhyAna aura svAdhyAya meM lagAtA hai vahI siddhi ko prApta karatA hai / 54 unake uparyukta kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki ve mukhyataH jJAnamArgI hai, kintu adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha dhyAna para unhoMne jo bala diyA hai, usake AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate hai ki ve jJAna aura AcaraNa donoM ko hI mukti kA mArga mAnate haiN| 28. Ardraka kA saMyama mArga Ardraka RSi ke anusAra jo kAma bhogoM meM gRddha hokara pApa karma karate haiM ve caturgati rUpa mahAbhayaMkara saMsAra meM bhaTakate haiM / 55 isake viparIta jo kAma se vimukta ho gae haiM ve zuddha AtmAe~ saMsAra samudra ko pAra kara jAtI hai| unakA kathana hai ki jo vyakti alpa samaya ke lie bhI zubha kriyA karatA hai, vaha usako vipula phala prApta karatA hai| ataH jo mokSa ke lie puruSArtha karate haiM ve to asIma phala ko prApta kareMge hii| 17 isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate hai| ki ve saMyama mArga para adhika bala dete haiN| apane upadezoM meM unakA samasta bala vAsanA se Upara uThane ke lie haiN| ve spaSTarUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki "manuSya kAma vAsanA ke adhIna hokara hI hiMsA, corI Adi karate haiM tathA apanI sampatti aura apane jJAna-vijJAna kA vinAza karate haiN|' 58 ataH vAsanA jaya hI unake sAdhanA mArga kA pramukha tattva hai| 29. vardhamAna kA pApa-vAraNa kA mArga vardhamAna RSi ke anusAra samasta padArthoM se virata, dAnta, samasta pApa karmoM kA nivAraNa karane vAlA sabhI duHkhoM kA aMta kara zIghra hI siddha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai|59 isa prakAra vardhamAna RSi ke anusAra hiMsA parigraha Adi pApa karmoM se 53. isibhAsiyAI, 2717 54. vahI, 27/2 55. vahI, 28/19 56. vahI, 28/18 57. vahI, 28/24 58. vahI, 28/16 59. savattha viraye dante, savvavArIhiM vArie / savvadukkhappahINe ya, siddhe bhavati NIraye / 149 - vahIM, 29/19

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150 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI virata rahanA arthAt ahisaka evaM aparigrahI honA aura saMyama mArga kA pAlana karanA yahI mokSa mArga hai|60 isa adhyAya meM anyatra unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jo mana aura kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karake samyak prakAra se tapa karatA hai, vaha zuddha agni ke samAna daidIpyamAna hotA hai| uparyukta gAthA ke AdhAra para hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki kaSAyoM aura mana para niyaMtraNa rakhanA tathA samyak tapa kI sAdhanA hI Atma vizuddhi kA mArga hai| mokSa mArga kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM isa adhyAya meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta jo kahI gaI hai vaha yaha hai ki indriya nigraha kA tAtparya indriyoM ko apane viSayoM se vimukha kara denA nahIM hai, apitu indriyoM ke dvArA apane viSayoM ke grahaNa karate samaya utpanna hone vAle rAga Ara dvaSa ke manobhAvoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA hai|62 vardhamAna RSi ne isa tathya ko bahuta hI spaSTa tarIke se samajhAAyA hai ki jo apramatta hai, usa sAdhaka kI pAMcoM indriyA~ supta hotI haiM aura jA pramatta hai usa sAdhaka kI pAMcoM indriyA~ sakriya hotI hai|63 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki iMdriyoM kI sakriyatA aura niSkriyatA sAdhaka kI manodazA para nirbhara karatI hai| isalie ve spaSTarUpa se yaha nirdeza dete haiM ki indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM meM sAdhaka rAga nahIM kareM aura amanojJa viSayoM meM dveSa nahIM kreN|64 dUsare zabdoM meM, idriya saMyama kA tAtparya rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM kA nivAraNa hai, jo sAdhaka rAga dveSa kI vRttiyoM se rahita ho jAtA hai vaha mokSa mArga meM parAyaNa hotA hai|65 30. vAyuRSi dvArA prastuta zubhAcaraNa kA saMdeza RSibhASita ke 30veM adhyayana meM vAyuRSi yaha pratipAdana karate haiM ki vyakti jaisA karma karatA hai, vaha usI prakAra ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM yaha saMsAra vyakti ke karmoM kI hI pratidhvani hai| unake zabdoM meM kalyANavacana bolane vAlA kalyANa kI pratidhvani sunatA hai aura akalyANakArI vacana bolane vAlA akalyANa kI pratidhvani sunatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kalyANa kArI kAryoM ko karane -vahI, 29/17 60. isibhAsiyAI, 29/19 61. jittA maNaM kasAe yA, jo samma kurute tvN| saMdippate sa suddhappA, aggI vA hvisaa''hute|| 62. vahI, 29/3-13 63. paMca jAgarao suttA, paMca suttassa jaagraa| paMcahiM rayamAdiyati. paMcahiM ca rayaM tthe|| 64. vahI, 29/3-13 65. vahI, 29/19 kallANaM ti bhaNantassa, kallANA eppddisuyaa| pAvakaM ti bhaNantassa, pAvayA eppddissyaa| -vahI 29/2 -vahI, 30/8

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 151 vAlA kalyANa ko prApta hotA hai aura pApakArI karma karane vAlA pApa ko prApta hotA hai| hiMsaka hiMsA ko prApta hotA hai aura vijetA parAjaya ko prApta karatA hai / 17 isalie ve sAdhaka ko nirdeza dete haiM ki zubhAzubha karmoM kI isa pratizruti ko samajhakara sAdhaka una karmoM ko nahIM kare, jinase use nArakIya jIvana jInA pdd'e| isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya ke upadezoM kA sAra itanA hI hai ki vyakti ko usa prakAra kA AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhiye, jise vaha apane prati nahIM cAhatA hai| kyoMki manuSya jaisA karatA hai tadanurUpa hI phala prApta karatA hai / " / 68 ataH use azubha karmoM se yA pApa karmoM se virata rahanA cAhiye / yahI usakI mukti kA mArga hai| 31. pArzva kA cAturyAma RSibhASita ke ikatIsaveM adhyAya meM mokSamArga kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki samyak sambuddha evaM karmAgamana ke dvAra kA nirodha kara dene vAlA sAdhaka cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana karate hue ATha prakAra kI karma graMthi ko nahIM bAMdhatA hai| " ataH pArzva RSi ke anusAra ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura aparigraha vrata kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhaka aSTa prakAra kI karmagrathiyoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai aura vaha caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karatA hai| isI adhyAya meM anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki "jisane apane kartRtya mArga ko nizcita kara liyA hai, jo saMsAra meM mAtra nirjIva padArthoM kA hI AhAra karatA hai jisane prapaMca jAla ko nirUddha kara diyA hai, aisA bhikSu saMsAra kA chedana karatA hai| saMsAra - prasUta vedanA kA chedana karatA hai| saMsAra arthAt bhava bhramaNa kA nAza karatA hai| aura bhava- bhramaNa janya vedanA kA nAza karatA hai aura isa prakAra punaH isa saMsAra ke janma grahaNa nahIM karatA / ' 170 pArzva kI uparyukta kathanoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki hiMsA Adi pApa karmoM se virata rahanA, nirjIva padArthoM kA sevana karanA aura prapaMca jAla se Upara uTha jAnA, yahI unakI dRSTi meM mokSa kA mArga hai| 32. piMga RSi dvArA prasatuta Adhayatmika kRSi RSibhASita ke 32veM adhyAya meM piMga RSi ne bhI mukhya rUpa se usI AdhyAtmika RSi kI carcA karate haiM jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| AtmA jisakA kheta hai, tapa jisakA bIja hai, saMyama jisakA hala hai, ahiMsAdi pAMca mahAvrata aura IryA Adi pAMca samitiyA~ jisakI baila hai, aisI dharmagarbhA kRSi ko jo sAdhaka 67. isibhAsiyAI, 30/4 68. vahI, 30/5 69. esa khalu asambuddhe saMvuDa-kampante cAujjAme niyaNThe aTThavihaM kammagaNTiM No pagareti / 31 / gadyabhAga 70. vahI, 31/ (i) gadyabhAga

Page #154
152 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI karatA hai, vaha cAhe brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zudra ho, siddha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| 71 isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya meM tapa, saMyama, ahiMsA, Adi kI sAdhanA ko hI mokSa mArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 33. aruNa RSi dvArA prastuta sAdhanA mArga RSibhASita ke 33veM adhyAya meM aruNa RSi kahate haiM ki vANI aura karma kA samyak prayoga mokSa kA mArga hai aura inakA mithyA prayoga bandhana kA mArga hai, unake anusAra " jo sAdhaka vANI aura karma kA samyak prayoga karatA hai, vahI paNDita hai| vyakti ko aise hI prajJAzIla puruSoM kA saMsarga karanA caahiye| unake anusAra vyakti kI saMgati hI usake guNa-doSa kA kAraNa hotI hai jisa prakAra nAnA varNa vAle pakSI sumeru parvata para pahu~cakara svarNima AbhA se yukta ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra jo satpuruSoM kI saMgati karatA hai, vaha sadguNoM se yukta ho jAtA hai| aise hI jisa prakAra nadiyA~ samudra ke sAnnidhya meM jAkara khArI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra durguNiyoM kI saMgati se vyakti bhI durguNamaya bana jAtA hai| ataH kalyANakArI mitroM kA saMparka hI vyakti ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara banAtA hai| 72 ve kahate haiM ki jiteMndriya aura prajJAzIla sAdhaka samyaktva aura ahiMsA kA jJAna prApta kara sadaiva kalyANa mitra kA saMparka kreN| 73 aruNa RSi ke uparyukta upadeza se hama mAtra yahI niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki satpuruSoM ke saMparka meM vyakti satya ko samyak prakAra se samajhakara AdhyAtmika dizA meM pragati kara sakatA hai| 34. RSigiri kA saMyama sAdhanA kA mArga brAhmaNa parivrAjaka RSigiri ke anusAra " jo pAMca mahAvratoM se yukta hai tathA jo kaSAya rahita aura jitendriya hai, vaha zramaNa upadrava rahita jIvana jItA hai| jo kAma vAsanA meM lubdha nahIM hotA aura jisane karma srota ko chinna kara diyA hai aura jo Azrava 71. AtA chetaM tao bIyaM, saMjamo jugaNaMgalA / ahiMsA samiti jojjA, esA dhammantarA kisI / eyaM kisiM kasittANaM, savvasattadayAvahaM / mAhaNe khattie vesse, sudde vA vi ya sijjhtii|| 72. subhAsiyAe bhAsAe, sukaDeNa ya kammuNA / paNDitaM taM viyANejjA, dhmmaadhmmvinnicchye| saMsaggito pasUyanti, dosA vA jai vA gunnaa| samassitA giriM merU, NANAvaNNA vi pakkhiNo / savve mappA honti, tassa selassa so guNo / / 73. vahI, 33/17 - isi bhAsiyAI, 32/3, 5 - isi bhAsiyAI, 33/3, 14, 16

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana rahita hai vaha sAdhaka duHkhoM se mukta hokara zIghra hI siddha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai / 74 isa prakAra RSigiri ke anusAra paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA, krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karanA tathA apanI indriyoM para saMyama rakhanA yahI mokSa kA mArga hai|75 isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya meM unhoMne isa tathya para bhI bala diyA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti dehAsakti se yukta hokara jIvana jItA hai, jabaki paNDita puruSa anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva pUrvaka jIvana jItA hai| jo rAgadveSa se Upara uTha cukA hai aura jo apratijJa arthAta anAkAMkSI hai, vahI brAhmaNa mokSa kA adhikArI banatA hai / 76 35. uddAlaka kA kaSAyajaya kA sAdhanA mArga uddAlaka RSi mokSa mArga kA pratipAdana karate hue sarvaprathama bandhana ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate haiN| unake anusAra vyakti krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara varjyakarma arthAt pApa karma ko karatA hai aura unake pApa karmoM ke kAraNa caturgati meM paribhramaNa karate hue apanI AtmA ko saMkleSita karatA hai| ataH mokSa mArga ke sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama ina cAra kaSAyoM kA parityAga karanA cAhiye / 77 kintu kaSAya parityAga ke isa nirdeza ke sAtha-sAtha uddAlaka muni jIvana kI sAdhanA kI eka viziSTa paddhati kA bhI nirUpaNa karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "tIna guptiyoM se rakSita, tIna daMDoM se virata, tIna zalyoM se rahita, cAra vikathAoM se virata, pAMca samitiyoM se yukta tathA zarIra dhAraNa aura yoga sAdhanA ke lie no koTi vizuddha udgama aura utpAdana doSa se rahita vibhinna kuloM se gRhIta dUsaroM ke lie niSpAdita agnirahita, dhUma rahita, zastra rahita aura pariNata bhojana, zayyA aura upAdhi ko grahaNa karatA huuN|' | 1178 unake isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ve apanI sAdhanA paddhati meM uparokta tathyoM para adhika bala dete hoNge| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki prastuta pratipAdana meM paMca samiti, tIna gupti tathA AhAra caryA kI jisa vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vaha Aja bhI jaina paraMparA yathAvata rUpa se pracalita hai| ataH yaha prazna vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai ki kyA jaina paraMparA meM AhAra saMbaMdhI uparyukta niyama upaniyama uddAlaka kI paraMparA se jaina paraMparA meM Aye haiM athavA jaina AcAryoM 74. jeNa lubbhanti kAmehiM, chiNNasote aNAsave / savvadukkhapahINo u, siddhe bhavati NIrae / 75. vahI, 34/5 76. vahI, 34 / 1, 2 77. cauhiM ThANehiM.. 78. vahI, 35 / gadyabhAga prAraMbha 153 .taM jahA koheNaM, mANeNa, mAyAe, , lobhaNaM / - isi bhAsiyAI, 34/7 - vahI, 35 / gadyabhAga-prAraMbha

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154 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI ne uddAlaka ke upadezoM ko prastuta karate hue apanI vicAra dhArA ko hI unake mukha se prastuta karavA diyA hai| yadi hama isI adhyAya meM padya rUpa meM prastuta uddAlaka ke upadezoM ko dekhate haiM to bhI inhIM tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| isa adhyAya kI 19vIM gAthA meM ve kahate haiM ki "pA~ca indriyA~, cAra saMjJAe~, tridaNDa, trizalya, trigarva aura bAIsa parISaha aura cAra kaSAya ye sabhI cora haiM, isalie sAdhaka ko sadaiva jAgRta rahanA caahiye|9 padya rUpa meM prastuta uddAlaka ke upadezoM meM mukhya rUpa se kaSAya jaya ke sAtha-sAtha ajJAna ke nirAkaraNa aura Atma jAgRti para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA gayA haiN| ve kahate haiM ki pratikSaNa jAgRta raho, soo mata, kyoMki jo sotA hai vaha sukhI nahIM hotA, jo jAgatA hai vahI sukhI hotA hai| sajaga sAdhaka ke sabhI doSa usI prakAra dUra ho jAte haiM jaise dAhabhIrU agni ko dekhakara usase dUra ho jAtA hai| uparyukta AdhAroM para uddAlaka dvArA prastuta mokSamArga ko nimna tIna vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai(1) ajJAna kA nivAraNa aura jJAna kI praapti| (2) pramAda kA nivAraNa aura Atma cetanatA kI praapti| (3) indriyajaya aura kaSAya nivaarnn| yadi yahA~ hama samyak darzana zabda kA Atma sAkSAtkAra paraka artha lete haiM, to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki uddAlaka ke sAdhanA mArga meM jaina dharma ke trividha sAdhanA mArga ke pUrva bIja upasthita haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina sAdhanA mArga kI RSibhASita meM pratipAdita uddAlaka ke sAdhanA mArga se bahuta kucha nikaTatA hai| 36. tArAyaNa RSi kI krodha-vijaya kI sAdhanA paddhati tArAyaNa RSi apane sAdhanA mArga ke pratipAdana meM krodha vijaya para bala dete haiN| unake anusAra "krodhAgni svayaM ko bhI jalAtI hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI jalAtI hai| krodha se yukta vyakti artha, dharma aura kAma tInoM puruSArthoM kA nAza kara detA hai| krodha vyakti kA aisA zatru hai jo nigraha kiye jAne para vyakti ko vikala banAtA hai aura chor3e jAne para arthAt abhivyakta hone para bhasmIbhUta karatA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko krodha kA zAMta karanA yogya hai| prastuta vivecana meM mukhyataH krodha vijaya para hI bala diyA gayA hai| kintu isa saMdarbha meM tArAyaNa RSi kA yaha kahanA ki nigraha karane para krodha -isibhAsiyAI,35/20 79. paMcindiyAI saNNAM, daNDA sallAiM gAravA tinnnni| bAvIsaM ca parIsaha, corA cattAri ya ksaayaa|| 80. jAgaraha NarA NiccaM, jAgaramANassa jAgarati sutN| je suvati Na se suhite, jAgaramANe suhI hoti|| jAgarantaM muNiM vIraM, dosA vajjenti duuro| jalanta jAtateyaM vA, cakkhusA daahbhiirunno|| -vahI, 3523, 24

Page #157
RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 155 vyakti ko svayaM vikala banAtA hai aura abhivyakta karane para svayaM ko aura dUsaroM ko bhasmIbhUta karatA hai-mahattvapUrNa hai| unake isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve damana ke sAdhanAmArga ke samarthaka nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, ve yaha mAnate haiM ki vAsanA aura kaSAyoM ko upazamita kara dene mAtra se unase mukti nahIM milatI, damita vAsanAe~ vyakti ke cit ko uddheti karatI rahatI hai| ata: vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie unako nirmUla banAnA Avazyaka hai| vAsanAoM kI nirmala banAne kA tAtparya unake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara unheM samApta kara denA hI hai| ise hI jaina paraMparA meM kSAyika mArga kahA gayA hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve upazama (damana) ke mArga ke sthAna para kSaya (nirasana) ke mArga kA pratipAdana karate haiN| unake anusAra krodha yA dveSa hI vaha tathya hai jisakA nirasana karake vyakti sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pragati kara sakatA hai| 37. zrIgiri kA AcAra mArga RSibhASita ke 37veM adhyAya meM hame zrIgiri ke upadezoM kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai, kintu zrIgiri ke upadezoM kA mukhya bhAga to sRSTi ke svarUpa saMbaMdhI vivecana hai| ve sRSTi saMbaMdhI usa yuga kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate hue sRSTi kI anAditA aura yathArthatA kA pratipAdana karate haiN|82 jahA~ taka unake mokSa mArga saMbaMdhI sAdhanA mArga kA prazna hai vaha alpatama hI hai| ve kevala apane AcAra saMbaMdhI kucha niyamoM ko prastuta karate haiM ve kahate haiM ki "zramaNa ko sUrya ke sAtha gamana karanA cAhiye arthAt sUrya udaya se sUryAsta taka hI yAtrA karanA caahiye| sUryAsta hone para jo bhI bhUmi upalabdha ho vahI rUka jAnA cAhiye, sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vaha jisa dizA meM gamana kareM, yuga mAtra bhUmi ko dekhakara gamana kreN| isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM mAtra zramaNa kI vihAra caryA kA ullekha milatA hai| AcAra saMbaMdhI anya koI pratipAdana isameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai|43 isase hama mAtra yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki unake anusAra satata vicaraNa karate hue anAsakta jIvana zailI ko hI mokSa prApti kA upAya mAnA gayA hogaa| 38. sAriputra kA madhyama mArga RSibhASita ke 38veM adhyAya meM sAriputra kahate haiM ki "paNDita jana ko sadaiva samatvabhAva meM rahanA caahiye| unake anusAra "upalabdha hone vAle aneka prakAra 81. koheNa appaM DahatI paraM ca, atthaM ca dhamma ca taheva kaam| tivvaM ca veraM pi karenti kodhA, adharaM gatiM vA vi uvinti kohaa| haLaM karetIha NirujjhamANo, bhAsaM karetIha vimuccmaanno| haThaM ca bhAsaM ca samikkha paNNe, kovaM NiruMbhejja sadA jittppaa| -isibhAsiyAI, 36/14, 18 vahI, 37/1-3 gadyabhAga 83. vahI, 37/gadyabhAga, pR. 167 84. vahI, 38/5

Page #158
DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI ke padArthoM kA parityAga karake prAjJa vyakti usameM lubdha nahIM ho, yahI buddha kI zikSA hai / 185 sajaga sAdhaka kI pA~coM indriyoM supta hokara alpa duHkha kA kAraNa banatI hai| prajJAvAna sAdhaka una indriya janya vAsanAoM ke vinAza ke lie satata rUpa se prayatnazIla rhe|" isa prakAra sAriputta indriyajaya, AtmasajagatA, anAsakti aura samabhAva kI sAdhanA ko hI mokSamArga ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate haiN| unake anusAra 'jisake dvArA moha kA kSaya ho, vahI mokSamArga hai| cAhe vaha sukhada ho yA duHkhada / jisa prakAra vyAdhi ke kSaya ke lie svAdiSTa athavA kaTuka auSadhiyA~ dI jAtI hai, usI prakAra moha ke lie sukara yA duSkara sAdhanA mArga pratipAdita kiye jAte haiN| sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya to moha kA kSaya hai na ki sukha aura duHkha kI prApti / jisa prakAra vyAdhi ke upazamana ke lie cikitsA kI jAtI hai aura umaseM cAhe rogI ko sukha athavA duHkha kI anubhUti ho, kintu cikitsaka kI dRSTi meM to vahA~ vyAdhi kA vinAza hI mukhya lakSya hai| isI prakAra sAdhanA kA lakSya moha kA vinAza hai / 87 yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sAriputra na to suvidhAvAdI bhautika jIvana paddhati ke samarthaka hai aura na ve deha-daNDana rUpa kaThora tapa mArga ke prazaMsaka hai / unake anusAra to vahI sAdhanA upayukta hai, jo hamAre citta ko anAkula dazA meM rakha sake / yadi manojJa bhojana manojJa zayyAsana aura manojJa AvAsa meM nivAsa karate hue bhI citt nirAkula raha sakatA haiM athavA samAdhi pUrvaka dhyAna saMbhava hai, to vaha varjita nahIM hai|" sAdhanA kA lakSya citta vRtti kI samAdhi hai, na ki bhautika sukha yA duHkha / ataH jina sAdhanoM se bhI citta vRtti kA samatva sadhatA ho, ve sabhI sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM grAhya ho sakate haiN| ataH sAriputra na to araNyavAsa para bala dete haiM aura na Azrama meM nivAsa para / 39. saMjaya dvArA prastuta Atmazodhana kI paddhati 156 RSibhASita ke 39 veM adhyayana meM saMjaya nAmaka RSi kahate haiM ki "jo manuSya pApa karma karatA hai vaha andhakAra kI icchA karatA hai / pApa kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAne para kadAcita eka bAra koI durAcaraNa ho bhI jAya to bhI sAdhaka use bAra-bAra nahIM kare, arthAt usakA samUha ekatra nahIM kare, jo sAdhaka pApa karmoM ko na to svayaM karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai use devatA bhI namaskAra karate hai / " 91 85. evaM aNegaNNAgaM, taM pariccajja paNDite / -vahI 38/4 surttha lubbhaI paNNe, eyaM buddhahmaNa sAsaNaM / / 86. isibhAsiyAI, 38/6 87. vahI, 38/7, 8 88. vahI, 38/2 89. parivAre ceva vese ya, bhAvatiM tu vibhAvae / parivAre vi gaMmbhIre, Na rAyA NIlajambuo || 90. davve khette ya kAle ya, savvabhAve ya savvadhA / savvesiM liMgajIvANaM, bhAvANaM tu vihAvae / / 91. vahI, 39 / 1, 2, 3 -isibhAsiyAi, 38/25 -vahI 38/29

Page #159
RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 157 saMjaya ne uparyukta kathana kA Azaya mAtra itanA hI hai ki sAdhaka pApa karma na kreN| yadi kisI viziSTa paristhiti meM durAcaraNa ho bhI jAya to usakI AvRtti na kareM aura isa prakAra durAcaraNa se dUra rahe, yahI mukti mArga hai| isa adhyAya ke aMta meM saMjaya ne vizeSa rUpa se jiddhendriya ke vazIbhUta nahIM hone kA nirdeza diyA hai| saMbhavataH unakI dRSTi meM samasta pApoM kA mUla kAraNa svAda-lolupatA rahA ho aura isalie unhoMne rasanendriya ke vijaya para vizeSarUpa se bala diyA hai| 40. dvaipAyana kI icchAjaya kI sAdhanA paddhati dvaiyApana RSi apane sAdhanA mArga meM vizeSa rUpa se icchAoM para vijaya pAne ke lie bala dete haiM, kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM icchAoM kI upasthiti hI mAnasika asamAdhi yA azAnti kA kAraNa hai| jo sAdhaka icchAoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai vaha nirAkAMkSa vyakti samAdhi yA AtmazAMti ko prApta kara letA hai| ve kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM aneka prakAra kI icchAe~ utpanna hotI haiM aura icchAoM se baddha hokara hI jIva kaleza ko prApta hotA hai| icchA hI dhanahAni aura baMdhanoM kA mUla hai| icchA karane vAle ko nahIM cAhatI hai apitu anicchuka ko hI cAhatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM icchAoM ke mAdhyama se vyakti jisa Atmika sukha aura zAMti kI apekSA karatA hai use icchA ke dvArA nahIM pAyA jA sakatA, apitu anicchA ke dvArA hI pAyA jA sakatA haiN|12 ataH dvaiyApana kahate haiM ki jo anicchA ke dvArA icchA para vijaya prApta kara letA hai vahI sukha ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM nirAkAMdhatA hI mokSa kA mArga 41. indranAga kA indriyasaMyama kA sAdhanA mArga RSibhASita meM iMdranAga apane sAdhanA mArga kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki "jo sAdhaka indriyoM ke viSaya meM lipta hotA hai, vaha svayaM apane hI du:kha kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| ghRta kI ora AkarSita makkhI athavA madhubindu ko prApta karane vAlA durbuddhi manuSya apane mRtyu ko nahIM dekhatA hai| mAMsalolupa matsya svayaM hI jAkara kATe meM apane ko phaMsAtA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko indriya viSayoM se virata rahane kA prayatna 92. icchA bahuvidhA loe, jAe baddho kilissti| tamhA icchamaNicchAe, jiNittA suhmedhtii|| icchAmUlaM niyacchanti, dhaNahANi bandhaNANi yA viyavippaoge ya bahU, jammAI maraNANi yA icchanteNicchate icchA, aNicchaM taM pi icchti| tamhA icchaM aNicchAe, jiNittA suhmehtii|| 93. isibhAsiyAI, 40/4 -isibhAsiyAI, 40/2, 4,5

Page #160
158 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI karanA caahiye|"94 ve isa tathya para vizeSa rUpa se bala dete haiM ki "saMsAra meM kucha vyakti jJAna, tapa aura cAritra ko bhI apanI AjIvikA kA sAdhana banAkara jIte haiM kintu unakA yaha jIvanayApana doSapUrNa hai| vidyA, maMtra, duSkArya, bhaviSya kathana Adi ke mAdhyama se jo muni apanA jIvana nirvAha karatA hai, vaha vastutaH doSapUrNa jIvana hI jItA hai|"15 unakI dRSTi meM tapa aura jJAna kA pradarzana hI mokSa kA mArga nahIM ho sakatA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "jo ajJAnI sAdhaka eka-eka mahIne meM kuzAgra jitanA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, vaha bhI zrutAkhyAta dharma arthAt Atmadharma ke zatAMza ko bhI prApta nahIM karatA hai|"16 isakA Azaya hai ki unakI dRSTi meM AtmasaMyama aura AtmatoSa yahI mAtra mukti kA upAya hai| 42. soma kI ahiMsaka jIvana dRSTi RSibhASita meM soma RSi apane sAdhanA mArga kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki "sAdhaka kI sAvadha arthAt pApa karma kA sevana nahIM karate hue nirvadya arthAt apApa kI sthiti meM rahanA caahiye| isa nirvadya ahiMsaka sAdhanA paddhati meM kramazaH vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA caahiye|"97 isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM hiMsA aura pApa karmoM se virata hokara ahiMsAmaya jIvana jInA hI mokSa kA mArga hai| 43. yama RSi kI samatva kI sAdhanA paddhati RSibhASita meM yama nAmaka arhata RSi kA kathana hai ki jo lAbha meM prasanna nahIM hotA aura alAbha meM duHkhI nahIM hotA, vahI vyakti manuSyoM meM zreSTha hai|" isa prakAra yama RSi ke anusAra lAbha aura alAbha meM samabhAva se jIvana jInA yahI sAdhanA kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai| isa prakAra inheM samatvapUrNa jIvana zailI kA upadezaka kahA jA sakatA hai| -isibhAsiyAI, 41/5,6 94. pakkhiNo ghatakumbhe vA, avasA pAventi saMkhayAM madhu pAsyati durbuddhI, pavAtaM se Na pssti|| AmisatthI jhaso ceva, maggate appaNA glN| AmisatthI carittaM tu, jIve hiMsati dummtii|| 95. vijAmantopa desehiM, dUtIsaMpesaNehiM vaa| bhAvIbhavovadesehiM, avisuddhaM tu jiivti|| 96. mAse mAse ya jo bAlo, kusaggeNa aahaare| Na se sukkhAyadhammassa, agghatI satimaM kalA 97. vahI, 42/gadyabhAga pR. 186 98. lAbhami je Na sumaNo, alAbhe Neva dummnno| se hu seDhe maNussANaM, devANaM va sykkuu| -vahI, 41/10 - vahI, 41/12 -vahI, 43/1

Page #161
159 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 44. varUNa kI vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA vidhi - RSibhASita ke 44veM adhyAya meM varuNa nAmaka RSi kA kathana hai ki jisakI AtmA rAga aura dveSa se utpIDita nahIM hotI, vahI sAdhaka samabhAva ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra ve apane sAdhanA mArga meM vItarAga jIvanadRSTi ko hI pramukhatA dete 45. vaizramaNa kI AtmArtha kI sAdhanA RSibhASita ke aMtima adhyAya meM vaizramaNa nAmaka RSi ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| vaizramaNa ke anusAra AtmA hI karmoM kA kartA hai aura vahI usake phala kA bhoktA hai, ataH AtmArtha ke lie vyakti ko pApa kA mArga tyAga denA cAhiye, ve yaha bhI batAte haiM ki jo vyakti dUsaroM ke ahita ke lie prayatna karatA hai, vaha svayaM apanA hI ahita karatA hai| isalie sAdhaka ko samyak prakAra se saMyama mArga kI sAdhanA karanA caahiye|100 cAturyAma aura paMcamahAvrata bhAratIya sAdhanA kI sabhI paraMparAoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke mahattva ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| hiMdU paraMparA meM inheM pAMca yamoM ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| paJcayama yoga-sAdhanA kI prathama bhUmikA hai|09 pAMca yamoM kA pAlana karake hI yoga-sAdhanA ke agrima caraNoM para Age bar3hA jA sakatA hai| pataJjali ne yogasUtra meM inheM mahAvrata bhI kahA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI inheM paMcazIla ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA haiN|102 kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki bauddha paraMparA meM paMcazIloM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura brahmacarya to samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiye gae haiM, kintu usameM aparigraha ke sthAna para mAdaka dravyoM ke niSedha ko paJcama zIla mAnA gayA hai| usake paMcazIloM meM aparigraha kA ullekha nahIM hai| usake sthAna para mAdaka dravya sevana niSedha hai| jahA~ taka jaina paraMparA kA prazna hai usameM pAMca mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM inheM mAnyatA prApta hai|03 -vahI 44/prAraMbha -isibhAsiyAI, 45/10 99. dohiM aMgehiM uppIlantehiM AtA jassa Na uppIlati 100. AtA kar3Aha kammANaM, AtA bhuMjati jaM phl| tamhA Ayassa aTThAe, NAvamAdAya vje|| 101. bhAratIya darzana, datta evaM caTarjI, pR. 192 102. vinayapiTaka mahAvagga, 1/56 103. (a) "hiMsA'nRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam" (ba) mahavvae paMca aNuvvaeya. taheva. paMcAsava saMvare y| viratiM iha sAmaNiyamipanne, lavAvasakkI samaNe tibemi| -tavArthasUtram, 71 -sUtrakRtaMgasUtram, 2/6/6

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI yadyapi mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara pArzva kI paraMparA paMca mahAvratoM ke sthAna para cAturyAma dharma kA ullekha karatI hai| cAturyAma ke aMtargata ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aura bAhya vastuoM ke grahaNa ke niSedha (aparigraha ) kA ullekha milatA hai / 104 RSibhASita meM paMca mahAvrata aura cAturyAma donoM kA ullekha hai| 105 pArzva kI paraMparA meM strI ko bhI parigraha meM parigRhIta karake parigraha ke niSedha ke rUpa meM strI kA bhI niSedha samAhita mAna liyA thaa| kintu mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM aparigraha aura brahmacarya ko eka dUsare se svataMtra karake pAMca mahAvratoM kI sthApanA kI giiN| 160 jahA~ taka RSibhASita kA prazna hai hama yaha ullekha kara cuke haiM ki usameM hameM cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata donoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| RSibhASita ke prathama nArada nAmaka adhyayana meM aura 31veM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM cAturyAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se cAturyAma kA nAmollekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| 106 nArada nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM yadyapi spaSTarUpa se cAturyAma zabda kA ullekha nahIM huA hai kintu usameM zauca ( pavitratA) ke cAra lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ina cAra lakSaNoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya ko to svataMtra rUpa se eka-eka lakSaNa mAnA gayA haiM / kintu brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko milAkara zauca kA cauthA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| 107 isa prakAra isa prathama adhyAya meM bhI cAturyAma kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| vastutaH cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata meM maulika rUpa se koI aMtara nahIM hai / jaba strI ko parigraha mAnakara parigraha ke niSedha meM strI ke bhoga kA niSedha bhI mAna liyA jAtA hai to yaha cAturyAma dharma kA rUpa le letA hai aura jaba ina donoM ko eka dUsare se svataMtra mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha paMca mahAvrata yA paMca yAma kA rUpa le letA hai| RSibhASita meM paMca mahAvratoM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha pAMcaveM, cautIsaveM aura paitAlIsaveM adhyAyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| pAMcaveM 'puSpazAla' nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki prANoM kI hiMsA na kareM, alIka vacana na bole, coryavRtti kA tyAga kareM, maithuna 104. (a) cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo, jo imo pNcsikkhio| desio vaddhamANeNa, pAseNaya mahAmunI / / (ba) paMcajamA paThamaMtimajiNANa sesANa cattAri / Avazyaka niryukti, 236 105. (a) isibhAsiyAi, 31/ gadyabhAga (ba) paMcamahavvayajutte, akasAe jitindie / se hU dante suhaM suyati, Niruvasagge ya jIvati / / 106. (a) isibhAsiyAi, 1/2 gadyabhAga (ba) vahI, 31 / gadyabhAga 107. isi bhAsiyAi, 1/2 gadyabhAga -uttarAdhyayana, 23/12 - vahI, 34/6

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 161 kA sevana nahIM kareM, aura aparigrahI bne|108 isa prakAra yahA~ spaSTarUpa se pAMca mahAvratoM kA ullekha spaSTa hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki yoga paraMparA ke pA~ca yamoM ko mahAvrata bhI kahA gayA hai| RSibhASita ke cautIsaveM RSigiri nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se pAMca mahAvrata kA ullekha hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa vahI hai, jo pA~ca mahAvratoM se yukta hotA hai|109 yadyapi yahA~ ve pAMca mahAvrata kauna se haiM yaha spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu phira bhI hamArI dRSTi meM RSigiri kA paMca mahAvratoM se tAtparya ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha se hI rahA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| punaH RSibhASita ke paitAlIsaveM adhyAya meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se pAMca mahAvratoM kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kintu usameM pAMca mahAvratoM meM prathama ahiMsA kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra zastra, agni Adi ke kAraNa apane zarIra meM dAha aura vedanA hotI hai usI prakAra sarvadehadhAriyoM ko hotI hai|990 sabhI prANI ko prANaghAta apriya aura dayA priya hai| ataH sAdhakoM ko prANaghAta kA tyAga kara denA caahiye|111 ahiMsA sabhI satvoM ke lie nirveda kAraka hai, jo ahiMsA se yukta hotA hai, use deveMdra aura dAnaveMdra bhI namaskAra karate haiN|112 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata ke ullekha upalabdha hai| phira bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki usane aMtima adhyAya meM jo ahiMsA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai, vaha saMbhavataH isalie ki ahiMsA sabhI mahAvratoM meM prathama sthAna para svIkAra kI gaI hai| jainAgama dazavaikAlikasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA prathama sthAna para upadeza diyA hai|113 usake anya adhyAyoM meM satya aura brahmacarya ke saMdarbha meM bhI vizeSa ullekha prApta hote haiN| isameM se satya saMbaMdhI vivaraNa kI carcA bhASA samiti ke prasaMga meM kI hai| brahmacarya aura aparigraha saMbaMdhI vivaraNa RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM adhyayana meM bhI upalabdha hai|114 yaha spaSTa hai ki cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata athavA paMcayAma kI avadhAraNAe~ bhAratIya cintana kI prAcInatama avadhAraNAe~ hai aura ve hameM RSibhASita meM yathAvata rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| -isibhAsiyAI, 5/4 108. Na pANe atipAtejA, aliyA'diNNaM ca vje| mehuNaM ca sekejA, bhavejjA aprigghe|| 109. isibhAsiyAI, 34/5 110. vahI, 45/18 111. vahI, 45/19 112. vahI, 45/20 113. tatthimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyA ahiMsA niuNA diTThA, savva bhUesu sNjmo|| 114. isibhAsiyAI, 29/5 -dazavaikAlika, 6/9

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162 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI pA~ca samiti evaM bhikSA vidhi jaina paraMparA meM muni jIvana ke saMrakSaka tattvoM meM aSTa pravacana-mAtAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye aSTa pravacana mAtAe~ pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hai| RSibhASita ke paitIsaveM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM paMca samiti aura trigupti kA spaSTa ullekha hai|115 RSibhASita ke paccIsaveM ambar3a nAmaka adhyAya meM muni jIvana kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue sacce zramaNa ko triguptiyoM se gupta hotA hai| vaha sadgati ko prApta karatA hai|117 yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki mana, vAk aura zarIra ke saMyama ko hI gupti kahA gayA hai, jo apane mana, vANI aura zarIra ko duSpravRttiyoM meM nahI jAne detA, vahI triguptiyoM se gupta mAnA jAtA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina paraMparA meM RSibhASita meM bhI mana, vANI aura zarIra kI pravRttiyoM ke yoga ko hI bandhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM vivecitaM kiyA jAtA hai| pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM inheM yoga kahe haiN|118 ataH bandhana se mukti kI sAdhanA meM ina tInoM kA saMyama Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| mana, vAk, aura zarIra kA saMyama hI trigupti hai| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki paMcasamiti aura tIna guptiyoM meM jahA~ gupti niSedhAtmaka mAnI gaI hai, vahA~ samitiyoM ko vidhAnAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| gupti yaha sUcita karatI hai ki yaha nahIM karanA cAhiye, jaba ki samiti yaha batAtI hai ki aise karanA caahiye| RSibhASita meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se hameM yaha ullekha nahIM milatA hai ki samitiyoM kI saMkhyA jitanI hai| kintu jaina paraMparA meM jo pA~ca samitiyA~ suprasiddha haiM-unameM se tIna samitiyA~ IryA, bhASA aura aiSaNA kA spaSTa vivaraNa hameM RSibhASita meM mila jAtA hai| RSibhASita ke paccIsaveM adhyAya meM AhAra ke grahaNa karane ke chaha kAraNoM kI carcA karate hue usameM iryA samiti ke pAlana ko bhI AhAra grahaNa karane kA eka kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|119 kyoMki AhAra ke abhAva meM vyakti kI zArIrika zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai| phalataH vaha sAvadhAnI pUrvaka apanI vihAra caryA nahIM kara paataa| muni ko apanI vihAra carcA kaise karanA cAhiye isa saMdarbha meM RSibhASita ke zrIgiri nAmaka adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka sUrya ke sAtha gamana kreN|120 arthAt vaha dina meM hI yAtrA kareM, sUryAsta hone para vaha kahIM ruka jaay| use 115. paMcasamite tigatte, isibhAsiyAI.35 gadyabhAga 116. vahI, 25/2 gadyabhAga 117. vahI, 25/2 gadyabhAga 118. (a) "kAryAvAGamanaH karmayogaH" tattvArthasUtram 6/1 (ba) isibhAsiyAI, 25/2 gadyabhAga (sa) vahI, 35/gadyabhAga 119. vahI, 25/6 gadyabhAga 120. vahI, 37/ gAbhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 163 yaha yAtrA kisa prakAra karanA cAhiye isakA nirdeza bhI zrI giri nAmaka brAhmaNa parivrAjaka arhat RSi isa prakAra se karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki sUrya ke udita hone para pUrva, pazcima, uttara yA dakSiNa kisI bhI dizA meM sAmane yugamAtra (4 hAtha) bhUmi ko dekhate hue vihAra karanA caahiye|121 yadi hama jaina paraMparA meM IryA samiti kA jo ullekha milatA hai, usase RSibhASita ke isa ullekha kI tulanA karate hai to spaSTa rUpa se donoM meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| sAmane dekhate hue prakAza meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka yAtrA karane ko hI jaina paraMparA meM iryA samiti kahA gayA hai| bhASA samiti kA ullekha bhI hameM RSibhASita ke taitIsaveM adhyAya meM prApta ho jAtA hai| usameM aruNa nAmaka RSi kahate haiM ki "jo ziSTa vANI bolatA hai, vahI paNDita hai|122 ziSTa vANI aura prazasta karma se hI vyakti samaya para barasane vAle megha ke samAna yaza ko prApta hotA hai|123 isa prakAra ziSTatApUrvaka samyak bhASaNa ko hI bhASAyI viveka kahA jAtA hai| eSaNA samiti muni jIvana meM apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kisa prakAra pUrA kiyA jAya, isa saMbaMdha meM jo vidhi niSedha batAe gae haiM ve eSaNA samiti ke aMtargata Ate haiN| RSibhASita ke bArahaveM yAjJavalkya aura paccIsaveM ambar3a nAmaka adhyAya meM aiSaNA samiti kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| yAjJavalkya kahate haiM ki "jisa prakAra pazu-pakSI apane bhojana ke lie paribhramaNa karate hai usI prakAra muni bhikSAcaryA kre|| bhikSAcaryA ke lie bhramaNa karatA hue muni kisI ke prati kupita na ho aura na kisI se saMbhASaNa hI kre| vaha bhikSAcaryA karate samaya pAMca prakAra ke yAcakoM meM bAdhaka nahIM banatA huA bhikSAcaryA kreN|"124 punaH RSibhASita ke paccIsaveM ambar3a nAmaka adhyayana meM bhikSA samiti yA eSaNA samiti kA hameM vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki mumukSu jitendriya muni mAtra zarIra dhAraNa ke lie aura yoga sAdhanA ke lie navakoTi vizuddha udgama aura utpAdana ke doSoM se rahita vibhinna kuloM meM dUsare vyaktiyoM ke dvArA banAyA huA aura dUsaroM ke lie niSpAdita bhojana gaveSaNA kreN|"125 gaveSaNA karate hue sauMdaryavAna nAriyoM ko dekhakara bhI hRdaya meM vAsanA kA aGkura utpanna nahIM hone deN|126 mAtra kSudhA nivRtti dUsaroM ke prati sevA kArya, IryA -isibhAsiyAI, 37/gaba 121. paDINaM vA dAhiNaM vA udINaM vA purato jugamettaM pehamANe AhArIyameva riittite| 122. vahI, 33/1 123. vahI, 33/4 124. isibhAsiyAI, 12/1, 2 125. vahI, 25/3 gadyabhAga 126. vahI, 25/3, 4 gadyabhAga

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164 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI samiti kA pAlana, saMyama kA pAlana, prANa rakSaNa aura dharma cintana ke lie AhAra kI gaveSaNA kreN|127 ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki RSibhASita zramaNa sAdhaka ko bhikSAcaryA ke prati atyanta sajaga rahane kA nirdeza karatA hai| muni ko kisa prakAra se bhikSAcaryA karanA cAhiye isakA RSibhASita meM prastuta uparokta vivaraNa nimna tathyoM ko prastuta karatA (1) (3) (4) kisI eka hI gRhastha ke yahA~ se saMpUrNa bhojana prApta nahIM karanA caahiye| dUsare zabdoM meM paribhramaNa karate hue thor3I-thor3I mAtrA meM bhikSA sAmagrI prApta karanA caahiye| bhojana svayaM nahIM pakAnA caahiye| apane lie nirmita bhojana bhI grahaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| dUsare zabdoM meM auddezika bhojana nahIM lenA caahiye| bhojana meM prApta sAmagrI navakoTi vizuddha honA cAhiye arthAt vaha mana, vacana aura karma se tathA kRta, kArita aura anumodana ke doSa se rahita honA caahiye| bhikSA dasa doSoM se rahita honA cAhiye. kintu RSibhASita meM hameM yaha spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai ki bhikSA ke ye dasa doSa (aticAra) kauna se hai| saMbhavataH nirgrantha paraMparA meM eSaNA ke jo dasa doSa mAne gae haiM ve hI yahA~ saMketa kiye gae hoNge| nirgrantha paraMparA meM eSaNA ke nimna dasa doSa mAne gae haiN|128 (1) zaGkita AdhAkarmAdi doSoM kI zaGkA hone para bhI AhArAdi lenaa| (2) prakSita sacitta kA saMghaTTA hone para ahAra lenaa| (3) nikSipta sacitta para rakkhA huA AhAra lenaa| (4) pihita sacitta se DhaMkA huA AhAra lenaa| 127. isibhAsiyAI,25/6 128. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN sAgaramala jaina, pR. 172

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165 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana (5) saMhRta pAtra meM pahale se rakkhe hue akalpanIya padArtha ko nikAla kara usI pAtra se lenaa| (6) dAyaka zarAbI, garbhiNI Adi anadhikArI se lenaa| (7) unmizra sacitta se mizrita AhAra lenaa| (8) apariNata pUre taura para binA pake zAkAdi lenaa| (9) lipta dahI, ghRta Adi se lipta pAtra yA hAtha se AhAra lenA kyoMki bhikSA dene ke pahale aura pIche hAtha yA pAtra dhone ke kAraNa kramazaH pUrva karma tathA pazcAt karma doSa hotA hai| (10) chadrita chIMTe nIce gira rahe ho, aisA AhAra lenaa| __ (6) bhikSA udgama aura utpAdana ke doSoM se bhI rahita honA caahiye| jJAtavya hai ki nirgrantha paraMparA meM bhikSA ke udgama aura utpAdana se saMbaMdhita solaha-solaha doSa mAne gae haiN| RSibhASita yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se solaha kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza nahIM karatA hai, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki use bhI nirgrantha paraMparA meM mAnya udgama aura utpAdana ke nimna solaha-solaha doSa hI abhipreta hoNge| udgama ke solaha doSa 29 (1) AdhAkarma vizeSa sAdhu ke uddezya se AhAra bnaanaa| (2) audezika sAmAnya bhikSuoM ke uddezya se AhAra bnaanaa| (3) pUtikarma zuddha AhAra ko azuddha AhAra se mizrita krnaa| (4) mizrajAta 129. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 371

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166 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI apane lie va sAdhu ke lie milAkara AhAra bnaanaa| (5) sthApanA sAdhu ke lie khAdya padArtha alaga rakha denaa| (6) prAbhRtikA sAdhu ko pAsa ke grAmAdi meM AyA jAnakara viziSTa AhAra baharAne ke lie jImaNa vAra Adi kA dina Age pIche kara denaa| (7) prAduSkaraNa andhakAra yukta sthAna meM dIpaka Adi kA prakAza karake bhojana denaa| (8) krIta sAdhu ke lie kharIda kara laanaa| (9) prAmitya sAdhu ke lie udhAra laanaa| (10) parivartita sAdhu ke lie aTTA-saTTA karake laanaa| (11) abhihata sAdhu ke lie dUra se lAkara denaa| (12) ubhinna sAdhu ke lie lipta pAtra kA mukha kholakara ghRta Adi denaa| (13) mAlApahRta Upara kI maMjila se yA chIke bagairaha se sIr3hI Adi se utAra kara denaa| (14) Acchedya durbala se chIna kara denaa| (15) anisRSTa . sAjhe kI cIja dUsaroM kI AttA ke binA denaa| (16) adhyavapUraka sAdhu ko gAMva meM AyA jAnakara apane lie banAe jAne vAle bhojana meM aura bar3hA denaa|

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 167 utpAdana ke solaha doSa930 (1) dhAtrI dhAya kI taraha gRhastha ke bAlakoM ko khilA-pilAkara, haMsA ramAkara AhAra lenaa| (2) dUtI dUta ke samAna saMdezavAhaka banakara AhAra lenaa| (3) nimitta zubhAzubha nimitta batAkara AhAra lenaa| (4) AjIva AhAra ke lie jAti, kula Adi btaanaa| (5) vanIpaka gRhastha kI prazaMsA karake bhikSA lenaa| (6) cikitsA auSadhi Adi batAkara AhAra lenaa| (7) krodha krodha karanA yA zApAdi kA bhaya dikhaanaa| (8) mAna apanA prabhutva jamAkara AhAra lenaa| (9) mAyA chala kapaTa se AhAra lenaa| (10) lobha sarasa bhikSA ke lie adhika ghuumnaa| (11) pUrvapazcAtsaMstava dAnadAtA ke mAtA-pitA athavA sAsa-sasura Adi se apanA paricaya batAkara bhikSA lenaa| (12) vidyA japa Adi se siddha hone vAlI vidyA kA prayoga krnaa| 130. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 371 .

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168 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI (13) maMtra maMtra prayoga se AhAra lenaa| (14) cUrNa cUrNa Adi vazIkaraNa kA prayoga karake AhAra lenaa| (15) yoga siddhi Adi yogavidyA kA prayoga krnaa| (16) mUlakarma garbha stambhana Adi kA prayoga btaanaa| jaisA ki hama ullekha kara cuke haiM RSibhASita ke paitIsaveM adhyAya meM paMca samiti zabda kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu ye paMca samitiyA~ kauna sI hai isakA spaSTa ullekha hameM RSibhASita meM kahIM bhI nahIM milatA hai yadyapi hameM bhASA, eSaNA aura IryA samiti ke vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM kintu zeSa do samitiyoM ke vivaraNa RSibhASita meM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| hama yaha vizvAsa kara sakate haiM ki RSibhASita kI paMca samitiyA~ vahI hogI, jo jaina paraMparA yA nirgrantha paraMparA meM mAnya rahI hai| zeSa caturtha evaM paMcama samiti hai-4-AdAna bhaNDa nikSepaNa samiti--arthAta vastu uThAne aura rakhane meM sAvadhAnI, aura 5-paristhApana samiti-- arthAta mUtra visarjana se saMbaMdhita saavdhaaniyaaN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM IryA, bhASA aura eSaNA samiti ke jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM ve nirgrantha paraMparA meM ullekhita vivaraNa ke samAna hI hai| vizeSa rUpa se IryA aura eSaNA ke vivaraNa to samAna hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jina ambar3a nAmaka parivrAjaka ne RSibhASita meM bhikSAcaryA' vidhi-niSedhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve ambar3a parivrAjaka bhagavatIsUtra kI sUcanA ke anusAra bAda meM mahAvIra ke anuyAyI bana gae the|131 ataH ve varddhamAna mahAvIra ke dvArA pratipAdita bhikSA vidhi kA nirdeza kareM, isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| yahA~ hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM pratipAdita AcAra ke vidhi-niSedha bahuta kucha ve hI hai jo jaina paraMparA meM Aja bhI mAnya kiye jAte haiN| trigupti jaina paraMparA meM sAdhanA ke kSetra meM aSTapravacana mAtA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| aSTa pravacana mAtA ke aMtargata pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti samAhita hai| pAMca samitiyoM kA vivaraNa hama pUrva meM prastuta kara cuke haiM aba tIna guptiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kreNge| 131. bhagavatI sUtra ambaDa parivrAjaka kA uddezaka

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 169 RSibhASita meM trigupti zabda paccIsaveM aura ambar3a nAmaka adhyAya meM aura paitIsaveM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| paccIsaveM adhyAya meM AryajanoM aura pApakarma se vimukta vyaktiyoM kI carcA karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve cAra kaSAyoM se rahita paMca mahAvratoM se yukta triguptiyoM se gupta aura paMca indriyoM se saMvRta hote haiN|132 isa prakAra yahA~ sAdhaka kI vizeSatA ke rUpa meM use triguptiyoM se gupta kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra paitIsaveM adhyAya meM uddAlaka apanI sAdhanA kI vizeSatAoM kI carcA karate hue kahate haiM ki maiM "tridaNDa se rahita aura triguptiyoM se rakSita huuN|133 ye tInoM guptiyA~ kauna sI haiM isakA spaSTa nirdeza hameM RSibhASita meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu jaina paraMparA meM tIna guptiyoM-mana gupti, vacana gupti aura kAya gupti kA jo ullekha milatA hai usase hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki triguptiyoM se RSibhASitakAra ko bhI yahI tIna guptiyA~ abhipreta hogI, yahI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki gupti kA tAtparya tatsambaMdhI pravRttiyoM kA niyaMtraNa hai| jaina paraMparA meM samiti aura gupti ye do zabda supracalita haiN| inameM samiti vidhAnAtmaka hai aura gupti niSedhAtmaka hai| ataH gupti kA matalaba mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pravRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita rakhanA hai| pApamArga meM jAtI huI mana, vAk, kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko niyantrita karanA hI gupti hai| gupti vaha surakSAtmaka kavaca hai jisake dvArA AtmA apane ko pApakArI pravRttiyoM se bacA sakatA hai| cAhe RSibhASita meM spaSTa rUpa se mana gupti, vAk gupti aura kAya gupti zabda kA prayoga na huA ho, kintu RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM hameM aise nirdeza prApta hote haiM, jinameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko apanA mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko durAcaraNa ke mArga me jAte hue rokanA caahiye| RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM mAtaMga nAmaka adhyayana meM gupti ko lagAma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai|134 jisa prakAra lagAma kumArga para jAte hue azva ko niyaMtrita karatI hai usI prakAra gupti mana, vAk, aura kAya kI asanmArga meM hotI huI pravRtti ko rokatI hai|135 usI adhyAya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki apanI samasta indriyoM kI pravRtti kA gopana karatA hai vahI satya draSTA hai aura vahI brAhmaNa hai| RSibhASita ke tetalIputra nAmaka dasaveM adhyAya meM bhI gupti ke mahatva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "jo guptivAn hai aura jitendriya hai, use saMsAra meM eka bhI bhaya nahIM rahatA hai| jisa prakAra kachuA apane aGagoM ko sameTa karake bhaya mukta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra jitendriya sAdhaka apanI mana, vAka, aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita kara bhaya mukta ho jAtA hai|136 132. isibhAsiyAI, 25/2 gadyabhAga 133. vahI, 35/gadyabhAga 134. vahI, 26/9 135. vahI, 26/9 136. vahI, 10/gadyabhAga, pR. 43

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170 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki guptiyoM ke mahattva evaM sAdhanA ke kSetra meM unakI upayogitA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai phira bhI guptiyoM kA jo vistRta vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM upalabdha hai vaisA RSibhASita meM nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke caubIsaveM adhyAya meM guptiAyeM kA vistRta vivaraNa nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki "sAdhaka ko saMmaraMbha, samAraMbha aura AraMbha meM pravRtta hote hue mana, vAk aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita karanA caahiye| jo sAdhaka pAMca samitiyoM se yukta hokara sAdhanA mArga meM pravRtta hotA hai aura tIna guptiyoM se gupta hokara azubha mArga se nivartita hotA hai vaha zIghra hI isa saMsAra se mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| 1137 parISaha 'parISaha' zabda kA tAtparya muni jIvana meM Ane vAlI anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko sambhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA hai| RSibhASita meM parISaha zabda kA ullekha hameM sarvaprathama RSigiri nAmaka cautIsaveM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki prajJAzIla mAnava ajJAniyoM dvArA pAMca prakAra se udIrNa kiye jAne vAle parISahoM aura upasargoM ko samabhavapUrvaka sahana kreN| 138 dInabhAvoM se rahita hokara unheM sahana kareM aura unheM sahana karate hue vicalita na ho| ina pariSahoM ko kisa prakAra sahana kiyA jAya, isakA bhI vistRta vivaraNa RSigiri nAmaka cautIsaveM adhyAya meM hameM upalabdha hotA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki "yadi koI mUrkha vyakti kisI kI parokSa meM AlocanA karatA hai, kaThora vacana kahatA hai to prAjJa puruSa yaha vicAra kareM ki vaha parokSa meM hI merI AlocanA karatA hai|, mere sammukha to kucha nahIM khtaa| yadi vaha ajJAnI pratyakSa meM AlocanA karatA hai, apazabda kahatA hai to prAjJa puruSa yaha soce kI zabdoM se merI AlocanA hI to karatA hai mere zarIra ko to koI kaSTa nahIM de rahA hai| yadi vaha zastra Adi se zarIra ko pIr3A pahu~cAtA hai to prAjJa puruSa yaha soce ki vaha mere zarIra ko hI to pIr3A detA hai, mere prANoM kA to nAza nahIM krtaa| mAna le ki vaha usake prANoM kA hI vadha kara rahA ho to aise samaya prAjJa puruSa yaha vicAra kareM ki yaha ajJAnI apane svabhAva ke vazIbhUta hokara mere prANoM kA hI to nAza karatA hai| mere dharma aura sAdhanA ko to naSTa nahIM kara rahA hai|"131 tAtparya yaha hai ki ajJAnI janoM ke dvArA diye jAne vAle kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa ko unake ajJAnatA ke prati karUNA yA kSamAbhAva rakhate hue usa pIr3A ko sahana kreN| sAdhaka jIvana meM aise aneka 137. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 24/19-27 138. isibhAsiyAI,34/gadyabhAga 139. isibhAsiyAI,34/1-5 gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 171 avasara Ate haiM jaba ajJAnI janoM dvArA vyakti ko aneka prakAra ke kaSTa diye jAte haiN| una sabhI kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA hI pariSaha jaya hai| jIvana meM aise parISaha kauna se hai? unakI saMkhyA kitanI hai? isa saMbaMdha meM RSibhASita meM jaina paraMparA ke samAna vistRta vivaraNa to upalabdha nahIM hotA hai kintu RSibhASita ke paitIsaveM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se bAIsa parISahoM kA ullekha huA hai| yadyapi vahA~ yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki ye bAIsa parISaha kauna se haiM? mAtra bAIsa kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza milatA hai|140 yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaina paraMparA meM na kevala bAIsa parISahoM kA nirdeza huA hai apitu usameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki ye bAIsa parISaha kauna-kauna se haiM? isa saMdarbha meM vistRta ullekha uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke dvitIya adhyAya meM milatA hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai|141 (1) kSudhA parISaha bahuta bhUkha lagane para bhI manobala se yukta tapasvI bhikSu use sahana kareM aura niyama virUddha AhAra na kreN| (2) pipAsA parISaha (tRSA pariSaha) saMyamI bhikSu pyAsa se pIr3ita hone para bhI sacitta jala kA sevana nahIM kreN| (3) zIta parISaha virakta aura anAsakta muni zIta ke kaSTa ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kreN| (4) uSNa parISaha grISma Rtu meM sUrya ke paritApa se atyanta pIr3ita hone para bhI ThaNDaka Adi kI AkAMkSA na kreN| (5) daMza-mazaka-parISaha DA~sa tathA maccharoM kA upadrava hone para bhI mahAmuni samabhAva rkhe| (6) acela parISaha vastroM ke atijIrNa ho jAne se aba maiM acelaka ho jAu~gA, aisA muni na soNce| acelatA ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kreN| 140. isibhAsiyAI, 35/19 141. uttarAdhyayana satra,2/gadyabhAga w

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172 (7) arati parISaha yadi vicaraNa karate hue muni ko saMyama ke prati arati aruci ho jAe to usameM samabhAva rkhe| (8) strI parISaha striyoM ke dvArA bhoga ke lie AmaMtrita karane para bhI sAdhaka sthira rahe / (9) caryA parISaha padayAtrA meM kaSTa hone para bhI cAturmAsa kAla ko chor3akara gAMva nagara meM maryAdA se adhika na rukatA huA sadaiva bhramaNa kreN| (10) niSadyA parISaha zmazAna meM, sUne ghara meM aura vRkSa ke mUla meM ekAMkI muni acapala bhAva se rahe, du:khita na ho| ( 11 ) zayyA parISaha U~cI-nIcI arthAta acchI yA burI zayyA ( upAzraya) ke upalabdha hone para tapasvI muni duHkhita na ho| ( 12 ) Akroza parISaha DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI yadi koI bhikSu ko gAlI yA kaThora zabda kahe, to bhI usake prati krodha na kreN| (13) vadha parISaha yadi koI muni ko lakar3I Adi se mAre yA vadha kareM, taba bhI usa para samabhAva rkheN| (14) yAcanA parISaha bhikSA ke lie ghara meM praviSTha hue sAdhu ke lie gRhastha ke sAmane hAtha phailAnA sarala nahIM hai, ataH gRhavAsa hI zreSTha hai, muni aisA na soce / (15) alAbha parISaha AhAra thor3A mile, yA kabhI na mile taba bhI muni samabhAva rakhe / tadajanya abhAva ko sahana kreN| (16) roga parISaha zarIra meM vyAdhi utpanna hone para bhI vedanA ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kare, dIna na bne|

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 173 (17) tRNasparza tRNa Adi kI zayyA para sone se tathA naMge paira calane se tRNa yA kAMTe Adi kI vedanA ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kreN| (18) mala parISaha __ vastra yA zarIra para dhUla Adi ke kAraNa maila jama jAve to udvigna na hokara sahana kreN| (19) satkAra parISaha rAjA Adi zAsakavargIya logoM dvArA sammAna milane para bhI prasanna yA khinna na hokara samabhAva rkheN| muni mAna-sammAna kI spRhA na kreN| (20) prajJA parISaha bhikSu ke buddhimAna hone ke kAraNa loga Akara usase vivAdAdi kareM to bhI khinna hokara yaha vicAra nahIM kareM ki isase to ajJAnI honA acchA thaa| (21) ajJAna parISaha yadi bhikSu kI buddhi manda ho aura zAstra Adi kA adhyayana na kara sake to bhI khinna nahIM hote hue apanI sAdhanA meM lage rahanA caahiye| (22) darzana parISaha anya sampradAyoM aura unake mahantoM kA ADambara dekhakara yaha vicAra nahIM karanA cAhiye ki dekhoM inakI kitanI pratiSThA haiM aura samyak yA zuddha mArga para calate hue bhI merI koI pratiSThA nahIM hai, aisA vicAra na kreN| RSibhASita meM varNita sacce zramaNa kA svarUpa RSibhASita meM sacce zramaNa kA svarUpa sAmAnya rUpa se to aneka adhyAyoM meM varNita hai kintu vizeSa rUpa se usakA vivaraNa hameM vArattaka nAmaka sattAisaveM adhyayana meM milatA hai| vArattaka ke anusAra "saccA zramaNa vaha hai jo gRhastha janoM se adhika saMbaMdha nahIM rakhatA hai, kyoMki isase mamatva bhAva kI vRddhi hotI hai| yaha mamatva bhAva jagata kI kSaNikatA ke cintana svarUpa zramaNa ke lie du:kha kA hI kAraNa hotA hai| isalie zramaNa ko sneha baMdhanoM kA tyAga karake apanA adhikAMza samaya svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM hI vyatIta karanA cAhiye vastutaH jo citta ke vikAra rUpI mala ko dhokara apanI buddhi ko nirvANa mArga meM lagAtA hai vahI saccA zramaNa haiN| jo zramaNa mitratA ke vazIbhUta ho gRhastha kI anuzaMsA karatA hai usakI yaha madhura bhASitA usake Atmahita kI ghAtaka hotI hai| sacce zramaNa ko kautuhala, lakSaNa, svapna aura prahelikA Adi se manoraMjana nahIM karanA caahiye| jo zramaNa ina kAryoM meM lipta hotA hai vaha zramaNa

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174 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIja dharma se bahuta dUra ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo muni apane gRhasthaziSyoM ke vividha saMskAroM meM athavA vara-vadhu ke vaivAhika prasaMgoM meM sammilita hotA hai athavA una saMskAroM ko karavAtA hai aura rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM bhAga letA hai vaha zramaNatva se pRthaka hai| isI prakAra AjIvikA athavA pUjA pratiSThA ke hetu kiMvA aindrika viSaya bhogoM ke lie gRhasthoM ke pIche-pIche ghUmatA hai vaha zrAmaNya se bahuta dUra hai| isake viparIta je zramaNa lakSaNa, svapna, prahelikA, zastrakauzala Adi ke prayoga se rahita ho gayA hai jisane gRhasthoM ke prati rAga bhAva ko samApta kara diyA hai, jo priya aura apriya ke samabhAva se sahana karatA hai tathA akiMcana hokara AtmArtha dharmajIvI hotA hai vahI sacca zramaNa hai|"142 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita sacce zramaNa ko samasta sAMsArika prapancoM se dUra rakhakara dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ko hI usakI jIvana caryA kA pramukha aMga hai| sacce zramaNa ke svarUpa ko lekara jaina aura bauddha paraMparA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne prastuta kiyA hai|143 sacce brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa RSibhASita zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hai, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki vaha brAhmaNa varga kA virodhI hai| yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki zramaNa paraMparA ne brAhmaNa paraMparA ke karmakANDoM kA khulakara virodha kiyA kintu unakA yaha virodha vastutaH brAhmaNoM kA virodha na hokara dharma ke nAma para pracalita una karmakANDoM kA virodha thA, jo vyakti kI AdhyAtmikatA ko dhUmila karate the| isalie zramaNoM ne yaha pratipAdita karane kA prayatna kiyA ki vAstavika rUpa meM brAhmaNa kauna hai? zramaNa paraMparA meM RSibhASita ke atirikta jaina paraMparA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyAya paccIsa meM aura bauddha paraMparA ke suttanipAta meM sacce brAhmaNa ke lakSaNoM ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kreNge| RSibhASita meM brAhmaNa zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa kA prAkRta rUpa mAhaNa hai jisakA zAbdika artha hotA hai "mata maaro"| ataH brAhmaNa hokara bhI tuma yuddha kI zikSA kyoM grahaNa karate ho? isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki RSibhASita ke anusAra saccA brAhmaNa vaha hai jo ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai| jo hiMsA se jur3A hai, use brAhmaNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA yadi kSatriya aura vaNika yajJa-yAjJa kareM aura brAhmaNa zastrajIvI ho to yaha unakI vRtti ke viparIta hogaa| jisa prakAra viparIta dizAoM se Aye hue andha yugala Apasa meM TakarA kara samApta ho jAte haiM usI prakAra apane svabhAva se virUddha karma karane vAle prajAjana bhI saMgharSa meM phaMsakara naSTa ho jAte haiN| jo brAhmaNa rAjapatha para ArUDha hokara yuddha karate haiM ve brahma vRtti ke 142. isibhAsiyAI, 27/1, 2, 4, 5 143- jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 384-387

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 175 dvAra ko baMda kara lete haiM, jo ratha aura dhanuSa ko dhAraNa kara letA hai vaha brAhmaNa nahIM hai / brAhmaNa to vaha hai jo satya sambhASaNa karatA hai aura corI karma se dUra rahatA hai| saccA brAhmaNa maithuna aura parigraha kA sevana nahIM karatA hai apitu dharma ke vividha aMgoM kI sAdhanA meM nirata hokara adhyayana aura svAdhyAya meM lagA rahatA hai| jo samasta indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai aura satya draSTA hai, vahI brAhmaNa hai| vastutaH jo samasta zIlAMgoM ko pAlana karatA hai, vaha zIlaprekSI hI brAhmaNa kahalAne kA adhikArI haiM / saccA brAhmaNa pA~ca iMdriyoM ko jItakara divya AdhyAtmika kRSi karatA hai / 144 vastutaH RSibhASita meM sacce brAhmaNa ke jo lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM, ve hI prakArAntara yA zabdAntara se jaina graMtha uttarAdhyayana, bauddhagrantha, suttanipAta aura hindU paraMparA ke mahattvapUrNa graMtha mahAbhArata meM bhI milate haiM / 145 -0 144. isibhAsiyAI, 26/1-7 145. sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM uttarAdhyayana, suttanipAta aura mahAbhArata kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke graMtha "jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' " bhAga 2, adhyAya 11.

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176 aSTama adhyAya RSibhASita meM varNita sAmAjika darzana evaM cintana DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI vyakti ke sudhAra se samAja sudhAra hama isa tathya ko pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki sAmAnyatayA RSibhASita nivRttimArgI yA saMnyAsamArgI kI paraMparA kA graMtha hai, ataH unake sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika cintana ke jo saMdarbha upalabdha haiM, ve mUlataH vairAgyavAdI prakRti ke haiN| ve manuSya ko sAMsArika jIvana se vimukha karane ke lie hI hai| ataH usameM samAja - jIvana kA yathArthavAdI pakSa anupalabdha hai, mAtra kucha AdarzavAdI saMketa-sUtra prApta hai / usameM tyAga aura vairAgya ke jo upadeza upalabdha hai, unake AdhAra para hama yaha kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki usa yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana meM Aja kI hI bhAMti vyabhicAra, yuddha, saMgharSa, corI, vyAvasAyika, apramANikatA Adi aneka prakAra ke doSa rahe hoMge jinake nirAkaraNa ke lie evaM svastha sAmAjika jIvana ke nirmANa ke prayatna kiye jA rahe the| jaba RSibhASitakAra yaha kahatA hai ki hiMsA nahIM karanA cAhiye, jhUTha nahIM bolanA cAhiye, corI nahIM karanA cAhiye athavA brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhiye, to isase hama yaha phalita nikAla sakate haiM ki usa yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana meM hiMsA, asatya, cauryakarma, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ke saMcaya kI pravRtti avazya upasthita rahI hogI, kyoMki tabhI to inake virata hone kA nirdeza diyA gyaa| pUrva adhyAyoM meM hama isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se carcA kara cuke haiM ki RSibhASita meM aneka sthaloM para hiMsA, aprAmANikatA, cauryakarma, abrahmacarya aura parigraha se virata hone ke aneka saMdarbha hai| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye sabhI mAtra vaiyaktika jIvana kI nahIM, apitu sAmAjika jIvana kI bhI burAiyA~ haiM / inase na kevala vyakti kA cAritrika patana hotA hai, apitu sAmAjika zAMti, sAmAjika vyavasthA bhI bhaMga hotI hai| vastuta: ye sAmAjika burAiyA~ pratyeka yuga meM rahI hai| ataH RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ne bhI apane yuga kI ina sAmAjika burAiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna apane upadezoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA aura

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 177 ve ina burAiyoM se mukta svastha samAja kI saraMcanA ke lie prayatnazIla bhI rahe hoNge| yadyapi aise svastha samAja kI racanA kA yaha svapna mAtra eka Adarza yA svapna hI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki cAhe kitane hI prayatna kiye gae ho, samAja ina burAiyoM se kabhI bhI pUrNataH mukta nahIM ho sakA, kyoMki manuSya ke aMdara jo pazutva baiThA huA hai usase pUrNatayA mukti pA lenA sabhI manuSyoM ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki kisI vyakti vizeSa ko pUrNataH rUpAntarita karanA kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki sabhI vyakti apane aMdara baiThe hue pazu para vijaya prApta karane meM sakSama nahIM hote| RSibhASita ke adhyayana se eka bAta spaSTa hai vaha yaha ki RSibhASita ke RSi samAja sudhAra kI bAta na karake vyakti ke sudhAra kI bAta karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve samAjavAdI na hokara vyaktivAdI haiN| unakI mAnyatA yahI rahI hai ki jaba taka vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM hotA hai, taba taka samAja ko ina burAiyoM se mukta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH ve vyakti-sudhAra ke AMdolana ke samarthaka mAne jA sakate haiN| unakA sAmAjika darzana aura cintana isI tathya para AdhArita rahA hogA ki vyakti ke sudhAra se hI samAja kA sudhAra saMbhava hai| sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana kA dvaita vartamAna yuga kI sabase mukhya burAI yaha hai ki vyakti ke jIvana meM eka doharApana hai aura vaha apane isa doharepana ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI vaha dohare mAnadaNDoM kA prayoga karatA hai| usameM apane doSoM ko chipAne aura dUsare ke doSoM ko prakaTa karane kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai| RSibhASita 'aMgirasa' nAmaka RSi isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| RSibhASita ke caturtha aMgirasa adhyAya meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, usase yaha spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki usa yuga meM bhI manuSya doharA jIvana jIte the aura unake jIvana meM ekarUpatA nahIM thii| jIvana kA yaha doharApana sAmAjika kSetra meM sabase pramukha burAI kahI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki isake kAraNa eka ora pArasparika vyavahAra meM dohare mAnadaNDa khar3e hote haiM vahI kathana aura vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA na hone ke kAraNa paraspara sandeha aura avizvAsa janma lete haiM, jisase samAja kI zAMti bhaMga ho jAtI hai, kyoMki samAja pArasparika vizvAsa aura naitika mAnadaNDoM kI ekarUpatA para hI khar3A hotA hai| RSibhASita meM isa sthiti para vyaMgya karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki kucha vyakti aise hote hai| jinakA sabhA meM dUsarA rUpa hotA hai aura ekAnta meM kucha dUsarA rUpa hotA hai arthAta ve karate kucha hai aura kahate kucha hai|' aMgirasa aise vyaktiyoM ke saMdarbha meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki ve dharma ke lie sadA anupasthita hai| arthAta ve samAja vyavasthA ke lie eka abhizApa hI siddha hote 1. isibhAsiyAI, 4/8 2. vahI, 4/9

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178 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI haiN| isI prasaMga meM aMgirasa ne sAmAjika jIvana meM pracalita binA vicAre anukaraNa karane kI pravRtti yA bher3a cAla kI bhI niMdA kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki duniyA vAle kalyANakArI ko pApakArI aura pApakArI ko sadAcArI batalAte hai| unhoMne andhAnukaraNa kI isa pravRtti ko bhI sAmAjika jIvana ke lie eka abhizApa hI mAnA thA, kyoMki isake kAraNa samAja meM samyaka guNoM ke prati sanniSThA kI sthApanA saMbhava nahIM thii| RSibhASita aura strI-puruSa saMbaMdha __ RSibhASita ke sAmAjika ciMtana meM strI aura puruSa ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko lekara bhI carcA huI hai| yaha satya hai ki RSibhASita ke kucha RSi aise haiM, jo nArI kI apekSA puruSa kI jyeSThatA aura zreSThatA ko svIkAra karate hai| RSibhASita ke bAisaveM adhyayana meM gadrabhAlI nAmaka RSi spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki dharma puruSa pradhAna hai| ve kahate haiM ki dharma puruSa se sthApita hotA hai, vaha puruSa pradhAna, puruSa jyeSTha, puruSa kalpita, puruSa pradyotti, puruSa samanvita aura puruSa ko keMdrita karake rahatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ dhArmika jIvana meM bhI puruSa ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| isI adhyAya meM nArI niMdA bhI vizeSa rUpa se dekhI jAtI hai, isameM kahA gayA hai ki ve grAma aura nagara dhikkAra ke yogya hai, jahA~ para mahilA zAsana karatI hai aura ve puruSa bhI dhikkAra ke yogya hai, jo nArI ke vazIbhUta hai| nArI niMdA karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sarpa veSThita latA ke samAna hai, jo puruSa ko AkarSita karake, use du:khI banA detI hai| use siMhayukta svarNa guphA, viSayukta puSpoM kI mAlA, viSa mizrita gandha-guTikA tathA bhaMvarayukta nadI kahA gayA hai| vaha madonmatta banA dene vAlI madirA ke samAna hai| vaha kula kA nAza karane vAlI, nidhana kA tiraskAra karane vAlI, sarvaduHkhoM kA pratiSThA sthAna aura Aryatva kA nAza karane vAlI hai| jisa grAma aura nagara meM striyA~ balavAna hokara belagAma ghor3e kI taraha svacchanda hotI hai, ve vastutaH tiraskAra ke yogya hai| isa samasta carcA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki RSibhASita ke gadrabhAlI RSi spaSTa rUpa se nArI ko heya dRSTi se dekhate haiN| kintu isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki zramaNa paraMparA mAtra nArI niMdaka hai, ucita nahIM hogaa| yaha sahI hai ki zramaNa paraMparA ke aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paraMparA ke aneka graMthoM jaise-sUtrakRtAMga, taMdulavaicArika Adi graMthoM meM anekoM pRSTha nArI niMdA se bhare hue haiN| kintu isa AdhAra para una graMthoM 3. isibhAsiyAI, 4/13 4. purisAdIyA dhammA purisapavarA purisajeTTha purisakappiyA purisapajjovitA--1 vahI, 22/1 6. vahI, 22/12-6 7. vahI, 22n -vahI, 22/gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 179 athavA unake jur3I huI paraMparA ko nArI niMda mAna lenA bhrAntijanaka hI hogaa| yahA~ kisI bhI nirNaya para pahu~cane ke pUrva hameM zramaNa paraMparA kI jIvana dRSTi ko samajhanA hogaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki zramaNa paraMparA vairAgya pradhAna hai, usameM jo nArI niMdA ke citra milate haiM, unakA prayojana nArI ke vyaktitva ko girAnA nahIM hai, apitu puruSa ko nArI ke prati AkarSita hokara vAsanA meM lipta hone se bacAnA hai| vastutaH nArI niMdA ke ye samasta citraNa puruSa ko nArI se vimukha karane ke lie yA usameM vairAgya bhAva jAgRta karane ke lie hI hai| kyoMki yadi usake sammukha nArI jIvana ke vikRta pakSa ko ubhArA nahIM jAyegA to usakI nArI ke prati Asakti nahIM ttuuttegii| yahA~ niMdA, niMdA ke lie nahIM kintu vairAgya ke lie haiN| zramaNa paraMparA meM nArI ko samucita gaurava pradAna karane kA hI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yahI eka aisI paraMparA hai jo nArI ko puruSa se svataMtra hokara jIvana jInA sikhAtI hai aura spaSTa rUpa se yaha udghoSita karatI hai ki nArI kI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatI hai| yahI eka aisI paraMparA hai, jisameM nArI puruSa ko prabodhita kara use sanmArga para lAtI hai| jaina zramaNa paraMparA meM brAhatI, suMdarI aura rAjImati Adi aisI aneka nAriyoM ke ullekha hai jo puruSoM ko prabodhita karake sanmArga kI dizA meM le giiN| ata: RSibhASita meM nArI niMdA ke kucha citraNoM ko dekhakara yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki vaha nArI ko koI mahattva aura mUlya hI nahIM detA hai| RSibhASita aura pArivArika saMbaMdha RSibhASita meM hameM aneka prakAra ke pArivArika saMbaMdhoM ke ullekha milate haiM jaise bhAI-bahana, pitA-putra, pitA-putrI, pati-patnI, mA~-putra, mA~-putrI, RSibhASita ina vividha prakAra ke pArivArika saMbaMdhoM kA nirdeza to karatA hai, kintu usakI dRSTi meM ye sabhI pArivArika saMbaMdha vyakti ke lie duHkha kA kAraNa mAne gae haiN| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki ina pArivArika saMbaMdhoM ke prati rAgabhAva vyakti ko baMdhana meM bAMdhatA hai aura unake prati ghaTita hone vAle du:kha saMkaTa, vyakti ke apane duHkha saMkaTa bana jAte haiN| RSibhASita ke 'mahAkAzyapa' nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "bhAI ke maraNa se bhagini ke maraNa se, putra ke maraNa se, putrI ke maraNa se, bhAryA ke maraNa se, athavA anya svajana mitra, bandhu-bAMdhavoM ke maraNa se, unakI daridratA se, unake bhojanAbhAva se, duHkhagrasta hotA hai, vaha unake viyoga, apamAna, nindA, parAjaya Adi du:khoM se svayaM bhI dukhita hotA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita ke lekhaka kI dRSTi meM vyakti eka ora inhIM pArivArika saMbaMdhoM ke kAraNa parivAra evaM samAja se baMdhA huA hai, to dUsarI ora ye sabhI pArivArika saMbaMdha vyakti ke daHkha aura pIDA ke kAraNa bhI hai| 8. dekhe, jaina dharma meM nArI kI bhUmikA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pR. 9. isibhAsiyAI, 7/gadyabhAga 10. isibhAsiyAI, 1/gadyabhAga

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180 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI RSibhASita meM hameM pArivArika jIvana ke prati pArasparika dAyitvoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki pArivArika saMbaMdhoM aura dAyitvoM kI vistRta carcA na hone kA kAraNa mUlataH usakA sanyAsa pradhAna yA vairAgya pradhAna dRSTikoNa hI hai| kyoMki nivRttimArgI paraMparA ne sadaiva hI pArivArika, jIvana ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM eka bAdhA hI mAnA thaa| usameM pArivArika saMbaMdhoM ke prati vizvasanIyatA kA bhAva parilakSita na hokara avizvasanIyatA kA hI bhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM RSibhASita ke tetalIputra nAmaka adhyayana kA nimna saMdarbha draSTavya hai| ve kahate he| ki zramaNa brAhmaNa kahate haiM ki zraddhA (vizvAsa) karanA cAhiye kintu maiM kahatA hU~ ki zraddhA vizvAsa nahIM karanA caahiye| 'maiM' saparijana hokara bhI aparijana hU~, mere ina vacanoM para kauna vizvAsa karegA? maiM putra sahita hokara bhI putrarahita hU~, mere isa kathana ko kauna mAnegA? maiM samitra hokara bhI mitra rahita hU~, isa bAta para kauna vizvAsa karegA? kauna isa bAta para vizvAsa karegA ki mujhe apane svajana aura parijanoM se virAga ho gayA hai? kauna isa bAta para vizvAsa karegA ki jAti, kula, rUpa, vinaya Adi se yukta merI patnI mujhase vimukha ho gaI hai| tetalIputra ke upayukta vacana spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ke sUcaka hai ki nirvANa mArga ke abhilASI ke lie ye samasta pArivArika saMbaMdha aura pArivArika dAyitva nirarthaka bana jAte haiN| eka anAsakta vItarAga puruSa ina samagra saMbaMdhoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| tetalIputra kI dRSTi meM ye samasta pArivArika saMbaMdha vizvasanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki ye sabhI svArthoM para AdhArita hote haiN| jahA~ svArthoM kI pUrti nahIM hotI hai| vairAgyavAdI jIvana dRSTi ke lie pArivArika saMbaMdha athavA sAmAjika saMbaMdha yathArtha nahIM hai, apitu ve Aropita hai aura jo Aropita hai ve vizvasanIya nahIM hai| RSibhASita kI pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke prati niSedhAtmaka jIvana dRSTi AlocanA kA viSaya ho sakatI hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM kI avehalanA karatA hai| nizcaya hI hama isa tathya se sahamata hai ki usameM pArivArika saMbaMdhoM aura dAyitvoM kI upekSA huI hai, kintu usakA mUla kAraNa usakI vairAgyavAdI jIvana-dRSTi hai| vairAgyavAda RSibhASita ke sabhI RSiyoM kA eka sAmAnya jIvana darzana hai| yaha eka alaga prazna hai ki yaha vairAgyavAda ucita hai yA anucita hai| yadi RSibhASita saMnyAsImArgI jIvana-dRSTi ko lekara cala rahA hai to usameM pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM kI yaha upekSA svAbhAvika hI hai| yaha upekSA svAbhAvika hI hai| RSibhASita aura varNa vyavasthA varNa-vyavasthA bhAratIya sAmAjika cintana kI eka aparihArya avadhAraNA rahI hai| vaidika sAhitya meM hameM varNavyavasthA saMbaMdhI ullekha prAcIna kAla se hI milane 11. isibhAsiyAI, 10/gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 181 lagate haiN| cAra varNoM kI kalpanA paramapuruSa ke cAra aMgoM ke rUpa meM kI gaI haiM usameM kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa usakA mukha hai, kSatriya usakI bhujAe~ hai, vaizya usakA peTa hai aura zudra usake paira hai| kucha ise isa prakAra bhI vyAkhyAyita karate haiM ki use mukha se brAhmaNa, bhujAoM se kSatriya, peTa se vaizya aura caraNa se zudra utpanna hue| hamArI dRSTi meM yaha prazna utpatti kA nahI hai, apitu samAjavyavasthA ke aMtargata unake sthAna para kArya ke nirdhAraNa kA hai| vastutaH samAja puruSa ke hI ye cAra aMga kahe jA sakate haiN| samAja kA vicAraka varga brAhmaNa, saMrakSaka varga kSatriya, poSaka varga vaizya aura samAjasevI hI zUdra nAma se abhihita hue haiN| jahA~ taka zramaNa paraMparAoM kA prazna hai unameM pahale Arya aura anArya aise hI do prakAra ke varga milate haiN| RSibhASita meM bhI hameM AryAyaNa nAmaka unnIsaveM adhyAya meM hame Arya aura anArya kI yaha carcA upalabdha hotI hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki anArya vicAra aura anArya AcAra tathA anArya mitroM kA parityAga kara, Aryatva ko prApta karane ke lie samupasthita ho|12 kyoMki AryoM kA jJAna zreSTha hotA hai, Arya ke darzana zreSTha hotA hai| aura Arya kA caritra zreSTha hotA hai; isalie Aryatva kA hI sevana karanA caahiye|13 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita prathamaH samAja ko Arya aura anArya aise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai| kintu Age calakara usameM bhAratIya cAturvarNya vyavasthA ke bhI saMketa milane lagate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki bhArata meM RSibhASita ke kAla taka varNavyavasthA kI avadhAraNa suspaSTa ho cukI thii| varNavyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM hameM aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki prAraMbha meM yaha varNavyavasthA lacIlI thI aura karmoM ke AdhAra para athavA vyakti ke caritra aura saMskAra ke AdhAra para varNa parivartana saMbhava thA, kintu Age calakara purohita varga ne, jo brAhmaNa thA apane adhikAra ko surakSita rakhane ke lie ise vaMzAnugata banAne kA prayatna kiyA, tAki unake saMtAnoM kA, purohitya karma kA adhiAkara surakSita rhe| zramaNa paraMparAoM ne varNa vyavasthA kI isa avadhAraNA ko svIkAra to kiyA kintu ve isa bAta se sahamata nahIM hue ki yaha varNa vyavasthA janmanA haiN| unhoMne varNa vyavasAyI ko karmaNA hI mAnA aura yaha mAnA ki vyakti ke karma aura AcaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha varNa parivartana saMbhava hai| jaina paraMparA ke prAcInatama graMtha uttarAdhyayana, jo ki kisI samaya RSibhASita ke sAtha hI prazna vyAkaraNa kA eka aMga mAnA jAtA thA, meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vyakti karma se hI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zudra hotA hai|4 varNavyavasthA kI yaha karmaNA avadhAraNA na kevala jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM meM, apitu bhagavadgItA meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai, usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki guNa aura karma ke AdhAra para hI ina cAroM varSoM ko sRSTa kiyA gayA hai|5 12. isibhAsiyAI, 19/1 13. isibhAsiyAI, 19/5

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182 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI jahA~ taka RSibhASita kA prazna hai, usameM spaSTa rUpa se cAroM vargoM ke ullekha hameM milate haiN| usameM na kevala ina cAroM vargoM kA ullekha hai, apitu yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki apane varga ke nirdhArita karma kA parityAga karake anya varNa ke kArya karanA ucita nahIM hai| mAtaMga nAmaka RSi kahate haiM ki yadi kSatriya aura vaNika yajJa yAga Adi karma kareM aura brAhmaNa zastrajIvI ho, to yaha aisA hI hogA jaise viparIta dizAoM se Ate hue andha puruSa Apasa meM hI TakarA jAte hai|16 brAhmaNoM ke lie spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tuma brAhmaNa (mAhaNa arthAta hiMsA nahIM karane vAle) hokara bhI yuddha kI zikSA kyoM grahaNa karate ho? ratha aura dhanuSadhArI vyakti brAhmaNa nahIM ho sakatA? isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM bhI gItA ke samAna hI apane-apane varNa ke lie nizcita karma ko karane kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti apane guNa aura svabhAva ke AdhAra para nirdhArita varNa kA karma kareM yaha bAta RSibhASitakAra ko mAnya rahI hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita karmaNA AdhAra para varNavyavasthA ko mAnya karate hue bhI na to vargoM meM kisI varNa meM zreSTha aura kisI varNa ke adhama hone kA ullekha karatA hai aura na isa bAta kA hI samarthana karatA hai ki AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa kI yAtrA kisI eka varNa vizeSa kA adhikAra hai| usake anusAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA patha sabhI vargoM ke lie samAna rUpa se khulA huA hai|, jo bhI apanI kaSAyoM ko kSINa karegA aura vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati dayA yA kAruNya bhAva kA dhAraka hogA vaha vyakti cAhe brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zudra ho vaha Atmavizuddhi ko prApta karegA aura pApa virata hokara nirvANa kA adhikArI bnegaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita AdhyAtmika vizuddhi aura nirvANa ko prApta karane kA adhikAra kisI varNa vizeSa ke lie surakSita nahIM rakhatA hai, apitu yaha mAnatA hai ki jo bhI vyakti adhyAtma kI sAdhanA karegA vaha nirvANa kA adhikArI hogaa| saMkSepa meM RSibhASita meM varNavyavasthA kI avadhAraNA mAnya hai, kiMtu yaha vyavasthA janmanA na hokara karmaNA hI mAnI gaI hai| vaha yaha mAnya karatA hai ki pratyeka varNa ko apanA kArya karanA cAhiye, kintu isase koI U~ca yA nIca nahIM hotA haiM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura nirvANa prApti kA adhikAra sabhI ko samAna rUpa se upalabdha hai, usameM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki vyakti brAhmaNa janma se nahIM, apane naitika caritra se banatA hai jo apanI indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai, zIlaprekSI hai, satyaprekSI hai tathA jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati kalyANazIla hai aura jisakI AtmA vizuddha hai use brAhmaNa hI kahA jAnA 14. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 25/33 15. dekhe, jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 181, 82 16. isibhAsiyAI, 26/2 17. vahI, 26/4 18. dekheM, jaina bauddha gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 19. isibhAsiyAI,85/15

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183 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana caahiye| isa prakAra RSibhASita brAhmaNa kI vyAkhyA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se karatA hai| saccA brAhmaNa kauna hai, isakI carcA hama sAtaveM adhyAya meM kara cuke haiN| ata: usakI yahA~ punarUkti karanA ucita nahIM hai| RSibhASita aura puruSArtha catuSTaya RSibhASita meM hameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM hI puruSArtho kA ullekha milatA hai|21 kintu zramaNa paraMparA kA graMtha hone ke kAraNa isameM puruSArtha catuSTaya meM se dharma aura mokSa ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki usameM artha aura kAma ina do puruSArthoM ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| na to vaha kAma ke sevana ko ucita mAnatA hai aura na artha ke saJcaya evaM mahattva ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki kAmarUpI mRSAmukhI kaiMcI, yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se sukha kA anukaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| kintu yaha zIghra hI vyakti kI sukha aura zAMti kA chedana kara detI hai| jisa prakAra magara se yukta sarovara, viSa mizrita nArI aura sAmiSa nadI sukha kAraka pratIta hote hue bhI aMtataH duHkhadAyI hI hotI hai, usI taraha bhogAkAMkSA aura vAsanA kI pUrti sukhada pratIta hote hue bhI mUlataH du:khada hI hotI hai|22 RSibhASitakAra kA yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki kAmabhogoM ke sevana se cAhe bAhya rUpa se sukha milatA ho kintu ve AdhyAtmika samAdhi aura zAMti kA bhaMga hI karate haiN| isI prakAra artha ke saMbaMdha meM bhI RSibhASita kA dRSTikoNa prazasta nahIM hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki baMdhana sone kA ho yA lohe kA, vaha du:kha kA kAraNa hI hotA hai| bahumUlya vAle daNDa se mArane para pIr3A to hotI hai| 23 RSibhASita ke ar3atIsaveM adhyayana meM sAriputta kahate haiM ki 'arthAdAyI' arthAta dhanalolupa vyakti ko mana ko AkarSita karane vAlI mIThI bhASA bolane vAlA smjho| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki arthalolupa vyakti bAhara se madhura vyavahAra karatA hai kintu vaha aMdara meM ahitakAraka hI hotA hai| usakI artha grahaNa kI isa visaMgatipUrNa saMtati paraMparA ko dekhakara dhanalolupa vyakti se dUra hI calanA caahiye|24 isa prakAra RSibhASita meM artha aura kAma donoM hI puruSArthoM ke prati upekSAbhAva hI pradarzita kiyA gayA haiM, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki isakA mUlabhUta kAraNa bhI graMthakAra kI sanyAsImArgI jIvana-dRSTi hai| artha aura kAma donoM hI sanyAsI ke lie bAdhaka mAne gae haiM, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI hai ki graMthakAra ina donoM puruSArthoM ke prati upekSAbhAva pradarzita kareM aura dharma aura mokSa ko hI parama puruSArtha maaneN| 20. vahI, 26/6 21. vahI, 36/12 22. isibhAsiyAI, 45/44, 46 23. vahI, 45/50 24. vahI, 38/26

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184 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI navam adhyAya upasaMhAra RSibhASita prAkRta sAhitya ke prAcInatama graMthoM meM se eka haiM! isakI bhASA Arya prAkRta yA prAcIna ardhamAgadhI hai| isakA racanAkAla vidvAnoM ne IsavIM pUrva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI mAnA hai, jo hameM upayukta lagatA hai| jahA~ taka grantha ke racayitA kA prazna hai hameM kisI bhI srota se koI aisA nirdeza upalabdha nahIM huA jisake AdhAra para isa grantha ke racayitA kA nirNaya kiyA jA ske| yadyapi isakI racanA zailI tathA pratyeka adhyAya ke upodghAta aura samApana meM samarUpatA ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki yaha saMgraha graMtha na hokara ke kisI eka hI vyakti kI racanA hai, jisane anuzruti se prApta zramaNa aura brAhmaNa dhArA ke RSiyoM ke vacanoM kA saMkalana isameM kiyA hai| yadyapi isa saMkalana meM jaina paramparA kA kucha prabhAva AyA hai- aisA lagatA hai aura racayitA ke jaina paramparA se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa aisA honA svAbhAvika bhI hai| isameM 44 RSiyoM aura utkaTavAdiyoM ke jina vicAroM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai usase aisA avazya lagatA hai ki grantha nirmAtA eka udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi se sampanna rahA hogaa| yaha graMtha vaicArika udAratA aura dhArmika sahiSNutA kA prAcInatama evaM ananya graMtha hai; kyoMki isameM na kevala jaina paramparA ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai apitu bauddha, aupaniSadika evaM anya zramaNa dhArA ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA bhI saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM unheM arhat RSi, arhat buddha, mAhaNa brAhmaNa- RSi aise udAratama vizeSaNoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI paramparA meM dUsarI paramparA ke vyaktiyoM ke vicAra sAmAnyatayA AlocanA kI dRSTi se hI prastuta kiye jAte haiN| kintu isa graMtha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sabhI RSiyoM ke vicAroM ko Adara aura sammAnapUrvaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura unakI AlocanA kA kahIM bhI koI nirdeza nahIM hai| yahA~ taka ki bhautikavAdI cArvAka paramparA ke vicAroM ko bhI usI prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra anya RSiyoM ke upadeza ko| yadyapi itanA avazya hai ki bhautikavAda ke prastotA kisI

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185 RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana RSi kA nirdeza isameM nahIM hai| bhautikavAda kA nirdeza utkaTavAdiyoM ke nAma se huA hai| isameM jina RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai unameM nArada, asita, devala, aMgirasa, yAjJavalkya, vidura, aruNa, uddAlaka, dvaipAyana Adi aupaniSadika paramparA ke suvizruta RSi hai| isI prakAra mahAkAzyapa, sAriputta aura vajjiyaputta kA ullekha bauddha paramparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| pArzva, vardhamAna, ambar3a, mAtaMga, Ardraka, tetalIputta ke ullekha jaina paramparA meM pAye jAte haiN| maMkhaliputta, rAmaputta, saMjaya (velaTThIputta) Adi buddha aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna anya zramaNa paramparAoM ke RSi haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM IsavIM pUrva chaThIM zatAbdI taka ke lokavizruta aneka RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA thaa| usameM isa tathya kA koI vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki kisa paramparA vizeSa se sambandhita hai| samanvaya, dhArmika sahiSNutA aura udAratA kA ise bar3hakara anya koI udAharaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| jahA~ taka ina RSiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hai, zubriga aura DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Adi ne isa tathya ko vistArapUrvaka pramANita kiyA hai ki isameM soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizravaNa ina cAra lokapAloM ko chor3akara isake bAkI sabhI vyakti aitihAsika haiM, kAlpanika nhiiN| ina RSiyoM meM se lagabhaga paiMtIsa RSi aise haiM, jinake ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta bhI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparA ke anya graMthoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiM jisake AdhAra para inakI aitihAsikatA sunizcita kI jA sakatI hai| hamane prathama adhyAya meM inhIM saba pakSoM ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa evaM vistArapUrvaka carcA kI hai| isa adhyAya ke lekhana ke saMdarbha meM zubriga aura DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI bhUmikAe~ hamAre liye upajIvya rahI haiN| isa zodha prabaMdha kA dvitIya adhyAya mukhya rUpa se jJAna mImAMsA se sambandhita hai; kintu mujhe yaha svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kA saMkoca nahIM hai, ki prastuta graMtha meM kisI bhI jJAnamImAMsIya siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa nahIM pAyA jaataa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha graMtha usa kAla kA hai jaba jJAna mImAMsIya siddhAMta astitva meM hI nahIM Aye the| prastuta graMtha mAtra ajJAna ko du:kha kA mUla kAraNa batAkara jJAna ke mahattva kI sthApanA karatA hai| isameM jJAna se tAtparya saMsAra, du:kha aura duHkha ke kAraNoM ke jJAna se hI liyA gayA hai| jJAna ke mahattva kI carcA isake ikkIsaveM, taiMtIsaveM aura paiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM vistAra se pAI jAtI hai| phira bhI vaha upadezAtmaka haidArzanika yA tArkika nahIM hai| ataH itanA to mAnanA hI hogA ki isa graMtha meM jJAna sambandhI kisI dArzanika siddhAMta kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| yaha mAtra sAdhanA aura AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ke saMdarbha meM jJAna ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karatA hai| prastuta zodha nibandha kA tRtIya adhyAya tattva mImAMsA se sambandhita hai| RSibhASita kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isako tattvamImAMsIya carcAoM meM cArvAkoM ke

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DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI bhautikavAda, bauddhoM ke santativAda, kSaNikavAda aura paMcaskandhavAda jainoM ke nityAnityavAda yA pariNAmI nityatAvAda, sAMkhyoM aura aupaniSadika vicArakoM ke AtmakUTasthatAvAda, paMcamahAbhUtavAda, pArzva ke paMcAstikAyavAda Adi vividha tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM para saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM bauddha, jaina, aupaniSadika evaM sAMkhya paramparAoM kI prAcIna tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAe~ nirdiSTa hai / yadyapi prastuta graMtha meM kisI bhI tattvamImAMsIya siddhAMta kI dArzanika dRSTi se samAlocanA nahIM kI gaI hai, mAtra yahI batAyA gayA hai ki ina siddhAMtoM ko mAnakara vyakti kisI prakAra apanI AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ko prApta kara sakatA hai| RSibhASita ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa kAla meM vibhinna tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAe~ vyakti ko sAMsArikatA se vimukha karake AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara hone ke lie eka pUrva pIThikA ke rUpa meM prastuta kI jAtI thI / isa prakAra prastuta graMtha tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM ko naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI adhimAnyatA ke rUpa meM hI prastuta karatA hai| yahA~ tattvamImAMsA, tattvamImAMsA ke lie na hokara AdhyAtmika aura naitika vizuddhi ke lie hI AdhArabhUta mAnI gaI hai| 186 zodha prabandha kA caturtha adhyAya karma siddhAMta kA vivecana karatA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki karma siddhAMta bhAratIya naitika cintana kI AdhArabhUmi hai| sabhI bhAratIya vicAraka cAhe ve kisI bhI zramaNa aura aupaniSadika paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoM, karma siddhAMta ko mAnakara cale haiN| karma siddhAMta kI carcA RSibhASita ke adhikAMza adhyAyoM meM pAI jAtI hai| RSibhASita karmoM ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kI aura unake zubhAzubha phaloM kI carcA vistAra se karatA hai| kintu usakA mukhya uddezya karma granthI kA vimocana hai| ataH RSibhASita meM bhI isa bAta para bala diyA gayA hai ki vyakti ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA atikramaNa karanA cAhiye / zubha aura azubha se Upara uThakara zuddha AdhyAtmika dazA meM avasthita honA hI bhAratIya sAdhanA paddhati kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai, jisakA nirdeza hameM RSibhASita meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| RSibhASita meM bauddhoM ke santativAda kA vivecana bhI isI karma siddhAMta ke prasaMga meM hI huA hai| mahAkAzyapa, sAriputta aura vajjiyaputta nAmaka adhyAyoM meM ise tathya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| prastuta zodha nibandha kA pA~cavA adhyAya manovijJAna se sambandhita hai| RSibhASita ke cauthe adhyAya meM mAnava prakRti kA sundara vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isake atirikta anya adhyAyoM meM bhI pA~coM indriyoM aura unake viSayoM kI na kevala carcA kI gaI hai, kintu saMyama sAdhanA ke saMdarbha meM yaha prazna bhI uThAyA gayA hai ki indriyoM ko upasthiti meM sendriyoM ke viSayoM meM karatA hai ki indraya nirodha kA tAtparya indriyoM ko apane viSayoM ke bhoga se vaMcita karanA nahIM, apitu indriya kA, apane

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RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana 187 viSaya se samparka hone para citta kA anukUla viSayoM ke prati rAga aura pratikUla viSayoM ke prati dveSa se virakta rakhanA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita damana kI manovaijJAnika samasyA kA bhI samyak samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| isa carcA ke atirikta prastuta adhyAya meM saMjJA, kaSAya Adi manovaijJAnika tathyoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha nibandha kA SaSTham adhyAya RSibhASita ke AdhyAtmika evaM naitika jIvana darzana kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai| isa adhyAya meM niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kI samasyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki niyativAda kA mukhya prayojana vyakti meM anAsakta jIvana dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hai| niyati aura puruSArtha donoM hI AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi sAdhanA ke liye apekSita haiN| ata: jIvana meM donoM kA samyaka sthAna nirdhArita karanA Avazyaka hai| RSibhASita ke maMkhali, gauzAlaka niyativAda ke puraskartA haiM, kintu unakA yaha niyativAda mukhya rUpa se vitta samAdhi ke lie haiM kyoMki puruSArthavAdI avadhAraNA vitta kI vikalpoM se yukta banAtI hai| nivRttimArgI jIvana darzana meM niyativAda eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai, isa tathya ko RSibhASita mAnya karatA hai| kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki RSibhASita meM puruSArthavAda kI avahelanA kI gaI hai| tapa aura dhyAna sAdhanA tathA samyak AcAra ke paripAlana ke lie RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM ne puruSArthavAda kA samarthana kiyA hai aura use sAdhanA kSetra meM sakriya bane rahane kA nirdeza diyA hai| RSibhASita kA saptama adhyAya mukhya rUpa se sAdhanA mArga se sambandhita hai| isameM hamane vistAra se isa tathya kI carcA kI hai ki RSibhASita ke vibhinna RSi kisa prakAra se mokSa kI prApti ke lie vibhinna upAyoM kA nirdeza karate haiN| sarvaprathama to RSibhASita meM vibhinna RSiyoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai| sAtha hI ye sabhI RSi bhI eka hI paramparA ke na hokara, vibhinna paramparA ke haiN| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki RSibhASita meM kisI eka sAdhanA mArga kA nirdeza na milakara vibhinna sAdhanA mArgoM kA nirdeza huA hai| koI RSi jJAna para bala detA hai to koI dhyAna pr| kisI ke lie sadAcAra hI sAdhanA kA kendra hai to koI zraddhA para bala detA hai| kintu koI zraddhA kA virodha karake azraddhA kA tAtparya sAMsArika vyaktiyoM aura vastuoM ke prati azraddhA se hI hai| RSibhASita meM tetalIputra isa azraddhA ke pramukha pratipAdaka haiN| RSibhASita meM varNita sAdhanA vaividhya kI carcA hamane isa adhyAya meM vistAra se kI hai| sAdhanA vaividhya ke hote hue lakSya kI ekarUpatA unakI viziSTatA hai| isI adhyAya meM pAva ke cAturyAma tathA anya RSiyoM ke paMcayAma yA pA~ca mahAvratoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki paMcayAma, paMcazIla aura paMcamahAvrata bhAratIya naitika cintana ke AdhArabhUta tathya haiN| sAtha hI samiti, gupti, pariSad Adi kI bhI vistRta carcA kI

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188 DaoN. sAdhvI pramodakumArIjI gaI hai| ye avadhAraNAe~ mukhyata: jaina paramparA meM pAI jAtI hai| aSTam adhyAya meM RSibhASita ke sAmAjika darzana aura cintana ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM varNavyavasthA kI carcA kI ke prasaMga meM hama pAte haiM ki vaha varNa-vyavasthA ko svIkAra karake use karmaNA mAnatA hai aura pratyeka varNa ko apane niyata karma karane kA nirdeza detA hai| punaH puruSArthoM meM vaha mokSa ko mahattva detA hai| niSkarSa meM hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM vividha sAdhanA mArgoM kA nirdeza huA hai| usameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, dhyAna Adi ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| kintu yahA~ hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki RSibhASita ke aneka RSi ina sabako samanvita rUpa meM dekhate haiM aura jJAna aura sadAcaraNa ke samanvaya meM hI mukti kI upalabdhi sambhava mAnate haiN| -0

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artha sahayogI zrI gujarAtI bIsA poravAr3a dhArmika evaM pAramArthika nyAsa zujAlapura a.bhA. bIsA poravAr3a sevA samAja caturtha adhivezana 28/2/09 zIAna dvIpa prajjavalita karate huesuzrAvaka zrI amRtalAlajI jaina, zrI nemIcaMdajI jaina (adhyakSa- jilA sahakArI baiMka zAjApura), zrI pArasajI jaina (maMtrI ma.pra. zAsana) DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina, zrI acala caudharI (adhyakSa) zrI pravINa jaina (saMyojaka) va. zrImatI sajanabAI mUthA evaM putra sva. zrI prakAza mUthA kI smRti meM mUthA parivAra ujjaina dvArA m sva. zrImatI sajanabAI mUthA parama deva AcArya samAra dvitIya paTTa para 1000 ityAda zrI Ananda jI ma.sA. kI sa caturtha adhivezana zujAlapura ke avasara para pravacana dete hue sAdhvI DaoN. pramodakumArajI apane sAdhvI maNDala ke sAtha sva. zrI prakAzajI mUthA

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pU. sAdhvI ratna DaoN. zrI pramoda kuMvarajI ma. kA sAMsArika paricaya / bhAI guru mAtA - sUrajabAIcaudharI pitA - zrImAnacAMdamalajIsA.caudharI janmasthAna - nImaca sITI janmatArIkha - 5-11-1948 gautra - dhUpiyA padavI caudharI bIsAosavAla zrItejakumArajI, zrI devendrakumArajI bahana subhadrAjI, indubAlAjI dIkSAparicaya - pa.pU.AcAryasamrATa 1008 zrIAnandaRSijI ma. guruNI - mAlava siMhanIpravartinIpa.pU. zrIratana kuMvara zrIjIma. dIkSA - Agara (ma.pra.) vyavahArika zikSA - hAyara sekaNDrI bI.e.ema.e., ephaeca.DI. iMgliza ema.e. prathama varSa, vardhA....madhyamA (golDa meDala) dhArmika adhyayana prathamA, madhyamA, prabhAkara zAstrajaina siddhAntAcArya jJAnadhyAna pucchIsuNaM, sukhavipAka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, nandI ityAdi 100 thokar3e dIkSAsana agahana, dinAMka 7-12-1966,budhavAra racanAtmaka sAmAjika kArya - Ananda gauzAlA aMjar3a, Ananda RSidhAma-zivapurI, Ananda vidyA maMdira-madrAsa, tAmbarama, Ananda silAI mazIna- nAgadA jaMkzana, Ananda buka baiMka-koyambaTura ujjaina, Ananda prasAda-bhopAla, Ananda divAkarasAdharmI phaMDa-nImacasITI, brAhmI bahumaMDala, zujAlapura, indaura, zivapurI, koyambaTura, paiMcI, gunA, bInA, nAgadA jaMkzana, Ananda bhavana zivapurIlokAzAhadhArmika pAThazAlAaura bhI choTebar3eaneka kArya vicaraNa kSetra madhyapradeza, mahArASTra, karnATaka, tamilanADU padavI-nImaca - jinazAsanacandrikApU.gautamamunijI prathamadvArA pradatta For Private Printed at Alcati Offset, UJJAIN Ph. 0734-2561720, 982767778