Jain Sahitya Samaroha Guchha 1

Author(s): Ramanlal C Shah, Kantilal D Kora, Pannalal R Shah, Gulab Dedhiya
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/014001/1

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jaina sAhitya samAroha A guccha 1 prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI

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jaina sAhitya samAroha ahevAlo temaja abhyAsa-lekhe ane vyAkhyAno guccha 1 saMpAdaka ramaNalAla cI. zAha kAntilAla DI. kerA pannAlAla 2. zAha. gulAba deDhiyA prakAzaka mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya oNgasTa krAMti mArga * mubaI-400036

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Jain Sahitya Samaroh - (Reports & Essays, Part-I Published in February - 1985 Price : Rs. 30-00 - jaina sAhitya samAreAha - guccha 1 (ahevAle temaja abhyAsalekhA ane vyAkhyAna) prathama AvRtti : phebruArI, 1985 nakala 100. kiMmata: rU. 30-00 AvaraNa-citra jaya 5celI - prakAzaka jaya tIlAla ratanacaMda zAha jagajIvana pI. zAhe ramaNalAla cI. zAha matrIe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya oNgasTa krAMti mA, muMbaI - 400 036 - mudraka DaoN. zivalAla jesalapurA svAti prinTiMga presa; rAjInI pALa, zAhapura cakalA, amadAvAda - 38001

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vAda ful - rka 2 -- | | | nAma vica zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA Adyapreraka samayakazI sva, AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAja

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prakAzakIya zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sthApanAnA preraka pa. pU. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajInI tathA vidyAlayanA Adya sthApakasatrI sva. meAtIcaMdra giradharalAla kApaDiyAnI bhAvanA sAhitya mATe eka alaga sasthA sthApavAnI hatI. evI sa MsthAnA upakrame prativarSa jaina sAhityanA abhyAsIonuM sa Mmelana yeAjavAnI dUra dezI emanAmAM hatI. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye tenA Adya sthApakanI A jJAnAne sasthAnI eka pravRttilekhe svIkArIte, evI pravRtti hAtha dharI, jaina sAhityanA lekhana-prakAzanamAM mahattvane phALe Apyo che. 4 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye I. sa. 1960nA arasAmAM ApaNA mULa Agama thAtu sazAdhana karI enA prakAzananI yAjanA hAtha dharI, Agamagra thAnAM sAdhana, sa`pAdana ane prakAzananI preraNA zrutazIlavAridhi mAgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI mahArAjazrIe ApI hatI. A yojanA heThaLa atyAra sudhImAM zrI naMdIsUtra,' zrI anuye gaddAra', ' zrI pannavA ' 1-2, -' bhagavatIsUtra'1-}, zrI AcArAMgasUtra', * zrI dazavaikAlikasUtra ', ' zrI uttarAyana sUtra', zrI AvazyakasUtra'; zrI sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ', zrI viyAhakRttisutta'' 1-2-3 maLI 12 prathA pAraziSTa yAdasUci, viSayasUci, gujarAtI prastAvanA ane aMgrejI anuvAda sAthe prakAzita thayela che. 5. pU. munizrI ja MbuvijayajI mahArAja-sa zASitasaMpAdita 'zrI ThANAMgasUtra' ane 'zrI samavAyoMgasUtra'nuM prakAzana TUMka samayamAM thaze. " * E 3

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zrI motIcaMda kApaDiyA graMthamALAmAM atyAra sudhImAM muni suMdara-kRta "adhyAtmakalpadruma', jenI daSTie ga', "AnaMdadhanajInAM pada 1-2, "AnaMdaghanajI covIzI, mahepAdhyAya zrI vinaya-- vijayabhuta zAMta sudhArasa" ityAdi graMthe pragaTa thayA che. zrI motIcaMdabhAI kApaDiyAnA vistRta vivecanavALA zrI umAsvAti vAcakaviracita dharmagraMtha "prazamarati'nA saMpAdana-prakAzananuM kArya cAlI rahyuM che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye A uparAMta rajata jayaMtI ane suvarNa jayaMtI mahotsava prasaMge pragaTa karela che ane AcArya zrI vijayavalabhasurIzvarajI mAraka graMtha saMzodhanAtmaka sAhityanI vipula sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. I. sa. 1893mAM cikAgomAM bharAyelI vizvadharma pariSadamAM jainadharmanuM pratinidhitva karanAra sva. vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhInuM hai. dIkSita saMpAdana karela "dhI sIsa sIsTamsa opha InDiyana philosophI" ane sva. De. motIcaMdra ane DeumAkAnta zAha-kRta "nyu DokayumaeNrsa opha jaina pachIraMga' ityAdi vidyAlayanAM prakAzanee deza-videzamAM pratiSThA vadhArI che. vidyAlayanI jaina dharma ane sAhityaviSayaka A pravRttimAM yazakalagIrUpe eka navI pravRttine I. sa. 1977mAM umere thaze. vidyAlayanA hIraka mahetsava nimite vyavasthApaka samitinI beThakamAM jina sAhitya, tatvajJAna, itihAsa, zilpa-sthApatya, citrakalA, patrakAratva - AdinuM niyamita parizIlana-parimArjana thAya e hetue jenA sAhitya samAroha yojavAnuM vicArAyuM. A pravRttine vidvAne ane samAja taraphathI evo umaLakAbharyo sahakAra maLe che ke A pravRttinuM sAtatya jaLavAI rahyuM. pariNAme mahuvA, surata, senagaDha (saurASTra) ane mAMDavI( kaccha)mAM anukrame dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha ane pAMcamo jaina sAhitya samAroha yojAye hate. have cho jene sAhitya

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samAzaha khaMbhAtamAM caiAjAI rahyo. che. samAjanI vidyAprItinu A sUcaka udAharaNa che. vividha sthaLAe A rIte ceAjAyelA jaina sAhitya samArohamAM rajU thayelA keTalAka niba Mdhenu graoNMtharUpe prakAzana karavAnA vidyAlayanI vyavasthApaka samitie niya karyAM ane tenA sapAdananI javAbadArI DaoN. ramaNulAla cI. zAha, zrI kAntilAla DAlrAbhAI dvArA, zrI pannAlAla 2. zAha ane prA. gulAba deDhiyAne soMpavAmAM AvI. amane jaNAvatAM AnaMda thAya che ke khUba ja TUMkA samayamAM sapAtAe A javAbadArI paripUrNa karI che. te mATe ame temanA AbhArI chIe, ATalA TUMkA gALAmAM svAti prinTiMga presanA mAlikrAe cIvaTapU ka mukAma ane prAyana karI ApyuM te mATe ame tene pazu AbhAra mAnIe chIe. AzA che ke vid-jagatamAM A prakAzana AvakAya ane upayAgI banaze. muMbaI, tA. 26-1-1985 vasa tapa camI ba tIlAla ratanacaMdde zAha jagajIvana pI. zAhuM ramaNalAla cI. zAhu matrIA

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sapAdakIya . jaina sAhitya samArehi ' ( ahevAlA temaja abhyAsalekhA ane vyAkhyAnA )-guccha 1 nAma A graMtha pragaTa thAya che e amA nI vAta che.. mana atyaMta ThTho jaina sAhitya-samArAha khaMbhAtamAM yAjavAnuM zrI mahAvIra. jaina vidyAlayanI vyavasthApaka samitie TharAvyuM, tenI sAthe sAthe agAu yeAAyelA pAMca samArehanA ahevAla tathA pasaMda karelA abhyAsalekhA-vyAkhyAnA paNu, chaThThA samArohanA prasa Mge graMtharUpe pragaTa karavAnuM TharAvyuM. ethI A graMthanuM prakAzana zakaya banyuM che. vadhatA jatA kAgaLanA bhAva ane mudraNakha temaja A prakAranAM gaMbhIra saMzodhanAtmaka-vivecanAtmaka lakhANAnAM pustakAnA echA vecANune lakSamAM letAM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye enA prakAzananI javAbadArI upADI lIdhI che te kharekhara praMzasAne pAtra che. jaina tattvajJAna, sAhitya, zilpa-sthApatya, citrakalA, itihAsa, patrakAratva ityAdinuM parizIlana karavA mATe zAsravizArada, suprasiddha jainAcAya sva. vijayadhama sUri ( kAzIvALA) e I. sa. 1941nA mArca mAsamAM jodhapuramAM jaina sAhitya samelananu' AyeAjana karyu hatuM. A saMmelana khUba saphaLa rahyuM hatuM. jA~nIthI DA. hana je AkhI temAM padhAryA hatA. paraMtu tyArapachI evA meATA pAyA upara jaina sAhitya samelana yekAyu nahAtu, alabatta vakhateAvakhata kAMka kayAMka nAnakaDI niMd-goSThi ceAjAI hatI. para`tu te thADA vidvAne ane gheADA traiAtAjanA pUratI maryAdita rahI hatI. 6

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jaina sAhitya mATe AvI jAhera pravRtti pharI cAlu karavAnuM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye enA hIraka mahotsava prasa Mge nakkI karyuM ane tanusAra I. sa. 1977mAM prathama jaina sAhitya samArAha muMbaImAM zrI kezavarAma kA. zAstrInA pramukhapade ceAjavAmAM AvyeA. e samAreAhanI saphaLatAthI prerAIne enA sa`yeAjAne ane vidyAlayanI vyavasthApaka samitine lAgyuM ke A pravRtti satata cAlu rAkhavA jevI che. sadbhAgye bhinna bhinna sasthAenAM nima...traNa dvArA tyArapachI anukrame mahuvA, surata, seAnagaDha ane mAMDavI(kaccha)mAM bIjo, trIjo, ceAtheA ane pAMcamA sA{hatya samAreha yAnnaye; ane have A chaThTho samAreAha khabhAtamAM yeAjAyA che. Ama, jaina sAhitya samAreAhanI pravRttimAM vega ane vistAra sadhAyA che. vadhu ane vadhu vidvAna A samArAhamAM sakriya bhAga levA lAgyA che. jaina sAhitya mATe eka prakAranI nagRtinuM vAtAvaraNa nirmAtuM ya che. nadInA UgamasthAnanuM sa`zAdhana karatAM jaNAya che ke prAraMbhamAM chUTAchavAyAM vaheNa, srota ane dhAdharUpe parvatanI hAramALAmAMthI vahetA nIrane! AgaLa jatAM saMgama thAya ane UchaLatA-kudatA, athaDAtA kUTAtA jharaNAmAMthI jema saritAnuM svarUpa badhAya tema jaina sAhitya samArehanu svarUpa baMdhAvAnI prakriyA atyArasudhInA samArAha daramiyAna gheADI gheADI thatI rahI che. samAreAhanI A pravRttimAM sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAne sthAna nathI; evI sa`kucitatA TakI zake paNa naMha. zrI khaMbhAta tAlukA sAnika keLavaNI maMDaLe chaThTho jaina sAhitya samArAha khaMbhAtamAM yeAjavA ApelA nima traNlR parathI A bhAbhatanI pratIti thaze. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanamAM agAu jaina vidyAne alaga vibhAga rahetA hatA. te chellAM keTalAMka varSothI baMdha thayeA che. 7

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evA vibhAganA navasaMskaraNarUpe, svataMtrapaNe saMpAdana-saMzodhana ane tulanAtmaka adhyayana thAya evI dRSTi A pravRtti pAchaLa rahelI che, kAraNa ke jena bhaMDAremAM sacavAyeluM sAhitya tathA zilpAdi kalAkRtionI sAmagrI atyaMta vipula pramANamAM upalabdha che. ' AvI bhUmikA chatAM jaina sAhitya samArohamAM rajU thatA badhA lekhe pragaTa karavA yogya ja che ema kahI zakAya nahIM. prAraMbhamAM protsAhana ApavAnI dRSTithI paNa lekhane AvakAravAmAM AvyA hoya evuM paNa banyuM che kharuM. vidvAna ane jijJAsuo A nimitta nikaTa Ave ane paraspara saMbaMdha baMdhAtAM bhaviSyamAM enuM supariNAma Ave evI sUjha paNa yeja koe dAkhavI heya. Ama chatAM evA prayatnonA pariNAme kALanI dRSTie kAyama TakI zake evuM kAma paNa A samArohamAM rajU thayelA lekha dvArA vatteoche aMze avazya thayuM che. A graMthamAM samArehanA lekhamAMthI pasaMdagI karavA mATe keTalIka bAbato lakSamAM levI paDI che. pAMceya jaina sAhitya samArohamAM rajU thayelA lekhe paikI keTalAka le ati vistRta che, to keTalAka lekha ati saMkSipta-mAtra nedharUpe ja jovA maLyA che. koI keTalAka viSaya upara eka karatAM vadhu lekho che. keTalAka lekhe lekhake pAse ja rahI gayA hoya ane zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya pAse enI nakala upalabdha na hoya evuM ye banyuM che. samAroha bAda koI koI lekhakoe potAnA lekhanI nakala pAchI maMgAvI lIdhI heAya evuM paNa banyuM che. badhA pramukha ane vibhAgIya pramukhanAM vyAkhyA upalabdha nathI, keTalAke mokhika vaktavya rajU karyuM hatuM. A saMpAdanamAM eka lekhakanI eka ja kRti levAnI maryAdA saMpAdakoe svIkArI che. pramukha ke vibhAgIya pramukha tarIke apAyelA vyAkhyAnane taduparAMta sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. pRSThasaMkhyA,

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viSaSenuM vaividhya ane guNavattAne lakSamAM rAkhI zakaya teTalA vadhu lekhAnA lekhone samAvavAnA prayAsa karyAM che. Ama chatAM keTalAka lekhAne A graMtha-gucchamAM samAveza karI zakAyA nathI te mATe dilagIra chIe. have pachI guccha-2 pragaTa thAya tyAre AvA lekhAnA samAveza karavAnu" jarUra vicArI zakAze. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye sapAdananI A javAbadArI amane soMpI te mATe ame tenA RNI chIe. AzA che ke A pustaka vidrAnA ane bhAvane sASa Apaze. sapAkA muMbaI, tA. 26-1-1985 vasa tapa camI jaina sAhitya samAreAha samiti 1 DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha (saceAjaka) 2 zrI amara jarIvAlA kAntilAla DAhyAbhAI kArA 3 4 9 ?? "7 77 6 DaoN. dhanavata ti. zAha 7 zrI vasanajI lakhamasI zAha zazikAnta mahetA nAnAlAla vasA ,, pannAlAla 2. zAha naTavaralAla esa, zAhuM ?? 9

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anukrama ' ahevAla 1 prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha kRSNavIra dIkSita 2 dvitIya jaina sAhitya samAroha kRSNavIra dIkSita 3 tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha kRSNavIra dIkSita 4 caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha pannAlAla 2, zAha 5 paMcama jaina sAhitya samAroha pa-nAlAla 2zAha abhyAsalekho ane vyAkhyAne 1 AjanI ApaNI AvazyakatA : "zAsana-prabhAvanA " ke sAdhanA ? pU. munizrI amarendravijayajI 2 jaina sAhitya cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha 3 bhakta trimUrti AnaMdaghanajI, yazovijayajI ane devacaMdrajI 96 Da. bhagavAnadAsa manaHkhabhAI mahetA 4 jJAna, karma ane bhakti prA. amRtalAla ne pANI 103 10

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123 140 5 A5Na bAlavAbedha - 109 padmazrI zrI ke. kA. zAstrI ke jene sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 112 paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 7 jaina sAhityanA adhyayana ane saMzodhana mATe . karavA jevAM keTalAMka kAma ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI 8 bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina adhyayana : keTalIka carcA 127 De. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA 9 gujarAtanAM prAcIna ItihAsa ane sthApatyAdi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 3. hariprasAda zAstrI 10 jaina sAhitya : dizA ane kAryakSetra 154 Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha 11 japa-sAdhanA 163 zazikAnta mahetA 12 jaina gUrjara sAhityano mahAmUlo saMdarbhagraMtha "jaina gUrjara kavio . " . " 174 prA. jayaMta koThArI 13 gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 195 Do. kumArapALa desAI 14 samatA prA. tArAbahena ramaNalAla zAha ' ' . 15 jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake rara3 pannAlAla 2, zAha 214

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249 251 267 288 300 16 zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya paM. kapuracaMda raNachoDadAsa vAraiyA 17 saurASTranI grAma prajAnAM lokagItamAM jaina tIrthakara Do. harilAla gaudAnI 18 jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara nemacaMda ema. gAlA 19 jaina patrakAratva : eka jhalaka guNavaMta a. zAha ra0 kacchamAM jaina dharma prA. gulAba deDhiyA 21 jaina darzana ane samAdhi maraNa cImanalAla ema. zAha-kalAdhara' 22 jaina sAhityamAM saMzodhana : eka daSTi Do. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA 23 sItArAma cepAI The. ramaNalAla cI. zAha 24 bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena agaracada nAhaTA 25 naitika aura dhAbhika kartavyatA kA svarUpa . sAsaramA saina 26 zrImad yazovijayajI-kRta 'samAdhizataka'- eka adhyayana che. paroNa taina Ro The Concept of Jain Penology Dr. Ramesh C. Lalan 308 325 363 369 385

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zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanAM upayogI mAkhya prakAzane zrI matIcaMda kApaDIA graMthamALA (1) zrI AnaMdaghanajI pada : bhAga 1 vivecanakartA : zrI motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA saMpAdaka : zrI ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI (trIjI AvRtti) kiMmata rU. 25 (2) zrI AnaMdaghanajI pade : bhAga 2 vivecanakartA : zrI matIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA saMpAdaka : zrI ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI (bIjI AvRtti) kiMmata rU. 30 (3) jaina daSTie vega : zrI motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA (trIjI AvRtti) kiMmata rU. 4 0 30-00 0. jaina Agama graMthamALA kiMmata rU. (1) prasthA 2: jIyukta ja 40-00 (2) pranyAMka 9: paNNavaNAsuttaM bhAga 1 3) pratha 1: paUAvaINu mAM 2 4000 (4) granthAMka 4: viyAhapaNNattisuttaM bhAga 1 40-00. (5) athavA 2 (1): mAyA turaM : 40-00 (6) athavA 10H ravaiyAriyaDutta, sattarAya AvassayasuttaMca 50-00 (7) prathA 2 (2) : suhatu 40-00, (8) prasthAna che (ra) : vijApati mAna 2 (9) inzAve 4 ()vivAhapadorriNuja mAM rU 50-00 13. 0 40-00

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anya upayogI prakAzane kiMmata rU. (1) kAvyAnuzAsana : kalikAlasarvajJazrI hemacaMdrAcArya 15-00 (2) The Systems of Indian Philosophy": Late Shri Virchand Raghavji Gandhi 5-00 (3) suvarNa mahotsava grantha : (bhAga 1-2) 50-00 sabhya ane saMsthAo mATe 25-00 (4) New Documents of Jaina Painting : Dr. Moti Chandra and Dr. U. P. Shab 924-00 : prAptisthAna : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya oNgasTa krAMti mArga, muMbaI - 400 036 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, pAlaDI basa sTenDa pAse, amadAvAda- 380 006 ld.

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ahevAlo

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prathama jina sAhitya samAroha ahevAlaH kRSNavIra dakSita prAstAvika zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA hIraka mahetsavanI ujavaNInA aMgarUpe muMbaImAM bhAratIya vidyAbhavananA gItA maMdira holamAM zukravAra, zanivAra ane ravivAranA roja anukrame tA. 21, 22 ane 23, jAnyuArI, 1977nA roja cAra beThakamAM jAye hatA. A samArohanA pramukha sthAne zrI ke. kA. zAstrI hatA ane tenuM udghATana zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhe karyuM hatuM. pariSadane vikalpa jaina sAhitya samArohamAM traNa vibhAgIya beThake rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. jaina sAhitya vibhAganA pramukha Do. harivallabha cU. bhAyANI, jaina kalA vibhAganA pramukha Do. umAkAnta che. zAha ane jaina tattvajJAna vibhAganA pramukha zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA hatA. samArohanA maMtrI tarIke Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, zrI amara jarIvAlA ane zrI kAMtilAla DAhyAbhAI kerAe sevA ApI hatI, saMskAradhAma vidyAlaya samArohanA udghATana prasaMge vidyAlayanA maMtrI zrI je. Ara. zAhe jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "sadgata AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanI preraNAthI zarU thayela zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya e kAI mAtra hosTela nathI; paraMtu saMskAradhAma che ane tethI ja jaina

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jaina sAhitya samAroha sAhitya pratye ame Agavo abhigama apanAvI "Agama prakAzananI janA paNa hAtha dharI che. jaina sAhitya vipula pramANamAM che ane moTA bhAganuM sAhitya apragaTa che; temAMthI ghaNuM sAhitya pragaTa thaI zake ane tenA kAyamI prakAzananI vyavasthA paNa thaI zake." temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jaina sAhityane abhyAsa jenenI jema jenotaro paNa kare che. A paddhati ane pravRtti vadhAre vikase tene vidyAlaya AvakAraze ane tenAthI banatI tamAma upayogI sevA pUrI pADaze. zrI je. Ara. zAhe vizeSamAM ghaTasphoTa karatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "63 varSa pahelAM I. sa. 1913nA mArca mAsamAM jodhapura khAte jaina sAhitya pariSada yojAI hatI, jemAM videzI vidvAna Do. harmana jekebIe khAsa hAjarI ApI hatI. 63-63 varSanAM vahANAM vAI gayAM pachI sau prathama vakhata A kAryanI zarUAta thAya che ane vidyAlaya have te niyamita rUpe potAnI jaina sAhitya pratyenI pharaja adA karaze." samArohane uddeza jaina sAhitya samAroha" jevI kaI pravRtti hAtha dharavI joIe e vicAra vahetA mUkanAra Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe A samArohanA uddezanI spaSTatA karatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "A eka saMzodhana ane vikAsanuM kArya che ane zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya e kArya saraLatAthI upADI zake, kAraNa ke vividha sthaLe pustakAlaya, hastaprato tathA itara sAdhane dharAvatI tenI zAkhAo che. jene sAhitya samArohanI kAyamI kacerI ane bhaMDoLa ekaThuM karavAnI tenI zakti paNa che." vadhumAM temaNe A samArohane sAhityanI bhUmikAmAM bIja

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prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha samAna gaNAvyuM hatuM ane teno have kramazaH vikAsa thaze ema emaNe "umeryuM hatuM. Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe eka spaSTatA karI hatI, ke "jaina sAhitya samAroha sAMpradAyika ke saMkucita daSTithI zarU nathI thata; paraMtu jaino pAse aDhaLaka sAhitya ane kaLAne vAra che. tene vyavasthita karavAno ane prakAzita karavAno tathA tenA abhyAsIene protsAhita karavAne A vyavasthita prayAsa che." De. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe eka karuNatA tarapha aMgulinirdeza karatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "bhAratamAMthI prAdhyApake jenazAstrano abhyAsa karavA jarmanI jAya che ane bhArata karatAM jarmanInI yunivarsiTIomAM jana cera vadhAre che ! jarmanI pAse je alabhya hastaprata che te ApaNI pAse nathI !! " DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke amerikA ane yuropamAM Aje jenazAstranA abhyAsanI mAMga vadhI che ane -tyAM A vibhAganA prAdhyApakonI nimaNUke thAya che; ApaNe tyAM ApaNe samayasara jaina sAhitya, kalA ane darzana aMge abhyAsa, saMzodhana ane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavAnI jarUra UbhI thaI che. A sAthe ja jaina sAhityane jainetara sAhitya sAthe tulanAtmaka abhyAsa hAtha dharavAno samaya paNa pAkI gayo che ane A javAbadArI have navI peDhIe upADI levI joIe." 'ughATakanuM vaktavya samArohanuM udghATana karatAM zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhe jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "A eka atyaMta maMgaLa prasaMga che ane A kArya hAtha dharavA mATe zrI mahAvIra jana vidyAlayanA kAryakaro abhinaMdanane adhikArI che."

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jana sAhitya samAroha zrI cImanabhAIe vinamrabhAve jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "A sAhitya samArohanuM udghATana karavA jeTalI vidvatA ke gahanatA mArAmAM nathI. chatAM mArA pratyenA premanA kAraNe A kArya mane saMpAyuM che." zrI cImanabhAIe vizeSamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "bhagavAna mahAvIranI paccIsamI nirvANa-zatAbdI prasaMge pragaTa thayela aDhaLaka sAhitya vAMcavAne mane meka maLe che. tenA uparathI mane lAgyuM che ke jene pAse aDhaLaka sAhityabhaMDAra paDe che. A sAhitya eTaluM badhuM vizALa ane vipula che ke jJAnano evo koI viSaya nathI ke je jaina sAhityamAM na hoya. nyAya, khagoLa, bhUgoLa vagere sarva viSayo temAM AvarI levAyA che." - temaNe eka prazna upasthita karyo hato: "jaina sAhitya eTale che ?" jenee lakheluM sAhitya ? Ane vADA sAhitya kahevuM ? sAhityamAM vADA detA nathI. jaina sAhitya e bhAratIya sAhityathI alaga nathI. bhAratIya saMskRtinuM e aMga che-tenuM viziSTa aMga che. teNe sAhityamAM viziSTa pradAna karyuM che. jaina darzanee anya darzane eTale ja phALo Apyo che. vaidika, bauddha ane jaina darzane parasparathI sAva alaga nathI. eka darzane bIjAM darzana para prabhAva pADo ja che. A bAbata vyavahAru daSTie vicAra karavAnI AvazyatA che." zrI cImanabhAIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jainazA jotAM e sahajabhAve jaNAze ke temAM vyaktipUjA kyAM ya nathI. badhe guNanI ja pUjA jovA maLe che. A daSTie joIe to A sAhitya upaniSadanI najIka Ave che. upaniSadanI jema jainazAstromAM kSatriyonuM meTuM pradAna hatuM.' zrI cImanabhAIe vizeSamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke "zaMkarAcAyAdie bauddha ane jaina dharma para ugra prahAra karyA hatA. temAM bauddha dharma

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karavuM joIe nahIM hAramAM A ApaNI Apa prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha nAmazeSa thaye, paraMtu jaina dharma TakI rahyo. tenuM kAraNa e che ke jaina dharma, hindu dharma sAthe aviredhanuM valaNa apanAvyuM ane vyavahAramAM lagabhaga hindu jevA ja rahyA ! kapaDAM, nAta-jAta, lagnanA rivAjo ane mRtyunA rivAjo apanAvI lIdhAM ane chatAM ya jaina rahyA! zaMkarAcArya "saMnyAsanI paddhati svIkArI e hindu dharma para jaina tathA bauddha dharmanI asaranA kAraNe ja !" temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jenenuM anokhuM pradAna hoya to te anekAMtavAdanuM che. paNa ApaNe e vicAravuM joIe ke ApaNe ApaNA jIvanamAM ane vyavahAramAM A "anekAntavAda kyAM sudhI utAryo che ? ApaNuM kaI TIkA kare to zAMta rahevAtuM nathI. ApaNAmAM paNa aMdhazraddhA ochI nathI. ApaNe koI pheraphAro karavA taiyAra nathI. eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu je keI nAnAmAM nAnI bhinna vAta rajU kare te ApaNe tenA para tUTI paDIe chIe !" svataMtra vicAranI AvazyakatA temaNe e vAta para bhAra mUkyo hatA ke " Agame e jJAnano bhaMDAra che. jaina dharma, darzana ane zAstra - AmAMthI ApaNe keTaluM svIkAryuM? tene talasparzI abhyAsa keTale thayo ? ene vartamAnamAM keTalo abhyAsa thaye? mAre kheda sAthe ema kahevuM paDe che ke jene "critical" kahI zakAya tevuM bahu ja ochuM lakhANa thayuM che. ApaNe jene svataMtra ciMtana ane mUlyAMkana kahI zakIe tevo abhyAsa karavAnI taiyArI che ? kaI mahArAja ke mahAsatI kahe te aneka prakAzane thAya che. A prakAzake paNa e pustaka vAMcatA ja hoya evuM nathI. AmAM paNa kaI navI daSTie mUlyAMkana jevA nahi maLe. ekanuM eka ja prakAzana thAya evuM paNa ghaNuM jovA maLe che. lAkho rUpiyA kharcAyA pachI guNavattA jevuM kaMI jovA maLe che kharuM ?

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jaina sAhitya samAroha. jaina sAhitya samAroha jyAre navI daSTithI AgaLa dhapavA mAge che tyAre kevuM sAhitya pragaTa karavuM teno paNa vicAra kare joIe. mAtra hastapratonuM prakAzana karavAthI kaMI na vaLe. keTalIka hastaprato prakAzita karavAnI jarUra na lAge to tenI pAchaLa vyartha kharca na karavo joIe paraMtu pragaTa thatI kRti tulanAtmaka abhyAsavALI, UMDI samaja ApanArI ane jJAnanA mArgo khelanArI hevI. joIe. Aje saMzodhananA nAme je cAlI rahyuM che tevuM nahIM, paraMtu, kharekhara jene "tulanAtmaka" saMzAdhana kahI zakAya tevuM kArya thavuM joIe. Ama thAya to te vadhAre upayogI thAya. alabatta, AvA kArya pAchaLa jIvana samarpaNa karavAvALA keTalA e eka prazna ja che." temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "ApaNAM zAstromAM keTalIka khagoLa,. bhUgoLanI bAbata che. ApaNe jIvavicAra (Biology) gahanamAM gahana che. temAM aMtaradarzana che, paraMtu jaina jIvavicAra ane vartamAna bAyolojI, e pramANe jaina tarka ane vartamAna take zAkhAo, jena mAnasazAstra ane vartamAna mAnasazAstra - A aMge DeI taTastha abhyAsa thayo che ? Avo abhyAsa hAtha dharavo joIe. "bhagavAna mahAvIre pitAnA yuga mAM saMskRta choDIne ekavakhatanI prAkRta bhASAmAM upadeza karyo. ApaNe hajI paNa e prAkRta ja gAkhIe chIe. pachI bhale temAM kAMI samaja na paDe. ApaNuM bALakone paNa e ja cIle calAvIe chIe. Aje vartamAna bhASAmAM. sAhityapradAna karavAnI ApaNI taiyArI keTalI ?" pramukhazrInuM vaktavya jaina sAhitya samArohanA pramukhasthAnethI Do. ke. kA. zAstrIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jaina sAhitya vize kAMIka kahevAnuM hoya to tatvajJAnamAM caMcupAta kare paDe. emAM UMDA UtaratAM "anekAntavAda" ja sAme Ave. AvedamAM najara karIe to A anekAtavAdanAM.

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prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha bIja jovA maLe che. "naasAsi-nasadAsI" je jaNAvyuM che te jainenA anekAntavAdathI kaMI dUra nathI. Ama samAMtara vicAradhArA aneka prakAre vikaselI che ane te sAthe sAthe cAle che." temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "dharmanA vikAsa thavA tarapha bhinna bhinna mAnyatAo rahelI che. bauddha ane jaina dharma e vaidika dharmamAM e vakhate vadhelI hiMsAnA pratikArarUpe udbhavelI ahiMsAtmaka bAbata che. hiMsAmaya yajJo sAme "jJAnayajJamAM "jJAna, darzana ane cAritra'nI praNAlI paDI. A bAbata gItAmAM paNa spaSTa rIte anya svarUpe mukAyelI ja che. jJAnamArganA udayamAM mokSamArgano udaya che evuM paNa vaidika dharmamAM kahyuM che. sAcavaNInI paripATI jenenI ja jaina dharma pAse vipula sAhitya paDayuM che. prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, madhyakAlIna gujarAtI ke arvAcIna bhASA hoya, DhagalAbaMdha sAhitya tenI pAse paDayuM che. je A sAhityanI tulanA karavI hoya to hindu dharmanA graMthe ochA paDe. hinduoe zrutisAhitya anekagaNuM lakhyuM haze, paNa sAcavaNanI paripATI jaina dharmanA bhaMDAroe keLavI te hinduo pAse saMpUrNa rIte na hatI, tethI bahudhA nAza pAmI. "jaina bhaMDAre upara paNa AkramaNe thayAM che. chatAM aDhaLaka sAhitya bhaMDAromAM haju te hAtha lagADayA vagara paNa paDyuM haze. itihAsa tathA tenA abhyAsane hamezAM pramANe joIe-mULa joIe. jaina sAhitya-dharma pAse, sAcavaNunI paripATInA hisAbe AvAM sabaLa pramANe paDelAM che." temaNe vizeSamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "ApaNe A graMthamAM UMDA UtaravuM paDaze, tenI jALavaNI karavI paDaze ane kaI aNaghaDa hAthe

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pravaktA jaina sAhitya samArela e ADAavaLA na jAya ke dariyAmAM padharAvAI na jAya tenI kALajI levI paDaze ane jamAnAne anurUpa vyApaka daSTi keLavavI paDaze. AjanA jamAnAmAM sAMpradAyitAthI para javuM paDaze." vibhAgI beThako (1) jaina sAhitya: tA. 22-1-1977ne zanivAranA roja savAranA 9-00 kalAke jaina sAhitya samArohanI prathama kAryavAhI aMge "sAhityanuM parimArjana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. Do. harivallabha bhAyANIe sAhitya vibhAganuM saMcAlana karyuM hatuM. A vibhAgamAM nIce jaNAvela nibaMdhe rajU thayA hatA? viSaya nalAyana' Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, adhyakSa, gujarAtI vibhAga, muMbaI vizva vidyAlaya pRthvIcaMdracaritra che. De. bipina jhaverI, Asa ane sAyansa koleja, dhoLakA phAgu Do. kanubhAI zeDa, yureTara, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira jaina kathAsAhiAyamAM buddhicAturyanA kathATake zrI pannAlAla rasikalAla zAha DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANInuM vakatavya che. harivallabha bhAyANIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "ApaNe jyAre jaina sAhitya vize vAta karIe tyAre maryAdAne kaI rIte lekhavI ? bhAratIya paraMparA, sAhitya ane saMskRtinA vividha pravAhanA tattva tarIke ja vAta karavI joIe." temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jaina sAhityane 2500

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prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha varSane gALo che. temAM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI, marAThI, hiMdI, tAmila, kannaDamAM jaina sAhitya che. vizvamAM paNa vaividhyabharapUra che, ane dhArmika uparAMta jene ApaNe sAMpradAyikatAthI para kahI zakIe tevuM vipula sAhitya paDeluM che. prAkRta sAhityanA ItihAsamAM maTe phALe jaina sAhityane che ane apabhraMzamAM mAtra jaina sAhityanI kRtio maLe che. vyAkaraNa ke gujarAtImAM bhASAnuM mULa svarUpa kayuM hatuM te pramANe je bhASAne itihAsa Apavo hoya to A graMthane ja AdhAra levo paDe. trIjI zatAbdIthI dazamI zatAbdIne sAMskRtika itihAsa racava heya to enA mATenA AdhAragraMthe jeno pAsethI ja maLe che." temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "ApaNI pAse lAkho prate che. tenI noMdha nathI. mane bhaya che ke keTalIka vecAI gaI che. A sAhityasarjake e sAhityanirmANa mATe je zrama karyo tenI jALavaNI mATe paNa ApaNe zrama letA nathI. ane A jainoe karavAnI ja bAbata nathI; A jJAna che ane te samagra bhAratano vAraso che. AvI jALavaNamAM kendra tathA rAjAe paNa madada joIe." temaNe kahyuM hatuM ke "abhyAsa traNa rIte thaI zakeH jeno pUrata, bhAratIya daSTie ane bhArata-jaina nahi-prAMta bahAranA- AdhyAtmika mAnavIne rasa paDe te rIte. ApaNI pAsenA sAhityamAM je keTaluMka paDyuM che te samaya bahAranuM thaI gayuM che tene tAravavuM joIe ane keTaluMka atyAranA mANasanI bauddhika jarUriyAta mATe ghaNuM kAmanuM che." Do. bhAyANue vizeSamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "mULa graMthe to che, paNa tene bhAratIya bhASAmAM anuvAda jarUrI che. grIka tathA

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10 jaina sAhitya samAroha leTinamAMthI aMgrejImAM sAhitya utAravAmAM AvyuM tema ApaNe paNa AvuM kAMIka karavuM joIe. je TrAnsalezana insTiTayUTa UbhI karavAmAM Avaze te ja A jJAna jIvaMta raheze, nahi to jIvatA mANasanA jIvananA bhAgarUpe e nahi rahe." * nalAyana 9 mahAkAvya prakAzita chatAM lupta hovAnI mAnyatA nalAyana" mahAkAvya vize pitAne nibaMdha vAMcatAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa De. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jenA uparathI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM kavi nayasuMdare 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa'nI racanA karI che e mANijyadevarita "nalAyana" mahAkAvya, e lupta thaI gayelo graMtha che ema. ghaNuM varSo pUrve manAtuM hatuM, paraMtu saddabhAgye jesalamera ane bIjA bhaMDAramAMthI enI cAra hastaprato maLI AvelI che ane zrI vijaya senasUrie enuM saMzodhana karI. I. sa. 1938mAM bhAvanagaranI zrI yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALA taraphathI pratAkAre A graMtha pragaTa karyo che. Ama A graMtha pragaTa thayo hovA chatAM ene joIe teTalI. prasiddhi maLI nathI. eTale gujarAtI sAhityanA ItihAsamAM ane anyatra e lupta thaI gayele graMtha che e prakArane nirdeza haju thayA kare che, je khedanI vAta che. mahAbhArata ane jaina navalakthAnI paraMparAne subhaga samanvaya "vikramanA caudamA zatakamAM thaI gayelA paMcanATaka, "yazodharacaritra" vagere graMthanA kartA kavi bhANijyadevasUrie dasa kaMdhanA navvANuM sargamAM A mahAkAvyanI saMskRta bhASAmAM racanA karI che. cAra hajAra karatAM ye vadhu zlokamAM A mahAkAvyanI racanA kavie saMskRta mahAkAvyanI praNAlI anusAra karI che. naLa-dayamaMtI vize

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prathama jaina sAhitya samArAha 11. lakhAyelI tamAma racanAmAM sauthI meATI racanA A nalAyana' mahAkAvya che. A mahAkAvyanI khIjI eka viziSTatA e che ke kavie mahAbhAratanI nalakathAnI paraparA ane jaina nalakathAnI para'parA--bannetA subhaga samanvaya sAdhyA che, je A kavi pUrvenI kAI kRtimAM jovA maLatA nathI. A mahAkAvya upara zrI harSIkRta. naiSadhIyacarita' ane trivikramaskRta 'nalacapUnI kathAMka keTalIka asara paDI che ate tema banavuM svAbhAvika che. chatAM kavinI peAtAnI svataMtra maulika pratibhAnuM darzIna pratyeka ska MdhanA pratyeka samAM ApaNane thAya che. vaLI nalakathA vizenI e e suprasiddha kRti karatAM A mahAkAvyanI viziSTatA e che ke anya kRtiemAM damaca'tInA svayaMvara ane karmanA prasaMga sudhInuM nirUpaNa thayuM nathI,. jyAre ' nalAyana'mahAkAvyamAM samagra kathAnuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. ApaNA saMskRta sAhityamAM echuM jANItuM raheluM A mahAkAvya ApaNAM uttama mahAkAvyAnI harALamAM besADI zakAya evuM che. kAvyanI dRSTie temaja nalakathAnA vikAsamAM eNe ApelA phALAnI daSTie A mahAkAvya eka virala ane advitIya kRti che. ema kahI zakAya." 66 (ra) jaina kaLA : zanivAra, tA. 22-1-1977nA rAja khaperanA 3 kalAke jaina kaLA vibhAganI beThaka maLI hatI. beThakanA. pramukhasthAne DaoN. umAkAnta pI. zAha bharAyA hatA. A vibhAgamAM. nIce mujaba nibadhA rajU thayA hatAH viSaya jaina kaLA DaoN. umAkAnta pI. zAha jaina zilpakRtie (slAIDjha sAthe) DaoN. sadAziva garakSakara gujarAtanAM jaina zilpa-sthApatyeA DaoN. harilAla Ara. gaudAnI vaktA

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jene sAhitya samAroha De. umAkAntabhAInuM vakatavya De. umAkAntabhAIe emano nibaMdha rajU karatAM jaina kaLAne jainAzrita kaLA" tarIke oLakhAvI hatI. vAstavika rIte e sarva - bhAratIya kaLAnAM sarjano che ane 2500 varSathI vividha kSetre je kaLA nirmANa thaI che temAM je dharmAcAryoe dharmanA nAme virodha karyo hota te A sarjana thaI zakyuM na heta. temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke keTalIka kalAkRti videzamAM paga karI gaI che paraMtu have jaina bhaMDAramAMthI ane jaina maMdiramAMthI UpaDI jatI A virala kRtione bacAvI levA mATe samagra samAje satata -jAgrata rahevuM ghaTe ane bhUtakALano bedhapATha laI bhaviSyamAM tamAma jaina kRtionA phoTA paDAvI temAM keTaloga taiyAra karavAM joIe. A samagra sAhityakRtio abhyAsIo mATe upalabdha hovI ja joIe." temaNe evI Takora karI hatI ke "navAM maMdiro bAMdhavA pAchaLa jeTalI dhagaza heAya che teTalI jUnAM maMdiro jALavI rAkhavA pAchaLa hovI joIe sAdhumahArAje paNa potAnA abhyAsa mATe rAkhavA. mAM AvelI prato paNa kALakrame binavArasa na thAya te mATe kALajI rAkhe ane surakSita bhaMDAro ke abhyAsa-saMsthAone te soMpe e jarUrI che." temaNe vizeSamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "kRtio rAkhanArA ane tenuM gaurava lenArAoe e khyAla rAkhavo joIze ke A samagra prAcIna sAMskRtika vAraso jaina saMghanI mAlikIne ane tenI vyava-sthA heThaLa che, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu samagra bhAratIya saMskRtine vAraso che ane jainetara bhAratIya samAjane vyavasthA sUcavavAne, vyavasthA rahe che ke kema te jovAno hakaka che." :

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prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha 13. temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "buddha bhagavAne temanI prati-- kRtionI pUjA karavAnI jema manAI pharamAvI hatI tema zrI mahAvIra bhagavAne evuM kAMI kahyuM hoya tevI hakIkata maLatI nathI. zrI mahAvIra svAmInA samakAlIna keI maMdiranI cokkasa mAhitI maLatI nathI. bhagavAna mahAvIra ane temanAM mAtA-pitA pArzvanAthanAM upAsaka hatAM. teo kaI maMdiramAM gayA hovAnA ullekho maLatA nathI, paNa bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayanI jIvaMta svAmInI eka kASThapratimA maLI che." A uparAMta temaNe bhagavAna mahAvIranI pratimA, nagna pratimA e, lAMchano, aSTamaMgaLa, stabha vagere aMge abhyAsapUrNa-pramANa-- bhUta mAhitI pUrI pADI hatI. "gujarAtanAM jaina zilpa-sthApatya" aMge De. harilAla Ara.. gaudAnIne abhyAsanibaMdha zrI manasukhalAla kalyANajI zAhe vAMcI. saMbhaLAvyo hato. temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jUnAgaDhanI bAvA pyArAnI guphAone bAda karatAM gujarAtamAM jaina sthApatya karavAnI zarUAta vikrama saMvatanA pahelA saikAmAM thaI haze." temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "gujarAtamAM jaina dharmano pracAra I. sa. pUrvenA traNathI cAra raoNka agAuthI thaye hato. e hakIkta puravAra thaI che." muMbaInA prinsa opha velsa myujhiyamanA DirekTara De. gerakSAkare slAIDe dvArA jaina mUrtio ane tenI vizeSatAo upara prakAza. pADyo hato. (3) jaina tatvajJAna : ravivAra, tA. 23-1-1977nA roja savAranA 9-0 kalAke jene tattvajJAna vibhAganI beThaka maLI hatI. beThakanuM pramukhasthAna zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe lIdhuM hatuM. A vibhAgamAM nIce mujaba nibaMdhe rajU thayA hatA.

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14 jaina sAhitya samAroha viSaya jina dharma ane bauddha dharma De. ramaNalAla cI. zAha Doctrine of Karma Omniscience prA. jheDa. vi. koThArI Role of Jainism in Modern India DaoN. bipinacaMdra hI. kApaDiyA zrI dalasukhabhAInuM vakatavya zrI dalasukhabhAIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jaina dharmanA sAhityane strota jena Agame che ane atyAre je "Agama sAhitya ApaNI pAse upalabdha che te badhuM ja bhagavAna mahAvIrakAlIna che ema kahI zakAya tema nathI. temAM paNa kAladaSTie aneka staro che, paraMtu ApaNI pAse je Agama sAhitya che te vallabhImAM devardhigaNIe lakhela ke lakhAvela che ane valabhImAM je lekhana thayuM te vallabhIvAcanAnusArI nathI paNa mAthurIvAcanAnusArI che." zrI dalasukhabhAIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "vidvAna evA sAmAnya nirNaya para AvyA che ke AgAmomAM sauthI prAcIna AcArAMga prathama zruta skaMdha che ane te pachI sUtrakRtAMga prathama sthAna Ave che." temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "AcArAMgamAM SaDajIvanikAyanI prarUpaNa mukhya bhAga bhajave che, jyAre tatvArthamAM paMcAstikAya ke SaDakavicAraNuM sapaSTa che. AthI ema mAnavuM joIe ke te kALe badravyo vize khAsa kAI vicAraNA nahIM thaI hoya, ane kALakrame jenadarzanamAM te UtarI AvI haze." jaina darzanamAM jagata jIvathI vyApta che e mAnyatA che paraMtu ajIvana ullekha nathI. AthrI ema mAnI zakAya ke AcArAMgane badhuM AvarUpa ja mAnya che. jIvane baMdha thAma che ane te karmathI mukta thavAno ane mokSa pAmavAne ulekha che. uparAMta AtmAne punarjanma che tene paNa ullekha che."

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15 prathama jaina sAhitya samAroha temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "AcArAMganA kALe kriyAvAda ane akriyAvAda ema be pakSe hatA. emAM bhagavAna mahAvIre pitAne pakSa kriyAvAda tarIke spaSTa rajU karyo hato. AcArAMgamAM AtmA ane tenA svarUpa vize paNa jANavA maLe che. Ama, mokSa ane nirvANanI kalpanA paNa temAM che, paraMtu mukta jIvonA sthAna vizenI kaI kalpanA nathI." zrI dalasukhabhAIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "sUtrakRtAMganA prathama zrata ska dha jotAM paNa hajI jainadarzananI potIkI paribhASA sthira thaI nathI eTale mAnavuM paDe ke ahIM paNa jainadarzana tenI prAthamika bhUmikAmAM che. A sRSTi koNe nirmANa karI te vizenA nAnA matonuM nirAkaraNa paNa sUtrakRtAMgamAM che." jaina ane bauddhadharma: eka tulanA "jaina dharma ane bauddha dharma-eka tulanA" e vize pitAne nibaMdha vAMcatAM Do. ramaNalAla . zAhe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "bhAratIya saMskRtinI dharmanI daSTie be paraMparA cAlI Ave che : brAhmaNa paraMparA ane zramaNa paraMparA. emAM zramaNa paraMparAmAM be mukhya dharmo che-jaina dharma ane bauddha dharma. jaina dharma, vaidika dharmanI jema prAcIna che, jyAre bauddha dharma, bhagavAna buddhanA samayathI cAlu thAya che. bhagavAna buddha, bhagavAna mahAvIranA uttara-samakAlIna hatA ane baMne magadhamAM viryA hatA. chatAM e AzcaryanI vAta che ke A e mahA vibhUtio ekabIjIne maLI heAya e kyAM ya nideza maLato nathI. bhagavAna mahAvIra ane bhagavAna buddha, baMne kSatriya rAjakumAre hatA ane baMnee gRhasthAzramamAM praveza karyo hato, paraMtu tarata ja teo saMnyAsanA mArge vaLyA hatA. baMnee yajJamAM homAtAM mAonI bAbatamAM virodha karyo hato, varNabheda ane aMtibhedane

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jaina sAhitya samAroha tilAMjali ApI hatI ane baMnee lokabhASAmAM pitAne upadeza Apyo hato. "jaina dharmamAM paMcamahAvratAne upadeza che tema bauddhadharmamAM paMcazIlane upadeza che. baMne dharmomAM ahiMsA, satya, asatya, brahmacarya vagere vratane svIkAravAmAM AvyAM che. jainadharmamAM jema sAdhu ane gRhasthanAM vatemAM thoDe pharaka karavAmAM AvyA che, tevI rIte bauddha dharmamAM paNa bhikSu ane upAsakanAM vratamAM ane enA pAlanamAM pharaka karavAmAM Avyo che. jaina dharmamAM maitrI, pramoda, karuNuM, ane madhyastha - e cAra bhAvanAo che tema bauddha dharmamAM paNa che. jaina dharmamAM jema pauSadhanuM vrata che tema boddha dharmamAM uposathanuM bata che. jaina dharmamAM jema vihAra, cAtu sa ane paryuSaNa parva che te ja pramANe bauddha dharmamAM che, mAtra nAma judAM che - cArikA, varSAvAsa ane pravAraNa. jaina dharmamAM AlecanA che tevI bauddha dharmamAM prati mekSa che. jaina dharmamAM cAra zaraNa - arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu, ane dharma-che tema bauddha dharmamAM traNa zaraNa- buddha, dharma ane saMgha - che. jaina dharmamAM jema samyagadarzana, samyagUjJAna ane samyagacAritra e ratnatrayI mekSane mATe Avazyaka manAya che, tema bauddha dharmamAM zIla, samAdhi ane prajJA, jemAM A aSTAMgika mArga AvI jAya che te nirvANa mATe Avazyaka manAya che. jaina dharmamAM jema zubha ane azubha dhyAnanA prakAra che, tema bauddha dharmamAM akuzala samAdhi ane kuzala samAdhi che. dhyAnanI sAthe jaina dharmamAM jema vezyAne vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che, tema bauddha dharmamAM paNa tene vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che ane tene abhijAti kahevAmAM Ave che. "jena dharma ane bauddha dharma jagatanA kartA tarIke IzvaramAM bhAnatA nathI. karma ane punarjanma temaja mekSamAM baMne mAne che. jaina dharmamAM tIrthakara ane siddhanA bheda che tema bauddha dharmamAM ahaMta

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prathama jaina sAhitya samAreha 17 ane khuddhanA bheda che. jaina dharmamAM AtmAnA vikAsa mATe cauda guNusthAnakAne vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che, tema auddha dharmamAM dasa sayeAjanAnA vicAra karavAmAM AvyA che. jaina dharmImAM jema dasa yatidharma che tema bauddhadharmamAM dasa pAramitAo che. r Ama chatAM AtmAnA svarUpa vize jaina dharma ane bauddha dharmamAM pAyAneA matabheda che. jaina dharma AtmAne dravyathI nitya ane paryAyathI anitya mAne che. tyAre bauddha dharma AtmAne kSaNika ane anitya mAne che. A tAttvika vicAraNA ghaNI gahana ane jaTila che." beThakane aMte zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhe AgamAnA saMzAdhana aMge peAtAnA vicArA rajU karyAM hatA. vidyAlayanA maMtrI zrI je. Ara. zAhe tathA jaina sAhitya samArAhanA maMtrI zro amara jarIvAlAe AbhAravidhi karyAM hatA. zrI mahuvA yAvRddhi jaina bALAzrame enA hIraka maheAtsavanI ujavaNInA eka bhAgarUpe mahuvA khAte jaina sAhitya samArAha yeAjavA age nimatraNa ApyuM hatuM.

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samAroha ahevAla : kRSNavIra dIkSita mahuvAmAM tA 2, 3 ane 4 phebruArI, 1979 H A traNa divasa e nityalIlAchama ane mane tArI pradezanI sAMskRtika tavArIkhanA mahatvanA aMza lekhe tyAMnI prajAnI smRtimAMthI saheje lupta nahi thAya. e traNa divasa mahuvAnI Arogyaprada AbehavAmAM sAhitya ane zikSaNa A drividha kSetrane varelA sArasvatAnI udAtta bhAvanAno je maghamaghATa prasaryo tenI maheka tyAMnI prajAnA hRdayamAM cirakALa sudhI vyApta raheze A sukhada sthityaMtara e traNa divasa daramiyAna tyAMnI pramukha zikSaNasaMsthA zrI mahuvA yazovRddhi jaina bAlAzramane hIraka mahotsava ujavAyo tathA jaina sAhitya samAroha jAye, ane A sAMskRtika ghaTanAnI smRti ciraMjIva rahe te bhAvanAthI mahuvAnI asmitA'nuM hIraka mahotsava graMthale be prakAzana thayuM tene AbhArI hatuM. saurASTranA dakSiNa taTe AveluM mahuvA, bhAvanagara jillAmAM, bhAvanagarane bAda karatAM moTAmAM moTuM gAma ane baMdara che. paraMtu A bhogelika hakIkata mahuvAne je mahimA bakSatI haze tenAthI kyAM ya adhika mahattvanI hakIkta te enI ThAma ThAma vilasI rahelI, mAIlanA vistAramAM chavAyelI, svakIya ramaNIyatAthI prabhAvita karatI manohArI ane nayanaraMjaka evI ekekane bhulAvatI vanarAjinI akhUTa samRddhi che. vanadevatAnA Adhunika vaibhavI AvAsa samI A vanarAji, khetarothI zobhatI sI ane gAmathI jhAjhuM dUra nahi

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samArAha 19 tema gAmanI seDamAM ya nahi eTale aMtare AsapAsa sarvatra vistarelA retInA DhagAnI upara thaIne UpasI AvatuM, aphATa sAgara ane anaMta AbhanI pRSThabhUta jANe AdhAra karIne raheluM bhagAnInuM maMdira tathA kuMvArI bhUmi samA sAgarane svaccha ane viharavAne AmaMtraNa ApatA vizAla taTa A badhuM mahuvAne atyaMta AkarSaka ramyatA akSe che. tapasvI ane jJAnI zAsanasamrATa AcAryazrI vijayanemisUrIzvarajI, zAstravizArada jainAcAryazrI vijayaSakrUra, AcArya zrI vijrayadarzanasU ri, zatrujayeAdvAraka jAvaDazA-bhAvaDazA parama ta mahArAjA kumArapALanA samakAlIna jagaDuzA, I. sa. 1893nI yikAgA vizvadharma pariSadamAM jaina dharmanA pratinidhi ane svAmI vivekAnaMdanA samakAlIna zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI, ane emanI sAthe rasAyA tarIke janAra jAdugara naththu macchA, svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyanA zro prAgajI bhagata, sAhityakSetre mastakavi tribhuvana premaza kara tathA haragAviMda premaza'kara, bhASA, sAhitya ane vyAkaraNanA asAdhAraNa vidvAna DaeNA. harivallabha bhAyANI, DaoN. hiralAla gaudAnI--A sahu A bhUminAM tejasvI satAnethI savizeSa mahimAvAna baneluM mahuvA saMbhavataH 'dazakumAracarita'nuM madhumatI che, je enI ati prAcInatAnuM dyotaka lekhAya. kahevAya che tema zrIkRSNe rukimaNInuM apaharaNa A pradezamAM karyuM" hatuM. aneka STie mahimAtrAna evA mahuvA(ji. bhAvanagara)mAM zukravAra, tArIkha 2, phebruArI 1979nA rAja saMdhyAkALa pachI bALAzramanA paTAMgaNamAM jaina darzana ane sAhityanA adhyayana, adhyApana tathA saMzAdhanane peAtAnuM jIvana a`Na karI cUkelA sama vidvAna zrI dalasukhabha I mAlavaNiyAnA pramukhapade jaina sAhitya sarAhane zrI tI dAminI jarIvAlAnA stutigAnathI Arabha thaye hatA. jaina sAhitya pariSadanuM adhivezana AjathI 66 varSa pUrve

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20 jaina sAhitya samAroha jodhapuramAM bharAyuM hatuM, jemAM videzI vidvAna Do. harmana jekebIe khAsa hAjarI ApI hatI. te pachI muMbaImAM 1977nA jAnyuArInI tA. 21, 22 ane 23 mIe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA hIraka mahatsavanI ujavaNInA aMgarUpe bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM Do. ke. kA. zAstrInA pramukhapade jaina sAhitya samAroha yojAyo hato. koI sAMpradAyika ke saMkucita daSTithI nahi paraMtu jeno pAse sAhitya ane kaLAne je aDhaLaka vAraso che te vyavasthita karavAnA ane tene prakAzita karavAnA tathA vidvAne temaja abhyAsIone tene abhimukha karavAnA prayAsalekhe Avo sAhitya samAroha yojavAne vicAra . ramaNalAla cI. zAhane sUryo hato. tenuM anusaMdhAna te zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA sahakArathI mahuvAmAM yojAyela jaina sAhitya samAroha ane tenuM uddaghATana Do. harivallabha bhAyANIe karyuM hatuM. svAgata pravacana surata, vaDAdarA, amadAvAda, bIkAnera, bhAvanagara, muMbaI ema aneka sthaLoethI AvelA aneka vidvAnuM tathA mahuvAnA samasta jaina samAjanuM svAgata karatAM mahuvAnI nagarapAlikAnA pramukha zrI caMpakalAla bAlacaMda vagaDAe mahuvAnA sAMskRtika vArasAne ulekha kya pachI jaina sAhityanI vizALatAne ullekha karyo hato. temaNe kahyuM hatuM, ke "gujarAtI sAhityanI ardha gaMgotrI jaina sAhitya che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jaina sAhityanI e vizeSatA rahI che ke te tatkAlIna sAmAnya janabhASAmAM lakhAyuM che. temaNe graMthabhaMDAramAM sacavAyelA prAcIna jaina sAhityanuM saMzodhana ane saMpAdana karIne tene prakAzamAM lAvavAne vidvAnone anurodha karyo hato. . A prasaMge AvelA saMdezAonuM zrI amara jarIvAlAe. vAMcana karyA bAda jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrI Do. ramaNalAla cI.

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samArela zAhe A jaina sAhitya samAre koI sAMpradAyika ke saMkucitatAne sUcaka nathI. ema spaSTa karIne kahyuM hatuM ke jaina zabda paNa koI saMkucitatAne vAcaka nathI. bhagavAna mahAvIra kSatriya hatA, gautama svAmI brAhmaNa hatA tathA vastupAla-tejapAle keTalAMye zivamaMdire baMdhAvyAM hatA vagere hakIkata dvArA jainava kevI vizALatAnuM dyotaka che te darzAvyuM hatuM. sAhitya samArohanuM uddaghATana sAhitya samArohanuM uddhATana karatAM Do. harivallabha bhAyANIe samAre bIjI vAra yojavA badala prathama samArohanA maMtrIone abhinaMdana ApI tathA bAlAzramanA vyavasthApakone nimaMtravA badala AbhAra mAnIne kahyuM hatuM, ke "yunivarsiTIoe ane aneka vidvAnoe jaina prAkRta sAhityanuM mahatva sahunA dhyAna upara lAvavAnA aneka prayAsa karI tenuM gaurava karyuM che. chatAM na samajAya evI khedanI vAta e che ke ApaNe jena ane prAkRta sAhityanuM jJAna laI zake evA vidyAthIe meLavI zaktA nathI. jyAre vismayanI vAta e che aneka agavaDo veThIne cheka jApAna, jarmanI ane amerikAthI vidyArthIo ahIM AvIne A jJAna utsAhapUrvaka meLave che. ApaNe, ApaNe tyAMthI vidyAthIo meLavavA kaMIka Ayojana karavuM ghaTe. prAkRta bhASAnA vikAsanuM baLa jemAM anubhavI zakAya che te "vasudevahi DI." "kuvalayamALA' jevA jagatanA ajoDa kathAgraMtha ane bIjA saMskRta tathA prAkRta graMtho je bhAratIya saMskRtinA vArasArUpa che temane abhyAsa thavo joIe." vadhumAM temaNe umeryuM hatuM, ke "atyAranuM jIvana jIvatA mANasone A sAhitya sAthe saMbaMdha che. e sAhityamAMnuM ghaNuM evuM che je atyAre jivAtA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. A sAhityane jagatanI bhASAomAM anuvAda thavo joIe ane bahujana samAja sudhI te pahoMcavo joIe."

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22 jaina sAhitya samAroha gujarAta rAjyanA dhArAsabhya zrI jazavaMtabhAI mahetA, zrI chabIladAsa mahetA tathA rAjyasabhAnA sabhya zrI IbrAhIma kalANIAnAM prAsaMgika vaktavya bAda zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA maMtrI zrI jagajIvana pI. zAhe saMsthA taraphathI apAtI sagavaDone tathA AgamaprakAzananI kAryavAhIne khyAla Apyo hato. zrI DolarabhAI vasAvaDA e jaina darzana aMge yunivarsiTImAM "cera rAkhavAnI tathA jaina saMskRtinAM tamAma pAsAMnA abhyAsa athe keI kAyamI vyavasthA karavAnI jarUra darzAvI hatI. saurASTra yunivarsiTInA upakulapati zrI Ara. esa. trivedIe zikSaNakSetre pravezelI yAMtrikatA, zikSaNanuM vyAvasAyIkaraNa tathA mAnava mUlyone hAsa vagere paristhiti aMge kheda vyakta karIne vyavasAye paratve zaikSaNika abhigama apanAvavAnI himAyata karI hatI. jene saMskRtinuM rakhopuM karavA tathA jaina sAhityanuM saMzodhana karavA zuM zuM thaI zake te vicAravAnI jarUra darzAvI hatI. jANItA patrakAra zrI harina zAhe ApaNA dezanA lekhake je kaMI uttama lakhe che te dUra sudhI pahoMcatuM nathI tenA kAraNarUpe ApaNA jIvananI bAMdhaNImAM ja kaI mATI UNapa hovAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. jaina sAhityagata niSThA pramukhapadethI paM. zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe sAhitya samAroha yojavA badala saMcAlakone dhanyavAda ApI tathA pitAne pramukhapade ArUDha karavA badala AbhAra mAnI kahyuM hatuM ke "jaina sAhitya anya vaidika sAhityathI juduM che tenuM mukhya kAraNa anya sAhitya, vizeSataH dhArmika sAhitya, vedamUlaka che eTale ke vedane pramANa mAnIne racAyuM che te che. jyAre jene jaina sAhitya kahIe chIe tene prAraMbha ja vedanA prAmANyane virodhane kAraNe thayela che. A virodha prAraMbhamAM be kAraNe pragaTa thAya che. eka to bhASAne kAraNe ane bIje pratipAdya vastune kAraNe. vaidika sAhityanI bhASA ziSTa,

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samAreha manya saMskRta hatI, tyAre jaina sAhityane prAraMbha prAkRta eTale ke lokabhASAthI thayo. vedoe ane tenI bhASa e maMtrapada prApta karyuM hatuM. tenA uccAraNa AdimAM kazo bheda thavo na joIe. tenA vivipUrvaka uccAraNa mAtrathI kAryasiddhi thavAnI dhAraNuM vaidike mAM baMdhAI hatI. AnA virodhamAM jaina sAhitya pitAnI bhASA prAkRta svIkArI. paNa guptakALamAM bhASA ane vaidika dharmanuM punarutthAna thavA lAgyuM tyAre jenoe paNa pitAne sAhitya mATe prAkRta uparAMta saMskRta bhASA apanAvI, eTale sudhI ke mULa jaina AgamonI TIkAo gai ke padyamAM, prAkRtamAM lakhAtI hatI tene badale IsunI AThamI sadInA prAraMbhathI saMskRtamAM paNa lakhAvA lAgI. jaina tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA A vizvanI utpattinI vicAraNA vaidika sAhityamAM thaI hatI ane Izvara jevA alaukika tattvanI pratiSThA vidike karI hatI. tene sthAne A vizva anAdi kALathI vidyamAna che ane anAgatamAM rahevAnuM che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jyAre Ama che tyAre adhinAyaka Izvara tatvane paNa asvIkAra e jaina tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA che. karmanI pratiSThA yaarUpe mukhyatve vaidikAmAM hatI. yajJakarmanI pratiSThA upaniSadamAM ghaTADavAmAM AvI paNa karmavicAraNA AgavI rIte jaina sAhityamAM dekhAya che. temAM prathama to e ke AtmAnI vizuddhi mATe ke AtmasAkSAtkAra mATe mAtra jJAnanuM ja mahatva nathI, jJAna ane kriyA eTale satakarma athavA sacaraNa abhipreta che. upaniSadoe jJAnamArganI pratiSThA karavA prayatna karyo paNa sadAcAra zuM tenuM joIe tevuM spaSTIkaraNa te sAhityamAM dekhAtuM nathI. AthI ja parigraDanA pApa ke hiMsAnA pApa vize upaniSado ApaNane mArgadarzaka banI zakatAM nathI. sadAcAranAM dhoraNe je jaina sAhityamAM sthApavAmAM AvelAM te vaidika sAhitya

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24 jaina sAhitya samAroha je upaniSada sudhI vikasyuM hatuM temAM e dhoraNenI keI vizeSa carcA jovA maLatI nathI. jyAre jaina sAhityamAM to e dhoraNenI ja mukhya carcA tenA prAraMbhika sAhityamAM jovA maLe che ane je dhoraNe sthapAyAM tenI ja puSTi arthe samagra jaina dhArmika sAhitya prayatnazIla rahyuM che ane tenI chApa upaniSada pachInA vaidika vADamayamAM paNa jovA maLe che. karmavicAraNA "karmavicAraNAmAM jaina sAhityanI AgavI vizeSatA te karma, karanArane tenuM phaLa e karma ja Ape che e siddhAnta che. vaidika mate yajJakarmamAM tenuM phaLa vAstavika devatAne nahi paNa maMtrane AdhIna rahyuM. AthI maMtranA jJAtAnuM mahatva vadhyuM ane teo ja sarvazaktisaMpana manAvA lAgyA. A paristhitino sAmane jaina sAhityamAM thayo; temAM karmane siddhAMta sthira thaye eTale svayaM manuSya ja zaktisaMpanna rahyo. mAtra manuSya ja nahi paNa saMsAranA samagra jI pitAne karmane mATe svataMtra thayA. Ama, jIvane tenA svAtaMtrayanI oLakhANa sarvaprathama jaina sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. jainenuM prAcInatama pustaka "zrI AcArAMgasUtra" che. emAM karma vihIna kema thavuM jethI saMsAraparibhramaNa TaLe ane paramasukhanI nirvANa avasthA prApta thAya te samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. jaina sAhityamAM anazana AditapasyAne vizeSa mahatva apAya che. tapasyA to pUrve paNa hatI, paNa te tapasyAmAM bIjA nA duHkhano vicAra na hato. agni AdimAM jIva che ene to vicAra sarakho paNa jaina sAhitya pUrve thayo nathI. AthI ja zrI AcArAMgamAM sarvaprathama to panikAyanuM svarUpa batAvyuM. bhAratIya sAhityamAM ajoDa evuM kathAsAhitya jaina AcAryoe ApyuM che. jena AcArane pA je sAmAyika che te jaina vicAra athavA darzanano

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samArAha 5 pAye nayavAdathI bhinna anekAMtavAda che. bhAratIya darzIneAmAM vivAda nahi paNa saMvAda lAvavAnA mahAna prayatna jaina krAnikAe karyAM che, je abhUtapUrva che. dhArmika ane dArzanika uparAMta vyAkaraNa, ala kAra, nATaka, saMgIta, nRtya Adi vividha sAhityamAM paNa jaitAnuM pradAna najIvuM nathI." sAhitya vibhAganI beThaka 66 ', 46 zanivAra, tA. trIjIe savAre bAlAzramanA eka khaDamAM sAhitya vibhAganI beThakane AraMbha praisaddha vidvAna saMzAdhaka DaoN. bhogIlAla je. sAMDesarAnA pramukhapade thayA hatA. DaeNA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe jaina sAhitya eTale mAtra jaina dhArmika sAhitya ja nahi, paNa jaineA dvArA kheDAyeluM sAhitya " evI spaSTatA karIne kahyuM hatuM, ke prAkRta bhASA dvArA kheDAyeluM sAhitya e jaina sAhityane vizeSa che prAcInatama jaina sAhitya te Agama che." ema kahIne DaoN. sAMDesarAe AgamavAcanAnA je vidyAkIya puruSArthA pazcima bhAratamAM-gujarAtamAM thaI rahyA che tene nirdeza karyo hatA ane Agame! uparanAM sahuthI prAcIna vivecaneAmAM - tenI TIkAemAM jenenI zI diSTa rahI che tene khyAla zrI sAgarAnandasUri, munizrI puNyavijayajI vagere vidvAna AcAryAe karelI TIkAonA nirde zathI ApyA hatA. AgamA uparanI prAkRta TIkAo je cUrNi e tarIke oLakhAya che tenI vAta muni zrI puNyavijayajI-saMpAdita cUrNinA ullekha karIne karI hatI ane te cUrNi`uttama hovAnuM jaNAvyu hatuM. vaktAe zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNyiA-sapAdita nizAcUrNi, nadIcUrNi, sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, AcArAMgacUrNi vagerenA vistArathI nirdeza karyAM hatA. - samagra bhAratIya kathAsAhitya eka ja che ema kahIne DaeNA. sAMDesarAe maeNksamUlara-kRta 'mAIgrezana oNpha phebalsa eNnDa hAma phAra Ana', guNuADhacaracita ane dalakSI kathAonA mahAsAgara'

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26 jaina sAhatya samAroha samI 'bRtyud kathA', tenuM sauthI jUnuM varNana vasudevarSi'DI,' bhejanuM 'sarasvatI kaThAmaraNa', 'gAthA saptazatI', vApana bhaTTakRta mRt kathAma jarI," bRhadkathAnAM upalabdha traNa rUpAMtarA, bhAratIya kathAsAhityanA itihAsamAM sImAcihna lekhAtA kathAsAhityane amara graMtha 'paMcata Mtra' ( je I. sa. 100 ane 500 nI vacce kAreka lakhAyele paNa je mULa svarUpe teA lupta thaI cUkayo che ), enA nUtana sa`vidhAnarUpa graMtha pacataMtra rikansTrakTeDa'' tenI atyAre prApta thatI judI judI pAThayaparaparA jema ke dakSiNa bhAratIya paMcataMtra', tepAlI poMcataMtra', pazcima bhAratIya paheMcataMtra' (e nizcita rIte jaina kRti che) vagere aneka graMthAnI kayAMka vistArathI tA kAMka sa MkSepamAM vAta karI, jaina kathAsAhityanI addabhuta samRddhite citAra ApyA hatA. prAcIna kALamAM paNa sazeAdhana thayuM hatuM tene khyAla vaktAe p'cAkhyAna uddhAra', 'pizalanA prAkRta vyAkaraNa'nA hindI anuvAdamAMnI hemacaMdranI TIkA vagerenI vAta karI bhAratIya kathAsAhityamAM jaina sAhityanuM kevuM mahattvanuM sthAna hatuM te darzAvyuM hatuM. vaktAe te pachI jainAnA samRddha graMthabhaDArenI vAta karI dra mahAlayamAMnI eka pUtaLI nAyikA 'kapUrama jarI'nA ullekha cokkasa graMthasa'da'mAM karyAM. pachI jaina sAhitya bhAratIya sAhityanuM kevuM avinAbhAvi aMga che te darzAvyuM hatuM. niSTha vAMcana zrI agaracaMda nAhaTAe 'bhAratIya sAhityake jaina sAhityakI dena' e nibaMdhanuM sAratattva rajU karyuM hatuM. temaNe e nibadhamAM jaina sAhityanuM mahattva, kayA evA grantha che je jaina sAhityamAM ja prApta thAya che, jaina sAhityamAM itihAsaviSayamAM zuM zuM thayuM che ane have zuM zuM karavuM Te, ema vividha muddAonI chaNAvaTa

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samAreAha karI hatI. le karuci ghaDatA lAkasAhityanI daSTie jaina sAhitya jeTaluM kAma ApI zake che teTaluM anya kAI sAhitya ApI zakatuM nathI, leAkagIta, rAsagra thA, ceApAI, sajajhAya vagerene lagatA graMthe advitIya che. uttarA rA thI ane hajArA leAkagItAthI jaina leAkasAhitya samRddha che. aganA darzanamAtrathI phalAdeza kahI zakAya. evI pUjya puNyavijayajIsaMpAdita 'aMgavidyA', 'upamitibhava prapaca thA', eka ja zleAkamAMthI sAta kathA pragaTatI sapta sadhAna', 'saMgItA paniSada', 'mRgapakSIzAstra', ceAni pAhuDa' ( prAbhUta ), 'jyAtiSa sAragraMtha', Thakkara pherukRta 'dravyaparIkSA', 'jaina saMskRta sAhityane itihAsa,' madhyakAlIna samAjajIvananuM citra AlekhatI 'kuvalayamAlA', Ama saMkhyAbaMdha prathAnI vAtane pratyekanA vastusaMdarbhe karIne zrI. agaraca'jI nAhaTAe jaina sAhityanA vikAsa ane pracAra kaI rIte. thaI zake te vize vicAravAnA anurAdha karyAM hatA. * DI. kanubhAI zeThe gujarAtanA hastapratagraMthabha`DArA' e vize.. nA peAtAnA nibadhamAM gujarAtanA granthalaDArenI hAlanI sthiti. vize tathA sAhitya ane sAdhananI keTalIka pramukha saMsthAo vize temAMnI hastapratAnA saMdarbhamAM kahyuM hatuM. temaNe ela. DI. insTi TayUTa, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bheA, je, vidyAbhavana, cunIlAla gaMdhI vidyAbhavana, DAhIlakSmI lAyabrerI, eziyATika seAsAyaTI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya vagere sasthAomAM jaina prAkRta sAhityanI keTakeTalI hastapratA che teneA ullekha karI amadAvAda,pATaNa, vaDAdarA, khaMbhAta, DabhAI, IDara, lImaDI, vIramagAma, jAmanagara, pAlItANA tathA bhAvanagara A sarva sthaLee AvelA jaina graMtha-bhaMDArAnI sthitinuM sarvekSaNu ane cAra tabakkAmAM samAvI letI.. yAdI taiyAra karavAnuM sUcavyuM hatuM. OMA. indirAbahena zAhe (surata) gItA ane jaina dharma' e ,

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28 jaina sAhitya samAroha vizenA pitAnA nibaMdhamAM jaina dharmavicAraka muni zrI saMtabAle gItA ane jaina dharmamAM tulanAtmaka dRSTie tAravelA sAyAMzanI -vAta karI hatI - Do. zekharacaMdra jene "bhaktAmara stotra meM bhakti eva sAhitya vize nibaMdha vAMcyA pachI A beThaka mulatavI rahI hatI. kalA vibhAganI beThaka sAMje cAra vAge De. gaudAnInI vADImAM nALiyerInAM vRkSo nIce sAhitya vibhAganI beThakanuM anusaMdhAna thayuM hatuM. te pUve zarUAtamAM jaina kalA vibhAganA pramukha Do. jAtIndra jene "jaina kaLAnA itihAsanA mukhya pravAho" e vizene pitAne abhyAsapUrNa nibaMdha vAMcyo hato. temAM temaNe jaina kaLAnA abhyAsa ane tene sahAyaka nIvaDelAM saMzodhanakAryomAM kALe ApanAra atratya tathA pAzcAtya vidvAnenA pradAnanI vAta karatAM ApaNe tyAMnA kumArasvAmI, bI. sI. bhaTTAcArya, motIcaMdra, kAle khaMDAlAvALA, sArAbhAI navAba, e. ena. upAye, dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA tathA umAkAMta zAha e sahunA saMzodhananI jaina kaLAnA abhyAsa upara pratyakSa ane parokSa asara kevI paDI che teno nirdeza karyo hato. temaNe kahyuM hatuM : "Do. umAkAMta zAhanA gra dvArA jaina kaLAnA ItihAsanI nirmiti thaI zakI. zrI. bI. sI. bhaTTAcArye potAnA graMtha "jaina AIkonogrAphImAM pahelI ja vAra tIrthakare, yakSapakSIo, vidyAdevIo vagerenAM mUrtividhAna upara prakAza pADo. Do.metIcandra jaina citrakaLA ane pazcima bhAratanI zailInI - lAkSaNikatAone prathama vaijJAnika abhyAsa rajU karyo. kumArasvAmIe dha noTsa ena jaina ArTamAM pahelI ja vAra jena citrakaLA vize lakhatAM jaNAvyuM ke A citrakaLAnI zailI bhAratanI koI paNa jUnI zailI jeTalI athavA ethI vadhu mahatvanI che ane ApaNe

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dvitIya jaina sAhitya samArAha 29 jANatAM ha|Ie tevI keAI jUnAmAM jUnI rAjapUta zailI karatAM 150 thI 200 varSa pahelAMnI che." DA. jayeAtIndra jaine jaina imeja oNpha devagaDha'ne eka ja sthAnamAM prApta thatI vividha tabakkAonI asaMkhya mUrti enuM vyavasthita vagI karaNa kevI rIte karavuM, TAipeAleAjI kevI rIte UbhI karavI, pRthakkaraNa kevI rIte karavuM, sapUrNa DAkayumenTezana kaI rIte karavuM te badhI bAbate mATe A graMtha eka anukaraNIya maeNDela hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. ' OMA. harilAla gaudAnIe. * jaina maMdirA : devagaDha ' e vize tathA saurASTranI grAmaprajAnAM leAkagItAmAM jaina tIrthaMkarA vize, ema e laghu nibadhA vAMcatAM prathama saurASTranI grAma prajAnAM leAkagItA tenA mULa DhALamAM gAI batAvI, AhIra tathA khAravA kAmanI zatru...-- jayanA AdIzvara bhagavAnamAM rahelI AsthAnA khyAla ApyA hatA. temaNe traNa pradezathI gherAyelA, devagaDhanI DuMgaramALamAM AvelA devagaDhanA madiramAMnI mUrti enI tathA tyAM ekasAthe AvelAM 35 madirAnI zailInI vAta karI hatI. temanA kahevA mujaba bAramA saikAnuM A maMdira zikharavihANuM ane be mALanA makAna jevuM che. 6 C ' DaoN. bipina jhaverIe * teminAtha navarasa', pre, aruNa zA. jozIe siri sirivAla-kathAmAM siddhacakranuM mAhAtmya ' tathA * samayasAra'mAM * meAkSaciMtana ' e nibadhA saMkSepamAM vAMcyA hatA. prA. tArAkhena zAhe ' agUThe amRta vase ' e nibadhamAM gautama-svAmI vize lakhAyela aSTakanI 5ktiemAMthI vastu sphuTa karIne tema. ullekhAyelAM aSTapadatA rahasyArtha pragaTa karyAM hatA. DaoN. ramaNallAla cI. zAke samayasuMdarakRta - sItArAma ceApAI' e vizenA nibaMdhamAM samayasuMdaranI vIsathI paNa adhika rAsakRtimAM A sahuthI mahattvanI kRtinA svarUpanA khyAla ApyA hatA. bAkI rahelA

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30 jaina sAhitya samArAha nibadhA bIje divase ravivAre savAre vAMcavAnuM TharAvAyuM hatuM. paraMtu bhavAnImAtAnI mulAkAta sAthe geAThavAyelI A beThaka mATe pUratA samaya rahyo na hatA eTale te beThakamAM phakta zrImatI sumanabahena -zaha ja peAtAnA niba Mdha ' uttarAdhyayanasUtra druma patraka H eka samIkSA TUMkamAM vAMcI zakayAM hatAM. a.ma, mahuvAnA zrI yazAvRddhi jaina bAlAzramanA hIraka maheAtsavanA aMgarUpe ceAAyele A dvitIya jaina sAhitya samAreha temAM padhAralA nAmAMkita vidyAneAnI upasthitine kAraNe tathA temAM pramukha ane vibhAgIya pramukhAnAM thayelAM vyAkhyAne uparAMta vaheMcAyelA sa MkhyAbaMdha nibadhAne kAraNe, kudaratanA ramya vAtAvaraNumAM ye|jAyelI tenI keTalIka beThakone kAraNe tathA bAlAzramanA sagavaDabharyA suMdara Atithyane kAraNe saphaLa ane smaraNIya anI rahyo. A dvitIya samArehinA maMtrIe tarIke DaeNA. ramaNulAla cI. zAha, zrI amara jarIvAlA, zrI kAntilAla DAhyAbhAI kArA, zrI sevaMtIlAla cImanalAla zAha ane zrI pannAlAla ra. zAhe rovA apI hatI. .

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha ahevAlaH kRSNavIra dIkSita tA. 19, 20 ane 21 mI Disembara 1880, A traNa divasa suratamAM zrI zatruMjaya vihAra dharmazALA TrasTanA rajata jayaMtI utsava nimitte zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya taraphathI TrasTanA upakrame ane ApaNA eka samartha ane suprasiddha purAtatvavida, bhASAzAstrI tathA vidvAna saMzodhaka Do. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnA pramukhapade tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha yojAyo hato. tA. 19mIe sAMje 6-30 vAgye gAMdhI smRti bhavana (nAna parA-surata)mAM muMbaI, amadAvAda, vaDodarA, rAjakeTa, bhAvanagara, pATaNa tathA anya sthaLoethI sArI evI saMkhyAmAM AvelA pratinidhio, surata zaheramAM vasatA agraNuM sAhityakAro ane prajAnA sAhityirasika varganI upasthitimAM dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTInA upakulapati zrI ke. esa. zAstrIne hasta samArohanuM uddaghATana thayuM hatuM. pariSadane abha - pariSadane AraMbha zrImatI ramAbahena jhaverInI prArthanAthI thayo hatA. zrI bhAgabhAI lAkaDAvALAe zubhecchA saMdezAo vAMcyA pachI TrasTanA menejiMga TrasTI zrI bAbubhAI jarIvALA tathA jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrI zrI amara jarIvALAe sahunuM hArdika svAgata karyuM hatuM.

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jaina sAhitya samAroha svAgata zrI amara jarIvALAnA svAgata pravacanamAM be vAta dhyAnAha hatI, jema ke dharmasahiSNutAne kAraNe suratamAM sArI evI saMkhyAmAM khristI devaLo che, pArasI agiyArIo che, suvikhyAta masjida che ane hindu devasthAne che. zaheramAM 80 uparAMta jaina maMdire che. zaheranA jJAnabhaMDAromAM hajAro hastalikhita prato jaLavAI rahI che. durgArAma mahetAjI, navalarAma paMDayA, naMdazaMkara mahetA ane kavi narmada tathA paMDita paraMparAnA mahA vidvAna che. viSNuprasAda trivedI temaja anya aneka vidvAna sAhityakArone kAraNe surata sAhityanA nakazA upara gauravabharyuM sthAna dharAve che. sane 1954mAM zrI zatruMjaya vihAra TrasTa sthapAyuM hatuM. TrasTa dvArA zatruMjaya tIrthamAM eka vizALa dharmazALA kharIdavAmAM AvI hatI. 1971mAM tenA cagAnamAM tenA eka bhAgarUpe eka navI dharmazALA baMdhAvavAmAM AvI hatI. samArohanI bhUmikA jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrI ane muMbaI yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA vaDA tathA vidvAna sAhityakAra che. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe jaina sAhitya samArohanI bhUmikA samajAvI hatI. temaNe kahyuM hatuM : "prathama samAroha muMbaImAM, dvitIya mahuvAmAM ane tRtIya suratamAM, ema dara be varSe judI judI jagyAe yojAto rahyo che. A jaina sAhitya samAroha pAchaLa kaI saMkucita ke sAMpradAyika daSTi nathI. Ame ya jaina darzana atyaMta vyApaka ane samanvayazIla che. varNAzrama vageremAM kazo bhedabhAva nathI. kumArapALe jaina dharma aMgIkAra karyo hato. jenetara kAmamAM paNa potAnI dAnapravRtti vistArIne teo mahAzrAvakanI keTie pahoMcyA hatA. A samAroha pitAne svataMtra AkAra dhAraNa karI zake e mATe hAla tenuM koI baMdhAraNa

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha paNa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM nathI. prathama samArohanuM pramukhasthAne jaina nahi evA mahA vidvAna zrI ke. kA. zAstrIe bhAvyuM hatuM. samAroha javA pAchaLano uddeza jJAnanI upAsanA ane dharma tathA tatvadarzananI pravRttine vega prApta thAya e che." DaoN. ramaNabhAIe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayano eka saMskAravaMta sAhityika saMsthA lekhe mahimA karyA pachI kahyuM: "varSo sudhI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadamAM eka jaina sAhityano vibhAga rahetA. keTalAMka varSothI have e vibhAga nathI. jaina sAhityane tenI viziSTatA che. tenI samRddhi akhUTa che ane te amUlya che. surata, vaDodarA. amadAvAda, lIMbaDI, khaMbhAta, pATaNa, jesalamera ane anya sthAne jaina sAhityanI vIsa lAkha karatAM vadhu hastaprato che. tenuM saMzodhana hAtha dharAya to pAMca varSa sudhI cAlI zake eTaluM kAma che. kamanasIbe A saMzodhanakArya karanAra vidvAno alpasaMkhya che. AvA sAhitya samArehathI prerAIne koIne rasa paDe te rAsa, phAgu, prabaMdha, stavana, sajajhAya vageremAMthI koI paNa eka sAhityaprakAra upara saMzodhana karI zake eTalI aDhaLaka sAmagrI che. alaga jaina sAhitya samAroha yajavA pAchaLa saMzodhana ane vidyAvistAranuM ja laya che. A samAroha pUro thayA pachI paNa A pravRtti cAlu rahe ane vikase evI abhilASA che." zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya , zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA maMtrI zrI ratilAla ke ThArIe kahyuMH "mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya 65 varSa upara kevaLa paMdara vidyAthI. ethI zarU thayuM hatuM. Aje temAM 750 vidyAthIo che. A saMsthAmAMthI cha hajAra vidyArthIoe duniyAmAM ane jIvanamAM suyaza prApta karyo che. Aje saMsthAnI sAta zAkhA che. samAjemAM ne dezamAM tenI sArI pratiSThA che. hastalikhita prato ane vIsa

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34 jaina sAhitya samAroha hajAra pustaka dharAvatuM tenuM graMthAlaya che. samAjanA kaI paNa grejyaeTa bhAI-bahena jaina sAhitya ke tattvajJAnamAM pIeca. DI.ne ke ema.e.ne abhyAsa karavA taiyAra hoya te tene AkarSaka sahAya karavA mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya taiyAra che. jJAnopAsaka koIne paNa sahakAra ane sahAya ApavA vidyAlaya taiyAra che." jaina dharma ane ahiMsA - dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTInA zikSaNa vibhAganA vaDA Do. guNavaMtabhAI zAhe kahyuM: "jaina dharma pratye mane khAsa AkarSaNa e kAraNasara che ke e dhame ahiMsAne kendrIya svIkRti ApI che. ahiMsAne have kevaLa AdarzarUpe rAkhavI posAya ema nathI. tene sthUla kakSAe paNa AcaravI raheze." sAIbIriyAnAM ghAsanAM vizALa medAnamAM vicaratI khAsa jAtanI kaDIo haNavA upara mukAyelA pratibaMdhane ullekha karI manuSya nAmanuM prANI svArthathI prerAIne koleja" paryAvaraNane vikSipta kare che te AjanA vijJAnayuganA eka aniSTa pratye dhyAna kheMcIne temaNe bhagavAna tathAgatanuM daSTAMta rajU kyuM hatuM ane jIvananAM tamAma kSetromAM "averanesano mahimA karyo hato. temaNe vizva Aje jyAre pheTaka paristhitimAM mukAgheluM che tyAre ahiMsAne vyavahAru stara upara lAvavAno prayAsa karavAne anurodha karyo hate. prA. sUryakAnta zAhe jaina sAhityanI be lAkSaNikatA - eka dhyeyalakSitA ane bIjI gAMbhIrya pratye dhyAna kheMcIne te sAhityanI svarUpagata ane viSayagata parivartanazIlatAne nirdeza karyo hato. aDhI hajAra varSa pUrvene sokreTisa ane tenA ziSya sAthenA savAdanI sAthe zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ane gautama (brAhmaNa hatA) vaccenA saMvAdonI tulanA karatAM pro. zAhe sekreTisanA saMvAdane sAmAjika, jyAre mahAvIranA saMvAdone azvaryapUrNa lekhavyA hatA.

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha 35 temaNe jaina sAhityanI svayaM zistane prazaMsI hatI, ane jaina sAhitya samagra samAjane upakAraka banI rahe evA prayatno karavAnI himAyata karI hatI. dhaMriSadanuM udaghATana - dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTInA kulapati zrI ke. esa zAstrIe pariSadanuM uddaghATana karatAM kahyuM hatuM : "vidyArthI avasthAthI jaina sAhitya ane jaina samAjano mane anubhava thato rahyo che. paryaTana goThavyuM hoya ane jaina tIrthasthAnomAM javAnuM hoya te muzkelI na vaDe. sagavaDa je jaina samAjanA zANapaNanuM aMga che tene lAbha maLe ja maLe. kyAreka vicAra Ave che ke tapa je sthaLe kendrasthAne heya tyAM sagavaDa paNa hoya te virodhAtmaka paristhiti na lekhAya ? tapane agavaDa, muzkelI ke hADamArInA saMdarbhamAM paNa samajavAmAM Ave che. bhajana hoya ane taMdurastI paNa hoya chatAM bhojana na karavuM te tapa che. tapa ane AdhyAtmika vikAsa e vyaktine prazna che. jaina samAjamAM vyakti ane samAja baMnenA samanvayane khyAla raNo che, kAraNa ke temAM kendrasthAne mAnava che. vyaktivAda upara bhAra mukAya tyAre uddabhavatAM valaNa dharmanA pAyAmAM rahelI samanvayadaSTinI sayi susaMgata thAya nahi vyaktigata tapa ane sAmAjika sagavaDe A tIrtha sthAnanI vyavasthA paratvene eka anubhava che. bIje anubhava te vyaktigata anubhava che. ema. e.mAM hato tyAre prAkRtaardhamAgadhInAM pAThayapustako maLe nahi. vidyArthIoe pustakenI hAthe ja nakala utArI levAnI. temAM tamane khyAla haze mane paNa tanI tAlIma maLI. paraMtu vyaktine sAmAjika sagavaDane abhAve tapa karavuM paDe evI paristhiti tene mATe athavA vidyArthI mATe na hevI joIe."

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36 jana sAhitya samAroha yunivarsiTImAM cera zrI zAstrIe jaina sAhityanI samRddhi suratamAM akhUTa che enI vistRta mAhitI rajU karI tene bhAratIya saMskRti ane bhAratIya itihAsane mahattvanA agale be mahimA karyA hatA ane kahyuM hatuM ke "jaina samAja samRddha che. aneka arthomAM samRddha che. te badhA arthone samanvaya karIne eka vyavasthA evI vicAravI joIe je sAhitya, jaina samAja ane bRhad samAjanI daSTie upakAraka nIvaDe. jaina sAhityanI samRddhi aMge Ayojana karavuM hoya to saMgrahasthAna joIe. yunivarsiTImAM sAhityanI "cerInI yojanA paNa vicArI zakAya. dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM jaina sAhitya mATe cera (saMzAdhana vibhAga) sthApavAnuM vicArAya te yunivariMTI te aMge bhautika sAdhanonI sagavaDa ApavA taiyAra che." pariSadanA pramukhanuM vyAkhyAna pramukhapadethI De. bhegIlAla sAMDesarAe vyAkhyAnAraMbhe saddagata AgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI, mahAmAnava munizrI jinavijayajI tathA RSisamA prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI jevI mahAna manISI ane aparigrahI jJAnatapasvIonI caraNasevAnuM sAdara smaraNa karIne kahyuM: "surata kevaLa gujarAtanuM ja nahi, pazcima bhAratanuM eka adbhuta zahera che. A zahere joyA che evA vArApherA bahu ochAM zaheree joyAM haze." suratane narmadanagarI tarIke oLakhAvIne De. sAMDesarAe tApI dakSiNa taTe, surata muja ghAyala bhUmiH mane ghaNuM abhimAna, bheya tArI meM cUmI.. kavi narmadanI e kAvyapaMkti udUgArI e vIra narane saMbhAryo hate. "naMdazaMkara jIvanacaritra" saMdarbhe zrI naMdazaMkara mahetAne yAda karyA hatA ane kahyuM hatuM ke "jamIna e pradeza pradeza vacce bheda pADe che tyAre pANI deza ane paradezane joDe che. jagatabharamAM mahAsAgara vAhana

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samArAha 37 vyavahAra mATe jabaradasta avakAza nirmANa kare che. surata e pazcima bhAratanuM, arabastAna ane yurApa sAthe joDanAru zahera che. surata e dakSiNa gujarAtanuM kAzI che. surata ane tenI AsapAsanAM nagarAmAMnA pArasI vidyAnAe pArasI dharmAMtra thAnA jUnI gujarAtI ane saMskRtamAM anuvAda karyAM che. sANa baMdare pArasIe UtaryAM. temaNe IrAna sudhI saMskRta vidyAne pracAra karyAM. surata ane rAMderamAM saMskRta, prAkRta tathA jUnI gujarAtImAM tra'thA racAyA che. arvAcIna kALamAM jaina AgamAnI vAcanA thaI che, temAM suratanuM ghaNuM mATuM pradAna che. mULa kapaDavaMjanA vatanI mar3Ana vidvAna AcArya zrI sAgarAnaMdasUrIzvarajI mahArAje suratane potAnI kabhUmi banAvI AgamanAM nava gA upara TIkA lakhI. AgamavAcanAnuM pracaMDa kA temaNe ekale hAthe karyuM. ane te kArya suratamAM vasIne karyuM. ' '' jaina sAhitya OMA. sAMDesarAe te pachI jaina sAhitya vize eka spaSTatA karatAM kahyuM : " jaina sAhitya eTale jaina vidyAnAe kevaLa dhArmika viSaya para ja nahi, keAI paNa viSaya para lakheluM sAhitya, jaina sAhitya eTale jaina Agama, jaina sUtreA. jJAnanA jeTalA jeTalA viSayA kheDAyA che jemAM Ayurveda ane jyeAtiSane paNa samAveza thAya che. temAMnA eka paNa viSaya evA nathI je jainAne hAthe na kheDAye| DhAya. duniyAbharamAM jyAM jayAM dharmasthAna che, tyAM vaidaka ane jyAtiSa upara bhAra mukAyA che. jaitA dvArA na kheDAyeA hAya - prAkRtamAM ane saskRtamAM -evA kAI ja viSaya nathI. (OM), sAMDe sarAe A hakIkatanuM azvaveSanAM nATakonA nirdezathI samarthana karyuM... hatuM.) jaina sAhitya racanArA badhA ja kAMI jaina sAdhue na hatA. jaina Agama e paraparAdhI vikaselI vItarAganI vANI che. jaina AgamamAM badhuM eka sAthe aSilekhArUDha thayuM che.'

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38 jana sAhitya samAroha mahattvanAM sUcana DaoN. sAMDesarAe eka kALe aparigrahanI vibhAvanA graMthane paNa AvarI letI hatI te hakIkatane ulekha karIne jaNAvyuM ke "jJAnanI sAdhanA mATe samaya jatAM Avazyaka lekhAtAM pustako lakhAvA mAMDayAM ane saMgharAvA lAgyAM. jaina samAjamAM graMthanuM jJAnalekhe mUlya eTaluM badhuM che ke chApelA akSarovALAM chApAM upara paga paNa na mukAya" pATaNamAM AgamaprabhAkara zrI puNyavijayajIe karelA kAmane tathA TIkArUpe lakhAyelI cUrNinI khIcaDiyA bhASAnA jJAnanA kSetre atihAsika sAtatyanA saMdarbhamAM ullekha karIne tathA valabhIthI mAMDIne pATaNa, surata ane Aje mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayamAM thaI rahelA saMzodhanakAryane temaja zrI cImanalAla dalAle pATaNanA bhaMDAremAMnA graMthonuM je saMzodhanakArya karyuM che tene temaNe vigate nirdeza karyo hato. temaNe kahyuM hatuM ke "zrI dalAle karyuM che tevuM kAma suratanA jena bhaMDAromAMnA graMthenA saMzodhananuM kAma hAtha dharAvuM joIe. bIje kyAM ya na maLatA prAcIna jaina bhaMDAromAMnA jainetara graMthanuM prakAzana paNa thavuM joIe. DAka paNa evA vidyArthIo UbhA thavA joIe jeo potAnA purogAmI vidrAnene khabhe UbhA rahI temanA saMzodhanakAryane AgaLa calAve, A kAma bhaktipUrvaka ane niSThAthI thavuM joIe." vidvAnanuM puSpahArathI sanmAna ane AbhAradarzanathI jene sAhitya samArohanuM uddaghATana samAraMbha samApta thayA. te divase rAtre surata vizA zrImALI jaina jJAti mahilA maMDaLa taraphathI manaraMjana kAryakrama yojAyo hato. vibhAgIya beThako samArehaprasaMge yojavAmAM AvelI prathama ane bIjI vibhAgIya

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha 39 beThaka tA. 20 mI Disembare savAre ane bapore akhila hiMda mahilA pariSada sabhAgRhamAM yojAI hatI. prathama beThakano viSaya hato jaina tatvajJAna'. tenA adhyakSapade hatA banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTImAMnA darzanazAstra vibhAganA vaDA Do. sAgaramalajI ena. bIjI beThakane viSaya hatA jaina itihAsa ane kaLA'. tenA adhyakSapade hatA. itihAsa, sthApatya ane saMzodhanakSetranA bhAratabharamAMnA eka agraNI vidvAna hai. hariprasAda zAstrI, trIjI beThaka ravivAre savAre "samRddhi (nAnaparAH surata)mAM maLI hatI. teno viSaya hate "jaina sAhitya, tenA adhyakSapade hatA asAdhAraNa vidyAvyAsaMgI vidvAna zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA. temaNe atyArasudhImAM pAMca hajArathI paNa vadhu lekho lakhyA che. temanI smRti adbhuta rIte sateja che. parisaMvAdamAM rajU karavA mATe ghaNuM nibaMdha AvyA hatA. temAMnA soLa nibaMdha saMkSepamAM vaMcAyA hatA. je cAra nibaMdhakAre anupasthita hatA temanA nibaMdhone vastusAra Do. ramaNalAla zAha saMkSepamAM rajU karyo hateA. parivAranI prathama beThaka parisaMvAdanI prathama beThakanA AraMbhe vidvAna ciMtaka ane lekhaka zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe De. sAgaramala jainane paricaya karAvyo. hato. Do. sAgaramala jaina banArasa hiMdu vidyApIThamAM prajJAcakSu paDita sukhalAlajIsthApita darzana-saMzodhana vibhAganA vaDA che ane tatvajJAnanA adhyApaka che. teo dAnazAstranA pIeca. DI. che. jaina tatvajJAna - De. sAgaramala jaine pitAnA vyAkhyAnamAM kahyuM hatuM ke "darzananA kSetramAM dhyAnamAM AvatI pahelI vAta e che ke ApaNe tyAM darzananuM adhyayana adhyAtmane anulakSIne paraMparAgata svarUpamAM thatuM AvyuM

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jaina sAhitya samAroha che. jaina darzanano paNa abhyAsa e rIte thato hato. kharuM jotAM, jema koI paNa darzana tema jaina darzanano abhyAsa paNa anya dazanenA pariprekSyamAM thavo joIe, kAraNa ke koI paNa darzana zUnyamAMthI pragaTa thatuM nathI. darzanane abhyAsa karatI veLA kayA kramamAM tene vikAsa thayo te paNa jevuM-tapAsavuM joIe. e kharuM ke ekane jANe che te sarvane jANe che. AtmAne jANe che te paramAtmAne jANe che. lebha, meha, mAyA ityAdi kaSAyo paikI koI eka kaSAyane abhyAsa karo te bIjA kaSAyone khyAla Ave. jaina Agamone ItihAsanA saMdarbhamAM jevAM ghaTe." AtmA zu che? sAgaramala jene vadhumAM kahyuM hatuM: "bhagavatIsUtramAM gautamasvAmIe bhagavAna mahAvIrane prazna karyo ke "AtmA zuM che?" bhagavAna mahAvIre javAba Apyo ke "AmA sAmAyika che. AtmAnuM lakSya sAmAyikane prApta karavAnuM che" AjanI vijJAnanI daSTithI joIe to AtmA zuM che? AtmA svataMtra vastu che. ApaNe je kaMI chIe te jaDacetanane saMgarUpa chIe. e eka viziSTa avasthA che. cetanA zuM che? je "manI'(pasA)nI paribhASA che ke "manI Ijha vaoNTa manI Dajha." tema cetanAnuM lakSaNa e che ke e je kare che te ja enuM lakSaNa che- kolyusanesa Ijha voTa kAzyasanesa Dajha. dareka vastu samatulana prApta karavA icche che. mana zuM kare che? mana tenAthI mukta rahIne zAMti tarapha javA Icche che. jJAna, darzana, cAritrya e cetanAnAM lakSaNa che. samyaka jJAna, samyapha darzana ane samyapha cAritrya dvArA cetanenuM samatulana jaLavAI rahevuM joIe netra che to vastunuM svarUpa joI zakIe chIe. padArthanuM svarUpa jotAM TheSano vikSepa Ave to samatulA DagI jAya. AthI daSTi saMpUrNapaNe athavA azeSapaNe rAgadveSavivarjita evI nirmaLa joIe.

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha "darzananuM adhyayana Adhunika samAjanA upayoganI daSTie Adhunika darzananA pariprekSayamAM thavuM joIe. bIjI rIte kahIe te darzanane Adhunika saMdarbhamAM, samAjanA saMdarbhamAM jovuM joIe. kAraNa, sAmAjika daSTie darzananI kazIka upayogitA che. darzananI avadhAraNAne jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha hovo joIe AthI dArzanika avadhAraNAnuM jIvananA ane sAmAjika saMdarbhamAM mUlyAMkana thavuM joie. jena dArzanika siddhAMtane Adhunika saMdarbhamAM mUlavavA joIe." AtmAne zI rIte jANavo? Do. jene vizeSamAM kahyuM : "AtmAne zI rIte jANuM ? A AtmAnI pichAna e eka sudI jJAnayAtrA che. AtmAne sIdhesadho kaI jANI zakato nathI. indriya ke mana dvArA te pakaDAto nathI. to have "sajeTane "enseTa' banAvavAnI jarUra che. AtmAne na jANI zakAya to ye anAmane to jANI zakAya che. je prajJAthI para-alaga thaI jAya to zeSa je raheze te AtmA haze. ApaNe ApaNuM ekeeka maryAdA, nirbaLatA, bhAvanA tathA vRddhinA draSTA thavuM joIe. A paNe ApaNI jAtanA sAkSI thavAnI jarUra che. ApaNane krodha thato hoya te kaeNdha pratye jAgrata thavuM joIe. kaidha pratye jAgrata thavuM ane krodha kare e be ekasAthe banI zakaze nahi.. ApaNe ApaNI jAtane draSTAbhAvathI eTale ke sAkSIbhAvathI jevI joIe. darzakanI sthitimAM rahIne saMsArano anubhava karavo joIe. arthAt saMsAranA anubhava anAsaktabhAvathI karavo joIe athavA anAsakta rahIne saMsAra anubhavo joIe, bhagavo joIe." Do. sAgaramalajI jainanA vyAkhyAna pachI nibaMdhonuM vAcana thayuM hatuM. jaina AgamAmAM jJAna-pramANanA samanvayane prazna pro. kAnajIbhAI paTele (pATaNa) jaina AgamAM jJAna-pramANunA

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jaina sAhitya samAroha samanvayane prazna e vizenA nibaMdhamAM sahu prathama AgamamAM jJAnavicAranA vikAsanI traNa bhUmikAo-prathama Amika ane bAkInI be tArkika samajAvI hatI. te pachI temaNe Agamika ane tArkika ema baMne paddhatie samagra jJAnavRttinuM nirUpaNa thayeluM hovA chatAM kyAMya e be paddhationo paraspara samanvaya karAyelo jaNAto nathI ema kahIne jJAna ane pramANanA samanvayanA praznanI vicAraNA karI hatI. temaNe sukhaduHkhAdine viSaya karanAra mAnasajJAna te pratyakSa, ane anumAna upamAna Adi mAnasazAna te parokSa - A baMnene pUrNa samanvaya kevI rIte thaI zake tenI vicAraNA karI hatI. uparAMta matijJAna tarIke varNavatuM indriyajanya jJAna je pratyakSa kahevAyuM che tathA mati ane zruta je baMnene parAkSa jJAna kahevAyuM che, te bene samanvaya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ane digambara AcAryomAM bhakAraka akalaMke kaI rIte karI batAvyo che ane te samanvaya keTalo badhe asaMdigdha che te samajAvyuM hatuM. DazAstra ane jaina dharmagraMtha Do. rameza sI. lAlane (muMbaI) "dha kansepTa oNpha jaina pAnolojI, ejha pepAunTeDa Ina dha thisisa pIlajI enDa jena krizcarsa' e zIrSaka heThaLa lakhelo nibaMdha vAMcatAM jaina dharmagraMthamAM vijJAnanI zI vibhAvanA che tenI vistArathI vicAraNA rajU karI hatI. temanA vaktavyane sAra e ke "daDAzAstra e aparAdhavijJAnanuM eka aMga che ane gunAo zAthI thAya che tathA te kaI rIte aTakAvI zakAya e samasyA sAthe tene saMbaMdha che. jaina da zAstramAM karma sAmenA saMgharSamAM apanAvavA ghaTatA yUha athavA phUTa nIti tarIke tenI vicAraNA thaI che. jaina dharmagraMtha pramANe daDazAnuM mULa ane uddabhava sapta daMDanItimAM hyAM che" vaktAe e khAsa jANavA jevuM e kahyuM ke jaina daDavijJAna athavA daMDazAstranI

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha 43 vyAkhyAmAM zikSAnI bhAvanAne ja sadaMtara lepa karavAmAM AvyA che. jainadarzanamAM kaI paNa vyaktine tenA koI paNa aparAdha yA duSkRtya mATe kaI paNa prakAranI sajAne nirdeza nathI ne tenuM kAraNa hRdaya parivartananI amara AzA ane zraddhAmAM rahyuM che game tevA bhayaMkaramAM bhayaMkara aparAdhIne zikSA nahi paNa kSamAnI himAyata karavAmAM AvI che. karmanuM je phaLa AvavAnuM hoya te dharmathI TALI. zakAya che evI eka mAnyatA che. te sAthe jaina daMDazAstramAM saMvara ane Azrava thakI vyaktinI gunAkhera vRtti ane valaNa aTakAva-- vAnI keziza karavAnuM sUcavyuM che. A vastunuM bhAvAtmaka dRSTie sAmAjika mahattva ghaNuM badhuM svIkArAyuM che. jaina dharmamAM syAdvAda zrI jayendra zAha (muMbaI) jaina dharmamAM syAsvAda e vizeno. pitAne abhyAsa pUrNa nibaMdha vAMcatAM syAdavAda ke anekAntavAdanI vyApaka daSTi janadarzanamAM kyAM kyAM spaze che ane vyavahAra tathA adhyAtmamAM A daSTinuM zuM mahattva che te tapAsavA upakrama rAkhe. hato. bhinna bhinna daSTibinduthI vastune avalokavAnI paddhatine anekAntavAda athavA syAddavAda kahe che e ma vyAkhyA karIne vaktAe "syAdvAda e saMzayavAda nathI paraMtu te vastudarzananI vyApaka kaLA ApaNane zIkhave che" e AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM maMtavya TAMkIne utpatti, sthiti ane laya-padArthanA A traNa dharmonI AtmAne saMdarbhe samaja ApI hatI. temaNe kahyuM ke "AtmA mULa dravyarUpa.. nitya che. kintu avasthAbhede te anitya che. mANasa mRtyu pAme eTale e deva thayo ema kahIe chIe. mRtyu pAmatAM tenA manuSya paryAyane nAza thayo ane deva paryAyanI utpatti thaI. Ama jana darzanamAM AtmAne nitya ane pariNAmI. mAnavAmAM Avyo che." ema kahyA pachI vaktAe, jaina darzanamAM jene "saptabhaMgI' (judI judI

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44 jaina sAhitya samAreha sAta kathanarIti ) kahevAmAM Ave che te pAMca samavAya kAraNe! kALa, svabhAva, pUrNAMka, udyama ane niyaMtti-nizcayadRSTi ane vyavahAra. dRSTi, pAMca pramANa ane sAta naya vagere vize vistArathI kahyuM hatuM. syAdvAdaviSayaka sAhitya vize vAta karyAM pachI vaktAe anya danemAM paNa syAdvAdane maLatI AvatI paddhatinI vAta karIne aMtamAM syAdvAdanI jIvanamAM meTAmAM meTI upakArakatA zI che teneA paricaya ApyA hatA. sAdhanAke nayA AyAma OMA. zekharacandra jete sAdhanAke yA AyAma' e vizenA potAnA nibadhamAM sAdhanApathanI yAtrA - sAmAyika bahirjagatathI AMtarajagatanI yAtrA - kai rIte karavI ghaTe te, styane tattvanI bArImAMthI ( para MparAnI khArImAMthI nahi ) vileAkavA upara bhAra mUkIne nirapekSa vRtti ane nivicArayAganA mahimA karyAM hatA. aparigraha ane parigraha parimANa prA.tArAbahena zAhe aparigraha ane parigraha parimANa' e viSaya pane peAtAne niSadha vAMcatAM sarvaprathama aparigraha ane ahiMsA baMne paraspara pUraka hAvAnuM jaNAvIne, aparigrahane ahiMsAnI AdhArazilA tarIke mahimA karyAM hatA. jaina zAstrAnusAra parigrahanA mukhya saMbaMdha mananI vRtti sAthe hovAnuM jaNAvIne vaktAe tene pApanA mULa tarIke eLakhAvI tenAM aniSTA varNavyAM hatAM. dhanaprApti saMbaMdhamAM jaina dharma sUcavelA niyamAnA nirdeza karIne vaktAe upaniSade ane gItAe tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha ane gAMdhIjI vagere vibhUtioe tapa tathA sayama upara mUkelA bhAranu hattva darzAvyuM hatuM. dhana saMbadhamAM gAMdhIjInI TrasTIzipanI vanAne daDhAvI hatI, ka!raNa ke dhana upara svAmItva rAkhavAmAM zIla

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha 45 nathI, tapa nathI ane saMyama nathI. kArla mAse paNa bhagavAna. mahAvIranI "svAmItvanA umUlana'nI bhAvanAne anurUpa karelA uodhanane vaktAe ullekha karyo hato. bhagavAna mahAvIre maryAdita parigrahanA aticArane paNa je vicAra karyo hato teno paricaya karAvI. vaktAe AcArazuddhi ane maryAdita parigraha mATe darzAvelAM traNa vratoH (1) IcchA parimANa vrata, (2) dizA parimANa vrata tathA. (3) bhagapaga parimANa vrata-nI samajaNa ApI parigrahanA AMtarabAhya prakAra varNavyA hatA. temaNe kahyuM: "dhanadhAnya, jamInajAgIra, jhaverAta vagerene saMgraha te bAhya parigraha che. krodha, lobha, meha, ahaMkAra, A badhA mAnavamananA durbhA, tathA tRSNA ityAdi. vikArI bhAve te sUkama parigraha che. mAruM te ja sAcuM" evo svamatAgraha ane jeTaluM sAcuM teTaluM mAruM' eve vaicArika parigraha. tathA sAMpradAyikatA, rASTrIyatA, zarIrabaLa, sattAkAMkSA ane dhanavAnanI khuzAmata A sarva paNa sUkSma parigrahe ja che." vadhAre paDatuM kamAIne dAna karavuM te kIcaDamAM paga mUkIne ghevA sarakhuM che e AcArya haribhadrasUrinuM maMtavya rajU karIne vaktAe dAna karatAM paNa tyAga ane e rIte aparigrahane mahimA karyo hate. jaina itihAsa ane kaLA bapore maLelI bIjI beThakane viSaya hato jaina ItihAsa ane kaLA." samArohanA pramukha Do. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe beThakanA vibhAgIya adhyakSa Do. hariprasAda zAstrIne paricaya karAvyo hato.. Do. hariprasAda zAstrIe "gujara tanAM prAcIna itihAsa, sthApa ya zi95 Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna e viSaya uparanA pitAnA UMDA abhyAsapUrNa vyAkhyAnamAM kahyuM hatuM ke "prAgaitihAsika pASaNayugIna saMskRtimAM jaina saMpradAya jevA saMpradAya hevAnuM jANavA maLyuM nathI. purAtatvIya sthaLatapAsamAM tathA ukhanane dvArA Adya

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jena sAhitya samAroha aitihAsika saMskRtine darzanamAM paNa jaina ane bauddha saMpradAyonAM viziSTa lakSaNa nizcita svarUpe bhAgye ja dekhA de che." gujarAtane pramANita itihAsa maurya kALathI zarU thAya che ema kahIne vaktAe maurya rAja azokanA patra saMpratie gujarAtamAM zatruMjaya upara, bhRgukacachamAM tathA giranAra upara jinAlaya baMdhAvyAM hovAne jaina anuzrutimAM ullekha hovAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. te sAthe temaNe vadhumAM kahyuM hatuM : "ema chatAM sthApatyanI anihAsika daSTie eTalAM ja prAcIna gaNAya evAM kAI maMdira hajI maLyAM nathI." "gujarAtanA ItihAsanA sudIrdha prAcInakALa kSatrapAlamAM kSaharAta kulanA prasiddha rAja nahapAnanA sikkA rAjasthAna, saurASTra ane mahArASTramAM maLyA hovAnuM tathA mahArASTramAM enA samayanA abhilekha maLyA hovAnuM temaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM. pAlItANA, bharUca, DhAMka, staMbhanaka (hAlanuM thANe), zaMkhapura vagere sthaLe A kALa daramiyAna jaina tIrtho tarIke khyAti dharAvatA hovAnuM kahyA pachI ema paNa kahyuM hatuM, ke e kAlanuM sthApatyasvarUpa dharAvatAM caNatarI jinAlaya maLyAM nathI jUnAgaDha pAsenI bAvApyArA guphAo jaina saMpradAyanI hoya e saMbhavita kharuM, che ja ema nizcita nahI kahevAya. paraMtu DhAMka ji. rAjakeTa)nI guphAomAM AdinAtha zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra svAmI vagerenI pratimAo kaMDArelI hAI e guphAo -jaina sAdhuo mATe nirmA) hovAnuM nizcita che. Ake.TA(vaDodarA) mAM maLelI UbhA AdinAthanI khaMDita dhAtupratimA savA tIrthakaranI sahuthI jUnI jJAtI pratimA che. valabhIne nAza thavAnuM jANatAM tyAMnA jaina saMghanA ciMtAyaka vardhamAnasUrinI sUcanAthI tyAMnI jaina pratimAo anyatra khaseDAI ema kahyA pachI vaktAe maitrakakAnuM sthApatyasvarUpa dharAvatuM koI jinAlaya hajI gujarAtamAM maLyuMbhathI, paraMtu AkoTAmAM A kALanI

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAreha 47 aneka dhAtu pratimAo prApta thaI che ema jaNAvyuM hatuM. kanaiAjanA rAjA nAgabhaTa rAjAe ahilapura, meADherA vagere sthaLAe jinAlaya badhAvyAM hata', ema jaNAvyA pachI vaktAe sAlakI kALamAM gujarAtamAM jaina dharmanA ghaNA abhyudaya thayeA hevAnuM jaNAvIne arbudagiri upara daMDanAyaka vimale AdinAtha caitya baMdhAvyuM heAvAnuM kahyuM hatuM. siddharAja jayasiMhanAM preraNA ane presAhanathI hemacandrAcAye taiyAra kareluM siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana' tathA 'hU~cAzraya'mAM sAlakI rAjAonA thayelA caritranirUpaNane ullekha karyA pachI kumArapALe jaina dharmAMtA aMgIkAra karyAM tathA prabhAsanA sAmanAthane jIrNodvAra karyAM e hakIkata kahIne vaktAe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke bhImadeva rAjAnA samayamAM jaina dharmanA parama upAsaka vastupAle zatruMjaya upara RSabhadevanI AgaLa indra maMDaLa ane tenI bhaMte bAjue pArzvanAtha tathA puMDarikanI navI mUrti A kaDArAvI hatI. tejapAle Abu upara derAsara kha"dhAvyuM te tathA madiranA sta`bheA, gUDha maMDapanA mukhya daravAjAnI be bAjue su Mdara nakazIvALA e geAkhalA vageremAM vartAtA maneAhArI zilpasodiyA ni de za karI OMA. zAstrIe gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsamAM temaja sthApatya, zilpa ane citrakalAmAM jaina dharmanA anuyAyIo, prabhAva, tathA protsAhakAe kevu gaNanApAtra pradAna karyuM che te jaNAvyuM hatuM. na lAbhanna 6 zrI namAlAla vasA(muMbaI)e jaina lAvaibhava vizenA mAtAne nibadha vAMcatAM pratyeka bhAratIya nAgarika gaurava laI zake eve1 virATa kalAvaibhava jenee nirmANa karyAM havAnuM tathA jaina dharmanI kalAkRtionA itihAsa cha hAra varSa jUne hevAnuM jaNAmIte jaina kalAnI aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM jhAMkhI karAvI hatI. .

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jaina sAhitya samArADa vaktAe jaina kalA tathA sthApatyanI jhAMkhI karAvatI kha'Digira tathA udayagirinI gufA, mathurAnA kaMkAlI TIbA ane tyAMnI zilpasamRddhi, mathurAmAMnA gAMdhArachApanI jaina kalAnA avazeSo tathA bihAra, uttarapradeza, gujarAta vagere pradezAmAM prApta thayelA jaina kAMsyakalAnA asa`khya namUnAo vagerene vigate ullekha karIne AjI, kuMbhAriyA, acalagaDha, rAjasthAna, rANakapura vagere vistArAmAMnAM derAsarAnI zilpasamRddhi, karNATakanI bAhubalinI virATa pratimA, citAnA kIti staMbha, zatrujaya ane giranAra uparanAM derAsara vagere kalAvaibhavane khyAla ApIne vaktAe jaina kalAvaibhavanI rakSA athe keTalAMka vyavahAru sUcane karyAM hatAM. 48 zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe (khIkAnera) mahAbhArata bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM itihAsarUpa hatuM, tema mahAbhAratamAM maLe che te nirdeze| jaina graMthAmAM paNa maLe che vagere kahIne itihAsane saMpradAyanA daSTikrANu cheADI vizALa daSTithI jovAnI himAyata karI hatI. zrI naTavaralAla zAhe ( muMbaI ) peAtAnA nikha dhamAM jaina dharmonAM stAtrAmAMnI magala bhAvanA tathA jaitAnAM tapavratA ane dhArmika dRSTinI dinacaryAMnA rahasyanI jANa karI hatI. dvitIya beThaka samApta thayA pachI sAMje suratanA meyara zrI navInabhAI bharatiyA taraphathI kArpArezana haoNlamAM sanmAnasamAraMbha yeAjAyA hatA tathA rAtre byuTI vidhAuTa *alTI' taraphathI philma batAvavAmAM AvI hatI, te uparAMta jaina tIrthAnI philmA paNa khatAvavAmAM AvI hatI. jaina tIrthonI philmAnuM AyeAjana tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAreAhanI samitie karyu hatuM. te AyeAjana mATe zrI caMdrakAnta pI. dozIne sahakAra maLyA hatA. jaina sAhitya tA. 21 mI Disembare savAre ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha madira

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha (zAhapora) tathA jainAnaMda pustakAlaya ane jJAnamaMdira (pIpurA)nI mulAkAta bAda "samRddhi(nAnaparA)mAM samArehanI trIjI beThaka zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAnA adhyakSapade maLI hatI. parisaMvAdane viSaya hatA jaina sAhitya." AraMbhamAM zrI cImanalAla ema. zAhe ("kalAdhara) jaina darzanamAM svAduvAdI vize tathA pro. kumArI u5lA modIe "Izvara vize jaina darzana" e vize potAnA nibaMdhe vAMcyA hatA. pra. u5lA medIe vedAMta, zAMkara ane pAtaMjala darzanano IzvaranA saMdarbhamAM saMkSepamAM ullekha karyA pachI jaina darzana IzvarasaMdarbhe anya sarva darzanethI kaI rIte juduM paDe che te vistArathI kahyuM hatuM temanA vaktavyano sAra e hato ke A jagata e IzvaranI racanA nathI. IzvaramAM je guNonuM AropaNa thAya che te guNe paNa taka AgaLa TakI zaktA nathI. zAMkara mata paNa TakI zake evo nathI. jagatanI vyavasthA calAvavA mATe eka ke aneka IzvaranA astitvanI jarUra nathI. vaktAe Izvara saMbaMdhamAM jainazAstranA siddhAMtone dhyAnArha lekhAvyA hatA. temaNe kahyuM hatuM : "jaina darzana pramANe mukta jIva e ja Izvara che. tIrthakara sAkSAta bhagavAna athavA pratyakSa Izvara che." jaina sAhityanI viziSTatAo zrI agaracaMda nAhaTAe potAnA adhyakSIya vyAkhyAnamAM kahyuM hatuM : "chellAM bAvana varSathI jaina sAhityanA samudranuM maMthana karato Avyo chuM. tema karatAM mane pratIta kyuM che, ke jaina sAhitya atyaMta vizALa che ane vaividhyapUrNa che. jaina sAhitya vize lokonI jANakArI ghaNuM ochI che. jaina dharmanI jaina sAhitya upara pragADha asara che. jaina sAhityane AraMbha jaina tIrthakaronI vANuthI thayo che. tIrthakaroe potAnI vANune pracAra leAkabhASAmAM karyo hato ane tethI jena sAhitya e lekamegya sAhitya che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane

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pa0 jaina sAhitya samAroha apabhraMzamAM lakhAyeluM jaina sAhitya jIvaMta sAhitya che. tenAmAM prajAne preraNA ApavAnI zakti che. te saMtasAhityanuM nirmANa che ane tethI manuSyane jIvananuM utthAna karavAnuM temAM sAmarthya che. . jaina sAhityanI vizeSatA tenI kathAo, kahevato ane mahAvarAomAM varatAya che. aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to pahelAM kyAsAhitya ane pachI atihAsika sAhitya pragaTa thayuM." kaNa kaNa AcAryo thaI gayA ane te darekanuM zuM zuM arpaNa che te sarva saMkSepamAM kahyA pachI zrI agaracaMda nAhaTAe jaina sAhityanI je aneka viziSTatAo che te keTalAka graMthenA dAkhalA ApIne darzAvI hatI. zrI nAhaTAe suratamAM jaina sAhitya vipula pramANamAM levAnuM jaNAvIne tene saMzodhanAthe upayoga karavAno anurodha karyo hate. karavA jevAM keTalAMka kAma zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAnA vyAkhyAna pachI zrI ratilAla dIpacaMda desAIe (amadAvAda) jaina sAhityanA adhyayana ane saMzodhana mATe karavA jevAM keTalAMka kAma sUcavyAM hatAM. jema ke, temaNe kahyuM : zrI mehanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe taiyAra karelo mAhitIsabhara jaina sAhityane sa kSipta itihAsa, je hAla anupalabdha che te jarUrI sudhArAvadhArA sAthe athavA mULa rUpe pharI chapAvavuM joIe. te ja pramANe jaina gurjara kavio'nA cAra khaMDamAM traNa khaDAnuM punarmudraNa thavuM joIe. purAtattvAcArya zrI jinavijayajIe sa khyAbaMdha graMthamAM saMpAdakIya nivedane tathA prastAvanArUpa karelAM lakhANe. tema temanA svataMtra lekha graMthastha karavAM ghaTe. videzamAM jaina vidyAnA adhyayana-saMzodhana aMge thayelA kAmanI tathA ApaNA dezamAM vidvAnoe A dizAmAM karelA kAmanI mAhitI graMthastha karavI joIe. prAkRta bhASAne abhyAsa zramaNa vargamAM ghaTI rahyo che. prAkRta tathA ardhamAgadhI bhASAne abhyAsa AgaLa vadhe te mATe kazIka vyavasthA

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51 tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha thavI joIe. lahiyAe have ochA thatA jAya che te vadhu ne vadhu saMkhyAmAM taiyAra karavA joIe. tema nahIM thAya te prAcIna hastaprato emanI ema paDI raheze. kuSmApuracariyamUH eka abhyAsa prA. aruNabhAI jozI(bhAvanagara)e "kumbhApucariyamaH eka abhyAsa e zIrSaka heThaLa pitAne nibaMdha vAMcyo hato. manovAMchita vastunI prApti arthe bhAva e ciMtAmaNiratana samAna che e vAta anaMtasaracita "siri kummApukhtacariyamamAM eka sarasa thA dvArA kahevAI che. tene tattvArtha e che ke sAdhu thayA vagara, gRhavAsamAM vasatAM vasatAM paNa bhAva thakI kevalI thaI zakAya che. vaktAe e AkhI kathA atyaMta saMkSepamAM kahI hatI. kummApura eka paurANika kathAnuM pAtra che. bhAvanuM mahattva samajAvavAnuM kathAnuM lakSya kavie keTalAMka suMdara paDyo. tathA jIvanopayogI suMdara daSTa temaja keTalAMka subhASito dvArA siddha karyuM che. kAvyanI bhASA mahArASTranI prAkRta tathA zolI nirADaMbarA che. upadezamAlA ane sAMskRtika mUlyAdha - prA. amRta upAdhyAye (pATaNa) "upadezamAlA ane sAMskRtika mUlyadhaH "vinaya'nA saMpratyaya' e zIrSaka heThaLa vAMcelA nibaMdhamAM AraMbhamAM bhAratIya saMskRtinAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNonI carcA karI hatI. temaNe tAravyuM hatuM ke AcAra e dharma ane saMskRtinuM mULa che. jena paraMparAmAM samyaka darzana, samyapha jJAna ane samyaka cAritrya e ratnatraya samagra mAnavajIvanane marma raju kare che ? samyaka darzana, samyaka jJAna ane samyapha cAritrya e samyapha dharmane mUrta kare che, je samyaka jIvanane zakya banAve che. arthAta samyapha -dhRvana mATe samyapha dharma anivArya che ane e dharmane pAye che vinaya. upadezamAlAmAM nirUpAyelA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtinA Slapha

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para jaina sAhitya samAya pAyAnA saMpratyayAmAM viyana saMpratyaya agragaNya che. A sa kahyA pachI vaktAe guru pratyenA ziSyanA vinayanuM mAhAtmya vistArathI samajAvyuM hatuM. vinayatA judA judA aneka saMdarbhamAM vicAra karyA. pachI vaktAe ema tAravyuM hatuM ke vinaya e cAritryane, saMskAranA,. jJAnane, satyanA ane dharmane pAyA che. 'upadezamAlA' e graMtha saMzAdhanasAmagronI daSTie teoMdhapAtra pustaka che. AtmacegInI uttarayAtrA Do. kumArapALa desAIe (amadAvAda) 'AmayeAgInI uttarayAtrA e zIka heThaLanA potAnA nibadhamAM cAunaSTha AcAya buddhisAgarajInI rAjanIzInA savistara khyAla ApyA hatA. AcAya ahiMsAgarajIe 24 varSe sAdhujIvana gujAryuM. temaNe 108 graMthA lakhyA che, jemAM 25 tattvajJAnanA, 24 kavitAnA ane 22 saMskRta mathA che. temanI kavitA hiMdu, jaina tathA muslima paNa vAMcI zake evI che. AcAya buddhisAgarajInI rAjanIzI e kama yAgI, dhayogI ane jJAnayegInI DAyarI che. emAM zrI kezava ha da dhruva vize eka apragaTa kAvya che. eka kAvya smazAna vize paNa che. te 28 kaDInuM che. rAjanIzInI viziSTatA tenA lakhanAra buddhisAgarajInI prAmANikatA, aitihAsika daSTi ane AtmasamAdhinI zeAdha che H erejanIzIne vaktAe buddhisAgacchanA AdhyAtmika pravAsanI jhAMkhI karAvanAra. tarIke oLakhAvI hatI. upamitibhavaprapa ca zrImatI sumanabahena zAhe (muMbaI) 'upamitibhavaprapa ca-tenAM srIpAtrA' e zIrSaka heThaLa vAMcelA nibadhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM, ke upamittibhavaprapa'ca' e kathAnA lekhaka zrI siddhaSi che. temane samaya I. sa. 906 nA che. temAM dasamI sadInA samAnuM darzana C

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha ma che. te sAthe te samayanA rAja ane rAjanItinuM citraNa paNa che. A uparAMta sAmAjika nItiniyame, samAjamAM strI-puruSanuM sthAna tathA samAjanA judA judA staranA mAnavIonA mAnasanuM darzana paNa emAM maLe che. vaktAe "upamitibhavaprapaMca" eka rUpakathA hovAnuM jaNAvIne temAMnI ATha vArtAomAMnAM strIpAtronI carcA karI hatI. temaNe tAravI ApyuM, ke dasamI sadImAM paNa AjanI jema strInAM aneka rUpa hatAM, ane samAjamAM tenuM anekavidha sthAna hatuM. eka hajAra varSathI paNa samAjamAM strI khAsa AgaLa vadhI nathI. harSakujararacita rAvaNa pArzvanAtha phAga - De. ramaNalAla cI. zAha (muMbaI) harSa kuMjararacita "rAvaNa pArzvanAtha phAga"--eka apragaTa phAgukAvyane sparzata nibaMdha vAMcyuM hato. rAvaNa pArzvanAtha e Do. ramaNalAlanA jaNAvavA pramANe rAjazAnamAM alavara zaherathI cAreka mAIla dUra eka pahADI nIce AveluM prAcIna tIrtha che. A tIrtha sAthe rAvaNanuM nAma kaI rIte saMkaLAyuM, te kathA rAvaNanI rANI satI mA dedarInA zIlanA prabhAvanI sAthe saMkaLAyelI che. prastuta phAga cAra cAra paMktinI eka evI ekavIsa kaDInI racanA che. temAM Rtu vasaMtanuM Alekhana thayuM hevAthI racanA "phAgu' nAme oLakhAI che. DaoN. ramaNabhAIe racanAnuM rasadarzana karAvI, kAvyatattvanI daSTie temAM prasannacaMdrasUrinI A viSayanI phAgu kRti karatAM savizeSa camatkRti jovA maLe che ema tAravyuM hatuM. gAramaMjarImAMnI prahelikAo che. bhUpendra bAlakRSNa trivedI(muMbaI)e kavi jayavaMtarikRta ""zRMgAramaMjarI mAMnI prahelikAo" e vizenA nibaMdhamAM, prathama prahelikA (ukhANuM) vastutaH zuM che, tenAM zAM zAM projana

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54 jaina sAhitya samArAha che ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM sAhityanA eka prakAra tarIke prahelikAnuM kevuM tedhapAtra sthAna che te kahyuM hatuM. prahelikA eTale gAchI - vineda, paraMtu sAhityamAM e sthAna pAme tyAre te hetulakSI heAvAnuM jaNAya che ema kahI vaktAe tenA vividha hetuonA khyAla ApyA hatA ane 'zagArama'jarI ' mAM kavi jayavaMtasUrie peAtAnA nAyaka ajita ane nAyikA zIlavatI vacce praznottararUpe ja esI uparAMta prahelikAe yeAjI che te tenA anukramamAM tapAsI hatI. prahelikAe keTalI badhI jAtinI che ane te pratyekamAM zI camatkRti che jethI te hugha lAge che te prA. bhUpendrabhAIe keTalIka prahelikAone artha darzAvI, tenI artha camatkRti pratye dhyAna khecyuM che, gujarAtI sAhityanA kAza zrI jayanta kAThArIe (amadAvAda) gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadane Azraye peDI gujarAtI sAhityane kAza taiyAra karavAnA hAtha dharelA kAryanI vAta karatAM kAzanI rUparekhAne saMkSepamAM khyAla ApyA hatA ane te aMge thayelA kAmanI mAhitI ApI hatI. temanA jaNAvavA pramANe kAzanA prathama graMthamAM sana 1850 sudhInA lekhakAne te pratyekanI kRtinA nirdeza sAthe sthAna ApanAra che ane traNa hajAra uparAMta lekhakAnAM kA taiyAra thayAM che, jemAM sATha TakA jaina che ane cALIsa TakA jainetara che. temaNe jyAMjyAMthI sahAya maLe tyAMthI te meLavavAnI peAtAnI icchA vyakta karI je potAnA kArya mAM ApI zake te harAI vyakti sahAyabhUta thAya evI apekSA vyakta karI hatI. upasa'hAra prA. baLavaMtabhAI jAnIe hemacandrAcAyanuM sAhitya ' e vizenA nibadha saMkSepamAM rajU karyAM bAda zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe

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tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha papa upasaMhAra karatAM sAhityakezanI janAne AvakArI hatI. temAM jaina gurjara kavionI pUrti karavAnuM temaNe sUcavyuM hatuM. temaNe jana sAhityane itihAsa navesarathI racavAnuM sUcavI suratanA jJAnabhaMDAromAMnA vipula graMtharAzi ane hastalikhita pratano saMzodhanAthe upayoga karavAnuM tathA koI sthAyI kAma thavuM joIe evo abhilASa darzAvyo hato. AbhAradarzana te divase sAMje "samRddhimAM yojAyelA milana samAraMbhamAM prA. tArAbahena zAhe prAsaMgika vaktavya rajU karatAM zatrujya vihAra dharmazALA vize prazaMsAvacana uccAryA hatA. De. dhanavanta zAhe TrasTI maMDaLano AbhAra mAnyo hato. DaeN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe vidvAnonA pratinidhi tarIke kRtajJatAbhAva dAkhavyo hato. De ramaNalAla zAhe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ane enA sAhitya mAreha vatI AbhAra mAnyo hato. zrI jagadIzabhAI tathA zrI bAbubhAIe TrasTa vatI AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karI hatI. caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha mATe sonagaDha mahAvIra jaina cAritraya kalyANa ratnAzrama taraphathI nimaMtraNa apAyuM hovAnI jAherAta thaI hatI. tyArabAda samArohanI vidhisara pUrNAhuti thaI hatI. A tRtIya jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrIo tarIke Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, zrI amara jarIvAlA, zrI kAntilAla DAhyAbhAI kerA, zrI pannAlAla 2. zAha ane zrI naTavaralAla esa. zAhe sevA ApI hatI.

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caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha ahevAlaH pannAlAla 2. zAha sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM suvarNapurInA thayelA AlekhananI kalpanAnAM mULa jyAM paDyAM hovAnuM manAya che ane rASTrapitA pU. gAMdhIjI, mahAkavi nAnAlAla, prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI, 5. becaradAsa, pU. kAkAsAheba kAlelakara, paM, lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, munizrI saMtabAla, mahAdevabhAI desAI, narahari parIkha, rASTrIya zAyara jhaveracaMda meghANI, ramaNalAla va. desAI, suMdarama, jayabhikhu ane rASTrIya saMta DhebarabhAI AdinAM pAvana pagalAMthI ke jJAnopAsanAthI punita thayelI sonagaDhanI dharatI aneka dRSTie mahimAvaMta che. pU. kAnajI svAmInI AdhyAtrimaka beja ane pU. cAritravijayajI ane pU. ka9yANuvijayajI mahArAjanI keLavaNuM ane saMskAranuM navI peDhImAM siMcana karavAnI khevanAnuM jyAM parimArjana thayuM che, evI senagaDhanI dharatInA kheALe tA. 1 ane 2, jAnyuArI, 1983nA roja caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha yejA hato. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaIne pitAnI saMsthAnA hIraka mahotsava nimitte zrI mahAvIra jaina cAritra ka9yANa ratnAzramanA vyavasthApakoe caturtha jaina sAhitya samAreha senagaDha khAte yojavAnuM, tenI javAbadArI vahana karavAnI taiyArI sAthe, nimaMtraNa ApyuM ane pariNAme baMne saMsthAonA saMyukta upakrame A samAroha senagaDha (saurASTra) khAte yojAye. A samArohanA pramukhasthAne hatA jaina dharmanA bahuzruta vidvAna zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA.

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caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha uddaghATana mATe vinaMtI ane abhivAdana zrI dAmajIbhAI bhedAe samArohanuM uddaghATana karavAnI vinaMtI karatAM zrI zreNikabhAI kasturabhAI lAlabhAIe dIpa pragaTAvI samArohanuM uddaghATana karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda pramukhazrI ane atithivizeSa temaja jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrIonuM caMdanahArathI abhivAdana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mAnavajAta mATenI saMjIvanI paramapUjya AcArya zrI vijayayadevasUri nAdurasta tabiyatane kAraNe hAjara na rahI zakavAthI emaNe mekalelA saMdezAnuM vAMcana De. kumArapALa desAIe karyuM hatuM. pU. AcArya zrI vijayayadevasUrie lakhyuM hatuM : "sAhitya e mAnavajAta mATenI saMjIvanI che; jIvananuM parama amRta ane tRti che. je tamane tamArA jIvanamAM sukha, zAMti, saMtoSa ane AnaMdano khapa heya te samyapha jJAnanI maMdAkinImAM satata snAna karI nirmaLa ane pAvana thatA rahe. sata sAhitya e jJAna che. jJAna e adbhuta prakAza che. e samagra jIvanane sarvAgI rIte ajavALe evo A prakAza mAnavajIvana sivAya kayAMya kyAreya maLe tema nathI. mATe A prakAzanuM hRdayathI svAgata kare." jaina sAhitya samArohanI bhUmikA jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrI Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe samArohanA uddaghATaka temaja samArohanA ane vibhAgIya beThakenA prasukhazrIne paricatha ApyA bAda jaina sAhitya samArehanI bhUmikA samajAvatAM kahyuM : "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ucca zikSaNanI saMsthA che. e sAthe sAhitya ane Agama prakAzananI pravRtti paNa kare che. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanAM prakAzano paikI AcArya zrI vijayavalabhasUri mAraka graMtha, rakta ane suvarNa mahotsava graMthamAM

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- 58 jaina sAhitya samAroha graMthastha thayelA saMzodhanalekhe amUlya che. saMsthAnA hIraka mahetsava nimitte jaina sAhitya, tattvajJAna, kalA, ItihAsa, sthApatya, zilpa, patrakAratva Adi vividha pAsAonuM niyamita parimArjana-parizIlana thAya evI pravRtti hAtha dharavAnuM meM sUcana karyuM ane zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye I. sa. 1977mAM muMbaI khAte prathama jaina sAhitya samArohanuM Ayojana karyuM. tyArabAda dvitIya ane tRtIya jaina sAhitya samAroha anukrame mahuvA ane suratamAM yojAyA hatA. Aje zrI mahAvIra jaina cAritra kayANa ratnAzramanA hIraka mahotsavanI zubha zarUAta A saMsthAnA nimaMtraNathI caturtha jaina sAhitya samArohathI. thAya che e AnaMdanI vAta che." saMkucitatA ane sAMpradAyika abhinivezathI para De. ramaNabhAIe jaina sAhityanuM parizIlana kaI sAMpradAyika abhinivezathI ke saMkucitatAthI nathI thatuM evI spaSTatA karatAM kahyuM : "jainomAM jAti, liMga ane varNa bheda nathI. jenonA badhAya tIrtha karo kSatriyo hatA. gautamasvAmI gaNadhara, svayaMbhUsari, siddhasena divAkara, AcArya haribhadrasUri Adi brAhmaNa hatA. metAraja muni zadra varNanA hatA. vartamAna paraMparAmAM A AzramanA sthApaka pU. zrI cAritravijayajI mahArAja buMdelakhaMDanA brAhmaNa hatA. mahArAja kumArapALa pote kSatriya hatA ane jaina dharma svIkAryA bAda emaNe ghaNuM pravRttio karI. eka vakhata kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryane mahArAjA kumArapALe pUchayuM: "paramArhat kahevAuM ke nahi ?" enA pratyuttaramAM hemacaMdrAcAye kahyuM : "tame zrAvaka kharA, paraMtu mahAzrAvakanI keTie haju pahoMcyA nathI. tamArI pravRttinuM phalaka jeno pUratuM maryAdita che. tamArI anukaMpa: samagra mAnavajAta ane prANumAtra tarapha vaLaze tyAre tame paramArvatanI kaTie paheAMcaze. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke mahArAjA kumArapALanI pravRttio jaina-jainetara samAja ane prANImAtra tarapha

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59 caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha vistarI hatI ane emaNe paramAtu nuM biruda sArthaka karyuM hatuM. vastupALa ane tejapALe paNa muslimone mATe majida baMdhAvI hatI, e paNa ApaNe jANIe chIe. ItihAsanA pariprekSyamAM A rIte joIe to jainAne abhigama sAMpradAyika abhiniveza ane saMkucitatAthI para che." jaina sAhitya samArehanI paNa AvI ja bhUmikA. che, ema emaNe umeryuM hatuM. jaina sAhityanA vikAsane yuga jaina sAhitya samArohanuM uddaghATana karatAM zrI zreNikabhAIe kahyuM: "helAM so-savAso varSomAM, emAMya khAsa karIne svAtaMtryottara, kALamAM saMzodhana-prakAzanakSetre thayelI kAmagIrIne jaina sAhityanA vikAsa yuga tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya. ApaNuM surakSita jJAnabhaMDArAnA. kAraNe e badhuM thaI zakayuM che. jaina sAhityanuM je prakAzana thayuM che ane jJAnabhaMDAromAM bhAratIya vidyA ane saMskRtinA je amudrita. graMthe jaLavAyA che enuM mUlya ApaNe mana ghaNuM moTuM che ane bhAratIya vidyAnuM avibhAjya aMga che; enA adhyayana vinA bhAratIya, vidyAnuM adhyayana adhUruM rahe che. vaLI e hakIkata ApaNane gaurava. apAve evI che ke pIeca. DI. ke. DI. liTa.ne ucca abhyAsanA mahAnibaMdha mATe jaina sAhityane jainetara vidyAthIo paNa pasaMda. kare che ane te paNa sArI saMkhyAmAM. A badhuM chatAM eka duHkhada. bine e paNa che ke bhAratIya vidyAnA adayana mATe jema saMkhyA ochI thatI jAya che tema jaina sAhityanA saMzodhana, abhyAsa ane adhyApana mATe paNa uttarottara saMkhyA ghaTatI jAya che. pariNAme vizvavidyAlayanI jaina cera mATe adhyApaka varga meLavavAnuM kAma kaparuM, banatuM jAya che."

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jaina sAhitya samAroha -bALakanA dhArmika zikSaNa aMge vicAraNA ' bhAvanagara yunivarsiTInA kapalapati, atithivizeSa zrI -indubhAI dhruve kahyuM: "bhAvanagaramAM jaina darzananA abhyAsanI suvidhAo ane yogya vAtAvaraNa che. bhAvanagaranI zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA ane zrI yazovijayajI jema graMthamALA Adi saMsthA pAse amUlya hastaprata che ane saMzodhanadaSTi sAthe e saMsthAoe jenA sAhityanuM prakAzana paNa karyuM che. bhAvanagaramAM yunivarsiTInI sthApanA mATenI bhUcikAmAM A paNa eka bhUmikA che. paraMtu Aje bALakamAM dhArmika zikSaNa ane temanA UbhI thAya, e tarapha abhiruci thAya, evI vyavasthA vicAravA joIe." saMzAdhanapravRttine vega ApavAnI jarUra - atithivizeSa zrI je. Ara. zAha nAdurasta tabiyatanA kAraNe upasthita rahI zakyA nahotA. emanA saMdezAmAM emaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayana jaina sAhitya samArohanuM Ayojana pAchaLa sAhityika dRSTike che. kyAMya saMpradAyanA pracAra ke prasAranuM daSTibiMdu nathI. jenA darzana atyaMta vyApaka ane samanvayazIla che. agAunA traNeya jaina sAhitya samArohamAM vidvAnoe raju karela nibaMdho tenuM samarthana kare che. jaina sAhityanI samRddhi akhUTa ane amUlya che. temAM saMzodhanane mATe vipula sAmagrI maLe che je bhAratIya - sAhitya ane saMskRtine samRddha kare tema che. AvA sAhitya samAroDathI prerAIne jJAnabhaMDAranI aDhaLaka sAmagrIne upaga saMpAdana-saMzodhana pravRttine vega ApavAmAM thaze te jaina sAhitya samArehanI yathArthatA puravAra thaze." paMcama jana sAhitya samAroha mATe nimaMtraNa zrI akhila bhArata acalagacacha (vidhi pakSa) zvetAmbara jaina saMgha

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caturtha jene sAhitya samAroha sana ApyuM ke AmAM e vuM hatuM. je have taraphathI paMcama sAhitya samAroha kacchamAM javA aMgenuM nimaMtraNa saMsthA vatI zrI vasanajI lakhamazI zAhe kahyuM hatuM. zrI nAnAlAla vasAe nimaMtraNapatranuM paThana karyuM hatuM. taduparAMta zrI khaMbhAta tAlukA. sArvajanika keLavaNI maMDaLa taraphathI khaMbhAtamAM paMcama jaina sAhitya. samAroha yojavAnuM zrI naTavaralAla esa. zAhe jAte hAjara rahIne. nimaMtraNa ApyuM hatuM. zrI zazIkAntabhAI mahetAe pUjya jaMbuvijayajI mahArAjanI nizrAmAM zaMkhezvara khAte AgAmI jaina sAhitya samAroha yojavAnuM nimaMtraNa maMtrIone pAThavyuM hatuM. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI vyavasthApaka samiti A nimaMtraNe aMge have pachI nirNaya leze evuM jAhera karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. lupta thate jaina dharmano marma caturtha jaina sAhitya samArohanA pramukha jaina sAhityanA bahuzrutaH vidvAna zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe zastava stuti bAda khUba ja namratApUrvaka jaNAvyuM ke "mAruM zikSaNa pAMca dhoraNa sudhInuM ja che. sAhityaruci, emAM tanmayatA ane e aMgenI sahaja bhAvanAthI meM A nimaMtraNa svIkAryuM che. jaina sAhitya ane kalA mATe mAruM jIvana. che. mArI pAse 65,000 hastaprato ane 40,000 pustake che. mArA mahimA mATe huM A vAta nathI karato. paraMtu ene abhyAsa ane saMzodhana parathI mane ema lAgyuM che ke jaina dharmane marma lupta thatuM jAya che. jaina saMrakAranI jALavaNuM e vartamAna samayanI mukhya ane mahatvanI samasyA che. vizvavidyAlayamAM jaina sAhitya, kalA, sthApatya, zipa Adi vidyAzAkhA mATe dAna to maLaze ja. paraMtu. vizvavidyAlaya mATe yogya vidvAno maLatA nathI e prazna kendrasthAne che." pramukhazrInAM sUcane prati be varSe yojAtA jaina sAhitya samArehanA badale pramukhazrI nidAna zrI agama ago

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. jaina sAhitya samArAha ' agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe prativaSa" AvA jaina sAhitya samArAha yAjavAnuM sUcana karatAM jaNAvyuM, * jaina saMskAranI dRzya-zrAvya slAIDjha ka dastAvejI philma utAravAnI dizAmAM paNa gabhIraNe vicAravuM joIe. AgaLa upara zuM kAma karavuM che e aMge spaSTa darzIna hevuM jarUrI che, ane vyApaka va sudhI jaina sAhitya prema paheAMcADI zakAya enI * khevanA ane dRSTi rAkhIne kAma hAtha dharavAnI jarUra che." pramuzrIkhanA vaktavya sAthe udghATana beThaka samApta thaI hatI. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI ane zrI mahAvIra jaina cAritra ratnAzrama, seAnagaDhanA saMyukta upakrame yAAyela caturtha jaina sAhitya samAre|hamAM (1) jaina tattvajJAna, (2) jaina itihAsa-purAtattva, sthApatba-zilpa-kalA ane patrakAratva tathA (3) sAhitya aMgenI vibhAgIya kheDakA anukrame zrI agaracaMdrajI nAhaTA, haiM|. mica"cha jaina ane DaeN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhanA pramukhasthAne yeAjavAmAM mAvI hatI. japa-sAdhanA zrI zazIkAnta mahetAe '4pa-sAdhanA' vizenA zeAdhanibadhamAM namaskAra mahAmaMtrane cauda pUnA, samagra jJAnanA sArarUpa oLakhAvI "prAcIneAnA vAgyAga', madhyakAlIna 'surata-zabda yAga' ane arvAcInenA zabdabrahma'nI upAsanAnI jha,khI karAvI hatI. jagatasarjananA ArAhunA krama mujaba parAmAMthI pazyantI, pazyantImAMthI madhyamAM ane madhyamAmAMthI vaikharImAM javAne krama che. japa-sAdhanAmAM e krama UlaTA che ema jaNAvI emaNe moMtrarahasyanA traNa pAda - sameAdhana, vizeSaNu ane dravaNanI samaja ApI hatI, bindumAMthI zarU thatAM ArahaNanI kramika bhUmikA ane sAkSaramAMthI svAkSara thavAnI prakriyA samajAvIne prathama japa, bAdamAM rucijapa ane aMte ajapA jApanI

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caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha sthiti thatAM sadA sarvatra, iSTanuM smaraNa ane sAtatya maLe che, e emaNe vigate samajAvyuM hatuM. sadInuM saravaiyuM : videzI vidvAnonuM pradAna Do. kumArapALa desAIe chellA saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio vize bolatAM Do. harmana jekebIe I. sa. 1884mAM karelA AcArAMgasutra ane kalpasUtranA aMgrejI anuvAda, "jena sUtronI prastAvanAmAM emaNe jaina dharma e bauddha dharmanI zAkhA nathI, paraMtu svataMtra darzana che evA pratipAdana sAthe prA. lArsananI dalIlenuM kareluM khaMDana ane bhramanirasana pachInA samayagALAmAM mahatvanuM banI rahyAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. jaina Agama ane jaina sAhityanA saMzodhananI dizAmAM temaja bhASA, sthApatya-zilpa, itihAsa -purAtattva ane jaina kalAnA kSetramAM De. eca. eca. vilsana, De. vebara, prA. leyamAna, De. buhalara, De. vornara, sTIvansana, De. ela. pI. sIrI, rAITa, pITarsana, pharavu. sana, De. basa, Adi videzI vidyAnuM pradAna sImAcihnarUpa hevAnuM jaNAvIne, De. vornare "upAsakadazAMgasUtra'nA karelA saMzodhana ane anuvAdane graMtha emaNe pUjya AtmArAmajI mahArAjane svaracita saMskRta padyaracanA dvArA apaNa karyAno ullekha karyo hato. mahattvanI ghaTanAo mahuvAnA zrI vIracaMda rAdhavajI gAMdhIe I. sa. 1893 mAM cikAgomAM maLelI vizvadharma pariSadamAM svAmI vivekAnaMdanI sAthe jaina dharmanA pratinidhi tarIke bajAvelI kAmagIrI ane yuropa, amerikA temaja igleMDa Adi dezomAM jaina dharmanA karelA pracAranI jhAMkhI karAvIne, De. kumArapALe zAstravizArada jainAcArya zrI vijayadharma sari ane AgamahAraka AcArya zrI vijayasAgarAnaMdasUrinA virATa kAryane Acho khyAla Apyo hate. tavadarzananA kSetre paM. sukhalAlajI,

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jaina sAhitya samAroha prAcIna bhASA ane Agama graMthonA saMpAdana-saMzodhanamAM paramapUjya. zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja, paM. beyarasTAsa ane prAkRta bhASAnA kSetramAM paM. haragoviMdadAsanA pradAnane mahatvanuM gaNAvyuM hatuM. zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAIkRta "jaina gurjara kavio' ane jaina sAhityane saMkSipta ItihAsa' dvArA A kSetranI dizA vistArI hevAnuM jaNAvIne zrImad rAjacaMdra ane pU. kAnajIsvAmInI sAdhanA, temaja terApaMthanAM thayelAM rUpAMtarane emaNe A sadInI mahatvanI ghaTanA gaNAvI hatI. astitvamAM AvelAM navAM tIrthonI yAdI ApIne bhagavAna mahAvIranI 25mI nirvANa zatAbdI, zravaNabelagolA khAte gamaTezvara bAhubalInI pratimAne mahAmatiSThAbhiSeka ane digambara AAyanI saMsthA svIkAd mahAvidyAlayanI mahattvapUrNa kAmagIrInI teoe vizada chaNAvaTa karI hatI. kAleka ane kALagaNanA - rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapuranA esesiyeTa prAdhyApaka De. narendra bhAnAvate "naina na hi aiaura #lii majadhAra " e viSaya para rajU karelA abhyAsalekhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, jaina darzana vizvane anAdi-anaMta mAne che. bhagavatIsUtra(sUtra 5-9-225)mAM vizva mATe "loka" zabdano prayoga thayo che ema jaNAvIne je dekhAya. che te "leka evI vyAkhyA ApI hatI. dizAnI vAta karatAM emaNe lakAkAza ane alakAkAzano bheda samajAvIne AkAza kavyadRSTie akhaMDa, kSetranI dRSTie anaMta ane asama, kALanI apekSAe. anAdi-anaMta ane svarUpane dRSTie amUrta hevAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. - kALanI sUkSmatAtisUma gaNatarI aMge De, bhAnAvate (1) avi. bhAjya kALa-eka sekanDanA 5,700 mA bhAgathI paNa a85thI laIne ceryAzI lAkha pUrvAga (caryAzI lAkha varSa = eka pUrvAga) sudhInI kALagaNanAne khyAla ApyA hatA. jaina darzanamAM utsarpiNuM

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caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha ane avasarpiNa kALanA cha-cha ArA hovAnuM jaNAvIne, teoe jaina gaNitanAM A pAsAMnI vigate carcA karI latI. brahmacaryasAdhanA : niyama ane vivekapradhAna zailI - brahmacaryasAdhanAnI jaina zailI' vize rajUAta karatAM prA. malukacaMda zAhe jaina darzanamAM brahmacarya sAdhanAnI niyama ane vivekapradhAna zailInI vizada chaNAvaTa karI hatI. vikAra thAya evAM sthAnethI ke tarothI dUra rahevAmAM nivRttidharmanI niyamapradhAna zelI brahmacaryanI nava vADa dvArA vigate samajAvI hatI; jyAre pralobhanothI dUra rahevAne badale pralobhanonI vacce rahIne AtmavizvAsapUrvaka evA kasoTImAMthI pAra pADavAnI bAbatane emaNe brahmacaryasAdhanAnI vivekapradhAna zailI tarIke oLakhAvI hatI. A aMge emaNe yU labhadra, vijaya zeTha ane vijayA zeThANuM, vartamAna samayamAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjI ane kasturabA temaja lekanAyaka jyaprakAza nArAyaNa ane zrImatI prabhAvatIbena nArAyaNanAM dRSTAMta ApyAM hatAM. bIjA ghanibaMdho Ethical and Spiritual Aspects of Prashamrati : si. vAya. esa. zAstrI (amadAvAda), Some Aspects of Anekanivad De. yunegA (jApAna), jaina darzanamAM pratikramaNanI mahattA : prA. utpalAbena medI (muMbaI), sAmAyikaH DaeN. ramezabhAI lAlana (muMbaI), zramaNadarzana e ja jaina darzana: prA. nAnakabhAI kAmadAra (bhAvanagara), jana siddhAMta ane AcAra vicAranI asaMgatatA . sumanabena zAha ( ba). Spiritualism of Upadhyaya Yashovijay ? zrI nileSa dalAla (muMbaI, jaina darzanamAM yogavicAraH zrI jayendrabhAI zAha (muMbaI), anekAvAdaH zrI kIrtibhAI zAha (muMbaI) vagere zodhalekho rajU thayA hatA.

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jaina sAhitya samAroha zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe rajU thayelA nibaMdhenI mahattA svIkArIne jaina tatvajJAna ane khAsa karIne mega, e abhyAsa ke vidrattA karatAMya anubhUti ane anubhavane viSaya che, AlecanAne nahi ema jaNAvyuM hatuM. "saMsAra dAvAnala'nI stutithI mAMDaNa karIne emaNe 'vipazyanA sAdhana ane prekSAdhAna'nI zibiromAMnA svAnubhonI jhAMkhI karAvI tattvajJAnanI beThakanuM samApana karyuM hatuM. rAtanA sAta vAge zrI zailezabhAI mahAdevIAe muMbaIthI khAsa AvI mAnasarovara ane kailAsayAtrA daramiyAna lIdhela slAIDa batAvI yAtrAnubhava karAvyo hato, temaja AzramanA vidyArthIoe bhaktisaMgIta, dAMDiyA rAsa, vagereno kAryakrama rajU karyo hato. dvitIya beThaka: jaina itihAsa-patrakAratva ravivAra, tA. 2-1-1983nA roja savAranAM jaina tattvajJAna" aMgenI beThakanA bAkI rahelA nibaMdhanuM vAcana thayA bAda jaina ItihAsa-purAtatva, sthApatya-zipa, kalA ane patrakAratva' aMgenI vibhAgIya beThakane prAraMbha thayo hato. A prasaMge jaina patronA prathama aMkanAM mukhapRSThanuM pradarzana zrI guNavaMta zAhanA sahakArathI yojAyuM hatuM. vividha vidyAzAkhAonuM jaina darzanamAM ciMtana | zrI nAnAlAla vasAe "prAcIna jaina zAstromAM vijJAna ane vidyAone sparzate saMzodhanalekha rajU karatAM prAcIna jAgRtikALa, jaina dharmanI atihAsikatA, khagoLa, vAtAvaraNa, AkAre, dizAo, bhUgoLa, jaMtuzAstra, jIvajJAna, gaNita, paramANuvAda, padArthavijJAna, avakAza, komika reDIezana, manovijJAna, nATaya, saMgIta, nRtya, anya kalAo, sAmAjika vijJAna Adi vividha vidyAzAkhAo aMge Adhunika-vaitAnika abhigamanA saMdarbhamAM jaina darzanamAM thayela ciMtananI jhalaka ApI hatI, ane te aMgenuM pramANa judAM judAM sUtro

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caturthAM jaina sAhitya samArAha 67 ane trathAmAMthI leAkeA dvArA rajU karI jaina darzananI vaijJAnika vicAradhArAne emaNe mahimA karyAM hatA. jaina patrakAratvanI jhalaka zrI guNavaMta zAhe 'jaina patrakAratvaH eka jhalaka', A nibaMdhamAM jaina patrakAratvanI zarUAta I. sa. 1859 mAM thaI tyAravI bhASA ane prakAzanasthaLanA sauMdarbhamAM, pragaTa thatAM jaina sAmayikonI mAhitI sAthe sAmayikanA prakAzananI avadhi anusAra paNa pRthakkaraNa ApavA uparAMta emaNe jaita patrakAratvanA AdhArabhUta itihAsa mATenI sAmagrI pUrI pADI hatI. jaina patrakAratvanA vikAsanA tabakkA, bhItarI svarUpa, "dharyuM ane samAjajIvana para patrakAratva asara, evA vividha dRSTikrANuthI darzAvatI mAhitI rajU karI hatI. tRtIya beThaka : jaina sAhitya sageus ravivAre apeAranI ' jaina sAhitya sa`goSThi ane samApana ' agenI tRtIya beThakamAM (1) naina name. nArImAvanA : AcAryo DaoN. zAMtA bhANAvata (jayapura), (2) Economic History of India and Jain Community : zro TI. zInoDA (jApAna), (3) jaina praznakane pagale pagale : DaoN. bhAIlAla bAvIzI (pAlItANA) (4) jaina kRtilhAsa: zro gajasiMha rATheDa (jadmapura), (5) zrI jinAjJama ane jaina sAhitya : 5, kapurayada vAraiyA (pAlItANA), (6) neminAtha phAgu : eka paricaya : DaoN. kanubhAI zeTha (amadAvAda), (7) upAdhyAya yazovijayakRta samAdhizataka eka adhyayana : haiM. zekharayadra jaina (bhAmanagara), (8) jaina sAhitya : saMmAnanAmo che; naye kSitijJa DaoN. naimicadajI jaina (ndAra), (9) upAsakadazAMga sUtra - eka adhyayana : prA. aruNu joSI (bhAvanagara) ane (10) jaina gurjara sAhityanuM eka amUlya sauMdasAdhanaH prA. jayaMta kAThArI (amadAvAda) vagere suzAdhanalekhA rajU thayA hatA. : -

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8 jaina danamAM strInu` sthAna < " jaina varzanameM nArImAMvanA ' e viSaya paranI rajUAtamAM AcArya DaoN. zAMtA bhANAvate hindu ane bauddha dharmamAM strIenAM sthAna ane adhikAra AdinI tulanASTie jaina dharmamAM zI paristhiti che enA para sadRSTAMta prakAza pADayo hatA. jaina darzanamAM strIsanmAna ane samAnatAnI bhAvanA bhagavAna RSabhadevanA kALathI che. sau prathama kevaLa-jJAnanI prApti ane mekSagamana bhagavAna RSabhadevanAM mAtA marudevIe karyAnuM spaSTa karI, emanI putrIe brAhmI ane suMdarIne lipizA ane aMkagaNitanuM zikSaNa ApyAnA ullekha karyAM hatA. temaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM : bhagavAna mallinAtha egaNIsamA tI kara thayA e daSTie strInI paNa tIrthaMkara thavAnI kSamatA jaina dharma svIkArI che. temaja jaina darzane dAsIprathAne virodha karI strIsamAna ane samAnatAnI bhAvanA caritArtha karI che. " strInAM vividha svarUpeAmAM, jIvananI dannatimAM e kevA mahattvanA bhAga bhajave che e temaNe saSTAMta samanavyuM hatuM. jaina sAhitya samAreAha bhagavAna mahAvIranI vibhAvanA < 66 ujjaina sAhitya : saMmAvanA che naye kSitijJa' aMge DeA, temiya jI jaine kahyuM : bhagavAna mahAvIranAM samayamAM sauprathama jaina sAhitya janaabhimukha thayuM. e pahelAM e vidbhAgya hatuM. bhagavAna mahAvIre dharma, darzIna, nyAya Adi gahana vidyAzAkhAone janajIvana sAthe joDavAnA advitIya prayAsa kaye, ane dharmane paNa sAmAjika svarUpa ApyuM. vyakti, mukti ane strIsvAtaMtrya sAthe sAmAjika viSayamatAAne aMta lAvavAnuM emaNe mahAbhArata kAma karyuM. ethI samAjamAM aitihAsika krAMti thaI." dharmanuM punaH vyavasthApana ane yuktiyuktakaraNa tarapha vizeSa dhyAna bhagavAna mahAvIre khe'syuM ane saraLatAnuM

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caturthAM jaina sAhitya samArIha 69 samIkaraNa racIne saMpatti temaja sattA AdinuM dvitIya kakSAnuM yeAgya sthAna emaNe samajAvyuM hatuM. sarjanAtmaka sAhityanA prakAzananI jarUriyAta jaina sAhityanI saMbhavita navI kSitijo tarapha aMgulinirdeza karatAM emaNe kahyuM : " prakazita thatA jaina sAhityamAM Aje sarja katA keTalI che ane paraMparAgata keTaluM che e prazna vicAravA jevA che. mAtra zuddha jJAna aMgenuM sAhitya ApavAne badhye sarjanAtmaka sAhityanA prakAzanane vizeSa mahattva ApavAnI jarUra che. Aje prakAzita thatA jaina sAhityamAM 90 TakA sAhitya paraMparAgata ane sAracita ke prerita che; 8 TakA sAhitya vivAda ane parasparanA saMdha aMgenuM che ane mAtra 2 TakA sAhitya sarjanAtmaka sAhitya che. A krama ulaTAvavA joIe. prakAzita thanAra sAhitya aMge niya karanArI anubhavI ane niSpakSa samiti enuM mUlyAMkana kare tyArabAda ja jaina sAhityanuM prakAzana thAya evI vyavasthA thAya te hitAvaha che.' sAmAyika ane prakAzana: svataMtra sAmAjika svarUpa sarjanAtmaka sAhityanA vividha svarUpe! jevAM ke kAvya, nATaka, navalakathA, navalikA, nibA~dha, sAmayika, anuvAda, laghu kathA AdinA sarjana tarapha vaLavAnI jarUriyAta para bhAra mUkIne sAyika ane jaina patrAnuM svataMtra sAmAjika svarUpa nathI ema teoe jaNAvyuM hatuM. samIkSA, tAttvika ke nitAMta para`parAgata sAhitya samakAlIna nathI ane enI bhASAzailImAM pazu AI ullekhanIya parivartana nathI ema jaNuAvIne. nemIcaMdajI jaine jaNAvyuM hatuM ke vAMcaka varganI jAgRtinA abhAve samajadAra vAMcaka varga taiyAra thayA nathI. emaNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM ke " zailI ke bhASAvijJAnanI daSTie jaina sAhityanuM gahana mUlyAMkana thayuM nathI ane vidvanuM e tarapha lakSa gayuM nathI.

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jena sAhitya samAroha lekhakanI adhyayanavRttine khIlavavI joIe ane alaga alaga mahattva pUrNa lekhakanA vyakti-kezanA prakAzananuM kArya hAtha dharavuM joIe. A mATe AMdolana preraka mAnasane badale samUha mAnasanA vikAsa tarapha lakSa ApavuM joIe ane bALa sAhitya. kizora sAhitya, pAThakyapustaka Adi sAhityanA prakAzananI mahatvapUrNa dizAmAM kAma karavuM joIe." jaina gurjara sAhitya: amUlya saMdarbha sAdhana - prA. jayaMta koThArIe jaina gurjara sAhityanuM amUlya saMdarbha.. sAdhana'nA nibaMdhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada guja.. rAtI sAhityanA kezanuM kAma kare che. I. sa. 1850 sudhInI kRtio ane kartAomAM moTA bhAganI kRtio ane kartAe jaina che. e mATe ame "jaina gurjara kavio (traNa bhAgamAM)ne mukhya AdhAra lIdho che. zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe kareluM kAma pracaMDa ane adbhuta che. ekale hAthe AvuM mahAbhArata kAma thaI zake enI Aje kalpanA AvavI muzkela che." A kArya, sAmagrI ane paddhatinI daSTie ghaNuM mahatva che. ema jaNAvI prA. jayaMta koThArIe kahyuM: "vyavasAye vakIlAtanA dhaMdhAmAM vyasta evA emaNe vaijJAnika paddhatie kAma karyuM e sAme mAruM mastaka name che. Ama to e hastapratonI yAdI che. emAM kRtinA Arabha ane aMta, maMgalAcaraNa ane prazasti ApavAthI kRti samaya, guruparaMparA, kartA vagere aitihAsika bAbato nakkI karavAmAM saraLatA rahe che. A badhAMmAM agatyanI bAbata e che ke satata jAgRtithI emaNe navI mAhitI umerI che ane arthasaMghaTananA AdhAre satata sudhArA karyA che. taduparAMta emaNe je sUcio ApI che, evI sUcio Aja sudhI meM gujarAtI graMthamAM kyAMya joI nathI. 4001 pUchonA A graMthamAM 226 pRSTho sacinAM che. emAM kartAsaci, kRtisUci, vargIkRta suci, jema ke rAsAo, lokakathAo vagerenI saci,

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caturtha jaina sAhitya samAroha gadyakAronI alaga sUci ane hastaprata lipibaddha thayAnI sAlanA samAveza sAthe ApI che. sthAna ane rAjakartAonI paNuM sUci ApIne aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM evI kRtinI nirNAyakatAnA daravAjA emaNe kholI ApyA che. A uparAMta pUraka sAmagrI guru parAvaLIo, kathAnA ma kaSa, kakkAvAra anukramaNikA ane sucithI saMzodhakane mArga saraLa thayo che ane eTale virodhI purA na maLe to "jaina, gurjara kavio'nA A graMthane ame adhikRta gaNue chIe." jaina bhaDA : sAcavaNInI viziSTa paripATI - jaina sAhityanI A vibhAgIya beThakanA saMcAlaka De. ramaNabhAI e samApana karatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke jaina dharmamAM sAhityakRti lakhAya e jJAna che. tenI AzAtanA na thAya eTale kALajIpUrvaka sAcavaNInI eka viziSTa paripATI UbhI thaI. enA pariNAme graMthabhaMDAro UbhA thayA ane e bhaMDAra sArvajanika thayA, jemAM mAtra jainonI kRtio sacavAI che evuM nathI. AvA bhaMDAromAM vIsa lAkhavo paNa vadhu jaina-jainetara hastaprata atyAre maLe che. emAM keTalIya hastaprate amUla ane bhAgye ja maLe evI alabhya che. udyotanasUrikRta kuvalayamAlA" nAmaka graMthanI jesalamera ane bhAMDArakara InTiITayuTanA saMgrahamAMthI mAtra be ja hastaprata maLI ane De. AdinAtha neminAtha upAmee enuM saMzodhana-saMpAdana kyuM. A graMtha prAkRta bhASAnA kathAnA prakAra hovA chatAM dharmatattvane vaNuM lete e addabhuta graMtha che. bANanI kAdaMbarI sAthe ene atizayokti vinA mUkI zakAya. ApaNe jaina chIe, eTale saMkucitatA ke abhimAnathI ema kahIe chIe evuM nathI, paraMtu jainetara vidvAnoe paNa A graMthanI prazaMsA karI che." pratyeka dAyakAnI bhASAne AdhAra jaina bhaMDAra emaNe vadhumAM umeryuM: "pazcimanA vidvAnoe svIkAryuM che, ke

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jaina sAhitya samAroha bhASAvijJAnanI daSTie pratyeka dAyakAnI bhASA jevI hoya te duniyAmAM mAtra jenI pAsethI ja te jovA maLe che. chellAM 800 varSanI vAta karIe te A bhaMDAremAM sacavAyelI kRtiomAM pratyeka dAyakAnI bhASA jovA maLe che. bhASAvijJAna, itihAsa tathA sAmAjika saMdarbhanI daSTie ene abhyAsa karavA jevo che, ane bhaviSyamAM ema thaze paNa kharuM." De. ramaNabhAInA vaktavya sAthe samAroha para thaye hatA. A uparAMta je vidvAne A samArohamAM upasthita rahyA na hatA paraMtu emanA taraphathI saMzAdhana-lekho prApta thayA hatA enI yAdI A pramANe che : 1. ApaNuM bAlAvabodhaH De. ke. kA. zAstrI (amadAvAda) 2. bhakta trimUrti H AnaMdaghanajI, yazovijayajI ane devacaMdrajIH De. bhagavAnadAsa manasukhalAla mahetA (muMbaI) 3, zrImad rAjacaMdra H eka mahAvibhUti : Do. bhagavAnadAsa manasukha lAla mahetA (muMbaI) 4. jaina dharmamAM syAdvAdaH zrI dilasukha phatehacaMda mahetA (morabI) 5. jaina kathAsAhitya : keTalIka lAkSaNikatA : Do. hasu yAjJika (amadAvAda) - caturtha jaina sAhitya samArohanA maMtrI tarIke De. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, zrI amara jarIvAlA, zrI kAntilAla DAhyAbhAI kerA, zrI pannAlAla ra. zAha, zrI naTavaralAla esa. zAha ane De. dhanavaMta ti. zAhe sevA ApI hatI.

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paMcama jaina sAhitya samAroha ahevAlaH panAlAla ra. zAha zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanA upakrame zrI akhila bhAratIya acalagaccha (vidhi pakSa) zvetAmbara jaina saMghanA nimaMtraNathI zanivAra, tA. 24 ane 25 sapTembara, 1983nA roja mAMDavI (karacha) khAte pAMcame jaina sAhitya samAroha yojAye hato. A samArohanuM pramukhasthAna muMbaI yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa ane prabuddha jIvananA taMtrI Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe bhAvyuM hatuM. A samArohamAM jaina tattvajJAna ane jaina sAhitya ema be vibhAgIya beThake rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI, jenA pramukhasthAne anukrame zrI kIrtibhAI mANekalAla zAha ane vArANasInI pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAnanA DirekaTara Do. sAgaramalajI jaina hatA. muMbaI, surata, amadAvAda, bhAvanagara vagere sthaLoe padhAranAra vidvAne mATe saurASTra ekasapresamAM zrI acalagaccha jaina saMdha taraphathI khAsa vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI hatI ane gAMdhIdhAmathI zukravAra, tA. 23, sapTembare be basa dvArA aMjAra, bhadrezvara, nAnI khAkhara, bidaDA meTA AsaMbiyA vagere sthaLonI yAtrA karAvavAmAM AvI. rAtre sADA dasa vAgye sau mAMDavI pahoMcyA hatA. zobhAyAtrA * zanivAra, tA. 24-9-83 nA roja savAranA 8-0 kalAke zobhAyAtrA nIkaLI hatI, jemAM suvarNAkSare lakhAyelI kalpasatranI

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74 jaina sAhitya samAroha hastaprata rathamAM mUkavAmAM AvI hatI. mahArAjA siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM "siddhahema vyAkaraNanI nIkaLelI zobhAyAtrAnI e yAda. apAvatI hatI. uddaghATana beThaka - prArthanA, tuti ane pU. sAdhvIjI vasaMtaprabhAzrIjInA mAMgalika bAda, zrI lakhamazI ghelAbhAI zAhe dIpa pragaTAvI pAMcamAM jaina sAhitya. samArohanuM uddaghATana karyuM hatuM. A prasaMgane anurUpa taiyAra karavAmAM AvelI amaraNikAnuM prakAzana zrI bipinabhAI ke. jene, kalpasUtranI suvarNAkSare lakhAyelI hastapratanuM prakAzana zrI ravajI khImajI cheDAe ane prAcIna hastapratonA pradarzananuM uddaghATana zrI gulAbacaMda karamacaMda zAhe karyuM hatuM. vidyAlayanI kacchamAM zAkhA mATe vacana akhila bhAratIya acalagaccha (vidhi pakSa) vetAmbara jaina saMdhanA pramukha ane svAgatAdhyakSa zrI vasanajIbhAIe saunuM abhivAdana karatAM kahyuM hatuM : "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya jevI khyAtanAma ane mAtabara saMsthA A samArohanI janetA che. jo zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya kacchamAM koI vidyApravRtti Adare agara enI zAkhA khele te te saMsthAne jamIna ane Arthika sahayoga ApavA ame tatpara chIe." saMzAdhana-prakAzanane vega emaNe vizeSamAM kahyuM : "jaina sAhitya samArohathI prerAIne ahIMne samAja vadhu vyApaka pravRttio kare, ahIM bhaMDAramAM sacavAyelI hastapratanuM saMzodhana-prakAzana thAya, saMskRta, prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI vagere bhASAonAM zikSaNane vega maLe te ApaNA saunuM A milana sArthaka thaze." tyArabAda svAgata maMtrI zrI nAnAlAla vasAe A samArohanI

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pAMcama jaina sAhitya samArAha pa. bhUmikA samajAvI hatI. kacchanI hastaprateA vize emaNe savigata mAhitI ApI hatI. tyArapachI zromatI zailagna zAhe sa MskRta bhASAmAM jaina dharmanI. mahattA viSe prAsaMgika vaktavya rajU karyuM hatuM. rAsA sAhityanA prakAzananuM mahattva samAreAhanA pramukharathAnethI DaoN. ramaNulAla cI. zAhe jJAnane mahimA karyAM bAda kahyuM hatuM : "jainA pAse peAtAnuM je sAhitya che, te atyaMta vipula che. prAkRta, amAgadhI, saha~skRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI, marAThI, kannaDa, telugu, tAmIla vagere bhASAomAM prAcIna jaina sAhitya puSkaLa lakhAyeluM che. judA judA hastapratabhaDArAmAM vIsa lAkhathI paNa vadhu hastapratA sacavAyelI che, jemAMnI ghaNI haju aprakAzita che. saheje be-traNu sakAthI vadhu samaya: cAle eTaluM sa`zeAdhanakA. A kSetramAM paDeluM che." rAsA sAhitya vize kheAlatAM emaNe kahyuM : " jyAre ApaNuM dhaNuMkharuM rAsA sAhitya pragaTa thayuM haze, tyAre madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsa navesarathI lakhavAnI pharaja paDaze. bhaviSyanA taTastha ItihAsakAra A vAtanuM ceAgya mUlyAMkana karI zakaze.' dAnanA pravAhane vALavAnI jarUra 66 * prativarSa jainA dAnamAM je rakama kharce che enA pramANamAM vidyAnuM teja pragaTa thatuM nathI " ema jaNAvI dAnanI rakamanA vyavasthita vaparAza mATe emaNe vadhumAM kahyuM : jaina sadhA cAturmAsa praveza, vihAra, vyAkhyAna ityAdi nimitte prativarSa chApAMnI jaherakhaba . 64 pAchaLa lAkhA rUpiyAnA kharca kare che, tene jo vyavasthita rUpa ApavAmAM Ave tA eTalI ja prasiddhi sAthe dhaNuMA kharca khayAlI zakAya. A aMge emaNe vizeSamAM samudAya leAkeNuAthI vimukha banI " eka varSa jo zramaN A badhI ja jaherakhabarA sadaMtara ' umeyu ... :

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jaina sAhitya samAroha - baMdha karAve te ATalAM nANumAMthI koI paNa sthaLe eka sAruM jJAnamaMdira ke eka nAnuM risarca insTiTayUTa sthApI zakAya." samayanI mAMganA saMdarbhamAM sUcano vartamAna samayanI AvazyakatAne lakSamAM rAkhIne emaNe kahyuM : -" vidyAbhyAsa ke vyavasAyanA kAraNe jaino vizvanA badhA dezomAM vaselAM che. tyAM vaselAM keTalAMya mA-bApane pitAnAM saMtAnane jainatvanA saMskAra kevI rIte ApavA ane piSavA enI ciMtA che. bhAratIya -bhASAothI ajANu, kevaLa aMgrejI, phrenca, jarmana ke jApAnI bhASA -jANanAra, jaina bALaka mATe jaina sAhitya ane tatvajJAnanI bhUmikA pUrI pADavA saraLa ane leke pagI sAmagrI meTA pAyA para taiyAra karavAnI ghaNuM jarUra che." videzamAM vasatA vaDIle ane emanAM saMtAne pitAnI jijJAsA surata saMtoSI zake e mATe jaina tIrtho, -jJAnabhaMDAro, kalAkRtio, sAdhu-sAdhvIonI dinacaryA vagerenI pramANa bhUta viDiyo keseTa vyAvasAyika dhoraNe taiyAra thavI joIe evuM emaNe -sUyana karyuM hatuM. vIDiyo keseTanI jema tIrtho vagerenI raMgIna slAI Djha paNa vyAvasAyika dhoraNe taiyAra karavAno paNa emaNe anurodha karyo hate. jaina sAhityamAM kaccha jaina sAhityamAM karachanA AvatA ullekhane havAle ApIne -emaNe kahyuM hatuM ke "400 varSa pahelAM lakhAyelI kRtiomAM kacchanA hAlanA raNapradezanuM varNana Ave che. sAdhuonA vihAranA e mArga -hato ane A Akheya pradeza raLiyAmaNuM ane hariyALo hato. kacchanuM raNa chelA traNa cAra saikAnI ghaTanA hovAnuM jaNAvI bhaulika paristhitimAM AvelA parivartananuM e saMbhavataH kAraNa hovAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM.

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paMcama jaina sAhitya samAroha A prasaMge samArohanA uddaghATaka zrI lakhamazI ghelAbhAI zAha taraphathI AdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika temaja sAmAjika kAryo mATe rUpiyA eka lAkhanA TrasTanI racanA karavAnI jAherAta karavAmAM AvI hatI, jene sahue saharSa vadhAvI lIdhI hatI. tyArabAda uddaghATana beThaka pUrI thaI hatI. vibhAgIya beThaka H jaina tatvajJAna zanivAra, tA. 24-9-1933nA roja savAranAM, uddaghATana beThakanI pUrNAhuti bAda turata ja, jaina tattvajJAnanI vibhAgIya beThaka yojavAmAM AvI hatI. A beThakanuM pramukhasthAna zrI kIrtibhAI mANekalAla zAhe lIdhuM hatuM. nAdurasta tabiyata chatAM muMbaIthI sIdhA. ja teo AvI pahoMcyA hatA. anekAnta dazanamAM dravyanuM svarUpa zrI kIrtibhAI zAhe "anekAnta darzanamAM dravyanuM svarUpa' e viSaya parane pitAnA saMzodhana-abhyAsa lekhanuM saMkSepamAM tAraNa ApatAM kahyuM hatuM: "A vizvamAM bhAgye ja koI e viSaya haze ke jenI jenA dazane talasparzI vicAraNuM karI na hoya. AthI jaina darzana vizALa darzana che, vizvadarzana che. paraMtu enI kharI mahattA enI vizALatA. karatAM paNa enI sUkSamatAmAM che. pratyeka tava arthAt vastunuM sarvA gI jJAna prApta karavA, tenA anekAntamaya svarUpanuM darzana karavA ane tenA sumamAM sUkSama aMganuM jJAna bAkI na rahI jAya te prabaMdha anu gadvAra Adi sUtrograMtha dvArA A darzane karyo che te ajoDa che." syAdvAda aMtagata nayavAda jaina darzananA kaI paNuM tattvane anekAntavAda ane tenA aMtargata nayavAda vinA nyAya ApI zakAtA nathI, ema jaNAvI emaNe umeryuM: "A siddhAMtathI aparicita vyakti nirUpita tatvane grahaNa karI zakatI nathI agara grahaNuM kare che to te viparIta svarUpe

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jaina sAhitya samAroha grahaNa kare che." anaMta dharmAtmaka vastunI jaTilatA jevo ja nayavAda paNa eTale jaTila che e samajavI emaNe jaNAvyuM : "ApaNuM samagra lekavyavahAramAM nayamUlaka anekAnA siddhAMta eTalo otaprota - thaI gayo che ke enuM bArIkAIpUrvaka vizleSaNa karIe te A siddhAMta sahaja rIte samajAI jAya te che." divya-guNa-paryAyanA rAsa para AdhArita nibaMdha mahAmahopAdhyAya yazovijayajI mahArAje dravya-guNa-paryAya -rAsanI 17 DhALamAM dravyAnuyegane utAryo che, tenI bIjI DhALanI prathama gAthAmAM teoe dravyanuM lakSaNa bAMdhyuM che, ema jaNAvI A gAthA ane te para racelA ropajJa TakAnA vivecanarUpe A nibaMdha emaNe lakhyuM che ema temaNe umeryuM hatuM. tattva anutpanna avinAzI che' ema jaNAvI emaNe leka- vyahAramAM anekAtanI svIkRti, dravyArthika nayanI abheda daSTi, paryAyA rthika nayanI bhedadaSTi, saMgraha nayanI abheda daSTi, vyavahAra nayanI bhedadRSTi, sAmAnyanA bheda, vizeSanA be bheda ane anekAnta vagerenI talasparzI chaNAvaTa karI anekAnta uttama nIti che evuM pratipAdana karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda emaNe dravyanAM lakSaNo samajAvatAM dravyanuM lakSaNa sata che; utpAda, vyaya ane cha dhrauvyathI yukta che te sat che; je guNa ane paryAyavALuM che te dravya che; artha kriyA-kAritva e dravyanuM - lakSaNa che" vagere bAbatonI nyAyasaMgata chaNAvaTa karI enuM emaNe pratipAdana karyuM hatuM. jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara jaina raname vIra mAvajI avadhAraNA ' vize De. narendra bhANAvate (jayapu) saMzodhana-abhyAsa lekha rajU karyA bAda zrI nemacaMda -gAlAe (muMbaI) jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara' vize rajUAta karatAM kahyuM : "dakSiNa bhAratanA A saMta, kabIranI mAphaka vaNakara

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Ge pacama jaina sAhitya sabhArAha hA. emaNe racelAM 'tirukuraLa' graMthamAM 10 RyAnuM eka prakaraNu evAM 130 prakaraNeAmAM 1330 yAonuM che,' ema jaNAvI "RcAAnA bhASA sAthe saMdarbha ApI jaina darzananI e keTaluM najIka che agara jaina dananeA ja upadeza emAM samAye che" ema emaNe umeryuM hatuM. keTalIka RcAonA AdhAre te jaina heAvAnuM jaNAvIne emaNe umeryu hatuM ke paratu A mATe AdhArabhUta mAhitI maLatI nathI. tyArabAda samayanA abhAve beThaka bapora para mulatavI rahI hatI. anya sa`zAdhana-abhyAsa lekhA A vibhAgamAM je anya sauMzAdhana abhyAsa lekhA rajU thayA hatA tenI vigata A pramANe cheH (1) The Contribution of Muni Santbalji to Spiritualism : zrI nileza krUsAla (muMbhai), (2) yAga pAThyakrama : OM, rameza lAlana (muMbai), (3) kAceAtsa` : zrI jayendra zAha (muMbaI), (4) jaina darzana ane samAdhimaraNa : zrI ImanalAla ema. zAha kalAdhara' (muMbai), (5) kSamA mAtra cauvanA inahI hai : prA. zatAbena bhANAvata (jyapura), (1) jaina tattvavicAra : zrI gAviMdajI jIvarAja leDAyA (muMbaI), (7) samatA H prA. tArAbena ra. -zAha (muMbaI), (8) AtmavikAsa ane dharma : DaoN. sumanabena pI. zAha (muMbai), (9) vezyA : zrImatI zailajA zAha (muMbaI), (10) pratikramaNu : AjanA sa MdarbhamAM H prA. devabAlA saMghavI (muMbai), (11) tapazcaryA zAstrAmAM ane -vyavahAramAM : pra. - lukacaMda ra. zAhuM (amadAvAda), (12) jaina dharma mAM karmanA siddhAMta prA. ke kilAbena zAha (muMbaI), (13) jaina dharmI ane nIti: prA. utpalAmena meAdI (muMbai), (14) jaina dharma ane zrAvakAcAra : paDiMta kanaiyAlAlajI Daka (jalagAMva), (15) jaina dharma ane cAritraghaDatara : DaoN. tileAttamA jAnI (muMbaI), (16) jaima darzanamAM nyAyazAstra-prA. nAnakabhAI kAmadAra (bhAvanagara), (17) yAta

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jaina sAhitya samAroha zA marthaH 3 sarvekSaNa -De. bI. Ara. yAdava (alAhAbAda), (18) kaeNnsara H karma taravajJAnanA saMdarbhamAM-5nAlAla ra, zAha (muMbaI). A uparAMta nIce jaNAvelA saMzodhanalekhe vyAkhyAtAo hAjara na hovAthI ke anya kAraNosara raju thayA na hatA (1) sadagati kema maLe ? - zrI rameza lAlajI gAlA (muMbaI), (2) upamitibhavaprapaMca kathAnAM jIvaMta pAtromAM jaina tattvajJAna-zrI zAMtilAla sAThaMbAkara (amadAvAda), (3) sarvajJa sarvadazI-De. bhagavAnadAsa manasukhalAla mahetA (muMbaI), (4) zrAvakadharmanuM mAhAtmaya-zrI abhilASakumAra (muMbaI), (5) dharmaH AcAranI mahattA-paM. bAbulAla savacaMda zAha (amadAvAda), (6) syAdAda digdarzana-AcAryA De, zrImatI raMjana nagarazeTha (surata), vibhAgIya beThaka : jaina sAhitya Adi jaina sAhitya, sthApatya-zi95, kalA, itihAsa AdinI vibhAgIya beThaka zrI pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna, vArANasInA DirekaTara Da, sAgaramala jenanA pramukhasthAne maLI hatI. emaNe naitika Iva dhArmika kartavyatA : jaina darzanake pariprekSyameM naitika aura dhArmika kartavyakA va e vize nibaMdha rajU karyo hato. naitika ane dhArmika katavyonI abhinnatA hai. sAgaramala jene (1) vastuno svabhAva dharma che, (ra) kSamA Adi saddaguNenuM AcaraNa dharma che, (3) samyapha jJAna, darzana ane cAritra ja dharma che, ane (4) jIvonI rakSA karavI e ja dharma che. ema jaNAvI temaNe spaSTa karyuM ke jaina dharmanI daSTie naitika ane dhArmika kartavya abhinna che, e baMne vacce bhedarekhA derI zakAya. nahIM. enA vyAvahArika pakSanI vAta karatAM emaNe kahyuM : "AvI. je kaMI bhedarekhA doravI hoya te sAmAjika kartavya ane vaiyaktika kartavyane AdhAre evI bhedarekhA derI zakAya. ApaNuM kartavya ane

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pacama jaina sAhitya samArAha 21 krUraja e prakAranAM cheH (1) khInna pratyenI ApaNI pharaja ane ApaNu kevyu ane (2) khIjAnuM ApaNA paratvenuM kavyu ane pharaja. je khIja pratye arthAt samAja pratye ApaNI pharaja che e nItinI sImAmAM Ave che ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahma' ane aparigraha vagere bAhya athavA vyavahAra pakSa che, jyAre samabhAva, draSTAbhAva, sAkSIbhAva vagere-jaina paribhASAmAM jene ApaNe 'sAmAyika ' kahIe chIe tenI sAdhanA e dhArmika kartavya che. ApaNA sahaja svabhAvanI upalabdhimAM samabhAva kai sImA sudhI upayegI che. e vicAratAM enuM mahattva samAI jAya che. anya sazAdhanalekheA A vibhAgamAM rajU thayelA anya sazeAdhana- lekheAnI vigata A pramANe che : (1) jaina darzana ane sAMskRta bhASA prA. amRta upAdhyAya .(amadAvAda). (2) madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM caMdarAnta vizenI kRtio : prA. kalAmena zAha, (muMbai), (3) kacchamAM jaine H prA. gulAba deDhiyA (su`baI), (4) jaina padyasAhityamAM tIrthAMnI prazasti; zrI naTavaralAla esa. zAha (muMbaI), (5) jaina sAhitya kaumudI : zrI nAnAlAla vasA (muMbaI), (6) 'bhaktAmara'mAM zakti prA. sAvitrIbena zAhu (muMbai), (7) dharmomAM nArI zrI nalinIbena gAlA (muMbaI), (8) uttarAdhyayanasUtranI dha kathAeH prA. aruNu joSI (bhAvanagara), (9) erissAmAM jaina dharmI : zrImatI sudhA pI. jhaverI (bhuja). : : A vibhAgamAM vyAkhyAtAnI gerahAjarI ke anya kAraNeAsara rajU na thaI zakelA nitra dhanI vigata nIce mujaba che: (1) kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcA' ane (ra) ..... haribhadrasuri, Do. bhagavAnadAsa manaHsukhalAla mahetA (muMbaI), (3) AcArAMgake dvitIya zrutaskaMdha evam mahAvIracaritrakI ghaTanAoM ebam 6

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jaina sAhitya samAroha vinTeja, Do. ke. RSabhayaMdra (amadAvAda), (4) zatruMjaya tIrtha, zrI nalInAkSa paMDayA (vallabha vidyAnagara), (5) mAvAna gharanAtha tapobhUmi, zrImujhaphapharahusena (muMbaI), (6) ApaNuM dharmazALAo, 3. bhAIlAla bAvIzI (pAlItANuM). yAtrA-pravAsa nimaMtraka saMsthA taraphathI A samArohamAM upasthita rahelA badhA vidvAne mATe karacha-bhadrezvara tIrtha ane abaDAsA tAlukAnI paMcatIrthonI yAtrAnA pravAsanuM AyeAjana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, tadanusAra badhA ya vidvAnoe karachanAM kalAtmaka maMdironI yAtrA karI hatI. kalAmaya maMdira ane emanI jALavaNIthI saune AnaMda thaye hato. hastapratonuM pradarzana. zrI lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAdanA sahakArathI prAcIna alabhya hastapratAnuM pradarzana yojavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e saMsthAnA kayureTara De. kanubhAI zeTha ane zrI nAnAlAla vasAe A pradarzananuM Ayojana karyuM hatuM. have pachI jaina sAhitya samAroha yojavA mATe tIthala (munizrI jinacaMdravijayajI tripuTIbaMdhu taraphathI), pAlanapura, khaMbhAta, zivapurI, pAlItANu tathA bhAvanagaranAM nimaMtraNe maLyAM hatAM. jaina sAhitya samArohanI samitinA sabhya tarIke (1) Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha (sAjaka), (2) zrI amara jarIvAlA, (3) zrI kAntilAla DAhyAbhAI derI, (4) zrI pannAlAla 2. zAha, (5) De. dhanavaMta ti. zADa, (6) zrI naTavaralAla esa. zAha, (7) zrI vasanajI lakhamazI zAha (8) zrI zazIkAnta mahetA ane (9) zrI nAnAlAla vasAe sevA apI hatI.

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abhyAsa-lekhe ane vyAkhyAno

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AjanI ApaNI AvazyakatAH ' zAsana-prabhAvanA ke sAdhanA? pU. munizrI amarendravijayajI ' * vIranirvANa pachI aDhI hAra vaSe zrI jinazAsanane punaH abhyudaya thaze 'evI mAnyatA saikAethI jaina saMdhamAM pravarte che. e sUcita samayamaryAdA have pUrI thAya che. eTale have, zrI jinazAsananI nahe|jalAlI ApaNI najare nIrakhavAnI ane temAM kAMka namittabhUta banavAnI paNa AzA ApaNe rAkhI zakIe, zrI jinazAsananA abhyudyamAM kAIka rIte kaLyAMka nimitta banI zakIe ethI rUDuM zuM aAya ? paNa e mATe prathama teA, ApaNe e samajavuM Avazyaka che ke zrI jinazAsana eTale zuM ? ane tenA abhyudaya eTale zuM? zAsanatA artha che AjJA. vizvakalyANa arthe parama kAruNika zrI jinezvaradeve cIdhela. ahiMsA, prema, karuNA, aparigrahavRtti ane anekAMtaSTi upara AdhArita jIvanapaddhati, ane tAnadaSTithI rasAyelA tyAga, tapa, dhyAna ane kAyotsargaOmaya aMtarmukha sAdhanA : A che pAramAthika zrI jinazAsana; ane A sadguNA, jIvanamUlyA ane sAdhanArI sAmAjika temaja vyaktigata jIvanamAM vizvavyApaka pratiSThA-- ruci, Adara-satkAra, svIkAra ane AcaraNu - e che zrI jinazAsananA abhyudaya. bhagavAnanI sAdhanA mAtra tyAga, titikSA ane upavAsamAM sImita nahAtI rahI. jJAnathI rasAyela tyAga, titikSA, upavAsa uparAMta ekAMta, mauna, dhyAna ane kAusagga kAyotsarga bhagavAnanI sAdhanAnAM mukhya aMgeA hatAM. kAyAtsa` eTale kAyAnA utsarga-tyAga, arthAt AnAdi dvArA dehAtmabhAvathI para javuM ke dehAtmabhAvathI para

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26 jaina sAhitya samArAha rahevuM e bhagavAnanI sAdhanAnuM kendra hatuM. jagatane sudhAravAne kAI prayAsa na karatAM, pahelAM sADAbAra varSa sudhI mauna rahI, ekAMtamAM, jyAna ane kAcetsarganI sAdhanA dvArA peAtAnI khatane pUrNa zuddha karavAnA prayAsamAM DUbI jaIne ja e mAmAnA sArathI banyA. vizvavatsala bhagavAna mahAvIradeve svaya' AcarelI ane zramaNusaMdhamAM pravartAvelI e sAdhanAne Aje ApaNe ApaNA dharmajIvananuM lakSya banAvIe chIe kharA ? sADAbAra varSanI umra sAdhanAmAM e apramatta sAdhake keTale ane kayA bAhya tapa karyA tenI vAta ApaNe DhAMze AMze karIe chIe, paNa e samaya daramyAna divase, pakhavADiyAM ane mahinAo sudhI, AhAranA tyAga karIne bhagavAne apramattabhAve aMtaramAM je DUbakI lagAvI tenI vAta kadAca karIe tA paNa zUnyamanaskrapaNe. eTale bhagavAne dhAra upasargo sahana karyA enI vAta karIe tyAre pazu bhagavAnanI prabaLa IcchAzakti ke sahanazakti ja ApaNI AMkha sAme taravare che, emanI UMDI aMtarmukhatA-AtmalInatA nahi. paraMtu hakIkata e che ke pariSaha, upasargAdi bAhya viSama paristhiti, UMDI aMtarmukhatA ke AtmalInavRttinA khaLa, sahaja rIte, samabhAve pAra karI zakAya che. ApaNA saune! anubhava che ke mApaNe kAInI sAthe rasamaya vAtacItamAM tallIna heAIe chIe tyAre AjubAju cAlI rahela anya pravRtti ke vAtacIta pratye ApaNe sAva badhIra banI jaIe chIe. ApaNA mAthA upara ja TI gAtA ghaDiyALanA TakeArA paNa ApaNune te samaye saMbhaLAtA nathI ! e ja rIte, zarIramAM kaI pIDA heAya te paNu, AvI keAI rUsamaya pravRttimAM ApaNe pazavAIe chIe tyAre visAre paDI jAya che evuM ghaNI vAra nathI banatuM ? tema dhyAnAdi ataraMga sAdhanAnA baLe jyAre citta AtmAmAM lIna thAya che tyAre hAra zarIrane zuM thaI rahyuM che ene kheAdha AmalIna

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AjanI ApaNI AvazyakatA. . . . . . sAdhakane hetuM nathI. A rIte ja pUrva mahApuruSoe samabhAve upasargo pAra karyA che (juo adhyAtmasAra, samatAdhikAra, leka 9-10). bhagavAne dAruNa upasargo samabhAve pAra karyA enI pAchaLa paNuM, dhyAnAdi aMtaraMga sAdhanA vaDe emane prApta thayela samatva ane aMtarmukhatAne mukhya phALo hatA - e vAta je upadezakenA ye dhyAna bahAra rahetI hoya to zrotAjane sudhI to e paheAMce ja zI rIte ? AnA phaLasvarUpe, sAmAnya janasamUhanuM ane ArAdhaka varganA paNa moTA bhAganuM lakSa mAtra bAhya tapa, tyAga ane titikSA upara ja kendrita rahe che. enA aMtaramAM bhagavAnanI jema ugra tapazcaryA ane pariSaha-upasarga sahana karavAnA manoratha jAge che; kidhu kevaLa sahanazakti ane IcchAzaktinA jore ja nahi paNa UMDI aMtamu khatAnA kAraNe ja upasargo ane pariSahene samabhAve pAra karI javAya che. e tathyathI ajANa hovAnA kAraNe, paranI ciMtA mUkI daI prabhunI jema kyAnAdi aMtaraMga sAdhanAmAM DUbakI lagAvavAnA keDa ene thatA nathI. paNa, have, e vAta pratye enuM lakSa kheMcyA vinA cAlaze nahi. AjanI mAMga ane ApaNuM kartavya luptaprAyaH banI cUkela dhyAna ane kAryotsarganI sAdhanAne punaruddhAra karavA Aje prAyogika dhoraNe e aMge saMzodhana thAya e Avazyaka che. mAtra zAstrAdhyayana, ciMtana manana ane sAhityasajana ke upadezathI tyAgavage Aje saMtoSa mAnavo paravaDe tema nathI. sAdhanAne have prAyogika rUpa apAvuM joIe. sAdhanAnAM rahasya paganA abhAve DhaMkAyAM paDayAM che, tene bahAra lAvavA sAdhanAnA prayogo thavA joIe--jema vaijJAnike kare che tema. ApaNane prApta mAhitI ane tenA AdhAre dekhAtI zakyatAone sAme rAkhI prayo

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jaina sAhitya samAroha thAya te ilekiTrasiTI, reDiyo, TelIvijhana Adi vaijJAnika zodha ane AviSkAronI jema, adhyAtmamArganAM upekSita tathya paNa samAjamAM zIdhra pratiSThA prApta karI zake. AjanA yugamAM-ane vizeSe karIne navI peDhIne--dharmanuM ane saMyamajIvananuM mAhAya mAtra zAstravacane TAMkIne ke zAstrIya pAribhASika zabdanI vyAkhyAo ApIne nahi ThasAvI zakAya; zramaNoe pitAnA jIvana dvArA e pratIti karAvavI rahI. vyavahAranI kasoTIe na caDelo upadeza vijJAnanI belabAlAmAM ucharelI yuvA peDhIne mAnasamAM zraddhAnuM nirmANa karavAmAM viphaLa rahe che. eka varSane cAritraparyAya thatAM muni ucatama-anuttara-devonA prazama sukhane paNa TapI jAya che, evuM zAstravacana sAMbhaLIne AjanA buddhijIvI mAnasane saMtoSa thato nathI; enI AgaLa e zAstravacano raTaca rAkhavAthI kaI artha sarato nathI. e te prazna karazeH "Aje sthiti zI che?" cAritraparyAya sAthe prazamasukhane keAI AMkaratio vartamAna munijIvana mATe ApI zakAya tevuM Aje rahyuM nathI enI sakheda noMdha laI, tyAgavage ane saMdhanAyakee cAritraparyAya sAthe prazamasukhanI vRddhi lAvanAra yuM tava vartamAna munijIvanamAM khUTe che te zodhI kADhavA AtmanirIkSaNa karI, te tattvanI pUrti kaI rIte karI zakAya te aMge saMzodhana karavAnI A ghaDI che. AjanI buddhipradhAna yuvA peDhIne dharmanI ruci ke bhUkha nathI evuM nathI. paNa gokhelo upadeza, ahaMmamaprerita kSullaka vAda-vivAde ane cittazuddhi ke vyavahArazuddhimAM na pariNamatAM prANahIna kriyAkAMDamAM ene rasa rahyo nathI. enAthI enA mAnasanuM samAdhAna nathI thatuM, tyAre e adhyAtmika zAMti mATenI pitAnI bhUkha saMtoSavA anyatra phAMphAM mAre che. te jAte cittazuddhi ane samatAne anubhava karI zake evI prakriyA te zedhe che. te ene ApaNe ApIzuM te enI

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AjanI ApaNI AvazyaktA. . . . . . jhaMkhanA saMteSAze ne e dharma mArga tarapha te svayaM kheMcAze. Atmatatvane sparza karAvI ApatI sAdhanA-prakriyA prAgAtmaka rIte enI sAme ApaNe dharIzuM te te utsAhabhera ene apanAvaze. Aje ApaNe sAdhanAmAM rahetI kSatio ane jIvanavyavahAramAM pravezelI azuddhi dUra karI sAdhanAne prAyogika rUpa ApI, ApaNe enI sArapa je prakAzamAM lAvIzuM te Adhunika jagatamAM enI pratiSThA svayaM thaze. samatva sAthe dhyAna ane kAyotsargane je saMbaMdha che te prayAga vaDe prasthApita thAya e AjanA yuganI mAMga che. samabhAvanI vRddhi karAvatI sAmAyikanI ke kAusagnanI prakriyA Aje ApaNe batAvI zakIzuM to Ajano azAMtigrasta trasta mAnava e sAmAyikadharmane zaraNe doDyo Avaze; ane evA sAmAyikadharmanI AjIvana sAdhanAmAM rata sAdhusaMsthA pratye ane jaina sAdhanA pratyeka hRdayamAM anero Adara jAmaze. dhyAnAdi aMtaraMga sAdhanAmAM rUci dharAvatA gRhastha ane tyAgI sAdhake ekatra maLI, ekAMta sthAnamAM mahine be mahinA ke cha-bAra mahinA sAdhanAne prayoga karI zake evAM kendro UbhAM thAya, to saMghamAMthI lupta thaI rahelI e sAdhanAne punaruddhAra thaI zake; ane tenA pariNAme saMghamAM adhyAmika khamIra ane ojasa pragaTe ane dIkSA paryAya sAthe prazamasukhanI vRddhine anubhava zramaNusaMdhamAM punaH jovA maLe. eTale zrI jinazAsananAM abhyadaya, rakSA ane prabhAvanAnI dRSTie temaja vyaktigata sAdhanAnI dRSTie paNa uttama, yakara, phaLadAyI ane nirApada mArga e che ke bhagavAne svayaM AcarelI ane jaina saMdhane batAvelI aMtarmukha sAdhanAnI prakriyAne - jenAthI samatvane lAbha thato pratyakSa anubhavI zakAya evI sAmAyikanI ke kAusaganI sAdhanA-prakriyAne-prAyogika dhoraNe pratiSThita karI, saMdhamAM

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jaina zrAhitya samAroha tene punaH pravAhita karavAnA prayAsamAM - saMzodhana ane sAdhanAnA prAgamAM - samartha vyaktioe pitAnAM samayazakti kendrita karavAM. dhyAnanuM ApaNuM sAdhanAmAM zuM sthAna che tene nirdeza karI, vartamAna jainasaMghamAM dhyAna-sAdhanAnA punaruddhAranI-revivalnIAvazyakatA aMge mane ne sUjhayuM te meM ahIM saMgha samakSa mUkayuM che. umeda che ke saMghanA yugakSemane bhAra jemanA zire che te prabuddha dhamanAyake-AcAryo ane saMdhanA vimazazIla agresare enA upara gaMbhIra vicAra karI kriyAzIla banaze.

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jaina sAhitya cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha ahIM jaina sAhitya eTale mAtra lalita vADa maya nahi paNa jenee lakhela dareka viSayanuM badhuM sAhitya. jJAnane keI viSaya e nathI ke jenA upara jenuM yogadAna na heya. A sAhityabhaMDAra. ghaNe vipula che. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa taraphathI jaina sAhityane bRhat "ItihAsa evI eka moTI pejanA karI, cha pratye pragaTa karyA che. De. hIrAlAla jainanuM eka pustaka che "bhAratIya saMskRtimAM jaina dharmanuM yogadAna. temAM upalabdha sakaLa jaina sAhityane saMkSipta. itihAsa, lagabhaga 150 pAnAMmAM Apyo che. haju ghaNuM sAhitya jaina bhaMDArAmAM aprakaTa paDayuM che, paNa chellAM 50-60 varSamAM sArA pramANamAM prasiddha thayuM che. jaina dharmanI-zramaNaparaMparAnI- prAcInatA have sarvasvIkRta che. zramaNa paraMparA vaidika saMskRtithI paNa prAcIna che. temAM deva-devIonI ArAdhanA, prakRtinAM tattanI pUjA, yajJo ane tenI mAraphata aihika sukhasaMpattinI prApti, vizeSa jovA maLe che. zramaNa saMsakRti zarUAtathI tapa, tyAga ane varAgyapradhAna rahI che. upaniSadamAM AdhyAtmika vicAraNA pradhAnatA pAme che. jaina sAhitya mukhyatve AdhyAtmika che. vakhata jatAM, vaidika ane zramaNa saMskRtino samanvaya thayo.. vartamAna bhAratIya saMskRti eTale vaidika, jaina ane bauddha dharmane triveNIsaMgama. jaina sAhityano vicAra A saMdarbhamAM karavAnuM rahe che. zaMkarAcArya jaina ane bauddha dharma upara AkramaNa karyuM ane hiMdu dharmanI punaH pratiSThA karI, tyAre bauddha dharma hiMdustAnamAMthI nAmazeSa. thaye, jyAre jaina dharma TakI rahyo. tenuM kAraNa mane ema lAge che ke

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jaina sAhitya samAroha - jainoe eka prakAranuM samAdhAna karyuM. dharmathI jaina rahyA, paNa vyavahAramAM hiMdu thayA. hiMdu samAjanI jJAti-jAti svIkArI, tenAM rItarivAje apanAvyAM. hidu kAyade jenone lAgu pADayo, paNa dharmathI potAnuM - vyaktitva jALavI rAkhyuM. jaina sAhityamAM mukhya Agama eka gaNatarIthI 32, bIjI gaNatarIthI 45. A Agama graMthonuM saMkalana bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa thayuM. digaMbara mAnyatA anusAra badhuM Agama sAhitya kALakrame lupta thayuM che, ane mULa rUpamAM aprApya che. digaMbara sAhitya badhuM AcArya racita che paNa vetAMbara sAhitya ke digaMbara sAhitya, baMnemAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA upadezanI mULa dhArA sacavAI rahI che. Agama sAhitya upara, niryukti, bhASya, -cUrNi tathA TIkAnA rUpamAM vizALa sAhityanI racanA thaI che. A badhuM sAhitya moTe bhAge AdhyAtmika jIvanane lagatuM che. ' A uparAMta bIjA viSaya upara paNa vizALa jaina sAhitya cheH nyAya, naya, nikSepa, anekAnta, syAdavAda, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, alaMkAra, keza, nATaya, saMgIta, kalA, bhUgoLa, khagoLa, gaNita, - jyotiSa, Ayurveda, arthazAstra vagere viSa upara vividha prakAranuM sAhitya che. vipula kathAsAhitya, paurANika-aitihAsika cAritrasAhitya, AcAra - munio tathA zrAvakenAM vidhividhAne, kriyAo, ga, dhyAna, karmavAda. jJAnane kaI viSaya evo nathI ke jene upara jaina sAhitya na hoya. A sAhitya vividha bhASAomAM cheH ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, apabhraMza, saMskRta, kannaDa, tAmila, prAcIna gujarAtI vagere. A badhA sAhityane kevI rIte mUlavazuM ? atyArasudhI ghaNuM aprakaTa hatuM, have prakaTa thatuM jAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, bhUgoLa, khagoLa, gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayuveda vagere vyAvahArika jJAnanA viSayo che,

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94 jaina sAhitya temAM ghaNuM pragati thaI che. AgamAM sUrya prajJapti, caMdra prajJapti, jambudvIpa prajJapti vagere graMthe che. tene sarvajJa prarUpita mAnI aMtima lekhavA ? tevI rIte kAvya, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, ida vagerenuM paNa.. nyAya, pramANa, anekAnta, syAdvAda vagere tarkazAstranA viSaya che.. temAM grahaNa karavAgya grahaNa karIe. anya vicAradhArAone tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karIe. kathAsAhitya tathA dharmopadezanuM sAhitya zreSTha heya tenuM adhyayana karIe. A badhuM mukhyatve vairAgyalakSI che. A badhA sAhityamAM, tatkAlIna sAmAjika ane aitihAsika pari. sthitinI mAhitI maLe che tene etihAsika daSTie abhyAsa karIe... ApaNe anekAntanI vAta karIe chIe, ane tene mATe gaurava laIe chIe, paNa kharekhara ApaNuM daSTi anekAnta che ? matAgraha ane aMdhazraddhAthI keTalAM badhAM gherAyelAM chIe ? rUDha thayelI. mAnyatAone leza paNa AMca Ave e vicAra paNa karavA ApaNe taiyAra nathI. jaina darzananuM jIvazAstra ati gahana che. vartamAna vijJAna have tenuM samarthana kare che. paNa baMnene tulanAtmaka abhyAsa kAMI ja nathI. ApaNuM paribhASA judI che. temAMthI bahAra nIkaLyA ja nathI. jUnI paraMparAgata paribhASAmAM jIvanA bheda-prabheda goge jaIe chIe. tene tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatA nathI. vartamAna bAyolejI ane jaina darzananuM jIvazAstra, baMnene gahana abhyAsa heAya evI vyaktio virala che. aMte rahe che dravyAnuyoga ane AcAradharma-Metaphysics and Ethics, navatatva ane dravya, tathA ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa. nava tattavamAM jIva-ajIvanuM Ata svIkAryuM che. Asava ane baMdha, jemAM kaSA, leyAo, rAga ane dveSane samAveza thAya che te mAnasazAstranA viSaya che. saMvara ane nirjarA, AcAra dharma che,

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4 jaina sAhitya samAreha jemAM badhAM vratAne ane ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapane samAveza thAya che. puNya ane pApa, zubha-azubha karmanAM pariNuAma che, zUdravyamAM prathama e che : jIva ane ajIva, khIjA e dharmAstikAya ane adharmAstikAya eTale gati ane sthiti-Rest and Motion. padArthonI gati-sthiti mATe A A e dravyeAnI kalpanA karI. chellAM e-AkAza ane kALa, jarmana philasUpha kenTe kahyuM tema, mAnavInAM mananI kalpanAo che - they are concepts of human mind. atima tattva, ane ta ane kAlAtIta che Ultimate Reality is beyond time and :space. -- A badhA viSaye| gahana abhyAsa ane svataMtra vicAraNA - - critical study ~ mAge che. Ama na thAya teA jagatanA mahAna tattvajJAe vicAraNA karI che, ane anya darzanAmAM jIvananI A badhI -samasyAnI gahana vicAraNA thai che ane vartamAnamAM paNa thAya che -enI avagaNanA karavI paDe. >> ' vartamAnamAM jaina sAhitya prakaTa thAya che temAM maulika vicAraNA, -tulanAtmaka abhyAsa athavA mUlyAMkana jevuM bhAgye ja heAya che. saMzA dhanane nAme keAI hastapratanuM saMpAdana kare ane pI.eca.DI.nI DIgrI maLa. bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvana ane upadezanAM pustaka vAMcIe te badhAMmAM lagabhaga parApUrvathI cakkI AvatAM varSane ane hakIkate ja hAya, krAI navI viyAra ke vamAna jIvananA saMdarbhamAM navI preraNA jovA na maLe. sAhitya-prakAzana pAchaLa jaina samAja lAkhA rUpiyA khaze che, paNa tenI guNavattA jovAnI bhAgye ja paravA kare che. sa`zAdhana sa`sthA vacce parasparanA vicAravinimaya athavA saMkalananA abhAve ghaNuM punarAvana thAya che. -co-ordination - bhagavAna mahAvIrUM vidyAne'nI bhASA saMskRta cheADI, janasAmAnya samajI zake che mATe leAkabhASAmAM upadeza ApyuM. have te

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jaina sAhitya bhASA - ardhamAgadhI lokabhASA rahI nathI. tene vartamAna lekabhASAomAM utAravI joIe. dareka darzanane potAnI paribhASA hoya che. A pa@iASA vartamAna vicAradhArAnA saMdarbhamAM parivartita karavI joIe. artha na samajAya te samajaNapUrvaka AcaraNa kyAMthI thAya ? bhagavAna mahAvIre batAvela jIvanasAdhanAne AcAradharma-ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa-AdhyAtmika anubhUti che. siddhAMta e ja rahe paNa tenA AcaraNanuM svarUpa samaye samaye badalAya. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAnuM vyApaka svarUpa batAvyuM. jene dharmanI daSTi mukhyatve vyaktigata mekSanI, saMsAravyavahAra pratye upekSAnI rahI che. samAjamAM rahI vyakti ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa karI zake te mATe samAjanI racanA ahiMsAnA pAyA upara thavI joIe. hiMsAnA AdhAra upara racAyela samAjamAM ahiMsaka 241242% celo H12 Care . A moral man in immoral ociety is a paradox. tethI leToe Adarza rAjyanI racanA karI. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsaka samAjanI racanAne mArga batAvyuM. jaina dharma ahika jIvananI siddhi mATe saMsAranivRttine mArga apanAvyuM ane ahiMsA, saMyama tathA tapanI aMtima TinA munidharmane Adarza banAvyo. pariNAme dharma ane vyavahAra bhinna thaI gayA. vartamAna jIvananI samasyAonuM mULa, vadhatI jatI hiMsA ane bhegapradhAna vRttimAM raheluM che. ahiMsA ane saMyamane jIvananA badhA vyavahAramAM gUMthI na laIe tyAM sudhI sukha ane zAnti maLavAnA nathI. jaina dharma A dizAmAM ghaNuM gadAna karI zake tema che, paNa te mATe daSTiparivartana ane svataMtra ciMtana Avazayaka che.

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bhakta trimUrti AnaMdaghanajI, yazovijayajI ane devacaMdrajI De. bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI mahetA AnaMdaghanajI, yazovijayajI ane devacaMdrajI e traNe paramAtmadarzanane sAkSAtkAra pAmelA bhaktaziromaNi mahAtmAo thaI gayA, te temanA parama bhAvollAsamaya anubhavadugAra parathI svayaM supratIta thAya che. "vimala jina dIThA leyaNa Aja ? "dIThI he prabhu! dIThI jagaguru tuja", "dIThe suvidhi niNaMda samAdhi rasa bharyo re e vacano tenI sAkSI pUre che. A virala vibhUtirUpa mahAgItArtha mahAtmAo vItarAgadarzananI apUrva prabhAvanA karanArA mahAjAtidhare thaI gayA. A bhakta trimUrtie abhuta bhaktirasane ane uttama adhyAtmayogano pravAha vahAvI jagata para parama upakAra karyo che. matadarzana-AgrahathI para evA A vizvagrAhI vizAla daSTivALA mahApratibhAsaMpanna tatvaSTAo kaI eka saMpradAyanA ja nahi, paNa samasta jagatanA che. AjathI lagabhaga aDhIso varSa pUrve thaI gayelA AnaMdaghanajI ane yazovijayajI bane samakAlIna hatA. AnaMdaghanajI jevA saMtane darzana-samAgama e yazovijayajInA jIvananI eka krAMtikArI viziSTa ghaTanA che. te vakhatane samAja evA parama avadhUta jJAna-- dazAvALA, AtmAnaMdamAM magna rahenArA, AtmArAma puruSane oLakhI na zakyo ne A lAbhAnaMdajI(AnaMdaghanajI)ne yatheccha lAbha uThAvI. na zakyo. paNa zrI devacaMdrajIe kahyuM che tema teha ja ehane jANuMga bhaktA, je tuma sama guNasayajI !" arthAt te ja tevAne oLakhe, sAco jhaverI ja jhaverAta pArakhI zake, tema te samaye paNa

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7 bhakta trimUrti . . . . zrI yazovijayajI jevA viralA ratnaparIkSaka ja zrI AnaMdaghanajI jevA mahApuruSaratnane temanA yathArtha svarUpe oLakhI zakyA. A parama avadhUta, bhAvanitha AnaMdaghanajInA darzana samAgamathI zrI yazovijayajIne ghaNo ghaNe AtmalAbha ne apUrva AtmAnada thayo. A parama upakAranI smRtimAM zrI yazovijayajIe mahAgItArtha AnaMdaghanajInI stutirUpe aSTapadI racI che. temAM temaNe parama AtmolAsathI masta dazAmAM viharatA AnaMdaghanajInI mukta kaMThe bhArobhAra prazaMsA karatAM gAyuM che ke "pArasamaNi samA AnaMdaghanajInA samAgamathI leha jevo huM yazavijaya suvarNa bane !" kevI bhavya bhAvAMjali ! have atre A uparathI eka vicAraNIya rasaprada prasaMga upasthita thAya che ke A nyAyane eka dhuraMdhara AcArya, SaDUdarzanane samartha vettA, sakala Agamarahasyane jJAtA, viziromaNi yazovijayajI upAdhyAyajI jevo puruSa, A anubhavogI AnaMdaghanajInA prathama darzana-samAgame jANe maMtramugdha thayo hoya ema AnaMdataraMgiNamAM jhIle che, ane te yogIzvaranI addabhuta AtmAnaMdamaya vItarAgadazA dekhIne AnaMdAzcarya anubhave che. ane potAnI samasta vidvattAnuM sarva abhimAna eka sapATe phagAvI daI, bALaka jevI nirdoSa parama saralatAthI kahe che ke leDhA je A pArasamaNinA sparzathI sonuM banyuM aho kevI nirmAnitA ! kevI saralatA! kevI nirdabhatA ! kevI guNagrAhitA ! Ane badale bIje kaI hAta te tene abhimAna ADuM AvI UbhuM raheta. paNa yazovijayajI aura puruSa hatA, eTale AnaMdaghanajIne divya dhvani emanA AtmAe sAMbhaLyo ne te saMtanAM caraNe DhaLI paDayo: ane A paramArthaguru AnaMdaghanajInA samAgama pachI emane aMtarapravAha adhyAtmayoga ne bhaktiviSayanA paMthe vizeSe karIne mukhyapaNe DhaLyuM haze, ema A

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98 jaina sAhitya samAroha uparathI svAbhAvika anumAna thAya che. ane temane pachI theDAM vaSe thayelA tattvaraMgI mahAmuni devacaMdrajI paNa A piotAnA purogAmI bane bhaktarAjanI jema bhaktiamRtarasamAM kevI seLe kaLAe khIlyA che ne adhyAtma-taraMgiNamAM kevA apUrva bhAvathI jhIlyA che, e emanI sudhArSiNa stavanAvalI parathI sahaja samajAya che. A bhakta trimUrtimAM pratyekanI zailI kaMI ne kaMI viziSTatAvALI che. zrI AnaMdadhanajInAM stavamAM sahaja svayaMbhU adhyAtmapradhAna bhaktirasa pravahe che; ane tenI zilI sarala, sAdI ne saMskArI temaja arthagauravavaMtI ne AzayagaMbhIra che. zrImAna devacaMdrajInAM stavamAM uttama tAttvika bhaktinI pradhAnatA che; dravyAnuyoganI mukhyatAthI prabhunuM zuddha tattvasvarUpa vistArathI varNavI, ne tenI bhaktinA kAryakAraNabhAvanI talasparzI sUma mImAMsA karI, prabhunA guNAtizayathI UpajatI parama prItimaya abhuta bhakti atra mukhyapaNe gAvAmAM AvI che ane tenI zilI prathama darzane kaMIka kaThina, arthaghana ne prauDha chatAM UMDA bhaktirasapravAhavALI pratIta thAya che. zrI yazovijayajInI stavanAvalImAM premalakSaNA bhakti mukhyapaNe varNavI heI, te parama premarasapravAhathI chalakAtI che; ne tenI zailI AbAlavRddha samajI zake evI atyaMta sarala, sAva sAdI ne suprasanna che. A parama bhakta trimUrtinI kRtinI sAmAnya tulanA mATe eka sthaLa daSTAMta chae to zrI AnaMdaghanajInI kavitA sAkaranA ghana jevI che ne temAM sarvatra amRta samI mIThAza bharI che. zrI devacaMdrajInI kavitA zeraDInA TukaDA jevI che, eTale temAM mIThAza to sarva pradeza bharelI ja che, paNa temAM cAvavAnI mahenata karavI paDe tema che, te ja tenI amRta samI mIThAzanI khabara paDe. zrI yazovijyajInI kavitA zeraDInA tAjA rasa jevI che, ane tenuM yatheccha madhura amRtapAna sahu keAI takALa sugamatAthI karI zake che.

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bhakta trimUrti ... Ama, A mAdhurya mUrti bhakta trimUrtinA parama bhaktibhAvanira ne caitanyarasanI cheALA uchALatAM stavane AtmAnubhavanA parama paripAkarUpa hAI, gAtAM ke sAMbhaLatAM, kAI adbhuta AThThalAda Ape che, te mananA thAka utArI nAMkhI parama cittaprasannatA Ape che. A bhakta trimUrtinAM vacanAmRtAmAM evAM tA adbhuta mAya, prasAda, AjasU ne dhvani bharyAM che, evuM te ucca caitanyavaMtuM kavitva bharyu che, ke tene! rasAsvAda letAM AtmA pUrepUrA jANe tRpta thatA nathI. jAgatI jyeAta jevI A bhakta trimUrti bhaktirasanI evI apUrva jAdUnavI vahAvI gayela che, ke je koI bhAgyavaMta jana temAM nimajjana kare che, te pAvana parama AtmAnada lUMTe che. . namuM AnAnA dhUna variSa Anadhanane namuM devacaMdrA amRtajharaNA jJAnadhanane; yazAzrInA svAmI zrutanidhi yoAvijaya namuM, niti gItAthe gIta amRta bhaktirasa ramuM. 1 A bhakta trimUrtie Adarza samAjasudhAraka ane prakhara dhama uddhAraka tarIke ananya zAsanadAjha dAkhavI che. e khAsa taiAMdhavA jevuM che ke temanA sudhArA AdhunikAnI jema yadvAtaddA svaccha MdAnuyAyI nathI, paNa nirmala zAstramArgAnuyAyI ne zuddha AdarzavAdI che. bhagavAne praNita karelA mULa Adarza vItarAgamA thI samAjane bhraSTa thayelA dekhI, gRhasthAne temaja sAdhuone tethI viparItapaNe-vimukhapaNe vaMtatA nihALI, kSudra nirmAlya matamatAMtarothI akhaMDa samAjane khaDakhaDa chinnabhinna thayeleA bhALI, A bhAvitAtmA mahAtmAonuM bhAvanAzIla sAcI aMtaradAjhavALu hRdaya atyaMta dravIbhuta thayuM hatuM, kakaLI UThayu hatuM. eTale ja te samAjane saDe| dUra karavAnA ekAMta nirmala uddezathI teoe TheraThera peAkAra pADaco che. puruSa para para cr 99

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100 jaina sAhitya samAroha anubhava jovatAM, adhe aMdha palAya..5thaDe nihALuM re bIjA jina taNe re" ItyAdi AnaMdaghanajInAM vedhaka vacane temanI sAcI zAsanadAjhanA sahaja uddagAra che. "dravya kriyA rUci chavaDA re, bhAva dharma rUci hIna; upadezaka paNa tehavA re, zuM kare jIva navIna - caMdrAnana jina ! sAMbhaLIye aradAsa, ityAdi zrI devacaMdrajInAM vacano temanuM tIvra khedamaya AMtarasaMvedana dAkhave che. ane zrImAna yazovijayajIe to bhagavAna sImaMdhara svAmI pAse sADI traNa ane savAso gAthAnA stavanAdinA bahAne karuNa pokAra pADyo che ke "bhagavAna ! A jinazAsananI zI dazA?" ane ema karI niSkAraNa karuNAthI suSupta samAjane keTalIka vAra sakhta zabdaprahAranA cAbakhA mArI DhaDhe che, ne tenI aMdhazraddhA uDADI jAgrata karyo che; tathA gRhasthane ne sAdhano ucita Adarza dharma spaSTapaNe sarvatra zAstrAdhArapUrvaka mIThAzathI rajU karI, samAjane gherI vaLelA kugurue ne kusAdhuonI nIDarapaNe sakhta jhATakaNuM kADhI che, jema ke "Arya thaDA anAja janathI, jaina AryamAM DA; temAM paNa pariNata jana thoDA, bAkI muMDA mhoLAre jinajI ! vinataDI avadhAre! jima jima bahuzruta bahujanasaMmata, bahu ziSya paravariyo; tima tima jinazAsanane vayarI, je navi nizcaya dariye.... re jinajI! vinataDI avadhAro! nija gaNa saMce mane navi khaMce, graMtha bhaNuM jana ce; luMce keza na maMce mAyA; te na rahe vrata pace." - ityAdi prakAre kusAdhuonI sakhta jhATakaNuM kADhI, nirmala munimaNunA AdarzanI tyAM supratiSThA karI, pitAnI zAsana pratyenI sAcI aMtaradAjha vedhaka zabdomAM vyakta karI che. ' A bhakta trimUrtinuM Agama ane anumAna-nyAya viSayanuM jJAna agAdha hatuM. AnaMdaghanajInA ekeka vacana pAchaLa AganA talasparzI jJAnanuM ne ananya tatvaciMtananuM samartha pIThabaLa dekhAI

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bhakta trimUrti 101 Ave che. zrI devacaMdrajInuM AgamajJAna paNa tevuM ja adbhuta hatuM, te temanA ' AgamasAra' Adi graMtha parathI dekhAI Ave che; temaja nyAya viSayanI temanI tIkSNa paryAlAyanA prabhubhaktimAM temaNe karelI adbhuta pAramArthika nayaghaTanA Adi parathI jaNAI Ave che. ane sarva zAstrapAra gata nyAyAcAya zrI yazevijayajI teA nyAyanA khAsa niSNAta tajUnu (specialist) hatA, eTale nyAyane emaNe yathAceAgya nyAya ApyA hoya e samucita ja che. teozrIe khATI aDAIthI nahi paNa pUrepUrA AtmavizvAsathI peAtAne mATe eka sthaLe dAvA karyAM che ke vANI vAcaka jaza taNI, kAI naye na adhUrI hai.' e akSare akSara pratyakSa satya che, tenI pratIti ApaNane temanA nyAyasaMbadhI - danaviSayaka graMthA parathI thAya che. : - ane adhyAtmanyatra viSayamAM paNa A bhakta trimUrtie asAdhAraNa adbhuta pragati sAdhI hatI. yogIrAja AnaMdaghanajI tA adhyAtmamAga mAM ekA ane ati ucca dazAne pAmelA jJAnI puruSa hatA, te temanAM stavanA ane padamAM dekhAI AvatI anubhavanI jhalaka parathI dekhAI Ave che. meTAM moTAM vyAkhyAna dvArA dhruvanArA vAcaspationAM vyAkhyAnethI ana taNeA bedha te AnaMda zrImAn AnaMdadhanajInI ekAda sIdhI, sAdI, saceSTa ne svayaMbhU vacanapaMktithI Upaje che. e ja emanuM ekreka anubhavacana harA graMthA karatAM kevuM baLavAna che te batAvI Ape che. ane A paramAguru Ana dhanajInA pagale adhyAtmayAga viSayamAM ghaNA AgaLa vadhelA zrI yaze|vijayajIe paNa temanI uttama prasAdI ApaNane adhyAtmasAra', 'adhyAtma upaniSad', 'khatrIza batrIzI,' 'yeAgaSTi sajjhAya' Adi emanA cira jIva kIrtisthaMbha samA aneka mahAgra thA dvArA ApI che. pAtaMjala Adi yAga sAthe maitrIbharyAM samanvaya sAdhatAM A adhyAtmaviSayaka graMtharatnA e adhyAtma viSayamAM chellAmAM chellA zabda che, most up-to-date che, adhyAtmasaMbadhI sa * * *

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102 jaina sAhitya samAroha viSayane te jANe mahAkeSa - khajAno che. adhyAtmapariNuta mahAyegI devacaMdrajI paNa kevA aMtarAmapariNAmI hatA. te temanI stavanAvalImAM prahavatI sahaja suprasanna adhyAtmadhArA parathI, ane adhyAtmagItA-dravyaprakAza Adi temanAM kIrtikalaza samAM graMtharanethI supratIta thAya che. Ama, gadaSTirUpa divya nayanathI paramArthamaya jinamArganuM darzana karI A divya draSTAoe pitAnA saMgItamaya divya dhvanithI A divya jinamArganuM ApaNane darzana karAvyuM che. A divya dhavani eTalI badhI amRtamAdhurIthI bharelo che ke tenuM pAna karatAM tRpti thatI nathI. zAMta sudhArasa-jalanidhi evo A divya nAda akhUTa rasavALA akSayanidhi che. A bhakta trimUrtine divya dhvani haju te ne tevo tAjo saka jano sAMbhaLe che, ane niravadhi kALa paryata sAMbhaLaze ! vahAvI che jeNe sarasa saritA bhaktirasanI, vahAvI che dhArA amRtamaya AtmAnubhavanI; jagAvI che jegAnala taNuM dhUNuM jAgatI jaze, trimUrti jegIndro praNamuM jasa ti jhagajhage.

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jJAna, karma ane bhakti mA. amRtalAla ge pANI jJAna ane kriyAmAM prathama sthAna jJAnane ApyuM che kAraNa ke zAstronI jANakArI na hoya te AcaraNanI dizA nakakI karI zakAtI nathI. zAstro paNa bhagavAnanAM bhAkhelAM che ane eTale emAM mokSanI cAvI rahelI che. jagatanA upakAra mATe karuNAbhAve e kahevAmAM AvyAM che: "huM A rIte bUjhayo chuM ane tame paNa IcchA hoya te A rIta ajamAvI bUjho" evuM e saMta-mahAtmAo UMce hAtha karI jagata sAMbhaLe tema belyA che. dayA, dAna, paropakAra, sevA vagere dharmanA prakAra che evuM jANIe chIe eTale ja ApaNe e pramANe vatIe chIe. paNa jANatA ja na hota to ? " paTama nANuM tao dayA" A zAstravAkyathI paNa A abhivAcita thAya che. dareke pitAne AptapuruSa pasaMda karavAnuM che enuM paNa A ja rahasya che, kAraNa ke ApaNe je vicArI na zakIe e ApaNA AptapuruSe ApaNA mATe vicAryuM che. teo siddha, buddha, mukta hatA tema ApaNe paNa temanA pagale cAlI vicArI zakIe ane kAlAMtare paNa emanA jevA banI zakIe. ApaNe chadmastha chIe eTale ApaNuM jJAna paNa maryAdita che, eTale amaryAdita jJAna dharAvatA evA ApaNuM AptapuruSanA jJAnanA prakAzamAM ApaNe ApaNI jIvanayAtrA gALIe te nyAla thaI jaIe. paraMtu ekaluM jJAna zA kAmanuM ? aMdha-paMgu nyAye jJAna ane kriyAbanene levAnA che. banne vacce parasparane sahakAra nahi hoya te dhyeyane siddha karI zakAze nahi. jJAna bhArarUpa na thavuM joIe. arthAta e DubADanAruM na bane, paNa tAranAruM bane e jovAnuM che.

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104 jaina sAhitya samArAha jJAnIe AmajanatAnA guru che paNa saMtanA, mahAtmAnA ke sadAcArIenA nahi. kabIrajIe kahyuM che : brAhmana guru huM jagatakA, sAdhUnakA guru nAhi; ulaja pulaja kara ri rahyA, cAreAM beTheluM mAMhi.' ahIMyAM brAhmaNa ane vedo upara arthAt brAhmaNa dharmAM upara kabIrajIe prahAra karyAM che evA a levAne nathI. brAhmaNa' zabdane jJAnInA ane veda' zabdane dharmazAstranA arthamAM kazmIjIe prayukta karyAM che emaja samajavAnuM che. kazmIrajI keAI dharmanA pakSapAtI ke virAdhI nahAtA. emanA peAtAnAM ja AgavAM bhatavyA ane vicArasaraNI hatAM, jene mATe pachInAM mANase e 'korpa'tha' zabda yeAjye che. enA yAtrikA eTale kabIrapathI. je dharmanA je aza sAthe kabIrajI saMmata thaI zakatA naheAtA e azane anulakSIne emane peAtAne kahevA jevuM lAgyuM te kahyuM che. bhASA jozIlI heAvAne kAraNe ApaNane e cAbakhA jevI lAge, para`tu e tA ApaNI pratikriyA che, pratibhAva che. emA Azaya te zuddha ja hatA. kevaLa zuSka jJAnathI keTaluM nukasAna thAya che enuM kabIrajIne pUruM bhAna hatuM ane eTale ja emaNe uparanA 56mAM zuSka jJAnIone UdhaDA lIdhA che. kevaLa jJAnamAte avalaMbanArAo kevI rIte vAmamArgImAM lapasI paDavA che enA phlukti itihAsa ApaNe kAM nathI jANatA ? "jJAnapUta samArata ' e caraNamAM satyane DAMsIThAMsIne bharyuM che, jJAnayukta AcaraNa ane AcaraNuyukta jJAna banne ekasarakhAM ja sAcAM che. kevaLa vAtA karavI e havAmAM bAcakA bharavA barAbara che. enI asara paNa zI paDe ? pU. gAMdhIjI karaNI dvArA ja saMdeza vahAvatA, ApatA ane ene prabhAva keTaleA badhA paDatA ! atyAre pradhAna kahe che ghaNuM, para Mtu AcaraNamAM jUThuM ja, viruddha ja heAya che. karakasara karA ema kahetI vakhate pote lakhalUTa kharca karatA heAya che. tA 66

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105 jJAna, karma ane bhakti pachI AvA upadezane arthaze ? artha kaze ja nahi paNa UlaTe anartha ghaNe. tethI eka prakAranuM daMbhanuM vAtAvaraNa UbhuM thAya che. ane daMbhanI havA AtmAthI mATe sadA gUgaLAvanArI heya che. eTale ja kabIrajIe kahyuM ke vidvAna brAhmaNa) bhale AmajanatAnA guru bane, paNa e saMtanA, sAdhunA, mahAtmAnA guru te nahi ja banI zake. vidvAna vedane uthalAvI-uthalAvI aneka aTapaTA artho kADhaze, tAravaze. paNa ethI zuM vaLyuM ? e kAMI saMtapuruSane tole te theDeka ja AvI zakavAne hatA ? hRdayanA guNa AgaLa buddhinA guNa pANuM bhare che. pavitratA AgaLa paMDitAI phikkI lAge che. saMta AgaLa paMDitanI kAMI kiMmata nathI. pithI mAMhenA rIMgaNAM jevA paMDite tamAma zAstrone bhaNIbhaNune dhuraMdhara gaNAyA, vizArada gaNAyA, mahAmahopAdhyAyanI uccatama padavIne pAmyA, paraMtu hari sAthe heta na karI jANyuM. te pachI meLavyuM zuM ? kIrtinI kamANI karI chatAM e kamANIe kAyamanI yArI na ApI. bhaktinuM bhAthuM sAthe lIdhuM hoya te adhyAtmanI yAtrA pUrI karI zakAya, kIrtinA bAcakA bharavAthI nahi. zabdonAM jALAMjhAMkharAMmAM ane arthonI sUkI aTavImAM paMDitA aTavAI paDyA ane khetaro khUMdI vaLyA, paNa kyAM ya bhagavAnane bheTo na thayo. jyAre kabIre to hRdayamAM ja paramAtmAne pAmI gayo. potAnI prApti ane siddhinAM gAna-gANuM kabIrajIne nathI gAvAM. emane e ruce paNa nahi. chatAM bhAna bhUlelAMnI anukaMpA khAtara pitAne svAnubhava kahevAnI lAlacane kabIrajI nathI rokI zakatA. eTale e belI UThayAH cAra beda paMDite paDhacA, harisa kiyA na heta; bAla kabIrA le gayA, paMDita DhaMDhe kheta." zabdanA zilpIo Amatema bhaTakatA, rakhaDatA rahyA ane bhalebheLa, sIdhA, sAdo kabIre (bAla) bhAlakhajAna laI cAlya.

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106 jaina sAhitya samAroha jJAna upara kabIrajInI karaDI AMkha che evuM rakhe koI mAne. AvuM anumAna satyathI vegaLuM che. arthAta enA jevuM bIjuM kaI asatya nathI. emanA jamAnAmAM mAnavajAti bAhya kriyAkAMDamAM aTavAI gaI hatI. pUjA, pATha, TIlAM, TapakAM, snAna vagere kya eTale jaMga jItyA evuM mAnatA loko thaI gayA hatA. A paristhiti sAme kabIrajIne morace hato. kabIrajInuM kahevuM hatuM ke sadAcArI bane; bAhya upalakSaNe dhAraNa karyA tethI zuM thayuM ? dayA, dAna, sevA karo. sadAcAra kone kahe e jJAna dvArA, anubhava dvArA. AptanA upadeza dvArA nakkI kare. jANakArI vinA kene sadAcAra kahe ane kene durAcAra kahe enI zI rIte khabara paDaze ? mATe jJAna te sarva prathama jarUrI che. enI avagaNanA karI na zakAya. paraMtu jANIne besI rahevAthI zuM vaLe ? dUranA sthaLe khajAno che evuM jANyuM paraMtu tyAM sudhI javA mATe udyama to kare paDaze ke nahi ? eTale pahelI jarUra jJAnanI ane bIjI jarUra e pramANenA sadAcAranI, kevaLa kriyAkAMDanI ane vidhi-vidhAnanI nahi. are ! kriyAkAMDa paNa bhale rahyA, paraMtu sAthe sAthe ethI vadhAre jarUrata che sadAcAranI e na bhUle. paMDite dharma pothIo vAMce tyAre e pothIemAM kahevAmAM AveluM jANe ke pitAne mATe nathI paraMtu bIjAne mATe, sAMbhaLanArane mATe che evuM valaNa akhatyAra kare che e kadranuM che ema e kahetA hatA. e dharmopadezako mokSane jANe ke ijAre laIne beThA hoya evI rIte bedhaDaka vartatA. e vakhatanA jamAnAnI A tAsIra hatI ane kabIrajInI jehAda enI sAme ja hatI. sAmAnyapaNe pALavAnI AcArasaMhitA upadeSTA mATe eka ane sAMbhaLanAra mATe bIjI ema be prakAranI na hoI zake. e to ekasarakhI rIte banene ja lAgu paDe. satyanuM nirdAnta darzana paheluM pagathiyuM che. e cayA vinA

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jJAna, karma ane bhakti 107 khIjA pagathiyAM upara caDI nahi zakAya. bhajana vinA bhagavAna nahi eTaluM ya jo na jANatAM hAIe teA bhajana karaze. krANu ? eTale jJAnanI agatya sarvAMra - sathI vadhAre, sadAcArathI paNa vadhAre, evuM teA kakhIrajI paNa kahe che. paraMtu emaneA jheka jJAnanA tANAvANAmAM AcArane vIMTavAnA che. vidhi-vidhAne ke bAhya-sthUla kriyAkAMDa kSetravizuddhi mATe jarUranA khare. AlaMbana agatyanuM jarUra, paraMtu AlaMbanamAM ja paDyA rahevuM e sAme kakhIrajIe ziMgaDAM bharAvyAM che. jo pAMDityanI ja jarUra svIkArIzuM te bicArAM ochuM bhaNelAMnI zI dazA thaze ? ene tA mekSa thaze ja nahi ema ja ke ? kazmIrajIne meTeDa vAMdhA ane virodha A bAbata sAme che. emane tA sAmAnya mANasanuM hita haiye vaLagyuM che. e patinI dayA upara nabhe evuM kabIrajI tathI IcchatA. gaNyAgAMThayA bhASAvizAradA sAmenuM kabIrajInuM dharmayuddha hatuM. IzvaranAM ke Izvara jevAnAM guNagAna ga.vAthI kAMI daLadara jatuM nathI. e jAya che e pramANe karavAmAM AvelI niSkapaTa bhaktithI. e tA A leAkamAM mAnatA H zleAkAdhana pravakSyAmi yadukta thakeTibhiH parepakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam. pApa-puNyanI ma`grAhI vyAkhyA A blekamAM ApI dIdhI che. brahmAMDe aneka Ti che; devalAke ATalA che ane A leka catuIza rajavAtmaka che ane tIrthAMnI tathA purANAnI saMkhyA A evuM vigatavAra jANatAM na Uie ane bhagavAnanI bhaktithI chuTakAro meLavAya che eTaluM ja mAtra jANatAM heAIe tA ya ghaNuM che evA zmIrajInA matavya sAthe maLatA thayA vinA AreA nathI. che , sAmAnyapaNe eka bhrAmaka mAnyatAe ApaNAMmAM ghara ghAlyuM che ane te e ke bhakti karavI sahela che paNa jANakArI prApta karavI dethalI che. e sAme lAlabattI dharatAM kazmIrajI kahe che --

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108 jena sAhitya samAroha likhanA paDhanA cAturI, ye saba bAteM sahela; kAmadahana, mana vaza karana, gagana caDhane muzkela." kAmadeva eTale madana, anaMga, manasija vagere vagere jANavuM, samAnArthaka zabdonI jANakArI hovI, zabdaSanuM jJAna hevuM te saheluM che, paraMtu e kAmadevane kema bALavA, manane kema vaza karavuM ane bhAvanI uttarottara vRddhi karatAM karatAM, guNasthAnakakramAroha siddha karatAM karatAM, chevaTe samAdhidazAmAM kevI rIte AvavuM - A kharekharuM agharuM che. kevaLa jJAnanI ja utkRSTatAne puraskartAo mATe kabIrajInuM A pada trIja locana ughADanAruM nIvaDe ema che. tAtparya to eka ja che ke jJAna ane bhakti - bane - ekasarakhAM ja Avazyaka che, ekasarakhAM ja kiMmatI che.

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ApaNuM bAlAvabodha padmazrI zrI kezavarAma kA. zAstrI madhyakAlIna gujarAtIne paricaya dharAvanArAone e have aparicita nathI rahyuM ke bhale padyasAhityanI daSTie ghaNA ochA pramANamAM chatAM vividha prakAranuM gadyasAhitya I. sa.nI teramI sadInA uttarArdhathI jANavAmAM AvyuM che. (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA "gujarAtI sAhityane itihAsa -graMtha 1 mAM "gadya' e zIrSakathI De. bhogIlAla ja, sAMDesarA taraphathI ane sva. mehanalAla dalIcaMda desAInA "jaina gurjara kavionA graMthamAM Ane vize mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che.) gadyanA kheDANanA viSayamAM jaina tema jainetara lekhake ane anuvAdakee sArI mahenata karI che. "pRthavIcaMdra carita" ane keTalAMka varNa kemAM te ApaNane suMdara AlaMkArika gadya paNa maLe che. jaina ane jainetara anuvAdakAe eka bIjo prakAra paNa Ape che te saMskRta-prAkRta graMthanA zabdArtha ApavAno. jaina hAthapratamAM pAnAMonI beu bAjunI pUThI upara thoDe thoDe aMtare mULa graMthanI paMktio lakhavAmAM AvI che ane dareka paMktinA uparanA kerA bhAgamAM pratyeka zabdano artha ApavAmAM Avyo che. A prakAranI hAthapratAne "Ta" evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. e zabdArtha uparathI gadyapakti ApaNe tAravI zakIe. jenetara racanAono paNa prAyaH jaina anuvAdakene hAthe AvA TabA kyAMka kyAMka jovA maLe che. jesalamerathI lAvelA eka guTakAmAM bhartRharinAM zatake A prakArano anuvAda jovA maLe che. saraLa zabdArtha ApavAmAM Avela hoya tevA "gItagoviMda'nA gujarAtI anuvAda kavacita jainetaronA karelA paNa jovA maLe che. bhakta kavi

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110 jaina sAhitya samAroha dayArAme pitAnA ja vrajabhASAnA "satasaiyA'nI AvI TIkA lakhelI prasiddha thayelI che. TIkAnA gadyano A prakAra-jene ane jenetaroneviziSTa kahI zakAya evuM che. ahIM je sUcavavAne mATe prayatna che te to eka cokkasa prakArane gadyaprakAra, jaina (anuvAdako karatAM nirUpA" kahI zakAya tevA graMthakArene hAthe kheDAyo che tenA vize che. saddagata munizrI jinavijayajI mahArAje gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI 1931mAM "prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbha prasiddha karela temAM 14mI sadInA uttarArdhanA zrI taruNaprabhano "myakatva ane bAra vratane bAlAvabodha(amuka pasaMda karela khaMDa) ane 15mI sadInA zrI somasuMdarasUrine "yogazAstra bAlAvabodha' (amuka pasaMda karela khaMDa)A be namUnA pasaMda karyA hatA. Do. caMbakalAla na. davee potAnA DokaTareTanA viSaya tarIke 1935mAM dharmadAsagaNine upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha saMpAdita karI prasiddha kare che, to De. sAMDesarAe SaSTizataka' uparanA zrI somasuMdarasUri ane merunaMdanasarinA bAlAvabedha prasiddha karelA che. Do. sAMDesarAnuM yazedhakRta "paMcAkhyAna bAlAvabodha" e saMpAdana paNa noMdhapAtra che. bAlAvabodhanI viziSTatA e che ke saMskRta-prAkRta graMthanI paMktione zabdArtha ApavAnI sAthesAtha prasaMge prasaMge emAM daSTAMtakathAo ApavAmAM Avela che. A prakAramAM ApaNane gujarAtI gadyane vikAsa paNa jovA maLe che. A prakAra cheka 19mI sadI sudhI kheDAyelo che ane saMpAdakIya daSTie e lagabhaga upekSita rahyo che ema kahI zakAya zrI somasuMdarasUrinA "upadezamAlA paDAvazyaka yogazAstra ArAdhanApatAkA navatatva ane bhaktAmaratra" uparanA bAlAvabedha vyavasthita rIte saMpAdita karI prasiddha karavAnI AvazyakatA che. A bAlAvabodhe, daSTAMtakathAo - AjanI paribhASAmAM TUMkI vArtAono vikAsa rajU karI ApatA hoI jema upayogI che, tema

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111 ApaNuM bAlAvabodha enA karatAM paNa zabdasaMgrahanI dRSTie khUba mahattvanA che; gadyane vikAsa to e Ape ja che. gametema upADIne nahi, paNa racanAnI AnupUvanI rIte kramika graMthamALAnA rUpamAM, aprasiddha tema khaMDazaH prasiddha, bAlAvabedhanA saMpAdananuM kArya vahelAmAM vaheluM zarU karAvavuM joIe. A dizAmAM amadAvAdanuM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira (insTiTayuTa oNpha inDoleja) kAma zarU kare to tyAM aneka madhyakAlIna bAlAvabodha, kartAnAM nAmavALA tema nAma vinAnA paNa, saMgrahAyelA paDyA che. A dizAmAM vyavasthita kAma karI zake tevA vidvAna saMpAdake paNa ApaNI pAse che. evA vidvAnone nimaMtrIne A kAma upADI levA jevuM che. je ema thAya te to gujarAtI madhyakAlIna sAhityanI ucca prakAranI sevA saphaLatAne varaze,

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jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 5. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jaina sAhityane jyAre ApaNe anya sAhityathI judu` pADIe chIe tyAre te zAthI ? -A prazna che. Ane uttara e che ke bhAratIya sAhityamAM veTTathI mAMDIne je sAhitya racAyuM che temAM jene ApaNe jaina sAhitya tarIke oLakhIe chIe te anya vaidika sAhityathI juduM che. tenuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke jyAre anya sAhitya - vizeSe dhArmika sAhitya - vaimUlaka che eTale ke vedane pramANa mAnIne racAyuM che, jyAre jene ApaNe jaina sAhitya kahIe chIe tenA prAraMbha ja vaidanA prAmANyanA virAdhane kAraNe thayA che. A virAdha prArabhamAM be rIte praznaTa thAya che : eka tA bhASAne kAraNe, ane khIjo pratipAdya vastune kAraNe. - vaidika sAhityanI bhASA je ziSTamAnya saMskRta hatI tene badale jaina sAhityanA prArabha prAkRta, eTale ke leAkabhASAthI thayA. vedyAe ane tenI bhASAe mantra' nuM pada prApta karyuM hatuM. tethI tenA uccAraNa AdimAM kaze! bheda thavA na joIe. ane tenA vidhipUrvakanA uccAramAtrathI kAryasiddhi thavAnI dhAraNA vaiAimAM badhAI hatI. AnA virAdhamAM jaina sAhitye peAtAnI bhASA prAkRta svIkArI ane tIthaMkarA leAr3AnI bhASA ardha mAdhimAM upadeza Ape che tevI mAnyatA sthira thaI. eTale prArabhika jaina sAhityanI racanA prAkRtamAM ja thaI che te cheka IsAnI ceAthI sadI sudhI te ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. pazu jyAre gupta kALamAM saMskRta bhASA ane vaidika dharmanuM

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113 jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA punarutthAna thavA lAgyuM tyAre jainoe paNa potAnA sAhitya mATe prAkRta uparAMta saMskRta bhASAne paNa apanAvI. te eTale sudhI ke mULa jaina AgamenI TIkAo gadya ke padyamAM prAkRtamAM lakhAtI hatI tene badale IsAnI AThamI sadInA prAraMbhathI to saMskRtamAM lakhAvA lAgI ane pachI kadIye TIkAo prAkRtamAM lakhAI ja nahIM. ane eka vAra paraMparAmAM saMskRta bhASAno praveza thaye eTale sAhityanA badhA prakAromAM prAkRtane badale mukhyapaNe saMskRtane apanAvavAmAM AvI. A te bhASAnI vAta thaI. have ApaNe pratipAdya vastu vize vicArIe. veda, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSadonA kALa pachInuM ja jaina sAhitya ApaNane maLe che e nirvivAda che. eTale vaidika sAhityanA prabhAvathI sarvathA mukta evuM jaina sAhitya zakya ja nathI. paNa vaidika dharmanI je niSThA hoya, je siddhAto hoya temAMthI jaina sAhitya kyAM juduM paDe che, e ja vicAravAnuM prApta thAya che. prAraMbhamAM evuM banyuM che ke vaidika vicArane ja keTalIka bAbatamAM apanAvavAmAM Avyo. paNa kALakrame temAM parivartana AvyuM. udAharaNa tarIke, AcArAMgamAM AtmAnA pAramArthika svarUpanA nirUpaNamAM vaidika vicAra ja nahIM, tenI paribhASA paNa apanAvavAmAM AvI, paNa kALakrame temAM parivartana karavAmAM AvyuM, jyAre ema mAlUma paDavuM ke jainasaMmata svataMtra vicAra sAthe vedasaMmata AtmasvarUpane samagra bhAve meLa nathI. ' . AcArAMgamAM eka bAju ema kahevAmAM AvyuM ke AmAM saMsAramAM paribhramaNa kare che. A maulika vicAranI sAthe AtmAnI vidikasaMmata vyApakatAne meLa saMbhavita ja nathI. AthI AtmAne deha parimANa rUpe svIkArIne tenI vedasaMmata vyApakatAno niSedha karyo. ene pariNAme AcArAMgamAM je ema kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke AtmA .

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114 jaina sAhitya samA rAha nathI dIdhuM ke hasya, tene badale tene hrasva-dIrgha svIkAravAmAM AvyA ane te sa MsArI AtmA pUratuM ja maryAkti na rahyuM paNa siddha AtmAmAM paNa svIkArI levuM paDayu. vaidika vicAramAM upaniSada sudhImAM samagra vizvanuM mULa kAI eka tattva che, AvI vicAraNAne puSTa karavAmAM AvI che. arthAt je ekamAtra brahma ke AtmA ja vizvaprapaMcanA mULamAM che evI vicAraNa vaiddikAmAM dRDha thatI AvI ane upaniSademAM te vicArane aMtima rUpa ApavAmAM AvyuM. paNa jaina AgameAmAM citta ane acitta, athavA cittama ta ke acittama ta, athavA jIva ane ajIvaA be tatttA ja svIkAravAmAM AvyAM che. vaLI A vizvanI utpattinI vicAraNA vaidika sAhityamAM thaI hatI. ane Izvara jevA alaukika tattvanI pratiSThA vaidikAe karI hatI. tene sthAne A vizva anAdi kALathI vidyamAna che ane anAgatamAM rahevAnuM che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNu jyAre Ama che tyAre adhinAyaka Izvara jevA tattvane paNa asvIkAra e jaina tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA che, je jaina sAhityamAM sArA pramANamAM pragaTa thatI rahI che. karmanI pratiSThA yajJakarUpe mukhyatve vaidikAmAM hatI. sArAMza ke yajJakarma svIkAra vaizvikAmAM hatA. 'paraMtu samagra prakAranAM ka ane tenAM phaLanI carcA atyaMta gauNa hatI. ethI ja ka siddhAMtanI carcA upaniSada sudhI teA guvidyA hatI, jenI carcA sau samakSa nahI' paNa ekAMtamAM karavI paDatI. yajJakanI pratiSThA upaniSadamAM ghaTADavAmAM AvI ane tene sthAne jJAnamArganI pratiSThA karavA prayatna karavAmAM AvyA. paNa ka'ne nAme yajJakamanI pratiSThAnuM nirAkaraNa jaina sAhityamAM spaSTa che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ka`vicAraNA AgavI rIte jaina sAhityamAM dekhAya che. temAM prathama teA e ke AtmAnI vizuddhi mATe ke AtmasAkSAtkAra mATe mAtra jJAnanuM ja

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jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 115 mahattva nahIM paNa jJAna ane kriyA baMnenuM sarakhuM mahattava che ema spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM. ahI kriyA eTale satkarma athavA sadAcaraNa samajavAnuM che. upaniSadee jJAnamArganI pratiSThA karavA mATe prayatna karyA, paNa sadAcAra ke sadAcaraNa zuM, tenuM joIe tevuM spaSTIkaraNa te sAhityamAM dekhAtuM nathI. AthI ja parigrahanA vyApa vize ke hiMsAnA pApa vize upaniSade ApaNAM mArgadarzaka banI zake tema nathI. jyAM badhuM ja AtmasvarUpa hoya tyAM koNa kone mAre ane ke zuM ke cheDe ? - AvI vicAraNAne bahu avakAza rahetA nathI, AthI sadAcAranAM je dhAraNa jaina sAhityamAM sthApavAmAM AvyAM te vaidika sAhityamAM je upaniSada sudhI vikasyuM hatuM temAM e dharaNenI kaI vizeSa carcA jovA maLatI nathI. jyAre jaina sAhityamAM te e dharaNenI ja mukhya carcA tenA prAraMbhika sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. ane je dhoraNa temAM sthapAyAM tenI ja puSTi arthe samagra jaina dhArmika sAhitya prayatnazIla rahyuM che. ane tenI chApa upaniSada pachInA vedika vADamayamAM paNa jovA maLe che. karmavicAraNAmAM jaina sAhityanI AgavI vizeSatA e che ke karma karanArane tenuM phaLa e karma ja Ape che, vedika mate yajJakarmamAM tenA phaLa mATe prathama devanI apekSA hatI paNa pachI to e devatAne maMtramayI svIkAravAmAM AvyAM ane tethI karmanuM phaLa vAstavika devatAne adhIna na rahyuM paNa maMtrane adhIna rahyuM. AthI maMtranA sAtAnuM mahatva vadhyuM ane teo ja sarvazaktisaMpanna manAvA lAgyA. A paristhitine sAmane jaina sAhityamAM be rIte thayo : eka to e ke e maMtranI zaktinuM nirAkaraNa, saMskRta bhASAnuM ja nirAkaraNa karI karavAmAM AvyuM, ane bIjuM e ke maMtramAM evI koI zaktine asvIkAra ja karI devAmAM AvyuM ane tene sthAne karmamAM ja phaLadAyinI zaktine svIkAra karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama, karma karanAranuM

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jaina sAhitya samAroha 116 ja karmanA mULa aMge mahattva thayuM eTale je jevuM kare tenuM tevuM phaLa te pAme. A vAta siddhAMtarUpe thaI. A rIte karyAMnuM phaLa devAnI zakti devatA ke Izvara ke ma MtramAM nahI" paNa ekamAM ja che, jene lIdhe phaLa che A siddhAMta sthira thayA. eTale svayaM manuSya ja zaktisa`panna thayA. manuSya ja nahIM, paNa sa'sAranA samagra jIvA peAtAnAM kamane mATe svataMtra thayA. Ama, jIvane tenA svAtaMtryanI oLakhANu sarvaprathama jaina sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. A siddhAMtathI e paNu phalita thayuM ke saMsAramAM A jIva tenAM peAtAnAM ja karmane kAraNe bhramaNa kare che ane du:khI thAya che. tenA paramA paNe anya kAI vyakti kAraNa nathI. ane jo Ama che teA tenA zAzvata sukha mATe teNe pote ja prayatna karavAnA che. tene bIjo koI sukha ApI devAne nathI. te te! teNe peAtAnA aMtaramAMthI ja meLavavAnuM che ane tenA upAya che kavihIna thavuM te. -- - jainAnuM prAcInatama pustaka 'AcArAMga' che ane emAM kavihIna kema thavuM jethI sa`sAranuM paribhramaNa TaLe ane parama sukhanI nirvANaavasthA prApta thAya te samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vaidikAnA karmakAMDI yajJamA ane upaniSadeAnA jJAnamA`thI A mAga eTale ke 3 vihIna thavAne A mArga -- sAva nirALA che, sAmAyika athavA samabhAvane siddhAMta karmAvihIna thavAne mArga che. tadanusAra sa vA samAna che. eTale ke kAine duHkha gamatuM nathI, kAIne mRtyu gamatuM nathI, saune sukha game che, jIvavuM game che, mATe evuM kazuM na kare jethI bIjAne du:kha thAya. A che sAmAyika ane taneA sauprathama upadeza . bhagavAna mahAvIre ja ApyA che ema 'sUtrakRtAMga'mAM spaSTIkaraNa che. AvA sAmAyika mATe sarvasvanA tyAga karA tA ja bIjAnAM duHkhanA tame nimitta nahIM bane, eTale ke .

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jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 117 gharasaMsArathI virakta thAva ane bhikSAthI jIvana pAvana karo ema kahyuM che. gharasaMsAra mAMDyo hoya to aneka prakAranAM karmo karavAM paDe che, je bIjAne duHkhadAyaka che. AthI bIjAnAM duHkhanuM nimitta na banavuM hoya te saMsArathI virakta thavuM e ja sAco mArga che. bhikSAvI thavAnI paNa maryAdA e che, ke je kAMI pitAne nimitte thayuM hoya tene svIkAra na ja karo, kAraNa ke AthI pote hisA bhale na karato heya paNa bIjA pAse e karAvatA hoya che. pariNAme AhAra Adi AvazyakatAomAM maryAdA mUkavI paDe ane tapasvI banavuM paDe. AthI ApaNe joIe chIe ke jaina dharmamAM tapasyAnuM mahattva sthApita thayuM. vaidikAmAM bhikSAjavI mATe AvI keI maryAdA nathI. bauddhomAM paNa nathI, ane anya zramaNa saMpradAyamAM paNa nathI. AthI jaina sAhityamAM anazana Adi tapasyAne vizeSa mahattva apAyuM che. tapasyA te pUrve paNa thatI. paraMtu te bIjA prakAre eTale ke e tapasyAmAM bIjA jIvonAM duHkhano vicAra na hatuM, jema ke paMcAgni tapasyA. AmAM pitAnA zarIrane kaSTa che enI ne nahIM, paNa anya kITapataMgane paNa kaSTa che tenuM jarA paNa dhyAna temAM apAyuM nathI. agni AdimAM chavo che ene to vicAra sarakhe paNa jaina sAhitya pUrvamAM thayo ja nathI. AthI ja "AcArAMgamAM sarvaprathama SaDUjIvanikAyanuM svarUpa batAvavuM jethI jene ahiMsaka banavuM hoya, paraduHkhadAyaka na banavuM hoya teNe e te jANavuM ja joIe ke jIvo kyAM kevA che. e jANayA vinA anya jIvonA kaSTane khyAla ja na Ave. e jANyA hoya te pachI ja manuSya hiMsaka banI zake. Abha, tapasyAnuM rUpa ja badalAI gayuM jene prAraMbha jaina sAhityamAMthI 18 maLI zakaze. vaLI A tapasyAne uddeza kaI zakti prApta karI bIjAnuM

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118 jaina sAhitya sAha bhaluM-bUruM karavuM e nathI, paNa ekamAtra Atmavizuddhi ja tenuM dhyeya che. saMgraha karela karmane kSaya karavAmAM ja tene upayoga che, jethI zIdhra karmavihIna thaI zakAya. dhArmika sadAcAranI eka vizeSatA e paNa che ke dhArmika anuchAna e vyaktigata che, sAmUhika nathI. yajJo je thatA te purehitane Azraya ke sahAya vinA thatA nahIM, paNa jaina dharmamAM dhArmika koI paNuM anuSThAna hoya te vyaktigata ja hoya, sAmUhika na hAya - bhale jIvo samUhamAM rahetA hoya. eka ThekANe ekatra thaI dhArmika anuSThAna karatAM hoya, paNa te anuSThAna te vaiyaktika ja rahevuM joIe. AvI jaina dharmanI prAraMbhika mAnyatA hatI. chava pite ja pitAne mArga, darzaka che ane mArge cAlanAra paNa che. bIjo preraka heva tevuM bane, paNa preraNuM prApta karI anuSThAna te vyaktie ja karavAnuM rahe che. AthI e preraka e tIrthakara thayA, dharmAnuSThAnane mArga karI ApanAra thayA, paNa temanA batAvela mArge javAnuM kAma te sAdhakanuM ja nizcita thayuM. AthI IzvaranuM sthAna jaina sAhityamAM tIrthakare lIdhuM, je mAtra mArgadarzaka ke mArgakAraka che, paNa teo bIjAnuM kalyANa karavA ke tene daMDa devA zaktimAna nathI. temane AzIrvAdathI kazuM yAya nahIMpaNa temanA dekhADelA mArge cAlIne ja keI pitAnuM kalyANa karI zake che. Ama, bhakti kharI paNa te ekapakSIya bhakti jaina sAhityamAM pratiSThita thaI. e bhaktimAM levaDadevaDa nathI, mAtra AdarzanI upasthiti che. Ama, jaina darzanamAM IzvaranI ke bhagavAnanI samagrabhAve navI ja ka5nA upasthita thaI ane enI puSTi samagra jaina sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. jenee vedikanI jema aneka maMdire, pUja Adi bhakti nimitte UbhAM karyA paNa temAM birAjamAna bhagavAna vItarAgI che eTale e bhaktanI bhaktithI prasanna paNa nathI thatA ane abhaktithI nArAja paNa nathI thatA. mAna bhagavAna vibhakita maLe che

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jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 119 A prakAranI keTalIka maulika vizeSatAothI "Agama' nAme oLakhAtuM jaina sAhitya samRddha che. e sAhityanI je TIkAo racAI temAM maulika dhAraNAo te kAyama ja rahI, paNa je kaThera AcaraNanI apekSA mULamAM rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI tenuM pAlana sahaja na hatuM ane vaLI dharma jyAre eka samUhano dharma bane che, tenA anuyAyIone eka vizALa samAja bane che, tyAre tene molika kaThora AcaraNamAM deza, kALa ane paristhiti pramANe parivartana karavuM paNa anivArya bane che. ane te mATenI sagavaDa mULa AgamanA TIkAkAroe karI ApI che. ahiMsA AdinI je maulika vicAraNuM hatI temAM bAMdhachoDa paNa karI ApI che. te tyAM sudhI ke e bAMdhache evI banI gaI ke gItAnI ahiMsA ane jaina AgamanI TIkAnI ahiMsAmAM vizeSa bheda rahyo nahIM. Ama, paristhitie palaTo khAdho temAM paNa bhagavAna mahAvIre yajJa AdimAM je AtyaMtika hiMsA hatI tenA sthAne AtyaMtika ahiMsAnuM pratipAdana karyuM hatuM. te have DhIluM paDyuM. be saMtane aMta bahu lAMbe kALa Take nahIM e hakIkata che, eTale chevaTe madhyabhAgIya ahiMsA paNa thaI ane hiMsA paNa madhyamamArge AvIne UbhI rahI; dharmAcaraNamAM yajJonA anuSThAnamAMthI hiMsA lagabhaga nirasI thaI, tema ahiMsAnA ati kaThora mArgamAMthI ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa paNa madhyama mArge AvIne UbhuM rahyuM. "ati sarvatra varjayet ne siddhAMta ja chevaTe svIkArya bane che, te A AtyaMtika hiMsA ane AtyaMtika ahiMsAnA mAM paNa jovA maLe che. pUrvavaNita jena nidAone AdhAra banAvI Agametara sAhitya vipula pramANamAM racAyuM che. tenuM ekamAtra dayeya ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigrahane puSTa karavAnuM che. jaina AcAryoe lalita vADamayanuM paNa je kheDANa karyuM ane te najIvuM nathI- temAM

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jaina sAhitya samAroha paNa A maulika dhyeyane teo bhUlyA nathI. zugArapradhAna kRti race paNa tenuM chevaTa te sAdhune AcAra svIkAravAmAM Ave ane tene pariNAme mokSa jevA parama dhyeyanI prAptimAM paryavasAna heya, ane bIje pakSe je hisA Adi dUSaNe heya to tenuM pariNAma narakayAtanA dekhADavAmAM Ave. Ama, saddaguNanI pratiSThA ane saguNanuM nirAkaraNa - A dhyeya svIkArIne bhAratIya sAhityamAM ajoDa evuM kathA-sAhitya jaina AcAryoe madhyakALathI mAMDIne Aja sudhI ApyuM che. e samagra sAhityanA vivaraNanuM A sthAna nathI. mAtra tene sUra kayo che e ja jANavuM ApaNe mATe basa che. - jena AcArano pAyo je sAmAyika che, te jaina vicAra athavA darzanane pAye nayavAdathI niSpanna anekAntavAda che. pratye samabhAva e je AcAramAM sAmAyika heya te vibhinna vicAra pratye AdaranI bhAvanA keLavavI hoya te nayavAda anivArya che. arthAta vicAramAM samabhAva e jaina darzanane paNa pAye mAnIe te ucita ja gaNAze. AthI prAcInatama nahIM evA AgamamAM pachInA kALe je dravyArthika payArthika na pravezyA te vaicArika samabhAvanI mahattA samajAvavAnI dRSTithI ja pravezyA haze tema mAnavuM rahyuM. Ama zAthI mAnavuM tenI thoDI carcA jarUrI che eTale ahIM karuM to asthAne nahIM lekhAya. kAraNa bhAratIya darzanamAM vivAda nahIM paNa saMvAda lAvavAne je mahAna prayatna jaina dArzanikoe karyo che te abhUtapUrva che emAM saMdeha nathI. jaina darzananuM ke dArzanika sAhityanuM vAstavika nirmANa kyAre thayuM ? to tene javAba che ke te AcArya umAsvAtinA tatvArthasUtrathI te pUrve anya bhAratIya darzanomAMnA vicAranI vyavasthA caI cUkI hatI. tenuM samarthana paNa thaI rahyuM hatuM ane te Aja lagI cAlu ja che, tenA ucita samarthana sAthe jyAM sudhI be

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jaina sAhityagata prAraMbhika niSThA 121 virodhI upasthiti thAya nahIM, tyAM sudhI nayavAdane avakAza ja nathI. tatvArthasUtragata jaina tattanI vyavasthAnuM samarthana karavuM jarUrI hatuM ane tenA samarthanamAMthI ja nayavAdane udaya thayo jene pariNAme jenone anekAntavAda dArzanika kSetre pracalita banyo. AcArya siddhasene bhAratIya vividha dArzanika maMtavyanI "saMmatitaka mAM phALavaNI vividha namAM karIne anekAntavAdane mArga mokaLo karI Ape. eTale tenA vistArarUpe AcArya mallavAdIe nayacakranI racanA karIne e batAvavA prayatna karyo, ke bhAratIya darzanamAM eka-aneka Adi, ke sakAya Adi, ke puruSa-niyativAda Adi, ke dhruva-adhruva Adi, ke vAcya-avAcya Adi, je je vividha maMtavyo che, te eka ja vastune vividha daSTie jovAnA mAge che. te saMpUrNa satya nathI. paNa AMzika ApekSika satya che. e badhA parasparanA virodhI vAdamAM pitAnI daSTine ja sAcI mAnavAthI ane virodhIonI daSTine mithyA mAnavAthI virodha dekhAya. paNa e badhI daSTione, e badhA vAdene svIkAravAmAM Ave to ja vastunA saMpUrNa satyadarzana pratye pragati sadhAya. AvuM siddha karavA temaNe te te pratyeka vAdanI sthApanA ane anya dvArA, utthApanA batAvI. saune prabaLa ane nirbaLa dekhADavA prayatna karyo che ane tethI ja te te vAdIe pitAnI ja nahIM paNa anyanI dRSTine paNa svIkAravI anivArya che ema siddha karavA prayatna karyo che, ane e prakAre nayavAdathI niSpanna anekAntavAda vastunuM samagrabhAve yathArtha darzana karAvavA samartha che ema siddha karyuM che. mallavAdIe sthApelI A jaina dArzanika nikAne AdhAre samagra jaina dArzanika sAhityanuM kheDANa thayuM che, ane bhAratIya dArzanikonA saMvAda sthApI ApavA prayatna thaye che. dhArmika ane dArzanika uparAMta vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, nATaka, saMgIta, nRtya Adi vividha sAhityanI laukika vidyAmAM paNa

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122 jaina sAhitya samArela jenenuM pradAna najIvuM nathI te jaina sAhitya eTalA ja mATe che ke te jenoe racyuM che, paNa vAstavika rIte tene jaina dharma ke niSThA sAthe kaze saMbaMdha nathI. eTale te sAhitya, paNa enA viSaye jena saMskRti pUratA ja sImita nathI. te sArvajanika che, sarvopagI che. mAtra jainanA vADAmAM tene bAMdhI zakAya nahIM. te eTalA mATe ke jaina sAhityanuM je mukhya lakSaNa ke eya che te AtmAne karmathI mukta thavAmAM sahAyaka bane ja - A lakSaNa te prakAranA laukika sAhityamAM maLatuM nathI tethI tene jaina sAhityamAM aMtargata karavuM Avazyaka nathI. mAtra vidvAnI te tarapha upekSA che tenA nivAraNa arthe tene paricaya jaina sAhityamAM apAya to te ucita ja che. prastuta vyAkhyAnamAM jaina sAhityanI je nikA che teno Ache paricaya ApavA prayatna che. A kAMI AkharI zabda nathI. vicArake vizeSa carcA-vicAraNA kare ane nirNaya upara Ave evI vinaMtI karuM te asthAne nathI.

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jaina sAhityanA adhyayana ane sazAdhana mATe karavA jevAM keTalAMka kAma ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI zrI jaina sAhitya samAreAhanuM A trIju adhivezana bharAI rahyuM che, tethI ema lAge che ke A saMsthA kAyamanuM rUpa dhAraNa karI rahI che. eTale jaina sAhityanuM adhyayana ane sa`AAdhana cAlu rahe emAM A saMsthA paNa peAtAne phALA ApI zake eTalA mATe mArA vicAre darzAvavAnuM mane avasarAcita lAge che. chellA traNepha dAyakA daramyAna bhAratanI brAhmaNa, bauddha ane jena e traNe dharma para parAnAM maulika dharmazAstro tathA judA judA viSayanA sAhityika graMtheAnA adhyayana tathA sazodhananI vigatAnI tapAsa karIe chIe, tA jaina dharma, tattvajJAna, itihAsa, kaLA, saMskRti vagere viSayeAnuM adhyayana tathA sazani kaMIka vadhAre pramANamAM thavA lAgyuM hoya evuM AhlAdakArI citra jovA maLe che. khIju` tA ThIka, paNa DAkTareTa( pIeca. DI. )nI DIgrI mATenA mahAnibadha mATe je viSayeAnI pasadagI karavAmAM Ave che, temAM jaina viSayeAne vadhAre sthAna maLatuM heAya ema lAge che, ane emAM bhAratIya jaina tathA anya abhyAsIe uparAMta videzanA vidvAneAnA paNa amuka pramANamAM samAveza thAya che. ww Ama thavAnuM kAraNa, kadAca, e hAI zake ke vaidika ke brAhmaNa tathA bauddha sa MskRtine lagatA sAhityanuM ApaNAM dezamAM tathA videzamAM eTalA vyApaka pramANamAM kheDANu eTale ke adhyayana tathA saMzodhana thayuM che ke emAM nahi kheDAyelAM arthAt navIna kahI zakAya

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124 jaina sAhitya samAroha evAM vidyAkSetro bhAgye ja rahyAM che; jyAre jaina vidyAne lagatA aneka viSayonuM talasparzI ane sarvagrAhI adhyayana ane saMzodhana thavuM hajI bAkI hevAthI, abhyAsIone potAnAM adhyayana-saMzodhanane mATe navA viSaye sahelAIthI maLI rahe che. A paristhiti jaina saMghane mATe ghaNI AvakAradAyaka gaNAya, eTale e dizAmAM paNa eNe pUratuM dhyAna ApavuM e dharmaktavyarUpa samajavuM joIe. A dizAmAM atyAre zuM zuM karavuM jarUrI che enI vicAraNAne AdhAre ghaNAM ghaNAM sUcane thaI zake, paNa ahIM te, keTalAya vakhatathI mArA cittamAM aMkita thayela, thoDAka muddAonuM sUcana karavuM ja iSTa che. te A pramANe che : () svanAmadhanya zrI mehanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe A yugamAM jaina sAhityanI je asAdhAraNa sevA karI hatI, tenuM mUlya AMkI. zakAya ema nathI. samayanA vItavA sAthe emanA graMthanuM mUlya ghaTavAne badale ke e visarAI javAne badale abhyAsIone enI upayogitA vizeSa samajAtI jatI hevAne kAraNe enI mAga hajI paNa cAlu ja che, e eka ja binA emanA graMthonI guNavattA batAvavA mATe pUratI che. A sthitimAM emaNe taiyAra karela, pracUra mAhitIthI sabhara ane atyAre alabhya banela "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta ItihAsa" nAme daLadAra graMtha, zakya hoya to jarUrI sudhArA-vadhArA sAthe, nahIM to ene mULa rUpamAM pharI chapAvavo joIe. A ja vAta "jaina gurjara kavio" nAme, cAra meTA graMtharUpe prakAzita thayela traNa khaMDonA punarmudraNa aMge paNa dhyAnamAM levA jevI bAbata che. A uparAMta jaina konpharansa heralDa', jaina yuga" vagere sAmayikomAM ke judAM judAM pustakanI prastAvanA rUpe pragaTa thayela emanAM lakhANo ghaNAM upayogI hovAthI ene saMgraha graMtharUpe pragaTa karavAmAM Ave e paNa jarUrI che.

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karavA jevAM keTalAMka kAma 125 (2) deza-videzamAM vikhyAta purAtattvAcArya zrI jinavijayajIe saMkhyAbaMdha graMtheAnA saMpAdakIya nivedaneArUpe, vistRta prastAvanAerUpe tathA svataMtra lekheArUpe je sAhityanuM sarjana karyu che te ghaNu pramANabhUta ane tAjagIbhayu che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jaina dharma, itihAsa ane sAMskRtinA adhyayana-adhyApana-sazodhana mATe, atyAre paNa pUrepUruM upayAgI tathA sImAcihnarUpa banI rahe evuM che. emanAM A lakhANA jema vividha viSayAne sparzatAM che, tema enuM pramANa ghaNuM vizALa che, eTale AvI ucca keATinI sAmagrI kALanA pravAhamAM lupta thaI jAya teA jaina vidyAnA adhyayanasaMzeAdhanane ghaNuM meATuM nukasAna thavAnuM che, e nizcita che. mATe e badhI sAmagrIne, veLAsara, graMthastha karI levAnI khAsa jarUra che. (3) videzamAM jaina vidyAnA adhyayana-sa`zAdhana aMge atyAra sudhI je kAma thayuM che, tenI temaja ApaNA dezanA jainetara vidvAnee paNa A dizAmAM je kAma karyu che tenI mAhitI eka ke e graMtharUpe pragaTa thavI joIe. -- [noMdha -- atyAre paNa deza-videzamAM A dizAmAM je kAma thaI rahyu che, tenI mAhitI samaye samaye pragaTa karavA eka mAsika nahI tA chevaTe traimAsika pragaTa karavuM joIe. ] (4) jaina adhyayana-sa MzodhananuM kAma sArI rIte cAlatuM rahe e mATe have pAyAnuM kahI zakAya evuM kAma e karavAnuM che ke prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI vagere prAcIna bhASAone abhyAsa, jaina sAdhu-munirAjo tathA sAjI mahArAjomAM sudhdhAM, ghaTatA Aya che. tenA badale enuM adhyayana vadhAre pramANamAM thavA lAge e dizAmAM vizeSa dhyAna ApIne jarUrI upAyA ceAjavAnI khAsa jarUra che.

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jaina sAhitya samAreha (5) jaina vidyAnA adhyayana-saMzAdhanane cAlu rAkhavA mATe bIjI pAyAnI jarUra che prAcIna lipine zuddha rUpe vAMcI zake ane prAcIna graMthAnI zuddha nakaleA karI zake evA lipivAkeA ane lahiyAo taiyAra thAya e mATe khAsa prayatna karavAnI ane pUratuM pretsAhana ApavAnI, kAraNa ke A viSayamAM nipuNatA dharAvanArAenI saMkhyA ghaTatI jAya che ane emanuM sthAna laI zake evI navI vyaktione taiyAra karavAnI jarUra tarapha hajI sudhI ApaNuM dhyAna gayuM nathI. 126

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina adhyayana : keTalIka carcA Do. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA sUrata eka aitihAsika nagara che. betraNa sikA pahelAM pazcima bhAratanuM e sahuthI samRddha ane AbAda baMdara hatuM, "naMdazaMkara jIvanacaritra'(pR. 14)mAM zrI vinAyaka mahetAe eka phArasI kahevatanuM gujarAtI rUpAMtara ApyuM che ke "jamIna cheDe che, vAri joDe che." e nyAye A sUrata baMdarane saMbaMdha samudramArge samagra sudharelI duniyA sAthe hato ane A AMtararASTrIya mahAnagaranAM bajAromAM jagatanA aneka dezonA nAgarikone meLo jAmata. "sUrata senAnI mUrata' kahevAI. paNa eNe ghaNA vArApherA ane caDatI paDatI joyAM che. AthI kavi narmade pitAnI A janmabhUmi pratye utkaTa lAgaNIthI gAyuM che: tApI dakSiNa taTe, surata muja ghAyala bhUmi; mane ghaNuM abhimAna, bhoMya tArI meM cUmI.", sUratanI aitihAsika bhUmimAM A sAMskRtika saMmelana maLe che. jUnA samayathI surata saMskRta vidyAnuM dhAma rahyuM che ane ethI, yogya rIte ja, ene "dakSiNa gujarAtanuM kAzI" kahevAmAM AvyuM che. sUratamAM ane AsapAsanA pradezamAM pArasI vidvAnee pArasI dharmagraMthanA saMskRta ane jUnI gujarAtI anuvAda karyA che ane emAMnA keTalAka muMbaInI pArasI paMcAyata taraphathI Collected Sanskrit writings of the Parsees" e zIrSaka nIce cha graMthamAM pragaTa thayA che. phArasI sAhitya ane arabI vidyAnuM paNa sUrata -

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128 jaina sAhitya samAroha kendra hatuM ane che. jaina vidyA ahIM khUba vikasI che. surata ane rAMderamAM ghaNA jaina graMtha- saMskRta, prAkRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAMracAyAM che tathA seMkaDo graMthanI hastaprato lakhAI che. jaina saMgha ke saMsthAo hastakanA saMkhyAbaMdha hastalikhita granthabhaMDAro sUratamAM che, jemAM jaina temaja anya paraMparAnI hajAra mUlyavAna hastaprata sacavAI che. arvAcIna kALamAM jaina Agama sAhityanI ekasAmaTI zAstrIya vAcanAnA saMpAdana ane prakAzananuM sarvaprathama bhagIratha kArya karanAra AcArya sAgarAnaMdasUrinI karmabhUmi sUrata che ane emanuM smRtimaMdira e mATe gaurava lenAra A nagaramAM che. (IsavI sananA agiyAramA saikAmAM thayelA "navAMgI vRttikAra" abhayadevasUri tathA arvAcIna kALamAM Agama prakAzananuM kArya karanAra sAgarAnaMdasUri ane munizrI puNyavijayajI-e traNeyanuM vatana kapaDavaNaja hatuM e atihAsika ane tAtvika arthamAM zuM vatanane sAda na gaNAya? abhayadevasUrie pitAnuM kArya pATaNamAM karyuM hatuM, sAgarAnaMdasUrie AgamavAcanAne prAraMbha pATaNamAM karyo hato ane e ja kArya mATe munizrI puNyavijayajIe jinAgamaprakAzinI saMsadanI sthApanA pATaNamAM karI hatI ene zuM kevaLa aitihAsika akasmAta gaNIzuM ?) AgamavAcanA vize thoDIka vAta karIza, kema ke emAM purAtana kALathI Aja sudhInI jJAnabhaktine vRttAnta che. paNa e pahelAM jaina sAhitya ane jaina Agama sAhitya vaccenI bhedarekhA joIe. ' jaina sAhitya eTale jeno dvArA racAyeluM sAhitya, jemAM jaina, dhArmika graMtho uparAMta vividha viSaya paratve saMsakRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA vividha prAdezika bhASAonA jainakRta sAhityane samAveza thAya che. prAcIna bhAratamAM kheDAyelA lalita ane zAstrIya vADamayanuM eka paNa kSetra evuM nathI jemAM jainenuM viziSTa pradAna na.

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129 bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina adhyayana heya. jaina Agama sAhitya eTale jainonA mUla dhArmika graMthe, sUtro - ' krisa" athavA kenana - tathA te uparanuM bhASyAtmaka TIkAtmaka sAhitya. Ama, "AgamasAhityane samAveza jaina sAhityamAM thAya ne e baMnene samAveza bhAratIya sAhityamAM thAya. mUla AgA -sUtra uparanuM vivaraNAtmaka sAhitya cAra prakAranuM cheH niryukti, bhASya, cUrNa ane vRtti. mUla sUtre tathA te uparanAM A caturvidha vivaraNano artha eka sAthe vyakta karavA mATe keTalIka vAra "paMcAMgI" zabda prayoga karavAmAM Ave che. sUtro A prAkRtamAM che, je sAmAnya vyavahAramAM "ardhamAgadhI kahevAya che. sUtrane vItarAga-tIrthakaranI vANuM gaNavAmAM Ave che ane paraMparA pramANe, te gaNadharabhASita athavA sudharmAsvAmI jevA mahAvIranA eka gaNadhara ke paTTaziSya vaDe vyAkRta che. chatAM bhASA, nirUpaNarIti, zelI, gadyapadyanA bheda vagere daSTie sUtromAM vividha stare mAlUma paDe che. jemAM sarvasvIkRta anuzruti anusAra, "naMdisUtra e devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNanI, "dazavaikAlika sUtra zayyabhavasarinI (te emaNe pitAnA putra ane ziSya manaka mATe racyuM hatuM), "anuga ThAra sUtra' Arya rakSitasUrinI ane "prajJApanA sutra" Arya zyAmanI (Arya zyAma e itihAsa prasiddha Arya kAlaka athavA kAlakAcArya haze ?) kRti che. | mukhapAThe rahelA jaina mRtanuM saMkalana karavA mATe prathama pariSada vIranirvANa pachI bIjI zatAbdImAM pATaliputramAM maLI hatI. e samaye agiyAra aMga tathA anya Agane saMkalita karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ane cauda pUrvamAMthI je kaMI bacyuM hatuM te bAramA aMga daSTivAda' tarIke ekatra karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. (bauddhomAM pAli tripiTakanA saMkalana mATe AvI "saMgItio' thaI hatI.) paNa samaya jatAM pAchuM zruta vikhala thayuM, ane ene vyavasthita karavA

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130 jaina sAhitya samAroha mATe vIranirvANa pachI navamI zatAbdImAM mathurAmAM Arya Rndile ane valabhImAM Arya nAgArjane lagabhaga eka samaye pariSada bolAvI. durbhAgye A baMne AcAryo parasparane maLI zakyA nahi ane pariNAme baMnee taiyAra karAvelI jaina zratanI vAcanAmAM ghaNAM agatyanAM pAThAntare rahI gayAM. emAMnI eka vAcana mAthurI vAcanA tarIke ane bIjI "valabhI vAcanA" tarIke oLakhAya che. A pachI thoDAM varSamAM-vIranirvANa pachI 980 mAM (vAcanAtare 993 mAM) arthAta I. sa. 45% athavA 467mAM "naMdisUtrakAra devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNanA pramukhapada nIce valabhImAM pharI pAchI eka pariSada bolAvavAmAM AvI. A pariSadanI deravaNuM nIce AkhuMye jenazrata, mAthurI vAcanA anusAra, pahelI vAra ekasAmaTuM lipibaddha karavAmAM AvyuM, ane jarUra jaNAya tyAM, valabhI vAcanAnAM pAThAntare vAyare evA ullekha sAthe noMdhavAmAM AvyAM. (AgamonI zIlAMkadeva, abhayadevasUri AdinI saMskRta TIkAomAM AvAM pAThAntarone nirdeza nADunIyAtu pati evA zabdo sAthe maLe che.) A rIte taiyAra thayelI adhikRta vAcanAnI hastaprato dezamAM jude jude sthaLe mokalavAmAM AvI hoya e saMbhavita che. jaina jJAnabhaMDAranI saMsthAne AraMbha A zakavartI ghaTanAthI thaye haze ? kArataka suda pAMcame-jJAnapaMcamI dine jJAnabhaktino utsava devAdhigaNinA samayathI pratye haze ? nirya kti ane bhASya e mUla sUtra upara prAkRta gAthAmAM thayelAM saMkSipta vivaraNe che. mudrita vAcanAomAM temaja hastalikhita pratAmAM paNa ghaNI vAra niryukti ane bhAgyanI gAthAo eTalI bheLaseLa thayelI hoya che ke temane niryukti ane bhASya tarIke alaga tAravavAnuM ghaNuM muzkela bane che. cUNi e prAkRta gadyamAM keTalIka vAra saMskRta ane prAkRtanA vilakSaNa mizraNa jevA gadyamAM- mUla graMthanuM vivaraNa che. cUNio ane temanI bhASA vize keTalIka

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bhAratIya sa MskRti ane jaina adhyayana 131 AleAcanA mahuvA khAte jaina sAhitya samAOAhanA bIjA adhivezananA sAhitya vibhAganA pramukhapadethI me karI hatI (juA buddhiprakAza, ' mArca 1979). vRtti athavA TIkA e saMskRta gadyamAM thayelAM vivaraNa che. vidvAnenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA tarIke saMskRtanuM mahattva jainAe svIkAryu hatuM. jUnAmAM jUnI saMskRta TIkAe AThamA saikAmAM thayelA AcArya harabhadrasiranI che. e pachI zIlAMkadeva (AThameA saikA), zAntisUri (11me saipheA), abhayadevasUri, droNAcAya, maladhArI hemacaMdra (12 me| sakA), malayagiri (1ra me saike!) Adi mahAna AcAryoe pramANabhUta TIkAekanI A paraparA cAlu rAkhI hatI. * A AcAryoMmAM abhayadevasUrinuM kArya cirasmaraNIya che. bAramuM aMga dRSTivAda te lupta thayuM hatuM. agiyAra aMga paikI ' AcArAMga sUtra ' ane ' sUtrakRtAMga sUtra' upara pramANabhUta TIkAo emanI pahelAM zIlAMkadeve lakhI hatI. AthI bAkInAM nava aMgo tathA prathama upAMga - aupapAtika sUtra ' Adi upara vRttie racavAne mahA puruSA abhayadevasUrie karyAM. jema veda uparanuM sAyaNAcAryanuM bhASya eka paDita pariSadanI dekharekha nIce racAtuM hatuM tema droNAcAya jemAM mukhya hatA evI vidvatsamiti abhayadevasUrinI TIkAonuM sa'zeAdhana karatI hatI. (A droNAcArya pUrvAzramamAM kSatriya hatA ane gujarAtanA rAjA bhImadeva pahelAnA mAmA thatA hatA ) jue 'jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra" tathA 'praznavyAkaraNa sUtra'nI TIkAenI prazastimAM e vizene nirdeza-- + - nirvRttakakulanabhastala candradroNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paNDitagaNena guNAvariprayeNa saMzodhitA ceyam // sthAnAMga sUtra' TIkAnI prazastimAM abhayadevasUri prastuta anuyAganuM zeAdhana karanAra pati pariSadane namaskAra kare che . nama prastutAnuyogazodhikAyai zrIdroNAcAryapramukha paNDitaparSade ...

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132 jaina sAhitya samAroha vaLI arvAcIna kALamAM prAcIna graMthanA aneka saMpAdako ane saMzodhake kare che tema abhayadevasUri "bhagavatI sUtra TIkAnI prazastimAM vRttikAra tarIke potAnI muzkelIo varNave che - satsaMpradAyahInAvat sadUhasya viyogataH sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmatezca me / vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustakAnAmazuddhitaH / sUtrANAmatigAmbhIryAntratabhedAcca kutracit // kSaNAni sambhavantIha kevalaM suvivekabhiH / siddhAntAnugato yo'rthaH so'smAd grAhyo na cetaraH / vaLI emAM ja abhayadevasUri pUrvakALanI cUrNio ane vRttione nirdeza kare che, jemAMnI keTalIka atyAre maLatI nathI - kvaciTTIkAvAkya kvacidapi vacazcaurNamanagaM kacicchAndai vRtti kvacidapi gamaM vAcyaviSayam / kvacidvidvadvAcaM kvacidapi mahAzAstramaparaM samAzritya vyAkhyA kSata iha kRtA durgamagirAm / / (25mA zatakanI vRttine aMte) yadvAGmahAmandaramanthanena zAstrArNavAducchalitAnyatuccham / bhAvArtharatnAni mamApi dRSTo yAtAni te vRttikRto jayanti / / (30 mAM zakatanI vRttine aMte) pANini ane hemacandranAM pramANabhUta vyAkaraNo racAtAM emAM nirdiSTa pUrvakALanA keTalAye vaiyAkaraNa vismRta thayA; kauTilyanA "arthazAstramAM nirdiSTa rAjyazAstranA aneka vicArakenA graMtho nAmazeSa thayA ane vAsyAyananA kAmasUtramAM vigate ulekha pAmelI kAmazAstranI vividha zAkhAonA aneka lekhakanI kRtio vilupta thaI tema abhayadevasUrinI TIkAonA vyApaka upayogane kAraNe aneka

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina adhyayana 132 pUrvakAlIna vivaraNe bhulAyAM hoya ema bane. AgamasUtronA sauthI pramANabhUta TIkAkAramAM abhayadevasUri che. emanI TIkAonI sahAya vinA aMgasAhityanAM rahasya samajavAnuM pachInA samayamAM game tevA ArUDha vidvAne mATe paNa muzkela banyuM hota. cheka aDhAramA zataka sudhIne vRttikAroe ane Aja sudhInA, jUnI-navI paddhatinA abhyAsIoe abhayadesUrino niraMtara lAbha lIdhe che. cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla bhAratIya vidyAnA abhyAsIone sI. DIdalAla tarIke suparicita che. "bhagavagItA'nI paribhASAmAM kahIe to e kaI gabhraSTa AtamA hato. dalAla vaDodarAnI senTrala lAyabrerImAM saMskRta vibhAganA lAyabreriyana hatA. e vibhAgane pAchaLathI oriyenTala InTiTayUTa (prAcya vidyAmandira) nAme svataMtra saMsthA tarIke alaga karavAmAM Avyo hato ane enA niyAmaka tarIke satata sattara varSa sudhI kAma karavAno avasara mane maLyo hato. dalAle pATaNanA jaina jJAnabhaMDAronI lagabhaga saMpUrNa 'kahI zakAya evI tapAsa karI ane emano ahevAla eTale mahattvano jaNAya ke ene pariNAme gAyakavADUjha oriyenTala sirIjha nAme AMtararASTrIya pratiSThA pAmanAra graMthamAlAne AraMbha vaDodarA rAjya karyo ane tenA prAraMbhanA pacIseka viziSTa graMthonuM Ayojana dalAle mAtra sADatrIsa varSanI TUMkI jIvanayAtrAmAM karyuM, tathA emAMnA rAjazekharakRta "kAvyamImAMsA' Adi dasekanAM saMpAdana temaNe pote karyA. pATaNanA bhaMDAronI tapAsa dalAle sane 1915nA prAraMbhanA traNa mAsamAM karI. e ja varSanA me mAsamAM sUrata khAte maLelA, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pAMcamA adhivezanamAM temaNe eka vistRta nibaMdha rajU karyo, jenuM zIrSaka A pramANe che: "pATaNanA jaina graMthabhaMDAre tathA khAsa karIne temAM raheluM apabhraMza ane jUnI gujarAtInuM sAhitya." Aje pAMsaTha varSa pachI, emAMnuM keTaluMka sAhitya

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134 jena sAhitya samAroha pragaTa thayuM hovA chatAM, sUratanI pariSadamAMno e nibaMdha A viSayanA. tamAma abhyAsIo mATe mULabhUta agatyanI vAcanasAmagrI pUrI pADe che. zrI umAzaMkara jozIe eka vyAkhyAnamAM e AzayanuM kavitvamaya vidhAna karyuM hatuM ke bAla vanarAjanuM ghoDiyuM zIlaguNa sUrie hIMcaLyuM hatuM tema bAla gurjara kavitAnuM ghoDiyuM jaina sAdhu kavioe hIMcaLyuM che. jema kannaDamAM tema gujarAtImAM prAcInatama sAhitya e jaina sAhitya che e vAtanI have punarAvRtti karavI paDe. ema nathI. paNa dalAlana prastuta nibaMdhamAMthI eka e vAta spaSTa thAya che ke narasiMha mahetAnI pUrvenA temaja enA samakAlIna tathA enI pachInA keTalA badhA jainetara gujarAtI lekhakenI gadyapadya racanAo jaina bhaMDAramAMthI maLe che ! koI paNa jaina bhaMDAranI sUci sau pahelAM to huM A daSTie jouM chuM ke emAM gujarAtI, saMskRta ane prAkRta keTalI jainetara kRtio che ane saMskRtanA suprasiddha lalita temaja zAstrIya vAGamayanAM tathA tenAM pragaTa-apragaTa TIkA-TipaNa vArtikanAM keTalAM jUnAM ane vividha pratyaMtaro temAM che. dalAlana prastuta nibaMdhanA anusaMdhAnamAM eka evuM sUcana che. ke soLamA zataka ane tyAra pahelAnuM jeTaluM jainetara gujarAtI sAhitya jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAMthI maLI zake enA anveSaNa ane prakAzananI janA hAtha dharavI. Ane artha e mRddala nathI ke jaina gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsanI upekSA karavI. mAre kahevAno uddeza e che ke prAcInatama jainetara gujarAtI sAhitya mATe bhAge jaina bhaMDAromAMthI ja maLe che; mATe enuM vizeSa bhAve anveSaNa karavuM, jethI gujarAtI sAhityanA prAcIna itihAsamAM keTalIka navIna upalabdhio thAya ane atyAre maLatI sAmagrInI UNapa dUra thAya tathA keTalIye khUTatI kaDIo maLe. ApaNA abhyAsaviSayane kevaLa "jaina" vizeSaNathI jevAne

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina ayana 135 nathI. bhAratIya saMskRtinA - ane ethI AgaLa vadhIne kahIe tA jAgatika saMskRtinA - vyApaka pariprekSyamAM enuM adhyayana ane saMzedhana karavAnuM che. je nALa sesaTyuM nArU e mahAvAkanya AgamamAM eka sthaLe che, te prakArAntare sarva vidyAemAM vAstavika che. jJAna akhaMDa padArtha hAI enI sarva zAkhAonA AMtarasaMbadhA che. AMtaraanuzAsanika (Inter-Disciplinary) kAryanuM mahattva ahIM paNa svayaM spaSTa che. betraNa udAharaNA dvArA A vAta rajU karavAne prayatna karuM. bhArata-yurApIya bhASAkuLanAM be jUthAH bhArata-irAnI ane bhAratIya A bhArata-IrAnI bhASAnuM prAcInatama upalabdha svarUpa te jhaM6-avestA ane bhAratIya AnuM prAcInatama svarUpa te Rgveda. RgvedasahitAnA prathama bhoMDaLanA prathama sUktanI prathama RcA OM agnimILe purohitaM yajJasya devamRtvijam / hotAraM ratnadhAtamam enuM parivartana avestAnI bhASAmAM sahaja prayatnathI tajjJAe karyuM che. vedanA samIkSAtmaka abhyAsa mATe have kevaLa bhAratIya sAdhanA paryApta nathI; avestA uparAMta sumeriyana, eNsiriyana, hiTAITa, arDiyana, sAm Diyana vagere madhya pUrvInI prAcIna vilupta bhASAe ane saMskRtinI agatya e mATe svIkArAI che tathA prAcIna bhAratIya bhASA ane saMskRtine AMtararASTrIya sandarbhamAM jovAnuM anivArya banyuM che. jaina aitihAsika anuzruti anusAra, rAjA gabhillune uccheH karAvanAra kAlakAcAya suvarNabhUmimAM gayA hatA. e suvarNabhUmi kaI? tisamuyavinivavasamudranu nayipeyAruM | vare ajJasamudra madhumiya samudarzamI || ema ' naditra'nA prArabhamAMnI sthavirAvalimAM AM samudranI stuti karI che; emAMnA ' dvIpasamudra kayA? jaina dharma, brAhmaNu ane bauddha dharmanI jema, samudrapAra nathI -

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136 jene sAhitya samAroha gayo ema manAya che, paNa A balavAna anukRtine nirarthaka zI rIte gaNavI ? madhyakALanA caityavAsI yationI jema prAcInatara samayamAM jaina zramaNane ekAda samudAya samudragamanamAM bAdha nahi gaNatA hoya ema mAnavuM ? "vasudevahiMDI" Adi prAcIna kathAgranthamAM khulkI ane tarI bhAge videzaparyaTananAM varNana vAMcatAM tathA vividha jaina AgamamAM dezAntaramAMthI AvelI dAsIonA ullekha jotAM bhAratanA vepArI saMbaMdhe to e kALanA samasta saMskRta jagata sAthe hatA. jaina Agama ane te uparanAM vivaraNane koI eka bhAratIya anugAmanI kevaLa svataMtra saMpattirUpe vicAravAnAM nathI. e to te che ja, paNa te uparAMta ghaNuM che. prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti - vaicArika temaja bhautika saMskRti - nA adhyayana mATenI apAra sAmagrI emAM che. AgamonI saMskRta TIkAono abhyAsa alpa pramANamAM thayo hoI ane bRhatkAya cUNionuM to pUruM prakAzana paNa hajI na thayuM hoI saMzodhana mATe e kSetra akSaNa bhUmi che. kauTilyanA arthazAstrInI vahIvaTI paribhASA yathArtha rUpe samajavA mATe lagabhaga samakAlIna boddha tripiTaka ane jaina Agama jovAnuM anivArya che; e uparathI bhAratIya vidyAnI vividha zAkhAonA AMtarasaMbaMdha upara kaMIka prakAza paDaze. azokanA staMbha uparanA addabhuta "paliza - cakacakita epathI Aje lagabhaga aDhI sahastrAbdI pachI paNa ApaNe Azcarya mugdha thaIe chIe. purAtatvanA abhyAsIo ene "mauryayugIna epa" (Mauryan Polish)tarIke oLakhe che. "papAtika satramAM caMpAnagarI, pUrNabhaH caitya, vanakhaMDa, tyAMnAM azokavRkSa ane enI nIcenA pRthvI zilApada (puTavasiAvaThTha)nuM varNana che. (anya sUtromAM paNa nizcita sthAna ke vastuonAM varNana che te "papArika sUtra

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane jene adhyayana 137 pramANe che tathA enuM punarAvartana karavAne badale je te sthaLe e mATe vAgo evo nirdeza karavAmAM AvyA che. pachInA samayanA varNakasAhityanI paraMparAnI prAcInatA Ama TheTha AgamakALa sudhI pahoMce che.) e pRthvIzilApaTTane "Adarza--darpaNa jevo cakacakita" tathA "aMjana ane nIlelpala je zyAma varNavyo che temaja vividha bhAtanAM citrovALo ane navanIta jevA kemala sparzavALe kahyo che. keTalAka abhyAsIo A varNanane mauryayugane azokastaMbha uparanA abhuta epathI abhinna gaNe che, jyAre bIjA keTalAka mAne che ke abhayadevasUri Adi TIkAkAroe potAnA samayathI lagabhaga doDha hajAra varSa pahelAMnA varNakamAMnA puravariyApadRmAMnA puravI zabdano artha ja karyo nathI, ane azokavRkSa nIce zilApaTTa hato ema samajAvyuM che, kema ke pudava arthAta pRthvI-mATI eTale ke pakavelI mATI (Terra Cotta)nI A prakAranI prAcInatara kalAkArIgarI temane anavagata hatI. vaLI e zilApaTTane "aMjana jevo zyAma" kalyo heI unAmAM maLelAM cakacakita kALA opavALAM mATInAM vAsaNo, jene purAtattvajJo NBP (Northern Black Polishware) tarIke oLakhe che te sAthe e kalAnI a bhannatA sUcavavAno prayatna thayo che. je ke bhagavAna mahAvIranI janmabhUmi vaizAlImAM tathA aneka saMskRta kAvyanATakomAM prasiddha vatsarAja udayananI rAjadhAnI kauzAMbInA ukhananamAM zyAma uparAMta anya raMganAM ane te paNa sacitra-mATInAM vAsaNo maLyA che, e jotAM NBP prayoga theDA arthaphera sAthe samaja paDe; alabatta, ethI eka vAra sarvatra pracalita paribhASA na badalIe to cAle paraMtu kahevAnuM e che ke "papAtika sUtranAM azokavRkSa nIcenA pRthvI zilApaTTanuM varNana che te, vRkSa nIcenI pakavelI mATInI zyAma raMganI kalAmaya ApavALI beThaka che eTale haze e eka sabaLa mata che.

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138 jaina sAhitya samAroha prAcIna bhAratamAM kalAnA ItihAsa mATe kevA agatyanA sandarbhe mUla AgamasUtramAM paNa maLe che enuM A eka rasaprada udAharaNa che. jaina jJAnabhaMDAre vize pUratuM kahevAyuM che. paNa bhaMDArenI hastapratomAMnAM citro ane sAmAjika-dhArmika itihAsa vize ekAda udAharaNAtmaka vAta karuM. e citronA aneka abhyAsapradhAna saMgraha ane saMkalana A pahelAM pragaTa thayAM che. sAhityamAM rAjae ke zreNIonI citrazAlAonI vAta Ave che ane AcArya hemacandranA ziSya kavi rAmacaM, kumArapAle baMdhAvelA mandira-kumAravihAranI prazaritarUpe racelA "kumAravihAra zataka' kAvyamAM e mandiranAM bhIricitronuM vigatabharapUra varNana karyuM che. evAM kaI mandira ke mahAla hAla vidyamAna nathI, paNa madhyakAlIna gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA janajIvananI ThIka jhAMkhI TheTha agiyAramA saikAthI maLatI. tADapatra uparanI ane pachI kAgaLanI, jaina bhaMDAromAMnI granthastha citrakaLAmAM thAya che tathA upalabdha zilpa ane sAhityika varNane sAthe enuM sajana e kalAviSayaka sAmAjika, dhArmika temaja vezabhUSA AdinA abhyAsane eka rasaprada viSaya che. aMgrejI varNamALAnA "yu" AkAranuM tilaka e puSTimArgIya vaiSNavonuM dhArmika tilaka lagabhaga sArvatrika rIte manAya che. paraMtu soLamA zataka ane tyAra pahelAMnAM granthastha citromAM zrAvaka gRhasthonA lalATamAM paNa e jovAmAM Ave che. e batAve che ke eka kALe A tilaka puruSonA prasAdhanamAM eka sarvasAmAnya vizeSaka hatuM. vidyAviSayaka kAryo mATe zAstra vyutpatti ane tAlIma jarUrI che; paratu jJAna pratye saMpUrNa bhakti e koI paNa saMzodhaka ane jJAnapipAsu mATe sauthI vadhu Avazyaka che. adhyayana ane saMzodhana mATenI bhakita vinA ciraMjIva mahattvanuM kaI kAma bhAgye thaI zake.

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane jaina adhyayana 139 jJAna vize jemanI bhakti hoya emanA upara "pratikramaNa sUtra zrata-devatAnA AzIrvAda utAre che. e pavitra dharmagranthamAMnI prastuta gAthA vaDe mArA vArtAlApanI samApti karuM ke - suadevayA bhagavaI nANAvaraNIyakammasaMghAya / / tesiM khaveu sayayaM jesiM sua-sAyare bhattI / / (zrutasAgaramAM jemanI bhakti che temanAM jJAnAvaraNIya karmanA saMghAtane bhagavatI zrutadevatA satata ya kare !)

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gujarAtanAM prAcIna ItihAsa ane sthApatyAdi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna Do. hariprasAda zAstrI bhAratIya saMskRtinA vikAsamAM bhAratanA sarva pradezoe tathA sarva saMpradAyoe vatuM eAchuM pradAna karyuM che. bhArata ghaNuM vizALa deza che ne ene ItihAsa ghaNe lAMbe che. AthI emAM amuka pradeza, amuka kAla ane amuka saMpradAyanA sImita aMzomAM parizIlana karIe, to e bhAratIya saMskRtinA adhyayana-saMzodhanamAM ThIka upakAraka nIvaDe che. ahIM jaina saMpradAyanI sImA abhipreta hatI ja, emAM meM gujarAta pradeza ane prAcIna kAlanI sImAo umerI, jethI svIkRta viSaya vize kaMIka savizeSa rajU karI zakAya. prAgaitihAsika pASANayugIna saMskRtimAM jaina saMpradAya jevA saMpradAye hevAnuM jANavA maLyuM nathI. purAtatvIya-purAvastukIyA sthaLatapAso tathA ukhanana dvArA Adya-etihAsika saMskRtinuM je darzana thayuM che temAM paNa jaina ane bauddha saMpradAyanAM viziSTa lakSaNa nizcita svarUpe bhAgye ja dekhA de che. paraMtu Adya aitihAsika saMskRti vize Anuzrutika vRttAMtanAM anukAlIna saMkalano tathA nirUpaNamAM keTalIka mAhitI prApta thAya che. jaina anuzruti anusAra harinA vaMzamAM yadu ane yadunA vaMzamAM bhejavRSNi ane aMdhakavRSNi nAme be bhAI thayA. bhejavRSNinA putra ugrasena ane aMdhaSNinA dasa putra te darzAha, jemAM samudravijaya ane vasudeva thayA. samudravijayanA putra ariSTanemi te 22 mA tIrthaMkara neminAtha. jarAsaMdhanA bhayathI yAda mathurA tajI saurASTramAM AvI vasyA temAM samudravijaya

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gujarAtanAM...Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 141 ane vasudevanAM kuTuMbone samAveza thAya che. ariSTanemine lagatI anuzrutinA abhyAsamAM mane mahattvano muddo e jaNAya che ke. dvAravatImAM vivAha-maMDapamAMthI adhavaca pAchA pharI emaNe zramaNatva aMgIkAra karyuM kAravatI pAse AvelA raivataka upara ne AgaLa jatAM tapa karI kaivalya prApta karyuM ujajayaMta upara evA ullekha prAcIna jaina graMthomAM Ave che te mULamAM e be parvatanI bhinnatA darzAve che.1 yAdavakAlIna dvAravatI raivataka girinI taddana samIpa vaselI hatI evI mahAbhArata-harivaMzamAM ApelI anuzrutine jaina anuzruti samarthana Ape che eTaluM ja nahi, e raivataka ujajayaMta( giranAra)thI bhinna havAnuM paNa spaSTa kare che. gujarAtano pramANita itihAsa mauryakAlathI zarU thAya che. maurya rAjA azokanA pautra saMprati (laga. 229-220 I. pU. ) pazcima bhArata para rAjya karatA tyAre temanA samayamAM gujarAtamAM jaina dharmane khAsa prasAra thaye lAge che. rAjA saMprati jaina dharmanA prabhAvaka to hatA ja. uparAMta emaNe trikhaMDa bhAratavarSane jinAvatanothI maMDita karyuM. gujarAtamAM zatruMjaya upara, bharukacchamAM ane giranAra upara paNa jinAlaya baMdhAvyAM evI jaina anukRti che paraMtu ahIM sthApatya etihAsika daSTie eTalAM prAcIna gaNAya tevAM koI maMdira hajI maLyAM nathI. vikrama saMvata zarU karanAra ujajanane rAjA sakAri vikramAditya pahelAM bharukarachane rAja balamitra hatuM e jaina anukRtimAM aitihAsika tathya raheluM hoya, te vikrama saMvata zarU karanAra rAja vikramAdityanI AraMbhika kArakirdI mATe gujarAta gaurava laI zake chatAM A saMdarbhamAM seMdhavuM joIe ke gujarAtamAM vikrama saMvatanA vaparAzanA sahuthI prAcIna jJAta nirdeza e saMvatanA cheka 9mA zatakanA maLyA che. kSetrapAla e gujarAtanA itihAsano eka lAMbA prAcIna

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jaina sAhitya samAroha kAla (laga. I. sa. 1 thI 400) che. kSaharAta kulanA prasiddha rAjA nahapAnanA sikkA rAjasthAna, saurASTra ane mahArASTramAM ane enA samayanA abhilekha mahArASTramAM maLyA che. paraMtu enI rAjadhAnI kayA pradezamAM hatI e enA parathI jANavA maLatuM nathI. jaina anuzruti parathI nahapAna-naravAhana-vAhananI rAjadhAnI bharukacacha hovAnI mAhitI maLe che. jaina AgamagraMthanI vAlI vAcanA I. sa. 300ne arasAmAM nAgArjunasUrinI adhyakSatA nIce maLelI zramaNusaMdhanI pariSadamAM taiyAra thaI hatI. pAlitANA, bharUca, DhAMka, staMbhanaka (hAlanuM thAmaNA), zaMkhapura, vagere sthaLa A kALa daramyAna jaina -tIrtho tarIke khyAti dharAvatAM evI anuzrutie che, paraMtu e kAlanuM sthApatyasvarUpa dharAvatAM caNatarI jinAlaya maLyAM nathI. jUnAgaDha pAse AvelI bAvApyArA guphAo jaina saMpradAyanI hAya e saMbhavita paNa nizcita nathI." DhAMka (ji. rAjakoTa)nI guphAomAM AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra svAmI vagerenI pratimAo kaMDArelI hoI e guphAo jaina sAdhuo mATe nirmAI hovAnuM nizcita che. akoTA(vaDodarA)mAM maLelI kAyotsarga -avasthAmAM UbhelA AdinAthanI khaMDita dhAtu-pratimA (5 mI sadIne utarArdha) savastratIrthakaranI sahuthI jUnI jJAti pratimA che. gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsano bIje lAMbe ujajavala kAla che maitrakakAla (laga. I. sa. 470 thI I. sa. 788). valabhInA mitravaMzI rAjAone kuladharma mAhezvara hatA ne teo bauddha dharmane paNa ThIka protsAhana ApatA hatA evuM teonAM dAnazAsane parathI mAluma paDe che. tAmrapatro para kotarelAM teonAM eka dAnazAsana maLyAM che temAMnuM eke ya jaina derAsara ke upAzrayane lagatuM nathI e navAI lAge tevuM che. dhruvasena rAjAnA putranA maraNathI thayelA zokanI sAMtvanA mATe AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)mAM "kalpasUtra'nI vAcanA sabhA

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gujarAtanAM... Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 143 samakSa karavAmAM AvI e anuzrutimAM ApelA vI. ni. saM. 9 80 (ke 983 )ne samaya e sa vatanA AraMbhakAlane lagatA sa'zASita mata anusAra maitraka rAjA dhruvasena 1 lAne lAgu paDI zake che. jaina praba Mdhe zilAditya' rAnnanI utpatti zikSA ane AdityamAMthI thaI hovAnI je kathA ApI che te te e nAmanI zuddha joDaNInuM ca ajJAna darzAve che. anya prabaMdha| anusAra rAjAnA bhANeja manAtA mallavAsiritA prabhAvakacarita' anusAra vI, saM. 884( I. sa. 757)mAM thayA hoya tA e maitrakavazanA udaya pahelAM thayA gAya. ne ethI teo bhRgukacchanA jinAnaMdasUrinA bhANeja heAvAnI prabhAvakacarita'mAMnI anuzruti vadhu saMgata gaNAya. game tema, e samaye valabhI jaina dharmanuM mahattvanuM sthAna heAvAnuM spaSTa cAya che. devardhigaNi kSamAtraNe paNa mAthurI vAcanA tathA vAlabhI vAcanAnI tulanAtmaka AvRtti valabhImAM taiyAra karI hatI. bhAratabharanA zvetAMbara jaine A vAcanAne anusare che. dhanezvarasUriSkRta 'zatruMjaya-mAhAtmya'mAM e graMtha rAjA 'zilAditya'nA AgrahathI vi. saM. 47 mAM racAyA haiAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che e tA rAjAnA nAmanI azuddha joDaNI tathA enA asavita samayanirdeza parathI spaSTataH kapeAlakalpita Thare che. A graMtha vi. sa. 1371 pachI racAye! heAvAnuM mAlUma paDe che. valabhI-bhaMganI ghaTanA jaina prabadhAmAM vigate apAI che. mAravADathI valabhImAM AvI vaselA ne raMkamAMthI zreSThI banelA kArTUne lagatA vRttAMta A srotamAMthI ja prApta thayeA che. enA para rAjAneA julama thatAM eNe mleccha sainyane siMdhathI teDAvyuM ne e sainye valabhIne tathA tyAMnA rAjavaMzanA nAza karyAM, 'prabandhaciMtAmaNi' (I.sa. 1305 ), 'purAtana prabaMdhasaMgraha' ane 'prabaMdhakAza' (I. sa. 1349 )mAM A ghaTanAnuM varSa vi. saM. 375 (I. sa. 418-19 ) ApyuM

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144 jaina sAhitya samArAha che. 'prabhAvakacarita' (I. sa. 1277)mAM vIranirvANu saMvata 845 nuM va ApyuM che te pazu vi. saM. 375nuM ja che. e samaye tA valabhInA rAjyanI sthApanA ya thaI naheAtI. ene badale vividhatI ka95'(I. sa. 1308-33)mAM vi. saM. 845 (I. sa. 788-79 )nuM varSa ApyuM che te maitraka vazanA chellA sAta rAA zIlAditya 7 me jenuM dAnazAsana vi. saM. 447(I. sa. 766)nuM maLyuM che tenA samaya sAthe sArI rIte baMdha bese che. mane lAge che ke jaina anu. zrutimAM vi. saM. 845ne badale vI. ni. saM. 845 mAnI levAthI A goTALA thayA hovA joIe. M A saMda'mAM A anuzrutimAM ApavAmAM AvelI keTalIka vigata jaina pratimAe saMbaMdhI teAMdhapAtra che. pradhA jaNAve che ke jayAre valabhIne bhaMga thavAnI taiyArImAM hatA tyAre tyAMnA jaina saMdhanA ciMtAyaka va mAnasara hatA, temanI sUcanAthI tyAMnA zrAvakasaMdha valabhI tajI gayA te e meDherAmAM jaI vasyA. evI rIte tyAMnI jaina pratimAe paNa anya sthaLeAe cAlI gaI - caMdraprabhanI prabhAsapATaNa, vardhamAna svAmInI zrImAla, AdeivanI kAzahUda, pArzvanAthanI hArIja ane valabhInAthanI zatruMjaya. A pratimAe vize tapAsa karatAM mAlUma paDayuM che ke prabhAsamAM caMdraprabha svAmInuM derAsara che, temAMnI mUrti valabhIthI AvelI manAya che; kAsidrA pAsenA bhAta gAmamAM AveluM RSabhadevanuM jUnuM derAsara che. hArIjanA lupta pAnAtha derAsaramAMnI pratimAe hAla rAdhanapuramAM che.ja vinayacaMdrasUriSkRta 'kAvyazikSA' ( 13mI sadI )mAM valabhInAthanAM lakSaNa jaNAvyAM che.10 vamAna ( vaDhavANa ) ane deAstaTikAmAM pArzvanAtha ane zAMtinAthanAM caitya heAvAnA ullekha jinasenasUrinA 'harivaMzapurANa'(66, 53 )mAM Ave che. maitraka kAlanuM sthApatyasvarUpa dharAvatuM kAI jinAlaya hajI gujarAtamAM maLyuM nathI, paraMtu keTA (vaDeDa

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gujarAtanAM..Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 14pa darA)mAMthI A kAlanI aneka dhAtupratimAo prApta thaI che, jemAM mahAvIra svAmInA dIkSA pUrvenA jIvantasvAmI svarUpanI be pratimAo (6ThThI sadI), jinabhadra vAcanAcA pratiSThita karelI yakSayakSIyukta RSabhanAthanI pratimA (6ThThI sadI), vidyAdhara-kulamAM pratiSThita aMbikAnI pratimA (6ThThI sadI), UbhA pArzvanAthanI khaMDita pratibhA (7mI sadI), UbhAM sarasvatInI pratimA (7mI sadI , beThelA pAzvanAthanI be tritIrthika pratimAo (7mI sadI), azvArUDha mahAvidyA achuptAnI pratimA (7mI sadI), siMha para ane padma para beThelAM aMbikAnI be pratimAo (8mI sadIne uttarArdha) ItyAdi aneka pratimAo zi95lAnI prazasya kRtio che. anu-maitraka kAla (I. sa. 788-942)mAM jaina dharmane rAjakulene Azraya maLavA lAgyA. vanarAjanA ucheramAM zIlaguNasari (ke devacaMdrasUri)ne prabhAva paDe evI jaina anuzruti che. "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNimAM vanarAjanI mAtAne ullekha che, paNa mAtAnuM nAma ApyuM nathI ne pitAne nideza nathI. para tu "purAtana prabaMdhasaMgraha'mAM vanarAjane cAmuMDane putra kahyo che. "padmapurANamAM ene rajanIputra putra jaNAvyo che ne "ratnamAlA'mAM jayazikharIne putra. vanarAjanI AraMbhika kArakidInA prasaMga jaina prabaMdhamAM nirUpAyA che vanarAje zIlaguNasUrinI preraNAthI paMcAsarathI pArzvanAthanI pratimA maMgAvI aNahilavADamAM padharAvI e jene anuzrutine samarthana ApatuM tyAM paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanuM derAsara zatakathI dekhA de che, aNahilapATaNanI sthApanA ane vanarAjanA rAjyAbhiSeka mATe jaina anuzrutimAM ApeluM vi. saM. 802 muM varSa anya sarva Anuzrutika vRttAMtemAM paNa ApeluM che. jo ke tulanAtmaka kAlagaNanAnI daSTie e vi. saM. 802 ke enI najIkanuM hoya che ja baMdha bese tema che.11 evI rIte vanarAjanA vaMzajonAM nAma, saMkhyA ane rAjya10

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146 jaina sAhitya samAroha kAlanI vigatone lagatI baMne bhinna jaina anukRtiomAM paNa keTalIka garabaDa rahelI che.12 aNahilavADanA cAvaDA rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra vanarAjanI kArakirdImAM jaina anuzruti jenono prabhAva darzAve che, bIjI bAju "padmapurANu" emAM brAhmaNane prabhAva nirUpe che. A matabheda cheka IsvI 14mA saikAnA AraMbhamAM ya pravartato hato evuM prabaMdhaciMtAmaNimAM ApelA eka zleka13 parathI mAlUma paDe che. A kAla daramyAna taLa gujarAtanA bAkInA badhA bhAga para rASTrakUTa rAjAo rAjya karatA hatA. emAMnA keTalAka rAjA jaina dharmane uttejana ApatA hatA. suvarNavarSa karkarAje nAgasArikA(navasArI)mAM AvelA jinAlayanI vasatikAne bhUmidAna dIdhuM hatuM (I. sa. 821).14 e samaye tyAM aparAjita mukhya sAdhu hatA. e malavAdIne ziSyanA ziSya hatA. A mahelavAdI dharmottara-kRta - "nyAyabinduTIkA" upara "dharmottara TippaNaka lakhanAra malavAdI hovA saMbhave che. A sAdhuo mUlasaMdhanI aMtargata senasaMghanA hatA. kane janA rAjA Ama arthAta nAgabhaTa 2 jAe aNahilapura, moDherA vagere sthaLoe jinAlaya baMdhAvyAM hatAM, zatruMjaya ane raivataka(giranAra)nI tIrthayAtrA karI hatI ne revataka tIrthane zvetAMbare adhikAra sthApita karyo hato evI anuzruti che.15 A kAlanAM jinAlaya e svarUpe hAla mojUda rahyAM nathI. paraMtu akeTA(vaDodarA)nI dhAtupratimAomAM A kAlanI keTalIka nedhapAtra pratibhAo maLI che, jema ke yakSayakSIyukta pAzvanAthanI pratimA, vidyAdharakalanI jinapratimA, siha para beThelAM aMbikA, gaja para beThelA yakSa sarvAnubhUti, pArzvanAthanI tritArthika pratibhA (jemAM pArzvanAthanI jamaNI bAjue RSabhadevanI ne emanI jamaNuM bAjue cakezvarInI pratimA tathA pAzvanAthanI DAbI bAjue mahAvIranI ne emanI DAbI bAjue vidyA devInI pratimA che), pArzvanAthanI bIjI be

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gujarAtanA..Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 147 tritIrthika pratimAo ane (yakSa dharaNendra tathA yakSiNI padmAvatInI pratimAo sahitanI) pArzvanAthanI pratimA.26 solaMkI kAla (I. sa. 942-1304), je gujarAtano suvarNakAla gaNAya che te daramyAna gujarAtamAM jaina dharmane ghaNe abhyadaya thayA. durlabharAjanA samayamAM suvihita (vasativAdI) vardhamAnasUri ane emanA ziSya jinezvare aNahilavADamAM suvihita sAdhuo mATe mahAmahenate upAzraya prApta karyo hatA. jinezvarane durlabharAje kharatara" biruda ApeluM. rAjA bhImadeya 1 lAnA mAmA dIkSA laI jaina sAdhu thayA hatA. e droNAcArye abhayadevasUrikRta navAMga-TIkAenuM saMzodhana kareluM. abudagiri upara bhImadevanA maMtrI daMDanAyaka vimale vi. saM. 1088(I. sa. saM. 1032)mAM vimala-vasati nAme AdinAtha-tya baMdhAvyuM. enA vaMzaja pRthvIpAle kumArapAlanA samayamAM I. sa. 1250mAM ene jIrNoddhAra karyo. hAlanAM raMgamaMDapa ane hastizAlA A samayanAM che. hastizAlAmAM mokhare vimala maMtrInI moTI azvArUDha pratimA najare paDe che. maMdirane pharatI para devakulikAo che. A derAsara enI viziSTa zi95kRtio mATe vikhyAta che. karNadeve I. sa. 1084mAM gAMbhU pradezamAM sumatinAthanI vasatine bhUmidAna dIdhuM hatuM.17 harSapurIya gucachanA hemacaMdrasUrine karNadeve mAladhArI biruda ApeluM ne e sUrinA upadezathI siddharAja jayasiMhe potAnA rAjayamAM 80 divasanuM amAripatra lakhI ApyuM hatuM. vAdI devasUrie siddharAja samakSa bhAgavata saMpradAyanA devabodhine pitAnI vidvattA darzAvI, ne I. sa. 1125mAM karNATakanA digaMbaravAdI kumudacaMdra para vAdavivAdamAM vijya prApta karI gujarAtamAM zvetAMbara saMpadAyanuM varcasa vadhAryuM. siddharAja jayasiMhe ApelAM preraNA ane protsAhanathI hemacaMdrAcArya "siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana taiyAra karyuM. vaLI e AcAryo "cAzrayamAM caulukaya (solaMkI)

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148 jaina sAhitya samAroha rAjAonuM caritra nirUpyuM. emanA upadezathI rAjAe AkhA rAjyamAM parva-dinamAM amAri pharamAvI. I. sa. 1100mAM jayasiMhadeve gAMbhU pradezamAM sumatinAthanI vasatine bhUmidAna dIdhuM hatuM. 19 - jena anukRti anusAra rAjA kumArapAle vi. saM. 1216(I. sa. 1160)mAM jaina dharma aMgIkAra karyo, "parama ahaMta'nuM biruda dhAraNa karyuM ne mAMsa, ghuta, madya, padArAgamana ItyAdi vyasanone tyAganuM vrata lIdhuM hatuM temaja mAMsAhAra, ghuta, surApAna, caurya chatyAdine rAjyabharamAM niSedha pharamAvyo hato. vi. saM. 1216 pachI paNa - kumArapAla mATe "umApativaralabdhaprasAdaprauDhapratApa" biruda cAlu rahyuM hatuM. eNe zaiva dharma tajyA vinA jaina dharma aMgIkAra karyo hevAnuM anumAna tAravavAmAM AvyuM che9 e tarkayukta lAge che. kumArapAla jaina dharmanA suprasiddha prabhAvaka che. emaNe yujarAtamAM aneka sthaLoe jaina caitya baMdhAvyAM hovAnI anukRti che. emAM pATaNamAMnA kumArapAla-vihAra ane tribhuvanavihAra neMdhapAtra che. zatruMjya ane giranAra paranA vihAra anukrame Adideva ane abhinaMdana svAmInA che. tAraMgA paranuM derAsara ajitanAthanuM che. bhAva bRhaspatinI preraNAthI kumArapAle prabhAsanA somanAtha maMdirane ya jIrNoddhAra karAvyo hato (I. sa. 1169) ne e pachI giranAranI yAtrA karI temanAthanAM paNa darzana karyA hatAM. bhImadeva ra jAnA samayamAM dhoLakAnA rANuM varadhavalanA maMtrI vastupAla tathA tejapAla paNa jaina dharmanA parama prabhAvaka hatA. vastu pAle zatruMjaya ujajayaMta vagere jena tIrthonI 11 yAtrA karI hatI te emAMnI ghaNI to saMgha kADhIne (I. sa. 1027-1237). vastupAla-tejapAle zatruMjaya, aNahilapura, bhRgupura, staMbhanakapura, - staMbhatIrtha, darbhavatI, dhavalakakaka vagere sthaLoe navAM dharmasthAna baMdhAvyAM hatAM temaja ghaNAMnA jIrNoddhAra karAvyA hatA.20 vastupAle

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gujarAtanAM...Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 19 ujayaMta (giranAra ) upara sametamahAtIthavatAra ane aSTASadamahAtIrvAvatAranA prAsAda karAvyA. A tripuruSa-prAsAdamAM pahelAM mukhya maMdira AdinAthanuM hatuM. hAla malilanAthanuM che. vastupAle zatruMjaya para RSabhadevanI AgaLa IndramaMDapa ane be bAjue pArzvanAtha ane neminAthanAM maMdira karAvyAM. zatruMjaya para AdinAtha tathA puMDarIkanI navI mUrtio sthApI temaja AdinAthanA maMdiranI bAjue potAnA pUrvajonI pratimAo karAvI. maMtrI tejapAle giranAranI taLeTImAM pote vasAvelA tejalapuramAM azvarAjavihAra ane pArzvanAtha bhavana baMdhAvyAM hatAM. sAmAnya rIte vastupAla-tejapAla ghaNuM sukRta saMyukatapaNe karAvatA hatA. AthI badhe vastupAla-tejapAlanAM derAM kahevAne praghAta paDI gayo che. Abu upara delavADAmAM je derAsara che, tene paNa sahu vastupAla-tejapAlanAM derA' tarIke oLakhe che. paraMtu e derAsaranA nirmANanI prazarita23 je tyAMnI haritazALAmAM mUkelI takatI para kotarelI che tenA AdhAre jANavA maLe che ke neminAthanuM A maMdira vi. saM. 1287(I. sa. 1231)mAM maMtrI tejapAle pitAnAM patnI anupamadevI ane putra lAvaNyasiMha( lUNasiMha nA zreya arthe karAveluM ne tethI e luNasiMha-vasahikA tarIke oLakhAya che. AthI kharI rIte ene mAtra tejapAlanuM deruM' kahevuM joIe. A maMdiranA vahIvaTane lagatA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvelA enA goSTike (TrasTIo)mAM anupamadevInA pitA dharaNikanA kuTuMbane samAveza thato hato ne e kuTuMba AbunI taLeTImAM vaselI caMdrAvatInuM rahevAsI hatuM. A vigata lakSamAM rAkhatAM Abu paranuM derAsara ekalA tejapAle baMdhAvyuM e taddana svAbhAvika lAge che. A maMdira garbhagRha, gUDhamaMDapa, navacekI, raMgamaMDapa, balAnaka, devakulikAo ane hastizAlAnuM baneluM che. enA staMbho tathA enAM vitAna zilpakalAnuM

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150 jaina sAhitya samAroha vaividhyapUrNa kauzala darzAve che, gUDhamaMDapanA mukhya daravAjAnI be bAjue suMdara nakazIkAmavALA be khattaka (gokhalA) AvelA che. loko ene "derANI-jeThANanA gekhalA" tarIke oLakhe che. A nAmanA tAtparya aMge tejapAlanI patnI (derANuM) ane vastupAlanI patnI(jeThANIe e be gokhalA potapotAnA piyeranA paisAthI pitAnI nAmanA mATe karAvarAvyA evI daMtakathA pracalita che. paraMtu e taddana kapolakapita che, kema ke e gokhalA kharI rIte tejapAle pote ja pitAnAM bIjI patnI suhaDAdevInA hoya arthe karAvyA hovAno dareka gokhalAnA chajA upara lekha karelo che.25 suDA devInA pitA Thakura AsA pattana(pATaNa)ne moDha vaNika hatA. hatizAlAmAM caMDapa, caMDaprasAda, sema, azvarAja, lUNiga, malladeva, vastupAla, tejapAla, jaitrasiMha ane lAvaNyasiha- tejapAlanA kuTuMbanA e dasa puruSonI gajArUDha mUtio hatI. hAla hAthI majUda rahyA che, paNa enA para beThelA puruSonI pratimAo naSaTa thaI gaI che. paraMtu e hAthIonI pAchaLa dasa khattako(gokhalAomAM (AcArya udayaprabha tathA vijayasena sAthe ) caMDapa, caMDaprasAda, sema, azvarAja, lUNiga, maladeva, vastupAla, tejapAla, jaitrasiMha ane lAvaNyasiMhanI UbhI sapatnIka pratimAo karAvelI che. staMbha tathA vitAnake vageremAM ArasanuM A derAsara paNa zilpakalA ajabanuM vaividhya tathA kauzalya ThAlave che. mahAmAtya vastupAlanAM sAhityika maMDaLamAM purohita somezvaradeva, gIDa kavi harihara, amaracaMdrasUri, harisiMha, udaprabhasUri, . naracaMdrasUri, bAlacaMdrasUri vagere aneka siddhahasta kavio thayA. vastupAla pite vidvAna ane kavi hatA ne eNe naranArAyaNAnaMda" nAme mahAkAvya racyuM hatuM. anupamadevI paNa kaMkaNakAvya racatAM ne SaDU. darzanenI sArI jANakArI dharAvatAM.

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gujarAtanAM...Adi kalAtmAmAM jaina dharmInuM pradAna 151 gujarAtamAM sahuthI prAcIna sacitra hastapratA seAla kI kAlanI maLI che. siddharAjanA samayamAM bhRgukuccha( bharUca mAM lakhAyelI 'nizIthacUNI"nI sacitra hastaprata (saM. 1157, I. sa. 1100) e ahIMnI pazcimI zailInI laghucitrakalAne sahuthI prAcIna nAta namUne! che. khaMbhAtanA zAMtinAtha bha`DAramAMnI vi. sa. 1184, 1200 ane 1298 nI tADapatrIya prate, chANInA graMthabhaDAramAMnta sa', 1218 nI hastaprata, pATaNanA saMdhavInA pADAnA bhaMDAramAMnI 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita'nA atima panI tADapatrIya prata tathA vi. saM. 1345nI hastaprata ityAdi hastapratAmAM AlekhAyelAM laghucitromAM A kalArazailInAM viziSTa lakSaNa jovAM maLe che.26 Ama, gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsamAM ( rAjakIya, dhArmika, tathA sAhityika itihAsamAM) temaja sthApatya zilpa ane citrakalAmAM jaina dharmAMnA anuyAyIe, prabhAva tathA presa hukAe gaNanApAtra pradAna karyu che. sadgabha sUci 1 A muddAnI vigatavAra carcA mATe H. G. Shastri, * The Raivataka Hill Near Dvaraka,' Bulletin of the Chunilal Gandhi Vidyabhavan, No. 10, pp. 48 ff. 2 muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA', '. '-8, 3 itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA, pR. 487, 489 4 maurya kAlathI guptakAla, pR. 107-108, 114, 486 5 ejana, pR. 348-349 } U. P. Shah, Akota Bronzes, p. 26

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jaina sAhitya samAroha 7 maitrakakAla ane anu-maitraka kAla, pR. 41 8 ha. gaM. zAstrI, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pR. 487-490 9 ejana, pR. 422-423 10 varicheda 4, mo. 62, (pR. 20). kapAlapANivalabhIpatirgagaganagAmukaH surApAnarato nityaM devo'yaM valabhIpatiH / / 1? A praznanI vigatavAra chaNAvaTa mATe juo "maitrakakAla ane anu-maitrakakAla', pR. 125-128. 12 ejana, pR. 124-127 13 gUrjarANAmidaM rAjya vanarAjAraprabhRtyapi janastu sthApitaM mantraistad dveSI naiva nandati // (pR. 13) 28 Surat Plates of Karkaraia Suvarna-Varsha,' Epig raphia Indica, Vol. XXI, pp. 133 ff. 15 "vizvamadirivarita', "pramA varita ", pR. 220 94 U. P. Shah, Akota Bronzes, pp. 49 ff. 17 J. 0 I, Vol. 1, p. 368 18 Ibid, p. 369 19 du. ke. zAstrI, gujarAtane madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, pR. 367-370 20-21 giranAranA lekho, naM. 1-6 (gi. va. AcArya, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhAga 3, lekha naM. 203-212 21 vastupAle ujajayaMta para RSabhadevanI tathA puMDarIkanI mUrti sthApelI (vividhatItha, pR. 7).

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gujarAtanA ... Adi kalAomAM jaina dharmanuM pradAna 153 22 ga. va. AcArya, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA, bhAga 2, 167. vastupAle e pahelAM saM. 1278 mAM vimala vasatinA gUDhamaDapamAM mallinAthadevaneA khattaka (geAkhaleA) karAvelA ( avuM TprAcIna jainahelarso, lekha 9 ). bhrUNasiMha vasatinI devakulikAe paikI ekeya pazu vastupAle karAvI nathI. 24 gu. a. lai., bhA. 2, lekha 168 khU, bhAga 2 : a prAcIna jainalekha 25 jayaMta vijayajI, sandeha', lekha 261-262 26 'sAlI kAla', pR. 529-530

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jaina sAhitya: dizA ane kAryakSetra De. ramaNalAla cI. zAha sarva prANIomAM phakta manuSya pAse ja vikasita vAcA che. ene lIdhe ja bhASA ane sAhitya che. vANuM ane vidyA vinA manuSya pazuvat heta, vidyAnI upAsanA ja manuSyane mahAmAnavanI keTi sudhI pahoMcADe che. tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnI anupasthitimAM emaNe pravartAvelA dharmane TakAvI rAkhanArAM be mukhya AlaMbana che: (1) jinapratimA ane (2) jinavANuM arthAt jinAgama. dharmanA mAge cAlanAra manuSya chevaTe kevaLajJAna pAmI mukti prApta kare che. vAgevatA athavA mRtadevatAnI sahAya vinA kevaLa jJAna saMbhavita nathI. eTalA mATe ja manuSyajanmamAM sauthI vadhu ArAdhya te mRtadevatA che. ethI ja zrutajJAnane trIjA netra tarIke - taiyaM cakakhU' tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. vyavahArajJAna ane AtmajJAna, pratyakSa jJAna ane parokSa jJAna, laukika jJAna, kettara jJAna, imesaphInA ane imesInA evA jJAnanA spaSTa be moTA bhedezamAM pahelAthI bIjA sudhI manuSya pahoMcavAnuM che. jJAnene mahimA jaina dharmamAM ghaNA batAvAya che. jJAna e jIvamAtranuM lakSaNa che. sumamAM sUkSma evA nigedanA cha mAM paNa akSaranA anaMtamAM bhAga jeTaluM jJAna avazya hoya che. jJAnanI AvI nimnatama DeTithI "je egaM jANuI te savva jANuI; je sabaMjANuI te aMge jANuI' sudhInI jJAnanI anekavidha bhUmikAmAM che. paDhamaM nANuM tao dayA." "jJAnasya phalaM viratiH "nANeNa najae caraNuM," "nANeNa ya muNuM hAI vagere jJAnamahimAnAM vacane jaina zAstragraMthamAM maLe che. utarAdhyayanasa tramAM sarasa kahyuM che:

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jaina sAhitya : dizA ane kA kSetra 'jahA saU sasuttA, paDiyAvina viSNussai na viSNusai.' eva' jIve sasu, sasAre jema dArA parAvelI seAya paDI jAya teA paNa kheDavAI jatI nathI ke naSTa thatI nathI, tevI rIte jJAnarUpI dvArAmAM parAvAyelA jIva. saMsAramAM naSTa-bhraSTa thatA nathI. 155 mahAbhAratanA zAntipa mAM kahyuM che : nA vacate lantuvidhavA tu pramuyaMte 1 (kamathI baMdhAyeleA jIva vidyAthI mukti pAme che.) jJAna athavA vidyAneA Ave apAra maDimA DeAvAthI enI. ArAdhanA vividha rUpe thatI AvI che. vANInA mAdhyama dvArA bhUtakALamAM thaI gayelA aneka mahAtmAenAM, buddha puruSAnAM, tItha kareAnAM anubhavavanAnA sumaMgala vArasA ApaNane sAMpaDayo che. e vArasAne zAbhAvavAnuM kartavya manuSyamAtranuM che. vartamAna samayamAM vizvanI vasatinA pramANumAM jainenI vasati dhaNI ja echI che. ema chatAM jaine pAse peAtAnuM je sAhitya che. te atyaMta vipula che. prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI, saMskRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hiMdI, marAThI, kannaDa, telugu, tamiLa vagere bhASAomAM prAcIna jaina sAhitya puSkaLa lakhAyeluM che. judA judA hastapratabhaDAmAM vAMsa lAkhathI vadhu hastapratA sacavAyelI che je jaina samAja mATe ghaNI gauravanI vAta che. A hastapratAmAMnI ghaNI haju aprakAzita che. saheje be- traNa saikAthI vadhu samaya cAle eTaluM sa MzAdhananuM kAryaM A kSetramAM paDeluM che. ApaNA pUrvasUrie vAGamayanI keTakeTalI vividha zAkhAemAM advitIya kAryo karyuM che te e viSayanA jANakA naNe che. jaina sAhityanA itihAsa aMge zrI meAhanalAla dalIcaMda desAie jaina sAhityaneA sakSipta itihAsa' tathA 'jaina gUrjara kavie'nA

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156 jaina sAhitya samAroha -traNa bhAgamAM daLadAra pustake lakhIne saikAo sudhI kAma lAge evI apratima sAhityasevA bajAvI che, zrI hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyAe "jana saMskRta sAhityanA -ItihAsanA traNa bhAga lakhyA che, e paNa A dizAmAM eka saMgIna kArya thayuM che. zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAe paNa A kSetramAM ghaNuM ja saMgInA kArya karyuM che. emaNe potAnA jIvanakALa daramiyAna saMkhyAbaMdha graMtha prakAzita karavA uparAMta, jaina dharma ane sAhitya vize cha hajArathI vadhu lekho lakhyA che. A lekhe nAnAM-moTAM sAmayikomAM chapAyAM che. emAMnA aneka lekha mAhitInI daSTie atyata mUlyavAna che. e lekhe je graMtharUpe veLAsara pragaTa nahi thAya te kadAca haMmezane mATe lupta thaI jaze. A dizAmAM rAjasthAnanA jaina vidvAno pitAno mUlyavAna samaya ApIne sAhityika sevA bajAvaze to eka bhagIratha kArya pAra paDaze. temAM puSkaLa nANAMnI jarUra paDaze. e mATe jaina vidyAkIya saMsthAoe ane vividha saMghonA jJAnakhAtAMoe pitAne sahakAra udAratAthI ApavAnI tatparatA batAvavI joIe. jaina sAhityanA itihAsa aMge vArANasInA pArzvanAtha zodha-saMsthAna taraphathI "jaina sAhityakA bahata itihAsanA keTalAka bhAga pragaTa thayA che. e paNa eka mahatvanuM kArya thayuM che. Ama chatAM apabhraMza ane gujarAtI-hiMdI bhASA sahita, tathA tamiLa, telugu, kanaDa vagere bhASAo sahita saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM lakhAyelA samagra jaina sAhityano saikAvAra vistRta pramANabhUta itihAsa lakhavAnI jarUra che. - amadAvAda, vaDodarA, pATaNa, surata, jesalamera, bIkAnera vagere ghaNAM badhAM sthaLAnA jJAnabhaMDAramAM ApaNuM rAsAsAhityanI aneka hastaprata paDelI che. emAMnI dasamA bhAganI rAsakRtio paNa haju

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jaina sAhitya: dizA ane kArya kSetra 157 pragaTa thaI nathI. e jema jema pragaTa thatI jaze tema tema te ApaNA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM nave! prakAza pADaze.. dharma premI sAdhu kavienA hAthe dhaNIkharI rAsakRtinI racanA thaI hAvAne kAraNe emAMnI keTalIka kRtionI sAhityika guNavattA AchI haze, te paNa sakhyAbaMdha evA kavie avazya che ke jemanI pAse. zAstrajJAnanI sAthe sAthe U*cI kavipratibhA paNa che. A badhI rAsakRtio jaladI prakAzita thAya ene mATe kAIka saMsthAnA upakrame vyavasthita yeAjanA thavAnI jarUra che. suratathI pragaTa thayelI AnaMda kAvya maheAdadhi'nI zreNIe A kSetramAM A sadInA pUrvArdhamAM jevuM saMgIna kArya karyuM' tevuM kAI eka saMsthAnA upakrame tyArapachI thayuM. nathI e zaiAcanIya bAbata che. A prakAranA sazodhana-sa`pAdana ane enA prakAzananA kArTImAM ghaNI mahenata ane ghaNAM nANAMnI jarUra rahe che. e dizAmAM eTalA mATe sakriya AyeAjananI jarUra che. jyAre ApaNuM rAsAsAhitya dhaNuMkharuM pragaTa thayuM haze tyAre madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityane itihAsa navesarathI lakhavAnI pharaja paDaze. bhaviSyanA taTastha itihAsakArA A vAtanuM megya mUlyAMkana karI zakaze. ApaNe tyAM atyArasudhImAM pragaTa thaI cUkelI rAsAskRtinI savistara samAlAcanA karatI saLaMga mAhitI kAI eka sthaLe upalabdha nathI. keAI rAsakRti chapAI che ke nahi tenI naNakArI becAra vidvAnA sivAya bahu ochAne hAya che. eka ja lekha ke graMthamAM e badhI mAhitI upalabdha thAya e dizAmAM paNa kAma karavAnI AvazyaktA che. jema rAsAsAhityanI bAbatamAM tema phAgu, bAramAsI, kakkA ane mAtRkA, vivAhalu, stavana, sajjhAya, AlAvaSedha vagere prakAranA sAhityanI aprakAzita kRti jaladI pragaTa thAya e dizAmAM paNuvidvAne e ane saMsthAe kAma karavAnuM jarUrI che. alabatta ene mATe puSkaLa nANAMnI paNa jarUra rahe che. eka vakhata sa`sthAe dvAra..

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158 jaina sAhitya samAroha nANune pravAha je cAlu thaze te e kSetramAM kAma karanArA paMDitasaMzodhake maLI raheze. Aje to AvI khAsa kaI meTI janAo na hovAne kAraNe paMDite ane saMzodhake paNa kyAreka kSetraparivartana karatA rahe che. * gayA saikAmAM yunivarsiTInI kakSAe jyAre judI judI bhASAone abhyAsakramamAM sthAna apAI cUkayuM hatuM, tyAre jaina samAje prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI bhASAne maeNTrika tathA bI. e. ane ema. e.nA abhyAkramamAM dAkhala karAvavA prayatna karyo hato. jene pariNAme zALAkaoNlejamAM ardhamAgadhI bhASA ane emAM lakhAyelA jaina sAhityano abhyAsa karanArA vidyArthIonI saMkhyA ThIka ThIka rahetI. A rIte e paraMparA cAlu hatI. chellA traNa-cAra dAyakAthI sarakArI nItine kAraNe, yunivarsiTInA abhyAsakramamAM thatA pheraphArane kAraNe tathA jaina samAjanI udAsInatAne kAraNe zALAmAM ardhamAgadhIne abhyAsa karanAra vidyAthIonI saMkhyA ghaNI ja ghaTI gaI che. pariNAme jaina ardhamAgadhI sAhityamAM rasa lenAra vidvAnonI saMkhyA paNa ochI thaI gaI che. ardhamAgadhI bhASAne viSaya zeDe kaThina gaNAya. vaLI e lenAra vidyArthIne AjIvikAnI daSTie bhaviSya bahu UjaLuM na lAge. ene kAraNe vidyArthIo A viSaya mATe bahu taiyAra na thAya e - dekhItuM che. ThIka ThIka nANAkIya Ayojana vinA A kArya pAra paDI - zake nahi. jaina samAje potAnA dAnano pravAha A dizAmAM UlaTabhera - vahAvavAnI ghaNI AvazyakatA che. jaina samAja pAse vidvAna paMDita naDi hoya to jainavanA saMrakAranuM dhoraNa nIcuM jAya te navAI nahIM. ardhamAgadhI bhASAne abhyAsa jaina sAdhuo mAM saMskRta bhASAnI -sAthe ThIka ThIka rahyA karyo che. keTalAya AcAryo pitAnA ziSyone - bhASA ane vyAkaraNanI sAthe zAstrone sadhana abhyAsa karAvI rahyA che, e ApaNuM mATe bahu gauravanI vAta che.

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jaina sAhitya dizA ane kAryakSetra 158 prativarSa jene dAnamAM je rakama kharce che enA pramANamAM vidyAnuM teja pragaTa thatuM nathI. jene mukhyatve vaNika vepArI kAma hovAne kAraNe arthopArjanamAM tene eTale rasa paDe che eTale vidyAvyAsaMgamAM nathI paData. svabhAvathI jene vidyAprIti heAya evA mANase paNa samaya jatAM kevaLa artha prApti tarapha ghasaDAya che. jenonA dAnanI rakama jo vyavasthita rUpe vaparAya to je thAya tenA karatAM paNa vadhu saMgIna kArya thaI zake. jena saMghe cAturmAsa praveza, vihAra, vyAkhyAna ityAdi nimite prativarSa chApAMnI jAherakhabare pAchaLa lAkha rUpiyAnuM kharca kare che. tene je vyavasthita rUpa ApavAmAM Ave te eTalI ja prasiddhi sAthe ghaNuM kharca bacAvI zakAya, je jJAnanAM anya kAryomAM vAparI zakAya. jene mATe pratyeka meTA zaheramAM eka risarca insTiTyUTanI AvazyakatA che. zeTha zrI kasturabhAIe dIrdhadaSTi vAparIne ela. DI. InsTiTayUTanI sthApanA karI e A dizAmAM ghaNuM mahattvanuM ane prazaMsanIya kArya che. enI khyAti AMtararASTrIya koTinI banI che. risarca insTiTayuTa te banAvIe, paraMtu ene lAyaka vidvAne kyAM che?' evo prazna sahaja rIte thAya evo che. paraMtu pahelAM insiTaTyUTa ke pahelAM vidvAne evo prazna ethI vadhu gaMbhIra prakArane che, kAraNa ke risarca insTiTayUTa haze ane emAM yunivarsiTInI kakSAnA pagAravALI sArI nokarInI vyavasthA je haze te ApoApa vidvAno temAM AvavA prerAze. alabatta, AraMbhanA samayamAM thoDAMka varSa 2gya vidvAno meLavavAnI muzkelI paDaze, paNa samaya jatAM tenA mATe spardhA thaze. pazcimanA dezanI keTalIka yunivarsiTIomAM jaina darzana mATe vibhAgo che. temAM kayAreka vidyAthIo nathI hotA, paraMtu prophesaranI sagavaDa hamezAM heAya che. vidyAnA kSetramAM paMDitanuM mApa kArIgarenI phUTapadIthI kADhI na zakAya. kArIgaranuM kAma zArIrika

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10 jaina sAhitya samAroha ane nizcita kalAkanuM che, paMDitanuM kArya bauddhika ane samayamaryAdA vagaranuM che. ghare paNa te potAnA vyavasAya ane kaMIka ne kaMIka kArya karate rahete heAya che, ane divase divase te pitAnA viSayanI sajjatA vadhArato rahetuM hoya che. evA paMDito bIju kazuM na kare ane mAtra pitAnuM pAMDitya vadhAre te paNa enI pAchaLa khacelAM nANu vasUla che koI paNa samAjanuM teja enA vidvAne, paMDitanI saMkhyA para AdhArita hoya che. yunivarsiTInI kakSAe je vicArIe to jene eka nahi paNa pAMca-sAta yunivarsiTI sthApavA jeTalAM nANuM khacI zake ema che. sarakAra sAthe ke yunivarsiTI grAnTa kamizana sAthe saMlagna hoya tevI ane saMlagna na hoya tevI ema ubhaya prakAranI yunivarsiTInI sthApanA karI zakAya. jaina vidyA, dharma, saMskAra vagerenuM jemAM sicana heya ane sAthe Adhunika keLavaNI paNa apAtI heya evI yunivarsiTInI sthApanA moTAM zaheromAM ke nAnAM kendromAM je karavAmAM Ave te vidyAthIonuM enA pratye AkarSaNa vadhe. e suvarNa divasa kayAre Ugaze ke jyAre cAlu yunivarsiTIone badale je vizva vidyAlayamAM praveza meLavavA mATe jaina temaja jainetara vidyArthIo deDatA hoya ane e vidyAlayanA pramANapatranuM gaurava AMtararASTrIya kSetre paNa ghaNuM moTuM hAya. muMbaI jevAM moTAM zaheromAM jaina dharmanuM kaI eka pustaka vecAtuM joItuM hoya te koI evI eka dukAna nathI ke jayAMthI te acUka maLI rahe. prativarSa jaina dharma ane sAhitya vize gujarAtI, hindI, aMgrejI vagere bhASAomAM sAdhu-sAdhavIonAM ane vidvAnonAM DhasothI vadhu pustaka pragaTa thatAM haze, paraMtu te eka ja sthaLe tarata ja sulabha hoya evuM vecANa kendra muMbaI, amadAvAda, surata, vaDodarA jevAM zaheromAM nathI. Aje jarUra che Adhunika paddhatithI AvAM vecANa kendro

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jaina sAhitya dizA ane kAryakSetra 11 zarU karavAnI. ekalAM jaina pustakanA vecANanA vyavasAyamAM koI vyakti paDe to te bahu kamAya nahi. kadAca tene khATa khAvAne vakhata paNa Ave. A kAma kaI saMsthAe upADI levuM joIe, ke jethI bAra mahine AvatI kheTa enA bhaMDoLamAMthI pUrI pADI zakAya. jaina samAja ATaluM paNa je meTAM zaheromAM vyavasthita rIte kare te paNa jaina dharma ane sAhitya pratye jaina ane jainetara evAM ghaNuM mANasa AkarSAze, ane e dvArA sAhityane vyavasthita pracAra thaze. pustakonAM AvAM vecANa kendronI sAthe je jagyAnI mokaLAza hoya te eka moTA holamAM mahatvanA jaina graMthanuM eka kAyamanuM pradarzana paNa yojavA jevuM che. eka aDadhA kalAkanI mulAkAta dvArA paNa mANasane keTalAMya mahattvanAM pustaka najare joyAne AnaMda maLe, je koI vakhata paNa emAMnuM ekAda pustaka vAMcavAnA rasamAM pariName to AvA pradarzananI sArthakatA gaNAya, pustakonA pradarzananI jema enI sAthe athavA alaga rIte jaina zilpa, sthApatya, citrakalA ityAdinA pheTAonA pradarzananuM Ayojana paNa kAyamI dhoraNe karI zakAya. jyAM jaina vizvavidyAlaya hoya tyAM Avo eka khaMDa to acUka hevo joIe. chelA traNeka dAyakAmAM jeTa vimAnanA jhaDapI vyavahArane kAraNe vidyAbhyAsa ke vyavasAya aMge ghaNuM jaina kuTuMbo yuropa, amerikA, keneDA. jApAna, thAilenDa, siMgApura, maleziyAmAM jaIne vaselAM che: enI pahelAM AphrikAnA keTalAka dezamAM ane barmAmAM paNa ghaNuM kuTuMba vaselAM che. Ama jenenI vasati AkhI duniyAmAM patharAyelI che. tyAM vasatAM keTalAMye mA-bApanI ciMtA pitAnAM saMtAnone jainatvanA saMskAra kevI rIte ApavA ane piSavA tene lagatI che. gujarAtI ke hiMdI bhASAthI ajANa, kevaLa aMgrejI, phrenca, jarmana ke japAnI bhASA jANanAra jaina bALakone mATe jaina sAhitya ane tatvajJAnanI 11

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162 jaina sAhitya samAroha bhUmikA pUrI pADavA mATe saraLa ane lokopayogI sAmagrI moTA pAyA para taiyAra karavAnI ghaNuM jarUra che. have te vIDiyo keseTanI sagavaDa thaI che. jaina tIrtho, jJAnabhaMDAro, kalAkRtio, sAdhusAdhvIonI dinacaryA vagerenI pramANabhUta vIDi keseTa vyAvasAyika dhoraNe taiyAra thavI joIe, ke jethI videzamAM vasatA pratyeka jaina kuTuMbamAM AvI keseTa hoya ke je saMtAne ane vaDIlo jijJAsA thatAM tarata joI zake. AvI sAmagrI mAtra jaine ja nahi, rasa dharAvatA itara videzIone paNa upayogI thaI paDaze. jema vIDiyo keseTa tema tIrtho vagerenI raMgIna slAiDa paNa vyAvasAyika dhoraNe taiyAra thavAnI jarUra che. duniyAnA ghaNA pravAsIo, myujhiyama, yunivarsiTIo vagere vividha dezanI ane viSayanI slAIDono saMgraha karatAM hoya che. emanA saMgrahamAM ApaNuM jaina tIrthonI slAiDo paheAMcavI joIe. - jaina samAje, Ama, ghaNuM judI judI dizAomAM, judAM judAM kAryakSetramAM saMgaThita thaIne kArya karavAnI jarUra che. videzanA eka arthazAstrIe joyuM che ke jeno je rakama dAnamAM Ape che, sAdharmika kAryo pAchaLa khace che teTalI vyaktidITha sarerAza rakama duniyAmAM bIjI koI koma kharcatI nathI. A dAnapravAhane lIdhe ja jenuM UjaLApaNuM che. potAnI jJAnasaMpatti ke dhanasaMpattimAMthI je kaI mANasa gheDuM paNa dAna karatA nathI te "jaina" kahevAvAne pAtra nathI. jaina bALamAM A saMskAra janmathI ja hoya che. eTale ja ApaNA dAnanA pravAhane je vadhu vyavasthita banAvavAmAM Ave te haju paNa ghaNuM sArAM pariNAmo AvI zake. A paNe AzA rAkhIe ke Avo ujjavaLa divasa ApaNane vahelo jovA maLe.

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japa-sAdhanA zazikAnta mahetA japa-sAdhanA AdhyAtmika vijJAnamAM suparicita ane sarva mAnya che. vaidika, paurANika, smArta, tAMtrika, bauddha ke suphI ane IsAI mArgamAM japanuM mahatva ane jarUriyAta mukta kaMThe kahevAmAM AvyAM che. ApaNe tyAM AgamamAM namaskAra mahAmaMtrane te 14 pUrvane (samagra jJAnane) sAra kahevAmAM AvyuM che. zrutajJAna e vanittAna che. japa-sAdhanAnuM lakSya sAdhakane anakSara-bhAva-kRtamAM laI javAnuM hoya che.nAmathI nAdAnusaMdhAna thAya che ane rUpathI timAM javAya che. arihaMtanuM nAma ane tenA zabdorUpI rUpamAM paramAtmaprakAza ane ISTane prasAda ApavAnI saMpUrNa zakti che. japa-sAdhanAnI aMtargata jIvanamuktino mArga spaSTa rIte sAMpaDe che. ganI kaThina prakriyA, kriyAyoganAM jaTila vidhAne, jJAnamArganI vicAra bahula gaMbhIratA, bhakitamArgane rasamaya u9lAsa, e sarvane mATe sulabha nathI. japa-sAdhanA sarvane mATe apAyAsa sAdhya che. je samyapha zraddhA, bhAva ane samajaNathI maMtra-sAdhanA thAya che te jJAna, bhakti ane karmayoganI sAdhanAonA phaLa jeTale ja lAbha sahaja rIte prApta thAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa "brahma arthAt paramAbhepadanuM svarUpa nAdAzrita raheluM che tene anubhava paNa bahu kaSTa vagara thAya che. prAcIne jene " vAga' kahe che, madhyakAlIna saMtagaNu jene surata-zabda-ga kahe che, arvAcIna gIgaNa jene "zabdabrahmanI

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164 jaina sAhitya samAroha upAsanA kahe che, te japa--sAdhanA vartamAnakALamAM a kAmanI duniyAmAM vyasta rahetA jIvane bahu ja AchA prayAse anubhavanA prakAzamAM laI javA sama" che. je zabdabrahmamAM niSNAta bane che te parabrahmanI upAsanA karI zake che. zabdAtIta paramapadanA sAkSAtkAra mATe zabdane ja Azraya laine zabdarAjyanuM ullaMdhana karI zakAya. Akhu vizva zabdamAM ja udhRta che ane zabdamAM ja vikRta che. zabda jagatasRSTinuM mULa che. sRSTi - zabdapUvikA che. jagat zabdaprabhava che. AjanuM vijJAna tA ApaNe deha e dhanIbhUta thayelA dhvani - Cystalised Sound --che ema kahe che. A zabda eTale nAda-dhvani-spaMdana. AkhI sRSTi anaMtaanata spadanenI eka hAramALA che, paraMtu A vizvakalaravanI pAchaLa eka mahAmauna che te mahAmonamAM japa-sAdhanA paryAvasita thAya tyAre dhyeyanI prApti thaI gaNAya. nAda e jIvanI mULa prANazakti che ane te nAbhimAM nivAsa kare che. te avyakta ni che. avyakta nAda abhivyakta thavA mAMge che tyAre hakya sudhI Ave che. tyAM badhA vikalpAne pAra karI, kAthI dhArUpa prApta karI, mukhathI vyakata thAya che. kaMThe biMdusthAne che. mukha kalAne sthAne che. zabda eTale 'athI ha' sudhInI vahu mAtRkA va mALAnuM parArUpa ahUM che. ahaMmaya nAda nAbhikamaLamAM avyakta rUpathI vidyamAna che. nAda amAtra che arUpI che. biMdu amAtra - setu che. kalA-trimatra-triguNAtmaka saMsAra che. e prakAre nAda-biMdu kalA pravAtmaka che. kAramaya che, (ahramaya che.) nizrcala parAvAkuM rUpa pravAtmaka kuMDalinIzakti e ja prakRti che. uccAraNu thA pUrve A nAda parapraNavarUpathI nAbhi

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pasAdhanA 165 maMDaLamAM vyApta rahe che, jyAre te jAgrata thAya che tyAre bhramaranI samAna gu Mjana karatA hRdayakamaLamAM vyaMjanAnI sAthe maLIne kaThamA mAM AvI nizcitasvarUpa AkRtine grahaNa karI mukhakamaLathI sthUla rUpamAM praveza kare che. e rIte nAda caitanya nAbhimAM suSupti rUpe kaThapradezamAM biMdurUpe svapnavat ane sukhakamaLamAM jAgrata thaIne zabdacyAraNa kare che. jagata-sarjananA ArAhaNaneA krama parAmAMthI pazyanti, pazyantimAMthI mAdhyamAmAM ane madhyamAmAMthI vaikharImAM javAnA che. japa-sAdhanA e kramane ulaTAvIne vaikharImAMthI parAmAM javAnI sAdhanA che. parA pachI zabdanI gati nathI. vaikharI vANI e vAstavamAM jIvane svarUpasaMdeca, aNubhAvabahirAtmabhAva che. vaikharI e saMpUrNapaNe dehAtmabhAva che. japanA e aMga che. tajJapasta mAvanam |vyAharaNa tathA anusmaraNa. ma`trAkSaramAM agAdha rahasya che. ma`tranA ekeeka akSaramAM jyAre ekAMtabhAvathI citta abhiniviSTa thAya che tyAre zabda, artha ane pratyaya - traNenA saMgama thAya che. prathama AraMbha vaikharI japathI thAya che. vAcika, upAMzu ane mAnasika japa e vaikharI japanA avAntara bheda che. japanI saMkhyA vadhavAthI kaThe rAdha thAya che, tyAre japa ApeAApa aMdara cAle che tene sva-bhAvamAM japa thayA ema yAgIe kahe che. pahelA japa mUlAdhAramAM, bAdamAM nAbhimAM ane tyArabAda hRdayamAM japa jyAre cAle che tyAre sau prathama nAdamizrita japa thAya che ane chevaTe nAdAzrita japa banI jAya che. hRdayakamaLamAM utthita thatA aneka sakalpa-vikAne zamAvIne jyAre mAMtrajapanA zabdo nAdamizrita thAya

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166 jaina sAhitya samAroha che (ahIyAM bhUmikA ApeApa Ave che) tyAre madhyamAnI mutramayI bhUmimAM praveza thAya che, manuSya kaMThemAM utthita thatI vANI, mAnasika cintA ane manegata bhAvathI jaDAyelI rahe che. smRti-parizuddhithI A vaikharInA sAMkane parihAra thAya che ane annamaya-maneAmaya prANamaya kaSAnI azuddhio dUra thaIne madhyamAmAM maMtra caitanyane unmeSa AMzika anubhavAya che. pUrvasa skArAne kAraNe vAravAra madhyamAmAMthI vaikharImAM (bahirAmabhAvamAM ) AvAgamana thayA kare che. paraMtu jyAre saMkhyAthI, bhAvathI ane sauSThavathI japa cAlu rahe che tyAre smRti-nAza (kanAza e smRtinAza ja che) thavA mAMDe che ane matrA anAhata dhvanimAM paryAvita thAya che. eka tarapha guruzakti ane eka tarapha svakIya prayatnathI sAdhaka aMtarAtmabhAvane pAme che ane tenuM vIya mUlAdhAramAMthI Udhva gatine pAmIne AjJA ane sahasrAramAM javA prayAsa kare che. madhyamAnA artha e pratimAM madhyavatI sthAna setu che. pAzava vaikharI vAk ane pazyanti divya vAdnA madhyamA setu che. matrAkSAnA vAcyanA anugrahathI, vaikharImAMthA madhyamAmAM jema utthAna thayuM, tevI ja rIte AmnAya ane vizvAsaJAhulyanA prabhA vathI pakSyantinI divyavAkunA paNa sparza thAya ja che. jyAM maMtradevatA-AtmA-ane prANunI ekatA thatAM ma`tracaitanyane sAkSAt anubhava thAya che. vyaktitvanuM visarjana ane astitvanA kheAdhanI jhAMkhI ahI maLe che. panti e AtmAnI amRtakaLA che. pazyantimAM svarUpadaza nathI adhikAranivRtti thAya che. pazyantithI para je parAvAku che te anicanIya paraMtu svasa vedha anubhava che jayAM vyaktimata jagata samaSTigata jagatamAM vilIna thAya

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japa-sAdhanA che. ane samaSTi jagata paNa parameSThI jagatamAM paryAvasita thAya che. A avasthAmAM zabdanI gati nathI. spaMdane - tarage saMpUrNa paNe vilIna bane che. ekamAtra amRta ane joti svarUpane anubhava thAya che. AkAzano guNa vani che. jayAre zabda nimAM ane avani AkAzamAM laya pAme che tyAre parama prakAza - parama zremamAM vihAra thAya che. tyAM AtmAnI ziva ane zakti baMnenuM avibhAjya yuma siddha thAya che. Agamika bhASAmAM tene upaga ane upagrahanI saMpUrNa zuddhi kahe che. ApaNe tyAM yugaliyuga, yugalIA-yugalabhAva-kAmalabhAva vagerenI vAta Ave che, jemAM mAtra icchA karavAthI ja INita male che te maMtranI A parAkASThAmAM taddana zakya che. e ja prAyaH saMdarbhamAM yugalika yuganI vAta haze. Aje vijJAne e siddha karI batAvyuM che ke eka vAra cetanAnA spaMdanarahita kSetramAM praveza thAya to tyAM samagra sarjanane strota rahyo che. The third Law of Thermodynamics has now proved that in a vacuum state there is perfect orderliness and creativity. 24degEndlost 2492911 eka vizALa zaktino strota che. paramapadamAM praviSTa thavA mATe japa-yoga eka abhyAraha che. maMtrAkSaronA agAdha rahasyane pAmavA mATe to jema samudramAM DUbakI mArIne rane-matIne meLavI zakAya che ema vAraMvAra A nirmaLa cetanAnA sAgaramAMthI nityanUtana navAM-navAM khetI o maLatAM rahe che. namaskAra maMtranA 68 akSaro, jenuM khulya na thAya tevA amUlya akSara che, jenA AzrayathI anaMta cho amUlya pada(siddhipada)ne pAmyA che. hRdayakamaLa ke je cidAkAza kahevAya che temAM jyAre maMtrane vimarza thaIne anAhatanAdanuM zravaNa thAya che tyAre sAdhakane vismayapulaka ane pramodano romAMca thAya che. tenA badhA ja saMkalpa vikalapanA -

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jaina sAhitya samAroha rUpI "arine bahaMta' thAya che ane arihaMtamAM potAnA vismarAyelA svarUpanuM darzana thAya che. upara joyuM tema jyAre jAgrata ane svapna avasthAne pAra karI suSupti avasthA maMtrajApathI prApta thAya che tyArabAda turata ja turIya ane turIyAtIta sthitimAM praveza thAya che. -suSupti bhAvanAnuM sthAna bhUmadhya-sthita biMdu che. Indri dvArA jAgRtika vyApArane jAgrata avasthA kahe che, jyAre caturvidha aMtaHkaraNa dvArA vyavahArane svapnAvasthA, ane aMtaHkaraNa-vRttinA layarUpa upazama-rUpA avasthAne suSupti kahe che. (lokika bhASAmAM je satele eTale ke dehAdhyAsamAM che tenA pAMca jAge che zabda-rUpa-rasa-gaMdhasparza, e jIvanI bebhAna avasthA che ane je jAgelo che tenA pAMca sUtA che-jeno artha je suSuptimAM -suSucchAmAM che te dehAdhyAsathI para bane che tema samajI zakAya. - biMdunI prAptine tAMtrika bhASAmAM ardha mAtrAnI prApti kahe che. tyArabAda biMdunavakathI sahastAramAM rahelA paramacaitanyanuM milana thAya che. jyAre maMtrAkSaronA AlaMbanathI.yAnathI-trimAtrarUpI bAhyabhAvane recaka thAya che ane aMtarAtmabhAvano pUraka thAya che tyAre mane ekamAtrAmAM kendrita che. sAmAnya rIte mana ekamAtrAmAM rahetuM nathI. caMcaLatAnA kAraNe mAtrAnuM bAhulya mana vAraMvAra pAmI jAya che. paraMtu biMdusthAna upara eka vAra mana kendrita alpa samaya mATe paNa jyAre thAya che tyAre sahastrAramAM birAjamAna paramacaitanyanI karuNA nIce vahIne biMdumAM sAdhakane eTalI parikSAvita karI mUke che ke te manane vAraMvAra kendrimAM rahevA prerita kare che. maMtrarahasyanA je traNa pAda che-saMbodhana-vizeSaNa-dravaNa tenA

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japa-sAdhanA 169 biMdumAM pahecyA bAda, sa`meAdhana-vizeSaNunI kRti pUrI thAya ane dvipAkSika dravaNa zarU thaI jAya che. jeTalA aMzamAM sAdhakanI kRti bhramanyamAM rahe che teTalA vakhata satata amRtadhArA sahasrAramAMthI valA ja kare che. AgamA jene navapadanI ArAdhanA( siddhacakranI ArAdhanA) kahe che tene maMtrazAstra biMdunavakanI sAdhanA kahe che. biMduthI zarU thatA ArahaNanI bhUmikA nIce mujaba che. biMduM, ardhacandra, rASinI, nAda, nAdAMta, zakti, vyApInI, samanA, unmanA biMdumAtrAthI amAtramAM javAnuM dvAra che, jyAre kapALapradezamAM upara caDhavAnuM thAya che tyAre je sAmarasa jhare che tene ardhacandra kahe che. rAdhinImAM dik--kAlanuM pAkaya rahetuM nathI. tyArabAda ane nAdAMtanI bhUmikA e biMduMnuM saMpUrNa laya thavuM te che. ahIM jIvAne bhAva zeSa rahyo che te naSTa thAya che ane zaktinA sthAnamAM eka virATa caitanyanA azane-ahune-ahune anubhava kare che. vyApInI -samanA sudhI sUkSmayAga rahe che. tyArabAda unmanAmAM ceAganirodha thAya che. nAdanA aMtamAM tattvajJAnanA uddaya thAya che. sAkSara maTI svAkSara banAya che. A rIte biMdumAMthI siMdhunI sRSTi thAya che. maMtrasAdhanA A pramANe sthUla bhUmikAmAMthI aMtimasthAna sudhInuM utthAna karavA samartha che, yukti, zAstra, mahAjanavAkaya ane Atmapratyaya A cAreyathI paraspara aviruddha evuM tenuM kAryuM che. yuktithI anumedanIya banAya, zAstrathI saMskAra paDe, 'mahAjanavAkayathI samana thAya ane AtmapratyayathI parIkSAnubhUti pratyakSa thAya, sarvAM saMzayeAnuM nirasana thAya. japa sAdhanA A cAre ya dvArAthI siddha che. japasAdhanAmAM ma`trAkSarAne zabdabrahmanI vyAkhyA ApI te keTalI sAka che te A uparathI samajaze. zabdabrahmanA niSNAta eTale tik sAmAnyathI sajIvarAzimAM rahela anAhatarUpI AtmatatraneA svIkAra. tene

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170 jaina sAhitya samAroha svIkAra jIvarAzi upara samAnabhAva-abhedabhAva-ahiMsaka bhAva vikasAve che. ahiMsaka bhAva jene siddha thayA che te ja parabrahmanI prApti karI zake che. zabdabrahmanuM vAcya parama svasa vaidya Atmatattva che te UrdhvatA sAmAnya che. AtmatattvanA sAkSAtkAra ahiMsaka bhAva varelAne ja thaI zake che. ahiMsaka A cArane ja brahmanI upamA ApI che. AcArAMganA 9 adhyayanane brahmASTayana kahevAya che. bauddha zAstrAmAM maigyAdi bhAvezane brahmavihAra, jeneAmAM ahiMsaka AcArane brahmavihAra te ja taMtrazAstranuM zabdala che. temAM niSNAta thayelA parabrahmane pAme che. parabrahma eTale UrdhvatAsAmAnyathI Atmadravya upayAga ane ti' k sAmAnyathI upagrahasaMbaMdha. navakAra e upayeAga-upagraha banainI zuddhi karatA zabdabrahma. japanI sAmarthya siddhi mATe 3 apekSA rahe che. vidyA-zraddhA-upaniSada vidyA eTale correct technique zraddhA eTale working belief and interest upaniSada eTale rahasyajJAna--grasp of basic principles vidyA eTale maMtra-yaMtra-taMtra traNenuM akayatA pUrNAMkanuM anuSThAna ( prayAgapaddhati ). zraddhA eTale kAmAM hRdayapUrvakane sahayeAga sAdhanAmAM sAdhya bharI jijJAsA. prAptinI upaniSada eTale aMtani hita tattvanuM jJAna upaniSadamAM zabdavijJAna (Acoustics) sUkSmadhvanivijJAna (Supcrsonics) vicivijJAna( Wave Mechanics)nI samajaNu heAvI jarUrI che.

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japa-sAdhanA 17 kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya bhagavaMta hemacandrAcArye A mATe ja mAtRkAonA dhyAnano svataMtra-ga nirdeza karyo che. mAtRkAonA-varNamALAnA-"a" thI "ha' sudhInA akSaronA: dhyAnathI maMtrAnuM rahasya khUba jhaDapathI khUlI jAya che. varNamALAne tethI ja kevaLajJAnanA TukaDA kahyA che. varNamALAne pratyeka akSara tene vAgye zuddha Atma dravya che, jethI pratyeka akSaranA dhyAnathI atizIvratApUrvaka Atmapratyayane lAbha thAya che. A kArya mATe te rahasyavida-pravegakuzaLa ane zraddhALu sAdhaka joIe. maMtra-jApanAM ATalAM rahasyaghATana bAda paNa ApaNe zarUAta sthUla dehathI ja karavAnI che. ane jApamAM AvatI bAdhAonI zarUAtamAM haTAvyA. vagara sAdhanA AgaLa vadhe nahIM. ApaNe tyAM badhI ja ArAdhanA dravya-kSetra-kALa ane bhAva joIne karavAnI vAte ThekaThekANe thAya che kALa eTale Time Factor : zubhavAsanAthI pratikULa samayane anukULa karavo joIe. kSetra eTale Space Factor: japa karatI vakhate sthAna paNa ekAMta ane bahAranA vikSubdha vAtAvaraNathI dUra hevuM joIe. (eka oraDAmAM paNa AvuM vAtAvaraNa sarjI zakAya che. A thaye zubhayoga. tyArabAda dravya eTale Instrumental Factor jemAM cita dhRtiratine dhA Na karatuM banAve tyAre ja japa saphaLa bane che. A thA. zubhAgraha ( kAsarga mAM jatAM pahelAM zraddhAe, medhAe, dhIe, dhAraNAe aNu pehA vagere dvArA ApaNe A ja karIe chIe.) ane chevaTe bhAva eTale zubha vAsanA, zubha yoga ane zubhAgraha bAda zubhasaMdhinuM kArya bhAvathI thAya che, jene AecordonceFactor kahe che, arthAta je saMpUrNa zraddhAthI kArya na thAya to bhAva

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172 jaina sAhitya samAroha bane nahIM. abhiSTa vastuo sAthe saMdhi karavAmAM bhAvanI pradhAnatA rahevI ja joIe. japa abhyArohano krama A rIteprathama kRtija5 - bAda rucija5 -bAda ratija5 chevaTe smRti-ja5 rahe che ke jyAre ajapAjapanI sthiti prApta thatAM sadA-sarvatra sarvathA ISTanuM zaraNa-smaraNa-sAtatya maLyA ja kare che. paramaISTanI sAthe A prakAre, sau prathama tadArepita saMbaMdha taprapanna saMbaMdha tAzrita saMbaMdha tadUbhAvabhAvita saMbaMdha siddha thAya che. A samasta prakriyA nIcenA maMtramAM samajI zakAya. na hI DahaM namaH saccidAnaMdaghana, nAdabiMdukalA amRtajyoti svarUpAya namo namaH 1. meM = cetanyanuM bahumAna jethI pudgalanA rAgarUpI Ata dhyAna TaLe che. 2. zrI = mAyAbIja che je vaDe jI taraphanA kaSAyabhAva raudradhyAnane tyAga thAya che. 3. huM = vizuddha caitanya che je vaDe dharmadhyAna thAya che. 4. nama:-namabhAvanI parAkASTAmAM zukaladhyAna thAya che. 5. saccidAnaMda ghana = namobhAvanI parAkASThAe AtmAnA sat cita AnaMda svarUpanI prApti thAya che. (Experience of Tru ine) 6. navaMtuwA = jene abhyAre prathama nAdamAM, bAdamAM ahaMnA

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japa-sAdhanA 173 biMdumAM tathA tyArabAda amRtajharatI kalAmAM thAya che. 7. mamratoti amRta ane jyoti svarUpa zuddha cetanyane anubhava thavo. svAH te A maMtra-jApa daramyAna sAdhanAnA vikAsakramane yathAthI rIte batAve che. tene 12,500nI saMkhyAno jApa zIdhrapagatimAM sahAyaka bane che. jIvanamAM koIpaNa kSetramAM siddhi mATe vidyA-kriyA-dhayAna-bhAva e cAra vagara cAlatuM nathA, sAdhanAnuM dhana vinAmUlya kharIdI zakAya nahIM. japa-sAdhanA pratye prabuddha jane je jAgrata bane te bahu, ja TUMkA gALAmAM sAdhanAmAM tRpti tathA gati maLe. - je ApaNe phakta vidyA jANavAthI ja aTakIzuM ane tene kriyAmAM, dhyAnamAM ane bhAvamAM nahIM laI jaIe to, je tapasyAthI . vimukha rahIzuM, parizramamAM kAyara rahIzuM to eka bhavya vArasAnA. vArasadAra hevAne ApaNe hakka gumAvI daIzuM. - 1985nI sAla saMyukta rASTra saMgha (UNA) vizvazAMti varSa tarIke ujavavA mAMge che. AvatAM be varSamAM namaskAra mahAmaMtranI ArAdhanA ApaNuM sakaLa saMghomAM ghaniSTha bane ane yogIo tatvajJAnIo, sAdhakenA sahAgathI A mahAmaMtramAM rahela vizvazAntinA akhUTa jharAne A pRthvInA pATale visapheTa thAya e ja abhyarthanA. A lekhanA vicAro amArA pUjya guru bhagavaMta sva. paMnyAsajI zrI bhadrakavijayajInI anugrahita kRpAthI ja vyakta thaI zakyA chekSatio rahI hoya te mArI che, te badala kSamA karaze.

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jaina gurjara sAhityano mahAmUle saMdarbhagraMtha jaina gurjara kavio prA. jayaMta kaThArI mehanalAla dalIcaMdabhAI desAIne kizorAvasthAmAM joyA hatA tenuM jhAMkhuM smaraNa Aje paNa thAya che. dhetiyuM, aMgarakhuM, meTe bhAge kALI TopI ane moMmAM sigAreTa. muMbaImAM vakIlAta karatA hatA ane satata kaMIka lakhavAmAM rokAyelA rahetA hatA ema sAMbhaLyuM hatuM. pAchaLathI cittabhrama jevI avasthA thaI hovAnuM paNa jANyuM hatuM, paNa emane vadhAre oLakhavAnI te e uMmara nahotI. gharamAM emano lakhele jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa" hato. "saMkSipta tarIke oLakhAvAyelA, hajAra uparAMta pAnAMnA e daLadAra thathAmAM saMgharAyelI mAhitInA DhagalAmAM paNa kaMI ruci thaI nahotI. ApaNuM sAhityanA itihAsamAM te mehanalAla dalIcaMda desAInuM nAma zAnuM jaDe? paNa adhyApaka thayA pachI emanA jaina gUrjara kavionuM nAma jANavAnA ane kavacit ene javAnA, emAMthI madada meLavavAnA prasaMga paNa AvyA. Ama chatAM, A graMthanI vizeSatAnI ane enI pAchaLa paDelA zramanI jhAjhI samaja paDI hatI ema na kahevAya. e samaja paDI gujarAtI sAhityakeza mATe jaina gUrjara kavio' sAthe kAma pADavAnuM thayuM tyAre, kezakAryAlayanA sarva sAthIoine paNa e vAtanuM parama Azcarya che ke eka mANasa ekale hAthe ATalI gaMjAvara sAmagrI ekaThI karI zake ane AvI surata vaijJAnika vyavasthAthI ne viSayanI pitAnI sarva jANakArIne kAme lagADIne rajU

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mahAmUle saMdarbhagraMtha 175 karI zake. emane jijJAsA paNa che ke zrI desAIe kaI paddhatithI kAma karyuM haze, veravikhera sAmagrIne saMkalita karIne mUkavA mATe sacikArDa ke evAM kayAM sAdhanAne upayogamAM lIdhAM haze. kezakAryAlayanA kAryakarane paNa vizALa saMdarbha sAmagrI sAthe kAma pADavAnuM thayuM che ane jaTila vyavasthAtaMtra nipajAvavuM paDayuM che je sAmUhika zramathI ja cAlI zake tema che ema emane lAgyuM che, tethI emane AvA prazno thAya e sAhajika che. zrI desAInAM ghaNAM kAma dhIme dhIme jANavA maLyAM. "AnaMda kAvyamahodadhi" vageremAM jaina kavio vizenA emanA keTalA vIgatapUrNa lekhe paDelA che ! svataMtra pustikArUpe TakI zake tevA. ema lAge che ke A sAhityasaMzodhakanA kAryane aMdhArA khUNAmAMthI bahAra lAvavAnI ane ene gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa racavAmAM egya rIte upayogamAM levAnI jarUra che. jaina sAhitya para te mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAInI sevA mahAmUlI che. jaina gurjara kavione pahele bhAga bahAra paDayA pachI aMbAlAla jAnIe ene "saMjana temaja saMvidhAnapura:sara prakaTa karele mahAmUle mahAbhArata sUcigraMtha" gaNuMvelo ane kezava harSada dhruve to zrI desAIne tyAM sudhI lakheluM ke tame jaina gujarAtI sAhityanI jevI sevA bajAvI che tevI jenetara gujarAtI sAhityanI sevA bajAvanAra koI nathI." A jaina gurjara kavio' zuM che ane enuM mUlya zAmAM raheluM che ? jaina gUrjara kavio mukhyatve hastaprata rUpe sacavAyelA sAhi'tyanI sUci che. "mukhyatve" ema kahevAnuM kAraNa e ke A sUcimAM mudrita sAmagrIne paNa samAvI levAmAM AvI che ane ethI vIsamI sadInA rAjacaMdra vagere keTalAka arvAcIna graMthakAre paNa emAM dAkhala

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176 jaina sAhitya samArI thayA che; khIjI bAjuthI, sAhityasUci uparAMta keTalIka pUraka sAmagrI paNa lekhake emAM pariziSTA rUpe joDI che. jaina bhaMDArAmAM hastapratarUpe sacavAyeluM sAhitya eTaluM vipula che ke mudrita sAhitya tA enI tulanAmAM najaramAM paNa na Ave. A sAhityanI teAMdha levAnuM kAma mahAbhArata kAma banI jAya emAM jarAya navAI nathI. 1926mAM 'jaina gUrjara kavie'ne prathama bhAga bahAra paDayo tyAre zrI desAI 15 varSathI A viSayamAM kAma karI rahyA hatA. emaNe jAte ghaNA hastapratasaMcaye (derAsarAnA, bhaMDArAnA ane vyaktigata paNu) joIne sAmagrI utArI hatI ane keTalAka munirAjo vagere pAsethI utarAvelI sAmagrI paNa meLavI hatI. kayAMya paNa javAnuM thAya tyAM hastapratA meLavavA ane enI noMdha laI levA tarapha emanuM satata lakSa rahetuM hatuM ema emaNe nAMdhelI hakIkatA parathI dekhAya che; eTale ke emaNe A kAmane eka mizana' tarIke hamezAM joyuM. zrI desAIe 50 jeTalA hastapratasaMcayeA joyA heAya evuM jaNAya che. 'jaina gUrjara kavio'nA trIjo bhAga 1944mAM pragaTa thayA, eTale meAhanalAla dalIcaMda desAIne A sAhityayana lagabhaga 33 va cAlye! ema kahevAya. A dIrgha samayagALAmAM zrI desAInI vyAvasAyika kArakidI nA bhAga tA levAyA ja haze, paNa te uparAMta pATaNu, jesalamera Adi nAnAM-meTAM aneka gAmAnA bhaMDArAnI saMkhyA baMdha hastapratA uthalAvIne emAMthI jarUrI sAmagrI neAMdhavAnuM kAma emaNe keTalI agavaDa-sagavaDa veThIne karyuM haze enI teA kalpanA ja karavAnI rahe che. AjathI 50 varSa pahelAM A hastapratA sudhI paheAMcavuM paNa theADu duSkara haze, sAdhuo ane zreSThIone e mATe sama jAvavA-manAvavA paDatA paNa haze. sAhityaprIti vinA na thaI zake. A badhuM parama saMzAdhananA te

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mahAmUlA saMdarbhagraMtha zrI desAInA A dIrgha sAhityayajJanuM pariNAma pahelI ja najare ApaNane prabhAvita kare evuM che. enI keTalIka hakIkato ApaNe joIe, (1) traNa bhAga ane cAra graMtha (kema ke trIjo bhAga be khaMDamAM vaheMcAyo che)mAM vistarelA jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM kula 4061 pAnAnI nIce mujabanI sAmagrI cheH ra999 pAnAM : jaina (ane DAka jainetara) gujarAtI kavionI kRtionI noMdha 16 6 pAnAM : uparanI sAmagrInI zabdAnukramaNikAo 896 pAnAM : pUraka sAmagrI - 4061 pAnAM (2) emAM nIce mujabanI saMkhyAmAM kartAo ane kRtio noMdhAyelAM che: 987 jena kartAo 2055 e jaina kartAonI kRtio 141 jaina gadyakAro 850 e jaina gadyakAratI kRtio 90 jenetara graMthakAre 90 jeTalI e jainetara graMthakAronI kRtio A AMkaDA zrI desAIe pite anukramAMka ApyA che tenA che. emaNe ka, kha, ema karIne kartAo ne kRtio umerelAM che te A AMkaDA uparAMtanAM thAya. bIjI bAjuthI, jena gadyakAre ne gadyakRtiAmAMthI ghaNAnI nedha sAmAnya vibhAgamAM thaI ja gaI che ane ajJAtakartaka kRtionA kartAne paNa kamAMka apAyA che e jotAM

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178 jaina sAhitya samAroha 1000 jeTalA jaina graMthakAra ane emanI 2500 jeTalI kRtionI ahIM noMdha che ema kahevAya. stavane, sajhAyo Adi nAnI kRtio jyAM noMdhAyelo che tyAM saMkhyAMkamAM ene lIdhI nathI, eTale 2500 te lAMbI gaNanApAtra kRtionI saMkhyA gaNAya. | (3) traNa bhAgamAM zabdAnukramaNikAo ApavAmAM AvI che. pahelA ane bIjA bhAgamAM kartAonI, moTI kRtionI ne nAnI kRtionI zabdAnukramaNikA che, te trIjA bhAgamAM A uparAMta gadyakAra ane gadyakRtionI alaga anukramaNikA che ne kRtiomAM ke enI pupikAomAM ullikhita sthalasthAnAdi tathA rAjakartAonAM nAmonI anukramaNikA paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. kRtionI anukramaNikA emane prakAravAra vagata karIne ApavAmAM AvI che. () pUraka sAmagrImAM pahelA be bhAgamAM apAyela saMvatavAra kRti anukramaNikA (60 pAnAM), jaina kathAnAmakeSa (22 pAnA), jaina sAdhuonI gurupaTAvalI (214 pAnAM), rAjAvalI (8 pAnAM), dezIenI anukramaNikA (272 pAnAM) ane jUnI gujarAtI bhASAne saMkSipta itihAsa(320 pAnAMone samAveza thAya che. jainakathAnAyakeSamAM Azare 500 jeTalAM kathAnA (kathAnAyakanAM nAmo)nI ene mATenI mULa AdhArasAmagrInA nirdeza sAthenI noMdha che, jyAre dezIonI anukramaNikAmAM lagabhaga 2500 jeTalI dezIonI e jyAM vaparAyelI hoya te sthAnanI noMdha sAthenI yAdI che. paTAvalI ane rAjAvalI agatyanI caritrAtmaka mAhitIne paNa samAve che. te jUnI gujarAtI bhASAnA saMkSipta itihAsamAM gujarAtInA udubhavane anuSaMge enI pUrva paraMparAne khAsa karIne apabhraMza bhASAsAhityane vigatasabhara paricaya che. ) sAmagrInI A pracuratA ane vaividhya jaina gUrjara kavione eka saMdarbhagraMtha tarIke asAdhAraNa mUlya sthApI Ape emAM navAI

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mahAmUlA sadagraMtha 199 nathI. ATalI badhI sAmagrovALA sAhityanA khIjo kAI sadagraMtha gujarAtI bhASAmAM batAvave muzkela che. 4 'jaina gujara kavio'nI vizeSatA mAtra enI pracura sAmagrImAM nathI. enI jhINavaTabharI cesa vyavasthAyI ne vaijJAnika abhi gamathI thayelo rajUAtamAM paNa che. ApaNe e vyavasthA ane vaijJAnika abhigamanI paNa theADI jhAMkhI karIe. graMthakArI ane emanI kRtiene zrI desAIe samayanA kramamAM saikAvAra vahe'cIne rajU karyA che. pAchaLathI be vAra umerAyelI sAmagrImAM paNa A ja krama rAkhyA che. kartAne emaNe kramAMka ApyA che je 987 sudhI paheAMce che. nAMdhAyelI kRtione paNa emaNe saLaMga kramAMka ApyA che, je 2055 sudhI pahece che. A paddhatithI eka khAsa lAbha thayeA che te noMdhavA jevA che. zabdAnukramaNikAmAM zrI desAIe pRSTAMka uparAMta kartA ke kRtikramAMka paNa nAMdhyA che, jema ke ajitadevasUri (pallIvAla guccha) 702-671. ahI 702 e kartAkramAMka che ane 675 e pRSTAMka che. khemAMthI eka AMkaDA kheATA AvI gayA hoya ( kayAMka Ama banI javuM sahaja che) tyAM paNa e kartA ke kRtine zeAdhavAtI khIjI cAvI ApaNI pAse rahe ja che ! jaina guja`ra kavie'mAM sau prathama kartAnAma, enI kRti emAMthI maLatAM guccha ane guruparaMparAnA nirdeza sAthe mUkavAmAM AvyuM che. pachI samayAnukrame kRtienI noMdha che temAM zaAtamAM kRtinAmanI sAthe kRtinI racanAtithi ke lekhanasaMvata ke anumAnele samaya ane racanAsthaLanI mAhitI nAMdhI lIdhI che; pachI kRttinA Adi ane aMtanA bhAgeA naiAMdhyA che, ane pachI pratenI puSpikAe taiAMdhI che ane pratanAM pRSTha ane pRSTAMta tapaktisakhyA sAthe enuM prAptisthAna paNa darzAvyuM che. kRti mudrita hAya tA kRtinAma

Page #199
180 jaina sAhitya samAroha pUrva + nizAnI karI che ane kRti vizenI mAhitIne aMte e kayAM mudrita thaI che e neDyuiM che. kartA vizenI anyatrathI prApta thatI vizeSa mAhitI paNa aneka sthAne pAdaTIparUpe ke chelle svataMtra noMdharUpe mUkI che. AvI sarvagrAhI noMdhane kAraNe A mAtra hastapratasUci banI rahevAne badale eka mahattvanI saMdarbha sAmagrI banI jAya che. badhI nedha keI ne kaI keyaDA ukelavAmAM sahAyarUpa thaI paDe evuM bane che. kRtinA Adi ne aMtanA bhAgo udadhRta karavAnI paddhatinuM mUlya te jeTaluM AMkIe eTaluM ochuM che. saMpAdake mukhya hakIkatonI tAravaNImAM ke karelA keI anumAnamAM kaMI bhUla karI hoya to te pakaDavAnI sagavaDa ApaNu pAse rahe che. jUnI kRtio paratve kaMIka juduM vAcana thaI javAnI zakyatA eTalI badhI hoya che ke hastapratonI kaI paNa sUci AraMbha ane aMtanA bhAgenI noMdha vinA na thavI joIe ema lAge. pupikAo ane vizeSa noMdhe paNa keTalIka vAra samaya vagerenA nirNayamAM cAvIrUpa bane che. zabdAnukramaNikAo kevaDI moTI madada che e saMzAdhaka jANatA ja hoya che. kezakAryAlayane anyatrathI prApta mAhitImAM zaMkA lAgI tyAre jaina gUrjara kavionI zabdAnukramaNikAonI sahAya laIne zuddhi karavAnA aneka prasaMge AvyA che; jema ke, keI kavine nAme kaI kRti maLe ane enuM kartava zaMkAspada lAge tyAre ame kRtianukramaNikAne AdhAre A viSayanI badhI kRtionA AraMbha-aMta ane pupikAe joI vaLIe ane je kartAnAma amane zaMkAspada lAgyuM hatuM te kharekharA kartAnA gurunuM ke hastapratanA lahiyAnuM nAma nIkaLe evuM bane. e ja rIte jayAM saMvata maLatI hoya tyAM saMvatavAra anukramaNikAnI madadathI paNa keyaDe ukelI zakAya che. kezakAryAlayane mATe te enI pracura sAmagrI ane A sagavaDone kAraNe jana

Page #200
mahAmUle saMdarbha graMtha 181 gUrjara kavio' eka gurucAvI samAna nIvaDela che. zabdAnukramaNikA, sthaLasthAnAdi ane rAjakartAonAM nAmo sudhI vistarI che e zrI desAInI eka saMzodhaka tarIkenI lAMbI najarane purAvo che. AvI anukramaNikA ghaNuM vividha prakAranAM saMzodhanamAM sahAyarUpa thAya. eka mitra "bhAvanagaranuM sAhityanA pradAna" e vize kAma karI rahyA hatA tyAre meM emane jaina gUrjara kavio'nI zabdAnukramaNikAmAMthI "bhAvanagara" joI javA sUcaveluM. bhAvanagaramAM racAyelI ane lipibaddha thayelI kRtionI bhALa e rIte maLI zake. jaina gUrjara kavio' eka khajAne che, paNa e khajAnAne yogya upayoga karavA mATe keTalIka bAbateM avazya lakSamAM levI paDe tevI che. enI sAmagrImAM DI bheLaseLa che, prakAzanakArya lAMbA samayapaTa para cAlyuM ane cheka chele prApta thayelI sAmagrI paNa emAM dAkhala karI devAmAM AvI che ethI mULa vyavasthA thoDIka kheravAI che; te uparAMta, sAmagrI raju karavAnI paddhatimAM keTalIka jhINavaTa che je lakSa bahAra rahevA saMbhava che. ahIM DIka bAbate tarapha abhyAsIonuM dhyAna deravuM jarUrI lAge che (1) jaina gurjara kaviomAM sAmagrI samayAnukrame saikAvAra rajU thaI che, paraMtu sAmagrI pAchaLathI umerAtI gaI che eTale eka ja saikAnAM kartA-kRtio ekathI vadhu sthAne noMdhAyelAM maLe che, jema ke 13mA saikAnI nedha bhA. 1 nA pR. 1 thI 4 upara tathA bhA. 3nA pR. 395 thI 398 temaja pR. 1474 thI 147pa upara che. saikAvAra citra meLavavA icchanAre A sthiti lakSamAM rAkhavI joIe. gujarAtI sAhityane ItihAsa' (saMpA. umAzaMkara jozI vagere) bhA. 1-2 tathA anyatra jaina sAhityanI mAhitI ApatI vakhate "jaina

Page #201
182 jena sAhitya samAroha gurjara kavione AdhAra levA hovAnuM samajAya che, paraMtu enI pUrtio badhI lakSamAM levAI hoya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. (2) uparanA ja kAraNe vahelA samayanI kRti moDI nAMdhAya ane enA kartA-kRti kramAMka pAchaLanA Ave evuM banyuM che. 12mA sikAnAM kartA kRtio cheka bhA. 3nA pR. 1472 thI 1404 upara noMdhAyAM che ane ene koMkramAMka 917 thI 919 ane kRtikramAMka 1928 thI 1931 maLyA che. AthI kramAMkane samayakramasayaka mAnavAnI bhUla na karavI joIe. (3) gadyakRtionI noMdha cheDI judI Dhabe thaI che. pahelA be bhAgamAM dareka saikAne aMte gadyakRtionI yAdIrUpa nedha ApI che ne eno zabdAnukramaNikAmAM samAveza karyo nathI. trIjA bhAgamAM pa kRtionI sAthe ja gadyakRtionI noMdha lIdhI che, te uparAMta jaina gUra gadyakAro' e zIrSakathI badhI ja prApta gadyakRtio ane enA kartAonI noMdha karI che. A chelI nedha sauthI adhikta gaNavI joIe. trIjA bhAgamAM gadyakAra ane gadyakRtionI svataMtra zabdAnukramaNikA che eTale gadyakRtio mATe mAtra trIjo bhAga ane ene alAyado vibhAga ApaNe joIe te e paryApta gaNAya. (4) sAmagrImAM be vakhata pUrti thaI che ane gadyakRtionI alaga noMdha che tethI kaI paNa kartA ke kRti vizenI samagra noMdha mATe zabdAnukramaNikAonI madada levI anivArya che. AmAM eka vAta khAsa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. trIjA bhAganI zabdAnukramaNikAmAM kauMsamAM AgalA baMne bhAgane saMdarbha samAvI lIdho che, paNa e to je kartAo ne kRtio trIjA bhAgamAM nodhAyAM hoya temanA purato ja. je kartAo ane kRtio. trIjA bhAgamAM noMdhAyAM na hoya temane mATe te pahelA ane bIjA bhAganI zabdAnukramaNikA jovAnI rahe ja che. (5) jaina gUrjara kavio'nI eka paddhati lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI

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mahAmUle saMdarbhagraMtha 183 che. koI paNa kRtinA nAma sAthe e saMvata mUke che tyAre e sAmAnya rIte racanA saMvata hoya che. "2. saM.' ema lakhavAnuM emaNe svIkAryuM nathI. paNa jyAM racanAvarSa na maLatuM hoya ane lekhanavarSa maLatuM hoya tyAM e "la. saM. 1869 pahelAM' evI noMdha kare che. Ane racanAvarSa mAnI levAnI bhUla na karI levI joIe, temaja lekhana saM. 1860 pahelAM thayuM che ema paNa mAnavuM na joIe, kRtinI lakhyAsaMvata 1869 che ane kRti te pUrve racAyelI gaNavI joIe ema emanA kahevAno Azaya heva che (6) jaina gUrjara kaviomAM kRtine samaya keTalIka vAra anumAne darzAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya che ane enA AdhArane nIce nirdeza paNa thayela hoya che. dA. ta., bhA. 3 pR. 519 para kalyANatilakanA mRgAputra saMdhine samaya saM. 1550 AsapAsa batAvavAmAM AvyuM che ene AdhAra tyAM cheDe nirdiSTa jinasamudrasUrine rAjyakALa che, je daramyAna e kRti racAyelI che. paraMtu keIka sthAnoe nirdiSTa samayanA AdhAra ApavAnuM rahI gayuM hoya evuM jaNAya che, jema ke bhA. 3, pR. 702 para dharmasakRta "nava vADine samaya saM. 1620 lagabhaga gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. tene AdhAra tyAM spaSTa karyo nathI. AvAM sthAnoe kaI virodhI pramANu na hoya te jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM kaI hakIkatane AdhAre samayane nirdeza thayo che ema mAnavuM joIe ane guruparaMparA vagere mAMthI e AdhArane zodhavAno prayatna karavA joIe. (7) jaina gUrjara kaviomAM mAhitI pUrtinuM kAma keTalIka vAra zabdAnukramaNikAnI kakSAe paNa thayuM che e dhyAna kheMce evI bAbata che. dA. ta., bhA. 3, pR. 675 para ajitadevasUri noMdhAyelA che paNa temanA gacchano nirdeza nathI. paraMtu aMtanI rtAnI zabdAnukramaNikAmAM ajitadevasUrine padilavAla gacchanA mAnavAmAM AvyA che. Ano artha

Page #203
184 jaina sAhitya samAroha ema che ke zrI desAIne ukta ajitadevasUri palivAla gacachanA hevAnI pAchaLathI khAtarI thaI che. kavionI pUrI mAhitI mATe, AthI, zabdAnukramaNikA jevI jarUrI thaI jAya che. (8) jaina gUrjara kavionA pahelA be bhAgamAM saMvatavAra anukramaNikA apAyelI che te aMge eka bAbata tarapha khAsa lakSa kheMcavuM jarUrI che. e mAtra racyA-saMvatanI anumaNikA nathI, lakhyA-saMvatanI paNa che eTale eka kRtinI jeTalI prato noMdhAyelI hoya eTalA saMvatamAM ene ullekha Ave che. uparAMta, jyAM lakhyAsaMvatanA kramamAM kRti noMdhAya che tyAM enA racanAranuM nahIM, lahiyAnuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che; ene kartA mAnI levAnI bhUla na thavI joIe. zrI desAIe saMvata pahelAM "la" (lakhyA) tathA lahiyAnA nAma pahelAM "le' (lekhaka) lakhIne A darzAvyuM che. paNa e lakSa bahAra rahyAnAM pramANe maLe che. dAkhalA tarIke, "gujarAtI sAhityane ItihAsa, naM. 2 (saMpA. umAzaMkara joSI vagere)mAM pR. 551 para udayavijayanI I. 1739nI "haMsAvatI-vikramakathAno ullekha che. paraMtu jaina gUrjara kavio bhA. 2, pR. 632 para saMvatavAra anukramaNikAmAM udayavijaya lahiyA tarIke ane saM. 1795 (I. 1739) lekhanasaMvata tarIke noMdhAyela che. mULa kRti te abhayamanI che ema tyAM darzAvela mULa sAmagrIne pRthyAMka jatAM jaNAI Ave che. gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa'mAM jaina gUrjara kavionI ja mAhitI samaja pherathI upagamAM levAI che e spaSTa che. A samaja phera ghaNuM vyApaka rIte thaI hovAnuM paNa dekhAya che. (9) jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM aneka sthAne e pahelAM ApelI mAhitI pAchaLathI sudhAravAmAM AvI che - kyAMka ekathI vadhAre vAra paNa sudhArA thayA che. zrI desAInI satata jAgRtinuM A pramANa che, paraMtu emaNe karelA A sudhArAone ApaNuM sAhityanA itihAsa

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mahAmUlA saMdarbha graMtha * vageremAM lakSamAM levAyA nathI evuM dekhAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, bhA. 1, pR. 6 para 'upadezamAlA-kathAnaka chappay nAmanI kRti noMdhAyelI che, jenA kartA ratnasiMhasUriziSya vinayacaMdra hAvAnuM anumAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. A pachI bhA, 3, pR. 401 para evA sudhArA karavAmAM AvyA che ke kartArasiMhasUriziSya udayadharma DhAvA joIe. kRtimAM 'vinayacaMdra' nAma maLatuM ja nathI, ane 'udayadharma' nAma zveSathI gUMthAyuM heAvAnuM mAnI zakAya tema che temaja ratnasiMhusUriziSya udayadharma anyatrathI maLe che, tethI A sudhArA karavAmAM AvyA che. Ama chatAM 'ApaNA kavie' (ke. kA. zAstrI, pR. 189 ) vagere dhaNA saMdarbhe A kRti vinayacaMdrane nAme mUke che. 'gujarAtI sAhityane ItihAsa' (saMpA. umAzo~kara jozI vagere) bhA. 1, pR. 284 para ratnasiMhasra riziSyane nAme te! bhA. 2, pR. 58 para udayadharmane nAme mukAyelI che ! e ja rIte, jaina gUrjara kavio' bhA. 1, pR. 51 para nyAyasuMdarane nAme 'vidyAvilAsa cApAI' teAMdhAyelI che. pachIthI bhA, 3, pR. 471 para vAcanadeASa sudhArIne kartAnAma 'AjJAsuMdara' ApavAmAM AvyuM che. Ama chatAM, gujarAtI sAhitya madhyakAlIna' (anaMtarAya rAvaLa, pR. 95) tathA 'gujarAtanA sArasvatA' (saMpA. ke. kA. zAstrI) e kartAnuM nAma nyAyasuMdara' ja Ape che, 185 kartAnAma, kartAoLakha, racanAsaMvata Adi ghaNI vigatAmAM A rIte pAchaLathI sudhArA thayA che, paNa pahelI nAMdhane AdhAre thayelA lekhanamAM mULa sthiti ema ne ema rahI gaI che. pahelI noMdhamAM pachIthI sudhArA thayA che e aNuvAtuM kAI sAdhana nathI heAtuM eTale Ama thavuM svAbhAvika che, paraMtu abhyAsIe A sthitine lakSamAM rAkhI A graMthane kALajIthI upayAgamAM leve joIe.

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186 jaina sAhitya samAreha kartAkRtinI zabdAnukramaNikAne AdhAre badhA saMdarbho joI vaLIe te tA ja sudhArA pakaDAI Ave. (10) 'jaina gUrjara kavie'mAM sapAdaH pAte joyelI hastaprateA uparAMta bIjethI maLelI ne dhAne paNa samAveza che. ArabhaaMtanA bhAge nathI ApyA te khIcethI maLelI sAmagrI che. AvI sAmagrImAM keTalIka vAra puSpikA ke bhaDAranAM nAmanirdeza che, te keTaleka ThekANe kazI ja mAhitI nathI. ene atha e che ke zrI desAIne kevaLa yAdIe maLI che ene paNa emaNe samAveza karyo che. e dekhItuM che ke Arabha-aMtanA bhAgeAvALI dhA ja pUrepUrI pramANabhUta gaNAya. kevaLa yAdIrUpe maLelI sAmagrInI pramANubhUtatA zaMkAspada lekhIne sa Mzodhakoe cAlavuM joIe. dAkhalA tarIke, bhA. 1, pR. 161 para lAvaNyaratnane nAme 'kalAvatI rAsa' ane kramalAvatI rAsa' jesalamera vagere bhaMDAramAMthI noMdhAyelA che, paraMtu enA Arabha-atanA bhAga ApyA nathI. have bhA. 3, pR. 415-16 para A ja kRti lAvaNyaratnaziSya vijayabhadrane nAme noMdhAyelI che ane tyAM apAyelA a`tabhAgeAmAMthI A hakIkatane samarthAna maLe che. eTale ema mAnavAnI sthiti Ave che ke lAvaNyaratnaziSya vijayabhadranI uparyukta kRtio jesalamera bha`DAramAM vAcanardeSane kAraNe lAvaNyaratnane nAme kaMdhAI haze. (11) zrI desAIne keTaleka sthaLethI yAdIo maLyA pachI e jAte e sthaLe jaI zakayA che ane hastapratAnI peAtAnI nedha paNa emaNe lIdhI che, yAdInI ane potAnI neAMdhanI banne sAmagrI emaNe Ameja karI che AthI banyuM che evuM ke yAdImAM vAyadoSane kAraNe kRtinI khATI mAhitI apAI huMya tA te 'jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM rahI gaI che ane e ja hastaprata sAthe sthAne paNa teAMdhAI che. Ama, eka sAcI ane eka khATI ema bevaDI noMdha thaI che.

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mahAmUla saMdarbhagraMtha 187 AnuM eka khUba noMdhapAtra udAharaNa joIe. bhA. 1, pR. 25 para pIMpalagacchanA vAraprabhasUriziSya hIrAnaMdasarine 2.saM. 1485ne "vidyAvilAsa pavADo neMdhAyuM che. A pachI pR. 11ra para malavAragara chanA guNanidhAna ziSya hIrANaMdane 2. saM. 156pano "vidyAvilAsa pavADo' noMdhAyo che ane tyAM zrI desAIe evI noMdha mUkI che ke A kAvya emaNe jAte joyuM nathI, paNa be eka ja nAmanA judA judA kavionAM, eka ja nAmanAM paNa judA judA kAvya hovAnuM emane jaNAya che. eTale ke pR. 112 paranI kartAkRtinedha emane anyatrathI maLI che. enA AraMbha-aMtanA bhAga ApyA nathI temaja pupikA paNa nathI enuM kAraNa e ja che. prata bhAMDArakara insTiTayuTa, pUnAnI che. have pR. 25 para noMdhAyelA hirAnaMdasUrinA vidyAvilAsa pavADanI hastapratanI pupikAo. joIe to emAM chellI Dekkana koleja, pUnAnI prata che, je saMvata 156pamAM maladhAragacchanA hIrA de lakhelI che. A parathI ApaNane 2 cha thaI jAya che ke eka ja kRtinI eka ja prata be ThekANe noMdhAI che ane eka ThekANe eTale pR. 11ra para pratanA lahiyA hIrANuMdane kartA gaNuM levAmAM AvyA che. A deSa zrI desAIne anyatrathI prApta mAhitImAM ja haze, paraMtu eka ja prata be ThekANe (lekha pAmI che e emanA lakSa bahAra rahyuM che. AvuM ja eka bIjuM udAharaNa joIe. bhA. 3, pR. 1282 para le kAgacachanA dAmodaraziSya khetakhetasIne nAme 2.saM. 1745nI "anAthI muninI DhALa nedhAyelI che. ahIM abhaya bhaMDAranI pratikramAMka 1454ne nirdeza che, paNa kRtinA AraMbha-aMta kazuM ja nathI. pachI pR. 1336 para nAgorI gacchanA khetasI ziSya khemane nAme paNa 2.saM. 1745nI "anAthI RSi saMdhi" noMdhAyelI che ane ene anuSaMge paNa abhaya bhaMDAranI pratikramAMka

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jena sAhitya samArela 1454ne nirdeza e spaSTa kare che ke eka prata be vAra noMdhAI che. pR. 1336 para kRtinA AraMbha aMtanA bhAga maLe che. jemAM nirdiSTa guru paraMparA che ane kavinAma "khemo' che, jenuM pra. 1282 paranI nedhamAM kheto" thaI gayuM lAge che ane gurunAma khetasI kartAnA aparanAma tarIke besADI devAyuM jaNAya che. A paNa zrI desAIne maLelI sAmagrIne ja doSa hovAnuM jaNAya che. anya koI paNa saMdarbha sAdhanane mukAbale jaina gUrjara kavionI = adhikRtatA ghaNuM vadhAre che. zrI desAIe pitAnI sarva sajajatA kAme lagADIne ne ekasAIthA sAmagrInuM arthaghaTana ane saMjana karyuM che. Ama chatAM vibhinna kAraNesara keTalIka bhUla thaI gaI che. A bhUle pakaDavAnI cAvIo emAM paDelI ja hoya che. abhyAsIe -e mATe emAM apAyelI sAmagrI tarapha pUratuM lakSa ApavAnuM rahe che. A prakAranA thoDA muddAo have ApaNe joIe: (1) vipula sAmagrInuM saMyojana karanArane avAranavAra anumAnano AdhAra levAnuM thAya e ghaNuM sAhajika che. paraMtu A -anumAna mATe koIka cekasa bhUmikA joIe ane anumAnane anumAna tarIke rajU karavAnI zAstrIya paddhati svIkAravI joIe. anumAnethI hakIkatone joDatI vakhate zrI desAIthI badhe ja thaI zakayuM - nathI. AvA thoDAka kissAo ApaNe joIe. prAcIna kRtiomAM ghaNuM vAra kavionI pUrI oLakha nahIM hevAnI, kevaLa nAmachApa hevAnI. "jaina gUrjara kavioe AvI kRtione keTalIya vAra anumAnathI keAI oLakhavALA kavine nAme mUkavAnI paddhati svIkArI che. paNa badhe ja A mATe pUrato AdhAra -heya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. ethI judA judA sthAnethI maLelI eka

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mahAmUle saMdarbha-graMtha 189 ja kRtine judA judA kartAne nAme goThavI devAI hoya evuM paNa banI gayuM che. dAkhalA tarIke, bhA. 1, pR. 454 para zrAvaka kavi RSabhadAsane nAme temaja bhA. 3, pR. 289 para rAmavijayaziSya RSabhavijayane nAme sthUlibhadra sajhAya" noMdhAyelI che. baMne sthaLe noMdhAyelI paMktie parathI samajAya che ke kRti eka ja che, paNa emAM maLatA. RSabha' nAmane eka vakhata RSabhadAsa tarIke ane eka vakhata RSabhavijaya tarIke ghaTADyuM che. pahelI vAra citavaMdana stuti stavanAdi. saMgraha - bhA. 3"mAMthI ane bIjI vAra "jaina prabodha'mAMthI kRti nAMdhAI che, eTale be kartAmAM noMdhAvAnI sthiti UbhI thaI che. A daSTAMta. batAve che ke A jAtanuM anumAna jokhamI che. A kRti bemAMthI. eke ya "RSabhInI na hoya ane keI trIjAnI ja hoya ema paNa bane. koI hastaprata noMdhAyelI nathI mATe kaI arvAcIna kavinI paNa haya, eTale jaina gUrjara kavio' jyAM kartAnI purI oLakha vagaranI kRtione cakkasa oLakhavALA keI kartAne nAme mUke tyAre e hakIkatane zaMkAnI najare joI cakAsavAnuM rAkhavuM joIe. (2) jaina gUrjara kaviomAM kaI vAra prApta mAhitI tarapha pUratuM lakSa apAyA vinA arthadhaTana thaI gayeluM paNa jaNAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, bhA. 2, pR. 500-03 para devavijayanI keTalIka kRtienI noMdha che. mathALe devavijayanI guruparaMparA ApI che jemAM emane hIravijayanI paraMparAmAM dIpavijayanA ziSya batAvAyA che. A. paraMparA tyAM noMdhAyelI kRtiomAMthI mAtra "rUpasenakumAra rAsamAM ja maLe che. bAkInI kRtiomAM e guruparaMparAne sthAne mAtra vijaya-- ratnasUrine ulekha che. bIjI bAjuthI "rUpasenakumAra rAsamAM apAyelI lAMbI guruparaMparAmAM kyAMya vijayaratnasUrinuM nAma AvatuM nathI. A hakIkata "rUpasenakumAra rAsanA ane anya kRtionA kartAne eka gaNuM vAnA abhiprAyane, ochAmAM ochuM zaMkAspada Therave che. badhI kRtio.

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190 jaina sAhitya samArAha lagabhaga eka samayagALAnI hAI zrI desAIe eka ja kartA hovAnuM mAnI lIdhuM che. paraMtu eka samaye eka ja gucchamAM eka nAmanA ekathI vadhu sAdhue heAvAnAM ghaNAM dRSTAMtA jaDe che. ethI vijayaratnasUrinA AjJAnuvatI ane dIpavijayanA ziSya - ema e devavijaya hAvAnuM mAnavAnuM vadhAre ucita lAge che. e ja rIte bhA. 2, pR. 268 para " uddayasamuddhakRta 'kuladhvajakumAra rAsa'nA racanAsavata 1718 jaNAya che' evI nedha che. vastutaH e tyAM noMdhAyelI hastapratanI lekhanasaMvata che. e svahastalikhita prata nathI ane kRti racAI che amadAvAdamAM, jyAre hastaprata tA * udepuramA lakhAI che. eTale racanAsaMvata 1728 mAnavA mATe kAI - AdhAra rahetA nathI. * bhA. 3, pR. 314 para zivalAlakRta 'rAma-lakSmaNu-sItA vanavAsa copAi' ane udayacaMdrakRta 'brahmavinAda'no racanAsavata paratve paNa AvI ja muzkelI thaI che, paraMtu ahI AraMbha-aMtanA bhAga nathI tathA racanAsaMvatanI mAhitI paNa maLelI yAdImAM Aya e saMbhavata che. paNa A mAhitIne prApta hakIktanA TekA nathI e lakSamAM AvyuM nathI. 'rAma lakSamaNu'sItA-vanavAsa cepAI'nI racanAsaMvata 1882 mAdha 1. 1 ne racanAsthaLa bIkAnera neAMdhyuM che. te eka hastapratanA lekhananI mAhitI che ane e hastaprata kartAnI svalikhita hAvAnu teAMdhAyuM nathI ! brahmavineAda'nI racanAsaMvata 1884 ane racanAsthaLa jodhapura teMdhAyela che te paNu eka hastapratanA lekhananA ja saMvatasthaLa che ane e hastaprata tenavijayalikhata che. Ama prApta hakIkatAthI viruddhano mAhitI ahI` TALI zakAI nathI. AthI UlaTuM bhA. 3, pR. 189 para 'udAyI rAjarSiM cApAI' mATe 'la. sa. 1855 pahelAM' evI naidha che, pazu saM. 1855mAM lakhAyelI A prata kavinI stra-hastalikhita prata che, tethI 1855

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191 mahAmUlo saMdarbhagraMtha racanAsaMvata paNa hevAne saMbhava che. vaLI kRti. vijaya jinendranA rAjyakALa(saM. 1841thI saM. 1884)mAM racAyelI hovAnI mAhitI kRtinA aMtabhAgamAM che. eTale kRtine racanAkALa saM. 1841thI 1855 sudhImAM hevAnuM te nizcita thAya ja che. abhyAsIoe AthI prApta mAhitIne pUratI lakSamAM levAnuM jarUrI thaI jAya che. (3) prAcIna sAhityanI kRtiomAM saMvata saMketa zabdathI darzAvavAmAM Ave che ane enuM arthaghaTana karavAnuM hoya che. kavacita jaina gUrjara kavionuM arthaghaTana vivAdAspada hoya evuM jaNAya che, jema ke bhA. 3, pR. 1363 para udayaratnakRta "nemanAtha rAmatI bAramAsanI racanAsaMvata 1795 darzAvavAmAM AvI che. kRtinA aMtabhAgamAM racanA varSa darzAvatI paMkti A mujaba che: "bhU rakI bhUta naMdi juta savacharanuM nAma. A zabadathI A pramANe saMkhyA sucavAya : bhU-1, rakI (RSi)-7, bhUta-5, naMda-9 eTale ke 1759, jaina gUrjara kavioe saM. 1785 gayuM, tene artha e che emaNe pahelA be zabdone savaLA, ane bIjA bene avaLA lIdhA che. A ucita che ke kema te prazna che. (prAcIna madhyakAlIna bAramAsA saMgrahamAM Do. jesalapurA saM. 1759 ghaTAve che.) abhyAsIoe jaina gUrjara kavioe ApelA saMvatanA arthaghaTanane pitAnI jANakArIthI cakAsavAnuM rAkhavuM joIe ema AthI samajAya che. () jaina paraMparAthI ghaNuM sArI rIte paricita zrI desAIthI e paraMparA anusAranuM svAbhAvika arthaghaTana karavAnuM kavacit banI zakayuM nathI, jema ke "jaina gUrjara kavio' bhA. 3, pR. 382 para maNiullotaziSya dAnadayA kartA tarIke noMdhAyA che. dAnadayA kartAnAma hAvA vize pahelI dRSTie ja zaMkA jAya. te uparAMta jaina kavio guranAma sAthe pitAnuM nAma gUMthIne potAnI kavichApa racatA hoya

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192 jaina sAhitya samArAha che e jANItI vAta che ane zuvijayaziSya vIravijaya zubhavIra'nI kavichApa vApare che vagere dRSTAMtA zrI desAI pAse hatAM ja eTale ahIM 'dAna' ane 'dayA' e be vyaktinAmeA heAvAnuM anumAna tA thaI zake. pachI vimalazAkhAnI paTAvalIA AdhAra maLatAM ahI dAna vimala ziSya yAvimala kartA che ema nizcita thaI zake ane gurunAma 'maNidyota' te paNa maNivimaziSya udyovamala che ema samajAya. (5) vipula sAmagrI sAthe kAma pADavAnA anivAya pariNAmarUpe 'jaina gUrjara kavio'mAM sayeAjananAM kAI kAI skhalana pazu jovA maLe che, jema ke bhA. 1, pR. 591 para kavikramAMka 279 (ka)thI ane bhA. 3, pR. 1336 para kavikramAMka 874thI jANe be kavie hAya e rIte eka ja kavi nAgerIgacchanA khetasIziSya premane dhAyA che. pahelAM trIjA bhAganI zabdAnukramaNikAnI madadathI ApaNe khema kavinI nedhA tapAsIe tyAre eka ja kavi che ane kRtie paNu baMne ThekANe samAna che e jyAnamAM Ave che. A rIte A graMthanA ucita upayega karavA pRcchanAra abhyAsIe zabdAnukramaNikAnI sahAya. laIne AvA saMcAjanadASA sudhArI levAnA raheze. (6) ATalI vipula sAmagrInI zabdAnukrarmANakA taiya!ra karavI e pazu eka bhAre kAma che. zrI desAIe e ekale hAthe ja karyuM jaNAya che. ethI emAM kSati rahI gaI hAva tA e sAhajika gaNAvuM joIe, dAkhalA tarIke jaina gUra kavio', bhA. 1mAM pR. 25 ane pR. 112 para 'vidyAvilAsa pavADA' nAmanI kRti neAMdhAyelI che, paraMtu zabdAnukramaNikAmAM ene samAveza thavA rahI gaye che. AthI A graMthaiAne azeSa upayoga karavA icchanAre zabdAnukramaNikA uparAMta mULa sAmagrIne paNa jovAnI raheze ja, (7) graMthamAM thADA mudraNudeSo paNa rahI gayelA jaNAya che,

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mahAmUle saMdarbha-graMtha 193 jema ke "jaina gUrjara kavio' bhA. 3, pR. 1295 para abhayakuzalanI rUSabhadatta rUpavatI epAInI 2. saM. 1730 nAMdhAyelI che, paraMtu kAvyane aMte "saMvata muni guNa rUSi zazI' ema ullekha che, eTale 2. saM. 1737 thAya. mathALe mukAyelI saM. 1730, AthI, chApabhUla hovAnuM samajAya che. (jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsamAM pR. 265, phakarA 976mAM abhayakuzalane samaya saM. 1737 ja darzAvAyuM che.) e ja rIte bhA. 2, pR. 396 para "rAjasiMha rAsanI aMtanI DhALane mathALe "DhALa 41' ema lakhyuM che, paraMtu DhALanI 19mI kaDImAM "ekatrIsamI DhAle bhASA ema paMkita Ave che tethI "41' e chApabhUla hovAnuM samajAya che. abhyAsIoe A rIte mULa sAmagrInI cakAsaNI karIne chApabhrale sudhArI levAnI rahe che. ApaNe jaina gUrjara kavio'nAM evAM khalananI vAta karI jene pakaDavAnI cAvI enI sAmagrImAM ja paDelI che. "jaina gUra kavionI mAhitIne khAsa karIne bahArathI sIdhI belI mAhitI ne anya sAdhanonI madadathI cakAsatAM paNa keTalAka deSa najare paDe e tana saMbhavita che, paNa e to madhyakALanI ghaNuM sAdhanasAmagrInI muzkelI rahevAnI. enAM udAharamAM javAnI ApaNe jarUra nathI. paNa jevuM che evuM A eka mahAmUluM saMdarbha sAdhana che emAM zaMkA nathI. jene sAhityanA abhyAsIo ene ja Azraya laIne AgaLa cAle che. to A graMthamALAne jarUrI zuddhi-vRddhi sAthe punarmudrita karavAnuM anivArya thaI jAya che. emAM eAchAmAM ochuM ATaluM thavuM joIe: (1) badhI sAmagrIne samayAnukrame punaH saMjIta karavI. 13.

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jaina sAhitya samArAha (2) zrI desAie peAte pAchaLathI karelA sudhArAone mULa sthAna sAthe saMkalita karI levA. 194 (3) anavadhAnathI pravezI gayelA mAhitISA ane mudraNudeSA sudhArI levA. (4) traNe bhAganI akhaMDa zabdAnukramaNikA taiyAra karavI, (5) sa MvatavAra anukramaNikA pahelA be bhAgamAM che te traNe bhAganI sAmagrI taiyAra karavI. (6) sAmagrImAM AvatAM saghaLAM vyaktinAmAnI sUci karavAnuM paNa vicAravuM. A sudhArAethI eka samRddha graMtha samRdvaitara banaze ane zrI meAhanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe karelA asAdharaNa zrama vadhAre sAka thaze. gujarAtI sAhityanI AvI virala sevA aAvavA mATe zrI desAInuM ApaNe jeTaluM gaurava karIe eTaluM e che. * jaina gUrjara kavio' bhAga 1 : I. sa. 1926, bhAga 2 : I. sa. 1931, bhAga 3 : I. sa. 1944, prakAzaka : zrI jaina zvetAMbara kAnpharansa eNksi, muMbaI.

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gata sakAnI jaina dharmAMnI pravRttio DaoN. kumArapALa desAI seA varSanI jaina saMgheAnI pravRttinuM avaleAkana karatAM eka hakIkata e tarI Ave che ke gujarAtanI pravRttionI asara bhAratanAM anya rAjyAnI pravRtti para paDI che ane anya rAjyAnI jaina-dharma pravRttinI asarA prativeANa gujarAtamAM jhilAyeA che, AthI gujarAtanI dharma pravRttine samagra dezanI pravRttinA pariprekSyamAM jovI ucita ja nahi, paNa Avazyaka che. I, sa. 1884mAM humana yAkIbIe AcArAMgasUtra ane kalpasUtra e e prAkRta Agamasatrone prAkRtamAMthI aMgrejImAM 'Jain Sutras' nAme anuvAda karyAM. A pustakanI prastAvanAmAM hana yAEAkhIe pratipAdita karyu ke jaina dharma e bauddha dharmanI zAkhA nathI. lAsena, vilsana ane vebara jevA vidvAneAnI mAnyatA hatI ke bauddha dhamAMthI jaina dharmane janma thayA che. yAkeAkhIe pre. Lassen1nI cAra lIlAnuM kramaHsara khaMDana karIne batAvyuM, ke jaina e anya ame karatAM ane temAMya bauddha dharma karatAM teA taddana svataMtra dharma che ane mahAvIra tathA gautama buddha e be samakAlIna bhinna mahApuruSA hatA, harmona yAkeAkhIe kareluM A aitihAsika vidhAna pachInA samayagALAmAM ghaNuM mahattvanuM banI rahyuM. pazcimanA aneka vidvAnoe jaina vidyAnA kSetramAM peAtAnuM AgavuM pradAna karyuM. jaina 2 | Indische Alterthun Skunde by Lassen, IV, p. 763 Seg. 2 The Sacred. Books of the East' Series [ed. F. Max Muller ] : 'Jain Sutras' by, Hermann Jacobi, Pub : Oxford University Press, 1884.

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196 jaina sAhitya samAroha dharma vize kaeNlabuke (Colebrooke I. sa. 1765-1837) pitAnA maulika pustakamAM keTalIka hakIkato rajU karI. e pachI Do. eca. eca. vilsane (Wilson I. sa. 1784-1860) A kSetramAM vizeSa pradAna karyuM, jyAre jaina graMthonA anuvAdanI samRddha paraMparAne prAraMbha Te boTalike (Otto Bothlingk) dvArA thayo. emaNe I. sa. 1847mAM riyu (Rieu) sAthe hemacaMdrAcAryanA "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNine jarmana anuvAda karyo. jaina AgamasUtrone anuvAda karavAnuM mahatvanuM kArya reva. sTIvansane (Rev. Stevenson) 1848 mAM "Kalpa Sutra and Nava Tatva3 dvArA zarU karyuM. A pustakamAM kapasUtra ane nava tattva vize ardhamAgadhImAMthI aMgrejImAM anuvAda pragaTa thayo. AnI prastAvanAmAM temaNe jaina dharma, paryaSaNaparva, tIrthakara ane jaina bhUgoLa vize paricaya Apyo ane pustakane aMte pariziSTamAM ardhamAgadhI bhASA vize noMdha lakhI. saMskRta bhASAnA vidvAna vebare I. sa. 1858mAM "zatruMjaya mAhAgya ane I. sa. 1866mAM "bhagavatI sUtramAMthI keTalAka bhAgo pasaMda karI anuvAda karyo, eTaluM ja nahi paNa eNe jaina Agame. ane jaina saMzodhananI dizAmAM mahatvanuM kArya paNa karyuM. kalpasUtranuM mAgadhImAMthI sTIvane kareluM anuvAdakArya paricayAtmaka hatuM, jyAre yAkebInuM kAma sarvagrAhI hatuM. A praNAlikA loyamAna (Leumann) kalATa (Klatt), buhalara (Buhler), hornale (Hoernel) ane viDiza (Windisch ) jevA vidvAnoe jaina graMthanuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. emAM ya vikhyAta purAtattvavettA che. I. epha. hornalee caMDakRta 3 'Kalpa Sutra and Nava Tatva' (Translated from the Magadhi) by Rev. J. Stevenson, Pub. Bharat-bharati, Oriental Publishers & Booksellers. Varanasi-5.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 197 *prAkRtalakSaNa" ane "upAsaga dazAo' (upAsaga dazAMga) graMthane saMzodhita-anuvAdita karI prasiddha karyA. jaina padAvalio paNa prakAzita karI. I. sa. 1897mAM baMgALanI eziyATika sosAyaTInA pramukha banelA horna le e pachInA varSe sosAyaTInI vArSika sabhAmAM "Jainism and Buddhism" vize pravacana ApyuM ane tamAM yAkobInA matanuM samarthana karyuM. "upAsaga dazAonuM saMpAdana karIne enA AraMbhamAM honale svaracita saMskRta padyamAM A saMpAdana zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAjane arpaNa karyuM. hornale zrI vijaya naMdasurIzvarajI (AtmArAmajI) mahArAjane potAnI zaMkAo vize puchAvatA hatA ane e rIte e baMnenI vacce ghaniSTa saMbaMdha baMdhAye hato, eTale sane 1893mAM amerikAnA cikAge zaheramAM pArlAmenTa oNpha rilijiyansa (vizvadharma pariSada) maLavAnI hatI, tyAre emAM jaina dharmanA pratinidhi tarIke hAjara rahevAnuM AmaMtraNa meLavavAnuM virala bahumAna emane maLyuM, paNa jaina dharmanA sAdhuonI AcArasaMhitA pramANe teo pote hAjarI ApI zake tema na hatA eTale teoe A pariSadamAM pote taiyAra karelA nibaMdha sAthe pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhIne mekalyA hatA. mahuvAnA, vIsA zrImALI jJAtinA zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI I. sa. 1885mAM "jana esosIezana opha inyiAnA mAnArha sekreTarI banyA. zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI pahelI vAra paradeza jaIne pAchA pharyA tyAre emanI sabhAmAM khurazIo UchaLI hatI; jo ke e pachI to emaNe be vakhata videzayAtrA karelI. pitAnI vidvattA, vakatRtvazakti ane dharmaparAyaNatAne kAraNe amerikAnA pravAsamAM emaNe vidvAno ane sAmAnya janone samAna rIte prabhAvita karyA hatA. vizva dharma pariSadanA AvAhaka ane vidvAnoe emane rIpya caMdraka enAyata karyo hato. kAsADegA zaheranA nAgarike e emane suvarNa

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198 jaina sAhitya samAroha caMdraka ApyA hatA. emaNe jaina dharma para vyAkhyAne ApI tenuM rahasya ane vyApakatA darzAvyAM hatAM, eTaluM ja nahi paNa enI sAthesAtha bhAratanAM tamAma darzanenI mAnyatA saraLatAthI samajAvI hatI. amerikA pachI teo IglenDamAM AvyA. ahIM jaina dharma vizenI jijJAsA joIne zikSaNavarga che. emAMnA eka jijJAsu harbarTa vaurane mAMsAhArano tyAga karIne jaina dharmane svIkAra karyo. emaNe zrI vIracaMdabhAI gAMdhInAM bhASaNenI neMdha lIdhI temaja aMgrejImAM harbarTa vaeNrane jaina dharma vize eka pustaka paNa lakhyuM. zrI viracaMdabhAI gAMdhIe videzanA A pravAsa daramyAna pa35 vyAkhyAna ApyAM hatAM. AmAMnAM keTalAMka "Jaina Philosophy', "Yoga Philosophy' ane "Karma Philosophy' e nAmanAM traNa pustakamAM jaLavAyAM che. emanA prayAsathI voziMgTanamAM "gAMdhI philesaiphIkala sosAyaTInI sthApanA thaI. cikAgenI vizvadharma pariSadamAM svAmI vivekAnaMde hiMdu dharma ane saMskRtine prabhAvaka vAcA ApI, tA zrI vIracaMda gAMdhIe A pariSadamAM jaina dharma vize vyAkhyAna AvyuM, jyAre bIjAM bhAratIya darzane upara anyatra bolyA hatA. I. sa. 1901mAM mAtra 37 varSanI vaye zrI vIracaMda gAMdhInuM avasAna thayuM, jyAre I. sa. 1902mAM, 40 varSanI vaye, svAmI vivekAnaMda belUra maThamAM avasAna pAmyA. vivekAnaMdanA jIvana ane kAryanI cirasthAyI asara rahI gaI; jyAre zrI vIracaMda gAMdhInuM mahAna kArya vismRtimAM daTAI gayuM. mAtra emaNe laMDanamAM sthApela jaina liTarecara sosAyaTI' rUpe emanI smRti jaLavAI rahI che, jenA sekreTarI harbarTa vorana hatA. 'Jainism-not Atheism and the six Drvayas of Jajna Philosopby' by H. Warren, Jain Publishing House, Arrah, India.

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199 gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio Jainism not Atheism'mAM vorane jenonI Izvara vizenI vicAraNuM ane SaDu konI bhAvanAnI carcA karI che. A pustakamAM digaMbara saMghanA vidvAna ane nAmAMkita berisTara zrI caMpatarAya jainanuM "A peep behind the viil of Karma' 3940 40 31 Recent karavAmAM AvyuM che. berisTara caMpatarAya jene lakheluM "The Key of Knowledge' nAmanuM pustaka e jamAnAmAM ghaNuM vakhaNAyuM hatuM. A pustakanAM cauda prakaraNamAM judA judA dharmone lakSamAM rAkhIne Izvara, ga, karmane kAyado jevA viSayo para AdhyAtmika nirUpaNa lekhake karyuM che. jaina dharmanI saptabhaMganA siddhAMta para emanuM vizeSa lakSa che. I. sa. 1904 mAM zrI vijayadharmasUrijI kAzamAM AvyA. emaNe yuropanA aneka vidvAne sAthe jaina sAhityanA saMzodhana ane saMpAdana aMge bahALo patravyavahAra karyo. jaina vidyAnA adhyayanasaMzodhanane pravAha yuropamAMthI amerikA ane chellAM keTalAMka varSathI jApAnamAM paNa vahyo che. jApAnanA sujhuke ehirAe tatvArtha sUtra para tAjetaramAM saMzodhana karyuM. perisamAM jaina kosmolojI vize UMDA abhyAsa karanAra De. kalerI kAyAe jaina vyavahArabhASya para mahAnibaMdha lakhyo. perisamAM vasatA De. nalinI balabIre dAnASTaka kathAnuM saMzodhana karyuM. atyAre jarmanImAM jaina vidyAne je abhyAsa thaI rahyo che emAM kalAusa bruna ane caMdrabhAla tripAThInuM pradAna mahatvanuM gaNAya. kalakattAnA rAya dhanapatasiMha bahAdure jaina Agamo chapAvavAnI zarUAta karI. 45 Agamo chapAvIne pragaTa karavAne emane udyama 4 'The Key of Knowledge' by Champat Rai Jain, Pub, Kumar Devendra Prasad Jain, The Central Jaina Publishing House, Arrah, India, 1915.

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200 jaina sAhitya samAroha (saM. 1933 thI 1947 sudhImAM) noMdhapAtra gaNAya. teoe Agama prakAzita karyA. suratanI Agamodaya samiti dvArA AgAddhAraka zrI sAgarAnaMdasUrie ekale hAthe ghaNA moTA pAyA para AgapaMcAMgInA saMzodhana-mudraNanuM kArya karyuM. AvuM virATa kAma e pachI ekale hAthe bIjA koIe karyuM nathI. bhAvanagaranI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, AtmAnaMda sabhA ane yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALAe jaina sAhityanA mahattvanA prathe prakAzita karyA. "sekreDa zuka oNpha dhI jainasa' graMthamALAmAM aneka digambara jaina graMthAnA anuvAde ArAthI pragaTa thayA. A uparAMta atyAre lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ane zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA prakAzanapravRtti cAlI rahI che. digambaramAM bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA ghaNA jaina graMthanuM vyavasthita saMzodhana ane saMpAdana thayuM. I. sa. 1904mAM zAstrIya ke dhArmika jaina graMthe pragaTa karavA sAme virodha thato hato, tyAre zrI nAthurAmajI premIe hindI graMtharatnAkara zreNI dvArA mahatvanA graMthe pragaTa karyA ane "jaina hitiSI ane jaina mitra'nuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. emaNe trIsa jeTalA graMthanI racanA karI 6 zrI vijayadharmasUrijIe banArasamAM sthApelI yazovijaya jena saMskRta pAThazALA pAsethI zrI yazovijayajI graMthamALA uparAMta gujarAtane traNa vidrAne maLyAH darzanazAstranA UMDA abhyAsI paM. sukhalAlajI, jaina prAkRta graMthonA saMzodhaka 5. becaradAsajI ane paM, haragoviMdadAsa zeTha. banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTInI sthApanAne A samaya hato. A arasAmAM ja sthapAyelA banArasanA syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaye digambara saMpradAyanA vidvAne taiyAra karavAnuM ghaNuM moTuM kAma karyuM. 1. premI abhinaMdana graMtha, prakAzaka : premI abhinadana graMtha samiti.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 201 A sadImAM purAtatvIya saMzodhana ane prakAzananA kSetre paNa mahattvanuM kArya thayuM che. rAIza (Rice), huze, kilahorna (Kielhorn), pITarsana ( Peterson), phargyusana (Fergusson) ane bajese (Burgess) jaina dharmanAM maMdira, zilAlekho ane hastaprato vize saMzodhana karyuM. mathurAnA kaMkAlI TIlAnA ukhananamAM jaina, bauddha ane brAhmaNa dharma vizenI purAtatvanI uttama sAmagrI maLI. AnI sAthesAthe jaina itihAsanI keTalIka mahatvanI kaDI paNa hAtha lAgIjyAre barjesanuM sacitra pustaka "Temples of Satrunjaya' sImAcihnarUpa gaNI zakAya. jaina dharmanA itihAsa ane purAtattva vizenuM jJAna vistAra pAyuM, enI sAthesAtha I. sa. 1906mAM yAkebIe umAsvAtinA tatvArthAdhigamasUtrane aMgrejImAM anuvAda karatAM jaina siddhAMtanI gaveSaNA paNa zarU thaI. yAdebInA ziSya kiphela ane glAjhenApe A kArya AgaLa dhapAvyuM. zubiMga, hala ane gaeNrine jevA aneka saMzodhakoe paNa e kArya karyuM, emAMya haTale te jaina kathAtmaka sAhityanuM yathArtha ane gauravaprada mUlyAMkana karavAmAM mahatvanuM gadAna karyuM. emaNe AvA sAhityanA paryAlacananA AdhAre batAvyuM ke paMcataMtranI mULa vArtAo jainenI che. De. brAunanuM sacitra "kAlaka kathA" ane "uttarAdhyayana' paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. e pachI bhagavAnalAlaidrajI, bhAudAjI, bhAMDArakara, satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla, munizrI jinavijayajI, zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, agaracaMda nAhaTA, De. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, Do. e. ena. upAdhe, 5. kailAsacaMdrajI, Do. umAkAnta zAha, paM. lAlacaMda gAMdhI, paM. hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, zrI motIcaMda kApaDiyA, munizrI caturavijayajI, munizrI ja buvijayajI, zrIcaMda rAmaporiyA, amaramuni, DaeN. hIrAlAla jaina, De. jagadIza

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202 jaina sAhitya samAroha jaina vageree jaina dharma ane sAhitya vize bahoLA pramANamAM zodhakhoLa karI. AgamasaMzodhanamAM munizrI puNyavijayajIe khUba saMgIna ane samRddha kArya karyuM. - sAhityika saMzodhananA kAryamAM zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAIne phALo avismaraNIya raheze. jena gurjara kavio'nA traNa bhAgamAM durgama hastalikhita bhaMDAramAM rahela jaina sAhitya ane jaina itihAsanuM UMDuM saMzodhana karIne emaNe je kArya karyuM che tene zrI kRSNalAla ma jhaverIe yathArtha rIte mahAbhArata graMtha. (Magnum opus) tarIke varNavyuM che. e ja rIte emaNe racelA jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa" nAme daLadAra ane mAhitInA khajAnArUpa graMtha Aje paNa eTaluM ja mahattva ane upayegI. lekhAya che. siMghI graMthamALA, pUMjAbhAI graMthamALA, suratanuM devacaMda lAlabhAI pustakeddhAraka phaMDa jevI saMsthAo dvArA paNa jaina sAhityanuM prakAzana sArA pramANamAM thayuM che. gujarAta purAtattvamaMdire jaina vidyAnAM kheDANamAM mahattvanuM kAma karyuM che. siddhasena divAkaranI 'samati taka' nAme 170 prAkRta gAthA para zrI abhayadevasUrie. pacIsa hajAra kanI vAda-mahAIva' nAmanI TIkA racI hatI. A graMtha e jaina darzanane Akara graMtha che. AnI aneka hastaprata. ekatra karIne prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajIe, paM. becaradAsajInA sahakAramAM enuM saMpAdana karyuM. dasa vyakti prata vAMce ane paM. sukhalAlajI ene nirNaya kare. A dazyane joIne pro. harmana yAkebI. jevA vidvAna paNa stabdha thaI gayA hatA. jaina dharmanA sArarUpa vinobAjInI mAMgaNIthI saMkalita karavAmAM AveluM pustaka "samaNa sutta paNa A saMdarbhamAM yAda Ave. sAta bhAgamAM pragaTa thayele "abhidhAna rAjendra keza7 Agama 7. "abhidhAna rAjendra keza', prakAzakaH abhidhAna rAjendra kAryAlaya, ratalAma.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRtti 203: sAhityanA sa`cayarUpa pustaka gaNAya. AmAM zrI rAjendrasUrie . Agame, bhASyA, niyuktio vagere prAcIna prAkRta graMthenuM dAhana karIne zabdasaMgraha karyo. pratyeka prAkRta zabdanI AgaLa sa MskRta paryAya mUkayo ane ativistArathI sAMskRta bhASAmAM enI samajUtI ApI. jyAre gujarAtImAM zatAvadhAnI pU. munizrI ratnacaMdrasvAmIe 'jainAgama zabdasaMgraha' ApyA jemAM ardhamAgadhImAMthI gujarAtI bhASAmAM sakSipta artha ApavAmAM AvyA che. emaNe racelI 'prAkRta DikazanerI' pAMca bhASAmAM pragaTa thaI che. zrI harageviMdadAsa zeThaneA pAya sad mahaNve' e prAkRta bhASAne anya noMdhapAtra deza che. prAcya vidyAmaMdira ( vaDedarA ), bhAMDArakara insTiTayUTa (pUnA). jaina sa`skRta sIrIjha temaja vArANasInA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrame prakAzita karelA jaina sAhityanA mRtad itihAsa' nAme graMthanA AThe bhAga bahu mUlyavAna gaNAya. A saMsthA taraphathI jaita - sAhitya ane saMzodhanamAM ghaNAne pIeca. DI. nI upAdhi maLI . che, jyAre vaizAlInI ahiMsA eNnDa prAkRta vidyApITha e jaina adhyayanane varelI sa`sthA che. banArasa yunivarsiTI, maisUra yunivarsiTI, pUnA yunivarsiTI, udayapura yunivarsiTI, patIyAlA yunivarsiTI vagere yunivarsiTIomAM jaina vidyAnA Asana ( Chair ) dvArA jaina sazAdhana ane abhyAsanuM kArya cAle che, jyAre keTalIka yunivasiTImAM jaina sa`zAdhana kendra dvArA A kArya thai rahyuM che. dilhInI kendrIya saMpUrNAnaMda sa`skRta saMsthAnamAM ane dhAravADa yunivarsiTInA prAkRta vibhAgamAM paNa A kAma thAya che. patrakAratvanA kSetramAM te gujarAtanAM jaina sAmiyakAnI paraparA. 8. 'jainAgama zabdasagraha', sapA. 5. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI svAmI, prakAzaka : saMdhavI gulAbacaMda jasarAja, lIbaDI, prathama AvRtti, i. sa. 192 13

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204 jaina sAhitya samAroha gauravabharyuM sthAna dharAve che. 1857nA svAtaMtryasaMgrAma pachI mAtra - be varSa bAda amadAvAdanI jaina sabhA dvArA, zeTha zrI umAbhAI haThIsiMha ane zeTha zrI maganabhAI karamacaMdanA Arthika sahakArathI, "jaina dIpaka nAmanuM mAsika pragaTa thayuM hatuM. A pachI I.sa. 1875mAM jaina divAkara" sAmayika paNa amadAvAdamAMthI zrI kezavalAla zivarAma ane zrI - chaganalAla umedacaMde pragaTa karyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1959thI 1982 - sudhImAM kula 126 jeTalAM gujarAtI jaina patro prasiddha thayAM. 1884- mAM amadAvAdathI zrI kezavalAla zivarAma dvArA pragaTa thayeluM jaina sudhArasa" ekAda varSa cAlyuM. prasiddha nATacakAra DAhyAbhAI dhoLazAjInA - nirIkSaNa heThaLa zrI jaina dharma pravartaka sabhA (amadAvAda) taraphathI - "syAdavAda sudhA' nAmanuM sAmayika ane e pachI theDA mahinA bAda jena hitecchu patramAM prasiddha thayuM. enA taMtrI vA. ma. zAha nAme jANatA tatvaciMtaka hatA. A sAmayi ke atyAre baMdha che, paraMtu atyAre prakAzita thatAM jaina sAmayikAmAM sothI jUnuM jaina dharma prakAza" che, je chellAM ekaso varSathI bhAvanagarathI jaina dharma prasAraka - sabhA dvArA prakAzita thAya che. bhagubhAI phatehacaMda kArabhArIe amadAvAdamAM prajAbaMdhu' patra zarU karyuM hatuM. e pachI "samAlocaka' ane tyArabAda I. sa. 1903nI 12mI eprile jaina samAjanuM sau prathama aThavADika "jaina" nAme prasiddha thayuM. pahelAM amadAvAdamAMthI, pachI muMbaImAMthI ane atyAre bhAvanagaramAMthI A aThavADika prasiddha - thAya che. ahIMthI zrI devacaMda dAmajI kuMDalAkara dvArA "jaina zubhecchaka nAmanuM sarvaprathama pAkSika paNa zarU thayuM hatuM, jyAre sarva prathama - jainamahilA' nAmanuM mAsika paNa bhAvaganarathI prakAzita thayuM hatuM. jaina patrakAratvanI tejasvI ItihAsamAM bhagubhAI kArabhArI, devacaMda dAmajI 9. patrakAratva: eka jhalaka, le. guNavaMta a. zAha.. caturtha jaina sAhitya samArohamAM rajU thayele zodha-nibaMdha.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 205 kuMDalAkara, zeTha kuMvarajI ANaMdajI kApaDiyA, vADIlAla motIlAla zAha, paramAnaMdabhAI kApaDiyA, gulAbacaMdabhAI zeTha, dhIrajalAla TokarazI zAha, "jayabhikhu, ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI jevAM nAme smaraNIya che. sane 1977nA AMkaDA pramANe, rAjyavAra joIe te. hiMdI bhASA pachI sauthI vadhu jaina patra-patrikA gujarAtI bhASAmAM prasiddha thAya che, ane temAM paNa amadAvAda, muMbaI, bhAvanagara ke. vaDedarA jevAM zahero to ThIka, paNa gAMdhIdhAma, DIsA, jAmanagara, chANa, pAlItANA, bhAbhara, bhUja, vaDhavANa, sonagaDha ane hiMmatanagara jevAM sthAnamAMthI paNa jaina patro prasiddha thAya che. 10 jaina yuga", jana sAhitya saMzodhaka ane purAtattva saimAsika jevAM sAmayikAe jaina sAhitya ane anya kalAonA saMzodhananuM upakAraka kAma karyuM? che. vaLI jaina sAmayikonA prakAzanamAM pUnA ane kalakattAe paNa phALo Apyo. keTalIka graMthazreNIoe jaina sAhityanA vipula prakAzana dvArA enA prasAra ane pracAranuM mahatvanuM kAma karyuM che, AmAM zrI zAMtiprasAda sAdUnAM mAtuzrInI smRtimAM pragaTa thatI "mUrti devI graMthamALAne phALo nedhapAtra gaNAya. pakhaMDAgama, dhavalA, jevA Agamatulya graMthanuM vyavasthita saMzodhana ane saMpAdana zolApurathI. thayuM che. jIvarAja gautama graMthamALA dvArA Do. e. ena. upAdhyanA mArgadarzana heThaLa, digambara 2thenuM ulalekhanIya prakAzanakArya thayuM che. bhAratIya jJAnapIThane eka lAkha rUpiyAne erDa (karamukta) e paNa jaina saMghanI jJAnabhakti ane udAratAnuM pratIka che. sAdU zrI zAMtiprasAdajI jainanA ekAvanamAM varSanA praveza nimitte emanAM kuTuMbIjane-- e A eNvenI yejanA karI che. bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA traNa 10. "tIrthakara jaina patra-vatrajAnuM vizeSAMka, varSa che, e-4, 6 mAsta-sitavara, 2677.

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206 jaina sAhitya samArAha * bhAgamAM prasiddha thayelAM 'Jain Art and Architecture'11 pustakA mahattvapUrNa gaNAya. zrI geAkaLadAsa kApaDiyAnuM pU. A. zrI yazedevasUrinA sahakArathI pragaTa thayele zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra' nAme citrasa`puTa temaja madrAsathI prasiddha thayelA 'tIdana' nAme sacitra graMtha zakavatI prakAzane gaNI zakAya. jaina sasthAeAmAM bhAvanagaranI zrI yoAvijaya pra thamALA zrI AtmAnaMda sabhA ane zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhAe ghaNuM mahattvanuM kArya karyuM. muMbaInI jIvadayA maDaLI jevI saMsthAe ahiMsAne pracAra karyAM, sa`vata 1958mAM phleAdhImAM zrI gulAbacaMda DhaDhAnA prayAsathI jaina zvetAmbara kaeNAnpharansane, janma thayA. bIje varSe muMbaImAM enuM meATA pAyA para adhivezana ceAyuM, A sasthAe jainAgama, nyAya, aupadezika tathA bhASAsAhitya, tattvajJAna ane vijJAna vagere viSaye nA sUcitra'tha jevA 'jaina graMthAvalI' nAme sUcimra tha prasiddha karyAM. jesalamera, pATaNu ane lIbaDInA graMthabhaDAreAnI eNe prasiddha karelI yAdIA abhyAsIone mATe amUlya banI rahI che. A saMsthA dvArA sAmayika ane pustaka-prakAzananuM paNa noMdhapAtra kAya thayuM che. I. sa. 1893mAM digambarAe bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhAnI sthApanA karI ane 'khuraI'ne tenA mukhya sthaLa tarIke rAkhyuM. jayAre 1906mAM sthAnakavAsIee ajameramAM pahelI kaeNAnsa bharI. samagra bhAratanA jaina saMpradAyane ekatrita karavAnA prayAsarUpe I. sa. 1899mAM Jain Youngmen's Association sthapAyuM ane I. sa. 1910mAM tenuM nAma bhArata jaina mahAmaMDaLa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrijInI preraNAthI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sthApanA thaI, tA. 18-6-1915nA divase 11, 'Jain Art and Architecture, Part 1, 2, 3, by A. Ghosh, Pub. Bharatiya Jnanpith, Delhi, I974.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 207 paMdara vidyAthIothI bhADAnA makAnamAM zarU thayelI A saMsthAe navI peDhIne, dhArmika zikSaNa-saMskAra sAthe ucca zikSaNa mATenI savalato ApIne duHkhI kuTuMbone sukhI banAvIne samAjanA utkarSanuM mahattvanuM kArya kyuM che. Aje muMbaImAM be vidyAthI graho uparAMta amadAvAda, pUnA, vaDodarA, vallabha vidyAnagara ane bhAvanagaramAM A saMsthAnI pAMca zAkhA che. vaLI vidyAvistAranI sAthesAthe jaina graMthamALA jevI moTI janA, pUjya AgamaprabhAkara munirAja zrI puNyavijayajInA sahakArathI hAtha dharIne sAhityaprakAzananA kSetramAM paNa eNe pitAne viziSTa phaLa Ape che. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrinI samAja-utkarSanI jhaMkhanA ane vidyAvistAranI tamannAnuM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ciraMjIva smAraka banI rahyuM che. jaina bhaMDAromAM mAtra jaina pustakone ja saMgraha nathI hotA, paNa enA sthApaka ane sAcavanArAoe pratyeka viSaya ane dareka saMpradAyanAM pustake saMgrahavAne udAratAbharyo prazasanIya prayatna karyo che. prAcIna ane mahatvanA bauddha temaja brAhmaNa saMpradAyanAM pustake paNa jaina bhaMDArAmAMthI maLI Ave che, je anya kyAMya maLatAM nathI. mAtra kAgaLa upara lakhAyelAM pustake ja nahi, paraMtu tADapatranAM paNa hajAre pustakone saMgraha karatA AkheAkhA bhaMDArene sAcavI rAkhavAnuM virala kArya gujarAtanA jenee karyuM che. mahAgujarAtanAM aneka nAnAM-moTAM zaheramAM eka ke tethI vadhu jaina bhaMDAro maLe che ane pATaNa, amadAvAda, lIMbaDI ke khaMbhAta jevAM zahero te jaina bhaMDArAne lIdhe vizeSa jANItAM thayAM che. e zaheranuM nAma paDatAM vidvAnane pahelAM tyAMnA graMthabhaMDAranI yAda Ave che. chellAM eka se varSamAM racAyelAM tIrtho para najara karIe te gujarAtamAM bhoMyaNa, pAtasara, serisA, mahesANA, kalIkuMDa pArzvanAtha (dhoLakA), paMjAbamAM kAMgaDA ane madrAsathI paMdara kilomITara dUra

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208 jaina sAhitya samAreha peAlAla gAmamAM puMDalatIrthaM ( kaisaravADI )nI racanA thayelI che. rASTrIya stare bhagavAna mahAvIranA 2500mA nirvANa maheAtsavanI ujavaNI. thaI. gAmaTezvaranI bAhubalinI mUrtine eka hajAra varSa thayAM tene bhavya mahe|tsava thayeA. dakSiNanA dharma sthaLa ane uttarapradezanA kirAjhAbAdamAM anukrame Azare 42 phUTa ane 39 phUTa UMuMcI bAhubalinI mUrtio sthApavAmAM AvI. eArIvalInA nezanala pArka pAse pAtanapuranA AzramamAM RSabhadeva, bharatadeva ane bAhubalinI moTI navI mUrti e padharAvavAmAM AvI che. sarvadharmanI vilakSaNa bhAvanA prakheAdhatuM ghATakoparanuM sarvodayamaMdira kema bhUlI zakAya ? ahI zrI pArzvanAthanI eka sAthe ghaNI mUrtio maLe che. rANakapura, AjI, tAra`gA, jUnAgaDha ane zatrujayanAM tIrthAMnA namUnedAra truddhiAra thayA. AmAM dhaNA dviAramAM zreSThIvaryaM zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAInI kalAdaSTi pratIta thAya che. zrI ANaMdajI kalyANujInI peDhIe tIrthAMnI vyavasthA ane tIrthAdvAranuM uttama kArya karyuM. A kAryAMmAM zrI narmadAzaMkara sAmapurA, amRtalAla trivedI, nalAla ane caMpAlAlajIe mahattvanuM yeAgadAna karyuM che. A samaya daramiyAna pAlItANAmAM Agama madirAnI sthApanA sArI peThe thaI. surata, za khezvara, amadAvAda, verAvaLa vagere sthaLAe paNa Agama mAi sthapAyAM. zrI kAnajI svAmIe paNa. Agama madirA baMdhAvyAM; gujarAtamAM 75 jeTalAM derAsarA sthapAyAM. A samayagALAmAM tI ane tithi nimitte jaina sa`ghezamAM ghaNA vivAH ane vikhavAda thayA, je kamanasIbI hajI paNa jovA maLe che. sthAnakavAsI zramaNa saMghanuM sAdaDI sa'melana (saM. 2008mAM) maLyuM hatuM. AmAM terApa MthanI jema saMdhanA nAyaka tarIke eka ja AcAya rAkhavAnuM nakkI karyuM. prathama AcArya tarIke 5 jAmamAM (ludhiyAnAmAM birAjatA ) AcAya AtmArAmajInI varaNI karI. atyAre emanI pachI AcArya A Ana RSijI che, paNa A gAThavaNamAM sthAnakvAsI saMdhanA badhA sapradAyAne sAtha na maLye eTale

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 201 emAM dhAraNA mujaba saphaLatA na maLI. I. sa. 1934mAM zvetAmbara saMdhavuM muni sa Mmelana amadAvAdamAM maLyuM hatuM, emAM sAtase sAdhue ekatrita thayA hatA ane emaNe paTTaka bahAra pADayo hatA. zeThazrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAInA prayAsathI I. sa. 1963mAM amadAvAdamAM Akhala bhAratIya jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka zramaNApAsaka samelana yeAjyuM. sa`dhanI AcArazuddhi ane temAM peThelI zithilatA dUra karavA mATe enuM AyeAjana thayuM hatuM, paraMtu tene hetu saphaLa thayA na hatA. AcA tulasIe lADamAM jaina vizvabhAratI' saMsthA sthApI. A saMsthAmAM adhyayana-adhyApananuM preraNAdAyI kAma cAle che, temaja tenuM AgamaprakAzananuM kArya paNa mahattvanuM gaNAya che. sthAnakavAsI saMgha dvArA rAjagRhInA pahADanI taLeTImAM upAdhyAya amaracadajI mahArAjanA upadezathI sthapA celI vIrAyatana nAmanI saMsthA leAkazikSaNa, leAkasevA, byAnasAdhanA, sAhityaprakAzana ane zAstronA adhyayana-adhyApananuM anukaraNIya kArya kare che. sthAnakavAsI saghamAM zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI, khImacaMda maganalAla ane dula bhajI khetANI jevAoe mahattvanuM ceAgadAna karyuM.... sthAnakavAsI saMdhanA suzIla muni ane zvetAmbara phirakAnA zro citrabhAnujI mahArAjanA videzagamanathI ane phrikAmAM ghaNA vivAda jAgyA hatA. gujarAtamAM zreSThIonI gauravabharI paraparA jovA maLe che. jaina zreSThIoe dharma pravRtti uparAMta vyApaka samAjakalyANanI pravRttimAM jIvaMta rasa lIdhA che. pAlItANA rAjya sAthe zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANujInI peDhIe karela kheApAnA, vArSika rU. 15,000ne ceAtheA karAra tA. 31-3-1926nA rAja pUrA thayA hatA ane te pachI pAMcame karAra, pAlItANAnA darabAra ane kAThiyAvADanA peliTikala ejanTa sI. sI. mI. veMTsananA jaina saMgha pratyenA kaThAra valaNane kAraNe, 14

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210 jaina sAhitya samAroha vilaMbamAM paDyo hate. Ane lIdhe jena saMghe tA. 7-4-1924thI zatruMjayanI yAtrAne sadaMtara bahiSkAra zarU karyo hato A bahiSkAra tA. 1-4-1926thI tA. 31 5-1928 sudhInA 26 mahinA jeTalA lAMbA samaya sudhI evI sajajaDa rIte cAlu rahyo hato ke e daramyAna pAlItANAmAM zatruMjayanI yAtrA mATe eka paNa yAtrika mahete gaye. chevaTe vAyasaroya lorDa IravInanI daramyAnagIrIthI, vArSika rU. sATha hajArane pAMtrIsa varSanI mudata pAMcamo rakhopA karAra, tA. 26-5-1928nA roja sImalAmAM thayo hato, eTale tA. 1-6-2thI yAtrA zarU thaI hatI jena paraMparAmAM A banAva apUrva ane zakavartI kahI zakAya e hati.12 metIzA zeka, narazI kezavajI nAyaka, premAbhAI zeTha, narazI nAthA, premacaMda rAyacaMda, haThIbhAI koTha, mAyAbhAI premAbhAI, kastUrabhAI maNibhAI, aMbAlAla sArAbhAI, manasukhabhAI bhagubhAI zeTha, lAlabhAI zeTha ane kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI jevAe dharma prabhAvanA ane samAja ke dezanI bhalAInI ghaNI pravRttio karI che. zreSThIvarya zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAIe to zrI ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhIno vahIvaTa, jIrNoddhAranuM kArya, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranI sthApanA uparAMta aneka zikSaNaprasAnAM kAryo karyA che. jyAre mahilAomAM paNa harakAra zeThANI ane ujama phaI jevI sannArIoe saphaLatAthI moTo kArabhAra saMbhALyo che bhImazI (bhImasiMha) mANeke eka lAkhanA kharce varSo pahelAM "prakaraNa ratnAkaranA cAra bhAga prasiddha karavAnI yojanA karI 12 "zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhIne ItihAsa, bhA-1, le. ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI, prakAzaka: zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajI, amadAvAda-1.

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gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio 211 hatI. emaNe "suyagaDAMga Adi Agamo tathA jainakathA ratnakeza'nA ATha bhAga anuvAda sahita pragaTa karyA hatA. A graMthAe lokonA dharmajJAnamAM vRddhi karI hatI. vi. saM. 1947nA jeTha vada pAMcamane guruvAre temanuM avasAna thayuM. ane pachI temanI peDhI taraphathI "gazAstra, haribhadrASTaka' Adi pustako mULa ane anuvAda sahita bahAra paDayAM. chellAM keTalAMka varSomAM paryuSaNa parva samaye jAtI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnavALA vaicArika bhUmikAe eka navo jhoka sUcave che. chelA eka saikAnI dharma pravRtti jemAM traNa ghaTanAo sauthI vadhu dUragAmI asara karanArI gaNAya. saurASTranA morabI pAse AvelA vivANiyA gAmamAM vi. saM. 1924nA kArataka suda pUnamane ravivAre rAyacaMdabhAIne janma thaye. teo sthAnakavAsI jaina dharma pALatA hatA. jhaverAtane vyavasAya karatA ane kavi temaja zatAvadhAnI hatA. tIvra smaraNazakti dharAvatA rAyacaMdabhAImAM vyavahArakuzaLatA ane dharmaparAyaNatAne madhura sumeLa jovA maLato. emaNe soLa varSe (saM. 1940mAM) "kSamALA" ane "bhAvanAbedhanI (vi. saM. 1942mAM racanA karI. ogaNIsame varSe muMbaImAM zatAvadhAnanA prayogo karyA. saM. 19paramAM naDiyAdamAM padyamAM "Atmasiddhi zAstranI racanA karI. teo kavi karatAM vizeSe tatvaciMtaka ane sAcA arthamAM mumukSu hatA. mekSa mATe tyAgamaya aNagAra dharma svIkAravAnI emanI IcchA khUba utkaTa hatI. hiMdu dharmamAM gAMdhIjIne jyAre jyAre zaMkA thatI tyAre teo rAyacaMdabhAIne pUchIne samAdhAna meLavatA. tethI ja gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM che ke, "hiMdu dharmamAM mane je joIe te maLe ema che e manane vizvAsa Avyo. A sthitine sAru rAyacaMdabhAI javAbadAra thayA."13 A pachI rAyacaMdabhAI zrImad rAjacaMdra tarIke 13 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 3, aMka 1 mAM lekha rAyacaMdabhAInAM keTalAMka smaraNa, le. gAMdhIjI.

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212 jaina sAhitya samAroha oLakhAyA. Aje vaDavA, IDara, agAsa, vavANiyA, nArela ane devalAlI jevAM sthaLoe emanAM Azramo che, ahIM svAdhyAya ane AtmasAdhanAnI pravRttio cAle che. bIju parivartana I. sa. 1934mAM zrI kAnajI svAmIe sthApelA paMthathI AvyuM. mULa saurASTranA umarALAne zrI kAnajI svAmIe sthAnakavAsI phirakAne tyAga karIne eka svataMtra phirakAnI racanA karI; ane enuM chevaTanuM rUpAMtara digambara saMdharUpe thayuM. madhura vANI ane prabhAvazALI vyaktitva dharAvatA kAnajI svAmI sonagaDhamAM rahetA hatA. nizcayanaya tarapha temane vizeSa jhoka hatA ane kudakuMdAcAryanA "sayasAra" ane "pravacanasAra"mAM upadezela nizcayanaya para teo vizeSa bhAra ApatA hatA. - trIjI mahattvanI ghaTanA e terApaMthanuM rUpAMtara che. AcArya zrI tulasInA netRtva heThaLa A paMthe navuM ja rUpa dhAraNa karyuM. emanA saMghanI cIlAcAlu mAnyatAo ane pravRttiomAM je AmUla parivartana karyuM ane jJAnapAsanAne sakriya mahattva ApyuM te mUlyavAna ane anukaraNIya ghaTanA che. potAnA zramaNa-zramaNa saMghamAMthI emaNe saMskRta, prAkRtanA uttama vidvAne ApyA. temAM ya yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-- (pUrvanA muni nathamalajI)nuM maulika ciMtanapradhAna ane AtmabhAvapreraka sAhityanuM vipula sarjana te vizeSa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. A badhuM jotAM ema lAge ke terApaMthane kAyApalaTa ja thaI gayo che. AcArya zrI tulasInI vizeSatA e kahevAya ke emaNe pitAnA paMthathI aLagA thavAne badale paMthane sAthe laIne krAMti karI. sAdhvIomAM abhyAsa vadhArIne temane viduSI banAvI. sAdhvI ane zrAvikA vacce "samanI eka navI kaTinI racanA karI je sAdhutvanI majabUta pIThikA banI rahe. chellAM eka se varSanI dharmapravRtti para najara karIe to ema lAge che ke dAnano pravAha jeTaluM derAsare ane dharmotsavo tarapha

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213 gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio vaLyo che, teTale keLavaNI ke samAjakalyANanAM kSetramAM vahyo nathI, ane sArvajanika sevAnI bhAvanAnI pUrI khilAvaTa thaI nathI. hajI vipula jaina sAhitya graMthabhaMDAra ane hastapratomAM gupta raheluM che. ene adhyayana, saMzodhana ane prakAzana mATe vadhu prayatnonI jarUra che. prAkRta bhASA ane sAhityanA abhyAsanuM vaheNu pAtaLuM thatuM jAya che te paNa ciMtAjanaka bAbata gaNAya, anekAntane upadezatA A dharmamAM hajI tIrtho ane tithionA vivAde cAlu che, je saMkucita vRtti ane dharmajhanUnane vakarAve che. dharmakriyAo sAthe enI pAyAnI bhAvanAo jANavAnI Aje bhUkha jAgI che ane yuvAnavarga vartamAna vizvanA saMdarbhamAM A dharmanAM satyane samajavA ane parIkSavA cAhe che. Aje vizva jhaDapathI parivartana pAmI rahyuM che. vividha deza, dharma ane varNanI prajAo paraspara khUba nikaTa AvI rahI che. vaijJAnika pragatine pariNAme duniyA nAnI thatI thAya che tenI sAthe sattAbhUkha, dhanabhUkha ane ahaMtAthI prerAIne meTAM rASTro ekabIjAne mahAta karavA huMkAra karI rahyAM che. tene pariNAme jANe duniyA sarvanAzane Are UbhI rahI hoya ema lAge che. A paristhitimAM Ajane mAnavI dharmanI saMkucita mAnyatAo, sthULa AcAro ne paradharmaviSamAM purAI rahevAne badale mAnavakalyANane prere evI vicAraNuM ke bhAvanAo dharmamAMthI sAravIne tene samagra mAnavajAtinA utthAna mATe samajavA-samajAvavA jhaMkhI rahyo che. e vakhata jaina dharma-prabodhita ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, anekAMtadaSTi, vizvamaitrI ane paramata-sahiSNutA vagere ucca Adarza nUtana yuganA mAnavIne vizvaprema ane vizvazAMti bhaNI kUca karavAmAM madada karI zake tema che. vartamAna saMdarbhamAM temaja traNe kALamAMya kadAca e ja tenuM sArthakya che.

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samatA prA. tArAbahena ramaNalAla zAha samatAne sAdo ane sAmAnya artha cheH dhIraja rAkhavI, zAMti rAkhavI. sama eTale samAna athavA sarakhuM. samatAne vizeSa artha che samatva, mananI sthiratA, svasthatA, taTasthatA, ahiMsakapaNuM. samatA eTale anukULa ke pratikULa saMjogomAM, sArA ke narasA prasaMge, sArI ke narasI vyakta mATe svasthatApUrvaka samabhAva dhAraNa kare. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke judA judA kAraNe cittamAM samaye samaye sukhada ke duHkhada anubhavo thAya che. sukhada anubhava pratye meha ke roga utpanna thAya che. sukhada anubhava jyAre duHkhamAM palaTAI jAya che tyAre adhIrAI, kheda, ThaSa, IrSyA ItyAdi anubhavAya che, mANasa sukha TakAvI rAkhavA Icche che, paraMtu te jhAjhuM TakatuM nathI. mANasa du:khane dUra karavA irache ane chatAM duHkha dUra thAya nahi. A baMne dazAmAM mana azAMta, becena ane viSama bane che. bIjI bAjue sukha ane duHkha baMne pratye mANasa sajAga rahe, baMne paristhitimAM rAga ane dveSa na anubhavatAM samatala ane zAMta rahe e samatA kahevAya. bhagavaddagItAmAM kahyuM che: duHkheSu anudvignamanaH sukheSu vigata spRhaH / duHkhamAM kheda na karavo ane pRhA na rAkhavI te samatA. sAdhujIvanane sAra samatA che. uttarAdhyayana sUtramAM eka sthaLe kahyuM che? sAyANa maLo hopha | samatA vaDe sAdhu thavAya che, zramaNa thavAya che. zramaNa zabdano eka artha "samatA' thAya che. sAcI samatA parama puruSArtha che, vIratA che. bhagavAna mahAvIre dIkSA samaye

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samatA 215 pratijJA lIdhI hatIH "huM jiMdagIbhara samatA dhAraNa karIza. de, mAna, nArakI, tiryaMca dareka pratye samabhAvathI vartIza. game tevA viparIta saMjogomAM paNa huM calAyamAna thaIza nahi" samatAnI AvI kaThina pratijJA bhagavAne lIdhI ane vIratApUrvaka pALI tethI ja teo mahAvIra kahevAyA. bhagavAna pArzvanAthane eka bAju kamaThe atizaya trAsa Ape, te bIjI bAju dharaNendradeve emanI rakSA karI. paraMtu bhagavAne kamaTha pratye krodha ke dveSano bhAva na sevyuM ane dharaNendra pratye moha ke rAgane bhAva na sevyuM. baMne pratye samAna bhAva sevya eTale ke tulya manovRtti sevI. samatA eTale nirbaLatA nahi, ke kAyaratA nahi. samatA eTale jaDatA ke bhAvazUnyatA nahi. samatA eTale aMtaranI udAtA. samatA eTale hRdayano kSamAbhAva. ene artha e nahi ke kaI paNa ghaTanAne ke hakIkatane vagara-vicAye mAnI levI ke samatAne nAme ene saMmati ApavI. ema karavAthI avyavasthA sarjAya. samatA eTale samajaNapUrvakanI, vicArapUrvakanI svasthatA; kasoTI ke kaTakaTInI kSaNe paNa svasthatA. zAMta cittanI svasthatAmAMthI viveka janma che. vivekI vyakti pratyeka bAbatamAM je satya che, zubha che, vAstavika ane yathArtha che tene jue che, samaje che ane svIkAre che. je azubha che, hAnikAraka che tene paNa te samaje che, pArakhe che, ane yaje che. viveka vyaktine jAgrata rAkhe che. viveka mArgadarzakanuM kAma kare che. samatA jyAre siddha thAya tyAre ApaNe harapaLa vANI, vicAra, vartanane jhINavaTapUrvaka tapAsIe chIe. vyaktimAM samatA Ave tyAre zubha pravRttine udaya thAya che; sva ane para-kalyANa karavAnI IcchA thAya che. samatA eTale palAyana vRtti nahi. samatA vyaktine jIvana pratye abhimukha kare che. bahAranAgame tevA viSama saMge vacce tenI sAcI samatA khaMDita thatI

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16 jaina sAhitya samArAha nathI. sukha-duHkha, hAra-jIta, niMdA-stuti, mAna-apamAna, lAbha ke hAni vagere aneka dro samatA dhAraNa karanAra vyaktinA cittane vicalita karI zakatAM nathI. "" samatA e yeAga che. AcAya haribhadrasUrie yeAganA pAMca prakAra batAvyA che: (1) adhyAtma, (ra) bhAvanA, (3) dhyAna, (4) samatA ane (5) vRtti. yAgane sAde| artha che 'joDavuM". samatA sAthe cittane joDavuM arthAt samatA sAthe ekarUpa banI javuM, te samatAyeAga. vyAkhyA prajJapti'mAM kahyuM che, AtmA samatvarUpa che. AtmAnuM dhyeya samatva che. " kudAkudAcAye kahyuM che, AtmA e ja samayasAra che. samarthya cakSya sAruM tatsamayasAram / meha ane kSeAbhathI rahita A mAnI avasthA te samatva che. bhagavAna kRSNe gItAmAM samatvanuM gaurava karatAM kahyuM che: samatvam yoma rajyate 1 ,, ' jaina dharma sAdhanAnA kSetre mamatvanA visarjana ane samatvanA prakaTIkaraNa upara bhAra mUko che. samatvathI mArApaNAne, ahamane bhAva dUra thAya che. samattva AtmAnA sahaja svabhAva che. na sAcI samatA sevanAra vyakti sadAcArI bane che. jo te davAnA vepArI hAya te! bheLaseLavALI davA peAtAnA svajanane na Ape, tema khIjAne paNa na Ape. anAjane vepArI pAte saDeluM anAja na vApare, tema khIjAte vece paNa nahiM. tevI ja rIte vyavahAranAM badhAM kSetramAM vyakti samabhAvane kAraNe ahitakArI nahiM paraMtu sarvAMhitakArI vRtti dharAve. O jaina danane sAra samatA che. zAstrajJAe samyakRdarzana, samyak jJAna ane samyakcAritryane samAveza samabhAvamAM ja karyAM che. ahiMsA, aparigraha ane anekAntavAda - e traNe parasparapUraka che, ane e traNene AdhAra che samatA. samatAnA vikAsa mATe, peSaNa mATe ane samatAnI sthiratA mATe A traNe siddhAMtA Avazyaka che, ahiMsA

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samatA 217 eTale jIvamAtra pratye samabhAva. samagra cetana sRSTi pratye samabhAva dvArA ja mAnavI samagra vizvacetanA sAthe ekatva anubhavI zake che. jeTaluM samatva vadhAre teTaluM ahiMsAnuM pAlana sArI rIte thaI zake. vizvaprema ahiMsA che, sakaLa jIvasRSTi pratye Atmasama daSTi te samatA che. anekAntavAda eTale vicAra ke vANI dvArA samatAnuM AcaraNa. anekAntavAda eTale vaicArika sahiSNutA. vividha vyaktie, vAda ane dharmomAM vicAranA bheda te rahevAnA. tene samabhAvathI tapAsI, samanvaya karI, satya pAmavuM te samatA. vizvazAMti mATe amegha sAdhana te samatA che. anekAntavAda eTale vaicArika aparigraha, vaicArika parigraha eTale vicAranuM, matanuM mamatva. huM kahuM te ja sAcuM- A valaNa te vicArane parigraha. bIjAnAM vicAra ke maMtavyamAM rahelA satyane svIkAra karavo te vaicArika samabhAva. bhatAMdhatA ke AgrahIpaNuM tyajavuM te vaicArika aparigraha. dharma, rAjakAraNa, kuTuMba vagere dareka kSetre matabheda dUra karavA mATe anekAntavAda uttama bhAga che. bhagavAna mahAvIre gRhastho mATe maryAdita parigrahane mArga prabodhe. Arthika viSamatAnuM mULa tRSNa che, saMgrahavRtti che. te jarUriyAtathI vadhAre rAkhavuM ane bIjAne jarUriyAtathI vaMcita rAkhavAM e vRtti hiMsA - viSamatA tarapha dore che. A doSamAMthI bacavA, bhagavAne dAnane baMdha paNa Ape. dAna eTale jarUriyAtavALAne upakArabuddhithI nahi paraMtu potAnuM kartavya ke Avazyaka kriyA samajIne ApavuM. A kriyAne samavibhAga ke samavitaraNanI kriyA kahI zakAya. enA mULamAM samatA ke samabhAvane Adarza rahele che. samatA pamAya kevI rIte? e mATe jAgRtapaNe khUba puruSArtha karavo paDe. sahu prathama hadayazuddhi karavI joIe. durgaNe ane

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218 jaina sAhitya samArA durvAsanAothI hRdaya malIna thAya che arIseA cAkhe heya tA pratibiMba cokhkhu* dekhAya. citrakAra citra karatAM pahelAM phalakane sAA kare che, tevI rIte haiyAmAM peThelA duSNeA dUra karIe tA ja hRdayamAM samatA jevA uccatama guNane avakAza maLe. Ana dhanajI lakhe che : * sevana kAraNa pahelI bhUmikA maiM abhaya, adveSa, akheda.' bhaya ammAMthI janme che. aham emALI nAkhIe te abhaya janme, sattA, kIrti, sa`pattinI nirarthaka harIphAI cheDIe te adveSa pragaTe. abhaya, adveSanI vRttimAMthI akheda, sAttvika AnaMda janme. A traNe dvArA hRdayazuddhi thAya teA samatAprAptinI bhUmikA taiyAra thAya. sAdhupuruSa ke cAritryazIla vyaktione satsaMga keLavavAthI, emanA jIvanavyavahArane! abhyAsa karavAthI samatAne bhAva pragaTe. vaLI tattvajJAnanA abhyAsathI AtmasvarUpa samajAya, AtmA ane zarIranA bheda samajAya. zarIra nAzavaMta che, mRtyu nizcita che. mRtyune vicAra mANasane duSkRtya karatAM aTakAve ane puNyakArya jhaDapathI karavA prere. pazcAdbhUmAM samatA hAya tA ja puNyakArya sAka thAya. kahyuM che. samatA viSNu je Acare prANI puNyanAM kAma, chAra upara jima lI'paNa', nheM jhAMkhara citrAma.' dhama pAlana mATe jaina dhame je cha Avazyaka kriyAo kahI che temAMnI eka kriyA te sAmAyika' che. sAmAyika samatAprAptine uttama upAya che. sAmAyikane sUkSma artha che samatAbhAva dhAraNa karavA. sAmAyika eTale gurunI AjJA laI be ghaDI eka Asane besI sa` pApajanaka pravRtti cheADI devI ( sAvalaga goLa khvAmi ) ane peAtAnAM nidya kRtyA mATe pazcAttApa karavA, (Rimi, rihAni, aAna vesirAmi); e ghaDI mATe prayatnapUrvaka jAgrata rahIne samatA

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simalA 219: bhAva dhAraNa karavo. vAraMvAra sAmAyika karavAthI samatA dhAraNa karavAnI Teva paDe che. zAstrakAroe sAmAyikane nikaSa eka zlokamAM yathArtha rIte darzAvyo che: samatA sarvabhUteSu. saMyamaH zubha bhAvanA / Artaraudra parityAga, taddhi sAmAyika vratam / / prANIpAtra pratye prema ane samatApUrNa jIvanavyavahAra, pAMce. Indrio upara saMyama, maitrI, pramoda, karuNa ane mAdhyamastha - e zubha bhAvanAo sevavI ane Araudra sthAnane tyAga karavo. A. vratane sAmAyika vrata kahI zakAya. parakalyANanI ciMtA eTale maitrI. jJAnIo ene AdhyAmika pravRtti kahe che. maitrInuM eka aMga che prema ane bIju che kSamA. samatAbhAva hoya to ja prema ane kSamA Take. koInAM vicAro, kSatio, deze, aparAdha tarapha samatAbhAva hoya te ja cittanI. zAMti jaLavAya. kahevAyuM che : "aparAdhI paNa citta thakI, navi citavIe pratikULa." paratuva tuSTi muditA ! pArakAnA saNane, sukhane joIne AnaMda pAmavo te pramoda, saMto, munio, jJAnavAna, guNavAna,. cAritryazIla vyaktione joIne AnaMda anubhavo joIe. guNane pakSa vAta karavo joIe. Ama karavAthI ApaNAmAM je guNo aMzataH heya tene vikAsa thAya che. virodhIonA guNonI paNa prazaMsA. karavAthI temane mitra banAvI zakAya. pramodabhAva samabhAvane puSTa kare che. zarIra ane citta banene prasanna, svastha rAkhavAmAM pramoda-. bhAva sahAyabhUta bane che. karaNane durvAvanAzinI kahevAmAM Ave che. eTale ke duHkhI jInA zArIrika temaja mAnasika duHkha dUra karavAne bhAva te.

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220 jaina sAhitya samAreha karuNA. du:khInAM duHkha eAchAM karavAthI karmanI nirjarA thAya che; ApaNI vRtti nirmaLa thAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIre saMgamadeva pratye apAra karuNA batAvI. samatAnA utkRSTa bhAva vinA te saMbhave nahi. dUpha, - hamadardI, lAgaNuM, samabhAva ityAdi dukhI mANasane khare TAMkaNe amRta chAMTaNA samAna banI jAya che. mAdhyastha eTale karuNApUrNa upekSA. ghoDo upekSA adhama, mArga bhUlelA, deSita pratye upekSA sevavI. mAdhyastha eTale krodha ane ke kamratAne bhAva sevyA vinA alipta rahevuM. A udAsInatA ke upekSA jaDa nahi paraMtu karuNapUrNa hevI joIe. karuNAne bhAva na hoya te ApaNAmAM jaDatA ke rukSatA AvI javAno saMbhava rahe. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI sajhAyamAM kahe che: rAga dharIje jahAM guNa lahIe, nirguNa upara samacitta rahIe " A cAre bhAvanAthI vizvamatrI sadhAya che. A cAre bhAvanA -dharmadhyAnanI bhAvanA che. tenAthI Atta-raudra dhyAthI mukta thavAya che. ane samatAyukta dharmadhyAna pragaTe che. anukaMpA, prema, udAratA ane dAnanAM bIja pragaTe che ane poSAya che. cittavRtti sthira thAya che. jema vRtti zuddha ane sthira thAya tema anirvacanIya AnaMda - anubhavAya che. samatA ane dhyAna parasparapUraka che. samatA vinA, cittanI sthiratA vinA, dhyAna thatuM nathI. dhyAnathI samatA nizcala thAya che. na sAmye vinA dhyAnam , na dhyAnena vinA ca yat / jema jema dhyAnanI kSamatA vadhatI jAya tema tema manamAM vizeSa prakAranuM caitanya jAgrata thAya che. caitanya e samatvanI prajJA che. samatA e jJAna che. athavA to ema kahI zakAya ke jJAnane

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samatA 221. sAra samatA che. dharmanI sAdhanAne prathama udeza sAcI dRSTi ane sAcuM jJAna prApta karavuM e che. jema jema rAgadveSathI para thaIe. tema tema AtmA parathI moha ane ajJAnanuM AvaraNa haTatuM jAya.. jemanAM jIvanamAM samatA Ave tevI vyaktione sAmyagI athavA to paMkitA samazinaH kahevAmAM Ave che. vItarAgapaNanI sAdhanAne. AdhAra samatA che. samatAnA aneka lAbha che. samatAthI uttama guNenI rakSA thAya', che, cittanI zAMti pragaTe che, game tevA viparIta saMjogomAM vicalita thayA vinA sAcA ane sArA tvarita nirNaya laI zakAya che. bAhya saMjogo parivartanazIla che. tenA para kadAca ApaNe kAbU na hoya, paraMtu samatAne kAraNe AMtaravRtti para kAbU meLavI zakAya che. pari. NAme niSkapaTatA ane niSkaSAyatA prApta thAya che. adhyAtmayogI AnaMdaghanajI kahe che : citta prasanna re pUjana phUla kahyuM, pUjA akhaMDita eha." samatAthI janmatI cittanI prasannatA e ja sAcI bhakti che. samatAthI mAnasika samatulAnI sAthe zArIrika samatulA paNa meLavI zakAya. rogane sahana karavAnI tAkAta Ave. samatAno abhAva hoya to jIvanavyavahAramAM keTalIka vAra mAnasika tanAva pedA thAya che; jAtajAtanA bhaya akaLAve che; jAtajAtanI zaMkA-kuzaMkA sevAya che. keTalIka ciMtA umAda sudhI pahoMcADe che. moTA bhAganI bImArI mAnasika tanAvanA kAraNe hoya che. samatA hoya to tanAva para kAbU meLavI zakAya che. samatA mokSanuM sAdhana che. samatA dvArA vairAgya prApta thAya che. vairAgyaprApti mATe je sAdhanA karIne temAM prathama pagathiyuM eTale ke taLeTI samatA che, ane carama zikhara paNa samatA che. sAdhanAne prAraMbha prema, karuNA, ahiMsA, uMdAratA vagerethI thAya che. kramaza:

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223 sAdhanA tIvra banatAM sAdhaka vItarAgatA sudhI paheAMce che. jaina sAhitya samAreAha zAstrakArAe, jJAnIee samatAnuM ghaNuM gaurava karyuM che. jAnanti kAmAnnikhilIH sasaMjJA, artha narAH ke'pi ca ke'pi ca dharmam / janaM ca kecid gurudevazuddham kecit zivam ke'pi ca ke'pi sAbhyam // sasa AvALAM prANIe kAmane jANe che. temAMthI keTalAMka ane (dhanane) jANuM che. temAMthI keTalAMka dharmane jANe che. temAMthI thoDAMka devaguruyukta dharmane jANe che. temAMthI thoDAMka meAkSane ane temAMthI gheADAMka samatAne ANe che. (samatA--adhyAtma kalpataru') samatAnuM mUlya ATaluM mATuM che. jIvanavyavahAramAM dareka kSetre samatAbhAva jeTalA vadhAre teTalI sukhazAMti vadhAre. samatvanI sAmUhika sAdhanA karavAmAM Ave te soMdharahita, zeSaNarahita sahiSNu samAja nirmANa thAya, samatA jyAre daDha bane, sahaja bane tyAre zvAsezvAse vizvakalyANanI bhAvanAnA srota vahevA mAMDe. samatA e amUlya saMpatti che. AnaMdarUpI amRta temAMthI prApta thAya che. tethI ja jJAnIo kahe che samatA e paramezvara che.'

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jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyaMnA kathAghaTakA pannAlAla 2. zAhe thAsAhitya vanane rasa che. yugeyuganI emAM lAkSaNikatA hAya che. ApaNA prAcInamadhyakAlIna kathAsAhityamAM keTalAMka evAM tattvA che, je Aje preraka ane upayAgI bane che. temaja temAM vArtArasa akaba'dha jaLavAyele che. paNa mAtra eka viSayamAM rasa dharAvatA vAcakavarganI ja UNapa che. e aMge DA. harivallabha bhAyANI teAMdhe che tema, ApaNe tyAM bhUtakALanAM bhASA, sAhitya ane sauMskRtinA abhyAsa ane saMzAdhananI achata vadhatI jatI lAge che. e jotAM bIka rahe che ke e viSayanuM game tevuM lakhANa tadvidanuM lakhANa gaNAI jAya~te sAthe aneA vAcaka zeAdhavA paDe--evA samaya dUra nathI. '1 ApaNuM. kathAsAhitya eTaluM vizALa che ke jIvananAM badhAM pAsAMne te AvarI le che, ane anubhavathI nItaratI bAnImAM Apane jIvananAM mUlyeA pIrasI zake evI ucca kakSAe lakhAyelI che. akabara-khIrabala, bheAjarAjA ke vikramAditya, maMtrI abhaya ityAdinI asAdhAraNa buddhicAturyaMnI vAtA bAju para rAkhIe te paNa sAmAnya mANasanA jIvananA prasaMgeAmAMthI navanItarUpe tAravIne, sabha`ga thavA dIdhA vinA, ApaNA sAhityasvAmIee kathA gUthI che, ane emAM jIvananA phUTa praznone buddhikauzalya dvArA-ukela sUcavI jIvana-ghaDatarane rAha cIdhyeA che. ApaNA kathAsAhityanI khIjI viziSTatA e che ke ene sImAbadhana nathI. je eka prajA mATe satya che, eTaluM ja e khIjI 1 juo zASa ane svAdhyAya': nivedana, pRSTha pa

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224 jaina sAhitya samArAha prajA mATe paNa hevAnuM ja. eTale ApaNA kathAsAhitye videzapravAsa' kheDyo che ane mULa kathAmAMthI paradezanA vAtAvaraNane anurUpa kathAnuM rUpAMtara-dhaDatara thayuM che, ane e vAtA paradezanA prajAjIvanamAM sthAyI thaI che. te eTalA mATe ke le!kasAhitya ane leAkakalAmAM te te samAjanA bhAvavAhI jIvananuM amuka pramANamAM sAcu pratibiMba jhilAya che, ane AvuM sAhitya amuka dezanuM ke te dezanA leAkeAnuM na banI rahetAM, AkhA vizvanuM, samasta mAnavasamAjanuM sAhitya anI jAya che. have ApaNe buddhikauzalyanI vAtA joIe. AdhAsana kathAo priyajananA mRtyuthI zAkamagna mAnavIne, mRtyu anivAya che e vAta, sAMtvana ke dilAse| ApavAthI sIdhI rIte samajAtI nathI, tyAre yuktipUrvaka ene e vAta samajAvavI paDe che. AvA prasaMga ApaNAM saunAM jIvananA paDaghA pADe che. jAtakakathAmAM AvatI vAtA ApaNe emAMthI joIe : putranA avasAnathI zekamagna kRSNe sAva sUnamUna thaI jatAM, tenA bhAI dhUta paMDita gAMDapaNanA DhAMga karI 'sasaluM'-'sasaluM' ema peAkAratA bhame che. kRSNa ene e bArAmAM pUche che eTale paDita kahe che ke, bhAre caMdramAM raheluM sasaluM joIe che.' kRSNa ene samajAve che ke, bhAI ! tuM tA sAva azakavya vastunI mAMgaNI kare che ! ' . dhUrta paMDite vaLatA javAba ApyA : 'marelA putranI pAchaLa zAka na cheDatA evA tuM tene pAche! meLavavAnI AzA rAkhe che e paNa eTalI ja azakaya vAta nathI zuM ? ' pratyuttarathI kRSNanI AMkha UghaDI jAya che. khIjI eka kathAmAM putranA avasAnathI vyathita strIne tathAgata

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225 jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake je gharamAM koInuM ya mRtyu na thayuM hoya, e gharamAMthI rAInI mUDI lAvavAnuM kahe che. zokamagna strI ghera ghera jAya che, paNa sahune ghera mRtyu te thayuM ja hoya che, eTale vAstavika paristhiti samajatAM zoka cheDI de che. ane ethI ya vadhAre asAdhAraNa buddhipratibhA, sAketanagaranA priya mitra zreSThinI putrI suMdarInI vAtamAM che. tenA lagna vaizramaNa zreSThinA putra priyaMkara sAthe thAya che. devavazAta priyaMkara avasAna pAme che, paNa suMdarIne e vAta nAmaMjUra che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa duniyAdArInA DAhyA mANase ene dumane lAge che. eTale priyaMkaranA mRta dehane laI e smazAnamAM vase che. karuNa ane duHkhanI avadhine ADe AMka AvatAM zreSThie madanarAjane toDa lAvavA vinaMtI karI. rAjaputra anaMgarAja e bIDuM jhaDape che. svarUpavAna yuvatIne mRta deha laIne e paNa smazAnamAM vase che. pitAnI patnI mAyAdevIne marI gayelI jAhera karanAra DAhyA lAkethI bhAgIne e smazAnamAM Avyo che evuM e suMdarIne kahe che. dhIme dhIme baMne vacce - suMdarI ane anaMgarAga vacce- vizvAsanuM vAtAvaraNa jAme che. aMte eka divasa lAga joI anagarAge baMne mRtadeha kUvAmAM pheMkIne kahyuM ke ApaNuM gerahAjarImAM mAyAdevI ane priyaMkara nAsI gayAM che ane suMdarIne naze UtarI gayo che. premanI dIvAla vAthI paNa majabUta hovA chatAM bevaphAInI AzaMkA samI nAnI kAMkarI AgaLa e TakI zaktI nathI. A vAtane kendramAM rAkhI anaMgarAje yukti racI ane suMdarIne zekamukta karI. 2. AkhI vArtA mATe juo : "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava graMtha': bhAga-3 : khaMDa bIjo: pRSTha 13 : vArtA : "snehataMtunA tANAvANA", lekhaka pU. munizrI duradharavijayajI. 15

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jaina sAhitya samAroha paDakAra jhIlatI kathAo strInuM abhimAna -mAnI lIdheluM ke vAstavika - teDavA mATe pati taraphathI strIne pitAnuM sAmarthya puravAra karavAno paDakAra pheMkAya che, tyAre strI e paDakAra jhIlI laI, pitAnI caturAIthI ane dakSatAthI e pramANe puravAra karI Ape che. - bAramI zatAbdImAM lakSmagaNie racelI "supAsanA caria mAM, paradAra gamanaviramaNa vrata viSaye anaMgakroDA- aticAre dhanakathAmAM I. sa. 1443mAM( vi. saM. 1499)mAM, paM. zrI zubhazIlagaNie racelA "vikramacaritrama'mAM, kavi zAmaLakRta "siMhAsanabatrIzI'nI 2bhI "strIcaritranI vArtAmAM, siMdhanI madhyakAlIna vArtA "birasiMga ane su darabAInI vArtAmAM, vi saM. 1747mAM racAyela abhayasamakRta "mAnatuMga mAnavatI upaI"mAM ane pazcimanA sAhityamAM kezinA DekAmenI trIjA divasanI navamI vArtAmAM upara jaNAvelI kathArUDhi najare paDe che. "bhAnatuMga-mAnavatI caupaI" parathI ApaNuM zrI yogendra desAIe "mAna-apamAna" nRtyanATikA utArI che. zAmaLanI siMhAsanabatrIsImAM AvatI kathA A pramANe che: eka vaNika kanyA rAjA vikramane e paDakAra pheMke che ke vikramacaritra ja duniyAmAM eka nathI. strIcaritranI tela mtamAM kAMI ja AvI zakatuM nathI. , vaNika kanyAne pATha zIkhavavAnA irAdAthI rAja vikrama potAnA 3. A aMge zrI janaka davene lekhaH "azakyane zakaya karI batAvavAno paDakAra jhIlatI patnI - eka madhyakAlIna kathArUDhi" mATe juo H "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayaH suvarNa mahotsava graMtha': bhAga 1lo: gujarAtI vibhAga, pRSTha 196.

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jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTako 217 putra vikramacaritranA lagna enI sAthe kare che. ekabIjAne maLavA detA nathI ane nagara bahAra ekadaMDiyA mahelamAM tene rAkhe che. A mahelamAMthI bahAra nIkaLI zake nahIM evI vyavasthA hatI. nArIzakti ajoDa ane apUrva che e puravAra karavA tAre bALaka sahita mane maLavAnuM che. ema thaze tyAre tAre chuTakAro thaze." tyArabAda vaNika kanyA dAsI mAraphata pitAnA pitAne vIMTI mokale che. vIMTImAM saMdeza hoya che. tadanusAra bhoMyaruM banAvavAmAM Ave che. e bhoMyarA vATe bahAra nIkaLI, sAbaliyaNa banI vikrama caritrane mehAMdha karI saMga kare che ane putra meLave che. AbhUSaNavastro nizAnIrUpe meLave che. bIjI vakhata jogaNuM banI saMjIvanavidyAnA lebhI vikramacaritrane phasAvI saMga kare che ane putra meLave che, temaja dhanadolata paDAvI le che. pachI kazuM ja na jANatI heya e rIte mahelamAM pAchI phare che. aMte vAtane ghaTasphoTa thatAM vaNika kanyAne Adara apAya che ja saMketa "vetAlapaccIzImAM vetAla rAjAne samasyAgarbha kathAo kahe che. kathAne aMte prazna mUke che. vikrama enI asAdhAraNa buddhithI tenA pratyuttara Ape che. atre ApaNe enA buddhikauzalyanI vAta nathI karavI. paNa samasyagarbha kathAnAM nAyaka-nAyikAnA mitranI buddhipratibhA ApaNe jevI che. nAyaka-nAyikAnuM milana karAvavA ApaNI kathAomAM saMketane sAre upayoga thaye che. sAMketika bhASA agara sAMketika ceSTAnuM mAdhyama buddhikauzalyanuM udAharaNa e rIte pUruM pADe che. che. A kathArUDhi-kathAvastu para AdhArita zrI mehanalAla cunIlAla dhAmIkRta vArtA "saMgharSa: juoH "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayaH suvarNa mahotsava pratha: bhAga-raje, khaMDa bIje, pRSTha 76.

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228 jaina sAhitya samAroha semadevanA "kathAsaritsAgaranI "tAla paMcavizatikAnI pahelI kathAmAM maMtrIputra sAthe nIkaLelA rAjakumAre manamAM sarevarakAMThe sakhIe. sAthe snAna karavA AvelI eka suMdarI joI. paraspara anurAga. ramatanA bahAne saMketa karatAM suMdarIe kaNa upara utpala mUkayuM. pachI dAMta sApha karyA. mastaka para padma rAkhyuM ane hAtha hRdaya parapachI cAlI gaI. maMtrIputre saMketa samajAvatAM kahyuM, "karNa upara u5la mUkayuM eTale katpala rAjAnA nagaramAM rahe che. dAMta sApha karIne, hAthIdAMtanAM ghATa ghaDanAra maNiyAranI putrI che ema sUcavyuM. masta para padma rAkhI pitAnuM nAma padmAvatI jaNAvyuM. hAtha hRdaya para rAkhI snehane ekarAra karyo. A rIte judA judA saMketa dvArA milana thAya che. atre e noMdhavuM rasaprada gaNAze ke sAMketika bhASA agara sAMketika ceSTAne kathAmAM upayoga thayo che tyAre nAyaka saMketa samajato nathI. je A rIte thAya te ja nAyaka saMketane artha mitra agara svajanane pUche ane tenA khulAsA dvArA ja kathAkAra zrotAone enuM arthaghaTana samajAvI zake ! A rIte A kathAne hai. harivallabha bhAyANuM dhe che tema, bhUkha nAyaka ane catura mitranA vyApaka kathAprakAramAM samAveza thAya che. meMgola bhASAnI siMhAsanabatrIzI (AjiMbejiMkhAna")mAM paNa AvI sAMketika ceSTAone upaga thaye che. vIre vara karIza: puruSaveze paradeza jatI nAyikA madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM puruSaveze patinI sAthe paradeza jatI. nAcikAnuM kathAvastu dhyAna kheMce evuM che. kavi zAmaLa bhaTTanI kathA pa. juo bA~dha ane svAdhyAya, pRSTha 150.

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jena sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake 229 madana-mehanAmAM mahinA madananI sAthe puruSaveze jAya che. mahinA rAjaputrI che, ane madana maMtrIputra che, eTale baMne vaccenA vivAha rAja maMjUra na kare eTalA mATe pati sAthe puruSaveze nAsI javAnI tarakIba upayogamAM levAI che mehanA jyAre puruSaveze paradeza javAnI vAta kahe che, tyAre tenA samarthanamAM pitAnA pati sAthe puruSaveze paradeza gayela rajapUtANInI vAta kahe che. "madanamohanAmAM A vAta avAMtarakathA-ADakathA chaThThI che. A vAta pracalita lekakathA parathI levAI che. siMdhI lekakathAmAM rAjabAlAnI vArtA che, jemAM rAjabAlA enA pati ajitahi sAthe puruSaveze paradeza jAya che ane ude. puranA rANI jagatasiMhane tyAM baMne jaNa gulAbasiMha ane ajitasiMhanAM nAme (sALA-banevI tarIke) pratihArI tarIke karI svIkAre che. evAmAM eka ziyALAnI rAtre mAvaThuM thayuM. varasa da ane vAvaToLamAM aMdhArI meghalI rAte ekalavAyA, viraha pIDAtA gulAbasiMhe evI matalabano duho lalakAryo ke megha mUzaLadhAra varase che, nadImAM pUra caDyAM che, vIjaLI camake che, bhInI dharatI maheke che, paNa mAruM haiyuM jalI rahyuM che. ajitasiMhe pratyuttaramAM sAme duha lalakAryo ke bhagavAna dayALu che, duHkhiyAne belI che, dharatI bhale sUtI hoya, Abha sadAye jAgatuM ja che, keI AgalAM bhavanAM karyA A bhave ApaNane naDe che ane ApaNI vacce vijoga pADe che." 6 kInkaMDakRta "Tales of Sind." 7 A duhe A pramANe deza vIjAM pIyu paradezamAM piyu baMdhavA re veza. je dI' jAzAM dezameM te dI" bAMdhava pIyu kareza.

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230 jaina sAhitya samAroha jagatasiMhanI catura rANu A duhA sAMbhaLI pAmI gaI ke pratihAro pati patnI che, ane zayanagRhanI cekI karanAra strI ja che. teNe rAjAne vAta karI. rAjAe karelI pUchaparachamAM A vAta sAcI nIkaLatAM e baMnene lagnavyavahAra mATe joItI rakama ApI, lagna karAvI ApyAM. A ja kathA "saurASTranI rasadhAra,' bhAga 4, pRSTha 88-98 mAM dastAveja' nAme ApaNuM rASTrIya zAyara sva. jhaveracaMda meghANIe vigataphere noMdhI che. temAM rajapUtANuM rAjabAlAne badale rAjabAnI khAsa kaTI jAya che. baMne rajapUtonI najare caDe tema cUle UkaLavA mUkeluM dUdha UbharAvA mAMDe che. rAjabA strIsahaja svabhAvathI belI UThe che: "e...e..dUdha UbharAya !" ane A kasoTI parathI puruSaveze rahelI rAja kA strI ja che ema nakkI thAya che. A kathAmAM kasoTInuM tattva umerAyuM che. madhyakAlIna lokakathAne, puruSaveze paradeza kheDatI nAyikAnI kalpanA ghaNI ja AkarSaka lAgI che. vimalasUri raviSeNa ane svayaM. bhUkRta "padmacarita' ke "paumariyamAM rAjaputrI kalyANamAlA rAjaputra kalyANamAla tarIke rAjya kare che. "vasudevahiMDImAM puMDAlaMbhakamAM ane kathAsaritsAgaramAM devasimatAnI kathAmAM, "haMsAvatI-vikramacaritravivAhamAM puruSaveze paradeza kheDatI haMsA prayAganA aputra rAjAthI dattaka levAIne gAdIpati bane che. "kAmAvatI'mAM paNa nAyikA puruSaveze aneka strIo paraNe che. "raDhiyALI rAta," bhAga trIje, pR. 2429mAM tejamalanA lokagItamAM, ThAkoranI sAta putrImAMthI tejamala, zatrunI phevarane sAmane karavA puruSaveze zastra sajIne nIkaLe che. ahIM senAmAM rahelA tenA sAthIo tejamala strI che ke puruSa tenI cakAsaNI karavA ghaNe prayatna kare che, paraMtu tejamala caturAIthI evA

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jene jahityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTako 231 badhA prasaMgee puruSasahaja vartana dAkhavIne kasoTIo pAra kare che ane potAnI jAti sinyathI chupAvI zake che. chaLa sAme pratichaLa A prakAranA kathAghaTakane penjare "kalpita leNAnI kalpita cUkavaNI ane Do. harivallabha bhAyANue ThagAru mAgaNuM ane ThagArI cUkavaNuTa evA kathAyuktinA udAharaNa-lekhe nirdeza karyo che. emAM tarka jALa ane zabdajALanA prayoga dvArA ThagAIne prayatna thAya che. A prakAranA ghaTaka ApaNane bauddhagraMtha "mahAvastunI puNyavaMta jAtakI kathAmAM paMdaramI zatAbdImAM cAritraratnamaNikRta dAnapradIpa'nA AThamA prakAzamAM ratnapAlarAjAnI kathAmAM tenA pUrvabhavanA vRttAMtamAM siddhadatta ane dhanadattanI vAtamAM, bhImakRta "sadayavatsa vIra prabaMdha (I. sa. 1410 pahelAM), ane harSavardhanakRta saMskRta gadyamaya "sadayavasakathA" (I. sa. 1454-74)mAM, "kathAsaritsAgaramAM, pAMcamI zatAbdInA jaina kathAgraMtha "vasudevahiMDImAM, dharmo padezamAlA vivaraNa" (9mI sadI), 'jAtakakathA, paMcataMtra, "zukasaptativageremAM maLe che. chaLa sAme pratiSkaLaH tajALa puNyavaMta jAtakamAM prajJa vAdI rAjamArga upara laTAra mAratA hatA, tyAM agragaNikA ane noSThine putra jhagaDo karatAM hatAM. vigatamAM UtaratAM prajJAvAdIne jANavA maLyuM ke nagarazreSThinA putra agragaNikAne rAtre sevAmAM bolAvI hatI, paraMtu te rAtre te rokAyelI hatI eTale bIjA divase AvavAno vAyado karyo, paraMtu nagarazreSThinA 8 juoH "Ocean of Stories" 5, 132-133 Note; 9, 155 56 Note, 9 juoH "zodha ane svAdhyAya', pR. 224-234.

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ra3ra jaina sAhitya samAroha putre te rAtre svapnamAM agragaNikA pAsethI sevA lIdhI. eTale bIjA divase nagaravadhUne sevAmAM AvavAnI nA kahI, paraMtu agragaNikAo kahyuM, "ema che te mArA vetananA eka lAkha mane ApI de." paNa zreSThiputra ema zene mAne ? A jhaghaDo prajJAvAdIne soMpAyo. teNe kahyuM: 'je zraSThiputre gaNikAnI sevA lIdhI hoya to gaNikAne je bhAva hoya te teNe ApI devuM joIe. pachI eka arIse maMgAvyA ne eka lAkha suvarNamudrA bharelI peTI maMgAvI. arIsAne sAme dharI, gaNikAne belAvI, kahyuM: "arIsAmAM eka lAkha suvarNamudrAnuM pratibiMba paDe che te laI le. jevI zreSThiputre tArI svapnamAM sevA lIdhI, tevuM tane vetana Ape che kAraNa ke svapna ane pratibiMba samAna che.' Ama, agragaNikAnI tarka jALathI bharelI ThagArI mAMgaNIne, e ja tarka jALano upayoga karIne TharI cUkavaNI karavAmAM Ave che. cAritraratnamaNikRta "dAnapradIpa(I. sa. 1443)mAM dhanadattanI vivekabuddhine prasaMga A pramANe che: eka vAra eka kapaTI, sArthavAha banIne, bAra koDa suvarNa mudrA dharAvatI gaNikA anaMgasenAne tyAM gayo. gaNikAe tene dhanADhaya mAnI, yuktipUrvaka kahyuM: 'tamArI pAsethI mane bAra kareDa suvarNa mudrA maLI che evuM chellA pahere mane svapna AvyuM che ane e sAcuM paDaze ema mane lAge che.' A sAMbhaLI dhUrta sArthavAhe kahyuM: "vAta sAcI che. mane paNa svapna AvyuM hatuM. bAra varSa tAre tyAM mArA rahevAnA vicAranA pariNAme meM bAra kareDa suvarNamudrA tAre tyAM thApaNa tarIke mUkI che, paNa hamaNAM eka sArvavAha paradeza jAya che ane vepAra arthe mAre tenI sAthe javuM che eTale mArI anAmata pAchI Apa. paradezathI kamAIne sIdhe tAre tyAM ja AvIza. " vagere. A rIte anaMgasenA ane sArthavAhanA jhaghaDAne upara jaNAvyA mujaba, dhanadatte .

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jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake 233 arIsAmAM pratibiMba dekhADIne, nikAla A. ahIM luccAI kharekhara dhUrta vepArI kare che, agragaNikA nahIM. jApAnI kathAmAM bhaThiyArAnI dukAne taLAtI macchInI vAsa mANanAra pAse paisA mAgatAM, bhaThiyArAne dUrathI paisA dekhADI kiMmata cUkavavAmAM Ave che. iTAlInI kathAmAM bhaThiyArAnI hAMDI upara riTale dharI rAkhI tene raMdhAtI vAnInI varALathI soDamavALe karanAra pAse paisA mAgatA bhaThiyArAne paisAnA khaNakhaNATa dvArA kiMmata cUkavavAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke bhaThiyAro khAvAnI cIjanA paisA le che. paNa A to teNe varALa vecI che eTale tenA badalAmAM paisAna khaNakhaNATa ja saMbhaLAvAya. "kathAsaritsAgara'mAM A yuktine jude ja pravega maLe che. te e arthamAM ke temAM chaLa sAme pratirachaLa nahIM paNa chaLa karavA mATe ja ne upayoga thAya che. eka zrImaMtanuM eka saMgItakAre vINAvAdanathI manaraMjana karyuM tenA badalAmAM khajAnacIne saMgItakArane inAma ApavAnuM zrImaMte kahyuM. paraMtu khajAnacIe rokaDI nA parakhAvI. eTale vINAvAdake zrImaMtane phariyAda karI. eTale zrImaMte kahyuM: "paisA kevA? vINAvAdanathI teM mane ghaDIka zrutisukha ApyuM tema meM InAmanI vAta dvArA tene zrutisukha ApyuM. A kathAghaTakane maLatI kavi dalapatarAmanA kAvyanI paMktio turata ja yAda Ave cheH poluM che te bolyuM temAM navAI te zI karI ? sAMbeluM vagADe to huM jANuM ke tuM zANe che." chaLa sAme pratisthaLa : zabdajALane prayoga ThagavAnI yuktino bIjo prakAra te zabdajALa ke zabdachaLa. emAM zabdane bhaLato artha karI, tene lAbha levAnuM, jaina kathAgraMtha "vasudeva hiMDImAM, sarasa udAharaNa che.

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234 jaina sAhitya samAroha anAjanuM gADuM bharIne nagaramAM vecavA AvelA kaNabIne gAMdhInA dIkarAoe pUchyuM: "gADAvALuM tetara vecavuM che eTale gADAvALAe eka rUpiyAmAM te vecavA hA kahI. gAMdhInA dIkarAoe eka rUpiye ApIne tetara temaja gADuM uThAvI lIdhAM, kAraNa ke sede gADAvALA tetarano hatA. nyAyAlayamAM gADAvALA hAryo, paraMtu eka catura puruSe badale levAnI yukti zIkhavI. e pramANe gADAvALe gAMdhInA ghera gayo ne bolyo : "bhAIo ! gADuM tamane maLyuM te A baLadane paNa tame ja laI le ne ! badalAmAM zaNagAra sajelI tamArA gharanI vahuvArunA hAthe be pAlI anAja laIza." baLadanA lobhamAM gAMdhIputro. sahamata thayA ane eTale kaNabI, strIno pAlIvALA hAtha pakaDIne cAlavA lAgyo. phasAyelA kaNabIne choDAvavA catura puruSe karelI zabdajALathI gADAvALAne baLada ane dhanathI bhareluM gADuM pAchAM maLe che. AvI ja zabdajALa "Pied Piper of Hemelin' mAM, ane Merchant of Venice'mAM paNa jovA maLe che. dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa (9mI sadI)mAM zabdachaLanI vAta A pramANe che: eka gAmaDiye moTo suMDalo bharIne kAkaDI vecavA beThA hatA. eka dhUrta badhI ja kAkaDI khAI javAnI zarata lagAvI ane badalAmAM nagaranA daravAjAmAMthI jaI na zake e lADu gAmaDiyAe dhUne Apo ema nakkI thayuM. dhUrte dareka kAkaDIne ekeka baTakuM bharyuM ane zarata mujaba lADu mAgyo, tyAre gAmaDiyAe kahyuM, "AkheAkhI kAkaDI khAI ja, to zarata pUrI thayelI gaNAya." dhU zarata pAlananI khAtarI karAvavA taiyArI dekhADI je je leke kAkaDI levA AvatA hatA te kAkaDI jeIne kahetA : "are, A to khAdhelI kAkaDI che. Ane zuM kare ?" AthI dhUte zaratano lADavo mAMge. gAmaDi mUMjhA. koIka catura puruSe rasto batAvyA pramANe

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ra3 jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake eka nAnI lADuDI banAvIne nagaradvAra vacce mUkI ane kahyuM : "zarata mujaba, daravAjAnI bahAra na ja lADu A rahyo. laI lyo." dhUrtanuM moTuM paNa lADuDI jevaDuM thaI gayuM. tetaranI vAtamAM pATha zIkhavavAnI nema che, jyAre anya kathA-- ghaTakamAM phasAmaNamAMthI chuTakAro meLavavAnI nema che. lokakathAmAM ALaH buddhine durupayoga keI nikaTanA puruSa pAse strIe karelI vyabhicAranI mAgaNI nakAranAra puruSa para, ghavAyelA ahamane kAraNe janmelI veravRttithI te puruSa para strI baLAtkArane Arepa mUke : ALanA A prakArano. upaga dezadezanI ane samaya-samayanI aneka lokakathAomAM thayo che. sudarzana zreSThinI kathAmAM, rANIe karelI ayogya mAgaNIne sudarzana zreSTi siphatathI TALe che paNa pAchaLathI rANIne sudarzana. zreSThinI siphatane khyAla AvatAM, emanI para baLAtkAranuM ALa caDAve che ane rAjAe karelI chULInI sajA bhogavatAM, zaLI para caDatAM, zaLInuM siMhAsana bane che ane sudarzana zreSThi kevaLajJAna pAme che. ghavAyelo ahama ane e kAraNe pragaTatI veravRtti kevuM pariNAma. lAve che e kathAghaTaka Aje paNa eTaluM ja upayogI che! pazcimanA lekavArtA-sAhityamAM A vAtaghaTaka "pArTipheja' vAIpha' tarIke jANItuM che. prAcIna mIsarI sAhityamAM be baMdhuonI. vArtA, "IliyaDa'mAMnI bele phonanI kathA, bAIbalamAMne josepha ane pirTipherane prasaMga vagere A kathAghaTakanA AdhAre racAyelI kathAo che. ApaNe tyAM rAmAyaNanI zapaNakhAnI vAtamAM, "kathAsaritsAgara"nI. keTalIka kathAomAM, haMsAvalInI vArtAmAM temaja anyatra A prakAranA... kathAghaTaka jovA maLe che.

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236 jaina sAhitya samAroha zatrune vahemane bhega banAva pratikULa vatana karanArane prapaMcathI vahemamAM saMkevI sIdhA karavAnI yuktivALA kathAghaTakamAM nirbaLa, nAnI ke hAtha nIcenI vyakti, sabaLa ke meTI vyaktithI thayelA anyAyane dUra karavA, zatrune vahemano bhaMga banAvI sIdhA kare che. kayAreka vazavata karavA A thAghaTakano upayoga thAya che ane dhAryuM pariNAma AvatAM yuktipUrvaka vahemane dUra karavAmAM Ave che. "paumasiricarilamAM pitAnA be bhAIo sAthe rahetI dhanazrIne dAnadharma tenI baMne bhAbhIone AMkhanA kaNAnI mAphaka khUMce che. "naNaMda to amAruM ghara lUMTAve che evI bhAbhIoe karelI niMdAthI dhanazrI baMne bhAbhIone sIdhI karavA kuTila yukti race che. moTI bhAbhIne garbhita rIte cAritra zithila na thavA devAnA bhAInI - hAjarImAM ApelA upadezathI, bhAIne bhAbhInA cAritra vize zaMkA - thatAM, teno tyAga karavA taiyAra thAya che, tyAre dhanazrI vacce paDIne bhAIne samajAvatAM kahe che: "mAruM sUcana te sAmAnya upadezarUpe - hatuM. bhAbhI para vahema lAvavAnuM kAraNa nathI, ane e rIte bhAIne manAvI le che. e ja rIte nAnA bhAInA manamAM bhAbhI vize cerI age vahema UbhuM karI, vAtane siphatathI vALI le che. alabatta, A kuTila yuktithI dhanazrInA pachInA bhavamAM tenA para duHzIlatAno ane cerIne Aropa Ave che. naTaputra rohakanI vAtamAM bALarehakane duHkha detI aparamAne sIdhI karavA A byuha racAya che. pUrNabhadranA paMcAkhyAna' (1199) 1-3mAM ane pazcima bhAratIya paMcataMtra'(dasamo sake)mAM AvatI daMtila zreSTi ane goraMbhanI -vAtamAM paNa A prakAranA kathAghaTakane upayoga thayo che.

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237 natakanA mAtra mahovadhavA thAya s jaina sAhityamAM buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTake adekhAIthI prerita ALa mahAummaga" jAtakanA asAdhAraNa buddhicAturya dharAvatA mahauSadhanI adekhAIthI, bIjA pradhAna mahauSadha dezadrohI hevAno magadharAjanA manamAM vahema Ubho kare che, ane tene dezavaTe thAya che. e ja rIte seLamI sadInA aMtamAM racAyelA ballAlakRta bhejaprabaMdhamAM kAlidAsane bhoje bahu mA tethI adekhAIthI baLatA. paMDitAe rAjAnI dAsIne sAdhI, tenA dvArA rAjAnA manamAM e vahema Ubho karyo, ke kAlidAsa ane rANI lIlAvatI ekabIjAnA. premamAM che. pariNAme kAlidAsane dezavaTo maLe che. vartamAna samayamAM asAdhAraNa pratibhA ane pragati karanArA agraNuonA cAritrakhaMDanane aphavA dvArA thaI rahelo prayoga A. prakArane gaNI zakAya. samAjajIvana ane rAjakAraNamAM AvuM vizeSa. bane che. jaina, bauddha ke hindu dharmamAM kathAsAhityanuM pramANa puSkaLa che. tene mukhya uddeza dharma, nIti, karmanuM phaLa batAvavAno ane aMti mokSamArgane upadeza ApavAno hoya e svAbhAvika che. paNa e siddha karatAM pahelAM ApaNA pUrvajoe kathAsAhityamAM samagra jIvananuM vAstavika jIvananuM pUrNa darzana karAvyuM che, ane temAM eka paNa kSetra bAkI rahyuM nathI. strIcaritra, vikramacaritra, prema, vera, gaNikA, dhU, mUrkha, paMDita vagerenA jIvanapravAhane spaSTa karIne, sAmAnya mAnavIne A badhA saMjogomAM sUjha paDe e rIte mArgadarzaka banavAne paNa hetu siddha karyo che. evA sarvAgI jIvanadarzanathI para thaIne aMte mokSagAmI thavAnuM che. paNa e pahelAM darzana adhU . hoya to ethI para thaIne vItarAga thavAnuM zakya nathI. eTale ApaNA kathAsAsityamAM sAmAnya mAnavIne rasa paDe e rIte kathA--

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238 jaina sAhitya samAroha cUMTaNI karIne sarvAgI jIvanadarzana karAvyuM che ane e rIte aMtima dhyeya prApta karavAnuM sUcavyuM che. buddhicAturyanA kathAghaTaka parathI paNa A bAbata spaSTa thAya che ane jIvanavyavahAramAM upasthita thatI samasyAo ane muzkelIomAM kevA kImiyA dvArA rasto kADhavA enuM spaSTa darzana ApaNane thAya che, ane kathAsAhityanI A ja to kharI upayogitA che.

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zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya paM. kapuracaMda raNachoDadAsa vAyA zrI jinezvara bhagavaMtanA zAsanamAM jJAnanA pAMca prakAra kahela cheH 1 matijJAna, 2 zrutajJAna, 3 avadhijJAna, 4 mana 5ryavajJAna ane 5 kevalajJAna. te pAMca jJAna paikI matijJAna ane zrutajJAna IMdriya ane mananI madadathI thAya che, jyAre avadhi, mana:paryava ane kevalajJAna AtmAthI pratyakSa thAya che. jaina zAstromAM A pAMca jJAnenuM savistara varNana ApavAmAM Avela che. vartamAnakALe A kSetramAM matijJAna ane zrutajJAna mukhyapaNe che. tamAM zrutajJAna mukhyapaNe be bhAgamAM vaheMcAyeluM cheaMgapraviSTa ane 2 AMgabAhya. 1 aMgapraviSTa sRtaH zrI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA paramatAraka tIrthanI sthApanA kare che te vakhate viziSTa prakAranI buddhinA ghaNuM gaNadhara bhatavato jiM tatta? (- tava zuM?) e pramANe prabhune pUche che. tenA uttaramAM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA 3qneru yA vime vA, juve vA (= dareka padArtha utpanna thAya che, vinAza pAme che, ane sthira rahe che) e tripadI Ape che. e tripadInA AdhAre bIjabuddhinA dhaNI gaNadhara bhagavaMte te ja samaye dvAdazAMgInI racanA kare che, te aMgapraviSTa zruta kahevAya che. aMgabAhA ataH tIrtha pravartana bAda yathAsamaye gaNadhara bhagavaMta ke anya sthavira munio je sUvaracanA kare che te sarva aMga

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240 jaina sAhitya samAroha bAhya zruta kahevAya che. upAMgasUtromAM kahela AcAranI bhUmikAne jIvanamAM paripakva banAvI vikAsa karanAra mahApuruSonI caryAnuM varNana hoya che ane anya sUtromAM bAkInI bIjI vAtanuM varNana hoya che. A rIte zrI tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnI vANI je zAstramAM vyavasthita rIte gUMthI levAmAM AvI che, te Agama kahevAya che. pUrve aneka Agama hatAM, paraMtu vartamAnakALe 45 Agama che. 1, agiyAra aMgasUtroH zrI tIrthakara prabhu pAsethI prApta karI gaNadhara bhagavaMto viziSTa zrutajJAnanA baLathI dvAdazAMgInI racanA kare che, temAMnuM 12 muM daSTivAda aMga hAla vikeda pAmela hovAthI vartamAnakALe agiyAra aMge vidyamAna che. te A pramANeH 1 AcArAMga, 2 sUtrakRtAMga, 3 sthAnAMga, 4 samavAyAMga, 5 vyAkhyA prajJati (bhagavatIsUtra), 6 jJAtAdharmakathAMga, 7 upAsakadazAMga, 8 aMtakRdazAMga, 9 anuttaraupapAtika dazAMga, 10 praznavyAkaraNa ane 11 vipAkazrutAMga. tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnI ekAMta hitakara vANuno saMgraha karanAra A agiyAra aMgamAM anukrame 1 AcAra, saMyamanI nirmaLatA, 3 heya-ya-upAdeyanuM svarUpa, 4 aneka padArthonI vividha mAhitI, 5 gaNadhara zrI gautama svAmIe pUchelA prazno ane prabhue ApelA uttara, 6 aneka caritra ane daSTa, 7 daza mahAzAvakaeNnAM vistRta jIvanacaritro, 8 kevalajJAna pAmI tarata ja kSe janAra mahAmunienAM caritro, 9 saMyamanI ArAdhanA karI pAMca anuttaramAM janAra mahAmunionAM jIvanacaritro, 10 hiMsA vagere pApanA vipAke ane 11 kamenAM zubhAzubha vipAke AdinAM savistara varNana che. ' 2. bAra upAMga sUtro dvAdazAMgImAM varNavela aneka viSayamAMthI amuka amuka viSaya upara vizeSa vivecana karanArAM zA te

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241 zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya , upAMga 12 che. te A pramANeH 1 aupapAtika, 2 rAjapraznIya, 3 jIvAjIvAbhigama, 4 prajJApana 5 sUryaprajJapti, 6 jabUdIpa prajJapti, 7 caMdraprajJapti 8 narayAvalikA, 9 kapAvata sikA, 10 pupikA, 11 puSpacUlikA ane 12 vRSNidazA. A bAra upAMgomAM anukrame 1 devonI judI judI yoniomAM kyA kayA jI Upaje, tenI mAhitI, 2 pradeza rAjA ane kezI gaNadharane saMvAda tathA sUryAbhadeva bhagavAnanI AgaLa karela batrIza nATakanI mAhitI, 3 jIva-ajIvanuM svarUpa, 4 jIva ane pudgala saMbaMdhI chatrIsa padanuM varNana, 5 sUrya saMbaMdhI varNana, 6 aMbUdvIpa saMbaMdhI nAnI-meTI aneka hakIkato, 7 caMdra saMbaMdhI varNana, 8 ceDA mahArAjA ane keNika mahArAjAnA yuddhamAM zreNika mahArAjAnA kAla-mahAkAla vagere daza putro marIne narakamAM gayA tenuM varNana, 9 kAla-mahAkAla vagere daza bhAIonA padmamahA-padma vagere daza putro saMyamanI ArAdhanA karI dazamA devaleke gayA tenuM varNana, 19 vartana mAnakAle vidyamAna sUrya-caMdra-zukra vagerenA pUrva tathA bahupatrikA devInI kathA vagere, 11 judI judI daza devIonA pUrvabhavanuM varNana, ane 12 kRSNavAsudevanA moTAbhAI baLadevanA niSadha vagere bAra putranA saMyamanI ArAdhanAne samajAvanAra jIvanacaritro Adi ApavAmAM Avela che. 3 cha dasUtre: saMyamamAge prayANa karatAM munijIvanamAM thaI janAra deSanI vizuddhi mATe prAyazcita AdinI vyavasthA darzAvanAra sUtro te chedasUtra kahevAya. te hAla che: 1 nizItha, 2. bRhatkalpa, 3 vyavahAra, 3 dazAzrutaskaMdha (hAla je paryuSaNa mahAparvamAM kalpasUtra-bArasAsUtra niyamita vaMcAya che te A sUtranuM AThamuM adhyayana che), pachaka95, ane 6 mahAnizItha, A sUtromAM mukhyatve

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jaina sAhitya samAroha sAdhujIvananA AcAre, temAM lAgatA doSo, te doSonI zuddhi mATe prAyazcita AdinAM vidhAno batAvI saMyamajIvananI ArAdhanAnI nima. LatA, pariNAmazuddhi, AcArazuddhi ane prAyazcittazuddhi AdinuM suMdara varNana che. 4 cAra mUlasUtre : zAsananI utpatti, sthiti ane rakSaNanA prANa samA cAritranA pAyAne majabUta karanArA zrutajJAnanA sAcA adhikArI banavAnI yogyatAnuM ghaDatara karanAra saMyamI jIvananA mUlagraMthe A pramANe cAra cheH 1 Avazyaka sUtra, 2 dazavaikAlika sUtra, 3 oghaniryukti-piMDaniryukti, ane 4 uttarAdhyayanasUtra. - A sutromAM anukrame 1 sAmAyika Adi cha AvazyakanuM svarUpa, 2 sAdhu sAdhvInA mULabhUta AcAronuM varNana, 3 dIkSA grahaNa karyA pachI kevI rIte bolavuM-cAlavuM-gocarI karavI vagere saMyama-jIvanane upayogI bAbato, ane 4 paramAtmA zrI mahAvIradevanI aMtima dezanA AdinuM suMdara varNana che. - pa daza prakIrNa ke (pannA) cittanA ArAdhakabhAvane jAgrata karanAra nAnA-nAnA graMthe te prakIrNaka daza che. te A pramANe : 1 catuH zaraNa, 2 Atura pratyAkhyAna, 3 mahAprayAkhyAna, 4 bhaktaparijJA, 5 taMduvaicArika, 6 saMstAraka, 7 gacchAcAra, 8 gaNividyA, 8 devendrastava ane 10 maraNasamAdhi. - A daza prakIrNakamAM anukrame 1 cAra zaraNa, 2 samAdhimaraNanI pUrva taiyArIrUpe ArAdhanA, 3 anazana mATenI taiyArInI mAhitI, 4 cAra AhArano tyAga mATenI ucita maryAdA, 5 jIvanI garbhAvasthA pachInI kramika avasthA vagere, 6 aMtima samaye cAra AhArane tyAga karI saMthAre kevI rIte karavo tenI mAhitI, 7 sAdhuonA AcAranI maryAdA ane suvihita samudAyanuM svarUpa, 8 AcArya

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zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya 243 bhagavaMtone jarUrI evAM jotiSa-muhUrta AdinI mAhitI, 9 tIrthakara bhagavaMtanI bhakti karI jIvana saphaLa banAvanAra IdronuM varNana ane 10 maraNa samaye samAdhi jALavavAnI mAhitI AdinAM varNane Apela che. 6 be cUlikAsUtro : 1 naMdIsUtra, 2 anugadvArasatra, A baMne A gama dareka AgamanAM aMgabhUta che. naMdIsUtra dareka AgamonI , vyAkhyAnA AraMbhe maMgalarUpe che ane anugadvAra sUtra AgamonI vyavasthita vyAkhyA mATe savistara mAhitI ApanAra vyAkhyA graMtha che. A be sutronA vyavasthita abhyAsa vinA jaina AgamanuM sAcuM rahasya jANI zakAtuM nathI. A pramANe vartamAna 45 Agamane abhyAsa karavAno adhikAra te te AgamanA yogohana karanAra pUjya muni bhagavaMtone che. pUjya sAvIjI mahArAje paNa gahana karI AmAMnAM keTalAMka Agamana abhyAsa karI zake che. zrAvaka-zrAvikAo gurumukhethI sAMbhaLI te te AgamonA artha jANI zake che paNa teone mATe yogaThahananuM vidhAna na hevAthI teo jAte abhyAsa karI zake nahIM. A AgamonAM 1 mULa sUtro, 2 tenI niyuktio, 3 bhALyo, 4 cUNio ane 5 TIkAo-vRttio avacUri - ema darekanAM pAMca aMge che te paMcAMgI tarIke suprasiddha che ane te dareka pramANabhUta gaNAya che. anya jaina sAhitya Agama sAhityanA AdhAre pUrvanA mahApuruSee jIvonuM ekAMta hita karavAnI bhAvanAthI prerAI saMskRta-prAkRta Adi bhASAomAM lAkho-karaDe laeNpramANu dravyAnuyega, gaNitAnuyega, caritAnuyoga ane caraNakaraNanugarUpe aneka prakAranA sAhityanI racanA karI che.

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jaina sAhitya samAroha abhyAsanI daSTie vicArIe to (4) paMca pratikramaNa, jIvavicAra Adi cAra prakaraNa, traNa bhASya, prAcIna tathA navya karmagraMtha, paMcasaMgraha, kama pravRtti, tattvArtha sUtra bRhata saMgrahaNI. kSetrasamAsa, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, saptatikA bhASya vagere tAttvika prakaraNe. () laghu hemaprakriyA, siddhahema laghutti-bahavRtti vagere jaina vyAkaraNe. () syAdvAdamaMjarI, anekAMta jayapatAkA, ratnAvatArakA, SaDU darzana samuccaya, syAdvAdaranAkara, yAda rahasya, samRtitarka, dvAdazA ratnacakra vagere jaina nyAyagraMthe. () vAmbhaTTAlaMkAra, kAvyAnuzAsana, nATyadarpaNa vagere sAhityazAstranA jaina graMthe. (3) triSaSTizalAkApurUSacaritra, prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi, prabaMdha, paTTAvalI vagere jaina itihAsanA graMthe. () jJAnasAra, adhyayanasAra, prazamarati, saMvegaragazALA, upadezaprAsAda upadezaranAkara, upadezamALA, samyakatva saptatikA, sUktamuktAvalI vagere jaina upadezanA graMthe. () zrAddhavidhi, dharmasaMgraha, dharmaratnaprakaraNa, vidhimArgaprapA, vicArasAraprakaraNa, upadezapada, paMcAzaka, pravacanaparIkSA, dharmaparIkSA, adhyAtmamata parIkSA, paMcavastu, upadeza rahasya, pratimAzataka, zaka, vIzIo, batrIzIo vagere jaina vicAraNAnA graMtho. () harasaubhAgya, dvayAzraya, zAMtinAtha mahAkAvya, pArzvanAtha mahAkAvya, pAMDavacaritra mahAkAvya vagere padyakAvyo, kuvalayamALA, tilakamaMjarI, upamiti bhava prapaMcA, vairAgya kalpalatA vagere jenA gadyakAvyo.

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zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya (3) prAkRtapraveza, prAkRta vyAkaraNa vagere prAkRta vyAkaraNA. (hU~) vijayaca kevalI cariya, paumacariya, sura-su MdarI cariya, vasudevahiMDI, samarAcca kahA, caupanna mahApurisariya` vagere prAkRta jaina kAvyA. (6) satya harizcaMdra, mudrita kumudacaMdra nalavilAsa vagere jaina nATaktra thA. 245 (E) zrI vItarAgastAtra, mahAdevastAtra, siddhasenakRta dvAtri zikA, zAlana stuti ceAvIzI, andra stuti ceAvIzI, dhanapAlakRta RSabhapaMcAzikA vagere jaina stutivra theA. (o) chadAnuzAsana vagere chaMdazAstranA graMtho, (au) pratimAlekha saMgraha, prAcIna lekhasaMgraha vagere jaina saMzAdhananA graMthe. (stra) vividha tItha kalpA vagere, tIrthAMnI mahattA ane mahattvanAM sthaLa darzAvanArA graMthe. (:) ahunnIti vagere jaina rAjyanaitika graMthA. () vAstuzAstra, prAsAdama'Dana vagere, jaina zilpanA thA. (va) lagnazuddhi, dinazuddhi, yeAtiSkara*Daka, Ara'siddhi vagere jaina jyeAtiSanA graMthA (T) dhvajada'Da, pratiSThAvidhAna, adabhiSeka, ahaM pUjana, siddhacakrapUjana, zAMtisnAtra, aSTottarI snAtra vagere jaina vidhividhAnanA graMthA. (1) ahuMcUDAmaNi, aSTAMga nimitta, aMgavidyA vagere jaina nimittazAstranA graMthA,

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jaina sAhitya samAreha (4) padmAvatI kalpa, cakrezvarI kalpa sUrimAtra kalpa, uvasaggahara kalpa, namiSNu kalpe vagere judA judA maMtrakalpanA jaina graMthe|. (6) svarazAstra, svapnazAstra, sAmudrikazAstra, viveka-vilAsa, bhadrabAhusahitA vagere judAM judAM vijJAnanA grantheA. 246 (cha) yogazAstra, yogadaSTi samuccaya, dhyAnazataka, jJAnAva, yegazataka vagere jaina yAganA graMthA. " (1) abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi, dhanaMjaya nAmamALA, dezI nAmamALA, abhidhAna rAjendra vagere jaina zabdakoza temaja anekAnta ratnamaMjUSA ( jemAM aSTalakSAthI mAMrAnA neNa te saujyanA 8 lAkha aM Apela che ), zatAvIthI ( jemAM yogazAstranA prathama leAka ( name durvAnAvi TekanA ekaseA cAra artha karyAM che ), vagere zabdacamatkRtinA graMthA. (jJa) jaina zailIne anusaratA sa'gItazAstra, jaina vaidaka, jaina AhAravidhi, bhakSyAbhakSyaviveka, caitanyavijJAna, kavijJAna, samAjazAstra, arthazAstra, mAnavazAstra, nItizAstra, Adi graMthA. A rIte dareka prakAranI judI judI ye|gyatAvALA AtmAe judA judA prakArane abhyAsa karI zake te mATenu` vipula jaina sAhitya pUrvenA mahApuruSAe racela che. gujarAtI Adi dezI bhASAomAM paNa judA judA rAsAe, 125-150-350 gAthAnAM stavane, dravya-guNa-paryAyane rAsa, stavana-sajhAyanA DhALiyAe, stavana-ceAvIzIe, caityavaMdana cAvIzI, stuti cAvIzIe, stavana-vIzIe, samudra-vartuNu savAda, caityavadana stuti-stavana-sajajhAya Adi vipula sAhitya pUrvenA mahApuruSAe racela che. vartamAnamAM paNa sva. A. zrI vijayapremasUrIzvarajI mahArAja

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zrI jinAgama ane jaina sAhitya rane zrInI preraNAthI temanA ziSya-praziSyAdie lAkho lokapramANa karmaviSayaka jaina sAhitya saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAmAM nirmANa karela che. uparokta vividhaviSayaka graMthanA abhyAsa mATe vyavasthita yojanA karavAmAM Ave ane temAM rasa lenAra vidyAthIonI parIkSA laI ucca prakAranAM inAma ane pramANapatro ApavAmAM Ave, te te graMthanA vyavasthita abhyAsa mATe kendro UbhAM karavAmAM Ave, to pUrvenA mahApuruSoe racela bhinna bhinna vidyAnAM judAM judAM zAstrono abhyAsa cAlu thavAthI te te viSayanA jANakAra puruSa saMghane maLI raheze. sAttvika dhArmika jIvananA ghaDatara mATe catuvidha saMdha mATe kalikAlasarvajJa A. zrI hemacaMdrasUri ma.nA gazAstranuM adhyayana vizeSa upakArI che. samagra saMghamAM pAThyapustaka tarIke banI zake tevI tenI yogyatA che. zrI kumArapALa mahArAja darAja e zAtheno svAdhyAya karIne ja dAtaNa karatA hatA. A graMthanuM paThana-pAThana bhaviSyamAM cAlu raheze te jaina zailI anusAra navAM vivecana, spaSTIkaraNa ane saMzodhane umerAze ane ApaNI A upakAraka prAcIna vidyA cirakALa jIvaMta raheze. ApaNI pAse hajAro varSothI pUrvAcAryoe racelAM jJAnanAM lAkho pustaka vidyAmAna che, te Aja sudhI sacavAI paNa rahyAM che. e paNa ApaNuM mahAna sadbhAgya che. pUrvakALanI apekSAe te pramANamAM ochuM haze to paNa A yuganA ApaNA jevA AtmAo mATe to te paNa vipula pramANamAM che tema kahI zakAya. vizvanuM kalyANa karanAra e aNamola dhana che. sadabhAgye sArI rIte adhyayana karI zake tevA zaktisaMpanna tejasvI suyogya

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248 jaina sAhitya samArAha AtmAe paNu Aje jaina saghamAM vidyamAna che. Aje adhyayana cAle paNa che. zrI yazeAvijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazALA-mahesANA te aMge AMzika kArya karI rahela che. paraMtu temAM vadhAre vega lAvI tene pharIthI vadhu sajIvana karavAnI khAsa jarUra che. gItA puruSAnI salAha anusAra tene yeAgya rIte cAlu karavAmAM Ave tA mAnavajagata upara atyaMta upakAra thAya tema che, zaktisaMpanna AtmA ceAgya prayatna kare e ja abhya`nA.

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saurASTranI grAma prajAnAM leAkagItAmAM jaina tI karo DaoN. harilAla goddAnI 1. mahuvA tAlukAnI paTela keAmanuM eka leAkagIta ( prabhAtiyuM ) : sarI1 parabhAte sarI prabhune samarIye re, lejo lejo. cAre devanAM nAma, hira name name nArAyaNu . UgamaNethI suraja daivane AthamaNAM che. dvArakezanA rAja, samarIye OM, hari tame nameA nArAyaNu re. AtarAdAthI Adasarane samarIye 2, dakhaNAdA che dariyAdevanA rAja, hira name name nArAyaNu re. kaDhAvya tathA AkhAye vALAka paMthakanI paTela krAmanAM lagnagItAmAM A prabhAtiyuM sau prathama gavAya che. temAM bhagavAna AdIzvaradAdAnuM smaraNa karavAmAM Ave che. 2. jUnAgaDha paMthakanA AhIra tathA khAMTa kAmanA lAkagItamAM khAvI. samA tIrthaMkara neminAtha bhagavAnane sAMkaLI levAmAM AvyA che. rAsa-gIta ujaLa vanamAM te derA caNAvajo re lAla, derA DuMgaranI dhAre cAvajo re leAla; 1 sarIzrI

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250 jaina sAhitya samAroha derA pharatI te kAMgarI mukAvaje re lola, kare kiyA kiyA deva padharAvajo re lola; dere nemi te nAthane padharAvo re lola, dere rUpaiyAnI choLyuM uDADajo re lola, dere lIlA te piTa uDADajo re lola. 3. mahuvA, bhAvanagara, saratAnapura vagere baMdaronI khAravA kAmanA majUrInA khAsa prakAranA haMbelamAM nIcenuM haMbala gIta gavAya che. temAM bhagavAna RSabhadevanuM smaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. hAlIyA mAle dhumasA dhumasA re dhumasA, hAlIyA mAle dhumasA, kenA te vANu se, hAlIyA bhAle dhumasA, jagatasAnA vANa se, hAlIyA mAle dhumasA, kene te mAla se, hAlIyA bhAle dhumasA, Adesarane mAla se, hAlIyA mAle dhumasa,. uparokta traNeya lokagItamAM ane bIjA keTalAMka lokagItamAM jaina tIrthakaronAM nAmo saMkaLAyelAM hoya che. A uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke saurASTranI jainetara sAmAnya grAma janatAne jaina dharma tarapha Adara che. 2 vANu se = vahANa che.

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jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara nemacaMda ema. gAlA IsavI sana pUrve 800 thI 200 varSanA samayagALA daramiyAna, vizva vicAradhArAe abhinava vaLAMka lIdhe ane mAnavInuM ciMtana. sRSTinA abhyAsa ane khejathI kaMTAI jagata, jIva ane AtmAnA anveSaNa pratye kendrita thayuM. vizvatine dharI badalI. A samayagALAmAM samasta mAnavajAte pitAnAM uttama lakSaNe. sarvoca DeTie pragaTa karyA. tattvajJAna, kalA, saMgIta, zilpa, citrakaLA. vagerenA vikAsa mATe A suvarNakALa hato. A samaya tatvaciMtana, sAmAjika punarutthAna tathA bauddhika saMkramaNakALa jevo hato. bhAratamAM mahAvIra tathA buddha, irAnamAM jarathosa, grIsamAM pAyathAgorasa, sekreTisa ane leTa, cInamAM lAose. ane kanphayuziyasa vagere ciMtakoe mAnavInA AdhyAtmika vikAsane kendramAM rAkhI potapotAnI AgavI vicAradhArAe prasthApita karI. daraka ciMtanadhArAnA pravAha ekameka para temaja saMskRti para. AgavA asara pADe che. kayAreka samarasa thaI jAya che, kyAreka sthAyI chApa mUkI jAya che. IsavI sana pUrve janasamudAya vepAra athe gaMgAnI madhya khINanA pradezamAMthI mathurA ane ujajaina thaI sthaLAMtara karatAM karatAM pUrvamAM ane kALakrame dakSiNamAM aIhelA, tyAMthI karNATaka (zravaNa belagADA) ane tamiLa pradezamAM vasyo, ane e rIte vidika tathA jaina dharmane phelAvo thayo. zrutakevaLI bhadrabAhunI sAthe jainene saha zravaNa belagADa: AvIne.

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jaina sAhitya samAroha vasya-sthira thaye. jenA keTalAka samUhe karNATakamAMthI kegu pradeza (sAlema, IroDa ane koimbaturane vistAra), pazcimamAM kAverIpaTamAM tirucirApalalI ane dakSiNamAM paDakeTAI vistAra (sattAnAvasala) ane pAMDaya rAjyanA madurAI, rAmacaMdrapura ane tirunelavelI jillA-omAM vasavATa karyo. A vistAromAM pahADa ane DuMgarALa pradezamAM guphAo ane ketaramAM jaina sAdhu-sAdhavIoe vihAra-nivAsa karyo -jene samarthana ApatAM AlekhAyelAM I. sa. pUrve trIjIthI bIjI sadInAM brAhmI lipimAMnAM zilAlekho ane lakhAze A pahADo ane -guphAomAM jovA maLe che. AvAM sthaLAnI najIka jaina maMdiranAM khaMDiyere tathA avazeSo paNa jovA maLe che. saMlekhaNa-anazana karI kALadharma pAmanAra muni. onAM nAmanI yAdI paNa kotarAyelI jovA maLe che. I. sa. pUrvenI chaThThIthI bIjI sadI daramiyAnanAM zilAlekhe, - tAmrapatra, accAcalura, alagAramalAI, anAImalAI, kagAra pulI- amagulama, sIttAnAvAsala, tirunAthakunarU, tirupuranakunarama, pagalura, maMgulam, avIAramalAI, tirucirApallI, kuraMgalakudI, astipasI vagere sthaLoe jovA maLe che. jaina maMdironAM avazeSe tathA zi9pasthApatya dakSiNa tathA uttara - ArakeTa jile, tirucirApalI, puDulakeTAI, madurAI ane tirunelavilI jillAmAM vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe che. jaina paraMparA ane jaina sAhityanI sAthesAtha tamiLa sAhityane vikAsa thayo che. jaina kavio ane vidvAnoe pitAnAM AgavAM pradAnathI tamiLa sAhityane samRddha ane vistRta karyuM che ane gaurava- vaMtuM sthAna bhogavyuM che. tamiLa sAhityane vikAsa jainene AbhArI che. jaina kavio ane vidvAnee sAhityanA utkarSa ane utthAnamAM

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25. jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara noMdhAvela phALo ananya ane amUlya che. kahevAya che ke ATha hajAra jene e dareke ekaeka cA racI.. ane ATha hajAra RcAonI vikhyAta kRti "naladIyAra racAI, jenI Aje mAtra cAraso racAo upalabdha che. tamiLa vyAkaraNa ane zabdakozanI racanA jenee karI. avI-- yAra nAmanAM kavayitrI khUba lokapriya hatAM. teo jaina sAdhvI hatAM, jemaNe jainadarzana vize padyamAM graMtha race ane vairAgya, karmavAda, vItarAgatA, nilepatA vagere viSayenI UMDI chaNAvaTa karI che. pAMca mahAkAvyaH AImaperUma kapIengala-maNimekhalAI, ziyAdhikArama'. "valapathI', ciMtAmaNi, ane "kuMDalakezana" e. pAMca mahAkAvyamAMthI traNanA racayitA jaina hatA. sauthI prAcIna nI ghaTu "divAkarama' (zabdakoza) jaina kRti che. saMskRta ane tamiLanA vidvAna amItasAgara jaina hatA. emaNe tamiLa zabdonA vyAkaraNa karIkakAInI racanA karI. prakhara ane prasiddha vidvAna zrI kuMdakuMda AcArya karNATakamAM janmelA. emaNe prAkRta bhASAmAM prasiddha graMtha "samayasAra'nI racanA karI hatI. "samayasAra' graMthanI kannaDa AvRtti tAjetaramAM ja karNA. TakanA digaMbara jaina TrasTa prakAzita karI che. A TrasTa AcAryazrInI. AtmakathAnA prakAzana mATe paNa pravRtta che. prabhAvaka jaina sAdhvIo prabhAvaka jaina sAdhavIoe potAnAM tapa ane vidvattAthI ane bedha-upadeza dvArA samAja para pracaMDa prabhAva pADyo. emaNe gRhastha dharmane bedha Ape ane sAdA saMyamI jIvana temaja sadAcAra tarapha lokone vAnyA.

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jaina sAhitya samA rAha uparAMta zaiva ane vaiSNava bhajana-prArthanAmAMthI paNa tamiLa mAM jaineAnAM jIvana ane kavana vize nirdezA maLI rahe che. 254 . saMtakavionI paraparAe bhAratanI sarvocca ane AgavI paraMparA che. saMteAnI vANInI asara bhArata para gherI, sthAyI ane ciraMjIva rahI che. bhArata bahAra AvI para parAnI najIka AvI zake evI mAtra sUphI saMtenI paraparA che. sUphI saMte upadezake athavA zikSaka hatA. jijJAsune tathA ziSyAne kerI rIte vidyAdAna ApavuM te emane! rahasyamaMtra hatA. teonI mAnyatA hatI ke Talk to every man according to his level of understanding. ziSyA sAthe emanAM stara para UbhA rahI enI bhASAmAM emanI samaja pramANe vAta kare. saMta ane bhakta kavi kamIra paNa saMta tiruvalluvaranI jema vyavasAye vaNakara hatA. saMta tiruvalluvara bAda sadI pachI kabIre paNa sarvadharma samabhAvanI vAta karI. kheu saMtakavie sAMpradAyikatAthI para hatA. emaNe kAI patha na sthApyA ke na anusaryo, paNa meue mAnavInA utkarSa mATeteA patha cIye. jaina darzananA siddhAMtA ane paraparAnA udaya thaI jyAre zatadale pAMkhaDIe phelAvI pUrA praphullana sAthe vistarI rahyAM hatAM tyAre e pArzvabhUminA vAtAvaraNamAM saMbhavataH Isu pahelAMnI prathama sadImAM saMtakavi tiruvalluvare janma dhAraNa karyAM. Isu pahelAMnI prathama sadI ane Isu pachItI prathama sadInI vacce emaneA jIvanakALa patharAyelA che. saMta tiruvalluvare 'kuraLa' nAmane adbhuta graMtha raceA hateA. prathama ke bIjI sadImAM racAyelAM tamiLanAM be mahAkAvye ziSmAdhikAramU' ane 'maNimekhalAimA 'kuraLa'nI pa'cAvanamI RcAnA ava taraNa tarIke levAmAM AvyAM che.

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jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara tiruvalluvara vize AdhArabhUta mAhitI khUba pAMkhI che. emane janma hAlanA madrAsanA pAmelApuramAM thayuM hatuM. eka mAnyatA evI paNa che ke temane janma madurAmAM thayela. madurA te samaye pAMDonI rAjadhAnI hatI. tiruvalluvara nAma itihAsathI taddana ajANyuM che. e zabdane artha "valuvA jJAtine bhakta' e thAya che. tiruvalluvara gRhasthAzramI hatA. saMta kabIra ane saMta tiruvaluvara beunAM gRhasthajIvana Adarza koTinAM hatAM. paraspara pati-patnI vacce adbhuta sAyujya ane akhaMDa vizvAsa hatAM. kabIranI jema tiruvaluvaranA jIvananI, temanA dAMpatyanI adbhuta ghaTanAo daMtakathA samI kapriya ane lokajIbhe vaselI che. joke haze haze enI vAta karatAM thAkatAM nathI. saMtakavie dAMpatyajIvanamAM gRhasthI ane kuTuMbajIvanamAM prema ane zraddhAne savizeSa mahattva ApyuM che. kendramAM rahelI premanI vibhAvanAne vistArI kavi kSitijanA parigha sudhI laI gayA. laukika ne alokika stara para mUkI dIdhuM. "kuraLa'nI RcAo tamiLamAM narasiMha mahetAnAM prabhAtiyAMnI jema gavAya che. tiruvalluvara jaina hatA ane arihaMtanA upAsaka hatA evI dRDha mAnyatA amuka vargamAM pravarte che. Aja divasa sudhI tiruvaluvara eTalA lokapriya che ke dareka paMthavALA dA kare che ke tiruvalluvara pitAnA paMthanA hatA...! kuLamAM jeno siddhAMtonuM sakSama ane vyApaka pratipAdana saMtakavie ApyuM che jethI paNa teo jaina hovAnI mAnyatAne puSTi maLe che.

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256 jaina sAhitya samArAha kuLa kuraLa zabdaneA atha thAya che je nAnuM hAya te". tamiLa piMgaLamAM ane artha thAya che chaMda' athavA 'nAnuM svarUpa.' kuraLa e chaMdanuM nAma che ema kahI zakAya. emAM be paMktionI eka RcA hAya che. eka RcAmAM eka bhAvanA dhruvicAra paryApta DhAya che. bahudhA mArmika kathanarUpe-khUba sa kSepamAM tattva ke prajJAnI vAta mArmika rIte kahevA mATe A mAdhyama khUba anukULa che. saMtakavie peAtAnI AgavI pratibhAthI, bhASAnA anupama lAlityayI ane prANavAna zailIthI 'kuraLa'ne miLa sAhitya ja naMhIM paNa anya prAcIna sAhityamAM paNa Tocane sthAne mUkI dIdhuM che. eka zabdamAM kahIe tA A RcA 'RjugaravI' che. tamiLa prajAe 'valluvara'nI AgaLa 'tiru' lagADI potAne Adara vyakta karyo che. ane kuraLa 'tirukuraLa' tarIke oLakhAya che. tamiLa veda' tarIke te AvakAra ane Adara pAmyuM che. tirukuraLamAM kula 1330 RcAe che. 10 yAeAnA samUhanuM eka prakaraNu evAM 130 prakaraNA che, jenA traNa vibhAge pADavAmAM AvyA che. prathama : sadAcAra-guNadharma ke dharmo, khIjo H soMpatti athavA artha, trIjo prema athavA kAma. jaina darzanamAMnI maitrI, karuNA, muphtiA ane upekSAnI bhAvanAAne khUba ja suMdara rIte emaNe vaNI lIdhI che, emaNe AvI bhavya kRtine paNu AI zIka nathI ApyuM. zIrSaka ApavAthI viSaya nizcita ane sImAbaddha thaI jAya che. DAI kavitAne mAtra 'kAvya' eTaluM ja zAka ApIe teA badhA sImADA bhU'sAI, sImAhIna-anaMta tattva AvI jAya che. are, tA tA emAM

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257 jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara AkhuM bahmAMDa samAI jAya..! ane saMtakavie paNa A ja puruSArtha karyo che. saMtakavi mAtra jaina darzanathI paricita ane prabhAvita hatA, eTaluM ja nahi paNa emaNe veda ane bauddha darzanane paNa abhyAsa karyo hato. grIsanA dArzanikenI vicAradhArAo tathA prAcIna rAmanI philasUphIono kavine sAro paricaya ane abhyAsa hato. kuraLa" e nItizAstrane vyavahAru graMtha mAtra nathI. saMtakavi vaNakara hatA ane vaNATane kasaba apanAvI zAzvata siddhAMto tathA vyavahAru sadAcAranA aNuvANAne adaSTa rIte vaNuM eka kumAzabharyuM nayanaramya tathA upayogI tattava, kApaDa taiyAra karyuM che, je Aje paNa eTaluM ja yathArtha (Relevant), upagI , sakSama ane upakAraka nIvaDe ema che. ane samayanI kasoTImAMthI pAra UtaryuM che. "kuraLanA prathama prakaraNamAM Izvarane mahimA che paNa jenadarzananI jema ja saMta Izvarane vyaktivizeSa ke Personalized God tarIke nathI varNavatA...emaNe prAjJa puruSa, aditIya guNenA sAgaranA maharSi, jitendrIya, paramatatva vagere saMbodhanathI u9lekha karyo che. keraLane ughADa ke adbhuta che. prathama RcA che : "a" nAdasRSTinuM prasthAnabiMdu cheH e pramANe purANa puruSa carAcaranuM AraMbhabindu che. tamAma prasthAna "a"thI thAya che. eka khUbInI vAta e che ke jagatanI tamAma bhASAonA mULAkSaromAM prathama akSara "a" che. pachI aMgrejIne "e" hoya ke urdune "alIpha hoya ! A prakaraNamAM janmamaraNanA pherAnA aMta mATe bhaktibhAve paramAtmAnuM zaraNa levAnuM paNa kavi nideze che. 17

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jaina sAhitya samAroha prakaraNa traNamAM tyAgInA mahimA gAya che. indriyanigraha ane sa`yamI jIvana para bhAra mUkayo che. 258 niyama ane niyamananuM acUka pAlana ja jhuniyAdI tAlIma che. saMyama saheja banI svabhAva banI javA joIe, e jIvananI rIti thaI javI joIe, e ja vAta emaNe judA svarUpe emAM samajAvI che. prakaraNa cAramAM. mahAvIranAM vayanA prasthApita che. mahAvIre kahyuM ke samaya bahu alpa che. huM gautama ! kSaNamAtraneA pramAda na kara.' saMtakavie lakhyuM che, 'eka kSaNu paNa nakAmI na javA detAM tame jIvanabhara satkRtyA karatAM raheA te janma-maraNanA pherAmAMthI mukta thavAnA mArga para tamArI gati thAya che.' pAMcamA prakaraNamAM gRhasthajIvanane! mahimA gAyo che. caturvidha jaina saMghamAM zrAvaka ane zrAvikAnI saMsthAne jaina darzana ane para parAe svIkArI che. mahAvIre enI racanA karI sa Mghane sughaTita svarUpa ApyuM. kavie dharmoMmaya gRhasthajIvananI kalpanA upasAvI che. temaNe atyaMta sAhajikatAthI lakhyuM che : bIja peAtAnAM vratAnuM pAlana karI zake te mATe je madadarUpa thAya che ane dharmAnusAra jIvana jIve che evA gRhasthane mahimA kare.. anazana ane prArthanAmAM jIvana vyatIta karanAra karatAMye te mahAna sata che.' kavi vakhe che : 'jemane bALA nathI ane jemaNe bALakAnI navata vANInA dhvani sAMbhaLyA nathI tee ja vAMsaLI ane vINAnA madhura saMgItanI vAtA kare che.' saMtakavie gRhasthajIvanane sAdhanA ane tapanI kreTimAM mUkI dIdhuM che. atithidharma svAbhAvika rIte ja gRhasthAzramanI sauthI pavitra pharaja banI rahe che.

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jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara 25Ta jenA jinapadezamAM atithi vibhAgavata prAdhavAmAM AvyuM che. saMvibhAga eTale sarakhI rIte vibhAgapUrvaka atithine ApavuM ane pachI pitAnA mATe rAkhavuM. - navamA prakaraNamAM atithidharma vize saMtakavi kahe che? atithine prathama jamADI zeSa rahelAMne AhAra kare evA manuSyano mahimA che. Akhara mANasa zA mATe parizrama kare che ? ane gRhasthAzramI bane che? ati thione jamADavA ane yAtrALuone Azraya Apavo. vaibhavanI choLo vacce vAtrALune Adara-satkAra na karavo e ja kharI nirdhanatA ane mUrkhAI che.' satya-Ultimate ke Absolute Truth-paramatatvane tamAma tattvaciMtakee svIkAryuM che, ane enI sAdhanA, kheja ane sAkSAtkAra mATenI prakriyAo potapotAnI rIte nirdeza che. tamAma dharmadhArAoe paNa parama cenanA AviSkAra ke AtmajJAna aMtima lakSya ane muktinI avasthA tarIke varNavyuM che. satyane ghaNuM daravAjA che. je sAdhaka je daravAjo khakhaDAve tene tyAMthI javAba maLI rahe che. satyanI imAratane mAtra daravAjAo ja che, dIvAla nathI. saMtakavie kahyuM cheH "vizvamAM satyathI caDiyAtuM bIjuM kazuM ja nathI ane mAnavadeha prApta thayA pachI je satyane sAkSAtkAra na thAya to A ratanaciMtAmaNi janmane zuM artha ?" jene zAstranA caturaMgIya sUtramAM A ja vAta jovA maLe che. saMsAramAM prANImAtrane cAra uttama aMge maLavAM ghaNuM durlabha che. eka manuSyapaNuM-manuSyane avatAra, bIju zruti-sArAM vacananuM zravaNa, trIjuM te sArAM vacanAmAM zraddhA thavI, ane cothuM thayelI zraddhA anusAra saMyamanI pravRttimAM puruSArtha kara, zaktine upayaga karavo." vyAvahArika ane laukika stare satya vize saMtakavi kahe che keH

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260 jaina sAhitya samAroha tapasvI ane dAtA karatAM paNa jenA hRdayamAM satyanI niSThA che te mahAna che. hRdayazuddhi satyaniSThAthI siddha thAya che." "ane je manuSya kayAreya asatya na bole te anya sadaguNe enA mATe niprayojana che !" khUba mArmika rIte saMte beu cheDAnI vAta kahI che.virodhAbhAsI chatAM keTalI saMvAdI ! ahiMsA : saMtakavie "kuraLamAM jaina darzananI sakSama ane ane vyApaka ahiMsAnI prANapratiSThA karI che, ema kahI zakAya. hiMsaka mAnavI bhayabhIta hoya che. parigrahavRtti ane lAlasA binasalAmatInI bhAvanAmAMthI janme che ane parigrahamAMthI bhaya utpanna thAya che. ahiMsaka mAnavI ja nirbhika heI zake jena dharmanI AdhArazilA ahiMsA che. jenenI ahiMsAnI bhAvanAne- mahAvratane saMtakavie yathArtha rUpe vAcA ApI che. - satya sauthI caDiyAtuM che, ema kavie kahyA bAda pharI kavi ajoDa saguNa ahiMsA che. satyanuM sthAna paNa ahiMsA pachI ja Ave che. ahiMsA satama guNa che. tamAma pApanI vaNajAra hiMsAnI sAthe AraMbhAya che. samAtisUkSma jIvane paNa ugAravAne vicAra prere tene sanmAga kahevo. ahiMsAvratanI pratijJA karanArane mahimA kare.' jaina zAstranA ahiMsA satramAM lakhyuM che: "matimAna manuSya tamAma prakAranI yutiothI vicArIne, ane tamAma prANIone duHkha gamatuM nathI e hakIkatane pitAnA jAta-anubhavathI samajIne kaI paNuM prANInI hiMsA na karavI." saMtakavie A ja vAta kahI che: * prANu sarvane priya che eTale pitAnA prANane bacAvavA mATe anya jIvone prANa harI na letAM."

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ra1 jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvallutara zrImad rAjacaMdra gAMdhIjInA eka praznanA javAbamAM paNa A ja vAta kahI che. tapasvI mahAvIre sADAbAra varSa dIrdha tapa karyuM. aneka pariSahe sahyAM, paNa koI jIvamAtranI paNa hiMsA karI nahi, ane samatAbhAve vidanA veThI. mahAvIranA jIvananI A apUrva ghaTanAne saMtakavie sIdhI "kuraLa'mAM utArI che. saMtakavi kahe che : "yAtanAone dhIrajapUrva sahana karavI ane jIvahiMsA na karavI emAM samagra tapane samAveza thaI jAya che.' " yajJa mATe hiMsA karI AzIrvAda prApta karanArane saMte sakhata virodha karyo che. AvA AzIrvAda dhRNAspada lekhAvyA che. De. AbarTa svAIzkare jene jIvana pratye Adara-Reverence to Life kahyo che, enuM ja pratipAdana karatAM kavi kahe che ke, "je hiMsAthI DarIne cAle che ane jIvanane Adara kare che te zreSTha che.' nirAmiSa AhAra: hiMsaka ane dayAhIna vRtti vagara mAMsAhAra saMbhavI zakatA nathI. kavie kahyuM che ke "hiMsA karI jIvanAra leke zabanuM mAMsa khAnAra jevA che. te tagaDo thavA je anyanuM mAMsa khAto hoya, te dayAnI lAgaNI kevI rIte anubhave ? mAMsAhArInA hRdayamAM dayA jovA maLatI nathI. mAMsAhAra mATe pazuonI hatyA karavI e niSpharatA ja che.' tapa: jemaNe potAnI vRttio ane kaSAyo para vijaya meLavyo te jina kahevAyA. pitAnAmAM rahelA zatru para vijaya prApta karyo te arihaMta kahevAyA. saMtakavie e ja saMjJAmAM kahyuM che ke pitAnA para prabhutva meLavanArane sau pUje che.'

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jaina sAhitya samArAha tapa dvArA zakti hAMsala karanAra, mRtyu para paNa vijayI thAya che. tamAma zatruone haNavAnI zakti tapamAM ja rahelI che. tapazcaryA karanAra ja Atmahita sAdhe che. 162 sayama : paDitasUtramAM lakhyuM cheH 'je mAjIsa bhalene mahine lAkhA gAyAnuM dAna kare, tenA karatAM ya je mANasa kazuMya dAna nathI karatA paNa peAtAnI jAtane sayamamAM rAkhe che te ja kASTha che.' satakavie lakhyuM che : AtmasaMyama svanuM dvAra che. pazu aniyatrita vAsanA anaMta adhakAra mATeneA rAjamA che. AtmasayamanI khajAnAnI jema ja rakSA kara! : A jIvanamAM ethI caDiyAtI sa'patti khIjI eke ya nathI, vAsanA para vijaya meLavanAranI pratibhA pahADa karatAM paNa mahAna che.' indriyanigraha, vRttinseipa, kAma, krodha, lAbha vagere kAyAnuM upazamana ane kSaya vagere tathyA paNa sa'takavie AlekhyAM che. tyAga, saMsAranI asAratA, karmabdhana, parigraha vize kavi kahe che, aparigraha vrata ja kharuM vrata che. eka paNa vastune parigraha pharIthI tene jALamAM phasAvI de che. niHsaMga banI jA, sarva satraparityAgathI ja apAra AnaMda maLe che. janma-maraNanA pherAte! aMta lAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM heAya tee mATe deha paNa bhArarUpa banI jAya che. teA pachI khIjAtA keTalAM baMdhane che? je kSaNe AsaktinA lApa thAya che te ja kSaNe janmamaraNanuM cakra thabhI naya che.' A kSudra zarIramAM Azraya levAnI AtmA zA mATe IcchA karatA haze ? zuM ane peAtAnA zAzvata nivAsa nahi haiAya?' cheluM kathana khUba agaMbhIra ane mArmika che. mAnavIya puruSAtha : jaina dana puruSAvAdI che. saMtakavie lakhyuM che : A azakaya che' ema kahI kAI kAmathI pAchAM hatAM

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263 jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara nahIM. deva viruddha hoya to paNa tene zaraNe gayA vinA udyamI manuSya niraMtara puruSArtha kare che. (prArabdhanA puruSArtha dvArA pratikAranI bhAvanA che. ) dAna, parakArya-tatparatA, udAratA, paropakAra, kRtajJatA, RNasvIkAra vagerene mahimA saMtakavie khUba gAya che. kavi kahe che: sajajana puruSoe sva-parizramathI ekatra karelI saMpatti parajanahitAya ja hoya che. ane chelle emaNe, saMkaTamAM paNa khUba haso evI amUlya salAha uccArI che. aMtamAM saMtakavie nirvikalpa avasthAnI chevaTanI vAta paNa kahI che. kuLane bIjo khaMDa - vibhAga "saMpatti' arthAta arthane lagatA che, jemAM mukhyatve rAjyakArabhArane prAdhAnya ApyuM che. uparAMta vidyA, zikSaNa pratye anugraha, zANA mANasane saMga, samajaNa, sajajananI maitrI, samaya pArakhIne AcaraNa, saMkaTa samaye hiMmata, AcArazuddhi, daDha saMka9pazakti, vakatRtvazakti, maitrIgya mitro, jugAra, madirApAna, vezyAgamana, durAcAra, kulInatA, yegyatA, mahattA, sanmArge vaparAtuM dhana, kuTuMbanI unnati, vagere viSayo ane nItiniyamonA anuzIlananI vizada samajaNa ApI che. khetI vize kavi kahe che ke, "khetI e ja mukhya udyoga che. kheDUta samAjanI dharI rUpa che ane dharatIne kheDanAra ja sAcuM jIvana jIve che. bIjA te ene anusare che ane ziyALe roTale khAya che. kRSikAra hAtha joDI besI raheze te anAsaktoe paNa sahana karavuM paDaze.' rAjyakArabhAra ane rAjakAraNamAM rAjavIonA guNa, yuddha mATe sthAna-parIkSA, vyuharacanA, vizvAsa ane kALanI kasoTI, nyAyI

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264 jaina sAhitya samAroha sarakAra, prajAnuM hita, guptacara sevA, sacive, kAryapaddhati, rAjadUta, rAjavI sAthenuM vartana, sainya, kilAe, vyApti, yohAnuM gaurava, zatrunAM lakSaNo, enuM mApa kADhavuM, gharabheda, vagere viSayanI chaNAvaTa karI nyAyapUrNa ane nItipUrNa bodha Apyo che. A bedha vyAvahArika chatAM nItinA bhege ke sagavaDiyo nathI paNa kavie vicakSaNa ane kuzAgra buddhithI zANapaNayukta mArgadarzana ApyuM che. "kuLane trIjo ane chelle khaMDa che. prema arthAta kAma. premIonuM prathama milana, pachI vikhUTA paDavuM, viraha-vedanA, milananI jhaMkhanA, utkaMThA, abhisAra, svapnAvasthA, pharI milana, premanuM praphulina, premakalaha, rIsAmaNu-manAmaNAM, premanuM gaurava, sAni ne AnaMda-ulAsa, premikAnuM saundarya, guphatega, saMga-viyoganI ghaTanAonuM ramaNIya najAkatasabhara, raMjaka ane AsamAnI (Romantic) varNana karyuM che. kyAMya aucityabhaMga ke maryAdAnuM ulaMghana nathI, temaja aziSTa zabdaprayoga nathI. mAtra sAvika premanuM abhinA citraNa che. samagra vicAra-maNakAomAM rezamanI dora sama parovAyelI badhAne ekasUtre bAMdhatI arthasabhara ukti kavie eka RcAmAM AlekhI che. kavi kahe che: "kSaNika padArthone zAzvata mAnI levA jevI mUrkhAI bIjI kaI nathI." saMtakavi tiruvaluvare "kuraLanA traNe khaMDamAM mAnavajIvanane sparzatAM ane mAnavajIvanane utkRSTa kema banAvI zakAya ene sparzatAM tamAma pAsAMone kuzaLatAthI AvarI lIdhA che. jIvana jIvavAnI kalAne e ane ane aNamola graMtha che. kavie vyaktimAMthI vibhUti thavAne, pAmaramAMthI parama thavAno,

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jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara tamAma baMdhanamAMthI mukta thavAne rAjamArga nirdo che. tamiLavAsIone saMtakavi pratye je Adara che tenI ApaNane kalpanA paNa AvI zake ema nathI. 1975nI AsapAsa madrAsamAM saMtakavinuM bhavya smAraka racAyuM. je "vallurakuTTI'nA nAme oLakhAya che. A smAraka kalpanAtIta, atyaMta gauravapUrNa ane bhavyAtibhavya che. bheMyataLiye cAra hajAra prekSake besI zake evuM eziyAnuM sauthI meTuM oDiToriyama che. e ja ImAratane aDoaDa eka paththarane ratha banAvyo che, kalAkArIgarIvALA. enAM paiDAM be mALa jeTalAM UMcAM che. mukhya imAratanI agAzImAMthI A rathanI derImAM pravezI zakAya che, jyAM saMtakavinI kALA paththaranI abhuta pratimAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI che. sabhAgAranI upara cotarapha mokaLAzavALI gelerI che, jemAM grenAITa paththaramAM dasa dasa kayAonuM eka prakaraNa ema 130 prakaraNe akSarazaH ketaravAmAM AvyAM che. dareka vibhAgane judA judA raMganA grenAITamAM kotaravAmAM AvyA che. sapheda, AchA lIle ane gulAbI raMgamAM AvuM bhavya smAraka bhAratamAM kaI saMta ke kavinuM racAyuM nathI. - saMta tiruvalluvare lakhele eka eka akSara paththaramAM baha ane sthAyI thaI gayo che. ArasanI eka nAnakaDI takatImAM pitAnuM nAma kotaravA mATe dAnavIra sajajana lAkhanuM dAna Ape che, jyAre saMtakavinAM eka eka zabda paththarastha che...A eka abhUtapUrva ghaTanA che. saMtakavi nI pratibhAne-prazAne ane tapazcaryAne udAtta salAmI che. mAnavImAM je sadIzvarano aMza che, tenuM gaurava che.

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jaina sAhitya samAha 'kuraLa' graMtha lagabhaga aDhArasA varSa sudhI teA tamiLamAM ja vaheMcAtA rahyo. base varSa agAu mizanarI kemTenazIasa meracIe prathama me khaDAnA leTinamAM anuvAda karyAM. reva. jI. yu. peApe temaja DaoN. greyule jana ane leTinamAM anuvAda karyAM. I. sa. 1820 thI 1886nI vacce ek.Dabalyu. elIsa, epha. eca. Dyu, I. je. rAbinsana, je. lejhArasa vageree samagra 'kuraLa'nA athavA tenI amuka RcAone anuvAda karyAM. ema. eriyala ane ema. DI. dumaste keTalAka bhAganA phrencamAM anuvAda karyAM hateA. 266 uparAMta zrI vI. vI. esa. ayyara, yAgI sudhAnaMda bhAratI, e. raMganAtha mudaliyAra, sI. rAjagApAlAcArI, jI. vanjhamInAthana ane eca. e. peplee a MgrejImAM ane sAne gurujIe marAThImAM anuvAda karyo che. 1930 mAM 'kuraLa'nI 107 prakaraNanI 1036 RcAone gujarAtI anuvAda zrI nAjIkalAla naMdalAla ceAsIe karyAM, je bhikSu akhaDAnande sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlayanA upakrame upadeza sArasagraha' nAme pragaTa karyAM. A graMthanA prathama bhAga 'tamiLa vaida' arthAt RSi tiruvalluvaranAM bedhavacatarUpe che. 1971 mAM zrI kAntilAla kAlANIe 'kuraLa'nA gujarAtImAM anuvAda karyAM je. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANu khA-gujarAta rAjye pragaTa karyAM. hamaNAM kuraLa'ne anuvAda cekAslevekiyAnI eka' bhASAmAM thaI rahyo che, ane te najIkanA bhaviSyamAM pragaTa thaze. sauMta tiruvalluvaranA jIvananI eka mArmika ane adbhuta ghaTanA che! sauMta tiruvalluvare lagna bAda pahelI ja vAra bheAjana pIrasatI

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jaina darzana ane saMta tiruvalluvara 267 patnI vAsukine thALI pAse eka pyAlAmAM pANI ane eka seAya. mUkavAnI AjJA karI, pativratA patnIe e AjJA aMta sudhI pALI.. mRtyuzayyA para paDelI patnIe atima icchA tarIke uparyukta jJAnuM rahasya jANavA mAgatAM kavie kahyuM : pIrasatI vakhate bhAtaneA ekAda dANA paDI jAya, tA sAyathI. upADI, pANIthI dhAI, upayAgamAM lai zakAya, e AzayathI pANI ane seAya mUkavAnI AjJA ApelI. paNa tArI dakSatAthI mAre enA. kadI upayega karavA na paDaco.' parama zAMti sAthe vAsukie de cheDayo. A ghaTanA saMtanA dAMpatyajIvana vize ghaNuM ghaNuM kahI naya che,. ja arasaparasa aTala vizvAsanA dRSTAMtarUpa che. kavinI bhAtanA eka dANA paNa na veDaphAya tenI takedArI, jIva hiMsA na thAya te mATe dheIne upayogamAM levAnI sajagatA batAve che ke kavie peAtAnA jIvananI eka paLa-vipaLa paNa niraka khI nahi hoya ane avirata ciMtana ane manananA paripAkarUpa 'kuraLa'" graMtha mAnavajAtane prApta thayA e mATe ApaNe sadA RNI ane anugrahIta rahIzuM. n

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jina patrakAratva : eka jhalaka guNavata a. zAha sana 1780mAM hiMdustAnanA patrakAra prathama pagaluM mAMDayuM. -megala samrATa zAha Alama ane vikhyAta nagarazeTha khuzAladAsa zAMtidAsanA samayamAM jeksa oNgasTasa pikI nAmanA aMgreje tA. ra9mI jAnyuArI, 1780nA roja zanivAre kalakattAthI eka akhabAra kADhyuM. nAma tenuM "hIkIjha baMgAla gejheTa opha dha orijinala kalakattA janarala eDavarTAIjhara." TUMkAkSarI baMgAla gejheTanA -nAmathI te Aje prasiddha che. A akhabArathI bhAratIya patrakAratvanA ItihAsane zubhAraMbha thayo. ADatrIsa varasa bAda sIrAmaparavALA De. mArzamena, De. kerI ane varDa nAmanA khristI mizanarIoe, tA. 31mI me, 1818nA roja kalakattAthI baMgALI bhASAmAM samAcAra darpaNa" nAmanuM patra zarU karyuM. aMgrejonA hAthe zarU thayeluM A patra hindustAnanI dezI bhASAnuM prathama patra che. cAra varasa bAda 1822mAM bAbu rAmamohana rAya nAmanA hindurastAnIe sudhArAnI himAyata karanAruM "saMgabAda komudI' nAmanuM patra kADhayuM. hindustAnInA hAthe hidamAM pragaTa thayeluM A sarva prathama patra che. A ja varasamAM 1822nI 1lI julAIe suratanA pharadunajI marjhabAne "zrI mumabAIne samAcAra" nAmanuM patra muMbaImAMthI kADhayuM. Aje 160 varSe paNa A patra cAlu che. muMbaI samAcAra' nAme Aje te deza-videzamAM suvikhyAta che. gujarAtInA hAthe gujarAtI

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jaina patrakAratvaH eka jhalaka ra69 bhASAmAM pragaTa thayeluM A sarva prathama patra che. jaina patrakAratvanuM paroDha jaina patrakAratvano itihAsa pUrAM 123 varSa jeTaluM prAcIna che. hinduratAnano sana 1857no sarvaprathama svAtaMtryasaMgrAma asaphaLa. gayo ane aMgrejoe hindustAna para vidhisara pitAnuM siMhAsana sthApyuM. ApaNuM pUrvajonuM khamIra tyAre tUTI gayuM hatuM. hindustAnanA tamAma samAjamAM tyAre vahema, rUDhio, bhrAMtio, karma jaDatA, karmakAMDabahulatA ane dharmaghelachAnI belabAlA hatI. jaina samAjamAM tyAre- Aje nAmazeSa banela zrI pUjyati saMsthAnI hAka ane dhAka hatI. saMgI sAdhuo paNa temanI adaba rAkhatA. A yatie pAlakhImAM moTA rasAlA sAthe vicaratA. jyotiSa, vaidaka, maMtrataMtrano vyavasAya karatA. jAgIro paNa rAkhatA. yatio uparAMta sthAnakavAsI sAdhuone. samAja para noMdhapAtra prabhAva hate. jaina sAdhuoe kaDaka AcAra ane saMyamane tilAMjalI ApI hatI. jaina samAjanI AvI mAnasika avadazAnA yugamAM jaina patrakAratvanuM paroDha UgyuM che. sarvaprathama asaphaLa svAtaMtryasaMgrAmanAM be varasa bAda sana: 1859mAM jenee patrakAratvanA kSetre praveza karyo. A varasamAM amadAvAdamAMthI jaina dIpaka' nAmanuM mAsika patra pragaTa thayuM. A patrathI. jaina patrakAratvane dIpa pragaTayo te hajI Aja sudhI akhaMDa jhaLahaLe che. sane 1859 thI 1982nA Disembara sudhI badhA phirakAnA maLIne 600 thI vadhu jaina patro prakaTa thayAM che. duniyAnA koI eka samAje ATalI moTI saMkhyAmAM dhArmika-sAmAjika patro prakaTa karyA nathI. A sothI vadhu jaina patro aMgrejI bhASA uparAMta 8 bhASAmAM prakaTa thayAM che. bhASAvAra patro A pramANe che. aMgrejImAM 11, urdu mAM 6, kannaDamAM 5, gujarAtImAM 126, tamiLamAM 6, baMgALImAM

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270 jaina sAhitya samArAha 3, marAThImAM 24, saMskRtamAM 1 ane hiMdImAM 279, ema kula 460 jaina patro prakaTa thayAM che. AmAMthI rAjyanukrama pramANe AsAmamAMthI 1, AMdhramAMthI 4, *uttarapradezamAMthI 86, karNATakamAMthI pa, gujarAtamAMthI 68, tAmila naDumAMthI 7, dilhImAMthI 58, nAgAlaeNnDamAMthI 1, paMjAba hariyANAmAMthI 7, pazcima bhagALamAMthI 25, bihAramAMthI 6, madhya pradezamAMthI 35, mahArASTramAMthI 80 ane rAjasthAnamAMthI 85 ema kula 460 jaina patrA pragaTa thayAM che. A badhAM patromAMthI ghaNAMnI pUrNa vigatA maLe che, ghaNAMnI adhUrI. deDhasAthI vadhu evAM patro che ke je jaina patrA heAvAnuM tenAM nAma parathI kahI zakAya. paraMtu e adhAM mAtra jaina nAmadhArI patrA kapAre, kayAMthI, kANe prakaTa karyAM te sa zeAdhanane viSaya che. pUrNa ane adhUrI mAhitInA AdhAre niHzaMka kahI zakAya ke jaina patromAM sauthI vadhu mAsikreA prakaTa thayAM che. sAptAhika, pAkSika, traimAsika, traimAsika, ardhavArSika ane vArSika patro paNa prakaTa thayAM che ane thAya che. AmAMthI jaina,' jaina jyoti,' sevA samAja' jevAM gheADAMka patro tA prasaMge dainika svarUpe paNa pragaTa thayAM che, patrAnI saMkhyA, bhASA ane sAmayikatA joI, have joIe kaI bhASAmAM karyuM jaina patra prakaTa prathama thayuM te. A krama kALAnukrama pramANe paNa gAvyA che. sana 1959mAM 'jaina dIpaka' amadAvAdathI, sana 1880mAM hindI bhASAmAM 'jaina patrikA' prayAgathI, sana 1884mAM marAThI bhASAmAM 'jaina kheAdhaka' ane urdu bhASAmAM 'jIyAlAla prakAza' anukrame zAlApura ane pharUkhanagarathI, sane 1903mAM aMgrejI 'bhASAmAM 'jaina gejheTa' ajamerathI, sana 1920mAM tamiLa bhASAmAM dharmazIlana' ane kannaDa bhASAmAM jinavijaya' anukrame madrAsa ane elagAmathI tathA sana 1923mAM baMgALI bhASAmAM 'jinavANI' kalakattAthI pragaTa thayAM. -

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jenA patrakAratva: eka jhalaka gujarAtI jaina patra eka jhalaka gujarAtI jaina patrAnI. sana 1859thI Disembara 1982 sudhImAM kula 126 gujarAtI jaina patro pragaTa thayAM che. sauthI vadhu saMkhyAnI gaNatarIe muMbaImAMthI pa8, amadAvAdamAMthI 26, bhAvanagaramAMthI 9, rAjakeTamAMthI 4, pAlItANa ane vaDhavANamAMthI 3-3, DIsA, surendranagara ane sonagaDhathI 2-2 ane kapaDavaMja, kalakattA, chANa, khaMbhAta, gAMdhIdhAma, jAmanagara, pUnA, bhAbhara, lIMbaDI, vaDodarA, surata ane hiMmatanagarathI 1-1 pragaTa thayAM che. 126 gujarAtI jaina patromAMthI atyAre 58 patro prakaTa thAya che. A 58 patromAMthI 2 sAptAhika, 8 pAkSika, 47 mAsika ane 1 vArSika che. mAlikInI daSTie 15 vyaktigata mAlikInAM, 19 saMsthAnAM mukhapatro, 12 jJAtipatro ane 11 apracchannapaNe sAdhu prerita ke saMcAlita patro che. sAmayikatAmAM sarva prathamanI daSTie 1859mAM jene dIpakamAsika, 1903mAM jaina sAptAhika, 1911mAM jaina zAsana - pAkSika, 1936mAM jaina satyaprakAza' daimAsika, 1944mAM "kalyANuM" (mAsika), ane prAyaH 1975mAM "sAMvatsarika kSamApanA vASika zarU thayAM. AmAMthI jaina' sAptAhika, kalyANuM" ane "sAMvatsarika kSamApanA cAlu che. "kalyANa atyAre mAsika che. saumAM sarvaprathama bhAratabharamAM Aja sudhImAM pragaTa thayelAM jaina patre eka vAta barAbara spaSTa kare che ke bhAratamAM jaina patrakAratvanuM prathama prAraNuM jhulAvavAnuM mAna gujarAtI bhASAne ane zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaina samAjane prApta thAya che. gujarAtI jaina patronI nAmAvali tarapha eka

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272 jaina sAhitya samAroha UDatI najara karatAM A paNa eka tathya jANavA maLe che ke gujarAtanA badhA jaina phirakAomAMthI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka phirakAo jaina patrakAratvanA vikAsa ane vistAramAM sarvAdhika phALo Ape che. saMpradAyanI daSTie vicAratAM vetAMbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAye sana 1859mAM jaina dIpaka dvArA, tAMbara sthAnakavAsI saMpradAye sana 1889mAM "jaina dharmodaya" dvArA ane digaMbara saMpradAye sana 1942 mAM "Atmadharma dvArA gujarAtI jaina patrakAratvane zubhAraMbha karyo. hajI AjanI tArIkha sudhImAM terApaMtha saMpradAyanuM eka paNa jaina patra gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTa thayuM nathI. - saMpradAyanI jema saMcAlananI dRSTie paNa jaina patrakAratva cAra bhAgamAM vibhakta che. ApaNI pAse (1) vyaktigata mAlikInAM patro, (2) saMsthAnAM mukhapatra, (3) jJAtinAM patro, ane (4) apracachannapaNe sAdhusaMcAlita ke prerita athavA protsAhita patro che. vyaktigatajaina patra zarU karavAnuM sarva prathama sAhasa sthAnakavAsI saMpradAyanA vidvAna zrI motIlAla manasukharAme, amadAvAdathI sana 1898mAM jaina hiteccha" mAsika kADhIne karyuM. sana 1859mAM amadAvAdathI prakaTa thayela "jaina dIpaka' sarva prathama saMsthAnuM mukhapatra che. karachI dazA osavALa jJAtie sana 1921mAM muMbaIthI jJAti patrikA' kADhIne jJAtipatronuM maMgalAcaraNa karyuM ane ganiSTha zrImad buddhisAgarasUrijInI preraNAthI sana 1909 mAM amadAvAdathI buddhiprabhA" mAsikapatra pragaTa thayuM. sAdhu prerita ane saMcAlita A sarva prathama gujarAtI patra che. vikAsanA traNa tabakkA gujarAtI bhASAnA jaina patrakAratvane sarvAgINa rIte yathAyogya samajavA mATe tene traNa tabakkAmAM vibhAjita karyuM che. pahelo tabakko sana 1859 thI 1909, bIjo tabakko sana 191thI 1959na,

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jenA patrakAratvaH eka jhalaka 27 trIjo tabakko sana 1960thI 1982ne. sthaLa ane samayanI maryAdAnI adaba jALavavA prathama tabakkAnI vicAraNA vistArathI paNa vivekapUrvaka karavAnuM pasaMda karyuM che. bIjA be tabakkAne jarUrI mitAkSarI paricaya Apyo che. prathama tabakko sana 1959thI 1909nA prathama tabakkAmAM kula 24 patro pragaTa thayAM che. AmAMthI bhAvanagarathI pragaTa thatAM jaina dharma prakAza", "AtmAnaMda prakAza" ane "jaina" anukrame 98, 80 ane 79 () varasanAM thayAM che. prathamanAM be mAsika che ane trIju satAhika che. A traNeya patro atyAre paNa pragaTa thAya che. bAkInAM badhAM baMdha thaI gayAM che. A tamAma patronI traNa prakAre vicAraNA karIe H 1. bAhya svarUpa, 2, bhItarI svarUpa ane 3. sAmAjika prabhAva ane pradAna. prathama baMdha paDelAM patronI vicAraNuM karIe. 1. jaina dIpaka" (mAsika) prakAzana samayaH sana 18 59, saM. 1961nA phAgaNa mAsamAM prakAzanasthaLa amadAvAda. zeThazrI umAbhAI haThIsiMdha ane zeTha zrI maganabhAI karamacaMdanA Arthika sahakArathI zarU thayuM. prakAzakaH jainasabhA, amadAvAda, kada H DemI, pRSThasaMkhyA : mukhapRSThasahita 16, vArSika lavAjama eka rUpiye. amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM jena dIpakanA zarUnA doDheka varasanI phAIla upalabdha che. . . . 2. jena divAkara" (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1875, saM. 1932nA zrAvaNa mAsamAM, prakAzana sthaLa : amadAvAda, prakAzaka : zrI kezavalAla zivarAma ane zrI hanalAla umedacaMda, kada : DemI, pRSThasaMkhyA 16. 18

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ra74 - jaina sAhitya samAroha zraya jaina itihAsakAra zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAInA mate "A patra DAka varSa sudhI cAlyuM. khaMtIlA saMzodhaka ane A samArohanA adhyakSa zrI agaracaMda nAhaTAnA mate te "18 varSa sudhI nIkaLyuM hatuM. pIDha jaina patrakAra De. jyoti prasAdanA mate "lagabhaga dasa varasa cAlyuM. mArA mate A patra betraNa varasathI vadhu nahi cAlyuM heya. mArA matane AdhAra zrImad rAjacaMdranA aThaMga abhyAsI vidvAna lekhaka zrI manasukhalAla vi. kiratacaMda mahetA ane jaina dharma prakAza" mAsikanA saMpAdaka zrI kuMvarajI ANaMdajI kApaDiyAnAM vidhAne che. zrI mahetA prakAzanA sikavara jyubilI aMkamAM pR. 130 kha para lakhe cheH "jaina divAkara" mAsika saMvata 1932nA zrAvaNa mAsamAM zarU thayuM. hAla te lAMbA vakhatathI baMdha paDayuM dekhAya che. tyArapachI saMvata 1941 sudhImAM bIju koI gujarAtI jene mAsika zarU thayuM hoya to tenI amane mAhitI nathI." A vidhAnanA TipaNamAM zrI kApaDiyA nedhe che: "saMvata 1933mAM" "jaina sudhArasa' mAsika prakaTa thayuM." zrI mahetA ane zrI kApaDiyA jaina patrakAratva prAraMbhayuganA sakriya sAkSI hatA. jaina divAkaranuM AyuSya Ama ekkasa saMzodhana mAge che. 3. jaina sudhArasa (mAsika): prakAzana samaya : sane 1884, saMvata 1837 caitra mAsa, prakAzanasthaLa: amadAvAda, prakAzaka : zrI savalAla zivarAma AyuSya eka varasanuM. 4. "svAduvAda sudhA" (mAsika) : prakAzanasamayaH sana 1884, saMvata 1941 mahA mAsa; prakAzana sthaLa: amadAvAda, prakAzaka: jaina 1. jaina sA. i.', pR. 730. 2. "tIrthakara jaina patra, patrikA vizeSAMkaH ogasTa 1977, pR. 24. 3. ejana, pR 10.

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jaina patrakAva: eka jhalaka . 5 dharma pravartaka sabhA, saMpAdaka ke vahIvaTai: dezI nATaka samAjanA Adya sthApaka ane jaina nATakakAra zrI DAhyAbhAI dhoLazAjI. mAsikanuM AyuSya be varasanuM pa. "jaina hitecchuM' (mAsika) : prakAzana samaya H sana 1884, saMvata 1941 vaizAkha mAsa, prakAzanasthaLa : bhAvanagara, prakAzaka : jaina dharma hitecchu sabhA. AyuSya eka varasanuM. 6. "jJAnaprakAza' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1888, saMvata 1945 piSa mAsa. prakAzanasthaLa : amadAvAda. prakAzaka : zeThazrI maganalAla haThIsiMga, AyuSya ekavIsa varasanuM. 7. jina dharmodaya' (mAsika) : prakAzana samayaH sana 1888-89, saMvata 1946-47. prakAzanathaLa : lIMbaDI, prakAzaka : lIMbaDInA sthAnakavAsI bhAIo, AyuSya be-traNa varasanuM. 8. jaina hitecchu (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1888. prakAsana sthaLa : amadAvAda. prakAzaka: amadAvAdamAM vasatA visalapunA sthAnakvAsI bhAIo. sana 1909 sudhI arthAta 21 varasa cAluM hatuM. 9, "tatvavivecaka' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1901, AnA mATe vidvAna zrI manasukhalAla kiratacaMda mahetA lakhe che : gaLathuthImAM viSa laI amadAvAdamAM janma pAmeluM A mAsika dIrdhAyu thAya ema lAgatuM nahotuM. thayuM paNa temAM thoDA mAsanA jIvana pachI samAdhimAM paDayuM. pAchuM sana 1908 mAM jAgrata thayuM. paNa viSavikArane utAra na thaye hevAthI be mAsanI jAgRti bhegavI pAchuM samAdhimAM paDayuM." 10. "AnaMda" (mAsika) : prakAzana samaya - sana 1903. prakA1. je. dha. pra. sa. sI. nyu e, 5, 10 thI

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27 jaina sAhitya samArAha zanasthaLa : pAlItANA, prakAzaka : jaina vidyA prasAra va. sana 1913 sudhI yAlu hatuM. 11, 'zrAvaka' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1903, prakAzanasthaLa : rAjaEATa, prakAzaka : rAjakoTanA sthAnakavAsI bhAIo. 12. 'sanAtana jaina' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1904, prakAzanasthaLa : rAjakATa, sa`pAdaka : zrI manasukhabhAI ravajIbhAI. sana 1917 sudhI cAlu hatuM. 13. jaina zvetAMbara kAnpharansa heralDa' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya H jAnyuArI 1905, prakAzanasthaLa : muMbaI, saMpAdaka : gulAbhacaMdajI dnA. prakAzaka : jaina zvetAMbara kAnphraransa, kada rAyala, pRSThasa khyA 16, vA. la. eka rUpiyA, 14. 'jaina patAkA' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : sana 1906, prakAzanasthaLa : amadAvAda. zrI meAhanalAla dalIcaMda desAI A patra aMge lakhe che: " A mitranI thaiDAM varSa hayAtI thayA pachI banArasa jaina pAThazALAne te suprata thatAM temAM viSaya AkSepa sivAya sArA AvavA lAgyA, paraMtu durbhAgye te eka varSI cAlI tuM che. ane have AzA ghaNI thADI rakhAya che ke te jaMge,2 15. 'samAlAcakra' (mAsika) : prakAzanasamaya : 1907, prakAzanasthaLa : bhAvanagara, saMpAdaka zrI bhagubhAI phattehacaMda kArabhArI, sana 1913 sudhI cAlu hatuM. Aje bhAvanagarathI prakaTa thatA 'jaina' sAptAhikanA bIja taMtrI zrI devacaMda dAmajI kuMDalAkare zrI mAhanalAla amarazInA (16) 'jaina vijaya' mAsikamAM tAlIma lIdhI hatI ane zrI devacaMda kuMDalAkare sana 1907 thI 1909 sudhImAM (17) 'tara'gataraNI', (18) 'jaina ra. jai. kA. he., mArca, 1910, pR. 67

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jene patrakAratvaH eka jhalaka 277 zubhecchaka', (19) vIzA zrImALI hitecchu temaja (20) jaina mahilA nAmanAM jaina patro zarU karyA hatAM. gujarAtI jaina patronA prathama tabakkAnAM 23 patromAMthI baMdha paDelAM 20 patronI jeTalI mAhitI upalabdha thaI te ApI che. tenuM vizeSa saMzodhana karavuM rahyuM. Aje cAlu traNa patro jaina dharma prakAza', "AtmAnaMda prakAza', ane "jaina" saptAhikanI vicAraNuM svataMtra abhyAsa mAge che. chatAM ya AmAnaMda prakAza" ane "jaina"mAM varSagaNatarInI je bhUla chapAya che te atre noMdhavuM jarUrI che kAraNa ke A bhUla jaina patrakAratvanA saMzodhakane gumarAha kare che. A baMne patra bhAvanagarathI pragaTa thAya che. navembara 198ranA pragaTa thayelA "AtmAnaMda prakAzanA mukhapRSTha para chAyuM che: "pustaka 20' jyAre "jaina" sAptAhikanA navembara 198ranA mukhapRSTha para chapAyuM che "varSa 79. A vAMcatAM tarata ja spaSTa thAya che ke "AtmAnaMda prakAza' mAsika "jena' sAptAhika karatAM eka varasa agAu pragaTa thayuM che. paraMtu hakIkata AnAthI judI che. A baMneya patra eka ja sana 1903mAM ja prakaTa thayAM che. 1903mAM 12mI eprile jaina sAptAhika amadAvAdathI pragaTa thayuM, ane ogaSTa 1903mAM "AtmAnaMda prakAza bhAvanagarathI. te samayanI paraMparA mujaba A baMneya patroe te te patranA prakAzananI neMdha lIdhI che. jaina' sAptAhike 30mI oNgaSTa 1903nA aMkanA 10mA. pAnA para "svIkAra' noMdhamAM lakhyuM cheH "A navA jena gujarAtI mAsikanI zarUAta zrI bhAvanagarathI cAlu mAsamAM thaI che...jaina dharma prakAza," "jJAna prakAza" ane "tattvavivecaka' ema traNa mAsike hAla ApaNAMmAM prasiddha che, temAM A cethAne umero thayele joIne amane AnaMda thAya che. dareka jaine AvA sukAryane madada karavI te temanuM kartavya che."

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jaina sAhitya samArAha t 'AtmAnaH prakAza' pustaka 1, aMka 1 lAnA trIja mukhapRSTha para nAMkhyuM che: jaina' sAptAhika patra : A nyusaprepara gayA eprila mAsanI bAramI tArIkhathI rAjanagaramAM prasiddha thayuM che. ame A patrane nira Mtara abhyuda icchIe chIe." Ama vAstavamAM baMne patranuM Aje 9 muM varasa cAle che. bhItarI svarUpa " 208. prAraMbhanA tamakkAnAM 24 patramAMthI jaina' saptAhikane khAda karatAM bAkInAM 23 patrA aniyamitatAnI bAbatamAM ekasamAna hatAM. niyata tithie bhAgye ja keAI putra pragaTa thatuM. kayAreka te kAI patrana aka cAra cAra mahine nIkaLatA. bIjI keTalIka samAnatAe A pramANe che : (1) DemI kadamAM patro prakaTa thatAM, (2) vadhumAM vadhu 24 pAnAMnuM sAhitya apAtuM, (3) sAhityatA viSaya mukhyatve dhArmika siddhAMtA, kriyAo ane nItine lagatA hatA, (4) mukhapruSTha mahad a Mze cAlu raMgIna kAgaLamAM apAtuM. (5) mukhapRSTha 1 upara presa lAIna, duhe| ke prAcIna saMskRta zlAka sukAtA, (6) bAra mahinA sudhI pAnAMne saLaMga naMbara apAtA, (7) taMtrInuM nAma kathAMya paNa mukAtuM huM, mAtra prakaTakartAnuM nAma mukhapRSTha para presalAInamAM mukAtuM, (8) lekhanA lekhakanuM nAma bahudhA mukAtuM nahi, mukAya te lekhanA aMte mukAtuM. (9) bhAgye ja koI lekha eka aMkamAM pUrNa chyA. (10) are, samAcAra paNa tyAre apUrNa chapAtA ! ! eka ja udAharaNu : 98 varase Aje pragaTa thatA jaina dharma prakAza'nA prathama varasanA prathama aMkamAM 'zatru jaya' vize samAcAra chapAyA che. gaNatarInI nava lITI ApIne A samAcAra apUrNa rakhAyA che te samAcAra tenA chaThThA ke pUrNa thAya che. (11) e samayanAM putrAne ceApAniyA' tarIke oLakhavAmAM--pracAravAmAM AvatAM.

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jenA patrakAratva : eka jhalaka patroe pADelI paraMparAo 1. jene patrakAratvanA sarva prathama jena dIpaka mAsike cAra prathAe pADI = (1) aMkamAM te mAsanuM paMcAMga prakaTa karavuM, (2) aMkamAM ekAda stavana ane saMvAda mUkavAM, (3) "varSane badale "pustaka lakhavuM. ane (4) varasa sudhI saLaMga pAnAMnaMbara ApavA. ApaNe joIe chIe ke "AtmAnaMda prakAzamAM Aje paNa "varSane badale pustaka lakhAya che. sthAnakavAsI kenpharansanA mukhapatra jaina prakAzamAM Aje paNa pAnAnaMbara bAra mahinA sudhI saLaMga apAya che. alabatta, have moTA bhAganAM patra paMcAMga nathI chApatAM paraMtu tyArapachI ochAmAM ochAM 50 varSa sudhI to mAsika paMcAMga mahad aMze chapAtuM ja rahyuM che. jaina dIpake mAsika paMcAMge chApIne Aje keTalAMka patro taraphathI apAtAM vArSika paMcAMganI bhUmikA nirmANa karI ApI che ema kahevAmAM jarUye vAMdho nathI, 2 jena divAkare" mukhapRSTha para ja pitAnA nAmane vaNuM letA duhe mUkavAnI prathA zarU karI. tene duhA A pramANe che: "nabhane suraja netrane saraje teja vizALa, jena divAkara jIvanuM timira hare tatkALa." A prathA tyArapachI sana 1884mAM pragaTa thayelA "jaina dharma prakAze ane sana 1903mAM prakaTa thayelA "AtmAnaMda prakAze" lAMbA samaya sudhI apanAvI che; jo ke badhAM ja patrAe evuM beThuM anukaraNa nathI karyuM. paraMtu UghaDatA pAne prAcIna maleka maka, aMgrejI kavitA mUkavI ke koI vidvAnanuM avataraNa mukavuM e prathA Aje paNa sarvAdhika jovA maLe che. tenuM UgamabiMdu "jena divAkarane dUhe che. 3. sana 1884 pahelAMnAM patro aMge dhULa mAhitI upalabdha nathI thaI tyAM sudhI ApaNe svIkArI laIe ke A varSe pragaTa thayela

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280 jaina sAhitya samAroha jaina dharma prakAze' prasaMgavizeSanA samAcAra ApavAnI prathA zarU karI. Aje te tene vyApa paNa ghaNe badhe thayo che. A patre A A uparAMta (1) vArSika lavAjamamAM ja bheTapustaka ApavAnI, (2) vArSika paMcAMga bheTa ApavAnI, (3) aMkamAM pragaTa thayela eka ja lekhakanA leonuM pustaka pragaTa karavAnI, (4) jarUrI prasaMge vadhArAnAM pAnAM ApavAnI, temaja (5) carcApatro prakaTa karavAnI prathAo zarU karI. Aje paNa A badhI prathAonuM pAlana thAya che. - 4. jaina hitecchu (sana 1898)nA saMpAdaka vA. me. zAhe ekalA hAthe traNa traNa patro calAvIne, ekathI vadhu patronA eka saMpAdakanI prathA pADI. Aje paNa zrI mahAsukhabhAI desAI ekalA hAthe "jaina prakAza" ane "dazA zrImALI' ema be patronA saMpAdananI javAbadArI saphaLatAthI saMbhALe che. AvAM bIjAM nAma paNa maLe che. pa. jaina sAptAhika' (1) saLaMga dhArmika navalakathA ApavAnI, (2) vartamAna rAjakAraNa sahita anekavidha kSetronA samAcAra ApavAnI, temaja (3) prakAzananI sAmayikatA ghaTADavAnI prathAo zarU karI. tyAra pachI kALakrame sAptAhika pragaTa thayAM ane pAkSika paNa. 6. "sanAtana jaina" ane "jaina zvetAMbara konpharansa heralDanA saMpAdakAe etihAsika mahatva dharAvatA tathA saMzodhanAtmaka lekhe lakhavAnI ane pragaTa karavAnI prathA zarU karI. 7. buddhipramA' mAsika pracachanna ane apracchanapaNe sAdhuoprerita patro zarU karavAnI prathA pADI. patronI kula asara 1 dhArmika lAgaNI haMmezAM ALI rahI che. jaina samAja paNa AvI ALI lAgaNIthI Aje paNa baMdhAyelo che. moTA bhAge AvI lAgaNuM bhrAmaka mAnyatA para ghaDAyelI hoya che. savAso varasa pahelAM daDha mAnyatA hatI ke pustaka chapAya nahi, pustaka chApavAthI jJAnanI

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281 jenA patrakAratva : eka jhalaka AzAtanA thAya che. sana 1859mAM "jena dIpaka' patre A mAnyatA para ghaNane ghA karyo. pachInAM pAtroe paNa e mAnyatAne teDavAmAM noMdhapAtra sahayoga Apyo. 2. A patroe sAdhu-saMsthAne ane zikSita vargane dharma ane samAjanA prazno ane viSaye aMge vicAratAM ane lakhatAM karavAnI saphaLa preraNA ApI. patra-prakAzananI pravRtti vikasatAM ane vistaratAM zikSita ane vidvAnone potAnA vicAre abhivyakta karavAnuM eka sabaLa mAdhyama maLyuM. prAraMbhanA tabakkAnAM patroe ApaNane zrI AtmArAmajI, zrImad buddhisAgarajI, zrI kapUravijyajI jevA sAdhulekhake temaja zrI kuMvarajI ANaMdajI, zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI, zrI motIlAla manasukharAma, zrI vA. mo. zAha, zrI motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDiyA, zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, zrI manasukhalAla kiratacaMda mahetA jevA prakhara vidvAna lekhake ApyA. 3. patroe lekakeLavaNunuM paNa kAma karyuM. tyAre bALalagna, ane vRdalagna sAmAnya hatAM. kanyAvikraya thata, strIkeLavaNuM hatI nahi, hatI to nahivata hatI. bALavidhavA ke yuvA-vidhavA para samAjanAM kaDaka niyaMtraNa hatAM. mRtyu pachI raDavA-kUTavAno rivAja hatA. mRtyu pachIne vidhi divaso sudhI cAlatA. maraNa pachI jamaNavAra thatA. lagnaprathA paNa kareLiyAnA jALA jevI jaTila hatI. rakhAta rAkhavI, ekathI vadhu patnI karavI, e kebha gaNune. paradezagamana karanArane AkarI sajA bhogavavI paDatI. dhArmika paristhiti paNa pachAta hatI. sAdhu-saMsthA para yati saMsthAnI pakaDa hatI. yatie maMtra-taMtra-jaMtara karatA. bAdazAhI ThAThathI rahetA. "svAmI vAtsalya" karAvavAmAM ja ghaNuM moTuM puNya che evI mAnyatA hatI. e mATe tyAre harIphAI thatI. sAta kSetronI jALavaNInuM ghora ajJAna hatuM.

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282 jaina sAhitya samAroha 19 mI sadIne saMsthAsamaya cakIya kSetre ghaNI uthalapAthalane hate. "svarAjyanA maMtra' jayaSita thaye hato. "svarAjaya mArA janmasiddha haka che -A sUtra dezabharamAM pracalita hatuM. paraMtu jaina samAja A kSetra pratye ghera udAsIna hate. , dhArmika, sAmAjika ane rAjakIya ajJAna ane udAsItAne teDavAnuM paNa A patroe noMdhapAtra saphaLa kAma karyuM. patronuM vyaktigata pradAna A badhAM pAtronI bhegI asara vicArI. prAraMbhanA tabakkAnAM 24 gujarAtI jaina patromAMthI traNa patroe to romaharSaka pradAna karyuM che. A patronAM nAma che : (1) jaina dharma prakAza, (2) "jena hiteccha ane (3) jaina' sAptAhika. AmAMthI "jena hitecchuM' be dAyakAnuM AyuSya bhogavIne yoganidrAmAM poDhI gayuM che. A traNeya patra eka daLadAra ItihAsa lakhavAnI mabalakha sAmagrI dharAve che. A traNanuM AgavuM pradAna che, ane tenI eka AcherI jhalakathI ja ahIM saMtoSa mAnya che. 1. jaina dharma prakAze" AjanI tAMbara jaina konpharansanA nirmANanI nakakara bhUmikA UbhI karI ApI. zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaina samAjanI kendravatI-akhila bhAratIya saMsthA hevI joIe te sarva prathama avAja A patre bulaMda karyo. sana 1892mAM tenA taMtrIe jaina keMgresa bharavAnI jarUra" e viSaya para asarakAraka lekha lakhe, tenA phaLasvarUpe 1894mAM amadAvAdamAM sarvaprathama zrI jaina samudAya sabhA' maLI. A sabhA pahelI "jena kAMgresanA nAme tyAre vikhyAta banI. A pachI A patra jaina keMgresa aMge avAranavAra lekho lakhyA, jenuM suMdara pariNAma te AjanI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaina konpharansa. tenI vidhivat sthApanA rAjasthAnanA phaLAdhi tIrthamAM sana 1902mAM thaI.

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jaina patrakAratva : eka jhalaka 28 2. A patra lAzraddheya prajJAcakSu pUjya paDita zrI sukhalAla-jInA jIvanane navA vaLAMka ApanAmAM nirNAyaka - nimitta mRtyuM. paMDitajI sthAnakavAsI sa`pradAyanA hatA, A patranA vAMcanathI zvetAMbara. mUrtipUjaka saMpradAyanA abhyAsa mATe temane jijJAsA jAgI. pUjazrI A patra aMge lakhe che : "prakAza' patra ane huM nAnAM-meTAM bhAMDaruM jevAM chIe. 'prakAza' patranA vAMcana dvArA taddana virAdhI khInna sa skAra-A thara manamAM badhAyA...mane lAge che ke e patre eka nAnAbhAInI peThe mane mUjhavaNumAM prakAza ane DarUpe madada ApI che." 3, A patre jaina paMcAMga temaja anya dhArmika pustake bheTa ApavAnI sarvaprathama prathA ane paraparA zarU karI. 4. A patramAM tI yAtrA-pravAsa'nA lekhA AvatA, jenA kAraNe tI yAtrAe~| mahimA vacce! ane tIrthadhAmeAnI paristhitimAM paNa sudhArA thavA lAgyuM. 5. jaina vastIgaNatarI karavA mATe A patra hAkala karI, jenA. pazuiAme zvetAMbara kAnpharanse 'jaina DirekaTarI' taiyAra karI jaina hitecchunuM pradAna 1 vA. me|. zAhanA nAmathI samagra jaina vid samAja supari cita che. AdhyAtmika AgathI pIDAtA vIjra varasanA vA. mene (vA. me. eTale zrI vADIlAla meAtIlAla zAha) patra kADhavAnuM mana yuM. pitAe putrane sakriya prAtsAhana ApyuM ane sane 1898mAM 'jaina hitecchu' mAsikaneA janma thayA. pitA-putranI joDIe 23 varasa sudhI A patra vyaktigata dheAraNe calAvyuM. A patranuM mahattvanuM. pradAna A pramANe che : 1 zrI motIlAla manasukharAme 'prANIhi'sA ane prANI kherAka niSedhaka' nAmanI lekhamALA lakhIne zAkAhAranA pracAranA sarvaprathama

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- jaina sAhitya samAroha -zrIgaNeza karyA. mAMsAhAraniSedhanI temanI A lekhamALAe keTalAka - aMgreje ane musalamAnone zAkAhArI banAvyAnA dAkhalA che. 2 zrI motIlAle ApaNuM gujarAtI zabdakoSane paNa samRddha karyo che. narmakoSamAM nahi samAyelA evA gujarAtI bhASAnA zabdane saMgraha karIne temaNe gujarAtI zabdArtha keASa Ape. A keSa te samayanA vaDedarA (gAyakavADI) rAjyanA zikSaNa khAtAe maMjUra karyo hate. jina hitecchu'nuM saMpAdana temanA putra vADIlAle saMbhALyuM tyAre paNa A patramAM te prANa purAye ja, sAthosAtha samagra jaina patrakAravamAM paNa sabaLa prANasaMcAra thA. samAja, dharma ane rAjakAraNanA praznone jovA-vicAravAnI temaNe AgavI-navI daSTi ApI. ane "zuC zuSku' temaja ratala gujarAtI bhASAne haiyAsoMsaravI Utare evI - tIkhAza bakSo. 4. gujarAtanA A vaNalakhyA philasupha patrakAra vA, me. zAhe 23 varasa sudhI ekalA hAthe jaina hitecchu (gujarAtI mAsika), jaina samAcAra (hindI-gujarAtI pAkSika) ane jaina hitecchuM" (hindI pAkSika) calAvyAM. A patro dvArA temaNe saMpradAyone pitAnA vaDAmAMthI bahAra kADhayA. pite sthAnakavAsI hatA paraMtu jaina samAjane -nukasAna karanAra prazna ke prasaMge temaNe acUka kalama calAvI che. -Ama karIne temaNe "jaina"ne vizALa arthamAM vicAravAnI bhUmikA bAMdhI ApI. 5. AjanI akhila bhAratIya sthAnakavAsI jaina konpharansa ane zrI saMyukta jaina vidyAthI gRha - A baMne vA. mo. zAhanAM zakavatI pradAna che. paraMtu temaNe mAtra gRhastha samAjane ja nahi paNa sthAnakavAsI sAdhu-saMsthAne paNa doravaNuM ApI che. temanA ja prayAsathI sthAnakavAsI sAdhuonI prathama pariSada maLI. A pariSada ' -vA. ma. zAhane jaina sAdhuomAM navuM lehI reDanAra upakArI puruSa"

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jenA patrakAratva : eka jhalaka 285 tarIke navAjyA hatA. eTaluM ja nahi paNa pUnAmAM maLelI eka jaMgI jAhera sabhAmAM bALa gaMgAdhara TiLakanA varada hasate temane mAnapatra ane jheLI arpaNa karAyAM hatAM. e samaye TiLake vA. meM zAhanI. tIkhI kalamanI tathA samAja sevA temaja svadezadAjhanI bharapUra prazaMsA karI hatI. 6. hindustAnanI eka ja bhASA, ane te hindI hevI joIe. tevo anurodha karanAra prathama jaina patrakAra vA. me. zAha hatA. "jana' sAptAhika zrI bhagubhAI phatehacaMda kArabhArIe 12 mI eprila 1903nA. roja amadAvAdathI "jena' nAmanuM sAptAhika pragaTa karyuM hatuM. 1, A patranA prakAzanathI gujarAtI jaina patrakAratva mAsikanI. sAmayikatAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLyuM. 2. sattA ane zrImaMte sAme lAla AMkha karIne kahevAlakha. vAnI pahela A patre karI, A patranI jhuMbezathI zatruMjaya tIrtha para sattAdhIzo dvArA thatI AzAtanA ane dakhalane jIvaleNa phaTako paDyo.. 3. sArvajanika hitamAM sAcesAcuM, jarUra paDe te tIkhuM ane kaDavuM paNa kahevA-lakhavAmAM keInIya sADAbArI nahi rAkhavAnI khumArIne A patro janma Ape. pAlItANAnA ThAkarene A patre. khakhaDAvyA hatA. ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhInA vahIvaTakartA zrImaMtana UdhaDA lIdhA hatA. tatkAlIna rAjakIya praznonI carcA paNa tenAthI ja zarU thaI. 4. jaina samAjanAM 80 varasano itihAsa lakhavA mATe jena" sAptAhika eka saMdarbhagraMthanI garaja sAre che. ema niHzaMka kahI zakAya ke jena' sAptAhika patrakAratvane

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26 jaina sAhitya samAroha anya dainika patrakAratvanI harALamAM UbhuM karI dAdhuM. A patranI kAmagIrInI noMdha te samayanA raMgrejI patrae paNa lIdhI che. patranI anya patro para asara A badhAM patrAe samAja para vyApaka asara karI, teA sanAtana jaina' nAmanA mAsika patre tenA samakAlIna ane te pachInAM putro para sArI evI asara pADI che. 'sanAtana jaina' ne janma rAjakeTamAM sana 1904mAM thayA, paNa tene vikAsa thayA te muMbaI gayA pachI. muMbaithI zrI manasukhabhAI ravajIbhAI tenuM saMpAdana karatA. jaina dharma ane jaina samAjanuM ja A mAki patra hatuM. paraMtu sa MpradAyamukta A saprathama jaina patra che. jaina vaicArika ekatA ane bauddhika ballubhAvanuM teNe nirmANa karyuM", 6 eka putra kevuM hevuM joie tenuM 'sanAtana jaina" Adarza namUne che. zrI manasukhalAla kiratacaMda mahetAnA zabdomAM A patramAM jIvanane anivArya evA jarnAlisTika spiriTa - patrakArane menya jussA, vI sphuraNA hatI.' zro mA. 6. desAI lakhe cheH 'ApaLe tyAM atyAre sAta putro che. A badhA bhegAM maLIne pazu A patranI kharAarI karI zake tema nathI.' prazaMsAnA A udgAra sanAtana jaina'nI saMpAdanakaLAnuM sAcuM citra rajU kare che. A patramAM lekhAnA lekhAnI pasaMdagI karIne sukAtA, keLavAyelA varganA ane azikSita nA valaNunI kALajI levAtI, ane tenuM anveSaNAtmaka Alekhana paNa karAtuM. rAjakIya ane dhArmika dRSTie UhApADa karAtA, khIjAM mAsikethA potAna mAsikane AgavuM vyaktitva ApavAnI khAsa kALajI rakhAtI. paraMtu A patramAMthI preraNA laIne potAnA patrane uttama kakSAnuM banAvavAnA bIjA krAIe khAsa prayatna karyo nathI.

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jaiva patrakAratva che eka jhalaka 287 bAkInA tabakkA have bAkInA be tabakkAnI saMkSipta mitAkSarI vicAraNA karIzuM. bIjo tabakko 1910 thI 19pa0ne gaNI zakAya, trIjo tabakko 1960 thI Aja sudhIne. bIjA tabakkAmAM saMsthAnAM mukhapatro ane sAdhusaMcAlita pAe mukhya kAmagarI bajAvI che. A tabakkAmAM sAdhusaMsthA sAMkhyika dRSTie paNa samUha banI. e sAthe ja tenA prazno UbhA thayA. A tabakkAmAM patrone sAdhuonI sAthe sArI evI athaDAmaNamAM AvavuM paDyuM che. bALadIkSA, devadravya vagere prazno aMge zrI paramAnaMdakApaDiyAnA ane zrI dhIrajalAla karazI zAhanA jaina jyoti patroe sAdhusaMsthA sAme sArI evI jhIMka jhIlI. A baMne patro ane patrakArone prayAsanA pariNAme zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha ane tenI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALA bane astitvamAM AvyAM. bIjA tabakkAnuM A mahAmUluM pradAna che. jA tabakkAmAM jJAtipatronI sevAo AgarvI rahI che. A samathamAM vividha jJAtinI saMsthAoe potAnAM mukhapatro pragaTa karyA che. e jJAti patroe pitAnI jJAtinI kAyApalaTamAM yathAyogya phALe Ape che. A tabakakAnAM "vardhamAna jaina' (mina pAkSika), mukti ane pratikAMti' (mAsika) - A traNa patroe yuvA AlamanuM naitika ghaDatara karavAmAM noMdhapAtra pradAna karyuM che. yuvAnanA cAritraghaDatarane anulakSIne ja nIkaLela A patro samagra jaina patrakAratavanI AgavI deNa che.

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kacchamAM jana dharma mA gulAba deDhiyA paMkhIo mALA tarapha pAchAM pharI rahyAM che. sImamAMthI kheDUte ane sAthIdAro gAma tarapha AvI rahyA che. khetare kAma karavA Avela be-traNa vRddhAo jhaDapathI paga upADe che, utAvaLe ghare pahoMce che. have divasa jhaLAMhaLAM rahyo che. sUryAstanI taiyArI thaI gaI che. AkAzamAM lAlAza patharAI gaI che. have khIcaDI ke bAjarAnA roTalA kakyAre banI rahe ? ekalI vRddhA strI bAjarAnA leTamAM chAza meLavI pI jAya che, uparathI pANuM pI le che, tRptine oDakAra AvI jAya che. eno cauvihAra AnAthI sacavAI jAya che. A che Aja sudhInA kacchanA jIvatA jaina dharmanuM citra divasabhara majUrI karavI, sakhata kAma karavuM ane dharma sAcavave. kacchamAM jaina dharma mahAvIra svAmInA samaya ke e pahelAMthI pravartamAna che. enA purAvA paNa maLe che. kacchanA mahAtIrtha bhadrezvaranI sthApanA mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANa pachI mAtra 23mA varSe zreSThI devacaDhe karI, evA ulalekha maLe che. te vakhate bhadrAvatI nagarImAM. siddhasena rAjA rAjya karatA hatA eTale 2500 varSathI to kacchamAM jaina dharma che. (bhadrezvara-vasaI mahAtIrtha nAmanA pustakamAM zrI rati lAla dIpacaMda desAIe khUba cIvaTapUrvaka A hakIkata noMdhI che.) gRhasthAzramamAM brahmacaryanuM pAlana karanAra vijaya zeTha ane vijayA zeThANuM e bhadrAvatI nagarInAM hatAM. saM. 1288mAM vastupALa ane tejapALa bhadrezvaranI yAtrAe AvI. gayelA. A tIrthane alaga alaga samaye 15 vakhata jIrNodhAra thayo hato.

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kacchamAM jaina dharma bhadrezvarane yAda karatAM dAnezvarI jagaDuzAnuM nAma yAda Ave. e pratApI puruSe je kAryo karyA che e vAMcatAM khyAla Ave, ke te vakhate karachanI jAherajalAlI ane jaina dharmane prabhAva keTalAM vyApaka haze. jagaDuzAe vi. saM. 1317 thI traNa varSa, lagAtAra paDelA dukALamAM cheka dilhI sudhI anAja pUruM pADyuM hatuM. karachamAM jagaDuzA jevA dAnavIra bhAgye ja koI maLe. bhadrezvarane pharI jIrNoddhAra karanAra vardhamAna ane padmasiMha udAra zrAvaka hatA. teo cIna deza sudhI vepAra karatA hatA. AjathI pAMca varSa pahelAM saM.1550nI AsapAsa osavAla jene kacchamAM AvyAM. te pUrve gujarAtamAM teo vepAra karatAM hatA. karachamAM temanuM Agamana vepAra arthe thayuM hatuM. kacchamAM teo gurjara savAlanA nAme oLakhAvA lAgyAM. bhujamAM anupacaMda zeTha nAme gurjara jaina, kacchanA rAjamAM mAnabharyuM sthAna dharAvatA hatA. gurjara esavAla aMjAra, bhuja, mAMDavI, mundrA vagere zaheromAM vizeSa pramANamAM rahe che ane vepAra kare che. gAmaDAMomAM paNa vepArI tarIke ja patharAyelA. osavAla mULa kSatriya rAjapUta hatA. emaNe jene dharma svIkAryo hato. hAla jeo kacachI bhASA bole che te dazA ane vizA osavAla ja, rAjakIya asthiratAne lIdhe mAravADathI pArakara tathA siMdhamAM thaIne kacchamAM AvyAM hatAM. A pUrve teo osa, pArakara, golavADa, sAra, jAlera, jesalamera, rANa, IDara vagere pradezamAM vasatAM hatAM. teo kacchamAM AvI gAmaDAMomAM vizeSa pramANamAM vasyAM temaNe khetIne mukhya vyavasAya banAyA. ! jAma rAvaLe jAmanagara vasAvatAM keTalAka savAlo hAlAra gayA. jAmanagaranA savAle hajI paNa gharamAM karachI bhASA bole che.

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jaina sAhitya samAroha kacchanAM AsavAle mULa sIsediyA, paramAra, rADa, bhaTTI, cauhANa ane cAvaDA vaMzanAM hatAM. kacchanAM jeneAnAM Aje bAlAtAM nAmanAM mULa parathI eneA khyAla AvI zake che. kSetrasiMha parathI khetazI, jayava'ta--jevata, viSNusiMha-visanajI ke vasanajI, TakakarasiMhaTAMkarI, traMbAI-vejabAI, lakSmIbAI-lAbhAI, capA AIcAMpAI, ramA AI rAmaI vagere nAme banyAM che. 290 I.' sa. 1548 mAM - AjathI savA cArasA varSa pahelAM bhujanI rAjagAdI para kheMgArajI AvyA. temane A pada sudhI paheAMcADavAmAM jaina ti mANekamerajIe khUba agatyanA bhAga bhajavyA hatA. rAjAe temane upAdhyAyanI padavI ApI hatI. kacchamAM jaina dharmanA vikAsamAM matienA phALA paNa teoMdhapAtra che. kheMgArajI pachI kacchanI gAdIe AvanAra bhAramalajIe bhujamAM 'rAjavihAra' nAme. jaina derAsara badhAvyuM che. bhadrezvaranA jarNoddhAramAM kacchanA rAjye sArA phALA ApyA hatA. jaine! mahAjana kahevAtA, sArA haiddAo para paNa hatA, ane mAna meLavatA. AjathI savAse varSa pahelAM bhujamAM prAcIna vraja pAThazALA hatI. temAM jaina yuti kanakakuzaLajI zikSaNa ApatA hatA. piMgaLazAstranA abhyAsa mATe rAjasthAna ne gujarAtathI vidyAthI A ahI AvatA ane kanakakuzaLajI pAse zIkhatA. A vidyAya AmAM kavi dalapatarAma, dulA kAga, bhAvanagaranA rAjavi pIMgaLazI vagerene samAveza thAya che. kaccha-kADAyamAM savAseA varSa pahelAM zA. hemarAja bhImazI(janma sa, 1892) nAme gujmanA jJAnapipAsu gRhatha thaI gayA. dIkSA levA ha candrasUri pAse gharethI rA lIdhA vagara, mitro sAthe pAlItANA paheAMcyA, dIkSA na laI zakayA, gurue baMgALamAM murzidAbAdamAM

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kacchamAM jaina dharma 291 abhyAsa mATe mekayAM. tyArabAda anya sthaLoe pharI pharI jJAna meLavyuM, saMvata 1928 mAM koDAyamAM avaThaMbhazALA sthApI, je eka prakAranI vidyApITha ja hatI. gujarAtabharamAM AvI vidyApITha te vakhate eka ja haze, aneka zrAvaka-zrAvikAo mATe jJAnanI paraba mAMDI dIdhI. jyAre strIzikSaNane prasAra nahato te samayamAM bahene paNa saMskRta-prAkRtanuM zikSaNa meLavI viduSI banI, je te samayanA vAtAvaraNamAM krAMtikArI pagaluM hatuM. saMvata 1930mAM 'sadAgama pravRtti nI zarUAta hemarAjabhAIe DAyamAM karI. emaNe saMskRtanA ucca abhyAsa mATe ke vyakti ene cheka kAzI sudhI javA prerI hatI. 'sadAgama pravRtti dvArA jaina Agama ane zAstrane saMgraha ane abhyAsa thato. keDAyamAM prAcIna hastalikhita pratAno bhaMDAra ra. rUDhivAdIoe muzkelIo paNa UbhI karI chatAM hemarAjabhAI A badhuM te vakhate karI zakyA. ane koDAya "kacchanuM kAzI' kahevAyuM. A saMsthAnAM viduSI, hAlApuranAM sevAmUrti pAnabAI ThAkarazIe to AjhAdInI laDatamAM paNa bhAga lIdhe hate. karachanAM jaina paMDitaratnamAM che. ravajI devarAja vizeSa ullekhanIya che. prathama Agama "AcArAMga satra' no gujarAtI anuvAda temanI vidvatAno paricaya Ape che. "siddhAMta kaumudInA AdhAre saMskRta zikSaNa mATe pAMca pustikAo emaNe tauyAra karI hatI. "zatapadI bhASAMtara," sadguNa praza sA" vagere pustako emaNe lakhyAM che. bidaDAnA velajIbhAI sAdhanAmavALA jaina dharmanA ane maharSi araviMdanA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. bidaDAnA AzramamAM emaNe seMkaDo saMskRta, aMgrejI, prAkRta ane gujarAtInAM alabhya pustakone saMgraha karyo che, je Aje paNa sArI rIte jaLavAya che.

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292 jaina sAhitya samAroha - hemarAjabhAInA mitra kerazIbhAI je muni kuzalacandra banyA, emaNe samAjamAM pravartI rahela kurivAjo ane dharmanI zithilatA sAme sudhAraka vRtti apanAvI, " kacha gelaDAnA kavANacandrajI mahArAje sonagaDhanI saMsthA zrI mahAvIra jaina cAritra kalyANa ratnAzramanI sthApanA ane vikAsamAM khUba ja noMdhapAtra phALo Ape che. saMvata 1940mAM kacachanA patrI gAmamAM janmelA muni cAritrya-- vijayajI samayajJa sAdhu hatA. saMvata 1966 mAM cAritryavijayajI vArANasImAM yazovijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazALA calAvatA. zAstravizArada vijayadharma sUrijI mahArAja sAhebane maLyA, jyAM paMDito taiyAra thatA hatA. saMskRta, prAkRta ane Agamono jJAnayajJa niraMtara cAlu hato. vArANasImAM saMskRtano abhyAsa karyA pachI cAritryavijayajI pAlItANa AvyA ane yazovijayajI jaina saMskRta-prAkRta pAThazALAnI sthApanA karI. pachIthI samayane anurUpa vyAvahArika keLavaNInI zrAvake mATenI jarUriyAta samajI, A saMsthAnuM zrI yazovijyajI jenA gurukuLamAM rUpAMtara thayuM, je Aje paNa vidyamAna saMsthA che ane keLavaNInA kSetre sAruM evuM pradAna karI rahI che. saMvata 1968 mAM zetruMjI nadImAM AvelA pracaMDa pUramAM taNAtA mANasane karuNuvIra munizrI cAritryavijayajIe bacAvyAnI vAta Aje paNa gauravabhera yAda karavAmAM Ave che. upAdhyAya labdhimunie bAra jeTalA saMskRta graMthanI racanA karI che. AcArya devacandrasUri te zAstranAM avataraNe pRSThasaMkhyA sahita kahI zakatA. jitendrasAgarasUri, muni devacandrajI ane muni ratnacaMdra vidvAna sAdhuo hatA. 11 mA saikAmAM acalagacchanI sthApanA karanAra zrI Arya

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kacchamAM jaina dharma 294 rakSitasUri, zrI kalyANasAgarasUri, gautamasAgarasUri vagere mahAna jainacAryo thaI gayA. A paraMparAmAM vartamAnamAM AcArya guNasAgarasUrijI ane emanA ziSya muni kalAprabhasAgarajI vidvAna sAdhu bhagavaMte che. A guNasAgarasUrijIe 119 jeTalA graMthanI racanA saMpAdana karyA che. muni amarendravijayajI kacha bhujapuranA che. teo vidvAna lekhaka ane adhyAtmamArgamAM AgaLa vadhelA ane jaina dharmane AjanA saMdarbhamAM tapAsanAra nircantha sAdhaka che. * : bhujapuranI baMdhutrapuTI muniyandravijayajI, kIrti candravijayajI ane jinacandravijayajI mahArAja sAheba prakhara vakatA, lekhaka ane ciMtaka sAdhu bhagavate che. bidaDAnA yuvAna muni bhuvanayavijayajI abhyAsI sAdhaka che. AcArya rAmajI svAmI, bhANajI svAmI ane rAdhavajI savAmI hAla kacchamAM dharmata dIptimAna rAkhanAra, custa saMyamanA upAsaka che. " 19 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM karachamAM jIvana kaThaNAIbhareluM hatuM, paNuM nIrasa na hatuM. dharA kasahIna hatI paNa mAnavIonAM haiyAM rasapUrNa hatAM. evA samayamAM kacchanA eka sapUte potAnuM samagra jIvana dharma ane tatvajJAnanI prAcIna hastapratonI jALavaNI, taiyA' tenAM saMpAdana, mudraNa ane prakAzanamAM samapI dIdhuM. te hatA kacchanA abaDAsA vibhAganA maMjala relaDiyA gAmanA zrAvaka bhImazI. mANeka.. - tyAre bhAratamAM mudraNakaLAne hajI bAlyakALa hato. dIrghadraSTA bhImazI mANeka mudraNanuM mahattva samajatA hatA. temaNe te vakhate dharmanA pavitra samRddha sAhityane vyavasthita rIte, yogya saMpAdana karI, prakAzita na karyuM heta te keNu jANe keTaluM badhuM virala sAhitya kayAM ya vilIna thaI jAta ! emaNe A bhagIstha kArya pAchaLa potAnI jAta ghasI nAkhI. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe noMdhyuM che, ke "dharmapustake chapAvavAmAM pahela karanAra - jaina zrutaprasAraka zrAvaka bhImazI mANeka hatA."

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jaina sAhitya samAroha I. sa. 1865 mAM bhImazIbhAIe mundrAnA potAnA mitra kalyANujIne peAtAnI sAthe lIdhA. kalyANubhAIna jaina dharmAMnI mahattvatI hastapratA ekaThI karavAnuM duSkara kAma sAMpyuM. aMdhakAramAM paDelA e amUlya khajAnAnI zedhamAM kalyANujIbhAIe gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane vArANusIne pravAsa karyo. te vakhate rUpiyA dasa hajAra jevI mAtabara rakama cUkavI ghaNI hastapratA ane graMthA lAvyA. enA prakAzananI emaNe pahela karI. sauprathama emaNe 'prakaraNaratnAkara'nA cAra bhAganA prakAzana mATe rUpiyA eka lAkhane kharUM karyAM hatA, jene prathama bhAga muMbainA khyAtanAma niyasAgara presamAM chapAye hatA, ane I. sa. 1876 mAM prakAzita thayA hatA, e gra MthanI prastAvanA-mAM jJAnapipAsu zrAvaka bhImazI mANeka lakhe cheH prinTiMga presanuM mUlya AchuM na AMkavuM joIe. prAcIna vidvAneA tathA AcAryAnA samRddhi samRddha vArasAnI jALavaNI tathA tenA pracAra ane prasAra mudraNa dvArA ja zakaya banaze. " << 194 I. sa. 1876 mAM emaNe 'prakaraNa ratnAkara'nA bIjo bhAga, 9. sa. 1878mAM trIjo bhAga ane I. sa. 1881mAM ceAthe bhAga prasiddha karyAM hatA. cAre bhAganuM sa MpAdana bhImazI mANeke peAte karyuM" hatuM, ane te muMbaInA niyasAgara presamAM chapAyA hatA. A gaMjAvara kAmanI sAtheAsAtha emaNe pAMDavacaritranuM bAlAva-eAdha', 'sArtha pratikramaNusUtra", samyaktvamUla khAra vratanI TIpa, vividha pUjAsa greDa', 'sUyagaDAMgasUtra' vagere graMthAnuM prakAzana paNa karyuM hatuM. dhanAM pavitra zAstrA ane graMthAnuM prakAzana na karavA mATe jUnavANIe taraphathI bhImazI mANeka upara dabANu AvyuM hatuM. paNa emaNe ekale hAthe AvI umadA pravRtti karavA kamara kasI hatI. AvA dhuraMdhara zrAvaka bhImazI mANeke lagabhaga 300 jeTalAM pustakeAnu prakAzana karyuM... hatuM. I. 1891mAM emanu` dehAvasAna thayuM hatuM.

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kacchamAM jaina dharma 295 sauMpAdaka--prakAzaka bhImazInI vAta karatAM khInna eka vidvAna paMDitanuM nAma yAda Ave che. te che paDita teDuM lAlana. mULa managaranA paNu kaccha mAMDavImAM vasavATa karatA vizA ozavALa jaina kuTuMbamAM teMhacaMdaneA janma tA. 1-4-1857 nA rAja mAMDavI mukAme thayeA hatA, pitA kapUraca6 jerAma ane mAtA lAdhIbAI. kuMtecaMdanA dharma patnInuM nAma meAMghIbAi ane putranu nAma ujjama paMDita phatehacaMde potAnI kArakirdInI zarUAta dharma zikSaka tarIke muMbaImAM karI hatI. amerikAmAM sADAcAra varSI rahI temaNe jaina dharma vize suMdara pracanA ApyAM hatAM. paDita lAlane bIjA keTalAka vidvAneAnA sahakArathI mahAvIra bradharahuDa' nAme saMsthA laMDanamAM sthApI hatI, jenA pramukha harakha vorana ha11 ane ma`trI elekajhAnDara gAraDana hatA. I. sa. 1901mAM lAlana bhArata pAchA AvyA. 1936 mAM pharIthI temA AcArya vijayavallabhasUrIzvarajInI preraNAthI iMglaeNnDa gayA. tyAM sAta mAsa rahI jaina vanA siddhAMta samajAvyA. aneka bhASAnA jANukAra ane tattvaciMtaka tarIke paMDita lAlana deza-paradezamAM prakhyAta thayA. emanuM pustaka 'gaeNspela oNpha maeNna' khUba prasiddhi pAmyuM hatuM. emaNe 26 pustakrA lakhyAM che, jemAM 'divya peAtidarzana', 'mAnavagItA', 'samAdhizataka' vagerenA samAveza thAya che. 'samAdhizataka'nuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara harabarTa vArane 1914mAM prasiddha karyuM na hatuM. bhASaNakAra 'e zIrSakanuM takatRtvakaLA vizenuM traNa khaMDamAM vaheMcAyeluM emanu pustaka emanA adhyayananI gahanatAne! paricaya Ape che. paMDita lAlana potAnA jJAnane lIdhe peAtAnA samaya karatAM ghaNA agaLa hatA. tethI rUDhicusta sAthe emane bhAre samAM AvavuM

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26 jaina sAhitya samAroha paDeluM. emane saMgha bahAra kADhavAnI hilacAla paNa thayelI. pAtaMjala ane jena yogane samanvaya e emanA ciMtanane mukhya viSaya hato. tA. 7-12-1953 nA roja 96 varSanI vaye paMDita phatehagaMda lAlana jAmanagara mukAme svargavAsI thayA hatA. kacchanA bIja eka vidvAna zivajI devazI maDhaDAvAlA thaI gayA, jemaNe paNa koDAyanI 'sadAgama pravRttinI pAThazALAmAM abhyAsa karyo hato. paMDita sukhalAlajI vArANasInI thazevijaya jaina pAThazALAmAM vi. saM. 1960 mAM saMskRtane abhyAsa karavA gayA hatA tyAre zivajIbhAI paNa tyAM abhyAsa karatA hatA. maDhaDAvAlAe pAlItANAmAM saM. 1959mAM chAtrAlayanI sthApanA karI hatI, jene sara vasanajI trikamajI ane khetazI khAMthazIe rUpiyA pacAsa-pacAsa hajAranuM dAna ApyuM hatuM. | kacchanAM jaina tIrthomAM bhadrezvara mahAtIrtha pachI kacchanA abaDAsA tAlukAnI paMcatIthI mahatvanI gaNAya che. sutharI, koThArA, jakha, naliyA ane terAnAM derAsara karachanAM derAsaramAM namUnedAra che.' suthara (susthalI)mAM vi. saM. 1721 mAM udezI zAhe dhRtakalela pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanuM mane hara jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM che. A ni pratimA vize camatkAranI ghaTanA pracalita che. phoThArAmAM 19mI sadInI zarUAtamAM baMdhAyela mere prabhu jinAlaya che. zeTha kezavajI nAyaka, velajI mAlu ane zivajI neNazIe vi. saM. 1914mAM zAMtinAtha prabhunuM jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM che. - jakhaumAM vi. saM. 1905 mAM zrI muktisAgarasUrinA upadezathI jIvarAja ratanazIe mahAvAra svAmInuM jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM che. naliyAmAM vi. saM. 1897 mAM narazI nAthAe candraprabhunuM jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM che. - -

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karachakyAM jaina dharma " terAmAM vi. saM. 1915 mAM motA hIrajI DosA ane pAra rAyamale jirAvalI pArzvanAthanuM jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM che. A paMcama tIthInAM jinAlaye temanI kalAkArIgarIne lIdhe mane hara che vi. saM. 1983 mAM saMghavI nagInadAsa karamacaMda pATaNathI pa000 yAtrikano saMgha laI kaccha AvyAnI noMdha ahIM maLe che. ' kacchI dazA ozavALa jJAtimAM naliyA gAme AjathI bese varSa pahelAM saM. 1840mAM janmela narazI nAthA jJAtiziromaNi tarIke paMkAyA hatA. saMvata 180mAM karachathI bhATiyAoe muMbaI AvavAnI zarUAta karI. saMvata 1840mAM dazA ozavALA AvyA. sara jamazedajI TATAe eka vakhata kaheluM ke vepAranA kharA sukAnIo mAtra kacchIo ja che, kAraNa ke jagatanA vepAranI jaDarU ane anAja che ane te vepAra kacchIonA hAthamAM che. dharmapremI narazI nAthAe saMvata 1889 mAM muMbaI majida baMdara pAse anaMtanAthajI jinAlaya baMdhAvyuM hatuM. zatruMjaya parvata para AvelAM jaina derAsaramAM eka derAsara narazI nAthAe baMdhAvyuM che. tethI pAlItANuM tIrthanI nava TUMkamAM e Traka candraprabhu jinAlayavALI, "narazI nAthAnI TUka'nA nAme prasiddha che. - narazI nAthAnI sAthe ja jemanuM nAma bolAya che te te kezavajI nAyaka. saM. 1875mAM janma, vatana kacchanuM koThArA gAma. kezavajI nAyaka muMbaInA zreSThiryomAMnA eka hatA. te samaye sara kAvasajI jahAMgIra ane kezavajI nAyaka pAse ja cAra ghoDAnI gADI hatI. pAlItANAmAM eka TUka "kezavajI nAyakanI Traka tarIke oLakhAya che. karachI vIzA ozavALa jJAtimAM rAvabahAdura ravajI sejapAra, meghajI sojapAra, velajI lakhamazI napU ane khImajI mAMDaNa bhujapuriyA sAmAjika unnatinAM agresara hatA. AjathI 120 varSa pahelAM kacchanA sutharI gAmamAM saMvata 1922mAM janmela vasanajI dAnavIra zreSThi hatA. te vakhate jaina

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298 jaina sAhitya samAroha samAjamAM "sarane ilkAba meLavanAra je juja mahAnubhA hatA. temAM emano samAveza thato hato. te samayamAM sara vasanajI trikamajIe paMdara lAkha rUpiyA jeTalI rakamanI dhArmika, sAmAjika ane vaidakIya kSetre sakhAvate karI hatI. tethI temane sakhAvate mazahUrane khitAba paNa maLyo hato. saM. 1967mAM muMbaInI royala insTiTayuTa oNpha sAyansane emaNe be lAkha pacIsa hajAra rUpiyA jeTalI rakamanuM dAna ApyuM hatuM. aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI sara vasanajI trikamajIne tA. 20-12-1911nA reja nAITahuDano khitAba maLyA hatA. rayala InsTiTayUTa epha sAyansanI lAyabrerI emanA nAmathI Aje paNa cAle che. sutharInA bIjA dAnavIra khetazI khIMyazI dhulAne janma saM. 1911mAM thayo hato. temaNe saMvata 1956 mAM kaccha-DAlAramAM paDelA chappaniyA dukALamAM manuSya ane prANuone bacAvavA bAra lAkha rUpiyA jeTalI sakhAvata karI hatI. zeTha khetazI khIlazIe paMDita madanamohana mAlaviyAe sthApela banArasa hindu yunisiTImAM eka lAkha rUpiyAnuM dAna ApyuM hatuM ane tyAM jene cera mATe cALIsa hajAra rUpiyA ApyA hatA. emanA putra hIrajI zeThe pUnAnI bhAMDArakara oriyenTala rIsarca insTiTayUTane rUpiyA pacAsa hajAranuM dAna ApyuM hatuM, ane jenenA hastalikhita graMtha mATe rUma baMdhAvI ApI hatI, khetazI khIMyazIe karelI pragaTa sakhAvate che rUpiyA pacIsa lAkhathI vadhu thAya che. AjathI pacIseka varSa pahelAM kacchanAM ghaNuM gAmomAM jenI vasati khUba ja sArA pramANamAM hatI. jene kacacha pradezanI ghaNI sevA karI che. jena vasativALAM gAmomAM zALA, pustakAlya, sArvajanika davAkhAnuM, pAMjarApoLa jevI suvidhAo emaNe ja UbhI karI hatI. hajI paNa duSkALa jevI kudaratI ApattimAM jene koI paNa jAtanA bhedabhAva vagara kacchane paDakhe UbhA rahe che.

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karavI mALamAM kasAI cAlu na karachamAM jaina dharma 29kacchamAM kadAca vidvAne ochA pAkyA haze paNa AcAradharma sArI rIte paLAto. ahiMsA ane jIvarakSA mATe paryuSaNa daramyAna amArinuM pAlana thatuM, jemAM bhaThThIonA cUlA baMdha rahetA, luhAra kaDhanI bhaThThI baMdha rAkhatA, bebI kapaDAM mATe bhaTTa cAlu na kare, kaMI mIThAI mATe paNa cUle na saLagAve, kasAI ane mAchImAre paNa pitAnuM kAma baMdha rAkhe. mAchImArone te jaina taraphathI anAja ApavAmAM AvatuM. dhaNa gAmamAM e hajI cAlu che. hajI paNa pUnama: ane amAsanI pAkhI pALavAmAM (5khavADiye baMdha rAkhavAmAM) Ave. che ane gAmanA kheDUta, majUra, baLada, badhAne rajA hoya che. karachanA vikAsa ane sukhAkArImAM sAhasika jene phALe. nedhapAtra che. jenonI dAnabhAvanAthI kacchamAM mAnavadharma gatizIla rahyo. che. kaccha bahAra muMbaI ane anyatra vaselAM jenee pitAnA dharmasaMskArane pratApe dhArmika, sAmAjika, zaikSaNika ane tabIbI sevAo mAM. satata bahumUlya pradAna karyuM che ane Aje paNa karI rahyA che. [saMdarbha : (1) zrI mAvajI ke. sAvalAne lekha, (2) aMcala gacha digdarzana, saM. zrI pa.]

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jaina darzana ane samAdhi maraNa cImanalAla ema. zAha-kalAdhara' jaina darzanamAM 'juvo malo' -- duHkha ane karmAMnA kSaya karanArA samAdhi maraNanI vizeSa mahattA AMkavAmAM AvI che. A sAra saMsAramAM paribhramaNa karavA chatAM asamAdhine lIdhe AtmA keme karIne sa'sAranA aMtane pAmyA nathI. A ve cAreya gatimAM bhramaNa karI anaMtAnaMta duHkheA bhogavyAM che. kAI apUrva puNyanA udayathI A jIva manuSyanA avatAra pAmyA che, uttama kuLamAM utpanna thayA che ane tene dharmanI zreSTha evI sAmagrI prApta thaI che. manuSyajIvanamAM ATalI suMdara sAmagrI prApta thaI hoya tyAre tene sadupayega karI arihaMta paramAtmAnA mahA mAMgalakArI Alakhana dvArA puNyazALI chaveA samAdhi mRtyune pAmavA prayatna kare che. A zarIra jotajotAMmAM utpanna thayuM che ane jotajotAMmAM nAza pAmavAnuM che. tethI A zarIranI kAI mamatA karaze! nahi. A saMsAramAM bhramaNu karatI vakhate anaMta vakhata navA navA bhava ane anaMtAnaMta zarIra dhAraNa karyAM che. janma ane maraNa e ane sAthe ja hAya che, kSaNe kSaNe te maraNa thAya che, paNa mAhathI vikaLa evA A jIvane tenI kAMI khabara paDatI nathI. huM te jJAnadRSTie karIne sa` pudgalanuM svarUpa jANu chuM. A zarIrane huM pADeAzI chuM, zarIra e mAruM rUpa nathI. huM teA cetana dravya chuM ane AnaMda e mAruM svarUpa che. A zarIra tA pudgalane piMDa che. bhramajALa e apa che, saDavuM, paDavuM ane nAza pAmavuM e pudgalanA

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jaina darzana ane samAdhi maraNa 301 dharmasvabhAva che, sthiti pAke tyAre e kSaNa vAra rahetuM nathI, e rahasya tame samaje. anaMtA paramANu bhegA thaIne A zarIrane. paryAya thayo che. varNa Adi ghaNA prakAre maLyA che te kALe karIne. vikharAI jAya che. pudgalathI deha pAmelA jIvane e anupama lAge che paNa je tattvajJAnI che tene zarIranI sAthe koI jAtane mithyA. sneha hotA nathI. mRtyumArga pravRttasya, vItarAgo dadAtu me / samAdhibodhau(dhI) pAtheyaM, yAvanmuktipurI puraH / / arthAta mRtyunA mArge pasAra thatA, jyAM sudhI huM (pura ) A. zarIrarUpI nagarIthI muktipurI nAmanI nagarIe pahoMce tyAM sudhI, vItarAgadeva mane samAdhi ane badhabedhi), e bene bhAtArUpe Ape jaina zAstromAM janmane, vividha baMnenuM te kAraNa banata hAvAthI, heya kahyo che, jayAre maraNane to baMdhanamAMthI mukta karanAra, hovAthI upAya paNa kahyuM che. A kAraNe ja baMdhananI sAthe chUTakAra hoya tema janmanI sAthe maraNa hoya ja che. keI paNa janmele. maryA vinA rahetA nathI te paNa maraNane mahatsava banAve te janma saphaLa gaNAya che, kAraNa ke te sva-parahitakara banavAthI teno janma paNa prazaMsanIya bane che. tatvathI janma e Apatti che, paNa je janmathI maraNane mahatsava banAvI zakAya to janma saMpattirUpa banI. jAya che. tAtparya ke jemanI prazastatA ke azaprastatA maraNane AdhAre che. je maraNa mahotsava bane te janma prazasta bane, ane maraNa kalezarUpa bane te janma aprazasta bane che. bIjI vAta e paNa dhyAnamAM levA jevI che ke kaI janmamAM maraNano nAza karavAnI tAkAta nathI; jo te avazya mare che, maraNanI vyathA avazya bhagave ja che, paNa maraNamAM e tAkAta lAvI zakAya che ke jenAthI bhAvi anaMtA janmane te nAza karI zake..

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302 jaina sAhitya samArAha A tAkAta samAdhi ane edhi (meAdha) dvArA pragaTa karI zakAya che, mATe ahI vItarAgadeva pAse bIjI keAI yAcanA nA karatAM jyAM sudhI meAkSanagaramAM na paheoMcAya, tyAM sudhI samAdhi ane kheAdhinI yAcanA karI che, jo ke ahIM mULa gAthAmAM samAdhi ane bAdha kahyo che, teA paNa bedha eTale ahIM teneA artha dhi samajavAne che. kheAdhine a tattvathI kheAdha thAya che, tema beAdhane paNa tAttvika a kheAdhi thAya che. tattvathI e siddha thayuM ke maraNune mahesava banAvanAra, anaMtA janma-maraNAnuM nAzaka banAvanAra samAdhi ane beSi che, e kAraNe ja vividha sUtromAM samAdhi ane kheAdhinI mAgaNI karavAmAM Ave che. jema ke "jayavIyarAya sUtramAM - "" dukkhakao kammakkhao samAhimaraNaM ca bohilAbho a / saMpajjhaU maha eaM, tuha nAha paNAmakaraNeNa // "" 'legasa'mAM : " AA-yoAima, samAhivamuttamaM viMtu / '' 'arihaMta caiiyANa'mAM : : "" coddiAmavattiyA, nivasavattiyAC ' te uparAMta bIna' sUtromAM paNa A prAMtA jaNAvI che. anaMtA maraNa bhUtakALamAM thayAM, paNa maheAtsavarUpa eka paNa maraNa banyuM nathI, kAraNa ke janma-maraNanI paraMparA cAlu rahI che. mATe jayAretyAre paNa maraNane mahAtsavarUpa banAvavuM ja paDaze. te vinA karADe| upAya karavA chatAM janmamaraNanI paraMparArUpa A saMsArane aMta Ave tema che ja nahi. maraNane mahAtsava banAvanAra sabhASi ane kheAdhi che, teA tene prathama samajavA te anivAya che.

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ha03 jenA darzana ane samAdhi maraNa tatvathI A saMsAra AtmAnA vikAsa mATenA puruSArtha mATe che. temAM mAnavajanma ane temAM bodhi-samAdhinI sAdhanA te aMtima sarvotkRSTa puruSArtha che. jaina darzanamAnya anAdi nigada avasthA te garbhAvasthA che. jema mAnavajanmamAM garbhAvasthA, janma pachI bAlyAvasthA, yovana pachI prauDhAvasthA, vRddhAvasthA ane pachI maraNa vagere zarIranI avasthAo kramazaH anubhavAya che, tema jIvane je samagra saMsArakALa te AtmAnI garbhAvasthA che. te pUrNa thatAM vyavahArarAzinI prApti thAya che. te AtmAne janma che; ane bALakanI jema ajJAnamUDhapaNe cAre gatimAM paribhramaNa te bAlyAvasthA che. temAM karmane vivarane pAmIne kALaparipAka thatAM samyagadarzananI prApti te samajaNa-jJAnarUpa yauvanaprApti che. te pachI sva-sAmarthya pramANe vikAsa karato dezavirati ke sarvavirati cAritrane ArAdhe te tenI badhi-prAptivALI paNa pramAdayukta samAdhirahita proDhAvasthA che. pachI jyAre saMsAranAM sukhothI tRpta thayelo - thAkelA jyAre te AtmA samAdhine anveSaka bane che, atyaMtara sukhanI zodha kare che, tyAre te vRddhAvasthAne pAmele gaNAya che. ane e samAdhine prApta karIne badha-samAdhi dvArA mRtyune mahesUvarUpa banAve che, tyAre paMDita-paMDita bharaNathI marelo te saMsAra nATakathI mukta thAya che, arthAt sarvotkRSTa aMtima vikAsane pAmI ajarAmara banelo te anaMtAnaMta svAbhAvika sukhane bhaktA bane che. A avasthAone anusarIne vividha rIte maratA jIvanAM maraNanA paNa zAstramAM pAMca prakAro kahyA che: 1. paDita paMDita maraNa, 2. paMDita maraNa, 3. bAla-paMDita maraNa, 4. bAla bharaNa ane 5. bAla-bAla maraNa. temAM paheluM maraNa vikAsanA aMtima prakarSane pAmelA vItarAgane hoya che, bIju

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304 jaina sAhitya samAroha dezavirati sarvaviratirUpa prauDhAvasthAvALAne ane samAdhinI zodha karatA vRddhAvasthAvALA chadmasthame hoya che. trIjuM yauvana pAmelA (sAna-bhAna pAmelA) vivekI avirati samaktiIne heca che. cothuM bAlyAvasthAmAM paNa zANapaNa pAmelA dharmanI rucivALA bhadraka pariNati mithyAdaSTine hoya che ane pAMcamuM ati duSTa bAla-bAla maraNa mithyAdaSTi bhavAbhinaMdIne hoya che. e badhAM maraNane karato karato jIva jyAre chellI bedhi ane samAdhinA prabhAve aMtima paMDita-paMDita maraNane sAdhe che, tyAre te maraNa mahA mahensavarUpe bane che, kAraNa ke tenA dvArA anAdikALathI A saMsArarUpa raMgazALAmAM baMdhAyelA ane vividha avasthAone anubhavatA jIvanI emAMthI zAzvata mukti thAya che, arthAta pUrNa svAtaMtrya prApta thAya che. e kAraNe te maraNa nahi paNa bhAvi manuM maraNa karanAra, jarAne jarjarita karanAra ane anaMtA janmone ajanma karanAra AtmAne mahAmahetsava bane che. rAga-dveSanA pariNAmathI ghaNe karmabaMdha thAya che ane parabhavamAM ghaNAM duHkhane ApanArI nAraka Adi gati thAya che. mohathI mUchita prANuone ghaNuM rAgadveSa thAya che, temaja ahaMkAra ane mamatA paNa thAya che. tenAthI prANInI zuddhi ane buddhi cAlI jAya che. mahAmaha ane ajJAnathI sarva jI vyAkula thavAthI poddagalika padArthone viSe haMmezAM mamatva dhAraNa kare che. paraMpadArthamAM pitApaNuM mAnIne jIve pitAnA cittamAM ghaNuM mamatA dhAraNa kare che. ane vyAkuLa dazAmAM haMmezA varte che ane tethI pAra vagaranA vika thAya che. "huM" ane "mAruM" evA bhAvathI jIve anaMtakALa saMsAramAM paribhramaNa karyuM che paNa je jinezvaranI vANuM cittamAM pariName te mehaja jALa chUTI jAya che. mehathI vikaLa A jIvane pudgala pratyeno meha pAra vagarano che, paNa eTaluM samajato nathI ke te pugalamAM kaI sAra nathI.

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jaina darzana ane samAdhi maraNa 305 koI vastu IcchAthI prApta thatI nathI, kalpanA karavAthI vipatti dUra thatI nathI. paNa ajJAnI jIvane ghaNA vikalpa thAya che A rIte mamatAthI aMdha thayela ajJAnI ghaNA vikalpo kare che. A mamatA e moharUpI aMdhakAranI mAtA che, bhayaMkara krara mAyAnI rAtrI che, saMsAraduHkhanI e khANa che, te mamatAthI dUra rahIe temAM ja kalyANa che. mRtyu samIpa AvatAM samakitadaSTi AtmA mana-vacana-kAyAne sthira karI, khATalA parathI nIce UtarI atyaMta sAvadhAna thAya che. sihanI jema nirbhaya banI mokSarUpI lakSmIne varavA ane mokSanagaranuM rAjya levA pitAnA AtmA saMbaMdhI kArya kare che. jema mahA subhaTa yuddhamAM zatrune jItavA mATe dizAomAM ghaNI garjanA karatA raNabhUmimAM saMcare che, tevI rIte samakitadaSTivaMta chava pariNAmane sthira karI, aMza paNa AkuLatA rahita, dhIrajanuM ghara banI, zuddha upayogamAM vartatA, AtmaguNanA anurAgathI sarva padArthone tyAga karI paramAtmAnA dhyAnamAM lIna bane che. dhyAna karatI vakhate dhyAtA ane dhyeyanI ekatA thAya tyAre te ja AtmA paramAtmA thAya che. je samakitadaSTi-zubha zuddhivALe jIva che te mokSasukhane ja icche che, te rAga-dveSa AdinA pariNAmamAM kSiNa vAra paNa vartatA nathI. tenA manamAM koI paNa bAhya padArthanI IrachA hetI nathI, ane mokSalakSamI varavA mATe atyaMta utsAha dhAraNa kare che. AvI rIte aMtaraMga bhAvano vicAra karatAM te pitAne . AyuSyakALa pUrNa kare. tene koI jAtanI AkuLatA hotI nathI. te - jIva AkuLatArahita sthira hoya che. AtmAnuM sukha ke je AnaMda 20

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jaina sAhitya samAroha maya che, zAMta amRtarasanA kuMDa samAna che, temAM te snAna kare che ane pracaMDa AtmavIya pherave che. AtmAnuM sukha te pitAne AdhIna che. tenA samAna bIju keAI sukha nathI ema jANuM pitAnA svarUpamAM bahumAna dhAraNa karIne vare che. A rIte AnaMdamAM vartatAM zAMta ane namrabhAvapUrvaka pitAnuM AyuSya pUrNa karIne te buddhimAna jIva maraNa pAme che. mRtyukalpadrume prApte, yenA''tmAthI na sAdhitaH / nimagno janmajaMbAla, sa pazcAt kiM karisthati / / arthAt sukhaprApti karAvavAmAM ka9pavRkSa tulya maraNa pAmavA chatAM jeNe AtmAnuM hita na sAdhyuM e bicAro janmarUpI kIcaDamAM DUbele te pachI zuM karaze ? vizvane niyama evo che ke samatAthI duHkha bhogavanAranAM duHkha jAya che ane mamatAthI sukha bhogavanAranAM sukhe nAza pAme che. je duHkhamAM samatA rAkhI zake te ja sukhamAM mamatAne cheDI zake che. tattvathI duHkha duHkha nathI paNa AtmAnA AregyanI auSadhi che. te oSadhine je samatAthI khAya che, bhagave che, tenAmAM sukhane bhogavavAnI zakti yA kalA pragaTI zake che. jeo du:khathI Dare che, duHkhanA dezI che, teone sukha maLatuM nathI, maLe to vadhu duHkhI karyA vinA rahetuM nathI. te kAraNe prathama duHkha bhegavavAnI zaktine pragaTa karavAnI AvazyaktA che. jenAmAM e zakti pragaTe che tene sukha vinAmAthe maLe che. ane tene bhegavavA chatAM te tenAthI ThagAto nathI. svabhAvamAM sthira rahI paramapadane e pAmI zake che. e kAraNe ja cetana sarva dravyane vikAsa e krame ja thAya che mATI keTakeTalAM kaSTo bhegavIne pAtrarUpa bane che ane pachI paNa agnimAM tape che tyAre te kiMmatI bane che, anyane upakArI banI zake che.

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jainadarzana ane samAdhi maraNa 307 e ja nyAya AtmA mATe che. jyAre te vividha kaSTone samatAthI sahana kare che, tyAre te mAhAna bane che. ane anya ne paNa hitasvI banIne pitAnuM mUlya vadhAre che, pUjya bane che, ane aMte paramapadane bhogI bane che. ethI ja kahyuM che ke saMtApa upajAvanAra paNa maraNajJAnIne amRtatulya upakArI bane che. A kAraNe ja puruSo maraNane bodhi-samAdhi dvArA premathI svIkArIne mahesUvarUpa banAve che ane e rIte pite amRtatulya sva-para kalyANakara bane che.

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jaina sAhityamAM saMzodhana : eka daSTi bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA sAhitya zabdane artha vyApaka che. samasta vAr3a-mayane samAveza sAhityamAM thAya. ahIM jaina sAhitya eTale kevaLa jene dhArmika sAhitya nahi, paNa jenee kheDeluM samasta prAcIna bhAratIya vADra-maya, jemAM dhArmika sAhityane samAveza paNa svAbhAvika rIte tha ya. bhAratIya vADUmayanI-zAstrIya ke lalita vADamayanI eka paNa zAkhA evI nathI, jemAM jainenuM viziSTa pradAna na hoya. jena AgAme ArSa prAkRtamAM hAI prAkRta ane apabhraMzamAM dhArmika ane anya sAhityanuM lekhana tathA saMbaddha viSayanuM kheDANa jenee vizeSa bhAve karyuM che. bhAratIya vidyA jagatamAM saMskRtanuM prAdhAnya hAI khAsa karIne AThamA saikA pachI mULa prAkRta Agamagrantha upara saMskRta TIkAo racAI, saMskRta sAhityanA sarva prakAromAM jaina vidvAno ane kavioe racanA karI, eTaluM ja nahi, keTalAMka viziSTa sAhityasvarUpe vikasAvyAM tathA saMskRta ane prAkRtanA A be pravAhane saMgama baMne mATe lAbhadAyaka thayo. prastuta vyApaka viSayanI A TUMkI carcA ane saMkSipta paryAcanA kevaLa udAharaNAtmaka haze. - prAcInatama jaina sAhitya e ArSa prAkRta ke ardhamAgadhImAM racAyelAM Agamo che. mukhapAThe rahelAM AgamonI suvyavasthA ane saMkalanA tathA samuddhAra mATe prAcIna kALamAM paNa aneka prayatna thayA che. A skalei AgamavAcanA mATe mathurAmAM ane Arya nAgAjIne valabhImAM mRtadhara AcAryo ane zramaNanI pariSada vIranirvANa pachI navamI zatAbdImAM (IsavI sananI cothI sadImAM bolAvI hatI. paNa e baMne AcAryo parasparane maLI zakyA hoya

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jaina sAhityamAM saMzodhanaH eka dRSTi 309 ema lAgatuM nathI. vIranirvANa pachI dasamA saikAmAM, vIra saM. 980(athavA bIjI paraMparA anusAra vIra saM. 993)mAM eTale ke I. sa. 454(ke 47)mAM devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNanI adhyakSatA nIce valabhImAM eka pariSada maLI, jemAM jaina zratanI chevaTanI saMkalanA karavAmAM AvI, eTaluM ja nahi, sarva upalabdha Agama lipibaddha karavAmAM AvyAM. jaina sAhityika itihAsamAM A mahattvanI ghaTanA che, kema ke jainonA hastalikhita granthabhaMDAronI prAcInatA ethI nidAna pAMcamA saikA sudhI jAya che. (A vastune khAsa ullekha huM eTalA mATe karuM chuM ke jaina sAdhucaryAmAM AtyaMtika aparigrahanuM mahattva he I pustaka parigrahamAM gaNAyAM che ane pustaka rAkhavA ke lakhavA mATe paNa chedasUtromAM prAyazcittanuM vidhAna che ! e ja jaina paraMparAmAM jJAnabhakti nimitte grantha ane granthabhaMDAronuM mahatva keTaluM vadhyuM ane sAta kSetro paikI jJAnakSetre dhana vAparavAmAM mahatva puNya gaNAyuM tathA kArtika zukala paMcamI-jJAnapaMcamInA mAhAmyanAM aneka kathAnake racAyAM e paNa sAmAjika-dhAmika ItihAsa ane vaicArika utkrAntinI daSTie rasaprada che.) vaLI jaina dharmano uddabhava ane vikAsa pUrva bhAratamAM thaye ane AgAme pazcima bhAratanA valabhImAM lipibaddha thayAM e paNa sUcaka che. Arya Rndile taiyAra karelI jaina zrutanI mAthurI vAcanA devardhigaNie mukhya vAcanA tarIke sarvasaMmatithI svIkArI hatI ane Arya nAgArjunanI valabhI vAcananA mukhya pAThabheda vAre (saM. vAvanAntare) evA ullekha sAthe nedhyA hatA. e samayathI mAMDI Agamana arthadarzana athavA artha vivecana(Exegesis )nA viziSTa puruSArtho ane prayatne mukhyave pazcima bhAratamAM thayA che. Agamo uparanuM prAcInatama TIkAsAhitya - niryukti, bhASya ane cUNi - prAkRtamAM che; (niyuktio ane bhAgye padyamAM hoI eTalAM saMmizrita thayelAM che ke e baMnene * ke * ! !

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310 jena sAhitya samAroha bheda pADe keTalIka bhara prAcIna TIkAkArone paNa muzkela lAgyo che; cUNio gavamAM che.) AThamA saikAmAM haribhadrasUri ane zIlAMkadevanI saMskRta TIkAo thaI tyAra pachI saMskRta TIkAkhe ane vRttione mahAprAha zarU thayo, je lagabhaga arvAcIna kALa sudhI cAlu rahyo. e savano nAmollekha paNa ahI zakI nathI. paraMtu IsavI sananA agiyAramAM sakAmAM pATaNamAM AbhanAM nava aMge upara TIMka racanAra "navAMgIvRttikAra" AcArya abhayadevasUrinI TIkAono nirdeza ahIM ucita thaze. droNAcAryanA adhyakSapada nIcenI eka patipariSada e TIkAonuM saMzodhana karatI hatI. abhayadevasUrinI TIkAonI sahAya vinA, aMgasAhityanAM rahasya samajAvAnuM, pachInA samayamAM, vidvAne mATe paNa ghaNuM kaThina banyuM hota. A tathA e pachInI sarva TIkA-vRttiomAM kathAnakka prAkRtamAM ghaNuMkharuM hoya che e prAcInatara paraMparAnuM sAtatya che. ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM pazcimamAM vebare AgamasAhityano sarvaprathama vistRta paricaya jarmana bhASAmAM ApyuM enA aMgrejI anutrAda mATe juo. "InDiyana enTipharI,' pu 1-21) ane yAkobIe "kalpasUtra'nI vAcanA (lIpajhIMga, 1879). ApI. tathA mekasamUlara-saMpAdita "sekreDa buksa opha dha IsTa e graMthamALAnA be grantho(22 ane 45)mAM keTalAka AgamagranthanA aMgrejI anuvAda ApyA temaja e sarva prakAzananI prastAvanAmAM jena dharma ane darzananA svataMtra sthAna ane ItihAsa para maulika carcA karI vIsamI sadImAM zApenTiyara, lyumena, zubriga Adie AgamonAM keTalAMka viziSTa saMpAdano karyA che, paNa arvAcIna kALamAM zakya eTalA AgamagranthAne AvarI leto e dizAmAMne mahAna puruSArtha AcArya sAgarAnaMdasUrine che. mArA vidyAguru sadgata munizrI puNyavijyajIe mUla sUtra, niyukti, bhASya, cUNi ane

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jaina sAhityamAM saMzAdhana : eka dRSTi kAma vRtti-TIkA epamAMgI' sameta sarva AgamAnA zeSa zAstrIya sapAdana ane prakAzana mATe jinAgamaprakAzanI saMsadanI sthApanA karI hatI, paNa e vizaTa cenjanA sovazAt pUrI thaI zakI nahi. parantu enA eka bhAgarUpe mUla AgamAnAM, prAcInatama upala dha hastapratA upara AdhArita, sapAdaneAnI prakAzana-yAjanA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye hAtha dharI che ane temAM munizrI puNyavijayajIe pote taiyAra karelI keTalIka sUtravAcanAe A pahelAM pragaTa thaI che. munizrInA kAladharma pachI teonA nikaTanA kAryasAthI ane AgamagranthA tathA prAcIna hastapratAnA viziSTa abhyAsI zrI, amRtalAla pati tathA. mahAna manISI. ane adbhuta medhAvI munizrI ja dhruvijayajI dvArA ekAya uttama rIte AgaLa cAlI rahyuM che e satASanI vAta che. niryuktio ane lAkha. ati sakSipta hoI mukhaprAta karavA mATe cAyAM che e puruSTa che. emAM kathA AdinA prasaMge pAtta nirdeza eTale sakSipta heAya che ke viSayathI aparicita hoya ane bhAgye ja samana pakSu cUrNie mUla sUtreA uparanAM sarvaprathama vistRta vivaraN che. badhI cUrNiemAM praNetAone videza nathI, paNa sthavira agastyasiDa, zivana ivAya nibhadragaNi kSama zramaNu jinadAsagaNi mahattara, geApAlika mahattaraziSya - eTalA cUrNi kAra AcAryAMnAM nAma maLe che. ratalAmanI RSabhadevajI sarImalajI zvetAMbara sa'sthAe keTalIka cUrNi pragaTa karI che; enAM sa'pAdanemAM zAstrIyatAne abhAva che, paNa cUrNie sulabha karI ApavA mATe vidyAjgata e saMsthAnuM RNI raheze. chedatre paikI 'nizItha sUtra' uparanI cUrNinI pAMca granthAmAM sAileoNsTAilDa vAcanA AcArya vijayapremasUrie taiyAra karI hatI ane tyAra pachI upA dhyAya amaramuni ane muni kanaiyAlAlajIe sanmati jJAnapITha, AgrA

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kAra jaina sAhitya samArAha dvArA enuM prakAzana karyuM che. e sapAdana paNa sAdhAraNa che, paNa enI zrI. dalasukha mAlaviyAe lakhelI sama hindI prastAvanA nizItha sUtra' ane tatsaMbaddha viSayane lagatA eka svataMtra abhyAsagrantha che. cUrNi AnAM tulanAtmaka daSTie thayelAM zAstrIya saMpAdane munizrI puNyavijayajInAM che. temaNe sa'pAdita karelI agastyasiMhakRta 'dazavaikAlika' cUrNi ane 'disUtra' uparanI cUrNi prAkRta TesTsa sesAyaTI taraphathI pragaTa thayelI che. 'uttarAyana' cUrNi, 'anuyeAgadvAra' sUci ane 'Avazyaka' cUrNinAM teozrIe karelAM saMpAdane lagabhaga taiyAra che. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra"nI cUrNanA, temaNe saMpAdita karelA prathama bhAga pragaTa thayA che ane bIjo bhAga munizrI ja dhruvijayajI taiyAra karI rahyA che, vaLI 'AcArAMga sUtra"nI cUrNitA sapAdita pATha paNa jabuvijayajIe, munizrI puNyavijayajIe ekatrita karelI sAmagrIne AdhAre tAravyA che. mahAkAya 'nizIthasUNi'nI siddharAja 08siMhanA samayamAM lakhAyelI tADapatrIya hastaprata ( jemAM niyu kti ane bhASya paNa che) uparathI pratyutarA sAthe meLavelI nakala tathA 'bRhatkalpa sUtra'nI vizeSacUrNinI nakala ane pAyAntareAnI neAMdha, zro. amRtalAla paDita, puNyavijayajInA mAdana anusAra taiyAra karela che. tamAma cUrNi enuM saMpAdana ane prakAzana eka mahAbhArata kA che, pazu pasaMda karelI amuka cUrNinuM prakAzana vicArAya te te keTalIka rIte viziSTa agatyanuM nIvaDaze. upara kahyuM tema, cUrNi e prAkRta gadyamAM mULa sUtreAnuM vivaraNa che, paNa ghaNI vAra e gadya prAkRta ane saMskRtanA mizraNa ke saMkara jevuM heAya che tathA emAMnI prAkRta ane saMskRta baMnenuM svarUpa vyAkaraNa ke sAhitya dvArA jJAta enA svarUpathI sava thA vilakSaNa heAya che. atyAre keTalAka zikSitA vAtacItamAM ardhuM dezI bhASAmAM ane ardhuM. aMgrejI bhASAmAM kheAle

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jaina sAhityamAM saMzodhanaH eka daSTi 31? che, enA jevuM e nathI? emAMye vibhinna cUNionI bhASArIti vibhinna che. mAro eka tarka che (ane e mATe cUrNionI zailI sivAya bIjo koI AdhAra nathI) ke nidAna amuka cUNio upAdhyAya ke vAcake ziSyo AgaLa ApelAM pravacanonI nemadhanA rUpamAM che. emAM mRtaparaMparAe kaMIka parivartana thayAM heya. paNa cUrNionA svarUpane ane saMkara bhASAno khulAso bIjI rIte Apavo muzkela che. mAtra jaina dharma ane darzananA ItihAsa mATe ja nahi, paNa prAcIna bhAratIya lekajIvana, saMskRti, samAjadarzana ane lokakathAo mATe cUrNimAMthI prApta thatI sAmagrI amUlya che ane e dizAmAM gaMbhIra adhyayanano hajI mAMDa prAraMbha thayo che. "nizItha cUrNi" vizene banArasa hindu yunivarsiTImAM svIkArAyele zrImatI madhu senano mahAnibaMdha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama taraphathI thoDA samaya pahelAM pragaTa thayuM che. A saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza uparAMta tamAma navya bhAratIya Arya bhASAomAM tema ja kannaDa, tAmila Adi drAviDI bhASAomAM jaina sAhityanuM kheDANa thayuM che ane kannaDamAM to prAcInatama sAhitya e jaina sAhitya che. paNa bhAratIya vAyanA aneka prakAromAM kathAsAhityanuM vizeSa bhAve kheDANa jaina lekhake e karyuM hoI e vize mArA abhyAsanAM keTalAMka pariNAmonI ane tAjetaranAM DAMka prakAza nanI ahIM vAta karIza. "ona dhI liTarecara opha dhI vetAMbarAjha opha gujarAta (lipajhiga, 1922) e nAnakaDI pustikAmAM jarmana vidvAna johAnisa haTale vetAMbara jaina sAhityanI - ane emAMye kathAsAhityanI idaktA ane iyattA saMkSepamAM darzAvI che. jene ane bauddhoe lokavArtAo ane AnaMdalakSI kathAone dhArmika svarUpa ApyuM. guNacakRta "bRhatkathA" e isavI sananA prAraMbhamAM, paizAcI prAkRtamAM racAyela, Azare eka lAkha lokapramANane

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366 jena sAhitya samAroha AnaMdalakSI kathAne virATa grantha hato. e graMtha sadIo pahelAM lupta thaI gayA che. (AcArya hemacake "prAkRta vyAkaraNa'mAM pizAca prAkRtanA udAharaNa tarIke uddadhRta karela pUnama vanayavagia e gAthA. bRhatkathAnA maMgalAcaraNamAMnI che ema bhejadaivakRtasarasvatIkaThAbharaNa" upara TIkA lakhanAra gujarAtI varNika vidvAna AjaDa neMdhe che. eka lAkha kalekapramANanA virATa granthamAMnI mAtra eka ja gAthA pratye AvA ekAda pakSa ullekha dvArA AMgaLI cIMdhI zakAya che e paNa mahAkAlanI lIlA !) somadevakRta "sthAsaritsAgara ane kSemendrakRta bahakathAmaMjarsI' e nAmanA mRhatkathAnA be sAkSe suprasiddha che ane te agiyAramA sikAmAM kAzmIramAM racAyelA che. budhasvAmIkRta. "bRhatkathAkasaMgraha chaThThA saikAmAM naipALamAM rayA che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM vAmana bhaTTanI bRhatkathAmajarI' racAyelI che, paNa ene. jUja bhAga maLe che. guNADhaze ane enI mahAkathA vizenA prazaMsAbhaka ulekho saMktaprAkRta sahityamAM aneka sthaLe verAyelA che ane te evA te vivitra ane samaya che ke e viro eka nibaMdha lakhI zakAya. kevaLa enAM rUpAntaramAM ja nahi, paNa bahusaMkhya saMskRta kAvyanATako ane kathAmAM tathA bhAratIya bhASAomAM anekAneka kathAcakSepe luma bahakkathA' amara che. 5NuM enuM prAcIna tama prAkRta, gadA rUpAntara saMdhadAsagaNa vAcakata "vasudevadiDImAM. che "vasudeva-hiMDI? eTale vasudevanuM pariNAmaNa "brAhakathAmAM kauzAMbIpati uzanane putra navAhanadatta che, jyAre "vasudeva-hiMDImAM nAyaka zrIkRSNanA pitA vasudeva che. baMne nAthakanAM parAkrameribhramanuM varNana ane temane vividha nAyikAonI prApti e. baMnene mukhya kathA bhAga che. "bRhasthA'nI AnaMdalakSI vArtAone dharmakathAnuM rUpa ApavAno prayatna "vasudeva hiMDInA kartAe karyo che teo pote te che ke "kAmakthAnA vyapadezathI huM dharmakathA ja kahuM chuM." saMgha

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jaina sAhityamAM saMzodhanaH eka daSTi kAsagaNita "vasudevahiMDI prathama khaMDanuM saMpAdana munirza caturavijayajI ane munizrI puNyavijayajI e guru-ziSya karyuM che (bhAvanagara, 1930-31) ane enuM gujarAtI bhaSAntara, e viSayanI prastAvanA saha, meM karyuM hatuM (bhAvanagara, 1946) dharmasenagaNikRta enA madhyama khaMDanuM saMpAdana De. harivallabha bhAyANuM ane De. Ara. ema. zAha karI rahyA che. phenca vidvAna phelikasa lAkAtee guNADhathI bahatkathA" ane, tenAM saMskRta rUpAntara vize saMzodhanAtmaka grI 1008mAM pragaTa karyo ane reva. bArDe enuM aMgrejI bhASAntara karyuM. paNa 193031mAM munizrI caturavijayajI ane puNyavijayajIe "vasudeva-hiMDI" prathama khaMDanuM saMpAdana prasiddha karyA pachI bhAratIya kathAsAhityanA adhyayana ane saMzodhanane eka navuM parimANa prApta thayuM. ("vasudevahiMDInA ArSa prAkRtanI khAsiyata ane tenI gadyazailanI viziSTatAo ane keTaleka sthaLe prAceluM padyagadhI gadya e vaLI svataMtra bhASAvaijJAnika ane zelata adhyaktano viSaya che.) 1953mAM roma khAte maLelI AMtararASTrIya prAcyavidyA pariSazna egaNIsamA adhivezana samakSa rajU karelA eka jarmana nibaMdhamAM lyuDavIga A taDAphe bahatkathA" ane "vasudevarnahadIne sabaMdhe prathama vAra batAvyo(e. nibaMdhane sAra vasudeva-hiMDInA gujarAtI anuvAdanI prastAvanAmAM meM Ape che.) e pachI "vasudevahiMDI vize bhAratamAM pazcimanA dezamAM ane osTreliyAmAM aneka lekho ane mahAnibaMdha lakhAyA che. e dizAmAM chelluM mahatvanuM zedhakArya jagadIzacaMdra jainane, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira taraphathI gaye. varSa pragaTa thayele A grajI grantha che. "vasudeva-hiMDI" ane "bRhatkathAkasaMgrahanI tulanAne emAM samartha prayatna che te sAthe AgaLanA kArya mATe mahattvanAM aneka dizAsUcane che (purovacana, pR. 9-10).

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316 jaina sAhitya samArAha dekhItuM che ke A prakAranAM parizIlana kevaLa jaina sAhityanAM nahi, paNa samagra bhAratIya sAhityanAM che ane thAntaronA vyApaka saMdarbhamAM joie tA vizvasAhityanAM paNa che. bhAratIya kathAsAhityanA khIjA amara grantha poMcataMtra'' vize gheADIka vAta karuM. ene ThIka vigate abhyAsa karavAnI taka mane maLI hatI ane enA pariNAmarUpe, 'paMcataMtra'nA anuvAda sahita, e vizenA adhyayanagranthanuM prakAzana gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade sane 1949mAM karyuM hatuM, jenuM parizAdhita punarmudraNa hamaNAM thAya che. mUla 'paMcataMtra' I. sa. 100 ane 500nI vacce kAreka racAyu hatuM; e paNa bahukathA'nI jema lupta thaI gayuM che, paNa upalabdha pAThapara parAonI tulanAne AdhAre enuM punaTana (Reconstruction) OM krenkalIna eja ne karyuM che. atyAre je maLe che te mUla 'pAMcataMtra'nI vividha pAThapara parAe athavA varjhansa' che. 5 cataMtra'nI maulika ane prAcIna paThapara parAe nIce pramANe sAta che - (1) 'ta'trAkhyAyikA' athavA kAzmIrI 'pa cataMtra'; (2) dakSiNa bhAratIya 'paMcataMtra,' I. sa. nA chaThThA saikAnA prAraMbhamAM enI racanA thaI heAI 'paMcataMtra'nI prAcIna pAipara parAomAM ye te prAtana che; "(3) tepAlI 'paMcataMtra,' emAM mAtra leAkeA che ane te dakSiNa bhAratIya pAoparaMparA upara AdhArita jaNAya che; (4) nArAyaNa-mRta 'hitApadeza', enI AyeAjanA paMcataMtra' karatAM kaMIka judI che; enI racanA i.sa. 900 AsapAsa thayelI che ane baMgALamAM te vizeSa leAkapriya che; (5) 'kathAsaritsAgara' ane bRhatkathAmAMjarI'ataryaMta pacata ', spaSTa che ke bRhatkathA'nI kAzmIrI vAcanAmAM pAchaLathI kAIe p`cataMtra'ne saMkSepa dAkhala karI dIdhA haze; (6) pazcima bhAratIya pMcataMtra', je sa mRta jagatamAM sAmAnyataH paMcataMtra tarIke prasiddha che ane pAzcAtya vidvAne jene 'pacataMtra'nI

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jaina sAhityamAM sa zeAdhanaH eka dRSTi 317 sAdI vAcanA-Textus Simplicior tarIke oLakhAve che; A vAcanA gujarAtamAM thayelI che ane te jainakRta che e pramANeAthI niNI ta thayuM che; jo ke ene rDA ajJAtanAmA che; (7) pUrNa bhadrakRta 'pa'cAkhyAna', jeneA pAzcAtya vidvAna 'pacata Mtra'nI alaMkRta vAcanATextus Ornatior tarIke nirdeza kare che. A eka ja pAThepara parA evI che, jemAM nizcita racanAsamayane ullekha che. saM. 1255 (I. sa. 1199)mAM te racAI che; rtA eka jaina sAdhu che; kRtimAM racanAsthAnane ullekha nathI, paNa pUrNa bhadranI anya kRtie vize je mAhitI maLe che te jotAM pacAkhyAna'nI racanA gujarAtamAM thaI che emAM zaMkA nathI. peAte A prAcIna kathAgranthane jarNoddhAra' karyAM che ane seAmamatrInI vinaMtIthI tene sazadhita' karyAM che. evuM kartAnuM spaSTa vidhAna che. (mahApa`Dita meghavijaya upAdhyAye sa.. 1716=I. sa. 1660mAM pacAkhyAnendvAra' nAme A granthanA bIjo. udvAra karyAM che enI tulanA A sAthe karI zakAya.) pUrNa bhadratA dAve che ke pratyeka akSara, zabda, vAkaya, kathA ane zlAkanuM vizAdhana pAte karyu che. pratyakSa pratipada prativAkyaM pratikathaM pratizloka | zrIpUrNa bhadrasUrirvizodhayAmAsa zAstramidam // A vizAdhana ke saMskaraNa Adhunika arthamAM sa`pAdana nathI, hAI paNa zake nahi; e apekSA anucita che. para Mtu jUnI pAThaparaMparAenI azuddhio dUra karavAnA tathA maLI teTalI vAcanA ekatra karI, emAM sudhArAvadhArA karI, eka nUtana alaMkRta kathAkRti sarje.vAnA prayatna che. pUrNabhadrane potAne paNa e vastutA pUrA khyAla che, kema ke prastuta racanAnuM A krame pratyuttara khIje kAMya nathI. evuM vidhAna te sabhAnatApUrvaka kare che ~~

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jaina sAhitya samAroha pratyantara na punarastyamunA kameNa kutrApti kiMcana prAtyapi nizcayo me / bhAratanI pratyeka bhASAmAM "paMcataMtranI kathA paraMparA ane enAM rUpAMtaro eka svataMtra abhyAsano viSaya che. gujarAtamAM pazcima bhAratIya paMcataMtra ane pUrNabhadakRta "paMcAkhyAna'thI mAMDI Aja sudhI A ciraMjIva graMthanAM saMskRta rUpAMtara, arvAcIna bhASAMtare, sArAnuvAda ane vArtAsamucyayonI saMkhyA moTI che ane jena graMthabhaMDAranI saMsthAne kAraNe jUnI kRtionuM saMgepana sarasa rIte thayuM hoI ene atihAsika, sAhityika ane lekazAstrIya sAtatyanA adhyayanane aneka daSTie avakAza che. paMcataMtranI racanA bhAratamAM thaI che, e vizvasAhityane graMtha che ane jagatabharamAM eNe divijaya karyo che. duniyAnI bhAgye -ja evI kaI sAhityika bhASA haze, jemAM paMcataMtranuM bhASAMtara ke rUpAntara thayuM na heya. bhAratamAM enAM saMkalana, prasAra ane sAhityika sAtatyamAM jenenuM pradAna viziSTa che. jaina sAhitya e bhAratIya sAhityanuM kevuM avinAbhAvI aMga che ane baMnenA tANavANA kesa muMthayela che e darzAvavA mATe AvAM ekAda-be lAkSaNika udAharaNa paryApta che. chele, hastalikhita jaina graMthabhaMDAro viSe thoDuMka kahIza, kema ke bhAratIya sAhityanA abhyAsa, saMzodhana ane prakAzananI carcA karatAM - kaMIka punarAvRtti thAya to paNa - A graMthabhaMDAre vize vAta karyA vinA cAle ema nathI. jaina dharma e zramaNa saMpradAya che. buddha ane mahAvIranI pUrve paNa aneka zamaNAMprado hatA, jenAM ulalekha ke varNana triprinTa ane AmAmAM che. zramaNa saMpradAyamAM vaira thI dIkSita thanAra vyaktie adhikAze evI avasthAmAM hatI,

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jene sAhityamAM saMdhinaH eka daSTi 339 jemane svAdhyAya karatAM tapazcaryAmAM vadhu rasa paDatA hatA. vaLI na AcAranI vyavasthAmAM pustaka paNa parigraha hatAM paNa kalAkrame Agama lipibaddha hatAM. agAu kahyuM tema, graMthabhaMDAronI saMsthA astitvamAM AvI, tathA enI mAlikI vyaktigata nahi paNa sAmAjika hovAne kAraNe pustake sacavAyAM. pATaNa, khaMbhAta ane jesalamera jevAM prasiddha kendronI vAta na karIe to paNa gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane mALavAmAM jenonI ThIka ThIka vastIvALuM eka paNa grAmanagara bhAge evuM haze, jenI pAse pitAne jJAnabhaMDAra na hoya. vepArI gaNAtA amadAvAdanA jJAnabhaMDArAmAM aMdAje eka lAkha hastaprato che! dezanA A bhAganA jJAnabhaMDAromAM hastapratonI saMkhyA takka AchI gaNatarIe paNa dasa lAkhathI ochI nathI. jJAnabhaMDAre e kevaLa jaina dhArmika granthonAM pustakAlaya nathI, paNa jaina vidvAnonA upayoga mATenAM sarva sAmAnya granthAlayo che. praziSTa saMsakRta sAhityanI tamAma zAkhAomAM racAyelA lalita ane zAstroya vAjayanA vividha granthanI prAcInatama hastapratA A bhaMDAramAMthI maLe che. e sarvano nAmollekha ahIM karatAM nirarthaka vistAra thAya, paNa eluM kahevuM basa thaze ke evI kRtienI adhikRta vAcanAo mATe tema ja tulana maka dRSTie samucita mAni mATe jJAnabhaMDArAmAMnI jUnI hastapratonI sahAya levI anivArya che. vividha darzana, alaMkAraprantha ane praziSTa saMskRta kAvyanATake tathA kathAone UMDo abhyAsa zAstravyutpatti, kAvyaracanA ane sAhityaparizIlana mATe jemAM thato; tarka, lakSaNa ( vyAkaraNa) ane sAhityanI vidyAtrayInuM adhyayana pratyeka vidyAsevI mATe anivArya hatuM; AthI e sarva viSayanA prAcIna, adhikRta ane viddhanmAnya temaja chAtropayogI nAnA moTA grantha upara jaina vidAnoe TIkAo ke TipaNenI racanA karI che. (tatkALa yAda AvatAM

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320 jaina sAhitya samAreha ekAda-be lAkSaNika udAharaNa ApuM teA mammaTanA kAvyaprakAza uparanI sauthI prAcIna ane AdhArabhUta TIkAemAMnI eka mANi. kacacandrakRta'sa'keta' che ane 'kAda kharI'nI sauthI prasiddha ane sa mAnya TIkA bhAnudra-siddhicadra e guruziSyanI che. ) jainetara vividha granthA upara jaina vidvAnAnI vRttie ane vivaraNA e. aneka maulika zodhaprabandhAnA viSaya bane ema che. sa sAhitya ane saskRtinA itihAsa sAthe sacitra hastaprate saMbaddha hArTa eTale nirdeza prastuta che ke pazcima bhAratIya citrakalAnta vigate abhyAsa jaina bhaMDArAmAMnI dhArmika granthAnI temaja anya viSayeAnI sacitra hastapratAne AdhAre mukhyatve thaI zakayo che ane thAya che. va ka ane anya sAhityamAMnAM varNana ullekhAdinuM, prAcIna sthApatyeAmAMnAM zilpAnuM ane hastapratAnAM citrAmAM vezabhUSA tathA vividha dhArmika ane sAMsArika prasa'gAnA nirUpaNanuM sayAjana e tatkAlIna jIvananA pratyakSakalpa darzana ane adhyayana mATe atyaMta rasaprada che. gurjaradezanI zrImAla ane aNuhilavADa pATaNa jevI rAjadhAnIomAM tathA karNAvatI ane dhALakA jevAM duSyama pATanagarAmAM gaNanApAtra utkhananeA hajI thayAM nathI ane tatkAlIna gujarAtanI bhautika saMskRti vizenuM ApaNuM pratyakSa jJAna ( vipula sAhityasAmagrI upalabdha heAvA chatAM) alpa che. evAM utkhanA thaze tyAre enAM pariNAme samajavAmAM ane purAtattvIya avazeSAnA abraTanamAM sAhityasAmagrI uparAMta hastapratAmAMnAM sekaDeA citro ( jemAMnI ThIka saMkhyA have mudrita paNa thaI che.) upayAgI thaze. emAM zaMkA nathI. keTalAka ati virala jainetara granthe. pahelAM devaLa sAhiyi ullekhA dvArA jANavAmAM AvelA hatA athavA sAva ajJAta hatA

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jaina samayamAM sAdhanaH eka daSTi 321 te A bhaMDAramAMthI maLyA che. saMskRta sAhityazAstrane, kaho ke kavi-zikSAne, eka atimahatvane grantha rAjazekharakRta "kAvyamImAMsA' jenA prakAzanathI cimanalAla dalAle 1916 mAM gAyakavADujha eriyenTala sirIjhano prAraMbha karyo, "rUpakaSakam' zIrSaka nIce pragaTa thayelAM kavi vatsarAjanAM nATake jemAM samavakAra, IhAmRga ane Dima e saMrakRta ekAMkInA namUnAo che, jemanAM mAtra lakSaNe ja "dazarUpaka' AdimAMthI jANavA maLatAM hatAM; lokAyata darzanano ekamAtra upalabdha grantha, bhaTTa jayarAzikRta 'topalava" (paM. sukhalAlajI ane zrI. rasikalAla cho. parIkhe kareluM enuM saMpAdana gAyakavADjha eriyenTala sirIjhanA 87 mA puSpa tarIke 1940 mAM prasiddha thayuM che; piMDIcerInI phrenca saMzodhana saMsthAnA upakrame eka IjharAyalI vidyAthI ene dArzanika abhyAsa ane phrenca anuvAda karI rahyA che ); bauddha darzananA sauthI mUlyavAna grantha paikI eka, AcArya zAntarakSita ane temanA ziSya kamalazIlakRta (teo baMne nAlaMdA vidyApIThamAM adhyApake hatA) "tatvasaMgraha'; kaNAdanAM vaizeSika sUtra upara ca drAnandanI TIkA; vaizeSika satra uparanA prazastapAda bhASyanA vivaraNarUpa zrIdharAcArya kRta "nyAyakanDalI" uparanI ziThilamidevanI TIkA (A ziDilomideva dakSiNa bhAratane koI rAjavI jaNAya che); mahAna bauddha tArkika dharmakIrtikRta "pramANuvArtika je A pahelAM enA tibeTana anuvAdarUpe ja jANavAmAM hatuM; "mATharavRttithI bhina evI sAMkhya sutro uparanI be prAcIna TIkAo; paMca mahAkAvya paikI eka naiSadhIyacarita'nA kartA zrIharSanA vaMzamAM thayelA paMDita hariharakRta atihAsika nATaka "zaMkha parAbhava vyAyoga'; kauTilyanA arthazAstranI uttara bhAratIya paraMparAnA keTalAka aMze sAcavato apUrNa grantha "rAjasiddhAnta'; bhojadeve racelo gaNi kAjIvana saMbaddha

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jaina sAhitya samAreha daSTAMta-samuccaya 'za'gArama'jarI kathA', prAcIna kaiAsalI bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa AlekhatuM dAmeAdarakRta 'uktivyakti prakaraNa'; prAcIna marAThI bhASAne varNakapradhAna gadyagraMtha 'vaijanAtha kalAnidhi'; abdula rahemAnakRta apabraza virahakAvya 'sa'dezarAsaka', gaNitasAra'nA saM. 1449mAM racAyelA rAjakIti mizrata bAlAvabe dha, jemAM caulukayayugIna gujarAtanAM tAla, mApa ane nANAMnAM kASTake! pahelI ja vAra maLe che-- AvAM khIjA pazu udAharaNa ApI zakAya; paNa mArA vidhAnanA samarthana mATe ATalAM paryApta thaze ema mAnuM chuM. 322 jUnA gujarAtI athavA kaheA ke bhAru-gurjarI bhASAsAhityanI paNa pramANamAM prAcIna ane mahattvanI tathA anyatra anupalabdha jainetara kRtio jaina bhaDArAmAMthI maLe enA paNa nirdeza ahI karavA joie. bhImakRta 'hradayava<Page #342
jaina sAhityamAM sazodhanaH eka diSTa 323 praaA (Autograph Copies) aneka graMthaiAnI sulabha che. keTalAMka prasiddha jaina prakaraNAnA tathA kalyANamaMdira ane bhaktAmara jevA supracalita stAtrAnA judA judA bAlAvamedheAnI tA DajhanabaMdha hastaprato maLe ! eka ja kRtine judA judA samayanA lekhAe ziSyA ke jijJAsu gRhasthAne samajAvavA kevI rIte gadyamAM utArI che e vaividhyapUrNa pradarzana ! vAgbhaTakRta vAgbhaTAla kAra' ane bauddha vidvAna dharmIdAsagaNikRta 'vidagdhamukhamaMDana' jevA ala'kAragraMtheAnA temaja 'medhadUta,' 'raghuva'za' AdinA bAlAvabAdhA paNa che. jainAe kheDelA sa'skRta ane sAhityanA sarva prakArAmAM racAyelI kRtionA AlAvamedhA na heAya tA ja Azcaya ! A hakIkata kutUhala tarIke jovAnI nathI, paNa adhyayana-adhyApana ane jJAnArjananI vyApaka pravRttinI e dyotaka che. jUnI gujarAtIne gadyarAzi paNu A kAraNe vividha ane vipula che. bhAratIya AryabhASAvijJAnanA koSTa abhyAsIomAMnA eka Do. sara Ara. ela. Tare varSo pahelAM laMDana khAte vAtavAtamAM mane kahyuM hatuM ke bhAratIya AryabhASAkuLanI ekamAtra siMhAlI sivAya khIjI keAI bhASA pAse gujarAtI jevI ane jeTalI hastapratasamRddhi nathI. siMhAlInI samRddhi bauda maDhIne abhArI che, jyAre gujarAtInI samRddhi jaina jJAnabhaDArAne ! AzA rAkhIe ke vadhu vidvAne A svAdhyAyasAmagrIne upayAga kare ane bhale thoDAka paNa tejasvI vidyAthIe tAlIma pAmIne taiyAra thAya tathA e mATe emane yeAgya sahAya ane uttejana maLe temaja amanA yegakSemane samucita prabandha thAya. kr prAkRta ane jaina adhyayana' tathA 'jaina vidvAna' jevA zabdaprayAgA keTalIka vAra gerasamaja pedA kare che ane tethI anAvazyaka bhinnatAne bhAva kavacita pedA thAya che. parantu ApaNe yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke jaina dharma paNu, bIjAM daza neAnI jema, bhAratIya

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324 jaina sAhitya samAre jIvana ane vicArapraNAlInI sarvasAmAnya bhUmikAmAMthI uddabhavyo hato ane Aja sudhI teNe samakAlIna bhAratIya jIvana upara prabhAva pAvyo che tathA te vaDe prabhAvita thayo che. AthI saMskRta, prAkRta ane prAdezika sAhitya jevAM vividha mAdhyamo dvArA AviSkRta jaina dharma ane tatsaMbaddha viSayonA jJAnamAM umere e anekarUpe vyakta thayela bhAratIya saMskRtine vyApaka adhyayanane kSetramAM ja mUlyavAna pradAna che." ("saMzodhananI keDI," pR. 165).

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8 sItArAma ceApAI' Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha samayasuMdaranI rAsakRtiemAM sarvAMttama kahI zakAya tevI kRti sItArAma ceApAI' che. sAmAnya rIte samayasuMdara peAtAnI rAsakRtimAM tenI racanAsAla ane racanAsthaLanA nirdeza kare che, paraMtu sItArAma cepAI'mAM tevA nirdeza thayA nathI. tenuM eka kAraNa e hAvAne saMbhava che ke A sudIrdha rAsakRtinI racanA eka ja sthaLe thaI nathI ane eka ja varSamAM paNa thaI nathI. jo ke kavi sAmAnya rIte peAtAnI rAsakRtimAM rAsa pUrNa karyAMnI racanAsAla Ape che. eTale A rAsamAM sAlanA nirdeza kadAca thayA hAya, paNa hastapratAmAM e kaDA lupta thaI heAya evA paNa saMbhava che. kavie A rAsanA AraMbhamAM kahyuM che sa`khapUjana kathA sarasa, pratyeka buddha prabaMdha; naladavadanti, mRgAvatI, upai cAra saMdha.' --eTale ke 'sAMbapradyumna ceApAI', 'cAra pratyekabuddha cApAI', 'nalavanti ceApAI' ane 'mRgAvatI ceApAIe cAra rAsanI racanA karyAM pachI kavie rAma ane sItAnuM kathAnaka A rAsakRti mATe pasaMda karyuM che. samayasuMdaranI anya kRtienI racanAsAla ane emanAM cAtumAMsanAM varSoMnI sAla jotAM jaNAya che ke temaNe 'sItArAma ceApAI'nI racanA sa. 1677 thI 1680 sudhImAM rAjasthAnamAM metA, sAMcAra vagere sthaLe rahIne karI hatI. rAsanA chaThThA kha'DanI trIjI

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326 jaina sAhitya samAroha DhAlamAM kavie spaSTa nirdeza karyo che ke e DhAlanI racanA pote sAramAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna karI hatI. rAma ane sItAnuM kathAnaka sudIrgha che. samayasuMdare nava khaMDamAM te samAvavA prayatna karyo che. pratyeka khaMDamAM duhA ane sAta DhAla che. e pramANe duhA ane 63 DhAlanI badhI maLIne 2417 gAthA A rAsamAM AvelI che. racanA sudIrgha che tema rasika paNa che. kavi pote AtmavizvAsapUrvaka chellI DhAlamAM kahe che? mata kahe merI kAM jeDI, vAMcantA svAda lahe re; navanavA rasa navanavI kathA, sAMbhaLatAM sAbAsi dezya re guNa leo guNiyala taNe, mujha masakati sAhe je re, aNusahutA avaguNagrahI, mata cAlaNi sarikhA ho re." jaina paramparAnI rAmakathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNanI kathAthI ghaNuM daSTie bhinna che. rAmakathAnuM jaina dharmamAM paNa ghaNuM mahatva che. rAmakathAnA mukhya traNa puruSaSAtro - rAma, lakSmaNa ane rAvaNa-ne gesaTha zalAkApuruSomAM gaNavAmAM AvyA che. 24 tIrthakare, 12 cakravata, 9 balade, 9 vAsudeva ane 9 prativAde ema bhaLIne 63 mahApuruSe gaNAya che. temAM rAma e AThamA baladeva, lakSamaNa AThamAM vAsudeva ane rAvaNa AThamA prativAdeva che. jenA mAnyatA anusAra pratyeka ka5mAM baladeva, vAsudeva ane prativAsudeva samakAlIna hoya che. vAsudeva pitAnA moTAbhAI baladevanI madada vaDe prativAsudeva sAthe yuddha karI ene harAve che, tene vadha kare che. te pramANe AThamA prativAsudeva rAvaNane vadha thAya che. jaina paraMparAmAM prAkRta bhASAmAM rAmakathAnuM nirUpaNa ghaNuM kavione hAthe thayuM che. paraMtu temAM atyAre upalabdha prAcInatama mahattvanI kRtiomAM saMghadAsagaNikRta "vasudevahiMDI', vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariya' ane guNabhadrakRta "uttarapurANa' gaNAya che. e traNenI

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sItArAma cApAka 327 rAmakathAmAM theDIka vibhinnatA che, paraMtu mahattvanI badhI ghaTanAe samAna che. temAM zvetAmbara para parAmAM 'paumacariya' ane digambara paraparAmAM 'uttarapurANa'ne prabhAva vizeSa rahyo che; jo ke samaya jatAM e khate kRtione ekbIjAnI para parA para paNa vatto-Ache prabhAva paDacA vinA rahyo nathI. karyuM che, khAsa te eTalA samayasuMdare A rAsanI racanA mATe 'sItAcarita' nAmanI jaina paraparAnI eka prAcIna kRtine AdhAra lIdhA che. rAma ane sItAnI kathAmAM jaina ane jainetara ema be paraMparA che. ane jaina paraparAmAM paNa kthAmAM keTaleka pheraphAra jovA maLe che. AthI samayasuMdare pAte kaI kathAnA AdhAra lIdhA che te spaSTa mATe ke pote AdhArarahita bhinna kathana che. evA kAI deSa na kADhe mATe. rAmasItAnI thAmAM judIjudI paraMparAmAM ghaNA prasaMgaphera che eTale sAdhAraNa vAcaka ke zrotAne pete sAMbhaLelA ke vAMcelA prasaMge karatAM bhinna ke navA kAI prasaMga AvatAM zaMkA thAya e sahaja che. eTalA mATe samayasuMdara navamA kha'DanI chellI sAtamI DhAlamAM spaSTatA karatAM lakhe cheH . karyuM jinasAsana zivasAsanai, sItAra,ma carita suNIjai re; bhinna bhinna sAsana bhaNI; kA kA vAta bhinna kaDIjaI re; jinasAsana paNi jUjuyA, AyArijanA abhiprAyA re; sItA kahI rAvaNasutA, te padamarita kahevAyA re, paNi vItarAga deSTha kahyo, te sAcA hira saridahrajyA re, sItAritathI mA kahyo; mAtA chehaDA matagrahintyA re, huM matimUDha kasuM jANuM mujhavANu paNi nisavAde re, paNa je joDamai rasa paDayo, te devagurunA parasAde re.' samayasuMdare je 'sItAcarita' nAmanI kRtinA AdhAra lIdhe che te kaI kRti ? prAkRtamAM 'sItAcarita' ( sItAcara) nAmanI

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328 jaina sAhitya samAroha cAra judI judI kRti upalabdha che. emAMthI aDhI hajArathI vadhu gAthAmAM lakhAyela gadyapadyamaya caMpUAvya "ItAcAreta" (sItAcariu no AdhAra samayasuMdare lIdho hoya ema jaNAya che. e caMpUkAvyanA racayitA koNa che tathA emaNe e kRtinI racanA kyAre karI tene nideza maLato nathI. eka mata evo che ke A "sItAcarita'nA kta makasena athavA mahAsena hovA joIe. samayasuMdare sItAcaritane AdhAra lIdho che. paraMtu sAthe sAthe pote "paumacariya" paNa najara sAme rAkhyuM che, e rAsamAM temaNe be-eka sthaLe nirdeza karyo che. * prAcIna paraMparA anusAra kavi pitAnI A rAsakRtinI racanA arihaMtadeva, guru ane sarasvatI devIne namaskAra karIne kare che. juo : "svasti zrI sukhasaMpadA, dAyaka arihaMta deva, kara joDI tehanaI kahuM, namasakAra nimeva. nija guru caraNakamala namuM, trizya tattva dAtAra, kIDIthI kuMjara kiyau, e mujanaI upagAra. samaruM sarasatI sAmiNuM, eka karuM aradAsa, mAtA dIje mujajhanaI, vAru vacana vilAsa." sItAnI kathAnA AlekhananuM prayojana sAmAnya rIta zIladharmanA upadezanuM rahyuM che. paraMtu sItAcarita'nA kartAnI jema samayasuMdare paNa A rAsanI racanA pAchaLano uddeza zIladharmanA upadeza uparAMta zeDo vizeSa rAkhe che. e udeza che sAdhupuruSone mAthe moTuM ALa, mithyA kalaMka caDAvavAnA pariNAme mANasane kevAM kevAM duHkha bhegavavAM paDe che te batAvavAno. sItAjInA jIvanamAM paDelAM ghora duHkha te eNe pUrvabhavamAM sAdhune mAthe khoTuM kalaMka caDAvyuM, tene kAraNe che.

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"sItArAma copAI 39 kyAnI bhUmikA mAMDatAM kavi gautamasvAmI ane zreNika mahArAjAnA prasaMgathI zarUAta kare che. eka vakhata gaNadhara zrI gautamasvAmI rAjagRha nagaramAM padhAryA hatA, ane aDhAra pApathAna vize upadeza ApatA hatA. te samaye emanI parSadAmAM zreNika mahArAjA padhAryA hatA. sAdhu vagere para mithyA kalaMka caDAvatAM kevuM duHkha AvI paDe che tenA udAharaNa tarIke satI sItAnI vAta gautamasvAmIe kahI. te samaye zreNika mahArAjAe tenuM kAraNa pUchyuM tyAre gautamasvAmIe sItAnA pUrvabhavathI zarU karIne ene saMpUrNa jIvanavRttAnta jaNAvyo hato. kavi lakhe che : kalaMka na dIjai kehanaI, valI sAdhanaI vizeSi; pApavacana sahu parihara3, duHkha sItAnau dekhi. e aDhAra pApa ehavA, je kara pApI jIvo re, bhavasamudra mAMhe te bhamaI, duHkha dekhaI karaI rI re. valI vizeSa koI sAdhanaI, ApaI kUu Ale re; sItAnI pari du:kha sahaI, sabala paDaI ja jAla re" jaina kathAmAM karmanA siddhAMtanA pratipAdana arthe pUrvajanmanI kathA Ave e svAbhAvika che. sItArAma copAI'mAM sItAnA pUrvajanmane vRttAMta paNa nirUpA che. pUrvabhavamAM sItA vegavatI nAmanI strI che. e vegavatI mithilA nagarInA mahAna rAjavI janakanI putrI sItA tarIke janma le che. pUrvajanmano ahikuMDala sItAnA bhAI bhAmaMDala tarIke janma le che. paraMtu janma thatAMnI sAthe ja bhAmaMDalanuM apaharaNa thAya che. pUrva janmanA verane kAraNe madhupigala nAmano eka deva bhAmaMDalane mArI nAkhavA mATe uThAvI jAya che, paraMtu dayA AvatAM vaitADhA parvata para eka sthaLe ene cheDI che. rathaneurapura (rathanupUrapuranA) caMdragati nAmane ni:saMtAna vidyAdhara brAhmaNa ene laI jAya che, ane ene potAnA putra tarIke uchere

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33 che. A prasaMganuM kavie peAtAnI maulika kalpanAthI rasika Alekhana karyuM che. cakragati peAtAnI patnI azrumatIne kahe che, ' A Apaze. ja putra che. evuM leAkeAne kahIzuM. A putra tane ja janmyA che, tuM suvAvaDI che, te pramANe ApaNe lene batAvavuM che. leAkeAne kahIzuM ke gUDhagarbhA hatI mATe ATalA vakhata sudhI garbhanI khakhkhara na paDI. ema kahI te putrajanmotsava Ujave che. kavi e vize lakhe che : asumati ApaNI bhAriAnai, kai e tujha putra thayau, huM vAMjhi mAherama putra kahAMthI, vAta samajhAvI kahI. meTala je mAnuMkhA yAvaui, antapanna levau nahIM, mAtha mAMdhi mAhe sutI, phrAsa sUyAvADa khAya; putranai pAsiyADiya, ANaMda ami na mAya. jaina sAhitya samAroha Ai * gUDhagarabhA geAraDIe, putra jAya ima karaI, O mUtra sahu malI sahava gIta gAyai, hIya harakhama gahaMgahui sItA meATI thatAM janakarAjA peAtAnA matrIne sItAne yeAgya evA varanI zeAdha karavA mATe kahe che. maMtrI te mATe dazaratharAjAnA putra rAmanI pasaMdagI kare che. sItAnI sagAI e pramANe rAma sAthe karavAmAM Ave che. > samayasuMdaranI A rAmakathAmAM sItAnA svayaMvaranI koI vAta AvatI nathI. dhanuSyane prasaMga paNa judI rIte Ave che. sItAnI sagAI thayA pachI eka vakhata nAradamuni mithilA nagarImAM padhAryAM hatA. te samaye ajANatAM sItAe UbhAM thaIne nAradamuninuM svAgata nahi kareluM. ethI krodhe bharAyelA nAradamuni yuvAna bhAmaMDaLa pAse pahoMce che, ane enI pAse sItAnuM vana karI tene sItA pratye AkarSe che. ethI cadragatie janakarAjAne elAvIne bhAmaMDala mATe sItAnI mAgaNI karI. para Mtu sItAnI

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"sItArAma copAI 331. sagAI to thaI gaI che ema jyAre janakarAjAe jaNAvyuM tyAre caMdragatie bIjA vidyAdharanI sAthe maLIne janakarAjAne dhamakI ApI ke je rAma devAdhiSThita dhanuSya UMcakIne tenA para bANa caDAvaze. to ja te sItAne paraNI zakaze, nahi to teo baLapUrvaka sItAne upADI jaze. sItAne paraNavAnI abhilASAvALA ghaNuM rAjAe. AvyA hatA, paraMtu bANane aDatAM ja teo dAjhI jatA. jyAre rAma AvyA tyAre emaNe jotajotAMmAM dhanuSya caDAvyuM. TaMkArava. thatAM dharaNuM dhrujI UThI. kavi varNave che: "abhimAnI rAje ke UThayA, dhanuSa canuSa caDhAvA lAgI balatI AginI jhAlA UThI te dekhI naI bhAgA ati ghera bhujagama aTTahAsa, pizAca upadrava hoI; re re rahau haMsiyAra pAnAM phUDa mAMthau chaI keI.. vidyAdhara nara sAdhu dekhatAM, rAmaI cAlyauM cApa; TaMkArava kIdhau tANI naI, pragaTayau te ja pratApa. dharaNI dhrujI parvata kAMyA, zeSanAga salasaliyA; gala garajArava kIdhau diggaja, jalanidhi jala uchaliyA. apachara bIhatI jaI AliMgyA, Apa ApaNuM bharatAra; rAkhi rAkhi prItama Ima kahatI, ahanaI tuM AdhAra. AlAna thaMbha ukheDI nAMkhyA gaja chUTA mamatta; baMdhana troDi turagama nAThA, khalabala paDI turanta" Ama rAme dhanuSya caDAvyuM eTale sItAne atyaMta harSa thayovidyAdhara vacanathI baMdhAI gayA hatA. eTale sItA mATe Agraha. temaNe cheDI dIdhe; eTaluM ja nahi paNa rAmanI guNazakti joI teoe pitAnI aDhAra kanyA paNa rAma sAthe paraNAvI. tyAra pachI bhAmaMDalane jAtismaraNajJAna thayuM. e jJAnathI eNe.

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33ra - jaina sAhitya samAroha - jANyuM ke sItA te pitAnI sagI bahena che. ethI ene khUba pazcAttApa thayo. eNe caMdragatine vAta karI. ethI caMdragatine bahu duHkha thayuM. saMsAra pratye ene vairAgya thaze. bhAmaMDalane gAdI soMpI eNe dIkSA lIdhI. rAma, sItA, janakarAja vagerene jayAre A ghaTanAnI khabara paDI tyAre teone khUba harSa thaye. rAmanA vanavAsanI mukhya mukhya ghaTanAo vAlmIki rAmAyaNanI paraMparAmAM ane "paumacariyanI paraMparAmAM lagabhaga ekasarakhI che. jaina paraMparA pramANe dazaratha rAjAne traNa rANI che. emAM aparAjitAthI rAma, sumitrAthI lakSmaNa ane kekeyIthI bharata ane zatru ema cAra putrA che. vRddhAvasthA AvatAM dazaratha rAjA rAmane gAdI -soMpI dIkSA levAno vicAra kare che. tyAre kikeyI dazaratha rAjAne raNabhUmi para madada karavAne lIdhe maLelAM be varadAna mAgI le cheH (1) bharatane rAjyagAdI maLe ane (ra) rAmane vanavAsa maLe. ethI dazaratha rAjAne bahu duHkha thayuM. bharate gAdI svIkAravAnI nA pADI. paNa rAme to vanamAM javAno ja Agraha rAkhe. sItA ane lamaNe rAmanI sAthe ja javAno nizcaya karyo . rAma, lakSamaNa ane sItA ghara choDI cAlI nIkaLe che e prasaMganuM hRdayasparzI Alekhana kavie karyuM che. rAma ane lakSmaNanI mAtA kahe che? "ahanaI dukhasamudra maI re, ghAli cAlyA tumehe putra, kima viyega sahisyAM ahe re, kuNa vanavAsa kare sUtro re" teone AzvAsana ApatAM rAma kahe che ke ame jyAM jaIzuM - tyAM navuM nagara vasAvI tamane teDAvIzuM, mATe tame zoka ke paritApa na karaze. samayasuMdaranI A molika ka9panA che. kavi lakhe cheH rAma kahaI tuhe mAtajI re, ati na karisyau kAI; nagara vasAvI tihAM vaDau re, tuhanaI lesyAM teDAyo re."

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sItArAma cepAI 33. vAlmIki rAmAyaNamAM A prasaMge dazaratha rAjane vilApa AlekhAyA che. paraMtu jaina paraparAnI kathA pramANe, sauMsAranI AvI TanAothI dazaratha rAjAne vairAgya Ave che ane dIkSA levAnA e vicAra kare che. temanAM vacanamAM svasthatA dekhAya che. jue : jima sukha tima kariye| tumhe rU, huM lekha vratabhAra; viSama mAraga aTavI taNau re, tumhe jAyeM husiyArA re.' vanamAM pharatAM pharatAM rAma, lakSmaNa ane sItA 6sapuranagaramAM AvI paheAMcyAM. tyAM jANavA maLyuM ke dasapuratA vadha nAmanA nyAyI. rAjAne avaMtInA siMheAdara rAja sAthe yuddha thayuM che. lakSmaNe. siMhAdarane parAjita karyAM ane vajaghra ane si MhaiAdara vacce suleha karAvI ApI. AgaLa jatAM eka rAjakumAranA bheTA thayeA. vastutaH tA rAjakumAranA vezamAM te rAjakuMvarI hatI. te tyAMnA viAlikhila rAjAnI dIkarI hatI. vAlikhilane mleccha rAna pakaDI gayA. mATe rAja'varI rAjakumAranA vezamAM nagarI sabhALatI hatI. lakSmaNe rAjAne parAjita karI vAlikhilane cheDAvyA. AgaLa jatAM vanamAM eka gAmamAM rAma, sItA ane lakSmaNu kapila nAmanA brAhmaNane ghare pahoMcyAM. sItAne bahu tarasa lAgI hatI. eTale brAhmaNIe pANI pivaDAvyuM. eTalAmAM kapila AvI. paheAMcyA. te krodhe bharAye|. eTale lakSmaNa enA paga pakaDIne ene ghumAvavA lAgyA. paraMtu rAmanA kahevAthI eNe kapilane cheDI dIdhA.. vanamAM AgaLa jatAM varSAkAlamAM bhayaMkara varSAthI bacavA mATe. eka yakSe emane mATe nagarI banAvI dIdhI. tyAra pachI vijayApurImAM paheAMcI lakSmaNe vanamAlA nAmanI rAjakuMvarIne AtmahatyAmAMthI acAvI. te pachI bharata sAthe yuddha karavA mATe maneAratha sevanAra tAvanA rAja ativIya ne teoe parAjita karyAM. AgaLa jatAM.

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334 jaina sAhitya samArIha lakSmaNe peAtAnI zakti batAvIne zatrumana nAmanA rAjAnI jitapadmA nAmanI putrI sAthe lagna karyAM. tyAMthI teo va'zasthala paheAcyAM. tyAMnA rAjAe temanA utsavapUrvaka satkAra karyAM. rAmanA AgamananI yAdarUpe vazasthalamAM eka patanuM nAma rAmagiri rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. sItArAma ce|pAI'nA pAMcamAM khaMDamAM jaTAyudhanI kathAnuM nirUpaNu karI kavi rAvaNukathAne prAraMbha kare che. dakSiNamAM rAkSasa nAmanA dvIpamAM citrakRgira nAmanA parvatamAM laMkA nAmanI nagarI AvelI che. vazAzrava nAmanA vidyAdhara rAjA rAjya karatA hatA. aneA putra te rAvaNu. rAvaNane bAlyakALathI enA pitAe divya ratneAne eka hAra paherAvyA hatA. e hAranAM nava ratnemAM rAvaNanA mukhanuM spaSTa pratibiMba paDatuM hatuM. eTalA mATe rAvaNane dasamukha kahevAmAM AvatA hatA. enA 'rAvaNu' evA nAma mATe evI da takathA che ke eka vakhata bAlI nAmanA RSie ene eka pahADa nIce kacaDavA prayatna karyAM. tyAre rAvaNe 'rava' (arthAt rudana) karavA zarU karyAM eTalA mATe 'rava karanAra'te rAvaNa' evuM enuM nAma paDI gayuM : * muko mATe rAva, sabada tiNi, rAvaNa bIjo nAma jI; te rAvaNa rAjA lakAgaDha, rAja karaNa abhirAma jI.' jaina paraparA pramANe rAvaNanI bahenanuM nAma cadralekhA che. enA patinuM nAma kharadUSaNa. ene be putrA hatA : sammu ane sambuka. lakSamaNe sambukane bhUlathI mArI nAkhyA hatA eTale cakralekhA peAtAnA putranA hatyArAnI zodhamAM daMDakAraNyamAM ghUmavA lAgI. eNe jayAre rAmane joyA tyAre te mAhita thaI gaI ane rAmane Aka vA prayatna karavA lAgI. paraMtu jyAre te saphaLa na thaI tyAre te peAtAnA zarIra upara peAtAnA nakha ane dAMtanA prahAra karI vilApa karatI karatI peAtAnA pati kharadUSaNa pAse paheAMcIne teNe phariyAda

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sItArAma copAI 335 karI ke rAme enI cheDatI karI che. kharadUSaNe rAma ane lakSmaNa para caDAI karI ane temAM rAvaNanI sahAya mAgI. lakSamaNe rAmane kahyuM, tamAre yuddhamAM AvavAnI jarUra nathI. sItA pAse ja rahe. huM ekalo ja kharadUSaNane pUro paDIza. jarUra paDaze to huM siMhanAda karIza." lamaNe kharadUSaNanA sainyane harAvyuM. bIjI bAju caMdralekhAnI madade AvelA rAvaNe sItAne joI. te tenAthI mohita thayo. pitAnI vidyA vaDe paristhiti jANuM laIne lakSmaNane je ja siMhanAda eNe karyo. jaTAyudhane sonA sapIne rAma lakSmaNanI pAse devyA. eTale jaTAyudhane ghAyala karI rAvaNa sItAnuM haraNa karI gayo. jyAre lakSamaNa pAse pahoMcyA tyAre rAmane khabara paDI ke emAM kaMIka banAvaTa thaI gaI che. pAchA pharyA tyAre jaTAyudhe sItAnA apaharaNanI vAta karI. ghAyala thayelA jaTAyudhe deha choDyo tyAre rAme ene navakAramaMtra saMbhaLAvyuM. lakSmaNe kharadUSaNane vadha karI enA sainyane harAvyuM. eka vidyAdhara pAsethI sItAnI zodha mATe mAhitI meLavI. e mATe laMkA nagarI upara AkramaNa karavAnuM Avazyaka banyuM. sItAnuM haraNa karI rAvaNe tene devaramaNa nAmanA udyAnamAM rAkhI. sItAnuM hRdaya jItavA mATe rAvaNe ghaNA prayAso karyo, paraMtu temAM te niSphaLa gayo. e prasaMge rAvaNa kAmaviduvaLatA anubhave che tinuM savigata citra AlekhatAM kavi lakhe che : khiNa reyai karaI vilApa, khiNa kahaI pitaI pApa; khiNuM karaI gIta naI gAna, khiNa karaI jApa naI dhyAna. khiNa eka ghaI huMkAra, kAraNa vinA bAra bAra; nAkhaI mukhaI nIsAsa, khiNa khaMcinaI paDaI sAsa.

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jaina sAhitya samArAha khiNu AMgaNa pAI AI, khiNu eka nIsara jA; khiNu caDa4 nai AvAsi, pAtAdhi paisai nAsi; khiNu husa+ tAlI deche, khiNu milai sAi lei; khiNu ghaI nilAma hAtha; khiNa galahathA khiNa khAya; khiNu kaheche hA hA deva, ima phIjIyai vali naiva; eka vasI rahIyaDa sIta, nahi vAta khIjI cIta.' 336 rAvaNanI rANI mAMdodarI ane rAvaNanA bhAI vibhISaNe rAvaNanA A kAryane virodha karyAM. khIjI bAju rAma ane lakSmaNanA kuzaLasamAcAra na maLe tyAM sudhI sItAe annajaLane tyAga karyAM. kikidhAnagarImAM sugrIva rAjya karatA hatA. paraMtu eka vidyAdhare pAte sugrIva che ema kahIne enuM rAjya paDAvI lIdhuM hatuM. ethI sugrIva rAmane zaraNe gayA ane sItAnI zeAdha karI ApavAnuM vacana ApyuM. rAme nakalI sugrIva vidyAdharane harAvI sugrIvane enuM rAjya pAchuM apAvyuM. sugrIve tapAsa karI ApI ke citrakUTa parvata para AvelI laMkA nagarImAM sItAne rAkhavAmAM AvI che. rAvaNa tenuM apaharaNa karI gayeA che. A mAhitI maLatAM rAme rAvaNane samajAvavA mATe hanumAnane mekalavAnA nizcaya karyAM. rAmanI mudrikA laIne hanumAna lakA paheAMcyA ane sItAne maLyA. rAma ane lakSmaNanA kuzaLasamAcAra maLyA eTale sItAe upavAsa cheADI hanumAnane hAthe pAraNuM karyuM. hanumAne vibhISaNa dvArA rAvaNane samajAvavAnA prayatna karyAM. daramiyAna rAvaNunA putrA hanumAna sAthe yuddha karI ene keda karI rAvaNu samakSa laI AvyA. paraMtu hanumAna temAMthI chaTakI gayA. emaNe rAvaNanA bhavanane khedAnamedAna karI nAkhyuM ane rAma pAse AvIne sItAnA kuzaLa-samAcAra ApyA. rAme aneka sainikA sAthe laMkA upara caDAI karI. rAvaNe peAtAnI salAha na mAnI eTale vibhISaNa rAmanA zaraNe gayA. te

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'sItArAma copAIka 337 senAe vacce meTuM yuddha thayuM. mane pakSe ThIka ThIka khuvArI thaI. lakSmaNa dhAyala thaI mUrNita thayA. rAme lakSmaNane bacAvavA mATe ayeAdhya thI devI jaLa lAvavA mATe bhAmaDalane mekA. rAvaNe sItAnA badalAmAM peAtAnuM aDadhuM rAjya ApavAnI darakhAsta rAmane meAkalAvI, paratu rAme teneA asvIkAra karyAM. sItAne samajAvavA mATe rAvaNe ghaNA prayatna karyAM, paraMtu temAM te saphaLa thaye| nahi. yuddha vagara sItAne pachI mekalI de tA tenI nidA thaze ema tene lAgyuM. rAma ane rAvaNa vacce meTuM yuddha thayuM. lakSmaNanA cakrathI yuddhamAM rAvanuM mRtyu thayuM. aMte rAmane vijaya thayA. rAma, lakSmaNa, hanumAna vageree laMkAmAM praveza karyAM. sItAnuM milana thayuM . mATe utsava manAvavAmAM AvyA. badhAMe zAMtinAtha bhagavAnanA jinAlayamAM jaIne pUjanastavana karyuM. rAme rAvaNanA parivArane sAMtvana ApyuM. laMkAnI prajAe lakAnuM rAjya karavA mATe rAmane vinaMtI karI, paraMtu rAme tenA asvIkAra karyAM. rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA laMkAmAM theADA divasa rahyAM. te daramiyAna nArada munie AvIne kahyuM ke ayeAdhyAmAM rAmanI mAtA temane mATe khUba ciMtAtura rahe che. rAme nArada dvArA peAtAnA kuzaLa-samAya.2 meAkalAvyA ane vibhISaNanA AgrahathI laMkAmAM sALa divasa rahIne, puSpaka vimAnamAM besIne ayeAdhyA pahoMcyA. tyAM temanuM moTA utsavapUrvaka svAgata thayuM. yAra bhAIe ane temanA parivAranu` punarmilana thayuM. rAma-bharatanA punarmilananuM rasika Alekhana kavie vigate karyu che. tyAra pachI bharatanI dIkSAne prasaMga kavie vadhu vyA che. dIkSA na levA mATe rAma bharatane samajAve che, paraMtu bharata acala rahe che, ane kulabhUSaNa kevalI pAse dIkSA le che. rAma e prasage meTo utsava kare che. 5macariya'mAM varNavyA pramANe bharatane dIkSA letAM aTakAvavA mATe sItA bIjI ramaNIe dvArA jalakrIDA yeAje che. te prasaMga 22

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338 jaina sAhitya samAroha tathA tribhuvana laMkAra nAmano hAthI madanamatta thAya che te prasaMga - e be prasaMge samayasuMdare ahI nirUpA nathI. bhAratanA pUrvabhavanI vigata paNa ahIM kavie jatI karI che. samayasuMdare A prasaMga mAtra saMkSepamAM noMdhyo che. enuM rasika Alekhana karavAnI taka emaNe jatI karI che. rAma gAdIe Ave che ane pitAnuM rAjya sArI rIte calAvavA lAge che. AvI rIte sukhamAM tenA divasa pasAra thAya che. daramiyAna eka vakhata sItAnI eka zokya sItA pAse yuktipUrvaka rAvaNanA paganuM citra derAvI le che. e citra rAmane batAvI sItA rAvaNane cAhatI hatI evI vAta te vahetI mUke che. rAme e vAta svIkArI nahi. paraMtu dhIme dhIme AkhA nagaramAM e vAta prasarI gaI. pariNAme kalAjane kAraNe rAme sItAne tyAga karavAne nizcaya karyo. eka sArathi dvArA garbhavatI sItAne jagalamAM mokalI de che. jaMgalamAM ekalI duHkhI thayelI sItA navakArama tranuM smaraNa karatI hatI tyAre vAgha rAjA tyAMthI pasAra thaI rahyA hatA. teo sItAne potAnI bahena gaNIne potAnA mahelamAM laI gayA ane tyAM sItAne rahevA mATe badhI vyavasthA karI. tyAM sItAe be putrone janma ApyuM. temanAM nAma rAkhavAmAM AvyAM (1) anaMgalavaNa ane (2) madanakuza baMne putro dhIme dhIme moTA thayA ane khUba tejavI ane parAkramI banyA. pRthurAjA sAthe yuddhamAM vajaghane temaNe madada karI. yuddhamAM pRthurAjano parAjaya thayo. eka vakhata nAradamuni pharatA pharatA anaMgalavaNa ane madanAMkuza pAse AvI pahoMcyA. temaNe teone badhI ghaTanA kahI saMbhaLAvI. potAno paricaya jANe baMne bhAIoe sItA AgaLa darakhAsta mUkI ke teo ayodhyA upara AkramaNa karavA Icche che. teo rAma, lakSmaNa ke kuTuMbanA keI sabhyone nahi mAre, paraMtu temanI senA

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sItArAma copAI 339 AgaLa potAnuM parAkrama batAvavA Icche che. temaNe AkramaNa karyuM. yuddha thayuM. rAmanI senA ane khuda rAma pote ethI Azcaryacakita thaI gayA. rAmane jyAre khabara paDI ke A baMne yuvAne te pitAnA putra che tyAre te zastra choDI temanI pAse doDI gayA. yuddha baMdha thayuM. sItA ane baMne putrane pAchA lAvavA mATe rAme kahevaDAvyuM. sItAe Agraha rAkhe ke pahelAM potAnI agniparIkSA thAya, te pachI ja pote mahelamAM dAkhala thaze. agniparIkSAmAMthI sItA pasAra thaI. sItA pavitra ane zIlavatI che evuM puravAra thayuM. sItA rAmanI pAse AvI. rAme tene paTarANuM thavA mATe vinaMtI karI paraMtu sItAe dIkSA lIdhI. tyAra pachI anaMgalavaNa ane madanAMkuze paNa dIkSA lIdhI. rAma ane lakSamaNa vacce pragADha, apUrva prema hato. emanA premanI kasoTI karavA mATe inDe eka divasa yukti karI. eNe mAyA dvArA lakSmaNane rAmanuM zaba batAvyuM. rAma avasAna pAmyA che e joI lakamaNanA prANa tarata cAlyA gayA. IndranI A yukti bahu bhAre paDI. tene duHkha thayuM. rame jyAre lakSamaNanA mRtadehane joyo tyAre te mAnavAne taiyAra na thayA. lakSmaNa mAtra mUchavaza che evo Agraha rAkhI temaNe aMtyeSTi kriyA karavA na dIdhI. lamaNanA zabane UMcakIne gAMDAnI jema teo pharavA lAgyA. ema karatAM cha mahinA pasAra thaI gayA. aMte jaTAyudhadeve rAmane samajAvyA ane lakSmaNanA zabanI aMtyeSTi kriyA karAvI. saMsAranI asAratA samajI, zatrunane rAja soMpI, rAme dIkSA levAno nizcaya karyo. zatrune paNa dIkSA levA mATe taiyArI batAvI. eTale rAjyabhAra paNa anaMgalavaNanA putrane soMpavAmAM AvyuM. rAmanI sAthe sugrIva, vibhISaNa tathA bIjA soLa rAjAo ane chatrIsa hajAra rANIoe sutratamuni pAse dIkSA lIdhI. keTalAka samaya

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340 jaina sAhitya samAroha pachI rAmane kevaLajJAna thayuM. temaNe upadeza ApI aneka jIvAnuM kalyANuM karyuM. AyuSya pUrNa thatA tee nirvANa pAmyA. rAma ane sItAnuM kathAnaka sudI che. vaLI kavi ene nava rasa vaDe rasika banAvI AlekhavA icche che. eTale svAbhAvika rIte OU A rAsa kadanI dRSTie meTA ane. rAsanI aMtima DhAlamAM kavi kahe che : nava rasa pAdhyA bhai hAM, te sudhaDA samajhI leye re. . nava khaMDa pRthivInA kahyA, tima carUpainA nava khaMDA re.' Ama sudI kathAnakane kAraNe kRti sudI bane e svAbhAvika che. eTalA mATe purANakathA ke caritakAmya mATe vaparAtA prabaMdha' nibaMdha' jevA zabdo paNa kavie peAtAnI A kRti mATe prayeAjyA che. juo : sItArAma saMbadha, navakhaMDa kahisI nidha' vaLI, rAsanA pratyeka kha'DanI puSpikAmAM kavie 'itizrI sItArAma prabhudhe........' evA zabda prayeAjyA che. O ATalI sudI kRti hevA chatAM kAI kAI prasaMge kavine utAvaLa karavI paDI hoya tema paN jaNAya che. kava tene mATe sabhAna che. vaLI, kavie kAI sthaLe peAtAnI svataMtra, maulika kalpanAthI paNa nirUpaNa karyuM che. alabatta, kavi pote jaina sAdhu hovAthI chelle teA peAtAnI kaMI paNa bhUlacUka hoya te tene mATe kSamAyAcanA paNa kare che. teo lakhe che : 'uchA adhikA mai kahyo, koI virudha vacana paNa hAi re; tA. mujha micchAmi dukkaDa, saMgha sAMbhalijyo sahu krAi re.' sItArAma ceAAImAM kavie rAma, sItA, lakSmaNa, rAvaNu,

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'sItArAma copAI 341 bharata, hanumAna, dazaratharAjA vagere pAtrAnuM surekha Alekhana kyuM che. prasaMgenA AlekhanamAM kyAreka kavi tvarita gatie, keTalAMka rasasthAnene vikasAvyA vagara jatA lAge che ane kayAreka pitAnI maulika kalpanA vaDe rasika paNa banAvatA lAge che. keTalAMka varNane paraMparAnusArI che, to keTalAMka kavinI maulika kalpanAthI AlekhAyelAM che. upamA, viprekSAdi alaMkArothI sajaja kavitvamaya varNana A rAsakRtimAM ghaNe sthaLe jovA maLe che. temAMthI namUnArUpa thoDAMka ApaNe joIe. sItAnA dehalAvaNyanuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : - "ghaNa thaNa kalasa visAlA upari hAra, kusumanI mAlA he; kaTi laMka kesari sarikha, bhAvaI kaI paMDita parikhI he. kaTi taTa mekhalA pahirI, vana bhari jAyaI laharI he, romarahita be jaghA he, jANe hari kelinA thaMbha . unata paga nakha rAtA, jANe kanaka kurama be mAtA he; rItA nau rUpa sahaI, nirakhatA sura nara mehaI che." sItAnA dehalAvaNyanuM zuMgArarasika varNana pote kare che e mATe sAdhukavi samayasuMdara sabhAna che. e varNanamAM kavi pote rAcatA nathI, paraMtu kaviparaMparA pramANe, anya graMthane anusarIne te A varNana karyuM che ane AvAM varNane 'padmacarita' jevA graMthamAM paNa che ema teo batAve che. kavi lakhe che :

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342 kavi kalela nahI jaina sAhitya samAroha , e aMge vAta kahI he. pAMcamI TAla e bhAkhI, hAM padamacarita cha sAkhI che." garbhavatI sItAnuM zabdacitra kavie kevuM surekha deryuM che juo : "vajabaMdha rAja ghare, rahatI sItA nAri, garbha liMga paragaTa tha, pAMDura gAla prakAri. thaNamukha zyAma paNe thaye, guru nitaMba gati maMda, nayana sanehAlA thayA, mukhi amRta rasabaMda." lakSamaNa para cakra vyartha jAya che te samaye rAvaNane niSphaLatA ane nirAzAno anubhava thayA pachI AtmaglAni thAya che. tenuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che: dhiga mujha vidyA teja pratApa savaNa iNa pari karaI pachAtA pA; hA hA e saMsAra asArA, bahuvidha du:kha taNA bhaMDArA. hA hA rAjaramaNa paNi caMcala, jevana uryo jeya nadI jala; laI roga samAkula dehA, kAramAM kuTuMba saMbaMdha sanehA. paDataI bhuvana dharA piNa kAMpI zeSanAga salasaliyA, laMkA leka sabala khalabhaliyA udadhi nIra uchaliyA." sUnA nagaranuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe cheH

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sItArAma copAI ra "gAI bhaIsi chUTI bhamai, dhAna sUna bharyA ThAma, gohanI gorasasuM bhare, phUla phUla bharyA ThAma. mAriga bhAgA gADalAM, chUTayA paDayA balada, ThAmi ThAmi dIsaI ghaNA, paNa nahiM manuSa sabada." daMDakAraNyanuM varNana saMkSepamAM karatAM kavie lakhyuM cheH "giri bahu rayaNe bharyo, nadI niramala nIra. banakhaMDa phula phale bhaya, IhA bahu sukha sarIra." vRddhAvasthAnI asahAya sthitinuM savigata tAdaza citra doratAM kavi lakhe cheH "kuNa bhaginI kuNa bhArijA, kuNa nAnA re bApa naI vIra vRddhapaNuI vasi ke nahI, pitAnuM re je piSya sarIra pANI jharaI bUDhApaNeI AMkhi mAMhi re vara dhUdhali chAMya kAne surati nahi tisI, belaMtA re jIbha laDaghaDi jAya haluvA paga vahaI hAlatAM, sUgAlI re muhaDaI paDaI lAla, dAMta paDaI dADha ukhaDaI, vali mAthaI re huyaI dhaulA bAla. kaDi thAyaI vali kUbaDI, vali ucI re upaDaI nahi mAM Ti. sagalaI DIlaI sala paDaI, nita AvaI re vali nAke rITi hAla hukama hAlaI nahIM, kaI mAnaI re nahi vacana lagAra; dhiga bUDhApana dIhaDA, keI na karai re maratAMnI sAra." A kRti jaina sAdhukavinI hovAthI emAM dharmopadezanuM tattva heya e svAbhAvika che. kavie jude jude prasaMge dhame dezanuM tattva vaNI lIdhuM che. kavinI keTalIka upadezAtmaka paMktio jue : "sAdha kahaI dhama sAMbhalau. e saMsAra asAra, janama maraNa vedanA jarA, dukha taNau bhaMDAra, kAcau bhAMDau nIra kari, jiNa vegau gati jAya; kAyA roga samAmulI khiNa maI beruM thAya.

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344 jaina sAhitya samAroha bIjali nau jhabakau jila, jisyau nadI nau vega; jIvana vaye jANau tisyau, ulaTa vahaI udega kAma joga saMga sukha, phalaka pAka samAna, jIvita jala nauM bidyau, saMpada saMdhyAvAna. maraNa pagAM mAMhi nita vahai, sAcau jina dhrama sAra, saMyama mAraga AdarauM, jima pAmau bhava pAra." samayasuMdare A rAsanI racanAmAM pacAsathI adhika judI judI dezIone prayoga karyo che. dhanyAzrI, mAruNI, seraTha, mahAra, rAmagrI, parajiye, sAraMga, kAnaDo, AzAvarI, kedAro vagere rAgarAgiNumAM lakhelI DhAla mATe kavie tatkAlIna suprasiddha lekapracalita je dezIo prayojI che tene paNa temaNe nirdeza karyo che. udAharaNa tarIke, rAjImatI rANu IzuM pari balaI, nemi viNa kuNa ghuMghaTa kholaI, "suNa merI sajanI rajanI na jAvaI re, "sahara bhale paNi sAMkaDo re, nagara bhalo paNi dUri re, sobhAgI suMdara, tujha bina ghaDIya na jAya", "soraTha deza sohAmaNuu sAhelaDI e deva taNuu nivAsa', dillI ke darabAra maI lakha AvaI lakha jAvaI', 'ahanaI mahAraI piyu gamaI", "kAjI mahamadanA gItanI DhAla' ityAdi paMktio te samaye kevAM kevAM gIte pracalita haze tene khyAla Ape che. samayasuMdara gujarAta, rAjasthAna, sidha, paMjAba vagere pradezamAM viryA hatA. eTale te te pradezanI zAstrIya saMgItanI lAkSaNikatAenA ane tyAMnAM pracalita gItonA teo sArA jANakAra hatA. eTale emanI DhAlamAM rAgarAgiNInuM vaividhya sAruM hoya e svAbhAvika che. A rAsamAM te kavi AtmavizvAsapUrvaka kahe che ke je mANasa judA judA prAMtanA darabAramAM gaye haze ane saMgItanA jalasAomAM hAjara rahyo haze te jarUra A DhAne suMdara kaheze. juo :

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'sItArAma copAI' 345 nava rasa piSyA maI ihAM, te sughaDo samajI lejo re; je je rasa piSyA bahAM, te ThAma dIkhADI dejo re. ke ke DhAla viSama, kahI te dUSaNa mati gho kaI svAda sAbUnI je dUyaI te hiMgaTa kahe na hAI re. je darabAri gayo hasyaI, huMDhAki mevADi naI dillI re; gujarAti mAruyADi maI te kahisyaI DhAla e bhalI re.' tatkAlIna lekapracalita kahevato potAnI kRtimAM vaNI levAnI khAsiyata jema kavi akhAmAM jovA maLe che, tema samayasuMdaramAM paNa jovA maLe che. sItArAma copAImAM prasaMga ke paristhiti anusAra evI keTalIka kahevatono prayoga samayasuMdare karyo che. nIcenAM keTalAMka udAharaNe parathI tenI pratIti thaze ? chaThThI rAta likhyauM te na miTa bhaI matihINa na jA, truTaI ati ghaNe tA." kIDI upara kehI kaTakI." piTa ke ghAlaI nahI ati vAlhI chUrI re "likhyA miTaI nahi lekha" "ratana ciMtAmaNi lAbhatAM, kuNa grahaI kahau kAca; dUdha thakAM kuNa chAsinaI, pIyaI, sahu kahaI sAca." uMdha taNau vichANa lAdhauM."

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343 'timiharaNu surija thayAM, kuNa dIvAna lAga.' muMga mAMhi DhA ghIya.' . bhUki ginnai nahi ke.pu.' O 'sAThI ceAkhA sapaDai DatAM ujalI thAyai.' O jIvatA khata O jaina sAhitya samArAha jIva upara d . kalyANa dekhai.' jima khAra.' O O . 'huvanahArI vAta te huvai.' jaina para parAmAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM kavi kezarAjajIkRta rAyorasAyana rAsa', kuLavadha nakRta 'rAmarAsa', lAlavijayakRta rAmayadra rAjarSinA 35 parI', kuzaLadhIrakRta 'rAmabatrIsI', dolatakIrtikRta 'sItA caudAliyA', lakhamIcaMdakRta 'sItA sajajhAya, uddayasa rikRta 'sItA sajajhAya', jinahaSkRta sotA svAdhyAya', kesarakRta 'sItA svAdhyAya', jJAnavimalakRta 'sItA mahAsatI sAya', samayadhvajakRta 'sItArAma caupaI, amaracaMdrakRta 'rAmacaMdrasotA lekha', sevakakRta sItA caupaSTa, vinayasamudraskRta 'sItAcaritracaupai', jJa|nasAgarakRta 'rAmalekha', jitara'gakRta 'sItAbhAsa', yAdi sajhAya, bhAsa ke rAsa-cepAInA prakAranI kRtie lakhAyelI maLe che. te badhImAM kadanI dRSTie moTI ane guNavattAnI dRSTie caDiyAtI kRti te samayasuMdarakRta 'sItArAma caupai' che.

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena amaracanda bAhaTA sAhitya zabdakI vyApaka vyAkhyA hai, jo janatA kA hita sampAdana karatA ho arthAt sva-para kalyANa hita kA jisa racanA yA vAkyasamUha meM samAveza ho, use sAhitya kahA jAnA cAhiye / sAhitya kI eka paribhASA yaha hai ki jo hita sahita ho / 'hita kisakA ? apanA aura sabakA' ('navanIta' agasta 1975, pRSTha 88) isa vyApaka artha meM jaina sAhitya kA mahattva sarvAdhika bar3ha jAtA hai| vaise sAhityakAroMne jo 'sAhitya' zabda kI saMkucita vyAkhyA kAvyAdimeM hI kara rakhI hai vaha ucita nahIM lagatI kyoMki santoM ke sAhitya kA usa vyAkhyA meM samAveza nahIM hotA, na lokasAhitya kA hI / isase vAstava meM 'sAhitya' zabda ke mUla bhAva yA artha meM bahuta baDI kSati pahU~catI hai kyoMki bhArata to saMta-mahAtmA aura mahApuruSo kA deza hai aura janatA ke naitika utthAna meM unhIM kI vANI kA sabase adhika prabhAva rahA hai / isI taraha lokasAhitya meM janahRdaya evaM saMskRti kI gaharI anubhUti milatI hai| use bhI sAhitya se alaga kara denA kisI bhI taraha ucita nahi / ziSTa sAhitya ko vaise ucca stara kA sAhitya kahA jA sakatA hai, para lokasAhityameM bhI esI vahuta sI vizeSatAe~ haiM, kalpanA ko UMcI uThAnI hai, jo vahuta bAra to ziSTa sAhitya ko bhI mAta kara detI hai aura usase viziSTa hI najara AtI hai| jisa sAhitya se janatA ko koI satpreraNA nahi milatI, usa buddhivinoda aura vilAsavAle sAhitya se janatA kA hita nahi ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se jaina sAhitya kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| vaha viSaya-vikAra ke doSo ko tanika bhI protsAhana nahi detaa|

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jaina sAhitya samAroha vaise to jaina samAja bhI bhArata hI meM rahate haiM, isa liye bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhI jaina sAhitya kA bhI samAveza ho hI jAtA hai, para jaba hama vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya kI alaga se carcA karate haiM to jaina - sAhitya kI carcA bhI svataMtra rUpase kI jAnI Avazyaka ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usameM kaI bAteM va vizaSatAe~ aisI haiM jo dUsaroM meM nahI milatI yAnI ve vizeSatAe~ adhika ubhara ke sAmane AtI haiN| isa lie prastuta nibaMdha meM bhAratIya sAhitya ko, jaina . sAhitya kA kyA yogadAna rahA hai isa para saMkSipta vicAra prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ... jaina sAhitya kI sabase baDI va prAthamika vizeSatA hai - janabhASA ko vizeSa rUpase apanAnA / jaina tIrthaMkaro ne apanA upadeza sabhI logasaralatA se isa lie lokabhASA meM diyA / pahale ke 23 tIrthaMkarokI 'vANI' aba upalabdha nahi hai para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA kucha aMza 2500 varSa bIta jAne ke bAda bhI hameM prApta hai| Agama meM yaha kahA gayA hai "ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane 'ardhamAgadhI' bhASA meM upadeza diyaa| usa ko una ke pradhAna ziSyagaNadharone sUtra rUpa meM saMkalita kiyaa| jina bAraha (12) aMgasUtromeM usa ko saMkalita kiyA gayA thA jina meM se 12vA~ dRSTivAda to thoDe varSo bAda hI lupta ho gyaa| para anya 11 aMga- sUtra cAhe choTe rUpameM bhI ho para Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / aura una 'para niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya, TIkA Adi ke rUpa meM lAkho lokaparimita - sAhitya racA gayA hai| una 11 sUtra aura dRSTivAda tathA pUrvAcAryo va sthavirone upAMga Adi anya AgamoM kI racanA kI jinameM se 'daza vaikAlika kA to saMyamabhavasUri-racita haiM aura pannavaNA 'zyAmAcArya'-racita haiN| bAkI grantho ke racayitAoM ke nAma vidita nahIM hai| antima zruta AcArya bhadrabAhune 10 AgamoM para niyuktiyAM bhI banAyI, jinameM se 2 ko choDakara bAkI Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| ye sabhI racanAe~ prAkRta bhASA hI meM haiM / Agamo kI cUrNi yA kaI prAkRta evaM saMskRta mizrita bhASA meM haiM aura TIkAe~ saMskRta meM hai| mahAvIra ke paravartI jainA

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena 349. cAyane bhI karIba 500 varSa taka janabhASA meM hI racanAe~ kI / para dUsarI zatAbdI meM AcArya umAsvAtine saMskRta ke baDhate hue prabhAva aura AkarSaNa ko lakSya meM rakhate hue saMskRta meM sabase pahale 'tattvArthasUtra' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha banAyA | usake bAda to prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta bhASA meM bhI vividha viSaya aura prakAra kA jainasAhitya racA jAtA rahA aura bhAratIya va saMskRta sAhitya meM jaina saMskRta sAhitya ne ullekhanIya sthAna prApta kara liyA / janabhASA meM nirantara parivartana hotA rahatA hai / pUrvI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga prAkRta se apabhraMza bhASA kA vikAsa huaa| jisa taraha prAkRta bhASA kA sAhitya sarvAdhika jainoM kA hai usI taraha apabhraMza sAhitya bhI saba se adhika jainoM kA hI hai / 8 vI 9vI zatAbdI se to jaina kaviyoM ne apabhraMza meM mahAkAvya aura prabandhakAvya Adi banAne prArambha kara diye / yaha krama vaise 17 vI zatAbdI taka bhI calatA rahA / para 12 vI - 13 vI zatAbdI taka to khUba jAro se claa| isake bAda zvetAmbara jaina kaviyoM ke rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM usa samaya jo janabhASA thI usameM kAvyAdikI racanAprArambha kara dI ataH 13 vI zatAbdI se zvetAmbara sAhitya 'maru gurjara' bhASA meM adhika likhA jAne lagA / digambara kaviyoMne apabhraMza bhASA ko lambe samaya taka apanAye rakhA / 14 vI - 15 vI zatAbdI 1-1 racanA mizrita yA purAnI hindI meM racita digambara jaina kaviyoM kI prApta hai / 16 vI zatAbdI se Idhara janabhASA meM prAntIya bheda adhika ubhara kara sAmane AyA isa lie zvetAmbara kaviyoM kI loka-bhASAoM kI racanAoM meM jo 14 vI zatAbdI taka apabhraMza bhASA kA prabhAva rahA, vaha kramazaH kama hotA gayA / 16 vI zatAbdI se 'maru gurjara' bhASA meM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI donoM alaga sI hone laga gaI / Idhara digambara kaviyoMkA jhukAva hindI kI ora adhika hone lagA, isalie digambara sAhitya hindI meM adhika racA gayA aura zvetAmbara rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI:

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jaina sAhitya samAroha ataH prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI ina pA~co bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA ThIka se adhyayana, jaina sAhitya ke samucita adhyayana ke binA nahIM ho sakatA / 350 meM / uttara - bhArata kI taraha dakSiNa bhArata ko do pradhAna bhASAe~ tamila, aura kannaDa meM bhI prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa sAhitya jaina kA hIM upalabdha hai, ataH kannaDa aura tamila sAhitya ke vikAsa meM bhI jainoM kA ullekhanIya yogadAna hai hI / vaise anya prAntIya bhASAoM meM sindhI, "paMjAbI, telagu, marAThI aura baMgalA Adi meM bhI jaino ne racanAe~ kI hai / isa taraha bhArata kI sabhI pradhAna prAntIya bhASAo meM jaina sAhityako upalabdhi, vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / bhAratIya sAhityako - jaino kI yaha dena ullekhanIya hai hI / jaina sAhitya kI dUsarI vizeSatA hai vividhatA aura racanAprakAroM kI adhikatA / hama dekhate haiM ki padyame jaina sAhityakAroM meM - sabase adhika AcArya aura munigaNa rahe haiM / aura unakA mukhya uddezya aura kArya dharmapracAra kA rahA hai| phira bhI unhoMne janaruci aura unakI AvazyakatA kA bahuta adhika dhyAna rkhaa| yahAM taka ki jina viSaya meM sAhitya grantharacanA Agamika dRSTi se vidheya nahIM thI, una viSayo meM bhI unhoMne apanI kalama calAye rakhI / isIkA pariNAma hai ki dhArmika aura dArzanika sAhitya ke atirikta bhI vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya, vaidaka, jyotiSa, maMtra-taMtra, gaNita Adi aneka viSayoM kI bahuta sI ullekhanIya racanAeM jaina sAhitya meM prApta hai / phalataH jaina - sAhitya kevala jainoM ke liye hI upayogI nahIM para sarvajanopayogI hai / - kaI viSayo ke to aise ucca koTi ke mahattvapUrNa grantha jainoM ke racita prApta hai ki usa koTi ke aura jaise upayogI grantha jainetara sAhitya meM bhI nahIM milate haiM / isI taraha racanA prakAro yA vidyAoMkI dRSTi se bhI jaina sAhitya

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena kI apanI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai| padyaracanAoM ke sAtha sAtha gadyameM bhI unhoMne kAphI racanAeM kI haiM aura usameM bividha prakAra kI gadyazailiyoM kA darzana hotA hai| mahAkAvya, prabandhakAvya, khaNDakAvya Adi vidyAoM ko hI nahIM, unhoMne jitanI bhI vidyAe~ aura zailiyA~ apane samaya meM pracalita va prasiddha dekhI, una sabhI ko apanA liyaa| isa taraha kI kevala rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI vidyAoM yA racanAprakAroM kI maiMne jaba 'sUci' banAyI 'to' unakI saMkhyA 125 se bhI upara pahu~ca gayI jaise rAsa, caupaI, phAga, sambandha, prabandha, dhavala, vivAhalA, bAvanI, zataka, bahuttarI, aSTottarI, chattIsI, battIsI, pacIsI, vIsI, bAraha, mAsA Adi saMkhyApradhAna tathA aneka DhAlo arthAt deziyAM, lokagItoM kI cAlo aura rAgarAginiyA~ Adi meM choTIbaDI hajAroM racanAeM kI haiN| gIta, stavana, sajjhAya, badhAvA, gahuMlI, hiyAlI Adi kitane aura bhI racanAprakAra vidyAeM yA zailiyA~ aneka haiM aura unakI paramparA bhI lambe samaya taka calatI rahI hai| jisase una racanAprakAroM yA vidyAoMke vikAsa kA adhyayana bhI aisI jaina racanAoM ke adhyayana ke dvArA hI ThIka se ho sakatA hai| jaise 'rAsa' nAmaka 'vidyA' ko hI le to isakA prAcIna rUpa kaisA rahA, kaba, kisa taraha parivartana huA evam vikAsa huA, apabhraMzakAla se lekara vartamAna taka ke karIba 900 varSoM meM sahAdhisraka 'rAsa' saMjJA kI racanAeM jaina kaviyoMne banAyI haiN| usase rAsa kI paramparA kA jitanA acchA adhyayana ho sakatA hai, utanA jainetara racanAoM se nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki unakI kaDiyAeM TUTatI rahI haiM, arthAt bIcabIca meM kucha racanAeM hotI rahI para jisa taraha jainoM kI racanAeM pratyeka zatAbdI va pratyeka caraNa kI upalabdha haiM, vaisI jainetaroM kI nhiiN| udAharaNArtha-bArahamAsA jo eka lokapriya vidyA hai| pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa ke bArahamAse jainetaroM kA nahIM mileMge, jainoM ke mila jaayeNge| pratyeka vidyA kI prAcIna racanAeM bhI jaino kI hI surakSita raha sakI haiN| kyoMki sAhitya kA kevala nirmANa hI nahIM, usakA

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352 jaina sAhitya samAroha saMrakSaNa bhI jaisA jainoM ne kiyA hai, vaisA anya koI nahI kara pAye / phalataH adhikAMza lokapriya rAjasthAnI vidyAoM kI paramparA apabhraMzakAla aura sAhitya se jaina racanAoM se hI joDI jA sakatI haiN| jaise bAraha mAsa Adi apabhraMza bhASA meM racita prAcInatama jainoMke hI prApta hai / isa viSaya meM jainoM kA yogadAna itanA adhika hai ki kevala ina racanA-prakAro sambandhI mere likhe hue zodhapUrNa nibandho ke AdhAra se zodhArthiyoMne 15 - 20 zodhaprabandha taiyAra karake pI. eca. DI. kI DIgrI prApta kara lI aura abhI bIso aura prApta kara sakate haiN| jaina sAhityakAroM neM jaise lokabhASA ko vizeSa rUpase apanAyA, usI taraha lokapriya bAtoM kI aura bhI adhika dhyAna diyA / isakA pariNAma bhI bahuta acchA rahA, kyoMki Akhira jisa varga vizeSa meM dharmapracAra karatA thA, yA apanA prabhAvavistAra karanA thA usake sAtha ghulamila jAnA bahuta hI jaldI thA / isa lie jaina sAhityakAro ne lokakathAoM ko sarvAdhika apanAyA kathA-kahAnI bAlaka se lekara ' vRddha taka sabhI ko AkarSita karanevAlI manoraMjaka vidyA hai, isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaina dharmapracArako ne janahRdaya ko sahaja hI sparza evaM prabhAvita kara sake isaliye apane upadeza kA mAdhyama kathAoM ko banAyA, koI bhI vidhi yA niSedha - tarka vAkya upadeza yA saMdeza janatA ke grahaNa ko yogya tabhI hotA hai, jabaki vaha dRSTAMta yA kathA ke sAtha kahA jAtA hai / jaise hiMsA mata karo, jUTa mata bolo, corI mata karo Adi aupadezika bAteM kahI jAtI haiM / tatra hiMsA, jUTha aura corI Adi bUre kAmoM ko karanevAlo ko kaisA duHkha uThAnA pddaa| isa loka aura paraloka meM unheM isake pariNAma:kaise bhUgatane paDe ora ina bure kAmoM ko nahIM karanevAle aura dhArmika niyamo ko pAlana karanevAle vyaktiyoM ko kaisA 'sukha' va lAbha milA

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena 353 koI kathA-kahAnI kahI jAtI hai to jana isake dRSTAMtarUpa meM jaba hRdaya para usakA gaharA asara hotA hai / una kathAoM dvArA burI bAtoM ko chor3ane va acche kAmoM ko karane kI preraNA milatI hai / isI kAraNa jainoM ne mahApuruSo ke jIvanacaritra aura kathA - kahAnI sambandhI bahuta se sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai / una meM paurANika aura aitihAsika kathAoM ke sAtha seMkaDo-hajAro lokakathAoM ko bhI apane raMgaDhaMga se dhArmika rUpa dekara pracArita kiyA gayA / isIliye eka eka lokapriya kathA ke sambandha meM vividha bhASAoM aura zailiyoM meM bahuta sI racanAe~ jaina sAhitya meM prApta haiM / jinase una kathAoM kA vikAsa kaise huA ? mUla rUpa kyA thA ? samaya samaya para parivartana aura parivarddhana kaise va kyA huA ? - isakI bahuta acchI jAnakArI mila sakatI haiN| yadyapi abhI isa dRSTi se zodha aura AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vizeSa nahIM huA para seMkaDo zodhaprabandha sahaja hI likhe jAne kI guMjAiza hai / maiMne aisI lokakathAoM sambandhI jaina sAhitya kI jAnakArI va carcA kaI lekho meM kI hai / zrIpAlarAjA, yazodhara Adi eka eka kathA para pacAsoM jaina racanAeM prApta haiM / zatAbdiyoM taka yaha krama calatA rahA, isa lie aneka sthAnoM meM aneka kaviyoM aura lekhakone samaya samaya para aisI racanA kaI bhASA meM va kaI zailiyoM meM kI hai / lokakathAoM ke vividha rUpa aura vikAsa kA adhyayana jaina kathAsAhitya dvArA jaise acche rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura kisI bhI mAdhyama dvArA vaisA saMbhava nahi / janabhASA ke aneka zabda, rUpa, kahAvateM, muhAvaroM kA bhI khulakara prayoga jaisA jaina sAhitya meM huA hai, anyatra durlabha hai, isI lie jainetara vidvAno ko bhI yaha kahanA rahA ki saMskRta bhASA jainoM kI kucha bhinna prakAra kI bana gaI jisa meM dezI zabdoMkA pracura vyavahAra aura vyAkaraNa ke kaI prayoga milate haiM / saMskRta vidvAnone jo bahuta se 'dezI' aura nAmoM ko vikRta kara diyA hai, jisa se mUla zabda 23 #520

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354 ___ jaina sAhitya samAroha aura artha ko pakaDane yA jAnane meM bahuta dikkata ho jAtI hai isa samasyA kA AMzika hala jaina sAhitya dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| . loka-saMgIta aura dhUneM bhI jisa rUpa aura parimANa meM jaina kaviyoMne apanAyI usase hajAro lokagIto, bhajano aura unakI zeSa praNAliyoM kI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai, jaise rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI jaina kaviyo ne apane rAsa, stavana, caupAI Adi racanAoM ke prArambha meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha DhAla yA gIta kisa lokagIta kI dezI tarja yA rAginI meM gAyA gayA unhoMne apanI racanA meM usa lokagIta kI prathama paMkti yA kucha padya bhI udadhRta kara diye gaye haiM, jisase kauna sA lokagIta yA bhajana kisa pradeza meM kisa samaya adhika prasiddha thA, isa para mahattvapUrNa prakAza paDatA hai / maiMne aise kaI lokagItoM ke sambandha meM lekha likhe haiM aura yaha batalAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kaunasA lokagIta kitanA purAnA hai| kisa kita jaina kavine apanI kisa saMvata kI racanA meM usakI tarja kA upayoga kiyA hai ? isase usa lokagIta kI prasiddhi va prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| isI tarahakI khoja ke liye jaina racanAe~ hI eka mAtra sAdhana hai / kaI lokagIta va bhajana to jaina lekhakone pUrNa rUpa meM bhI likhakara rakhe haiN| maiMne aise umAre, madiyAnI, katamala, supiyArade Adi ke prAcIna gIta prakAzita bhI kara diye haiM / aisI 2500 deziyoM kI eka sUci pramukha rAgAdi ke pramANa sahita jaina gurjara kaviyoM ke tIsare bhAga ke pariziSTha meM prakAzita ho cukI hai aura abhI isa sUci ko sahaja hI dugunI-tigunI banAyI jA sakatI hai| . jaina samAja meM Aja bhI esI saiMkaDo lokadhUne pracalita haiM aura unase janatA kA bahuta madhura rAga-rAginiyoM kA rasa prApta hotA hai| jaina rAsa Adi granthoM meM hajAro kahAvatoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga huA hai aura bahuta se aise zabda bhI prayukta milate haiM, jo Aja

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena pracalita nahIM haiN| isI taraha bahuta se zabdo kA mUla va sahI artha kyA thA yaha bhI jaina kaviyoM kI rAsAdi racanAmeM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| arthAt prAntIya bhASAoM ke lAkho zabdo hajAro, kahAvatoM aura muhAvaro kA saMkalana ina jaina racanAoM se sahaja hI meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kauna se zabda kA mUla rUpa kyA thA ? aura kaunasA kahAvata yA muhAvaroM kitanA purAnA hai ?-yaha saba prApta jaina racanAoM se hI ThIka se mAlUma ho sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya jaina sAhitya kA yogadAna bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| aba maiM kucha aise jaina granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya de rahA hU~ jo bhAratIya sAhitya hI meM nahIM, vizvasAhitya meM bhI advitIya, ajoDa haiM / ye grantha prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiM para inakA mahattva jaina samAja ko bhI mAlUma nahIM hai| prAkRta bhASA kA eka kuSANakAlIna mahattvapUrNa grantha hai'aMgavijjA' arthAt 'aMgavidyA' / kisI eka viSaya para prAcIna kAla meM bhI kitanA vistRta aura gahana likhA jA rahA hai usakA yaha grantha utkRSTa namUnA (jvalaMta udAharaNa) hai| kevala aMgavidyA para itane vizada aura vistRta rUpa se isameM prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki isa viSaya kA vizvabhara meM aura koI grantha nahIM hai / yadyapi isa prAcIna vijJAna kI 'AmanA' paraMparA to aba surakSita nahIM rahI, isI lie isa grantha kA sahI va pUrA artha yA rahasya jJAta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isameM bahuta se aise Tekanikala (vizeSa) zabda prayukta hai jina kA artha kisI bhI kozagrantha meM nahIM miltaa| mahattvapUrNa aura prAcIna granthoM meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI paryApta parimANa meM prApta hai| ataH DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla tathA DaoN. motIcanda jaise khyAti prApta vidvAnAMne isakI mahattA para saMkSipta prakAza DAlate hue ise advitIya grantha batalAyA hai| sva. pUjya muni zrI pUNyavijayIne ise sampAdita karake prAkRta sAhitya pariSada se prakAzita karavA diyA /

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jaina sAhitya samAroha prAkRta bhASA kA eka dUsarA choTA sA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai - 'dravyaparIkSA' / 14 vI zatAbdI ke bAdazAha alAudIna khilajI ke koSAdhyakSa bhaMNDArI Thakura pherune sarvajanopayogI viSayo ke mahattvapUrNa grantha banAye haiM / GanameM 'ratnaparIkSA', 'dhAtutpatti', 'gaNitasAra', 'jyotiSasAra, 'vAstusAra' ke sAtha hI 'dravyaparIkSA' bhI eka hai / isameM usa samaya kI bhAratIya mudrAoM kI itanI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI denevAlA yaha ekamAtra grantha hai / Thakkura pheru ke 'ajJAta granthoM kI khoja hamAre dvArA hI huI hai aura isa grantho kA saMgrahagrantha 'rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna', jodhapura se prakAzita bhI ho cUkA hai / 'ratnaparIkSA' ko to hama sAnuvAda anya sAmagrI ke sAtha prakAzita bhI kara cUke haiM / 'krayaparIkSA' aura ' dhAtUtpatti' sAnuvAda vaizAlI insTITyUTa se prakAzita ho rahA hai / 356 jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI 3 grantha vizvasAhitya meM apane DhaMga ke eka hI hai / inameM pahalA hai 10 vI zatI ke saddharSi-racita 'upamitibhavaprapaMca kathA' / itanA baDA rUpakakoSa vizvabhara meM isa taraha kA anya koI bhI nahIM hai / sva. nAthUrAmajI premI ne isakI mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai / dUsarA grantha hai- 'aSTalakSI', jo samrATa akabara kI lAhora sabhA meM mahopAdhyAya samayasundara ne saMvata 1648 meM prastuta kiyA thA / isa grantha meM 'rAjAno dadate sakhyam' ina ATha akSaroM artha kiye haiM / racayitA ne vAle vAkya ke 10 lAkha se bhI jyAdA likhA hai ki kaI arthasaMgati meM ThIka nahIM baiThe ho to vaise 2 lAkha artho kA bAda dekara bhI 8 lAkha artha to ina meM vyAkaraNasiddha hai hI / isI lie isakA nAma 'aSTalakSI' rakhA hai / yaha grantha bhI devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata se prakAzita 'anekArtha - ratnamaMjUSA ' meM prakAzita ho cUkA hai / mahAkAvya ' kA / yaha tIsarA : apUrva grantha hai 'saptasaMdhAna 15. vI zatAbdI ke mahAna vidvAna upAdhyAya meghavijaya racita hai| isameM

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena 357 RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina pAMca tIrthakaro aura 2 lokaprasiddha mahApuruSa - rAma aura kRSNa, ina sAtoM mahApuruSoMkI jIvanI eka sAtha calatI hai| aisI racanA vilakSaNa to hai hI, kaThina bhI itanI hai, phira bina TIkA ke sAto mahApuruSo se pratyeka zloka kI saMgati biThAnA vidvAno ke lie bhI saMbhava nahIM hotA / yaha mahAkAvya TIkA ke sAtha patrAkAra rUpa meM prakAzita ho cUkA hai / vaise dvisaMdhAna, paMcasaMdhAna Adi to kaI kAvya milate haiM para 'saptasaMdhAna' vizvabhara meM yaha eka hI hai| granthakAra ne aisA kAvya AcArya hemacandrane banAyA thA' likhA hai para vaha prApta nahIM hai| kannaDa sAhityakA eka vilakSaNa grantha hai - 'bhUvilaya' / kahA jAtA hai ki isameM aneka grantha saMkalita haiM aura aneka bhASAeM prayukta haiM / bIca meM kucha varSoM taka isa kI kAphI carcA rahI ora isa kA eka bhAga jaina mitra maNDala, dillI se prakAzita bhI huaa| para isa grantha kA pUrA rahasya sAmane nahIM A sakA / . digambara jaina vidvAna haMsarAjaracita 'mRgapakSI zAstra' nAmaka eka aura grantha bhI vilakSaNa hai, jisa meM kaI pazu-pakSiyoM sambandhI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI saMskRta meM dI gaI hai| apane DhaMga kA yaha eka hI grantha hai| isakI pratilipi maiMne oriyanTala insTITyUTa, baDaudA meM dekhI thI aura bandha ke eka vidvAna se anurodha kara ke isa ke sambandha meM eka nibandha 'svAdhyAya' traimAsika meM prakAzita bhI karavAyA diyA hai| aise aura bhI kaI advitIya grantha jaina sAhitya meM haiM jo bhAratIya sAhitya ko viziSTa dena hai| gata 60-70 varSoM se deza aura videza ke kaI vidvAnone jaina sAhitya kI khoja karake usakI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / lekhoM ke rUpa meM to aneka vyaktione kAma kiyA hai .

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358 ...... jaina sAhitya saMmAroha para jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko vyavasthita rUpa se likhane kA sarva prathama prayatna svargIya mohanalAla dalIcanda desAIne kiyaa| gujarAtI meM unakA likhA huA 'jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa' nAmaka 1290 pRSTho kA baDA grantha jaina zvetAmbara konpharansa, bambaI dvArA sana 1933 meM prakAzita huA thaa| yaha unake 20-25 varSo kI khoja aura zrama kA pariNAma thaa| bambaI hAIkorTa ke vakIla hote hue bhI usa vyaktine viparIta paristhitiyoM meM jisa lagana se jaina sAhitya kI mahAna sevA kI hai vaise ghirala vyakti hI kara pAte hai / 'jaina gurjara kaviyoM ke 3 bhAga aura uparokta jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa unakI baDI yAdagAra hai| isameM jaina itihAsa bhI sammilIta hai| svargIya desAI ke uparokta grantha kA mahattva Aja bhI banA huA hai, kyoMki jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa kI sumula jAnakArI jaise isa grantha meM dI gaI hai vaisI aura kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM miltii| kaI varSA pUrva maiMne svargIya kasturamalarjA bA~DhiyA se isakA hindI anuvAda bhI karavAyA aura 'caukhambA granthamAlA', banArasa se usake prakAzanakI bAta bhI taya ho gayI thI. para kucha kAraNo se prakAzita nahI ho skaa| . jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko alaga alaga khaNDo meM taiyArakara ne kA prayatna pro. hIrAlAla kApaDiyA ne bhI khUba kiyaa| unhone pahale prAkRta sAhitya sambandhI 2-3 pustakeM gujarAtI aura aMgrejI meM prakAzita kii| phira sana 1952 meM unhone 'jaina saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' baDA banAnA prArambha kiyA jo jaina kalAmarmajJa yazovijayajI kI preraNA se tIna baDI jildoMmeM prakAzita ho cUkA hai| 'jaina gujarAtI sAhitya kA itihAsa' bhI kApaDiyAjI likhanevAle the para aba vRddhAvasthA meM kahA~ taka likha pAye hai, mAlUma nahIM / lekha to unake saiMkaDo prakAzita ho cuke haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa dvArA hindI meM jaina sAhitya ke

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena bRhad itihAsa taiyAra karane kI yojanA sana '53 meM banI thii| 'jaina, sAhitya kA itihAsa'-pUrvapIThikA ke prAkkathana meM DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNajI agravAla ne likhA hai ki lagabhaga 5 varSa pUrva mere mana meM jaina sAhitya ke bRhat itihAsanirmANa kA eka vicAra utpanna huA thaa| kAzI ke jaina vidvAno meM usake prati utsAha utpanna huaa| mujhe isa bAta kI atyaMta prasannatA huI ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM mAnyatAoM ke anubhavI vidvAnone usakA svAgata kiyaa| tadanusAra pArzvanAtha Azrama kI aura se zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI dekharekha meM jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, 5 bhAgoM meM likhA jAne lgaa| dUsarI aura svagIya zrI mahendrakumArajI jainane zrI vargo jaina granthamAlA kI aura se apane sahabhAgiyoM ke sAtha isa sAhitya kA itihAsa digambara sAmagrI ke AdhAra para viracita karane kA saMkalpa kiyA, kintu ve akAlameM hI svargavAsI ho gye| unake ghaniSTha sahayoga evam paM. kailAsacandrajIne usa pavitra saMkalpa ko apanI zramazIlatA va lagana se use mUrta rupa bhI de ddaalaa| phalasvarUpa jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa kI yaha pUrvapIThikA vidvAno ke sAmane A rahI hai| mAnyavara paM. kailAsacandrajI usI yojanA ko Age bar3hAte hue 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' do bhAgo meM taiyAra karake 'varNo granthamAlA'ko prakAzanArtha de diyA thA jo pIThikA ke prakAzana ke 12 varSa bAda DaoN. darabArIlAlajI koDhiyA ke vizeSa prayatna se abhI abhI prakAza meM Aye hai| isake prathama bhAga meM karuNAnurAga-viSayaka jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa va vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura dUsare bhAga meM bhUgola-khagela va dravyAnuyogaviSayaka sAhitya kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / vAstava meM eka adhikArI va adhyayanazIla vidvAna kA yaha prayatna bahuta hI sarAhanIya hai| dera sabera una kA jo grantha prakAza meM A gaye, usake liye zrI koDhiyAjI bahuta hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai. para kailAsacandrajI ke pUrva pIThikA aura ina dono bhAgo se digambara jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa

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360 . jaina sAhitya samAroha kA kAma pUrA nahIM ho jaataa| ina grantho meM jina granthakAroM aura unakI racanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai unake atirikta bahuta bar3A sAhitya aisA raha jAtA hai jisakA sila-silevAra itihAsa likhA jAnA bahuta hI jarUrI hai| para koI vyakti itanA zrama bhI to kyoM kare ? na to samAja kI ora se use protsAhana milatA hai, na samucita pArazramika hI phira jisa taraha una de| granthoM kA prakAzana likhane ke Itane varSoM bAda aura baDI kaThanAI se ho sakA hai| to lekhaka kA utsAha hI nahIM hotaa| digambara samAja kI saMsthAone va dhanImAnI vyaktioM ko jaina kathAnuyoga evaM caraNayoga sambandhI sAhityakA bhI itihAsa paM. kailAsacandrajI Adi se taiyAra karavA ke zIghra hI prakAzita karavAnA caahiye| digambara jaina sAhitya kA kAphI vivaraNa zrI nAthurAmajI premI va jugalakizora se mukhatAra ke jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizAda prakAzaka nAmaka grantho meM prakAzita huA hai| para ve unake lekho ke saMgrahagrantha hai ataH kisI viSaya ke silasilevAra itihAsa to svataMtra grantha ke rUpa meM hI likhe jAne caahie| vaise mahAvIranirvANa zatAbdI mahotsava para aise do mahattvapUrNa grantha aura prakAzita hue haiN| unakA bhI ullekha yahA~ kara denA Avazyaka hai| pahalA grantha hai 'tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcAryaparamparA' / vaha mahAna grantha 8 bhAgo meM digambara jaina vidvat pariSada se prakAzita huA hai| isake lekhaka hai sva. DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI jyotiSAcArya / apane DhaMga kA yaha sabase bar3A aura mahattva kA prayatna hai| yaha DA. nemicandrajIkI aMtima viziSTa mahAna racanA hai| aura nirvANazatAbdI kI viziSTa upalabdhI hai| dUsarA grantha hai 'jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa' / isake prathama bhAga meM to 28 tIrthakarA kI jIvanI hai para dUsarA bhAga jo paM. paramAnandajI zAstrIne likhA hai usameM digambara jaina ganthakAro aura unakI racanAe~ sambandhI kAphI jAnakArI dI gaI hai ! paM. paramAnandajIne vAstava meM

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bhAratIya sAhitya ko jaina sAhitya kI dena 361 digambara jaina sAhitya kI baDI sevA kI hai| unake lekhA kA saMgraha avazya prakAzita honA cAhie / ___DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI kA zodhaprabandha 'saMskRta kAvyake vikAsameM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna' nAmaka grantha bhI ullekhanIya hai, jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isase pahale unakA eka aura mahattvapUrNa grantha 'prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' prakAzita ho cUkA hai| isI viSaya kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa grantha DA. jagadIzacandra jaina kA bhI prakAzita ho cUkA hai / jisakA nAma 'prAkRta sAhityakA itihAsa' hai| yaha caukhambA vidyAbhavana-banArasa se prakAzita ho cUkA hai| vahIM se tAmila jaina sAhitya sambandhI grantha bhI aMgrejI meM prakAzita hai| apabhraMza meM adhikAMza sAhitya jaino kA hai ora usake sambandha meM bhI kAphI jAnakArI prakAza meM A cukI hai| 'hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa' pahale paM. nAthUrAmajI premI phira svargIya zrI kAmatAprasAdajI jaina ke bhI hindI jaina sAhityaparizIlana ke do bhAga kA baDA grantha hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa sambandhI svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita honA caahiye| DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAlane eka mahAna yojanA cAlu kI hai jisa kA prathama bhAga abhI nikalA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ke 6 bhAga prakAzita hue haiN| usake Age kA bhAga bhI zIghra hI prakAzita honA caahiye| prAkRta bhAratI, jayapurase abhI 'rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya' grantha nikalA hai| isI taraha anya prAnto ke jaina sAhitya sambandhI grantha bhI nikalane cAhiye / jaina kannaDa sAhitya samvandhI eka grantha paM. bhujabalI zAstrI kA prakAzita huA hai, para sAre jaina kannaDa sAhitya sambandhI baDA grantha prakAzita honA bAkI hai / apabhraMza sAhitya jaino kA hI adhika hai| usake saMbandha meM eka zodhaprabandha DaoN. harivaMza kAThaDa kA kaI varSa

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362 jaina sAhitya samAroha pahale prakAzita huA thA / aura bhI kaI grantha apabhraMza jaina sAhitya samvandhI nikala cuke haiM / DA. devendrakumAra zAstrI kA eka grantha bhAratIya : jJAnapITha se 'apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRttiyA~" nAmaka prakAzita huA hai jisa meM apabhraMza jaina racanAoM kI vistRta sUci dI gayI hai / bhAratIya vizva vidyAlaya se idhara 25-30 varSo meM zodhakArya kAphI huA hai / aneka jaina viSayo para zodhakArya huA aura ho rahA hai / una saba zodhaprabandhoMkI sUci prakAzita honI cAhie | saba vizvavidyAlaya se jo zodhakArya huA hai usakI jAnakArI denevAle kaI grantha nikala cUke haiM / do varSa pahale hindI anuzIlana kA eka vizeSAMka prakAzita huA hai, jisameM hindI meM jitane bhI zodhaprabandha likhe gaye haiM unakI sUci dI gayI hai / isI taraha gujarAtI meM jA zodhaprabandhe likhe gaye haiM unakI bhI 2 - 3 sUciyA~ prakAzita ho cUkI hai / marAThI, aMgrejI Adi anya bhASAoM meM ve zodha kA vivaraNa chapA hogA para merI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai, mujhe dakhane meM nahi AyA / ina zodhaprabandhoM kI sUciyoM meM se pratyeka vidyAlaya se jo zodhakArya ho rahA hai unakI sUciyA~ maMgAkara jaina viSayo para jo bhI zodhaprabandha likhe gaye haiM una saca kA eka vivaraNagrantha prakAzita honA cAhiye / isI taraha vidvAno se anurodha kara ke kina kina jaina viSayo aura sAhitya para zodhakArya ho sakatA hai unakI aka saMbhavita sUci mI, bar3I se bar3I, prakAzita kI jAya jisase bhAvi zodhakArya kI preraNA aura bala mila sake / vAstava meM abataka jaina sAhitya itanA vividha, vizAla aura mahattvapUrNa hote hue bhI upekSita rahA hai usa ke mUlyAMkana zIghrAtizIghra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai, jisa se jaina sAhitya kA vAstavika mahattva prakAza meM A sake aura bhAratIya sAhitya, kalA aura saMskRti ko jaino kI kitanI baDI dena hai, yaha vizvavidita ho sake / *

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naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA svarUpa Sr. sAgaramala jaina 88 88 "" morala AblIgezana (Moral Obligation ) ke lie hindI bhASA meM naitika prabhuzakti, naitika bAdhyatA, naitika dAyitva yA naitikakartavyatA zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / vastutaH mArala AblIgezana dAyitva - bodha yA kartavyabodha kI usa sthiti kA sUcaka haiM jahA~ vyakti yaha anubhava karatA hai ki yaha mujhe karanA cAhie / pAzcAtya nItivettAoM ke anusAra naitika kartavyatA kA svarUpa "yaha karanA cAhie" isa prakAra kA hai, na ki "yaha karanA hogA" / pAzcAtya paramparA meM naitika kartavyatA kA cAhie " ke rUpa meM aura dhArmika kartavyatA ko ' hogA " ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA, kyoMki dharma ko IzvarIya Adeza mAnA gayA / jabaki bhAratIya paramparA meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paramparA meM naitika aura dhArmika donoM hI prakAra kI kartavyatA kI prakRti ekasopAdhika kathana ke rUpa meM hai, usameM " cAhie" kA tattva to hai, kintu, usake sAtha eka bAdhyatA kA bhAva bhI hai| usa meM " cAhie" aura " hoMgA " kA sundara samanvaya hai / usakA svarUpa isa prakAra kA hai-yadi tuma aisA cAhate ho to tumheM aisA karanA hogA, arthAt yadi tuma mukti cAhate ho to tumheM samyakcaritra kA pAlana karanA hogA / usameM bAdhyatA meM bhI svatantratA nihita hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya paramparA meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM dharma aura nIti ke bIca koI vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI gaI hai aura na unheM eka-dUsare se pRthak mAnA gayA hai / punaH jaina darzana ke anusAra naitika evaM dhArmika dAyitva yA kartavyatA kI isa bAdhyatA kA udgama

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364 jaina sAhitya samAroha AtmA ke dvArA karma siddhAnta kI svIkRti meM rahA huA hai| yadyapi karma siddhAnta eka vastuniSTha niyama hai, kintu, usakA niyAmaka tattva svayaM AtmA hI hai| karma niyama para AtmA kI yaha niyAmakatA usakI AcAra kI pavitratA ke sAtha bar3hatI hai| jaina paramparA meM tIna prakAra kI AtmAeM mAnI gayoM haiM-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / isameM bahirAtmA indriyamaya AtmA hai aura antarAtmA vivekamaya AtmA hai / naitika aura dhArmika donoM hI prakAra ke dAyitvoM kI kartavyatA kA udbhava vivekamaya AtmA se hotA hai, jo indriyamaya AtmA ko vaisA karane ke lie bAdhya karatI hai| jaina darzana aura je0 esmila isa sandarbha meM ekamata haiM ki sampUrNa naitikatA aura dhArmikatA dAyitva kI cetanA kA AdhAra kartavya ke vidhAna se utpanna vivekamaya antarAtmA kI tIvra vedanA hI hai / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki jahA~ mila kA Antarika Adeza mAtra bhAvanAmUlaka hai vahA~ jaina darzana kA Antarika Adeza bhAvanA aura viveka ke samanvaya meM udbhUta hotA haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki, yadi, tumheM amuka Adarza ko prApta karanA hai to amuka prakAra se AcaraNa karanA hI hogaa| samyakcAritra kA samyakdarzana (bhAvanA) aura samyakjJAna (viveka)ke AdhAra para hotA hai / sagyakUdarzana aura samyakjJAna naitika aura kartavyatA ke lie eka Abandha prastuta karate haiM, pariNAmataH AtmA samyakcAritra(sadAcAra)kI dizA meM pravRtta hotA hai / cUMki jaina darzana kisI aise Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, jo "karma ke niyama" kA niyAmaka yA adhizAstA hai| ataH usameM naitika aura dhArmika bAdhyatA bAhya Adeza nahIM hai / apitu, karma niyama kI dRSTA antarAtmA nirapekSa na hokara sApekSa hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu svabhAva ko dharma kahA jAtA hai aura yadi vastu svabhAva hI dharma hai, to dhArmika kartavyoM kI bAdhyatA kA udbhava bAhara se nahIM hokara andara se hI hogaa| jaina darzana meM

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naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA svarUpa 365. AtmA kA svabhAva "samatA' batAyA gayA hai| ataH "samabhAva kI sAdhanA" kI kartavyatA kA AdhAra bAharI na hokara Antarika hai| isI prakAra prANIya prakRtti kA svAbhAvika guNa jIjIviSA hai aura ahiMsA ke naitika - niyama kartavyatA isI jIjIviSA ke kAraNa haiM / kahA gayA hai-"sabhI jInA cAhate haiM, koI maranA nahIM caahtaa"| ataH prANa vadhakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM cAhe samabhAva kI sAdhanA kI kartavyatA kA prazna ho yA ahiMsA ke vrata ke pAlana kA prazna ho, unakI bAdhyatA antarAtmA se hI AtI hai, kisI bAhyatattva para AdhArita nahIM hai / jaina dharma meM naitika aura dhArmika kartavyoM kI abhinnatA sAmAnyatayA kucha pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne dharma aura nIti ke bIca eka vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcI hai aura isI AdhAra para ve naitika aura dhArmika kartavyoM meM bhI antara karate haiN| ve naitika kartavyatA ko "karanA cAhie" ke rUpa meM aura dhArmika kartavyatA ko "karanA hogA" ke rUpa meM lete haiN| kintu, sAmAnya rUpa se bhAratIya dArzanika aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina dArzanika naitika evaM dhArmika kartavyatA ko abhinna rUpa se hI grahaNa karate haiN| ve dharma aura nIti ke bIca koI sImArekhA nahIM khIMcate haiN| bhArata meM dharma zabda kA byavahAra adhikAMza rUpa meM kartavya evaM sadAcAra ke artha meM hI huA hai aura isa prakAra vaha nItizAstra kA pratyaya bana jAtA hai| bhArata meM nItizAstra ke lie dharmazAstra zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| dharma aura nIti meM yaha vibhAjana mukhyatayA mAnavI cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / pAzcAtya vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM kI dharma kA AdhAra vizvAsa yA zraddhA hai, jabaki naitikatA kA AdhAra saMkalpa / dharma kA sambandha hamAre bhAvanAmaka pakSa se hai, jabaki naitikatA kA sambandha hamAre saMkalpAtmaka pakSa se haiN| semyuala .

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366 jaina sAhitya samAroha elekjeNDara ke zabdoM meM dhArmika honA isase adhika kartavya nahIM hai, jaise ki bhUkhA honA koI kartavya hai| jisa prakAra bhUkha eka mAtra sAMvegika avasthA hai, usI prakAra dharma bhI eka sAMvegika avasthA hai| viliyama jemsa kA kahanA hai ki " yadi hameM dharma kA koI nizcita artha lenA hai to hameM use bhAvanAoM ke atireka aura utsAhapUrNa AliMgana ke artha meM lenA cAhie / jahA~ tathAkathita naitikatA kevala sira jhukA detI hai aura rAha chor3a detI hai / vastutaH bhArata meM dharma aura naitikatA do alaga-alaga tathya nahIM rahe haiN| mAnavI cetanA ke bhAvanAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSoM ko cAheM eka-dUsare se pRthakU dekhA jA sakatA ho, kintu, unheM eka-dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhAvanA, viveka aura saMkalpa, mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSa haiN| cUMki manuSya eka samagralA hai, ataH ye tInoM pakSa eka-dUsare ke sAtha mile hue haiN| isIlie methyU AranolDa ko yaha kahanA par3A thA ki bhAvanAyukta naitikatA hI dharma hai / pazcima meM yaha prazna bhI mahattvapUrNa rUpa se carcita rahA hai ki dhArmika aura naitika kartavyoM meM kauna prAthamika hai ? DekArTa, loka prabhRti aneka vicAraka naitika niyamoM ko IzvarIya Adeza se pratiphalita mAnate hai aura isa artha meM ve "dharma kA naitikatA se prAthamika mAnate haiM, jaba kI koNTa, mArTinyU Adi naitikatA para dharma ko adhiSThita karate haiN| kAMNTa ke anusAra "dharma, naitikatA para AdhArita hai aura Izvara kA astitva naitikatA ke astitva ke kAraNa hai / jahA~ taka bhAratIya cintana aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paramparA kA prazna hai ve dharma aura naitikatA ko eka-dUsare se pRthakU nahIM karate haiN| AcAroprathamodharmaH ke rUpa meM nIti kI pratiSThA dharma ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| jaina darzana kI bhASA meM kaheM to donoM anyAnyAzritaH hai| samyakU caritra kA AdhAra samyagdarzana hai aura samyagcaritra ke abhAva meM samyakdarzana nahIM hotA hai| sadAcaraNa ke binA sabhyazraddhA aura samyazraddhA ke binA sadAcaraNa sambhava nahIM

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naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA svarUpa 367 hai / dharma na to naitikatA- vihIna hai aura to naitikatA dharmavihIna hai / breDale ke zabdo meM yaha asambhava hai ki eka vyakti dhArmika hote hue anaitika AcaraNa kare / aisI sthiti meM yA to vaha dharma kA DhoMga kara rahA hai yA usakA dharma hI mithyA hai / kucha loga dharma aura naitikatA kA antara isa AdhAra para karate haiM ki naitikatA kA kSetra zubhAzubha kA kSetra hai / jahA~ taka zubha aura azubha kA saMgharSa hai vahA~ taka naiti katA kA kSetra hai / dharma ke kSetra meM zubha aura azubha kA dvandva samAsa ho jAtA hai / kyoM ki dhArmika tabhI huA jA sakatA hai, jabaki vyakti azubha se pUrNatayA virata ho jAye aura jaba azubha nahIM rahatA to zubha bhI nahIM rahatA / jaina dArzanikoM meM AcArya kundakunda ne puNya (zubha) aura pApa (azubha) donoM se Upara UTane kA nirdeza diyA thA / yadyapi, hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki azubha se nivartana ke lie, prathama zubha kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / dharma kA kSetra puNya-pApa ke atikramaNa kA kSetra hai; ataH vaha naitikatA se Upara hai, phira bhI hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki dhArmika hone ke lie jina kartavyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ve svarUpataH naitika hI hai / jaina dharma pAMca vratoM, bauddha dharmaM ke paMca zIlA aura yogadarzana ke paMca yamoM kA sImAkSetra naitikatA kA sImAkSetra hI hai / bhAratIya paramparA meM dhArmika hone ke lie naitika honA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra AcaraNa kI dRSTi se naitika, kartavyatA prAthamika hai aura dhArmika kartavyatA paravartI hai / yadyapi, naitika aura dhArmika donoM hI prakAra ke kartavyoM kI bAdhyatA kA udbhava karma ke niyama se hotA hai / ataH ina kartavyoM kI bAdhyatA kA mUlataH dhArmikahI hai| kucha pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki binA dhArmika kartavyoM kA pAlana kiye bhI vyakti sadAcArI ho sakatA hai / sadAcArI jIvana ke lie dhArmikatA anivArya tatva nahIM hai / Aja sAmyavAdI dezoM meM isI dharmavihIna naitikatA kA pATha par3hAyA jAtA hai| yadi,

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368 .. jaina sAhitya samAroha dharma kA artha kisI vaiyaktika Izvara ke prati AsthA yA pUjA ke kriyA-kANDoM taka sImita hai, taba to yaha sambhava hai ki koI vyakti dhArmika hue binA bhI naitika ho sakatA hai| kintu, jaba dhArmikatA kA artha hI sadAcAritA ho to phira yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki binA sadAcArI hue koI byakti dhArmika ho jaaye| jaina darzana hameM dharma kI jo vyAkhyA detA hai vaha na to kisI vaiyaktika Izvara ke prati AsthA kI bAta kahatA hai aura na dharma ko kucha kriyA-kANDoM taka sImita rakhatA hai| usane dharma kI paribhASA karate hue cAra dRSTikoNa prastuta kiye haiM (1) vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai; (2) kSamA Adi sadguNoM kA AcaraNa dharma hai;. (3) samyakjJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI dharma hai; aura (4) jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hI dharma hai| . yadi hama ina paribhASAoM ke sandarbha ko dekheM to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dhArmika honA aura naitika honA yaha do alaga-alaga tathya nahIM hai| dharma naitikatA kI AdhArabhUmi hai aura naitikatA dharma kI bAhya abhivyakti / dharma naitikatA kI AtmA hai aura naitikatA dharma kA zarIra haiN| ataH jaina vicAraka dhArmika aura naitika kartavyatA ke bIca koI vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIMcate haiN| unake anusAra Antarika niSThApUrvaka sadAcAra kA pAlana karanA arthAt naitika dAyitvoM yA kartavyoM kA pAlana karanA hI dhArmika honA hai| jaina dharma meM hama naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA vyAvahAki pakSa : . jaina dharma meM hama naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA meM koI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcatA hI cAhe to use sAmAjika kartavyatA aura vaiyaktika

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naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA svarUpa 369 kartavyatA ke AdhAra para hI khIMcA jA sakatA hai| hamAre kartavya aura dAyitva do prakAra ke hote haiM, eka jo dUsaroM ke prati hai, aura dUsare jo apane prati haiN| jo dUsaroM arthAt samAja ke prati hamAre dAyitva haiM ve naitikatA kI parisImA meM Ate hai ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke vratoM kA bAhyayA vyavahArapakSa haiN| usakA pAlana naitika kartavyatA hai, jabaki samabhAva, dRSTAbhAva, yA sAkSIbhAva jise jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM "sAmAyika" kahA gayA hai, kI sAdhanA dhArmika kartavyatA hai / jaina dharma meM AcAra ke aura pUjA-upAsanA ke jo dUsarI prakriyAe~ haiM unakA mahattva yA mUlya isI bAta hai ki samabhAva jo hamArA sahaja svabhAva kI upalabdhi meM kisa sImA taka sahAyaka hai| yadi, hameM jaina dharma meM naitika aura dhArmika kartavyatA kA ati saMkSepa kahanA hoM vaha unheM kramazaH "ahiMsA" aura "samatA" ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai| usameM ahiMsA sAmAjika yA naitika kartavyatA kI sUcaka hai aura samatA (sAmAyika) dhArmika kartavyatA kI sUcaka haiN|

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zrImad yazovijayajIkRta 'samAdhizataka' eka adhyayana DaoN. zekharacandra jaina . [102 dohe (chaMda)-bhASA mizrita gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI-hindI kA svarUpa-san 1926 meM prakAzita 'Atmahitakara AdhyAtmika vastusaMgraha' meM saMgrahita, prakAzaka-zrI jaina zreyaskara maMDala dvArA zAha veNIcaMda suracaMda mahesANA.] zataka kA prArambha AcArya zrI sarasvatI kA smaraNa karate hue aura jinezvara bhagavAna kI vaMdanA karate hue karate haiM / dUsarI paMkti meM hI apanA uddezya spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki, "mAtra Atmabodha ke hetu eka sundara aura sarasa prabaMdha kI racanA kruuNgaa|" isa prathama dohe meM hI kavi "jina" arthAt jinhoMne indriyavijaya kara liyA hai aise tIrthakara bhagavaMtoM ko praNAma to karatA hI hai sAtha hI ve "jina" jagabaMdhu haiM arthAt saMsAra kI isa bhautika cakAcauMdha evaM pudgala kI bhramaNA meM ve hI eka sacce patha-darzaka bandhu hai / saMsAra kI vAsanAyeM, cAra kaSAya, paMca-pApa nirantara bAhara se AkarSaka lagate haiM para unakI kAryapraNAlI saMsAra meM bhaTakanevAle pathabhraSTa karanevAle duzmana sI hI hai| aise isa saMsAra meM yadi saccA pathapradarzaka koI hai, mukti kI aura hAtha pakaDakara kalyANamArga meM rata karane vAlA koI hai-to ve baMdhu jinezvara hI haiM /

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'samAdhizataka - eka adhyayana 371 munizrI punaH spaSTatA karate haiM ki isa kAvya-kartRtva ke pIche unakI koI lokeSaNA yA vAha-vAha lUTanA nahIM hai| unakA mUla uddezya to "mAtra" Atmabodha hai / arthAt AtmA ke sacce svarUpa, usakI svAMga sattA aura usake parimArjana ke sAtha parivardhana kI hI bAta hai / mUlataH yaha kAvya Atmonnayana ke lie hI hai / hA~ ! vaha sarasa hogA yahA~ sarasa laukika dRSTi yA chaMdazAstra kI dRSTi se bhASA, chaMda, alaMkAra yA bhAva kI dRSTi se kAvya sarasa hogA / para virAgI kavi yahA~ "sarasa" zabda ke sAtha kartA aura pAThaka donoM kA samanvaya sAdhatA hai / kartA ko to Atmabodha aura Atmonnati meM sahAyaka, kAvya sarasa lagegA hI - para yaha kAvyaracanA unheM Atmabodha aura darzana kI utkRSTa abhilASA hai / isa dRSTi se bhI isa kAvya meM sarasa kahane kI bhAvanA prakaTa kI gaI hai / " 'samAdhizataka' kA pratyeka dohA "AtmA" ke bodha, usakI mahattA bheda, vijJAna jaise gahana viSayoM para baDI saralatA se prakAza DAlatA hai / kahIM koI dvaitabhAva nahIM / vaha spaSTa mAnate haiM ki "AtmajJAna" hI zivapaMtha ke lie paramArtharUpa hai aura vahI saccA bhAva nirgrantha hai | jisane isa AtmA meM ramaNa kriyA jo Atmarata bana gyaa| saMsAra ke sabhI bhoga nirarthaka haiM, ve utanA AnaMda nahIM de sakate jitanA Atmamagna hone kA bhAva AnaMda detA hai- vaha AtmAnaMdI bhAva hI kucha aura hotA hai / AtmajJAna meM magna jIva ko yaha sArA saMsAra pudUgala kA tamAzA hI lagatA hai usakI dRSTi meM saMsAra eka indrajAla hI hai, jahAM isa mana (jIva ) ko kahIM mela nahIM baiThatA / hama saba saMsArI jIva pudgala ke moha meM kA~ca ko (saMsAra ko ) hIrA samaja baiThe haiN| para satya ke prakaTa hone para (AtmajJAna hone para) kAMca - kAMcatI raha jAtA hai ! saccA sAdhya kisI bhI prakAra kI eSNA rakkhe binA AtmadhyAna ( sacce

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jaina sAhitya samAroha dhyAna) meM hI masta rahatA hai / AtmajJAnI to muvitarasa meM hI tanmaya hokara nAcatA hai, magana rahatA hai| jise bahirAtmA aura antarAtmAko bodha hai, jise bahirAtmA, antarAtmA evaM paramAtmA kI sthiti kA jJAna hai aisA jJAnI sAtha dehAdika ko eka mAtra bhrama (bAhya padArtha) mAnatA hai aura bahirAtmA ko atyaMta dIna, para padArtha aura kamajora tattva mAnatA hai| aura usakA dhyAna kendrita rahatA hai AtmA aura paramAtmA para / yahA~ bhI bahirAtmA kA tiraskAra aura AtmA ke svIkAra kI bAta prastuta kI hai| punaH isI AtmA ke ina rUpoM ko adhika spaSTatA karate hae kahate haiM ki citta meM jo doSa utpanna hote haiM ve hamAre bhamayA dvidhA (dvaitaka) ke kAraNa hI hai / AtmA kA kArya to antara meM calatA hI rahatA hai| vahA~ bhI abhI pUrNa nirmalatA nahIM AI / parantu AtmA kI paramAtmA hI vaha sthiti hai jahA~ saMpUrNa nirmalatA yA nirdoSatA hotI hai| isa paramAtmA kI nirmalatA prApta hote hI karma kI sArI milAvaTa khatma ho jAtI hai / arthAt paramAtmA kI avasthA meM samasta karmo kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| karma kI koI milAvaTha nahIM rhtii| yahI saccA dvivasthA hai| saMsAra ko hI sarvasva mAnanevAle saMsArI jIva deha Adi ko hI dekhate haiN| aise loga indriyavala ko mahattva dete haiM jo ki bahirAtmA . yA pUrNa sAMsArika hai| aise logoM kA mana satata ahaMkAra meM hI lagA rahatA hai| isake sAtha hI jo Atmarata rahakara paramAtmapada kI ora unmukha hai aisA samAdhista usa ajJAta-agocara, niraMjana svarUpa kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| yahI tattva hai jo hama meM niraMtara vidyamAna hai| usa zakti ko jJAnI (AtmajJAnI) puruSa pahacAna letA hai aura vaise hI bheda kara letA hai jaise haMsa kSIra-nIra kA bheda kara letA hai / kaSi ne bar3e hI spaSTa rUpa se kahA haiM ki saccA sAdhaka usa haMsa-sA hai jo AtmA aura pudgala ke kSIra-nIra-sA bheda karake kSIra-AtmA ko svIkAra

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'samAdhizataka'-eka adhyayana karake nIra-pudgala (saMsAra) ko tyAga kara AtmahIna banatA hai| saMsAra para dhyAna rakhanevAle ko bhitra-zatru evaM abhimAna Adi meM aisA rahanA par3atA hai, parantu jisane apane para hI dhyAna diyA hai (svanirIkSaNa kiyA hai) use jarUra mArga milA jAtA hai| satya bhI hai ki jahA~ bhramIjIva saMsAra ko hI sarvasva samajhatA hai / vahIM AtmajJAnIkA saMsAra to eka mAtra zuddha svabhAva hI sarvasva hai / saMsAra kI vAsanA avidyArUpa hai jo isa jIva ko aneka vikalpoM meM phaMsAkara aMdhekUpa-ajJAna meM Dhakela detI hai| saMsArI jIva putra-dhana Adi kI cAhanA meM AtmA ko bhUla jAtA hai| yaha jar3a saMpatti hai jo moha ke kAraNa sadaiva ke lie pratikUla hai| saMsAra kI jar3atA aura moha ko saMsAra ke bhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa mAnate hue ve isI lie Age salAha dete haiM ki, jIva ! isa saMsAra kI bhramamati ko chor3a do aura aba apane aMtara meM dekhoN| (antaradRSTi bano), jyoM hI isa mohadRSTi ko choDege tabhI AtmA kI guNadRSTi prakaTa hogii| arthAt vahidRSTi tyAgakara antardR 'TA banane se hI AtmA ko samajhane kA guNa utpanna hogA / saMsAra meM rUpa Adi kA bAjAra lagA hai| indriyoM ke bhoga meM saba lage haiN| cAroM ora lUTam-lUTa macI hai / parantu dUsarI ora Atmadravya ke viSaya meM koI duvidhA nhiiN| cidAnaMdasvarUpa AtmA meM khelanevAlA sadaiva prasanna hai kyoM ki vaha jAna gayA hai ki nijapada to nija meM hI hai| arthAt merI AtmA kA AtmavikAsa to svayaM mere aMtara meM hai| yahAM bhI kavi AtmA kI svayaMpUrNa sthiti para bhAra DAlatA hai| AtmA ke jJAna-prakAza meM bheda-vijJAna ko jAnanevAlA yaha jJAnI agrAhya vastu kA grahaNa nahIM karatA aura grAhya kA kabhI tyAga nahIM krtaa| vaha vastu ke svabhAva kA jAnakAra hone se sva

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374 jaina sAhitya sammaseha aura para ke aMtara ko jAnatA hai| isa dohe meM kavi usa tathya para prakAza DAla rahA hai jahA~ ajJAnI jIva agrAhya (saMsArako grAhya mAnakara usa meM cipakA hai| aura grahAya (AtmA) ko bhUla rahA hai| java ki samAdhisthitijIva sva-para ke nirNaya kI zaktivAlA hone se grAhya - agrAhya ke bheda ko samajhAtA hai| ajJAnI jIva kI sthiti ThIka usa anabhijJa vyakti kI bhA~ti hotI hai jo sIpa kI camaka meM cAMdI ke bhrama se use cAMdI mAnatA hai| usI taraha isa deha ko hI bhramavaza sarvasva samajha letA hai| parantu, jJAnadRSTi ke prApta hote hI usakA sIpa meM se cAMdI kA bhrama dUra ho jAtA hai| aura deha meM AtmA kA bhRma bhI dUra ho jAtA hai| arthAt vaha satya kI dRSTi se parakhane lagatA hai| yoM kaha sakate haiM ki bhrama ke bAdala chUTate hI satya kA sUrya prakAzita ho jAtA hai / jJAna ke prakAza ke binA jAgate hue bhI hama so rahe hai / jJAnI vahI hai jo mana-vacana aura kArya se eka citta ho arthAt jisakI dRSTi kathA na aura kriyA samona ho / jo vyAvahArika kriyAoM ko karate hue bhI nizcaya ko hI sAdhya mAnatA hai| jJAnI puruSa, jisane Atma-ramaNa kiyA hai usakI dRSTi meM saMsAra ke prati koI moha yA koI : sambandha nahIM hotaa| bhautika jagata se upara uThakara usake lie yaha saMsAra mAtra unmatta aura dRSTi . hIna hai| yahAM unmattatA aura aMdhatva bhoga-vilAsa aura bheda-vijJAna kI dRSTi ke abhAva kA dyotaka hai| sAdhaka jo jJAna prApta kara rahA hai vaha vyavahArika dRSTi se prApta kara rahA hai| lekina, jaba vaha nirvikalpa AtmabhAva meM praveza karatA hai taba koI dvidyA bhAva use acche nahIM lagate arthAt vaha vikalpoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra AtmalIna sAdhaka bahirAtmA ko chor3akara antaH rAtmA meM praveza karatA hai aura paramAtmA ke dhyAna meM svayaM ko AruDha

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"samAMdhizataka'-eka adhyayana 375 karatA hai jahAM koI vikalpa nahIM hotaa| paramAtmA kA yaha naikadaya. nirvikalpa, nirbhAra banA detA hai / bhagavAna ke dhyAna meM eka citta hone para jora dete hue AcArya kahate haiM ki, jo vyatti paramAtmApada kI prApti ke lie apanI AtmA meM jitanI dRDha vAsanA arthAt citta kI ekAgratA rakhatA hai aise sAdhanA se Use utanI hI jalhI mukti milatI hai| tulanA kavi usa se karatA hai jo eka hI gati eka hI dhyAna ke kAraNa bhramarI bana jAtI hai| deha aura AtmA donoM bhinna haiN| aise meda vijJAna ko jo jAna letA hai, vaha aMtarAtmA ke darzana karate hue paramAtmabhAva meM sthira hotA jAnA hai| isI tathya ko adhika spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki, jo jIva, deha aura AtmA ke bheda ko samajhe binA [jJAna binA tapa kiyA karatA maiM, usake bhAvoM kA aMta nahIM hotaa| yahAM dhyAna aura kriyA kI samajha para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaba yaha jIva apane jJAna se pudgala ko jAna letA hai taba vaha AtmA kI ora unmukha hotA hai| jaba unnatazIla hotA huA yaha jIva guNa ke aham se bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, taba vaha AtmA ke sahaja prakAza se prakAzita ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki, jJAnI jaba laukika madamukta ho jAtA hai taba garva rahita bana jAtA hai| AcArya saMbodhana karate haiM ki dharma ke upadeza se saMnyAsa pragaTa hotA hai, arthAt jaba sampUrNa jagata se mukta hokara UrdhvagAbhI banatA hai, taba laukika kSamA Adi guNa bhI jo puNya ke upAdhayana hai, ve bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM / taba he jIva, tU isa kallita saMsAra se udAsa kyoM nahIM hotA' vyakti kA sahI, vastu ke prayakSa darzana se kalpanA ko bhrama vaise hI miTa jAtA hai, jaise rassI ke dekhane para rassI kI huI kalpanA dUra ho jAtI hai / usI prakAra saccA AtmajJAna hone se AtmA ke prati avodhabhAva miTa jAtA hai| vahAM AcArya yahI kahanA cAhate haiM ki,

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376 jaina sAhitya samAroha AtmajJAna hone para kalpanA kI ajJAnatA svayaM naSTa ho jAtI hai / dharma arUpI dravya hai aura isalie usakA rUpI dravya ke sAtha koI snehasaMbaMdha nahIM hotA / isI prakAra jJAnI jIva kabhI apara guNa yA mithyA guNa ke prati AsthAvana nahIM hotA / vaha zuddha Atma nigama kI kalpanA se paramabhAva meM magna rahatA hai aura zuddha jJAna ko apanAtA hai / upAdhyAya yazo vijayajI sacce Izvara kA sthAna ghaTa meM hI mAnate haiM / yahA~ AtmA sAdhanA para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai / isIlie ve kahate haiM ki jaba yaha jIva rAga Adi bhAvoM kA tyAga karake sahajaguNoM ko DhUMDha letA hai taba usake ghaTa Izvara yA AtmA prakaTa hotI hai / jise yaha Atma tattva prApta ho jAtA hai use " 'cidAnanda Ananda avasthA kAraNa isa ananta Adi se mukta "" 1 kA Ananda mila jAtA hai, arthAt jIva ramane lagatA hai / yaha jIva saMsAra meM bhaTaka raha hai / jyoM banatA hai tyoM hI parama pada ke jAna letA hai / hama jisa saMsAra ko saba kucha mAna baiThe haiM vaha to eka dhokhA hai, mana ke jAla kI ulajhana hai aura sArA khela hI jhUTha kA hai| aisA saMsArI dhUla hI hAtha meM rahatI sukha canda dinoM taka hI rahatA hai aura aMta meM hai / isa prakAra saMsAra meM bhUle hue jIva ko anta meM saMsAra ke kaSTa hI milate haiM / isI bhAva ko rupaka meM bAMdhate hue kahate hai ki isa moharUpI lagAma ke jAla meM yaha mana phaMsa gayA hai / isI meM yaha turaMga rupI AtmA bhaTaka gayA hai / jo isa meM nahIM phasatA hai, vahI munI hai aura use koI duHkha nahIM hotA / AdamI svayaM kA samIkSaka banakara sabako jAna sakatA hai, aura nija doSoM ko jAna ne para hI jJAna ke rasa ko prApta kara, unheM dUra kara sakatA hai / ahaMkAra sabase bar3A dUSaNa hai, "para dravya" jaise ahaMkAra ko citta kI ananta kAla se hI jIva rAga sAra - tattva ko

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'samAdhizataka'-eka adhyayana hama apane meM dhAraNa kara lete haiM / pariNAmasvarUpa apane guNoM kI sugandha se vaMcita raha jAte haiM / ora jaba aham ko hI hama apanA guNa mAna lete haiM taba hamArA dUsare se saMbaMdha chUTa jAtA hai / arthAt aham ke kAraNa Atmadarzana meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai / AtmA kA rUpa to liMgadhArI (saMsArI) se bahuta UMcA hai| vaha anAmI, arUpI hai / AtmasvarUpa kI prApti ke lie isase Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai| isa AtmA ke guNa kA anubhava tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba isakA cintavana deha se bhinnatva mAnakara kiyA jaaye| anyathA bhrama aura vAsanAoM meM bhUlakara hama khinna yA duHkhI hokara bhaTakate rahate haiN| hama jo carmacakSuoM se dekhate haiM vaha cetana nahIM hai| cetana dikhAI nahIM detA / vaha to anubhava kI cIja hai| he jIva ! tUM krodha yA prema kisa se karatA hai ? yaha saba to apane Apa meM hI kSaya ho jAne kI cIjoM haiN| tere sAre vyApAra deha ke sAtha haiM, jo jhUTha haiN| saMsArI tyAga yA grahaNa kI bAhya kriyAoM meM lagA huA hai| jo siddha puruSa hai arthAt jisakA antaraMga aura bahiraMga eka hai, unheM tyAga yA milana kucha nahIM hotA hai| jaba yaha mana AtmajJAna meM lIna ho jAtA hai, taba kAyA ke prati yaha mamatva chor3a detA hai / isa jIva ko guNa arthAt Atmasukha kA anubhava prApta hotA hai / munizrI saMsArI aura siddha ke bheda ko bar3I saralatA se samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki Arabhbha arthAt sAMsArika kriyAoM meM yogI ko duHkha prApta hotA hai| use to antara aura bAhya kA sukha tabhI hotA hai jaba vaha inako tyAgatA hai| jahAM vAstava meM AMtarika duHkha hai, lekina yogasAdhanA meM lIna jo bAharI duHkha dekha rahA hai vAstavika Antarika sukha vahI pA rahA hai / vyakti ko vacana aura karma meM ekarUpa honA caahie| hama jo kaheM vahI kareM, aura usI meM sthira hoN| isa se hamArI abodhatA miTatI hai aura jJAna kA sahI

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378 jaina sAhitya samAroha rUpa prakaTa hotA hai| yaha jAnate hue bhI ki iMndriyoM ke viSayavAsanAoM meM isa cetana kA koI bhI hita nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI moha ke aMdhere meM andhA yaha jIva usI meM rama rahA hai| yahA~ kavi samAra meM ramanevAle jIvoM ko moha ke aMdhere meM bhaTakane vAle aMdhe ke samAna mAnatA hai| jJAna bhI tabhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba zAvaraNI karma kA kSaya ho aura zubha yoga prApta hoN| isI lie AcArya kahate haiM ki jise zubhayoga prApta nahIM huA hai use upadeza denA bhI bekAra hai / jaba jIva svayaM kA jJAnadAtA bana jAyeM, tabhI nizcaya se jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai| . saMsAra aura deha nirantara naSTa hone vAle padArtha haiM / jisa prakAra AkAza meM bAdala banate aura bigar3ate rahate haiM, jaise kapUra kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra isa deha kA bhI nAza hotA hai| isa lie jo buddhimAna haiM vaha deha ko pariNati hI nahIM mAnate / zarIra bhale hI naSTa ho jAye parantu cetana to acala hai, anAzavAna hai, buddhajana usI meM apanA mana lagAtA hai| jisakA citta saMsAra kI sthira aura calita vRtti meM nahIM hotA hai, arthAt jisakA citta hara samaya zamatAyukta hai use hI sacce sukha kA amRta prApta hotA hai| AzA aura AkAMkSAeM, saMsArasukha kI cAhanA, jise adhika haiM use na to mukti hI mila sakatI hai aura na saMsAra meM hI saMtoSa mila sakatA hai| manuSya ke sAtha nirantara mana aura vacana kI caMca. latA lagI rahatI hai, isa lie vaha isI saMsAracakra se cirA rahatA hai| jisake sAtha jana yA saMsAra nahIM hotA hai vahI muni saccA mitra ho sakatA hai| AtmadazI, AtmArUpI bastI meM hI svayaM ko kendrita karatA hai, arthAt AtmadarzI jIva AtmaramaNa meM hI yA zuddha AtmA ko hI tapasyA kA kendra banAtA hai| jaba kiM abodha duvidhA meM hone ke kAraNa nagara ora varNa kI ulajhana meM ulajhe rahate haiM /

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'samAdhizataka'-eka adhyayana .. jo isa deha se upara uTha gayA vahI videha pada kA svAmI bana sakatA hai / arthAt jisane isa deha kI mamatA tyAga dI, caitanya meM lIna ho gayA, vahI sAdhanA meM U~cA uTha pAtA hai| manuSya kA sabase bar3A guru usakI AtmA hai jo svayaM meM, svayaM ke sanmukha prakaTa hokara yA siddha hokara ziva-pada pradAna karAtA hai| isI lie manuSya kA saccA guru AtmajJAna ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM ho sktaa| saccA sAdhaka AtmA meM hI yA nijabhAva meM hI sotA hai, arthAt jisane jagata ke vyavahAra se carmacakSuoM koM phera liyA hai aura antarmukhI ho gayA hai use hI Atmadarzana hotA hai| aisA jIva antara ke cetana meM hI acala dRDha bhAva dhAraNa kara letA hai aura AtmajJAna kI dhurI para ghUmatA huA dRDha abhyAsa dvArA usa avasthA para pahuMcatA hai jahAM use patthara bhI tRNa ke samAna * lagatA hai arthAt kaSAya Adi pattharoM ko galAkara vaha nirbhAra aura halkApana anubhava karatA hai| aisA jIva svayaM ko deha se bhinna mAnatA hai| ina do padoM meM AcArya ne deha, saMsAra isakI asAratA aura AtmA ke prati dRDhatA para jora diyA hai / AtmalIna vyakti hI mukti prApta kara sakatA hai zivarAgI jIva puNya-pApa, vRtta, avRtta, sabako tyAga detA haiM / prArambha meM avRtta aura bAda meM vRttoM kA bhI tyAga karatA hai / vyavahArika dRSTi se parama bhAvoM kI prApti ke hetu vaha avRttoM ko chor3atA hai, vRttoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, arthAt pApa ko chor3akara puNya ko grahaNa karatA hai| lekina arhat bhAvoM meM pahu~cane para vaha ina vRttoM ko bhI tyAga detA hai kyoMki vRtta aura avRtta ye to saMsAra ke hI kAraNa haiM / nizcaya mukti ke lie inakA tyAga Avazyaka hai| jo avRttI haiM ve vattoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura vRttI jJAna aura guNa dono ko apanAtA hai| lekina, paramAtmA meM sthira jIva saba ko tyAga kara parama AtmA bana jAtA hai| ina padoM meM puNya aura pApa donoM ko heya mona kara nizcaya dRSTi se parama AtmAH kI bAta prastuta kI hai|

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380 jaina sAhitya samAroha - jaba taka jIva nara-nArI yA napuMsaka liMga kA chedana nahi karatA hai taba taka use bhava bhava meM janma-maraNa bhoganA par3atA hai / jinakA ina liMgoM meM (saMsArI avasthA) rAga bhAva hai, taba taka ve isa mohajAla meM phaMse raheMge aura mukti kA saccA sukha prApta nahIM kara sakate / dravyaliMga ko dRr3ha kara, jo bhAva liMgI bana gayA vahI siddha paramezvara bana skaa| aise siddha paramAtmA aisI AtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai, jisakA koI liMga yA jAti nahIM hotii| AcArya nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI spaSTatA karate hue Age samajhAte haiM ki, vyavahAra eka svapna -sI vikala dazA hai, eka bhrama hai| jaba taka hama nizcaya meM arthAt AtmA meM sthira nahIM hoMge taba taka yaha bhrama chUTa nahIM sakatA / hamAre -sabhI doSoM kA kSaya tabhI hogA jaba hama nizcaya arthAtU AtmA meM sthira hAMge yaha bahiraAtmA eka kSaNa bhI saMsAra se nahIM chUTatA / jo anubhavI hai, nigraMtha hai, ve svapna kI taraha use chor3a dete haiM jaise kolhU kA vaila kolha meM hI jutakara hajAroM mIla kI yAtrA taya karake -vahIM kA vahIM rahatA hai| vaise hI hama ananta kAla se calate rahe haiM lekina kabhI isa mArga kA calitapana dUra nahIM huaa| jaba AdamI kI buddhi sthira banatI hai tabhI usakI ruci aura mana tallIna banatA hai| aisA puruSa AtmA meM hI mati ko sthira karatA hai aura AtmA meM hI ruci pedA karatA hai| aisA vyakti kabhI kisI ke AdhIna nahIM hotaa| bhagavAna kI yA paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA karate karate eka dina bhAvika vaise hI paramAtmAbhaya bana jAtA hai jaise rUI kI battI jyoti ke nirantara saMparka meM Akara jyotisvarUpa bana jAtI hai| AtmA meM sthira vyakti kI sthiti vaise hI hotI hai jaise vRkSa meM agni chipI hotI hai / arthAt agni usameM nihita hai| jaba vyakti apane Apako ArAdhatA hai yA apane Apa meM hI sthira hotA, taba svayaM AtmA se parama AtmA bana jAtA hai / vaha vacanoM se agocara aura dRSTi se arUpI

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'samAdhizataka ' - eka adhyayana 381 AtmA ko pAkara sahaja prakAza ko prApta kara letA hai aura saMsAra ke janma-maraNa ke cakkara se mukta ho jAtA hai / AcArya kahate haiM ki saccA jJAnI vahI hai jise koI duHkha nahIM / jo Atmasthita hokara sahaja siddhatva prApta kara letA hai / vaha sukha ke prakAza kA anubhava karatA hai aura sarvatra kalyANa nihAratA hai / buddha - jana kabhI du:kha-sukha meM dhIra - adhIra nahIM hotA / sukha bhI usake lie eka svapna hai ora duHkha bhI usake lie vaisA hI hai / aisA jJAnI duHkha pAkara bhI sukha kI bhAvanA bhAtA hai aura isa duHkha meM hI vaha jaga ke jJAna kA kSaya karatA hai / jaise komala phUladhUpa meM murajhA jAte hai, vaise hI saMsAra ke prati vaha duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai / jaise pracaNDa Aga meM galakara sonA aura bhI ujjvala bana jAtA hai vaise hI saccA muni to vahI dhairyazAlI hai jo duHkha kI jvAlA meM aura bhI dRDha banatA hai / isI lie kahA hai ki vyakti ko zakti ke anusAra duHkha sahana karanA cAhie / duHkha meM ullAsa se dRDhatara hone vAlA hI jJAna aura caritra ko prApta kara sakatA hai| jisa prakAra yuddha meM lar3ane vAlA sainika AghAta - pratyAghAta ko nahIM ginatA hai vaise hI prabhu kI upAsanA meM lagA huA upAsaka duHkha kI ginatI yA paravAha nahIM karatA / Age udAharaNa dete hue isa duHkha kI mahimA kA AcArya varNana karate haiM ki jisa prakAra vyApArI vyApAra meM par3ane vAle duHkhoM meM bhI sukhakA anubhava karatA hai, usI prakAra mumukSu kaSTadAyaka kriyAoM meM sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / zarIra dvArA kI jAne vAlI samasta kriyAeM, yoga ke abhyAsa kI kriyAeM haiM, lekina usakA phala to baMdhana se mukta karAne vAlA jJAna hI hai / jJAnI, kriyA aura jJAna donoM kI ArAdhanA karatA hai, lekina. jo kisI eka ko hI sarvasva mAnatA hai vaha anya hai / upAdhyAyajI zAstra samarthana ke saMbaMdha meM kahate haiM ki mana, vacana, karma ke yoga se zAstroMkA samarthana - arthAt vAcana aura manana karanA

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382 jaina sAhitya samAroha caahie| nija zakti ke anusAra yogasAdhanA karanI caahie| ArA'dhaka ko zAstrapaThana, vidhipUrvaka ke AcAra aura phira yoga kI sAdhanA meM nirantara lIna hote jAnA caahie| jo apanI zakti se yogasAdhanA . meM lIna rahatA hai, sAra tattvoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha saccA bhAva "jainatva" grahaNa karatA haiM aura mithyAcAroM ko dUra karatA hai| __ jo tarka-vitarka ko hI jJAna kA AdhAra mAnate haiM aise loga mana meM hI nirantara lar3ate rahate haiM arthAt tarka ke jAla meM hI ulajhe rahate hai, lekina jo jJAnI hai ve sabase udAsIna bhAva rakhate haiN| jahA~ do kA yuddha hai, vahAM eka kA pachAr3a khAnA yA gira jAnA avazyaMbhAvI hai| sacce sAdhaka udAsInatA ko hI sukha sadana mAnate haiN| duHkha kI chAyA to taba paDatI hai jaba hama para-pravRtti meM laga jAte haiM, udAsInatA to vaha sura-latA hai jisameM samatA-rasa ke phala lagate haiN| udAsIna mumukSu aise hI phala kA svAda karatA haiM / AcArya kahate haiM haiM ki tU dUsaroM ko parakhane ke cakkara meM mata pdd| apane hI guNa ko apane meM hI parakha / arthAt para-chindrAnveSaNa karane kI apekSA AtmanirIkSaNa meM tatpara bana / udAsInatA jJAnarUpI phala hai| aura para-pravRtti moha hai| viveka se jo zuddha hai, AtmakalyANakArI hai, use apnaao| yaha samAdhitaMtra-vicAra jo buddhizAlI dhAraNa karatA haiM usakA bhAva pAra ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki, jo AtmA ke svarUpa para nirantara vicAra karatA hai usake lie mukti sahaja banatI hai| jo jJAna ke vimAna meM ArUDha hai, caritra kI agni se tapA huA hai, sahaja samAdhi ke nandanavana meM virAjamAna hai, jisane samatArUpI indrANI kA varaNa kiyA hai, vaha agAdha AtmaraMga meM, raMga gayA hai| muni yazovijayajI ne 102 dohoM meM isa 'samAdhi-zataka' kI racanA kI haiN| jo isa zataka kI bhAvanA ko dhAraNa karatA hai usakA kalyANa hotA hai /

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'samAdhizataka'-eka adhyayana 383 'samAdhizataka' meM AcAryazrI ne isa prakAra vividha viSayoM para vicAra prastuta karate hue jora isa bAta para diyA hai ki manuSyadeha kA moha tyAge tabhI mukti kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai / lagabhaga so varSa pahale likhI gaI ye racanA bhASA kI dRSTi se isa lie mahattvapUrNa hai ki yaha usa gujarAtI kA rUpa hai, jisa meM rAjasthAnI kA prAcurya hai| usa samaya gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI sImAe~, bhASA kI dRSTi se lagabhaga eka thIM aura hindI kA prabhAva adhika mAtrA meM parilakSita hotA hai / prAyaH tatkAlIna sabhI kaviyoM ne aisI hI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai jo jana-jana ke lie sarala ho / arthAt bhASA prAdezika se adhika janabhASA yA lokabhASA ke nikaTa rhii| ise hama dezaja bhASA bhI kaha sakate haiM / tatkAlIna gujarAta ke kaviyoM meM dayArAma, akhAjI, mIrA jaise aneka kaviyoM kI bhASA aisI hI rAjasthAnImizrita gujagatI hai| jisa prakAra kabIra aura nAnaka jaise saMta jisa jisa pradeza meM gae, usa pradeza kI lokabhASA ko apanAte gye| isa prakAra isa saMta kaviyoM ne bhI apanI bAta janabhASA meM khii| gujarAta meM jitane hI jaina muni yA kavi usa samaya hue, una sabameM isI prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA / kaccha aura saurASTra meM isa rAjasthAnI-mizrita gujarAtI kA prayoga adhika huaa| zrI harIza zukla ne apanI thisisa meM apanI sattarahavIM-aThArahavIM sadI ke do so hindI jaina kakyioM kA saMzodhana kara ke yaha puSTa kiyA hai ki ina kaviyoM ne hindI meM tatkAlIna apanI AdhyAtmika kAvyaracanAeM kii| isI prakAra DaoN. rAmakumAra Adi ne bhI gujarAta ke saMto kI hindI ko dena meM aisI bhASA meM likhane vAle kaviyoM kI khoja kI hai| dayArAma ne to aneka grantha bhI likheM haiN|

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384 jaina sAhitya samAroha jaina muniyoM ne isa prakAra dharma kI hI nahIM, bhASA kI bhI bahuta bar3e bhU-bhAga meM ekatA kA bahuta bar3A kArya kiyaa| inakA uddezya bhASA ke camatkAra ke pradarzana se adhika janasAdhAraNa meM naitikatA aura dharma ke pracAra kA thA / 'samAdhizataka' kI bhASA meM hara dohe meM rAjasthAnI kriyAe~, aneka zabda prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| apanI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie aneka loka-pracalita udAharaNoM ko prastuta kara ke sarala DhaMga se samajhAyA haiM, jisase adhyAtma jaisA kaThina viSaya bhI saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai| apanI bAta ko samajhAne ke lie upamA, rUpaka, udAharaNa; dRSTAMta jaise alaMkAroM yA svAbhAvika DhaMga se prayoga kiyA hai| isI prakAra loka-pracalita muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM kA prayoga kathya ko prastuta karane meM adhika upayogI siddha hue| vaha kSIra-nIra kA prayoga karatA hai| lUTA lUTa jaise zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai, to sIpa meM cAMdI kA bhrama cAmIkara kA nyAya, illI kA bhramarI ho jAnA, kolhU ke baila kI taraha jute rahanA, rajju meM sAMpa kA bhrama, jaise udAharaNoM se apanI bAta samajhAte hai to sAtha hI moha kI lagAma, mana kA jAla Adi ke rUpaka ddhArA bhI apanI bAta kahate haiN| yazovijayajI kI 'samAdhizataka' hI nahIM, anya racanAoM ko par3hane ke bAda vahI Ananda AtA hai jo kabIra yA dayArAma meMmilatA hai / chaMda kI dRSTi se kahIM kahIM skhalana huA hai, lekina AdhyAtmya kI dhArA meM yaha kahIM aMtarAya nahIM banatA /

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The Concept of Jain Penology Dr. Ramesh C. Lalan To acquaint this assembly of the Learned with the concept of JAIN PENOLOGY as spelled out in his thesis 'Penology and Jaina Scriptures,' for which the author was conferred doctoral degree of philosophy in law by the University of Bombay, it becomes incumbant to understand precise meaning of penology by delineating at the outset the changing definition of the term 'penology.' Penology is considered as a part of Criminology, which is a science which concerns itself with the problem of crime-causation and crime-prevention. Penology starts with the definition of punishment and ends ironically with a plea for total abolition of punishment, suggesting a substitute therapy of treatment, correction, reformation, rehabilitation and resocialization of the so-called 'criminal,' 'delinquent', 'deviant who cannot conform to the social norms' and 'client for correctional apparatus.' In its original structure, penology studies and analyzes the history, theories, purposes and effects of punishment in relation to crime-causation and crime-prevention. In its modern outlines, penology assumes the form of correctional apparatus and transforms itself into the theory of social defence. 25

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386 Jain Sahitya Samaroh With its inter-discipiinary aspects, its changing value-concepts and its transitional phase, penology, in its confrontation with the immutable Jaina Scriptures, is defined as STRATEGY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME and the Jain Penology is defined as Strategy in the fight against Karman. Penology so defined can safely avoid the conflict and controversy with the sociological thearists who visualize crime not as 'an inherent property of an act' but as mere deviance not conforming to the social norms. If social re-arrangement can immunize individual against crime, the technique of individual re-arrangement, known technically as the process of 'samvara' (impeding of Karma) can equally and more efficaciously immunize the society from crime. All the penal codes, ranging their penalties from mild admonition to the cruel death sentence are but as many social acknowledgments of the proclaimed failure to cure the individual human mind of its criminal tendency. Combat at.psyphic and psychological levels to treat deviance so as to make the human conduct conform to the social norms is still at an experimental and investigational stage. Before the outcome of this treatment method is known, the sociological theorists, denouncing all the efforts at correctionalism, insist upon social re-arrangement with the fundamental social changes where there would be neither opportunity nor inclination to commit crime !

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The Concept of Jain Penology Visualizers of this dreamland do, however admit: "it is a failing in sociological theory that it has rarely examined concepts such as guilt and conscience". This single but solid confession has brought the ship of penology to the shores, from the gusty winds seeking fundamental social changes over the turbulent waters of punishment and waves of treatment. Now the ship can easily sail into the deep waters of religious philosophy and in the right direction towards the infinite realms of conscience, veiled and clouded as it is by the fog of Karmas. Jain-penology is the child of Karma Philosophy, The Criminologists know Karma in its retributory and retaliatory role. In this thesis, material role played by Karma in the causation and prevention of crime is sought to be established. Karma has a determining effect on the events but the Karma Philosophy is not the philosophy of pre-determinism. There is ample scope, of course, for free-will and for effort purushartha, hence the call for fight against Karma. 387 Investigations at the psychic and psychological strata and the ideas of fundamental social changes by way of social re-arrangement, however laudable, are certainly not the last word for crime-causation and crime-prevention. More subtle than the psyche and more visible through its effects, the Karma influences the individual souls, subjecting to births and deaths, gains and losses, pains and pleasures

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388 Jaio Sabitya Samaroh & etc, so much so that the individuals cannot even idendify their real SELF! PENOLOGY AND JAIN-PENOLOGY : Penology when defined as the strategy in the fight against crime, includes the concepts of punishment, treatment, reformation, social re-arrangement or any other measures likely to be adopted as strategy in the fight against crime by policemen, jurists, parliament, psychiatrists, prison-officials, group, institutions and society at large. In this sense, the origin and evolution of penology is, according to the Jaina Scriptures, in the seven danda-nitis. A further development in the penal measures including ordeal as a proof of innocence can be traced in the Jain Puranas. The Scriptural tales and anecdotes seriously endeavour to harmonize the religious philosophical principle, namely, the Law of Karma with the socio-legal concept of individual responsibility and liability by extending the effects thereof even after several births. In the different modes and forms of punishment devised as prison-tortures one can easily decipher an attempt to establish their fraternal resemblance with hell-tortures which an erring soul is expected to be subjected to. Coming to the monastic jurisprudence, where the ten prayaschittas are prescribed, it cannot escape notice even of a casual reader that here penology assumes the religious philosophical hues since the individual who commits the lapses and transgressi

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The Concept of Jain Penology 389 ons of vows is not a criminal cut a penitent monk, who has dedicated his entire life, wealth and fortune for the upliftment of his soul and of others. Jain-penology thus enunciated as the strategy in the fight against Karma is not the whole but only a part of the Jain hilosophy; nonetheless, in order to comprehend this part, it would be advisable to study the whole of Jain Philosophy to dispel any doubt or confusion In the definition of Jain-penology, the concept of punishment has been entirely eliminated and that too not without a purpose. In total defiance, however, of the new trends and developments in penology, some Islamic States like Pakistan and Iran have, in a bid to curb crime with relentless hand, retraced their steps fifteen centuries behind and have, in this process of reversal, introduced cruel and harsh forms of punishments as laid down in Koran. On the other hand, the comparatively rich American and European countries are engaged in experimenting at enormous cost the treatment therapy with the help of highly paid social workers, probationofficers, psychiatrists, judges, magistrates, prisonofficials, statisticians, field-workers and others with no certainty of better results either. Jain Philosophy does not prescribe punishment or infliction of pain in any form on any individual for any crime or misdeed. True religious philosophy with its never dying hope in the transformation of heart and its firm conviction in the essential purity of soul can

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390 Jain Sabitya Samaroh prescribe forgivance and pardon, and not punishment, even for the most heinous crimes. The height of punishment with the maximum of tortures is to be found in the Jaina Eschatological descriptions. Simply because the Jaina Scriptures describe these horrid punishments, it would be wrong to interprete that the same are prescribed by the Jaina Scriptures since they represent illustratively nothing else but the inevitable consequences of action or Karma which can possibly be avoided by dharma. The descriptions of the agonizing tortures are made more with the detterent intention to remind the erring soul of the possible consequences of his indiscriminate action and it would be a misinterpretation of religious philosophy if one reads in these descriptions any model for punishment for imitation, since religious philosophy prescribes pardon and not punishment for the worst of offences. Here lies the subtle but solid distinction between penology and Jain-penology; Karma leads one even to hell but its prevention, if at all possible, is through dharma. The Judge who imposes a capital sentence prescribed law knows that enforced penalty has behind it the force of social sanction but never the backing of true religious philosophy. Did not Christ pray even for those who hanged him ?! Lord Rsabhadeva after his enthronement as the first King, formulated four danda-nitis as a part of social obligation to be discharged and not as religious enjoinments.

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The Concept of Jain Penology 391 Harsh and exacting as the Law of Karma may appear to be in subjecting the soul to infernal tortures and doling out punishment every moment in one form or the other by obstructing the real qualities of individual soul as an inevitable reaction to every action, the Jaina religious philosophy still vehemently and emphatically opposes the idea of punishment in any form even to the worst of offenders and positively enjoins Kshama (pardon), It is one thing to point out the retributory and retaliatory role of Karma but quite another even to wish in thoughts that the perpetrator of crimes be subjected even to the slightest of punishment. This extremely merciful and compassionate attitude of religious philosophy and principle was not unknown but became a matter of criticism by authors on polity and administration. Somadeva Suri, for example, forbids the King to take the religious attitude towards criminals. Contribution of Jain-penology, notwithstanding thorough elimination of punishment, lies in the prevention of crimogenic tendencies in individuals by adoption of samvara and to that extent it has immense social significance in positive terms. This can be better understood by evaluation of distinctions and identity of religious philosophy with social sciences in its proper perspective. After adoption of samvara, the lapses and transgressions which are likely to occur can be cured by undergo ing purificatory penances under the constant gui

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392 Jain Sahitya Samarch dance and supervision of the Guru or his nominee who administered the the vow of Maha-vrata or Anu-vrata. Thus the strategy to fight Karma is neither hypothetical nor imaginary but is at a time both practicle and practicable, firmly grounded as it is on the religious philosophy of Jainism, preached and practised by Jaina Monks for ages. For social immunity against crime, samvara (individualrearrangement) is the remedy rightly to be applied by criminologists.

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