Jain Dharma me Ahimsa

Author(s): Basistha Narayan Sinha
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002125/1

Page #1
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA savaya bhUyakhemaMkarI 260 DaoN. baziSThanAtyayaNa sinhA pArvanAma bAruNatA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI

Page #2
sampAdaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 17 DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA lekhaka DaoN0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA ema.e., pI-eca.DI., DI.liT. vidyApI vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI

Page #3
pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA pustaka lekhaka prakAzaka mUlya mudraka e dvitIya saMskaraNa : 2002 I. ISBN Book Author Publisher - : jaina dharma meM ahiMsA : DaoN. baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI. roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI-221005. 17 : dUrabhASa saMkhyA: 316521, 318046 phaiksa : 0542-318046 : 300.00 rupaye mAtra Parswanatha Vidyapitha Series : 17 aruNa presa, bI. 17 / 2, tilabhANDezvara vArANasI-1 : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI Second Edition Price Printed at 81-86715-66-5 : Jaina-Dharma me Ahimsa : Dr. Bashishtha Narayan Sinha : Parswanatha Vidyapitha, I.T. I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-221005. Telephone No. : 316521, 318046 Fax: 0542-318046 : 2002 : Rs. 300.00 only : Arun Press, B. 17/2, Tilbhandeswer Varanasi-1.

Page #4
samarpaNa guruvara DaoN0 ramAkAnta tripAThI prophesara evaM adhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI tathA DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA adhyakSa, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ko amita zraddhA evaM sneha ke sAtha

Page #5

Page #6
parama pUjya AcArya zrI rAjayazasUri jI ma. sA. kI preraNA se zrI ratanalAla sI. vAphanA, jalagA~va ne isa pustaka hetu 15,000 ru0 kA Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA /

Page #7
svargIya lAlA banArasI dAsa jaina

Page #8
prakAzakIya jaina dharma evaM darzana meM ahiMsA kA pramukha sthAna hai| jaina dharma-darzana kA anIzvaravAdI adhyAtmavAda isI tattva se nirmita hai, jo prANI mAtra ke prati maitrI bhAvanA rakhane ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdaka hai| mahAvIra ne kahA hai tathimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyaM / ahiMsA niuNA diTThA, savvabhUesu sNjmo|| sabhI jIvoM ke prati saMyama aura anuzAsana kI tathA pArasparika saMbaMdha meM samatA kI bhAvanA rakhanA hI nipuNa tejasvI ahiMsA hai| yaha parama sukha aura cidAnaMda dene meM samartha hai| yadyapi isa naitika siddhAnta-mA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni ( kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAnA cAhie ) ko brAhmaNa aura bauddha paraMparAoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai parantu jaina dharma meM isakA sArvatrika prayoga vihita hai| zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM kA saMpUrNa jIvana unakI AdhyAtmika sthiti ke anusAra pUrNataH yA AMzika rUpa se isI AcAra-siddhAnta se niyaMtrita hotA hai| vastuta. jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita pratyeka niyama pratyakSa yA apratyakSa rUpa se isI siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| . ahiMsA vizva kA zAzvata siddhAnta hai / yaha hamezA jIva kI hiMsA kA virodha karatA rahA hai, cAhe vaha eka mAnava kI ho, kisI varga kI yA rASTra kI ho athavA anya kisI kii| tamAma asapha. latAoM aura upahAsoM ke bAvajUda bhI yaha krodha, mAna, kapaTa, lolupatA, svArthaparatA aura aise hI anya dUSita bhAvoM ke viruddha niraMtara saMgharSa karatA rahA hai| sadiyoM se jaina apanI zraddhA evaM AcaraNa ke lie yAtanAeM sahatA rahA, lekina usane kisI Izvara ke sAmane apanI rakSA kI bhIkha nahIM mAMgI aura na apane tathAkathita zatruoM se badalA lene kI bhAvanA hI rkhii|

Page #9
prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ke lekhaka DA0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA haiM jo pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke 'bRhad bambaI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina mahAsaMgha zodha-chAtra' rahe haiN| prabandha kA nirdezana evaM saMpAdana saMsthAnAdhyakSa DA. mohanalAla mehatA ne kiyA hai| isake prakAzana kA vyaya dillI ke zrI vijaya kumAra jaina eNDa sansa ne apane pitA lAlA banArasIdAsa, jo lAlA milakhomala ke suputra evaM amRtasara ke eka pratiSThita parivAra ke sadasya the, kI puNya-smRti meM vahana kiyA hai / sva. lAlA banArasI dAsa kA paricaya isa prakAra hai : lAlA banArasI dAsa ne san 1889 meM amRtasara ke eka ucca gharAne meM janma liyaa| unheM zurU se hI jaina dharma meM bar3A lagAva thA va yaha zauka nirantara bar3hatA hI gyaa| ve sUrya kI taraha camake jisakI jyoti-tale Aja bhI unakA parivAra camacamA rahA hai| sUrya yadyapi asta ho gayA magara usakI amiTa rozanI cahu~ora hai| ve eka sacce samAja sevo the jinhoMne tana-mana-dhana se samAja ko unnata-samunnata banAne kA bharasaka prayatna kiyaa| sarvottama saphalatA prApta karane ke lie kArya meM rata hokara ve apane Apa ko bhUla jAte the| Alasya ko to ve jIvita manuSya kI kabara samajhate the| ve sAhasI mahApuruSa the jo kabhI bhI himmata na hArate the| unakA kahanA thA ki saMgharSa ho jindagI hai, jaba taka sAMsa hai saMgharSoM se jUjhate jAo, saphalatA svayameva milegii| vizvAsa aura ijjata ko usa mahAnubhAva ne banAe rakhA kyoMki ina donoM kI samApti ke sAtha insAna kI bhI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| unhoMne bure insAna se kabhI ghRNA nahIM kI, balki usako burAI se kii| ve eka mahAn dAnI the, jo dhArmika va zaikSaNika saMsthAoM ko adhikAdhika dAna dete the| vase to unake samasta guNa unake suputra vijaya kumAra meM haiM parantu itanA vizeSa hai ki ve dAna meM pitA se bhI bar3hakara haiM, yaha kaha diyA jAya to atizayokti na hogii| dharma-karma meM unakA aTUTa vizvAsa thaa| unakI vANI meM eka aisA jAdU thA jisase AkarSita hokara parAye bhI apane bana jAte the| unhoMne

Page #10
all the can ways you can all can besahAroM ko sahArA diyaa| ve duHkhiyoM ke hamadardI the| unhoMne yahI sikhalAyA:Do all the good you can means you the the places you In all the times you can all the people you As long you can saMkSepa meM unheM dharmapriya, satyapriya, nyAyapriya, kSamAzIla evaM dhairyazIla kahate hue merA mana zraddhA se jhuka jAtA hai| apane parivAra para unakI gaharI chApa hai| aise mahApuruSoM ke padacihnoM para calane se samAja unnati ko ora agrasara hogaa| dhanya thA unakA jIvana / can as rUpamahala pharIdAbAda 2-4-72 harajasarAya jaina mantrI, zrI sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti amRtasara

Page #11
lekhakIya (dvitIya saMskaraNa) Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM mAnava jIvana kA bAhya pakSa jitanA hI vistRta hotA jA rahA hai, Antarika pakSa utanA hI saMkIrNa hotA jA rahA hai| isalie mAnava ne apanI vaijJAnika khojoM ke sadupayoga kI jagaha unake durupayoga ko pasanda karane lagA hai| usakI mAnavI pravRtti kSINa ho rahI hai aura dAnavI pravRtti balavatI ho rahI hai / vaha bhUla gayA hai ki eka sukhada evaM zAntimaya jIvana ke lie ghRNA nahIM prema kI, dveSa nahIM dostI kI, durbhAva nahIM sadbhAva kI tathA hiMsA nahIM ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| hiMsA vinAza lAtI hai aura ahiMsA vikAsa pradAna karatI hai| vartamAna bhayAkrAnta mAnava jIvana ko bhayamukta banAne ke lie ahiMsA mArga ko apanAne ke sivA anya koI upacAra nahIM hai| ahiMsA-siddhAnta kA sabase prabala pratipAdaka evaM pratipAlaka jaina dharma-darzana hai| ahiMsA-siddhAnta yadyapi eka prAcIna mata hai phira bhI isakI prAsaMgikatA mAnava jIvana evaM vizva zAnti ke lie Aja to hai hI, bhaviSya meM bhI rhegii| "jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA" prathama bAra san 1972 meM prakAzita huI thii| lagabhaga san 1980 taka isakI prAya: sabhI pratiyA~ bika cukI thiiN| taba se Aja taka kahIM na kahIM se isake lie ahiMsA sambandhI zodhakartAoM kI mAMgeM AtI rahI haiN| gata varSa to mujhe sAsArAma (bihAra) kI eka zodha chAtrA ke lie isa sampUrNa pustaka kA phoTo-sTeTa usake yahA~ bhejavAnA par3A thaa| Aja "jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA' apane dvitIya saMskaraNa meM mudrita hokara ahiMsA premiyoM kI samajha upasthita hai| isase mujhe ati prasannatA ho rahI hai| jaina dharma-darzana, vizeSa rUpa se ahiMsA ke pracAra-prasAra meM ruci rakhane vAle zraddheya zrI ratana lAla jI vAphanA, jalagA~va (mahArASTa) ne "jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke prakAzana ke lie Arthika sahAyatA pradAna kI hai| maiM unake prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina, mAnanIya saciva, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI kA bhI maiM kRtajJa hU~, jinake prayAsa se yaha sahAyatA mila sakI hai|

Page #12
DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, variSTha prAdhyApaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kA maiM AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne sarvaprathama isa pustaka ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke prakAzana hetu Arthika sahAyatA ke lie zrI vAphanA sA0 se jalagA~va meM Agraha kiyA aura phira yahA~ se isakA phoTo-sTeTa unakI sevA meM bhejavAne kA kaSTa kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke hI DaoN0 zivaprasAda, variSTha prAdhyApaka, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, variSTha prAdhyApaka, zrI omaprakAza siMha, zrI rAkeza siMha Adi ke prati maiM AbhArI hU~, jina logoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM isa pustaka ke prakAzana meM sahayoga kiyA hai| maiM apane putra-putravadhU - DaoN0 vijaya kumAra, prAdhyApaka pA0 vi0 tathA DaoN0 sudhA jaina, prAdhyApikA, pA0 vi0 ko zubhAzIrvAda detA hU~, jina logoM ne "jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA" ke prakAzana se sambandhita kAryoM meM apanI samucita bhUmikAeM nibhAI haiN| mudraNa meM sahayoga ke lie vardhamAna mudraNAlaya dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| vijayAdazamI dinAMka 26.10.2001 ena-4/4bI. -4 Ara. zAnti nilayana kRSNapurI,karauMdI, posTa-susuvAhI vArANasI- 221005 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA

Page #13
purovAk " mAyA ke mohaka vanakI kyA kahU~ kahAnI paradezI, bhaya hai sunakara ha~sa doge merI nAdAnI paradezI / " zrI rAmadhArI siMha 'dinakara' ko mAyA kI mohaka kahAnI kahane meM bhaya thA / zAyada mAyA kI mohakatA meM ulajhakara unhoMne bahuta bar3I nAdAnI kI thI / DAkTara banane kA moha mujhe bhI kucha aisA hI thA aura isake lie maiM ATha varSAM taka ulajhA rahA / ve ATha varSa eka lambI kahAnI prastuta karate haiM, jise maiM apanI nAdAnI nahIM balki jIvana kA saMgharSa samajhatA hU~ / saMgharSa ke kSaNa duHkhadAyI avazya hote haiM para jIvana-patha ke lie ve kucha aise pAtheya pradAna kara jAte haiM, jinase vyakti sarvadA sukha prApta karatA hai / ataeva apanI kahAnI sunAne meM mujhe bhaya nahIM hai ki Apa ha~sa deMge aura use maiM pUrNataH nahIM kintu AMzika rUpa meM Apake samakSa rakhanA cAhU~gA / isa bAta kI AvazyakatA bhI mujhe isalie jAna par3atI hai ki apane zodha-prabandha kI yojanA para prakAza DAlane ke pazcAt jina logoM ke prati mujhe AbhAra vyakta karanA hai ve koI aura nahIM balki merI kahAnI ke pAtra haiM, bhale hI unhoMne apanI bhUmikA cAhe jisa rUpa meM nibhAI ho / san 1656 meM kA0 vi0 vi0 ke darzana vibhAga se maiM ema0 e0 uttIrNa huA aura bar3I umaMga ke sAtha DaoN0 candradhara zarmA ke nirIkSaNa meM zodhakArya ke lie isI vizvavidyAlaya meM maiMne prArthanA patra jamA kiyaa| mujhe pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama kI ora se eka sau rupaye mAha kI chAtravRtti dene kA AzvAsana diyA gayA aura paMjIkaraNa ke bAda chAtravRtti milI bhI / kAraNa, merA zodha viSaya thA 'ahiMsA ke dhArmika evaM dArzanika AdhAra' jo jainadharma se saMbaMdhita thA / paMjIkaraNa kI sUcanA ke sAtha vizvavidyAlaya kAryAlaya ne sujhe DaoN0 ramAkAnta tripAThI ke nirIkSaNa meM kArya karane ko Adeza diyA / kintu tatkAlIna paristhitivaza maiMne janavarI 1660 se DaoN0 zarmA ke nirIkSaNa meM kArya prArambha kiyA, yadyapi merA paMjIkaraNa julAI 1956 se hI mAnA gayA /

Page #14
(11) isI bIca pA0vi0 ke adhiSThAtA paM0 kRSNacandrAcArya se merA kucha matabheda huA aura maiMne vidyAzrama kI chAtravRtti lenI banda kara dii| yahA~ taka ki liye gaye rupaye bhI maiMne lauTA die aura svataMtra rUpa se zodhakArya prArambha kiyaa| taba merA viSaya huA---'zAnti parva kA darzana' / kintu san 1960 ke uttarArdha meM DaoN0 zarmA darzana vibhAga ke prophesara evaM adhyakSa banakara jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya meM cale gae aura DaoN0 nandakizora devarAja bhAratIya darzana evaM dharma vibhAga ke pro0 evaM adhyakSa hokara kA0 vi0vi0 meM A ge| niyamAnusAra usa samaya taka mere zodhakArya kI avadhi pUrI nahIM huI thii| ata: mujhe nirIkSaka badalanA par3A aura maiM DaoN. devarAja ke nirIkSaNa meM A gyaa| nirIkSaka badalane ke kAraNa mujhe vibhAga bhI badalanA pdd'aa| phalata: darzana vibhAga se maiM bhAratIya darzana evaM dharma vibhAga meM A gyaa| naye vibhAga meM praveza pAte hI DaoN. zarmA ke nirIkSaNa meM kie gaye kArya kI avadhi samApta kara dI gaI aura DaoN0 devarAja ke nirIkSaNa meM maiM eka naye vidyArthI ke rUpa meM samajhA gyaa| khaira ! kArya karatA gayA, isa AzA ke sAtha ki jaldI se jaldI zodhakArya samApta hogA, DaoNkTara bnuugaa| isa taraha san 1664 ke jUna taka kArya karatA rahA / zodha-prabandha bhI jaisA maiM samajha rahA thA, karIba-karIba pUrA ho rahA thA aura mujhe pUrI AzA ba~dha gaI thI ki isa varSa DAkTara bana jAU~gA aura jIvana kI anya gati-vidhi,meM lagUgA / parantu dhIre-dhIre yaha sthiti A gaI ki zodhaprabandha meM jamA na kara sakA / jaba aisI sthiti kA mujhe bhAna huA to mere pairoM ke nIce se dharatI khisakatI huI najara aaii| kyoMki taba taka pArivArika uttaradAyitva evaM Arthika bojha se merA kandhA dabA jA rahA thaa| para usa dina bhI mere mana kA moha na gayA / arthopArjana ke sAtha hI zodhakArya ke saphala samApana ke uddezya se maiM kalakattA calA gyaa| apane sasura jI ke baNDela sthita nivAsasthAna para rAtri vyatIta karatA thA aura dina bhara kalakatte ke vibhinna seThasAhukAroM tathA kucha zikSAvidoM ke bhI daravAje khaTakhaTAtA phiratA thaa| sAthahI maukA milane para rASTrIya pustakAlaya se pustakeM lekara kucha par3ha liyA karatA thaa| isa taraha eka-do-tIna karake sAta mAha samApta ho gaye / sasurAla ke sukhada svAgata ko dekhate hue kisI nAdAna ne kahA thA-'sasurAla rahe ke cAhI', to kisI samajhadAra ne usakA pratikAra karate hue kahA thA--'dina duie cArI' arthAt sasurAla meM do-cAra dinoM taka hI rahanA caahie| aura maiM to paristhitivaza sAta mAha raha gyaa| isake bAvajUda bhI bAta kucha jamI nahIM, na to Arthika pragati

Page #15
(12) ho sakI aura na zodhakArya hI pUrNatA kI ora bar3ha paayaa| isI bIca bhAI amaranAtha jAyasavAla se bheMTa huI aura unakI salAha evaM apanI paristhiti ko dekhate hue apraila 1665 meM banArasa lauTa aayaa| banArasa Akara jaba zodhakArya ke sambandha meM maiMne sthiti kA Akalana kiyA to pAyA ki maiM usI sthAna para thA, jahA~ para kalakattA jAne se pUrva thA / aisA dekhakara maiM kucha dinoM taka 'kiMkartavya vimUr3ha' kI sthiti meM rahA / taba bandhuvara mejara zrI mahAvIra siMha kI rAya pAkara maiM phira pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke naye adhyakSa DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA se milA, jinhoMne apane nirIkSaNa meM kArya karane aura do sau rupaye mAsika chAtravRtti dene kI sahamati dii| unakI sahamati se mujhe bahuta bar3A bala milA aura phira 'jaina dharma meM ahiMsA-vicAra' viSaya lekara naye paMjIkaraNa ke sAtha julAI 1965 se maiMne nayA zodhakArya prArambha kiyaa| isa bAra merA zodha-prabandha ThIka samaya para pUrA ho gayA aura akTUbara 1967 meM maiMne use parIkSA hetu jamA kara diyA, jisake phalasvarUpa kAzI vizvavidyAlaya ke san 1967 ke dIkSAnta samAroha meM mujhe DaoNkTara banane kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| Aja merA zodha prabandha 'jaina dharma meM ahiMsA' ke nAma se chapakara pustaka ke rUpa meM Apake sAmane hai / pustaka meM kula chaH adhyAya haiN| prathama adhyAya hai 'jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA' / isa adhyAya meM yaha dikhalAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jaina paramparA, jisa para zodha-prabandha AdhArita hai, ke alAvA anya paramparAoM meM ahiMsA ko kaunasA sthAna prApta hai / yadyapi zodha-prabandha meM maiMne mAtra vaidika evaM bauddha paramparAoM ke hI ahiMsA-sambandhI siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA hai para prastuta pustaka meM sikkha, pArasI, yahUdI, IsAI, islAma, tAo Adi vizva kI pramukha paramparAoM meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko dI gaI mAnyatAoM para prakAza DAlane kI AkAMkSAoM ko maiM roka nahIM pAyA, isa vajaha se yaha adhyAya kAphI lambA ho gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya hai 'ahiMsA-sambandhI jaina sAhitya' / yoM to jaina dharma ke mUla meM hI ahiMsA hai aura prAya: isakI sabhI dhArmika evaM dArzanika racanAoM meM hiMsAahiMsA kI thor3I bahuta jhalaka mila hI jAtI hai| phira bhI kucha aise grantha haiM jinameM hiMsA-ahiMsA kI pUrNa vivecanA milatI hai| una granthoM kA paricaya evaM unameM kina-kina sthAnoM para hiMsA-ahiMsA kA vizleSaNa huA hai, unakA saMketa isa adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| isase eka lAbha to yaha hai ki ahiMsA ke viSaya

Page #16
(13) meM jAnakArI karanevAloM ko jaina sAhitya rUpI sAgara kA maMthana na karanA hogA aura dUsarA lAbha yaha hai ki yadi ve pustakoM ke racanA-kAla para dhyAna deMge to ahiMsA-siddhAnta kI aitihAsikatA kA bhI jJAna unheM ho skegaa| tRtIya adhyAya hai 'jainadRSTi se ahiMsA' / yaha adhyAya pustaka kA hRdayarUpa hai / isameM jaina-vAGmaya meM prApta hiMsA-ahiMsA sambandhI jo bhI dArzanika vivecana haiM una para prakAza DAlA gayA hai; sAthahI hiMsA-ahiMsA kI paribhASA, prakAra, sAdhana, phala Adi kA vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai jise par3hakara koI yaha samajha sakatA hai ki ahiMsA kA sthAna kevala nItizAstra meM hI nahIM, balki tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM bhI hai| caturtha adhyAya hai 'jainAcAra aura ahiMsA' / isameM zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra para prakAza DAlate hue yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki jaina muniyoM evaM gRhasthoM ko apane jIvana meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko utArane ke liye kisa prakAra ke vidhividhAnoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| __ paMcama adhyAya hai 'gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA tathA jaina dharma pratipAdita ahiNsaa'| Adhunika yuga meM gAMdhIvAda ahiMsA kA sabala samarthaka mAnA jAtA hai| kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai ki gAMdhIvAdo ahiMsA jainamata pratipAdita ahiMsA kA anugamana karatI hai| donoM meM kAphI antara hai / lekina aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki donoM ke bIca mela yA sAmaMjasya nahIM hai| kahA~-kahA~ para ahiMsA ke sambandha meM gAMdhIvAda evaM jainamata eka dUsare ke nikaTa haiM aura kahA~-kahA~ para dUra haiM, ise hI prakAza meM lAnA isa adhyAya kA uddezya hai| SaSTha adhyAya hai 'upasaMhAra' / isameM pUre zodha-prabandha kA sAra hai jise par3ha lene para pAThaka ke sAmane pUrI pustaka kI eka jhalaka A sakatI hai| isa kArya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM mujhe aneka logoM se sahAyatA milI hai| unameM se jinake nAma aba taka Apake sAmane A gaye haiM una sabakA maiM atyanta hI RNI huuN| padmabhUSaNa DaoN0 bhIkhana lAla Atreya, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, darzana, manovijJAna evaM bhAratIya darzana tathA dharma vibhAga, kAzI vizvavidyAlaya; pro0 rAjArAma zAstrI, sadasya, bhAratIya loka-sabhA tathA bhUtapUrva kulapati, kAzI vidyApITha; paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, adhyakSa, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda; DaoN0 ke0 zivarAman evaM DaoN0 ramAzaMkara mizra, rIDara, darzana uccAnuzIlana kendra, kA0 vi0 vi0 tathA DaoN0 gulAbacandra

Page #17
(14) caudharI, prophesara, navanAlandA mahAbihAra kA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinake AzIrvAda mujhe hamezA hI milate rahe haiN| rASTrasanta upAdhyAya zrI amaracandra jI mahArAja evaM DaoN. satakArI sukarjI, bhU0 pU0 adhyakSa navanAlandA mahAbihAra, ne merI pustaka para apane mahattvapUrNa abhimata dekara mujha para asIma kRpA kI hai| isake lie maiM inakA vizeSa AbhArI hU~ / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke prANa AdaraNIya lAlA harajasa rAya jaina kI sahAnubhUti mujhe hamezA hI prApta rahI hai / zrImatI manoramA mehatA se mujhe hamezA hI pArivArika sneha milatA A rahA hai / ata: ina sabakA maiM atyadhika AbhArI huuN| ___ bandhuvara DaoN. mohanacanda jozI, pro0 evaM adhyakSa, manovijJAna vibhAga, rAyapura vizvavidyAlaya, DaoN. raghunAtha giri, rIDara, darzana vibhAga, kAzI vidyApITha tathA DaoN0 rAmaikabAla pANDeya, adhyakSa, manovijJAna vibhAga, gurukula kAMgar3I ke sneha evaM sahayoga mujhe sadA utsAhita karate rahe haiN| ataeva inake prati kRtajJatA vyakta kie binA maiM raha nahIM sktaa| __mitravara zrI ravIndrakumAra zRgI, saMgIta mahAvidyAlaya, kA0 vi0 vi0; DaoN. ajita zukadeva zarmA, darzana vibhAga, kA0 vi0 vi0; DaoN. ramAkAnta siMha, manovijJAna vibhAga, alIgar3ha vizvavidyAlaya; DaoN0 arhadAsa dige, darzana vibhAga, ArTa sa eNDa kaoNmarsa kaoNleja, karADa (mahArASTra); paM0 kapiladeva giri, zrI harihara siMha evaM zrI mohana lAla, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama; zrI vaidyanAtha siMha, chitarI; zrI sadAnanda siMha, jalAlapura, Adi kA maiM bahuta AbhArI hU~ jinase mujhe hamezA hI sneha evaM sahayoga milatA rahA hai| apane parivAra ke sadasyoM vizeSakara apane mAtA-pitA zrImatI jayalakSmI sinhA tathA zrI paMcama sinhA, anuja zrI ravIndra evaM vizvamohana aura dharmapatnI zrImatI zAnti sinhA kA bahuta hI AbhArI hU~ jinheM mere zodha kArya kI dIrgha vyastatA ke kAraNa aneka kaSTa jhelane pdd'e| apanI choTI bahana zazi kA maiM khAsa taura se AbhArI hU~ jo mujhe pustaka kI chapAI tathA anya paThana-pAThana evaM lekhana sambandhI kAryoM kI yAda dilAkara utsAhita karatI rahatI hai| DI0 1/48, gopAlakRSNa bhavana lAhaurI TolA, vA rA Na sI mahAzivarAtri, 13 pharavarI, 1972 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA

Page #18
prastuta pustaka me prathama adhyAya pR0 3-100 jainetara paraMparAoM meM ahiMsA vaidika paraMparA upaniSad smRti vAlmIki rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata gItA purANa brAhmaNa-darzana bauddha-paraMparA sikkha-paraMparA pArasI-paraMparA yahUdI-paraMparA IsAI-paraMparA islAma-paraMparA tAo evaM kanphyUziyasa sUphI-sampradAya zinto-paraMparA K 6 5 4 2 538328 101-136 dvitIya adhyAya ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga 102 107

Page #19
( 16) 113 114 121 upAsakadazAMga praznavyAkaraNa nirayAvalikA uttarAdhyayana Avazyaka dazavakAlika . pravacanasAra samayasAra niyamasAra puruSArthasiddhaya pAya mUlAcAra ratnakaraMDa-upAsakAdhyayana 122 125 127 128 130 tRtIya adhyAya 140-208 140 142 144 145 147 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA hiMsA kI paribhASA hiMsA kA svarUpa hiMsA kI utpatti evaM bheda hiMsA ke vibhinna nAma hiMsA ke vividha rUpa svahiMsA aura parahiMsA SaTakAyoM kI hiMsA hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNa hiMsA ke stara hiMsA karanevAle kucha vizeSa loga tathA jAtiyAM hiMsA ke phala hiMsA ke poSaka tattva ahiMsA ahiMsA kI paribhASA ahiMsA ke rUpa 1488 143 113 / 155 161 163 5 174 181

Page #20
( 17 ) 187 ahiMsA ke prakAra dayA 187 dAna 186 160 163 200 dAna ke prakAra dAna ke phala ahiMsA kyoM ? ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva ahiMsA kA tAttvika vivecana mahAvIrakAlIna ahiMsA-siddhAnta mahAvIrakAlottara ahiMsA-siddhAnta 201 202 204 206 catutha adhyAya jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 206-234 aNuvrata 210 guNavrata zikSAvata zramaNAcAra athavA zramaNa-dharma rAtribhojana-viramaNavrata samiti tathA gupti SaDAvazyaka 217 226 228 232 234 paMcama adhyAya gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA tathA jainadharma-pratipAdita ahiMsA 235-263 ahiMsA kI paribhASA 237 ahiMsA kA svarUpa hiMsA tathA ahiMsA ke vibhitra rUpa sarvabhUtahitAya ahiMsA hiMsA ke bAhya kaarnn| 238

Page #21
241 244 247 246 250 250 251 252 ( 18 ) mAtra jIva ko mAra denA hI hiMsA nahIM ahiMsA kI vizeSatA ahiMsA na rUr3hivAda hai, na upayogitAvAda ahiMsA aura dayA ahisA aura satya . ahiMsA aura brahmacarya ahiMsA aura yajJa ahiMsA aura khetI ahiMsA kA Arthika rUpa ahiMsA kA sAmAjika rUpa ahiMsA kA rAjanaitika rUpa gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA evaM jainadharma-pratipAdita ahiMsA ahiMsA tathA usakA svarUpa jIva hiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa tathA ahiMsA ke vibhinna nAma hiMsA tathA ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva ahiMsA aura khetI zramaNa aura zrAvaka ahiMsA aura yajJa ahiMsA aura Izvara ahiMsA aura dAna ahiMsA ke apavAda ahiMsA kA Arthika vivecana ahiMsA kA sAmAjika vivecana ahiMsA kA rAjanaitika vivecana 254 255 256 256 257 257 258 256 25 260 262 262 SaSTha adhyAya upasaMhAra AdhAra-grantha-sUcI anukramaNikA abhimata 264-281 282-264 265-308 309-312

Page #22
prathama adhyAya jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA bhAratIya saMskRti meM do antardhArAe~ pravAhita hotI haiM : vaidika vicAradhArA tathA zramaNa-vicAradhArA, jinheM vaidika saMskRti evaM zramaNa-saMskRti bhI kahA jAtA hai| cUki baidika saMskRti meM brAhmaNa yA purohita agraNI samajhe jAte haiM aura inake dvArA nirdezita karmakANDa-mArga kA anya sanAtanadharmI anugamana karate haiM, ise brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke nAma se bhI pukArate haiN| veda, upaniSad Adi isake AdhAra-grantha haiM / zramaNa-saMskRti kI do upadhArAeM haiM-bauddha evaM jaina / bauddha saMskRti ke AdhAra-grantha haiM piTaka Adi, tathA jaina saMskRti AgamoM para AdhArita hai| vaidika saMskRti pravRttiparaka jIvana se prArambha hokara nivRttiparaka jIvana kI ora bar3hatI hai kintu zramaNa-saMskRti zurU se hI nivRttiparaka hai| vaidika paramparA : vaidika paramparA kA zrIgaNeza vedoM se hotA hai| hindU dhArmika mAnyatA ke AdhAra para veda una IzvarIya pavitra pravacanoM ke saMkalana haiM, jo akATya aura amiTa haiM / aitihAsikatA ke AdhAra para ye samUce saMsAra kI mAnavakRta racanAoM meM sabase prAcIna haiN| prAcInatA evaM jJAna-bAhulya ke kAraNa vedoM kI gaNanA saMsAra kI uccatama koTi kI racanAoM meM hotI hai| vaidika saMskRti, sAhitya, dharma evaM darzana ke to ye prANa haiM / veda cAra haiM-Rgveda, sAmaveda, yajurveda tathA athrvved| inameM se pratyeka ke cAra vibhAga haiM-saMhitA, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka tathA upaniSad / inake alAvA smRti, sUtra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA, purANa Adi vaidika-paramparA ke pramukha grantha haiN| Rgveda kA samaya rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne vahI mAnA hai jo sindhusabhyatA kA mAnA gayA hai| RgvedakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti evaM

Page #23
jaina dharma meM zrahiMsA sindhu- saMskRti ke saMbaMdha ko dekhate hue unhoMne donoM ke lie I0 pUrva 3250 samaya nirdhArita kiyA hai / " vedakAlIna mAnava prakRti naTI kI goda meM palane ke kAraNa udAra hRdaya vAlA thA tathA usakA mastiSka ulajhanoM se pare thA / sAmAnya taura se vaha dUdha, dahI, ghI, khIra, cAvala, roTI, phala Adi khAtA thA / sAtha hI una bailoM, bher3oM aura bakaroM ke mAMsa bhI usakI bhojya sAmagriyoM meM zAmila the, jo yajJoM meM balisvarUpa mAre jAte the / yadA-kadA davA Adi ke rUpa meM vaha kutte kA mAMsa bhI kAma meM lAtA thA / gAya ko vaha avadhya 4 tathA bahuta acchI sampatti mAnatA thA, yadyapi yajJa meM vaisI gAyoM kI bali bhI vaha detA thA jo bA~jha hotI thIM, aura pAtra banAne tathA gAr3I Adi bA~dhane ke kAma meM gocarma kA prayoga karatA thA / " vaha zikAra khelane kA AdI thA ataH sUara, bhaiMsA, siMha Adi ko mArane yA pakar3ane meM Ananda kA anubhava karatA thA / usake sAmane mAnava evaM pazu se pare Ananda yA kaSTa denevAlI koI zakti thI to vaha 4 1. That the age of the Rigveda is not later than that of the Indus civilization of about 3250 B. C. has been already explained on the basis of the links of connection between the two cultures. Ancient India (Radha Kumud Mookerji), p. 52. 2. Meat also formed a part of dietary. The flesh of the ox, the sheep and the goat was normally eaten after being roasted on spits or cooked in earthenware or metal pots. Probably meat was eaten, as a rule, only on the occasions of sacrifice though such occasions were by no means rare, the domestic and the grand sacrifices being the order of the day. Vedic Age (Ed. R. C. Majumdar ), p. 393. Flesh was eaten but only of animals that were sacrificed, viz., sheep and goat. Ancient India (R. K. Mookerji), p. 67. 3. zravartyA zuna mantrAriNa pece na deveSu vivide maDitAram / apazyaM jAyAmamahIyamAnAmadhA me zyeno madhvA jabhAra ||13 4. hindI Rgveda- rAmagovinda trivedI, pRSTha 1020, maMtra 2. 5. hindI Rgveda- rAmagovinda trivedI, pRSTha 734, maMtra 26; bhazvidaya, jo madhu pUrNaM carma - pAtra madhyasthAna meM rakhA huA hai, usase madhupAna karo / hi0 R0, pR0 606, maM0 16; hi0 R0, pR0 1193, maMtra 16; pR0 1250, maMtra 22, R0 ve0 4. 18. 13.

Page #24
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA prakRti hI thii| vaha prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM yA vibhinna aMgoM kI pUjA kiyA karatA thA jisase ki vaha kaSTa se mukta ho pAtA aura Ananda kI prApti krtaa| ata: usake pUjya devatAoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hI adhika thii| niruktikAra yAska ke anusAra sthAna-vibhAga kI dRSTi se devatAoM kI tIna zreNiyA~ haiM-pRthvIsthAna, antarikSasthAna tathA sthAna / pRthvIsthAna-devatAoM meM agni kA, antarikSasthAna devatAoM meM indra kA tathA AkAzasthAna-devatAoM meM sUrya, savitA, viSNa Adi saura devatAoM kA sthAna sabase U~cA evaM mahattvapUrNa hai|' dArzanikoM ne isa bahudevatA-pUjana ko prAkRtika bahudevatAvAda (Naturalistic Pluralism) nAma diyA hai jo dhIredhIre Avasarika ekadevatAvAda (Henotheism), ekadevatAvAda (Monotheism) tathA brahmavAda (Monism) ke rUpa letA hai| svAbhAvika saralatA evaM niSkapaTatA ke kAraNa vedakAlIna mAnava ke sAmane na koI pecIdI samasyA thI aura na to usake samAdhAna ke liye koI U~cA siddhAnta hI / jaba vaha kisI prakAra kA vaiyaktika yA sAmAjika, zArIrika yA mAnasika tathA mAnuSika yA amAnuSika kaSTa pAtA thA to apane devatAoM kI ArAdhanA karatA thA, usake nimitta taraha-taraha kI AhutiyA~ detA thA aura kaSTa nivAraNa ke liye prArthanA karatA thaa| ataH vedoM meM prArthanA evaM prazaMsA kI bharamAra hai| una prArthanAoM meM "ahiMsantI" "hiMsyamAna", "hiMsanta", "ahiMsantIranAmayA",5 "hiMsantau" 1. bhAratIya darzana-paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pRSTha 54-55. 2. asme tA ta indra santu satyAhiMsantIrUpaspRzaH / vidyAma yAsAM bhujo dhenUnAM na vajrivaH / / R0 ve0 10. 12. 13. 3. prAdinmAtarAvizad yAsvA zucirahiMsyamAna uviyA vi vAvRdhe / anu yat pUrvA aruhat sanAjuvo ni navyasISvavarAsu dhAvate / R0 ve0 1.141.5. 4. prayaccha pazu tvarayA harauSamahiMsanta pauSadhIntui parvan / yAsAM somaH pari rAjyaM babhUvAmanyutA no vIrudho bhavantu / ma. ve0 12.3.31. 5. yAH sImAnaM virujanti mUrdhAnaM pratyarSaNIH / ahiMsantIranAmayA nidravantu bahibilam / / pra0ve0 6. 8. 13. 6. tarda hai pataMga hai jabhya hA upakkasa / brahmevAsaMsthitaM haviranadanta imAn __yavAnahiMsanto apadita / / a0 ve0 6.50.2.

Page #25
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA "hiMsra"', "hilAzaniharasA"2, "hiMsra", tathA "hiMsate"4 Adi zabda milate haiN| kintu ina zabdoM se hiMsA athavA ahiMsA ke naitika rUpa para koI prakAza nahIM pdd'taa| kAraNa, ina zabdoM ke dvArA adhika jagahoM para rAkSasoM ko mArane ke lie prArthanAeM kI gaI haiN| yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki ve rAkSasa kauna the ? sAmAnyataH rAkSasa kA artha duSTa yA durAcArI hotA hai / ataH durAcArI yA duSTa jisase samAja yA rASTra kI hAni ho usake vinAza kI bhAvanA kucha hada taka ahiMsA ke antargata A sakatI hai| kintu ho sakatA hai ki "rAkSasa" zabda se una AdivAsI anAryoM ko sambodhita kiyA jAtA rahA ho jinheM Arya loga nIca tathA nikRSTa samajhakara apane se dUra rakhanA cAhate the / yA rAkSasa kahe jAne vAle vahI loga to nahIM the jinake varNana mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM "rAkSasagaNa'' ke rUpa meM milate haiM / isa viSaya meM eka nizcita jAnakArI prastuta karanA svayaM eka zodha kA viSaya bana jAtA hai| ataH ina zabdoM ko nizcita rUpa se na hiMsA kA aura na ahiMsA kA hI samarthaka kahA jA sakatA hai| maitrAyaNI saMhitA meM agni se prArthanA kI gaI hai "he prajvalita lapaToM se jAjvalyamAna agni ! apanI deha se merI prajA ko kaSTa mata do athavA mata mAro" (mA hiMsIstanvA prjaaH)|" 1. ubhomayAvinnupa dhehi daMSTrA hiMsra: zizAno'varaM paraM ca / R0 ve0 10.87.3. utAntarikSe pari yAhi rAja ambhaiHsaMdhehyabhi yAtudhAnAn / / pra0 ke0 8. 3. 3. 2. agne tvacaM yAtudhAnasya bhindhi hiMsrAzaniharasA hantvenam / pra parvANijAtaveda zRNIhi kravyAtkraviSNuvicinotu vRkNama / R00 10. 87. 5. 3. tIkSNenAgne cakSuSA rakSa yajJaM pAjvaM vasubhyaH praNaya pracetaH / hisra rakSAsyAbhi zozucAnaM mA tvA damanayAtudhAnA nRcakSaH / / R0 ve0 10.87. 6. 4. yo prasya syAda vazAbhogo anyAmiccheta tahi saH / histe pradattA puruSaM yAcitAM ca na ditsati // a0 ve0 12. 4. 13. 5. predagne jyotiSmA nyAhi zivebhirarcibhiSTvam / bRhaDnirbhAnubhirbhAsaMnmA hiMsIstanvA prajAH // maitrAyaNI saMhitA, 2.7.10.

Page #26
jainetara paramparAdhoM meM zrahiMsA ThIka isI taraha kI prArthanA taittirIya saMhitA' evaM zatapatha brAhmaNa 2 meM milatI hai / kintu yahA~ " prajA" zabda bhI do artha rakhatA hai- santAna evaM janatA / parantu donoM hI arthoM meM yaha saMkucita aura svArthAdhIna jAna par3atA hai / yadi koI apanI santAna ke rakSArtha prArthanA kare athavA koI rAjA apanI janatA ko bacAne ke lie prArthanA kare to ye donoM hI prArthanAe~ ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI puSTi nahIM karatIM kyoMki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta aisI svArthaparatA se bilkula hI pare hai / yaha sarvavyApaka hai, arthAt sabhI jIvoM ke lie hai / isake alAvA Rgveda meM yoM kahA gayA hai "saba devoM ke liye upayukta chAga pUSA ke hI aMza meM par3atA hai / use zIghragAmI azva ke sAtha sAmane lAyA jAtA hai / ataeva tvaSTA devatA ke sundara bhojana ke lie azva ke sAtha isa chAga se sukhAdya puroDAza taiyAra kiyA jAya / 4 1. predagne jyotiSmAnyAhi zivebhiracibhistvam / bRhadbhirbhAnubhirbhAsanmAhisIstanuvA prajAH // taittirIya saMhitA, 4. 2. 3. 3; 5. 2. 2.7-8. 2 pradagne jyotiSmAnyAhi / zivebhicibhiSTvamiti predagne tvaM jyotiSmAnyAhi zivebhiracibhirdIpyamAnairityetad bRhadbhirbhAnubhirbhAsamA hiMsIstanvA prajA iti bRhadbhiracibhirdIpyamAnai mahisI rAtmanA prajA ityetat MEN zatapatha brAhmaNa, kANDa 6, pra0 8, brAhmaNa 1. 3. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha Adi kA pAlana mahaja isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki apanI zrAtmA kI zuddhi ho, isameM dUsare ke hita kI bAta uddezyarUpa meM nahIM AtI hai / mataeva isa dRSTikoNa se hiMsA bhI svArtha kI sImA ke andara A jAtI hai / kintu sAmAnya dRSTikoNa se hiMsA kA siddhAnta para hitakArI samajhA jAtA hai / aura aisI hAlata meM jahA~ apane logoM ke hita kI bAta AtI hai to usase ise alaga samajhanA hI ucita samajhA jAtA hai / 4. eSacchAga: puro azvena vAjinA pUSNo bhAgo nIyate vizvadevyaH / abhipriyaM yatpuroDAzamarvatA tvaSTedenaM sauzravasAya jitvati / R0 0 1. 162. 3; hindI Rgveda - rAmagovinda trivedI, pRSTha 240.

Page #27
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ___ Age kahA hai-"yajJa ke jo pAMca (dhAnya, soma, pazu, puroDAsa aura ghRta) upakaraNa haiM, yathAyogya unako maiM rakhatA huuN|"1 yadyapi maMtra meM upakaraNoM ke nAma spaSTataH nahIM die gae haiM lekina TIkAkAroM ne nAmoM ko bhI prakAzita kiyA hai aura unameM pazu bhI eka upakaraNa hai jisakI AvazyakatA yajJa meM hotI hai| isase bhI Age 'yUpa' kI carcA milatI hai jisameM yajJa ke pazu bAMdhe jAte haiN| inase yaha jAhira hotA hai ki yajJa meM pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thii| phira bhI vedoM meM kucha aise sthala milate haiM jahA~ para spaSTa yA gauNa rUpa se ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana huA hai jaise "hama abhI gamana ( saMgati ) prApta kreN| mitrabhUta athavA mitra dvArA darzita mArga se hama gamana kreN| ahiMsaka mitra kA priya sukha hameM gRha meM prApta ho|" __isa kathana meM sukha, ahiMsA, mitra tathA mArga zabda saMbaMdhita-se dIkhate haiM-gRha meM sukha kI prApti ho ; sukha jo mitra ke dvArA athavA usake sahavAsa se prApta ho; mitra jo ahiMsaka hai; tathA mitra dvArA pradarzita mArga para prasthAna kreN| arthAt ahiMsA eka aisI vastu hai jo hitakArI yA sukha dene vAlI hai aura isakA saMbaMdha mitra se hI ho sakatA hai, zatru se nhiiN| jisake prati mana meM zatrutA kA bhAva hogA usake prati ahiMsA kA vyavahAra karanA yA ahiMsA kA bhAva rakhanA asaMbhava hai| puna: Rgveda meM kahA hai ki he varuNa ! yadi hama logoM ne usa vyakti ke prati aparAdha kiyA ho jo hama logoM ko pyAra karatA hai, yadi koI galatI apane mitra yA 1. paJca padAni rUpo anvarohaM catuSpadImanvemiJcavratena / akSareNa pratimima etAmRtasya nAbhAvadhi saM punAmi // 3 // R0 ve0 10.13. 3. 2. upAvasRja tmanyA samaJjan devAnAM pAtha RtuthA hviiNssi| vanaspatiH zamitA devo agniHsvadantu havyaM madhunA ghRtena // 10 // R0 ve0 10. 110. 10. 3. yannUnamazyAM gItaM mitrasya yAyAM pthaa|| asya priyampa zarmavyahisAnasya sazcire // R0 ve0 5. 64. 3. hindI Rgveda-rAmagovinda nivadI pR0 635,

Page #28
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA sAthI jo ki par3osI hai athavA kisI ajJAta vyakti ke prati koI ghAta kiyA ho to hamAre aparAdhoM kA nAza karo / ' Age kahA hai "pumAn pumAMsaM pari pAtu vizvataH " ( R0 ve0 6. 75. 14 ) manuSya kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha eka-dUsare kI rakSA kare / yajurveda meM dekhA jAtA hai "mitrasyAhaM cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSe / mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSAmahe / / " 36.18 arthAt maiM sabhI prANiyoM ko mitravat dekhU~ / Apasa meM sabhI eka dUsare ko mitra ke samAna dekheM / isI taraha atharvaveda meM kahA hai "tatkRNmo brahma vo gRhe saMjJAnaM puruSebhyaH " (a0ve0 3. 30. 4) arthAt hama sabhI eka sAtha aisI prArthanA kareM jisase ki Apasa meM sumati aura sadbhAva kA prasAra ho / phira eka ukti milatI hai "yAMzca pazyAmi yAMzca na teSu mA sumatiM kRdhi" ( a0ve0 17. 1.7 ) bhagavan ! ApakI kRpA se maiM sabhI manuSyoM ke prati, cAhe meM unase paricita hoU~ athavA nahIM, sadbhAva rakhU N / itanA hI nahIM, balki vizva zAnti ke bhAva para bala dete hue kahA gayA hai ki sUrya kI kiraNeM hama sabhI ke lie ( manuSyamAtra ke lie ) zAnti pradAna karane vAlI hoM aura sabhI dizAeM bhI zAntidAyinI hoM / 2 aura yajurveda meM to zAnti kI bhAvanA ke vistAra kI kAmanA pRthvI loka se lekara dyuloka aura antarikSa loka taka 1. aryabhyaM varuNa mitryaM vA sakhAyaM vA sadbhid bhrAtaraM vA / vezaM vA nityaM varuNAraNaM vA yat somAgazcakramA zizrathastat // R0 ve0 5. 85. 7. 2. zaM naH sUrya urucakSA udetu zaM nazcatastraH pradizo bhavantu / R 0 0 7 35. 7,

Page #29
10 jaina dharma meM hiMsA kI gaI hai / jala, auSadhiyAM, vanaspatiyA~, sabhI devatA evaM brahma saba ke saba zAnti dene vAle hoM / vizva hI pUrNa zAntimaya ho / ina uktiyoM ko dekhakara kyA koI kaha sakatA hai ki vaidika yuga meM ahiMsA-bhAva kA saMcAra na thA / bhale hI ahiMsA zabda para usa samaya koI prakAza nahIM diyA gayA ho aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai lekina bhAva rUpa meM to ahiMsA kI pUrI abhivyakti huI hai / yadyapi Rgveda aura atharvaveda meM ahiMsA kI sImA mAtra manuSya taka hI dikhAI gaI hai kintu yajurveda meM ahiMsA bhAva kA pUrNa vikAsa milatA hai jahA~ para sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI kA bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai aura vizva zAnti kI kAmanA kI gaI hai / upaniSad : upaniSadoM ko vedAnta bhI kahate haiM kyoMki ye vedoM ke antima bhAga mAne jAte haiM / inakI saMkhyA kAphI adhika hai jinameM se kucha to prasiddha aura mahattvapUrNa haiM para kucha aise haiM jinheM gauNa sthAna prApta hai aura ve laghu upaniSad ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / racanA-kAla ke dRSTikoNa se kauSItaki, taittirIya, mahAnArAyaNa, bRhadAraNyaka, chAndogya aura kena upaniSad buddha aura pANini se kAphI pahale ke haiM / ina upaniSadoM ke kucha bAda kaTha, zvetAzvatara, Iza, Adi kI racanA huI / para ye saba bhI buddha se bAda ke pahale ke hI haiM / * upaniSadoM ne karmakANDa yAnI yajJAdi se jyAdA jJAnakANDa ko pradhAnatA dI hai / inameM bahudevatAvAda kA sthAna brahmavAda ko milatA hai aura sAMsArika sukha-suvidhA ke badale upaniSad - kAlIna loga mokSa para jora dete haiM / yadyapi unake bhojana Adi meM 1 1. dyauH zAntirantarikSaM zAntiH pRthvI zAntirApaH zAntiroSadhayaH zAntiH / vanaspatayaH zAntirvizve devA: zAnti brahma zAntiH sarva zAntiH zAntireva zAntiH sA mA zAntiredhi / / yaju0ve0 36. 17. 2. Vedic Age (Ed. R. C. Majumdar), p. 493. muNDaka, prazna nahIM balki

Page #30
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai| ve cAvala, roTI, dUdha, ghI Adi ke sAtha mAMsa bhI khAte haiN|' bhale hI vaha mAMsa bali die gae pazu kA ho athavA sAdhAraNa taraha se mAre gae pazu kA hI ho| kintu itanI bAta avazya hai ki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama pratipAdana chAndogyopaniSad meM hI hotA hai2-usa AtmajJAna kA brahmA ne prajApati ke prati varNana kiyA, prajApati ne mana se kahA, mana ne prajAvarga ko sunaayaa| niyamAnusAra guru ke kartavya-karmoM ko samApta karatA huA veda kA adhyayana karatA huA ( putra-ziSyAdi ko ) dhArmika ka ra sampUrNa indriyoM ko apane antaHkaraNa meM sthApita kara zAstra kI AjJA se anyatra prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karatA haA vaha nizcaya hI Ayu kI samApti paryanta isa prakAra bartatA huA ( anta meM ) brahmaloka ko prApta hotA hai ; aura phira nahIM lauTatA, phira nahIM lauTatA // 1 // ____ isake pahale hI adhyAya 3 meM AtmajJAnopAsanA kA varNana karate / hue kahA hai ki tapa, dAna, Arjava (saralatA), ahiMsA aura satyavacana isakI ( AtmayajJa kI ) dakSiNA hai| ___ laghu upaniSadoM, jaise prANAgnihotropaniSad evaM AraNiko. paniSad Adi meM bhI ahiMsA ko sadguNa yA Atma-saMyama ke pramukha sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / prANAgnihotropaniSada meM smRti, dayA, zAnti tathA ahiMsA ko prANAgnihotra yajJa karane vAle vyakti kI patnI kI kamI kA pUraka batAyA hai / ina guNoM ke hone para patnI, jisakA sAtha yajJa meM Avazyaka samajhA jAtA hai, kI 1. Vedic Age (Ed. R. C. Majumdar), p. 519. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. I, p. 231. 3. taddhatadbrahmA prajApataya uvAca prajApatirmanavemanu: prajAbhya. AcAryakulAdveda madhItya yathAvidhAnaM guroH karmAtizeSeNAbhisamAvRtya kuTumbe zucau deze svAdhyAyamadhIyAno dhArmikAnvidadhadAtmani sarvendriyANi sampratiSThApyAhiMsansarvabhUtAnyanyatra tIrthebhya: sa khalvevaM vartayanyAvadAyuSaM brahmalokamabhi sampadyate na ca punarAvartate na ca punarAvartate / chA0u0 8. 15. 1. 4. atha yattapo dAnamArjavamahimA satyavacana miti tA asya dakSiNA: / chA0 u0 3.17.4. 2.

Page #31
12 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA pUrti ho jAtI hai / arthAt patnI na bhI ho aura ye saba guNa jisa vyakti meM hoM to use prANAgnihotra yajJa karane meM doSa nahIM lagatA / ' itanA hI nahIM, Age calakara isameM ahiMsA ko yajJa kA iSTa batAyA gayA hai arthAt ahiMsA vrata kI paripUrNatA ke lie yajJAdi kie jAte haiM / 2 AruNikopaniSad meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai ki brahmacarya, ahiMsA, aparigraha, satya Adi vratoM kI prayatnapUrvaka rakSA karanI caahie| aura zANDilyopaniSad ne to ahiMsA kI ginatI daza yamoM meM kI hai yAnI ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, dayA, Arjava, kSamA, dhRti, mitAhAra tathA zauca ye daza yama haiM / 4 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upaniSadoM ke anusAra ahiMsA manuSya ke sadAcAra kA eka pradhAna aMga hai tathA sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukti pAne kA eka bahuta bar3A sAdhana bhI hai| isI vajaha se ise yajJAdi kA iSTa yA uddezya bhI samajhA gayA hai / smRti : smRtiyoM meM manusmRti abhISTa hai / yaha vaidika dharma yA brAhmaNa paramparA kA patha-pradarzana karatI hai / isameM prAyaH 2685 zloka haiM / kANe tathA nIlakaMTha zAstrI ne mAnA hai ki isakA saMzodhana I0 pUrva dvitIya zatI se I0 san dvitIya zatI taka ke bIca meM huA thA / isakA matalaba hotA hai ki manusmRti kI racanA nizcita 0 1. smRtirdayA kSAntirahiMsA patnIsaMjAyAH / prANAgnihotropaniSad, khaNDa 4. 2. prANAgnihotropaniSad, khaNDa 4. 3. brahmacaryamahiMsA cAparigrahaM ca satyaM ca yatnena he rakSato he rakSato he rakSata iti // 3 // zraruriNakopaniSad | 4. tatrAhiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacarya dayArjavakSamAvRtimitAhArazIcAni ceti yamA daza // 1 // zANDilyopaniSad | 5. History of Dharmasastra (Kane), Vol. I, pp. 133.53; History of Philosophy : Eastern and Western, Vol. 1, P. 107.

Page #32
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA rUpa se I0 pUrva dvitIya zatI se pahale huI hogii| rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ke anusAra taittirIya aura maitrAyaNI saMhitA tathA chAndogyopaniSad meM manu kA ullekha niyama nirdhArita karane vAle ke rUpa meM huA hai| yahAM taka ki yAska jinakA samaya I0 pUrva sAtavIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai, ne nirukta meM mana kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa taraha eka vaidika RSi ke rUpa meM manu kA samaya ati prAcIna samajhA jAnA caahie| unake dvArA racita bahuta zloka bhI kAphI purAne haiM para manusmRti yA mAnavadharmazAstra ke rUpa meM unakA saMkalana bAda meM huA hai| cUki manusmRti kA saMbaMdha mAnava-sUtra-caraNa ( vaidika zAkhA ) jo kRSNa yajurveda para AdhArita hai,' se hai, isa para vaidika vicAradhArA kA kAphI prabhAva hai| isameM varNa dharma tathA Azrama dharma para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, sAtha hI khAdya-akhAdya, kartavya-akartavya kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| khAsa taura se mAMsAhAra jisakA saMbaMdha hiMsA-ahiMsA ke siddhAnta se hai, kA parNa spaSTIkaraNa isameM milatA hai| ___ mAMsAhAra tathA hiMsA kA atyanta ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| koI bhI vyakti AhAra ke nimitta mAMsa kI upalabdhi taba taka nahIM kara sakatA, jaba taka ki vaha kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, kyoMki mAMsAhAra karane vAle svAbhAvika mRtyu se mare hue prANI ke mAMsa ko grahaNa karanA na cAhate haiM aura na karate bhI haiN| mAMsabhakSaNa kA artha hI hai hiNsaa| ataH ahiMsaka ke lie mAMsAhAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| manusmRti meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mAMsa grahaNa karanA kisa hada taka ucita hai athavA anucita / isake pAMcaveM adhyAya meM hiMsA-ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI bRhad vivecana milatA hai| yahA~ para isa saMbaMdha meM tIna pakSa prastuta kie gae haiM : 1. yaha pakSa pazu-pakSiyoM ke bhakSyaabhakSya mAMsa kI carcA karatA huA hiMsA kA samarthana karatA hai| 2. isa pakSa meM hiMsA kI maryAdA yajJa taka sAbita kI gaI hai, yAnI yajJa meM pazuoM kI hiMsA karanA aura unake mAMsa kA vidhipUrvaka bhakSaNa karanA ucita hai parantu sAdhAraNa mAMsa jo yajJa ke alAvA 1. Hindu Civilization ( Radha Kumud Mookerji), p. 159.

Page #33
jaina dharma meM mahiMsA anya sAdhanoM se upalabdha ho, ko grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 3. yajJa meM pazu-vadha evaM mAMsAhAra ko doSapUrNa batAte hue ahiMsA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| ina pakSoM ko spaSTatA nIce ke zabdoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai : pahalA pakSa-kaccA mAMsa khAnevAle giddha ityAdi tathA ghara meM rahane vAle kabUtara Adi pakSI abhakSya haiN| jinake nAma batAye nahIM gaye hoM aise khuravAle, ghor3e, gadhe Adi ke mAMsa khAne yogya nahIM hote / TiTaharI pakSI kA mAMsa abhakSya hotA hai| lekina pAThIna aura rohita machaliyAM havya-kAvya ke lie nirdezita haiM; inake alAvA rAjIva, siMhatuNDa aura coMyaTevAlI sabhI machaliyAM bhI khAne yogya haiM / brAhmaNa yajJa ke lie tathA svajanoM ke rakSArtha hiMsA kara sakatA hai, kyoMki agastya RSTi ne aisA kiyA thaa| RSiyoM tathA brAhmaNa-kSatriyoM ke dvArA kie gae pahale ke sabhI yajJoM meM mAMsa ke upayoga hue haiN| maMtroM ke dvArA pavitra mAMsa khAyA jA sakatA hai; yajJavidhi se mAMsa khAnA tathA prANa-saMkaTa Ane para mAMsa kA khAnA niSiddha nahIM hai| prANa ke liye ye brahmA ke dvArA kalpita anna haiM, sthAvara aura jaMgama sabhI prANa ke bhojana hai-jaise caroM kA anna acara, DAr3havAloM ke binA DAr3havAle aura vIroM ke anna kAyara haiN| isa taraha jo jIva khAne vAlA hai vaha pratidina prANiyoM ko khAkara bhI doSI nahIM hotaa| kAraNa, brahmA ne hI khAdaka aura khAdya donoM ko hI janma diyA hai|' 1. kravyAdAJchakunAnsastithA grAmanivAsinaH / anidiSTAMzcaikazaphAMSTiTTibhaM vivarjayet // 11 // kalavikaM plavaM haMsaM cakrAvahaM grAmakukkuTam / sArasaM rajjuvAlaM ca dAtyUhaM zukasArike / / 12 / / pratudAJjalapAdAMzca koyaSTinakhaviSkirAn / nimajjatazca matsyAdAn saunaM vallUrameva ca // 13 // pAThInarohitAvAdyo niyuktI havyakavyayoH / rAjIvAnsihatuNDAMzca sazalkAzcaiva sarvazaH // 16 // yajJArtha brAhmaNairvadhyA: prazastA mRgapakSiNaH / bhRtyAnAM caiva vRttyarthamagastyo hyAcaratvarA // 22 //

Page #34
jainetara paramparAoM meM mahiMsA dUsarA pakSa-yajJa ke liye mAMsa-bhakSaNa kI gaNanA daivI vidhi meM hotI hai| isake viparIta yadi koI mAMsa khAne ke lie hI hiMsA karatA hai aura mAMsa khAtA hai to use rAkSasocita kArya kahA jAtA hai| kisI bhI vidhi se prApta jaise, kharIdA huA, svayaM kahIM se lAyA huA, bheMTa meM prApta.mAMsa yadi devatA yA pitR ko arpita karake lAyA jAtA hai to khAne vAlA doSI nahIM hotaa| vividha ora niSedha kA jAtA yadi sAmAnya athavA sukha kI avasthA meM vidhi kA ullaMghana karake mAMsa khA letA hai to janmAnta meM ve pazu ( jinake mAMsa vaha khAtA hai ) use khA jAte haiN| dhana ke lie yadi koI mRga ko mAratA hai to vaha utanA pApI nahIM samajhA jAtA jitanA ki mAMsa khAne vAlA hotA hai / zrAddha aura madhuparka meM vidhivat niyukta hone ke bAda bhI jo vyakti mAMsa khAne se inakAra karatA hai use ikkIsa janma taka pazu honA par3atA hai| brAhmaNa ko kabhI bhI binA maMtra-saMskAra ke mAMsa nahIM khAnA cAhie lekina yajJa meM maMtroM se pavitra kie hue pazuoM ke mAMsa vaha khA sakatA hai| icchA kI prabalatA ke kAraNa vaha ghata yA maide kA pazu banAkara khA sakatA hai lekina vyartha (yAnI yajJa ke alAvA) pazuvadha na karanA caahie| pazuoM ko vyartha mArane vAlA marane ke bAda utanI hI bAra pazujanma dhAraNa karatA hai jitanI mare hue pazu kI romasaMkhyA hotI hai jaba mArA jAtA hai| brahmA ne yajJoM kI samRddhi ke liye pazuoM kI sRSTi kI hai| ataH yajJa meM kiyA huA vadha vadha nahIM samajhA jaataa| pazu, vRkSa, babhUvurhi puroDAzA bhakSyANAM mRgapakSiNAm / purANeSvapi yajJeSu brahmakSatrasaveSu ca // 23 // prokSitaM bhakSayenmAMsaM brAhmaNAnAM ca kAmyayA / yathAvidhi niyuktastu prANAnAmeva cAtyaye // 27 // prANasyAnnamidaM sarva prajApatirakalpayat / sthAvaraM jaMgamaM caiva sarva prANasya bhojanam // 28 // carANAmannamacarA daMSTriNAmapyadaMSTriNaH / ahastAzca sahastAnAM zUrANAM caiva bhIravaH / / 26 / / nAttA duSyatyadannAdyAnprANino'hanyahanyapi / dhAtrava sRSTA hyAdyAzca prANino'ttAra eva ca // 30 // manusmRti, pra0 5.

Page #35
16 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kachuA aura pakSI Adi yajJa meM mAre jAne para phira zreSTha janma dhAraNa karate haiM / madhuparka, jyotiSToma Adi yajJa, pitRkarma tathA devakarma ke alAvA hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / veda kA jJAtA dvija madhuparka Adi karmoM meM pazubali dekara usa pazu tathA apane ko uttama gati kA adhikArI banAtA hai / gRha meM yA gurukula, yA vana yAnI brahmacaryaM Azrama yA gRhasthAzrama yA vAnaprastha yA Apatti meM A jAne para bhI eka AtmaniSTha brAhmaNa ko cAhie ki vaha vedaviruddha hiMsA na kare / cUMki dharma veda se nikalatA hai, vedavihita hiMsA tathA isa carA cara niyata hiMsA ko hiMsA na samajhakara ahiMsA hI mAnanA cAhie / jo apane sukha kI icchA se yAnI yajJoM ke alAvA ahiMsaka pazuoM ko mAratA hai vaha kisI bhI jIvana meM sukha nahIM pAtA / jo devatA, pitaroM ko arpita kiye binA dUsare ke mAMsa se apanA mAMsa bar3hAnA cAhatA hai usase bar3hakara nikRSTa yA pApI anya koI nahIM ho sakatA / ' 1. yajJAya jagdhirmAsasyetyeSa devo vidhiH smRtaH / prato'nyathA pravRttistu rAkSaso vidhirucyate // 31 // krItvA svayaM vA'pyutpAdya paropakRtameva vA / devAnpita' zcArcayitvA khAdanmAMsaM na duSyati // 32 // nAdyAdavidhinA mAMsaM vidhijJo'nApadi dvijaH / jagdhvA hyavidhinA mAMsaM pretya tairadyate'vazaH ||33|| na tAdRzaM bhavatyeno mRgahanturdhanArthinaH / 6 yAdRzaM bhavati pretya vRthAmAMsAni khAdataH // 34 // niyuktastu yathAnyAyaM yo mAMsaM nAti mAnavaH / sa pretya pazutAM yAti saMbhavAnekaviMzatim // 35 // prasaMskRtAnpazUnmantrairnAdyAdvipra: kadAcana / maMtraistu saMskRtAnadyAcchAzvataM vidhimAsthitaH / 36 M kuryAd ghRtapazu saMge kuryAtyiSTapazuM tathA / na tveva tu vRthA hantuM pazumicchetkadAcana // 37 yAvanti pazuromANi tAvatkRtvo ha mAraNam / vRthA pazudhana: prApnoti pretya janmani janmani // 38

Page #36
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA 17 tIsarA pakSa-jisa vyakti ke mana meM yaha kAmanA nahIM hotI hai ki vaha pazuoM ko bAMdhe yA mAre tathA kisI prakAra kA kaSTa de vaha sabhI jIvoM kA hitaiSI hotA hai aura use atyadhika sukha kI yajJArtha pazavaH sRSTAH svayameva svayaMbhuvA / yajJazca bhUtyai sarvasya tasmAdyajJe vadho'vadhaH // 36 // proSadhyaH pazavo vRkSAstirgavaH pakSiNastathA / yajJArtha nidhanaM prAptAH prApnuvantyutsRtI: puna: // 40 // madhuparke ca yajJe ca pitRdevatakarmaNi / atraiva pazavo hiMsyA nAnyatretyanavInmanuH // 41 // eSvartheSu panhisanvedatattvArthavid dvijaH / AtmAnaM ca pazu caiva gamayatyuttamAM gatim // 42 // gRhe gurAvaraNye vA nivasannAtmavAndvijaH / nAvedavihitAM hiMsAmApadyapi samAcaret // 43 // yA vedavihitA hiMsA niytaasmiNshcraacre| ahiMsAmeva tAM vidyAdvedAddharmoM hi nirbabhau // 44 // yo'hiMsakAni bhUtAni hinstyaatmsukhecchyaa| sajIvaMzca mRtazcaiva na kvacitsukhamedhate // 45 // yo bandhanavadhaklezAnprANinAM na cikIrSati / sa sarvasya hitaprepsuH sukhamatyantamaznute // 46 // yaddhayAyati yatkurute dhRti badhnAti yatra c| tadavApnotyayalena yo hinasti na kiJcana // 47 // nAkRtvA prANinAM hiMsAM mAMsamutpadyate kvacit / na ca prANivadha : svargastasmAnmAMsaM vivarjayet // 48 // samutpatti ca mAMsasya vadhabandhI ca dehinAm / prasamIkSya nivateta sarvamAMsasya bhakSaNAt // 46 // na bhakSayati yo mAMsaM vidhi hitvA pizAcavat / sa loke priyatAM yAti vyAdhibhizca na pIDyate // 50 // anumantA vizasitA nihantA kryvikryii| saMskartA copahartA ca khAdakazceti ghAtakAH // 51 // svamAMsaM paramAMsena yo vardhayitumicchati / anabhya>> pitRRndevAMstato'nyo nAstyapuNyakRt // 52 // manusmRti, pra0 5.

Page #37
18 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prApti hotI hai| jo kisI prANI ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA use binA prayAsa hI manacAhe dharma kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| pazuoM ke vadha ke binA mAMsa prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura pazu-hiMsA svarga dilAnevAlI nahIM hotI; ata: mAMsa-bhakSaNa tyAga denA caahie| mAMsa kI utpatti raja-vIrya tathA vadha-bandhana se hotI hai ataH isako dhyAna meM lAte hue mAMsa khAnA chor3a denA caahie| jo sau varSoM taka azvamedha yajJa karatA hai aura jo mAMsa nahIM khAtA, donoM hI samAna puNya ke bhAgI hote haiN| pavitra phala, phUla tathA haviSyAnna Adi khAne se usa puNya kI prApti nahIM hotI jo sirpha mAMsa-bhakSaNa ke tyAga se hotI hai| isa loka meM jisakA bhakSaNa meM karatA haiM dUsare loka meM vaha merA mAMsa khaayegaa| yahI mAMsa kA mAMsatva hai| isa prakAra niyamAnusAra mAMsa khAnA, madya pInA tathA strI-saMbhoga karanA doSapUrNa nahIM kahe jA sakate, kAraNa, ye to prANI ke svabhAva haiM lekina ina sabase nivRtta honA zreyaskara tathA mahAphaladAyaka hai|' ___ isake alAvA manusmRti meM anya jagahoM para bhI bahuta se zloka aise milate haiM jinase pUrNataH ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI puSTi hotI hai, jaise-prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie ahiMsApUrNa anuzAsana honA caahie| indriyanigraha, rAgadveSatyAga tathA ahiMsA se saMnyAsI mokSa prApta karatA hai| ahiMsA, indriyasaMyama, vaidika 1. varSe varSe'zvameghena yo yajeta zataM samAH / mAMsAni ca na khAdedyastayoH puNyaphalaM samam // 53 // phalamUlAzanemadhyairmunyannAnAM ca bhojnaiH| na tatphalamavApnoti yanmAMsaparivarjanAt // 54 // mAM sa bhakSayitA'mutra yasya mAMsamihAmyaham / etanmAMsasya mAMsatvaM pravadanti manISiNaH // 55 // na mAMsabhakSaNe doSo na madhe na ca maithune / pravRttireSA bhUtAnAM nivRttistu mahAphalA // 56 / / manusmRti, pra0 5. 2. ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kArya shreyo'nushaasnm|156| manusmRti, pa0 2. 3. indriyANAM nirodhena rAgadveSakSayeNa ca / mahiMsayA ca bhUtAnAmamRtatvAya kalpate // 60 // manusmRti, ma0 6.

Page #38
jainetara paramparAoM meM mahisA 16 karmoM kA anuSThAna aura kaThora tapasyA se vrata kI prApti hotI hai / " ahiMsA, satya, asteya, pavitratA aura indriyanigraha ye cAroM varNoM ke lie upayukta haiM / yahI bAteM bArahaveM adhyAya meM milatI haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM ko apane meM aura sabhI prANiyoM meM apane ko dekhanevAlA AtmayAjJI brAhmaNa svarAjya yAnI mukti pAtA hai / sthiracitta hokara satasat sabako apane andara dekhanevAlA vyakti adharma se apane ko alaga rakhatA hai / sabhI devatA AtmasvarUpa haiM, samUcA jagat AtmA meM sthita hai aura AtmA ke hI dvArA zarIradhAriyoM ke karmayoga kA nirmANa hotA hai / isa taraha jo bhI vyakti apane ko sabhI jIvoM meM dekhatA hai vaha sabameM samanvaya-bhAva kI sRSTi karatA hai, aura isI vajaha se vaha brahmapada kI prApti karatA hai / ataH yadyapi manusmRti meM vaidika vidhiyoM kI prabalatA dekhI jAtI hai phira bhI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta kAphI Age bar3hA huA mAlUma par3atA hai | ahiMsA kI rAha para calanevAle ko isane usa mahApuNyaphala kA bhAgI batAyA hai jo anekoM varSoM taka azvamedha yajJa karane se hotA hai, aura muktidAyikA to yaha ( ahiMsA ) hai hI jise aneka sthaloM para udghoSita kiyA hai / 1. zrahiMsayendriyAsaMgairvedikezcaiva karmabhiH / tapasazcaraNaizcograiH sAdhayantIha tatpadam // 75 // manusmRti, a0 6. 2. ahiMsA satyamasteyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / etaM sAmAsikaM dharmaM caturvarNye'bravInmanuH // 63 // manusmRti, a0 10. 3. yAdRzena tu bhAvena yadyatkarma niSevate / tAdRzena zarIreNa tattatphalamupAznute ||81|| vedAbhyAsastapojJAnamindriyANAM ca saMyamaH / ahiMsA gurusevA ca niHzreyasakaraM param ||83 // sarvamAtmani saMpazyetsaccAsacca samAhitaH / sarvaM hyAtmani saMpazyannAdharme kurute manaH // 118 // zrAtmaiva devatAH sarvAH sarvamAtmanyavasthitam / zrAtmA hi janayatyeSAM karmayogaM zarIriNAm // 116 // manusmRti, pra0 12.

Page #39
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA sUtra : satroM ke cAra prakAra yA vibhAga haiM : zrauta sUtra, gahya sUtra, dharma sUtra tathA zUlya sUtra / rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne sUtroM kI racanA I0 pUrva aSTamI zatI se I0 pUrva tIsarI zatI ke bIca meM mAnA hai|' zrauta sUtroM kA saMbaMdha zruti se hai isalie inheM 'zrauta' kahate haiM aura gRhya evaM dharma sUtra smRti para AdhArita haiM isalie inheM smArta kahate haiN| sUtra kAla meM yadyapi upaniSadoM se nikalI huI jJAnadhArA pravAhita hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai, brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka se prasphuTita karma-kANDa kI dhArA jyAdA vegavAlI mAlUma par3atI hai jisakI jAnakArI gRhya sUtroM evaM dharma sUtroM meM prastuta kriyA-kANDoM evaM sAmAnya AcAra Adi ke varNana se prApta ho sakatI hai aura isI ke AdhAra para satra kAla meM prasArita hiMsA-ahiMsA siddhAnta kA bhI jJAna ho sakatA hai| baudhAyana, sAMkhAyana, pAraskara, AzvalAyana, Apastamba, khAdira, hiraNyakezI evaM jaimini Adi gRhya sUtroM meM annaprAzana, argha tathA aSTakAkarma ke nimnalikhita varNana Ate haiM jinameM mAMsa-bhakSaNa kI vidhi batAte hue hiMsA kA samarthana huA hai : annaprAzana-janma ke bAda chaThe mAha meM bacce kA annaprAzana saMskAra hotA hai| isa avasara para bacce ko anna tathA upayogitA ke anusAra vibhinna prakAra ke mAMsa khilAne kA vidhAna hai, jaiseyadi bacce meM vacana-pravAha yAnI askhalita bolacAla kI Adata DAlanI ho to use bhAradvAjI nAmaka pakSI kA mAMsa denA caahie| 1. "Although the chronology of the legal literature is uncertain, it can be assumed with probability that the older Dharma Sutras belonging to the Vedic schools date from between 800 and 300 B. C." Hindu Civilization, p. 120. 2. "The former are so called as they are based on Sruti, but both the Gshya - and the Dharma-Sutras are called Smarta, as they are based on Smrti ( tradition )". Vedic Age, p. 474.

Page #40
jainetara paramparAgoM meM ahiMsA yadi bacce ko kAphI tandurusta banAnA ho to tittara kA mAMsa denA caahie| isI prakAra caMcalatA yA capalatA lAne ke lie machalI, lambI umra kI prApti ke lie kRkSA pakSI kA mAMsa, pavitra kAnti lAne kI kAmanA ho to Ati nAmaka pakSI kA mAMsa aura yadi ina sabhI guNoM kI kAmanA ho to abhI batAe hue sabhI mAMsoM ko khilAnA caahie|' argha-pita, devatA yA anya kisI vyakti ke prati AdarasvarUpa diye gaye tarpaNa kI saMjJA "argha' hotI hai| pAraskara ke anusAra zAdI ke samaya chaH vyaktiyoM ko argha denA cAhie-guru, zAdI karAne vAlA purohita, kanyAdAtA pitA, rAjA, mitra tathA snaatk| kintu aghaM mAMsa ke binA nahIM honA cAhie (svevAmA sorghH)| zAdI-saMbaMdhI niyama nirdhArita karate hue Apastamba ne kahA hai ki sabhI zuddha nakSatroM meM zAdI honI caahie| maghA nakSatra meM arghasvarUpa zAdI ke samaya eka gAya aura gRha meM bhI eka gAya denI caahie| prathama gAya se vara ke nimitta argha taiyAra karanA cAhie tathA dUsarI gAya se vara ko cAhie ki apane pUjyalogoM ko argha de| isa prakAra gAyoM ko mArane ke pramukha samaya ye saba haiM-atithi kA Agamana tathA aSTaka baliyAM jo pitR evaM zAdI ke nimitta hotI haiN| isI taraha baudhAyana, hiraNyakezI tathA khAdira gahya satroM meM bhI argha-saMbaMdhI niyama prastuta kie gae haiN| 1. SaSThe mAsennaprAzana // 1 // zreterbhAradvAjyA mAMsenavAkprasArikAmasya kapijjalamAMsenAnnAdyakAmasya matsyairjavanakAmasya kRkavAyAsyAThyA " ... 7-11, pAraskara gRhyasUtra, kANDa 1, kANDikA 16, sUtra 1, 7-11. sAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra, pra. 1, khaM0 27, sUtra 288-261. prAzvalAyana gRhyasUtra, a0 1, kAM0 16, sUtra 1-3. Apastamba gRhyasUtra, paTala 6, khaM0 16, sUtra 12. 2. pAraskara gRhyasUtra, kANDa 1, kANDikA 3, sUtra 26, 3. prApastamba gRhyasUtra, paTala 1, khaNDa 2, sUtra 13,14. " " " " "1-6. 4. baudhAyana gRhyasUtra, prazna 1, pra0 3, sUtra 52,53. hiraNyakezI , 1, paTala 4, khaNDa 13, sUtra 13.

Page #41
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA __ aSTaka-agahana mAsa kI pUrNimA ke bAda kRSNa pakSa kI tIna aSTamiyoM ko tIna aSTakAe~ hotI haiM, inako AcArya loga apu. pASTaka kahate haiM, kyoMki ye pUA ke dvArA kI jAtI haiM, lekina bIca meM yAnI pauSa mAsa kI pUrNimA ke bAda vAlI aSTamI ko gAya mArakara usake mAMsa ko prayoga karane kA vidhAna hai|' dharmasatroM meM bhI bhakSya-abhakSya, zrAddha tathA anya yajJoM ke viSaya meM niyama nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| bhakSya-abhakSya-bodhAyana dharmasUtra meM kahA hai ki pAlatU jAnavara, mAMsAhArI jantu tathA pAlatU pakSI Adi nahIM khAnA cAhie lekina bakarA aura bher3a isake apavAda haiN| aise hI pA~ca aMguliyoM vAle jAnavara, jaise kharagoza Adi khAne ko kahA gayA hai| aisI hI bAteM Apastamba tathA vaziSTha dharmasUtroM meM bhI milatI haiN| 1. khAdira gRhyasUtra, paTala 3, khaM0 3, sUtra 27. madhyamAyAM gau // 11 paTala 3, khaM0 4, sUtra 1,7,8, 14-17. sAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra, pra0 3, khaM0 13, sUtra 664. pAraskara gRhyasUtra, kAM0 3, kANDikA 3, sUtra 8. prAzvalAyana , bha0 2, kAM0 4, sUtra 7, 13. hiraNyakezI gRhyasUtra, prazna 2, paTala 5, khaM0 15, pUrNa. UjamAgrahAyaNDAstrayo'parapakSAsteSAmekaikasminnekaikASTakA bhavati zAkASTakA mAMsASTakApUpASTaketi tatra zAkamAMsApUpAni havISyodanaM ca teSAM haviSAM sthAlI pAkAvRtAgnI juhuyAdaSTakAyai svAhA ekASTakAyai svAhA aSTakArI surAdhase svAhA saMvasarAya parivatsarAyedAvatsarAyendatsarAya kRNutA namobhiH / jaiminI gRhyasUtra, 2. 3. 2. abhakSyAH pazavo grAmyAH // 1 // kravyAdArazakunayazca NRN tathA kukkuTasUkaram // 3 // anyatrA (2) jAvikebhyaH / / 4 / / bhakSyAH zvAviDgodhAzazazalyakakacchapakhaDgA: khaMgavarjA: paJca paJcanakhAH // 5 // tathaya'hariNapRSatamahiSavarAha (2)kulugAH kulugavarjA: paJca dvikhuriNaH // 6 //

Page #42
jainetara paramparAmoM meM mahiMsA zrAddha-gautama dharmasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pitaroM ke zrAddha meM tila, ur3ada, cAvala, java tathA jala prayoga karane se use eka mAha ke lie tuSTi hotI hai; machalI, sAdhAraNa maga, citakabarA maga, kharagoza, samudrI kachuA, suara aura bher3a ke mAMsa se tIna varSoM taka ; gAya ke dUdha yA dUdha se bane sAmAna se bAraha varSoM taka; vAradIsa kA mAMsa, tulasI, lAla raMga kA bakarA aura gair3e ke mAMsa Adi se, madha ke sAtha bane sAmAna se aneka varSoM taka pitaroM ko saMtoSa prApta hotA hai|' yajJa-sAmAnyataura se yajJoM ke do prakAra haiM : ve yajJa jinameM pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI hai tathA ve yajJa jinameM annAdi kA prayoga hotA hai-kisI bhI prANI kI jAna nahIM lI jAtI hai| kisI bhI prANI kI jAna lenA nizcita hI hiMsA hai, isalie yajJa meM bhI pazuoM kA hanana karanA hiMsA kahA jA sakatA hai kintu isa sambandha meM vaidika dharmagranthoM meM koI eka vicAra nahIM balki anekoM mata milate haiM jinheM hama Age AnevAle pRSThoM para dekheNge| _ pUrNacandra, navInacandra, ardhavArSika Agrayana, izti, cAturmAsa tathA ardhavArSika yajJoM ke samaya jAnavaroM kI bali honI cAhie, aisA vaziSTha kA mata hai| aura baudhAyana ne bhI kahA hai ki yajJa meM pakSiNastittirikapotakapiJjalavANisamayUravAraNA vAraNavarjAH paJca viviSkirAH // 7 / / matsyAssahasradaMSTrazcilicimo varmI bRhacchiroromazakarirohitarAjIvA: / / 8 / / baudhAyana dharmasUtra, prathama prazna, khaNDa 12. Apastamba dharmasUtra, prazna 1, paTala 6, khaNDa 17, sUtra 31-33, 36,37. vaziSTha ,, a0 14, sUtra 14, 15, 30, 38. ] tilamASavrIhiyavodakadAnasiM pitaraH prINAnti | matsyahariNaruruzazakUrmavarAhameSamAsaiH sNvtsraarinn| gavyapaya: pAyasaidizavarSANi / vAINasena mAMsena kAlazAkacchAgalohakhaDgamAMsaima ghumitrezcAnantyam / / 15 / / gautama dharmasUtra, a0 15, sUtra 15. Apastamba dharmasUtra, prazna 2, paTala 7, khaM0 16, sUtra 24,26-28. vaziSTha dharmasUtra, adhyAya 11, sUtra 34.

Page #43
24 jaina dharma meM zrahisA anya upakaraNoM ke bAda zuddha makkhana, pakavAna, pazu ( vadha ), soma tathA agni kA prayoga honA cAhie / " dharmasUtroM meM jahAM eka ora mAMsa ke upayoga kA vidhAna karake hiMsA ko prazraya diyA gayA hai vahAM dUsarI ora ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| baudhAyana ke matAnusAra daMDa dene ke tIna sAdhanoM-mana, vacana aura karma, meM se kisI se bhI, saMnyAsI ko cAhie ki vaha kisI ko daNDa na de / vaziSTha ne kahA hai" kaSTa se sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA karane kI pratijJA ke sAtha eka saMnyAsI ko apanA ghara tyAga denA cAhie / jo saMta sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha zAntipUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai use kisI bhI jIva-jantu se bhaya nahIM hotA / yadi vaha jIvoM ke kaSTa nivAraNa kI pratijJA nahIM karatA aura sabhI janme ajanme kA nAza karatA hai tathA upahAra grahaNa karatA hai to use dhArmika niyamoM se cyuta hone do kintu use veda par3hane se vaMcita mata hone do anyathA vaha zUdra ho jAyegA / eka saMnyAsI ko kaSTa denA aura dayA dikhAnA donoM hI ke bIca pUrNataH taTastha honA cAhie / " 3 Apastamba ke mata meM, brAhmaNa jo jJAnI hai aura sabhI jIvoM ko apane meM aura apane ko sabhI jIvoM meM dekhatA hai, vaha svargagAmI hotA hai| krodha, harSa, roSa, lobha, moha, dambha, droha, mRSodyama, adhyAzana, parIvAda, asUyA, kAma, manyu, anAtma-bhAva tathA ayoga Adi jIvoM ke vinAza ke kAraNa haiM / ina sabhI se alaga honA hI yoga yA mukti kA sAdhana hai / itanA hI nahIM, inake anusAra eka brAhmaNa hI kyA sabhI logoM ko krodha, harSa, lobha Adi se bacanA cAhie / jo vyakti ina pavitra niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai vaha vizvavyApta AtmA meM praveza pA jAtA hai / gautama ne sabhI jIvoM para dayA, sahiSNutA, akrodha, pavitratA, zAnti, 1. yajJAMgebhyaH bhAjyamAjyAdbhavIMSi havirbhyaH pazuH pazossomadAgnayaH // // 11 // vaziSTha dharmasUtra, bha0 11, sUtra 46. baudhAyana dharmasUtra, prazna 1, a027. 2. baudhAyana dharmasUtra, 2.6.25. 3. vaziSTha dharmasUtra, 10. 1 : 4. 26. 4. prApastamba dharmasUtra, prazna 1, paTala 8, khaM0 23, sUtra 1,4-6.

Page #44
jainetara paramparAoM meM zrahiMsA 25 alobha Adi ko kalyANakara evaM AtmA ke ATha guNa batAe haiM aura kahA hai ki jo vyakti cAlIsa prakAra kI dharmavidhiyoM ( inhoMne apane dharma-sUtra meM prastuta kI haiM ) kA pAlana karatA hai lekina yadi usakI AtmA Upara kathita guNoM ko dhAraNa nahIM karatI to use na brahma kI prApti ho sakatI hai aura na svarga kI ho / ThIka isake viparIta jo cAlIsa dharmavidhiyoM meM se kucheka kA pAlana karatA hai aura ATha guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai use brahma kI prApti hotI hai, sAtha hI svarga kI bhI / ' 1 aisA lagatA hai balki samAja isa prakAra gRhya sUtroM ko dekhane se to lagatA hai ki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta jo upaniSad kAla meM calA vaha smRtikAla meM kucha dRDha banA parantu sUtrakAla meM luptaprAyaH ho gayA / kyoMki, gRhyasUtroM meM saba jagahoM para evaM sabhI gRhyakAryoM meM mAMsa kA prayoga batAyA gayA hai / isakI pUrti evaM puSTi dharmasUtroM meM bhI hotI hai jahA~ zrAddha, bhakSyaabhakSya Adi ke varNana milate haiM / kintu dharmasUtroM ke dUsare aMzoM ko par3hane se, jahAM para saMnyAsI aura jJAnI ke varNana haiM, ki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta bilkula mara nahIM cukA thA ke eka kone meM khar3A kA~pa rahA thaa| cUMki sUtroM meM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA khAsataura se saMnyAsI yA mukti cAhane vAle virakta logoM ke jIvana meM hI dI gaI hai aura yaha sAmAnyataura se socane kI bhI bAta hai ki jisa samAja meM sAdhAraNa khAna-pAna hI nahIM balki zAdI, zrAddha, atithi satkAra tathA choTe-bar3e yajJoM meM bhI pazubali kA vidhAna kiyA gayA ho, vahA~ ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA vikasita honA asambhava nahIM to kaThina avazya thA / phira bhI cAhe jisa rUpa meM bhI rahA ho lekina yadi ahiMsA kA siddhAnta jindA thA to una logoM ko kama zreya nahIM diyA jA sakatA jina logoM ne use jIvita rakhA / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa : - maharSi vAlmIki dvArA racita rAmAyaNa jise unake nAma ke sAtha hI sambandhita kara diyA gayA hai, saMskRta sAhitya kA eka ati prasiddha mahAkAvya hai aura brAhmaNa dharma evaM saMskRti meM ise eka U~cA sthAna 1. gautama dharmasUtra, 70.22-25.

Page #45
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prApta hai| jaikobI ne isakA racanA-kAla I0 pUrva AThavIM zatI se I0 pUrva pAMcavIM zatI ke bIca mAnA hai|' rAmAyaNakAla meM varNa evaM Azrama dharmoM kI dhAka jamI haI thI tathA veda-pratipAdita dhArmika niyamoM kA anugamana hotA thaa| AcAra ko dharma kA abhinna aMga mAnate hue usa para adhika bala diyA jA rahA thA / ahiMsA, satya, Atma-saMyama, dayA, sahiSNutA, kSamA, Atithya, zatruoM kI bhI sahAyatA karanA yadi unheM AvazyakatA A par3e, evaM mana, vacana aura karma kI zuddhi rAmAyaNa meM AcAra ke pradhAna aMga mAne haiN| itanA hI nahIM balki rAjanItika niyamoM para vicAra karate hue __ 1. "Discussing the age of the Ramayana, he comes to the conclusion that it must have originated before the fifth or probably in the sixth or the eighth pre-Christian century". History of Philosophy: Eastern and Western, (Ed. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan), Vol. I, p. 75. mAnUzaMsyamanukrozaH zrutaM zIlaM damaH shmH| rAghavaM zobhayantyete SaGgaNA: puruSarSabham / / 12 / / vA0 rA0 2.33.12 satyaM sadharma ca parAkramaM ca bhUtAnukampAM priyavAditAM ca / dvijAtidevAtithipUjanaM ca panthAnamAhustridivasya santaH // 31 // ___ vA0 rA0 2.106.31. pApAnAM vA zubhAnAM vA vadhArhANAmathApi vaa| kAryaM kAruNyamArgeNa na kazcinnAparAdhyati // 43 / / lokahiMsAvihArANAM krUrANAM pApakarmaNAm / kurvatAmapi pApAni naiva kAryamazobhanam // 44 // vA0 rA0 6. 113. 43-4, baddhAMjalipuTaM dInaM yAcantaM zaraNAgatam / / na hanyAdAnazaMsyArthamapi zatru paraMtapa // 27 // mArto vA yadi vA haptaH pareSAM zaraNaM gataH / pariH prANAnparityajya rakSitavyaH kRtAtmanA / / 28 / / vA0 rA0 6. 18. 27-28. kAyena kurute pApaM manasA saMpraghArya tat / anutaM jiha nayA cAha trividhaM karma pAtakam / / 21 / / vA0 rA0 2.106. 21.

Page #46
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 27 kahA gayA hai ki AghAta kie jAne para apanI rakSA ke lie ghAtaka para ghAta karanA doSapUrNa karma nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / kintu yuddha meM zatra bhI yadi ghAta na karatA ho, Dara kara bhAga rahA ho yA chupanA cAhatA ho yA hAtha jor3akara jAna kI bhIkha mA~gatA ho yA nazA pIkara behoza ho to vaha chor3a dene yogya hai, yAnI use mAranA ucita nhiiN| sAmAjika dRSTi se rAjA, strI, zizu, vRddha kA vadha tathA zaraNAgata kA tyAga bahuta bar3A pApa hai|' ina uktiyoM ko dekhane ke bAda aisA lagatA hai ki rAmAyaNa kAla meM ahiMsA ko mAnava jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM sthAna prApta thA aura ahiMsA kA siddhAnta vikAsa kI ora agrasara ho rahA thaa| mahAbhArata : vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI taraha mahAbhArata bhI saMskRta bhASA kA bahuta hI prasiddha mahAkAvya hai / prArambha meM isakA nAma 'jaya' thA phira yaha 'bhArata' ke nAma se jAnA gayA aura sabase anta meM isane 'mahA. bhArata' kA rUpa liyA jise hamaloga Aja 18 parvo se yukta bRhadAkAra grantha ke rUpa meM pAte haiN| isameM prAyaH eka lAkha se jyAdA zloka haiN| isake nAyaka arjuna haiM jinake pautra kA nAma parIkSita aura prapautra kA nAma janamejaya hai| parIkSita aura janamejaya ke nAma ke aura bhI loga arjuna ke vaza meM ho gae haiN| inameM se prathama parIkSita ke samaya kA saMbaMdha I0 se 2000 varSa pahale mAnA 1. pUrvApakAriNaM hatvA na hyadharmeNa yujyate / pUrvApakArI bharatastyAge dharmazca rAghava // 24 // vA0 rA0 2.66.24 tathA vA0rA0 6. 6.14; ayudhyamAnaM pracchannaM prAJjaliM zaraNAgatam / palAyamAnaM matta vA na hantu tvamihArhasi // 36 // vA. rA. 6.80.36. rAjastrIbAlavRddhAnAM vadhe yatpApamucyate / bhRtyatyAge ca yatpApaM tatpApaM pratipadyatAm // 37 / / vA. rA. 2.75.37.

Page #47
jaina dharma meM hiMsA gayA hai| isI ke AdhAra para mahAbhArata ke racanA kAla kA bhI andAja kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahAbhArata kAla meM bhAratIya saMskRti apanI coTI para thI aura isakA bahumukhI vikAsa ho cukA thaa| ataH isameM ahiMsA kA pUrNa vivecana huA hai, jisameM ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI pahale se AtI huI AzaMkAoM kA nivAraNa kiyA gayA hai| zAMtiparva ( mahAbhArata kA bArahavA~ parva ) meM yudhiSThira ko rAjadharma yA kSatriyadharma samajhAte hue arjuna ke kathana se lagatA hai ki kSatriya yA koI gRhastha hiMsA kA parityAga kara hI nahIM sktaa| sakha-zAMti prApta karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki dUsare ko kaSTa diyA hI jAya / ve kahate haiM "machalI mArane vAle mallAhoM kI taraha dUsaroM ke marmasthAnoM kA uncheda aura duSkara karma kiye binA tathA bahusaMkhyaka prANiyoM ko mAre binA koI vyakti bahuta bar3I sampatti nahIM prApta kara sakatA // 14 // jo dUsaroM kA vadha nahIM karatA, use isa saMsAra meM na to kIrti milatI hai, na dhana prApta hotA hai aura na prajA hI upalabdha hotI hai| indra vatrAsura kA vadha karane se hI mahendra ho gaye / / 15 / / saMsAra meM kisI bhI aise puruSa ko maiM nahIM dekhatA, jo ahiMsA se jIvikA calAtA ho; kyoMki prabala jIva durbala jIvoM dvArA jIvana-nirvAha karate haiM / / 20 / / he rAjan ! nevalA cahe ko khA 1. "Considering also that the Puranas place more than twenty generations between Janmejaya II and Janmejaya IJI and counting the date of Janmejaya III to be about 1400 B. C. we may conclude that the time of Parikshita I and Janmejeya II and of Satapatha and the Aitareya Brahmanas should be about 2000 B. C." Hindu Civilization ( Radha Kumud Mookerji), pp. 158-159.

Page #48
jainetara paramparAoM meM hiMsA 26 jAtA hai aura nevale ko bilAva, bilAva ko kuttA aura kutte ko cItA cabA jAtA hai // 21 // 1 prastuta zlokoM meM hiMsA ke siddhAnta ko apanAyA gayA hai isameM koI zaka nhiiN| lekina yahA~ para khAsataura se rAjA yA kSatriya ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha hiMsA kre| kyoMki apane rAjya ke vistAra ke lie use dUsare rAjA ko mAranA yA kaSTa pahuMcAnA hI hogA anyathA usakA rAjya-prasAra nahIM ho sakatA / isake alAvA yadi koI anya rASTra usa para AkramaNa kara detA hai to usa samaya bhI apanI rakSA karanA usake lie Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / jahA~ taka gRhasthoM kI bAta hai, yaha sarvamAnya hai ki khetI yA gRhasthI saMbaMdhI anya kAryoM meM hiMsA hotI hai kintu isameM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki karttA kA uddezya kyA hai ? khetI karanA athavA hiMsA karanA ? kintu anya jagahoM para zAntiparva meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI pUrNataH puSTi huI hai jo vyAsa ke dvArA zukadeva ko die gae upadezoM meM pAI jAtI hai : "jaba jIvAtmA sampUrNa prANiyoM meM apane ko aura apane meM sampUrNa prANiyoM ko sthita dekhatA hai, usa samaya vaha brahmabhAva ko prApta hotA hai / / 21 // apane zarIra ke bhItara jaisA jJAnasvarUpa AtmA hai vaisA hI dUsaroM ke zarIra meM bhI hai; jisa puruSa ko nirantara aisA jJAna banA rahatA hai vaha amRtatva ko prApta hone meM samartha hotA hai // 22 // 1. nAcchitvA paramarmANi nAkRtvA karma duSkaram / nAhatvA matsyaghAtIva prApnoti mahatIM zriyam // 14 // nAghnataH kIrtirastIha na vittaM na punaH prajAH / indro vRtravadhenaiva mahendaH samapadyata / / 15 / na hi pazyAmi jIvantaM loke kaJcidahiMsayA / savaiH satvA hi jIvanti durbalairbalavattarAH // 20 // nakulo mUSikAnatti biDAlo nakulaM tathA / biDAlamatti zvA rAjazvAnaM vyAlamRgastathA // 21 // zAM0 pa0 a0 15.

Page #49
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA __ jo sampUrNa prANiyoM kA AtmA hokara saba prANiyoM ke hita meM lagA huA hai, jisakA apanA koI alaga mArga nahIM hai tathA jo brahmapada ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai, usa samartha jJAnayogI ke mArga kI khoja karane meM devatA bhI mohita ho jAte haiM // 23 // " itanA hI nahIM pitA-putra saMvAda meM sApha-sApha kahA gayA hai "jo mana, vANI, kriyA tathA anya kAraNoM dvArA kisI bhI prANI kI jIvikA kA apaharaNa karake usakI hiMsA nahIM karatA, usako dUsare prANI bhI vadha yA bandhana ke kaSTa meM nahIM DAlate / "2 ahiMsA svataH eka pUrNa dharma hai aura hiMsA eka adharma / 3 ahiMsA sabase mahAn dharma hai kyoMki isase sabhI prANiyoM kI rakSA hotI hai| isakI vyApakatA para bala dete hue vyAsa kahate haiM ki 1. sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM sarvabhUtAni cAtmani / yadA pazyati bhUtAtmA brahma sampadyate tadA // 21 // yAvAnAtmani vedAtmA tAvAnAtmA parAtmani / ya evaM satataM veda so'mRtatvAya kalpate // 22 // sarvabhUtAtmabhUtasya vibhobhUtahitasya c| devA'pi mArge muhyanti apadasya padaiSiNaH // 23 // zAM050, . 236. 2. yo na hiMsati sattvAni manovAkkarmahetubhiH // 27 // jIvitArthApanayana: prANibhirna sa bayate / zA0pa0, pra0 277. 3. ahiMsA sakalo dharmo hiMsAdharmastathAhitaH // 20 // a0 272. 4. na bhUtAnAmahiMsAyA jyAyAn dharmo'sti kazcana / yasmAnnodvijate bhUtaM jAtu kiMcit kathaMcana / so'bhayaM sarvabhUtebhya: samprApnoti mahAmune // 30 // 0 262. 5. yathA nAgapade'nyAni padAni padagAminAm / sarvANyevApi dhIyante padajAtAni koJjare // 18 // evaM sarvahiMsAyA dharmArthamapidhIyate / amRtaH sa nityaM vasati yo hiMsA na prapadyate / / 16 / / ahiMsakaH samaH satyo dhRtimAn niyatendriyaH / zaraNyaH sarvabhUtAnAM gatimApnotyunuttamAm // 20 //

Page #50
janetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 31 ahiMsA dharma aura artha donoM hI ( puruSArthoM ) se U~cI uThI hai, sabhI dharma isake andara A jAte haiM, jisa prakAra hAthI ke padacihnoM meM anya prANiyoM ke pada-cihna samA jAte haiN| ataH jo hiMsA nahIM karatA, sabako samAna dRSTi se dekhatA hai, satya bolatA hai, dhairya dhAraNa karatA hai, indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara letA hai tathA sabhI prANiyoM ko zaraNa detA hai vaha uttama gati ko prApta karatA hai| yaha ( ahiMsA ) satya, dAna aura indriyasaMyama Adi tapoM meM se eka hai' tathA satya (aMzataH), samatA, dama, matsaratA kA abhAva, kSamA, lajjA, titikSA, anasUyA, tyAga, paramAtmA kA dhyAna, AryatA, nirantara sthira rahanevAlI vRtti tathA ahiMsA Adi satya (pUrNataH) ke vibhinna teraha rUpoM meM se eka hai| yAnI ahiMsA satya kA eka aMza hai / ahiMsA kI gaNanA kSamA, dhIratA, samatA Adi damoM meM bhI hotI hai| aise sAdhAraNataura se yaha una naitika AcaraNoM meM se eka hai jo AdamI ko jIvana meM sukha pradAna karate haiM tathA sanmArga para le calate haiN| jahA~ taka mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA prazna hai, zAntiparva (mahAbhArata) usa hAlata meM kisI ko bhI mAMsa khAne kI anumati detA hai, jaba prANa saMkaTa meM ho yAnI prANa kI rakSA ke lie| isa saMbaMdha meM vizvAmitra tathA cANDAla kI kahAnI prastuta karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai 1. ahiMsA satyavacanaM dAnamindriyanigrahaH / etebhyo hi mahArAja tapo nAnazanAt param // 8 // pra0 161. 2. satyaM ca samatA caiva damazcaiva na saMzayaH / pramAtsarya kSamA caiva hrIstitikSAnasUyatA // 8 // tyAgo dhyAnamathAryatvaM dhRtizca satataM sthiraa| ahiMsA caiva rAjendra satyAkArAstrayodaza // 6 // pra0 162. 3. kSamA dhRtirahiMsA ca samatA satyamArjavam / indriyAbhijayo dAkSyaM mArdanaM hrIracApalam // 15 // akArpaNyamasaMrambha: saMtoSa: priyvaaditaa| pavihiMsAnasUyA cApyeSAM samudayo damaH // 16 // a0 160, 4. damaH kSamA dhRtisteja: saMtoSaH styvaaditaa| hIrahiMsAvyasanitA dAkSyaM ceti sukhAvahAH // 20 // 0 260.

Page #51
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ki bahuta bar3A durbhikSa A jAne ke kAraNa eka bAra vizvAmitra eka cANDAla ke ghara se mare hue kutte kI TA~ga lekara usakA mAMsa pakA kara khAnA cAhate haiM aura jaba cANDAla unheM manA karatA hai to ve kahate haiM ki AdamI ke lie yaha jarUrI hai ki sarvaprathama vaha apane prANa kI rakSA kare, bhale hI rakSA karane ke sAdhana jo bhI hoN| kyoMki jIvita rahakara hI kisI dharma kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra samAja aura rASTra kI rakSA ke lie rAjAoM tathA kSatriyoM ko yuddha karane yAnI hiMsA karane kI svataMtratA dI kintu kisI bhI hAlata meM dharma ke nAma para yajJa meM pazubali ke lie zAntiparva meM vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM rAjA vicakSaNa tathA nArada ke vicAra evaM RSiyoM aura devatAoM ke bIca hone vAlA tarka-vitarka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| rAjA vicakSaNu ne kisI yajJazAlA meM ArtanAda karate hae bahata se bailoM evaM gAyoM ko dekhakara nimnalikhita zabdoM meM hiMsA kA virodha aura ahiMsA kA prabala samarthana kiyA hai-2 1. yena yena vizeSeNa karmaNA yena kenacit / abhyujjIvet sAdyamAnaH samartho dharmamAcaret / / 63 // a0 141. sampUrNa adhyAya bhI dekheN| 2. avyavasthitamaryAdaivimUDha stikainaraiH / saMzayAtmabhiravyaktaihiMsA samanuvariNatA // 4 // sarvakarmasvahiMsA hi dharmAtmA manurabravIt / kAmakArAd vihiMsanti bahirvedyAM pazUn' narA: // 5 // tasmAt pramANataH kAryo dharmaH sUkSmo vijaantaa| ahiMsA sarvabhUtebhyo dharmabhyo jyAyasI matA // 6 // yadi yajJAMzca vRkSAMzca yUpAMzcoddizya mAnavAH / vRthA mAMsaM na khAdanti naiSa dharma: prazasyate // 8 // surA matsyA madhu mAMsamAsavaM kRsarodanam / dhUrteH pravattita: hya tannatad vedeSu kalpitam // 6 // pra0 265. sampUrNa adhyAya bhI dekheN|

Page #52
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA 33 "jo dharma kI maryAdA se bhraSTa ho cuke haiM, mUrkha haiM, nAstika haiM tathA jinheM AtmA ke viSaya meM saMdeha hai, evaM jinakI kahIM prasiddhi nahIM hai, aise logoM ne hI hiMsA kA samarthana kiyA hai| dharmAtmA manu ne sampUrNa karmoM meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / manuSya apanI hI icchA se yajJa kI bAhyavedI para pazuoM kA balidAna karate haiN|.......... sampUrNa bhatoM ke liye jina dharmoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, unameM ahiMsA hI sabase bar3I mAnI gaI hai| yadi kaheM ki manuSya yUpa-nirmANa ke lie jo vRkSa kATate haiM aura yajJa ke uddezya se pazubali dekara jo mAMsa khAte haiM, vaha vyartha nahIM hai apitu dharma hai, to yaha ThIka nahIM, kyoMki aise dharma kI koI prazaMsA nahIM karatA / surA, Asava, madha, mAMsa aura machalI tathA tila aura cAvala kI khicar3I, ina saba vastuoM ko dhUtoM ne yajJa meM pracalita kara diyaa| vedoM meM inake upayoga kA vidhAna nahIM hai| brAhmaNa to sampUrNa yajJoM meM bhagavAna viSNu kA hI AdarabhAva mAnate haiM aura khIra tathA phUla Adi se unakI pUjA kA vidhAna karate haiN|" isI taraha nArada ne bhI eka brAhmaNa kI kahAnI kahI hai, jo ahiMsApUrNa yajJa karanA cAhatA thaa| usane yajJa kA prArambha to apane vicArAnusAra hI kiyA kintu anta meM kucha logoM kI rAya pAkara hiMsA karane ko bhI taiyAra ho gyaa| usake sAtha meM dharma kA nivAsa thA jo mRga ke rUpa meM usa brAhmaNa ke sAtha rahatA thA; ajJAnavaza brAhmaNa ne usa mRga ko mArakara balikArya sampAdita karane kA vicAra kiyA aura jaise hI yaha dhAraNA usake dimAga meM banI ki vaha sAdhatva kI ucca koTi se nimna koTi meM A gyaa| pazubali-saMbandhI rAya use sahI rUpa meM nahIM apitu parIkSA ke lie dI gaI thI, aura parIkSA meM vaha asaphala rhaa| 1. upagamya vane siddhi srvbhuutaadihiNsyaa| api mUlaphalairiSTo yajJaH svaryaH paraM tapaH // 5 // tasya tenAnubhAvena mRghiNsaatmnstdaa| tapo mahatsamucchinnaM tasmAddhisA na yajJiyA // 180 272, sampUrNa adhyAya bhI dekheN|

Page #53
jaina dharma meM zrahiMsA "aja" zabda, jisakA prayoga yajJoM ke prasaMga meM hotA hai, kA sahI artha kyA hai, isa sambandha meM eka bAra RSiyoM evaM devatAoM ke bIca matabheda huA / RSiyoM ne "aja" zabda kA artha 'bIja' yA 'anna' lagAyA tathA devatAoM ne 'bakarA' | ataH RSiyoM ne yajJa meM anna yA bIja ke prayoga kI vidhi batAI aura devatAoM ne bakare kI bali kA vidhAna kiyaa| saMyogavaza usI samaya rAjA vasu yA uparicara vahA~ pahu~ca ge| jinheM donoM hI pakSoM ne sahI nirNaya dene ko Agraha kiyA / kintu uparicara ne devatAoM kA pakSapAta karate hue nirNaya diyA ki "aja" zabda kA artha hotA hai chAga yA bakarA / yaha sunate hI RSigaNa kupita ho gae aura deva pakSa kI bAta kahane bAle vasu ko yoM zApa diyA 34 " rAjan ! tumane yaha jAnakara bhI ki "aja" kA artha anna hai, devatAoM kA pakSa liyA hai, isalie svarga se nIce gira jAo / Aja se tumhArI AkAza meM vicarane kI zakti naSTa ho gaI / hamAre zApa ke AghAta se tuma pRthvI ko bhedakara pAtAla meM praveza karoge / " RSiyoM ke itanA kahate hI usI kSaNa rAjA uparicara AkAza se nIce A gae aura tatkAla pRthvI ke vivara meM praveza kara gae / " isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki "aja" zabda kA artha bakarA na hokara bIja athavA anna hI hotA hai / ataH yajJa meM bakare yA anya kisI pazu kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / anuzAsana parva meM ahiMsA ko naitika yA dhArmika dRSTi se bahuta hI U~cA sthAna diyA gayA hai / ataH kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA parama dharma hai, parama tapa haiM, parama satya hai aura anya dharmoM kI udgama1. surapakSo gRhItaste yasmAt tasmAd divaH pata 150 adyaprabhRti te rAjannAkAze vihatA gatiH / macchApAbhighAtena mahIM bhitvA pravekSyasi // 16 // tatastasmin muhUrte'tha rAjoparicarastadA / pragho vai sambabhUvAzu bhUmervivarago nRpa // 17 // zra0 337; hiMsA paramo dharmastathAhiMsA paraM tapaH / ahiMsA paramaM satyaM yato dharmaH pravartate / sampUrNa adhyAya bhI dekheM /

Page #54
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 35 sthalI hai| yaha parama saMyama hai, parama dAna, parama jJAna, parama phala, parama mitra tathA parama sukha hai| itanA hI nahIM, yadi sabhI yajJoM meM dAna kiyA jAya, sabhI tIrthoM meM snAna kiyA jAya, saba prakAra ke snAna-dAna ke phala prApta hoM to bhI ahiMsA-dharma se prApta phala kI tulanA meM kama hI rheNge| ahiMsA sabhI dharmazAstroM meM parama pada para suzobhita hotI hai| devatAoM aura atithiyoM kI sevA, satata dharmazIlatA, vedAdhyayana, yajJa, tapa, dAna, garu aura AcArya kI sevA tathA tIrthayAtrA ye saba ahiMsAdharma kI solahavIM kalA ke bhI barAbara nahIM haiN|' __ ataH jo ahiMsA ke patha para calatA hai usakI tapasyA akSaya hotI hai, vaha hamezA vahI phala prApta karatA hai jo tapa karane se prApta hotA hai aura vaha sabhI prANiyoM ke mAtA-pitA kI taraha hai| lekina kyA yahIM ahiMsA kI maryAdA sImita ho jAtI hai ? kadApi nahIM / isase prApta honevAle suyaza kA varNana to sau varSoM meM bhI samApta nahIM ho sktaa| isake viparIta jo svAda ke lie dUsare prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai vaha bAgha, giddha, siyAra aura rAkSasoM ke samAna hai| ataH jaise apane zarIra kA mAMsa kATane para svayaM ko ahiMsA paramo dharmastathAhiMsA paro damaH / ahiMsA paramaM dAnamahiMsA paramaM tapaH / ahiMsA paramo yajJastathAhiMsA paraM phalam / ahiMsA paramaM mitramahiMsA paramaM sukham / sarvayajJeSu vA dAnaM sarvatIrtheSu vA''plutam / sarvadAnaphalaM vApi naitat tulyamahiMsayA / / anuzAsanaparva ( mahAbhArata ), a0 115, zloka 23; a0 116, zloka 28-30. 1. ahiMsA paramo dharmo hyahiMsA paramaM sukham / ahiMsA dharmazAstraSu sarveSu paramaM padam / / devatAtithizuzrUSA satataM dhrmshiiltaa| vedAdhyayanayajJAzca tapo dAnaM damastathA / prAcAryaguruzuzrUSAtIrthAbhigamanaM tthaa| ahiMsAyA varArohe kalAM nArhanti SoDazIm / / anu0 pa0, a0 145.

Page #55
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kaSTa hotA hai usI prakAra dUsare kA mAMsa kATane para use bhI pIr3A hotI hai, aisA vijJa puruSoM ko samajhanA cAhie / isa bhUmaNDala para AtmA se adhika priya koI bhI cIja nahIM hai| isalie sabhI prANiyoM para dayA karanI cAhie aura sabako apanI hI AtmA samajhanI caahie|' mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA jitanA vikAsa huA hai utanA vaidika paramparA meM anyatra kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa| yahAM taka ki zAntiparva meM aisA Adeza diyA gayA hai ki jisa sthAna para vedAdhyayana, yajJa, tapa, satya, indriya-saMyama evaM ahiMsA-vratoM kA pAlana ho vahIM vyakti ko rahanA caahie| isake sAtha honevAlI sabhI zaMkAoM evaM galatiyoM ko dUra karake yaha prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki ahiMsA kA siddhAnta sarvavyApI evaM sarvamAnya ho; yadyapi kSatriyoM ko yA prANa saMkaTa meM par3e hae vyakti ke dvArA kI gaI hiMsA ko kSamya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| kucha bAteM virodhAbhAsa-sI avazya lagatI haiM, jaise rAjA vicakSaNa kA yaha kahanA ki manu ne yajJa meM pazubali kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki manusmRti meM yajJa ke lie pazuhiMsA kI svataMtratA dI gaI hai| gItA : ___ zrImadbhagavadgItA yadyapi mahAbhArata ke bhISmapava kA eka aMza hai, parantu yaha samUce mahAbhArata kA sAra hai aura isakA apanA eka 1. ahiMsraH sarvabhUtAnAM yathA mAtA tathA pitA / / etat phalamahiMsAyA bhUyazca kurupuMgava / nahi zakyA guNA vaktumapi varSazatairapi / saMchedanaM svamAMsaM yathA saMjanayed rajam / tathaiva paramAMse'pi veditavyaM vijAnatA // svamAMsaM paramAMsena yo vardhAyitumicchati / udvignavAsaM labhate yatrayatropajAyate / anu0 pa0, pra0 145. 2. yatra vedAzca yajJAzca tapaH satyaM damastathA // 88il ahiMsAdharmasaMyuktAH pracareyuH surottamAH / sa vo deza: sevitavyo mA vo'dharma: padA spRzet // 86 // zA0 50, ma0 340.

Page #56
jainetara parAmparAoM meM ahiMsA svataMtra evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM, isake pUrva ke sabhI AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM kA samanvaya huA hai| isakI bhASA sarala tathA sabodha hai| isameM arjuna ke dvArA uThAe gaye anekoM dhArmika, AdhyAtmika evaM naitika praznoM ke uttara zrI kRSNa ke dvArA prastuta kie gae haiN| isameM mokSa ke tIna mArga batAe gae haiM-jJAna, bhakti, evaM karma jinakA pUrNa vivecana kramazaH zaMkara, rAmAnuja tathA bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka ke dvArA huA hai| jJAna kI pradhAnatA dikhAte hue zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai "jJAnIjana vidyA aura vinaya yukta brAhmaNa meM tathA gau, hAthI, kutte aura cANDAla meM bhI samabhAva se dekhane vAle hote haiN| jinakA mana samatvabhAva meM sthita hai unake dvArA isa jIvita avasthA meM hI saMpUrNa saMsAra jIta liyA gyaa| kyoMki saccidAnandaghana paramAtmA meM hI sthita hai|'' arthAt jJAnIjana ahiMsA ke patha para calate haiN| isI taraha karma kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai : ___ "koI bhI puruSa kisI bhI kAla meM kSaNamAtra meM bhI binA karma kiye nahIM rahatA hai, niHsandeha sabhI puruSa prakRti se utpanna hue guNoM dvArA paravaza hue karma karate haiN|"2 lekina isase pahale unhoMne arjuna ko sambodhita karate hue yaha bhI kaha diyA hai ki karma karane meM kartA kA uddezya kyA honA cAhie "terA karma karane mAtra meM hI adhikAra hai, phala meM kabhI nhiiN| ( aura tU ) karmoM ke phala kI vAsanAvAlA (bhI) mata ho 1. vidyAvinayasaMpanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / zani caiva zvapAke ca paNDitAH samadarzinaH // 18 // ihaiva tairjita: sargo yeSAM sAmye sthitaM manaH / nirdoSaM hi samaM brahma tasmAd brahmaNi te sthitAH // 16 // gItA, pra0 5. 2. na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / kAryate hyavaza: karma sarvaH prakRtijairguNaiH / / 5 / / gItA, pra0 3.

Page #57
38 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA (tathA) terI karma na karane meM (bhI) prIti na hove / he dhanaMjaya ! Asakti ko tyAga kara ( tathA ) siddhi aura asiddhi meM samAna buddhi vAlA hokara yoga meM sthita huA karmoM ko kara / (yaha) samatvabhAva hI yoga nAma se kahA jAtA hai|'' yadi kArya ke phala ke prati kartA ko moha yA rAga na hogA to usake mana meM kisI ke prati dveSa bhI na hogA aura dveSa ke abhAva meM na krodha ho sakatA hai aura na hiMsA hii| isake alAvA zrI kRSNa apane ko sarvavyApaka, sarvazaktimAna, Adi puruSa batAte hue kahate "he arjuna ! aisA samajho ki saMpUrNa bhUta ina donoM prakRtiyoM (parA evaM aparA) se hI utpatti vAle haiM aura maiM saMpUrNa jagat kA utpatti tathA pralaya rUpa hU~-pRthvI meM pavitra gandha aura agni meM teja hU~ aura sampUrNa bhUtoM meM unakA jIvana hU~ arthAt jisase ve jIte haiM vaha maiM hU~ aura tapasviyoM meM tapa huuN| he arjuna ! tU sampUrNa bhUtoM kA sanAtana kAraNa mere ko hI jAna-maiM saba bhUtoM ke hRdaya meM sthita sabakI AtmA hU~ tathA saMpUrNa bhUtoM kA Adi, madhya aura anta bhI maiM hI huuN|"2 1. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saMgo'stvakarmaNi // 47 // yogastha: kurukarmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhanaMjaya / siddhayasiddhayoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate // 48 // gItA, pa0 2. 2. etadyonIni bhUtAni sarvANItyupadhAraya ahaM kRtsnasya jagataH prabhava: pralayastathA // 6 // puNyogandhaH pRthivyAM ca tejazcAsmi vibhaavsii| jIvanaM sarvabhUteSu tapazcAsmi tapasviSu // 6 // bIjaM mA sarvabhUtAnAM viddhi pArtha sanAtanam // 10 // 0 7. prahamAtmA guDAkeza sarvabhUtAzayasthitaH / prahamAdizca madhyaM ca bhUtAnAmanta eva ca // 20 // a0 10; pra. 10, zloka 34 bhI dekheN|

Page #58
jainetara paramparAoM meM zrahiMsA 36 ve Age arjuna ko yuddha karane ko prerita karate hue kahate haiM : "maiM lokoM kA nAza karanevAlA bar3hA huA mahAkAla hU~ isa samaya ina lokoM ko naSTa karane ke lie pravRtta huA hU~ isalie jo pratipakSiyoM kI senA meM sthita hue yoddhA loga haiM ve saba tere binA bhI nahIM raheMge - ye saba zUravIra pahale se hI mere dvArA mAre hue haiM / tU to kevala nimittamAtra hI hogA / droNAcArya, bhISma pitAmaha, jayadratha aura karNa tathA aura bhI bahuta se mere dvArA mAre hue zUravIra yoddhAoM ko tU mAra aura bhaya mata kara .......1 itanA hI nahIM, apane kartApana ko ve nimnalikhita zabdoM meM dar3ha karate haiM : "jisa puruSa ke antaHkaraNa meM maiM karttA hU~ aisA bhAva nahIM hai tathA jisakI buddhi sAMsArika padArthoM meM athavA saMpUrNa karmoM meM lipta nahIM hotI vaha pRruSa ina saba lokoM ko mArakara bhI vAstava meM na to mAratA hai aura na pApa se ba~dhatA hai / "2 Upara kathita sabhI vicAra eka bhakta ke hRdaya meM A sakate haiM / kyoMki vaha apane ko pUrNarUpeNa bhagavAn ke prati samarpita kara detA hai, ata: vaha samajhatA hai ki jo kucha bhI usake jIvana meM yA saMsAra meM hotA hai, bhale hI vaha burA ho yA bhalA, usakA kartA paramAtmA hotA hai | ataH hiMsA-ahiMsA kA prazna hI yahA~ nahIM uThatA kyoMki 1. kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho lokAnsamAhartumiha pravRttaH / Rte'pi tvAM na mayaite nihatAH pUrvameva, pratyanIkeSu yodhAH ||32|| nimittamAtraM bhava savyasAcin ||33|| droNaM ca bhISmaM ca jayadrathaM ca karaNaM tathAnyAnapi yodhavIrAn / yA hatAMstvaM jahi mA vyathiSThA yudhyasva jetAsi raNe sapatnAn ||34|| gItA, zra0 11. 2. yasya nAhaMkRto bhAvo buddhiryasya na lipyate / hatvApi sa imA~llokAnna hanti na nibadhyate / / 17 / / gItA, zra0 18.

Page #59
40 jaina dharma meM hiMsA vyakti to eka nimittamAtra hI hotA hai, vAstavika kartA to paramezvara hotA hai jo hiMsA-ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI doSa yA guNa se pare hai| kintu sahI rUpa meM jJAnI yA karmayogI yA bhakta bananA koI AsAna bAta nhiiN| ina staroM para pahaMcane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki tapa kiyA jAya / tapa ke vibhinna prakAra haiM : devatA, brAhmaNa, guru evaM jJAnIjanoM kI pUjA, pavitratA, saralatA, brahmacarya aura ahiMsA Adi |'.........iske viparIta hiMsAyukta kArya kI gaNanA tAmasI tathA rAjasI kriyAoM meM hotI hai| inake alAvA zrI kRSNa ne brahmayajJa, devayajJa, jJAnayajJa, dravyayajJa tathA tapayajJa karane ko prerita kiyA hai jinameM vaidika yajJoM kI bhAMti pazubali aura mAMsAhAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| kintu zrI kRSNa kA yaha kahanA ki ahiMsA, samatA, saMtoSa, tapa, dAna (acche karma), apakIrti (bure karma) Adi prANiyoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke bhAva mere se hI paidA hote haiM,4 hiMsA-ahiMsA Adi sabhI siddhAntoM ko bhI unhIM ke sAtha kara detA hai aura manuSya inase bilkula alaga ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra gItA meM ahiMsA ko eka prakAra kA tapa yA mukti pAne ke eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue bhI Izvara ke hAtha meM adhikRta kara diyA gayA hai| yadi saba-kucha kA kartA Izvara hI hai to manuSya kyoM vyartha parezAna hogA aura nAma-badanAma ke cakra meM AyegA? 1. devadvijaguruprAjJapUjanaM zaucamArjavam / brahmacaryamahiMsA ca zArIraM tapa ucyate // 14 // gItA, a0 17. 2. anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAmanavekSya ca pauruSam mohAdArabhyate karma yattattAmasamucyate // 25 // rAgI karmaphalaprepsulubdho hiMsAtmako'zuciH / harSazokAnvitaH kartA rAjasa: parikIrtitaH / / 27 / / a0 18; a0 18, zloka 28 bhI dekheN| 3. gItA, a0 4, zloka 23-33. 4. ahiMsA samatA tuSTistapo dAnaM ysho'yshH| bhavanti bhAvA bhUtAnAM matta eva pRthagvidhAH // 5 // gItA, pra0 10.

Page #60
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA purANa : / purANoM ke samaya ke viSaya meM koI nizcita :jAnakArI nahIM hotii| pArajiTara ke anusAra ye prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna hindU dharma ( vaidika dharma ) ke aitihAsika, dhArmika, sAmAjika Adi sabhI siddhAntoM ke vizvakoza haiN| para inakA racanA-kAla koI eka nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kAraNa purANoM kI saMkhyA bahata hai, jinameM se eka-do to ati prAcIna mAne jAte haiM yAnI mahAbhArata Adi se bhI pUrva ke aura kucha bAda ke samajhe jAte haiN| sAmAnya taura se vAyuparANa ko sabhI parANoM meM prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki isakI lekhana-paddhati anya purANoM kI lekhana-paddhati se bhinna hai| purANoM meM bhI ahiMsA-siddhAnta ko acchI taraha prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| ___ vAyupurANa-isake anusAra mana, vANI evaM karma se sabhI jIvoM ke prati ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA caahie| yadi koI bhikSu anicchA se bhI kisI paza kI hiMsA kara DAlatA hai to isa doSa yA pApa se mukti pAne ke lie prAyazcitta svarUpa use cAndrAyaNa Adi kaThora vratoM ko karanA cAhie / yadyapi, jaisA ki hama logoM ne dekhA hai ki anya zAstroM ne usa hiMsA ko kSamya mAnA hai jisameM hiMsaka kA uddezya hiMsA karanA na ho, kintu vAyupurANa to usa vyakti ( khAsa taura se bhikSu, saMnyAsI ) ko bhI mahAdoSI ThaharAtA hai jo jAna-bUjhakara nahIM, balki anajAne yA bhUla se hI hiMsA kara baiThatA hai| 1. Pargitar has rightly remarked--"Taken collectively, they (the Purapas) may be described as a popular encyclopaedia of ancient and medieval Hinduism, religious, philosophical, historical, personal, social and political" Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, article on "Purana." 2. ahiMsA sarvabhUtAnAM krmnnaamnsaagiraa| akAmAdapi hiMseta yadi bhikSuH . pazUna mRgAn / kRcchAtikRcchakurvIta cAndrAyaNamathApi vA // 13 // vAyupurANa, pUrvArdha, a0 18.

Page #61
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA viSNupurANa-sUtroM meM hama logoM ne dekhA hai ki yajJoM meM gAya yA anya pazuoM kI bali dharmocita hai| viSNupurANa ke maitreyI-parAzara vArtAlApa meM una annoM yA auSadhiyoM ke nAma batAye gae haiM jo yajJa ke kAma meM Ate haiM-dhAna, yava, ur3ada, gavedhu, veNu, choTe dhAnya, tila, kAMganI, kulathI, zyAmAka, nIvAra, vanatila, markaTa (mkkaa)| ye sabhI yajJAnuSThAna kI sAmagriyA~ haiM, kintu inameM kisI bhI prakAra kA mAMsa yA machalI kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai|' itanA hI nahIM, isa purANa meM hiMsA kA eka pArivArika rUpa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo isa prakAra hai : "adharma kI strI hiMsA thii| usase anata nAmaka putra aura nikRti nAmaka kanyA utpanna hii| una donoM se bhaya aura naraka nAma ke putra paidA hae / jinakI patniyAM mAyA aura vedanA nAma kI kanyAeM bniiN| unameM se mAyA ne samasta prANiyoM kA saMhArakartA mRtyu nAmaka putra utpanna kiyA aura mRtyu se vyAdhi, jarA, zoka, tRSNA aura krodha kI utpatti huii| ye saba ardhamarUpa haiM aura du:khottara nAma se prasiddha haiM ( kyoMki inake pariNAmasvarUpa duHkha hI prApta hotA hai ) / inakI na koI strI aura na koI santAna hI hai / ye UrdhvaretA haiM / he munikumAra ! ye saba bhagavAn 1. vrIhayazca yavAzcaiva godhamAzcAraNavastilA: / priyaMgavo hayudArAzca kora dUSAH satInakAH // 21 // mASA mudgA masUrAzca niSpAvA: sakulatthakA: / pADhakyazcaraNakAzcaiva zaNA: saptadaza smRtAH // 22 // ityetA proSadhInAM tu grAmyAnAM jAtayo sune / proSadhyo yajJiyAzcaiva grAmyAraNyAzcaturdaza // 23 // vrIhayassayavA mASA godhuumaashcaannvstilaa| priyaMgusaptamA hya te praSTamAstu kulatthakAH // 24 // zyAmAkAstvatha nIvArA: jartilA. sagavedhukAH / tathA veNuyavAH proktAstathA markaTakA mune / / 25 / / grAmyAraNyAH smRtA hyatA proSadhyastu caturdaza / yajJaniSpattaye yajJastathAsAM heturuttamaH // 26 // viSNupurANa. prathama aMza, ma06.

Page #62
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA viSNu ke bar3e bhayaMkara rUpa haiM aura ye hI saMsAra ke nitya pralaya ke kAraNa haiN|" cUMki viSNu sarvavyApaka haiM, yajJa meM inhIM kA yajana hotA hai, inhIM kA japa kiyA jAtA hai aura hiMsA karane vAlA inhIM kI hiMsA bhI karatA hai / ataH jo vyakti parastrI, paradhana evaM hiMsA se apane ko alaga rakhatA hai usase hamezA hI viSNu saMtuSTa rahate haiM / jo sabhI prANiyoM ko putravat dekhatA hai usase zIghra hI zrI hari yAnI viSNu prasanna ho jAte haiN| ataH brAhmaNa ko cAhie ki kisI kA ahita na kare, sAtha hI sabake hita kI kAmanA kare kyoMki sabhI jIvoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhanA brAhmaNa kA dharma hai / 2 1. hiMsA bhAryA tvadharmasya tato jajJe tathAnRtam / kanyA ca nikRtistAbhyAM bhayaM narakameva ca // 32 // mAyA ca vedanA caiva mithunaM tvidametayoH / tayorjajJe'tha vai mAyA mRtyu bhUtApahAriNam // 33 // vedanA svasutaM cApi du:khaM yajJe'tha rauravAt / / mRtyoAdhijarAzokatRSNAkrodhAzca jajJire // 34 / / duHkhottarAH smRtAH hyate sarve cAdharmalakSaNA: / naiSAM putro'sti vai bhAryA te sarva hyUvaretasaH // 35 // raudrANyetAni rUpANi viSNormunivarAtmaja / nityapralayahetutvaM jagato'sya prayAnti vai // 36 // viSNupurANa, prathama aMza, pra0 7. 2. yajanyajJAnyajatyenaM japatyenaM jpnnp|| nidhanannanyAnhinastyenaM sarvabhUto yato hariH // 10 // paradAraparadravyaparahiMsAsu yo ratim / / na karoti pumAnbhUpa toSyate tena kezavaH / / 14 / / yathAtmani ca putre ca sarvabhUteSu yastathA / hitakAmo haristena sarvadA toSyate sukham // 17 // sarvabhUtahitaM kuryAtnAhitaM kasyacid dvijaH / maitrI samastabhUteSu brAhmaNasyottamaM dhanam // 24 // viSNupurANa, aMza-3, pra. 8.

Page #63
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isa prakAra viSNupurANa ne hiMsA ko sabhI pAtakoM ko jar3a tathA ahiMsA ko viSNa ko saMtuSTa karane yAnI mukti pAne kA bar3A sAdhana kahA hai tathA yajJoM meM anna ke prayoga ko dharmocita batAyA hai| lekina isakA yaha tarka ki viSNa sarvavyApaka haiM aura hiMsA karane vAlA unhIM kI hiMsA karatA hai, ataH hiMsA galata hai, utanA ThIka nahIM mAlama par3atA / kyoki yadi mAre jAne vAle jIva meM viSNa kA nivAsa hai to hiMsaka meM kyA viSNu nivAsa nahIM karate ? isalie jahA~ taka viSNa kI vyApakatA kI bAta hai, mAranevAlA aura maranevAlA donoM hI viSNu ke rUpa haiN| ataeva hiMsA-ahiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM uTha sktaa| agniparANa-isameM ahiMsA evaM anya naitika vratoM kI phaladAyinI vyApakatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye mukti evaM bhukti donoM ke hI denevAle haiN| zAntiparva kI taraha isameM bhI ahiMsA kI tulanA hAthI ke padacihna se kI gaI hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki zauca, saMtoSa, tapasyA, svAdhyAya, Izvara-pUjana, prANiyoM ko kaSTa na denA Adi ahiMsA ke hI vibhinna rUpa hai| isake viparIta udvegajanana, saMtApa denevAlA rudana, pizunatA, hita kA niSedha, dila ko duHkhita karanevAlI bAta, sukha kA abhAva, saMrodha aura vadha ye sabhI hiMsA ke rUpa haiN|' 1. cittavRttinirodhazca jIvabrahmAtmano: pr| ahiMsA satyamasteyaM brahmacaryAparigrahI // 2 // yamAH paJca smRtA vipra niymaabhuktimuktidaaH| zaucaM saMtoSatapasI svAdhyAyezvarapUjane / / 3 / / bhUtapIDA hyahiMsA syAhiMsA dharma uttamaH / / yathA gajapade'nyAni padAni pathagAminAm / / 4 / / evaM sarvamahiMsAyAM dharmArthamabhidhIyate / udvegajananaM hiMsA santApakaraNaM tathA // 5 // rukkRtiH zoNitakRti: paizUnyakaraNaM tthaa| hitAyAtiniSedhazca marmoddhATanameva ca // 6 // sukhApaha nutiH saMrodho vadho dazavidhA ca saa| yadbhUtahitamatyantaM vacaH satyasya lakSaNAm // 7 // agnipurANa, a0 372.

Page #64
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 45 ra matsyapurANa - ahiMsA muni-vratoM meM se eka hai / jitanA puNya cAra vedoM ke adhyayana se yA satya bolane se arjita hotA hai usase kahIM adhika puNya kI prApti ahiMsA vrata ke pAlana se hotI hai / aisA kahakara ahiMsA ke sthAna ko bahuta hI UMcA uThAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / Age calakara yajJa meM kie gae pazu vadha kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yajJa meM pazu-hiMsA karane se dharma ke nAma para bahuta bar3A adharma hotA hai / munijana kabhI bhI hiMsA yA hiMsAparaka yajJa kA anumodana nahIM karate, kyoMki ina logoM ke anusAra zarIra ko aneka varSoM taka tapAkara mukti pAnA tathA kandamUla khAkara kSudhAtRpti karanA zreyaskara hai; ye munijana kabhI bhI hiMsA kI prazaMsA nahIM karate | 3 brahmapurANa - ziva-pArvatI vArtAlApa meM pArvatI ke pUchane para ki kauna-kauna se loga mukti pAne yogya hote haiM, ziva uttarasvarUpa kahate haiM - pralaya aura utpatti ko jAnane vAle, sarvadarzI, sarvajJa evaM vItarAga puruSa karma ke bandhana se mukta ho jAte haiM; usI prakAra mana, 1. sunivratamahiMsAdiparigRhya tvayAkRtam / dharmArthazAstrarahitaM zatru prati vibhAvaso || 15 || ma0 pu0, pra0 60. 2. caturvedeSu yat puNyaM yat puNyaM satyavAdiSu / hasAyAntu yo dharmo gamanAdeva tat phalam ||48 || ma0 pu0 a0 105. 3. pradharmo balavAneSa hiMsA dharmepsayA tava / navaH pazuvidhistviSTastava yajJe surottama / / 12|| zradharmo dharmmaghAtAya prArabdhaH pazubhistvayA / nAdharmo hyadharmo'yaM na hiMsA dharmma ucyate / Agamena bhavAn dharmaM prakarotu yadIcchati // 13 hiMsAsvabhAvo yajJasya iti me darzanAgamaH / tathaite bhAvitA mantrA hiMsAliMga maharSibhiH // 21 // tasmAnnahiMsAyajJe syAdyadulAmRSibhiH purA / RSikoTisahasrANi svaistapobhidivaMgatAH // 26 // tasmAnna hisAyajJaJca prazaMsanti maharSayaH / uJcho mUlaM phalaM zAkamudapAstra tapodhanAH // 30 // ma0 pu0, pra0 142.

Page #65
46 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vacana aura karma se ahiMsA vrata ko pAlane vAle bhI mukta ho jAte haiN| jo jIva hiMsA se rahita, zIlavAna tathA dayAlu haiM aura jinakI daSTi zatra aura mitra ke lie barAbara hai, ve karma-bandhana se chuTakArA pA jAte haiN| saba prANiyoM para dayA dikhAne vAle, saba meM vizvAsa rakhanevAle, saba taraha kI hiMsA se virakta rahanevAle, ekAnta meM bhI parAyI strI kI kAmanA na karanevAle aura mana se bhI kisI jIva kI hiMsA na karanevAle loga svargagAmI hote haiN|' 1. pralayotpattitattvajJAH sarvajJAH sarvadarzinaH / vItarAgA: vimucyante puruSAH karmabandhanaiH // 6 // karmaNA manasA vAcA yena hiMsanti kiMcana / ye na majjanti kasmiMzcitte na baghnanti karmabhiH / / 7 / / prANAtipAtAdviratA: zIlavanto dayAnvitAH / tulyadveSya priyAdAntA mucyante karmabandhanaiH / / 8 // sarvabhUtadayAvanto vizvAsyA: sarvajantuSu / tyaktahiMsrasamAcArAste narA: svargagAminaH / / 6 / / parasvanirmamA nityaM paradArA vijitA: / dharmalabdhArthabhoktAraste narA: svargagAminaH // 10 // araNye vijane nyastaM parasvaM dRzyate yadA / manasA'pi na gRhNanti te narAH svargagAminaH // 30 // tathaiva paradArAnye kAmavRttA rahogatAH / manasA'pi na hiMsanti te narAH svargagAminaH // 31 // evaM bhUto naro devi nirayaM pratipadyate / / viparItastu dharmAtmA svarUpeNAbhijAyate // 46 // nirayaM yAti hiMsAtmA yAti svargamahiMsakaH / yAtanAM niraye raudrAM sakRcchAM labhate naraH // 50 // zubhena karmaNA devi prANighAtavijitaH / nikSiptazastro nirdaNDo na hiMsati kadAcana // 53 / / na ghAtayati no hanti ghnantaM naivAnumodate / sarvabhUteSu sasneho yathA''tmani tathA pare // 54 // IdRzaH puruSo nityaM devi devatvamaznute / upapannAnsukhAnbhogAnsadA'znAti sudAyatuH // 55 // bra0 pu0, ma. 224.

Page #66
47 jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA nAradapurANa-isa purANa meM maharSi bhRgu ke dvArA rAjA bhagIratha ko diyA gayA upadeza ahiMsA-sambandhI vicAra ko kAphI dar3ha banAtA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dharma kA virodha na ho usI prakAra dharmaparAyaNa vyaktiyoM ke karma hone caahie| sajjana puruSoM ke anusAra ve hI satya vacana haiM jinase kisI kA virodha na ho, jinase kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na ho| he rAjana ! yaha ahiMsA kA rUpa hai; isake dvArA sabhI kamAnAe~ pUrNa hotI haiN|' isake alAvA anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana aura karma se binA kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAye viSNa kI pUjA karanI caahie| yogI kisI bhI mArga para cale, yAnI karma yA jJAna yoga ke patha para yA aura kisI mArga para lekina sabhI hAlata meM use ahiMsA, satya, akrodha, brahmacarya, aparigraha, DAha kA tyAga aura dayA kA pAlana karanA Adi isake lie paramAvazyaka haiN| kyoMki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, akrodha aura anasUyA ye saba yama ke saMkSipta rUpa haiM aura ahiMsA jisakA artha hotA hai-kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na pahu~cAnA, yoga meM siddhi dilAne vAlI haiN| 1. dharmAvirodhato vAcyaM taddhi dharmaparAyaNaiH / dezakAlAdivijJAya svayamasyA virodhataH // 24 // yadvacaH procyate sadbhistatsatyamabhidhIyate / sarveSAmeva jaMtUnAmaklezajananaM hi tat // 25 // ahiMsA sA nRpa proktA srvkaamprdaayinii| karmakAryasahAyatvamakArya paripanthatA / / 26 / / nAradapurANa, a0 16. 2. karmaNA manasA vAcA parapIDA parAGmukhaH / tasmAtsarvagataM viSNuM pUjayed bhaktisaMyutaH // 34 / / ahiMsA satyamakrodho brhmcryaaprigrhii| anIp ca dayA caiva yogayorubhayosamAH // 35 // ahiMsA satyamasteyaM brahmacaryaparigrahI / prakrodhazcAnasUyA ca proktA: saMkSepato yamAH / / 7 / / sarveSAmeva bhUtAnAmaklezajananaM hi yat / ahiMsA kathitA sadbhiryogasiddhipradAyinI / / 76 / / nAradapurANa, a0 33.

Page #67
48 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA zivapurANa-zivapurANa ne sAmAnya taura se hiMsA kI gaNanA pApakarmoM meM kI hai, yAnI ahiMsA puNyakarma hai| isake anusAra abhakSya kA bhakSaNa karanA hiMsA, dUsaroM kA dhana haraNa karanA, mAtApitA ko tyAga denA, tathA ziva bhaktoM ke dvArA mAMsa bhakSaNa karanA, jhUTha bolanA Adi pApakarma haiN| jo vyakti pApa-karmoM meM rata hai yAnI krodha karatA hai, hisA karatA hai, tathA apanI AjIvikA ke lie dAna-yajJa karatA hai vaha narakagAmI hotA hai arthAta vibhinna prakAra kI yAtanAe~ pAtA hai / bRhaddharmapurANa evaM kUrmapurANa-bRhaddharmapurANa ne agnipurANa kI taraha hI ahiMsA kA bahuta vistRta rUpa batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki zraddhA, atithi-sevA, sabase AtmIyatA, Atmazuddhi Adi sabhI ahiMsA kI hI vibhinna vidhiyAM haiN| 3 kUrmapurANa ne (jaisA ki hama logoM ne anya jagahoM para dekhA hai ) ahiMsAvata ko sirpha jJAnI yA brAhmaNoM ke lie hI Avazyaka nahIM kahA hai apitu anya AzramoM yA vargoM ke lie bhI ise Avazyaka batAkara isakI vyApakatA ko aura bar3hA diyA hai| isane kahA hai ki kSamA, dama, dayA, dAna, alobha, Arjava, anasUyA, satya, santoSa, zraddhA Adi brAhmaNoM kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| kintu ahiMsA, priya vacana, 1. abhakSyabhakSaNaM hiMsA mithyAkArya nivezanam / parasvAnAmupAdAnaM caturddhA karmakAryakam / / 5 / / pitRmAtRparityAgaH kUTasAkSyaM dvijAnRtam / prAmiSaM zivabhaktAnAmabhakSyasya ca bhakSaNam // 33 // zivapurANa,pra05. 2. ye pApaniratA: krUrA ye'pi hiMsApriyA narAH / vRttyarthaM ye'pi kurnati dAnayajJAdikAH kriyA: / / 21 / / zivapurANa, pra. 6 3. ahiMsAtvAsanajayaH parapIDA vivarjanam / RddhAcAtithisevA ca zAntarUpapradarzanam / / AtmIyatA ca sarvatra AtmabuddhiH paramAtmasu / iti nAnAvidhAH proktA ahiMseti mahAmune // 11-12 / / bRhaddharmapurANa, pa0 2.

Page #68
jainetara paramparAmroM meM ahiMsA 42 apizunatA Adi cAroM varNoM ( brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ) ke liye Avazyaka hai / ' bhAgavatapurANa - isameM sanatkumAra ne ahiMsA ko guru aura zAstroM ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa karanA, bhAgavata dharmoM kA AcaraNa, tattvajijJAsA tathA jJAnayoga kI niSThA Adi brahmaprApti ke aThAraha sAdhanoM meM se eka kahA hai / Age calakara nArada ne yudhiSThira se kahA hai ki dharma ke tIsa lakSaNa haiM jinameM ahiMsA bhI pramukha sthAna rakhatI hai / 1. kSamA damo dayA dAnamalobhastyAga eva ca / prArjavaM cAnasUyA ca tIrthAnusaraNaM tathA / / 65 // satyaM santoSamAstikyaM zraddhA cendriyanigrahaH / devatAbhyarcanaM pUjA brAhmaNAnAM vizeSataH ||66 // hiMsA priyavAditvamapaizunyamakalkatA / sAmAsikamimaM dhammaM cAturvaNrye'bravInmanuH ||67|| kUrmmapurANa, pra0 2. 2. sA zraddhayA bhagavaddharmacaryayA jijJAsayA''dhyAtmikayoganiSThayA / yogezvaropAsanayA ca nityaM puNyazravaH kathayA puNyayA ca // 22 // athendriyArAmasagoSThyatRSNayA tatsammatAnAmaparigraheNa ca / viviktarucyA paritoSa zrAtman vinA hareguNapIyUSapAnAt // 23 // zrahiMsayA pAramahaMsyacaryayA smRtyA sukundAcaritAyyasIdhunA / yamai rakAmairniyamaizcApyanindayA nirIhayA dvandva titikSayA ca // 24|| harermuhustatpara karNapUraguNAbhidhAnena vijRmbhamAraNayA / bhaktyA hyasaMgaH sadasatyanAtmini syAnnirguNe brahmariNa cAJjasA ratiH ||25|| bhAgavatapurANa, prathama khaNDa, skandha 4, a0 22. 3. satyaM dayA tapaH zaucaM titikSekSA zamo damaH / ahiMsA brahmacaryaM ca tyAgaH svAdhyAya zrArjavam ||8|| saMtoSaH samadRk sevA grAmyehoparamaH zanaiH / nRNAM viparyayehekSA maunamAtmavimarzanam // 6 // nRNAmayaM paro dharmaH sarveSAM samudAhRtaH / trizallakSaNavAnrAjansarvAtmA yena tuSyati // 12 // bhAgavatapurANa, prathama khaNDa, skandha 7, zra0 110

Page #69
50 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isake ( bhA0 pu0 ) dvitIya khaNDa meM zukadeva jI ne dharma aura adharma ke caraNa yA rUpa kA varNana karate hae yaha bhI batAyA hai ki kisa prakAra samaya-parivartana ke anusAra dharma aura adharma ke bala ghaTate-bar3hate rahate haiN| inake anusAra satayuga meM dharma ke cAra caraNa the-satya, dayA, tapa aura dAna / isI taraha adharma ke bhI cAra caraNa the-asatya, hiMsA, asantoSa aura klh| tretAyuga meM dharma kA caturthAMza samApta ho gayA phira bhI atyanta hiMsA aura lampaTatA na thii| dvApara meM hiMsA, asantoSa, jhUTha aura dveSa adharma ke cAra caraNoM kI prabalatA ho gaI jinakI vajaha se dharma ke caraNa-tapasthA, satya, dayA aura dAna ardhakSINa ho gae aura kaliyuga meM adharma ke cAroM caraNa apane bala kI parAkASThA para pahuMca gae haiN|' isa prakAra purANoM ko dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki inameM bhI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta pUrNa vikasita evaM samRddha hai tathA ise saMnyAsI aura brAhmaNoM taka hI sImita na rakhakara sabhI vargoM ke lie Avazyaka kahA gayA hai, yaha munivrata hI sirpha na rahakara sAdhAraNa 1. kRte pravartate dharmazcatuSpAttaJjanaidhRtaH / satyaM dayA tapo dAnamiti pAdA vibhonUpa // 18 // santuSTA: karuNA maitrAH zAntA dAntAstitikSavaH / AtmArAmA: samadRza: prAyazaH zramaNA janAH // 16 // tretAyAM dharmapAdAnAM turyAMzo hIyate zanaiH / adharmapAdairanRtahiMsAsantoSavigrahaiH // 20 // tadA kriyAtaponiSThA nAtihiMsrA na lampaTAH / traivargikAstrayI vRddhA varNA brahmottarA napa / / 21 / / tapassatyadayAdAneSvadhaM hrasati dvApare / hiMsAtuSTyanRtadveSairdharmasyAdharmalakSaNaH // 22 // yazasvino mahAzAlA: svAdhyAyAdhyayane ratAH / pADhyA: kuTumbino hRSTA varNA: kSadvijottarAH // 2 // kalI tu dharmahetUnAM turyAMzo'dharmahetubhiH / edhamAnaiH kSIyamANo hyante so'pi vinakSyati // 24 // bhAgavatapurANa, dvitIya khaNDa, skandha 12, pra0 3.

Page #70
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA dharma kA pramukha aMga bana gayA hai, jaisA ki hamalogoM ne mahAbhArata meM dekhA hai / kahIM-kahIM yaha apane meM sabhI dharmoM ko samAviSTa karatI huI dIkhatI hai aura zukadeva jI ne jo samayAnusAra dharma yA adharma kI zakti kI vaddhi yA kSaya kA jo prasaMga upasthita kiyA hai usase vibhinna yugoM meM hiMsA athavA ahiMsA kI gati-vidhi kA eka andAja-sA lagatA hai| brAhmaNa darzana : upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita dArzanika siddhAntoM kA sArasvarUpa 'tattvamasi' maMtra bahuta hI prasiddha hai| isakA artha hai, tvaM yAnI jIva aura tat yAnI brahma, eka hai, arthAt donoM meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| isa siddhAnta ke vivecana tathA spaSTIkaraNa ke lie aupaniSadika kAla ke bAda vibhinna dArzanikoM ne prayAsa kie jinake phalasvarUpa anya matoM ke janma hue, jaise sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, nyAya, mImAMsA tathA vedAnta jinheM SaDdarzana kahA jAtA hai| rAdhAkRSNan ne kahA hai _ "bhArata meM hama bauddhakAla meM dArzanika cintana kI eka mahatI lahara umar3atI haI pAte haiM . .... ... ... ... / bauddha tathA jaina dharmoM ke viplava ne, vaha viplava apane Apa meM cAhe jaisA bhI thA, bhAratIya vicAradhArA ke kSetra meM eka vizeSa aitihAsika yuga kA nirmANa kiyaa............| vAstavika tathA jijJAsAbhAva se nikalA huA saMzayavAda vizvAsa ko usakI svAbhAvika nIMvoM para jamAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| nIMva ko adhika gaharAI meM DAlane kI AvazyakatA kA hI pariNAma mahAn dArzanika halacala ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA, jisane chaH darzanoM ko janma diyA jinameM kAvya tathA dharma kA sthAna vizleSaNa aura zuSka samIkSA ne le liyA / " isase lagatA hai ki SaDdarzanoM kA janma I0 pUrva chaThI zatI meM hI huaa| ina darzanoM meM sirpha tAttvika vivecana hI nahIM balki jJAna-mImAMsA evaM naitika vicAra-vimarza ko bhI sthAna milA hai, 1. bhAratIya darzana-rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 2, hi0 anu0-nandakizora gobhila, pR0 15.

Page #71
52 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA aura inakI naitika samasyAoM meM hiMsA - ahiMsA kA prazna bhI eka rahA hai / yoga - isake anusAra yoga meM ATha aMga haiM - yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi / aura ahiMsA satya, brahmacarya, asteya tathA aparigraha- ye yama ke hI rUpa haiM / ye mahAvrata haiM jo jAti, deza, kAla, samaya tathA paristhitiyoM meM hI sImita nahIM rahate / isI prakAra zauca, santoSa, tapa Adi niyama haiM / kintu yama aura niyama ke abhyAsa ke samaya vitarka yA virodhI bAteM yAnI kuvicAra mana meM Ate haiM aura ye kuvicAra hiMsA yA anya kukarma athavA pApa karane ko prerita karate haiN| hiMsA kI jAtI hai, karAI jAtI hai tathA karane ko anumodita hotI hai, arthAt koI vyakti svataH hiMsA karatA hai, dUsare ko AjJA dekara hiMsA karavAtA hai aura hiMsAmaya kArya dekhakara cupa raha jAtA hai, usakA virodha nahIM karatA / ye lobha, krodha aura moha ke kAraNa hotI haiM / inake tIna stara hote haiM - mRdu, madhya aura tIvra / isa prakAra kRta, kArita evaM anumodita, tathA lobha, krodha evaM moha ke AdhAra para hone ke kAraNa hiMsA prakAra kI hotI hai| cUMki ye tIna staroM (mRdu, madhya evaM tIvra ) kI hotI haiM, isalie 6 x 3 = 27 prakAra hue| phira mRdu, madhya evaM tIvra ke bhI alaga-alaga tIna-tIna stara ho sakate haiM; jaise - mRdu-mRdu, mRdu-madhya, mRdu- tIvra ; madhya-mRdu, madhya-madhya, madhya- tIvra aura tIvra - mRdu, tIvra - madhya, tIvra tIvra / ina sabake AdhAra para hiMsA 81 prakAra kI hotI hai / isa taraha ahiMsA ke pratiSThAna se vaira kA sarvathA tyAga ho jAtA hai / 1. yamaniyamAsanaprAraNAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhayo'STAvaMgAni // 26 // zrahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH || 30 // jAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam // 31 // zauca saMntoSatapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH ||32|| vitarkA hiMsAdayaH kRtakAritAnumodita lobhakrodhamohapUrvakA sRdumadhyAdhimAtrA duHkhAjJAnAnantaphalA iti pratipakSabhAvanam // 34 // hiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhI vairatyAgaH ||35|| yogasUtra, pra0 2.

Page #72
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA isa prakAra yoga sUtra meM hiMsA-ahiMsA ke bahuta hI sUkSma rUpoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aise hiMsA ke 27 prakAra to sAmAnyataura se samajha meM A jAte haiM kintu usake bAda ke batAe hue prakAra jinheM vyAsa bar3hAkara 81 hI nahIM balki asaMkhya taka le jAte haiM, ve sirpha vicAroM kI daur3Ana mAtra hI kahe jA sakate haiN| ____ sAMkhya tathA mImAMsA-sAMkhya usa pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jo yaha mAnatA hai ki yajJoM meM kI gaI hiMsA bhI doSapUrNa hai| isameM bhI utane hI doSa haiM jitane ki anya samayoM yA jagahoM para kI gaI hiMsAoM meM hote haiN| mImAMsA usa pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jo kahatA hai-"vaidiko hiMsA, hiMsA na bhavati" arthAta yajJoM meM kI gaI hiMsA, hiMsA nahIM hotii| isa saMbaMdha meM 'sAMkhyatattvakaumudI' meM eka bahata hI rocaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| samasyA hai du.khatraya -AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika se chaTakArA pAne kii| isake samAdhAna ke lie tIna sAdhana haiM-laukika upAya-jaise anna se bubhukSA, jala se pyAsa, auSadhi se jvara, indriyanigraha se kAma, dAna se lobha, dayA se krodha Adi dUra hote haiN| zAstrIya upAya- vedoM ke anusAra yajJa karanA aura zAstra-jijJAsA se abhiprAya hai prakRti tathA puruSa kA vivekajJAna / ' inameM laukika upAya duHkha kI aikAntika tathA Atyantika nivRtti nahIM kara sakate aura yahI bAta vedokta yajJAdi karmakANDa ke sAtha bhI hai| kyoMki ye azuddhi ( mala ) tathA nyUnAdhika viSamatA se yukta haiN| ataH prakRti-puruSa kA vivekajJAna hI zreyaskara hai, muktidAyaka hai| vaidika yajJa dharma yA puNya utpanna karane ke sAtha hI sAtha adharma yA pApa bhI paidA kara dete haiM, kyoMki ye hiMsAyukta hote haiM aura yahI inakI avizuddhi kA kAraNa hai| sarvaprathama kArikA 2 meM Ae hue 'AnuzravikaH' zabda ke artha kI samasyA uThatI hai / 'Anuzravika' 1. duHkhatrayAbhighAtAj jijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau / dRSTe sA'pArthA cennakAntAtyantato'bhAvAd // 1 // sAMkhyakArikA 1. 2. dRSTavadAnuvikaH, sa hyavizuddhi kSayAtizayayuktaH // tadviparIta: zreyAn, vyaktAvyaktajJavijJAnAd // 2 / / sAM0 kA0 2.

Page #73
54 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA to pUrI zruti ko kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha sunI gaI hai| lekina aisA samajhane se to prakRti aura puruSa kA vivekajJAna jo vedoM para hI AdhArita hai, doSapUrNa ho jaaygaa| ataH yadyapi 'Anuzravika' kA sAmAnya artha pUrNa zruti se hai, yahA~ para sirpha karmakANDa yAnI vaidika yajJAdi hI samajhanA caahie| vaidika yajJoM ke viSaya meM bhASyakAra ne kahA hai- 'svalpaH saMkaraH, saparihAraH' yAnI yajJa meM jo saMkara doSa hai, vaha svalpa hai, kama mAtrA meM hai; jisakA parihAra ho sakatA hai, yadi parihAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isakA matalaba hai ki avizuddhi bhI avazya hai / isake alAvA vaidika vicAradhArA eka ora to prastuta karatI hai'na hisyAt sarvabhUtAni'---kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, aura dUsarI ora kahatI hai-'agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta'agni aura soma ke lie pazu le aao| ye donoM bAteM virodhAtmaka haiN| kintu mImAMsakoM kA kathana hai ki 'na hisyAt sarvabhUtAni' sAmAnya niyama hai aura 'agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta' vizeSa niyama hai aura ina donoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai| kyoMki jahA~ para vizeSa niyama lAgU hotA hai vahA~ para sAmAnya niyama lAgU nahIM hotaa| yadi virodha hotA to vizeSa niyama sAmAnya ko prabhAvita krtaa| kintu aisA kahanA mImAMsakoM ke pakSa meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki jahAM taka sirpha avirodha kI bAta hai to ina donoM niyamoM ke bhI do-do artha ho sakate haiM aura donoM meM koI virodha nahIM ho sakatA, jaise___'na hisyAt sarvabhUtAni' sirpha yahI vyakta karatA hai ki hiMsA anarthakAriNI hai, yaha aisA nahIM kahatA ki hiMsA yajJa ke lie anupayogI hai| ThIka isI taraha 'agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta' itanA batAtA hai ki hiMsA yajJa ke lie upayogI hai, na ki yaha anarthakAriNI hai| aisA hone para donoM hI vAkyoM ke do-do artha hoMgena hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni-1. hiMsA anarthakAriNI hai / 2. hiMsA yajJa ke lie anupayogI hai|

Page #74
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta-1. hiMsA yajJa meM upayogI hai| 2. hiMsA anarthakAriNI hai| kintu do-do artha hone se vAkyoM meM 'vAkyabheda doSa' A jAegA, jise mImAMsaka bhI mAnate haiN| yadi vAkyabheda doSa ko na bhI mAnA jAe to bhI ina donoM arthoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai--hiMsA yajJa ke lie Avazyaka hai aura hiMsA pApajanaka hai| aura aisA siddha ho jAne para yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki AvazyakarUpa se hiMsA Adi kA honA yajJAdi karmakANDoM meM avizuddhi kA kAraNa hai|' vedAnta-siddhAntataH (advaita) vedAnta yaha mAnatA hai ki brahma eka hai, dUsarA nahIM, aura usI brahma ke aneka rUpa yA aMza haiM tathA brahma satyaM jagana mithyA ..........."arthAt brahma hI kevala satya hai, aura jo bhI hai asatya hai / aisI hAlata meM hiMsA-ahiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| kyoMki hiMsA karane vAlA tathA hiMsita hone vAlA donoM hI brahma hI ke aMza haiN| sAtha hI yadi saba kucha sivAya eka brahma ke asatya hI hai to hiMsA yA ahiMsA jo bhI isa jagata meM hotA ho saba kucha asatya hI hogaa| kintu vyAvahArika kSetra meM advaita vedAntI loga bhI hiMsA-ahiMsA ko mAnate haiM / ataH brahmasUtra (3. 1. 25) kI vyAkhyA karate samaya zaMkarAcArya ne hiMsA evaM yajJa ke sambandha kA vivecana kiyA hai| sUtra hai 'azuddhamiti cenna zabdAta // 25 / / ' a0 3, pAda 1. ___ arthAta vaidika yajJa-agniSToma Adi azuddha haiM, kyoMki ina meM pazu-hiMsA hotI hai| ataH isake karane vAle duHkhI jIvana prApta karate haiM aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / isako bhASyakAra zaMkara yoM kahate haiM 'pazu-hiMsA Adi ke yoga se yajJakarma azuddha hai, usakA phala aniSTa ho sakatA hai, isalie anuzayI jIvoM kA brIhi Adi rUpa se janma yadi mukhyArtha ho sakatA hai to usameM gauNI kalpanA artha (prayojana ) rahita hogI, aisA jo kahA gayA hai, usakA 1. sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kA0 1-2; sAMkhyatattvakaumudIprabhA-DA. mAdyA prasAda mishr|

Page #75
56 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA parihAra kiyA jAtA hai-nahIM, aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki dharma-adharma ke vijJAna kA hetu zAstra hai, yaha dharma hai aura yaha adharma hai, isake vijJAna meM zAstra hI kAraNa hai, kyoMki ve donoM-dharma aura adharma atIndriya haiM aura unakA deza, kAla aura nimitta aniyata hai| jisa deza, kAla aura nimitta meM jisa dharma kA anuSThAna hotA hai vahI dharma anya deza, anya kAla aura anya nimitta meM adharma ho jAtA hai| isalie zAstra ke binA dharma aura adharma kA jJAna kisI ko bhI nahIM hotaa| hiMsAnugraha Adi jisakA svarUpa hai, aisA jyotiSToma dharmarUpa se zAstra dvArA nizcita huA hai, vaha azuddha hai, aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? parantu 'na hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni' (saba bhUtoM kI-kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na karo) yaha zAstra hI bhUtaviSayaka hiMsA adharma hai, aisA batalAtA hai| satya hai, vaha to utsarga hai| aura 'agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta' (agni aura soma ke lie pazu kA vadha kare ) yaha apavAda hai| utsarga aura apavAda kA viSaya vyavasthita hai| isalie vaidika karma vizuddha hai, kyoMki ziSTa usakA anuSThAna karate haiM aura vaha nindA karane ke yogya nahIM hai| isalie sthAvara rUpa se janma jo pratikUla hai, vaha usakA phala nahIM hai|' arthAt zaMkara bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki vedoM dvArA nirdezita yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA adharmamUlaka yA pApajanaka nahIM hai| vaiSNava dharma-vaiSNava dharma ke AdhAra grantha gItA, viSNupurANa, bhAgavatapurANa Adi haiM, jinameM Aye hue vicAra hamane pahale hI prastuta kiye haiN| isake pradhAna AcAryoM meM rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitavAdI, mAdhavAcArya dvaitavAdI, viSNusvAmI aura vallabha zuddhAdvaitavAdI, nimbArka dvaitAdvaitavAdI tathA caitanya mahAprabhu acintyabhedAbhedavAdI Adi ke nAma Ate haiN| rAmAnuja ( 1037-1137 I0 ) ne 'zrIbhASya' meM brahmasUtra ( 3. 1. 25) kI vyAkhyA apane DhaMga se kI hai| inake sAmane bhI 1. brahmasUtra-zAMkarabhASya, anu0-yativara bholebAbA, bhAga 2, pR0 1666-1700.

Page #76
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA 'na hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni' tathA 'agniSomIyaM pazumAlabheta' do pakSa haiM / ye kahate haiM ki aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA, svataMtrarUpa meM kI gaI hiMsA se bhinna hai kyoMki inameM prathama to dharmoM. padezAnusAra hotI hai aura dUsarI kisI lobha yA moha ke kAraNa hai| kintu bAta aisI nahIM, kyoMki yajJa meM jo hiMsA hotI hai vaha bhI isa lobha yA phalaprApti ke kAraNa hotI hai ki Age calakara yajJakartA ko svarga yA svarga kA Ananda mile / kyoMki kahA hai'svagaMkAmo yajeta' =svargakAmI yajJa kre| tai0 saM0 2.5.5. ataH yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA aura svataMtra rUpa se anyatra kI gaI hiMsA meM koI antara nahIM hai| aisI bAta vahA~ bhI pAI jAtI hai jahA~ kahA gayA hai-'sarvavarNAnAM svadharmAnuSThAne paramaparimitaM sukham' AzvalAyana dharmasUtra-2. 1. 2. 2. __ apane dharma ke pAlana meM sabhI vargoM ko parama sukha kI prApti hotI hai, yAnI dhArmika kriyA-karmoM ke pAlana meM sukha kI abhilASA rahatI hI hai| isa lobha ke kAraNa dhArmika karmoM kA pAlana azuddha hai aura hiMsA Adi pApakarmoM ke kAraNa hI dhAnya Adi sthAvara yoni meM jIva janma pAtA hai| jaisA ki manu ne kahA hai-- zarIrajaH karmadoSeti sthAvaratAM naraH / manusmRti-12.6. kintu rAmAnuja ke anusAra bAta aisI nahIM hai| yajJa meM jo hiMsA hotI hai usakI vizeSatA kucha aura hai / bali dene ke samaya pazu ko svarga meM bhejane kI kAmanA karate haiM aura usase kahate haiM ki hama tumheM mAra nahIM rahe haiM, tumheM sunahalI deha ke sAtha, sahaja DhaMga se vahA~ bheja rahe haiM jahA~ duSkarmI nahIM balki bar3e-bar3e karmayogI anekoM prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM ko jhelane ke bAda jAte haiM; isa rAha para sUrya tumhArA patha pradarzana kreN|' yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA usa prakAra kI hai jaise kisI DAkTara ke dvArA kI gaI cIra-phAr3a / DhAkTara ghAva ko cIrate samaya ghAva-grasta 1. na vA u vai tanmriyase na riSyasi devAnideSi pathibhiH sumebhiH / / yatra yanti sukRto nApi duSkRtastatra tvA devaH savitA dadhAtu // tai0 brA0 3.7.7.14.

Page #77
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vyakti ko kaSTa avazya hotA hai lekina usakA uddezya usa vyakti ko duHkha se chuTakArA dilAkara sukhI banAnA hotA hai| ThIka usI taraha yajJa meM bali dekara pazu ko svarga meM bhejA jAtA hai joki adhika sukhakara hotA hai| ataH ca ki vaidikI hiMsA kA uddezya duHkha denA nahIM balki sukha denA hai, vaha doSapUrNa yA azuddha nahIM kahI jA sktii| vallabhAcArya, jinake janma kA samaya rAdhAkRSNana ne 1401 I0 tathA baladeva upAdhyAya ne 1476 I0 batAyA hai,2 ne apane aNubhASya meM brahmasUtra ( 3.1.25 ) kI vyAkhyA karate hue yahI mAnA hai ki yajJa meM kI jAnevAlI hiMsA doSayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha devasvIkRta hai| devatA loga bhI anna kI havi dete haiM jisase vIrya paidA hotA hai ( chA0 upa0 5.7.2 ) / isake alAvA zAstroM ne bhI isakI zuddhi hetu saMskArakarma batAe haiN| yadi donoM meM se kisI ko bhI na mAnA jAye taba jIvana paryanta hone vAle vibhinna kArya kisa prakAra sampanna hoMge ? ataH hiMsA hone ke kAraNa yajJa azuddha aura aniSTakArI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra sampUrNa vaidika paramparA para dRSTi DAlane se aisA lagatA hai ki ahiMsA kA siddhAntarUpa meM prArambha upaniSadoM meM hotA hai kintu vedoM meM bhI isakI jhalaka kahIM-kahIM dikha jAtI hai| brAhmaNoM meM hiMsAyukta yajJa kI pradhAnatA milatI hai| smati ( manusmati) meM yadyapi vaidika karmakANDoM para jora diyA gayA hai, ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko bhI pahale kI tulanA meM Age bar3hAyA gayA hai| sUtroM meM ahiMsA kI rUparekhA bahuta hI kSINa-sI dIkhatI hai kyoMki dharmasUtroM ke kucha sthaloM ko chor3akara sabhI gahyasUtra yA dharmasUtra unhIM karmoM ke vidhAna dete haiM jo hiMsAyukta haiN| gItA meM hiMsA ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana acchI taraha huA hai| isameM yajJa ko hiMsArahita batAte hue usake vibhinna prakAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mahA1. zrIbhASya-saM0 Ara0 DI0 karamarakara, bhAga 3, pR0 766-766. 2. Indian Philosophy-Radhakrishnan, Vol. II, p. 759; bhAratIya darzana-paMDita baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 514.

Page #78
jainetara paramparAoM meM hisA 5e bhArata aura purANoM meM to ahiMsA kA siddhAnta pUrNa vikasita mAlUma par3atA hai / inameM hiMsAyukta yajJa kI kAphI bhatsarnA kI gaI hai kintu paristhiti vizeSa jaise, Atma-rakSA, samAja - rakSA, rASTra- rakSA Adi ke lie chUTa bhI milI hai, yAnI hiMsA ko kSamya samajhA gayA hai / nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, advaita vedAnta Adi brAhmaNa darzanoM meM 'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' ko apanAyA hai lekina sAMkhya ne isakI kar3I AlocanA kI hai, hiMsApUrNa yajJa ko isane azuddha mAnA hai / vaiSNava paramparA ke rAmAnuja evaM vallabha Adi AcAryoM ne hiMsAyukta hone para bhI vaidika yajJAdi ko zuddha aura doSarahita mAnA hai. yadyapi anya prakAra kI hiMsA ko ghRNita evaM tyAjya batAyA hai / bauddha paramparA : bauddha paramparA kI mUlabhitti bauddha dharma yA bauddha darzana hai, jisake janmadAtA gautama buddha the / unakA janma I0 pUrva 6ThIM zatI meM huA thA / vaha AdhyAtmika asaMtoSa yA asaMtulana kA yuga thA / usa samaya adhyAtma-cintana se jyAdA vaidika yajJoM para aura unake vidhi-vidhAnoM para bala diyA jA rahA thA / devatA kI bhakti ke badale dharmazAstroM ke prati jyAdA jhukAva thA / jo vyakti yajJAdi ke niyamoM meM pravINa hotA thA usakA karma-kANDa ke kSetra meM yA yoM kaheM ki dharma ke kSetra meM ekAdhipatya sA hotA thA / ataH inakI pratikriyA svarUpa bauddha dharma kA udaya huA jisane veda, yajJAdi karma-kANDa tathA hiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa virodha kiyA / " bauddha dharma ke do rUpa milate haiM : 1 - zuddha dhArmika rUpa, jisameM AcAra mAgaM ko bahuta hI sarala DhaMga se prastuta karane kA prayAsa hai, aura 2 - dArzanika rUpa, jisameM AcAra kI zikSA kI gaharAI meM rahane vAle, sUkSma dArzanika siddhAntoM kA vivecana evaM vikAsa kiyA gayA hai / isake do AdhAra stambha haiMsuttapiTaka tathA vinayapiTaka / 'suttapiTaka' meM dIghanikAya, majjhima 1. History of Philosophy - Eastern and Western (Ed. Radhakrishnan), p. 154.

Page #79
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA nikAya, saMyutta nikAya, aMguttara nikAya tathA khuddaka nikAya haiN| khuddaka nikAya meM hI 'dhammapada' hai, jisameM buddha dvArA prastuta upadezAtmaka 423 gAthAe~ saMkalita haiM tathA 'jAtaka' jo buddha ke pUrva janmoM se sambandhita 550 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai, bahata prasiddha hai| isake alAvA khahaka pATha, udAna, itivRttaka, suttanipAta, vimAnavatthu, petavatthu, theragAthA, therIgAthA, niddesa, paTisammidAmagga, avadAna, buddhavaMza tathA cariyApiTaka haiN| pAtimokkha (bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI pAtimokkha ), khandhaka tathA parivAra vinayapiTaka ke tIna vibhAga haiM, inameM se khandhaka mahAvagga aura calavagga ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hotA hai / puggalapajjati, dhAtukathA, dhammasaMgaNi, vibhaMga, paThAna, pakaraNa, kathAvastu tathA yama abhidhammapiTaka ke rUpa meM saNhojhe jAte haiM / ina sabake alAvA 'milidapama' jisakI racanA nAgasena ne kI thI, ko bauddha sAhitya meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| bauddha paramparA meM mana, vacana tathA karma se anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa na dene ko ahiMsA kI saMjJA dI gaI hai|' ahiMsA ke patha para calane vAlA na svayaM kisI ko du:kha detA hai aura na kisI anya vyakti ko isake lie prerita karatA hai,2 vaha bar3e-bar3e jIvoM ko hI nahIM balki ekendriya per3a paudhoM ko bhI kaSTa nahIM phNcaataa| isameM ahiMsA ko eka acchA sthAna milA hai lekina ise vaha zreSThatama sthAna nahIM milA hai jo ki mitratA ko diyA gayA hai, yadyapi 'ahiMsA' aura 'mitratA' donoM hI eka-dUsare para AdhArita haiN| isake anasAra jitane bhI AcAra haiM, bhale hI ve eka bhikSa ke lie hoM athavA eka gahastha ke lie, una saba meM mitratA hI zreSTha hai. jise vyApaka DhaMga se nibhAne ke lie hI anya AcAra Acarita hote haiM / dIghanikAya-isa nikAya ke 'brahmajAla satta' meM bhikSaoM ko upadeza dete hue buddha ne tIna prakAra ke zIloM-Arambhika, madhyama 1. saMyuttanikAya, hindI anu0--bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa tathA bhikSu dharma rakSita, pahalA bhAga, pRSTha 71. 2. dhammapada, 25. 6-10. 3. vinayapiTaka, hindI anuvAda-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pRSTha 207.

Page #80
jainetara paramparAoM meM prahiMsA 61 tathA mahA kI carcA kI hai, jinheM apanAnA bhikSuoM ke lie atyanta Avazyaka samajhA hai / ina zIloM ke antargata ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya, satya, naze kA tyAga Adi ko sthAna diyA hai / " ahiMsA 1. prArambhika zIla - bhikSuno ! vaha choTA aura gauNa zIla kauna-sA hai, jisake kAraNa nAr3I merI prazaMsA karate haiM ? (ve ye haiM) - zramaNa gautama jIvahiMsA ( prANAtipAta ) ko chor3a hiMsA se virata rahatA hai / vaha daMDa aura zastra ko tyAgakara lajjAvAna, dayAlu aura saba jIvoM kA hita cAhanevAlA hai / zramaNa gautama corI ( zradattAdAna ) ko chor3akara corI se virata rahatA hai / ....... vyabhicAra chor3akara zramaNa gautama nikRSTa strI-saMbhoga se sarvathA virata rahatA hai / ..... kaThora bhASaNa ko chor3a zramaNa gautama kaThora bhASaNa se virata rahatA hai| vaha nirdoSa, madhura, premapUrNa, ja~cane vAlA, ziSTa aura bahujanapriya bhASaraNa karanevAlA hai / bhikSusro ! athavA gautama kisI bIja yA prANI ke nAza karane se virata rahatA hai dalAlI, ThagI aura jhUThA sonA-cAMdI banAne ( nikati ) ke kuTila kAma se, hAtha-paira kATane, vadha karane, bAMdhane, lUTane-pITane aura DAkA DAlane ke kAma se virata rahatA hai / zramaNa madhyamazIla - bhikSuzro ! athavA anAr3I merI prazaMsA isa prakAra karate haiM- jisa prakAra kitane zramaraNa aura brAhmaNa ( gRhasthoM ke dvArA ) zraddhApUrvaka diye gaye bhojana ko khAkara isa prakAra ke sabhI bIja zrIra sabhI prANI ke nAza meM lage rahate haiM, jaise mUlabIja ( jinakA uganA mUla se hotA hai), skandhabIja ( jinakA praroha gAMTha se hotA hai, jaise Ikha), phalabIja aura pAMcavAM pragrabIja ( Upara se ugatA paudhA ) | usa prakAra zramaNa gautama bIja aura prANI kA nAza nahIM karatA / ...... mahAzIla - jisa prakAra kitane zramaNa zrIra brAhmaNa zraddhApUrvaka diye gaye bhojana ko khAkara isa prakAra kI hIna ( nIca ) vidyA se jIvana bitAte haiM, jaise..... mUSika-viSa, agni-havana, darvI- homa, tuSa-homa, karaNahoma, taNDula * homa, ghRta- homa, taila-homa, mukha meM ghI lekara kulle se homa, rudhira - homa ... zramaNa gautama isa prakAra kI hIna vidyA se nindita jIvana nahIM bitAtA / dIghanikAya, hindI anu0rA0 sAMkRtyAyana tathA ja0 kAzyapa, pR0 2-3.

Page #81
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kA sambandha sirpha mAnava mAtra ke hI prANAghAta yA kaSTa se nahIM, balki jIva, bIja Adi ko bhI vinaSTa hone se bacAne se hai| ataH mUlabIja, skandhabIja, phalabIja evaM agrabIja Adi ko nAza se bacAne vAle ko hI zramaNa yA bhikSu kahA gayA hai| kaThora vacana na bolakara premapUrNa sarvajanapriya bhASaNa denA bhI ahiMsA kI zreNI meM liyA gayA hai| Age calakara "sAmaphala sutta' meM "bhikSu hone kA pratyakSaphala" zIrSaka ke antargata phira se inhIM bAtoM ko prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ Arabhmika zIla ke antargata ahiMsA, asteya Adi kI alaga-alaga gaNanA karake ina saboM kI saMkhyA 25 batAyI gaI hai| madhyazIla aura mahAzIla ke alAvA indriyoM kA saMvara (saMyama), smRti, samprajanya aura santoSa Adi ko bhI zIla kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai|' 'tevijja-sutta' meM vAziSTha mANava ko 'brahmA kI salokatA kA mArga' pradarzita karate hue buddha ne 1-maitrI bhAvanA, 2-karuNA bhAvanA, 3-muditA bhAvanA evaM 4-upekSA bhAvanA para bala diyA hai| buddha kahate haiM-2 ___ "vaha ( bhikSu ) maitrIbhAva yukta citta se eka dizA ko pUrNa karake viharatA hai; dUsarI dizA0, tIsarI dizA0, cauthI0 isa prakAra Upara nIce Ar3e ber3e sampUrNa mana se, sabake lie, mitrabhAva (maitrI) yakta, vipula, mahAna = apramANa, vaira-rahita, droha-rahita citta se sAre hI loka ko sparza karatA-viharatA hai| jaise vAziSTha ! balavAn zaMkhaghamA ( zaMkha bajAne vAlA) thor3I hI mihanata se cAroM dizAoM ko guMjA detA hai / vAziSTha isI prakAra mitra-bhAvanA se bhAvita, citta kI mukti se jitane prakAra meM kAma kiyA gayA hai, vaha vahIM avazeSa = khatama nahIM hotaa|" "upekSA" kA matalaba vaira, droha Adi kI upekSA se hai / isa prakAra yahA~ para maitrI ko pradhAnatA dekara ahiMsA ko hI prazraya diyA gayA hai| 1. dIghanikAya, pR. 24-28. 2. dIghanikAya, pR0 60-62.

Page #82
jainetara paramparAoM meM mahisA 63 saMyutta nikAya -- saMyutta nikAya ke 'mallikA sutta' meM rAjA prasenajita ke kahane para ki 'apane se pyArA koI nahIM hai' buddha kahate haiM sabhI dizAoM meM apane mana ko daur3A, kahIM bhI apane se pyArA dUsarA koI nahIM milA, vaise hI, dUsaroM ko bhI apanA bar3A pyArA hai, isalie, apanI bhalAI cAhane vAlA dUsare ko mata satAve / 1 Age calakara 'brAhmaNa saMyuktta' ke ahiMsaka sutta meM bhAradvAja brAhmaNa ke dvArA apane ko ahiMsaka ghoSita karane para, ahiMsaka zabda ko pAribhASita karate hue buddha brAhmaNa se kahate haiM- jaisA nAma hai vaisA hI hovo, tuma saca meM ahiMsaka hI hovo, jo zarIra se, vacana se aura mana se hiMsA nahIM karatA vahI saca meM ahiMsaka hotA hai, jo parAe ko kabhI nahIM satAtA / sAtaveM pariccheda ke 'lakSaNa saMyuktta' meM gRddhakUTa parvata para vihAra karane vAle lakSaNa aura mahAmaudgalyAyana ke bIca hue vArtAlApa ke sandarbha meM buddha ke dvArA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki hatyA karane athavA hiMsA karane ke kyA pariNAma hote haiM / kathAnaka isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai - eka samaya gRddhakUTa parvata para se utarate hue mahAmaudgalyAyana ne kucha dekhakara muskarA diyA, isase lakSaNa ke mana meM AzaMkA huI aura unhoMne muskarAne kA kAraNa pUchA, taba apane muskarAne kA kAraNa ve buddha ke samakSa kahate haiM 'Ausa ! gRddhakUTa parvata se utarate hue maiMne haDDiyoM ke eka kaMkAla ko AkAza mArga se jAte dekhA / use gIdha bhI, kaue bhI aura cIla bhI jhapaTa - jhapaTa kara nocate the, Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dete the, aura vaha Arttasvara kara rahA thA / ' taba buddha kahate haiM 'bhikSuo ! pahale maiMne bhI usa sattva ko dekhA thA, kintu kisI ko nahIM kahA / yadi maiM kahatA to zAyada dUsare nahIM mAnate / jo mujhe nahIM mAnate unakA yaha cirakAla taka ahita aura duHkha 1. saMyukta nikAya, pahalA bhAga, pRSTha 71. 2 saMyuktA nikAya, pahalA bhAga, pRSTha 132.

Page #83
64 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ke lie hotaa| bhikSuo ! vaha satva isI rAjagRha meM gauhatyA karane vAlA thaa| isa pApa ke phalasvarUpa vaha........." lAkhoM varSa taka naraka meM pacatA rhaa| usa karma ke avasAna meM usane aisA AtmabhAva pratilAbha kiyA hai|'' isa prakAra 'goghAtaka satta' meM gAya mArane vAle, piNDasAkuNIsutta meM ciDimAra, nicchavorabhisutta meM bher3oM ko mArane vAle kasAI, asisUkarikasutta meM sUara mAranevAle kasAI, sattimAgavIsutta meM mRgamAra ( = baheliyA ), usakAraNikasutta meM anyAyI nyAyAdhIza, sUcisArathIsutta meM sArathI, sUcakasutA meM sUcaka tathA grAmakUTaka suttA meM gAMva ke duSTa paMca ke varNana haiN| yAnI ye sabhI hiMsaka haiM aura hiMsA ke pariNAma svarUpa inheM atyanta kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| yajJa-jahAM taka yajJa kI bAta hai, buddha ne hiMsAyukta yajJa kA virodha kiyA hai aura hiMsArahita yajJa ko hitakara evaM ucita batAyA hai| jaba unheM rAjA prasenajita ke yahAM hone vAle hiMsAyukta yajJa kI khabara bhikSaoM ke dvArA milatI hai to ve kahate haiM ki yajJa meM hiMsA karane ke phala acche nahIM hote maharSi loga, jo sumArga para calane vAle haiM vaise yajJoM ke lie nirdeza karate haiM, jinameM bher3a, bakare aura gAyeM Adi nahIM kaTate / 2 1. saMyutta nikAya, pahalA bhAga, pRSTha 301-302. 2. azva-medha, puruSa-medha, samyak pAza, vAjapeya, nirargala aura aisI hI bar3I-bar3I karAmAteM, sabhI kA acchA phala nahIM hotA hai / bher3a, bakare aura gAyeM taraha-taraha ke jahAM mAre jAte haiM, sumArgapara ArUr3ha maharSi loga aise yajJa nahIM batAte haiM / jisa yajJa meM aisI tUleM nahIM hotI haiM, sadA anukUla yajJa karate hai, bher3a, bakare aura gauveM taraha-taraha ke jahAM nahIM mAre jAte haiM, sumArga para ArUr3ha maharSi loga aise hI yajJa batAte haiM, buddhimAna puruSa aisA hI yajJa kare, isa yajJa kA mahAphala hai, isa yajJa karanevAle kA kalyANa hotA hai, ahita nahIM, yaha yajJa mahAna hotA hai, devatA prasanna hote haiN| saMyutta nikAya, prathama bhAga, pR0 72.

Page #84
jainetara paramparAmroM meM ahiMsA 65 apramAda - rajakaNa aura mahApRthvI ke bIca ke antara ko dikhAte hue buddha bhikSuoM ko upadeza dete haiM ki manuSya ko apanI sattA ko rajakaNa tathA saMsAra kI anya sattAoM ko mahApRthvI ke samAna samajhakara apane meM 'pramAda' nahIM lAnA cAhie / bhikSuoM ko cAhie ki ve sadA apramatta hokara vihAra kareM ( kyoMki pramAda hI saba aniSToM kI jar3a hai ) / ' itanA hI nahIM, saMyukta nikAya ke dUsare bhAga meM 'apramAda' kI vyApakatA evaM mahAnatA batAte hue ve kahate haiM 'bhikSuo ! jitane jaMgama prANI haiM sabhI ke paira hAthI ke paira meM cale Ate haiN| bar3A hone meM hAthI kA paira sabhI pairoM meM agra samajhA jAtA hai / bhikSuo ! vaise hI jitane kuzala dharma haiM sabhI kA AdhAra = mUla azmAda hI hai / apramAda una dharmoM meM agra samajhA jAtA hai" ( pada sutta - 43. 5. 2 ) / "bhikSuo ! kUTAgAra ke jitane dharaNa haiM sabhI kUTa kI ora jhuke hote haiM / kUTa hI unameM agra samajhA jAtA hai / bhikSuo ! vaise hI jitane kuzala dharma haiM 2 ( 43. 5. 3 ) / .......... taraha se surakSita rakhatI hai / jisa prakAra, aura kama striyA~ haiM, usa kula ko athavA jaise svataH tIkSNa bacha ko hotA, ThIka vaise hI jisa vyakti maitrI - bhAvanA - maitrI bhAvanA meM jo zakti hai, vaha vyakti ko saba jisa kula meM adhika puruSa cora DAkuo se bhaya nahIM hotA, kisI chedana - bhedana kA bhaya nahIM maMtrI - bhAvanA caitanya hai, jagI meM hai use kisI bhI sthAna para aura kisI bhI prANI se Dara nahIM hotA / ataH buddha kahate haiM 1. saMyukta nikAya, pahalA bhAga, pR0 307. 2. saMyukta nikAya, dUsarA bhAga, pR0 640-641.

Page #85
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA "bhikSuo! isalie, tumheM aisA sIkhanA cAhie-maitrIcetovimukti merI bhAvita hogii|'' kalyANamitta sutta meM kalyANamitratA ko mokSa ke zubhAgamana kA lakSaNa batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki jisa prakAra AkAza meM lAlimA dekhane se sUryodaya kI AzA ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra kalyANamitratA A jAne para aSTAMgika mArga se lAbhAnvita hone kI AzA ho jAtI hai "bhikSuo ! aSTAMgika mArga ke lAbha ke lie eka dharma bar3e upakAra kA hai| kauna eka dharma hai ? jo yaha 'kalyANa mitrtaa'|"2 isa prakAra saMyutta nikAya meM ahiMsA, hiMsA kA pariNAma, hiMsArahita yajJa, apramAda, evaM maitrI-bhAvanA ke vivecana ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI acchI taraha puSTi karate haiM / ___ suttanipAta-isake 'mettasutta' meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati mitratA ke bhAvapradarzana ko brahmavihAra kahA gayA hai, jise vaidika sAhityAnusAra brahma-jJAna yA brahma-sAkSAtkAra kahA jAye to zAyada anucita na hogaa| yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki zAntipada ko prApta karane kI icchA rakhane vAle vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha atyanta Rju bane; usake vacana priya evaM vinIta hoM, vaha sarala evaM saMtoSI ho; vaha choTA se choTA koI aisA kArya na kare, jisase use jJAnI loga doSI tthhraayeN| sabhI prANiyoM ke sUkha evaM kalyANa kI kAmanA kre| vaha sadA soce-'jaMgama yA sthAvara, dIrgha yA mahAn, madhyama yA hasva, aNu yA sthala, dRSTa yA adaSTa, dUrastha yA nikaTastha, utpanna yA utpatsyamAna jitane bhI prANI haiM, ve sabhI sukhapUrvaka raheM' / vaha kisI kI vaMcanA tathA apamAna na kre| sabhI prANiyoM ko vaha usa prakAra dekhe jaise eka mAM apane ekalaute putra ko dekhatI hai| varabAdhA se rahita ho, Upara-nIce-tirache sabhI sthAnoM ke prANiyoM kI 1. saMyutta nikAya, pahalA bhAga, pR0 306-307. 2. saMyutta nikAya, dUsarA bhAga, pR0 633-635.

Page #86
janetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 67 rakSA kA dhyAna rkhe| vaha khar3e rahakara, calakara, baiThakara, sokara, jAgakara saba taraha se sabhI prANiyoM ko eka samAna dekhe, premapUrNa dRSTi se dekhe / yahI "brahmavihAra" hai aura ise hI apanAkara vyakti kAma, tRSNA Adi se Upara uThakara janma-maraNa ke bandhana se chuTa jAtA hai, yAnI nirvANa prApta kara letA hai|' dhammapada-jetavana meM vihAra karate samaya eka dina buddha ne chaH vargIya bhikSuoM ke dvArA satraha vargIya bhikSuoM kA pITA jAnA dekhA, taba una bhikSaoM ko samajhAte hue unhoMne kahA ki bhikSao! saba ko apane hI samAna samajho, kyoMki daNDa aura mRtyu sabake lie 1. karaNIyamatthakusalena yaM taM santaM padaM amisamecca / sakko ujU ca sUjU ca suvaco cassa mudu anatimAnI // 1 // santussako ca subharo ca appakicco ca sllhukvutti| santindriyo ca nipako ca appagabbho kulesu ananugiddho // 2 // na ca khudaM samAcare kiJci yena vijU pare upavadeyayuM / / sukhino vA khemino hontu sabbe sattA bhavantu sukhitattA // 3 // ye keci pANabhUtasthi tasA vA thAvarA vA anvsesaa| dIghA vA ye mahantA vA majjhimA rassakA'NukathUlA // 4 // diTThA vA yeva addiTThA ye ca dUre vasanti aviduure| bhUtA vA saMbhavesI vA sabbe sattA bhavanti sukhitattA / / 5 / / na paro paraM nikubbetha nAtimotha katthaci naM kazci / byArosanA paTighasA nAmaJjassa dukkhamiccheyya / / 6 / / mAtA yathA niyaM puttaM prAyusA ekaputtamanurakkhe / / evaM'pi sabbabhUtesu mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimAraNaM // 7 // mattaM ca sabbalokasmiM mAnasaM bhAvaye aprimaannN| uddhaM adho ca tiriyaM ca asaMbAdhaM averaM asapattaM // 8 // tiLaM caraM nisinno vA sayAno vA yAvatassa vigtmiddho| etaM satiM adhiTTeyya brahmametaM vihAraM idhamAhu / / 6 / / diThiM ca anupagamma solavA dassanena sNpnno| kAmesu vineyya gedhaM na hi jAtu gabbhaseyyaM punaretIti // 10 // suttanipAta, uragavagga, mettasutta /

Page #87
68 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kaSTakara hote haiN|' sabako apanA jIvana priya hotA hai| usI taraha eka dina unhoMne bahuta se lar3akoM ko eka sA~pa ko mArate hue dekhA to unheM samajhAte hue kahA ki jo sukha cAhanevAle prANiyoM ko apane sukha ke lie mArate haiM, ve marane ke pazcAta bhI sukhI nahIM hote| isake viparIta jo anya prANiyoM ko apane sukha ke lie nahIM mAratA hai, vaha marakara sukha prApta karatA hai / ataH na kisI ko mAranA cAhie aura na mArane ke lie prerita karanA cAhie / jo vyakti ahiMsApUrNa saMyamita jIvana yApana karatA ha use acyuta pada kI prApti hotI hai jise prApta kara vaha kabhI bhI duHkhI nahIM hotaa| jo prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA vaha ahiMsaka hI Arya kahalA sakatA hai| hiMsA karane vAlA kabhI bhI Arya kahalAne ke yogya nahIM hotA aura jo cara-acara kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta nahIM karatA, unheM kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA yA mArane ke lie preraNA nahIM detA yAnI jo kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA se virata hai, vahI brAhmaNa hai| isa prakAra 'buddha-dharma-zAsana' meM rahatA huA 1. sabbe tasanti daNDassa sabbe bhAyanti mccuno| attAnaM upamaM katvA na haneyya na ghAtaye ||1||dhmmpd, dnnddvggo| sabbe tasanti daNDassa sabbesaM jIvitaM piyaM / / attAnaM upamaM katvA na haneyaya na ghAtaye // 2 // " " " sukhakAmAni bhUtAni yo daNDena vihiMsati / attano sukhamesAno pecca so na labhate sukhaM // 3 // sukhakAmAni bhUtAni yo daNDena na hiMsati / / prattano sukhamesAno pecca so labhate sukhaM // 4 // " " " 3. ahiMsakA ye sunayo niccaM kAyena saMyutA / te yanti accutaM ThAnaM yattha gantvA na socare // 5 // dhammapada, kodhvggo| 4. na tena pariyo hoti yena pANAni hiMsati / ahiMsA sabbapANAnaM ariyoti pavuccati // 15 // dhammapada, dhmmtttthvggo| 5. nidhAya daNDaM bhUteSu tasesu thAvaresa ca / yo na hanti na dhAteti tamahaM brami brAhmaNaM // 23 // dhammapada, braahmnnvggo|

Page #88
jainetara paramparAoM meM zrahiMsA 66 prasannacitta tathA rAga-dveSa se virata maitrIpUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA vyakti sukhamaya paramapada yAnI nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai / ' vinaya-piTaka - vinaya-piTaka meM bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / yAno eka bhikSu yA bhikSuNI ko sAdhanApUrNa jIvana yApana karane ke nimitta kauna-kauna se karma karane cAhie tathA kauna-kauna se nahIM / " jo bhikSu jAnakara manuSya ko prANa se mAre, yA (AtmahatyA ke lie ) zastra khoja lAe, yA mArane kI tArIpha kare, marane ke lie prerita kare - are puruSa ! tujhe kyA ( hai ) isa pApI durjIvana se ? ( tere lie ) jIne se maranA acchA hai; isa prakAra ke citta- vicAra se, isa prakAra ke citta-saMkalpa se aneka prakAra se marane kI jo tArIpha kare, yA marane ke lie prerita kare to vaha bhikSu pArAjika hotA hai - ( bhikSuoM ke sAtha ) sahavAsa ke ayogya hotA hai / "2 yadi koI bhikSu jamIna khode vA khudavAye, vRkSa kATe vA kaTavAye, jAna bUjhakara prANiyoM kA ghAta kare, krodhita hokara dUsare bhikSuoM ko pITe to ina sabhI doSoM yA aparAdhoM ke lie vaha pAvittiya hai / 3 aise hI vidhAna bhikSuNiyoM ke lie bhI batAe gaye haiM / 1. mettAvihArI yo bhikkhu pasanno buddha sAsane / adhigacche padaM santaM saMkhArUpasamaM sukhaM / free frkkhu ! imaM nAvaM sittA te lahumessati / chatvA rAgaJca dosaJca tato nibbANamehisi // 10 // 2. vinaya-piTaka, hi0 anu0 - rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pRSTha 6. 3. vahI, pRSTha 23. 4. vahI, pRSTha 24, 42, 56, 61 tathA 63. dhammapada, bhikkhuvaggo /

Page #89
70 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA ko rokane kI dRSTi se buddha ne bhikSuoM se kahA hai-' "bhikSuo! tAla ke patra kI pAdukA nahIM dhAraNa karanI cAhie / jo dhAraNa kare use dukkaTa kA doSa ho|" "bhikSao ! bA~sa ke paudhoM kI pAdukA nahIM dhAraNa karanI caahie| jo dhAraNa kare use dukkaTa kA doSa ho / " kyoMki patte kaTa jAne para paudhe sUkha jAte haiM, jisakI vajaha se ekendriya jIva kI hiMsA hotI hai| carmaniSedha ke sambandha meM eka kathA prastuta kI gaI hai, jisameM eka bhikSa eka upAsaka se usakI gAya ke bachar3e ko maravAtA hai aura bachar3e kA carma lekara apane Azrama ko lauTatA hai| yaha bAta buddha ko mAlUma hotI hai ki sirpha carma-lobha ke kAraNa hI bhikSu ne prANI-hiMsA kI hai, taba ve bhikSuoM ko upadeza dete haiM "bhikSuo! prANa-hiMsA kI preraNA nahIM karanI caahie| jo preraNA kare usako dharmAnusAra (daMDa) karanA caahie| bhikSuo ! gAya kA cAma nahI dhAraNa karanA caahie| jo carma dhAraNa kare use dukkaTa kA doSa ho| bhikSuo ! koI bhI carma nahIM dhAraNa karanA caahie| jo dhAraNa kare use dukkaTa doSa ho / 2 kintu ina sabhI niSedhoM ke apavAdasvarUpa buddha ne vizeSa avasthAoM, jaise kisI atyanta kaSTadAyaka roga kI avasthA Adi meM auSadha-svarUpa mAMsa yA carbI yA khuna ke prayoga ko kSamya athavA doSarahita batAyA hai| isake alAvA amanuSyavAle roga ( eka prakAra kA roga ) meM to inhoMne sApha kahA hai1. vinaya-piTaka, pRSTha 207. 2. vahI, pRSTha 210. 3. bhikSupro ! anumati detA hU~ carbI kI davAI ko (jaise ki) rIcha kI carbI, machalI kI carbI, soMsa kI carbI, sumara kI carbI, gadahe kI carbI, kAla (pUrvAla) meM lekara kAla se pakA kAla se, tela ke sAtha milAkara

Page #90
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA "bhikSuo ! anumati detA hU~ amanuSyavAle roga meM kacce mAMsa aura kacce khUna kii|" jahA~ taka mAMsa-machalI ke bhakSaNa kA prazna hai isa sambandha meM buddha kA kathana hai "bhikSuo ! jAna-bUjhakara ( apane ) uddezya se bane mAMsa ko nahIM khAnA caahie| jo khAe use dukkaTa kA doSa ho| bhikSuo ! anumati detA hU~ ( apane lie mAre ko ) dekhe, sune, saMdeha-yukta-ina tInoM bAtoM se zuddha machalI aura mAMsa ( ke khAne ) kii| arthAt bhikSu yadi dekhatA hai yA sunatA hai athavA use AzaMkA hotI hai ki mAMsa yA machalI jo usako bheMTa kI gaI hai, vaha usI ke nimitta mArI aura taiyAra kI gaI hai to aisI hAlata meM vaha usa mAMsa yA machalI ko nahIM khA sktaa| yadi khAyegA to doSa kA bhAgI hogaa| lekina, yadi vaha bhikSATana ke lie jAtA hai aura bhikSAsvarUpa, gRhastha use apane lie taiyAra mAMsa yA machalI meM se kucha de detA hai to vaisI hAlata meM bhikSa kA mAMsa yA machalI kA lenA aura khAnA doSapUrNa nahIM samajhA jaayegaa| kAraNa, yadi vaha inakAra karegA diye hue mAMsa ko lene se to gahastha ko usake lie anyavastu kI vyavasthA karanI par3egI, jisakI vajaha se vaha parezAna hogaa| isa taraha gRhasthoM ke lie bhikSuoM ko bhikSA sevana karane kI / bhikSutro ! yadi vikAla se grahaNa kI gaI hoM, vikAla se pakAI aura vikAla se khilAI gaI hoM (aura) bhikSupro ! unakA sevana kare to tInoM dukkaToM kA doSa ho| yadi bhikssuo| kAla se lekara vikAla se pakA, vikAla se milA unakA sevana kare to do dukkaToM kA doSa ho / yadi bhikSo! kAla se lekara kAla se pakA, vikAla se unakA sevana kare (to) eka dukkaTa kA doSa ho / yadi bhikSutro! kAla se le kAla se pakA kAla se milA unakA sevana kare to doSa nhiiN| vinaya-piTaka, pR0 216. 1. vahI, pR0 218, vAta Adi roga ke lie| 2. vahI, pR0 245.

Page #91
72 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA denA eka samasyA bana jAegI aura vaha kaSTakara hogii| ataH bhikSa ko gRhastha ke dvArA dI gaI koI bhI vastu, yahA~ taka ki mAMsa-machalI bhI grahaNa karane meM doSa nahIM hai, yadi vaha vastu bhikSa ke nimitta na banI ho / visuddhimagga-AcArya buddhaghoSa ne 'visuddhimagga' nAmaka pustaka meM buddha ke pravacanoM ke AdhAra para yaha darzAne kI koziza kI hai ki bauddhamata meM nirvANa prApta karane kA kauna-sA mArga hai aura usa para kisa prakAra agrasara haA jA sakatA hai ? usa mArga ko hI unhoMne 'vizuddhimArga' kahA hai| 'vizuddhimArga' ko paribhASita karate hue ve kahate haiM "vizuddhi, saba maloM se rahita atyanta parizuddha nirvANa ko jAnanA caahie| usa vizuddhi kA mArga-vizuddhimArga hai| nirvANa kI prApti kA upAya mArga kahA jAtA hai|" vizuddhimArga kahIM vipazyanA, kahIM dhyAna aura prajJA, kahIM karma, kahIM zIla 2 aura kahIM smRti-prasthAna Adi ke anusAra batAyA gayA hai / 'jIva hiMsA Adi ( karane ) se virata rahane vAle, yA ( upAdhyAya Adi kI ) sevA-Tahala karanevAle kI cetanA Adi dharma ( mAnasika avasthAe~ ) zIla haiN| 'pratisambhidA' ke anusAra zIla ke cAra stara hote haiM-cetanA, caitasika, saMvara evaM anullaMghana / inameM se do kA sambandha jIvahiMsA kI virati se hai, jaisA ki kahA hai-3 "jIva-hiMsA Adi se virata rahane vAle, yA vrata-pratipatti ( vratAcAra) pUrNa karanevAle kI cetanA hI cetanA-zIla hai|" ___"jIva-hiMsA Adi se virata rahane vAle kI virati (alaga hone kA vicAra ) caitasikazIla hai|" 1. vizuddhimArga-prAcArya buddhaghoSa, hi0 anu0-bhikSu dharmarakSita, pahalA bhAga, pR0 3. 2. sabbadA sIlasampanno, paJavA susmaahito| pAraddhaviriyo pahitatto proghaM tarati duttaraM / saMyutta nikAya, 2. 2. 5. 3. vizuddhimArga, pahalA bhAga, pR0 8.

Page #92
jainetara paramparAoM meM zrahiMsA 73 Age calakara brahmavihAroM kA vivecana karate hue maitrI, karuNA, muditA evaM upekSA kI bhAvanAoM ko prastuta kiyA hai / maitrIbhAvanA 'kSamA' para AdhArita hotI hai / ataH 'kSamA' ko bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / yaha sabase bar3A bala hai tathA ise dhAraNa karane vAlA brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai / " aura jo dveSa se dUSita hotA hai vaha hiMsA karatA hai | ataH ina guNa-avaguNoM ko dekhate hue maitrIbhAvanA ko apanAnA cAhie / kintu yadi koI vyakti maMtrI bhAvanA kA prArambha apane vairI ke sAtha karatA hai to vaha asaphala rahegA, kyoMki vairI ko yAda karate hI usake prati jagI huI vaira-bhAvanA CTET svarUpa Age A jAyegI / ataH use apanI mitratA kA prArambha apane priyajanoM se karake, madhyasthajanoM se hote hue anta meM vairI taka pahu~canA cAhie, jaise"bhikSu ko" - "atyanta priya sahAyaka ke Upara, atyanta priya sahAyaka ke bAda madhyastha para, madhyastha se vairI vyakti para maMtrI bhAvanA karanI cAhie" .........|" 2 karuNA ke viSaya meM bhI yahI krama batAyA gayA hai, kintu 'aMguttaraTThakathA' meM karuNA bhAvanA bar3hAne kA jo krama diyA gayA hai, vaha isake viparIta-sA lagatA hai / isa prakAra maitrI, karuNA, muditA evaM upekSA kA sahI-sahI pAlana karanevAlA hI vizuddhimArgI hotA hai / bodhicaryAvatAra-AcArya zAntidevaviracita 'bodhicaryAvatAra' meM kahA gayA hai ki bodhisattva ko sabhI prANiyoM kA hita cAhane vAlA honA cAhie, kyoMki eka prANI kA ghAta karake bhI manuSya hIna bana jAtA hai aura jo aneka jIvoM kA ahita karatA hai athavA 1. khantibalaM balAnIkaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / dhammapada, 26. 17. 2. vizuddhi mArga, pahalA bhAga, pR0 265. 3. cittotpAdasamudrAMzca sarvaMsatvasukhAvahAn / sarvasattvahitAdhAnAnanumode ca zAsinAm // 3 // tR0 pariccheda, bodhicittaparigraha |

Page #93
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA unheM kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai usake viSaya meM to kahanA hI kyA ?' use hamezA ha~samukha rahanA cAhie, kisI para bhauMhe TeDhI nahIM karanI cAhie yAnI kisI para krodha nahIM karanA cAhie, dUsaroM kI kuzalatA kA khyAla rakhanA cAhie tathA saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM se mitravat vyavahAra karanA caahie| isake 'kSAntipAramitA' meM dveSa aura kSamA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki dveSa sabase bar3A pApa hai tathA kSamA sabase bar3A tp| jisakA dila dveSa se dUSita hai, use kabhI bhI na zAnti milatI hai aura na sukha / use nIMda taka nahIM AtI aura dhairya to usase bilkula hI dUra ho jAtA hai| dveSa se sirpha dUsaroM ko hI kaSTa nahIM pahu~catA, balki svayaM usake pAlane vAle ko bhI usase aneka duHkha prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra 'bodhicaryAvatAra' meM kSamA aura mitratA ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko prazraya milatA hai| bauddha-paramparA meM ahiMsA ko maitrI-bhAvanA ke pAlana meM eka sabala sAdhanasvarUpa pramukhatA milI hai| yajJasaMbaMdhI hiMsA ko isane sahI yA dharmAnukUla nahIM mAnA hai / yadyapi isane mAnava se ekendriya jIva paryanta hiMsA-ahiMsA kA vicAra kiyA hai, paristhiti ke 1. ekasyApi hi sattvasya hitaM hatvA hato bhavet / azeSAkAzaparyantavAsinAM kima dehinAm // 10 // caturtha pariccheda, bodhicittApramAda / 2. evaM vazIkRtasvAtmA nityaM smitamakho bhavet / tyajed bhRkuTisaMkocaM pUrvAbhASo jagatsuhRt // 71 // paMcama pariccheda, sNprjny-lkssnn| 3. na ca dveSasamaM pApaM na ca zAntisamaM tapaH / / tasmAtkSAnti prayatnena bhAvayedvividhairnayaiH // 2 // manaH zamaM na gRhNAti na prItisukhamaznate / na nitAM na dhRti yAti dveSazalye hRdi sthite / / 3 / / pUjayatyarthamAnaryAn ye'pi cainaM samAzritAH / te'pyenaM hantumicchanti svAminaM dveSadurbhagam // 4 / / SaSTha pariccheda, kssaanti-paarmitaa|

Page #94
jainetara paramparAoM meM zrahiMsA 75 anusAra kahIM-kahIM hiMsA ko kSamya bhI mAna liyA hai, jaise davA svarUpa carbI aura khUna kA prayoga / isake alAvA bhikSuoM ke dvArA gRhasthoM se bhikSAsvarUpa mAMsa kA bhI le lenA ahiMsA - siddhAnta kI dRr3hatA meM kucha kamI - sI lA detA hai, yadyapi gRhasthoM kI suvidhA kA dhyAna rakhate hue yaha vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / sikkha - paramparA : sikkha paramparA kA prArambha sikkha dharma ke sAtha hotA hai, jo saMsAra kA eka nayA dharma hai / yadyapi isane apane se prAcIna dharmoM kI vibhinna vizeSatAe~ grahaNa kI haiM, isane mAnava kalyANa ko mahattva dete hue apane ko saMkIrNa bhAvanAoM evaM andhavizvAsoM se kAphI dUra rakhA hai / isameM dasa dharma - patha-pradarzaka ho gae haiM jinheM guru vizeSaNa se sammAnita evaM sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai / sikkha dharma kA sabase prasiddha dharmagrantha 'zrI gurugrantha sAhaba' hai, jisameM guru nAnaka, guru aGgada, guru amaradAsa, guru rAmadAsa, guru arjunadeva evaM teja bahAdura ke upadezoM ke sAtha-sAtha rAmAnanda, kabIra, ravidAsa, nAmadeva, zekha pharIda, jayadeva, sUradAsa, pIpA, dhannA, saiNa, trilocana, paramAnanda, veNI, bhIkhana Adi ke bhaktikAvya saMkalita haiM / guru govinda siMha kI hindI, paMjAbI tathA phArasI bhASAoM meM prastuta kI gaI racanAe~ jisa grantha meM saMgRhIta haiM use dasamagrantha kahate haiM / usameM jApa, akAla-stuti, vacitranATaka, jJAna prabodha, japharanAmA Adi prasiddha racanAe~ haiM / bhAI nandalAla, bhAI dezA siMha, bhAI prahlAda siMha Adi ke rahitanAme evaM premasumArga, sarvalohagraMtha, janmasAkhI, panthaprakAza, guru-vikAsa Adi bhI sikkha sAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / sikkha dharma meM mukti ke cAra mArga dikhAeM gae haiM - ( 1 ) karma mArga ( 2 ) yoga mArga ( 3 ) jJAna mArga evaM (4) bhakti mArga / karma ko vizleSita karate hue ise do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - bandhanaprada karma aura mokSaprada karma / bandhanaprada karma meM karmakANDayukta karma, ahaMkAra karma aura meMgraNI karma Ate haiM / mokSa

Page #95
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prada karma meM-harikIrtana karma, adhyAtma karma aura hukumarajAI karma samajhe jAte haiN| yadyapi karmoM ko guruoM ne pradhAnatA dI hai, vaidika karmakANDa kA virodha kiyA hai, jisameM yoga yA yajJa ke nAma para hiMsAe~ kI jAtI haiN| isa sambandha meM yoga aura yogI kI vyAkhyA karate hue nAnaka ne kahA hai "joga na hiMsA joga na DaDe, joga na bhasama car3hAie / joga na muDI muDa muDAie, joga na jimI baaie| aMjana mAhi niraMjana rahie, joga jugati tau paaie|"' ___ arthAta na hiMsA karane, na bhasma lagAne, na sira mur3A lene ko hI yoga kahA jA sakatA yA isa taraha ke karma karane vAloM ko hI yogI samajhA jA sakatA hai| yogI to use kahate haiM jo nimnalikhita vicAra kA hotA hai "gallI joga na hoii| eka daSTi kara samasaru jAge jogI kahIye soii|"2 ____ arthAt jisakI dRSTi eka hai, jo saba ko samAna rUpa se dekhatA hai, aisA samatA-bhAva rakhanevAlA hI vAstavika yogI hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM balki ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko pramukhatA dete hae use apane prathama dharmopadeza meM hI guruoM ne sthAna diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. 'prAja' (dainika patrikA), gurunAnaka vizeSAMka, 23 navambara 1966, pR0 14. 2. vhii|

Page #96
77 jainetara paramparAtroM meM ahiMsA "nAnaka nAma car3hadI kalA / tere bhANe savata kA bhalA / ' 'savata kA bhalA' kA artha hotA hai sabakI bhalAI, jo ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko apanAe binA ho hI nahIM sktii| ahiMsA aura sabakI bhalAI ye dono to vaise hI haiM jaise eka sikke ke donoM rukha / jaba taka dUsaroM ke hita kI bAta dhyAna meM nahIM AegI taba taka ahiMsA kI ora pravRtti na hogI aura jaba taka ahiMsA kA bhAva mana meM nahIM AegA taba taka dUsaroM kA upakAra nahIM ho sakatA / ye donoM siddhAnta eka-dUsare para nirbhara karate haiN| __ Apasa ke prema bhAva ko jo ahiMsA kI puSTi karatA hai, prakAzita karate hue kahA gayA hai "Avahu bhaNe gali milahi, merI aGka sahelar3i Ahi / mila ke karahi kahANiyA~, samarathya kanta kIAhi" // (zrI rAga )2 prema ke siddhAnta kI mahattA ko U~cA uThAte hue guru govinda siMha kahate haiM "sAca kahahu~ suni lehu sabahi, jina prema kiyo tinahI prabhu paayo|" (akAla stuti ) arthAt merA udghoSa saba koI suna le ki binA prema kie hue koI vyakti prabhu yA paramAtmA ko nahIM prApta kara sktaa| aura arjunadeva ne to vizva ko hI apanA samajha rakhA hai "nA ko vairI na hI begAnA, . sagala saGgi hama ko bana aaii|"4 1. sikkha dharma kI rUparekhA, pR0 1. 2. vahI, pR0 2. 3. vahI, pR0 3. 4. vahI, pR0 2.

Page #97
78 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ve kahate haiM na koI merA zatru hai aura na koI mitra hii| mere lie sabhI samAna haiM, merI to sabase banatI hai| sikkha paramparA meM pAMca dharmagata cinhoM ko mahattvapUrNa samajhA gayA hai-kar3A, kachaharA, kRpANa, keza evaM kalA / kRpANa sAmAnyataH hiMsAsUcaka mAnA gayA hai| ata: koI aisA samajha sakatA hai ki sikkha dharma meM hiMsA kI pravRtti balavatI hai| kintu jahAM taka kRpANa kI bAta hai, vaha ahiMsA ke poSaNa ke nimitta rakhA jAtA hai| usase kAma vahA~ liyA jAtA hai jahA~ anyAya nyAya ko dabAtA hai| sikkha dharma anyAya ko cupa-cApa saha lene kI rAya nahIM detaa| yaha IsAI mata kI taraha pratipAdana nahIM karatA ki koI eka gAla para eka tamAcA mAra detA hai to dUsarA gAla bhI usake sAmane kara do| yaha usa coTa ko sahane ko kabhI bhI taiyAra nahIM hotA jo kisI anucita kAraNa se paha~cAI gaI ho| isake anusAra daivI pravRtti yA zubha pravRtti ko phailAne ke lie rAkSasI yA azubha pravRtti ko miTAnA Avazyaka hai, cAhe vaha hiMsAtmaka tarIke se hI kyoM na haTAI jaae| kRpANa hI se sahI, lekina dRSTajana ko dabAnA yA dUra karanA to Avazyaka hai tAki sajjana sacAI ke mArga para cala sakeM aura dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM kA vikAsa ho / isIlie guruoM ne kahA hai ki binA zastra ke kabhI bhI nahIM rahanA cAhie, tathA himmata ke sAtha anyAya kA sAmanA karanA caahie| jahA~ taka khAna-pAna kI bAta hai, isa paramparA meM vizeSa bhojana ko do nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai-kar3Aha prasAda tathA mahA prasAda / mahA prasAda meM mAMsa Adi Ate haiN| isake sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki zikAra se prApta mAMsa grahaNa karanA cAhie aura yadi zikAra se mAMsa na mila sake to jhaTake se mAre gae pazu kA mAMsa khAnA bhI doSarahita hai| isa sambandha meM guru govinda siMha ke vacana kA havAlA diyA jAtA hai| mAMsabhakSI sikkha kahate haiM ki guru sAhaba ne apane hAtha se kATe gae pazu ke mAMsa ko grahaNa karane 1. kaccha, kRpAraNa na kabahU~ tyaage| sammukha larai na raNa te bhAgai // rahitanAmA-bhAI nandalAla /

Page #98
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA 76 ko kahA hai / lekina guru sAhaba ke kahane kA vAstavika artha kyA thA use gauNa karake rasalolupatAvaza sikkhoM (gRhastha ) ne unake vacanoM kA apane anusAra artha lagAyA yA samajhA hai| yadi unhoMne kahA bhI to usake pIche koI aura rAja thaa| ve asala meM yaha cAhate the ki yadi kisI kI prakRti itanI balavatI ho jAtI hai ki vaha mAMsa khAe binA apane ko roka nahIM sakatA hai to aisI hAlata meM vaha svayaM kisI pazu kA vadha karake usakA mAMsa bhakSaNa kare, tAki pazu kI hatyA karate samaya usake mana meM dayA bhAva jaga ske| isa sambandha meM sadana kasAI kI kathA prasiddha hai| sadana ko rAjA se AjJA milI mAMsa prastuta karane kii| lekina jaba vaha mAMsa prApta karane ke lie bakare ko mArane calA taba rAta hone vAlI thii| ataeva usane socA ki bakare ko jAna se mAra dene para usakA pUrA mAMsa kharca na ho sakegA aura vaha kharAba ho jAegA, isalie acchA hai ki usakA eka aMga hI kATA jaae| isa vicAra se vaha bakare ke nikaTa gyaa| kintu sadana ko dekhate hI bakarA haMsa pdd'aa| bakare ko ha~sate hue dekhakara sadana bahuta hI Azcaryita huA kyoMki usa dina taka usane kabhI bakare ko ha~sate hue nahIM dekhA thA, yadyapi usane bakare Adi aneka pazuoM kA vadha kiyA thaa| phira usane bakare se haMsane kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba bakare ne uttara svarUpa kahA ki merA-terA adalA-badalA pUrva janmoM se hotA A rahA hai| kabhI tuma bakarA banate ho to maiM kasAI aura kabhI maiM bakarA to tuma kasAI / hama donoM bahuta dinoM se eka-dUsare kI hatyA karate A rahe haiM lekina isa bAra jo tuma soca rahe ho yaha tumhArA eka nayA upakrama hogaa| yaha sunakara sadana ko jJAna ho gayA ki saMsAra meM jo jaisA karatA hai vaha vaisA hI pAtA hai aura aisA socakara usane apane vicAra ko badala diyaa| Age calakara vaha eka prasiddha bhakta bana gayA aura AjIvana ahiMsA ke patha para calatA rhaa| ho sakatA hai ki yaha kathA managaDhaMta hI ho, lekina sAmAnyataH bhI aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki mAMsa-machalI khAnA to bahuta se loga pasanda karate haiM parantu jIva-jantuoM kI hatyA apane hAtha se karanA nahIM cAhate haiN| kAraNa, kisI jIva ko mArate samaya unake dila meM dayA A jAtI hai /

Page #99
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isake bAvajUda bhI gurugrantha sAhaba meM kahA gayA hai "je rata lagge kapar3e jAmA hoe palIta / je rata pIveM mAMsA tina kyoM nirmala cIta // " arthAt rakta yA khUna laga jAne se vastra gandA ho jAtA hai, usa meM dAga laga jAtI hai, phira kaise mAnA jAe ki raktayukta mAMsa khAne se yA mAMsa ke sAtha lage hue khUna ko pIne se kisI vyakti kA mana mailA nahIM hotA? yAnI mAMsa khAne se citta avazya hI dUSita hotA hai| isalie mAMsAdi grahaNa karanA doSapUrNa hai| isa prakAra sikkha paramparA meM vizuddha sAttvika bhojana karane kA vidhAna hai, jisase ahiMsA ke niyama kA pAlana hotA hai| isa sambandha meM kabIradAsa jI kA kahanA hai ki loga itanA jurma kyoM karate haiM ki dUsare jIvoM kI jAna taka le lete haiN| ve khicar3I kyoM nahIM khAte jisameM DAlA gayA namaka amRta ke samAna hotA hai| khudA. jaba unake karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA karegA taba ve kyA javAba deMge?' matalaba yaha ki jitanI bhI ve hatyAeM karate haiM una sabakA sahI hisAba Izvara ke AdhyAtmika kAryAlaya meM likhA hotA hai aura hiMsaka ko usakI sajA bhugatanI par3atI hai| 1. kabIra jo kiyA so juluma hai, kahatA na vo hlaal| daphtara lekhA mAMgie, taba hoego kona havAla / khUba khAnA khocar3I jAmeM amRta loNa, herA roTI kAraNe galA kaTAve kauna / gurugrantha sAhaba, pR0 1374. kabIra jo kiyA so juluma hai, le javAba khudaae| daphtara lekhA nikasai, mAra mue muha khaae| gurugrantha sAhaba, pR0 1375.

Page #100
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA pArasI paramparA : pArasI paramparA ke janmadAtA maharSi jarathustra ho gae haiM, jinheM grIka logoM ne joroSTara ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai / unakA janma IsA pUrva dasavIM zatI meM IrAna ke rAjA kai - pizataspa ke zAsana kAla meM huA thA, kintu Adhunika itihAsajJoM ke mata meM unakA AvirbhAva IsA pUrva dasavIM zatI se I0 pU0 chaThI zatI ke bIca meM huA thA / unake janma ke viSaya meM bhI vidvAnoM ke bIca mataikya nahIM hai, lekina unake karma-sthAnoM meM baikTriyA, pUrNa meDiyA, IrAna aura parasiyA ke nAma Ate haiM / cU~ki mahAtmA jarathustra ke dvArA calAI gaI dhArmika paramparA kA sabase jyAdA prasAra parasiyA meM huA thA, ata: use pArasI paramparA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isakA sabase prasiddha dharmagrantha 'avestA' hai, jisake sambandha meM aisI dhArmika dhAraNA hai ki isa dharma ke sarvocca evaM sarvazaktimAna ArAdhya ahurAmaz2adA ne svayaM apane hAthoM se use jarathustra ko diyA thA / avestA ke anusAra AdamI ke pradhAnataH tIna karttavya hote 81 1. apane zatru ko mitra banA lenA / 2. dAnava ko mAnava banAnA yA dAnavI pravRtti rakhane vAloM ke bhItara mAnavI pravRtti bhara denA / 3. ajJAnI ko jJAnI banAnA / zatru ko mitra banAnA niHsandeha ahiMsA ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai / zatru ke sAtha yadi hiMsAjanaka vyavahAra hogA to kabhI bhI vaha mitra nahIM bana sakatA / lekina zatru ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na dete hue usake prati pyAra vyakta karanA, sadbhAva prakaTa karanA ahiMsA kI paridhi ke hI andara AtA hai / pyAra evaM sadbhAva vyakta karane ke vajAya yadi koI apane zatru ke prati vaira-bhAva vyakta karatA hai aura ahitakara vyavahAra karatA hai to use hiMsaka kahanA hI par3egA / jarathustra ne svayaM kahA hai ki jo vyakti kisI ke 1. Glimpses of World Religions, p. 130.

Page #101
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vikAsa meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai yA kisI jIva kA ghAta karake prasanna hotA hai use ahurAmajadA nikRSTa koTi meM rakhate haiN|' yahA~ taka ki kisI se badalA lene kI bhAvanA bhI unakI najara meM galata hai, kyoMki dUsare se badalA lene meM bhI to aneka prakAra ke ahita hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| itanA hI nahIM balki pratIkAtmaka rUpa se jo aharAmaz2adA ke darabAra ko suzobhita karate haiM unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-vohumAnu ( sadpravRtti ), azavahista ( zuddhatA aura pavitratA ), kSatravara (zakti aura adhikAra), spendarmada (prema ), hauravatala ( svAsthya ), amerelala (amaratA) tathA phAyara (agni ) 13 isase sApha jAhira hotA hai ki isa paramparA meM prema kA sthAna bahuta hI U~cA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki eka pArasI Izvara ke sAtha-sAtha AdamI ko bhI pyAra kare / AdamI Apasa meM eka dUsare ko pyAra kreN| dAna kI mahattA ko prakAzita karate hue yaha paramparA kahatI hai ki dAna se sabhI prakAra ke pApoM kA prAyazcitta ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dAna se sabhI pApa miTAye jA sakate haiN| sArAMzata: pArasI paramparA ke AcAra meM ye saba Ate haiM-sadkarma karanA, mana, vacana aura karma se zuddha honA, dUsaroM kA bhalA socanA, satya bolanA, dAna denA, dayAvAna evaM vinamra honA, jJAna prApta karanA, krodha ko vaza meM karanA, pavitra bananA, mAtA-pitA, zikSaka, vRddha evaM vayaska logoM ke prati Adara kA bhAva rakhanA, AnandadAyaka madhura vacana bolanA, dhairya rakhanA, sabake prati maitrI bhAva rakhanA, saMtoSa karanA, ayogya karma karane para lajjita honA / ' ina bAtoM se niHsandeha ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka rUpa kI puSTi hotI hai| 1. gAyA, hA0 34. 3. 2. pahelavI TeksTsa / 3. Glimpses of World Religions, p. 134. 4. Ibid., p. 139. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid., pp. 139-140.

Page #102
83 jainetara paramparAtroM meM ahiMsA ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka rUpa ke saMbaMdha meM, jo jIva kI jAna na lene evaM mAMsa Adi grahaNa na karane se saMbaMdhita hotA hai, yahAM para zrI je. bana kA vicAra dhyAtavya hai| ve kahate haiM-nizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pArasI-paramparA meM mAMsAhAra kA virodha kiyA ho gayA hai| phira bhI itanI bAta avazya hai ki mahAtmA jarathustra mAMsAhAra karanA yA pazuoM ko mAranA nahIM pasanda karate the| kAraNa, mAMsAhAra ke saMbaMdha meM pUchane para unhoMne sApha asahamati vyakta kI aura apane zAstra kA bhI havAlA dene ko taiyAra hue, para samayAbhAva meM maiM use nahIM dekha skaa| khaira ! itanI bAta to hai hI ki pArasI zAstra meM una pazuoM ke prati sadbhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai aura unake prati sadvyavahAra baratane ko kahA gayA hai jo manuSya ke lie hitakara haiM / kintu jo manuSya ke lie ghAtaka haiM, jinase manuSya ko Dara hotA hai ki kahIM ve usakI jAna-mAla ko hAni na paha~cA deM, unheM vaha mAra sakatA hai| ataH saiddhAntika rUpa se yaha mAnA gayA hai ki hitakara pazuoM ko acchI taraha pAlanA, unake prati sneha rakhanA sukarma hai aura unheM mAranA, kaSTa denA Adi duSkarma hai| ThIka isake viparIta hiMsaka yA ghAtaka pazuoM ko mAranA sukarma hai tathA unheM prazraya denA duSkarma hai|' avestA ke terahaveM adhyAya meM to kutte kI upayogitA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae usake prati sadavyavahAra karane ko kahA gayA hai, jisakI kucha vidvAnoM ne AlocanA bhI kI hai ki eka dharmapraNetA kA eka kutte ke saMbaMdha meM itanA likhanA ThIka nahIM lgtaa| jaina dharma meM sabhI jIvoM ke prati ahiMsA kA bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai aura use dekhate hae pArasI dharma meM vyakta kiyA gayA ahiMsA kA bhAva saMkucita pratIta hotA hai| yaha kevala jIvoM kI upayogitA para vicAra karatA hai, unakI jAna para yA unake daihika 1. Din-I-Dus or Religion of Spiritual Atoms, Zoroastrian Unveiled-Jehangirji Bana, p. 615. 2. Avesta --Arthur Henry Bleeck, Fargard XIII, Introduction.

Page #103
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kaSTa para nhiiN| mahAtmA jarathustra ne sabake prati prema evaM mitratA kA bhAva rakhane ko kahA hai| ho sakatA hai unakA matalaba kevala mAnava jAti se hI ho, sampUrNa jIva-jantuoM se nhiiN| yA ho sakatA hai unake anuyAyiyoM ne bAda meM calakara unake pravacanoM ko apane lAbha-hAni ko dekhate hue vizleSita kiyA ho / kAraNa, eka mahAtmA mAtra mAnava-hita kI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara anya jIvoM kI avahelanA kare, yaha mahAtmocita AcaraNa ke andara nahIM aataa| yahUdI paramparA : __ jAtigata utpatti ke dRSTikoNa se yahUdI loga semItsa (Semites) the| ve bahata dinoM taka kramazaH saula (Saul), DeviDa (David ) tathA solomana (Solomon) kI chatrachAyA meM svataMtra rUpa se Anandamaya jIvana vyatIta karate rhe| solomana ke zAsanakAla meM unakA prasiddha zahara jerUsalama (Jerusalem ) apane utthAna kI coTI ko chU rahA thaa| usI samaya yahaveha (Yahveh) ke prati agAdha zraddhA ke rUpa meM eka mandira kI sthApanA huI jisake phalasvarUpa tatkAlIna dhArmika pravAha bahudevatAvAda se mur3akara eka sarjanAtmaka dharma-cetanA kI ora claa| yahadI paramparA ke prArambha meM caTTAnoM, pazuoM ( bher3a Adi ), guphAoM aura parvatoM kI devIdevatAoM, soM Adi kI pUjA hotI thii| lekina dhIre-dhIre yahaveha ko Izvara ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA jisase yahUdI dharma meM dRr3hatA aura ekatA kI bhAvanA kA Agamana haa| kintu zIghra hI usapara mizravAloM ne AkramaNa kara diyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa yahadI loga gulAma bana gae aura unake jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM vyatikrama A gyaa| bAda meM mojeja (Mozes) nAmaka eka yahUdI ne hI unheM phira se svataMtra kiyA aura unake sAmAjika, naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana ko prakAzita kiyaa| usa samaya se mojeja hI unakA dharmaguru banA aura usane hI unake dhArmika niyamoM kA pratiSThApana kiyaa|

Page #104
85 jainetara paramparAgoM meM ahiMsA yahUdI dharma-sAhitya ke prAcIna dharmagrantha (Old Testament) ke pAMca vibhAga, jinheM penTAcyaca ( Pentateuch ) kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, pradhAna haiN| unameM na mAtra sAmAjika niyama hI haiM, balki itihAsa, kAvya evaM darzana ke bhI vibhinna rUpa milate haiN| sarva prathama mojeja ke dvArA racita niyama kI pustaka kA pATha eka prasiddha paMDita ejrA / Ezra) ne IsA pUrva 444 meM kiyA thaa| mojeja ke dvArA pratipAdita dhArmika niyamoM kI khyAti Aja bhI dasa dharmAdeza ( Ten Commandments ) ke rUpa meM dekhI jAtI hai| inameM se chaThA Adeza hai-kisI ko mata maaro| itanA hI nahIM balki Age sAtaveM se dasaveM taka kramazaH kahA gayA hai-vyabhicAra mata karo, corI mata karo, par3osI ke khilApha galata dhAraNA mata banAo evaM par3osI kI strI, naukara, naukarAnI, baila, gadhe Adi ko lolupatA kI daSTi se kabhI bhI na dekho|' ina niyamoM ko dekhate hae aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahUdI paramparA meM ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka evaM vidheyAtmaka donoM hI rUpoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| khAsataura se bandhatva ke bhAva ko yahadI dharma meM vibhinna prakAreNa vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai-bandhatva kA prema jAti evaM dharma kI sImAoM se Upara hai, isalie apane par3osI ko pyAra karo, usake prati mana meM ghaNA kA bhAva mata rakho, na pratikAra kA vicAra mana meM lAo aura na usase IrSA hI kro| jaba bhAIcAre kA bhAva mana meM sthApita ho jAtA hai to sahaja hI ghaNA kA bhAva dUra ho jAtA hai| sabhI loga eka hI pitA ke putra haiM aisA samajhakara sabase pyAra kro| par3osI se pyAra karanA hI sabase bar3A nyAya hai aura par3osiyoM yA sAthiyoM se ghRNA karanA Izvara se ghRNA karanA hai| ataeva, yadi tumhArA bhAI -par3osI nirdhana hai, patana kI avasthA meM hai to use garIbI se mukta karo, yadi vaha koI Agantuka yA pravAsI hI hai to kyA; vaha tumhAre sAtha raha sakatA hai| tuma apane par3osiyoM ke sAtha vaisA hI vyavahAra karo jaisA ki tuma svayaM apane prati cAhate ho / unake sAtha vAcika rUpa se bhI galata 1. G. W. R., p. 147.

Page #105
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vyavahAra na kro| apane saMgI-sAthiyoM kI kisI bhI prakAra kI sevA karanA sukarma yA sukRti hai|' ___ isa prakAra yahUdI dharma ne mAnavatA ke prati sammAna, ImAnadArI, brahmacarya, satya, bhakti Adi ko Izvara ke prati prema yA vizvAsa ke paricAyakoM meM sthAna diyA hai| kyoMki ye saba sadAcAra haiN| isake viparIta krodha, vilAsa, garIba, kamajora, vidhavA strI evaM anAtha baccoM ko satAnA, vyApAra meM beImAnI, lAbha ke lie nIca AcaraNa ko apanAnA, karjadAroM ke prati ruSTatA pradarzita karanA Adi durAcAra haiN| yahA~ taka ki dayA aura prema ko isameM Izvara kA hI rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra yahUdI paramparA kA ahiMsA-siddhAnta apane vidheyAtmaka rUpa meM prema aura dayA ko pradhAnatA detA hai| kAraNa, yahUdI loga mizra ke dvArA parAjita hone ke bAda se svataMtratA ke pahale taka garIbI kA jIvana vyatIta karate rahe aura Apasa ke saMgaThana ke AdhAra para hI mojeja ne unheM svataMtratA pradAna kii| isI vajaha se dayA aura prema ( saMgaThana ) ko kAyama rakhanA unake lie anivArya bhI thaa| IsAI-paramparA : IsAI-paramparA ke janmadAtA mahAtmA IsA masIha the, jinake nAma se IsvI san pracalita hai| unakA AvirbhAva Aja se prAyaH 1971 varSa pUrva gaililI ke nAjaretha zahara meM haA thaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma merI aura pratipAlaka pitA kA nAma josepha thaa| jIvana ke prArambha meM mahAtmA masIha ne, jinakA gharelU nAma jesasa thA, apane vaMzagata vyavasAya bar3haIgirI kI ora hAtha bar3hAyA, kintu bAda meM pailesTAina ke eka prasiddha saMskAra pratipAdaka jaoNna ke vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara dhArmika evaM dArzanika kSetra meM praveza kiyaa| unakI mAtRbhASA hebrayu mizrita siriyana thI, jisameM maukhika rUpa 1. G. W. R., p. 157. 2. Ibid., p. 158.

Page #106
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 87 se hI unhoMne apanA upadeza diyA / phira bhI unake upadezoM kI jAnakArI ke ye pA~ca srota haiM 1. gaoNsapelsa tathA nayI TesTAmeMTa ( Gospels and the writings of New Testament) 2. epokrAiphA ( Apocrypha ) 3. philo kI kRtiyA~ ( Works of Philo ) 4. enaoNka kA grantha ( Book of Enoch ) 5. Deniyala kA grantha ( Book of Daniel ) IsA se pUrva pracalita dharmAdezoM meM ye saba upadeza prasiddha the - vyabhicAra mata karo, hiMsA mata karo, corI mata karo, galata sAkSI mata bano evaM mAtA-pitA ke prati zraddhA kA bhAva rkho| ina naitika niyamoM ko IsA ne svIkAra kiyA, isameM koI sandeha nahIM, lekina ina sabhI kA vizleSaNa unhoMne apane DhaMga se kiyA / unhoMne sarva sAdhAraNa ko sUcita karate hue kahA ki yadyapi pahale se aisA kahA gayA hai ki kisI kI hatyA na karo anyathA jo kisI kI hatyA karegA vaha nirNayAtmaka doSa kA bhAgI hogA / lekina maiM kahatA hU~ ki jo binA kisI kAraNa hI apane bhAI se nArAja ho jAtA hai vaha nirgayAtmaka doSa kA bhAgI bana jAtA hai / ataeva yadi tuma kisI vedI para kucha car3hAne jA rahe ho yAnI koI pUjA-pATha karane jA rahe ho aura isa bAta se tumhArA bhAI sahamata nahIM hai to pahale apane bhAI kI sahamati le lo phira pUjA-pATha prArambha karo / kAraNa, aisA na karane se Apasa kA prema bhaMga ho sakatA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka parezAniyA~ A sakatI haiN| Age caturtha dharmAdeza ko sAmane rakhate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki 'jaise ko taisA' kA siddhAnta bilkula galata hai / A~kha ke badale A~kha aura dA~ta ke badale dA~ta nikAla lene se samasyA kA vAstavika samAdhAna nahIM mila sakatA / aisA karane se zAnti mila jAe yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeva kisI bhI durvyavahAra kA pratikAra na karo / yadi koI tumhAre eka gAla para tamAcA mAra detA hai to dUsarA bhI gAla usake sAmane 1. Bible, Matthew V. Jain Education, International

Page #107
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kara do|' yadi koI tumhArA koTa lenA cAhatA hai to tuma apanA aMgarakhA ( Cloak ) bhI de do| yadi koI tumheM apane sAtha eka mIla calane ko bAdhya karatA hai to usake sAtha do mIla taka jaao| jo kucha bhI tumase koI mAMgatA hai usakA svAmitva tuma use de do aura phira usa vyakti se udhAra mAMga lo, use lauTAo nhiiN| punaH Apasa ke prema ko prakAzita karate hue unhoMne paMcama dharmAdeza meM kahA hai ki purAne siddhAnta para dhyAna mata do, jo kahatA hai- 'par3osI ko pyAra karo aura zatru se ghaNA karo' / balki zatru ko pyAra karo, jo tumheM zApa de use varadAna do; jo tumhArA burA kare usakA bhalA karo; aura jo tuma se IrSyA karatA hai tuma para kisI prakAra kA abhiyoga lAtA hai, usake lie duA kro| tabhI tuma apane usa pitA ( Izvara ) kI saccI santAna bana pAoge, jo svarga meM rahatA hai aura sUrya ko samAna rUpa se burI yA bhalI prakRti vAloM ko dhUpa pradAna karane ko aura bAdala ko samAna rUpa se nyAyI yA anyAyI ko jala dene ko prerita karatA hai| isa prakAra IsAI-paramparA meM jana-jIvana ke prema ko Izvaraprema kA rUpa diyA gayA hai, jo aniyaMtrita hai jisameM na koI gAMTha hai, aura na koI sImA hI hai| sacamuca prema hI ahiMsA hai yA ahiMsA hI. prema hai| prema ke binA ahiMsA aura ahiMsA ke binA prema kI kalpanA kI hI nahIM jA sktii| prema bhI vahIM hotA hai jahA~ pratikAra yA dveSa kI bhAvanA kA lopa hotA hai| isIlie IsAI-paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai ki jahA~ para vinamratA evaM vizva-bandhatva ke bhAva pAe jAte haiM vahIM para IzvarIya rAjya hotA hai|4 Izvara kI sevA kA artha hotA hai pUre mAnava samAja ke Izvara kI sevA, mAtra kisI eka dharma dvArA pratipAdita Izvara kI hI nhiiN| IzvarIya rAjya para to garIboM evaM avahelitoM kA adhikAra hotA hai| dhanI varga se isa IzvarIya rAjya ke sambandha ko dikhAte hue IsA ne kahA hai ki eka U~Ta kA sUI 1. Bible, Matthew v. 2. Ibid. 3. G.W.R., p. 172. 4. Ibid., p. 170.

Page #108
jainetara paramparAoM meM ahiMsA 86 ke chidra meM praveza karanA saMbhava mAna liyA jA sakatA hai lekina eka dhanI vyakti kA IzvarIya rAjya meM sthAna pAnA bilkula saMbhava nahIM hai / ' ina bAtoM se IsA masIha ne ahiMsA ke Arthika evaM sAmAjika rUpa para prakAza DAlA hai / dAna ko bhI isa paramparA meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta huA hai / isake sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki AdhyAtmika pyAra dAna kA hI sArarUpa hai yAnI dAna ke dvArA hI AdhyAtmika jIvana vyatIta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jisa prakAra jahA~ AdhyAtmika yA devI jJAna evaM pyAra hotA hai vahA~ Izvara hotA hai, ThIka usI taraha vAstavika AsthA evaM dAna meM bhI Izvara kA vAsa hotA hai / yA yoM kahA jAe ki saccI AsthA evaM sahI dAna hI Izvara hai to koI anucita na hogA / Izvara, AsthA evaM dAna ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kAraNa, Izvara se alaga hone ke bAda yA to ina donoM kA astitva hI nahIM raha jAtA aura yadi rahatA bhI hai to apUrNa yA asaphala rUpa meM / yadi koI Izvara ko jAnane kA dAvA karatA hai aura vaha dAna ke mahattva ko nahIM jAnatA hai isakA matalaba hai ki vaha Izvara ko adhUrA hI jAnatA hai / vaha Izvara ko oThoM se hI jAnatA hai dila se nahIM, arthAt use kevala kitAbI jJAna kI prApti ho sakI hai hArdika jJAna kI nhiiN| kyoMki dAna hI to usa AsthA kA sAra hai, jisake dvArA Izvara ko jAnA jA sakatA hai / 3 IsA ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko samajhAte hue aisA bhI kahA hai- 'merA mAMsa hI vAstavika mAMsa hai aura merA khUna hI zuddha peya hai / jo merA mAMsa khAtA hai aura merA khUna pItA hai vaha mujha meM rahatA hai aura maiM usameM ramatA hU~ / isase yaha nahIM samajhA jA sakatA ki masIha mAMsa Adi grahaNa karane ke pakSa meM the / unhoMne mAMsa tathA khUna kA vyavahAra pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA hai / unake vyavahAra meM 4 1. G. W. R., p. 182. 2. True Christian Religion, p. 420. 3. G. W. R., p. 422: 4. Bible, John VI, 53-5, 56.

Page #109
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA mAMsa zabda kA artha hai AdhyAtmika zreya ( Spiritual good ) evaM khana kA artha hai satya ( Truth ) / kahIM-kahIM para unhoMne apane mAMsa ko roTI aura khUna ko madirA kahA hai|' phira bhI IsAI paramparA meM mAMsAdi adhikAMzataH khAyA jAtA hai jo Arthika yA zArIrika lAbha se sambandha rakhatA hai, dharma se nhiiN| isa prakAra IsAI-paramparA ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa se pyAra, dAna Adi vidheyAtmaka pakSa para adhika bala detI hai| islAma-paramparA: islAma kA kendra sthAna araba hai / isase pahale vahA~ para bahudevatAvAda (Polytheism) evaM ghora mUrtipUjana (Gross idolatry) se lekara dar3ha adevatAvAda ( Rigid atheism) kA prasAra thaa| kintu muhammada sAhaba, jinakA janma makkA meM abdullA aura amnA ke putra ke rUpa meM 20 apraila 571 I0 ko huA thA, ne vahA~ ke janajIvana ko apane eka nae dhArmika-vicAra se prakAzita kiyA aura unhIM kI dI gaI jJAna-jyoti islAma ke nAma se jAnI gii| islAma dharma ke siddhAntoM kI jAnakArI pramukhataH cAra granthoM se hotI hai 1. kurAna ( The Quran ), 2. sunnA ( The Sunna), 3. ijma ( The Ijma ), 4. kiasa ( The Qias) / isa dharma ne Izvara meM vizvAsa karane, dharma-patha pradarzakoM ke vicAroM para AsthA rakhane, garIboM aura kamajoroM ke prati dayA-bhAva vyakta karane kI sIkha dI hai| isameM gAlI ( abuse ), krodha ( anger ), lobha (avarice ), cugalI khAnA ( back-biting) khUna-kharAbI ( blood-shedding ), rizvata lenA ( bribery ), jhUThA abhiyoga ( calumny ), beImAnI (dishonesty ), 1. True Christian Religion, p. 746. 2. G.W.R., pp. 201-202.

Page #110
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA madirApAna ( drinking ), IrSA (envy), cApalUsI (lattery), lAlaca ( greed ), pAkhaNDa ( hypocrisy ), asatya ( lying ), kRpaNatA ( miserliness ), abhimAna ( pride), kalaGka ( slandering ), Atma-hatyA ( suicide ), adhika vyAja lenA ( usury ), hiMsA ( violence ), ucchRkhalatA (wickedness), yuddha ( warfare), hAniprada karma ( wrong-doings ) Adi ko hamezA hI tyAjya samajhA hai aura ThIka isake viparIta bhAIcArA ( brotherhood ), dAna (charity), svacchatA (cleanliness), brahmacarya (chastity ), kSamA ( forgiveness ), maitrI ( friendship ), kRtajJatA ( gratitude ), vinamratA ( humility ), nyAya (justice ), dayA ( kindness ), zrama ( labour ), udAratA ( liberality ), prema ( love ), kRpA ( mercy ), saMyama ( moderation ), suzIlatA (modesty), par3osIpana kA bhAva ( neighbourliness ), hRdaya kI zuddhatA ( purity of heart ), sadAcAra ( righteousness), dhairya (steadfastness), satya ( truth ), vizvAsa ( trust ) ko grahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|' isase sApha jAhira hotA hai ki islAma-paramparA ne una tattvoM kI avahelanA kI hai jinase hiMsAbhAva kI utpatti yA vRddhi hotI hai aura una tatvoM ko apanAyA hai jinase ahiMsAbhAva kI puSTi hotI hai evaM ahiMsA siddhAnta kA vikAsa hotA hai / ___ dAna dene ke siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue kurAna meM kahA gayA hai ki dAna to taba sahI rUpa letA hai jaba koI binA kisI hicakicAhaTa ke yA binA kisI ko koI kaSTa die hI kisI ko kucha detA hai / yadi dAna dene meM kisI prakAra kI parezAnI lI gaI yA mahasUsa kI gaI to usase kahIM jyAdA acchA hai ki kisI se madhura saMbhASaNa kiyA jAe tathA usake prati kSamA bhAva rakhA jAe, kAraNa, khudA svayaM dhana, vaibhava kA sarvocca adhiSThAtA hote hue bhI sarala 1. G. W. R., p. 203.

Page #111
12 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA evaM vinamra hai| kurAna kA zrIgaNeza hI khudA ko udAra evaM dayAvAna kahakara saMbodhita kara kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI kurAna aisA elAna karatA hai ki khudA kisI ko binA kisI ucita kAraNa ke mArane ke lie hedAyata karatA hai aura yadi koI kisI kI hatyA binA sahI kAraNa ke hI kara detA hai to khadAI kAnana ke anusAra Age vaha bhI (jisakI hatyA hotI hai yAnI hiMsita) hiMsaka kI hatyA karane kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai| lekina aisA vaha svecchA se nahIM kara sakatA, use khudAI kAnUna kA sahArA to lenA hI pdd'egaa| kintu kisI jIva kI hatyA karane ke lie ucita kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai ? yaha eka samasyA-sI uTha khar3I hotI hai| isake saMbaMdha meM kucha jAnakArI vahA~ se ho sakatI hai jahAM para maududI (Maududi) ne Izvara, AtmA, manuSya evaM vibhinna jIvoM ke adhikAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki khadA ne AdamI ko anya sabhI jIvoM para adhikAra dekara use sammAnita kiyA hai / AdamI anya jIvoM ko apane kAma meM lA sakatA hai, lekina unakA durupayoga nahIM kara sktaa| khudA kI ora se use itanI chUTa nahIM milI hai ki vaha cAhe jisa kadara bhI unheM parezAna kare / yadi anya jIvoM ko AdamI apane kAma meM lAtA hai to use koziza karanI cAhie ki unheM kama se kama kaSTa ho| udAharaNasvarUpa AdamI apane bhojanArtha pazuoM kI hatyA kara sakatA hai lekina khela ke lie yA anya kisI prasannatA ke lie vaha aisA nahIM kara sktaa| aura isameM bhI hatyA karane ke eka vizeSa tarIke ko apanAnA cAhie jise jabha (Zabh) kahate haiM, kyoMki isa tarIke se mArane para jIva ko kama kaSTa hotA hai / jaMgalI hiMsaka pazuoM kI hatyA karane ke lie bhI yaha paramparA chUTa detI hai kyoMki hiMsaka pazuoM se manuSya kA jIvana jyAdA mahatvapUrNa hotA hai / lekina isameM pazuoM ko kama 1. Quran, Tr. E. H. Palmer, Part I, Chapter II, 265, p. 42. 2. "bismillAha rahimAnurrahIma" kurAna 1. 1. 3, Quran, Part II, Chapter VIII, 35. p. 4.

Page #112
jainetara paramparAdhoM meM ahiMsA 63 bhojana denA aura unapara car3hanA, sAmAna lAdanA, pakSiyoM ko piMjare meM banda karake rakhanA Adi kA virodha kiyA gayA hai| yahAM taka ki islAma vRkSoM ko bhI kATane ke lie nahIM kahatA, kyoMki ve phala dete haiM / " parantu khudA, jise samadRSTi vAlA mAnA jAtA hai, manuSya ke prati itanA udAra aura anya jIvoM ke prati isa taraha nirmama kaise bana gayA ki usane AdamI ko anya pazuoM ko apane kAma meM lAne ke lie isa kadara svataMtra kara diyaa| isase to islAma kA khudA ekAMgI aura pakSapAtI dIkhatA hai / yA ho sakatA hai ki isa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne apanI suvidhA ko dekhakara khudA kA havAlA dete hue kurAna ke dharmAdezoM ko apane anusAra vizleSita kara liyA ho yA usameM kucha vRddhi hI kara dI ho / anyathA yaha kitanA asvAbhAvika hai ki jo khudA bhUkhe pazuoM ke usa darda ko mahasUsa kara sakatA hai jo bhUkha se paidA hotA hai vaha pazuoM kI usa pIr3A ko samajha nahIM sakatA jo bhojana ke lie manuSyoM ke dvArA kI gaI unakI hatyA se hotI hai / tAo evaM kanaphyUziyasa : cIna meM tIna dharmoM kA prasAra hai- bauddha, tAo aura kanphyUziyasa / tAo dharma ke praNetA lAotse ( Lao Tze ) ho gae haiM jinakA prAdurbhAva cudraNa ( Chu- Jhren ) gA~va meM IsA pUrva san 604 meM huA thA / unakA pahalA nAma 'lI' thA / 'lI' kA artha hotA hai karkandhUyA bera ( Plum ) / aisA nAma unheM isalie diyA gayA ki unakA janma karkandhU - vRkSa ke nIce huA thA / ve bar3e hI camatkArI vyakti the / apane samaya ke rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika bhraSTAcAra se Ubakara ve cIna ko hI chor3ane vAle the lekina logoM ne unase pustaka likhane ke lie Agraha kiyA / phira unhoMne karIba pA~ca hajAra zabdoM kI 'tAo - teha kiMga' nAmaka eka pustaka likhI 1. Towards Understanding Islam-Sayyid AbulA'la Maududi, PP. 186-187,

Page #113
jaina dharma meM mahiMsA jisake do bhAga haiM-tAo aura teha / inhIM do bhAgoM meM lAotse ke vAstavika upadeza prApta hote haiM / ___lAotse ne jIvana kI saralatA para sabase jyAdA jora diyA hai / jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se vyatIta karane ke lie unhoMne jo rAha dikhAI hai usake ye saba saMbala pradhAna haiM : 1. kArya karanA para usake karttApana para vicAra na krnaa| 2. karma karanA para usase utpanna duHkha-darda ko mahasUsa na krnaa| 3. bhojana grahaNa karanA para usake acche-bure svAda para vicAra na krnaa| 4. choTe ko bhI bar3A smjhnaa| 5. thor3e ko bhI adhika smjhnaa| 6. hiMsA se utpanna ghAva para pyAra kA marahama aura dayA kI paTTI lagAne kA bhAva rkhnaa| yahAM taka ki rAjanaitika jIvana meM bhI khUna-kharAbI ho, isakA lAotse ne virodha kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jo bAdazAha janatA kI nirmama hatyA meM vizvAsa karatA hai yA dUsaroM kI hatyA meM Ananda letA hai, vaha kabhI-bhI eka saphala evaM kuzala zAsaka nahIM samajhA jA sktaa|' kanaphyUziyasa paramparA apane janmadAtA kanaphyUziyasa ke nAma se hI prasiddha hai / kanaphyUziyasa kA janma cuphu ( Chufu ) gAMva meM zu-liyAMga-ho ( Shu-Liang-Ho) ke putra ke rUpa meM IsA pUrva san 551 meM huA thaa| unakA vAstavika nAma kaMga-phu-tje kaMga ( K'ung-fu-tze-Kung ) thaa| kintu prathama pAzcAtya yAtrI, jisane yUrapa se cIna kI yAtrA kI thI, ne unake nAma kA sahI uccAraNa na karane ke kAraNa laiTina ( Latin) bhASA meM use kanaphyUziyasa (Confucius ) ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| unhoMne koI nayA dharma yA nIti nahIM dI kintu pahale se Ate hue 1. Great Asian Religions, p. 154.

Page #114
jainetara paramparAnoM meM hiMsA 65 dhArmika, dArzanika, naitika, rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika vicAroM ko apane DhaMga se isa taraha vizleSita kiyA ki unake dvArA kie gae vizleSaNa ne hI eka naI paramparA ko janma de diyA, jaise vaidika paramparA meM zaMkarAcArya ke dvArA kiyA gayA upaniSadoM kA vivecana hI apane Apa meM eka darzana bana gayA hai / phira bhI kanaphyUziyasa sAhitya meM pA~ca grantha Ate haiM : 1. pramANa sAhitya ( Book of Records ) / 2 laghu-gAna sAhitya ( Book of Odes ) / 3. parivartana sAhitya ( Book of Changes ) / 4. vasanta evaM zarada sAhitya ( Spring and Autumn Annals ) / 5. itihAsa ( Book of History ) / kanaphyUziyasa ke vicAroM meM zreSThajana ( Superiors ) kI kalpanA kI gaI hai aura unameM acche guNoM kA honA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai / isI silasile para kahA gayA hai ki eka zreSTha vyakti ke lie tIna bAteM Avazyaka haiM' : 1. jaba taka zArIrika vikAsa apanI pUrNatA ko prApta nahIM huA hai, unheM mAMsa grahaNa karane meM svataMtra nahIM honA cAhie / 2. yuvApana meM, jaba javAnI madamAtI huI ho, yuddha karane kI pravRtti para rokathAma rakhanI cAhie / 3. vRddhAvasthA meM abhilASAoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA cAhie / isase lagatA hai ki kanaphyUziyasa ne mAMsAdi grahaNa karane kA pUrNataH virodha nahIM kiyA hai / yadi koI isa para niyaMtraNa karatA bhI hai to mAtra eka umra vizeSa taka hI, jIvana ke pUre samaya taka nahIM / kintu apane ziSyoM ke vibhinna praznoM kA uttara dete hue kanaphyUziyasa ne yaha bhI kahA hai- 'jIvana ke pravAha meM pyAra kI 1. G. W. R., p. 225.

Page #115
jaina dharma meM hiMsA 6 bAr3ha lA do aura maMtrI kA saMcAra karo" / jo loga acche hote haiM ve sabako pyAra karate haiM, dUsaroM kI acchAI ko dekhate tathA apanI hI taraha dUsaroM kA bhI utthAna cAhate haiM / eka zreSTha vyakti pIr3itoM kI sahAyatA karatA hai lekina dhanavAnoM ke lie dhana-vaibhava kI vRddhi nahIM karatA / cAra samudroM ke Asa-pAsa jitane bhI loga haiM ye saba usake bhAI haiM / yadi tuma dAna karate ho to dila kA dAna ( Charity of heart ) karo, yAnI mAtra dAnI kahalAne ke lie kisI ko kucha mata do balki jise tuma kucha dete ho usake prati hArdika sahAnubhUti rakho / saba eka-dUsare ko pyAra karo / jo zreSTha hotA hai vaha sabake prati sahAnubhUti rakhatA hai / vaha dUsaroM kI mahAnatA yA viziSTatA ko dekhakara dveSa nahIM karatA / vaha nimna AcaraNa ke vyakti ko dekhakara ghRNA nahIM karatA / balki vaha apane Apake Antarika rUpa kA adhyayana karatA hai arthAt vaha apane meM dekhatA hai ki kyA ve kaluSita bhAva usameM bhI haiM jo dUsaroM meM vaha dekha rahA hai / vaha uttejaka bAtoM para dhyAna nahIM detA, - sabake prati vinamra bhAva rakhatA hai lekina cApalUsI karanA pasanda nahIM karatA / vaha apane se nimnastarIya logoM ke prati dveSa bhAva nahIM rakhatA aura na uccastarIya logoM se pakSapAta grahaNa karane kA bhAva rakhatA hai / ina bAtoM ko dekhane se mAlUma hotA hai ki bhale hI kanaphyUziyasa ne niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA para utanA jora nahIM diyA ho, lekina vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA para adhika bala diyA hai aura khAsa taura se sAmAjika samAnatA ko to usane apanAyA hI hai / sUphI sampradAya : sarvaprathama 'sUphI' zabda san 815 I0 meM prakAza meM AyA / vibhinna vidvAnoM ne isake alaga-alaga artha lagAe haiM / abU nasara ala-sarAja ne apanI pustaka 'kitAba ala- lumA' meM 'sUphI' zabda para vicAra karate hue batalAyA hai ki 'sUphI' zabda arabI 'sUpha' zabda 1. G. W. R., p. 233. 2. G. W. R., pp. 233-234.

Page #116
67 janetara paramparAmoM meM hiMsA se nikalA hai jisakA artha 'Una' hai|"1 hujavIrI ne kahA hai ki sUphI zabda 'saphA' se nikalA hai| kintu adhikAMza loga 'sUphI' zabda kI utpatti 'sUpha' se hI mAnate haiM. kyoMki Una kA vyavahAra paigambaroM ke dvArA bahuta dina pahale se hI hotA A rahA hai| isa paramparA ke janma ke bAre meM vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAtmA muhammada hI isake bhI janmadAtA the| kAraNa, isakA vikAsa islAma se hI huA hai| muhammada sAhaba ko do prakAra ke IzvarIya jJAna prApta hae the, jinameM se eka ko unhoMne kUrAna ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA aura dUsare ko apane hRdaya meM dhAraNa kiyaa| kurAna kA jJAna saba logoM ke lie prasArita kiyA gayA lekina apanI hArdika jyoti ko kucha apane cune hue ziSyoM meM pratiSThApita kara diyaa| unakA kitAbI jJAna ( kurAna kA jJAna ) 'ilma-I-saphina' ( IIm-i-Safina) aura hArdika jJAna 'ilma-I-sina' ( IIm-i Sina) thaa| vaha hArdika jJAna rahasyapUrNa thA jise dhAraNa karane vAle rahasyakArI sUphI khlaae| havIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM mArUpha ala-karakhI ne sUphI mata ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai-'paramAtmA viSayaka satyAsatya kA jJAna aura sAMsArika vastuoM kA parityAga hI sUphI mata hai|" aisI sthiti meM to hiMsA-ahiMsA kA koI prazna hI nahIM uTha sakatA hai| kAraNa, jahA~ kisI vastu ke prati lobha, kisI vyakti ke prati rAga yA kisI vastu ke prati heya bhAva aura kisI vyakti ke prati dveSa bhAva hotA hai, vahIM hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| lekina saMsAra se pUrNataH saMnyAsa le lene para to aisI samasyA hI uTha khar3I nahIM hotI hai| __itanA hI nahIM, sUphI prema kI AvAja sabase jyAdA bulanda karate haiN| ve paramAtmA ko priyatama mAnate haiM aura aisA socate haiM ki sAMsArika prema ke mAdhyama se priyatama ke nikaTa pahu~cA jA sakatA 1. sUphImata-sAdhanA aura sAhitya-rAmapUjana tivArI, pR0 166. 2. vahI, pR0 171. 3. G. W. R., p. 258. 4. sUphImata-sAdhanA aura sAhitya, pR0 212.

Page #117
68 jaina dharma meM hiMsA hai| mAnavIya prema to AdhyAtmika prema kA sAdhana hai|' prema Izvara ke sAra kA bhI sAra hai aura Izvara-pUjana kA yaha sarvocca rUpa hai| isa taraha jahA~ prema ko apanAyA gayA hai vahIM hiMsA ho sakatI hai, aisA socanA galata nahIM to aura kyA hogaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sUphI paramparA meM bhI ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko acchA prazraya milA hai| zinto-paramparA : zinto ( Shinto ) jApAna kA vaha dharma hai jisakI utpatti jApAna meM hI huI thii| isase jApAna kI dhArmika bhUmikA kA patA lagatA hai, kyoMki jisa samaya zinto mata kA prAdurbhAva huA usa samaya jApAna meM anya kisI bAharI dharma kA Agamana nahIM ho pAyA thaa| usa samaya jApAnI loga prakRti kI pUjA karate the / parantu bAda meM vahA~ bauddha dharma ne bhArata se jAkara apanI jar3a jamA lii| zinto kA zAbdika artha hotA hai deva-mArga arthAta devatAoM taka pahacAne vAlA yA unakI sannikaTatA prApta karAne vAlA mArga (The way of the gods) | zinto zabda ke anta meM jo 'to' lagA hai vaha cIna ke tAo ( Tao ) kA prabhAva hai| 'zinto' vAstava meM cInI zabda hai jisakA samAnArthaka jApAnI meM 'kAmI no mIcI' (Kami no michi) hotA hai| isakA bhI artha hotA hai zreSThajana taka le jAne vAlI raah| ___isa paramparA ke pradhAna grantha koz2ikI ( The Kojiki ), fastarit (The Nihongi), Azat fgt3 (The Manyo-shiu), tathA yengI zikI ( The Yengi shiki ) haiM jinakA racanA-kAla kramazaH san 712 I0, san 720 I0, 8vIM evaM 8vIM zatI ke bIca 1. vahI, pR0 316.. 2. G. W. R., p. 266. 3. Shintoism-A. C. Underwood, p. 14.

Page #118
jainetara paramparAmoM meM ahiMsA tayA san 601-623 I0 hai| koz2ikI ko jApAniyoM kA bAibala 'The Bible of the Japanese' kahate haiM / isakI bhASA jApAnI evaM cInI mizrita hai|' zinto dharma ke maTha Adi meM saralatA ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| isake karmakANDa meM koI jaTilatA nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| isameM pUjana Adi ke samaya kie gae arpaNa ko sammAna kA rUpa diyA gayA hai aura jo cIjeM devoM ko arpita karane kI samajhI jAtI haiM ve haiM-cAvala, roTI, phala, zAka-bhAjI, sAmudrika vanaspati, sUara ke bacce, kharagoza tathA cir3iyoM kA mAMsa / isase lagatA hai ki pUjA-pATha meM mAMsAdi ke vyavahAra ko zinto-paramparA meM galata nahIM samajhA gayA bAda ke die gae dharmAdeza isa prakAra haiM : 1. IzvarI icchA kA ullaMghana na kro| 2. apane pitRjana ke prati apanI kRtajJatA ko na bhuulo| 3. rAjya-zAsana kA virodha na kro| 4. devoM ke udAra sadguNoM ko na bhUlo jinase ApadAe~ dUra hotI haiM, bImArI naSTa hotI hai|| 5. yaha bhI nahIM bhUlo ki saMsAra eka parivAra hai / 6. apanI zakti kA sahI andAja kro| 7. dUsaroM ke krodhita ho jAne ke bAvajUda bhI tuma svayaM krodhita na ho| 8. kAma meM Alasya mata kro| 6. dharmopadezoM para doSAroSaNa mata kro| 10 videzI dharmopadezoM ke prabhAva meM mata aao|' ina upadezoM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha saMsAra eka parivAra hai| jaba saMsAra ko koI vyakti parivAra ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai taba isakA 1. Ibid; Vide also, pp. 15-16, 2. G. W. R., p. 278, 3. G. W. R, p. 280.

Page #119
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA matalaba hotA hai ki vaha sabhI logoM ko apane bhAI-bandhu ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai, phira to na koI Ila yA dveSa ho sakatA hai aura na hiMsA hI / isase bhI Age bar3hakara krodha ko rokane ke lie Adeza diyA gayA hai| bhale hI koI dUsarA nArAja ho jAe lekina svayaM nArAja na honA caahie| yahA~ bhI hiMsA kI jar3a para kuThArAghAta kiyA gayA hai|

Page #120
dvitIya adhyAya ahiMsA-sambandhI jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya ke do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM-(1) mahAvIra ke pahale kA sAhitya evaM (2) mahAvIra se bAda kA sAhitya / mahAvIra se pUrva jo jaina sAhitya thA, vaha abhI upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usake pramANa milate haiN| isameM koI zaMkA kI guMjAiza bhI nahIM dIkhatI ki mahAvIra se pahale jaina-sAhitya thA, kyoMki mahAvIra se pahale bhI tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiM aura unake vicAroM se bhI hama paricita haiM / cU~ki usa sAhitya kA nirmANa mahAvIra se pUrva huA, ataH vaha 'pUrva' nAma se hI sambodhita huA aura usakA samAveza dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga meM huaa| pUrva caudaha the|' mahAvIra se bAda kA sAhitya vaha hai jisameM mahAvIra ke pravacana yA siddhAnta prastuta kiye gaye haiN| mahAvIra ne apane dhArmika yA dArzanika siddhAntoM ko na to saMkalita kiyA aura na koI sAhityika rUpa hI unheM diyaa| kintu unake ziSyoM tathA anya AcAryoM ne unake upadezoM ko saMkalita karake unheM eka sAhityika rUpa diyA aura isI AdhAra para. usa sAhitya ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai-(1) aMga-praviSTa jinakI racanA (saMkalana) gaNadhara yAnI mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke dvArA huI, (2) aMgabAhya jinakI racanA anya AcAryoM ke dvArA huii| kintu samaya kI daur3a meM dhIredhIre vaha sAhitya lupta hone lagA, taba jaina zramaNoM ne tIna bAra mahAsammelana karake use phira se saMkalita kiyA tathA miTane se bcaayaa| 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna-DA. hIrAlAla jaina, pRSTha 51, 52.

Page #121
102 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ___ jaina Agamika sAhitya ke aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra, prakIrNaka Adi vibhinna bhAga haiM, jinameM jaina-vicAradhArA dArzanika, dhArmika, naitika Adi apane bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM pravAhita hotI hai / jainAcAra yadyapi sampUrNa jaina sAhitya meM pallavita evaM puSpita hotA hai, isake mUlasrota aMga haiN| aMga bAraha haiM-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharma kathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkazruta tathA daSTivAda (lupt)| inameM se nimnalikhita ahiMsAdi AcArakarmoM para vizeSa prakAza DAlate haiN| AcArAMga: AcArAMga samagra jaina AcAra kI AdhArazilA hai| upalabdha samagra jaina sAhitya meM AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha prAcInatama hai, yaha isakI prAkRta-bhASA, taniSTha zailI evaM tadgata bhAvoM se siddha hai|' pradhAnataura se yaha do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita huA hai, jinameM se prathama gaNadhara racita tathA dUsarA sthavira racita hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 6 adhyayana haiM-zastraparijJA, lokavijaya, zItoSNIya, samyakatva, lokasAra, dhUta, mahAparijJA jo aba upalabdha nahIM hai, vimokSa tathA upadhAnazrata / ye adhyayana uddezakoM meM vibhakta haiM jinakI saMkhyA 44 hai, aura ye uddezaka brahmacarya kahe jAte haiN| 'brahmacarya' zabda kA prayoga saMyama yAnI samatA arthAt ahiMsA ke lie kiyA gayA hai| dUsare zrutaskandha meM, jise niyuktikAra ne 'AcArAna' kahA hai, pAMca cUlAe~ haiM, jinameM 17 adhyapana haiN| viSaya ko dRSTi se prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayana nimna prakAra se haiM prathama adhyayana : prathama uddezaka-sudharmA svAmI ne jambu svAmI se vArtAlApa karate hue isa uddezaka meM AtmA kA sAmAnya paricaya prastuta kiyA hai, sAtha hI karma-bandhana ke kAraNoM evaM phaloM kI bhI carcA kI hai| isake gyArahaveM sUtra meM hiMsA ke kAraNa ko batAte hue kahA hai ki bahuta se saMsArI jIva apane ko dIrghAyu banAne, yaza 1. prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya-DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 4,

Page #122
103 ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya prApta karane, pUjA-pATha sampanna karane, janma-maraNa Adi se mukti pAne ke hetu hiMsA Adi duSkarma karate haiN|' dvitIya uddezaka-isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra pRthvIkAya jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura sAdhu ko usa hiMsA se kaise bacanA caahie| tRtIya uddezaka-isa uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki apakAya meM bhI cetanA hotI hai, ise bhI sparzAdi se pIr3A pahu~catI hai / ataH muni ko apakAya jIvoM kI rakSA kA utanA hI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie jitanA ki aura jIvoM ke lie| caturtha uddezaka-isameM tejaskAya kI hiMsA ko tyAgane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai kyoMki apa kAya kI taraha tejaskAya bhI cetanAyukta hotA hai aura use bhI kaSTa kI anubhUti hotI hai| agnikAya yAnI tejaskAya ke Arambha kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai "agnikAya ke Arambha se hone vAle anartha ko jAnakara buddhimAna puruSa isa bAta kA nizcaya kare ki pramAda ke kAraNa maiM pahale agnikAya ke Arambha ko karatA rahA hU~, isa samaya usakA parityAga karatA huuN|"2 - paMcama uddezaka-isa uddezaka meM vanaspatikAya kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti jIvAjIva ko acchI taraha jAna letA hai tathA munidharma ko aMgIkAra karake yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM vanaspatikAya kA Arambha-samArambha nahIM karU~gA, vaha vanaspatikAya ke Arambha se nivRtta samajhA jAtA hai aura aise tyAgapUrNa jIvana kI sAdhanA sirpha jaina mArga meM hI saMbhava hai| aise tyAgI puruSa ko anagAra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| 1. imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNamANaNapUyaNAe jAimaraNamoyaNAe dukkhapaDighAyaheuM // 11 // sUtra 14 evaM 15 bhI dekheN| 2. pAcArAMga-hi0 anu0 AtmArAmajI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 126. 3. taMNo karissAmi samudrAe, mattA maimaM, abhayaM, vidittA, taM je No karae, esovarae, etyovarae, esa praNagAretti pavuccaI // 40 //

Page #123
104 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA SaSTha uddezaka -isameM trasakAya jIvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki unakI hiMsA karane se bacanA caahie|' saptama uddezaka-anya uddezakoM kI taraha isameM vAyukAya kA varNana huA hai| vAyukAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA bhI usI prakAra duHkhadAyI hotI hai, jaise anya prANiyoM kI hiNsaa| ataH isa tathya ko samajhane vAlA vyakti vAyukAyika jIvoM kI rakSA karatA hai| jo apane sukha-duHkha ko jAnatA aura samajhatA hai vahI anya prANiyoM ka sukha-duHkha ko bhI jAnatA hai| jo anya jIvoM yAnI jagat ke sukhadu.kha ko jAnatA hai vaha apane sukha-duHkha ko bhI jAnatA hai / isalie muni ko cAhie ki apane tathA anya sabhI ke sukha-duHkha ko eka taraha samajhe aura aisA samajhate hue sabhI prANiyoM kI rakSA kre|' ___isa prakAra prathama adhyayana meM SaTkAyoM kI sajIvatA para bala dete hue yaha nirdezita kiyA gayA hai ki mumukSu ko yaha jAnanA cAhie ki SaTkAya ke Arambha-samArambha se bandhana hotA hai, ataH kisI bhI prakAra ke Arambha-samArambha se use bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| dvitIya adhyayana-isa adhyayana ke nAma se hI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isameM lokavijaya prApti ke sAdhana kA jJAna karAyA gayA hai| loka kA artha kaSAya yAnI rAga-dveSa hotA hai, jise bhAvalAka kahate haiN| dravya-loka, loka kA vaha rUpa hai, jisakA sambandha indriyoM se hotA hai| lekina bhAva-loka para vijaya prApta kara lene para vyakti svataH dravya-loka para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM inase utpanna hone vAlI koI bhI kriyA nahIM hotii| isa adhyayana meM chaH uddezaka haiN| isake dUsare uddezaka meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta para jora diyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana-zIta aura uSNa ke artha kramazaH ThaNDA aura garma hote haiM kintu isa adhyayana meM ye parISahoM ke do rUpoM meM Ae haiM, 1. prAcArAMga-AtmArAmajI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 163, 165. 2. vahI, pRSTha 175. 3. sUtra 81.

Page #124
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 105 arthAt jo parISaha sukhada haiM ve zIta kahalAte haiM tathA jo duHkhada haiM ve uSNa / ataH sAdhaka ko zIta evaM uSNa donoM prakAra ke parISahoM ko samAna dRSTi se dekhanA cAhie / isameM cAra uddezaka haiN| caturtha adhyayana-tattvArtha kI zraddhA karane ko samyaktva yA samyagdarzana kahate haiM / ' yahA~ para kahA gayA hai ki samyaktva ko acchI taraha sampAdita karake hI koI vyakti mukti pA sakatA hai| isa adhyayana meM bhI cAra uddezaka haiN| isake dUsare uddezaka meM yajJAdi se sambandhita brAhmaNa-vacana ko anArya-vacana kahA gayA hai| paMcama adhyayana-cUki samyagdarzana ke lie samyakacAritra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, samyaka cAritra ko saMsAra kA sAra batAte hue isa adhyayana meM yaha sampAdita kiyA gayA hai ki loka kA sAra dharma, dharma kA sAra jJAna, jJAna kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai| isameM chaH uddezaka haiM tathA isake prathama uddezaka meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti prayojanavaza yA niSprayojana jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha sadA chaH kAya jIva-jantuoM meM janma-maraNa dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai tathA mokSa nahIM paataa| SaSTha adhyayana-dhUta kA artha hotA hai zuddhi, jo do prakAra kI hotI hai-dravya-dhUta yAnI zarIrAdi kA maila dUra karake zarIra kI zaddhi prApta karanA aura bhAvadhUta yAnI mana ke maila ko dUra karanA / isa adhyayana meM rAga-dveSa Adi mana ke maila ko tyAgakara mana kI zuddhi karane ko kahA gayA hai / saptama adhyayana-yaha adhyayana vicchinna hone ke kAraNa lupta samajhA jAtA hai| 1. prAcArAMga-prAtmArAma jI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 368. 2. vahI, pRSTha 387. 3. logassa sAro dhammo dhammapi ya nANasAriyaM viti / nANaM saMjamasAraM saMjamasAraM ca nivvANaM / / bhAcArAMga-mAtmArAmajI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 405.

Page #125
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA aSTama adhyayana--isa adhyayana meM AcAra evaM tyAgamaya jIvana kA varNana hai| isa meM ATha uddezaka haiM / SaSTha uddezaka meM ekatva kI bhAvanA ko pradhAnatA dete hue nirdezita kiyA gayA hai ___"jisa bhikSu kA isa prakAra kA adhyavasAya hotA hai ki maiM akelA hU~, merA koI nahIM hai aura na maiM bhI kisI kA hU~ / isa prakAra vaha bhikSu ekatva bhAvanA se samyaktayA AtmA ko jaane| kyoMki AtmA meM lAghavatA ko utpanna karatA huA vaha tapa ke sammukha hotA hai| ataH vaha samyaktayA samabhAva ko jAne / jisase vaha AtmA kA vikAsa kara sake / '' navama adhyayana-isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tapapUrNa jIvana kA varNana hai / isake cAra uddezakoM meM kramazaH mahAvIra ke vihAra, zayyA, parISaha evaM AtaMka Adi kI carcA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha-isakI pAMca cUlAoM meM antima calA AcAraprakalpa athavA nizItha ko AcArAMga se kisI samaya pRthak kara diyA gayA, jisase AcArAMga meM aba kevala cAra cUlAeM hI raha gaI haiN| prathama zrutaskandha meM Ane vAle vividha viSayoM ko ekatra karake ziSyahitArtha cUlAoM meM saMgRhIta kara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| inameM kucha anukta viSayoM kA bhI samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, ina calAoM ke pIche do prayojana the-ukta viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa tathA anukta viSayoM kA grahaNa / 2 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dvitIya zrutaskandha kI apekSA prathama zrutaskandha prAcIna aura maulika hai / apane maulika rUpa meM sirpha prathama skandha hI thA lekina bhadrabAha ne AcArAMga para niyukti likhane ke samaya bAda vAlA bhAga yAnI dvitIya zrutaskandha usameM bar3hA diyaa| isakI prathama cUlA meM sAta adhyayana haiMpiMDaiSaNA, zayyaSaNA, IryA, bhASAjAta, vastraSaNA, pAtraSaNA aura avgrhprtimaa| IryA nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM sAdhu-sAdhvI ke gamanAgamana-sambandhI zuddhi-azuddhi para vicAra prakaTa kiye gaye haiM 1. vahI, pRSTha 565. 2. prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 6. 3. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, pRSTha 45.

Page #126
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 107 tathA batAyA gayA hai ki calate samaya kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho isa para sAdhu-sAdhvI ko pUrA dhyAna denA caahie|' isI taraha dvitIya cUlA meM bhI sAta adhyayana haiM-snAna, niSIdhikA, uccAra-prasravaNa, zabda, rUpa, parakriyA aura anyonykriyaa| uccAra-prasravaNa-mala-mUtra tyAga kI vidhi ko ahiMsA ke siddhAnta para AdhArita kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya cUlA, jo 'bhAvanA' nAma se sambodhita huI hai, meM mahAvIra ke caritra tathA mahAvratoM kI pAMca bhAvanAoM kI carcA huI hai aura caturtha cUlA vimukti kA viSaya mokSa hai| sUtrakRtAMga : sUtrakRtAMga zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra batAI gaI hai "svaparasamayArthasUcakaM sUtrA, sA'smin kRtamiti sUtrakRtAMgam" arthAt svasamaya-svAgama aura parasamaya-parAgama ke bheda aura svarUpa ko vizleSita karanA sUtrA hai, aura vaha sUtrA jisameM rahe, vaha sUtrakRtAMga hai| isameM kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda evaM lokavAda Adi ke khaNDana-maMDana prastuta kiye gaye haiN| samavAyAMga tathA nandI sUtra meM isakA paricaya isakI vizAlatA ko sAbita karatA hai| isameM svamata, paramata, jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha, mokSa Adi ke viSaya meM nirdeza hai; navadIkSitoM ke lie bodhavacana haiM, 150 kriyAvAdI matoM, 84 akriyAvAdI matoM, 67 ajJAnavAdI matoM aura 32 vinayavAdI matoM-isa prakAra saba milAkara 363 anya dRSTiyoM arthAt anyayUthika matoM kI carcA hai| yaha do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinameM kramazaH 16 tathA 7 adhyayana haiN| isake antima adhyayana kA 1. prAcArAMga AtmArAmajI, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 1068. 2. vahI, pR0 1261. 3. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa-DA. nemicandra . zAstrI, pRSTha 166. 4. prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 7-8.

Page #127
108 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA nAma "nAlandIya" hai kyoMki isameM nAlandA meM ghaTane vAlI ghaTanAoM ke varNana hai| isake prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana tathA prathama uddezaka meM hiMsA ko hAniprada evaM tyAjya batAte hae kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti prANiyoM ko mAratA hai athavA mAranevAloM ko AjJA detA hai vaha una prANiyoM ke sAtha apanA vaira bar3hAtA hai| isake alAvA isa adhyayana meM ahiMsA ke rUpa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM hiMsA tathA ahiMsA donoM ke hI phala batAye gaye haiN| jo vyakti Arambha meM Asakta hai tathA prANiyoM ko daNDa denA tathA hiMsA karanA pasanda karatA hai vaha naraka meM cirakAla taka par3A rahatA hai / 3 * jo AdamI ghara meM rahakara bhI zrAvaka dharma ko pAlatA hai, prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA tathA sabako samAna samajhatA hai yAnI samatA ke siddhAnta kA pAlana karatA hai vaha deva. loka meM sthAna prApta karatA hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM zAkya Adi matAnugAmiyoM ko asaMyamI ghoSita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ye loga hiMsA karate haiM, jhUTha bolate haiM, maithuna tathA parigraha karate haiN| Age calakara isakA virodha kiyA gayA hai ki sirpha pIr3A denA hI doSa hai, kyoMki anya matavAloM ne mAtra pIr3A dene ko hI hiMsA kahA hai| aise vicAra vAloM ko pArzvastha, mithyAdRSTi evaM anArya kahA gayA hai kyoMki mAtra pIr3A denA hI doSa ho aisI bAta nahIM; naitika 1. sayaM tivAyae pANe, aduvA'nnehiM ghaaye| haNaMtaM vA'NujANAi, veraM vaDDai appaNo / / 3 / / 2. sUtra 10. 3. uddezaka 3, sUtra 6. 4, uddezaka 3, sUtra 13. 5. pANAivAte vaTuMtA, musAvAde prasaMjatA / madinnAdANe vaTThatA, mehuNe ya pariggahe / / 8 / uddezaka 4. 6. uddezaka 4, sUtra 12.

Page #128
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya doSa to bahuta se haiM, jinameM se hiMsA yA pIr3A denA eka hai| jo vyakti Upara, nIce, tirachA rahane vAle jIvoM kI hiMsA se nivatta rahatA hai use nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai|' paMcama adhyayana meM bhI nirdezita kiyA gayA hai ki ve ajJAnI jIva jo apane jIvana kI rakSA ke lie anya jIvoM ko duHkha dete haiM, unakI hiMsA karate haiM, naraka meM jAte haiM, jahAM unheM atyanta pIr3A bhoganI par3atI hai / ataH jo vidvAn vyakti haiM unheM naraka kI pIr3A ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue apane ko sabhI hiMsApUrNa kAryoM se bacAnA cAhie tathA sabhI meM zraddhA rakhate hue kaSAyoM kA jJAna karanA cAhie aura unase bacanA cAhie / saptama adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, tRNa, vRkSa, bIja aura trasa tathA aNDaja, jarAyuja, svedaja aura rasaja sabhI ke apane-apane zarIra haiM aura ina saba meM sukha prApta karane kI kAmanA rahatI hai| isalie ina prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane vAle bArabAra inhIM jIvoM ke rUpa meM janma lete aura marate haiN| Age calakara agnikAya ke Arambha se bacane ke lie kahA gayA hai| aSTama adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jo kapaTI yA chalI haiM ve apane sukha ke lie dUsaroM kA chedana-bhedana karate haiM, ve asaMyamita jIvana vyatIta karate hue mana, vacana aura kAya se isa loka aura paraloka donoM ke lie hI jIvahiMsA karate haiN| jisake kAraNa hiMsita jIva unheM bhI dUsare janmoM meM vaise hI kaSTa dete aura mArate haiM jaise ve 1. uddezaka 4, sUtra 20. 2. uddezaka 1, sUtra 3-5. uddezaka 2, sUtra 24. 3, puDhavI ya mAU agaraNI ya vAU, taNa rukkha bAyA ya tasA ya pAraNA / je aMDayA je ya jarAu pAraNA, saMseyayA je rasayAbhihANA // 1 // eyAI kAyAI paveditAI, etesu jANe paDileha sAyaM / eteNa kaeNa ya prAyadaMDe, etesu yA vipariyAsuviti // 2 // 4. sUtra 5-7.

Page #129
110 jaina dharma meM mahisA inheM kaSTa pahu~cAye athavA mAre rahate haiM / ' jIva ko pIr3A na de aura bAhara evaM bhItara se karatA huA saMyamita jIvana-yApana kare / 2 navama adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhu hai use hiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa parityAga kara denA caahie| use bola cAla, pAkhAnApezAba-tyAga Adi jIvana ke sabhI kriyA-karmoM ko karate hue ahiMsA kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / a dazama adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu kisI prakAra kA Arambha na karatA huA saMyamita jIvana pAlana kare, trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM ko pIr3A na pahu~cAve, kyoMki hiMsA se pApa hotA hai, aura sabako apane samAna samajhe / isake alAvA isa adhyayana meM krUratApUrNa kAma ko pApa kahA gayA hai aura isa pApa se bacane ke lie bhAva-samAdhi nirdezita kI gaI hai / isalie vicArazIla puruSa bhAva-samAdhi meM rata rahakara kisI jIva ke prANaghAta se apane ko vaMcita rakhe / sAdhu na hiMsAyukta kathA kahe aura na hiMsAyukta kArya kare, kyoMki hiMsA sarvadA duHkhadAyI hotI hai / " 4 ataeva sAdhu kisI indriyoM kA damana ekAdaza adhyayana meM bhI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyakti kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na de, yahI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta hai aura yahI uttamajJAna bhI hai / " isameM annadAna, jaladAna kI bhartsanA bhI kI gayI hai / kyoMki jo aise dAna kI prazaMsA karate haiM ve badha-kriyA ko bar3hAte haiM aura jo dAna karma ko rokate haiM ve prANiyoM kI vRtti para AghAta karate haiM / " 1. vahI / 2. sUtra 20. 3, sUtra 15, 16, 25, 27 ora 31. 4. sUtra 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 6, 10, 12, 13 tathA 21. 5. eyaM khupANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsati kaMcaNa / zrahiMsA samayaM ceva, etAvaMtaM vijANiyA // 10 // 6. sUtra 16, 20.

Page #130
pahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jana sAhitya 111 dvAdaza evaM trayodaza adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki tatvarI puruSa choTe-bar3e sabhI prANiyoM ko samAna samajhate haiM tathA kisI ko daNDa nahIM dete|' ___ caturdaza adhyayana meM phira se sAdhu ke prati upadeza ghoSita karate hae kahA gayA hai ki vaha mana, vacana aura kAya se sabakI rakSA kare, itanA hI nahIM sAdha aisI koI bAta bhI na bole jo duHkhadAyI ho yadyapi vaha satya hI kyoM na ho / yadi sAdha kisI siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA karatA hai to usa samaya kisI bAta ko chapAye nahIM, guru se jaisA jJAna prApta ho ThIka vaisA hI jJAna dAna kare varanA ye sabhI pApa ke kAraNa haiM aura sAdhu ko pApa kA bhAgI banA sakate haiN| upAsaka dazAMga : ___ isameM dasa adhyayana haiM jinameM kramaza: Ananda, kAmadeva, culanIpriya, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuDakolika, saddAlaputra, mahAzataka, nandinIpriya aura zAlinIpriya ina dasa upAsakoM kI kathAeM haiN| ina kathAnakoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra anekoM vighnabAdhAoM ke Ane para bhI ye sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rahe aura saphalatA prApta kii| sabhI adhyayanoM meM prathama adhyayana kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki isameM zrAvaka ke vratoM ke varNana haiN| zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata hote haiM- 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya, 4 svadArasaMtoSa, 5. parigrahaparimANa, 6. dizAparimANa. 7. upabhoga-paribhogaparimANa, 8. anarthadaNDaviramaNa, 6. sAmAyika, 10. dezAvakAzika, 11. pauSadhopavAsa tathA 12. atithisaMvibhAga / ye vrata 'Ananda gAthApati ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAmane eka-eka karake dhAraNa kiye gaye haiM aura isI krama se inake varNana haiN| isake aSTama adhyayana meM zAvaka mahAzataka kI patnI revatI kI mAMsa-madirAlolupatA tathA usake pariNAmasvarUpa usake naraka meM jAne aura vibhinna prakAra kI vyathA bhogane kA varNana hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI 1. sUtra 18. 2. sUtra 16, 21, 26. 3. sUtra 236-253.

Page #131
112 jaina dharma meM mahisA batAyA gayA hai ki zrAvaka ko saMlekhanA vrata dhAraNa kara lene ke bAda usa matya yA tathyapUrNa bAta ko bhI kisI se nahIM kahanA cAhie jo aniSTa ko sUcita karatI ho athavA apriya ho / isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa mahAzataka ke jIvana meM milatA hai / apanI patnI revatI ke dvArA zRMgAra bharI bAteM karane para vaha krodhita hokara apane avadhi jJAna ke AdhAra para yaha bhaviSyavANI karatA hai ki sAta dinoM ke bAda usakI mRtyu hogI aura vaha naraka meM jAyegI tathA 84 hajAra varSoM taka vahA~ duHkha bhogegI / jisa samaya mahAzataka ne aisI ghoSaNA kI vaha saMlekhanA kI sthiti meM thA / ataeva mahAvIra ne gautama ko bhejakara use apane kiye karma kI AlocanA tathA prAyazcitta karane ko Adeza diyA, aura mahAzataka ne prAyazcitta kriyA / " upAsaka dazAMga meM zrAvakoM ke AcaraNa evaM vratoM kI pUrNa vivecanA milatI hai jisameM ahiMsA ko saba taraha se pradhAnatA milI hai / praznavyAkaraNa : praznavyAkaraNa kA artha hai - svasamaya- svasiddhAnta aura parasamayaanya siddhAnta saMbaMdhI praznottara ke rUpa meM nAnA vidyAoM, mantra-tantra evaM dArzanika bAtoM kA nirUpaNa / para isa vyutpatti ke anusAra sthAnAMga tathA isa zrutAMga meM viSaya-vivecana kA abhAva hai / naMdI sUtra meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa kA paricaya milatA hai lekina vartamAna meM prApta praznavyAkaraNa usase bilkula bhinna hai| abhI isameM dasa adhyayana milate haiM jinameM se prathama pAMca meM kramaza: hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina pAMca pApoM yA AsravadvAroM ke varNana haiM tathA zeSa pAMca meM kramaza: ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacaryaM tathA aparigraha ina pAMca vratoM yA saMvaroM ke varNana milate haiM / isake prathama adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI sudharmA svAmI ne jambU svAmI se kahA hai ki aba prANivadha kA svarUpa, nAma, phala tathA 1. sUtra 236 - 261. 2. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa -- DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, pRSTha 1780

Page #132
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya kisa prakAra yaha kiyA jAtA hai aura aise kauna-se loga haiM, jo hiMsA karate haiM Adi bAteM batalAI jaayeNgii|' ataeva ve kahate haiM ki jJAnavimukha loga pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya tathA trasakAya jIvoM ko vibhinna prayojanoM ke nimitta mArate haiM aura sAtha hI ve una jIvoM ke nAma bhI prastuta karate haiM / zaka, yavana, zabara-bhIla, barbara Adi anArya jAtiyA~ haiM jo mleccha deza meM rahatI haiM tathA hiMsAdi karakarmoM ke karane meM prasanna hotI haiM aura bAda meM ve mahAduHkhadAyI naraka kA varNana karate haiM jisameM hiMsA karane vAle loga aneka varSoM taka kaSTa bhogate haiM aura janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmate rahate haiN| isake SaSTha adhyayana athavA prathama saMvaradvAra meM nirvANa, nivRtti, samAdhi Adi ahiMsA ke sATha paryAyavAcI nAma batAe gae haiN| phira yaha bhI nirdezita kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra una vyaktiyoM ko pravatti karanI cAhie, jo ahiMsA-vrata kA pAlana karanA cAhate haiM / ataH ahiMsA kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jinake anusAra AcaraNa karane se ahiMsA vrata kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana hotA hai| nirayAvalikA : isa upAMga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM zreNika rAjA tathA unakI rAnI celanA tathA putroM-kAla, sukAla, mahAkAla evaM kuNika kI kathA prastuta karake yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yuddha meM hiMsA karane vAle mAre jAne para naraka meM jAte haiN| isake prathama adhyayana meM dikhAyA gayA hai ki rAjakumAra kAla apane jyeSTha bhrAtA kaNika se yuddha karatA haA mArA jAtA hai aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha cauthI paMkaprabhA pRthvI ke hemAbha nAmaka naraka meM dasa sAgaropama sthiti meM paidA hotA 1. jAriso jaM NAmA, jaha ya ko jArisaM phalaM deh| je vi ya kareMti pAvA, pANAvahaM taM NisAmeha // 3 // 2. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-hi0 anuvAda paM0 ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, pRSTha 157.158. 3, vahI, 166-177,

Page #133
jaina dharma meM hiMsA hai|' yadyapi varuNanAga ke pautra evaM usake bAlamitra ke yuddha meM bhAga lene ke bAda svarga meM jAne kI carcA bhI huI hai, lekina sAtha . hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yuddha se alaga hokara una donoM ne hI saMthArA Adi karake samAdhi lI, phira svarga ge| yahA~ para spaSTataH nahIM kintu aspaSTa DhaMga se isa siddhAnta kA virodha kiyA gayA hai ki yuddha meM marane vAle svarga jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana : isa mUlasUtra meM 36 praznoM ( athavA viSayoM ) ke uttara saMkalita haiM jo mahAvIra ke dvArA unake antima cAturmAsa ke samaya ( kintu unase na pUchane para hI ) diye gaye the, jo ki isake 36 adhyayana ke rUpa meM haiM, aura isI kAraNa se isakA nAma uttarAdhyayana hai| yaha eka dhArmika kAvya hai| isameM vinaya, parISaha, akAmamaraNa, pravrajyA, yajJa, samAcArI, mokSamArga, tapomArga, karmaprakRti, lezyA Adi ke varNana haiM jo upamA, rUpaka evaM saMvAdoM kI bahalatA ke kAraNa atyanta rocaka haiN| DA0viNTaranitja ne isakI tulanA mahAbhArata, dhammapada evaM suttanipAta Adi ke sAtha kI hai| bhadrabAhu tathA jinadAsagaNi ne isa para kramazaH niyukti evaM cUNi likhI hai| zAntisUri, nemicandra sUri, lakSmIvallabha, jayakIrti, kamalasaMyama, bhAvavijaya, vinayahaMsa aura harSakula ne kramazaH ziSyahitA Adi vibhinna TIkAe~ likhI haiN| zANTiyara tathA jaikobI ne kramazaH isakA saMzodhana evaM aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| isake chaThe adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki ajJAnI jana duHkha bhogane vAle haiM, isalie paNDita logoM ko cAhie ki moha-jAla se nikala kara satya kI khoja kareM tathA prANiyoM meM maMtrI kI bhAvanA rkheN| cU~ki sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya aura duHkha apriya mAlUma hotA hai, sabako apanI AtmA se pyAra hotA hai, ve kisI bhI prANI kI hatyA nahIM kreN| 1. sUtra 16,106. 2. nirayAvalikA, prathama adhyayana, pRSTha 65. 3. samiksa paMDie tamhA, pAsajAipahe bhuu| apparaNA saccamesejjA, metti bhUesu kappae // 2 //

Page #134
mahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 115 __adhyayana sAta meM ajJAnI, hiMsaka, mRSAvAdI evaM mAMsabhakSaka Adi ko narakAyu ko prApta karanevAlA batAyA gayA hai|' adhyayana ATha meM sAdhu ke karttavya para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko cAhie ki saba prakAra ke parigraha evaM kleza kA tyAga kare, sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA kre| apane ko sAdha ghoSita karane ke bAda bhI jIvavadha ( yAnI jIvavadha Adi ke kUpariNAma ) se anabhijJa na rahe anyathA narakagAmI honA pdd'egaa| tIrthaMkaroM ne prANivadha ke anumodana ko bhI dUHkhamaya bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA hai, ataH hiMsA-virata honA hI sAdhu ke lie zreyaskara hotA hai| jo vyakti prANiyoM kA ghAta nahIM karatA, vaha chaH kAya aura pA~ca samiti ko dhAraNa karanevAlA hotA hai aura usase pApa vaise alaga ho jAte haiM, jaise U~cI jagaha se paanii| ataeva sAdhu mana, vacana aura zarIra se saMsAra ke trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA na kre| ajjhatthaM savvo savvaM dissa pANe piyaaye| na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvarae // 6 // 1. hise bAle musAvAI zraddhANammi vilovae // 5 // mAuyaM narae kaMkhe jahAesaM va elae // 7 // 2. savvaM gaMthaM kalahaM ca vippajahe tahAvihaM bhikkhU / sanvesu kAmajAesu pAsamANo na lippaI tAI // 4 // samaNAnuege vadamAraNA pAraNavaha miyA prayANaMtA / maMdA nirayaM gacchati bAlA pAviyAhiM diTThIhi // 7 // na hu pANavahaM aNujANe succejja kayAi savva dukkhANaM / evAriehiM prakkhAyaM jehiM imo sAhudhammo pannatto pAraNe ya NAivAejjA se samIe tti vuccaI tAI / to se pAvayaM kammaM nijjAi udagaM va thAlAu / / 6 / / jaganissiehiM bhUehiM tasanAmehiM thAvarehiM ca / no tesimArabhe daMDaM maraNa sA vayasA kAyasA ceva // 10 //

Page #135
jaina dharma meM hiMsA adhyayana nava, gyAraha tathA bAraha meM krodha, mAna evaM pramAda Adi ko naraka kA kAraNa evaM zikSA prApta karane meM bAdhAsvarUpa batAyA gayA hai tathA hiMsA ko pApasaMcaya kA mUla srot| ataeva indriya-damana karanevAle loga Sar3akAya jIva kI hiMsA se vaMcita rahate haiN|' adhyayana aThAraha meM kaMpilapura ke rAjA tathA anagAra kI kahAnI prastuta kI gaI hai, jisameM aneka mRgoM kI hatyA karane vAlA rAjA anagAra ke sAmane natamastaka hokara khar3A hotA hai aura kSamA yAcanA karatA hai| taba anagAra nimnalikhita zabdoM meM rAjA ko upadeza detA hai : __ "he pArthiva ! tujhe abhaya hai| aba tU bhI abhaya dAtA bana / isa nAzavAn saMsAra meM, jIvoM kI hatyA meM kyA Asakta ho rahA hai|" arthAt jIvahiMsA na karane vAlA abhaya-dAtA ho jAtA hai| adhyayana unnIsa meM mAtA-pitA evaM putra-saMvAda meM mAtA-pitA ke dvArA kahA gayA hai ki mitra yA zatra jo bhI hoM jIvana paryanta unake sAtha samatA kA bhAva rakhanA tathA hiMsA se virata rahanA bahuta hI kaThina vyApAra hai| Age ke sUtroM meM yaha bhI milatA hai ki samatA kA nibhAnA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyakti mamatva, ahaMkAra, sarvasaMga Adi kA tyAga kara de yAnI sukha-duHkha, jIvanamaraNa sabako barAbara dekhe / 3 1. adhyayana 6, sUtra 54; adhyayana 11. sUtra 3,7; adhyayana 12, sUtra 14, 36.41. 2. sUtra 11. 3. samayA savvabhUesu sattumittesu vA jge| pANAivAyaviraI jAvajjIvAe dukkaraM / / 26 / / Nimmamo riNarahaMkAro NissaMgo cttgaarvo| samo ya savvabhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya // 6 // lAbhAlAbhe suhe dukkhe jIvie maraNe thaa| samo gidApasaMsAsu tahA mANAvamANo / / 615

Page #136
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 117 adhyayana bIsa yaha batAtA hai ki anagAra vahI hotA hai, jo kSamAvAna, damitendriya tathA nirAraMbhI hotA hai aura jo isa anagAra pravajyA ko dhAraNa kara letA hai vaha apane aura parAye sabhI para samAna bhAva rakhatA hai|" adhyayana ikkIsa meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ye pAMca mahAvrata haiM / ataH sabhI prANiyoM para dayA karane vAle, kaThoratApUrNa bAtoM ko sahanevAle, kSamAvAna, saMyamI, brahmacarya dhAraNa karanevAle, samAdhistha honevAle evaM indriyoM para apanA adhikAra rakhanevAle muni ko saba prakAra ke sAvadha yogoM ko tyAgakara vicaranA cAhie / adhyayana bAIsa meM rAjA ariSTanemi kI prasiddha kathA hai, jinake mana meM, apanI zAdI meM kATejAne ke lie ba~dhe hue aneka . pazuoM kI citkAra sunakara virAga paidA ho gyaa| unhoMne aisA socakara ki merI vajaha se itane pazuoM kA kATA jAnA mere lie paraloka meM bahuta hI ahitakara hogA, pazuoM ko bandhana se mukta karavA diyA aura svayaM munivrata ko dhAraNa kiyaa| unake muni banane kI khabara pAkara unakI honevAlI bhAryA kumArI rAjImatI bhI munivrata ko dhAraNa karake sAdhvI bana gaI / 3 adhyayana pacIsa meM jayaghoSa nAmaka eka anagAra aura vijayaghoSa nAmaka eka vaidika yAjJika meM hue vArtAlApa ko prastuta kiyA gayA 1. sUtra 31, 32, 35. 2. ahiMsa saccaM ca ateNagaM ca tatto ya baMbhaM apariggahaM ca / paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayAriNa, carijja dhamma jiNadesiyaM vidu // 12 / / savvehi bhUehiM dayANukaMpI khaMtikkhame saMjaya bNbhyaarii| sAvajja jogaM parivajjayaMto carijja bhikkhU susamAhi iMdie // 13 // 3. soUNa tassa vayaNaM bahupAriNaviNAsaNaM / / citei se mahApaNNe sANukkose jiehiu // 18 // jai majjha kAraNa ee hammati subahU jiyaa| na me eyaM tu NissesaM paraloge bhavissaI // 16 //

Page #137
118 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA hai, isameM vijayaghoSa ne 'yajJa' aura 'brAhmaNa' para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai "jo trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM ko saMkSepa yA vistAra se jAnakara trikaraNa-triyoga se hiMsA nahIM karatA, usI ko maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~ // 23 // " __"sabhI veda pazuoM ke badha ke lie haiM aura yajJa pApakarma kA hetu hai| ye veda aura yajJa, yajJakartA durAcArI kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakate kyoMki karma apanA phala dene meM balavAna hai // 30 // "" adhyayana chabbIsa meM 'pratilekhanA' kI vivecanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti pratilekhanA ke samaya pramAda karatA hai, vaha pRthvIkAya, aTakAya, tejasakAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya evaM trasakAya jIvoM kI virAdhanA karatA hai aura ThIka isake viparIta jo binA pramAda ke pratilekhanA karatA hai, vaha ina SaTkAyoM kI rakSA karanevAlA hotA hai| jahA~ taka bhojana-grahaNa karane yA tyAgane kI bAta hai, eka dhairyavAna sAdha yA sAdhvI ke lie 1. roga hone para, 2. upasarga Ane para, 3. brahmacarya rakSArtha, 4. prANiyoM kI dayA ke lie, 5. tapa karane ke lie tathA 6. zarIra se saMbaMdha chor3ane ke lie bhojana tyAga denA saMyama-ullaMghana nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| adhyayana unatIsa meM aparigraha ko prakAzita karate hae kahA gayA hai ki 'kSamA' karake jIva parISahoM para adhikAra pA jAtA hai| 1. sUtra 23, 30; sampUrNa adhyayana bhI dekheN| 2. puDhavI AukkAe teU vAU varaNassai tasANaM / paDilehaNApamatto chaNhaM pi virAho hoi // 30 / / puDhavI AukkAe teU vAU vassai tsaarnnN| paDilehaNA pAutto chaNhaM saMrakkho hoi // 31 / / 3. sUtra 35. 4. khaMtIe NaM bhaMte jIve kiM jaNayai? khaMtIe NaM parIsahe jiNeiN46||

Page #138
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 116 Age calakara kSamA ke Adi srota tathA isase (kSamA se) milanevAle phala ko phira nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai-- ___ "krodha para vijaya prApta karane kA kyA phala hai ? krodha se kSamA guNa kI prApti hotI hai, krodhajanya karmoM kA bandha nahIM hotA aura pUrvabaddha karma kSaya ho jAte haiN|" adhyayana battIsa meM rAga aura dveSa ko hiMsA kA kAraNa batAte hue yaha bhI dikhAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra alaga-alaga indriyoM kA hiMsA-ahiMsA se alaga-alaga sambandha hai| ____ A~khoM kA sambandha rUpa se hotA hai, isalie jo rUpa sundara hotA hai, vaha rAga paidA karatA hai aura jo rUpa sundara nahIM hai, vaha dveSa paidA karatA hai| ataH jo sarUpa yA kurUpa meM samabhAva rakhate haiM ve vItarAgI hote haiN| kintu jo rUpa (surUpa) kI AzA meM par3a jAtA hai vaha jIva trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai, unakI hiMsA karatA hai| kAnoM kA saMbaMdha zabda se hai ataeva priya zabda rAga aura apriya zabda dveSa ke kAraNa bana jAte haiN| zabda (priya zabda) kI AzA karanevAlA aneka jIvoM ko paritApa detA hai; unakI hiMsA karatA ghrANa kA viSaya gandha hai isalie sugandha se rAga aura durgandha se dveSa paidA hotA hai| vItarAgI donoM meM samatA kA bhAva rakhate haiN| 1. sUtra 67. 2. cakkhussa evaM gaharaNaM vayaMti taM rAgaheuM tu mnnunnmaahu| taM dosaheupramaNunnamAhuM samo ya jo tesu sa vIyarAgo // 22 // rUvANugAsANugae ya jIve carAcare hiMsai garUve / / cittehi te paritAvei bAle pIlei attaTTaguru kiliTTha // 27 // sahassa soyaM gahaNaM vayaMti soyassa sadaM gahaNaM vayaMti / rAgassa heuM samaNunnamAhu dosassa heu amaNunnamAhu // 36 // sahANugAsANugae ya jIve carAcare hiMsai garUve / cittehi te pariyAvei bAle pIleI prattaguru kiliTThe // 40 //

Page #139
120 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA jo sugandha ke vaza meM A jAtA hai vaha aneka trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| jIbha kA viSaya rasa hai, ataH priya rasa rAga aura apriya rasa dveSa ke kAraNa haiM; jo vItarAgI hai vaha donoM prakAra ke rasoM meM samatA kA bhAva rakhatA hai| kintu rasa ke vazIbhUta vyakti trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM ko pIr3A pahuMcAtA hai tathA unakI hiMsA karatA hai| zarIra kA grAhya viSaya sparza hai, isalie sukhadAyaka sparza rAga aura duHkhadAyaka sparza dveSa paidA karatA hai| jo vItarAgI haiM, ve donoM prakAra ke sparzoM ko barAbara samajhate haiN| lekina jo sukhada sparza kI AzA meM rahatA hai vaha aneka carAcara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| adhyayana cauMtIsa meM lezyA ke prakAroM tathA kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai-- ____ "pAMcoM AsravoM meM pravRtta, tIna guptiyoM meM agupta, chaH kAya kI hiMsA meM rata, tIvra Arambha vartanevAlA, kSudra, sAhasI, nirdaya, nRzaMsa, indriyoM ko khulI rakhanevAlA, durAcArI puruSa kRSNa lezyA ke pariNAma vAlA hotA hai|" ghANassa gaMdhaM gahaNaM vayaMti taM rAgahetu maNunnamAhu / taM dosaheuM mamaNunnamAhu samo ya jo tesu sa vIyarAgo // 48 // gaMdhANugAsANugae ya jIve carAcare hiMsai garUve / cittehi te paritAveI bAle pIlei prattadvaguru kiliDheM // 53 // jibbhAe rasaM gahaNaM vayaMti taM rAgaheu tu maNunnamAhu / taM dosaheuM amaNunnamAhu samo ya jo tesu sa vIyarAgo // 61 // rasANugAsANugae ya jIve carAcare hiMsai NegarUve / cittehi te paritAvei bAle pIlei attaguru kiliTThe // 66 // 3. phAsassa kAyaM gahaNaM vayaMti taM rAgahetu maNunnamAhu / taM dosahemaNunnamAhu samo ya jo tesu sa vIyarAgo // 74 / / 4. sUtra 21, 22.

Page #140
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 121 isake viparIta jo namra, capalatA rahita, niSkapaTa, vinIta, priyadharmI evaM hitaiSI jIva hai, vaha tejo lezyA ke pariNAma ko pAtA hai|' ___ adhyayana chattIsa meM kahA gayA hai ki mithyA darzana, hiMsA tathA nidAna meM anurakta jIva inhIM bhAvanAoM ke sAtha marakara durlabhabodhi hote haiM aura jo samyag-darzana, atizukla lezyA tathA nidAna rahita kArya karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha ina bhAvanAoM ke sAtha mara kara paraloka meM sulabha-bodhi hotA hai / Avazyaka : ___ jaina Agama ke mUlasUtroM meM Avazyaka sUtra kA bhI sthAna hai| isameM nitya karmoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle chaH Avazyaka kriyAnuSThAnoM ke vivecana haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, prati. kramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / yahI chaH isake adhyAya haiN| cUMki ye chaH kriyAnuSThAna Avazyaka samajhe gaye haiM, isa grantha kA nAma bhI Avazyaka sUtra rakhA gayA hai| isa grantha meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra vyakti dinabhara ke kie pApoM ko dina ke anta meM aura rAta meM kie hue pApoM ko rAta ke anta meM smaraNa kara duHkha prakaTa karatA hai aura sabhI jIvoM se kSamA mAMgakara phira Age una pApoM ko na duharAne kI pratijJA karatA hai / Avazyaka sUtra kA prathama adhyAya sAmAyika hai| 'rAga-dveSa rahita samabhAva ko sAmAyika kahate haiM / 3 1. sUtra 27, 28. 2. micchAdasaNarattA saNiyANA hu hiNsgaa| iya je maraMti jIvA tesiM puraNa dullahA bohI // 258 // sammaiMsaNarattA aNiyAraNA sukkalesamogADhA / iya je maraMti jIvA tesiM sulahA bhave bohI // 256 / / 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2, DA. jagadIzacandra jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 174. mAvazyakasUtra-hi0 anu0 amolaka RSi, pRSTha 7-6.

Page #141
122 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isakA cauthA adhyAya 'pratikramaNa' hai| pratikramaNa kahate haiM usa zubha sthiti yA gati ko jisameM pramAdavaza cyuta hokara pAyI huI gati se Upara uThakara vyakti AtA hai| arthAta apane pramAda aura apanI galatI kA use jJAna ho jAtA hai aura unheM vaha tyAganA cAhatA hai| isa adhyAya meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana pratikramaNa-vidhi para prakAza DAlate hue kiyA gayA hai| isake anta meM kahA hai khAmemi savva jIve savve jIvA khamaMtu me // maiM sabhI jIvoM ko kSamA karatA huuN| saba jIva mujhe bhI kSamA pradAna kreN| dazavakAlika : dazavakAlika jaina AgamoM ke mUlasUtroM meM hai| isameM dasa adhyAya haiM-drumapuSpita, zrAmaNyapUrvika, kSullikAcAra-kathA, SaDjIvanikAya, piNDaiSaNA ( jisameM do uddeza haiM), mahAcAra-kathA, vAkya zuddhi, AcArapraNidhi, vinayasamAdhi (jisameM cAra uddeza haiM ) tathA sabhikSa / isakA pATha vikAla yAnI sandhyA samaya kiyA jAtA hai, isalie ise dazavakAlika kahate haiN| isake kartA zayyaMbhava haiN| apane putra ko kama samaya meM hI zAstra kA jJAna karAne ke lie zayyaMbhava ne dazavakAlika ko racanA kI thii| dazavakAlika meM do calikAe~ bhI haiM-rativAkya tathA viviktacaryA, jinake racayitA zayyaMbhava nahIM mAne jAte / dazakAlika ke drumapuSpita nAmaka adhyAya meM dharma ko sabhI maMgaloM meM zreSTha kahA gayA hai| isa dharma ke tIna rUpa haiM -ahiMsA, saMyama tathA tp| isa dharma ke pAlana karane vAle sAdhu AhAra Adi kI gaveSaNA vaise hI karate haiM jaise bramara pUSpoM ko binA koI kaSTa die hue rasa kA pAna karate haiM / arthAt gaveSaNA ke kAraNa unake dvArA gRhasthoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM pahu~catA / ' 1. dhammo maMgalamukkiLaM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo..."||1|| jahA dumassa pupphesu, bhamaro bhAviyaha rsN....||2||

Page #142
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 123 zrAmaNya-pUrvika meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zrAmaNya kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi samadRSTi se vicarane vAle sAdhu kA mana pUrvabhukta viSaya ko yAda karake vicalita ho to use aisA socanA cAhie ki ve bhogya vastueM merI nahIM haiM aura na maiM hI unakA hU~ aura aisA socakara use rAga-dveSa se apane ko alaga kara lenA cAhie / " kSullikAcAra nAmaka adhyAya meM uddezika, krIta, nityapiNDa, rAtribhakta, snAna - hastapAdAdi 52 anAcIrNa batAe gae haiM, arthAt ve 52 karma sAdhuoM ke lie anAvaraNIya haiM / isI silasile meM kahA hai - - "ina 52 anAcIrNoM kA sevana nahIM karane vAle, hiMsAdi pAMcoM AzravoM ke tyAgI, manAdi tInoM guptiyoM se gupta, pRthivyAdi SaTkAya ke rakSaka, pA~coM indriyoM kA nigraha karane - vAle, bAIsa parISaha prApta hone para dhairya dhAraNa karanevAle, mAyA kapaTarUpa granthi rahita aura saMyama ko dekhanevAle hote hai / "2 SaTjIvanikAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki koI vyakti SaTkAyapRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasa - kAya kA na svayaM Arambha kare, na kisI se Arambha karavAye aura na Arambha karanevAle kA anumodana kare aura ise jIvana paryanta nibhAye // 3 emae samaraNAmuttA, je loe saMti sAhugo / vihaMgabhAva pupphesu, dAraNabhattesarayA ||3|| 1. samAi pehAe parivvayaMto, siyAmaraNo nissaraI bahiddhA / na sA mahaM no vi zrahaMpi tIse, icceva tAo viNaijja rAgaM // 4 // 2. paMcAsava parinnAyA, tiguttA chasu saMjayA / paMcaniggahaNAdhIrA, niggaMthA ujjudaMsiNo // 11 // 3. iccesi chaNhaM jIvanikAyAraNaM-neva sayaM daMDaM samArambhejjA, nevannehi daMDa samAraMbhejjA, daMDaM samAraMbhaMtevi annenasamaNujAgejjA, jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviraNaM maraNaM vAyAe kAeNaM na karemi, na kAravemi, karaMtaMpi annaM na samaNujAraNAmi, tassa bhaMte ! paDikkamAmi nidAmi garihAmi appANaM vosirAmi ||10|| ---

Page #143
124 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Age ina SaTkAyoM kI rakSA ke lie (ahiMsAdi) paMca mahAvrata kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|' - piNDaSaNA nAmaka adhyAya meM una vidhiyoM ko batAyA gayA hai, jinakA pAlana eka sAdhu ko usa samaya karanA cAhie jaba vaha gocarI ke lie jAtA hai / 2 mahAcArakathA meM sAdhuoM ke aThAraha sthAnoM ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai tathA ina sthAnoM meM prathama sthAna ahiMsA kA mAnA gayA hai| sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| ataeva ghora prANivadha hamezA tyAjya hai| cUMki sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, kisI bhI jIva kA jAne-anajAne ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie / bhASAzuddhi nAmaka adhyAya meM bhASA kI zuddhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zuddhi se matalaba yahAM para vyAkaraNa kI zuddhi nahIM balki bhAvazuddhi se hai| yAnI una zabdoM yA vAkyoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, jinake sunane se sunanevAloM ko kaSTa ho / satya hone para bhI jo bAta anya prANiyoM ko duHkha denevAlI ho use nahIM bolanA caahie| 1. sUtra 11-22. 2. puro jugamAyAe, pehamANo mahiMcare / vajjaMto bIya hariyAI, pANeya dagamaTTiyaM // 3 // provAyaM visamaM khANUM, vijjalaM parivajjae / saMkamaNa na gacchejjA, vijjamANe parakkame / / 4 // sUtra 5-8 bhI dekheN| simA ya samAe, gumviNI kaalmaasinnii| uTriyA vA nisIyajjA, nisanna vA puNuTThae // 40 / / taM bhave bhattapAraNaMtu, saMjayAraNa akappiyaM / / ditiyaM paDiyAikkhe, na me kappai tArisaM // 41 // thaNagaM pijjamANI, dAragaM vA kumAriyaM / taM nikkhivittu royaMtaM, AhAre pANabhoyaNaM // 42 / / 3. sUtra 8-11 aura sUtra 27-46. 4. sUtra 11.

Page #144
125 mahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya AcArapraNidhi nAmaka AThaveM adhyAya ke prArambha meM hI phira se kahA gayA hai ki jitane bhI kAya haiM yAnI SaTkAya, sabameM jIva haiN| ataH mana, vacana aura kAya se kabhI bhI inakI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie|' isa prakAra dazavaikAlikasUtra ke vibhinna adhyAyoM meM ahiMsA ke vivecana evaM vivaraNa, khAsataura se sAdhu ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita, milate haiN| pravacanasAra : pravacanasAra AcArya kundakunda kI eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / isameM tIna zrutaskandha haiM-1. jJAnAdhikAra jisameM AtmA aura jJAna kA ekatva aura anyatva tathA sarvajJatva kI siddhi, azubha, mohakSaya Adi kA vivecana hai, 2. jJeyAdhikAra jisameM dravya, guNa, paryAya Adi kI vyAkhyAe~ haiM aura 3. cAritrAdhikAra jisameM zramaNa kA svarUpa tathA muni ke lakSaNa Adi batAe gae haiN| isapara amRtacandrasUri aura jayasena ne saMskRta TIkAe~ likhI haiN| isameM saba milakara 275 gAthAe~ haiN| pravacanasAra ke prathama adhyAya jJAnAdhikAra meM muni ke lakSaNoM ko batAte hae kahA gayA hai ki muni jIvAdi nava padArthoM ko jAnanevAlA, apane aura para ke bheda ko acchI prakAra jAnanevAlA, zuddhopayogavAlA, pA~ca indriyoM aura mana kI icchA ko rokanevAlA, chaH kAya jIvoM kI hiMsA na karanevAlA aura aMtaraMga tathA bAhya bAraha prakAra ke tapa bala se dRr3ha hotA hai| 1. puDhavidagamagariNamAruya, taNarukkhasabIyagA / ' tasAya pAraNA jIvati, ii vRtta mahesiNA / / 2 / / tesi acchaNajoeNa, niccaM hoyavvayaM siyaa| masA kAya vakkeNaM, eva bhavai saMjae // 3 // 2. suvididapayatyasutto saMjamata vasaMjudo vigdraago| samaNo samasuhadukkho bhaNido suddhovanogo tti // 14 //

Page #145
126 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA dvitIya adhyAya jJeyatattvAdhikAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki jIva yadi apane yA dUsare ke prANoM kA ghAta karatA hai to use jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kA bandha prApta hotA hai| Age calakara azubhopayoga kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jIva azuddha caitanya ho, indriyaviSaya tathA krodhAdi se grasta ho, mithyA zAstra kA sunanevAlA ho, azubha dhyAna meM rata manavAlA tathA dUsaroM kI zikAyata karanevAlA, sAtha hI (ugra) hiMsAdi karane meM lIna aura vItarAga Adi ke patha ke viparIta (unmArga para) calanevAlA ho to nizcaya hI use azubhopayoga kI prApti hotI hai / tRtIya adhyAya cAritrAdhikAra meM dravyaliMga aura bhAvaliMga kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki paramANu mAtra ke parigraha se rahita, loMca karanevAle, hiMsA Adi pApoM se virata, zarIra kI sajAvaTa se vimukha munIzvara ko dravyaliMga hotA hai| isI adhyAya meM zrAmaNya para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki muni jo kucha bhI kare yatnapUrvaka kare tAki kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho| 1. pANAbAcaM jIvo mohapadesehiM kuNadi jIvANaM / jadi so havadi hi baMdho gANAvaraNAdikammehiM // 57 / / 2. visayakasAnogADho dussudiduccittaduTThagoThThijudo / uggo ummaggaparo uvamogo jassa so asuho // 66 / / 3. jadhajAdarUvajAdaM uppADidakesamaMsugaM suddh| rahidaM hiMsAdIdo appaDikamma havadi ligaM // 5 // adhivAse va vivAse chedavihUNo bhavIya saamnnnne| samaNo viharadu piccaM pariharamANo NibaMdhANi // 13 // apayattA vA cariyA sayaNAsapaThANacaMkamAdIsu / samaNassa savvakAle hiMsA sA saMtattiya tti madA // 16 // maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiNsaa| payadassa rAtthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samidassa // 17 // ayadAcAro samaNo chassu vi kAyesu vadhakaro ti mado / caradi jadaM jadi NiccaM kamalaM va jale ribharuvalevo // 18 //

Page #146
pahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya Age calakara muni kA AhAra, sevAvRtti tathA SaTkAyoM kI hiMsA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa taraha pravacanasAra apane vibhinna sUtroM meM zramaNa ke cAritra meM ahiMsA kA sthAna kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai yaha prastuta karatA hai| samayasAra: samayasAra ke baMdhAdhikAra meM kahA hai ki yadi koI vyakti tailAdi lagAkara dhUlivAlI jagaha meM khar3A hokara tAr3a vRkSa, kele kA vRkSa tathA bAMsa ke piMDa ko kATatA hai to use rajabaMdha hotA hai, lekina yadi tailAdi ke binA vahI AdamI astrazastra se vyAyAma karatA hai yA kele ke vakSa yA tAr3a ke vakSa Adi ko kATatA hai to use rajabandha nahIM lagatA kyoMki rajabandha to cikanAhaTa meM hotA hai jaise tela kI cikanAhaTa / 2 1. ekaM khalu taM bhatta appaDipuNNodaraM jhaalddh| caraNaM bhikSeNa divA Na rasAvekkhaM Na madhumaMsaM // 26 // samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuhadukkho psNsnnidsmo| samaloThukaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo // 41 // dasaNaNANacarittesu tIsu jugavaM samuTThido jo du| eyaggagado tti mado sAmaNNaM tassa paDipuNNaM // 42 // uvakuNadi jo vi piccaM cAduvvaNNassa samaNasaMghassa / kAyavirAdharaNarahidaM so vi sarAgappadhAraNo se // 46 // sUtra 50-51 bhI dekheN| jaha NAma kopi puriso aihabhatto du reNabahulammi / ThANammi ThAidUNa ya karei satthehiM vAyAmaM / / 237 / / cidadi bhidadi ya tahA taaliitlkylivNspiNddiiyo| sacittAcittANaM karei davANamuvaghAyaM // 238 / / . uvaghAyaM kuvvaMtassa tassa NANAvihehiM karaNehiM / gicchayado ciMtijjadu kiM paccayago d rayabaMdho // 23 // jo so du NehabhAvo tamhi Nare teNa tassa rybNdho| Nicchayado viNNeyaM Na kAyaceTThAhiM sesAhiM / / 240 / / evaM micchAdiTThI vaTTato bahuvihAsu ceTThAsu / rAyAI upabhoge kuvvaMto lippai rayeNa // 241 / / 2.

Page #147
128 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA phira kahA hai ki jo yaha mAnatA hai yA samajhatA hai ki maiM dUsare jIvoM ko mAratA hU~ athavA dUsare jIvoM ke dvArA maiM mArA jAtA hU~, to yaha usakA moha hai, ajJAna hai, jJAnI loga aisA nahIM samajhate / apanA Ayukarma kSINa hone para hI koI jIva maratA hai aura yaha Ayukarma eka jIva se dUsare jIva kA harA nahIM jA sakatA yA naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataeva yaha mAnanA ki eka jIva dUsare ko mAra detA hai, bilkula hI ajJAnatA hai| jo jIva yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM parajIvoM ko duHkhI athavA sukhI karatA haM to vaha moha aura ajJAna ke vazIbhUta hai| isa prakAra samayasAra meM karma kI pradhAnatA dikhAI gaI hai| niyamasAra: niyamasAra ke cauthe adhyAya vyavahAra-cAritra meM zarIradhArI, bIja Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke jIva kA ghAta karane yA kaSTa jaha puNa so ceva Naro gehe savvamhi pravariNa ye sante / reNu bahulammi ThANe karei satthehi vAyAmaM // 242 / / evaM sammAdiTThI vaTaito bahuvihesu jogesu / akarato uvanoge rAgAI Na lippai rayeNa // 246 / / 1. jo maNNadi hiMsAmi ya hiMsijjAmi ya parehiM sattahiM / so mUDho aNNANI gANI etto du vivarIdo // 247 / / AukkhayeNa maraNaM jIvANaM jiNavarehiM paNNattaM / pAuM Na haresi tumaM kaha te maraNaM kayaM tesi ||248 / / AukkhayeNa maraNaM jIvANaM jiNavarehiM paNNattaM / pAuM na haraMti tuha kaha te maraNaM kayaM tehiM / / 246 / / 2. jo appaNA du maNNadi duhidasuhide karemi satteti / so mUDho aNNANI gANI etto du vivarIdo // 253 / /

Page #148
pahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 129 pahuMcAne se virata honA arthAt ahiMsA ko prathama vrata batAyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM samitiyoM tathA guptiyoM ke bhI vivecana milate haiN|' adhyAya ATha prAyazcitta meM upadeza diyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha krodha ko kSamA se, mAna ko vinamratA se, dhokhe ko sIdhepana se tathA lobha ko santoSa se jiite|| adhyAya nau paramasamAdhi meM paramasamAdhistha ke lakSaNa ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA semanasA, vAcA, karmaNA-virata hai aura apanI indriyoM para niyaMtraNa 1. kula joNijIvamaggaNa-ThANAisu jANaUNa jIvANaM / tassAraMbhaNiyattaNa-pariNAmo hoi paDhamavadaM / / 56 // gAthA 57 bhI dekheN| pAsugamaggeNa divA avalogaMto jugappamANaM hi / gacchA purado samaNo iriyAsamidI have tassa // 6 // pesuNNahAsakakka saparaNiMdappappasaMsiyaM vayaNaM / paricittA saparahidaM bhAsAsamidI vadaMtassa // 62 / / kadakAridANumodaNarahiMdaM taha pAsugaM pasatthaM ca / diNNaM pareNa bhatta samabhuttI esaNAsamidI / / 63 / / potthaikamaMDalAi gahaNavisaggesu pytprinnaamo| pAdAvaNaNikkhevaNasamidI hodi tti NiddiTThA / / 64 / / pAsugabhUmipadese gUDhe rahie paroparoheNa / uccArAdiccAgo paiTThA samidI have tassa // 65 // baMdhaNachedaNamAraNAkuMcaNa taha pasAraNAdIyA / kAyakiriyANiyattI NiddiTThA kAyagutti tti // 68 // kAyakAriyANiyattI kAussaggo sarIrage guttI / hiMsAiNiyattI vA sarIragutti ti NihiTThA / / 70 // kohaM samayA mANaM samaddaveNajjaveNa mAyaM ca / saMtoseNa ya lohaM jayadi khue cahuvihakasAe // 11 //

Page #149
130 jaina dharma meM hiMsA rakhatA hai, vaha paramasamAdhistha hai| jo sabhI cara-acara jIvoM ko samAna dekhatA hai, vahI paramasamAdhistha hai|' isa prakAra niyamasAra meM samiti, gapti tathA paramasamAdhi ke saMbaMdha meM niyama nirdhArita karate samaya sarvadA hiMsA ko tyAjya tathA ahiMsA ko muktidAyaka, parama sukhadAyaka tathA grAhya batAyA gayA hai| puruSArthasiddhaya pAya : ise 'jinapravacanarahasya-koza' evaM 'zrAvakAcAra' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isameM prApta padyoM kI saMkhyA 226 hai aura isake racayitA amRta candrasUri haiN| isa pustaka meM 'puruSa' arthAt AtmA ke uddezya kI siddhi ke sAdhanoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isIlie isakA nAma 'puruSArthasiddhaya pAya' rakhA gayA hai| isake samyakacAritra vyAkhyAna meM hiMsA kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAga sakalacAritra aura eka deza kA tyAga dezacAritra kahA jAtA hai / 2 sakalacAritra kA pAlana karanevAlA muni aura dezacAritra kA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka samajhA jAtA hai| hiMsA, anRta, steya, abrahmacarya, parigraha-ye pA~ca pApa hiMsA ke garbha meM hI pAe jAte haiM / hiMsA ke do prakAra haiM : Atma-ghAta yAnI sva-hiMsA aura para-ghAta 1. viradI savvasAvajje tiguttiipihididiyo| tassa sAmAigaM ThAi idi kevalisAsaNe / / 125 // jo samo savvabhUdesu thAvaresu tasesu vA / tassa sAmAigaM ThAI idi kevalisAsaNe // 126 / / hiMsAto'nRtavacanAtsteyAdabrahmataH parigrahataH / kAtsnye kadezaviratezcAritraM jAyate dvividham / / 40 / / 3. nirataH kAtsnyanivRttI bhavati yati: samayasArabhUto'yaM / yA tvekadezaviratiniratastasyAmupAsako bhavati // 41 / / 4. prAtmapariNAmahiMsanahetutvAtsarvameva hiMsaitat / anatavacanAdi kevalasudAhRtaM ziSyabodhAya // 42 //

Page #150
zrahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 131 yAnI para-hiMsA / " kaSAya se hiMsA hotI hai / kaSAya pahale mana meM jAgrata hotA hai jisase AtmA kA yAnI apanA ghAta hotA hai yadyapi bAda meM para ghAta yAnI para hiMsA hotI hai / rAga, dveSa sabase pahale kisI ke mana meM AtA hai phira usake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha kisI dUsare ko kaSTa detA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki para-hiMsA karane ke pahale vaha apanA ghAta kara letA hai / phira vyakti para - hiMsA karatA hai / hiMsA kA vicAra mana meM lAte hI usake phala kA bhAgI ho jAtA hai bhale hI vaha samaya yA paristhiti ke kAraNa vaisA soce hue ke anusAra kara sake yA nahIM | yadi koI vyakti kisI ko kaSTa denA cAhatA ho kintu upakrama karane ke bAda kaSTa ke badale saMyogavaza use sukha mila jAtA hai to bhI koziza karane - vAlA hiMsA ke phala kA hI bhAgI hogA / 3 hiMsA ko tyAgane - vAle ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha yatnapUrvaka madya, mAMsa, zahada aura Umara, kaThUmara, pipala, bar3a, pAkara ke phala kA tyAga kareM, kyoMki inase hiMsA kA bhAva mana meM jagatA hai / 5 isI taraha hiMsA ke phala Adi ke vivecana milate haiM / mUlAcAra : mUlAcAra ke karttA vaTTakerAcArya haiM / isake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM koI nizcita jAnakArI nahIM hotI, phira bhI isakI racanAzailI ke AdhAra para ise bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke samakAlIna mAnA jAtA hai / 1. yasmAtsakaSAya: san hantyAtmA prathamamAtmanAtmAnam / pazcAjjAyeta na vA hiMsA prANyantarANAM tu // 47 // 2. avidhAyApi hi hiMsA hiMsAphalabhAjanaM bhavatyekaH / kRtvApyaparo hisAM hisAphalabhAjanaM na syAt // 51 // 3. hiMsAphalamaparasya tu dadAtyahiMsA tu pariNAme / itarasya punahiMsA dizayahasAphalaM nAnyat // 57 // 4. madyaM mohayati mano mohitacittastu vismarati dharmam / vismRtadharmA jIvo hiMsAmavizaGkamAcarati / / 62 // 5. zloka 63-108.

Page #151
jaina dharma meM hiMsA isake mUla guNAdhikAra meM hiMsA tyAga, satya Adi pA~ca mahAvratoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki kAya, indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, kula, Ayu, yoni ina sabhI meM prANiyoM ko jAnate hue kAyotsarga Adi karmoM meM hiMsA ko tyAganA hI ahiMsA mahAvrata hai / ' isake alAvA samiti aura Avazyaka karma bhI isa adhikAra meM varNita haiM / . 132 bRhatpratyAkhyAna adhikAra meM sAmAyika ke lie pratyAkhyAnavidhi batAte hue pratyAkhyAna karanevAle ke mukha se kahalAyA gayA hai jo kucha merI pApakriyA hai, usa sabako mana, vacana, kAya se maiM tyAga karatA hU~ aura samatAbhAvarUpa nirvikala nirdoSa saba sAmAyika ko mana, vacana, kAya va kRtakAritaanumodita se karatA hU~ / jIvaghAtarUpa hiMsA, jhUTha vacana, adattAdAna ( corI ) - ina sabhI pApoM ko maiM chor3atA hU~ / zatru mitra Adi saba prANiyoM meM merI tarapha se samabhAva hai, kisI se vaira nahIM hai / isalie saba tRSNAoM ko chor3akara maiM samAdhibhAva ko aMgIkAra karatA hU~, maiM krodhAdi bhAva chor3a zubha - azubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNarUpa saba jIvoM ke Upara kSamAbhAva karatA hU~ aura sabhI jIva mere Upara kSamAbhAva kreN| merA saba prANiyoM para maitrIbhAva hai, kisI se merA vairabhAva nahIM hai / saMkSepa pratyAkhyAnAdhikAra meM bhI sAmAyika karane kAle ke pratyAkhyAna - vacana prastuta kie gae haiM / 3 samAcArAdhikAra meM 'samAcAra' ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai / rAgadveSa se rahita jo samatA kA bhAva hai, vahI samAcAra hai, yA aticArarahita jo mUlaguNoM kA anuSThAna hai yA samasta muniyoM kA 1. gA0 4, 5, 17. 2. mUlAcAra - saM0 paM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, pRSTha 18 - 20, 27. 3. gA0 110.

Page #152
133 ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya samAna tathA hiMsArahita jo AcaraNa hai yA sabhI kSetroM meM hAni-lAbha rahita kAyotsargAdi ke pariNAmarUpa jo AcaraNa hai, vahI samAcAra hai|' Age AryakAyoM ke gaNadharoM kI vizeSatA dikhAte hue kahA hai ki unheM priyadharma yA kSamAdharma ko apanAnevAlA honA caahie| paMcAcArAdhikAra meM samyagdarzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra ke kRta, kArita evaM anumodita aticAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| __mUlAcAra ke paMcama adhikAra meM vaidikadharma kI AlocanA kI gaI hai, kyoMki isameM yajJAdi karmoM meM pazuoM kI bali dekara hiMsA kI jAtI hai aura isa hiMsA ko bhI dharma kA aMza mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AlocanA cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-1. laukika mUr3hatAcANakyanIti, cArvAka ke upadeza tathA yajJAdi meM hiMsA ko dharma mAnanA Adi, 2. vaidika mUr3hatA-Rgveda, sAmaveda, manusmRti Adi ko mAnakara agni-homa Adi karanA, 3. sAmAyika mar3hatA-bauddha (yadyapi yaha vaidika dharma se bhinna hai), naiyAyika, vaizeSika, jaTAdhArI, sAMkhya, zaiva, pAzupata, kApAlika Adi ko mAnanA tathA 4. deva mar3hatA-brahmA, viSNu, mahAdeva Adi meM devatva mAnanA / isameM samiti, eSaNA, gupti, bhAvanAe~, rAtri-bhojana Adi ke bhI varNana haiN| itanA hI nahIM, yaha adhikAra ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA dete hue kahatA hai ki hiMsA ke doSa se rahita yadi koI ayogya vacana bhI hai, to vaha bhAvasatya samajhA jaayegaa| aura anta meM phira eka bAra yaha SaTkAyoM kI rakSA ke lie prerita karatA hai| 1. gA0 123. 2. gA0 183. 3. gA0 206, 207, 208, 238, 236.. 4. gA0 257-260, 262-64. 5. gA. 288, 286, 265, 300, 304, 305, 318-326, 331, 338, 353, 383. 6. gA0 313. 7. gA0 16, 17.

Page #153
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA piNDa zuddhi adhikAra meM muniyoM ke AhAra-saMbaMdho 46 doSa ullikhita haiN|' SaDAvazyakAdhikAra meM chaH AvazyakoM ke varNana haiN| isake anu. sAra jo sAdhu sabhI samaya mokSa prApti kI kAmanA se mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai tathA sabhI jIvoM meM samatA kA bhAva rakhatA hai vaha sarvasAdhu hai / 2 Age sAmAyika kA vistAra karate hue kahA hai-'saba kAmoM meM rAga-dveSa chor3akara samabhAva va dvAdazAMga sUtroM meM zraddhAna honA use tuma uttama sAmAyika jaano|' dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra meM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma, bodhi-ina anuprekSAoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| rAga aura dveSa kI bhartsanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki rAga se azubha evaM malina, ghinAvanI vastuoM meM anurAga hotA hai aura moha jIva ko bAdhya karatA hai ki vaha apanA asalI rUpa bhUla jaaye| rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi Asrava haiM jinase karma Ate haiN| ye kumArgoM para prerita karanevAlI ati balavAna zaktiyA~ haiN| isake alAvA yaha adhikAra kahatA hai ki saba jIvoM ke hitakArI tathA tIrthaMkara dvArA upadezita dharma ko mAnanevAlA puNyavAna hotA hai; kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, tapa Adi muni ke dharma hote haiM; zAMti, dayA, kSamA, vairAgya Adi jaisejaise bar3hate haiM, jIva vaise-vaise mokSa ke nikaTa bar3hatA jAtA hai|" anagArabhAvAdhikAra meM liMgazuddhi, vratazuddhi, vasatizuddhi, vihArazuddhi, bhikSAzuddhi, jJAnazuddhi, ujjhanazuddhi, vAkyazuddhi aura dhyAnazuddhi ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ina zuddhiyoM 1. adhi. 6, gA0 424, 441, 466. gAthAeM 470-471 bhI dekheN| 2. adhi0 7, gA0 512. 3, adhi0 7, gAthA 523 tathA 518 se 534 taka dekheN| 4. adhi08, gA0 728, 726, 731 tathA 757. 5. adhi08, gA0 750; pra08, gAthAeM 752 tathA 753 bho dekheN|

Page #154
pahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 135 ko dhAraNa karane vAloM ke sabhI pApa miTa jAte haiN| jo sacce sAdhu yA anagAra yA muni hote haiM ve ahiMsA, satya Adi pAMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM tathA hiMsA, asatya Adi ko chor3ate haiN| ve svayaM saba kucha sahate haiM tathA anya sabhI prANiyoM ko sava taraha se bacAte haiN|' samayasArAdhikAra meM zAstroM kA sAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| muni ke lie kahA gayA hai ki yadi vaha samyak cAritra pAlanA cAhatA hai to vaha bhikSATana karake bhojana kare, vana meM raha duHkha ko sahe, maitrIbhAva kA citavana kre| sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka hai ki mayUrapichI rakhe kyoMki atyanta choTe dvIndriya, jIva Adi cakSu se dikhAI nahIM par3ate, ataH apanI upayogI jagahoM ko vaha mayUrapichI se sApha kara sakatA hai| sAdhu cAritra ko bhaMga nahIM karatA, vyavahArazuddhi ke nimitta prAyazcitta karatA hai, vaha ahiMsAdi vratoM ko kabhI nahIM chodd'taa| sAdhu ke lie krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi ke kAraNa hue parigraha se dUra rahane kA vidhAna hai| use pRthvIkAya Adi SaTkAyoM kI rakSA karanI caahie| isake viparIta jo sAdhu ahiMsAdi mUla guNoM ko chedakara vakSamUlAdi yogoM ko grahaNa karatA hai usake karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotA / sa-sthAvara jIvoM ko mArakara apanI zakti bar3hAnevAle sAdhu ko naraka gati milatI hai| yadi eka yA do hariNoM ko mArane se siMha nIca-pApI samajhA jA sakatA hai to aneka jIvoM ko apane adhaH karmoM se nAza karanevAlA sAdhu to mahApatita hI samajhA jAnA caahie| jo sAdhu SaTkAyoM kI hiMsA karake adha: 1. adhi0 6, gA0 766, 770, 776, 780, 801-804, 853, 856 tathA 867-871. 2. gA0 865, 611; gAthAeM 612-614 aura 666 tathA 1007-1012 bhI dekheN|

Page #155
136 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA karma se bhojana karatA hai, vaha jihvA ke vaza honevAlA muni nahIM balki zrAvaka hai|' __zIlaguNAdhikAra meM guNa ke bhedarUpa 18 hajAra zIla batAe gae haiN|2 uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi muni ke dazadharma haiM aura jo muni mana karaNa se rahita, zuddha bhASA sahita, pRthvIkAyasaMyamasahita, kSamA gaNa yukta tathA zuddha cAritravAle haiM unakA pahalA zIla manoyoga sthira rahatA hai| hiMsAdiatikrama, kAyavirAdhanA, AlocanAzuddhi inake krama se guNA karane para guNoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha hotI hai / tathA "hiMsA se rahita, atikramaNadoSa karane se rahita, pathivI. kAya tathA pRthivIkAyika kI pIr3A-virAdhanA se rahita, strI kI saMgati se rahita, AkaMpita doSa ke karane se rahita, Alocana kI zuddhi se yukta saMyamI, dhIra, vIra muni ke pahilA guNa ahiMsA hotA hai| paryApti adhikAra-antima adhikAra meM saMjJA, lakSaNa, svAmitva, saMkhyAparimANa, nirvati aura sthitikAla-paryApti ke ina chaH bhedoM ke varNana haiN| ratnakaraNDa-upAsakAdhyayana : isake prathama adhyayana meM 'devatAmUr3ha' ko pAribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti vara pAne kI icchA se AzAtRSNA ke vaza tathA rAgadveSa se dUSita hokara devatAoM kI pUjA-ArAdhanA karatA hai vaha 'devatAmUDha' hai| jo hiMsAyukta sAMsArika vyavahAroM meM lIna aura Adara-satkAroM ke pIche par3e hue haiM ve 'pASaNDimUr3ha' haiN| kintu jo samyagdarzana se zuddha haiM ve avatI hote 1. adhi0 10, gA0 618-621, 625, 627, 657. 2. adhi0 11, gA0 1016, 1017. 3. adhi0 11, gA0 1020-1023 tathA 1032, 1033.

Page #156
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 137 hote hue yAnI ahiMsA divrata na karate hue bhI naraka-tiryaJca Adi gati ko prApta nahIM krte|' ___ tRtIya adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba moha rUpI andhakAra dUra ho jAtA hai, taba samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna ke prakAza meM sAdhu rAga-dveSa kI nivatti ke lie 'caraNa' yAnI ahiMsAdi samyakacAritra ko apanAtA hai, kyoMki rAgadveSa kI nivRtti hiMsA Adi kI nivartanA se hotI hai, aura hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna tathA parigraha rUpI pApoM ko tyAganA hI samyakcAritra hotA hai| Age isa adhyayana meM aNuvrata ke lakSaNoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM yaha adhyayana ahiMsA vrata ko pAlanevAle kucha prasiddha logoM ke nAma bhI prastuta karatA hai, jaise-mAtaMga, dhanadeva, vAriSeNa, nIlI, jaya, dhanazrI, satyaghoSa, tApasa, ArakSaka, zmazrunavanIta Adi / caturtha adhyayana bhI ahiMsAdi pAMca mahAvratoM ke lakSaNa batAtA huA digvata tathA usake aticAra para prakAza DAlatA hai|" paMcama adhyayana meM dezAvakAzikavrata, sAmAyikavata, proSadhopavAsa Adi ke vidhAnoM kI carcA huI hai| samaya kI muktiparyanta jo 1. varopalipsayA''zAvAn rAga-dveSamalImasAH / devatA yadupAsIta devatAmUr3hamucyate // 23 // sagranthA''rambha-hiMsAnAM saMsArA''varta-vartinAm / pASaNDinAM puraskAro jJeyaM pASaNDi-mohanam // 24 // samyagdarzanazuddhA nAraka-tiyaMGa-napuMsaka-strItvAni / duSkula-vikRtA'lpAyudaridratAM ca vrajanti nA'pyatikAH // 35 // 2. kArikA 47-46. 3. kArikA 52-54. 4. mAtaMgo dhanadevazca vAriSeNastataH paraH / nIlI jayazca samprAptAH pUjA'tizayamuttamam / / 64 // dhanazrI-satyaghoSau ca tApasA''rakSakAvapi / upAkhyeyAstathAzmazrunavanIto yathAkramam / / 65 / / 5. kArikA 72, 74-81, 84.

Page #157
138 jaina dharma meM zrahiMsA sabhI jagahoM para hiMsA, asatya Adi pA~ca prakAra ke pApoM kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha sAmAyika vrata kA pAlana karanevAlA hotA hai / yaha sAmAyikavrata ahiMsAdi vratoM ke paripUraka haiM, ataH gRhasthoM ko nitya isakI rAha para Age bar3hanA cAhie | sAmAyika kI avasthA meM gRhastha bhI muni kI taraha hI hotA hai / " proSadhopavAsa vratavAle ko upavAsa ke dina hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM ko, vastrAlaMkaraNa Adi zarIra-sajAvaTa ko, kRSyAdi karmoM ko tyAga denA cAhie | SaSTha adhyayana meM sallekhanA - vidhi batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki sallekhanA vrata ko karanevAlA vyakti sneha, vaira, saMga tathA parigraha ko tyAgakara nirmala mana se svajanoM tathA parijanoM ko komala vANI meM unase kI gaI galatiyoM ke lie kSamA kare tathA apane aparAdhoM ke lie bhI una logoM se kSamA yAcanA kre| sAtha hI kie, karavAe tathA anumodita pApoM kI AlocanA karate hue jIvana paryanta pA~ca mahAvratoM ko pAlane kI pratijJA kare | 3 saptama adhyayana ke anusAra jo zrAvaka mUla, phala, zAka, zAkhA, karIra, kanda aura bIja ko kacce nahIM khAtA hai, vaha sacittavirata hotA hai / jo zrAvaka rAta meM anna yA anna se banI huI bhojya vastueM, khAdya ( khAne yogya dUsarI vastue~ ), lehya, caTanI, zarbata Adi grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha dayAbhAvayukta 'rAtribhuktavirata' yAnI chaThe pada kA dhAraka hotA hai / jo zrAvaka prANapIr3A ke kAraNarUpa sevA, kRSi, vANijya tathA ArambhAdi se alaga hai, vaha "ArambhatyAgI" zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ratnakaraNDa - upAsakAdhyayana ( ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ) meM zrAvakoM ke lie sabhI dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke vivecana milate haiM / 1. kArikA 67, 101, 102. 2. kArikA 107. 3. kArikA 124, 125. 4. kArikA 141, 142, 144.

Page #158
ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya 136 isa prakAra jaina dharma meM ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI sAmagrI prAyaH inhIM granthoM meM milatI hai, aura inhIM granthoM ko dArzanika yA dhArmika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa bhI samajhA gayA hai| vaise ina granthoM ke alAvA bhI anya grantha haiM, jinameM hiMsA-ahiMsA kA vivecana huA hai / kintu sAmAnyataura se yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki anya granthoM ne isa adhyAya meM prastuta granthoM meM prApta siddhAntoM ko hI duharAyA hai athavA kucha ghaTAyA bar3hAyA hai /

Page #159
tRtIya adhyAya jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA jisa prakAra sAmAnya dRSTi se ahiMsA ko samajhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka samajhA jAtA hai ki pahale isakA jJAna kiyA jAe ki hiMsA kyA hotI hai, aura jaba hiMsA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai to svataH ahiMsA kA svarUpa bhI sAmane A jAtA hai| usI prakAra jaina dRSTikoNa se bhI ahiMsA para prakAza DAlane ke lie yaha Avazyaka. sA mAlUma hotA hai ki pahase jaina dRSTi se hiMsA ko samajhane kA hI prayAsa kiyA jaae| hiMsA kI paribhASA: __ tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne hiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai "pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hisA"" arthAt pramAdavaza jo prANaghAta hotA hai, vahI hiMsA hai| yahA~ prazna uTha sakatA hai ki prANa kyA hai ? jIva jaba prANa dhAraNa karatA hai taba prANI kahalAtA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva Abhyantara zvAsocchavAsa tathA bAhya zvAsocchavAsa lene ke kAraNa prANa kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki isake anusAra jIva ke chaH nAma haiM (prANa, bhUta, jIva, sattva Adi ) jo vibhinna saMdarbho meM prayukta hote haiN| kAlabheda kI dRSTi se prANa ko yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai-samaya kAla kA vaha choTA aMza hotA hai jisase Age kAla kA koI vibhAjana nahIM ho sktaa| asaMkhya samaya ke milane se eka AvalikA banatI hai| 3773 AvalikAoM kA eka zvAsa hotA hai aura itanI hI AvalikAoM kA eka niHzvAsa 1. tatvArthasUtra-umAsvAti, adhyAya 7, sUtra 8.

Page #160
141 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA athavA ucchavAsa / eka zvAsa tathA niHzvAsa milakara yAnI 7546 AvalikAoM kA eka prANa hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha gaNanA ghar3I taka jAtI hai| isa taraha prANa ko vibhinna rUpoM meM samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataura se itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa zakti me hama jIva ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIvita dekhate haiM vaha zakti prANa hai, jisake abhAva meM koI bhI zarIra gatihIna ho jAtA hai| yaha zarIradhArI jIva kI bhinna-bhinna zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| isI vajaha se prANa ke dasa bheda kie gae haiM: 1. sparzanendriya bala prANa, 2. rasanendriya bala prANa, 3. ghrANendriya bala prANa, 4. cakSurindriya bala prANa, 5. zrotrendriya bala prANa, 6. kAya bala prANa, 7 vacana bala prANa, 8. mana bala prANa, 6. zvAsocchavAsa bala prANa, 10. AyuSya bala prANa / parantu sabhI jIvoM meM prANa barAbara nahIM hote| ekendriya jIva cAra prANoM kA dhAraka hotA hai-sparzanendriya, kAya, zvAsocchavAsa tathA AyuSya; dvIndriya meM chaH prANa pAe jAte haiM-uparyukta cAra aura do-rasanendriya tathA vacana; trIndriya meM sAta-pUrvokta chaH tathA ghrANendriya ; caturindriya meM AThapUrvokta sAta evaM cakSurindriya; asaMjJI paMcendriya meM nau-pUrvokta ATha aura zrotrendriya kA aura saMjJI paMcendriya meM dasa prANa hote haiMinameM pUrvokta nau ke alAvA manobala bhI hotA hai| prANa ke do rUpa hote haiM-bhAvaprANa aura dravyaprANa, jaise zrotrendriya kA jo bAharI rUpa hotA hai vaha dravyaprANa hai aura sunane kI zakti hai vaha bhAvaprANa hai| jIva ke uparyukta kisI bhI prANa kA ghAta karanA hiMsA hai| yadi koI prANa ke dravya rUpa kA ghAta karatA hai athavA bhAva rUpa kA ghAta, donoM hiMsA ke kSetra meM hI aayeNge| isalie ahiMsA kI paribhASA uparyukta tarIke se kI gaI hai| isa paribhASA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hiMsA meM sarvaprathama mana kA vyApAra hotA hai, phira vacana aura kAya kaa| kyoMki pramAda ke vaza meM hae vyakti ke mana meM pratizodha kI bhAvanA jagatI hai, jo hiMsA karane ke uddezya ko janma detI hai, phira vaha kaSTadAyaka vacana kA prayoga karatA hai aura yadi isase bhI Age bar3hatA hai to usa jIva kA prANaghAta karatA hai, jisake prati usake mana meM pramAda jAgrata huA rahatA hai| isI ko amRtacandrAcArya ne kahA hai

Page #161
142 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA yatkhalukaSAyayogAtprANAnAM dravyabhAvarUpANAm / vyaparopaNasya karaNaM sunizcitA bhavati sA hiMsA / / ise zrI nAthUrAma premI nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa karate haiM : "jisa puruSa ke mana meM, vacana meM va kAya meM krodhAdika kaSAya prakaTa hote haiM, usake zuddhopayogarUpa bhAvaprANoM kA ghAta to pahile hotA hai kyoMki, kaSAya ke prAdurbhAva se bhAvaprANa kA vyaparopaNa hotA hai, yaha prathama hiMsA hai, pazcAt yadi kaSAya kI tIvratA se, dIrgha zvAsocchvAsa se, hastapAdAdika se vaha apane aMga ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai athavA AtmaghAta kara letA hai to usake dravya prANoM kA vyaparopaNa hotA hai, yaha dUsarI hiMsA hai| phira usake kahe hue marmabhedI kuvacanAdikoM se va hAsyAdi se lakSyapuruSa ke antaraMga meM pIr3A hokara usake bhAvaprANoM kA vyaparopaNa hotA hai, yaha tIsarI hiMsA hai| aura anta meM isake tIvrakaSAya va pramAda se lakSyapuruSa ko zArIrika aMgachedana Adi pIr3A pahu~cAyI jAtI hai so paradravyaprANa-vyaparopaNa hotA hai, yaha cauthI hiMsA hai| sArAMza-kaSAya se apane-para ke bhAvaprANa va dravyaprANa kA ghAta karanA yaha hiMsA kA lakSaNa hai|" hiMsA kA svarUpa : ____ ina paribhASAoM se yaha sApha jAhira hotA hai ki hiMsA ke do rUpa hote haiM-bhAvahiMsA aura drvyaahiNsaa| mana meM kaSAya kA jAgrata honA bhAvahiMsA hai aura mana ke bhAva ko vacana aura kriyA kA rUpa denA dravyahiMsA kahalAtI hai| ina donoM ke cAra vikalpa mAne gaye haiM / dazavaikAlikacUNi meM kahA gayA hai ___ "sA ya maNavayaNakAehiM joehiM duppauttehiM jaM pANavavarovaNaM kajjai sA hiMsA, tattha bhaMgA cattAri-davvatovi egA hiMsA bhAvaovi, egA hiMsA davvao na bhAvao, egA bhAvao na davvao, aNNA Na davvao na bhAvao,.........." 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya-anu0 nAthUrAma premI, pRSTha 31, sUtra 43. 2. dazakAlikacUNi-jinadAsagaNi, prathama adhyayana, pR0 20.

Page #162
jana dRSTi se pahisA 143 arthAt mana, vacana, kAya ke duSprayoga se jo prANahanana hotA hai, vahI hiMsA hai| isake cAra bhaMga haiM-- 1. bhAvarUpa meM aura dravyarUpa meM, 2. bhAvarUpa meM para dravyarUpa meM nahIM, 3. bhAvarUpa meM nahIM kintu dravyarUpa meM aura 4. na bhAvarUpa meM aura na dravyarUpa meN| jaise koI vyakti sarpa ko mArane ke uddezya se DaMDA letA hai aura sarpa ko mAra DAlatA hai, yaha hiMsA ke bhAvarUpa aura dravyarUpa he| kyoMki yahA~ para mAranevAle ke mana meM sarpa ko mArane kA bhAva AyA aura usane use DaMDe se mAra bhI DAlA / yadi vyakti ne sarpa ko mArane ke lie DaMDA uThAyA aura sAMpa bhAga gayA arthAta sarpa kA prANaghAta vaha nahIM kara pAyA, to aisI sthiti meM bhAvahiMsA to huI kintu dravya hiMsA nahIM huii| saMyogavaza yadi eka vyakti puAla se anna ko alaga karane ke lie kaTe hue dhAna ke paudhoM ko pITa rahA ho aura usa pITane ke silasile meM paudhoM ke nIce baiThA haA sarpa anajAne coTa khAkara mara jAye to yahA~ para bhAvahiMsA nahIM kintu dravyahiMsA huii| dhAna pITanevAle vyakti ke mana meM sarpa ko mArane kI koI bhI bhAvanA nahIM thii| lekina kisI sarpa ko dekhakara yadi eka vyakti yaha socakara ki yaha bhI eka jIva hai, jo svacchanda vicara rahA hai, na use mArane ko socatA hai aura na mAratA hI hai to yahA~ na bhAvahiMsA huI aura na dravyahiMsA hii| pravacanasAra meM hemarAja pAMDeya ne isake adhyAya 3 gAthA 16 kI vyAkhyA karate hue hiMsA ke do rUpa-aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga batAye haiN| jJAnaprANa kA ghAta karanevAlI azuddhopayoga rUpa pravRtti aMtaraMga hiMsA hai aura bAhya jIva kA ghAta karanevAlI bahiraMga hiMsA hai| sUtrakRtAMga, upAsakadazAMga Adi meM hiMsA kI paribhASA nahIM milatI kintu ahiMsA-sambandhI jo carcAeM huI haiM, unase yaha mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki hiMsA ke kauna-kauna se rUpa hote haiM / sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama khaNDa meM hiMsA kA niSedha karate hue "tiviheNa"

Page #163
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA zabda kA prayoga huA hai|' "tiviheNa"-trividhana yAnI tIna vidhiyoM se hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| sAmAnya taura se vyAkhyAkAroM ne ina tIna vidhiyoM ko mana, vacana aura kAya mAnA hai| upAsakadazAMga meM-manasA, vacasA, kAyasA kA spaSTa hI prayoga huA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya se hiMsA kA niSedha karanA yaha sAbita karatA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAya se hiMsA hotI hai, arthAt hiMsA ke bhAva rUpa aura dravya rUpa hote haiN| kucha jaina vicArakoM ne hiMsA ko dUsarI taraha se bhI vibhAjita kiyA hai tathA cAra rUpa dikhAye haiM 1. saMkalpI-soca-vicAra kara pahale se mArane kA uddezya banAkara kisI ke prANa kA hanana krnaa| 2. AraMbhI-cauke-cUlhe ke kAma meM yAnI bhojanAdi taiyAra karane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai use AraMbhI hiMsA kahate haiN| 3. udyogI-khetI-bArI, udyoga Adi karane meM jo prANAtipAta hotA hai| 4. virodhI--samAja, rASTra Adi para hue zatruoM yA atyAcAriyoM ke AkramaNa kA virodha karane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, use virodhI hiMsA kahate haiN| hiMsA kI utpatti evaM bheda : hiMsA kI utpatti kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hotI hai| ye kaSAya cAra hote haiM-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / inhIM kaSAyoM ke kAraNa saMraMbha, samAraMbha tathA AraMbha hiMsA hotI hai| hiMsA karane kA jo vicAra mana meM AtA hai, use saMraMbha kahate haiM; hiMsA karane ke lie jo upakrama hote haiM unheM sabhAraMbha kahate haiM; aura prANaghAta taka kI kriyAoM ko Arambha kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra cAra kaSAya tathA saMraMbha Adi tIna se hiMsA ke bAraha bheda ho jAte haiM / cUMki hiMsA mana, 1. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama khaNDa, tRtIya adhyayana, uddazaka 3, gAthA 13, 16. 2. upAsakadazAMga, dvitIya khaNDa, prathama adhyAya, gAthA 13. 3. ahiMsA darzana-upAdhyAya pramaramuni, saM0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, pRSTha 101.

Page #164
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 145 vacana aura kAya se hotI hai, hai to pahale ke bAraha bheda ke 12 x 3 = 36 bheda hue / jaisA ki hamalogoM ne pahale hI dekhA bhI tIna-tIna bheda ho jAyeMge / arthAt kintu mana, vacana aura kAya jinheM tIna yoga mAnA jAtA hai, ke bhI tIna-tIna bheda hote haiM - hiMsA svayaM karanA, anya vyakti se karavAnA tathA hiMsA modana krnaa| ye tIna 'karaNa' kahalAte haiM 36 aura tIna karaNa ke guNA se hiMsA ke 108 / karanevAle kA anuisa prakAra pahale ke bheda mAne jAte haiM / ' hiMsA ke vibhinna nAma : praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA ke nimnalikhita 30 nAma batAye gaye haiM 2 1. pANavahaM - prANavadhaH - jIvaghAtaH arthAt jIvoM kA ghAta karanA / 2. ummUlaNA sarIrao - unmUlanA zarIrataH - zarIra se vRkSa ko ukhAr3ane kI taraha jIva kI unmUlanA / 3. atrIsaMbho - avizrambha: - avizvAsa, prANaghAta karane meM jIva ke prati vizvAsa nahIM hotA / 4. hiMsavihiMsA - hiMsyavihiMsA - prANiyoM ke prANoM kA vinAza / 5. akiccaM - akRtya - akaraNIyaM / 6. ghAyaNA - ghAtanA - ghAta karanA / 7. mAraNA-mAraNa arthAt mRtyu kA hetu / 8. vahaNA - hananam - vadha, hanana / 6. uddavaNA -- upadravaNam - upadrava / 10. nivAyaNA - nipAtanA - tripAtanA - trayANAM manovAkkAyAnAM athavA dehayuktendriyANAM jIvasya pAtanA - mana, vacana, kAyA ina tInoM se athavA zarIra, Ayu aura indriya ina tInoM se jIva ko rahita karanA / 11. AraMbhasamAraMbho - AraMbhasamAraMbha | 1. ahiMsA- darzana, pRSTha 135-136. 2. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha ( zrAzravadvAra ), adhyayana 1, sUtra 2,

Page #165
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 12. Auyakammassuvaddavo bheyA NiThaNa gAlaNA ya saMvaTTaga saMkhevo-Ayukarma kA upadrava, bheda, niSThApana, gAlanA ( galAnA ), saMpravartaka, saMkSepa / 13. mccuu-mRtyu| 14. asaMjamo-asaMyama / 15. kaDagamaddaNaM-kaTakamaddenaM-kaTakena senyena kalijena Akramya maInaM kaTakamaInaM / 16. voramaNaM-vyuparamaNaM--prANa ko zarIra se alaga kara denaa| 17. parabhavasaMkAmakArao-parabhavasaMkAramaNakAraka:--parabhava yAnI naraka-nigodAdi caturgati saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne vaalii| 18. duggatippavAo-durgatiprapAtaH--narakAdi durgatiyoM meM girAne vaalii| 19. pAvakovo-pApakopazca-pApakopa arthAt pApa prakRtiyoM ko poSaNa karanevAlI athavA pApa aura koparUpa / 20. pAvalobho-pApalobhazca-pApAgamanadvAralakSaNa-pApa ko lAne vaalii| 21. chavicheo-chaviccheda-prANiyoM ke zarIra kA chedana krnevaalii| 22. jIviyaMtakaraNo-jIvitAntakaraNa :--jIvana kA anta karane vaalii| 23. bhayaMkaro-bhayadAyakaH-bhayaMkara / 24. aNakaro-RNakara:--pAparUpI RNa ko krnevaalii| 25. vajjo-varyaH tyAjyaH, vajramiva vajra gurutvAt mahAmoha hetutvAt-vivekI puruSoM dvArA varjita athavA vajra-sA bhArI, mahAmoha kA kAraNa / 26. paritAvaNaaNhao-paritApanAzrava:--paritApanArUpa Asrava, prANiyoM ko tApa denevAlA Azraya / 27. viNAso-vinAza:--vinAza / 28. nijjavaNo-niryApanA-zarIra se prANa ko pRthaka krnevaalii| 26. lupaNA-lopanA--prANI ke prANa kA lopa krnaa| 30. guNANaM virAhaNa-guNAnAM virAdhanA--jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi jIva ke guNoM kI virAdhanA /

Page #166
147 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 147 hiMsA ke vividha rUpa : praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hI hiMsA ke vividha rUpoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM-' 1. pAvo-pApaH-pApa prakRtiyoM ke bandha kA kAraNa hone se paapruup| 2. caMDo-caNDa:-krodha kA pracaNDa rUpa hone ke kAraNa caNDa kahalAtI hai| 3. ruho- raudraH-raudrarUpa se parivartita hone kI vajaha se raudrruup| 4. khuddo-kSudra:-kSudrajana dvArA Acarita athavA drohkaarii| 5, sAhasio - sAhasikaH-avicArazIla vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiye jAne ke kAraNa athavA sahasA kiye jAne ke kAraNa sAhasika ruup| 6. aNAyario-anAryaH-anArya janoM ke dvArA vihita hone ke kAraNa anArya rUpa / 7. NigghiNo-nighRNa:-karuNA pApajugupsA iti-nirdayA arthAt dayArahita vyaktiyoM ke dvArA sevita hone ke kAraNa yaha nirdayA rUpa huii| 8. NissaMso-nazasa-krUra / 6. mahabbhao-mahAbhayaH-mahAbhaya ko denevaalii| 10. paibhao-pratibhayaH-pratiprANI ko bhaya denevaalii| 11. atibhao-atibhaya:-maraNAnta bhayajanaka hone ke kAraNa atibhy| 12. bIhaNao-citta ko udvega pahuMcAnevAlI yA bhayotpAdaka / 13. tAsaNao-trAsanaka:-trAsajanaka, akasmAt bhaya denevaalii| 14. aNajjo-anyAyyaH-anyAyarUpa athavA anAryoM dvArA aacrit| 15. uvveyaNao-udvegajanaka, citta meM viplava paidA krnevaalii| 16. hiravayakkho-nirapekSa-dUsare prANiyoM ke prANa kI upekSA krnevaalii| 1. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha (prAzravadvAra), prathama adhyayana, sUtra 1.

Page #167
148 jaina dharma meM hiMsA 17. Niddhamo - nirdharma - zrutacAritra rUpa dharma se varjita / 18. NippivAso - niSpipAsaH - - prANiyoM ke prati sneharahita / 16. NikkaluNo - niSkaruNa - dayA bhAva se rahita / 20. nirayavAsanighaNagamo nirayavAsanidhanagama : - nirayavAsa, narakavAsa hI jisakA antima phala hai / 21. mohama habbhayapayaTTao - - mohamahAbhayapravartaka :- moha ajJAnarUpa mahAbhaya ko denevAlI / 22. maraNavemaNasso - maraNavaimanasya - - mRtyu kA kAraNa hone se prANiyoM meM dInatA AtI hai ataH yaha maraNa vaimanasya rUpa hai / svahiMsA aura parahiMsA : hiMsA karane se prAyaH samajhA jAtA hai dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahu~canA / eka vyakti krodhita hokara dUsare ko mAratA hai to nizcita hI use kaSTa pahu~catA hai jise mAra par3atI hai / mAra khAnevAle vyakti ko zArIrika kSati pahu~catI hai aura isakA prabhAva usake mana para par3atA hai / isa prakAra vaha zArIrika kaSTa pAne ke sAtha-sAtha mAnasika pIr3A bhI pAtA hai / aura usa pakSa ko jo dUsare ko mArane vAlA hotA hai, sabhI kaSToM se mukta samajhA jAtA hai| yAnI dUsare ko mArane meM mAranevAle ko koI kaSTa nahIM hotA / kintu aisA socanA sarvathA galata hai / jaba vyakti ke mana meM kaSAya kA jAgaraNa hotA hai taba vaha krodhita hotA hai aura dUsare ko mAratA pITatA hai, gAliyA~ detA hai| aisI sthiti meM usake mana aura tana donoM meM hI vikRti A jAtI hai / usake mana kI zAnti luTa jAtI hai, vaha taraha-taraha kI yojanAe~ banAtA hai aura zarIra meM to tanAva A hI jAtI hai / phira vaha dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai / ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM se prathama to mArane vAle kA AtmaghAta karatI hai aura dUsarI paraghAta karatI hai / tAtparya yaha ki krodhAdi mAnasika vikAra se pahale mAranevAle kI AtmA kA ghAta hotA hai aura bAda meM vaha dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai / ina donoM sthitiyoM ke lie hI svahiMsA tathA parahiMsA kA prayoga hotA hai arthAt

Page #168
jaina dRSTi se hiMsA krodhAdi se sarvaprathama apanA AtmaghAta hotA hai / yA parahiMsA hotI hai / ' kAyoM kI hiMsA : AcArAMga sUtra ke 'zastraparijJA' adhyayana meM SaTkAyoM kI hiMsA kA varNana milatA hai pRthvI kAya -- viSaya - kapAyAdi klezoM se pIr3ita, jJAna-viveka se rahita durlabhabodhi prANI ina vyathita, pIr3ita evaM duHkhita pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko khAna khodane Adi aneka taraha ke kAryoM ke lie paritApa dete haiM, unheM vizeSa rUpa se saMtapta karate haiM, duHkha evaM saMkleza pahu~cAte haiM / kucha vicAraka apane Apako anagAra, tyAgI evaM jIvoM ke saMrakSaka hone kA dAvA karate hue bhI aneka taraha ke zastrAstroM se pRthvIkAya kA Arambha samArambha karake jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| Arambha samArambha evaM pRthvI ke zastra se ve pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kA hI nahIM apitu isake Azraya se rahe hue pAnI, vanaspati, dvIndriya-trIndriya Adi jIvoM kA bhI ghAta karate haiM / kucha loga isa jIvana ke lie, prazaMsA pAne ke hetu, mAna-sammAna, pUjA, pratiSThA kI abhilASA se janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne tathA duHkhoM kA unmUlana karane kI abhilASA rakhate hue pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kA ghAta karanevAle zastra kA svayaM prayoga karate haiM, dUsare vyakti se karAte haiM aura zastra kA prayoga karanevAle kA anumodana - samarthana karate haiM | 2 1. yasmAtkaSAya: san hantyAtmA prathamamAtmanAtmAnam / pazcAjjAyate na vA hiMsA prANyantarANAM tu // 47 // - puruSArthaM siddhyupAya | 146 phira paraghAta 2. zraTTe loe parijuNNe dussabohai zravijAraNae / prassi loe pavvahie tattha tattha puDho pAsa prArA paritArveti // 14 // aNagAramoti ege pavayamANA jamiNAM virUvehi satthehi puDhavikamma samAraMbheNaM puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhemANA zrI garUve pAraNe vihiMsaha || 15 || joviyassa parivaNa, mANaNa, pUraNAe, jAi maraNamoyaNAe, dukkha

Page #169
150 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA apkAya-jo vyakti ajJAnI tathA pramAdagrasita hotA hai vaha prazaMsA, mAna-sammAna, pUjA-pratiSThA, janma-maraNa ke duHkha se chaTakArA pAne ke lie tathA jIvana kI aneka abhilASAoM kI pUrti ke lie apkAyika prANiyoM kA svayaM Arambha-samArambha karatA hai, dUsaroM se karAtA hai tathA una vyaktiyoM kI prazaMsA karatA hai vA anumodana karatA hai, jo apkAyika prANiyoM kA Arambha-samArambha karate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnA hai ki apkAya meM apkAya jIvoM ke piNDa hote haiM / inhoMne apkAya-jala ko sajIva mAnate hue yaha bhI kahA hai ki usameM dvIndriya Adi jIva bhI rahate haiN|' agnikAya--........."bhagavAn ne parijJA--viziSTa jJAna se yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki pramAdI jIva isa kSaNika jIvana ke lie prazaMsA, mAna-sammAna evaM pUjA pAne ke hetu, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne kI abhilASA se, tathA zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM ke vinAzArtha svayaM agni kA Arambha karate haiM, dUsare vyakti se karAte haiM aura karanevAle ko acchA samajhate haiN| ............"yaha agni samAraMbha aSTa karmoM kI gA~Tha hai, yaha moha kA kAraNa hai| yaha mRtyu kA kAraNa hai aura yaha naraka kA bhI kAraNa hai| phira bhI viSaya-bhogoM meM mUchita--Asakta vyakti agnikAya ke samArambha se nivRtta nahIM hotaa| vaha pratyakSa rUpa se vibhinna zastroM ke dvArA agnikAyika jIvoM kI paDidhAya hai se sayameva puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhai, aNNehiM vA puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhAvei, aNNe vA puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhate samaNujANai // 16 // prAcArAMga sUtra-prAtmArAmajI, pra0 zrutaskaMdha, pra0 adhyayana, uddezaka 2, pRSTha 73-74, 77-78, 82-83. . tattha khalu bhagavatA pariNNA paveditA imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNamAraNaNa-pUyaNAe-jAi.maraNa moyagae dukkha paDighAya hai use sayameva udayasatthaM samAraMbhati, aNaNehiM vA udayasatthaM samAraMbhAveti, aNNe udayasatthaM samAraMbhaMte samaNujANati / - // 24 // ihaM ca khalu bho| araNagArANaM udaya jIvA viyAhiyA // 25 / / satthaM cetthaM aNuvIi pAsA, paDhI satthaM paveiyaM // 26 // bhAcArAMga-mAtmArAmajI, pra0 zru0, pra0 pra0, udda0 3.

Page #170
151 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA hiMsA karatA huA anya aneka jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| .........."agnikAya ke Arambha meM vibhinna jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai,............"| pRthvI ke Azraya meM tathA tRNa, kASTha, gobara, kar3A-karakaTa ke Azraya meM nivasita vibhinna taraha ke aneka jIva aura isake atirikta AkAza meM ur3anevAle jIva-jantu, kITa-pataMga evaM pakSI Adi jIva bhI kabhI prajvalita Aga meM A girate haiM aura usake (Aga ke) saMsparza se unakA zarIra saMkucita ho jAtA hai aura ve mUchita hokara apane prANoM ko tyAga dete haiN|' sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai ki Aga jalAnevAlA puruSa jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai aura jo Aga bujhAtA hai vaha agnikAya jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| isalie jJAnI puruSa agnikAya jIva kA ghAta karane se bceN| vAyukAya--isa niHsAra jIvana kI sukha-suvidhA, prazaMsA, tathA janma-maraNa ke kaSTa se nivAraNa ke liye pramAda ke vazIbhUta haA vyakti vAyukAya jIvoM kA nAza karatA hai| jo jIva ur3ate haiM ve vAyu ke cakra meM A jAne se machita hokara nIce A jAte haiM, unake zarIra meM saMkoca A jAtA hai aura unake prANAnta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra vAyukAya jIvoM kA Arambha hotA hai| jo isa Arambha se nivRtta na ho pAte haiM ve aparijJAta kahe jAte haiM aura jo nivRtta ho jAte haiM ve parijJAta / vanaspatikAya--manuSya zarIra jisa taraha janma dhAraNa karatA hai, bar3hatA hai, cetanA dhAraNa karatA hai, chedana-bhedana se mI jAtA hai, 1. prAcArAMga sUtra AtmArAmajI, pra0N0, pra0a0, udde0 4, sUtra 37-38. 2. sUtrakRtAMga, adhyayana 7, sUtra 5-7. tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNamANaNapUyaNAe-jAImaraNamoSaNAe dukkhADidhAyahe use sayameva vAusatthaM samAraMbhati, aNNehiM vA vAusatthaM samAraMbhAvei, aNNe vAusatthaM samAraMbhaMte samaNujANati, taM / / 56 // AcArAMga, pra0pa0,udde07, sUtra 56 tathA 60.

Page #171
152 jaina dharma meM hiMsA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, parivartanazIla, caya- upacaya vAlA, tathA anitya evaM azAzvata hai ThIka usI taraha vanaspatikAya kA zarIra bhI hotA hai yAnI vanaspatikAya bhI ina sabhI guNoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA hotA hai / kintu pramAdavaza vyakti apane mAna-sammAna, pUjA - pratiSThA, anya sukha-suvidhAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isakI hiMsA vibhinna rUpoM meM karatA hai, karAtA hai tathA karanevAle kA anumodana karatA hai / ' trasakAya -- viSayakaSAyAdi ke vazIbhUta Atura evaM asvastha cittavAle vyakti apane aneka prakAra ke svArthoM kI pUrti ke nimitta vibhinna sakAya jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAte haiM / trasajIva pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu ke Azrita sabhI sthAnoM para pAye jAte haiN| pramAdI jIva pUjA-pratiSThA, mAna-sammAna, vibhinna duHkhoM se mukti pAne ke uddezya se sakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM, dUsare se karAte haiM aura karanevAloM kA anumodana bhI karate haiM / 'isa saMsAra meM aneka jIva devI-devatAoM kI pUjA ke lie, kaI carma ke lie yA mAMsa, khUna, hRdaya, pitta, carabI, paMkha, pU~cha, keza, zrRMga-sIMga, viSANa, danta, dAr3ha, nAkhUna, snAyu, asthi, majjA, Adi padArthoM ke lie, prayojana yA niSprayojana se aneka prANiyoM kA vadha karate haiM, kucha vyakti isa dRSTi se bhI siMha, sarpa Adi jantuoM kA vadha karate haiM ki unhoMne mere svajana snehiyoM ko mArA hai, yaha mujhe mAratA hai tathA bhaviSya meM mAregA / 3 1. zrAcArAMga sUtra -- zrAtmArAmajI, pra0 zru0 pra0 pra0, u05, sUtra 46; tathA " se bemi imapi jAidhammayaM, eyaMpi jAidhammayaM, imapi buDDhadhammayaM, epi vuDhimmayaM imapi cittamaMtayaM, epi cittamaMtayaM imapi chiNNaMmilAi, eyaMpi chiNNaM milAi, imapi zrAhAragaM, eyaMpi zrAhAragaM, imapi praNiccayaM, eyaMpi NiccayaM, imapi prasAsayaM eyapi prasAsayaM, imaMpi caprovacaiyaM eyaMpi caprovacaiyaM, imapi vipariNAmadhammayaM, eyaMpi vipariNAmadhammayaM // 47 // vahIM, sU0 47. 2. prAcArAMga sUtra, pra0 zru0, pra0pra0, udda e06, sUtra 51-53. 3. vahI, sUtra 54.

Page #172
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 153 AcArAMga ke alAvA sutrakRtAMga,1 praznavyAkaraNa satra,2 dazavakAlika sUtra, pravacanasAra mUlAcAra Adi meM SaTakAyoM kI hiMsA kI carcAe~ milatI haiN| hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNa : praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA ke nimnalikhita kAraNoM ke ullekha haiM-6 pRthvIkAya-karisaNa-kRSi, pRthvI ko jotanA; pokkharaNI-- puSkaraNI yAnI tAlAba; vAvi--vApI, bAvar3I, vappiNi--kyArI, nAlI; kUva--kUpa; sara--sarovara; talAga--tAlAba yA tar3Aga; cii--dIvAla ke nimitta; veiya--vedI; khAiya--khAI; ArAma-- ArAma ke nimitta yA bagIcA; vihAra--maTha; thUbha--stUpa; pAgAra--prAkAra, koTa ke nimitta; dvAra--dvAra ke nimitta; goura--gopura; aTTAlaga---aTArI; cariyA--carikA nagara aura koTa ke bIca kA mArga; setu--pula; saMkama--U~cI-nIcI bhUmi ko pAra karane kA mArga; pAsAya--prAsAda, rAjamahala; vikappavikalpa, eka prakAra kA rAjamahala; bhavaNa-bhavana; ghara-gaha; saraNa--sAmAnya, tRNa Adi kA makAna; leNa--parvatavartI pASANagRha, parvata kATakara banAye jAnevAle makAna; AvaNa--dukAna ceiya--caitya ke nimitta; devakula--devAlaya; cittasabhA--citrasabhA; pavA--pyAU; Ayatana--yajJazAlA, devasthAna; Avasaha--- avasatha-tApasoM ke Azrama, maTha; bhUmidhara--bhUmigRha; maMDavANa-- maNDapa; tathA bhAyaNa--bhaMDovagaraNassa aTThAya--miTTI ke vibhinna prakAra ke bartanoM ke lie ajJAnI jIva pRthvI kAya jIva kA ghAta karate haiN| 1. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya khaNDa, adhyayana 7, sUtra 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 16, 16. 2. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, pra.zru0, pAzravadvAra, adhyayana 1. 3. dazavakAlika sUtra, caturtha adhyayana, SaDjIvanikAya / 4. pravacanasAra, adhyAya 3, gAthA 46. 5. mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra, gAthA 205-225. 6. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, pra.zru0, AzravadvAra, adhyAya 1.

Page #173
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA apkAya-majjaNa - snAna; pANa - pAna; bhoyaNa -- bhojana banAnA; vatthadhovaNa -- kapar3e dhonA tathA soyamaiehi -- zauca Adi kAryoM meM akAya kI hiMsA hotI hai / agnikAya - payaNa -- bhojana pakAnA; payAvaNa -- pakavAnA, jalAvaNa - jalAnA aura vidaMsaNehi-- -- prakAza ke lie / - 154 vAyukAya - suppa -- sUpa se annAdi sApha karanA; viyaNa - havA karanA paMkhe se; tAlapaMTa - tAla ke paMkhe se ; pehuNa -- mora ke paMkha se; muha--mukha; karayala - - hAtha; sAgapatta -- zAkavRkSa ke patte se aura vatthamAiehi -- vastrAdi se vAyu ke jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / - vanaspatikAya - agAra - ghara banAnA; paTiyAra - khetI yA bagIce kI rakSA ke lie bAr3a banAnA, yA paricAra - jIvikA; bhakkhabhoyaNa - khAne ke lie bhojana Adi banAnA; sayaNa - zayana; AsaNaAsana; phalaga phalaka- -kASThanirmita vastu; mUsala - dhAna kUTane kA mUsala ; ukkhala - Ukhala; tata - vINA ; vitata - vitata - nagArA Adi; Atojja - Atodya, Dhola Adi; vahaNa - vahana - pota, naukA Adi yAna pAtra ; maMDava - maNDapa ; viviha bhavaNa - vividha bhavana; toraNa - toraNa ; viTaMga - viTaMka - kabUtara rakhanA; devakula -- devasthAna; jAlayajharokhA ; addhacaMda -- arddhacandrakAra kI bArI, sopAna vizeSa; NijjUhaga -- niyU haka -- dvAra ke urdhvabhAga meM bAhara kI ora lage hue ghor3A Adi ke AkAra kA kASTha vizeSa; caMdasAliya-candrazAlA - prAsAda ke Upara kI zAlA; vetiya ( veiya ) - vedikA; NisseNi niHzreNI- nisenI-sIr3hI; doNi-choTI naukA; caMgerI - tRNAdi se banA huA pAtra; khIla - kIla - khUTI; meDhaka -- khambhA; sabhA - sabhA; pavA - prapA- pyAU; Avasaha - AvasathamaTha-tApasAzrama; gaMdha - gaMdha; malla - mAlAdi; anulevaNaM - anulepana caMdana Adi; aMbara - ambara - vastra; varayuga, yuga - jhUsarA - juvArI; gaMgala - lAMgala - hala yA hala kI kIla; meiya - metika - mer3A, varavarajote gaye kheta kI miTTI ko barAbara karane ke nimitta banI huI paTiyA; kuliya - kUlika - hala vizeSa - bIja bone ke lie hala meM ba~dhI huI nI / saMdaNa - spaMdana - eka prakAra kA ratha; sIyA - zibikA pAlakI; raha--- ratha; sagar3a - zakaTa -- gAr3I; yAna - vAhana; jogga - -

Page #174
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 155 yugya--choTI gAr3I, jampAna vizeSa; aTTAlaga--aTTAlakaaTTAlikA; carikA-nagara aura koTa ke madhya kA mArga; dvAra-dvAra; goura-gopura- nagara kA bar3A daravAjA; phalihA-parighA; AlagaargalA ber3A; jaMta-yaMtra--yAnI pAnI Adi nikAlane ke lie banA haA araghaghaTa Adi; zUliyA--zUlikA--zUlAropaNa kASTha; lauDa-- lagur3a--lakuTa, lAThI; musaMDi--musaMDI--zastra vizeSa ( bandUka ); sayagghI--zataghnI--zastra vizeSa jisase eka hI bAra meM sau vyakti mAre jA sakate haiM (topa Adi); bahupaharaNA--aneka praharaNa--bahuta prakAra ke zastrAdi--khaMga, tomara, tIra Adi; varaNukkhaNNakaevibhinna prakAra ke gaha-upakaraNa Adi / isa prakAra ke aneka kAraNoM se pramAdI tathA ajJAnI loga vanaspatikAya jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| trasakAya-jo mahAmUrkha haiM tathA dayAhIna bhI haiM, ve Upara kathita tathA anya prakAroM se jIva ko mArate haiN| ve krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, vaidika kriyAoM ke anuSThAna ke lie, jIvana, kAma, artha, dharma Adi ke lie svatantra, parataMtra, prayojanavaza, niSprayojana vibhinna avasthAoM meM evaM vibhinna prakAroM se trasa tathA sthAvara prANiyoM kA ghAta karate haiN| hiMsA ke stara : ___ hiMsA hotI hai, isameM tIna cIjeM pradhAna samajhI jAtI haiM - 1. hiMsya yAnI jisakI hiMsA hotI hai, 2. hiMsaka jo hiMsA karatA hai aura 3. hiMsA hone ke kAraNa / ata: ina tInoM para vicAra karane se yaha sahI-sahI jAnA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsA ke stara bhI hote haiM athavA nhiiN| hiMsA kisI jIva kI hotI hai / jaina dRSTikoNa se jIva chaH prakAra ke hote haiM : pRthvIkAya, apkAya, agnikAya, vanaspatikAya, vAyukAya aura trskaay| caki jIva sabhI meM hai, ataH kisI kI bhI hiMsA ho, cAhe vaha pRthvIkAya yA vanaspatikAya yA trasakAya ho hiMsA barAbara hI hogI, aisA mata terahapaMthI zvetAmbara matAnuyAyiyoM kA hai| kintu jIva sabhI barAbara haiM aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka jIva hote haiN|

Page #175
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isakA matalaba yaha ki ekendriya jIva se dvIndriya, dvIndriya se trIndriya, trIndriya se caturindriya tathA caturindriya se paMcendriya jIva adhika cetanA tathA adhika vikasita hote haiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to sabhI jIvoM ko barAbara-barAbara indriyA~ hI prApta hotiiN| kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jIvoM meM antara hai aura jaba jIvoM meM antara hai to unakI hiMsA meM bhI antara hogA hii| sUtrakRtAMga meM hastitApasoM kI carcA hai / jaba Ardra kumAra mahAvIra se milane ko prasthAna karate haiM to rAha meM aneka mata vAle milate haiM aura apane-apane matoM kI pradhAnatA dikhAte haiM; usI silasile meM hastitApasa bhI Ate haiM aura kahate haiM "...."buddhimAn manuSyoM ko sadA alpatva aura bahutva kA vicAra karanA caahiye| jo kandamUla, phala Adi ko khAkara apanA nirvAha karanevAle tApasa haiM, ve bahata se sthAvara prANiyoM ko tathA unake Azrita aneka jaMgama prANiyoM kA nAza karate haiN| galara Adi phaloM meM bahuta se jaMgama Adi prANI nivAsa karate haiN| isaliye gulara Adi phaloM ko khAnevAle tApasa una aneka jaMgama jIvoM kA vinAza karate haiN| tathA jo loga bhikSA se apanI jIvikA calAte haiM ve bhI bhikSA ke lie idhara-udhara jAte-Ate samaya aneka kIr3I Adi prANiyoM kA mardana karate haiM tathA bhikSA kI kAmanA se unakA cita bhI dUSita ho jAtA hai| ataH hama loga varSabhara meM eka mahAn hAthI ko mArakara usake mAMsa se varSa bhara apanA nirvAha karate haiM aura zeSa jIvoM kI rakSA karate haiM / ataH hamArA dharma AcaraNa karane se aneka prANiyoM kI rakSA aura eka prANI kA vinAza hotA hai isalie yaha dharma sabase zreSTha hai / '' yadi hiMsA kA stara hiMsita jIvoM kI saMkhyA para nirbhara hotA to eka vyakti jo do-cAra Ikha tor3akara cUsa DAlatA hai vaha aura 1. saMvacchareNavi ya egamagaM, bAraNeNa mAreu mahAgayaM tu / sesANa jIvANa dayaTThayAe, vAsaM vayaM vitti pakappayAmo // 52 // sUtrakRtAMga ( saM0 ambikAdattajI projhA ), dvitIya zrutaskandha, SaSTha madhyayana, pa0 372-373.

Page #176
jaina dRSTi se hiMsA 157 dUsarA vyakti jo eka AdamI kI hatyA kara detA hai, barAbara samajhA jAtA, balki Ikha tor3anevAlA hI adhika aparAdhI samajhA jAtA kyoMki vaha cAra Ikha tor3atA hai aura AdamI kI hatyA karanevAlA sirpha eka hI vyakti yAnI eka hI jIva kI hiMsA karatA hai / lekina aisA kabhI nahIM dekhA gayA hai ki Ikha ukhAr3anevAle ke bajAya AdamI kI hatyA karanevAlA kama doSI ThaharAyA gayA ho / hiMsA bhAvapradhAna hai, yadyapi hiMsA ke pradhAnataura se do rUpa mAne gaye haiM-bhAva hiMsA aura dravya hiMsA / arthAt hiMsaka kI bhAvanA ke AdhAra para yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki hiMsaka kahA~ taka doSI hai athavA nirdoSa / aura yaha bhI sarvavidita hai ki hiMsA kI mUlabhitti kaSAya hai-- krodha, lobha, mAna, mAyA / kaSAya ke hone se hI hiMsA hotI hai aura na hone se hiMsA nahIM hotI hai / kaSAya kI mAtrA jitanA hI adhika hogI hiMsA kA stara utanA hI U~cA hogA aura kaSAya kI mAtrA jitanI hI kama hogI hiMsA kA stara utanA hI nIcA hogA / isa prakAra hiMsA ke stara ko nirdhArita karane ke do sAdhana hue - jIva kA ApasI antara tathA kaSAya kI mAtrA / kisI ekendriya jIva kI hatyA hotI hai to hatyA ke samaya usa jIva kI ora se na kisI prakAra kI duHkhada bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai aura na koI pratikAra hI hotA hai / ata: usakI hatyA meM hatyAre vA hiMsaka ke mana meM koI vizeSa pramAda nahIM AtA / kintu jaise-jaise ekendriya se paMcendriya kI ora bar3hate haiM vaise-vaise hiMsaka ke mana meM paidA honevAle kaSAyoM kI mAtrA bar3hatI jAtI hai / yadi kisI paMcendriya kI hatyA karanA koI cAhatA hai to vaha jIva bacane kA prayAsa karatA hai, hatyA karanevAle ko bhI mAranA cAhatA hai, chaTapaTAtA hai, cillAtA hai, cighAr3atA hai, ataeva mAranevAle ko usa jIva kI hatyA karane ke lie apane dila ko adhika kaThora banAnA par3atA hai, adhika upakaraNoM kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai / aisI bAta ekendriya jIva kI hatyA meM nahIM hotI / isakA jvalanta udAharaNa hameM neminAtha ( bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ) ke jIvanacaritra meM milatA hai / jaba neminAtha kI zAdI ThIka huI, bArAta prasthAna ke pahale unheM sabhI auSadhiyoM se mile

Page #177
158 jaina dharma meM hiMsA hue jala se snAna karAyA gayA aura kAphI sajadhaja ke sAtha bArAta ne prasthAna kiyA / kintu prasthAna ke samaya hI unhoMne bAr3oM aura piMjaroM meM banda bhayAkula tathA duHkhita pazu-pakSiyoM kA ArtanAda sunA aura pUchane para sArathi se unheM jJAta huA ki ve pazu-pakSI isaliye bAr3oM meM banda the ki unakI zAdI kI khuzI meM una saboM ko mArakara unake kuTumbiyoM tathA mitroM ko mAMsa bhakSaNa karAyA jaaegaa| yaha bAta neminAtha ke hRdaya ko chU gayI aura unhoMne sabhI pazu-pakSiyoM ko bAr3oM se nikalavA kara svataMtra kara diyA aura apanI zAdI roka dI tathA gharabAra tyAga kara sIdhe jaMgala kI ora cala pdd'e| jisa samaya neminAtha ko vibhinna auSadhiyoM se mizrita jala se snAna karAyA gayA, usa samaya nizcita hI asaMkhya apkAya jIvoM tathA anya choTe-choTe jIvoM kI hiMsA huI hogI kintu unhoMne snAna karma ko rokA nahIM aura na karuNAjanaka koI bAta hI kahI / lekina bAr3oM meM banda pazuoM ko dekhakara unake mana meM karuNA kI eka dhArA- sI baha calI aura ArtanAda karate hue sabhI pazu-pakSiyoM ko bAr3oM evaM pijaroM se mukta karavA diyA aura svayaM muni dharma apanA liyA / isakA kAraNa aura kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA sirpha isake ki paMcendriya pazuoM kI chaTapaTAhaTa, karuNakandana Adi se ye prabhAvita hue aura ekendriya apkAya jIvoM kA vinAza una para koI prabhAva nahIM DAla havipro, hasta maMgala | divvajuyala parihizro, zrAbharaNehi vibhUsibho // 6 // 1. savvIsa hIhi - uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 22. nijjaMto dissa pANe bhayadue / * vADahi paMjarehiM ca sanniruddhe sudukkhie / / 14 / graha sArahI to bhai, ee bhaddA u pANiNo / tujhaM vivAhakajjammi, bhoyAveuM bahuM jaNaM / / 17 / / soUNa tassa vayaNaM, bahupANivilAsaNaM / citei se mahApanne, sANukkose jie hiu / / 18 / / jaI majjha kAraNA ee, hammaMti subahU jiyA / na ne eyaM tu nissesaM, paraloge bhavissaI // 16 // 2. graha so tattha - uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 22.

Page #178
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 156 skaa| isase sApha jAhira hotA hai ki paMcendriya kI hiMsA sabase bar3I hiMsA aura caturindriya, trIndriya, dvIndriya evaM ekendriya kI hiMsA krama se choTI hiMsAe~ haiN| isIliye trasakAya kI hiMsA kA sarvaprathama niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM udaka peDhAlaputra tathA gautama (mahAvIra ke ziSya) ke bIca pratyAkhyAna-saMbaMdhI vArtAlApa haI hai| pratyAkhyAna karane vAlA kahatA hai-"rAjA Adi ke abhiyoga ko chor3akara (gAthApati caura grahaNavimokSaNa nyAya se ) trasa prANI ko daNDa dene kA tyAga hai|' isa pratyAkhyAna meM, jaisA ki udaka peDhAlaputra kA kathana hai "trasa" zabda ke sAtha "bhUta" bhI rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki sirpha trasa kahane se yaha bAta spaSTa nahIM hotI ki bhUta jIva kA trasa yA vartamAna yA bhaviSya kaa| kyoMki jo abhI trasa hai, vaha ho sakatA agale janma meM sthAvara ho jAye yA jo pUrvajanma meM sthAvara thA vaha isa janma trasa hai / ataH "bhUta" zabda ko "trasa" ke sAtha jor3a dene para yAnI trasabhUta kahane se yaha bodha ho jAtA hai ki vartamAna samaya kA hI trasa, bhUta aura bhaviSya kA nhiiN| aura isase pratyAkhyAna kA sahIsahI pAlana ho jAtA hai| kintu gautama ke mata meM "trasa" ke sAtha "bhUta" kA jor3anA Avazyaka nahIM hotA kyoMki "trasa" mAtra kahane se hI vartamAna ke trasajIva kA bodha ho jAtA hai| inake anusAra pratyAkhyAna karanevAlA sirpha vartamAna ke trasakAya kI hisA kA 1. pAuso! goyamA asthi khalu kumAraputtiyA nAma samaniggaMthA tumhANaM pavayaNaM pavayamANA gAhAvaI samaNovAsagaM uvasaMpannaM evaM paccakkhArvetiNaNNattha abhiproeNaM gAhAvaicoraggahaNavimokkhaNyAe tasehiM pANehi NihAya daMDaM, evaM haM paccakkhaMtANaM duppaccakkhAyaM bhavai, evaM NhaM paccakkhAvemANANaM dupaccakkhAviyavvaM bhavai, evaM te paraM paccakkhAvemAraNA pratiyaraMti sayaM patiNNaM, kassa gaMtaM heu ? saMsAriyA khalu pANA thAvarAvi pANA tasattAe paccAyaMti, tasAvi / sUtrakRtAMga (saM0 ambikAdatta projhA), dUsarA zrutaskandha, saptama adhyayana, pRSTha 385.

Page #179
160 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA tyAga karatA hai, bhUta aura bhaviSya ke trasakAya prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA nhiiN| pratyAkhyAna karanevAlA abhiyoga yAnI rAjA kI AjJA, gaNa kI AjJA, gaNatantrAtmaka rAjya kI AjJA, balavAna kI AjJA, mAtA-pitA Adi kI AjJA tathA AjIvikA ke bhaya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae hiMsA karatA hai, yAnI ina AjJAoM kI vajaha se yadi use hiMsA karanI par3atI hai to usakA pratyAkhyAna bhaMga nahIM hotaa| isa saMbaMdha meM dUsarI bAta hai "gAthApaticora-grahaNavimokSaNa nyAya" jo isa prakAra hai-kisI gahastha ke chaH beTe the aura kisI jurma ke kAraNa chahoM ko rAjA kI ora se mRtyu daNDa milA / taba vaha gRhastha rAjA ke pAsa jAkara prArthanA karane lgaa| usane apane vaMza kI rakSA ke lie sirpha eka putra ko mArane ke lie tathA anya pA~ca ko chor3a dene ke lie nivedana kiyaa| kintu rAjA ne usakI bAta na mAnI / taba usane krama se cAra, tIna, do aura eka ko chor3a dene ke lie khaa| anta meM rAjA ne usake pA~ca putroM ko to phAMsI kI sajA de hI dI lekina sirpha eka ko chor3a diyaa| yadyapi sajA ke bhAgI sabhI the aura phAMsI sabhI ko par3anI cAhiye thii| kintu gRhastha kI vaMzavRddhi ke lie kama se kama eka putra kA jIvita rahanA atyanta Avazyaka thA / ThIka usI prakAra SaTakAya kI hiMsA se bacanA ucita hai, kintu yadi aisA na ho sake to kama se kama sthala prANAtipAta se yA trasakAya kI hiMsA se to bacanA hI cAhiye / upAsakadazAMga meM Ananda gAthApati ke dvArA ahiMsAvata dhAraNa karane kI carcA milatI hai| ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa kahate haiM ki bratoM meM zreSTha ahiMsAvata ke rUpa meM sthala-prANAtipAta ko do karaNa tathA tIna yoga se karane kA tyAga karatA huuN|' yahA~ bhI pahale sthUlakAya yAnI trasakAya kI hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA gayA hai / 1. tae NaM se pANaMde gAhAvaI samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa aMtie tappaDhamayAe thUlagaM pAraNAivAyaM paccakkhAi, jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNaM na karomi na kAravemi, maNasA vayasA kAyasA // 13 // --upAsakadazA 1. adhyyn|

Page #180
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 161 isa prakAra sUtra kRtAMga tathA upAsakadazAMga ko dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki sthUla prANAtipAta kA hiMsA kI dRSTi se adhika mahattva hai vajAya sUkSma prANAtipAta ke / isakA matalaba hai ki hiMsA meM stara hotA hai| ataH aisA kahA jAtA hai ki sthalakAya kI hiMsA sabase bar3I hiMsA hai kyoMki usameM kaSAya kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai, arthAt hiMsaka ko apane dila-dimAga ko adhika kaThora aura krUra banAnA par3atA hai / kintu yahAM para aisI bhI AzaMkA upasthita kI jA sakatI hai ki machue ko machalI mArane meM yA kasAI ko anekoM pazuoM ko mArane meM kisI vizeSa pramAda kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ve saba svAbhAvika DhaMga se nitya aneka prANiyoM kA badha karate haiN| lekina yaha eka vizeSa jAti kI bAta hai| machae kA lar3akA bacapana se hI apane ghara meM apane parivAra ke logoM ke dvArA aneka machaliyoM kA prANaghAta dekhatA hai, vaise hI eka kasAI kA lar3akA apane pitA, cAcA, kAkA, bhAI-bandhu ke dvArA roja bahuta se pazuoM kA prANAnta dekhatA hai| ataH machae aura kasAI ke baccoM kA yaha eka svabhAva sA bana jAtA hai aura hiMsA karane meM unheM pramAda-vizeSa kI jarUrata nahIM hotI hai / kintu kisI bhI bAta ko sahI-sahI jAnane ke lie eka sAmAnya sthiti kI jarUrata hotI hai, arthAt jo eka sAmAnya vyakti hai vaha binA kisI pramAda ke hiMsA kara hI nahIM sktaa| pramAda yA kaSAya hI hiMsA kI jananI hai aura isakI mAtrA hI hiMsA ke stara ko nirdhArita karatI hai / ' hiMsA karane vAle kucha vizeSa loga tathA jAtiyA~ praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM nimnalikhita vyaktiyoM tathA jAtiyoM ke varNana milate haiM jinheM hiMsA karane meM Ananda milatA hai aura hiMsA karanA jinakA svabhAva-sA bana gayA hai : 1. ahiMsA-darzana, pR0 111-125.

Page #181
jaina dharma meM hiMsA soaria - zokarika - sUara kA zikAra karanevAlA; macchabaMdha - matsyabaMdha - machaliyoM ko mAranevAlA; sAuNi-- zAkunika- pakSiyoM ko mAranevAlA; vAha-vyAdha - mRgAdi kA zikAra karanevAlA; kUrakammA - kUrakarmA - kUrakarma karanevAlA; sara - daha-dI hiya-salilA - sayasosaga - sarovara, jhIla, pokhara, tAlAba aura talaiyA ke pAnI ko bAhara nikAlakara unake jIvoM ko mardana karanevAlA; visagarassadAya - annAdi meM viSa milAkara denevAlA; jisameM tRNa uge hue hoM aise kheta meM nirdayatA ke sAtha Aga lagAnevAlA Adi loga hiMsaka hote haiM / 162 -- inake alAvA kucha mleccha jAtiyA~ bhI hotI haiM, jo hiMsApriya hotI haiM -saka - zaka - zaka dezavAsI; javaNa - yavana; sabara - zabaradezotpanna bhIla; babbara - barbara; kAya - kAya - isa nAma ke deza vizeSa meM janme hue loga; muruMDa - muraNDa - muraNDadeza meM paidA hue loga; udauda-anAryoM kI eka jAti; bhagaDa - bhaTaka; tittiya - tittika deza ke loga; pakkaNiya - pakkaNika; kulakkha - kulakSanAma ke anAyaM deza ke loga ; gor3a - gaur3a siMhala - siMhaladvIpa meM utpanna loga;pArasapArasa; kocaMdha -- krauMca ; davila- drAvir3a ; villala - bilvala; puliMda; asesa- azeSa; Doba - DoMba; pokkaNa; gaMdhahAraga- gandhahAraka; bahalIyabahalIka; jalla; roma; mAsa; bausa - bakuza; malaya - malaya; cuccuka; cUliya - cUlika; koMkaNa -- koMkaNaka; bheya-bheda; parAhava--pahyava; mAlava; mahura; AbhAsiya - AbhASika; aNakka; cINa- cIna; lhAsika - lUhAsika; khasa; khAsika; nehara- niSThura; mahArASTra; mauSTika; Araba; Dovilaka; kuhaNa; kekaya; hUNa; romaka; rUrU; maruka; cilAta dezavAsI, jalacara, sthalacara, pairoM meM nakha dhAraNa karanevAlA, sA~pa, khecara pakSI, saMDAsI ke samAna coMca vAlA pakSI, ye sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA karake hI apanA jIvana nirvAha karate haiM / saMjJI tathA asaMjJI sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM aura aisA pApajanaka kArya karake prasanna hote haiM / " 1. kayare te ? je te soyariyA macchabaMdhA sAuriNaya vAhA kurakammA vAuriyA dIviya-baMdhaNappayoga-tappagala - jAla - vIralla gAya sadabbha vaggurA - kUDa - chaliyA - --

Page #182
jaina dRSTi se hiMsA 163 jaina dRSTikoNa se ye saba jAtiyA~ hiMsA meM pravRtti tathA prema rakhanevAlI haiM / yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM inameM se adhikatara ke nAma tathA sthAna pAnA muzkila hai, ho sakatA hai inake nAmAdi badala gaye hoM aura samayAnusAra inake AcAra-vicAra meM antara A gaye hoN| ho sakatA hai praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kI racanA ke samaya ye sabhI jAtiyA~ vidyamAna rahI hoN| abhI bhI bahuta sI aisI jAtiyAM milatI haiM jinakA jIvana nirvAha pazu-pakSiyoM kI hiMsA para hI hotA hai, kAraNa, ve mAMsAdi khuda hI khAte haiM aura carma Adi beMcakara anya Arthika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kara lete haiM / hiMsA ke phala : kisI bhI karma kA phala avazya hI hotA hai, cAhe vaha suphala ho yA kuphala | vaise hI hiMsA ke bhI phala hote haiM jinheM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM AcArAMga meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai uriyA yavidaMsagapAsahatthA hatthA hariesA varaNacaragA luddhagAmahudhAyA poyaghAyA eNIyArA paraNIyArA saradaha dIhiya-talAga- pallagaparigAlA - malaNa sotabaMdharaNa salilAsaya sosagA visagarassa ya dAyagA uttaragavallaradavaggiNiddayapalovakA kUrakammakArI // 21 // imeyayA, bahave milakkhujAI ke te ? saka-javaraNa-sabara- babbara- kAyamuruMDo-da-bhaDaga- tittiya pakkariNaya kulavakha-goDa- siMhala - pArasa-kocaMdha-davilavillala - puliMda- prarosa - DoMba - gaMdhahAraga- bahaliya- jalla-roma mAsa- ba usa malayAcucuyA-ya cUliyaga- koM karaNaga karaNaga- seya- meyA- paNhava-mAlava-mahura-AbhAsiya-praraNakkha-cINa-lAsiya khasa-khAsiyA-ne Thura-marahTTha- muTThi - prArabaDobilaga kuharaNa - kekaya-haraNa - romaga- ruru- maruyA-cilAya visayavAsI pAvamairaNoM ||22|| jalayara thalayara-saNapphaya- moraMga - khahayara - saMDAsa toMDa - jIvovaghAyajIvI saNNI ya asaNaNo pajjato apajjatro ya-prasubhalessa pariName ee aNNe ya evamAI kareMti pAraNAivAyakaraNaM / pAvA pAvAbhigamA: pAvamaI pAvaruI pANavahakayaraI pANavaharUvANudvArA pANavaha kahAsu abhiramantA tuTThA pAvaM karettu hutiya bahuppagAraM ||23|| ya praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, prathama zrutaskandha, zrAzravadvAra, adhyayana 1.

Page #183
164 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA "pRthvIkAya ke AraMbha-samAraMbha meM lage hue vyakti ko yaha sAvadya pravatti anAgata kAla meM ahitakara tathA bodha kI avarodhaka hotI hai / parantu jo bhavya jIva-pRthvIkAya kA AraMbha karanA pApa hai, aisA bhagavAn yA anagAroM se sunakara, samyagjJAna, darzana Adi ke dvArA bhalI-bhA~ti jAna letA hai, usako yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki pRthvIkAya kA AraMbha bhaviSya meM ahita aura abodhi ke lAbha kA kAraNa hai| ataH aise kinhIM jJAnI puruSoM ko yaha parijJAta ho jAtA hai ki pRthvIkAya kA samAraMbha granthi hai arthAt aSTa karmoM kI gA~Tha hai, moharUpa hai, mRtyu kA kAraNa hai aura naraka kA kAraNa hai"|' isI taraha apkAya, agnikAya, vanaspatikAya, trasakAya tathA vAyukAya kI hiMsA ke phala hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI kahA hai ki jo vyakti vibhinna AraMbhoM meM rata rahatA hai, jIvoM ko daMDa detA hai, hiMsA karatA hai vaha aneka varSoM ke lie naraka Adi pApalokoM meM sthAna pAtA hai, yadi bacapana kI tapasyA se vaha devatA kA sthAna pA jAtA hai to vahA~ bhI vaha nIca tathA asurasaMjJaka devatA hI hotA hai / 1. taM se mahipAe, taM se prabohie, se taM saMbujjhamANe AyANiyaM samuTThAya soccA khalu bhagavo praNagArANaM ihamegesi NAyaM bhavati, esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nnre...||17|| bhAcArAMga sUtra-prAtmArAmajI, pra0 zrutaskaMdha, prathama pra0, uddezaka 2. 2. pAcArAMgasUtra, pra0 zru0, pra0 pra0, u0 3, sUtra 24; u0 4, sUtra 37; u0 5, sUtra 46; u0 6, sUtra 53 tathA u0 7, sUtra 56. 3. je iha prAraMbhanissiyA prAttadaMDA egNtluusgaa| gaMtA te pAvalogayaM cirarAyaM prAsuriyaM disaM // 6 // pra. zru0, pa0 2, u0 3; tathA pra0 5, u0 1, sUtra 3-5; adhyayana 7, sUtra 3, 10 bhI dekheN|

Page #184
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA ke phala ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki hiMsA ke phala ko na jAnane vAle vyakti hiMsA karake mahAbhayavAlI, dIrghakAla taka kaSToM se paripUrNa, vizrAmarahita, vibhinna pIr3AoM se bharI huI naraka aura tiryaJca yoni ko bar3hAte haiM, yAnI pApa karma ( hiMsA ) ke phalasvarUpa ve naraka aura tiryaJca gati ko prApta karate haiM tathA aneka prakAra kI yAtanAeM sahate haiN|' upAsakadazAMga sUtra ke AThaveM adhyayana meM mahAzataka nAyApati tathA unakI patnI revatI kI kathA meM revatI kA caritra bahuta kara aura kAmottejaka dikhAyA gayA hai| vaha apane sukha ke nimitta gAthApati ko anya bAraha patniyoM kI hatyA zastra tathA viSa kA prayoga karake karatI hai / jaba nagara meM hiMsA banda karane kA Adeza ghoSita hotA hai taba vaha apane mAyake se pratidina do bachar3e ma~gavAne aura unheM mArakara khAne lagatI hai| apane pati ko bahata prakAra ke kAmottejaka vyavahAroM se taMga karatI hai| ina saba kAraNoM ke phalasvarUpa use naraka jAnA par3atA hai / usake pati usase kruddha hokara kahate haiM tU sAta dina ke andara alasa roga se pIr3ita hokara kaSTa bhogatI huI mara jAyegI aura lolupAcyuta naraka meM utpanna hogI; vahA~ 84 hajAra varSa kI Ayu prApta kregii| nirayAvalikA meM gautama ke pUchane para kAlakumAra ke viSaya meM kahate haiM--'kAlakumAra aise AraMbhakara ( yuddha karate hue marakara ) yAvat aise azubha duSkRtya karma ke bhAra se bhArI huA mRtyu ke samaya 1. tassaya pAvassa phalavivAgaM prayAemANAvaDDhaMti mahanbhayaM avissA maveyaraNaM dohakAlabahudukkhasaMkarDa garapatirikkhajoNiM // 24 // praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, pra0 zru0, pAtha vadvAra, prathama adhyayana tathA aMtima sUtra bhI dekheN| 2. taevaM sA revaI gAhAvaiNo aMto satta-rattassa anasaevaM vAhitA abhibhUyA aTha-duiTTha-asatyA kAlamAre kAlaM kiccA imAma rayaNappAe puDhavoe lolupa jue narae caurAsIi-vAsa-sahassa-hiietu neraiesu neraiyattAe uvavannA // 253 //

Page #185
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA marakara cauthI paMkaprabhA pRthvI ke hemAbha narakAvAsa meM yAvat nairayika rUpa se utpanna huA'' arthAt yuddha meM dUsaroM ko mArate hue marane ke kAraNa kAlakumAra naraka kA bhAgI huaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai ki ajJAnI, hiMsaka, maSAvAdI, luTere, mahArambhI, mAMsabhakSaka Adi usI prakAra narakAyu kA intajAra karate haiM, jisa prakAraM bakarA pAlanevAlA mehamAna kA intajAra karatA hai / krodha karane se jIva naraka meM jAtA hai tathA mAna, krodha, pramAda Adi se zikSA prApta nahIM hotii| ve brAhmaNa jinameM krodha, mAna, hiMsA, maSA Adi haiM jAti aura vidyA se hIna hote haiN| kuza, yUpa, tRNa, kASTha aura agni tathA prAta:kAla, sAyaMkAla jala kA sparza karake prANiyoM kA ghAta karanA pApa kA saMcaya karatA hai| hiMsA karanevAlA lezyA kA pariNAmI hotA hai| pravacanasAra meM hiMsA ke phala para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo rAga, dveSa bhAvoM ke vazIbhUta ho svajIva tathA parajIva kA 1. ta eya khalu goyamA ! kAle kumAre erisaehiM prAraMbhehi jAva erisaeNaM asubhakaDakammapanbhAreNaM kAlamAse kAlakiccA cautthIe paMkapabhAe puDhavIe hemA narae jAva neraiyattAe uvavanno // 106 // adhyayana 1. hiMse bAle masAvAI praddhANammi vilovae // 5 // muMjanANe suraM maMsaM parivUDhe paraMdame // 6 // prayakakkarabhoI ya tuMdille ciyalohie / pAuyaM Narae kaMkhe jahAesaM va elae // 7 // adhyayana 7 tathA adhyayana 6, sUtra 54; adhyayana 11, sUtra 3. koho ya mANo ya vaho ya jesi mosaM pradatta ca pariggaha ca / te mAhaNA jAivijjAvihUNA tAI tu khettAi supAvayAI // 14 // pra. 12. kusaM ca jUvaM saNakaTThamaggiM sAyaM ca pAyaM udagaM phusNtaa| pANAi bhUyAi viheDayaMtA mujjo vi maMdA pagare pAvaM // 36 // pra. 12. tathA adhyayana 34, sUtra 21, 22, 28.

Page #186
jaina dRSTi se hiMsA ghAta karatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM se prakRtisthityAdi bandhana meM par3atA hai / jisa jIva kA azuddha caitanya vikArapariNAma, indriyaviSaya tathA krodhAdi kaSAya inase atyaMta gAr3ha ho mithyA zAstroM kA sunanA, Arta- raudra azubha dhyAnarUpa mana, parAI niMdA Adi carcA, inameM upayoga sahita ho, hiMsAdi AcaraNa karane meM mahAudyamI ho aura vItarAga sarvajJakathita mArga se ulaTA jo mithyAmArga usameM sAvadhAna ho, vaha pariNAma azubhopayoga hai' isI prakAra mUlAcAra Adi meM bhI kahA hai ki hiMsA pApa hai, doSaAsravadvAra hai / hiMsA, asatya Adi AsravoM se pApakarma AtA hai tathA jIvoM kA nAza hotA hai / jisa prakAra chidravAlI nAva jala meM DUba jAtI hai, usI prakAra hiMsAdi AsravoM se jIva saMsArasAgara meM DUba jAtA hai | 2 puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vyakti ke kArya meM hisArUpatA yAnI kaSAya--pramAda, krodhAdi nahIM Aye to vaha hiMsA kA phala nahIM degA yadyapi usake kArya se kisI jIva kA ghAta hI kyoM na ho gayA ho aura ThIka isake viparIta yadi kisI ke pariNAma meM hiMsArUpatA A jAtI hai yAnI kartA kaSAyavaza ho jAtA hai to use hiMsA kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai, bhale hI usake dvArA kisI kA ghAta nahIM huA ho / ThIka isI taraha jo vyakti bAhya hiMsA kama karatA hai, kintu pariNAma yAnI hiMsAbhAva meM adhika lipta rahatA hai to use tIvra karmabaMdha kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai aura jo vyakti bAhya hiMsA to acAnaka adhika kara jAtA hai lekina hiMsAbhAva meM kama lipta rahatA hai to use maMda karmabaMdha kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai / yadi do vyakti milakara hiMsA karate haiM to donoM meM jisakA kaSAyabhAva tIvra hogA vaha hiMsA ke adhika phala kA 1. pravacanasAra, a. 2, gAthA 57, 66. 2. mUlAcAra, bRhatpratyAkhyAna saMstarastavAdhikAra, gAthA 41; paMcAcArAdhikAra, gAthA 238, 236; dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra, gAthA 736. 167

Page #187
168 jaina dharma meM hiMsA bhAgI hogA / isI meM Age kahA gayA hai - 'kisI ne hiMsA karane kA vicAra kiyA parantu avasara na milane se usa hiMsA ke karane ke pahile hI una kaSAya- pariNAmoM ke dvArA ( jinase hiMsA kA saMkalpa kiyA gayA thA ) baMdhe hue karmoM kA phala udaya meM A gayA, pazcAt icchita hiMsA karane ko samartha ho sakA aisI avasthA meM hiMsA karane se pahile hI usa hiMsA kA phala bhoga liyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra kisI ne hiMsA karane kA vicAra kiyA aura isa vicAra dvArA bAMdhe hue karmoM ke phala ke udaya meM Ane kI avadhi taka vaha ukta hiMsA karane ko samartha ho sakA to aisI dazA meM hiMsA karate hI usakA phala bhoganA siddha hotA hai / kisI ne sAmAnyata: hiMsA karake pazcAt usakA udaya kAla meM phala pAyA arthAt kara cukane para phala paayaa| kisI ne hiMsA karane kA Arambha kiyA thA, parantu kisI kAraNa hiMsA karane meM zaktivAn nahIM ho sakA, tathApi AraMbhajanita baMdha kA phala use avazya hI bhoganA par3egA; arthAt na karane para bhI hiMsA kA phala bhogA jAtA hai / prayojana kevala itanA hI hai ki kaSAyabhAvoM ke anusAra phala milatA hai / ' 2 aisA bhI hotA hai ki hiMsA eka vyakti karatA hai parantu phala bhoganevAle adhika hote haiM, yaha taba hotA hai jaba kisI ke dvArA kI gaI hiMsA ko dekhakara anya bahuta se loga usakA anumodana karate haiM aura prasanna hote haiM / kabhI-kabhI hiMsA bahuta se loga karate haiM kintu usake phala kA bhAgI eka hI vyakti hotA hai, jaise yuddha meM 1. vidhAyApi hihiMsAM hisAphalabhAjanaM bhavatyekaH / kRtvApyaparo hisAM hisAphalabhAjanaM na syAt / / 51|| ekasyAlahiMsA dadAti kAle phalamanalam / ghanyasva mahAhiMsA svalpaphalA bhavati paripAke // 52 // ekasya se tIvraM dizati phalaM saina mandamanyasya / vrajati sahakAriNorapi hiMsA vaicitryamatra phalakAle / / 53 / / 2. prAgeva phalati hiMsA'kriyANA phalati phalati ca kRtApi / prArabhya kartumakRtApi phalati hisAnubhAvena // 54 // - puruSArthasiyupAya vahI

Page #188
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 169 lar3anevAle bahuta se sainika hiMsA karate haiM lekina usa hiMsA ke phala kA bhAgI sirpha Adeza dene vAlA senAnAyaka yA rAjA hotA hai|' hiMsA ke poSaka tattva : hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya tathA parigraha-ye pA~ca AsravadvAra mAne gaye haiN| yadyapi ina pA~coM kI gaNanA alaga-alaga hotI hai, inameM hiMsA pApa saMcaya kA bahata bar3A sAdhana hai aura anya cAra antatogatvA isI kI puSTi karate haiN| kisa prakAra anya cAra hiMsA kA poSaNa karate haiM, isakA eka acchA vizleSaNa "puruSArthasiddhayupAya" meM milatA hai / isameM sApha-sApha kahA gayA hai-- hiMsAto'nRtavacanAtsteyAdabrahmataH parigrahataH / kAnyaka deza viratezcAritraM jAyate dvividham // 40 // nirataH kAtsnyaM nivRttau bhavati yAtaH samayasArabhUto'ya / yA tvekadezaviratiniratastasyAmupAsako bhavati // 41 / / AtmapariNAmahiMsanahetutvAtsabameva hisatat / anRtavacanAdi kegala mudAhRta zijyabodhAya / / 42 // arthAt hiMsA, asatya, corI, kuzIlatA ( abrahma vayaM ) tathA parigraha ko saba taraha se saba sthAna para tyAgane ko sakalacAritra tathA eka dezavizeSa para tyAga karane ko deza vAritra kahate haiM / yadyapi ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie inheM bheda karake kahA jAtA hai, vAstava meM AtmA ke zuddhopayogarUpa pariNAmoM kA ghAta hone ke kAraNa ye sabhI hiMsA hI haiM / 2 Age vizleSaNa karake yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki kisa prakAra ye hiMsA kI puSTi karate haiM asatya-asatya ke cAra bheda hote haiM --1. dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se astirUpa ko nAsti kahanA, 2. nAsti ko asti kahanA 3. jo vastu vidyamAna ho usakI jagaha para koI 1. eka: karoti hisAM bhavanti phala nAgino bahavaH / bahavo vidadhAti hisAM hiMsA kAsagnamatyetAH // 55 / / -puruSArthasiddhayupAya / 2. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 40-42.

Page #189
170 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA anyavastu batAnA, 4. isa asatya ke andara tIna bheda hote haiM1. gahita, 2. sAvadha arthAt pApasahita aura 3. apriya / ' / gahita : duSTatA athavA cugalIrUpa, hAsyayukta, kaThora, mithyA zraddhAnapUrNa, pralAparUpa tathA anya jo zAstra viruddha haiN| sAvadha : chedane, bhedane, mAraNe, zoSaNe athavA vyApAra, corI Adi ke vacana haiM ve saba pApajanaka haiM kyoMki inase hiMsAdi pApa pravRttiyoM kA sRjana hotA hai| apriya : jo zabda kisI jIva kI aprIti, bhaya, kheda, vaira, zoka, ___kalaha Adi paidA karanevAlA hai vaha saba apriya hai| cUMki ye sabhI bacana kaSAyayukta hote haiM yAnI ye pramAdasahita hote haiM aura pramAda hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai, ataH ye saba bacana bhI hiMsA hI hue| kabhI pApa kI nindA karate hue munijana upadeza dete haiM aura ye bacana pApiyoM ke lie atyanta kaSTadAyaka hote haiM, kintu unake bacanoM meM pramAda nahIM hotaa| ataH ve anta yA asatya bhASaNa ke doSa se baca jAte haiN| steya-corI bhI hiMsA hI hai| kyoMki isameM bhI prANavadha hotA hai aura yaha bhI kaSAya ke kAraNa hI hotI hai| anya jIva 1. vahI, zloka 62-65. paizUnyahAsagarbha karkazamasamaJjasaM pralapitaM ca / anyadapi yadutsUtraM tatsarva garhitaM gaditam / / 6 / / chedanabhedanamAraNakarSaNavANijyacauryavacanAdi / tatsAvadhaM yasmAtprANivadhAdyAH pravartante // 17 // paratikaraM bhItikaraM khedakaraM vairazokakalahakaram / yadaparamapi tApakaraM parasya tatsarvamapriyaM jJeyam // 18 // sarvasminnapyasminpramattayogaikahetukathanaM yat / anutavacane'pi tasmAnni yataM hiMsA samavatarati IIEI hetI pramattayoge nirdiSTe sakalavitathavacanAnAm / heyAnuSThAnAderanuvadanaM bhavati nAsatyam ||100|-purussaarthsiddhyupaay / pavitIrNasya grahaNaM parigrahasya pramattayogAdyat / tatpratyeyaM steyaM saiva ca hiMsA vadhasya hetutvAt // 10 //

Page #190
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 171 kA prANaghAta karane ke nimitta corI karanevAle ke mana meM pramAda kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / pramAda ke kAraNa sarvaprathama usakA svataH bhAvaprANa hiMsita hotA hai aura corI prakaTa hone para usake dravyaprANa kA ghAta hotA hai| phira jisake iSTa vastu kI corI hotI hai, usake bhAvaprANa kA ghAta hotA hai aura kabhI-kabhI usakA dravyaprANa bhI hiMsita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki corI kI gaI vastu usake dravyaprANa kA poSaka hotI hai| jisa prakAra indriya, zvAsocchavAsAdi jIvana ke antaHprANa haiM, usI prakAra dhana, sampadAdi bAhyaprANa haiM yAnI bAhyaprANa ke poSaka haiN| ataH corI se bAhyaprANa kI hiMsA to hotI hI hai, antaHprANa kI hiMsA kI bhI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai aura kabhI-kabhI to ho bhI jAtI hai| aisA kahanA ki jahA~-jahA~ corI hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ hiMsA hotI hai, sahI nahIM hai| pramAdavaza corI hI hiMsA kI zreNI meM AtI hai| isIlie vItarAga sarvajJa ko corI kA doSa nahIM lagatA, yadyapi ve dravyanokarma vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karate haiM, joki sAmAnya DhaMga se adatAdAna yAnI corI hai, kyoMki mohanIya karma ke abhAva meM unameM pramattayogarUpa kAraNa kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| abrahmacarya-puruSa, strI aura napusaka-ye tIna veda haiM yAnI tIna jAtiyAM haiM, aura inake rAgabhAvarUpa uttejanA se jor3e kA sahavAsa aura maithuna yAnI saMbhoga hotA hai, jo abrahma kahA jAtA hai| isa abrahma ke saba sthAnoM meM hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai aura hotI hai; jaise-strI kI yonI, nAbhi, kuca, kAMkha Adi / ina sthAnoM meM sarvadA sammarchana paMcendriya jIva paidA hote rahate haiN| ataH maithuna meM dravya prANoM kA vinAza to hotA hI hai / kAma bhAva arthAnAma ya ete prANA ete bahizcarAH pusAm / harati sa tasya prANAn yo yasya jano haratyarthAn // 10 // hiMsAyAH steyasya ca nAvyApti: sughaTa eva sA yasmAt / grahaNe pramattayogo dravyasya svIkRtasyAnyaiH / / 104 / / nAtivyAptizca tayoH pramattayogaikakAraNavirodhAt / mapi karmAnugrahage nIrAgANAmavidyamAnatvAt // 1051 -puruSArthasiyupAya /

Page #191
172 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ke kAraNa strI-puruSa ke bhAva prANoM kA ghAta aura maithana ke kAraNa zArIrika zithilatA hone se dravya prANoM kA ghAta hotA hai| maithana ke kAraNa yoni meM anekoM jIva usa prakAra marate haiM, jisa prakAra tiloM kI banI haI nalI meM tapA haA lohA DAlane se tila jalakara vinaSTa ho jAte haiM / rAgAdi kI tIvratA yA adhikatA ke kAraNa hiMsA hotI hai aura kAma-tIvratA ke binA kAma-krIr3A hotI nahIM, ataH kAma-krIr3A hiMsA hai|' kucha virodhI matavAloM kA kathana hai ki cUMki mAtra pIr3A denA hI hiMsA hai, maithuna ko hiMsA nahIM samajhanA cAhiye, kyoMki yaha kriyA anya jIva ko binA kaSTa pahu~cAye bhI kI jAtI hai / jaise ___ "piMga nAmaka pakSiNI vinA hilAye jalapAna karatI hai isIliye kisI jIva ko usake jalapAna se duHkha nahIM hotA - aura usakI tRpti bhI ho jAtI hai, isI taraha samAgama kI prArthanA karanevAlI strI ke sAtha samAgama karane se kisI jIva ko duHkha nahIM hotA hai aura apanI tRpti bhI ho jAtI hai, isaliye isa kArya meM doSa kahA~ se ho sakatA hai ?"2 aise vicAra vAloM ko jainamatAnusAra pArzvastha, mithyA. dRSTi evaM anArya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki mAtra pIr3A denA hI doSa nahIM hotA balki bahuta se naitika doSa haiM jinameM hiMsA eka hai / parigraha-"moha ke udaya se bhAvoM kA mamatvarUpa pariNamana honA mUrchA hai aura mUrchA hI parigraha hai| 1. yadvedarAgayogAnmaithunamabhidhIyate tadabrahma / avatarati tatra hiMsA vadhasya sarvatra sadbhAvAt // 107 / / hiMsyante tilanAlyAM taptAyata vinihite tilA yadvat / bahavo jIvA yonau hiscante maithune tadvat // 108 // yadapi kriyate kiMcinmadanodre kaadnnggrmnnaadi| tatrApi bhavati hiMsA rAgAdyutpattitaMtratvAt ||106||-purussaarthsiddhyupaay / 2. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, a0 3, uddezya 4, sUtra 12. 3. yA mUrchAnAmeyaM vijJAtavyaH parigraho hyaSaH / mohodayAdudorNo mUrchA tu mamatvapariNAmaH ||111||-purussaarthsiddhyupaay /

Page #192
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 173 cUMki parigraha kA lakSaNa mUrchA hai, yadi koI vyakti mUrchA kA sadbhAva rakhatA hai to vaha parigrahI hogA hI, bhale hI vaha nagna hI kyoM na rahatA ho| jahA~-jahA~ mUrchA hogI vahAM-vahA~ parigraha hogA hii| yadi koI aisA kahatA hai ki mUrchA kA saMbaMdha kevala antaraMga parigraha se hai, kyoMki mUrchA antaraMga pariNAmoM meM se hai to usakA aisA kahanA sahI nahIM hogA, kyoMki mUrchA kI utpatti meM bAhya padArtha kAraNa hote haiN| ataH bAhya padArthoM meM parigrahatva pAyA jAtA hai| kintu vItarAga puruSa ke dvArA bAhya padArtha grahaNa karane meM parigrahatva nahIM pAyA jAtA, kyoMki unameM mUrchA nahIM pAyI jaatii| isa prakAra parigraha pradhAnataura se do haiM1. aMtaraMga aura 2. bahiraMga / antaraMga parigraha ke caudaha bheda hote haiM-mithyAtva, strI, puruSa, napuMsaka, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / bahiraMga ke do bheda hote haiM-1. acitta aura 2. sacitta / ye sabhI parigraha kabhI bhI hiMsArahita nahIM hote| 1. mUrchAlakSaNakaraNAta sughaTA vyAptiH parigrahatvasya / sagrantho mUrchAvAn vinApi kila zeSasaMgebhyaH // 112 // yadyevaM bhavati tadA parigraho na khalu kopi bahiraMgaH / bhavati nitarAM yato'sau dhatte mUrchAnimittatvam // 113 // evamativyAptiH syAtparigrahasyeti cedbhavennaivam / yasmAdakaSAyANAM karmagrahaNe na mUrchAsti // 114 / / pratisaMkSepAdvividhaH sa bhavedAbhyantarazca bAhyazca / prathamazcaturdazavidho bhavati dvividho dvitIyastu // 115 // mithyAtvavedarAgAstathaiva hAsyAdayazca SaDdoSAH / catvArazca kaSAyAzcaturdazAbhyantarA granthAH // 11 // atha nizcittasacittau bAhyasya parigrahasya bhedI dvau / neSa: kadApi saMga: sarvo'pyativarttate hiMsAM // 117 // -puruSArthasiddha yupaay|

Page #193
174 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA: ahiMsA kA sahI-sahI avalokana nimnaprakAreNa ho sakatA hai ahiMsA ke vibhinna nAma-praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM ahiMsA ke sATha nAma milate haiN| ina nAmoM kA sambandha bhASAgata vyutpatti ke AdhAra para nahIM balki inake artha evaM kArya ke AdhAra para hai| isa grantha ke mUla meM to mAtra ina nAmoM ko carcA yA ginatI milatI hai, kintu jJAnavimalasUrijI, ghAsIlAlajI Adi isake vyAkhyAkAroM ne ina nAmoM kI sArthakatA para prakAza DAlA hai jo isa prakAra hai 1. nivvANa--nirvANa--mokSa : ahiMsA ko nirvANa kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai kyoMki yaha nirvANa yAnI mokSa kA kAraNa hotI hai yA yoM kaheM ki yaha mokSadAyinI hotI hai| . 2. nivvaI-nivRti-svAsthya : nirvRti yAnI svAsthya kI prApti taba hotI hai jaba karmoM kA AtyaMtika abhAva ho jAtA hai aura yaha svasthatA kI sthiti mana kI prasannatA, nizcintatA tathA duHkhoM kI pUrNa nirvRti kI sthiti hotI hai joki pUrNarUpeNa ahiMsA para hI AdhArita hotI hai / ataH ahiMsA ko nirvRti kahA jAtA hai| 3 samAhI-samAdhi-samatA : cUMki ahiMsA samatA kA kAraNa hotI hai ata: ise samAdhirUpa kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki kAraNa meM kArya nihita hotA hai / 4. saMtI-zAnti : zAnti vahIM hotI hai jahA~ para droha kA abhAva hotA hai aura ahiMsA ke sAtha droha bilkula nahIM hotA, ata: ise zAnti kahate haiM yAnI yaha zAntipradAyinI hotI hai| 1. 1. nirvANaM mokSastaddhetutvAt, 2. nirvRti: svAsthyaM durvyAnarahitatvAt, 3. samAdhi: samatAzaktikAraNAt, 4. zAnti: paradrohaviratiH,

Page #194
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 175. 5. kittI-kIrti-yaza : ahiMsA ke patha para calanevAle loga santa, mahAtmA, mahApuruSa Adi nAmoM se sambodhita hote haiM, ve sanapriya evaM pUjya hote haiM, unakI kIrtidhvajA AkAza ko chatI hai, arthAta ahiMsA se yaza kI prApti hotI hai| ataH ahiMsA kA eka nAma kIrti bhI hai| 6. kaMtI-kAnti-prasannatA : ahiMsA ko kAnti kahate haiM kyoMki yaha kAnti, teja, pratApa, saundarya evaM zobhA pradAna karatI hai| 7. raiya ( raI )-rati : AnandadAyinI hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA rati kahalAtI hai| 8. viraiya (viraI)-virati-virAga : yaha sAvadya karmoM se virAga paidA karatI hai, ataH ise virati kahate haiN| 6. suyaMga-zrutAMga : yaha zrutAMga kahalAtI hai, kAraNa zruta hI isake .. aMga haiM yAnI zrutajJAna hI isakA AdhAra hai| 10. tittI-tRpti-saMtoSa : isase sabhI prANiyoM ko santoSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai yAnI yaha santoSa kA kAraNa hai / ataH ise tRpti nAma se bhI sambodhita karate haiN| 11. dayA-prANirakSA : isake kAraNa sabhI jIvoM kI prANarakSA hotI haiM, isalie ise dayA bhI kahate haiN| 12. vimuttI-vimukti-mukti : ahiMsA saMsAra ke sabhI vadha evaM bandhanoM se mukti dilAnevAlI hotI hai, ataH ise vimukti kahate haiN| 13. khaMtI-kSAnti : yaha krodhAdi samasta kaSAyoM kA nigraha karane vAlI hai, isa vajaha se ise kSAnti kahate haiM / 5. kItiyaza: khyAtiH, 6. kAntiH zobhAkAraNatvAt, 7. ratiHsarveSAM rAgahetutvAt, 8.. viratinivRtiH, 6-10. zrutaM zrutajJAnaM tadeva aMga kAraNaM yasyAH sA 'paDhamaM nANaM tamo dayA' iti pAThAt, tRptiH santoSastasya hetutvAt tRptiH, 11. dayA dehirakSA, 12. vimucyate prANI sakalavaSabandhanebhyo yayA sA vibhuktiH, 13. krodhanigrahaH tajjanitA'hiMsA'pi,

Page #195
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 14. sammattAehaNA-samyakatvArAdhanA : samyakatva kI ArAdhanA ahiMsA para hI AdhArita hotI hai, ataH ise samyakatvA rAdhanA nAma se pukArate haiN| 15. mahaMtI-mahatI : dharma ke kSetra meM isakI sarvazreSThatA hI isakA nAmakaraNa mahatI karAtI hai| 16. bohI-bodhi-sarvajJI : yaha sarvajJa pratipAdita dharma kI prApti karAnevAlI hai ataH ise bodhi kahA jAtA hai| 17. buddhi-buddhi : yaha saphalatA denevAlI hai| . 18. dhitI-dhRti : ahiMsA citta ko dhRti yAnI dhairya denevAlI hai, isalie ise dhRti kahate haiN| 16. samiddhI-samRddhi : yaha samRddhi yAnI Ananda kI jananI hai, isI kAraNa ise samRddhi nAma milA hai| 20. riddhI-Rddhi : Rddhi yAnI lakSmI arthAt dhana denevAlI hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA Rddhi kahalAtI hai| 21. viddhI-vRddhi : isake kAraNa puNya prakRti kI vRddhi hotI hai yAnI puNyavRddhi hotI hai, ataH ise vRddhi kahate haiN| 22. ThiI ( ThitI )-sthiti : zAzvata sthiti yAnI mokSa pradAna karanevAlI hai, isalie ise ThitI vA sthiti kahate haiM / 23. puTThI-puSTi : ahiMsA puNya kA upacaya yA saMcaya karatI hai yAnI puNya kI puSTi karatI hai, ataH ise puSTi kahate haiN| 24. naMdA-nandA : yaha sva yA para sabhI jIvoM ko Anandita karatI hai, isalie yaha nandA kahalAtI hai| 25. bhaddA-bhadrA : yaha apane aura parAye kA bhI kalyANa karatI hai, isalie ise bhadrA nAma se sambodhita karate haiN| 14. samyagpratItirUpaM syAdvAde samyagbodho vAtasya aArAdhanA-sevanA, 15. mahantI sarvadharmAnuSThAnAnAM madhye bRhatI yaduktaM, 16. sarvajJadharmaprApti: ahiMsA, 17. sAphalyakAraNatvAt, 18. dhRtizcittadADhyaM, 16. pAnandahetattvAt, 20. lakSmIhetRtvAt, 21. puNyaprakRtisampAdanAt, 22. sAdyaparyavasitamokSasthitihetutvAt, 23. puNyopacayakAraNatvAt, 24. nandayati svaM paraM vA iti nandA, 25. kalyANaM svasya pareSAM vA karotIti bhadrA,

Page #196
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 177 26. visuddhI -- vizuddhi : pApa kA kSaya karake jIva ko vizuddha yA nirmala ( binA kisI mala ke ) banA detI hai / isa kAryadakSatA ke kAraNa yaha vizuddhi nAma se pukArI jAtI hai | 27. laddhI - labdhi : isake prabhAva se hI kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana Adi labdhiyA~ hotI haiM, isalie ise labdhi kahate haiM / 28. visidiTThI - viziSTadRSTi : ahiMsA pradhAna darzana hai, isa kAraNa ise viziSTa dRSTi kahA jAtA hai / 29. kallANa--kalyANa : yaha kalyANa yAnI ArogyatA tathA mokSa pradAna karane ke kAraNa kalyANa kahI jAtI hai / 30. maMgala - yaha pApoM kA upazamana karatI hai, isalie maMgala ke nAma se bhI sambodhita hotI hai / 31. pamoa - pramoda - harSa : harSotpAdaka hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA pramoda kahalAtI hai / 32. vibhUI - vibhUti : sabhI prakAra kI RddhiyA~ dene ke kAraNa yaha vibhUti kahI jAtI hai / 33. rakkhA - rakSA : isase jIvoM kI rakSA hotI hai, ataH yaha rakSA kahI jAtI hai / 34. siddhavAsa - siddhAvAsa : isake abhyAsa se jova siddhoM ke AvAsa yA nivAsa meM siddhagati nAmaka sthAna pA jAtA hai ( ghAsI kalyANaM, 26. pApakSayopAyatvena jIva nirmalatAsvarUpatvAt 27 labdhiH kevalajJAnAdilabdhinimittatvAt, 28. pradhAnadarzanaM syAdvAdamityarthaH anya darzanasyA'prAdhAnyameva yaduktaM, 29. ArogyaM tatprApakatvA30. duritApazamakatvAt, 31. harSotpAdakatvAt, 32. sarvaRddhisaMpannimittatvAt, 33. jIvarakSaNasvabhAvatvAt, 34. sAdyaparyavasitamokSagati nivAsahetutvAt ( praznavyAkaraNa sUtra - a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti dvArA prakAzita, rAjakoTa, 1962, pRSTha 565-66; praznavyAkaraNa sUtra - anu0 ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, pR0 159 ; mokSanibandhanatvAt - praznavyAkaraNasUtra - jJAnavimalasUri,

Page #197
178 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA lAlajI) / mokSa ke akSaya nivAsa ko denevAlI hai (ghavaracanda bA~ThiyA) / 35. aNAsava - anAzrava : ahiMsA karma-bandhana ko rokane vAlI hai ataH yaha anAzrava kahI jAtI hai / 36. kevalI-ThANa - kevali-sthAna : kevalajJAnI vahI hotA hai jo ahiMsaka hotA hai, kevalajJAnI isakA Azraya lete haiM / ataH yaha kevalIsthAna kahI jAtI hai | 37. siva - ziva : jo ahiMsaka hotA hai use kisI bhI upadrava kA bhaya nahIM hotA hai / arthAt ahiMsA nirupadrava hone kA kAraNa banatI hai / isa vajaha se ise ziva kahate haiM / - 38. samiI - samiti - samyak pravRtti: cUMki yaha samyak pravRttirUpa hotI hai, ataH ise samiti kahate haiM / 39. sIla - zIla samAdhi : ahiMsA samAdhAna yA samAdhi kA kAraNa banatI hai ata: yaha zIla kahalAtI hai / 40. saMjama - saMyama : hiMsA - nivRttirUpa hai arthAt hiMsA - nivAraNa, jo saMyama hai, usakA yaha sAdhana hai isaliye ise saMyama nAma se saMbodhita karate haiM / 41. solaghara - zIlagRha : sadAcAra yA brahmacarya Adi kA yaha sthAna hai yAnI cAritra kA yaha gRha hai, isaliye ise zIlagRha kahate haiM / 42. saMvara - Azrava arthAt karmoM ke bandha ko rokanevAlI hai, ataeva yaha saMvara nAma se saMbodhita hotI hai / 43. guttI - gupti : ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana se jIvoM kI azubha pravRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiM, ata: ise gupti kahA jAtA hai | saMvaradvAre ahiMsAyA nAmAni ) / 35. karmabandhananirodhopAyatvAt, 36. kevalInAmahiMsaiva tatravyavasthitatvAt, 37. nirupadravahetutvAt, 38. samyaka pravRttirUpatvAt 36. samAdhAnarUpatvAt, 40. hiMsoparatatvAt . 41. zIlaM sadAcAro brahma vA tasya gRhaM cAritrasthAnaM, 42. saMvarazca pratItAnAzravatvena, 43. azubhAnAM manaHprabhRtInAM rodhaH, "

Page #198
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 179 44. vavasAa-vyavasAya : yaha jIva kA eka viziSTa vyavasAya yA vyApAra hai, isaliye ise vyavasAya kahate haiN| 45. ussaa-ucchraya : zubha bhAvoM ko unnati dene ke kAraNa ise ucchraya kahA jAtA hai| 46. janna--yajJa : ahiMsA bhAva pUjA rUpa hai, ata: yaha yajJa nAma se saMbodhita hotI hai| yaha vyAkhyA jJAna vimalasUri tathA ghebaracandra bA~ThiyA dvArA kI gaI hai kintu ghAsIlAlajI ke anusAra ahiMsA yajJa kahalAtI hai kyoMki isase svargAdi sadgati prApta hotI hai / lekina bhAvapUjA kA saMbaMdha yajJa se tathA ahiMsA se honA sahI dikhatA hai| kyoMki pUjA yajJa kA aMga hai aura bhAvapUjA bhAvapradhAna hai, jaisA ki ahiMsA bhI bhAvapradhAna hai| 47. AyataNa-Ayatana-Azraya : yaha guNoM kA Azraya yA sthAna hai ataH Ayatana kahalAtI hai| 48. yajaNa-yatana yaha abhayadAna denevAlI hotI hai, ata: yajanA kaha lAtI hai, athavA prANiyoM kI prANarakSA kA prayatna karatI hai, ataH yatanA yA yatna kahalAtI hai| 46. appamAya-apramAda : isase pramAda kA parityAga ho jAtA hai isa liye ise apramAda kahate haiN| 50. assAsa-AzvAsa : yaha para prANiyoM kI tRpti kA kAraNa hai athavA kaSTa meM isake dvArA dUsaroM ko dhairya baMdhAyA jAtA hai, ata: ise AzvAsa kahate haiN| 51. vIsA -- vizvAsa : ahiMsA apane ko tathA dUsaroM ko vizvAsa dilAnevAlI hai. ataH ise vizvAsa kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| 44. viziSTa : zobhanaH avasAyaH avikalabhAvasaMpannatvAt viziSTa vyApAraH, 45. ucchayo-bhAvonnatitvaM, 46. yajJo bhAvadevapUjA (jJAnavimalasUri tathA ghevaracanda bA~ThiyA ), svargAdisadgatidAyakatvAt , 47. AyatanaM-guNAnAM AzrayaH, 48. yajana (ghAsIlAlajI) abhayasya dAnaM yatanaM vA-prANarakSaNaprayatnaH, 49. apramAdaH pramAdavarjanaM, 50. AzvAsaH paramatRptihetutvAt , 51. vizvAso-visaMbhaH prANinAM,

Page #199
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 180 52. abhaa - abhaya : yaha saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko abhaya pradAna karatI hai, isake kAraNa ise abhaya bhI kahate haiM / 53. amAghAa - amAghAta : kisI bhI prANI kA ghAtarUpa na hone se yaha amAghAta vA amAri kahalAtI hai / 54. cokha - cokSA : ahiMsA pavitra vastuoM meM bhI pavitra samajhI jAtI hai, ataH isakA nAmakaraNa cokSA bhI hotA hai / 55. pavittA - pavitrA: pavitra bhAvanA kA saMcAra karatI hai isalie ise pavitrA kahate haiM / 56. suI - zuci : ahiMsA bhAvazuci yAnI bhAvazuddhatA kA kAraNa hai ataH yaha zuci kahalAtI hai / 57. pUyA - pUjA athavA pUtA - pavitrA: yaha pavitra hai tathA bhAva - pUjA hai ataH ise pUjA yA pUtA kahA jAtA hai / 58. vimala - ahiMsA mithyAtva tathA avirati Adi maloM se rahita hai, isaliye ise vimala kahate haiM ( ghAsIlAlajI ) 59. pabhAsA - prabhAsA - prakAza : yaha kevalajJAnarUpa jyotisvarUpa hone se prakAzarUpa hai / isaliye ise prabhAsa kahate haiM / 52. abhaya - sarvaprANigaNasya nirbhayatvaM, 53. amAghAtaH amAriH (jJAnavi0sUri), savvarasavi amAghAo sarvasyApi sakalaprANigaNasya amAghAtaHmA-lakSmIH, sA ca dvedhA dhanalakSmIH prANalakSmIzca tasyA ghAto hananaM mAghAto. namAghAto amAghAtaH- amAriH svapadadvArA prANinAM prANatrANakaraNAt (ghA0 ), 54 cokSA - pavitrA pavitrAdapi pavitrA ekArthazabdadvayopAdAnAt atyathaM pavitrA athavA 55 pavivat vajravat trAyate iti pavitrA (jJA0vi0 sU0), Atmanairmala hetutvAt (ghA0 ) 56. zuciH- bhAvazaucarUpA Aha ca...., 57. pUtA pavitrA pUjA vA bhAvato devatAyA arcanaM 58 - 56. vimala: prabhAsA ca tannibandhanatvAt, ( zA0vi0 ) mithyAtvAviratyAdimalavarjitatatvAt (58, ghA0lA0 ) ; prakAzarUpA kevalajJAnajyotIrUpatvAt, sarvaprANinAM sukhaprakAzakatvAcca 59, ghA0lA0 ),

Page #200
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 181 60. nimmalatara - nirmalatara : ahiMsA ke prAdurbhUta hote hI sabhI karma - raja haTa jAte haiM aura jIva nirmala ho jAtA hai, ataH ise nirmalatara kahate haiM / ahiMsA kI paribhASA : ataH sAmAnyataura se kisI bhI vastu ko do taraha se paribhASita kiyA jAtA hai - vyAvahArika DhaMga se evaM vaijJAnika DhaMga se / vyAvahArika paribhASA ke zabda vastu-saMbaMdhI sabhI bAtoM para prakAza nahIM DAlate, unheM pUrNataH samajhane ke lie unameM kucha bAteM milAnI par3atI haiM, tathA viSaya ke AdhAra para kucha anumAna bhI karanA par3atA hai / kintu vaijJAnika paribhASA, jise paribhASA kA sahI rUpa samajhA jAtA hai, vastu saMbaMdhI sabhI bAtoM ko apane zabdoM dvArA spaSTa kara detI hai, vastu kI eka sImA nirdhArita kara detI hai; isameM na to paribhASita vastu kA koI aMza chUTa pAtA hai aura na koI anAvazyaka bAta milA hI lI jAtI hai | ahiMsA ke sAtha bhI aisI hI bAta pAI jAtI hai arthAt isakI bhI vyAvahArika tathA vaijJAnika paribhASAyeM haiM / AcArAMga meM kahA hai savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA na haMtavyA na bajjAveyabvA, na na pariyAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA, esa savve sattA, paridhittavyA, dhamme suddhe / arthAt - saba prANI, saba bhUta, saba jIva aura saba satvoM ko na mAranA cAhiye, na anya vyakti ke dvArA maravAnA cAhiye, na balAtkAra se pakar3anA cAhie, na paritApa denA cAhiye, na una para prANApahAraupadrava karanA cAhiye, yaha ahiMsArUpa dharma hI zuddha hai / " 60. karmarajorahitaM ....(jJAna vi0sU0), sakalakarmama lavarjitatvAt (ghA0 lA0) / 1. AcArAMgasUtra - AtmArAmajI, prathama zra taskaMSa, caturtha adhyayana, udda ezaka 1, pRSTha 270.

Page #201
182 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA yadyapi isa kathana ke mUla meM 'ahiMsA' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, vyAkhyAkAra ne vastu evaM viSaya kI spaSTatA ke lie isameM 'ahiMsA' zabda bar3hA diyA hai, kyoMki isa kathana meM jo bhI bAteM kahI gaI haiM, ve ahiMsA para hI lAgU hotI haiM tathA isameM jisa zuddha dharma kA pratipAdana huA hai, use ahiMsA hI mAnA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM pAyA jAtA hai savvAhi aNujuttIhi, matimaM pddilehiyaa| savve akkaMtadukkhA ya, ato sabve na hisayA // 9 // eyaM khu NANiNo sAraM, jaM na hisati kaMcaNa / ahiMsA samayaM ceva, etAvaMtaM vijANiyA // 10 // arthAt-buddhimAna saba yuktiyoM ke dvArA ina jIvoM kA jIvapanA siddha karake ye sabhI du:kha ke dveSI haiM (yAnI duHkha apriya hai ) yaha jAne tathA isI kAraNa kisI kI bhI hiMsA na kre| jJAnI puruSa kA yahI uttama jJAna hai ki ve kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karate haiM, ahiMsA kA siddhAnta bhI itanA hI jAnanA cAhiye / ' / isa paribhASA meM tIna bAteM batAI gaI haiM -- 1. buddhimAna ko sabhI yuktiyoM ke dvArA jIvoM ke jIvapane ko jAnanA __ cAhie, 2. phira yaha bhI jAnanA cAhiye ki sabhI jIvoM ko kaSTa apriya hotA hai tathA 3. ina donoM bAtoM ko jAnakara kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| arthAt hiMsA karane se bacane kA prayAsa AdamI tabhI kara sakatA hai jabaki vaha prathama do bAtoM ko jAnatA ho| isI grantha ke prathama khaNDa meM kahA hai 1. sUtrakRtAMga saM0-60 a0 ojhA, pra0 zra , tRtIya khaNDa, adhyayana 11, pR010, 51 prathama khaNDa, pR0 184, 186, gAthA 9,10 bhI dekheM /

Page #202
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 183 tiviheNavi pANa mA haNe, Ayahite aNiyANasaMvuDe / ( tiviheNavi ) mana, vacana aura kAya ina tInoM se (pANa mA haNe) prANiyoM ko na mAranA caahiye|' isa paribhASA meM mana, vacana aura karma arthAt tIna yoga kI pradhAnatA dikhAI gaI hai| tae NaM se ANaMde gAhAvaI samaNasta bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie tappaDhamayAe thUlagaM pANAivAyaM paccakkhAi jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi, maNasA vayasA kAyasA // 13 // isake pazcAt Ananda gAthApati ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa akhila vratoM meM zreSTha prathama vrata ke rUpa meM sthUla prANAtipAta arthAt sthUla hiMsA kA do karaNa tIna yoga se parityAga kiyaa| usane nizcaya kiyA ki yAvajjovana mana, vacana aura zarIra se sthUla prANAtipAta na svayaM karUMgA aura na dUsaroM se kraauuNgaa| ___ yahA~ para ahiMsA ko tona yoga tathA do karaNa ke bIca rakhA gayA hai| kintu AvazyakasUtra meM ahiMsA kI pUrNa paribhASA milatI hai| isameM kahA hai karemi bhaMte ! sAmAiyaM savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi, jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM, maNeNaM vAyAe kAraNaM, na karemi na kAravemi karataMpi annaM na samaNujANAmi / aho bhagavan ! maiM samabhAva meM AtmasthApana karane ke lie sAmAyika vrata karatA hU~, isameM sarvathA prakAra se sAvadha yoga pravRtti kA yAvat jIvana taka pratyAkhyAna karatA huuN| tIna karaNa aura tIna joga kr| isameM 1 sUtrakRtAMga, pra. khaM0, adhyayana 2, uhe. 3, gAthA 21, pR0 298. 2 upAsakadazAMgasUtra anu0 AtmArAmajI prA. adhyayana, sUtra 13, pRSTha 23-24.

Page #203
184 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA tIna joga so mana kara, vacana kara aura kAyA kara, tIna karaNa so svayaM karUM nahIM, anya ke pAsa karAU~ nahIM, anya karate ko acchA jAnU nhiiN| isake anusAra kisI bhI jIva kI tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se hiMsA na karanA hI ahiMsA hai| yaha jainadRSTi se ahiMsA kI vAstavika paribhASA hai| ina tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa ke saMyoga se nava prakAra bana jAte haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM tIna yoga (mana, vacana, karma ), tIna karaNa ( karanA, karavAnA, anumodana karanA)=9 yoga karaNa / arthAt 1. mana se hiMsA na karanA 2. mana se hisA na karavAnA 3. mana se hiMsA kA anumodana na karanA 1. vacana se hiMsA na karanA 2. vacana se hiMsA na karavAnA 3. vacana se hiMsA kA anumodana na karanA 1. kAya se hiMsA na karanA 2. kAya se hiMsA na karavAnA 3. kAya se hiMsA kA anumodana nahIM krnaa| ina nava prakAroM se kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta na karanA hI ahiMsA hai / yahI jainadRSTi se ahiMsA kA vAstavika siddhAnta hai| niyamasAra meM prathama vrata ahiMsA ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA gayA hai : kulajoNijIvamaggANa-ThANAisu jANaUNa jIvANaM / tassAraM bhaNiyattaNa-pariNAmo hoi paDhamavadaM // 54 // 1. AvazyakasUtra-amolaka RSi, mathama Avazyaka, sUtra 3, pRSTha 7. 2. niyamasAra-kundakundAcArya, saM* ugrasena, adhyayana , niyama 56

Page #204
185 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA jIva ke kula, yoni, mArga, sthAna Adi kI jAnakArI karake usake Arambha se bacanA hI prathama vrata hai yA ahiMsA hai| isa paribhASA kA hI eka bRhadrUpa mUlAcAra meM milatA hai kAryodayaguNamaggaNakulAujoNisu sadhajIvANaM / NAUNa ya ThANavisu hiMsAvi vivajjaNahiMsA // kAya, indriya, gugasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, kula, Ayu, yoni inameM saba jIvoM ko jAnakara kAyotsargAdi kriyAoM meM hiMsA Adi kA tyAga ahiMsA mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai na yatpramAdayogena jIvitavyaparopaNam / prasAnAM sthAvarANAzca tadahiMsAvataM matam // pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara trasa ( dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya ) athavA sthAvara (pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kAya ke ) prANiyoM kA hanana na karanA ahiMsA vrata hai| ___ dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane para ina sabhI paribhASAoM meM kucha na kucha antara avazya milatA hai| kisI meM ahiMsA ke kAraNa para to kisI meM jIva ke vibhinna prakAroM para to kisI meM hiMsA ke vibhinna prakAroM ko dikhAte hue unake apekSita bacAva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha antara isaliye nahIM hai ki granthakAroM ke vicAroM meM antara hai, balki zAyada isaliye hai ki AcAryoM ne ise paribhASita karane kA prayAsa hI nahIM kiyA hai| eka upadeza ke rUpa meM jisane jisa aMza ko adhika mahatvapUrNa samajhA hai usI para bala diyA hai| aisA isaliye kahA jA sakatA hai ki AgamoM meM mahAvIra ke hI vacana haiM aura yadi AcAryoM ne kucha bAteM kahI bhI haiM to mahAvIra dvArA upadezita siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hI kahI haiN| 1. mUlAcAra, mUlaguNAdhikAra 1, gAthA 5, pRSTha 3. 2. yogazAstra-saM0 muni samadarzI, pra. prakAza, zloka 2, pRSTha 10.

Page #205
186 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA ke rUpa : abhI hamalogoM ne hiMsA ke do rUpa dekhe - bhAva aura dravya, aura una donoM se bane hae cAra vikalpa bhii| ThIka usI taraha ahiMsA ke bhI do rUpa hote haiM, bhAva ahisA yAnI mana meM hiMsA na karane kI bhAvanA kA jAgrata honaa| jaise koI vyakti yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta nahIM kruuNgaa| dravya ahiMsA-yAnI mana meM Aye hue ahiMsA ke bhAva ko kriyArUpa denA arthAt usakA vacana aura kAya se pAlana karanA, jaise hiMsA na karane kA saMkalpa karanevAlA vAstava meM jisa dina se saMkalpa karatA hai, usa dina se kisI bhI prANI kI. hiMsA na karatA hai, na karAtA hai aura na karanevAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai| bhAva aura dravya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke cAra vikalpa isa prakAra bana sakate haiM - 1. bhAva ahiMsA aura dravya ahiMsA-koI vyakti mana meM saMkalpa karatA hai ki vaha sthUla prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karegA aura sacamuca vaha aisA hI karatA bhI hai to aisI ahiMsA bhAvarUpa tathA dravyarUpa donoM hI huii| ___ . bhAva ahiMsA kintu dravya ahiMsA nahIM-eka muni kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na karane kA saMkalpa karake yatnapUrvaka apanI rAha para cAra hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue calatA hai, phira bhI bahuta se jIvoM kA anajAne ghAta ho jAtA hai / ataH yahA~ para bhAva ahiMsA to huI kintu dravya ahiMsA nahIM huii| 3. bhAva ahiMsA nahIM parantu dravya ahiMsA-machuA machalI mArane ke uddezya se nadI kinAre jAla phailAye hue baiThA rahatA hai, kintu saMyogavaza kabhI-kabhI vaha eka bhI machalI nahIM pakar3a pAtA hai| ataH yahA~ para bhAva ahiMsA to nahIM hai kintu dravya ahisA hai|| 4. na bhAva ahiMsA aura na dravya ahiMsA-mAMsAdi ke lobha meM par3A huA AdamI jaba mRga Adi jIvoM ko mAratA hai to usake dvArA na bhAva ahiMsA hotI hai aura na dravya ahiMsA ho|

Page #206
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 187 ahiMsA ke prakAra : pradhAnataura se ahiMsA ke do prakAra hote haiM - 1. niSedhAtmaka aura 2. vidheyAtmaka / niSedha kA artha hotA hai kisI cIja ko rokanA, na hone denA / ataH niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA kA matalaba hotA hai kisI bhI prANI ke prANaghAta kA na honA yA kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa na denaa| ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hI adhika logoM ke dhyAna meM AtA hai / kintu ahiMsA sirpha kucha vizeSa prakAra kI kriyAoM ko na karane meM hI nahIM hotI balki kucha vizeSa prakAra kI kriyAoM ke karane meM bhI hotI hai, jaise dayA karanA, sahAyatA karanA, dAna karanA Adi / yahI saba kriyAyeM vidheyAtmaka ahiMsA kahalAtI haiN| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, Avazyaka sUtra Adi meM jo SaTakAyoM ko tIna karaNa tIna yoga se ghAta na pahu~cAne kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jise hamalogoM ne samajhane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai, vahI ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai| ataH aba hamaloga ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka rUpa ko samajhane kI koziza kreNge| dayA : praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM jahA~ para ahiMsA ke sATha nAma batAye gaye haiM, vahA~ para 'dayA' ko ahiMsA ke gyArahaveM nAma ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA se prANiyoM kI rakSA hotI hai, arthAt yaha jIvoM ke prANoM ke upamardanakRtya se rahita hone ke kAraNa dayArUpa hai|' dayA ke lie 'anukampA' 'karuNA' Adi zabda bhI vyavahRta hote haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne karuNA bhAvanA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai dIneSvArteSu bhIteSu yAcamAneSu jIvitam / pratokAraparA buddhiH kAruNyamabhidhIyate // 120 // 2 arthAt jo garIba haiM, yA duHkhadarda se saMtapta haiM, yA bhayabhIta haiM, yA prANoM kI bhIkha mAMgate haiM, aise prANiyoM ke kaSTa nivAraNa kI bhAvanA kA honA hI karuNA bhAvanA hai| 1. praznavyAkaraNa-dvitIya zrutaskandha, ahiMsA adhyayana, prathama saMvaradvAra / 2. yogazAstra, caturtha prakAza /

Page #207
188 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA karuNA yA dayA ke cAra vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiM - 1. dravyadayA-jIva mAnasika yA vAcika yA kAyika kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa kI icchA nahIM karatA jaisA ki hamalogoM ne AgamoM (AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi) meM ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vivecana ko prastuta karate hue dekhA hai| jo vyakti jJAnI haiM, ve apanI AtmA kI taraha hI dUsare jIvoM kI AtmAoM ko samajhakara kisI anya prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAte, aura jahA~ taka dUsaroM ke kaSTa nivAraNa meM ve apane ko saphala banA pAte haiM, vahA~ taka ve dravya dayA ke mArga para agrasara hote haiN| yadi koI vyakti apane, apane parivAra yA samAja, rASTrAdi ke lie kisI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa detA hai to vaha dayA ke patha kA pathabhraSTa pathika samajhA jAtA hai| 2. bhAvadayA paudgalika sukha jise sAmAnyataura se sukha ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai, anitya hotA hai ata: isakI anityatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jo vikasita prANI haiM, ve Atmika sukha kI prApti kI icchA karate haiN| kyoMki Atmika sukha nitya athavA zAzvata samajhA jAtA hai| jaba AtmaguNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai to Atmika sukha kI prApti hotI hai| ataH Atmika sukha prApti hetu niSkaMTaka patha prazasta karanA yA Atmika sukha ke lie patha pradarzita karanA hI bhAva dayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM AtmaguNoM kA vikAsa karanA bhAvadayA hai| kahA gayA hai-'AtmaguNa avirAdhanA bhAvadayA bhaNDAra / ' 3. svadayA-svadayA kA artha hotA hai apane Apa para dayA krnaa| jIva jar3atattva meM Asakta hokara nAnA prakAra ke sAMsArika kaSToM se grasta rahatA hai| kintu jaba vaha isa moha ko jar3a se miTAne kA prayAsa karatA hai aura miTA pAtA hai to janma-maraNa ke duHkha se chuTakArA pAkara vaha parama sukha-zAnti ko prApta karatA hai| ataH sAMsArika mamatA ko dUra karane kA prayAsa hI svadayA hai| isa prakAra svadayA kA sahI-sahI pAlana karake prANI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| 4. paradayA-sAmAnyarUpa se paradayA ko hI loga dayA samajhate haiN| paradayA yAnI dUsaroM kI sukha-prApti tathA duHkha dUra karane meM sahAyaka honA / arthAt paradayA kA pAlana karanevAlA vyakti dUsaroM ke sukha

Page #208
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 189 kI vRddhi cAhatA hai aura karatA hai| sAtha hI dUsaroM ke kaSTa ko kama karane yA miTAne kA prayAsa bhI karatA hai| dAna : tattvArthasUtra meM dAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai anugrahArtha svasyAtisargo dAnam / arthAt anugraha ke nimitta apanI vastu kA tyAga kara denA hI dAna hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ne isakA vizleSaNa prastuta karate hue kahA hai dAna kA matalaba hai nyAyapUrvaka prApta huI vastu kA dUsare ke lie arpaNa krnaa| yaha arpaNa karanevAle kartA aura svIkAra karanevAle donoM kA upakAraka honA caahiye| arpaNa karanevAle kA mukhya upakAra to yaha hai ki usa vastu para se usakI mamatA haTa jAya, aura isa taraha use santoSa aura samabhAva kI prApti ho| svIkAra karanevAle kA upakAra yaha hai ki usa vastu se usakI jIvanayAtrA meM madada mile, aura pariNAma-svarUpa usake sadguNoM kA vikAsa ho| yadyapi sabhI dAna sAmAnyataura se eka jaise hI lagate haiM. lekina unameM apanI-apanI vizeSatAyeM bhI hotI haiM aura ye vizeSatAyeM unake cAra aMgoM para AdhArita haiN| yAnI, una cAra aMgoM kI vizeSatAyeM ho dAna kI vizeSatA hotI hai| dAna ke cAra aMga ye haiM 1. vidhi vizeSa- deza, kAla tathA zraddhA ke aucitya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaba usa kalpanIya vastu kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, jisake lene se lenevAle ke siddhAnta para A~ca na Aye, taba aise dAna meM vidhivizeSatA samajhI jAtI hai| 2. dravya vizeSa -deyavastu meM una guNoM kA samAveza ho jo lenevAle kA poSaNa kare tathA usakA vikAsa kre| 1. tattvArthasUtra, 7, 33. 2. tattvArthasUtra-vivecanakartA paM0 sukhalAlajI, 7. 33, pRSTha 277. 3. vidhidravyadAtRpAtravizeSaNAcadvizeSaH // 34 // tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 7,

Page #209
te0 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 3. dAtA kI vizeSatA - dAtA ke dila meM denevAle ke prati zraddhA ho tathA vastu tyAga dene ke bAda usake prati dAtA ke mana meM kisI prakAra asUyAbhAva na jage, koI viSAda na ho / sAtha hI dAna karane ke bAda dAtA kisI phala kI AkAMkSA na kare / 4. pAtra kI vizeSatA - dAna lenevAlA vyakti samyaga darzana, jJAna, cAritrAdi ko dhAraNa karanevAlA tathA sadA satpuruSArtha ke lie jAgarUka rahanevAlA ho / dAna ke prakAra : dAna dasa prakAra ke hote haiM' - 1. anukampAdAna - kisI dIna-duHkhI tathA anAtha ko dayA karake jo kucha bhI dAnasvarUpa diyA jAtA hai, use anukampAdAna kahate haiM / 2. saMgrahadAna - Apatti ke samaya apanI sahAyatA ke uddezya se dUsare ko jo kucha diyA jAtA hai, vaha saMgrahadAna kahalAtA hai / isameM dAtA kA svArtha nihita hotA hai| aise dAna se mukti kI prApti nahIM hotI / 3. bhayadAna - rAjA, maMtrI, purohita, rAkSasa, pizAca Adi ke Dara se dAna karanA bhayadAna kahalAtA hai / - 4 kAruNyadAna - putra, pitA Adi priyajanoM kI mRtyu se zoka paidA hotA hai, karuNA hotI hai, vaisI sthiti meM putra Adi ke nAma se kucha dAna kara denA hI kAruNyadAna kahalAtA hai / 5. lajjAdAna lajjAvaza jo dAna diyA jAya vaha lajjAdAna hotA hai / kisI choTI yA bar3I sabhA meM baiThe hue vyakti se koI yAcaka yAcanA kara detA hai taba vAstava meM dene kI icchA na hone para bhI vyakti 1. dasavihe dANe pa0 taM0 aNukaMpA 1 saMga 2 ceva bhaye 3 kAluNiteti ya 4 lajjAte 5 gAraveNaM ca 6 ahamme uNa sattame 7 dhamme ta aTThame vRtta 8 kAhIti ta 6 kartati ta 10 // - sthAnAMga sUtra, a010, udda e0 3, sUtra 745..

Page #210
jaina haTi se ahiMsA 161 kucha de detA hai tAki samAja ke loga use kaMjUsa na kaheM yA kaThora dilavAlA na kaheM / 6. gauravadAna karanA gauravadAna kahalAtA hai / 7. adharmadAna puSTi hotI hai, use meM rata rahanevAloM ko - - yaza prApti ke lie garvapUrvaka dhana kA tyAga - 8. dharmaMdAna dharma ke lie diyA gayA dAna dharmadAna kahalAtA hai / samabhAvI muniyoM ko, jinake liye sonA aura rAkha meM koI antara nahIM hotA, dAna denA dharmadAna kI zreNI meM AtA hai / jisa dAna se dharma kI puSTi na hokara adharma kI adharmaMdAna kahate haiN| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi kucha denA adharmaMdAna hai| 9. kariSyatidAna kiyA gayA dAna kariSyatidAna kahalAtA hai | bhaviSya meM pratyupakAra pAne ke uddezya se - 10. kRtadAna pahale ke kie gaye upakAra se uRNa hone ke lie jo dAna diyA jAtA hai, vaha kRtadAna ke nAma se saMbodhita hotA hai / " 1. kRpaNe'nAthadaridre vyasanaprApte ca rogazokahate / yaddIyate kRpArthAt anukampA tadbhaveddAnam // abhyudaye vyasane vA yat kiMciddIyate sahAyatArtham / tatsaMgrahato'bhimataM munibhirdAnaM na mokSAya || rAjArakSapurohita madhumukhamAvilladaNDapAziSu ca / yaddIyate bhayAryAttadubhayadAnaM budhai / abhyarthitaH pareNa tu yaddAna janasamUhagataH / paracittarakSaNArthaM lajjAyAstadbhaveddAnam // naTanarttamuSTikebhyo dAnaM sambandhibandhu mitrebhyaH / yaddIyate yazo'thaM garveNa tu tadbhaveddAnam // hiMsAnRtacauryodyataparadAraparigrahaprasavatebhyaH / yaddIyate hi teSAM tajjAnIyAdadharmAya //

Page #211
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kisI-kisI ne dAna ke cAra prakAra hI mAne haiM - jJAnadAna, abhayadAna, dharmopakaraNadAna tathA anukampAdAna | par3hAnA, tathA par3hane par3hAne vAloM kI sahAyatA karanA jJAnadAna hai / bhayabhIta prANI ko duHkha se mukta karanA abhayadAna hai / chaH kAya ke AraMbha se rahita paMcamahAvratoM kA pAlana karanevAle sAdhuoM ko dAna denA dharmopakaraNadAna kahA jAtA hai | anukampA ke viSaya meM to hamalogoM ne pahale vAle vargIkaraNa meM jAnakArI kI hI hai / ' ina saba meM abhayadAna zreSTha hai | 192 dAna, dharma ke cAra prakAroM meM se eka hai| dharma ke cAra prakAra haiM1. dAna, 2. zIla, 3. tapa tathA 4. bhAvanA / sva aura para ke hita ke lie usa vyakti ko jise AvazyakatA hai, jo diyA jAtA hai vaha dAna kahalAtA hai / dAna ke kaI prakAra hote haiM jaisA ki hamalogoM ne abhI-abhI dekhA hai - anukampAdAna, jJAnadAna Adi, aura inako pAlanA hI dAna-dharma hotA hai / isakI vizeSatA nimnalikhita zabdoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai dAna ke prabhAva se dhannAjI aura zAlibhadrajI ne akhUTa lakSmI pAI aura bhoga bhoge / zAlibhadrajI sarvArthasiddhi se Akara siddhi (mokSa) pAveMge aura dhannAjI to siddha ho cuke / yaha jAnakara pratyeka vyakti ko supAtradAna Adi dAnadharma kA sevana karanA cAhie / ' tRNamaNimuktebhyo yaddAnaM dIyate supAtrebhyaH / akSaya matulamanantaM taddAnaM bhavati dharmAya // zatazaH kRtopakAro dattaM ca sahasrazo mamAnena / ahamapi dadAmi kiMcitpratyupakArAya taddAnam // jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha - saM0 bhairodAna seThiyA, bhAga 3, pRSTha 450. 1. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, bhAga 1, bola 197, pRSTha 156 - 157. 2. sUtrakRtAMga. prathama trutaskaMdha, a0 6, gAthA 23. 3. zrI jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, bhAga 1, bola 196, pRSTha 154-155.

Page #212
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA dAna kI ginatI nau puNyoM meM bhI hotI hai - 1. annapuNya - annAdi dene se zubha prakRtiyoM kA baMdhanA / 2. pAnapuNya - dUdha Adi peya vastuoM ke dene ke zubha bandha / 3. vastrapuNya - kapar3e dene ke kAraNa hone vAle zubhabandha | 4. layanapuNya - nivAsa ke liye jagaha dene ke kAraNa zubhakarma -bandha | zayanapuNya - bichAvana Adi dene se honevAlA puNya / 5. 6. manaH puSya - guNiyoM, sajjanoM ko dekhakara khuza hone se jo zubhakarma - bandha hotA hai, use manaHpuNya kahA jAtA hai / 193 7. vacana puNya - vacana ke dvArA dUsaroM kI prazaMsA karane ke phalasvarUpa jo zubha bandha hotA hai, use vacanapuNya kahate haiN| 8. kAyapuNya - zarIra se dUsare vyaktiyoM kI sevA, bhakti Adi se honevAlA zubhabandha / phalasvarUpa 9. namaskArapuNya - namaskAra se jo zubhabandha hotA hai, use namaskAra puNya kahate haiM / puNya ke ina nau prakAroM meM prathama pAMca kI ginatI dAna ke prakAroM meM bhI hotI hai yAnI dAna puNya hai yA puNya-saMgraha kA sAdhana hai / " 1. sthAnAGgasUtra, bhAga 5, sthAna 6, sUtra 17. dAna ke phala : sAmAnyatIra se aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki dAna se puNya kI prApti hotI hai, kintu jaina dharma meM isa saMbaMdha meM kaI vikalpa pAye jAte haiM / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA unake ziSya gautama svAmI ke bIca hue dAna - vivecana meM nimnalikhita vikalpoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai :

Page #213
164 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA (gautamasvAmI pUchate haiM ) he bhadanta ! tathArUpavAle zramaNa yA mAhana ke liye prAsuka eSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima tathA svAdima AhAra denevAle zramaNopAsaka ko kyA phala prApta hotA hai ? (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA diyA gayA uttara) he gautama ! zramaNopAsaka zrAvaka ko ekAnta nirjarA hone rUpa phala prApta hotA hai| pApa karma use nahIM lgtaa| pra.-he bhadanta ! tathArUpavAle zramaNa vA mAhana ke liye aprAsuka aneSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima tathA svAdima AhAra denevAle zramaNopAsaka ko kyA phala prApta hotA hai ? u0-he gautama ! aise zramaNopAsaka zrAvaka ke karmoM kI nirjarA adhika hotI hai tathA bahuta kama pApakarma kA baMdha hotA hai| pra0-he bhadanta ! tathA prakAra ke viratirahita apratihata aura apratyA khyAta pApakarmavAle asaMyamI ke liye prAsuka athavA aprAsuka, eSaNIya tathA aneSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima tathA svAdima AhAra denevAle zrAvakoM ko kyA phala prApta hotA hai ? u0-he gautama ! aise zrAvaka ke ekAntataH pApakarma kA baMdha hotA hai nirjarA thor3I-sI bhI nahIM hotI hai|' kintu ina tIna vikalpoM ke alAvA bhI eka vikalpa anukampA dAna ke saMbaMdha meM hai yAnI anukampAdAna se kyA phala milatA hai ? yaha 1. samaNovAsagasta NaM bhaMte ! tahArUvaM samaNaM vA mAhaNa vA phAsuesaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM paDilAmemANassa ki kajjai ? goyamA ! egataso nijjarA kajjai, natthi ya se pAve kamme kajjai / samaNovAsagassa NaM bhaMte ! tahArUva samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA aphAsueNaM aNesaNijjeNa asaNapANajAva paDilAbhemANassa kiM kajjai ? goyamA ! bahutariyA se nijjarA kajjai, appatarAe se pAve kamme kajjai, samaNovAsagassa NaM bhate ! tahA. rUvaM asaMjayaavirayapaDihayapaccakkhAyapAvakammaM phAsueNavA aphAsueNavA esaNijjeNavA, aNeMsaNijjeNavA, asaNapANa jAva kiM. kajjA ? goyamA! egaMtaso se pAve kamme kajjai, natthi se kAha nijjarA kajjA / / sU0 1 // bhagavatI sUtra-anu0 ghAsIlAlajI -zataka 8, uddeza0 6, pR0 661-664,

Page #214
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 165 bahuta hI prasiddha vikalpa hai| isake saMbaMdha meM bahuta lambe-lambe vyAkhyAna tathA bRhad vAda-vivAda milate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra ke TokAkAra ne aisA likhA hai ki yadyapi isa vikalpa ke saMbaMdha meM gautama svAmI ne prazna nahIM kiyA hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI yahAM para kucha kahA nahIM hai, lekina vyAkhyAprajJapti meM aisA ullekha hai ki mokkhatthaM javANaM taM pai eso viho smkkhaao| aNukaMpA vANaM puNa jihi na kayAha pddisiddh| arthAt mokSa prApti hetu jo dAna kiyA jAtA hai, usake saMbaMdha meM bhagavatIsUtra meM tIna vikalpa batAye gaye haiM, anukampAdAna ke saMbaMdha meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne anukampAdAna kA kabhI bhI niSedha nahIM kiyaa| ataH anukampAdAna denA caahiye| anukampAdAna ke viSaya meM terApaMtha kA apanA eka vizeSa mata hai| ina logoM ke anusAra anukampAdAna se ekAnta pApa hotA hai, kyoMki anukampAdAna asaMyati-dAna ko zreNI meM AtA hai aura asaMyatidAna se ekAnta pApa hotA hai / isa mata kI puSTi pUrNarUpeNa jayAcArya ne 'bhramavidhvaMsanam' ke dAnAdhikAra meM kI hai| apane mata ke samarthana meM inhoMne AgamoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jinake vivecana evaM vizleSaNa apane maMtAnukUla prastuta kiye haiN| parantu unhIM udAharaNoM ko prastuta karate hue javAhiralAlajI ne saddharmamaNDanam meM jayAcAryajI yAnI terApantha ke dAna saMbaMdhI mata kA pUrA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA yaha batAyA hai ki anukampAdAna ekAnta pApa kA sAdhana nahIM, balki puNya kA sAdhana hai aura zrAvaka ke liye anukampAdAna karanA ucita hai, dharmAnukUla hai| isa khaNDana-maNDana ko hama nimnalikhita DhaMga se samajha-bUjha sakate haiM : prathama udAharaNa upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke prathama adhyayana se liyA gayA hai jisameM gAthApati Ananda mahAvIra ke pAsa pA~ca aNuvrata, sAta zikSA vrata yAnI bAraha prakAra ke zrAvakadharma ko pAlane kA vacana vyakta karake kahate haiM ki he bhagavan ! Aja se nirgrantha saMgha ke alAvA dUsare saMghavAloM ko, anya yUthika devoM ko tathA dUsare yUthikoM dvArA svIkRta caityoM kI vandanA karanA yA namaskAra karanA, unake binA bole hI bolanA, unako 1. vyAkhyAprajJapti : abhayadevIyA vRtti, zataka 8, uddeza 6, pRSTha 685.

Page #215
196 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA azana, pAna, khAdya tathA svAdya AgrahapUrvaka denA nahIM klptaa| kintu rAjAbhiyoga, gaNAbhiyoga, senAbhiyoga, devatAbhiyoga, mAtA-pitA Adi gurujanoM ke Agraha, tathA araNyAdi meM vRtti ke liye lAcAra hone kI sthitiyoM ko apavAdarUpa samajheM yAnI ina avasthAoM meM pUrvakathita zapatha kA pAlana nahIM ho skegaa| Aja se mujhe zramaNa nirgranthoM ko prAsuka aiSaNika azana, pAna, khAdya, vastra parigraha, pAda-proJchana, pITha, phalaka, zayyA saMthArA, aura auSadha bheSaja Adi pradAna karate hue vicaranA kalpatA hai arthAt aisA karanA mere liye ucita hai aura maiM kruuNgaa| gAthApati Ananda ke isa vratadhAraNa meM bhramavidhvaMsanakAra kI dRSTi jAtI hai ki Ananda ne nirgranthoM ko chor3akara anya tIrthiyoM ko dAna Adi na dene kA abhigraha dhAraNa isaliye kiyA ki hIna, dIna, duHkhI jIvoM para dayA karane se puNya nahIM hotA, balki ekAnta pApa hotA hai| kyoMki dona - duHkhiyoM para dayA karane se yadi puNya hotA to vaha apane vrata meM nirgranthoM ke sAtha-sAtha anya logoM ko bhI dAna dene kA vrata letaa| 1. taeNaM se ANaMde gAhAvaI samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie paMcA gumbaiyaM sattasikkhAvaiyaM duvAlasavihaM sAvayadhamma paDivajjahattA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM vaMdaha namasai, vaMdittA namaMsittA evaM vayAsI no khalu me kappaha ajjappabhiraM anna utthiya vA annausthiyadevayANi vA annausthiya pariggahiyANi caMiyAI vA vaMditae vA, namaMsittae vA, puTiva aNAlatteNa Alavittae vA, saMlavittae vA, tesiM asaNaM vA pANaM vA khAimaM vA sAimaM vA dAuM vA aNuppadAuM vA nannatya rAyAbhiogeNaM, gaNAbhiogeNaM, balAbhiogeNaM devayAbhiyogeNaM, guruniggaheNaM vittikantAreNaM / kappaha me samaNe niggaMthe phAsueNaM esaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM vatyapariggahapAyapucchaNeNaM pIThaphalagasijjAsaMthAraeNaM osahamesabjeNaM paDilAmemANassa viharittaetti kaTu imaM eyAsvaM abhiggahaM paDigirihaha abhigiehattA pasiNAI pucchara, pucchittA aTThAI AdiyaI / upA0, a0 1,sUtra 55. 2. amavidhvaMsanam-jayAcArya-dAnAdhikAra, bola 1, pRSTha 52-53.

Page #216
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA jayAcArya ke isa vicAra kA khaNDana karate hue javAhiralAlajI saddharmamaNDana meM kahate haiM ki garIba, duHkhI prANiyoM ko dayAvaza dAna denA zrAvakoM ke dharmAnukUla hai, isaliye Ananda ne anukampAdAna kA tyAga nahIM kiyA thA / usake zabdoM meM sarvajJabhASitadharma se bhinna dharma kI pratiSThA karanevAle, ajJAnI caraka paribrAjaka Adi ko AhArAdi na dene kI ghoSaNA milatI hai, anukampA yA karuNA ke kAraNa garIba, duHkhI, asahAya prANiyoM ko dAna na dene kI nahIM / anya yUthika ko gurubuddhi se dAna na dene kA usane vrata liyA thA, karuNAvaza dAna na dene kA nahIM / ' vAda dUsare bola meM jayAcAryajI kA kahanA hai ki yadi koI kahatA hai ki Ananda ne anyatIrthI ko dAna na dene kA vrata liyA, asaMyati ko dAna na dene kA nahIM arthAt anyatIrthiyoM ko dAna denA pApa hai, asaMyatiyoM ko dAna dene meM pApa nahIM hai / aura yadi asaMyatiyoM ko dAna dene meM pApa hai to usake liye zAstrIya pramANa kyA ho sakatA hai ? isa saMbaMdha meM pramANasvarUpa ve bhagavatIsUtra meM ullikhita mahAvIra - gautama ko prastuta karate haiM, jahA~ mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki asaMyati ko dAna dene se ekAnta pApa hotA hai, nirjarA bilkula hI nahIM hotI / isakA khaNDana karate hue javAhiralAlajI kahate haiM ki anya tIrthiyoM yA asaMyatiyoM ko gurubuddhi se dAna dene kA zAstra avazya niSedha karatA hai, kintu karuNAvaza dAna dene kA virodha kabhI bhI nahIM karatA / isake sabUta meM ve kahate haiM ki rAjA pradezI jisakA varNana rAjapraznI meM kiyA gayA hai, Ananda zrAvaka ke samAna hI abhigrahadhArI samakita sahita bAraha vratadhArI thA / lekina vratadhAraNa karane ke bAda bhI vaha dayAvaza dAnazAlA kholakara hIna dIna prANiyoM ko dAna detA thA / vratadhAraNa karate samaya rAjA pradezo ne muni kezIkumAra se kahA thA ki maiM sAta hajAra gAMvoM ko cAra hissoM meM bAMTakara eka balavAhana, dUsarA koSTAgAra, aura tAsarA antaHpura ke liye rakhUMgA / zeSa cauthe bhAga se dAnazAlA kA nirmANakara, usameM naukarAdi rakhakara tathA 1. saddharmamaNDana - javA vAhiralAlajI - bola 1, pR0 64. 2. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 8, udda e 6. 197

Page #217
168 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA caturvidha AhAra taiyAra karavAkara zramaNa, mAhana, bhikSu evaM rAhagIroM ko bhojana karatA huA tathA zIla, pratyAkhyAna, poSadha, upavAsa Adi karatA huA vicarUMgA' / isase bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki dAna meM pApa nahIM hotA / kintu rAjA pradezI ke vratadhAraNa ke vacana sunakara muni kezIkumAra kA cupa raha jAnA zaMkA paidA kara detA hai / jayAcAryajI yahAM kahate haiM ki yadi anukampAdAna meM puNya hotA hai to rAjA pradezI ke zabdoM ko sunakara kezIkumAra ne mauna dhAraNa kyoM kara liyA ? unhoMne aisA kyoM nahIM kahA ki rAjya ke cAra bhAgoM ke dvArA vibhinna cAra kAryoM ko karane se tumheM prathama tIna meM pApa kI prApti hogI aura cauthe yAnI dAnazAlA kI pratiSThA karane se puNya hogA / isakA khaNDana karate hue javAhiralAla jI kahate haiM ki muni kezIkumAra kA cupa rahanA yaha iMgita nahIM karatA ki anukampAdAna meM ekAntapApa hotA hai / kyoMki yadi anukampAdAna meM pApa hotA to kezIkumAra vahA~ cupa nahIM rahate balki dharmopadeza dekara ve rAjA pradezI ko pApajanaka kArya karane se rokate yAnI dAnazAlA kI pratiSThA karane se rokate / kyoMki yaha sAdhu kA kartavya hotA hai ki unake sAmane koI hisAjanaka kAryaM karane kA vicAra kare to ve use rokeM, samajhAveM / kintu kezIkumAra rAjA ke zabdoM ko sunakara cupa raha gaye / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki anukampA dAna hiMsAdi pApa janaka kAryoM kI zreNI meM nahIM hai / 3 , 1. ahaM NaM seyaMviyAppa mokkhAiM sattaggAmasahassAiM cattAribhAge karissAmi / ege bhAge balavAhaNassa dalaissAmi, ege bhAge koDAgAre dalaislAmi ege bhAge anteurasta dala issAmi, egeNaM bhAgeNaM mahai mahAliyaM kUDAgArasAlaM karisyAmi tatthaNaM bahuhiM purisehiM diNNabhattibhattaveyaNehiM viulaM asaNaM pANaM khAimaM sAimaM uvakkhaDAvettA bahUNaM samaNamAhaNabhikkhuyANaM paMthiyapahiyANaya paribhAyamANe bahuhiM sIlAvara paJcakkhANa posahovavAsehiM jAva viharissAmi / ti kaTTu jAmeva disiM pAunmue tAmeva disiM paDigae / - amolaka RSi saMpA0 - rAjapraznIya, pR0 283-85. 2. bhramavidhvaMsanam, dAnAdhikAra, bola 14, pRSTha 74-75. 3. saddharmaNDana, dAnAdhikAra, bola 3, pRSTha 100.

Page #218
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 196 sUtrakRtAMga meM eka karmakANDI brAhmaNa se muni ArdrakumAra kI bheMTa tathA vArtAlApa kI carcA milatI hai / ' brAhmaNa, vaidika karmakANDa kI bar3AI tathA bauddhAdi dharmoM kI zikAyata karatA huA ArdrakumAra ko yaha salAha detA hai ki ve brAhmaNa dharma ko hI svIkAra kara leN| vaha kahatA hai ki vedAnusAra yajana - yAjana, adhyayana-adhyApana Adi chaH prakAra ke karmoM ko karanevAle do hajAra brAhmaNoM ko roja bhojana dene se puNya kI vRddhi hotI hai aura svargaloka meM devatva prApta hotA hai / kintu brAhmaNa ko uttara dete hue ArdrakumAra kahate haiM ki mAMsa ko khoja meM vir3Ala kI taraha ghUmane vAle, udara pUrti ke liye kSatriyAdi ke yahA~ adhamacAkarI karane vAle do hajAra kyA eka brAhmaNa ko bhI nitya bhojana karAne se, usI mAMsahArI brAhmaNa ke sAtha bhojana karAnevAlA vedanAyukta naraka meM jAtA hai| jo dayA pradhAna dharma kI nindA yA virodha karatA hai tathA hiMsAmaya dharma kI prazaMsA karatA hai, aise eka brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAnA hI naraka kA bahuta bar3A sAdhana bana jAtA hai| ___ yahA~ para bhramavidhvaMsanakAra ne kahA hai ki yadi asaMyati ko bhojana Adi dAna dene se puNya hotA to muni ArdrakumAra karmakANDI brAhmaNa ko kyoM kahate ki brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAne se naraka hotA hai / lekina isake virodha meM javAhiralAla jI kahate haiM ki ArdakumAra ne dayAdharma kI nindA karanevAle tathA hiMsAmaya dharma kI prazaMsA karane vAle nIcavRtti brAhmaNoM ko pUjyabuddhi se bhojana karAne kA niSedha kiyA, kyoMki 1. siNAyagANaM tu duve sahasse, je bhoyae Niyae mAhaNANaM / te punnakhandhe sumaha'jjaNittA, bhavaMti devA iti veyavAo / siNAyagANaM tu duve sahasse, je bhoyae Ni yae kulAlayANaM / se gacchati loluvasaMpa gAr3he tivvAbhitA va garagAbhisevI / dayAvaraM dhamma dugucchamANA, vahAvahaM dhamma pasaMsamANA | egaMpi je bhoyayatI asIlaM, Nivo NisaMjAti kuo sarehiM / -sUtrakRtAMga, tha taskandha 2, a0 6, gAthA 43-45. 2. bhramavidhvaMsanam , dAnAdhikAra, bola 9, pR0 66-67.

Page #219
200 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA aisA karane se naraka kI prApti hotI hai, dIna-duHkhI prANiyoM ko anu. kampAdAna dene kA niSedha nahIM kiyaa| isake alAvA bhI ArdrakumAra ke zabdoM meM dayAdharma ke virodhI ke liye eka heyabhAvanA kA rUpa milatA hI hai| ___ isa prakAra jJAtAsUtra meM varNita nandana manihAra kA naraka jAnA, ThANAMga meM tapasvI, kSapaka, roga Adi se grasta prANI evaM navadIkSita ziSya para anukampA karane kA vidhAna, upAsakadazAMga (adhyayana-3) meM sakaDAla putra zrAvaka kA gozAlaka maMkhalipUtra ko zayyA saMthArA Adi denA, vipAkasUtra ( a01), uttarAdhyayana / a0 12 gAthA 24) Adi udAharaNoM ko prastuta karate hue yaha khaNDana-maNDana kiyA gayA hai ki anukampAdAna se puNya hotA hai yA pApa / sAmAnya dRSTi se anukampA ko puNyajanaka hI kahA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kyoM ? _ 'savve aktadukkhA ya, ao savve ahisiyA' / sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkha apriya mAlUma hotA hai yA 'ajjhatthaM savvako savvaM, vissa pANe piyaaye| Na haNe pANiNo pANe, bhayaverAo uvarae // 7 // sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya tathA duHkha apriya lagatA hai, sabako apanI AtmA pyArI hotI hai, aisA jAnate hue bhaya aura vaira se mukta hokara kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na karanI caahiye| hiMsA ko tyAgane aura ahiMsA ko apanAne kA yaha sarvavidita kAraNa hai aura sAmAnyataura se loga yahI samajhate bhI haiM ki hiMsA karane se anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa pahu~catA hai, ataH kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA 1. saddharmamaNDana, dAnAdhikAra, bola 5, pRSTha 106-107. 2. vahI dAnAdhikAra, bola 8, 9, 17, 18, 16. bhramavidhvaMsanam tathA saddharmamaNDana ke dAnAdhikAra pUrNarUpeNa dekheM / 3. satrakRtAMga, pra0 zra0 lokavAdanirAsAdhikAra, gAthA 9, 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 6.

Page #220
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 201 ucita nhiiN| kyoMki jisa vyavahAra se eka vyakti dUsare ko kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai yadi vahI vyavahAra usake sAtha bhI kiyA jAye to use bhI Ananda nahIM balki kaSTa hI mAlUma hogA / isIliye kahA gayA hai ki zruta evaM cAritra dharma ko sahI rIti se kahanevAlA aura tIrthakaroM kI vANI meM vizvAsa karanevAlA prAsuka AhAra se jIvana nirvAha karane vAlA uttama sAdhu sabhI prANiyoM ko apane hI samAna samajhatA huA saMyama kA pAlana kre| parantu ahiMsA pAlana karane kA yaha pradhAna kAraNa nahIM hai, yadyapi sAmAnya jAnakArI meM isI ko pradhAnatA milatI hai| ahiMsA ke mArga para calane kA mukhya uddezya hai Atma-kalyANa / hiMsA karanevAlA vyakti dUsare kA aniSTa karane ke pahale apanA aniSTa karatA hai, hiMsA kA bhAva mana meM lAkara vaha apanI AtmA kA patana karatA hai, dUsaroM se vaira bar3hAkara unheM apanA zatru banA letA hai / isa prakAra vaha pahale apanI bhAva tathA dravyAhiMsAya karatA hai| isake viparIta yadi koI ahiMsA ko apanAtA hai, sabako samAna dRSTi se yA Atmavata dekhatA hai to usakA koI bhI zatru nahIM hotaa| ata: usakI dravya hiMsA nahIM hotI aura caki vaha saba ko samAna samajhatA hai, usake mana meM kisI ke prati dveSa nahIM paidA hotA, isalie usakA mana dUSita nahIM hotA, usakI AtmA zaddhi hotI hai, pavitra hotI hai| Atmazuddhi ke kAraNa vaha mokSamArga para agrasara hotA hai aura Age calakara janma-maraNa ke baMdhana se chUTakara mukta ho jAtA hai / arthAt ahiMsA pAlana se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isI vajaha se praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM ahiMsA kA prathama nAma 'nirvANa' diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA pAlana karane ke do kAraNa yA do phala hue1. AtmakalyANa yA mokSaprApti aura 2 anya prANiyoM ke prati upkaar| ahiMsA ke poSaka tatva : hiMsA kA vivecana karate hue hamalogoM ne dekhA hai ki asatya, steya, abrahmacarya tathA parigraha isake poSaka tattva haiN| ThIka isake 1. sUtrakRtAMga, pra0 zru* adhyayana 10, satra 3. 2. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, dvitIya zruta skandha, prathama saMvaradvAra /

Page #221
202 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA viparIta satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha ahiMsA ke poSaka tatva haiN| yAnI inameM se kisI eka ko chor3a dene se ahiMsAvata kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| jhUTha bolane vAle ko eka jhUTha ko chipAne ke liye aneka jhuTha bolane par3ate haiM, jisase svayaM to usakI AtmA kaSTa pAtI hai aura apavitra hotI hai, dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI vaha duHkhada sthiti meM DAlatA hai| corI na karanevAlA anya vyakti ko usa prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM detA jo priyavastu ke haraNa se hotA hai| brahmacarya pAlana se AdamI una sabhI prakAra kI hiMsAoM se baca pAtA hai, jo maithuna Adi sammati yA balAtkAra donoM hI karane se hotI hai| isI prakAra aparigrahI AdamI ko kisI ke prati rAga yA dveSa kA zikAra nahIM bananA pdd'taa| vaha kisI ko kaSTa nahIM phuNcaataa| ataeva satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, ahiMsA ke poSaka yA sahAyaka tattva hai, isameM koI zaka nahIM / tattvArthasUtra ke vivecana-kartA ne likhA bhI hai ahiMsA anya vratoM kI apekSA pradhAna hone se usakA prathama sthAna hai| kheta kI rakSA ke lie jaise bAr3a hotI hai, vaise hI anya sabhI vrata ahiMsA kI rakSA ke liye haiM: isI se ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai| ahiMsA kA tAtvika vivecana : vyakti kI mukti ke liye yA cittazuddhi aura vItarAgatA prApta karane ke liye ahiMsA kI aikAntika cAritragata sAdhanA upayukta ho sakatI hai; kintu saMgharacanA aura samAja meM usa ahiMsA kI upayogitA siddha karane ke lie usake tattvajJAna kI khoja na kevala upayogI hI hai, kintu Avazyaka bhI hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM AtmanityavAda ( AtmA ko nitya mAnanevAlA), ucchedavAda tathA upaniSadoM Adi kI vibhinna dArzanika ( tAttvika ) dhArAeM pravAhita ho rahI thiiN| isake alAvA mahAvIra 1 tattvArtha sUtra-vivecanakartA paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, pR0 204. 2 jainadarzana, paM0 -mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, pR0 59.

Page #222
203 jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA ke ziSyoM ke vicAroM meM bhI ekatA nahIM thii| ataH una saba meM bhI kahIM saMghabheda na ho jAye, isakI AzaMkA thii| ataeva mahAvIra ke sAmane vastu ke vAstavika svarUpa ko dikhAte hue sabhI vAdoM meM ekatA yA maitrIbhAvanA lAne kI samasyA thii| unhoMne yaha sAbita kiyA ki vastu yadi maulika rUpa meM nitya hai to parivartamAna paryAyoM kI dRSTi se anitya bhI hai| dravya ke dRSTikoNa se yadi sat se hI sat utpanna hotA hai to paryAya kI dRSTi se asat se bhI sat utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra unhoMne satya ko yA jagata ke yAvat ko padArthoM kA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyarUpa pariNAmI aura ananta dharmAtmaka btaayaa| isa prakAra vastu ke vAstavika rUpa ko dikhAkara unhoMne darzana ke kSetra ke bahuta bar3e jhamele ko haTAne kI koziza kI / jaba taka dRSTi ekAntavAdI hotI hai, usake sAtha vibhinna matamatAntara kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai kintu anekAnta kI dRSTi vastu ke sabhI rUpoM ko sahI mAnatI hai| ataH koI vivAda nahIM uThatA / ahiMsA hI tattva ke kSetra meM anekAnta rUpa dhAraNa karatI haiyaha ahiMsAsvarUpA anekAntadRSTi hI jainadarzana ke bhavya prAsAda kA madhya stambha hai / isI se 'jainadarzana' kI prANa pratiSThA hai / Age calakara anekAnta dRSTi ko jJAnamImAMsA ke kSetra meM 'syAdvAda' kA rUpa milA jisase ahiMsA kA vAcanika vikAsa huaa| vastu anekadharmA hotI hai - jaise kitAba meM lambAI, caur3AI, moTAI Adi bahuta se guNa hote haiM aura koI kahe ki pustaka moTI hai to aisA kahane se usake anyaguNoM kA prakAzana nahIM hotA kyoMki 'pustaka moTI hai' aisA apekSA dRSTi se kahA gayA hai| yadi eka dRSTi se pustaka moTI hai to dUsarI dRSTi se lambI hai yAnI moTI nahIM hai / ataH eka dRSTi se vastu ke guNa ko vyakta karate samaya, dUsarI dRSTi meM pAye jAne vAle usake guNoM ke astitva ko vyakta karane ke lie, mahAvIra ne eka zabda kI khoja kI jo hai- 'syAt' / 'syAt' kahane se eka dRSTi kI sImA bana jAtI hai, kintu vastu ke sambandha meM anya dRSTiyoM ( anekAnta) para usakA adhikAra yA anya dRSTiyoM kA niSedha jAhira nahIM hotaa| . 1. jainadarzana-paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, pR0 61.

Page #223
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA yadi koI vyakti kahatA hai ki 'syAt' pustaka moTI hai to aisA kahane se yaha nahIM jAhira hotA ki pustaka lambI nahIM hai yA caur3I nahIM hai| balki kahane vAlA apanI bAta taka hI sImita raha jAtA hai| aisA karane se anya vyaktiyoM ke vicAroM kA virodha nahIM hotA aura jahA~ virodha nahIM hai vahA~ dveSa nahIM hai tathA jahA~ dveSa nahIM hai, vahA~ hiMsA nahIM hai / ata: ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA tAttvika vivecana anekAntavAda tathA syAdvAda ke rUpa meM hotA hai| mahAvIrakAlIna ahiMsA-siddhAnta : samaya ke pravAha meM hara vastu kA kucha na kucha vikAsa aura hrAsa hotA hai / ahiMsA kA siddhAnta bhI isase achUtA nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne kahA - tathimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyaM / ahiMsA niuNA viTThA, savvabhUesu sNjmo|| samve jovA vi icchaMti, jIviu na mrijji| tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti 2 // ahiMsA sukhadAyikA hai, ataH sabhI prANiyoM para dayA karanI caahie| sabhI prANo jonA cAhate haiM, mRtyu ko koI bhI pasanda nahIM krtaa| isaliye prANi-vadha kA saMyamI yA nirgrantha puruSa tyAga karate haiN| isake AdhAra para hiMsA ko pUrNataH tyAga dene kI bAta sabhI logoM ke mana meM jaga par3I aura cUki sabhI prakAra kI hiMsAoM meM parigraha hI mUla banatA hai, ataH parigraha bhI sarvathA tyAjya samajhA jAne lgaa| hiMsA se bacane ke liye vastrAdi kA bhI tyAga hone lagA, jaisAki dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA hai ki jo devatA aura manuSya-sambandhI 1 jainadarzana-paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, pR0 56-64. tathA jainadharma-paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI, pR0 64-66. 2 dazavakAlikasUtra, chaThA adhyayana /

Page #224
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 205 bhogoM ko nivartegA, vaha Abhyantara kaSAya, bAhya kuTumbAdika ke saMyoga kA tyAga karegA aura jo Abhyantara tathA bAhya saMyogoM kA tyAga karegA, vahI dravya evaM bhAva se muNDita hokara anagAra bana paayegaa| kintu sAdhanA meM zarIra kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / aisA samajhakara zarIra kI rakSA usa hada taka sahI samajhI jAne lagI, jisa hada taka zarIra sAdhanA kA sAdhana bana pAtA hai, yadi vaha bAdhAsvarUpa bana jAtA hai to aise zarIra kI rakSA nahIM honI caahie| ataeva saMyamI yA sAdhaka ko AhAra kA prabandha karane kI chUTa dI gayI, kintu eka gRhastha kI rIti se nahIM, balki madhukarI vRtti se| isake anusAra yaha nizcita kiyA gayA ki sAdhu apane liye kisI bhI prakAra kA bhojana taiyAra na kare aura dUsaroM ke dvArA bhI dI gaI una vastuoM ko grahaNa na kare, jo usake nimitta hI banI hoM / AhAra meM ve vastue~ vajita kI gaI. jo sajIva hoM yA sajIva se sambandhita hoM yAnI sajIva se lagI hoN| itanA hI nahIM, bhikSA mAMgane ke samaya dAtA yA yAcaka kisI se bhI kisI prANI kI hisA ho to vaisI hAlata meM bhikSA nahIM lenI caahie| isake alAvA dAtA se bhikSu ke nimitta pahale yA pIche kisI prakAra kI hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA ho to sAdhaka ko bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| isa saMbaMdha meM aneka niyama bne| aura una sabhI niyamoM kI dhamaniyoM meM ahiMsA pAlana kA rakta hI saMcArita ho rahA thaa| AhArAdi sambandhI niyamoM ke vivecana AcArAMga, dazavekAlika, bRhatkalpa Adi granthoM meM hue haiM 1 jayA nimbidae bhoe, je divve jeya mANuse / tayA ja cayaha saMjogaM, sanbhitaraM ca bAhiraM // 17 // jayA cayaha saMjogaM, sanbhitaraM ca bAhiraM / / tayA muNDe bhavittANaM, pavvahae aNagAriyaM // 18 // -daza, adhyayana 4. 2 dazavaikAlika, adhyayana 5, sUtra 61-62. 3 " " 1, sUtra 1-5.

Page #225
206 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA lekina inameM yaha nahIM batAyA gayA ki yadi kisI kAraNavaza bhaMga ho jAye to usa doSa se chuTakArA pAne ke liye kyA karanA ucita hai| niyama-bhaMga doSa se bacane ke liye prAyazcitta karane kA nizItha mUlasUtra meM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|' mahAvIra ke samaya ahiMsA kA Thosa rUpa thA, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kI kamajorI kI guMjAiza nahIM thI, na koI apavAda thaa| mahAvIra ke anusAra sAdhu ko virodhiyoM se mAra-pITa mAna-apamAna saba kucha pAte hue aura sthira mana se saba kaSToM ko sahate hue ahiMsA vrata kA pAlana karanA ucita samajhA gyaa| mahAvIra svayaM aneka jagahoM para pAgala yA aura kucha hI samajhe gaye aura mAra gAliyAM saba kucha sahate hue ahiMsA vrata ko nibhaayaa| mahAvIrakAlottara ahiMsA-siddhAnta : bAda meM ahiMsA ke bahuta se apavAda bane, sAtha hI ahiMsA se sambandhita AhArAdi ke apavAda bhii| ahiMsA ke niyamoM meM aisA pAyA jAtA hai ki yadi koI vyakti apane vairI kA putalA banAkara usake marmasthaloM ko Ahata karatA hai to aisI kriyA 'darpapratisevanA'' yAnI hiMsA kahI jaayegii| lekina yadi koI vyakti sAdhu-saMgha athavA caitya ko kSati pahuMcAtA hai to aisI hAlata meM usake miTTI ke putale ko marmAhata karanA hiMsA doSa yA pratisevanA ke anrtagata nahIM aataa| yaha hiMsA karane kA ahiMsaka upAya kahA jA sakatA hai| aisI hiMsA se hiMsA karane vAlA sAkSAt hiMsA se baca pAtA thA aura isameM kama hiMsA hone kI kalpanA thii| phira ahiMsaka varga ke samakSa yaha samasyA uThI ki yadi koI vyakti parokSa meM dharma yA saMgha kA virodha karatA hai to usake sAtha maMtra kA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina jo 1 nizItha, mUlasUtra 2. 32-36, 38-46 3. 1-15, 4. 16-21, 38 36, 8. 14-18, 9.1-2, 6 11-3, 6. 72-81, 15. 5-12, 75-86, 16.4-13, 16-17, 27, 18.20-23 2 nizIthacUrNi, gAthA 155. 3 vahI, gA0 167.

Page #226
jaina dRSTi se ahiMsA 207 samakSa Akara AcArya kA ghAta karanA cAhatA hai to usake sAtha kyA vyavahAra honA caahiye| isake liye nizIthabhASya yA nizIthacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI zatru AcArya kA vadha yA sAdhvI ke sAtha balAtkAra karanA cAhatA hai to usakI hatyA karake AcArya Adi kI rakSA karanI cAhie aura aisI hiMsA karane vAle ko vizuddha mAnA gyaa| isakA jvalanta udAharaNa he koMkaNadezIya sAdhu ke dvArA rAtri meM tIna siMhoM ko mArakara saMgha kI rakSA krnaa| isa prakAra svataH apanI rakSA ke hetu nahIM, kintu saMghAdi kI rakSA ke lie jIvoM kI hatyA karanevAle ko bhI hiMsA ke doSa se dUSita nahIM, balki vizaddha caritravAlA samajhA jAne lgaa| arthAt hiMsA se ahiMsA kI rakSA kA bhAva logoM ke mana meM A gyaa| eka bAra aisA huA ki kisI rAjA ne jaina sAdhuoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve brAhmaNoM ko unake paira chUkara praNAma kreN| anyathA sabhI jaina sAdhuoM ko deza-nikAlA kI sajA milegii| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie AcArya ne apane ziSyoM se pUchA ki kyA koI aisA bhI sAdhu hai, jo sAvadha yA niravadya kisI bhI prakAra se isa kaSTa kA nivAraNa kare / yaha sunakara eka jaina sAdhu saMgha kI rakSA ke lie taiyAra haa| usane rAjA se sabhI brAhmaNoM ko ekatra karavAne ko khaa| jaba sabhI brAhmaNa ekatrita hue to usane kaNeralatA ko abhimaMtrita karake sabhI brAhmaNoM ke zira kATa ddaale| isa prakAra usane sagha kI rakSA kii| AhAra grahaNa karane ke niyamoM meM bhI bahuta se apavAda banAye gye| jaise cUrNikAra ne kahA ki bAla, vRddha, AcArya tathA durbala saMyamI roga Adi meM vigaya yAnI tela, ghRta, navanIta, dadhi, phANiya-gur3a, madya, dUdha Adi kA sevana kara sakate haiN| kintu inheM grahaNa karate samaya sAdhu ko 1 nizIthacUrNi, gA0 286. 2 " gA0 286, pR0 101, bhAga 1. 3 " gA0 487. 4 " gA0 3168,

Page #227
2.08 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA yaha dhyAnapUrvaka socanA cAhiye ki yaha agrAhya hai aura utanA hI grahaNa kiyA jAya jo ki mAtra roga dUra karane meM sahAyaka ho tathA dAtA ko bhI vizvAsa ho ki yaha vastu roga dUra karane ke nimitta lI jA rahI hai, rasa-lolupatA se nahIM / itanA hI nahIM balki rogI ke liye corI se yA vazIkaraNa maMtra ke dvArA bhI abhIpsita auSadhi lenA doSapUrNa nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| 1 nizIthacU0 gA0 1970 2" gA0 3487

Page #228
caturtha adhyAya jainAcAra aura ahiMsA mAnava jIvana ke do AdhAra-stambha haiM-AcAra aura vicAra / AcAra jIvana kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai to vicAra saiddhAntika / AdamI jaisA karatA hai, vaisA socatA hai aura jaisA socatA hai, vaisA hI karatA bhI hai / AcAra aura vicAra yA vyavahAra aura siddhAnta eka-dUsare para AdhArita haiN| vaha AcAra jo kisI vicAra ko sAyA meM nahIM hai, usa kaMkAla ke samAna hai, jisa para na mAMsa ho aura na tvcaa| aura vaha vicAra jo Acarita na ho, usa khokhale zarIra ke samAna hai, jo haDDIvihIna ho / ata: donoM hI kI AvazyakatA ko samajhate hue sabhI dharmapraNetAoM aura dArzanikoM ne vibhinna dhArmika siddhAntoM ke sAtha-sAtha AcAra para bhI prakAza DAlA hai; yAnI yaha batAyA hai ki jo dhArmika siddhAntoM ko mAnatA hai, usa vyakti kA AcAra kaisA honA caahiye| ata: vibhinna praNetAoM ne vibhinna dhArmika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura AcAra ke bhI vibhinna niyama nirdhArita kiye haiN| jaina dharma ke bhI anekAntavAda-syAdvAda Adi tAttvika yA saiddhAntikarUpa haiM tathA karmavAda Adi vyAvahArika rUpa / jainAcAra ke do vibhAga kiye jAte haiM-zrAvakAcAra tathA zramaNAcAra / zrAvaka ke liye upadezita AcAra ko zrAvakAcAra tathA zramaNa ke liye upadezita AcAra ko zramaNAcAra kahate haiN| . gRhastha jo apane gurujanoM yA dhamayoM se nigraMndha-vacanoM kA zravaNa * karatA hai, use zrAvaka yA zrAda ko saMjJA dI jAtI hai| vaha zramajopAsaka bhI kahA jAtA hai, kAraNa, vaha zramaNoM kI upAsanA karatA hai| cUki vaha aNuvrata yA laghutrata kA pAlana karatA hai, use aNuvratI,

Page #229
210 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA dezavirata, dezasaMyamI yA dezasaMyatI nAmoM se bhI sambodhita karate haiN| gRhI, sAgAra AgArI Adi zabda bhI isI ke lie prayoga kiye jAte haiM, kyoMki vaha AgAra yAnI ghara meM rahatA hai| isa prakAra vratadhAraNa karanevAle gRhastha ke liye zrAvaka, zrAddha, upAsaka, aNuvratI, dezavirata, dezasaMyamI, dezasaMyatI, gRhI, sAgAra, AgArI Adi zabda prayoga hote haiN| upAsakadazAMga, tattvArthasUtra, ratnakaraNDa-zrAvakacAra Adi meM bAraha vratoM ke AdhAra para, zrAvakoM ke AcAra kA pratipAdana huA hai| AcArya kundakunda viracita cAritraprAbhRta, svAmI kArtikeya kRta anuprekSA tathA AcArya vasuna ndi kRta vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra meM zrAvakAcAra kA nirdhAraNa gyAraha pratimAoM ko AdhAra mAnate hue. huA hai| kintu paMDita AzAdhara dvArA racita sAgAradharmAmRta meM zrAvakadharma pakSa, niSThA tathA sAdhana para avalambita hai| isa paddhati kA zrIgaNeza jinasenakRta AdipurANa meM huA hai, jahAM para pakSa, niSThA yA caryA tathA sAdhana ko hiMsA kI zuddhi ke tIna upAyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jainAcAryoM ne zrAvakAcAra ko tIna taraha se pratipAdita kiyA haiH bAraha vratoM ke AdhAra para, gyAraha pratimAoM ke AdhAra para tathA pakSa, niSThA Adi ke AdhAra pr| kintu ina tIna paddhatiyoM meM mUlataH koI antara nahIM pAyA jAtA / bAraha vratoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA zrAvaka AtmA kI vizeSa zuddhi ke liye gyAraha pratimAoM ko bhI dhAraNa karatA hai, aura pakSa, caryA tathA sAdhana to unakI AcAra-maryAdA ke tIna bheda hI kahe jA sakate haiN| bAraha vratoM meM prathama pAMca ko aNuvrata, chaThe, sAtaveM evaM AThaveM ko guNavrata tathA antima cAra yAnI naveM, dasaveM, gyArahaveM evaM bArahaveM ko zikSAvrata kahate haiN| aNuvrata : zrAvaka ke bAraha vratA ma prathama pAMca ko aNuvrata kahate haiN| inheM zrAvaka yA zrAvakadharma ke mUlaguNa bhI kahate haiM / cUki pAMca mahAvratoM, jo zramaNoM ke dvArA pAlana kiye jAte haiM, se ye laghu haiM, inheM aNuvrata kahate haiN| inameM ahiMsAdi kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana nahIM hotA, jaisA ki zramaNoM ke dvArA pAMca mahAvratoM meM hotA hai| phira bhI ye zrAvakadharma ke prANa haiN| ataH inheM mUlaguNa kahA gayA hai| inake alAvA jo anya vrata haiM, unheM

Page #230
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 211 uttaraguNa kahA gayA hai, kyoMki una saboM se mUlaguNa kI puSTi hotI hai / aNuvrata ke pAMca prakAra hote haiM jinameM sthUla pApoM se bacane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai : 1. sthUla prANAtipAta-viramaNa, 2. sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa, 3. sthUla adattAdAna-viramaNa, 4. svadArasaMtoSa tathA 5. icchAparimANa / __ sthUla prANAtipAta-viramaNa-isakI vyAkhyA vibhinna granthoM meM vibhinna prakAra kI milatI hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki gAthApati Ananda ne zrAvakadharma grahaNa karate samaya kahA thA ki maiM sthUla hiMsA kA do karaNa tIna yoga se tyAga kruugaa| yAnI, mana vacana aura kAya se hiMsA na karane evaM na karAne kI usane pratijJA kii| samIcInadharmazAstra yA ratnakaraNDa-upAsakAdhyayana meM sthUla hiMsA arthAt trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA saMkalpapUrvaka tIna karaNa yA mana, vacana, kAya tathA tIna yoga yAnI karanA, karAnA, anumodana karanA, se na karane ko prathama aNuvrata kahA gayA hai| vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra meM sirpha itanA hI kahA gayA ki trasakAya jIva kI hiMsA na karanA prathama aNuvrata hai / isameM karaNa aura yoga kI saMkhyA para prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| kintu ina tInoM se yaha bAta jarUra spaSTa hotI hai ki prathama aNuvrata meM sthUla hiMsA yAnI trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI hai| isa vrata meM gRhastha ke ahiMsAvata kI maryAdA sirpha sthUla jIvoM ( dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya tathA paMcendriya ) aura do yoga yAnI kRta-kArita taka hI nirdhArita kI gaI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai 1. prANAtipAta-vitathavyAhAra-steya -kAma-mUrchAbhyaH / sthUlebhyaH pApebhyaH vyuparamaNamaNuvrataM bhavati / / 6 // 52 / / -samIcIna dharmazAstra. 2. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 13. . . 3. saMkalpAtkRta-kArita-mananAdyoga-trayasya-cara-satvAn / na hinasti yattadAhuH sthUla vadhAdviramaNaM nipuNAH / / 7 / / 53 / / 4. je tasakAyA jIvA punvaddiTaThA Na hiMsiyavvA te / eiMdiyA vi NikkAraNeNa paDhamaM vayaM thUlaM // 20 // -vasunandikRta zrAvakAcAra.

Page #231
212 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ki gRhastha khetI karatA hai aura khetI meM sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, yaha nizcita hai / yadi sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA se bhI gRhastha ko vaMcita rahane ko kahA jAya to khetI ho nahIM sakatI aura khetIna hogI to anya prANiyoM kA jIvita rahanA durlabha ho jaayegaa| isake alAvA sthUla hiMsA ke samarthana ke liye bhI paristhiti vizeSa meM vaha svataMtra hai aura isI ko zrAvaka kI dezavarati kahate haiM / gRhastha koI bhI kAma karane meM sAvadhAna rahatA hai ki kisI bhI jIva ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na ho| phira bhI yadi kisI jIva kA ghAta ho jAtA hai to aisI hiMsA ke liye vaha doSo nahIM hotA arthAt usakA ahiMsAvrata bhaMga nahIM hotaa| kintu kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza yA ajJAnavaza hiMsA ho jAtI hai jo doSajanaka hotI hai aura vrata ko bhaMga kara detI hai| isa prakAra paidA hue doSa ko aticAra kahate haiM / sthUla prANAtipAta-viramaNa ke pAMca aticAra haiM : bandha, vadha, chaviccheda, atibhAra, bhaktapAnavyuccheda / / __bandha-bandha kA artha hai trasa prANiyoM ko kaThina bandhana se bAMdhanA yA unake gantavya sthAna para jAne se unheM balapUrvaka roknaa| pazuoM tathA dAsoM ko isa prakAra bAMdhanA ki unheM kaSTa pahuMce / bandha ke do prakAra haiM arthabandha tathA anarthabandha / anarthabandha hiMsA hai jo anarthadaNDa nAmaka vrata ke sAtha AtI hai aura arthabandha bhI yadi krodhavaza kiyA jAye to use hiMsA hI kheNge| arthabandha bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM-sApekSa aura nirapekSa / bhaya utpanna hone para jisa bandha se svataH mukti mila jAye use sApekSa tathA bhaya kI dazA meM bhI mukti na denevAlA bandha nirapekSa kahalAtA hai| nirapekSa bandha aticAra kI zreNI meM AtA hai| vadha-vadha kA sAmAnya artha hotA hai htyaa| kintu upAsakadazAMga sUtra kA sampAdana karate hue DA0 indracandra zAstrI ne kahA hai 1. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagassa pANAivAyaveramaNassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA peyAlA jANiyavvA, na samAyariyavvA / taM jahA-baMdhe, vahe, chavicchee,ahabhAre, bhattapANavocchee // 42 // upAsakadazAMga pra0 a samIcIna dharmazAstra, a03. 8. 2. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, pRSTha 51.

Page #232
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 213 'yahA~ vadha kA artha hatyA nahIM hai / hatyA karane para to vrata sarvathA TUTa jAtA hai / ataH vaha anAcAra hai / yahA~ vadha kA artha hai ghAtaka prahAra, aisA jisase aMgopAMgAdi ko hAni phuNce| arthAt nirdayatA pUrvaka apane Azrita manuSyoM tathA gAya, baila, ghor3A, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ko cAbuka, DaMDA, ITa, patthara, Adi se mAranA; apanI svArthapUrti ke liye zoSaNa karanA yA anya prakAra se prANiyoM ko saMtApa phuNcaanaa| chaviccheda krodhavaza yA apanI prasannatA ke liye kisI prANI kA aMga chedana karanA chaviccheda kahA jAtA hai| isI ke samAna vRtticcheda bhI samajhA jAtA hai, kyoMki vetana yA majadUrI kama denA tathA chuTTI Adi kI ucita suvidhA na denA bhI doSayukta aura kaSTaprada hotA hai| atibhAra-baila, ghor3e, UMTa Adi pazuoM para tathA naukara, majadUra aura apane parivAra ke vyakti para zakti se adhika bojha lAdanA atibhAra kI zreNI meM AtA hai / isake alAvA apane samaya aura zakti ko bacAkara dUsaroM se kAma lenA bhI atibhAra samajhA jAtA hai| ____ annapAnanirogha- isakA artha hotA hai khAna-pAna meM kaTautI karanA yA khAna-pAna-saMbaMdhI kaSTa denaa| mUka pazu pakSiyoM ko bhojana kama dekara yA na dekara unheM bhUkhA-pyAsA rakhanA annapAna nirodha kahalAtA hai / apane adhIna yA Azrita manuSyoM ko bhI paryApta bhojana na denA isI aticAra kA aMga hai| __ ataH zrAvaka ko ina sabhI kaSTadAyaka aticAroM ko jAnanA cAhiye aura inase sarvadA bacane kI koziza karanI caahiye| __sthUla mRSAvAda-viramaNa-satya aura ahiMsA kA itanA adhika ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai ki eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI ArAdhanA azakya hai| ye donoM paraspara pUraka tathA anyonyAzrita haiN| ahiMsA yathArthatA ko surUpa pradAna karatI hai, jaba ki yathArthatA ahiMsA kI surakSA karatI hai| ahiMsA ke binA satya nagna athavA kurUpa hotA hai jabaki satyarahita 1. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, pRSTha 51.

Page #233
214 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA maraNonmukha athavA arakSita hotI hai / ata: satya kA mahattva dekhate hue mRSAvAda se bacane kA upadeza diyA hai / kintu gRhasthoM ke liye sthUla mRSAvAda kA tyAga hI vrata pAlana ke liye anivArya mAnA gayA hai| sthUla mRSAvAda athavA moTA jhUTha kI zreNI meM nimnalikhita kArya Ate haiM 1. kanyAloka-vivAha ke saMbaMdha meM bAtacIta karate hue Ayu, zarIra, vANI tathA mastiSka-saMbaMdhI kanyA ke doSoM ko chipAnA yA usake vAstavika guNa ko bahuta adhika bar3hAcar3hA kara khnaa| 2. gavalIka-pazu ke lena-dena meM jo baila kama kAma karane vAlA ho, usake viSaya meM yaha kahanA ki bahuta adhika kAma karanevAlA hai tathA gAya-bhaiMsa ko adhika dUdha denevAlI batAnA, jabaki vaha kama hI dUdha kyoM na detI ho| " 3. bhUmyaloka-khetI-bArI tathA nivAsa sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM asatya bAteM krnaa| 4. nyAsApahAra-kisI saMsthA yA sAmAjika kArya ke liye saMgraha kI huI sampatti yA kisI ke dharohara ko har3apa lenaa| 5. kUDasakkhijja - jhUThA sAkSI bnnaa| 6. sandhikaraNa- SaDyantra racanA / AzvAsana dekara yA vizvAsa dilAkara jhUTha bolnaa| gRhastha sUkSma jhUTha ko tyAgane meM asamartha hotA hai| kyoMki pArivArika tathA sAmAjika bahuta se aise kArya hote haiM, jinameM use jhUTha kisI na kisI rUpa meM bolanA hI par3atA hai| lekina Upara kathita moTe jhUTha se to use bacanA hI cAhiye anyathA vaha zrAvaka dharma ko nahIM nibhA sakatA / vasunandi ne to zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki rAga-dveSa ke 1. jaina AcAra, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 62. 2. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 14. " pRSTha 53-54. sthUlamalIkaM na vadati na parAnvAdayati satyamapi vipade / yattadvadanti santaH sthUlamRSAvAda-veramaNam // 9 // 55 / / -samIcIna dharmazAstra.

Page #234
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 215 vazIbhUta ho asatya bhASaNa bilkula nahIM karanA cAhiye aura vaha satya bho nahIM bolanA cAhiye, jisase kisI ko pIr3A pahuMce athavA kisI kI hiMsA ho' / sthUla adattAdAna- viramaNa - acaurya ke binA na ahiMsA kA samyak pAlana ho sakatA hai aura na satya kA hI / ata: ahiMsA ke patha para calanevAle ke liye yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki vaha adattAdAna kA tyAga kare | kintu muni athavA zramaNa kI bhAMti adattAdAna kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana karanA zrAvaka ke liye azakya ho jAtA hai, isaliye use sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa kA pAlana karanA cAhiye yAnI use binA dI huI vastu ko mana, vacama, kAyA se na grahaNa karanA cAhiye aura na dUsaroM ko use grahaNa karane kI AjJA denI cAhiye / sthUla corI yAnI moTI corI ke antargata ye saba Ate haiM- seMdha kATakara corI karanA, adhika mUlyavAlI vastu ko binA pUche hue le lenA, rAhiyoM ko lUTanA-khasoTanA Adi / svadAra-santoSa--isa vrata ke anusAra pati ko sirpha apanI patnI ke sAtha tathA patnI ko kevala apane pati ke sAtha saMbhoga karanA caahiye| maithuna meM aneka jIvoM kA nAza hotA hai / ataH maithuna 1. aliyaM Na jaMpaNIya pANivahakaraM tu saccavayaNaM pi / rAyeNa ya doseNa ya / NeyaM bidiyaM vayaM thUla || 210 || - vasunandikRta zrAvakAcAra. 2. tayANaMtaraM ca gaM thulagaM adiNNadANaM paccakkhAi jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNaM, na karemi na kAravemi maNasA vayasA kAyasA / / 15 / / upAsaka dazAMga sUtra, prathama adhyayana pRSTha 57. "" nihitaM vA patitaM vA suvismRtaM vA parasvama visRSTam / na harati yanna ca datta e tadakRza- cauryAdugaramaNam ||11|| 57 // - samIcIna dharmazAstra. " 3. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM sadArasaMtosIe parimANaM karei, nannattha ekkAe sivAnaMdAe bhAriyAe avasesaM savvaM mehaNuvihiMpaccakkhAmi | 16 | - upAsakadazAMga sUtra, prathama adhyAya.

Page #235
216 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA hiMsA ko jananI hai | zramaNoM ko to isa kArya se bilkula vaMcita rahane ko kahA gayA hai, lekina zrAvakoM ko sirpha apanI patno taka aura zrAvikAoM ko apane pati taka ho apane ko niyaMtrita rakhane ko kahA gayA hai / icchA - parimANa - icchA kA vistAra ananta hai / yadi isako niyaMtrita na rakhA jAya to yaha manuSya ko pazu ke samAna ajJAnI aura dAnava ke samAna bhayAvaha banA de / jaba vyakti apano svataMtra icchA ko apanA pathapradarzaka banAtA hai to vaha cAhatA hai ki sabase adhika sukhasuvidhAeM tathA unake vibhinna sAdhana usI ke pAsa hoM / usI ko sabase adhika vaibhava prApta ho, sabase adhika yaza prApta ho aura usI ko sabase adhika zArIrika evaM mAnasika Ananda kI upalabdhi ho / yahI hai parigrahavRtti samAja meM jo zoSaNavRtti, pArasparika avizvAsa, IrSyAdveSa, chala, kapaTa, du:kha-dAridra, zoka saMtApa, lUTa-khasoTa Adi dekhane ko milate haiM unakA pradhAna kAraNa parigrahavRtti, saMgrahakhorI athavA saMcayabuddhi hai| arthAt parigrahavRtti hiMsA kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai / ataeva isase bacanA yA isa para niyaMtraNa rakhanA hI zreyaskara kahA jA sakatA hai aura isIliye zrAvakoM ko icchAparimANa kA pATha par3hAyA gayA hai / gAyApati Ananda zrAvakadharmaM ko dhAraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki bAraha koTi ( koSa ke liye cAra koTi, vyApAra ke liye cAra koTi tathA gRha evaM gRhopakaraNa ke lie cAra koTi) hiraNya-suvarNa ke atirikta dravyoM kA maiM tyAga karatA huuN| isa prakAra ve pazu-pakSI, bhUmi, hala, bailagAr3I, vAhana, naukA Adi sabhI eka nizcita saMkhyA meM rakhakara adhika kA tyAga karate haiM / yaha hai aparigraha vRtti / isakI paribhASA prastuta karate hue samIcIna dharmazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki dhana-dhAnya 1. jaina AcAra, DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 102. 2. tANaMtaraM ca Na icchAvihiparimANaM karemANaM hirasaNasuvaraNa vihi parimANaM karei, nannattha cauhiM hiraNakoDIhiM nihANa pauttAhiM, cauhiM vuDDhi uttAhi, cauhiM pavitthara pauttAhiM, avasesaM savvaM hiraNNasuvaNavihiMpaccakkhAmi // / 17 / / - upA0sU0pra0a0

Page #236
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 217 Adi parigraha ko sImita karake usa sImA se adhika prApta karane kA tyAga hI parimita parigraha hai| muniyoM ke liye ina vastuoM kA pUrNataH tyAga karanA kahA gayA hai, lekina zrAvakoM ke liye kahA gayA hai ki ve ina vastuoM ko parimita karaleM, kyoMki parivAra meM rahate hue ina cIjoM kA pUrNa tyAga zakya nahIM hai| guNavata: guNavrata tIna haiM : digvata, bhogopabhogavrata tathA anarthadaNDavata / cUMki ye mUla guNoM ko vRddhi karate haiM, inheM guNavrata kahate haiM / digvata-maraNa paryanta ke liye yaha saMkalpa karanA ki eka maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara nahIM jAUMgA, digvata yA dizAparimANa vrata kahalAtA hai| isameM gRhastha yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki khetI yA anya vyavasAya ke liye vaha Upara, nIce tathA cAroM dizAoM meM jAne kA eka khAsa maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kregaa| koI bhI vyakti jitanI adhika dUrI taya karegA yA jitane hI vistRta kSetra se usakA samparka hogA, utane hI adhika jIvoM se, bhale hI choTe hoM yA bar3e, usakA samparka hogA aura jyAdA hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rhegii| isake alAvA jyAdA vastuoM ko dekhakara usake mana meM adhika pralobhana hogA, adhika vikAra paidA hogA jo use hiMsA ko ora bar3hane ko prerita kreNge| 1. dhana-dhAnyAdigranthaM parimAya tato'dhikeSu niHspRhatA / parimitaparigrahaH syAdicchAparimANa - nAmA'pi // 15 // 6 // samIcIna dharmazAstra. 2. digvatamanarthadaNDavrataM ca bhogopabhogaparimANam / anuvRhaNAdguNAnAmAkhyAnti guNavratAnyAH // 1 // 67 // samIcIna dharmazAstra. 3. digvalayaM parigaNitaM kRtvA'to'haM bahirna yAsyAmi / iti saMkalpo digvatamAmRtyaNupApa-vinivRtyai // 2 // 8 // samIcIna dhamazAstra.

Page #237
218 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ataH ina bAtoM ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsA ko rokane ke liye digvata kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai| upabhogaparibhoga-parimANavata yA bhogopabhogaparimANabata-jisa vastu kA upayoga eka hI bAra hotA hai, use upabhoga tathA jisakA upabhoga bAra-bAra hotA hai, use paribhoga kahate haiM aura jaba isa upabhoga-paribhoga para niyaMtraNa ho jAtA hai, yAnI yaha nizcita kara diyA jAtA hai ki sirpha amuka vastu hI kAma meM lAyI jAyegI taba use upabhogaparibhoga parimANavata kahate haiM / isa brata meM ahiMsAvata kI rakSA acchI taraha hotI hai kyoMki isase vyakti ke mana meM saMtoSa hotA hai, jo use ahiMsA kI ora le jAtA hai| upabhogaparibhoga parimANavata ke nimnalikhita lakSaNa yA vidhiyAM haiM : 1. udvaNikA-vidhi-bhIMge zarIra ko poMchanevAle vastra aMgoche Adi kI saMkhyA ko nizcita krnaa| gAthApati Ananda ne zrAvakadharma ko dhAraNa karate hue sirpha 'gandhakaSAya' nAmaka vastra ko chor3akara anya sabhI aMga poMchane ke kAma meM AnevAle vastroM kA tyAga kiyA / . 2. dantadhAvana vidhi-dAMta sApha karane yA maMjana Adi kI maryAdA nizcita karanA, jaise Ananda ne kisI madhuyaSTi yAnI mulahaThI ke atirikta dUsare dAtUnoM kA tyAga kiyaa| ___3. phalavidhi-zrAvaka ke dvArA yaha nirdhArita karanA ki vaha 1. bhuktvA parihAtavyo bhogo bhuktvA punazca bhoktvyH| upabhogozana-vasanaprabhRtiH pAMcendriyoviSayaH // 17 // 8 // -samIcIna dharmazAstra. 2. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM uvabhogaparibhogavihiM paccakkhAemANe ullaNiyA vihiparimANaM karei / nannattha egAe gaMdha-kAsAie, avasesaM savvaM ullaNiyAvihiM paccakkhAmi // 22 // -upAsakadazAMga sUtra , pra0 a0 3. nannatya egeNaM allalaTThI sahueNaM, avasesaM daMtavaNavihiM paccakkhAmi // 23 // -upAsakadazAMga sUtra, pra0 a0

Page #238
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 219 koI phala vizeSa khAyegA, jaise Ananda ne sirpha kSIrAmalaka arthAt dudhiyA AMvalA khAne kA vacana grahaNa kiyA thaa| 4. abhyaMgana vidhi-mAliza ke kAma meM AnevAle teloM ko parimANita karanA / jaise Ananda ne kahA thA ki, maiM sirpha zatapAka tathA sahasrapAka nAmaka tela kA sevana kruuNgaa| 5. udvartana vidhi-ubaTanoM kI maryAdA nizcita karanA, jaise Ananda ne kevala gehU~ ke ATe Adi se bane hue ubaTana ko kAma meM lAne kI pratijJA kii| 6. snAnavidhi-snAna Adi ke liye pAnI kI mAtrA nizcita karanA, jaise Ananda ne kahA thA ki maiM kevala ATha auSTrika ( UMTa ke AkAra kA ) ghar3oM kA upayoga kruuNgaa| 7. vastravidhi-vastroM ko parimANita karanA, jaise Ananda ne kapAsa ke bane hue sirpha do kapar3oM ke alAvA anya sabhI vastroM kA tyAga kiyA thaa| 8. vilepana vidhi-zarIra meM lepa karane kI vastuoM ko maryAdita karanA, jaise Ananda ne sirpha aguru, kuMkuma, candana Adi ko svIkAra karake anya sabhI prakAra ke lepoM kA parityAga kiyaa| 9. puSpavidhi-puSpoM ke prayoga para niyaMtraNa lAnA, jaise Ananda ne kevala zvetakamala tathA mAlatI ke phUloM kI mAlA ko kAma meM lAne kA vacana liyaa| 1. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, prathama adhyayana, sUtra 24. 25. 26. 6. nannatya agarukukumacaMdaNamAdiehiM, avasesaM vilevaNa vihiM paccakkhAmi // 29 // -upA0 pra0 a0 7. nannatya egeNaM suddhapaumeNaM, mAlai kusumadAmeNaM vA, avasesaM pupphavihiM paccakkhAmi // -upA0 pra0 a0, pRSTha 37.

Page #239
220 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 10. AbharaNavidhi - AbharaNa kA parityAga karanA jaise Ananda ne kahA ki maiM svarNa-kuNDala evaM apane nAma kI mudrA ke alAvA dUsare sabhI AbhUSaNoM kA pratyAkhyAna karatA huuN| 11. dhUpavidhi - dhUpa-dIpa Adi ko parimANita krnaa| jaise Ananda ne upabhoga-paribhoga kA pratyAkhyAna karate hue kahA hai ki maiM aguru, lobAna, dhUpa ityAdi ke atirikta anya sabhI vastuoM kA tyAga karatA hU~, jo dhUpa kI jagaha kAma karatI haiN| 12. bhojana vidhi - peya vastuoM kI maryAdA nirdhArita krnaa| jaise Ananda gAthApati ne tatkAlIna mUga yA cAvala se taiyAra eka vizeSa prakAra ke peya ke alAvA anya sabhI peya vastuoM kA tyAga kiyaa| 13. bhakSyavidhi -pakvAnoM ko parimANita krnaa| jaise Ananda ne kevala ghevara tathA khAje ko grahaNa karane aura anya prakAra ke pakvAnoM ko tyAgane kA vacana liyaa| 14. odanavidhi-audana yAnI cAvala yA bhAta khAne para niyNtrnn| jaise Ananda ne kahA ki maiM kevala kalama jAti ke cAvala ko hI grahaNa karane tathA dUsare prakAra ke vibhinna cAvala tyAgane kI pratijJA karatA huuN| 1. nannatya maTThakaNNojjae hiM nAma muddAe ya, avasesaM AbharaNa vihiM paccakkhAmi // - upA0 pra0 a0, pR0 37. 2. nannattha agaru turukka dhUvamAdiehiM, avasesa dhuvaNa vihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0 pra0 a0, pRSTha 38. 3. nannatya egAe kaTTapejjAe, JavasesaM pejjavihiM paccakkhAmi // -upA0 pra0 a0, pR0 38. 4. nannattha egehiM ghayapuNNehiM khaNDakhajjaehiM vA, avasesaM bhakkhavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 36. 2. nannatya kalamasAli oyaNeNaM, avasesaM oyaNavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0, adhyayana 1, pRSTha 39.

Page #240
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 221 15. sUpavidhi-dAloM ke parimANa para niyaMtraNa karanA / jaise Ananda ne maTara, mUga tathA ur3ada kI dAla ke atirikta anya sabhI kI dAloM kA pratyAkhyAna kiyaa| 16. ghRtavidhi-ghRta kA tyAga / jaise Ananda anya prakAra ke ghRtoM kA tyAga karake kevala zaratkAlIna dAnedAra goghRtamaMDa lene ko taiyAra huaa| 17. zAkavidhi-zAka grahaNa karane para niyaMtraNa / jaise Ananda ne kahA ki maiM sirpha bathuA, cUccu, ghIyA, sauvastika aura maNDukika ke atirikta anya sabhI zAkoM kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~ / 18. mAdhukaravidhi-mevA-miSThAnna ko parimANita karanA / jaise Ananda ne anya sabhI prakAra ke mevA-niSThAnnoM ko tyAgakara sirpha pAlaMgA mAdhura yAnI zallakI jAti kI vanaspati ke goda se taiyAra eka peyavizeSa ko grahaNa karane kA vacana liyaa| 19. jaimanavidhi - vyaMjana kA pratyAkhyAna / jaise Ananda ne kevala sedhAmla tathA dAlikAmla ke atirikta anya sabhI taraha ke vyaMjanoM kA parityAga kara diyaa| 20. pAnIyavidhi-pIne ke pAnI kA parimANa niyaMtrita krnaa| 1. nannattha kalAyapUveNa vA, muggamAsasUveNa vA, avasesaM sUvavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 40. 2. nannattha sArahaeNaM goghayamaNDaeNaM, avasesaM ghayavihiM paccakkhAmi // -upA0, pra0 a0, pR. 41 3. nannattha vatthu-sAeNa vA, cUncusAeNaM vA, tubasAeNa vA sutthiyasAeNa vA, muNDuvikayasAeNavA, avasesaM sAgavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0, pra. a., pRSTha 41. 4. nannattha egeNaM pAlaMgAmAhuraeNaM, avasesaM mAhurayavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 42. 5. nannatya sehaMba dAliyabehiM, avasesaM jemaNa vihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0 pra0 a0, pRSTha 42.

Page #241
222 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA jaise Ananda ne kevala varSA kA jala grahaNa karane aura anya sabhI prakAra ke jaloM ko tyAgane kA vacana liyaa| 21. tAmbUlavidhi - mukhavAsa kA parimANa maryAdita krnaa| jaise Ananda ne kahA ki maiM pA~ca sugandhita vastuoM (kaMkola, kAlImirca, elA, lavaMga, jAtiphala, karpUra) se yukta tAmbUla ke atirikta anya sabhI prakAra kI sugandhita vastuoM ko, jo mukha ko suvAsita karatI haiM, tyAgatA huuN| __itanA hI nahIM, anya AcAryoM ne aura bhI pAMca pratyAkhyAna batAye haiM - vAhana, upAnat yAnI jUtA, zayyAsana, sacitta vastu, khAne ke anya sAmAna Adi ko maryAdita karanA / ata: saba milakara chanvIsa prakAra ke pratyAkhyAna hote haiN| ina sabake pIche yahI uddezya hai ki jIvana saMyamita ho tathA kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na ho| kyoMki khAne-pIne, vastrAdi dhAraNa karane tathA vAhana Adi ke prayoga meM SaTakAyoM meM se kisI na kisI prakAra ke jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hI hai| jitanI hI upabhoga-paribhoga meM vRddhi hogI, utane hI adhika prANiyoM kI hiMsA hogii| ataeva hiMsA ko rokane tathA ahiMsA ko sahArA dene ke dhyeya se hI upabhoga-paribhoga vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai- aisA kahA jAye to isameM zaMkA kI koI bhI saMbhAvanA nahIM diikhto| isa vrata kA nirUpaNa yA pratiSThApana do prakAra se hotA hai - 1. bhojana tathA 2. karma / bhojana se sambandha rakhanevAle isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM1. sacittAhAra-arthAt una vastuoM ko grahaNa karanA, jinameM jIva ho| 1. nannattha egeNaM aMtalikkhodaeNaM, avasesaM pANiyavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0 sU0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 43. 2. nannatya paMcasogaMdhieNa taMboleNaM, avasesaM muhavAsavihiM paccakkhAmi / -upA0 sU0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 44. 3. jaina AcAra, DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 107.

Page #242
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 223 2. sacittapratibaddhAhAra - una padArthoM ko khAnA, jinake sAtha jIva saTe hue hoM / 3. apakvauSadhi bhakSaNatA - kaccI vanaspati khAnA, jaise zAka, phala Adi / 4. duSpakvauSadhibhakSaNatA vaisI vanaspati grahaNa karanA, jo pUrNataH pakI na ho / 5. tucchauSadhibhakSaNatA - arthAt kaccI mUMgaphalI Adi grahaNa karanA / " karma-sambandhI isa vrata ke jitane aticAra haiM, unheM karmAdAna kahate haiM / karmAdAna una kAryoM yA vyApAroM ko kahate haiM, jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA bandha hotA hai / ina kAryoM se atyadhika hiMsA hotI hai, isaliye zrAvakoM ke lie ye tyAjya haiM / inakI saMkhyA pandraha hai : 2 1. iMgAlakamme ( aMgArakarma ) - koyale banAnA yAnI khAna se koyalA nikAlanA aura taiyAra karanA, IMTa pakAnA, bhaTTA calAnA Adi / jisameM Aga tathA koyalA adhika mAtrA meM kAma meM Ae / 2. vaNakamme ( vanakarma ) - jaMgala-saMbaMdhI vyApAra arthAt lakar3I kATakara becanA, gAMva yA zahara basAne ke uddezya se vanoM ko kATadenA yA unameM Aga lagA denA 1 1. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM upabhoga- paribhoge duvihe paNNatte, taMjahA - bhoyaNao, kammao ya, tattha NaM bhoyaNAo samaNovAsaraNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahAM - sacittAhAre sacittapaDibaddhAhAre, appauliosa hi bhakkhaNayA, duppauliosa hibhakkhaNyA tuccho sahibhakkhaNayA / - upA0 sU0 pra0 a0, pRSTha 65. 2. kammao NaM samaNovAsaeNaM paNNarasaM kammAdANAI jANiyavvAI, na samAyariyavvAhaM taM jahA iMgAla- kamme, varaNa-kamme, sAr3Ikamme, bhADIkamme phoDI-kamme, daMta-vANijje, lakkha-vANijje, rasa-vANijje, visa-vANijje, kesa - vANijje, jaMta- pIlaNa kamme, nillaMchaNa-kamme davaggi-dAvaNyA, saradahatalAyasosaNayA, asaI - jaNa -posaNayA / - upA0 sU0 pra0 a0, pRSTha 66.

Page #243
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 3. sADI-kamme ( zakaTakarma ) -zakaTa arthAt bailagAr3I, ratha, moTara, tAMgA Adi banAnA aura becnaa| 4. bhAr3Ikamme ( bhATIkarma )- baila, azva Adi pazuoM ko bhAr3e para denaa| 5. phor3o-kamme ( sphoTokarma ) --khAna khodane aura patthara tor3ane phor3ane ke vyApAra / 6. daMtavANijje ( dantavANijya )- hAthI dA~ta yA anya pazu ke bahamUlya dAMtoM, haDiDayo evaM camar3oM kA vyApAra krnaa| 7. lakkhavANijje ( lAkSavANijya )-lAkha yA lAha kA vyApAra krnaa| 8. rasavANijje ( rasavANijya )- madirA Adi rasa kA vyApAra krnaa| visavANijje ( viSavANijya )- vibhinna prakAra ke viSoM kA vyavasAya karanA jinameM bandUka, talavAra, dhanuSa-vANa bArUda Adi vastueM bhI samajhanI cAhiye / 10. kesavANijje ( kezavANijya )-bAloM yA bAlavAle prANiyoM kA vyApAra / mora-paMkha tathA Una kA vyApAra isake antargata nahIM AtA, kyoMki inheM prApta karane ke liye prANiyoM ko mAranA nahIM pdd'taa| 11. jantapIlaNakamme (yantrapIDanakarma)- kolhU Adi se saraso, tila Adi pernaa| 12. nillaMchaNakamme nirlAJchanakarma ) - baila, bakare Adi napuMsaka bnaanaa| 13. davaggidAvaNayA ( dAvAgnidApanatA )- jaMgala meM Aga lgaanaa| jaMgala meM Aga lagAne para usameM rahanevAle bahata se trasa prANiyoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| 14. saradahatalAyasosaNayA sarohradataDAgazoSaNatA)- jhIla, sarovara, tAlAba Adi jalAzayoM ko sukhA denaa| 15. asaIjaNaposaNayA asatIjanapoSaNatA ) - vyabhicAra ke uddezya se vezyA Adi niyukta karanA aura zikAra karane ke nimitta kutte, billI Adi hiMsaka pazuoM ko paalnaa|

Page #244
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 225 isa taraha upabhogaparibhoga vrata ke jitane bhI aticAra haiM, cAhe ve bhojana- sambandhI hoM yA karma-sambandhI, sabhI hiMsA kI ora hI le jAnevAle haiM / ataH hiMsA se bacane ke liye inheM jAnanA cAhiye aura inakA tyAga karanA cAhiye / ' anarthadaNDavrata - dharma, artha aura kAma ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yAnI ina tInoM kI prApti ke hetu koI bhI vyakti kucha karatA hai / lekina jisa kArya se ina tInoM meM se kisI kI bhI prApti na ho use anarthadaNDa kahate haiN| aise kArya se karanevAle kI svArthapUrti nahIM hotI kintu dUsare kI hAni ho jAtI hai| isake cAra lakSaNa yA prakAra haiM- 2 1. apadhyAnAcarita - duzcintA kI utpatti do prakAra se hotI hai : jaba santAna, svAsthya Adi iSTa vastuoM kI prApti nahIM hotI to vyakti ke mana meM taraha-taraha kI mAnasika cintAeM paidA hotI haiM, jinheM ArtadhyAna ke antargata liyA jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI zatrutAvaza yA krodhavaza manaHsthiti caMcala ho jAtI hai, jise raudradhyAna kahate haiM / ye donoM ho, khAsataura se raudradhyAna, mana ko hiMsA kI ora prerita karate haiM / 2. pramAdAcarita - AlasyapUrNa jIvana, jisa jIvana meM asAvadhAnI ho, zithilatA ho / binA kAma ke baiThe hue logoM ke dvArA dUsaroM kI zikAyata kA honA, zRMgArayukta vArtAlApa karanA / 3 hiMsrapradAna- kisI ko hiMsaka sAdhana dekara hiMsApUrNa kAryoM meM usakA sahAyaka bananA / 4. pApakarmopadeza - usa prakAra kA upadeza denA jisase sunanevAlA vibhinna prakAra ke pApoM meM pravRtta ho / 1. upAsaka dazAMga sUtra, pra0 a0, pRSTha 65 7. samIcIna dharmazAstra, a0 4, kArikA 83-60. yogazAstra, zloka 88. 113. vasunandikRta zrAvakAcAra, zloka 216, pRSTha 880 2. taM jahA avajjhANAyariyaM, pamAyAyariyaM, hiMsappayANaM, pAva-kammo ese / - upA0 sU0, pra0 a0, pRSTha 44.

Page #245
226 jainadharma meM ahiMsA samIcInadharmazAstra meM anarthadaNDa ke pAMca bheda kiye gaye haiM -pApopadeza, hiMsAdAna, apadhyAna, duHzra ti, pramAdacaryA / ' ina pAMca meM se cAra to ve hI haiM jinakA varNana upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM milatA hai lekina duHzruti adhika hai / duHzruti se matalaba hai una zAstroM se jo Arambha, parigraha, sAhasa jo zakti tathA nIti para dhyAna diye binA kiyA jAtA hai, mithyAtva, dveSa, rAga, mada aura madana ko pratipAdita karate hoN| unheM par3hanA yA sunanA / isa prakAra apane athavA apane kuTumba ke jIvana-nirvAha ke nimitta honevAle anivArya sAvadha arthAt hiMsApUrNa vyApAra-vyavasthA ke atirikta samasta pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM se nivRtta honA anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata hai| isa guNavrata se pradhAnatayA ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kA poSaNa hotA hai| anarthadaNDaviramaNa vratadhArI zrAvaka nirarthaka kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA aura na nirarthaka vastu kA saMgraha hI karatA hai, kyoMki isa prakAra ke saMgraha se hiMsA ko protsAhana milatA hai|3|| zikSAvata: aNuvrata aura guNavrata se zikSAvrata bhinna hai, kyoMki ise bAra-bAra grahaNa karake isakA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra vidyArthI apane pATha kA abhyAsa karatA hai usI prakAra zrAvaka isa vrata kA abhyAsa karatA hai aura isoliye ise zikSAvata kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| isake cAra bheda haiM : 1. pApopadeza-hiMsAdAnA'padhyAna-duHzru tIH pNc|| prAhuH pramAdacaryAmanartha daNDAnadaNDadharaH // 6 // 75 // - samIcIna dharmazAstra. 2. Arambha-saMga-sAhasa-mithyAtva-dveSa-rAga-mada-madanaiH / cetaH kanuSayatAM zru tiravadhInAM duHzru tirbhavati // 13 / / 76 // -samIcIna dharmazAstra. 3. jaina AcAra, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pRSTha 111. 4. dezAdhakAzikaM vA sAmayikaM proSadhopavAso vaa| vaiyyAvRttyaM zikSAvratAni catvAri ziSTAni // 1 // 61 // -samIcIna dharmazAna.

Page #246
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 227 sAmAyikavata -sAmAyika pada, do zabdoM ke saMyoga se bane hue 'samAya' zabda para AdhArita hai| ve do zabda haiM - 'sama' aura 'Aya' / 'sama' kA artha hotA hai 'samatA', 'barAbarI' tathA 'Aya' se samajhA jAtA hai AmadanI yA laabh| isa prakAra 'samAya' kA tAtparya huA 'samabhAva' yA samalAbha kI prApti yA yoM kahA jAya ki samatA kI prApti / ataH samabhAva lAnevAlI kriyA ko sAmAyika kahA jA sakatA hai| kucha aura spaSTa DhaMga se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM ke prati samadRSTi yA samabhAva rakhanA hI sAmAyika hai| samanta. bhadra ke anusAra mukti paryanta hiMsAdi pAMca pApoM kA pUrNarUpeNa tyAga karanA ho 'sAmayikavata' hai|' dezAvakAzikavata- dizAparimANavrata meM yaha nizcita kiyA jAtA hai ki zrAvaka apane jIvana meM AvAgamana kahAM taka karegA, lekina usameM bhI kucha ghaMTe yA kucha dinoM ke lie yadi vaha vizeSa maryAdA kAyama kara detA hai, usa maryAdA ko hI dezAvakAzika vrata kahate haiN| dizAparimANa vrata karane se zrAvaka hiMsA karane se bacatA hai, kyoMki kama dUrI meM calane se kama kAyoM yA kama jIvoM se hI usakA samparka ho pAtA hai. ataH kama jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura yadi sAmAnya maryAdita kSetra meM honevAle AvAgamana ko vaha vizeSa maryAdita kara detA hai. isakA matalaba hai ki vaha aura kama hisA kregaa| pauSadhopavAsavrata- zAntipUrNa DhaMga se vizeSa niyamapUrvaka upavAsa karanA tathA sAvadha kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA pauSadhopavAsavrata kahA jAtA hai| samIcInadharmazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki caturdazI aura aSTamI ko anna, pAna (peya ), khAdya tathA lehyarUpa se cAra prakAra ke AhAroM kA zubha saMkalpoM ke sAtha tyAga karanA hI pauSadhopavAsa vrata hai| 1. Asamayamukti muktaM paMcA'ghAnAmazeSabhAvena / ' sarvatra ca sAmayikAH sAmayikaM nAma zaMsanti // 7 // 97 // - samIcIna dharmazAstra. 2. parvaNyaSTamyAM ca jJAtavyaH proSadhopavAsastu / caturabhyavahAryANAM pratyAkhyAnaM sadicchAbhiH // 16 // 106 // -samIcIna dharmazAstra.

Page #247
228 jainadharma meM ahiMsA upavAsa karane se matalaba hai anna, peyavastu, khAdya Adi meM rahanevAle novoM kI hiMsA na ho, sAtha ho sAvadyakarmoM se vaMcita rahanA bhI hiMsA kama karane yA na karane kA hI vidhAna karatA hai| yathAsaMvibhAga yA atithisaMvibhAgavata-atithi yAnI jinake Ane kI koI tithi na ho.aise vyaktiyoM ke liye apane yathAsiddha bhojya padArtha kA samucita vibhAga karanA yathAsaMvibhAga athavA atithisaMvibhAga vrata kahalAtA hai| isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM : 1 sacittanikSepa-atithi ko dene ke bhaya se khAdyasAmagrI ko sacittavastu para rkhnaa| 2. sacittapidhAna -pake hue bhojana ko sacittavastu se DhaMka denaa| 3. kAlAtikrama-atithi bhojana na le sake, isa uddezya se bhojana ucita samaya para na bnaanaa| ___ 4 paravyapadeza- bhojya vastu ko apanI na batAkara dUsare kI batAnA, tAki atithi bhojana na le ske| 5. mAtsarya-sahaja bhAva se vastu na dekara isalie denA ki kisI aura ne dI hai yAnI IrSyAvaza denaa| ___ IrSyA bhI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| pahale ke do aticAroM meM, jinameM bhojya vastu kA sambandha sacitta vastu se kara diyA jAtA hai, hiMsA hotI hai yA hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH hiMsA na ho, isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ina aticAroM kA tyAga karanA caahiye| zramaNAcAra apavA zramaNa-dharma : jainAcAra meM do zabda-dezavirata tathA sarvavirata prAyaH prayukta kiye jAte haiN| dezavirata hama unheM kahate haiM jo hiMsA Adi kA pratyAkhyAna pUrNarUpeNa nahIM karate haiM yAnI zrAvaka aura sarvavirata ve kahe jAte haiM jo hiMsAdi doSoM ko saba taraha se tyAga dete haiM yAnI zramaNa / zramaNa dharma ke antargata pAMca mahAvrata Ate haiM, jinakA pAlana munigaNa 1. sacittanikkhevaNayA, sacittapehaNayA, kAlAikkame, paravavaese, macchariyA / -upAsakadazAMga sUtra, pra0 a0, pRSTha 82.

Page #248
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 299 tIna karaNa ( karanA, karavAnA tathA anumodana karanA ) aura tIna yoga ( mana, vacana evaM kAya ) se karate haiM / hiMsA kA tyAga, asatya kA tyAga, corI kA tyAga, maithuna kA tyAga aura parigraha kA tyAga - ye pA~ca mahAvrata haiM / inake viSaya meM paryApta vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai / yahA~ hama dekheMge ki ina vratoM ko paripuSTa karanevAlI kitanI bhAvanAeM haiM aura kisa prakAra ye unheM dRr3ha banAtI haiM / prANAtipAta viramaNa kI pAMca bhAvanAeM prathama bhAvanA- isakA sambandha IryA samiti se hai / nirgrantha sAdhu ko yatnapUrvaka calanA cAhiye anyathA vaha bhUta, jIva aura sattva kI hiMsA karatA hai, jisakI vajaha se karma kA Agamana hotA hai aura bandha hotA hai | ataH yaha bhAvanA isa cIja para jora detI hai ki muni yA zramaNa ko hamezA hI hiMsA se bacanA cAhiye / ' sAvadya 4 dvitIya bhAvanA - mana ko pApoM se haTAnA / pApajanaka, kriyA yukta, Azrava lAnevAlA, chedana-bhedana karanevAlA, kalaha karanevAlA, dveSayukta, paritApajanaka, prANoM kA atipAta aura jIvoM kA ghAta-upaghAta karanevAlA vicAra mana se dUra kara denA cAhiye, kyoMki kisI na kisI rUpa meM usase hiMsA hotI hI hai / 2 1. tassimAo paMca bhAvaNAo bhavaMti, tatyimA paDhamA bhAvaNA iriyAsamie se niggaMthe no agairiyAsamietti kevalI bUyA "iriyAsamie se niggathe no aNairiyAsamiiti paDhamA bhAvaNA // 1 // -AcArAMga sUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, paMcadaza adhyayana, pR0 1420; jayaM care jayaM ciTThe, jayaM Ase jayaM sae / jayaM bhujanto bhAsanto pAvakammaM na baMdhai // - dazavaikAlika sUtra, 4, 80 'maNaM pariyANai se niggaMthe, je ya maNe pAvara sAvajje sakirie aha kare cheyakare bheyakare ahigaraNie pAusie pariyAvie pANAivAie bhUovaghAie, tahappagAraM maNaM no padhArijjA gamaNAie, maNaM pariyAra se niggaMthe, je ya maNe apAvaetti duccA bhAvaNA // 2 // 2. - AcArAMga, dvi0 zru0, adhyAya 15, pR0 1421.

Page #249
230 jainadharma meM ahiMsA tRtIya bhAvanA-vacana kI apApakatA-vANI kI vishuddhtaa| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nirgrantha pApamaya, sAvadya yAnI jIvoM ke upaghAtaka tathA vinAzaka vacanoM kA prayoga na kare, kyoMki aise sadoSa bhASaNa se jovahiMsA hotI hai|' catartha bhAvanA-bhANDopakaraNa viSayaka samiti / sAdhu bhANDopakaraNa ko grahaNa kare yA kahIM rakhe to use pUrNa yatnapUrvaka grahaNa karanA yA rakhanA cAhiye, kyoMki aisA na karane se jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| paMcama bhAvanA--bhakta-pAna viSayaka aalokiktaa| vivekapUrvaka dekhakara bhojana yA jala grahaNa karanA hI sAdhu ke liye ucita hai varanA khAte yA pIte samaya vaha aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| ata: sadA dekhakara AhAra-pAna grahaNa karanA caahiye| ___ mRSAvAdaviramaNa kI bhAvanAe~ - satyavrata kA ahiMsA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai / isakI rakSA ke liye pA~ca bhAvanAeM batAI gaI haiM - 1. vANoviveka, 2. krovatyAga, 3 lobha-tyAga, 4. bhaya-tyAga tathA 5. hAsya-tyAga / krodha, lobha Adi hiMsA ke kAraNa haiM, ata: inakA sarvathA tyAga karanA hI sAdhu kA dharma samajhA jAtA hai|4| adattAdAnaviramaNa kI paca bhAvanAeM haiM : 1. soca-vicArakara vastu kI yAcanA karanA, 2. AcArya kI anumati se bhojana karanA, 3. parimita vasta svIkAra karanA, 4. bAra-bAra vastuoM ko maryAdita karanA tathA 5. sAmika se parimita padArthoM ko maagnaa| aisA karane se hiMsA ko tyAgane evaM ahiMsA ko apanAne meM sahAyatA milatI hai| yadi koI binA pUche hI kisI kI vastu le letA hai to usa 1. AcArAMga sUtra, dvi0 zru0, paMcadaza adhyayana, sUtra 3, pR0 1423. 2. vahI, sUtra 4, pR0 1425. 3. AloiyapANabhoyaNabhoI se niggaMthe no aNAloiyapANabhoyaNabhoI, kevalI bUyA.. paMcamA bhAvanA // 5 // -vahI, pR0 1426. 4. vahI, pRSTa 1430-1435.

Page #250
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 231 vastu ke abhAva meM use kaSTa hotA hai yA maryAdA se adhika bhI le letA hai to yaha kaSTadAyaka hI hotA hai / ataH kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha na ho, isakA dhyAna karate hue zramaNa ko Upara kathita bhAvanAoM kA pAlana karanA caahiye| bahmacarya kI bhAvanAeM - maithuna hiMsA kA kAraNa hotA hai, isase aneka sUkSma koTANuoM kA ghAta hotA hai| ata: nirgranthamuni ko isakA tyAga saba taraha se kara denA caahiye| isakI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiM : 1 strI-kathA na karanA, 2. strI ke aMgoM ko na dekhanA, 3. pUrvAnubhUta kAma-krIr3A ko yAda na karanA, 4. mAtrA kA atikramaNa karake bhojana na karanA tathA 5. usa sthAna para na rahanA jo strI ke samparka meM ho| cUki ina sabhI kAryoM se vAsanA ko vRddhi hotI hai, jo hiMsA ko bar3hAtI hai, ataH zramaNa yA zramaNI sadA ina bhAvanAoM kA sevana kare yahAM zreyaskara hai| __ aparigrahavata kI bhAvanAeM-parigraha se dveSa, IrSyA Adi hiMsAjanaka karmoM kA janma hotA hai, ataH yaha bhI muniyoM ke liye sadA tyAjya hai| isakI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiM : 1. zrotrendriya sambandhI viSaya ke prati rAga-dveSa kA na honA, 2. cakSurindriya sambandhI viSaya yAnI rUpa ke prati anAsakta honA, 3. ghrANendriya ke viSaya ke prati anAsakti, 4. rasanendriya ke viSaya ke prati anAsakti tathA 5. sparzanendriya ke viSaya ke prati anAsakti / rAtribhojana-viramaNavata: dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kSullakAcAra ko varNita karate hue sAdhu ke liye pA~ca prakAra ke bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai : 1. auddezika - sAdhu yA muni ko dene ke uddezya se banA huA bhojana, 2. krota-sAdhu ke liye kharIdA gayA bhojana, 3. nitya1. AcArAMga sUtra, dvitIya zru taskandha, pacadaza adhyayana, pR0 1435-43. , pR0 1443-53. pR 1453-65. 2. "

Page #251
jainadharma meM ahiMsA 232 piMDa -- sadA eka ho ghara se milanevAlA bhojana, 4. abhyAhRta - upAzraya Adi meM prApta bhojana tathA 5. rAtribhojana yAnI rAta meM bhojana karanA / itanA hI nahIM, rAtribhojana viramaNa vrata ko pAMca mahAvratoM ke bAda AnevAlA chaThA vrata bhI kahA hai| rAtribhojanaviramaNa ko vrata kI zra eNI meM isaliye rakhA gayA hai ki isase ahiMsA vrata kA poSaNa hotA hai / rAtri meM bhojana karane se aneka sUkSma prANiyoM ko hiMsA hotI hai, kyoMki manuSya una choTe-choTe prANiyoM ko dekha nahIM pAtA / isake alAvA choTe-choTe jIva kucha aise hote haiM jo rozanI dekhakara svataH A jAte aura cirAga Adi kI lau para jalakara mara jAte haiM / arthAt rAtri meM bhojana karanA hiMsA ko bar3hAvA denA hai / dazave - kAlika sUtra meM hI Age kahA hai ki sAdhu sUryAsta ke bAda tathA sUryodaya ke pahale azanAdi cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM ko mana se bhI tyAga de, yAnI inake upabhoga kI kalpanA mana meM bhI na lAye / samiti tathA guti : samitiyAM pA~ca tathA guptiyAM tIna hotA haiM / IrSyA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna aura uccAra samitiyA~ haiM tathA mana, vacana aura kAya guptiyA~ | ye pAMca samitiyAM sAdhu ke cAritra kI pravRtti ke lie tathA tIna guptiyAM azubha pravRttiyoM se nivRtti pAne ke liye hotI haiM / ye batAtI haiM ki sAdhu ko gamanAgamana meM Alambana, kAla, mArga aura yatanA kI zuddhi kA sadA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye / IryA samiti meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra Alambana svarUpa hote haiM, kAla divasa hai yAnI rAta meM use kahIM I 1. udda e siyaM kIyagaDaM, niyAgaM abhihaDANiya / rAibhatte, siNANeya gaMdha malle ya viyaNe // 2 // dazavekAlika sUtra, kSullakAcAra nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana. 2. ahnAvare chaTThe bhaMte ! vara rAIbhoyaNAo veramaNaM, savvaM bhaMte ! rAI bhoyaNaM paccakkhAmi // 166 // - dazavaikAlika 3. atthagayami Aicce, puratthAa aguggae / AhAramAiyaM savvaM, maNasA vi na patthae ||28|| sUtra, caturtha adhyayana. - dazavaikAlika sUtra, aSTama adhyayana.

Page #252
jainAcAra aura ahiMsA 233 1 gamana nahIM karanA cAhiye aura kumArga ko tyAganA cAhie tathA cAra prakAra kI yatanA - dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko hamezA hI dhyAna meM rakhanA caahie| yAnI vaha AMkhoM se dekhakara apane se Age kI cAra hAtha bhUmi ko dekhatA huA caleM, kyoMki aisA na karane se rAha meM par3e hue jIvoM kI hiMsA hogA / aura jaba taka vaha cale, viSayoM aura pAMca prakAra ke svAdhyAyoM ko varjita karatA huA cale | bolane ke samaya yaha dhyAna rakhe ki krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya Adi se yukta vacana na bole jaayeN| AhAra, upadhi, zayyA ina tonoM kI zuddhi para sAdhu kI sadA dRSTi rahanI cAhiye yAno gaveSaNA, grahaNeSaNA tathA paribhAgeSaNA yatnapUrvaka tathA zuddhatApUrvaka karanI caahiye| rajoharaNa, oghaupadhi, pATa, pATalA Adi ko grahaNa karate hue aura rakhate hue bhI zuddhatA kA khyAla karanA caahie| AMkhoM se dekhakara inheM lanA yA inakA prayoga karanA cAhiye / sAdhu ko apane malamUtra ko bhI usakI vidhi ke anusAra tyAganA yA paraThanA cAhiye / usa sthAna ko malamUtra tyAgane yA paraThane ke kAma lAnA cAhiye jahAM na koI AtA ho Ara na koI use dekhatA ho, jo acitta ho yAnI jahA~ para hiMsA hone kA saMbhAvanA nahIM ho tathA jahAM cUhe Adi ke bila na hoN| isa taraha guptiyoM kA pAlana karanA zramaNa ke liye Avazyaka hotA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya ina tAnoM hI guptiyoM ke satyA, asatyA, mRSA tathA asatyAmRSA ye cAra-cAra rUpa hote haiM / managupti ke anusAra sAdhu ko cAhiye ki vaha apane mana ko saMrambha, samArambha tathA Arambha kI ora jAne se roke / vacanagupti yaha sikhAtI hai ki sAdhu ko saMrambha, samArambha tathA Arambha meM pravRtta honevAle zabdoM kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA cAhiye, tathA kAyagupti batAtI hai ki sAdhu apane zarIra ko saMrambha-samArambha meM jAne se roke / isa prakAra samitiyAM tathA guptiyAM sAdhu ke jIvana ko saMyamita banAne meM use sahAyatA pradAna karatI haiM / ' 1. ka -AcArAMgasUtra, dvitIya zra taskandha, prathama cUlA, tRtIya adhyAya, sUtra 114, pR0 1068 kha -- - AcArAMgasUtra, dvi0zru0, cUlA 2, a0 3, sUtra 165, pRSTha 1261. ga- uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 24.

Page #253
jainadharma meM ahiMsA SaDAvazyaka: jo kriyAeM pratidina kI jAtI haiM tathA Avazyaka samajhakara kI jAtI haiM unheM Avazyaka kahA jAtA hai| ye chaH prakAra kI hotI haiM : 1. sAmAyika, 2. caturviMzatistava, 3 vandanA, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. kAyotsarga tathA. 6. pratyAkhyAna / ' sabhI jIvoM ko sama yA samAna samajhanA sAmAyika kahalAtA hai| jo sabhI prANiyoM ko barAbara samajhegA vaha kisI kI bhI hiMsA jAnabUjhakara nahIM kregaa| caubIsa.tIrtha karoM kI stuti karane ko cataviMzatistava kahate haiN| guru kI vandanA karanA vandana kahalAtA hai| guru kI vandanA isalie kI jAtI hai ki vaha sadjJAna detA hai| kI gaI galatiyoM ko sudhAranA pratikramaNa kahA jAtA hai| zarIra-sambandhI mamatA kA tyAga kAyotsarga kahA jAtA hai| kAyotsarga kI sthiti meM hilanADolanA, bolanA-calanA, uThanA Adi banda rahatA hai jisase jIvoM kI hiMsA rukatI hai| pratyAkhyAna kA matalaba hai tyAga / yadyapi munigaNa hiMsAdi doSoM ko prAyaH tyAga hI dete haiM, ve Avazyaka vastaoM meM se bhI kucha ko kucha kAla yA sarvadA ke liye tyAga dete haiM, jisase hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA aura kama ho jAtI hai| 1. AvazyakasUtra pUrNa tathA uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 26.

Page #254
paMcama adhyAya gAMdhIvAtI mahiMsA tathA jainadharma-pratipAdita ahiMsA gAMdhIvAda Adhunika yuga ke pramukha vAdoM meM se eka hai| mAtra isake nAmoccAraNa se hI adhikatara logoM ke sAmane isake janmadAtA yugapuruSa mahAtmA gAMdhI tathA isake vyAvahArika rUpa kI eka jhalaka-sI A jAtI hai| cUMki isakA vyAvahArika rUpa isake saiddhAntika rUpAnukUla hI hai, yaha AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI ki isakA vizeSa paricaya bhI diyA jaaye| phira bhI itanA to kahanA hI hogA ki gAMdhIvAda kevala dhAmika yA dArzanika yA rAjanetika yA samAjazAstrIya siddhAntoM para hI AdhArita nahIM hai balki yaha saba kA eka milAjulA rUpa hai / isameM bhAratIya saMskRti ke sabhI siddhAntoM kA samanvaya huA hai, isa samanvayakaraNa meM ahiMsA hI eka aisI zakti hai jo antaHsrota kA kAma karatI hai| yadyapi ahiMsA kI dhArA ati prAcInakAla se bhAratavarSa meM pravAhita ho rahI hai, mahAtmA gAMdhI ko ahiMsA kI ora AkarSita karane kA zreya mahAtmA kAunTa liyo TAlsaTAya ko hai jinake vacanoM ne unake mana-mandira meM ahiMsA rUpI dopaka ko jlaayaa| gAMdhIjI ne svayaM kahA hai'unakI pustakoM meM jisa kitAba kA prabhAva mujha para bahuta adhika par3A usakA nAma hai "kiMgaDama oNpha haivena ija vidIna yuu"| usakA artha yaha hai ki Izvara kA rAjya tumhAre hRdaya meM hai| vilAyata jAne ke samaya to maiM hiMsaka thA, hiMsA para merI zraddhA

Page #255
236 tarai meM ahiMsA thI aura ahiMsA para azraddhA / yaha pustaka par3hane ke bAda merI yaha azraddhA calI gaI / " 1 rAyacanda bhAI jena ) tathA raskina kA bhI gAMdhIjI ke jIvana para kAphI prabhAva thA / aura ina saba prabhAvoM ke phalasvarUpa jaba gAMdhIjI ne eka bAra ahisA ke svarUpa ko pahacAna liyA taba unhoMne ise isa taraha apanAyA ki ve svayaM ahiMsAmaya ho gaye 2 arthAt jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM ahiMsA kA jyotirmayA mUrti ko sthApanA kara dI / gAMdhIjI ke jIvana kA varNana yadi eka zabda meM kiyA jAya to vaha ahisA hai / unaka jovana kA svapna, unakA sArA kAryakrama ahiMsA kA ho svarUpa thA / isI ke liye vaha jIvita rahe aura isA ke liye mare | unake lekhoM tathA kathana kA adhika bhAga isI viSaya para thA aura jo nahIM thA vaha bhI isI dhyeya kA pUraka thA / unakI ahiMsA kevala siddhAnta athavA vicAra kI somA meM nahIM thA, na rAjanAtika AvazyakatA kI sAmayika pukAra thii| vaha macchara, pissU aura kITANuoM kI hiMsA karane ko bAdhya the to isa liye nahIM ki inakI hiMsA hiMsA na thI / kevala isaliye ki vijJAna ne koI aisI vidhi nahIM batAI, na mAnava jIvana itanA prazasta ho sakA jo inako hiMsA kiye binA mAnava samAja kI rakSA kara sakaM / inako hiMsA ko rokane meM vaha asamartha the aura isakA unheM duHkha thA / yuddha meM vaha sammilita hue to bhI isaliye nahIM ki hiMsA dvArA vijaya prApta karane meM unheM Ananda thA, kevala isaliye ki 1. gAMdhI sAhitya - 7, pRSTha 225. se TAlsaTAya ne 'svarga * 2. 'rAyacanda bhAI ne apane sajIva saMsarga tumhAre hRdaya meM hai' nAmaka pustaka dvArA tathA raskina ne 'anaTu disa lAsTa' - sarvodaya nAmaka pustaka se mujhe cakita kara diyA / ' ( mahAtmA gAMdhI kI ) AtmakathA, anu0 haribhAU upAdhyAya, bhAga 2, pRSTha 100. 3. 'maiM apane ko ahiMsAmaya mAnatA hU~' - gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 54.

Page #256
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA yadi saMbhava ho sake to hiMsA kI zIghrAtizIghra samApti kI jA ske|' mahAtmA gAMdhI ne svayaM bhI kahA hai .. mere lie satya se pare koI dharma nahIM hai aura ahiMsA se bar3hakara koI parama kartavya nahIM hai : 'satyAnnAsti paro dharmaH' aura 'ahiMsA paramo dhrmH'| maiMne jo kucha likhA hai, vaha meMne jo kucha kiyA hai usakA varNana hai aura maiMne jo kucha kiyA hai, vahI satya aura ahiMsA kI sabase bar3I TIkA ( vyAkhyA ) hai| ahiMsA kI paribhASA: ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kahA hai1. 'ahisA eka mahAvrata hai| talavAra kI dhAra para calane se bhI kaThina hai| dehadhArI ke lie usakA solaha AnA pAlana asaMbhava hai| usake pAlana ke lie ghora tapazcaryA kI AvazyakatA hai| tapazcaryA kA artha yahAM tyAga aura jJAna karanA caahie| 2. 'ahiMsA hI satyezvara kA darzana karane kA sIdhA aura choTA-sA mArga dikhAI detA hai| 3. 'ahiMsA ke mAne pUrNa nirdoSitA hI hai| pUrNa ahiMsA kA artha hai prANImAtra ke prati durbhAva kA pUrNa abhAva / 4. 'ahiMsA satya kA prANa hai| usake binA manuSya pazu hai|' 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, dvitIya bhAga, khaNDa 10, Amukha. 2. , " . , aura 'jainI ahiMsA' ___ke bIca vAle pRSTha para dekheM / 3. prathama prathama bhAga, , pRSTha 32. , 71. " 78. 6. . , . , 81.

Page #257
238 jainadharma meM ahiMsA 5. 'ahiMsA eka pUrNa sthiti hai sArI manuSya jAti isI eka lakSya kI ora svabhAvataH, parantu anajAne meM jA rahI hai|" 6. 'ahiMsA pracaNDa zastra hai| usameM parama puruSArtha hai| vaha bhIru se bhAgatI hai| vaha vIra puruSa kI zobhA hai, usakA sarvasva hai| yaha zuSka, nIrasa, jar3a padArtha nahIM hai yaha cetana hai| yaha AtmA kA vizeSa guNa hai|'2 ina paribhASAoM meM ahiMsA ko vibhinna dRSTiyoM se dekhA gayA hai| kabhI to ise mahAvrata batAyA gayA hai aura kabhI pracaMDa zastraH kabhI ise satya kA prANa tathA satya taka pahu~cane kA sanmArga batAyA gayA hai to kabhI ise apane Apa meM pUrNa kahA gayA hai| ina vacanoM se ahiMsA ke vibhinna guNoM para prakAza par3atA hai : kintu tIsarI paribhASA ahiMsA ke sahI rUpa ko vyakta karatI hai yAnI prANImAtra ke prati durbhAva yA kubhAva kA abhAva hI ahiMsA hai, kAraNa, jaba taka kisI ke prati mana meM kubhAva nahIM AtA, hiMsApUrNa pravRtti jAgatI nhiiN| ahiMsA kA svarUpa : gAMdhIjI ne bhI mAnA hai ki hiMsA kevala zarIra se hI nahIM balki vacana aura mana se bhI hotI hai, jaisA ki 'ahiMsA' pustaka meM likhA hai__ 'unakI dRSTi meM jagat meM sAre prANI eka haiM, jahA~ taka jIva kA saMbaMdha hai unameM se kisI ko hAni pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai| gAMdhI jA yahIM nahIM rukate, kisI ke prati hAni pahu~cAnevAlI bAta socanA hiMsA meM hI sammilita hai|'3 ___mana, vacana tathA kAya se hiMsA karane kA matalaba hotA hai ki hiMsA ke do rUpa haiM-bhAva hiMsA aura dravya hiMsA; aura isI AdhAra para aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahisA ke do rUpa haiM-bhAva ahiMsA aura dravya ahiNsaa| 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 84. 2. ". " 3. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, dvitIya bhAga, khaNDa 10, Amukha. .".. " , " 101.

Page #258
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 239 hiMsA tathA ahiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa: bhAMdhIjI ke anusAra aham yA ahamatva para AdhArita jitanI bhI mAnuSika kriyAeM haiM, ve sabhI hiMsA hI haiM jaise-svArtha, prabhutA kI gAvanA, jAtigata vidveSa, asantalita evaM asaMyamita bhogatRpti, vizuddha bhautikatA kI pUjA, apane vyaktigata aura vargagata svArthoM kA aMdha sAdhana, zala aura zakti ke AdhAra para apanI kAmanAoM kI saMtRpti karanA, apane adhikAra ko kAyama rakhane ke lie bala kA prayoga tathA anya vyaktiyoM ke adhikAroM kA apaharaNa aadi| ThIka isake viparIta ahiMsA aham bhAvanA ke vinAza meM nihita hai / ahiMsA vaha manaHsthiti hai jisameM manuSya kA ujjvalAMza uddIpta ho, vaha ahaMkAra, svArtha, bhautika bhogoM kI lolupatA se UMcA uThakara apane vyaktitva kA visarjana virATa ke kalyANa meM kara dene meM apanA vikAsa, apanI pragati aura apanA nizreyas dekhe / arthAt ahiMsA mAtra jIvadayA hI nahIM hai balki svArtha kA tyAga, janakalyANa ke nimita kiye gaye kArya, asaMyamita bhogapravRtti kA tyAga Adi ahiMsA ke hI rUpa haiN| sarvabhUtahitAya ahiMsA : __ ahiMsA mAtra manuSya jAti kA hI hita karanevAlI ho yAnI manuSyoM ke hita yA lAbha ke lie anya prANiyoM kA ghAta yA kisI bhI prakAra ko hAni ko vaha svIkAra kare to aiso ahiMsA gAMdhIjI ke matAnusAra ahiMsA kahalAne kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatI hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki AdamI yadi apane meM vaha zakti paidA kara le ki vaha zera-bhAlU Adi hiMsaka pazuoM se bhI prema kara sake aura binA unako hatyA kiye bhI kAma calA sake to ati uttama hai| jo ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai vaha prANI mAtra ke prati sadbhAvanA rakhatA hai / vaha una prANiyoM ko bhI gale lagAtA hai jo hiMsaka haiM, viSele haiN| per3a-paudhoM ko 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, Amukha. 2. " " , pRSTha 31.

Page #259
240 jainadharma meM ahiMsA ukhAr3anA bhI burA hai, kyoMki ghAsa-pAta meM bhI jIva hote haiM aura ina bAtoM ko dekhate hue, jaba eka vyakti jIvanayApana meM pahu~canevAlI kaThinAiyoM ko gAMdhIjI ke samakSa rakhatA hai to ve kahate haiM ahiMsA ke pUrNa pAlana kI avasthA meM avazya hI jIvana kI sthiti asaMbhava ho jAtI hai| ataeva hama saba mara jAyaM to paravAha nahIM, satya ko kAyama rahane denA caahie| prAcIna RSi-muniyoM ne isa siddhAnta ko AkhirI maryAdA taka pahu~cAyA hai aura yaha kaha diyA hai ki bhautika jIvana eka doSa hai, eka jaMjAla hai / mokSa dehAdi ke pare aisI adeha-sUkSma avasthA hai jahA~ na khAnA hai, na pAnI hai aura isalie jahA~ na dUdha duhane kI AvazyakatA hai aura na ghAsapAta ko tor3ane kI / " itanA kahane aura socane ke bAvajUda bhI gAMdhIjI se sUkSma kITANuoM macchara Adi kI yadi hiMsA ho jAtI thI to ve yaha nahIM mAnate the ki cUMki choTe kITANu haiM, inakI hiMsA ke lie kyA socanA-vicAranA, balki ve duHkhita hote the, unake ghAta ke lie tathA vijJAna kI asamarthatA ke lie ki Ajataka vijJAna ne koI aisA upAya nahIM nikAlA, jisase ki sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane se AdamI apane ko bacA pAe / hiMsA ke bAhya kAraNA : isa saMsAra meM jo bhI dehadhArI hai vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM hiMsA karatA hI hai / yadi vaha eka jagaha khar3A bhI rahatA hai to bhI vaha bhojana svarUpa anna, phala, vanaspati to letA hI hai / isake alAvA maccharoM Adi kI jAna letA hai tathA samajhatA hai ki aisA karane meM koI bhI doSa nahIM hai / ina hiMsAoM ke pramukha tIna kAraNa haiM - 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 21. 2. dvitIya bhAga, ,, Amukha . prathama bhAga, *, pRSTha 64-65. " "1 "" ""

Page #260
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 241 1 vyaktigata svArtha ke kAraNa - bhojana Adi grahaNa karane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, usameM vyaktigata svArtha hai, kyoMki bhojana se apane zarIra kI rakSA hotI hai| 2. paramArtha ke lie hiMsA-gAMvoM meM Ae hiMsaka prANiyoM, jaise siMha Adi kI hiMsA paramArtha ke lie hotI hai| 3. usI prANI kI sukhazAnti ke lie hiMsA karanA, jisakI hiMsA kI jAtI hai-yadi kisI kI aMgulI meM ghAva ho gayA ho aura usameM sar3ana paidA ho gayA ho to aisI hAlata meM DAkTara ke dvArA usakI aMgaliyoM kA kATanA hiMsA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki DAkTara aMgaliyoM ko isalie kATatA hai ki usa vyakti kA ghAva Age bar3he nahIM aura na usakA sArA zarIra ghAvamaya ho jaaye|| ina tInoM meM se prathama do meM hiMsA kA honA anivArya hai, kyoMki yadi hiMsA kA dhyAna karate hae koI vyakti bhojana chor3a de tathA hiMsaka pazuoM ko mAre binA unheM svatantra vicaraNa karane de, to aisI hAlata meM jInA taka muzkila ho jaayegaa| ataH ina donoM meM hiMsA kA kucha aMza hai| kintu tIsarI bilkula ahiMsA hai kyoMki aisI hiMsA meM hiMsaka kA koI apanA svArtha nahIM hotA yahA~ hiMsya jIva ko sukha pahuMcAne kI dRSTi se hiMsA kI jAtI hai| mAtra jIva ko mAra denA hI hiMsA nahIM : eka bAra ambAlAla nAmaka eka seTha ne ahamadAbAda meM sATha kuttoM ko maravA diyaa| una kuttoM meM se eka pAgala thA aura anya 59 ko usane kATa khAyA thaa| isa ghaTanA ko gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsA ghoSita kiyaa| unake virodha meM bahuta se logoM ne taraha-taraha ke patra bheje tathA jhagar3ane ko taiyAra hue| lekina gAMdhIjI ne apane vicAra kI puSTi ke lie do kAraNa prastuta kie : kuttA, ghor3A Adi vaphAdAra jAnavara hote haiN| lekina kuttoM ko ucita bhojana nahIM milatA aura ve idharaudhara bhaTakate rahate haiN| ataH unakI vaphAdArI hama anya DhaMga se nahIM cukA sakate to unheM mArakara hI hama unheM usa kaSTa se bacA jo ki galiyoM meM bhojana ke lie bhaTakate hue mAra khAne meM prApta hotA hai| eka kutte ke

Page #261
242 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA pAgala ho jAne para tathA usake dvArA anya kuttoM ko kATa khAne se una saba ke bhI pAgala hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, jisase bahuta bar3I hiMsA ho sakatI hai kyoMki pAgala kutte manuSyoM, pazuoM Adi ko kATeMge jisase aneka prANiyoM ko bhI kaSTa ho sakatA hai| aisI hAlata meM kuttoM kA mArA jAnA hiMsA nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva mAtra jIvoM kA prANaghAta hI hiMsA nahIM kahalA sktaa| ahiMsA kI vizeSatA: ahiMsA eka mAnasika sthiti hai| ahisaka ke lie yaha . Avazyaka hai ki vaha ahiMsA kI sthiti ko samajhe anyathA vaha ahiMsA ko apanA nahIM sktaa| sAmAnyataura se aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki dainika jIvana ke vyavahAra kI vastuoM ko tyAga dene se ahiMsA kA pAlana ho sakatA hai, kintu mAtra bhojana tyAga denA hI ahiMsA ho aisI bAta nhiiN| rogI apanI rugNAvasthA meM tathA duSkAla pIr3ita vyakti bhojana nahIM krte| lekina ina donoM kA bhojana tyAga karanA ahiMsA nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki isameM bhojana kA tyAga eka majabUrI hai, mana meM to bhojana prApta karane kI lAlasA vartamAna hI hai| majabUrI yA bevazI kA saMbaMdha kAyaratA se hai, lekina ahiMsA kSatriya kA guNa hai / kAyara vyakti ke dvArA ahiMsA kA pAlana asaMbhava hai| jisameM zakti hai, jo zUrahai vahI kisI para dayA kara sakatA hai, jo nirIha prANI hai, kAyara hai, vaha apanI rakSA ke lie dUsaroM ke sAmane hAtha phailAtA hai, vaha dUsaroM kI rakSA yA dUsaroM para dayA nahIM kara sktaa|3 'ahiMsA hai jAgrata AtmA kA guNavizeSa / ' yaha anya guNoM kA srota hai, mUla hai| ataeva isakI saphala sAdhanA binA vicAra, viveka, vairAgya, tapazcaryA, samatA evaM jJAna ke nahIM ho sktii| ahiMsA aMdha-prema bhI nahIM hai| aMdha-prama ke kAraNa mAtAeM apane baccoM ko isa prakAra 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaMDa 10, pRSTha 52-55, 56.63 Adi. 2. vahI, pR0 17. 3. vahI, pR0 63. 4. vahI, pR080.

Page #262
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 243 dulAratI-pukAratI haiM ki ve sahI rAha para nahIM A pAte, kyoMki ve cAhatI haiM ki unake baccoM ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na ho| kintu isa prakAra baccoM ko sahI mArga para na le jAkara, unheM kaSToM se bacAnA ahiMsA nahIM balki aMdha-premavaza ajJAnatA se utpanna honevAlI hisA hai| isake alAvA' - 1. ahiMsA sarvazreSTha mAnavadharma hai, isameM pazubala se anaMtaguNI adhika zakti evaM mahAnatA hai| 2. phira bhI yaha una logoM ke lie lAbhadAyikA nahIM hotI, jinheM paramezvara meM zraddhA nahIM hai| 3. isase vyakti ke svAbhimAna aura sammAna-bhAvanA kI rakSA hotI hai| 4 yadi koI vyakti athavA rASTra ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA cAhe to sarvaprathama use apanA Atma-sammAna Adi sarvasva tyAgane ko taiyAra rahanA caahie| 5 ahiMsA kI eka yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki isakI sahAyatA bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha, strI-puruSa saba le sakate haiN| 6 ahiMsA jitanA hI lAbha eka vyakti ko pradAna kara sakatI hai utanA hI eka jana-samUha ko athavA eka rASTra ko| yadi koI aisA samajhatA hai ki yaha kevala vyakti ke lie hI lAbha kara hai to aisA samajhanA usa vyakti kI bhUla hai, nAsamajhI hai| ahiMsA na rUr3hivAda hai, na upayogitAvAda : __ rUr3hivAda ko apanAnevAloM meM se koI vyakti gomAMsa khAtA hai aura koI nahIM khAtA hai| lekina yadi gomAMsa na khAnevAlA yaha kahatA hai ki vaha gomAMsa khAnevAle se acchA hai, kyoMki vaha mAMsa nahIM khAtA, to aisI bAta sahI nahIM samajhI jA sktii| yadi gomAMsa khAnevAle vyakti ke dila meM dayA hai, sahAnubhUti hai to vahI ahiMsaka hai, vahI acchA vyakti hai bajAya usake jo gomAMsAdi to nahIM khAtA, 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, dvitIya bhAga, khaMDa 10, pRSTha 168-166.

Page #263
244 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kintu dila meM dveSa, durbhAva Adi saMjoye rakhatA hai / ataeva rUr3hivAda ke Azraya meM gomAMsa Adi kA vyavahAra na karanA ahiMsA kI zreNI meM nahIM A sktaa|' pazcima meM ahiMsA manuSya jAti taka hI samApta ho jAtI hai aura upayogitAvAda ke nAma para manuSya ke phAyade ke lie anya jAnavaroM ko cIrA-phAr3A jAtA hai; yuddha-saMbaMdhI sAmAna ekatrita kiyA jaataahai| kintu ahiMsAvAdI jIvita prANiyoM kI cIra-phAr3a karane tathA yuddha meM sahAyatA dene ke bajAya apanA prANa hI de denA acchA samajhegA kyoMki ahiMsAvAdI sabhI prANiyoM kA hita cAhatA hai, sirpha manuSya kA hI nhiiN| jaba ahiMsAvAdI sabhI jIvoM yA adhikAMza kA sukha cAhatA hai to usameM kucha jIvoM (jaise manuSya jAti Adi) kA bhI sUkha yA lAbha sammilita rahatA hI hai| yAnI yahAM para ahiMsAvAda aura upayogitAbAda kI bheMTa ho jAtI hai lekina phira apane samayAnusAra donoM alaga ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA aura dayA : ahiMsA aura dayA ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhIjI ke sAmane kaI eka prazna upasthita kie gae aura una praznoM ke jo uttara unhoMne diye, unase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unake mata meM ahiMsA aura dayA kA kyA saMbaMdha hai| praznoM meM se tIna pradhAna haiM jo nimnalikhita haiM1. jaba Apa dayA aura anukampA ke bhAva se prerita hote aura kAma karate haiM, taba dayA ke badale kaI jagaha ahiMsA zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| isase galataphahamI kA paidA honA saMbhava hai, vaha paidA hotI hai / mujhe yaha bhI kaha denA cAhie ki mAnI huI dayA jhUThI bhI ho sakatI hai| 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, bhAga 1, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 17-180 2. vahI, pR.83-84. 3. vahI, pR0 116.

Page #264
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 245 2. ahiMsA AtmA se paidA honevAlA eka bhAva hai, jo sakriya nahIM hotA / lekina dayA aura anukampA vyavahArajanya bhAva haiM / sakriya haiM; ahiMsA sakriya nahIM hai / dayA kA ahiMsA ke badale aura ahiMsA kA dayA ke badale upayoga hone para ahiMsA ke sacce artha kA ullaMghana hotA hai / isa kAraNa dayA aura ahiMsA ke bIca kA bheda jAna lene yogya hai / 3. kyA kisI krUra aura jaMgalI kahI jAnevAlI manuSyabhakSI jAti meM manuSyajAti ke prati pra ema paidA karake, dayA upajAkara, dUsare prANI aura manuSya ke bIca kA viveka samajhAkara usakA manuSya bhakSaNa chur3AnA aura pazu ke mAMsa se apanA nirvAha karane kI bAta kahanA, athavA mAMsa khAnevAle logoM ko phala, phUla, vRkSa Adi vanaspati se jIvana-nirvAha karane kI bAta kahanA, unheM ahiMsA kA mArga batalAnA kahA jAyagA ? vicAra karane para yaha ekAMga viveka pratIta hogA / ekAMga hote hue bhI yaha sadoSa hai / ahiMsA kI dRSTi meM jIvamAtra samAna haiM / isa kAraNa Upara kA mArga ahiMsA kA mArga nahIM hai| ina praznoM ke uttara dete hue gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki ahiMsA aura dayA meM utanA hI antara hai, jitanA ki sone aura sone se bane hue gahane meM yA bIja aura vRkSa meM / dayA ke binA ahiMsA ho hI nahIM sakatI jaise bIja ke binA vRkSa nahIM ho sakatA / kintu ajJAna yA kAyaratAvaza kI gaI dayA ko ahiMsA nahIM kaha sakate / yadi koI vyakti kara apane AkramaNakArI ko kucha nahIM kahatA yA usake sAtha kucha nahIM karatA, isakA yaha artha nahIM ki usane dayAbhAva ke vazIbhUta ho kucha kiyA nahIM aura cupake se baiThA rahA / ataH dayA ahiMsA kA srota hai, kintu use kAyaratA aura bhaya se dUra rahanA cAhiye / kriyAhIna ahiMsA AkAza ke phUla ke samAna hai arthAt aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ahiMsA sakriya nahIM hai, kyoMki koI bhI kriyA hotI hai, usameM sirpha hAtha aura paira hI saba kucha ho aisI bAta nahIM / vicAra ke binA kriyA ho hI nahIM sakatI, dUsare zabdoM meM vicAra bhI

Page #265
246 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kriyA hI hai, kyoMki kriyA isI se nirdezita hotI hai / ataeva aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ahiMsA niSkriya hai tathA dayA sakriya hai, balki donoM hI sakriya haiM / jo sarvabhakSI hai, yAnI sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM ke mAMsa, machalI Adi khAtA hai, kisI se paraheja nahIM rakhatA vaha yadi dayA yA prema se prerita hokara apanI bhakSya vastuoM kI maryAdA yA sImA kAyama kara detA hai to isakA matalaba hai ki vaha apane dvArA kI gaI hiMsA kI sImA nirdhArita karatA hai / jaba hiMsA sImAbaddha ho jAtI hai, taba nizcita hI ahiMsA kA vistAra hotA hai / ataH jahAM ahiMsA hai, vahAM jJAnapUrNa dayA hotI hai / jo kAma hama logoM se nahIM ho sakate yA jisa kAma ke karane kA kucha artha nahIM, aise dayA ke kevala dikhAU kAma hama karate haiM aura jo dayA ke kArya hama kara sakate haiM, unheM nahIM krte| dhIrA bhagata kI bhASA meM kaheM to hamaloga nihAI kI corI karate haiM aura rUI kA dAna karane kA DhoMga karate haiN| gItA kI bhASA meM kaheM to svadharma kA, jo hamAre lie sulabha hai, thor3A-sA bhI pAlana karanA chor3akara hama paradharma ke pAlana ke bar3e-bar3e vicAra karate haiM, aura 'ito bhraSTastato bhraSTaH' ho jAte haiM / aisI bhUloM se hameM bacanA cAhiye / ' jIva dayA AtmA kA eka mahAn guNa hai / ataH isakI sImA itanI choTI nahIM hai ki kucha jIvoM ko bacAkara hI koI isakA pUrNa pAlana kara le / eka vyakti cIMTiyoM ke lie sattU chIMTakara samajhatA hai ki vaha bahuta bar3A dayAvAna hai, lekina usake bagala meM hI yadi kisI ke ghara meM cIMTiyoM kA upadrava ho rahA hai, phalasvarUpa usake bhojya padArtha gande ho jAte haiM, bichAvana sone ke lAyaka nahIM raha jAtI, aisI hAlata meM cIMTiyoM ko sattU denevAlA kahA~ taka ahiMsA karatA hai yA hiMsA / koI vyakti kutte yA anya jAnavaroM ko jo use hAni pahu~cAte haiM, mAratA pITatA nahIM aura unheM piMjar3e meM banda karake dUsare gAMva meM chor3a AtA hai, jahAM ki ve jAnavara phasala kI barbAdI yA anya 1 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaMDa 10, pRSTha 26.

Page #266
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 247 prakAra kI kSati karate haiM, to aisI hAlata meM usa vyakti kA hiMsaka yA hAni pahuMcAnevAle jAnavaroM ko na mArakara anya sthAna para pahu~cAnA ahiMsAyukta dayA hogI yA hiMsAyukta dayA ? isa prakAra kI dayA kabhI bhI ahiMsA kA rUpa nahIM le sakatI, vaha sadA hiMsA hI khlaayegii|' hamaloga dayA-dharma ke nAma para hiMsA ko anajAna meM uttejana dete rahate haiN| ghara para Aye hue bhikhArI ko roTI kA eka Tukar3A yA eka-Adha paisA dekara hama samajhate haiM ki hamane dayA kA bahuta bar3A kAma kiyA, jo puNyajanaka hai, yAnI hama puNya ke bhAgI haiN| kintu isase bhikhAriyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI hai, samAja meM Alasya aura akarmaNyatA bar3hatI hai, jo hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai| lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM ki kisI bhI bhikhArI ko kucha diyA hI na jaaye| jo vAstava meM lUlA, laMgar3A, rogI hai, zarIra se asamartha hai vaha sahAyatA pAne ke yogya hai usakI sahAyatA karanA sabakA kartavya hotA hai| lekina kevala aisA samajhakara ki bhIkha denA dayA hai, puNya denevAlA hai, cora, lampaTa sabako bhikSA denA, sahAyatA karanA hiMsA ho sakatA hai, ahiMsA nhiiN|2 ahiMsA aura satya : satya eka vizAla vRkSa hai| usakI jyoM-jyoM sevA kI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM usameM aneka phala Ate hue dikhAI dete haiM / unakA aMta hI nahIM hotaa| jyoM-jyoM hama gahare paiThate haiM, tyoM-tyoM unameM ratna nikalate haiM, sevA ke avasara Ate haiN| satya ko jAnanevAlA tathA mana, vacana aura kAyA (karma ) se satya ko Acarita karanevAlA paramAtmA ko jAnatA hai| vaha bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya tIna kAloM ko jAnatA hai aura use dehatyAga se pUrva hI mukti mila jAtI hai| satya ke adhiSThAna ke 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 55. 2. vahI, pR0 61. 3. vahI, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 161. 4. vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 51.

Page #267
248 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA lie jihvA ko niyaMtrita karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, aura jo apane jIvana meM satya ko utAra letA hai yAnI jisakA jIvana satyamaya ho jAtA hai, usake jIvana meM vaha zuddhatA A jAtI hai jo zveta sphaTika meM hotI hai / ' ataH paramezvara 'satya' hai, yaha kahane ke bajAya satya hI 'paramezvara' hai, yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai / r jahA~ taka ahiMsA aura satya ke saMbaMdha kI bAta hai, gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki satya sabase bar3A dharma hai aura ahiMsA sabase bar3A karttavya hai tathA isa karttavya ko bAra-bAra karake hI koI vyakti satya kI pUjA kara sakatA hai yAnI satya eka sAdhya hai aura ahiMsA eka sAdhana / saMsAra meM satya ke bAda koI aura sakriya zakti hai to vaha ahiMsA hI hai / ' anya sthAna para unake ( gAMdhIjI ke ) vacana isa prakAra haiM satya vidheyAtmaka hai, ahiMsA niSedhAtmaka hai / satya vastu kA sAkSI hai | ahiMsA vastu hone para bhI usakA niSedha karatI hai / satya hai, asatya nahIM hai / hiMsA hai, ahiMsA nahIM hai / phira bhI ahiMsA hI honA cAhie / yahI parama dharma hai / satya svayaM siddha hai | ahiMsA usakA sampUrNa phala hai, satya meM vaha chipI huI hai / vaha satya kI taraha vyakta nahIM hai / - satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanevAle tapasvI ne cAroM ora phailI huI hiMsA meM se ahiMsA devI ko saMsAra ke sAmane prakaTa karake kahA haihiMsA mithyA hai, mAyA hai, ahiMsA hI satya vastu hai / brahmacaryaM asteya, aparigraha bhI ahiMsA ke lie hI haiM / ye ahiMsA ko siddha karanevAle haiM | ahiMsA satya kA prANa hai / usake binA manuSya pazu hai| 1 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaMDa 10 } pRSTha 45,48. 2. vahI, pR0 63. 3. vahI, dvitIya bhAga, Amukha ke bAdavAlA pRSTha. 4. vahI, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 87. 5. vahI, pR0 39-40.

Page #268
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 246 isa prakAra gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsA ko kabhI satya kA sAdhana, kabhI satya kA phala, kabhI satya kA prANa aura kabhI ahiMsA aura satya donoM ko eka hI batAyA hai| ata: yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unake vicAra meM donoM meM kauna-sA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki unake anusAra ahisA aura satya kA saMbaMdha ghaniSTha aura aTUTa hai; ahiMsA ke binA koI satya kA pAlana vaise hI nahIM kara sakatA, jaise satya ke binA ahiMsA kaa| ahiMsA aura brahmacarya : __ eka bAra kisI kAMgresa netA ne gAMdhIjI ke samakSa (jabaki ve kAMgresa se alaga ho gaye the ) yaha prazna rakhA ki kyA bAta hai ki kAMgresa aba naitikatA kI dRSTi se vaisI nahIM rahI jaisI san 1920-25 meM thI ? yAnI kAMgresa kI naitikatA ke hAsa kA kyA kAraNa hai ? isa prazna kA jo uttara gAMdhIjI ne diyA usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai- ahiMsA para AdhArita kAMgresa-rUpI jo satyAgraha dala senA ) hai, usake senAnAyaka meM aba vaisI tAkata nahIM raha gaI hai, jaisI usameM honI caahie| ataH vaha apane dala ko sahI rUpa meM prabhAvita tathA saMcAlita nahIM kara pA rahI hai| Age unhoMne phira kahA ki satyAgraha dala ke senApati meM vaisI tAkata nahIM honI cAhie, jo astra-zastra kI pracuratA se prApta hotI hai, balki usameM vaha zakti honI cAhie jo jIvana kI zuddhatA, dRSTa jAgarUkatA aura satata AcaraNa se prApta hotI hai| yaha brahmacarya kA pAlana kiye bagaira asaMbhava hai|' brahmacarya kevala daihika Atma-saMyama taka hI sImita nahIM hai, balki isakI maryAdA kA bahuta bar3A vistAra hai| isakA pUrNarUpa sabhI indriyoM ke niyamana meM dekhA jAtA hai| azuddha vicAra kA mana meM AnA bhI brahmacarya kA ghAtaka hotA hai| jo bhI mAnavIya zaktiyAM haiM, unakA srota vIrya kI rakSA aura Urdhvagati meM hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki satyAgraha ke pIche jo ahiMsA-rUpI bahata bar3I zakti kAma kara rahI thI, usakI jar3a meM bhI brahmacarya-zakti hI kAma 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, dvitIya bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 213.

Page #269
250 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kara rahI thI, jisakA hrAsa hone se kAMgresa kI naitikatA kA hrAsa ho gayA hai / arthAt brahmacaryaM ko pAlane ke binA ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM ho sakatA / ahiMsA aura yajJa : vaidika paramparA kA vivecana karate hue yaha dekhA gayA hai ki adhikAMza hindUzAstroM ne yahI mAnA hai ki yajJa meM kI jAnevAlI hiMsA hisA nahIM hotI / kintu gAMdhIjI ke vicArAnusAra yaha apUrNa satya hai, pUrNa nhiiN| cAhe vaha kisI samaya yA kisI bhI prayojana se kI jAye, kintu hiMsA hiMsA hI hogI, jo ki pApajanaka hai, vaha kisI bhI hAlata meM ahiMsA nahIM ho sakatI / lekina siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha vyavahAra ko bhI apanA adhikAra prApta hai / ataeva jisa hisA ko vaha anivArya mAna letA hai, use yA to kSamya ghoSita kara detA hai yA use puNya kI zreNI meM bhI le letA hai / yahI bAta yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA ke sAtha hai / cUMki vyavahAra - zAstra ne use anivArya hiMsA mAna liyA hai, ataH use zuddha aura puNyajanaka bhI ghoSita kara diyA hai / kintu anivArya hiMsA kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki vaha to deza-kAla aura pAtra ke anusAra barAbara badalatI rahatI hai / " jaise durbala zarIra kI rakSA ke lie jAr3e meM lakar3I Adi kA jalAnA, jisameM aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, anivArya samajhA jA sakatA hai, lekina garmI meM binA kisI jarUrata ke lakar3I yA koyalA jalAkara aneka sUkSma jIvoM kA ghAta karanA anivArya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ahiMsA aura khetI 1 khetI zuddha yajJa hai, tathA saccA paropakAra hai / gAMdhIjI ke isa mata para AzaMkA karate hue 'navajIvana' ke eka pAThaka ne pUchA ki eka cIMTI ke daba jAne se mana meM takalIpha hotI hai aura khetI karane meM to hajAroM kIr3oM kA vinAza hotA hai, aisI hAlata meM khetI kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? kyoM na koI vyakti bhikSATana karake yA anya koI vyApAra karake hI apanA jIvana yApana kare ? 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pR0 51.

Page #270
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 251 isameM koI zaka nahIM ki khetI meM aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, lekina isameM bhI kisI AzaMkA kI kalpanA taka nahIM ho sakatI ki zvAsocchavAsa meM hajAroM sUkSma jIvoM kA nAza hotA hai| arthAt zvAsocchavAsa jisa prakAra jarUrI hai, ThIka usI prakAra khetI bhI Avazyaka hai, ise rokA nahIM jA sktaa| jo loga khetI ko tyAgakara bhikSATana karanA cAhate haiM, unakI yaha bahuta bar3I bhUla hai, ve bhI khetI se honevAlI hiMsA ke doSI ho jAte haiM. yadi khetI karane meM doSa hai, kyoMki anna to kisI na kisI ke dvArA kI gaI khetI ke phalasvarUpa hI milatA hai| ata: bhikSATana karanevAlA apane ko hiMsA ke doSa se mukta na samajhe, yadi vaha samajhatA hai ki khetI karanA doSapUrNa hai| yadi koI anya vyApAra karanA cAhatA hai to usameM bhI hiMsA hotI hai jaise rezama kA dhandhA jisameM rezama ke kIr3oM kI hiMsA hotI hai; motI kA vyApAra, jisameM sIpa kA kIr3A ubAlA jAtA hai| isake alAvA Upara sira karake calanevAle vyaktiyoM kI, jo kisI prANI ke daba jAne ke viSaya meM socate bhI nahIM, tulanA una khetIharoM se nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo prANiyoM ko bacAte hue khetI karate haiM yAnI jinakA uddezya jIva hiMsA karanA nahIM hotA, jo bar3e hI vinamra hote haiM, jagata ke pAlanahAra hote haiN| khetI eka Avazyaka evaM zaddha yajJa hai, jise dharmaniSTha loga karate haiN|' ahiMsA kA Arthika rUpa : 'jo bAta zuddha arthazAstra ke viruddha ho vaha ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| jisameM parama artha hai, vaha zaddha hai| ahiMsA kA vyApAra ghATe kA nahIM hotA / ahiMsA ke donoM palar3oM kA jamA-kharca zUnya hotA hai / 2 isa siddhAnta kA prayoga khAdI pahanane meM dikhAyA gayA hai| gAMdhIjI ne svayaM kahA hai ki khAdI pahanane meM ahiMsA, rAjakAja tathA arthazAstra tInoM kA hI samAveza pAyA jAtA hai|3 khAdI taiyAra karane meM utanI 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pR0 35-36. 2. vahI, pR. 117. 3. vahI,pR0 17.

Page #271
252 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prakriyAeM nahIM hotI, jitanI ki mila meM taiyAra honevAle kapar3oM ke sAtha hotI haiN| ataeva khAdI pahanane meM mila ke kapar3e pahanane se kama hiMsA hai| jahAM taka svadezI aura videzI miloM kI bAta hai, svadezI mila ke kapar3oM ko taiyAra karanevAle hamAre par3osI bhAI-bandhu hI hote haiM aura jaba hama unake dvArA banAye gaye kapar3e pahanate haiM to hamAre hRdaya meM apane par3osI bandhuoM ke prati prema jagatA hai, sahAnubhUti jagatI hai| hama unakI rojI-roTI meM sahAyaka banate haiN| kintu jina vastuoM ke taiyAra hone meM majadUroM ko jyAdA se jyAdA kaSTa hotA hai, unakI jindagI eka sAmAnya mAnavIya jindagI nahIM raha jAtI, vaisI vastuoM ke prayoga tyAjya samajhe jA sakate haiM, bhale hI vyavahAra meM unheM nahIM tyAgA jAtA hai| ahiMsA kA sAmAjika rUpa : gAMdhIjI ne una bhikhAriyoM ko bhIkha dene kA virodha kiyA hai, jo ki apaMga aura apAhija nahIM haiN| kyoMki aisA na karane se samAja meM Alasya tathA para nirbharatA bar3hatI hai| jo AlasI hai, parAvalambI hai, use jisa samaya dUsaroM se khAne ko anna tathA pahanane ko vastra nahIM milate, vaha corI karatA hai, DakaitI karatA hai, samAja meM nAnA prakAra ke hiMsAjanaka kArya karatA hai| ataH ahiMsA kA sAmAjika rUpa apane ko dayAvAna ghoSita karate hue saba kisI ko bhIkhasvarUpa paise, bhojana Adi denA nahIM samajhA jA sakatA, balki soca-samajha kara, pUchatAcha kara kisI ko sahAyatA denA, jisase samAja kA vAstavika kalyANa ho sake, ahiMsA kA sAmAjika prayoga ho sakatA hai| V achUtoddhAra bhI ahisA kA eka sAmAjika rUpa hai| gAMdhIjI ne aspRzyatA kI bhartsanA karate hue kahA hai ki yaha hindU samAja kI sar3ana hai, vahama hai aura pApa hai| 'janma ke kAraNa mAnI gaI isa aspRzyatA meM ahiMsAdharma aura sarvabhUtAtmabhAva kA niSedha ho jAtA hai| isakI jar3a meM saMyama nahIM hai, uccatA kI uddhata bhAvanA hI yahAM baiThI huI hai| 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 61.

Page #272
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 253 isalie yaha spaSTata: adharma hai| isane dharma ke bahAne lAkhoM, karor3oM kI hAlata gulAmoM kI sI kara DAlI hai / " ataeva isa sAmAjika viSamatA ko dUra karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki harijanoM ko, jinheM achUta kahA gayA hai, mele, mandira, pAThazAlA Adi sArvajanika sthAnoM meM samAna adhikAra diyA jAye / lekina aisA nahIM ki unakI aspRzyatA dUra karane ke lie unake peze chur3avA diye jAyeM, kyoMki kAma to sabhI barAbara hI haiM, koI bar3A yA choTA nahIM hai| balki jAta-pAta kI jar3a kATanA zreyaskara hai, kyoMki yaha achUtapana kI taraha samAja kA eka bahuta bar3A kor3ha hai; jaba taka jAta-pAta kI viSamatA ko dUra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai achUtapana bhI dUra nahIM ho sakatA / yaha chUAchUta dUra karane kA prazna sirpha mAnavamAtra taka hI sImita nahIM hai, balki isakI vyApakatA jIvamAtra taka pahu~cI isalie chUAchUta dUra karanevAle vyaktiyoM ko sirpha bhaMgiyoM aura mociyoM ko apanAkara hI saMtoSa nahIM karanA cAhie, apitu unheM jIvamAtra ko apanAnA tathA samUcI duniyA ke sAtha mitratA nibhAnI cAhie | kyoMki jIvamAtra ke sAtha bheda miTAnA hI chUAchUta miTAnA hai / isa prakAra gAMdhIjI ne apane samAja meM sirpha manuSyoM ko hI nahIM balki pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI sthAna diyA hai / unake vicAra meM jisa prakAra apaMga tathA apAhija ke alAvA anya bhikhamaMgoM ko bhikSA denA doSapUrNa hai, ThIka usI prakAra galiyoM meM bhaTakate hue kuttoM ko roTI kA eka-Adha Tukar3A de denA doSa hai, pApa hai / kuttoM ko bhI rahane ko nizcita sthAna tathA ucita bhojana milanA cAhie, kyoMki ye bahuta hI vaphAdAra sAthI hote haiM / beghara kA kuttA samAja kI sabhyatA yA dayA kA cihna nahIM hai balki samAja ke ajJAna tathA [ Alasya kA / 1. bApU aura harijana, saMkalanakartA - kSemacanda 'sumana', pRSTha 23, 62. 2. vahI. 3. vahI, pR0 50. 4. vahI, pR0 62.

Page #273
254 ___ jaina dharma meM ahiMsA jAnavara loga apane bhAI-bandha haiN| inameM siMha, bAgha ityAdi ko bhI ginatA hai| hama logoM ko siMha, sarpa Adi ke sAtha rahanA nahIM AtA yaha hamArI zikSA kI truTi ke kAraNa hai|' ahiMsA kA rAjanaitika rUpa ( satyAgraha aura asahayoga): satyAgraha zabda do zabdoM-satya aura Agraha kA milA huA rUpa hai, isakA artha ho sakatA hai satya ke prati Agraha / gAMdhIvAdI vicAra meM isase sirpha satya Adi dharmoM ke prati Agraha hI nahIM samajhA jAtA, balki adharma yA asatya kA satya ke mAdhyama se virodha bhii| cUMki virodha meM hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, yaha kahA gayA hai ki asatya yA adharma kA virodha to honA cAhie lekina ahiMsAmaya sAdhana se| yahI satyAgraha hai| gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki isameM (satyAgraha meM) satya zakti hai; isa zakti ko unhoMne prema-zakti yA Atma zakti kI saMjJA bhI dI hai; isameM dhairya aura sahAnubhUti ko sthAna milA hai, hiMsA ko nhiiN| ataH satyAgraha se matalaba hotA hai dUsare kI galatI ko hiMsAtmaka tarIke se yA use pIDA dekara nahIM, balki svayaM dhairyapUrvaka kaSTa sahakara tathA galatI karanevAle ke prati sahAnubhUti aura prema dikhAkara sudhAranA / satyAgraha meM aisI bar3I tAkata hotI hai ki isa para saMsAra kI koI bhI zakti vijaya nahIM pA sktii| aisI mahatI zakti ko prApta karane ke lie kaThina sAdhanA kI jarUrata hotI hai, isIlie gAMdhIjI ne kahA thA ki satyAgraha Azrama meM rahanevAloM ko satya vrata, ahiMsA vrata, bahmacarya vrata, svAdendriyanigraha vrata, asteya vrata, aparigraha vrata, svadezI vrata ( svadezI vastuoM ke prayoga ), nirbhayatA vrata tathA aspRzyatA vrata kA pAlana karanA caahie| gAMdhIjI ke zabdoM meM - 1. gAMdhIjI, ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, khaNDa 10, pRSTha 61-62 2. yaMga iMDiyA, 14 janavarI 1620; gAMdhIvAda kI zavaparIkSA- yazapAla, pRSTha 142. 3. dillI DAyarI-mo0 ka0 gAMdhI, pRSTha 176. 4. vahI, pR. 46-63.

Page #274
255 gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 'asahayoga aura savinaya avajJA satyAgraha rUpI eka hI vRkSa kI vibhinna zAkhAeM haiM / yaha merA kalpadruma hai / satyAgraha satya kA zodha hai; aura Izvara satya hai| ahiMsA vaha prakAza hai, jo mujhe satya ko prakaTa karatA hai| mere lie svarAja usI satya kA eka aMga hai| asahayoga ko niSkriya samajhanA bhUla ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha sirpha sakriya hI nahIM hai, balki isameM zArIrika avarodha, pratirodha yA hiMsA se bahata adhika kriyAzIlatA hai| gAMdhIjI ne jisa rUpa meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha nizcita hI ahiMsAtmaka hai aura isameM lezamAtra bhI daNDAtmaka yA pratihiMsAtmaka bhAvanA nahIM hai| yaha dveSa, durbhAva tathA ghRNA se bilkula hI dUra hai| isameM anuzAsana aura utsarga kI jarUrata hotI hai| dUsare kI virodhI bhAvanAoM ke lie yaha hiMsA ko nahIM apanAtA, balki dhairya aura sahiSNutA kA sahArA letA hai|3 jisa asahayoga meM prema nahIM vaha rAkSasI hai; jisameM prema hai vaha IzvarI hai| hamAre asahayoga ke mUla meM prema hai|' isa prakAra gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsA ko vibhinna rUpoM meM apanAyA hai, jisakI vajaha se prAcIna hote hae bhI yaha navIna dIkhatI hai, phira bhI itanA kahanA koI galata na hogA ki inake vicAra meM ahiMsA ke sAmAjika, Arthika evaM rAjanaitika rUpa adhika prakAzita hue haiM / gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA evaM jainadharma-pratipAdita ahiMsA : ___ jainadharma pratipAdita ahiMsA se hamaloga pahale hI pUrNarUpeNa avagata ho cuke haiM, ataH yahA~ aba yaha dekhane kA prayAsa karanA zreyaskara hogA ki gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA tathA jainadharmAnumodita ahiMsA meM kina-kina sthaloM para samAnatA hai tathA kina-kina jagahoM para asmaantaa| 1. yaMga iMDiyA, 26 disambara 1924. 2. gAMdhIvANI-rAmanAtha sumana, pR0 160; yaM0 iMDiyA 25 agasta 1920. " " : " 15 disambara 1620. 4. vahI,

Page #275
256 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA tathA usakA svarUpa : gAMdhIvAda tathA jainadharma donoM ne hI mAnA hai ki prANImAtra ke prati rAga-dveSa yAnI durAva, durbhAva kA tyAga karanA ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA vistAra sirpha manuSya taka hI nahIM, balki saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM taka hai| cUMki hiMsA mana, vANI aura kriyA tInoM se kI jAtI hai, ahiMsA kA bhI zuddha svarUpa rAgadveSa Adi se utpanna hiMsAtmaka kAryoM se manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA bacane meM hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| arthAt ahiMsA ke do svarUpa haiM-bhAva aura dravya / inakI spaSTatA jainadharma meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai / gAMdhIvAda meM yadyapi inake nAmakaraNa nahIM hue haiM, mana, vANI aura kriyA ke AdhAra para isa prakAra ke vibhAjana ho sakate haiN| jainamatAnusAra mana, vANI aura kriyA hiMsA athavA ahiMsA ke tIna yoga haiM aura karanA, karavAnA tathA anumodana karanA tIna karaNa haiM jinake saMyoga se hiMsA yA ahiMsA karane ke nau prakAra ho jAte haiM, yAnI ahiMsA kI nau rAheM haiM / jo vyakti ina nau prakAroM se ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai vahI pUrNa ahiMsaka mAnA jAtA hai| kintu aisI bAta gAMdhIvAda meM nahIM pAI jaatii| vaha tIna yoga se Age tIna karaNa arthAt karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karane para apanA koI spaSTa vicAra vyakta nahIM krtaa| vaise vivecana karane para gAMdhIvAda meM bhI yahI bAta phalita hotI hai| jIva : jainadharma ne jIva ke chaH prakAra batAye haiM-pRthvIkAya, apkAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya, trasakAya / arthAt svata: miTTI, jala, agni Adi meM prANa haiM aura ahiMsaka ko ina saboM kI hiMsA se bhI bacanA caahie| isake alAvA isane vibhinna kAyoM kI hiMsA hone ke vibhinna kAraNa batAye haiM-jaise pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA pRthvI ko jotane, bAvar3I banAne, tAlAba khodane, kUpa khodane, kyArI banAne Adi se hotI hai| ataH eka pUrNa ahiMsaka ko ina kAryoM se bacanA caahie| lekina gAMdhIvAda meM aisI bAta nahIM miltii| gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki agni jalAne se sthAna aura kAla ke anusAra, tathA harI vanaspati para

Page #276
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA 257 calane se hiMsA hotI hai / gAMdhIjI ne vanaspati meM prANa hotA hai aura usakA ghAta hotA hai ise to mAnA hai, lekina agni ke viSaya meM unakA hiMsA yA ahiMsA mAnanA isalie hai ki agni meM jalanevAlI lakar3I Adi ke sAtha bahuta se sUkSma jIva mara jAte haiM, isalie nahIM ki agni svata: prANavAna hai / isI taraha pRthvIkAya aura apkAya ke viSaya meM unakA koI spaSTa vicAra nahIM miltaa| lekina jainadharma ne SaTkAyoM ke alaga-alaga vizleSaNa kiye haiM, unakI hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke alagaalaga tarIke bhI batAye haiM / kintu gAMdhIvAda meM jIva ke viSaya meM jaina dharma kI taraha koI tAttvika vizleSaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, isalie hiMsA ke bhI sAmAnyataura se isameM tIna kAraNa batAye gaye haiM - 1. svArtha - apanI sukha-suvidhA ke lie, 2. paramArtha - dUsare kI sukha-suvidhA ke nimitta tathA 3 hiMsA kI jAnevAle prANI ke hita ke nimitta arthAt hiMsA karane meM hiMsaka kA uddezya usI ko lAbha pahuMcAnA hotA hai jisakI vaha hiMsA karatA hai | hiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa tathA ahiMsA ke vibhinna nAma : praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA ke pApa, caNDa, raudra, sAhasika, anAryaM Adi vibhinna 22 rUpa batAye gaye haiM / gA~dhIjI ne kahA hai ki aham yA ahamatva para AdhArita jitane bhI kArya haiM, ve sabhI hiMsA haiM, jaise svArtha, prabhutA kI bhAvanA, jAtigata vidveSa, asaMtulita evaM asaMyamita jIvana | praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hI ahiMsA ke zAnti, yaza, prasannatA, rati, virati zrutAMga, nAma batAye gaye haiM / kintu gAMdhIjI ne moTe DhaMga se svArthatyAga, janakalyANa ke lie kiye gaye kArya, asaMyamita bhogapravRtti kA tyAga Adi ko ahiMsA kahA hai / nirvANa, nivRtti, samatA, saMtoSa, dayA Adi sATha 3 hiMsA tathA ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva : asatya, steya, abrahmacarya tathA parigraha hiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiM / ina sabhI se kisI na kisI rUpa meM hiMsA hotI hai / ThIka isake viparIta

Page #277
258 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiM yAnI ahiMsA kA saba taraha se pAlana karane ke lie ina cAroM vratoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA ke mila jAne para ye pAMca mahAvrata ho jAte haiN| ina paMca mahAvratoM ko gAMdhIvAda tathA jainadharma donoM hI pradhAnatA dete haiN| gAMdhIjI ne sApha kahA hai ki ahiMsA eka mahAvata hai| jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA sthAna sarvocca hai, kintu gAMdhIvAda meM satya kaa| yadyapi gA~dhIjI ne eka jagaha para anyavratoM ko ahiMsA kA poSaka mAnA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA hai ki ahiMsA satya kA prANa hai| isa prakAra unake kathanoM se satya kA sthAna hI UMcA mAlama hotA hai. kyoMki aisA bhI inhoMne kahA hai ki saMsAra meM satya ke bAda koI zakti hai to ahiNsaa| gAMdhIjI ne satya ko dharma aura ahiMsA ko eka kartavya mAnA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki ahiMsA hI satyezvara ke darzana karAne kA mArga hai| ina sabhI bAtoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki gAMdhIjI kI dRSTi meM satya kA sthAna sarvocca hai| ahiMsA aura khetI : hiMsA athavA ahisA bhAvapradhAna hai, isapara gAMdhIvAda tathA jainadharma donoM hI bala dete haiN| khetI karane meM kisAna ke dvArA aneka jIvajantuoM kA hanana hotA hai, jaba vaha hala jotatA hai, kintu kisAna kA uddezya jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA nahIM hotA, vaha to mAtra hala jotane kI icchA rakhatA hai| isalie usake dvArA kI gaI hiMsA kSamya samajhI jAtI hai, arthAt hiMsA karate hue bhI vaha ahiMsaka hI samajhA jAtA hai kyoMki usakI bhAvanA hiMsA-pradhAna na hokara ahiMsA-pradhAna hotI hai| gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki ve hiMsAeM jinheM samAja ne vyAvahArika rUpa meM anivArya mAna liyA hai, hiMsAeM hote hue bhI hiMsAeM nahIM samajhI jAtI yA kSamya hotI haiN| kintu unhoMne anivArya hiMsA kI koI paribhASA nahIM batalAI hai, kAraNa ve samaya aura sthiti ke anusAra badalatI rahatI haiN| jainadharma ne aisI hiMsA kA "anivArya" yA anya koI nAmakaraNa nahIM kiyA lekina kSamya mAnA hai|

Page #278
gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA. zramaNa aura zrAvaka : 1 jainadharma ne ahiMsA ko paMcamahAvratoM meM sthAna diyA hai- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha | ye mahAvrata zramaNoM yA muniyoM ke dvArA pAle jAte haiM / ina vratoM kA pAlana karane ke lie eSaNA, samiti, gupti Adi nirdhArita huI haiN| zrAvakoM athavA gRhasthoM ke lie aNuvrata, guNavrata tathA zikSAvrata kI zikSA dI gaI hai / aNuvrata meM vratoM kI maryAdA kucha sImita rahatI hai / jaise ahiMsA pAlana meM hI yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki ve ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana kareM yAnI sthUla tathA sUkSma donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ko dhAta se bacAveM / zrAvaka ke lie mAtra sthUla hiMsA se bacanA hI jarUrI kahA gayA hai / hiMsA athavA ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI vicAra zramaNa aura zrAvaka ke liye alaga-alaga DhaMga se kiye gaye haiM / aisI bAta gAMdhIvAda meM nahIM miltii| gAMdhIvAda ne gRhastha tathA sAdhu sabake lie ahiMsA kA mahattva barAbara samajhA hai / 259 jaina dharma ne ahiMsA - pAlana ke lie vibhinna prakAra kI maryAdAeM nirdhArita kI haiM tAki hiMsA kama ho / gAMdhIvAda meM aisI koI maryAdA nahIM miltii| yadi vastra maryAdA ke lie khAdI pahananA batAyA gayA hai aura isa maryAdA kA uddezya hiMsA kama karanA hai to bhI yaha ahiMsA kA sIdhA sAdhana nahIM banatI hai jaisA ki jainadharma meM hai, balki yaha arthazAstra kI rAha se ahiMsA taka pahuMcatI hai / yAnI isameM Arthika zoSaNa, jo hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai, se bacane para jora diyA gayA hai / ahiMsA aura yajJa: vaidika paramparA ke anusAra yajJa meM honevAlI hiMsA kA jainadharma ne bilkula virodha kiyA hai / gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ki hiMsA cAhe yajJa meM ho yA anya kahIM kintu vaha hiMsA hI hai, ahiMsA nhiiN| phira bhI vyavahAra ne ise anivArya hiMsA mAnakara doSarahita samajha rakhA hai / lekina inhoMne anivArya hiMsA kI koI paribhASA nahIM dI hai, isalie isa saMbaMdha meM inakA vicAra spaSTa nahIM mAlUma hotA /

Page #279
260 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA aura Izvara : ___ jainadharma anIzvaravAdI hai arthAt yaha Izvara kI sattA ko nahIM mAnatA / ataH isakI ahiMsA yA anya kisI siddhAnta meM Izvara kA koI hAtha nahIM hai| jo kucha karatA hai AdamI svayaM karatA hai; bhale hI vaha apane karmoM ke phala bhogatA hai yAnI sukha-duHkha pAne meM vaha apane karma ke dvArA nirdezita hotA hai, kriyA karane meM vaha svataMtra rahatA hai| kintu gAMdhIvAda meM Izvara ko sthAna milA hai; Izvara ahiMsA-pAlana meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| gAMdhIjI ne kahA hai ".. ahiMsA kevala buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai; yaha zraddhA aura bhakti kA viSaya hai| yadi ApakA vizvAsa apanI AtmA para nahIM hai, Izvara aura prArthanA para nahIM hai, to ahiMsA Apake kAma AnevAlI cIja nahIM hai| ahiMsA aura dAna : ahiMsA aura dAna ke saMbaMdha para prakAza DAlane ke silasile meM jainadharma meM bahuta vicAra-vimarza milate haiN| isameM do cIjeM pradhAnataura se prakAza meM lAI gaI haiM : 1. dAna pAne kA adhikArI yA pAtra tathA 2. anukampAdAna ahiMsA hai athavA hiNsaa| isameM do mata milate haiN| terApaMthiyoM ne sirpha saMyatiyoM ko chor3akara kisI ko bhI dAna pAne ke yogya nahIM batAyA hai, kyoMki saMyatiyoM ke alAvA anya loga kupAtra haiM yA dAna lene ke adhikArI nahIM haiM aura kupAtra ko dAna dene se pApa hotA hai| anukampAdAna bhI ekAnta pApa kA sAdhana hai| ina matoM kI pUSTi jayAcArya ke dvArA 'bhramavidhvaMsanam" meM kI gaI hai| kintu AcArya javAhiralAlajI ne "saddharmamaNDana" meM jayAcArya ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki anukampAdAna ekAnta pApa kA sAdhana nahIM balki puNya kA sAdhana hai| gAMdhIvAda meM bhI dAna dene ke lie pAtra kA vicAra karanA anivArya batAyA gayA hai| isake anusAra dAna pAne kA adhikArI kevala vahI hai jo apaMga aura apAhija hai| apaMga aura apAhija 1. gAMdhI jI, ahiMsA, dvitIya bhAga, khaNDa 10, pR0 169.

Page #280
261 gAMdhIvAdI ahiMsA / " alAvA anya kisI ko dAna yA bhIkha denA samAja meM Alasya ko bar3hAnA hai, jo pApajanaka kahA jA sakatA hai| isakA matalaba hai ki gAMdhIvAda anakampAdAna ko pApajanaka na mAnakara puNyajanaka mAnatA hai| isameM aisI carcA nahIM milatI hai jisase jAhira ho ki muni yA yati logoM ko vyaktigata dAna milanA cAhie ki nahIM, phira bhI yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki gAMdhIvAda ne muni Adi ko dAna dene kA koI vidhAna nahIM banAyA hai, yadi ve apaMga aura apAhija na hoN| sArvajanika kAryoM ke lie dAna denA vihita hai| ahiMsA ke apavAda : __ ahiMsA kA vikAsa dekhate hae yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki jainadharma meM ahiMsA ke maulika siddhAnta meM koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai| ahiMsA dharmapAlana karanevAle ko cAhe jitanA bhI kaSTa kyoM na uThAnA par3e use saba kucha bardAzta karanA cAhie, jaisA ki mahAvIra ke jIvana meM dekhA jAtA hai| kintu bAda meM calakara kucha muniyoM ne ahiMsA ke siddhAnta meM apavAda bhI banA diyA hai jaise, nizIthacUNi meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI vyakti AcArya kI hatyA karatA ho, yA sAdhvI ke sAtha balAtkAra karanA cAhatA ho to usakI hatyA karake bhI AcArya aura sAdhvI kI rakSA karanI caahie| isake saMbaMdha meM koMkaNa dezIya sAdhu dvArA kI gaI tIna siMhoM kI hatyA ko udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhIvAda yahA~ para jainadharma se bahuta hada taka milatA hai| kAraNa, isameM bhI ahiMsA dharma ke bahuta se apavAda milate haiN| isane ahiMsA ko vIroM kA guNa batAte hue kahA hai ki jahA~ para kAyaratA aura hiMsA kI bAta ho vahA~ kisI ko bhI hiMsA ko hI apanAnA caahie| samAja yA deza yA svayaM apane para bhI binA kAraNa koI Apatti yA AkramaNa upasthita ho jAye to vaisI hAlata meM apanI rakSA ke lie hiMsaka karmoM ko bhI apanAnA galata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu duHkha-nivAraNa ke lie koI anya cArA na rahane para kisI pazu ko maravA denA sirpha gAMdhIvAda ke anusAra hI ThIka hai, isase jainadharma jarA bhI sahamata nahIM hotaa|

Page #281
262 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA kA Arthika vivecana : gAMdhIvAda ne ahiMsA kA Arthika vivecana kiyA hai yAnI hisA ke siddhAnta ko arthazAstra para lAgU kiyA hai| khAdI pahananA tathA svadezI vastuoM kA upayoga karanA Adi Arthika praznoM ke ahiMsAtmaka samAdhAna haiN| parantu aisI bAta jainadharma meM nahIM pAI jAtI hai| isameM ahiMsA ko do hI dRSTiyoMse dekhA gayA hai : dhArmika aura naitika / yadyapi vastrAdi kI maryAdA isameM milatI hai, bhojana kI bhI maryAdAeM kI gaI haiM, kintu inameM kisI bhI rUpa meM Arthika bhAvanA kAma nahIM karatI hai| ahiMsA kA sAmAjika vivecana : gAMdhIvAda ne ahiMsA ke sAmAjika pakSa para adhika bala diyA hai, isakI ahiMsA meM samAja-kalyANa kI bhAvanA bahuta hI prabala aura jAgrata hai| gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsA ke vibhinna prakAroM ko batAte hue kahA bhI hai ki loka-kalyANa ke lie jo bhI kAma kiye jAte haiM, ve sabhI ahiMsA haiN| ataH jAta-pAMta ke bhedabhAva ko dUra karane ke lie, khAsataura se una dalita vargoM ke uddhAra ke lie, jo yathAkathita achUta haiM, unhoMne bahuta bar3A Andolana calAyA aura bahuta dUrataka jAtigata yA sampradAyagata bheda-bhAvoM ko dUra karane meM ve saphala bhI rhe| kintu jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA vyaktigata AdhAra pradhAna hai| yadyapi apane kalyANa ke nimitta ahiMsA kA anugamana karane se anya prANiyoM kI bhI rakSA ho jAtI hai, dUsare jIvoM kA bhI kalyANa ho jAtA hai, para ahiMsA-pAlana kA uddezya AtmakalyANa hI hai, jana-kalyANa yA samAjakalyANa nhiiN| ahiMsA kA rAjanaitika vivecana : gAMdhIvAda ne deza kI rAjanaitika samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie yA deza ko svataMtratA dilAne ke lie satyAgraha aura asahayoga ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko apanAyA hai| yaha gAMdhIvAda kI eka apanI vizeSatA hai, eka nayA prayoga hai jo jainadharma meM nahIM miltaa| jainadharma ne sthAvara evaM

Page #282
gAMdhIvAdo ahiMsA 263 trasa sabhI prANiyoM kI hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA hai phira bhI deza-kalyANa kI bAta isake sAmane nahIM aatii| kAraNa, isake anusAra Atma-kalyANa hI saba kucha hai| isameM ahiMsA hI kyA kisI bhI rUpa meM rAjanIti kI samasyA nahIM AI hai| yaha eka vizuddha dhArmika yA dArzanika siddhAnta hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA ke kSetra meM gAMdhIvAda aura jainadharma ke bIca kucha sthaloM para samAnatAe~ milatI haiM, kintu asamAnatA bhI kama nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAnta donoM hI mAnate haiM, lekina donoM kI ahiMsA ke uddezya bhinna-bhinna haiM aura uddezya-prApti ke sAdhana meM bhI prAyaH bhinnatA hI adhika hai aura ekatA kama /

Page #283
SaSTha adhyAya vaidika, bauddha, sikkha, pArasI, yahUdI, IsAI, islAma, tAo, kanaphyUziyasa, sUphI, zinto evaM jaina paramparAoM tathA gAMdhIvAda ke dvArA pratipAdita hiMsA-ahiMsA saMbaMdhI siddhAntoM para dRSTipAta karane se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki ina saba ke bIca kucha samAnatAeM haiM aura kucha asamAnatAeM bhii| jinakI vajaha se ina sabakI anekatA meM bhI ekatA tathA ekatA meM anekatA najara AtI hai| vedika paramparA meM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta upaniSadoM se prArambha hotA hai yadyapi itastata: vedoM meM bhI isakI jhalaka-sI dekhI jAtI hai| yajurveda meM to sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrIbhAva tathA vizvazAnti ke vicAroM kI spaSTa abhivyakti milatI hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM ahiMsA ko brahmaloka prApta karane arthAt mukti pAne kA eka sAdhana tathA AtmayajJa kI dakSiNA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prANAgnihotropaniSad tathA AruNikopaniSad ne ise eka sadguNa tathA Atma-saMyama kA eka pramukha sAdhana kahA hai| prANAgnihotropaniSad ne to ise yajJa kA iSTa batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki sabhI yajJAdi karmoM kI sampannatA meM ahiMsAvata kI paripUrNatA hI lakSita hai| zANDilyopaniSad ke anusAra ahiMsA eka yama hai| __manusmRti meM hiMsA-ahiMsAsaMbaMdhI vicAroM ke tIna stara milate haiN| prathama stara bhakSya-abhakSya para prakAza DAlatA hai, jisameM kucha pazu-pakSiyoM ke mAMsa ko grahaNa karane tathA kucha ke mAMsa ko tyAgane ko salAha dI gaI hai ( jIvo jIvasya bhojanam ) / mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA hiMsA se sIdhA saMbaMdha hai, ataH isakA mAMsabhakSaNavAlA pakSa hiMsA ko bar3hAvA detA hai| dUsarA stara mAMsa-bhakSaNa ko yajJa ke sAtha maryAdita karatA hai| isake

Page #284
upasaMhAra 265 anusAra, yajJa meM prApta tathA maMtroM se pavitra kiyA huA mAMsa khAnA doSapUrNa nahIM hai / yadi koI vyakti mAMsa- lolupatA ke kAraNa yajJa meM prApta mAMsa ke alAvA bhI mAMsa khAnA cAhatA hai to vaha ghRta yA maide kA pazu banAkara khA sakatA hai / yaha mAnatA hai ki yajJa meM dI gaI pazubali hiMsA kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI tIsarA pakSa mAMsa bhakSaNa ko tyAjya tathA azreyaskara batAtA hai| isake alAvA smRti meM kahIM-kahIM ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA dete hue ise loka-kalyANa tathA mokSa prApti kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai aura yaha sabhI varNoM ke lie upayukta evaM anivArya samajhI gaI hai | gRhyasUtroM, jaise baudhAyana, sAMkhAyana, pAraskara, AsvalAyana, Apastamba, khAdira, hiraNyakesI, jaimini Adi meM "annaprAsana", "argha", "aSTaka" Adi ke varNana milate haiM jinameM mAMsa bhakSaNa kA pUrNa byorA milatA hai / dharmasUtroM meM pratipAdita bhakSya - abhakSya, zrAddha tathA yajJa ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM gAya Adi kI pazubali tathA mAMsa bhakSaNa anivArya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ taka ki usa brAhmaNa ko, jo AmaMtrita hone yA yajJa meM ( purohita ke rUpa meM ) niyukta hone ke bAda, yajJa meM dI gaI pazubali se prApta mAMsa ko nahIM khAtA hai, naraka kA bhAgI kahA gayA hai / kintu baudhAyana ne apane dharmasUtra meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko sabalatA pradAna karate hue kahA hai ki saMnyAsI ko cAhie ki vaha mana, vacana aura karma se kisI bhI prANI ko daNDa na de / vaziSTha ne saMnyAsI ke lie sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA karanA tathA gRha kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka batAyA hai / Apastamba ke anusAra jJAnI puruSa apane ko sabhI jIvoM meM tathA sabhI jIvoM ko apane meM dekhatA hai| arthAt vaha jIvoM ke sAtha Atmavat vyavahAra karatA hai, jisase vaha mukti prApta karatA hai / gautama ne sabhI jIvoM para dayA, sahiSNutA, akrodha Adi ko AtmA ATha guNoM meM rakhA hai / isa prakAra gRhyasUtroM meM tathA dharmasUtroM meM bhI yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA ko hiMsA na mAnate hue pazubali Adi para bala diyA gayA hai / lekina dharmasUtroM meM hI kahIM-kahIM para ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA bhI acchI taraha poSaNa huA hai / 1 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM ahiMsA, satya, Atma-saMyama, dayA, sahiSNutA, kSamA Adi ko AcAra ke pramukha aMga meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / kintu -

Page #285
266 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA isameM Atma-rakSA para dhyAna dete hue itanI chUTa avazya dI gaI hai ki apane para AghAta karanevAle para koI vyakti ghAta kara sakatA hai, arthAt Atma-rakSA ke lie hiMsA karanA doSajanaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie / 1 mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta pUrNa vikasita huA hai / yadyapi zAntiparva ke zurU meM hI arjuna ne yudhiSThira ko rAjadharmaM kA upadeza dete hue hiMsA ko atyAjya batAyA hai kintu arjuna kA vaktavya sirpha rAjA aura kSatriya ke kartavyoM se saMbaMdhita hai / ye apane dharma yA kartavya kA sahI-sahI pAlana karane ke lie hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM kara sakate / kAraNa, rAjA ko apane rAjya kI rakSA karanI par3atI hai tathA kisAna ko khetI ke lie hala jotanA Adi aise kArya karane par3ate haiM jinameM aneka prANiyoM kA nAza hotA hai / vyAsa ke zabdoM meM samatA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita hotA hai, jo ahiMsA kA hI rUpa hai / mana, vANI tathA kriyA se jo anya jovoM ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA use anya prANI bhI duHkha nahIM dete, phira hiMsA hogI kaise / ahiMsA kI mahAnatA ko darzAte hue zAntiparva meM isakI tulanA hAthI ke padacihnoM se kI gaI hai| kAraNa, yaha anya dharmoM ko apane meM ThIka usI prakAra samAvezita kara letI hai jaise hAthI ke padacihnoM ke bhItara anya pathagAmiyoM ke padacihna A jAte haiM | ahiMsA aura mAMsa bhakSaNa kI samasyA kA samAdhAna dete hue mahAbhArata meM vizvAmitra aura cANDAla kA udAharaNa dekara yaha nirNaya diyA gayA hai ki AdamI usa samaya mAMsa grahaNa kara sakatA hai jisa samaya vaha prANa saMkaTa meM par3A ho / prANa kI rakSA kisI bhI mUlya para kI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki jIvita rahane para hI koI dhArmika kArya kiyA jA sakatA hai | ahiMsA tathA vaidika yajJa kI samasyA ko sulajhAte hue isameM rAjA vicakSaNu tathA nArada ke zabdoM meM yajJa meM dI gaI pazubali kI bahuta hI bhartsanA kI gaI hai| isake alAvA, isa ulajhana kI mukhya gAMTha "aja" zabda ke artha ko bhI zAntiparva meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isake anusAra "aja" zabda kA artha "anna " hotA hai / ataH jo loga yajJa meM anna kI havi na dekara pazubali karate haiM, ve ghora aparAdha karate haiM / anuzAsanaparva meM ahiMsA ko anya dharmoM kA srota yA udgamasthAna batAyA gayA hai| kyoMki yaha parama dharma, parama tapa, parama satya,

Page #286
upasaMhAra 267 parama saMyama, parama dAna, parama phala, parama jJAna, parama mitra evaM parama sukha hai| yaha itanI mahAna hai ki isase prApta sUyaza sau varSoM meM bhI varNita nahIM ho sktaa| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne jJAna bhakti aura karma ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta karate hue ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko bahuta bar3I Antarika zakti pradAna ko hai, jisakI jAnakArI eka vizeSa vicAra-vimarza se hotI hai| inake anusAra jo jJAnI hai, paNDita hai, vaha bar3e-choTe sabhI jIvoM ko samAna dekhatA hai| vaha apane Apa meM anya jovoM ko aura anya jIvoM meM apane ko dekhatA hai| aisA karane se vaha sadA hiMsA karane se bacatA hai, kyoMki vaha rAgadveSa kA zikAra nahIM hotA hai| eka bhakta ke lie unhoMne upadeza diyA hai ki vaha apane kartApana ko dhyAna meM na lAye, jaisA ki arjuna ko samajhAte hue unhoMne kahA hai ki isa saMsAra ko janma denevAlA, pAlanevAlA tathA saMhAra karanevAlA maiM svayaM huuN| yuddhakSetra meM jitane bhI loga khar3e haiM, unheM maiM mAra cukA hU~, tumheM unheM mArane meM eka nimittamAtra bananA hai| pArma ke siddhAnta ko vyakta karate hue zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki Adamo kI prakRti ho aiso hai ki vaha eka kSaNa bhI kucha kiye binA nahIM raha sktaa| kintu kArya karane meM use apane mana meM phala kI kAmanA nahIM karanI caahie| "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana" arthAt kartA kA adhikAra karma para hotA hai, usake phala para nhiiN| jaba phala ke prati vyakti ko rAga yA moha nahIM hogA to nizcita hI vaha dveSa se dUra rahegA, aura rAga tathA dveSa ke abhAva meM vaha hiMsA karane se vaMcita hogaa| kintu eka saccA jJAnayogI yA bhakta yA karmayogI bananA koI AsAna bAta nhiiN| isake lie kaThina tapasyA evaM tyAga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| tapa ke vibhinna rUpa hote haiM, jinameM ahiMsA bhI eka hai| isake alAvA zrIkRSNa ne brahmayajJa, devayajJa, jJAnayajJa, dravyayajJa tathA tapayajJa para bala diyA hai, jinameM vaidika yajJoM kI taraha pazu-bali kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ___mahAbhArata kI taraha purANoM meM bhI ahiMsA pUrNa prakAzita huI hai vAyupurANa meM mana, vANI evaM karma se ahiMsA kA pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| anya granthoM se bhinna isameM usa bhikSa ko bhI hiMsA karane kA doSI ThaharAyA gayA hai, jisake dvArA anicchA se yA anajAne

Page #287
268 jaina dharma meM ahisA hiMsA ho jAtI hai / viSNupurANa meM yajJa meM havi ke rUpa meM prayoga honevAlI sabhI vastuoM ke nAma diye haiM, kintu usameM kisI bhI prakAra . kA mAMsa yA machalI kA vidhAna nahIM hai / isase yaha bAta spaSTa-sI ho jAtI hai ki viSNupurANa yajJa meM pazubali dene ke pakSa meM nahIM hai / isake anusAra yajJa meM pazubali dene kA matalaba hai viSNu kI bali denA, kyoMki viSNu sarvavyApaka haiM, ve sabhI jIvoM meM nivAsa karate haiM / isane hiMsA kA saMbaMdha vibhinna prakAra ke pApoM se batAyA hai; hiMsA se taraha-taraha ke pApa paidA hote haiM / agnipurANa meM bhI ahiMsA kI mahattA ko bar3hAte hue isakI tulanA hAthI ke padacihnoM se kI gaI hai / matsyapurANa ke anusAra ahiMsA munivratoM meM se eka hai / koI vyakti jitanA puNya cAra vedoM ko par3hakara tathA satya bolakara prApta karatA hai, usase kahIM jyAdA puNya vaha ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana karake prApta kara sakatA hai / brahmapurANa meM mana, vacana tathA kAya se pAlA gayA ahiMsAvrata svargaprApti tathA mukti kA eka sAdhana kahA gayA hai / nAradapurANa meM satya se ahiMsA kA sthAna UMcA batAte hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki vahI satya vacana hai jisase kisI kA virodha na ho, kisI ko kaSTa na phuNce| isake anusAra ahiMsA yama ke vibhinna rUpoM meM se eka hai / jaisA ki bRhadudharmapurANa batAtA hai, zraddhA, atithisevA, saba prANiyoM se AtmIyatA, Atmazuddhi Adi ahiMsA kI vibhinna vidhiyA~ haiM / kummaMpurANa ne ahiMsA ko jJAnI aura brAhmaNoM taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA hai, apitu ina sabhI varNoM evaM sabhI AzramoM ke lie Avazyaka kahA hai / bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra ahiMsA dharma ke tIsa lakSaNoM meM pramukha sthAna rakhatI hai / brAhmaNa-darzana meM bhI hiMsA-ahiMsAsaMbaMdhI bRhad vivecana milatA hai / yoga ne ahiMsA ko yama kA eka aMga mAnA hai / ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya, asteya tathA aparigraha mahAvrata haiM jo jAti, deza, kAla tathA paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita nahIM hote / isake anusAra hiMsA kI jAtI hai, karAyI jAtI hai tathA anumodita hotI hai / sAMkhya aura mImAMsA ne 'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' ke saMbaMdha meM kAphI tarka-vitarka kiyA hai / sAMkhya ne vaidika yajJa meM honevAlI pazubali ko doSapUrNa batAyA hai, lekina mImAMsA kA vicAra isake viparIta hai yAnI mImAMsA

Page #288
upasaMhAra / 269 "vaidikI hiMsA" kA pakSapAtI hai| zaMkarAcArya ( advaitavedAntI ) tathA rAmAnuja, vallabha ( vaiSNava ) Adi ne bhI yajJa meM honevAlI pazubali ko nirdoSa hI mAnA hai| bauddha paramparA meM ahiMsA ke bajAya maitrI bhAvanA ko adhika pradhAnatA milI hai| ahiMsA ko mitratA kA eka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| dIghanikAya meM Arambhika, madhyama tathA mahA tIna prakAra ke zIloM kI carcA karate hue ahiMsA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isane ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya Adi ko zIloM ke antargata sthAna diyA hai| tevijjasutta meM maitrI, karuNA, muditA evaM upekSA bhAvanAoM kA, brahmA kI salokatA prApta karane ke mArga ke rUpa meM, varNana milatA hai| saMyuttanikAya ke antargata 'brAhmaNa saMyutta' ke ahiMsAsutta meM buddha ne 'ahiMsaka' zabda ko pAribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki jo zarIra vacana tathA mana se kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM satAtA, kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA, vahI ahiMsaka hai| gAya mAranevAle ( goghAtakasutta ), ciDimAra ( piNDasAhuNIsutta ), bher3oM ko mAranevAle kasAI ( nicchavorabhisutta )Adi jitane bhI hiMsaka haiM, unheM kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| yajJa bhI vahI hitakara hotA hai jisameM bakare, gAya Adi kI hiMsA nahIM hotI hai| pramAda, jisase vibhinna prakAra ke aniSTa hote haiM, sadA tyAjya hai tathA apramAda grAhya hai / bhikSu ko sadA apramatta hokara hI vihAra karanA caahie| apramAda sabase bar3A dharma hai, isake andara anya sabhI dharma A jAte haiM, jaise hAthI ke padacihnoM ke bhItara anya jIvoM ke padacihna A jAte haiN| isase prApta huI mitratA meM saba prakAra kI zaktiyA~ hotI haiM, arthAt sabase mitratA karanevAlA nirbhaya ho jAtA hai| ata: jisameM mitratA yA kalyANa mitratA kA zubhAgama ho jAtA hai, usameM mAnoM mokSa-prApti ke lakSaNa dIkhane lagate haiN| suttanipAta ke 'mettasutta' meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati mitratA ke bhAva ko brahmavihAra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, jise dUsare zabdoM meM brahmajJAna kahA jA sakatA hai / isake anusAra jo vyakti zAntipada ( mokSa) ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai use jaMgama yA sthAvara, dIrgha yA mahAn, madhyama yA hrasva, aNu yA sthUla, dRSTa yA adRSTa, dUrastha yA nikaTastha, utpanna yA utpatsyamAna sabhI jIvoM ke kalyANa ko bAta socanI caahie| anya prANiyoM ke prati usake mana meM vaisI hI bhAvanA

Page #289
270 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA honI cAhie, jaisI eka mA~ ke dila meM apane ekalaute putra ke prati hotI hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki jo jIva anya jIvoM ko mArakara svayaM sukha prApta karanA cAhatA hai, vaha kabhI bhI sukha nahIM pAtA aura isake viparIta jo vyakti ahiMsApUrNa saMyamita jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, vaha kabhI duHkha nahIM prApta karatA hai tathA acyutapada kI prApti karatA hai / vinayapiTaka meM bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAra para prakAza DAlate hue unheM jIvahiMsA se apane ko bacAne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / jo bhikSu manuSya athavA anya jIvoM ko jAna se mAratA hai yA dUsaroM se maravAtA hai yA mAranevAle kI bar3AI karatA hai arthAt hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha pArAjika samajhA jAtA hai / vaha sAdhu-samAja meM rahane ke lAyaka nahIM hotA / yadi bhikSu jamIna khodatA hai yA khudavAtA hai, vRkSa kATatA hai athavA kaTavAtA hai to ina sabhI hiMsApUrNa kAryoM ke lie use prAyazcitta karanA caahie| kyoMki ye sabhI kArya doSapUrNa haiM / use ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie tAr3apatra Adi kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhiye / camar3e kA prayoga bhI sAdhu ke lie varjita hai / parantu ina sabhI niSedhoM ke kucha apavAda bhI batAye gaye haiM, jaise bhikSu bImAro ko avasthA meM davAsvarUpa mAMsa, carbI tathA khUna kA upayoga kara sakatA hai / vaha mAMsa yA machalI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, yadi gRhastha apane nimitta taiyAra kiye hue mAMsa athavA machalI meM se use bhikSAsvarUpa detA hai / kintu vaisA mAMsa yA vaisI machalI use kabhI bho nahIM khAnI cAhie, jo usI ke nimitta mAro gaI ho / vizudvinArga meM cetanAzIla tathA caitasikazIla kA saMbaMdha ahiMsA ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai / isake alAvA isameM cAra bhAvanAoM - maitrI, karuNA, mudritA evaM upekSA ko vivecita karate hue, kSamA kA mahattva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / kSamA para hI maitrIbhAvanA AdhArita hai | ataH maitro bhAvanA ko dRr3ha karane ke lie kSamAbhAva ko apanAnA cAhie / bodhicaryAvatAra meM parahita bhAvanA tathA maitrIbhAvanA ko zreSTha dikhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki dveSa ke samAna koI pApa nahIM hai aura kSamA ke samAna koI tapa nahIM hai / sikkha - paramparA meM hiMsA kA virodha karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki kisI prANI kI hatyA karanA yoga ( yajJa ) nahIM kahalA sakatA /

Page #290
upasaMhAra sAtha hI ahiMsA ke samarthana meM sabakI bhalAI tathA Apasa ke prema ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai / yahA~ taka ki prema kie binA Izvara kI prApti nahIM kara sakatA, aisA bhI kahA gayA hai| pArasI-paramparA premabhAva ko vyApakatA para bala dete hue yaha kahatI hai ki zatru ko bhI pyAra karake apanA mitra banA lenA cAhie / kintu isakA yaha siddhAnta svayaM bAdhita ho jAtA hai aura saMkucita bhI jAna par3atA hai jaba yaha kahatI hai ki ve paza-pakSI jo mujhe kisI prakAra kA ahita nahIM pahu~cAte athavA hamArA hita karate haiM unheM mAranA yA kisI prakAra kA kaSTa pahu~cAnA doSapUrNa karma hai lekina ve paza-pakSI jo hamArA ahita karate haiM unheM mAranA yA kaSTa paha~cAnA doSa-rahita karma hai| yahA~ para ahiMsA kA siddhAnta svArthaparatA se prabhAvita dikhAI par3atA hai| yahUdI-paramparA meM ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko prakAzita karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki corI mata karo, vyabhicAra mata karo tathA apane par3osI kI strI athavA anya kisI vastu para burI najara na rakho aura vidheyAtmaka pakSa kI puSTi meM bandhutva ke bhAva ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| isameM ahiMsA kA sAmAjika rUpa prakaTa hotA hai / IsAI-paramparA pratikAra ke bhAva kA virodha karatI hai| zatru se bhI pyAra karo, usake prati koI galata vyavahAra na karo, mana meM varabhAva na laao| yadi koI tumase eka vastu mA~gatA hai to apanI dUsarI vastu bhI use de do| par3osI se prema karo tathA zatru se bhii| kAraNa, jahA~ para vinamratA hai, bandhutva hai vahIM para Izvara hai| itanA hI nahIM isameM dAna kI bhI bar3I UMcI mahattA dikhAI gaI hai| islAma meM gAlI, krodha, lobha, cugalIkhAnA, rizvata lenA, beImAnI karanA Adi ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyA gayA tathA bhAIcArA, dAna, dayA, kSamA, maitrI, vinamratA, udAratA Adi ko grahaNa karane ko kahA gayA hai| ina upadezoM se jJAta hotA hai ki islAma bhI hiMsAbhAva kA virodhI aura ahiMsAbhAva kA samarthaka hai| kintu jahA~ para mauhudI ne yaha kahA ki khudA ne AdamI ko sabase UMcA jIva mAnakara

Page #291
272 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA anya sabhI jIvoM para usako yaha adhikAra diyA hai ki vaha unheM apane kAma meM lAe arthAt apane bhojanArthaM vaha anya jIvoM kI hatyA bhI kara sakatA hai, yaha bAta manuSya kI svArthaparatA kI dyotaka hai aura ahiMsA - siddhAnta ke pratikUla hai / tAo dharma ke praNetA lAotse ne sabase jyAdA isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki vyakti karma kare kintu usake karttApana evaM phala para vicAra na kare / yaha siddhAnta gItA ke 'karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana' kI puSTi karatA hai / isase ahiMsA ko bhI bahuta bar3A samarthana milatA hai / isase bhI Age bar3hakara inakA yaha kathana hai ki hiMsA se jo ghAva paidA ho jAye usa para pyAra kA marahama aura dayA kI paTTI lagAo / arthAt hiMsA kA pratikAra mata karo, use ahiMsA se zAnta karo / kanaphyUziyasa ne apane ziSyoM ko zikSA dete hue kahA ki pyAra kI bAr3ha lA do, sarvatra pyAra kA saMcAra karo / jo acchA vyakti hotA hai vaha sabakA bhalA karatA hai| pIr3itoM kI sahAyatA kro| dAna do para kevala paise kA hI nahIM balki hArdika sahAnubhUti kA bhI / ina bAtoM se ahiMsA ke sAmAjika rUpa ko prazraya milatA hai / I sUphI sampradAya meM sAMsArika sabhI vastuoM ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai jisase hiMsA ahiMsA - siddhAnta alaga evaM achUtA raha jAtA hai, phira bhI isameM premabhAva ko sarvocca pratiSThA milI hai / isa sampradAya meM prema ko hI Izvara mAnA gayA hai| aisA mAnakara isane nizcita hI ahiMsA ko bahuta mahattva diyA hai / zinto dharma meM pUjA-pATha saMbaMdhI jisa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana huA hai usameM mAMsa kA prayoga bhI milatA hai aura yaha hiMsA kA rUpa hai / kintu bAda meM pAe jAnevAle upadezoM meM vizva ko eka parivAra mAnA gayA hai, sAtha hI krodha ko tyAga dene ke lie bhI kahA gayA hai| isase itanA to samajhanA hI cAhie ki isa dharma kA AdhyAmika pakSa ahiMsA kA bhale hI samarthana na karatA ho, para sAmAjika pakSa ahiMsA kA samarthaka evaM udAra hai / jainadharma meM hiMsA tathA ahiMsA kA bar3A hI vistRta evaM sUkSma vivecana huA hai / isake anusAra pramAdavaza kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta karanA

Page #292
upasaMhAra 273 athavA use kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa pahuMcAnA hiMsA kahI jAtI hai / hiMsA mana, vANI tathA zarIra se kI jAtI hai; inheM yoga kahA gayA hai / yaha kI jAtI hai, kAravAI jAtI hai tathA anumodita hotI hai / karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karanA, isake tIna karaNa haiN| tIna yoga ke AdhAra para isake do svarUpa dekhe jAte haiM-bhAva tathA dravya, jinake AdhAra para hiMsA ke cAra bhaMga banate haiM - bhAvahiMsA dravyahiMsA, bhAvahiMsA dravyahiMsA nahIM, bhAvahiMsA nahIM - dravyahiMsA, na bhAvahiMsA na dravyahiMsA / pravacanasAra ke vyAkhyAkAra ne bhAva tathA dravya rUpoM ko hI antaraMga tathA bahiraMga nAma diyA hai| prANa kA ghAta karanevAlI pravRtti antaraMga hiMsA hai aura bAhya zarIra kA ghAta karanevAlI bAhya hiMsA / hiMsA kI utpatti krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha cAra kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hotI hai / ina saboM kI vajaha se hiMsA ke tIna bheda dekhe jAte hai - saMraMbha, samAraMbha tathA aarNbh| inheM dUsare zabdoM meM hiMsA kA vicAra, hiMsA ke upakrama aura hiMsA ke kriyAnvitarUpa kaha sakate haiM / cAra kaSAya tathA tIna - saMraMbha samAraMbha aura AraMbha ke saMyoga se hiMsA ke bAraha bheda ho jAte haiM / phira tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa ke yoga se hiMsA ke 108 bheda ho jAte haiM / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hiMsA ke prANavadha, unmUlanA, avizrambha, akRtya, ghAtanA, mAraNa, hanana Adi tIsa nAma tathA pApa, caNDa, raudra, kSudra Adi 22 rUpa batAye gaye haiM / jaina matAnusAra jIva chaH prakAra ke hote haiM jinheM SaTakAya kahate haiM- pRthvIkAya, apkAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya vanaspatikAya tathA sakAya / vanaspatikAya tathA trasakAya jIvadhArI hote haiM, isa bAta ko sAmAnyataura se sabhI mata vAle mAnate haiM, lekina pRthvI, apa, agni tathA vAyu bhI svataH prANavAna haiM aisA sirpha jainadharma hI mAnatA hai / yaha isakI apanI vizeSatA hai / ina SaTakAyoM kI hiMsA vibhinna kAraNoM se hotI hai jaise- pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA pRthvI jotane, tAlAba - bAvar3I khudavAne, mahala banavAne Adi se hotI hai / apkAya kI hiMsA snAna karane, pAnI pIne, kapar3e dhone Adi se hotI hai / bhojana pakAnA, lakar3I jalAnA Adi se agnikAya kI hiMsA hotI hai / sUpa se annAdi sApha karanA, tAla ke paMkhe yA morapaMkha se havA karanA Adi vAyukAya kI

Page #293
274 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA hiMsA ke kAraNa haiM / ghara banAnA, bAr3a banAnA, vividha prakAra ke bhavana banAnA, naukA, caMgerI, hala, zakaTa Adi banAnA vanaspatikAya kI hiMsA ke kAraNa haiN| isI prakAra dharma, artha, kAma ke kAraNa vibhinna trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| __ jIva ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka hote haiN| terApaMthI logoM ne mAnA hai ki hiMsA cAhe kisI bhI prANI kI ho, saba barAbara hai| kintu hiMsA-ahiMsA kI dRSTi se jIvoM meM antara dekhA jAtA hai, jaisA ki neminAtha ke jIvana-caritra meM pAyA jAtA hai| ve apanI zAdI ke samaya snAna karate hae aneka apakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM kucha nahIM kahate haiM lekina zAdI ke avasara para kaTane ke lie baMdhe hue bher3a-bakaroM kI cillAhaTa ko sunakara dravita ho jAte haiM tathA una sabhI jAnavaroM ko bandhana se mukta karake svayaM tapasyA karane cale jAte haiN| isake alAvA ekendriya jIva kI hiMsA meM kaSAya kI mAtrA bilkula hI nyUna hotI hai kintu trasakAya athavA paMcendriya jIva kI hiMsA meM kaSAya kI mAtrA bahata hI adhika hotI hai| paMcendriya jIva apane ko kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa se bacAne kA prayAsa karate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa hiMsaka ko kisI prANI kI hisA karane ke lie apane andara adhika krUratA tathA krodha kA prabala Avega lAnA par3atA hai| ataH kaSAya kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai| jisa hiMsA meM kaSAya kI mAtrA jitanI hI adhika hotI hai, vaha utanI hI bar3I hiMsA hotI hai aura jisameM kaSAya kI mAtrA jitanI hI kama hotI hai, vaha utanI hI choTI hiMsA hotI hai kyoMki kaSAya hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hiMsA ke bhI stara hote haiN| hiMsA karanevAle kucha vizeSa loga tathA kucha vizeSa jAtiyAM bhI hotI haiN| jaisAki praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM kahA hai-sUara kA zikAra karanevAlA, machalI mAranevAlA, pakSiyoM ko mAranevAlA, mRgAdi kA zikAra karanevAlA Adi kucha aise loga hote haiM jinake lie hiMsA karanA eka vyApAra-sA hotA hai| isI taraha zaka, yavana, sabara, babbara, muruNDa, pakkaNika, puliMda, DoMba Adi jAtiyoM ko bhI praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ne hiMsaka jAtiyA~ ghoSita kiyA hai|

Page #294
upasaMhAra 275 hiMsA aSTa karmo kI gAMTha, moharUpa, mRtyu kA kAraNa tathA naraka meM le jAnevAlI hai, jaisA ki AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai| hiMsA karanevAlA yadi tapasyA ke kAraNa devatA banatA hai, tobhI vaha nIca evaM asura saMjJaka devatA hI hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM balki jo hiMsaka, mRSAvAdI, luTerA, mahAraMbhI tathA mAMsabhakSaka he vaha narakAyu kA intajAra vaise hI karatA hai jaise bakarA pAlanevAlA mehamAna kA intajAra karatA hai| arthAt hiMsaka ke lie naraka-prApti kI saMbhAvanA utanI hI rahatI hai, jitanI mehamAna ke A jAne para ghara para rahe hue bakare ke kaTane kii| ___ asatya, steya, abrahmacarya tathA aparigraha hiMsA ke poSakatattva haiM yAnI ina sabase hiMsA kI puSTi hotI hai| asatya ke tIna bheda hote haiM - garhita jisameM duSTatApUrNa vacana, cugalI, kaThora vacana, pralApa Adi kI gaNanA hotI hai; sAvadya arthAt chedane, bhedane, mArane, zoSaNa karane Adi ke nimitta prayukta zabda aura apriya arthAt aprIti, bhaya, zoka, kalaha Adi paidA karanevAle zabda / isa tIna prakAra ke asatya se vibhinna rUpoM meM prANI ko kaSTa pahuMcatA hai yA hiMsA hotI hai| corI bhI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai, kyoMki priya vastu kA haraNa bhI kaSTadAyaka hotA hai| abrahmacarya arthAta maithuna se strI kI yoni, nAbhi, kuca, kAMkha Adi sthAnoM meM rahanevAle sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| parigraha ke kAraNa vyakti dUsare ke ucita adhikAra ko har3apanA cAhatA hai, jisase rAga aura dveSa kI paidAiza hotI hai, jo hiMsA ke mUla haiN| hiMsA kI taraha ahiMsA ke sAtha bhI tIna yoga tathA tIna karaNa hote haiN| ahiMsA mana, vANI aura kAya se kI jAtI hai arthAt isake do svarUpa haiM-bhAva ahiMsA tathA dravya ahiMsA, jinake AdhAra para isake cAra bhaMga hote haiM, jaise hiMsA ke hote haiN| ahisA svayaM kI jAtI hai, dUsare se karavAI jAtI hai tathA anumodita bhI hotI hai| isI kAraNa se ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue AvazyakasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki tIna yoga tathA tIna karaNa se kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta na karanA hI ahiMsA hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM ahiMsA ke nirvANa, nirvRti, samAdhi yA samatA, zAnti, korti, kAnti, rati, virati, zrutAMgA, tRpti, prANirakSA Adi sATha nAma batAye gaye haiN|

Page #295
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ahiMsA ke do prakAra hote haiM-niSedhAtmaka tathA vidheyAtmaka | kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa na pahuMcAnA niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hotI hai / yaha hisAtmaka kriyA kA virodha yA niSedha karatI hai / logoM kI sAmAnya jAnakArI meM hiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka prakAra hI hotA hai / kintu ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka rUpa yA prakAra bhI hote haiM, jaise dayA karanA, sahAyatA denA, dAna denA Adi / dayA ke cAra bhaMga hote haiM dravyadayA arthAt apanI hI AtmA kI taraha dUsaroM kI AtmA ko samajhate hue kisI prANI ko kaSTa na pahuMcAnA; bhAvadayA - AtmaguNoM kA vikAsa karanA; svadayA - sAMsArika moha-mamatA se apane ko dUra rakhane kA prayAsa tathA para- dayA- dUsare ke lie sukha-suvidhA lAne evaM duHkha dUra karane ke nimitta prayAsa karanA / 276 1 anugraha ke lie apanI vastu kA tyAga dAna kahA jAtA hai / isake cAra aMga hote haiM - vidhivizeSa, dravyavizeSa, dAtA kI vizeSatA tathA pAtra kI vizeSatA / saMgrahadAna, bhayadAna, kAruNyadAna Adi isake dasa prakAra hote haiM / isase puNya kI prApti hotI hai / kintu isa sambandha meM jaina vidvAnoM ke bIca mataikya nahIM hai / vizeSataura se anukampAdAna ke viSaya meM terApaMthiyoM kA mata hai ki inase ekAnta pApa hotA hai / inake anusAra sirpha saMyati loga hI dAna prApta karane ke lie supAtra hote haiM / ina logoM ke alAvA jo bhI haiM ve dAna pAne ke adhikArI nahIM hote / kAraNa, ve kupAtra hote haiM / kupAtra ko dAna dene se ekAnta pApa hotA hai / isa mata kI puSTi jayAcArya ke dvArA ' bhramavidhvaMsana' meM huI hai / kintu inake mata ke eka-eka sUtra kA khaNDana AcArya javAhiralAla jI ne 'saddharmamaNDana' meM kiyA hai aura yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki anukampAdAna pApajanaka nahIM balki puNyajanaka hai / ahiMsA se yadyapi janakalyANa hotA hai, dUsaroM kI rakSA hotI hai, isakA mukhya uddezya AtmakalyANa hai / ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana meM AtmasaMyama hI sAdhya kA kAma karatA hai / yadi isase loka-kalyANa hotA hai to mAtra isa silasile meM ki Atma-kalyANa ke lie prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai /

Page #296
upasahAra 277 jisa prakAra asatya, steya Adi hiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiM, usI prakAra satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha ahiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiN| inameM se kisI eka ko bhI tyAga dene se ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| jaina darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAda kA ahiMsA se bahata ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| jisa prakAra AcAra meM ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra vicAra meM anekAntavAda kA pratipAdana hai| anekAntavAda eka prakAra se vicArAtmaka ahiMsA hai| mahAvIra ke samaya meM AtmanityavAda, ucchedavAda Adi bahuta-sI dArzanika vicAradhArAeM pravAhita ho rahI thIM jinake phalasrUpa samAja yA dArzanika kSetra meM matabheda apanA bRhadrUpa dhAraNa kara rahA thaa| isalie mahAvIra ne sabhI kA eka samanvayAtmaka rUpa prastuta kiyA, jo vAstava meM kisI bhI vastu kA sahI-sahI DhaMga se vivecana karatA hai| kisI kA bhI jJAna eka sImA taka hI hotA hai aura usI sImA taka vaha sahI hotA hai| kintu apanI sImA kA ullaMghana karake yadi vaha pUrNajJAna kI jAnakArI kA dAvA karate hue dUsare vyaktiyoM ko galata sAbita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai to, vahA~ vaha apane Agraha ke kAraNa dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai, jisase hiMsA hotI hai| ataH kisI bhI vyakti ke lie apane jJAna kI yathArthatA ko eka vizeSa apekSA meM vyakta karanA sahI aura zreyaskara hotA hai| isake lie mahAvIra ne 'syAt' zabda kI khoja kii| isake saMyoga se vyakti apane jJAna ko eka sImA taka sahI dikhAtA hai tathA anya jJAna para kisI prakAra kA AkSepa nahIM krtaa| ise hI 'syAdvAda' kahate haiM / isa siddhAnta kA anveSaNa isalie bhI kiyA gayA ki mahAvIra ke anusAra koI bhI vastu anekadharmAtmaka hotI hai| yadi eka dRSTi se vaha sat hai to dUsarI se asata; yadi vaha apane maulika rUpa meM nitya hai to parivartanIya paryAyoM ke kAraNa anitya bhI hai| ataeva jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta tAttvika siddhAntoM se bhI kAphI nikaTatA kA saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAnta apane maulika rUpa meM sabhI apavAdoM se pare thA; isake sAtha koI bhI apavAda nahIM thaa| ahiMsA pAlana karanevAle ke lie mAtra yahI niyama thA ki vaha kisI bhI jIva ko kisI prakAra

Page #297
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 278 kaSTa na pahu~cAe, bhale hI svayaM use kitanA bhI kaSTa kyoM na jhelanA par3e / isakA jvalanta udAharaNa mahAvIra ke jIvana meM pAyA jAtA hai / kintu bAda meM calakara isa niyama ke kucha apavAda bhI bana gaye / ahiMsA tathA satya eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM arthAt eka ko chor3akara dUsare ko nibhAnA asaMbhava sA ho jAtA hai / kintu kabhI-kabhI ahiMsA kI pUrti ke lie satya ko tyAga diyA jAtA hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai ki satya yadi kaSTadAyaka ho to use tyAga denA cAhie, anyathA hiMsA ho jAtI hai / jainadharma meM zrAvaka tathA zramaNa ke lie hiMsA - ahiMsA kA vicAra alaga-alaga kiyA gayA hai | zrAvaka ke lie bAraha vrata tathA gyAraha pratimAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| bAraha vratoM meM pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata tathA cAra zikSAvrata hote haiM / ina saboM ke dvArA zrAvaka ke caritra ko ahiMsAmaya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI gRhasthoM athavA zrAvaka ko kucha chUTa milI hai / zrAvaka ke lie hiMsA, mRSAvAda, steya, brahmacarya tathA parigraha ke sthUla rUpa se bacanA vihita hai / ataH inake vrata aNuvrata kahe jAte haiM / kyoMki zramaNoM kI taraha ye ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana nahIM karate / guNavrata, zikSAvrata tathA pratimAoM ke dvArA bhI zrAvakoM ke lie hiMsA ahiMsAsaMbaMdhI vahuta-sI maryAdAeM kAyama kI gaI haiM / zramaNoM ke lie paMca mahAvrata, rAtri bhojanaviramaNa vrata, samiti, gupti, SaDAvazyaka, liMgakalpa, vastramaryAdA, pAtramaryAdA, AhAramaryAdA tathA vihAramaryAdA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / zramaNoM ke lie kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA kI chUTa nahIM dI gaI hai / inake lie jitane bhI niyamoM ke vidhAna kie gae haiM, ve sirpha isIlie haiM ki inake dvArA kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho / gAMdhIvAda ne ahiMsA kA artha kiyA hai pUrNa nirdoSatA / prANi-mAtra ke prati durbhAva yA durAva kA pUrNa tyAga / yaha eka mahAvrata hai / isase satye - zvara kI prApti hotI hai / yAnI satya ko prApta karane kA eka sAdhana hai | gAMdhIjI kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA se bar3hakara koI kartavya nahIM ho sakatA / isake do svarUpa hote haiM-bhAva tathA dravya / kAraNa yaha mana, vANI tathA kAya taka vistRta hai / aham para AdhArita jitanI bhI kriyAeM hotI

Page #298
upasaMhAra - 276 haiM, ve sabhI hiMsA hotI haiM tathA svArthatyAga, asaMyamita bhogapravRtti kA tyAga aura janakalyANa ke nimitta kie gae sabhI kArya ahiMsA ke rUpa hote haiN| yaha sirpha manuSya jAti ke lie hI nahIM balki prANimAtra ke lie anugamya hai| yaha bhAvapradhAna hotI hai, isalie adhika prANiyoM ke hita ke lie kama prANiyoM kI hiMsA athavA usI prANI ko bar3e duHkha se mukta karane ke lie kisI prANI ko kucha kaSTa pahuMcAnA hiMsA nahIM samajhI jAnI caahie| isI vicAra se gAMdhIjI ne sATha kuttoM (jinameM se eka pAgala thA aura anya sabhI ko usane kATa khAyA thA ) ko maravA denevAle vyakti ko bhI nirdoSa kahA hai| ahiMsA mAnasika sthiti hotI hai aura yaha kSatriya kA guNa hai arthAt kAyara ise nahIM apanA sakatA; ise aMdhaprema bhI nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / yaha rUr3hivAda tathA upayogitAvAda se bhinna hai| dayA aura dAna ahiMsA kA hI rUpa hai| kintu dAna usI vyakti ko denA ucita hotA hai jo apaMga aura apAhija ho varanA samAja meM Alasya aura niSkriyatA kA rAjya ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA hI satya vastu hai| isakA saMbaMdha brahmacarya tathA aparigrahAdi se bhI aTUTa hai| yajJa meM bhI isakA sthAna hai| yadyapi vaidika niyamAnusAra yajJa meM honevAlI hiMsA ko karmakANDI logoM ne hiMsA nahIM mAnA hai| kintu gAMdhIjI ke anusAra yaha pUrNa satya nahIM hai| bhale hI vaha yajJa meM ho athavA kahIM aura / yajJa meM kI gaI hiMsA anivArya hiMsA kaha dI gaI hai lekina anivArya hiMsA kI to koI nizcita paribhASA nahIM hotii| khetI meM kI jAnevAlI hiMsA bhI anivArya hiMsA ke antargata hI AtI hai| __ ahiMsA kA Arthika rUpa khAdI tathA svadezI mAla ke prayoga meM dikhAyA gayA hai / achUtoddhAra tathA jAta-pAta-unmUlana isakA sAmAjika rUpa hai| ahiMsA kA rAjanItika rUpa satyAgraha tathA asahayoga AMdolana ke rUpa meM vyakta huA hai| vaidika, bauddha, sikkha Adi jenetara evaM jaina paramparAeM tathA gAMdhIvAda isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI bhI

Page #299
20. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai aura prANi-mAtra ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa na denA ahiMsA hai| hiMsA mana, vANI tathA kAya ( jinheM jainamatAnusAra yoga kI saMjJA dI gaI hai ) se hotI hai / ataH isake AdhAra para hiMsA ke do rUpa hote haiM-bhAva tathA dravya / isake tIna karaNa bhI hote haiM arthAt yaha svayaM kI jAtI hai, dUsaroM se karavAI jAtI hai tathA anumodita hotI hai / isake saMbaMdha meM vaidika, bauddha tathA jaina paraMparAoM ke vicAra milate-julate se haiM, tathApi 'karaNa' nAma inheM sirpha jaina-paraMparA meM hI diyA gayA hai| jainadharma meM saMraMbha, samAraMbha tathA AraMbha ke aura tIna yoga, tIna karaNa ke saMyoga se hiMsA ke kula 108 bheda mAne gaye haiM; vaidika paraMparA ke yoga-darzana ( brAhmaNadarzana ) ke vyAkhyAkAra ne hiMsA ke 81 bheda batAye haiM; lekina bauddha-paraMparA evaM gAMdhIvAda Adi meM aisI bAta nahIM pAI jAtI hai| jainadharma meM jIva ke chaH prakAra batAye haiM jinakI hiMsA vibhinna prakAreNa hotI hai| kintu anya paraMparAoM meM jIva ke astitva para itanI sUkSmatA se vicAra vyakta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / na ina sabhI kI hiMsA ke alaga-alaga mArga hI dikhAye gaye haiN| vanaspatikAya kI hisA para bauddha-paraMparA evaM gAMdhIvAda ne vicAra prakaTa kiyA hai, lekina pRthvIkAya, apkAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya kI hiMsA kA prazna ina saboM ke sAmane nahIM AtA, kyoMki ina saboM kI vicAra-zRMkhalA meM yaha bAta AI hI nahIM hai ki ye kAya svata prANavAna hote haiM azvA nhiiN| yadi kahIM para agni Adi se hiMsA hone kI bAta AtI bhI hai to isalie ki agni se choTe jIvoM kI jo dIkhate taka nahIM, hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, isalie nahIM ki vaha svayaM prANavAna hai| jaina mata meM agni ko jalAne se anya sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura agni ko bujhAne se agnikAya kI hiMsA hotI hai| aisI hAlata meM hiMsA se bacane ke lie eka vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha na agni jalAe aura na bujhAe hii| hiMsA ke poSaka tattva haiM-asatya, steya, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha / aise hI ahiMsA ke bhI poSaka tattva haiM-satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura

Page #300
upasaMhAra 281 aparigraha | isa vicAra se prAyaH vaidika, bauddha Adi sabhI paraMparAeM sahamata haiM para jainadharma ne isa para kAphI jora diyA hai / mAMsa bhakSaNa hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai athavA kAraNa hai / vaidika paraMparA ke prArambha meM mAMsa bhakSaNa kA koI niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, balki yajJa ke dvArA prApta mAMsa ko grahaNa karanA puNyajanaka batAyA gayA hai / kintu bAda meM mAMsa bhakSaNa para kucha niyaMtraNa lAye gae haiN| manusmRti meM mAMsa bhakSaNa aura mAMsa bhakSaNa- niSedha donoM hI taraha kI bAteM milatI haiN| isameM eka jagaha para mAMsa lolupatA ke vazIbhUta vyakti ke lie cInI Adi ke bakare yA anya pazu-pakSI banAkara aura unheM mArakara khAne kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / aisA karane se, kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti se bhAvahiMsA bhale hI ho kintu dravyahiMsA na hogii| Age calakara mahAbhArata Adi meM vizeSa Apatti kI avasthA meM, jaise prANarakSA ke nimitta mAMsa khAne kI chUTa milI hai / bauddha paraMparA meM bhI buddha bhikSuoM ko davA ke rUpa meM khUna, carbI tathA mAMsa ke prayoga kI anumati dI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhikSu usa mAMsa yA machalI ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai jo gRhasthoM ke dvArA dI gaI ho, aura gRhastha ne bhI usa mAMsa, machalI ko bhikSu ke nimitta nahIM balki apane lie hI taiyAra kiyA ho / parantu jaina paraMparA meM kisI bhI sthiti meM mAMsa bhakSaNa kA vidhAna nahIM hai / isa prakAra hiMsA-ahiMsA ke sabhI pahaluoM ko dekhate hue aisA kahA sakatA hai ki jainadharma ne ahiMsA para prakAza DAlane athavA ise apanAne meM bahuta hI sUkSma dRSTi kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo adhika jagahoM para apanI parAkASThA ko chUtI hai| jisakI vajaha se ahiMsA kA siddhAnta apane Apa meM sahI hote hue bhI AcaraNa meM ati kaThina ho gayA hai, aura zAyada yahI kAraNa hai, jisase jainadharma kA vistAra pUrNa rUpeNa nahIM ho sakA, jaisA ki bauddhAdi dharmo kA ho sakA hai /

Page #301
AdhAra-grantha-sUcI jaina - sAhitya anukampA - ratanacanda copar3A, jaina zvetAmbara kalakattA, 1948. terApanthI mahAsabhA, amitagati zrAvakAcAra - bhASA TIkAkartA - paM0 bhAgacandrajI, anantakIrti di0 jaina grantha-mAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1979. ahiMsA aura usake vicAraka - muni nathamalajI, saradAra zahara ( rAjasthAna ), 1951. Adarza sAhitya saMgha, ahiMsA aura vizvazAnti - tulasIrAmajI, jaina zvetA * terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA. ahiMsA - darzana - upAdhyAya muni amaracandrajI, saM0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1952. mahA-digdarzana - vijayadharmasUri, yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1684. ahiMsA pradIpa - paM0 dhIrendrakumAra zAstrI, akhila bhAratIya ahiMsA pracAraka saMgha, kAzI, vI0 saM0 2467. AcArAMga sUtra - vyAkhyAkAra - AtmArAma jI, saM0 muni samadarzI, AcArya AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1963-64. AcArAMga sUtra - (zIlAMkAcArya TIkA sahita), siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, sUrata 1935. Adhunika vijJAna aura ahiMsA - gaNezamuni, saM0--muni kAntisAgarajI, AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI, 1662. Avazyaka sUtra - vyAkhyAkAra- amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda - sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAbda 2446.

Page #302
AdhAra-grantha sUcI 283 AvazyakasUtra-vyAkhyAkAra- ghAsIlAlajI, akhila bhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1958. uttarAdhyayanasUtra--saM0 ratanalAla DozI, pra-a. bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA ( ma0pra0 ), vI0 saM0 2486. upAsaka dazAMga satra-anu0 AcArya AtmArAmajI, saM0-DA. indracandra zAstrI, pra0-A0 AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1964. umAsvA mizrAvakAcAra-parIkSA-jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra-sevA maMdira, sarasAvA ( ji. sahAranapura ), 1664. karmaprakRti-nemicandra AcArya, saM0 evaM anu0-hIrAlAla zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1664. karmavAda - eka adhyayana-surezamuni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1665. karmavipAka-devendrasUri, anu0pa0 sukhalAla jI, AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, 1636. kunda-kunda prAbhRta saMgraha-saMgrahakartA-paM0 kailAzacandra , jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha. zolApura, vi0 saM0 2016. pothA karmagrantha-devendrasUri, anu0-50 sukhalAla jI, AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, 1922. jIvAnuzAsana-devasUri, pra0-hemacandrAcArya sabhA, pATaNa, vi0 saM0 1984. - jainAgama * nirdezikA-saM0-muni kanhaiyAlAla, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, dillI, 1966. jaina prAcAra -DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1666. jainadarzana-paM. mahendra kumAra, gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA,kAzI 1655. janadarzana - DA0 mohanalAla mehatA sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1956. jainadharma-paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, tRtIya saMskaraNa, mathurA, 1955. jainadharma kA advitIya karmavijJAna-bhAnuvijayajI gaNi, saM0-muni mitrA nandavijaya, vI0 saM0 2463.

Page #303
234 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-(pUrvapIThikA )-paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhAga 1, lekhaka-paM0 vecaradAsa dozI, saM0-60 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA va DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pra.-pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966. .. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhAga 2-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, saM0-paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA va DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pra -pA0 vi zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1666. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - bhAga 3 -DA. mohanalAla mehatA, saM0-50 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA va DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pra0-pA0vi0 zodha sasthAna, vArANasI, 1667. jena sAhitya kI pragati -paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, vArANasI, 1951. jaina siddhAnta pradIpikA-A* tulasI, anu0 -muni nathamalajI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, saradArazahara (rAjasthAna ), vi0 saM0 2002. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha-bhAga 1-8-saMgrahakartA-bhairodAna seThiyA, jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vI0 saM0 2471-75. ThAgAMta satra-vyAkhyAkAra-amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda-sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAnda 2446. tatvArthasUtra-anu0-mevarAjajI muNota, zrI ratna prabhAkara jJAna puSpamAlA, phalodhI, vi0 saM0 1986. tattvArthasUtra-vyAkhyAkAra-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI, 1652. tosarA karmagrantha devendrasUri ( hindI anuvAda sahita ), AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracArakamaNDala, AgarA, 1627. darzana aura cintana 'khaNDa 1-2 )-paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957. dazavakAlikacUrNi-jinadAsagaNi, RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetA. saMsthA, ratalAma, 1633.

Page #304
285 AdhAra-anya-sUcI dazavakAlika-saM0-AnandasAgarasUri, devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2010. dazavakAlika sUtra-nyAkhyAkAra-amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda-sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAbda 2446. dAna dayA-hajArImala seThiyA, bIkAnera, vi0 saM0 2010. dusarA karmagrantha-devendrasUri ( hindI anuvAda sahita ), AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maMDala, AgarA, 1918. nirayAvalikA-vyAkhyAkAra-amolaka RSi, haidrAvAda-sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAbda 2446. nizItha : eka adhyayana-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA. nizIya sUtra - vyAkhyAkAra-amolaka kRSi, haidrAbAda-sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAnda 2446. paMcama karmagrantha-paM0 sukhalAlajI, AtmAnanda jaina pracAraka maMDala, AgarA, vIra saM0 2468. piNDaniyukti-bhadrabAhu, malayAcAryavRtti, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1918. puruSArthasiddha yupAya-amRtacandrAcArya, pra.-paramazru ta prabhAvaka maMDala, baMbaI, vI0 saM0 2431. pravacanasAra-kundakundAcArya, saM0-e* ena* upAdhye, paramazru ta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1935. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-vyAkhyAkAra-amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda-sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAnda 2446. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra -vyAkhyAkAra-ghAsIlAlajI, a* mA0 zve. sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1962. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-anu0 paM0 ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, pra0-agaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA, pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vI0 saM0 2478. praznavyAkaraNa satra-saM0-50 maphatalAla jhaveracandra, muktivimalajI jaina anyamAlA, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1995

Page #305
286 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya - DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1666. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa -- DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, tArA pablikezansa, vArANasI, 1666. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1661. * bRhadya sUtra - vyAkhyAkAra- amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda - sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAbda 2446. bhagavatI sUtra ( bhAga 1-7 ) - vyAkhyAkAra - ghAsIlAlajI, a0 bhA0 zve* sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1961-64. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna - DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, madhya pradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1662. bhikSu prantha ratnAkara -- - khaNDa 1-2, saM0-A0 tulasI, jaina zve0 tairApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1960. bhramavidhvaMsana - jayAcArya, gaMgAzahara, vi0 saM0 1680. muni zrI hajArImala smRti graMtha - muni zrI hajArImala smRti-grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1665. mUlAcAra - vaTTakera svAmI, saM0-paM manoharalAla zAstrI, muni anantakIrti di0 jaina graMthamAlA, 1616. yogazAstra - AcArya hemacandra, saM0-muni samadarzI Adi, pra0 - RSabhacandra jaurI kizanalAla jaina, dillI, 1963. rAyasena iya-suta -- vyAkhyAkAra - - paM0 becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI, gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, vIra saM0 2464. vasunaMdi0 zrAvakAcAra - kolhApura, 1907. vyavahArasUtra - vyAkhyAkAra - amolaka RSi, haidrAbAda, sikandrAbAda jaina saMgha, vIrAbda 2446. vyAkhyAprajJapti - abhayadeva sUrIzvaraviracitavRttisamalaMkRtA, RSabhadeva kezarI - mala jaina zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, vi0 saM0 19e6. zubhAzubha karmaphala - svAmI trilokacandajI, navAzahara ( paMjAba ), 661. zramaNasUtra--muni amaracandra jI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, vi0 saM0 2007.

Page #306
AdhAra-anya-sUcI 287 zrAvaka kA ahiMsA vrata-saM0-60 munnAlAlajI zAstrI, pra0-bhAvaka maNDala, ratalAma, vi0 saM0 1960. sadarmamaNDana-AcArya javAhiralAlajI, pra-tanasukhadAsa phUsarAja dUgar3a, saradAra zahara, vi0 saM0 1988. saptatikA-prakaraNa-saM0-50 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, AtmAnanda jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA, 1648. samayamAbhRta-kundakundAcArya-saM0-50 gajAdharalAla jaina, bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kAzI bI0 saM0 2440. samavAyAMga sUtra--vyAkhyAkAra-ghAsIlAlajI. a0 bhA0 zve. sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1962. samavAyAMga sUtra- saM.-maphatalAla jhavera candra, ahamadAbAda, 1638. samayasAra-kundakundAcArya, hindI anu0-50 jayacanda, jinavANI prakAzana vibhAga,rohataka, vI0 saM0 2468. samIcIna dharmazAstra (ratnakaraNDaupAsakAdhyayana)-samantabhadrAcArya, bhASyakAra jugalakizora mukhtAra, vora-sevA maMdira, dillI, 1655. sAgAradharmAmRta-AzAdhara, anu0- mohanalAla zAstrI, sarala jaina graMtha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, vI0 saM0 2482-84. sUtrakRtAMga-saM0-50 ambikAdattajI ojhA, mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosA yaTI, rAjakoTa, vi0 saM0 1993-67. sUtrakRtAMga-saM0 tathA saMzodhaka- AnandasAgarasUrI, gaur3IpArzvanAtha jaina anyamAlA, baMbaI, 1950. sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga-saM0-50 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1955. sthAnAMga sUtra -vyAkhyAkAra-ghAsIlAlajI, a. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1964-65. Cult of Ahimsa-Shreechand Rampuria, Jain Swetamber Terapanthi Mahasabha, Calcutta, 1957. Doctrine of the Jainas-Walther Schubring, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1962.

Page #307
288 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Heart of Jainism-Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson, London, 1915. History of Indian Literature (Vol. II ) --Maurice Winter __nitz, University of Calcutta, 1933. History of the Canonical Literature of the Jainas H. R. Kapadia, Surat, 1941. Niyamasara -Kundakunda Acharya, Sacred Books of the Jainas, Vol. IX, Eng. Transl. by Uggar Sain, Central Jain Publishing House, Lucknow, 1931. Outlines of Jaina Philosophy-Mohan Lal Mehta, Jain Mission Society, Bangalore, 1954. Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Ed. F. Max Muller, Oxford, 1884. Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Ed. F. Max Muller, Oxford, 1895. Studies in Jaina Philosophy-Nathmal Tatia, Jain Cultu ral Research Society, Varanasi, 1951. patrikAeM aNuvrata ( pAkSika ), a0bhA aNuvrata samiti, naI dillI. amarabhAratI ( mAsika ), sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA. ahiMsA-vANI (mAsika), avi jaina mizana, alIgaMja. gena bhAratI (sAptAhika), jaina zve. terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA. zramaNa (mAsika), pA. vi. zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI.

Page #308
289 AdhAra-grantha-sUcI jainetara-sAhitya agnipurANa-pra-manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1957. aNubhASya-paM0 zrIdhara tryambaka pAThaka, bambaI, 1621. atharvaveda-bhASyakAra zrI jayadeva zarmA, Arya sAhitya maNDala, ajamera, vi0 saM0 1986. atharvaveda-saM0-vizvabandhu, vizvezvarAnanda vaidika risarca insTIcyUTa, hoziyArapura. ahiMsaka krAnti kI prakriyA-dAdA dharmAdhikArI, a0bhA0sarva-sevA-saMgha. prakAzana, rAjaghATa, kAzI. ahiMsA (prathama aura dvitIya bhAga )-saM0-kamalApati tripAThI Adi, pra.. jayanAtha zarmA, kAzI vidyApITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1948. ahiMsA vivecana-kizoralAla gha0 mazarUvAlA, sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1942. aMguttaranikAya (prathama bhAga)- anu0-bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA, 1957. Aja ( dainika )-gurunAnaka vizeSAMka, 23 navambara 1666, Aja presa, vArANasI. AtmakathA (mahAtmA gAMdhI kI mUla gujarAtI 'AtmakathA' kA anuvAda -- ___anu0- zrI haribhAU upAdhyAya, sastA sAhitya maNDala, dillI. IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad -vAsudeva zarmA, nirNaya sAgara presa, babaI, 1632. kUrmapurANa (bibliothikA iNDikA), eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha baMgAla. gA~dhI mImAMsA-paNDita rAmadayAla tivArI, iMDiyana presa li0, prayAga, 1641. gAMdhIvANI-saMgrAhaka evaM saMpAdaka-zrI raghunAtha sumana, pr0-saadhn| sadana, ilAhAbAda, 1947. gAMdhIvAda kI zava parIkSA-yazapAla, viplava kAryAlaya, lakhanaU. gAMdhI sAhitya-sastA sAhitya maNDala, dillI, 1951. . chAndogyopaniSat (sAnuvAda zAMkarabhASyasahita)-gItA presa, gorakhapura.

Page #309
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 290 taitirIya saMhitA - AnandAzrama saMskRtagranthAvali, AgAsa. dillI - DAyarI -- mohanadAsa karamacanda gAMdhI, nava jIvana prakAzana maMdira, ahamadAbAda ,1948. dIghanikAya ( bhAga 1- 3 ) - saM0 - bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pAli pablikezana borDa, bihAra gavarnameNTa, 1658. dhammapada - - anu0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha ( vArANasI), buddhAbda 2424. dhammapada - bhikSu dharmarakSita, mAsTara khelAr3IlAla eNDa sansa, banArasa, 1953, nAradapurANa (hindI bhASA TIkA sahita) ~ anu0 - rAmacandra zarmA, sanAtana - dharma presa, 1640. purANa vimarza - baladeva upAdhyAya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1665. bApU aura harijana - pablikezana byUro, sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza, lakhanaU, 1946. bodhicaryAvatAra - zAntideva, anu0 - zAntibhikSu zAstrI, pra0 - buddha vihAra, lakhanaU, 1655. baudhAyana gRhyasUtra - saM0 - zrInivAsAcArya, gavarnamenTa oriyanTa lAyabrerI sIrIja 32. brahmapuraNa (dvitIya bhAga ) - pra0- manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1654. brahmasUtra - zAMkarabhASya - vAsudeva zarmA, nirNaya sAgara presa, 1915. bRhadUdharmapurANa (bibliothikA iNDikA ), eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha baMgAla, 1897. bhagavadgItA - gItA presa, gorakhapura. bhAgavatapurANa ( khaNDa 1 - 2 ) - gItA pra esa, gorakhapura . matsyapurANa - zrI jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya, kalakattA, 1876. manusmRti -- TIkAkAra- paM0 janArdana jhA, hindI pustaka ejensI, vi0 saM0 1983. - bhikSu prajJAnanda, mahAbhArata - gItA presa, gorakhapura. maitrAyaNI saMhitA - sa0 - dAmodara sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maMDala, naMbaI. kalakattA,

Page #310
AdhAra-grantha-sUcI 291 yajurveda-jayadevajI dharmA, Arya sAhitya maNDala li0, ajamera, vi. saM. 2005. liMgapurANa-pra-manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1960. vAyupurANa-pra-manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1659. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-saTIka, saM0-vAsudeva lakSmaNa zAstrI, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1930. vinayapiTaka-anu0-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha (vArANasI), 1935. vizuddhimArga (bhAga 1-2)-anu -bhikSu dharmarakSita, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha ( vArANasI ), 1956-57. zivapurANa ( bhASA TIkA sahita )-zrI veMkaTezvara saMskaraNa, bambaI. saMyuttanikAya ( bhAga 1-2)-anu0-bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pra0 -mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha (vArANasI), 1954. sAMsyatatvakosudI-balarAma udAsIna. sikkha dharma kI rUparekhA-saMpAdaka tathA prakAzaka-pyAra siMha, ziromaNi gurudvArA prabandhaka samiti, amRtasara , 1950. sutanipAta-anu0-mikSu dharmaratna, pra.-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha (vArANasI), 1951. sUphImata : sAdhanA aura sAhitya-rAmapUjana tivArI, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, saM0 2013. hindI agveda--rAmagovinda trivedI, pra0-iNDiyana presa pablikezansa, prayAga, 1954 Apastamba Dharma Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. II. Part I., Oxford, 1896. Apastamba Grihya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXX, Pt. II.

Page #311
PER jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Archaeology of World Religions ( Vols. I-III )-Jack Finegan, Princeton, 1965 Asvalayan Grhya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXIX. Avesta-Arthur Henry Bluck, German Translation by Prof. Spiegel, Hartford, 1864. Baudhayan Dharmasutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XIV. Brahma Sutra-Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, London, 1960. Concordance of the Principal Upanishads and Bhaga vadgita - Colonel G. A Jacob. Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy R. D. Ranade, Oriental Book Agency, Poona, 1926. Contemporary Indian Philosophy - Ram Shankar Srivastva, Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, Delhi, 1965. Development of Moral Philosophy in India--Surama Dasgupta, Orient Longmans, Bombay, 1961. Din-I-Dus or Religion of Spiritual Atoms-Zoroastrian Unveiled - Jehangirji Rustomji Bana, Navasari (Bombay), 1954. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. I, Ed. James Hastings, Edinburgh, 1908. Gautam Dharma Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XIV. Gita Rahasya-Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Translated by B. S. Sukthankar, Vols. I & II, Poona, 1935. Glimpses of World Religion-Charles Dickens, Jaico Publishing House, Bombay. Gobhila Grhya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXX. Guru-Grantha Sahib ( Vols. I-IV ), English Trans. by Dr. Gopal Singh, Delhi, 1960.

Page #312
AdhAra-grantha-sUcI 263 Hiranyakesi Grhya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXX. History of Indian Philosophy ( Vols. I & II )-- Jadunath Sinha, Sinha Publishing House, Calcutta. History of Religion (Vos. I-V )--P.V. Kane, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. Holy Bible (Old & New Testament), London. Indian Philosophy --Dr. C. D. Sharma, Nand Kishore and Brothers, Varanasi. Indian Philosophy (Vols I & II)-Radhakrishnan, London. Jaimini Grhya Sutra-Ed. Dr. W. Caland, Motilal Banarasidass, Varanasi. Khadira Grhya Sutra-Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXIX. Maitrayani Samhita ( Vols. I & II ), Ed. Leopold Von Schroeder, Leipzig, 1881, 1885. Paraskara Grhya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol XXIX. Patanjali's Yoga Sutra-Trans. by Rama Prasad, Public sher--Sudhindranatha Vau, Allahabad, 1910. Philosophy of the Upanisads--Suresh Chandra Chakra. varti, University of Calcutta, 1955. Purana Index-V. R. Ramchandra Dikshitar, Madras, 1951. Quran--Tr.-E. H. Palmer, Sacred Books of the East, Vols. VI & IX. Sankhayana Grhya Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXIX. Satapatha Brahmana, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XII Sribhasya of Ramanuja--R. D. Karmarkar, University of Poona, 1959-64.

Page #313
294 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Studies in the Upanishads (Vol. I)-R. C. Hazra, Government of W. B., 1958. Towards Understanding Islam-S. A. A'la Maududi, Delhi, 1960. True Christian Religion-E. Swedenborg, London, 1936. Upanishads, Translated by F. Max Muller. Vasistha Dharma Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XIV: Vedic Concordance-Maurice Bloomfield, Harvard University, 1906.

Page #314
zabda aMga-praviSTa aMga bAhya aMgArakarma aMtarikSa-sthAna aMbAlAla akRtya akriyAvAda agni agnikAya agnipurANa achUta achUtoddhAra aja ajJAnavAda aNakka aNubhASya aNuvrata atithi saMvibhAga atithi saMvibhAga- vrata atibhaya atibhAra atharvaveda adattAdAna - viramaNa adharmaMdAna anagAra anarthadaMDaviramaNa anukramaNikA pRSTha 5 241 145 107 5 150,154 101 101 anArya 223 anAzrava anukaMpA anukaMpAdAna 44 253 252 zabda 34 107 162 58 arthadaMDa anekAMta annapAnanirodha annapuNya annaprAzana anyAyya anyonyakriyA apakvauSadhibhakSaNatA apadhyAna apadhyAnAcarita aparigraha aparigrahavrata apavAda 210 111 apkAya 228 147 apramAda 213 abdullA 3 abrahmacarya 215,230 abhakSya 161 abhaya 117 abhayadAna 111 abhyaMgavidhi pRSTha 225 147 178 187,244 160, 162, 15, 260 203 213 163 20 147 107 223 226 225 202,258 231 206 150,154 65, 176 60 166, 171, 257 22 180 162 216

Page #315
296 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 180 220 abhyAhRta 232 AtmakalyANa amAghAta AnaMda 111, 160, 211, 216 amRtacaMdrasUri 130 Anuzravika amRtacaMdrAcArya 141 ApastaMba 20,24 amnA AbharaNavidhi araba 162 AbhASika ariSTanemi Ayatana 179 argha AraMbha arjuna 27,37 AraMbhasamAraMbha 145 arjuna deva 77 AraMbhI 144 arthazAstra 251 AraNikopaniSad avizraMbha AraNyaka avestA AruNikopaniSad azeSa 162 Ardra kumAra 156, 166 azvamedha 18 Avazyaka aSTaka AsravadvAra 166 asaMyatidAna 165 Azrama asaMyama 146 AzvalAyana asatIjanapoSaNatA 224 AzvAsa 176 asatya 166,257 asahayoga 254 asteya 111, 202, 258 iMdra aspRzyatA 252 icchA-pariNAma 216 ahiMsA 111, 174, 181, islAma 186, 238 ahiMsAvata 160 81 121 M . mco Mmmm W woom 22 har A 106 260 AcArAMga AcArAgna AcArya IryA 102 Izvara 102 IsA 207 IsAI

Page #316
uccAra-prasravaNa ucchraya uttaraguNa uttarAdhyayana uda udaka udravaNikA-vidhi udyogI udavartanavidhi udvega udvegajanaka unmUlanA upadrava upayogitAvAda upAsaka dazAMga upekSA umAsvAti upadhAnazruta upaniSad upabhoga upabhoga - paribhoga-parimANa upabhogaparibhogaparimANa-vrata Rgveda RNakara Rddhi ekadevatAvAda u anukramaNikA 216 147 147 145 145, 146 102 3, 10 218 111 218 243 111, 143, 211 73 R 107 176 211 114 odanavidhi 162 156 218 odda zika 144 140 3, 133 146 176 ejrA epokrAiphA enaoNka 5 kaMga-phutje-kaMga kaMpilapura kuDakolika kuku kaTakamardana kanphyUziyasa kanyAlIka kabIradAsa kamalasaMyama karaNa kariSyatidAna karuNA karma karmakAMDa karmAdAna kalyANa kalyANamitratA kaSAya kAMti kApAlika kAmadeva o auM ka 297 85 87 87 220 231 64 126 111 125 146 63 214 80 114 184 161 73, 187 222 10 223 177 66 144, 157 175 133 111

Page #317
268 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 175 kAya kAyapuNya kAyotsarga 147 kAruNyadAna 162 kSati 163 kSudra 121, 234 160 khasa 113 khAdira 165 khAdI 228 khAsika 162 20 251 162 o khecara 175 khetI 162 250, 258 113 kAla kAlakumAra kAlAtikrama kiUsa kIti kuNika kurAna kulakSa kuhaNa kUDasakkhijja kUrakarmA kUrmapurANa kRtadAna 162 214 214 162 48 161 kRSNa 37 gaMdhahAraka 162 gavalIka gAMdhIjI 235 gAMdhIvAda 235, 256 gAthApaticora-grahaNavimokSaNanyAya 160 gAlanA 146 gaoNsapelsa gItA guNavata 217 gupti 178, 232 gurugranthasAhaba goviMdasiMha gozAlaka gor3a 162 178 224 167 162 5 77 200 kekaya kevali sthAna kezavANijya kezIkumAra koMkaNaka kojikI kauMkaNa kriyAvAda krIta kroca krodha tyAga kSamA gautama 207 107 231 162 gauravadAna 230 ghAtanA ghRtavidhi 73, 74 221

Page #318
anukramaNikA 266 147 121, 234 165 114 130 256 246 146 70 133 133 162 162 caturviMzatistava carmaniSedha cANakyanIti cArvAka cilAta cIna cuccuka culanIpriya cullazataka cUlika celanA cokSA javAhiralAlajI jinadAsagaNi jinapravacanarahasya-koza jIva jIva-dayA jIvitAMtakaraNa jesasa jaikobI jainadharma jainAcAra jaimanavidhi jaiminI josepha jJAnakAMDa jJAnadAna 114 256 162 111 206 221 111 162 113 180 10 192 jJAnayajJa chaviccheda chAMdogyopaniSad chUAchUta 146, 213 11 253 235 TAlsaTAya TesTAmeMTa 87 107 Deniyala 133 DoMba 162 27 62 162 jagatkartRtvavAda jaTAdhArI janamejaya jabha jayakIrti jayaghoSa jayAcArya jarathustra jalacara jalla Dovilaka 114 117 tattvArthasUtra 165 81 tapayajJa 162 tAo 162 tAo-teha-kiMga tapa

Page #319
300 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 223 tittika 40 111 227 186 186 188 141 40 142, 157 dveSa tAMbUlavidhi 222 duSpakvauSadhibhakSaNatA 162 dRSTivAda tucchauSadhi bhakSaNatA 223 devatA tRpti 175 devatAmUDha terApaMtha 165 devayajJa taittirIya saMhitA dezAvakAzika trasa 156 dezAvakAzika vrata vasakAya 152,155 dravya vAsanaka 147 dravya-ahiMsA tripAtanA 145 dravyadayA dravyaprANa dravyayajJa dravyAhiMsA drAvir3a daMtadhAvanavidhi 218 daMtavANijya 224 dayA 175, 187, 244 darpa pratisevanA 206 dhannA dazavakAlika 122 dhammapada dazavakAlika cUNi 142 dharmadAna dAtA 160 dharmopakaraNadAna dAna 186, 162, 260 ghUta dAnazAlA dhUpavidhi dAvAgnidApanatA 224 dhRti digvata 217 dizAparimANa 111 dizAparimANa-vrata dIghanikAya 60 naMdana 226 naMdA durgatiprapAta 146 naMdinIpriya 207 namaskArapuNya 162 161 162 102 167 220 176 200 176 duHzruti durbala 163

Page #320
anukramaNikA 301 142 76 128 111 nAthUrAma premI nAnaka nArada nAradapurANa nityapiMDa nipAtanA niyativAda niyamasAra nirapekSa nirayavAsanidhanagama nirayAvalikA nighRNa nirdharma nirmalatara niryApanA nirlAJchanakarma nirvANa nivRtti nizIthacUNi nizIthabhASya niSIdhikA niSkaruNa niSThApana 218 146 pavitrA 33 pakkaNika 162 47 parakriyA 107 231 paradayA 188 145 parabhavasaMkAramaNakAraka 146 107 paramArtha 241 paravyapadeza 228 147 parahiMsA 148 148 parigraha 166, 172, 217, 257 113 parigrahaparimANa 147 paritApanAzrava 148 paribhoga 181 parIkSita 27 180 224 pAva 174 pANini 174 pAtra 160 207, 261 pAtraSaNA 106 207 pAnapuNya 163 pAnIyavidhi pApa 147 146 pApakarmopadeza 225 162 pApakopa 146 148 pApalobha 146 68 pApopadeza 226 147 pArajiTara 114 pArasa 157 pArasI 81 133 pAraskara 214 pArzvastha P 0. 107 148 niSThura niSpipAsa nihongI nRzaMsa nemicandrasUri neminAtha naiyAyika nyAsApahAra 20

Page #321
302 pAzupata pASaMDimUDha piDaiSaNA puNya purANa puruSArthasiddha yupAya puliMda puSTi puSpavidhi pUjA pUtA pUrva pRthvIsthAna pRthvI kAya peMTAyUca peDhAlaputra pokkaNa pauSadhopavAsa pauSadhopavAsavrata pratikramaNa pratibhaya pratilekhanA pratyAkhyAna pradezI prabhAsA pramAda pramAdacaryA pramAdAcarita pramoda pravacanasAra praznavyAkaraNa jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 133 136 106 163, 165 3, 41 130 162 176 216 180 180 101 5 146, 153 85 156 162 111 227 121, 234 147 118 121, 234 167 180 65 226 225 177 prANa prANavadha prANAtipAta viramaNa prANAgnihotropaniSad phalavidhi philo baMdha bakuza barbara bahalIka bahudevatAvAda bAla bilvala buddha buddhaghoSa buddhi bRhaddharmapurANa bodhi bodhicaryAvatAra bauddha bauddha-dhamaM baudhAyana brahmayajJa 125 brahmavAda 112 brahmavihAra pha ba 140 145 211, 226 11 218 87 48 176 73 56, 133 56 20, 24 brahmacarya 102,202,231, 246, 258 brahmapurANa 45 40 212 162 162 162 5 207 162 10 72 176 5 67

Page #322
anukramaNikA : 200 177 71 9 our oxxx 45 36 manu 162 163 13 12, 133 68 148 162 162 176 brahmA 133 brAhmaNa 3, 118 maMkhaliputra maMgala machalI matsyapurANa bhakSyavidhi 220 matsyabaMdha bhagavadgItA mana:puNya bhaTaka 162 bhadrabAhu 114 manusmRti bhadrA 176 manyo-ziu bhayaMkara 146 maraNavaimanasya bhayatyAga 230 bhayadAna 160 malaya bhayotpAdaka 147 mahatI bhAnavatapurANa 46 mahAkAla bhATIkarma - 224 mahAtmAgAMdhI bhAva-ahiMsA 186 mahAdeva bhAvadayA 188 mahAparijJA bhAvanA 107, 162, 226 mahAbhaya / bhAvaprANa 141 mahAbhArata bhAvavijaya 114 mahArASTra bhAvahiMsA 142, 157 mahAvIra bhASAjAta 106 mahAvrata 156 mahAzataka mUmyalIka 214 mahura bheda 146, 162 mAMsa bhogopabhogaparimANavata 218 mAMsabhakSaNa bhojana 222 mAMsAhAra bhojanavidhi 220 mAtsarya bhramavidhvaMsana 165 mAdhukaravidhi 113 234 133 102 147 3, 27 162 106, 204, 261 117 111 mUta 13,71 13, 83 228 221

Page #323
304 mAnava-sUtra-caraNa mAraNa mAlava mAsa mImAMsA suditA suraMDa muhammada mUlaguNa mUlAcAra mRtyu mRSAvAda - viramaNa merI maitrAyaNI maitrI maitrI - bhAvanA maithuna mojeja mohamahAbhayapravartaka modI mauSTika yatana yathAsaM vibhAga yavana yahUdI yAska ya jaina dharma meM ahiMsA 13 yudhiSThira 145 162 162 53 73 162 60 210 131 146 213, 230 86 6 73 65 215 yaMtrapIDana karma yajurveda yajJa 8,23,64, 118, 176, 250, 256 176 85 148 62 162 224 yUpa yengI - zikI yoga yogasUtra rakSA rati ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra rasavANijya raskina rAkSasa rAjImatI rAtribhojana - viramaNavrata rAmAnuja rAmAyaNa rAyacandabhAI rUDhivAda rUpa rUrU roga roma romaka raudra 177 175 ratnakaraMDa - upAsakAdhyayana 136, 211 138 224 366 6 117 231 56 3, 25 236 228 '162 lakSmIvallabha 84 5 lajjAdAna labdhi 28 8 68 N 52, 184 53 243 107 162 207 162 162 147 114 160 177

Page #324
layanapuNya lAotse lAkSavANijya lI lUhAsika lezyA lokavAda lokavijaya lokasAra lopanA lobha-tyAga vaMdana vaMdanA vacanapuNya kerAcArya vadha vanaspatikAya vanakarma varNya varNa va vallabhAcArya vaziSTha vasunaMdi-zrAvakAcAra vastrapuNya vastravidhi vastraSaNA vANIviveka vAyukAya anukramaNikA 163 63 224 63 162 120 107 102 102 146 230 121 234 163 131 212, 145 151, 154 vAyupurANa vAlmIki vAhana vicakSaNu vijayaghoSa vidhi 230 151 vinayapiTaka vinayahaMsa vinAma vibhUti vimala vimukti vimokSa virati virAdhanA virodhI vilepanavidhi viziSTadRSTi vizuddhi vizuddhimArga vizvAmitra vizvAsa viSavANijya 223 146 13 58 viSNu 24 viSNupurANa 211 visuddhimA 163 vRddha 216 vRddhi 106 veda vedAnta vaidika paramparA 305 41 25 222 32 117 186 66 114 146 177 180 107, 175 102 175 146 144 216 177 177 72 32 176 224 5, 133 42 72 207 176 3 10, 55

Page #325
jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vaizeSika vyavasAya 48 102 178, 162 vyAdha 133 zivapurANa 176 zItoSNIya 162 zIla 146 zIlagRha zuci zu-liyAMga-ho vyuparamaNaM 178 180 64 133 zaiva zaMkara zaukarika zramaNa zramaNadharma 256 zuka 162 224 228 206, 228 zramaNAcAra 23 107 163 122 210, 256 206, 130 sbaant zrAvaka zrAvakAcAra zrIbhASya zrutAMga zreNika zrauta 222 175 106 zakaTakarma zatapathabrAhmaNa zabda zayanapuNya zayyaMbhava zayyAsana zayyaSaNA zastraparijJA zAMDilyopaniSad zAMti zAMtideva zAMtiparva zAMtisUri zAkavidhi zAkunika zATiyara zAlinIpriya zAlibhadra ziMto zikSAvrata ziva 3 SaTakAya 146 SaDAvazyaka 114 221 162 sa 144 114 saMkalpI 111 saMkSepa 162 saMgrahadAna 68 saMgha 226 saMDAsI 178 saMdhikaraNa 146 160 207 162

Page #326
saMpravartaka saMyama saMyuttanikAya saMraMbha saMlekhanA saMvara saMhitA sakaDAlaputra sacittanikSepa sacittapidhAna sacittapratibaddhAhAra sacittAhAra satya satyavrata satyAgraha saddAlaputra saddhamaMmaMDana saphA samayasAra samAdhi samAraMbha samiti samIcIna dharmazAstra samRddhi samyaktva samyaktvArAdhanA sarohRdataDAgazoSaNatA savitA sAMkhAyana sAMkhya anukramaNikA 146 178 63 144 112 178 3 111,202,237,247, 258 230 246, 254 111 165 200 228 228 223 222 67 127 174 144 178, 232 211, 226 sAMkhyamudI sA~pa sAmaveda sAmAyika sAmAyikavrata sAhasika siMdhu sabhyatA siMhala sikkha sikkhadharma siddhAvasthA sukAla sukhalAla suttanipAta sunnA surAdeva sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUpavidhi sUpha sUphI sUrya steya 176 102 176 snAna 224 snAna vidhi 5 sphoTI karma 20 smArta 53, 133 smRti sthalacara sthiti 307 53 162 133 111, 121, 234 227 147 3 162 75 75 177 113 186 66 60 111 20 107, 143 221 66 66 5 166, 170, 257 162 176 107 216 224 20 3, 12

Page #327
308 jaina dharma meM ahiMsA syAdvAda svadayA svadArasaMtoSa svadezI svahiMsA svArtha 203 harSakula 114 188 hastitApasa 111, 215 hAsya-tyAga 230 252 hiMsaka 155 148 hiMsA 140,142,166,236,240 241 hiMsAdAna 226 hisya 155 hiMsyavihiMsA 145 hiMsrapradAna 225 145 hiraNyakezI 20 253 hUNa 162 hanana harijana

Page #328
abhimata ahiMsA sAmAjika jIvana kA kevala eka naitika bhAva hI nahIM, apitu eka maulika siddhAnta hai, eka jIvana-darzana hai| ataeva usakA malyAMkana dharma-paraMparAoM ke canda sthUla AcAra-vyavahAroM para se nirdhArita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isake lie cintana kI kAphI gaharAiyoM meM utaranA hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya tattva-cintana ke cidAkAza meM ahiMsA kI vivecanA ke naye-naye kSitija khulate rahe haiM, aura isa prakAra ahiMsA ke AyAma vistRta evaM vistRtatara hote gae haiN| ___ ahiMsA jaina darzana kA to prANatattva hI hai| jaina vicAra evaM AcAra kA pratyeka dRSTibindu ghUma phira kara antataH ahiMsA para hI Akara kendrita hotA hai| eka taraha se jaina darzana aura ahisA darzana eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI bana gae haiN| jaina cintakoM ke dvArA atIta meM aneka mahattvapUrNa granthoM ko saMracanAeM eka mAtra ahiMsA para hI huI haiN| atIta hI nahIM, vartamAna meM bhI bahuta kucha likhA jA rahA hai| jIvana-vyavahAra ke hara aMga-pratyaMga para ahiMsA kA kyA prabhAva par3atA hai, ahiMsA kA kSetra kitanA vyApaka evaM vistRta hai, aura vaha kisa taraha jIvana kI gaharAI meM utArI jA sakatI hai, isakI lokagrAhya vivecanA aneka granthoM meM huI hai, jisa para Aja kA bauddhika jagat Azcarya evaM sAttvika Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| DA. baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA kI jena ahiMsA se sambandhita prastuta zodha-racanA bhI isI zRMkhalA kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai jisapara hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ne unheM pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA hai|

Page #329
( 310 ) DA0 sinhA ke vidvattApUrNa cintana kA pratibimba prastuta zodhaprabandha meM spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai / unhoMne ahiMsA-sambandhI cintanadhArA meM vistRta evaM gaharA avagAhana kiyA hai / kevala atIta yuga kA cintana hI nahIM, unakI apanI bhI kucha aisI maulika udbhAvanAeM haiM, jo ahiMsA kI mahattA para mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlatI haiM / jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai, vartamAna meM ahiMsA para itanA vyApaka, sAtha hI prAmANika vivecana evaM samIkSaNa zodha-grantha ke rUpa meM saMbhavata: pahalI bAra hI prastuta huA hai / vidvAn lekhaka ne zodha-prabandha ke mAdhyama se apanI adhyayanazIlatA, kaThora zrama, lagana, sUjha-bUjha evaM pratibhA kA AkarSaka paricaya dene meM paryApta saphalatA prApta kI hai, ataH vaha prabuddha manISIvarga kI ora se zatazaH sAdhuvAdArha hai / upAdhyAya amara muni DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA likhita 'jainadharma meM ahiMsA" pustaka meM pratipAdya viSaya kA sarvAgapUrNa anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / lekhaka ne deza-videza kI sabhI dhArmika paramparAoM meM ahiMsA-saMbaMdhI vicAroM ko khojane kA prayatna kiyA hai, aura unake paripra ekSya meM jainadharma ke ahiMsAsiddhAnta kA vistRta, prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| bhAratIya dharma-cetanA meM ahiMsA ko vizeSa sthAna diyA gayA hai / 'mahAbhArata' aura 'yogasUtra' jaise hindU granthoM meM tathA bauddhoM ke dhArmika- dArzanika sAhitya meM bhI, ahiMsA ko dharma kA mUla athavA pradhAna rUpa ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / kintu hindUdharma meM ahiMsA kI zurU se vaisI mAnyatA na thI / vedoM athavA brAhmaNa granthoM ke karmakANDa - paraka dharma meM hiMsA kA aikAntika niSedha nahIM thA / bAda meM sAMkhyadarzana tathA vaiSNava athavA bhAgavatasampradAya meM hiMsA kA ugra virodha kiyA gayA / nizcaya hI isa parivartana ke pIche zramaNa paramparA kA prabhAva rahA /

Page #330
( 311 ) 'mahAbhArata' meM kahA gayA hai ki dharma kA upadeza bhUta-prANiyoM kI hiMsA rokane ke lie hI hai ( ahiMsArthaM hi bhUtAnAM dharma-pravacanaM kRtam ) / Adhunika kAla meM hindUdharma ke pramukha pariSkartA aura deza ke mahAn netA gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsA ko apane jIvana-darzana kA pradhAna stambha ghoSita kiyA / bhAratIya dharmoM kI kisI bhI paramparA meM ahiMsA kevala eka niSedhamUlaka siddhAnta hI nahIM hai; usakA eka bhAvAtmaka pakSa bhI hai jisake anusAra hameM samasta jIvita prANiyoM kA hitacintana karanA caahie| gAMdhIjI ne prakArAntara se dharma ko daridranArAyaNa kI sevA se sampRkta kiyA hai / vAstava meM ahiMsA kI zikSA ke pIche eka tattvadarzana hai / manuSya dUsaroM kA ahita karake bhI apanA hita sAdhana karanA cAhatA hai / isa prakAra saba taraha ke anAcAra aura adharma ke mUla meM galata koTi kA Atma-prema hai / kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko saba bhUta-prANiyoM meM Atmavat baratanA cAhie; ise svIkAra karane para hI manuSya saba prakAra kI hiMsA se sacamuca virata ho sakatA hai| jaba taka manuSya apane jIvana aura svArthoM ko dUsaroM se adhika mahatva detA hai taba taka vaha pUrNatayA dhArmika athavA ahiMsA kA pAlana karanevAlA nahIM bana sakatA / - DaoN0 sinhA ne gratha ko bar3e parizrama se taiyAra kiyA hai| unhoMne ahiMsA se sambaddha jena sAhitya kA to vistRta adhyayana kiyA hI hai, hindU paramparA kA bhI saTIka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unakI bhASA prAJjala aura zailI spaSTa evaM subodha hai / yaha pustaka nizcaya hI ahiMsA ke jijJAsuoM tathA hindI sAhitya ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa dena hai / pro0 na0 ki0 devarAja nidezaka, uccAnuzIlana darzana kendra kAzI vizvavidyAlaya

Page #331
( 312 ) I have read with great pleasure the work entitled "Jaina Dharma Men Ahimsa" written by Dr. Bashistha Narayan Sinha, M. A., Ph. D. It was submitted by him for Ph. D. degree of Banaras Hindu University. The problem of Ahimsa, non-injury to living beings has been approached from various angles of vision. Though professedly the subject is confined to the Jain religion which is conspicuous for its scrupulous observance of this ethical discipline, it has been shown by the author that almost all religions of the world including Vedic religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity lay considerable stress on the observance of this principle of conduct. Brahmanism and Buddhism are noted for their expositions of Ahimsa, as motivated by love and sympathy and benevolence, Gandhijee's conception of Ahimsa covers a wider scope and is intimately connected with Truth and universal Love. These religions and ethical speculations have been succinctly surveyed in this work. The book is noted for its thoroughness and wide range. It must be regarded as an original contribution. The study of this stimulating work will be rewarding and the reader's conception and thought will be enlarged by the array of facts and information culled together with critical judgement. I wish wide circulation of this esteemed work of research both to laymen and scholars. Prof. Satkari Mookerjee M. A., Ph. D. Retired Asutosh Professor of Sanskrit, Calcutta University. Ex-Director, Nava Nalanda Maha Vihar.

Page #332
100.00 200.00 150.00 50.00 150.00 150.00 100.00 2200.00 40.00 120.00 300.00 20.00 100.00 Our Important Publication 1. Studies in Jain Philosophy Dr. Nathmal Tatia 2. Jaina Temples of Western India Dr. Harihar Singh 3. Jaina Epistemology Dr. I.C. Shastri 4. Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought Dr. Kamla Jain 5. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Dr. J.C. Sikdar 6. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr. J.C. Sikdar 7. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion Dr. Ramji Singh 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set : Vols. I to 7) 9. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Prof. Sagrmal Jain 10. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom Dulichand Jain 11. Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons Dr. N.L. Jain 12. The Heritage of the Last Arhat : Mahavira Dr. C. Krause 13. The Path of Arhat T.U. Mehta 14. Multi-Dimensional Application of Anekantavada Ed. Prof. S.M. Jain & Dr. S.P. Pandey 15. The World of Non-living Dr. N.L. Jain 16. jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA pro. sAgaramala jaina 17. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (cAra khaNDa) pro. sAgaramala jaina 18. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa pro. sAgaramala jaina 19. aSTakaprakaraNa anu.- DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 20. dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti : eka adhyayana DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN. zivaprasAda 22. acalagaccha kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda 23. tapAgaccha kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda 24. siddhasena divAkara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 25. jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. sudhA jaina 26. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 27. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa cAra khaNDa) 28. jaina pratimA vijJAna DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI 29. mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma pro. bhAgacandra jaina 30. vajjAlaggaM (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 31. prAkRta hindI koza sampA.-DaoN. ke.Ara. candra 32. gAthA saptazatI (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 33. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya pro. surendra varmA 34. nalavilAsanATakam sampA.- DaoN. surezacandra pANDe 35. anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda DaoN. rAjendra kumAra siMha 36. paJcAzaka-prakaraNam (hindI anuvAda sahita) anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA 37. jainadharma kI pramukha sAdhviyoM evaM mahilAe~ hIrAbAI boradiyA 38. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina 39. bhArata kI jaina guphAe~ DaoN. harihara siMha 40. mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza bhagavatIprasAda khetAna 41. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 42. bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA DaoN. dharmacandra jaina 500.00 400.00 350.00 400.00 60.00 200.00 125.00 100.00 250.00 500.00 100.00 300.00 630.00 760.00 150.00 80.00 80.00 400.00 60.00 75.00 60.00 150.00 250.00 50.00 160.00 150.00 65.00 80.00 200.00 Parswanath Vidyapitha, Varanasi-221005 INDIA Main Education International