Jain Dharm ke Sampraday

Author(s): Suresh Sisodiya
Publisher: Agam Ahimsa Samta Evam Prakrit Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004297/1

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Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA : sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pacvaiye jainadharma ke sampradAya DaoN0 sureza sisodiyA savvatthesu samaM care savvaM jagaMtu samayANupehI piyamappiyaM kassa vino karejjA sammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM sammatta diTTi sayA amUDhe samiyAe muni hoi Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura

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Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA 9 sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina jainadharma ke sampradAya lekhaka DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ___ zodha-adhikArI Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura ( rAja.) A SAPNAMA wwwm. Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura .

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prakAzaka: Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna papinI mArga, rAjasthAna patrikA kAryAlaya ke pAsa udayapura (rAja.) 313001 saMskaraNa : prathama, 1994 mUlya : 080-00 Jaina Dharma Ke Sampradaya by Dr. Suresh Sisodia Edition : First, 1994 Price: Rs. 80-00 mudraka : vadamAna mudraNAlaya, javAhara kAlonI, vArANasI

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prakAzakIya jainadharma ke sandarbha meM prAmANika jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie usake vibhinna sampradAyoM aura unakI mAnyatAoM kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki Aja jo jainadharma jIvita hai, vaha vibhinna sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM ho hai| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama sAmpradAyika AgrahoM meM itane ba~Ta gae haiM ki na to hama dUsare sampradAyoM kA itihAsa jAnate haiM aura na unakI mAnyatAoM kI sApekSika upayogitA ko hI samajha pAte haiN| isa dizA meM taTastha dRSTi se cintana aura lekhana kI AvazyakatA banI huI thii| DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ne jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana tathA AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM para apanA zodha-prabandha likhA, jisa para unheM mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA, vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura dvArA pI-eca. Do0 ko upAdhi se alaMkRta bhI kiyA gyaa| DaoN0 sisodiyA saMsthAna ke zodhaadhikArI bhI haiM, ataH saMsthAna ne apanA dAyitva samajhakara unakI isa kRti ko prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyaa| hama saMsthAna ke mAnada nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina ke AbhAro haiM, jinhoMne prastuta kRti ko pariSkRta kara prakAzita karane meM hara sambhava sahayoga diyA hai| hama saMsthAna ke mArgadarzaka pro0 kamalacanda jI sogAno, mAnada saha nidezikA DaoN. suSamA jI siMghavI evaM mantrI zrI vIrendrasiMhajo loDhA ke bhI AbhArI haiM, jo saMsthAna ke vikAsa meM apanA mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga de rahe haiN| prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu zrI jaina vidyAlaya, kalakattA ne apane 'hIraka jayanti varSa (1994) ke upalakSya meM dasa hajAra ru0 kA anudAna pradAna kiyA hai, etadartha hama usake saMcAlakoM ke prati bhI kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM / kRti ke sundara evaM sattvara mudraNa ke lie hama varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ke bhI AbhArI haiN| gumAnamala coraDiyA adhyakSa saradAramala kAMkariyA mahAmantrI

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prakAzana sahayoga prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina sabhA, kalakattA dvArA saMcAlita zrI jaina vidyAlaya, kalakattA ne apane hIraka jayanti varSa (1994) ke upalakSya meM jo artha sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai, usake lie saMsthAna AbhArI hai| - zrI zve0 sthA0 jaina sabhA, kalakattA prabuddha vyaktiyoM kA saMgaThana hai| 'zikSA, sevA aura cikitsA ke kSetra meM sabhA kA yogadAna na kevala prazaMsanIya hai varan anyoM ke lie anukaraNIya bhI hai| sabhA dvArA varSa 1934 meM kirAye ke kamare meM zrI jaina vidyAlaya kA zabhArambha kiyA gyaa| varSa 1958 meM yaha vidyAlaya bar3A bAjAra sthita vidyAlaya ke naye bhavana meM A gayA / vartamAna meM isa vidyAlaya meM lagabhaga 2300 vidyArthI haiN| yahA~ inTaramiDiyeTa taka kI zikSA dI jAtI hai| jJAtavya hai ki vigata 25 varSoM se isa vidyAlaya kA parIkSA pariNAma zata pratizata rahA hai| __sabhA dvArA varSa 1992 meM hAvar3A meM 1 karor3a rupaye se adhika kI lAgata se eka nayA bhavana banAkara zrI jaina vidyAlaya kI eka aura zAkhA prArambha kI gaI hai| yaha vidyAlaya kampyUTara sahita sabhI Adhunika upakaraNoM se samaddha hai| isa vidyAlaya meM bhI vartamAna meM lagabhaga 2200 vidyArthI haiN| vidyAlaya ke vartamAna adhyakSa zrI mohanalAla jo bhaMsAlI evaM mantrI zrI saradAramala jI kAMkariyA haiN| . sabhA dvArA vigata tIna varSoM se zrI jaina buka baiMka kI sthApanA kara nirdhana evaM jarUratamanda vidyArthiyoM ko niHzulka pustakeM upalabdha karAI jA rahI haiN| prativarSa saikar3oM vidyArthI isa buka baiMka se lAbhAnvita ho rahe haiM / varSa 1994 meM hI sabhA ne hAbar3A meM eka jaina haoNspiTala kA nirmANa karAnA prArambha kara diyA hai| isa hAspiTala para lagabhaga 4 karor3a rupaye vyaya hone kA anumAna hai| sabhA ke vartamAna adhyakSa zrI rikhabadAsajI bhaMsAlI evaM mantrI zrI riddhakaraNajo botharA haiN| hama zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina sabhA evaM zrI jaina vidyAlaya, kalakattA se bhaviSya meM bhI aise ho sahayoga kI apekSA karate rheNge|

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lekhakIya jainadharma zramaNa paramparA kA eka prAcInatama dharma hai| Aja yaha bhI "vibhinna sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta hai, phira bhI ina sampradAyoM. ke itihAsa ke saMbaMdha meM janasAdhAraNa meM ajJAna hI hai / paraMparAgata vidvAnoM ne apanI-apanI sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM ke pariprekSya meM hI isa sambandha meM apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| jabaki AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se mukta hokara isa dizA meM kucha kArya kiyA jaaye| maiM yaha to nahIM kahatA ki isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM ne lekhano nahIM calAI hai, kyoMki kucha pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne isa dizA meM yathAprasaMga taTastha dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai, phira bhI eka svatantra kRti kI kamI hI thii| yadyapi aMgrejI meM muni uttamakamalajI kI eka kRti tho, 'kintu hindI bhASA meM to aisI kRti kA abhAva hI thaa| maiMne isI abhAva kI pUrti kA yathAsaMbhava prayAsa kiyA hai / maiMne isake lekhana meM isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai ki kRti vidvat bhogya hone ke sthAna para janasAdhAraNa ke lie adhika upayogI ho| prastuta grantha mere zodha-prabandha kA saMzodhita rUpa hai| yaha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM jainadharma ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ke saMbaMdha meM paramparAgata evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM 'prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra nirvANa taka ko jainadharma kI sthiti ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM jaina Agama, jaina 'mandira, mUrtiyA~ evaM jaina guphAe~, jaina abhilekha tathA citrakalA Adi aitihAsika srotoM ke AdhAra para jaina dharma ke sampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM jainadharma ke vibhinna saMpradAyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isameM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya tathA unake upasampradAyoM kA paricaya dete hue unake udbhava Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prastutIkaraNa meM mukhya rUpa se tattvamImAMsA saMbaMdhI una viSaya-binduoM kI carcA ko gaI hai, jo zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM vivAdAspada haiN| vibhinna saMprata

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dAyoM kI zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko kramazaH paMcama evaM SaSThama adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| . prastuta grantha ke praNayana meM mujhe vibhinna vidvAnoM kA jo sahayoga milA. hai, usake lie maiM unakA atyanta abhArI huuN| una vidvAnoM kA, jinako kRtiyA~ isa racanA meM sahAyaka rahI haiM, grantha kI pAda-TippaNiyoM meM yathA- saMdarbha ullekha kiyA hai aura saMdarbha grantha sUcI meM bhI unake nAma tathA unakI kRtiyoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| maiMne apanA zodha prabandha DaoN0 esa0 Ara0 vyAsa, vibhAgAdhyakSa, darzanazAstra vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke nirdezana meM prastuta kiyA thA, unake sasneha mArga-- darzana se meM isa kArya ko pUrNa kara sakA, ataH meM apane guruvarya DaoN0 vyAsa sA0 kA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| vibhinna prasaMgoM para mujhe jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ke aneka AcAryoM evaM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, yathA-AcArya nAnAlAlajI evaM yuvAcArya rAmalAlajI (sAdhumArgI saMga), AcArya tulasI jI evaM yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI (terApaMtha sampradAya) AcArya devendramuni jI evaM zrI saubhAgyamunijI 'kumuda' (zramaNa saMgha) evaM AcArya vidyAnanda jI (digambara sampradAya). Adi se tattva-carcA karane kA avasara milA hai, inake sujhAva evaM mArga-- darzana se mujhe preraNA milo hai, ataH ina sabakA bhI maiM AbhArI huuN| maiM saMsthAna ke mArgadarzaka pro. kamalacanda sogAnI, mAnada nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM mahAmantrI zrI saradAramala jI kAMkariyA ke mArga darzana evaM sahayoga hetu AbhAra pradarzita karane ke lie zabdoM kI riktatA kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| pro0 kamalacanda sogAnI ne mero zodha dizA ko nizcita kara use gati do hai| mere lekhana aura cintana ko vikasita karane kA sArA zreya yadi kisI ko diyA jA sakatA hai to ve haiM pro0 sAgaramala. jain| zrI saradAramala jI kAMkariyA kI udAravRtti, zikSAprema aura unako sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi kA ho pariNAma hai ki maiM apane vicAroM ko sadaiva taTastha hokara prastuta kara sakA hai| ina tInoM vibhUtiyoM kA jo sneha evaM sahayoga mujhe milA hai usake lie mAtra zAbdika AbhAra vyakta karake maiM uRNa nahIM honA cAhatA varan mero to yahI abhilASA hai ki. maiM ina tInoM ke sahayoga evaM nirdezana se apanI zodhavRtti ko sadaiva gatimAna rkheN|

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saMsthAna kI mAnada saha nidezikA DaoN0 suSamA siMghavI evaM pUrva mantrI sva0 zrI phatahalAla jI hiMgara ke prati meM kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hai, "jinako satata preraNA mujhe milI hai| mere zodha-prabandha ke parIkSaka DA0 esa0 Ara0 bhaTTa evaM DA0 je0 pI0 zuklA kA bho maiM AbhArI haiM, jinhoMne isa zodha-prabandha ke prakAzana hetu apane sujhAva diye haiN| prastuta kRti mere pUjya pitAjI sva. zrI phatahalAla jo sisodiyA kI preraNA kA phala hai / sAtha hI pUjya mAtAjo zrImatI upendra, patno tRpti "sisodiyA evaM pArivArikajanoM kA AzirvAda evaM AtmIyatApUrNa sahayoga mujhe milA hai, ataH ina sabakA maiM kRtajJa huuN| udayapura -sureza sisodiyA 12 disambara, 1993

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viSayAnukramaNikA *viSaya pRSTha kramAMka prathama adhyAya : jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa 1-35 jainadharma kA udbhava-1, yati evaM vrAtya-3, tIrthaMkaroM se pUrva kI sthiti-5, kAlacakra-5, kulakara-8, traisaTha-zalAkApuruSa-9, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA sAmAnya paricaya-13, RSabhadeva-15, ariSTanemi-17, pArzvanAtha-18, mahAvIra-21, mahAvIra kAlIna jainadharma-23, tIrthaMkaroM meM mAnyatA- bheda-24, pArzva aura mahAvIra kI mAnyatA meM bheda-25, mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt jainadharma kI sthiti-30, dvitIya adhyAya : jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota 36-46 jaina Agama sAhitya-36, jaina mUrtiyA~-39, jaina guphAe~ evaM 'mandira-41, jaina abhilekha-44, jaina citrakalA-45, tRtIya adhyAya : jainadharma ke sampradAya 47-120 sAta nihnava aura unake siddhAnta-48, zivabhUti niva-54, caityavAsI prathA-55, sampradAya vibhAjana-56, zvetAmbara sampradAya-56, digambara matAnusAra zvetAmbara sampradAya ko utpatti 57, digambara sampradAya-57, zvetAmbara matAnusAra digambara sampradAya kI utpatti-58, zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAyoM kI utpatti sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA niSkarSa-59, yApanoya sampradAya-59, yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti saMbaMdhI mAnya. tAyeM-61, yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM kA niSkarSa-62, zvetAmbara saMpradAya ke upasampradAya-62, zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya-, 63, zvetAmbara amUrtipUjaka sampradAya-92, lokAzAha kA kAla-92, lokAgaccha kA vibhA, ... jana-93, digambara sampradAya ke upasaMpradAya- 100, yApanIya -saMpradAya ke upasaMpradAya,113,

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- 10 - caturtha adhyAya : vibhinna sampradAyoM ko varzana sambandhI mAnyatAeM 121-154 darzana zabda kA artha-121, tattva kI saMkhyA kA prazna-122, kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA prazna-125, pudgala ke bandha ke niyama sambandhI matabheda-126, jIva-128, jIva ke bheda 130, sa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna-132, jagata kI avadhAraNA sambandhI matabheda-134, karma siddhAnta sabaMdhI. matabheda-136, paramAtmA-139, mokSa-140, strI mukti kA prazna-142, kevalo bhukti ko avadhAraNA saMbaMdhI matabheda-149, kevalI meM jJAna aura darzana ke bheda-abheda kA prazna-152 paMcama adhyAya : vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM 155-195. AcAra ke bheda-155, zramaNa kA artha-155, zramaNa dokSA-156 zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNa-159, digambara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNa-160, zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM kI samIkSA-174, bhikSAcaryA-174, AhAra-177, vihAra-180, varSAvAsa-181, upakaraNa-184, vastra-185, pAtra-186, rajoharaNa-187, mukhavastrikA-188, pratilekhanA-189, pratikramaNa 190, samAdhimaraNa-192, SaSThama adhyAya : vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM 196-227 zrAvaka kA artha-197, zrAvaka kI pahacAna-197, zrAvakAcAra198, AgamoM meM zrAvakAcAra-198, aNuvrata-199, pA~ca aNuvrata evaM aticAra-200, tIna guNavrata evaM aticAra-208, cAra zikSAvrata evaM aticAra-213, sallekhanA-221, prati mAeM-223, pUjAvidhi-224, saptama adhyAya : upasaMhAra 228-235 sandarbha grantha sUcI 236-206

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prathama adhyAya jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa jaina dharma kA udabhava : __bhAratIya saMskRti zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRtiyoM kA samanvita rUpa hai / jahA~ zramaNa saMskRti tapa-tyAga evaM dhyAna sAdhanA pradhAna rahI hai, vahA~ brAhmaNa saMskRti yajJa-yAMga mUlaka evaM karmakANDAtmaka rahI hai| hama zramaNa saMskRti ko AdhyAtmika evaM nivRttimUlaka ( sanyAsamUlaka ) bhI kaha sakate haiM, jabaki brAhmaNa saMskRti ko sAmAjika evaM pravRttimUlaka kahA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke mUla AdhAra mAnava-prakRti meM nihita vAsanA aura viveka athavA bhoga aura yoga ( saMyama ) ke tattva hI hai| yahA~ hama ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke vikAsa ke mUla upAdAnoM evaM unake krama tathA vaiziSTya kI carcA meM na jAkara mAtra unake aitihAsika astitva ko hI apanI vivecanA kA viSaya bnaayeNge| bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie prAcInatama sAhityika srota ke rUpa meM veda aura prAcInatama purAtAtvika srota ke rUpa meM mohanajodar3o evaM harappA ke avazeSa hI hamAre AdhAra haiN| saMyoga se ina donoM hI AdhAroM athavA sAkSyoM se bhAratIya zramaNadhArA ke ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI upasthita hone ke saMketa milate haiN| Rgveda bhAratIya sAhitya kA prAcInatama grantha hai| yadyapi isakI ati prAcInatA ke aneka dAve kiye jAte haiM aura mImAMsaka darzanadhArA ke vidvAna to ise anAdi aura apauruSeya bhI mAnate haiM phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki IsvI pUrva * 1500 varSa pahale yaha apane vartamAna svarUpa meM astitva meM A cukA thaa| isa prAcInatama grantha meM hameM zramaNa saMskRti ke astitva ke saMketa upalabdha hote haiM / vaidika sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI ina zramaNa aura brAhmaNa dhArAoM kA nirdeza kramazaH Arhata aura bArhata dhArAoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| sAtha hI mohanajodar3o ke utkhanana se prApta vRSabha yukta dhyAna mudrA meM yogiyoM kI sIleM isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki Rgveda ke racanAkAla ke pUrva bhI bhArata meM zramaNadhArA kA na kevala astitva thA, apitu vahI ekamAtra pramukha dhArA thii| kyoMki mohanajodar3o aura harappA ke utkhanana

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2 : jainadharma ke sampradAya meM kahIM bhI yajJavedI upalabdha nahIM huI hai, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM tapa evaM dhyAna pradhAna Arhata paramparA kA astitva ati prAcIna kAla se hI rahA hai| yadi hama jaina dharma ke prAcIna nAmoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM to yaha suspaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yaha Arhata dharma ke nAma se hI prasiddha rahA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jaina dharma kA pUrva rUpa Ahata dharma thaa| jJAtavya hai ki jaina zabda mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa pazcAt hI kabhI astitva meM AyA hai| sAtavIM zatI se pUrva hameM kahIM bhI jaina zabda kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi isake sthAna para zramaNa dharma,' nirgrantha pravacana, jinazAsana, jinamArga, jinavacana' ke ullekha prAcIna haiM / kintu arhat, zramaNa, jina Adi zabda bauddhoM evaM anya zramaNadhArAoM meM bhI samAna rUpa se pracalita rahe haiN| ataH jaina paramparA kI unase pRthaktA kI dRSTi se pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM yaha dharma nigraMtha dharma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / jaina AgamoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki I0 pU0 pAcavIM zatI meM zramaNadhArA mukhya rUpa se 5 bhAgoM meM vibhakta thI1. nirgrantha, 2. zAkya, 3. tApasa, 4. gairuka aura 5. AjIvaka' / vastutaH jaba zramaNadhArA vibhinna vargoM meM vibhAjita hone laMgo to jaina dhArA ke liye pahale 'nigrantha' aura bAda meM 'jJAtaputrIya zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga hone lgaa| na kevala pAlo tripiTakoM evaM jaina AgamoM meM apitu azoka ( I0 pU0 3 zatI) ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI jaina dharma kA ullekha nirgrantha dharma ke rUpa meM ho milatA hai| 1. dazavakAlikasUtra, 8142 2. (ka) vyAkhyAprajJapti, 9 / 33 / 30, (kha) jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 11115 3. (ka) dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8 / 25, (kha) jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 11115 (ga) padmapurANa 14 / 345, 64 / 45 (gha) harivaMzapurANa, 11 / 105, 43 / 88 4. padmapurANa, 49 / 19, 53 / 67 5. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36 / 260, (kha) padmapurANa, 14 / 251 6. piNDaniyukti, 445 7. (ka) niggaMtha dhammammi imA samAhI-sUyagaDo, jaina vizvabhAratI lADana', 216142 (kha) nigaNTho nATaputto-dIghanikAya,mahAparinivvANasutta-subhadhaparivAjaka: vatthana, 3123186

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 3 vastutaH pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke pUrva sampUrNa zramaNadhArA Aheta paramparA ke rUpa meM hI ullikhita hotI thI aura isameM na kevala jaina. bauddha, AjIvaka Adi paramparAyeM sammilita hotI thIM, apitu aupaniSadikaRSi paramparA aura sAMkhya-yoga kI darzanadhArA evaM sAdhanA paramparA bhI isI meM samAhita thii| yaha alaga bAta hai ki aupaniSadika dhArA evaM sAMkhya-yoga paramparA ke bRhad hindUdharma meM samAhita kara liye jAne evaM bauddha tathA AjIvaka paramparAoM ke isa deza meM mata prAyaH ho jAne para jaina paramparA ko punaH pUrva madhyayuga meM Arhata dharma nAma prApta ho gyaa| kintu vedoM meM jisa Arhata paramparA kI carcA hai, vaha eka prAcIna evaM vyApaka paramparA hai| RSibhASita nAmaka jaina grantha meM nArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, aruNa, uddAlaka, aMgirasa, pArAzara Adi aneka aupaniSadika RSiyoM kA ahat RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| sAtha hI sAriputra, mahAkazyapa Adi bauddha zramaNoM evaM maMkhalogozAla, saMjaya Adi anya zramaNa paramparA ke AcAryoM kA bhI arhat RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai|' bauddha paramparA meM buddha ke sAtha-sAtha arhat avasthA ko prApta anya zramaNoM ko arhat kahA jAtA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM dharma vastutaH nivRttipradhAna sampUrNa zramaNadhArA kA hI vAcaka rahA hai| vedoM meM jaina dharma kI prAcInatA kA nirdeza karane vAle jo sandarbha upalabdha haiM unameM arhat evaM Arhata ke sAtha-sAtha yati, vrAtya Adi ke bhI ullekha milate haiM, vaidika sAhitya meM ullikhita yati evaM vrAtya zramaNa paramparA yA jaina paramparA se ' hI saMbaMdhita pratIta hote haiN| yati evaM vrAtya : Rgveda meM arhatoM ke atirikta yatiyoM evaM vrAtyoM ke bho ullekha milate haiM, kintu inakA saMbaMdha kisa paramparA se hai, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| DA. hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra 'yati evaM vrAtya brAhmaNa paramparA ke (ga) nigaMThesu pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2, lekha kramAMka 1 uddhRta-pro0 sAgaramala jaina-Rgveda meM arhat aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana, zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1993 - .. 1. isibhAsiyAiMsuttAI-prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 1988 dRSTavya hai-bhUmikA, pro0 sAgaramala jaina, pRSTha 19-20

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4; jainadharma ke sampradAya na hokara zramaNa paramparA ke ho sAdhu siddha hote haiN|' zramaNa saMskRti meM . yati evaM vratI zabda Aja bhI pracalana meM hai tathA muniyoM kI taraha hI vratI evaM yati bhI pUjanIya mAne jAte haiN| jaina Agama granthoM meM bhI yati .. zabda kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / 2 yati zabda kI niyukti isa prakAra dI gaI hai-"jayamANago jaI hoI", "jatamANato jti"4| isI prakAra : bRhatkalpa kI TIkA meM 'yati' zabda ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai-"yatate sarvAtmanA saMyamAnuSThAneSviti ytiH|"5 yati zabda kI ye aneka paribhASAe~ jo jaina AgamoM, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, caNiyoM, TIkAoM evaM anya siddhAnta granthoM meM milatI haiM, ve yaha siddha karatI haiM ki yati zabda zramaNa saMskRti aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina saMskRti se saMbaMdhita hai| vratI zabda kA prayoga jaina grantha tattvArthasUtra meM bhI haA hai, isameM mAyA, nidAna aura mithyAdarzana-ina tIna zalyoM se rahita vyakti ko vratI kahA gayA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vratI ke do rUpa haiM-AgArI aura angaarii| inheM kramazaH zrAvaka aura zramaNa bhI kahA gayA hai| vrAtya zabda kA artha vratI zabda kI taraha hI hai / isakA artha hai-vratoM kA pAlana karane vaalaa| atharvaveda meM eka vrAtyakANDa hai jisameM vrAtya ko vidvattama, mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla, vizva-sanmAnya aura brAhmaNa-viziSTa kahA gayA hai| manusmRti evaM praznopaniSada meM bhI vrAtya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 1. jaina, hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 18 2. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 24 / 12 (kha) piMDaniyukti, 124 (ga) bhattapaiNNA paiNmayaM, gAthA 12 3. jaina lakSaNAvalI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 941 4. dazavakAlikacUrNi, pR0 233; uddhRta-nirukta koza-sampA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pRSTha 110 5. bRhadkalpaTIkA, pRSTha 63; uddhRta-nirukta koza-sampA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pRSTha 111 6. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 13-14 7. atharvaveda, sAyaNabhASya, 15.1.1.1; uddhRta-bhAskara, bhAgacanda jainadarzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, pRSTha 12 8. manusmRti, 2 / 39 9. praznopaniSada, 2011

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 5 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yati evaM vrAtya-ye donoM hI zabda prAcIna samaya ke vaidika sAhitya meM bahu-pracalita rahe haiM / inase prAcInatama kAla meM bhI zramaNa saMskRti ke astitva kA saMketa milatA hai| isa dRSTi se jainadharma ko bhI paryApta prAcIna dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai / tIthaMkaroM se pUrva kI sthiti : jainadharma meM tIrthaMkaroM kA sthAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke janma se pUrva samasta sRSTi bhoga bhUmi ke rUpa meM prasiddha thii| usa samaya pArivArika evaM sAmAjika vyavasthA nahIM thI aura nAgarika sabhyatA kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thaa| usa samaya jIvana-yApana ke lie vyakti pazupAlana, khetI athavA vyavasAya Adi bhI nahIM karate the| unake bhojana Adi kI pUrti vRkSoM yA vanopaja se hI ho jAtI thii| paramparA kI dRSTi se yaha kahA gayA hai ki kalpavRkSa hI unakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kara dete the| dhIre-dhIre mAnava sabhyatA kA vikAsa huA aura isake sAtha hI sAmAjika evaM pArivArika vyavasthA kI sthApanA huI tathA vividha kalAoM kA janma huA, jisase yaha bhogabhUmi karmabhUmi bana gyii| sabhyatA ke isa kramika vikAsa ko kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA ke dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai| kAlacakra: ___ jaina paramparAnusAra sampUrNa kAlacakra ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-(1) avasarpiNI kAla aura (2) utsarpiNI kaal| pratyeka kAla ko punaH chaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| avapiNI kAla: (1) suSamA-suSamA kAla . . (2) suSamA kAla .(3) suSamA-duHSamA kAla (4) duHSamA-suSamA kAla (5) duHSamA kAla (6) duHSamA-duHSamA kAla 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 10 / 66 2. (ka) jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra, 2 / 24 (kha) tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 315-319 (ga) tityogAlI paigmayaM, gAthA 16-14

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6 : jainadharma ke sampradAya utsapiNI kAla : (1) duHSamA-duHSamA kAla (2) duHSamA kAla (3) duHSamA-suSamA kAla (4) suSamA-duHSamA kAla (5) suSamA kAla (6) suSamA-suSamA kAla (1) suSamA-suSamA kAla: yaha kAla sarvAdhika sukha vAlA kAla kahA gayA hai| isa kAla meM rahane vAloM ko vANijya, vyavasAya, khetI, pazupAlana Adi kucha bhI karane ko AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai| pRthvI hare-bhare vRkSoM se AcchAdita rahatI hai unase madhura, rasadAra tathA svAsthya evaM zaktivarddhaka phala prApta ho jAte haiN|' jaina zAstroM meM to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki isa kAla meM saMkalpa mAtra se hI manovAMchita sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI thii| harivaMzapurANa meM vividha prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki manuSyoM kI kauna-kaunasI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM se ho jAtI thii| isa kAla ke manuSya haSTa-puSTa, rUpavAn tathA adhika Ayu vAle hote haiN| IrSyA,roga-zoka, Adhi-vyAdhi kA isa kAla meM sarvathA abhAva thaa| ataH yaha kAla sarvazreSTha kAla mAnA jAtA hai| (2) suSamA kAla: ___suSamA-suSamA kAla kI samApti ke pazcAt suSamA kAla prArambha hAtA hai / yadyapi yaha kAla bhI sukhada hI mAnA gayA hai tathApi isa kAla meM suSamA-suSamA kAla kI apekSA sukha kI mAtrA meM kucha kamI A jAtI hai| kalpavRkSoM se prApta phala aba utane madhura, rasaprada tathA svAsthya aura zaktivarddhaka nahIM rahate, jitane suSamA-suSamA kAla meM the| isa kAla meM bhI manuSya haSTa-puSTa evaM rUpavAn to hote haiM, kintu suSamA-suSamA kAla. ko apekSAkRta kama / isa kAla meM bhI IrSyA, roga-zoka, Adhi-vyAdhi Adi. kA abhAva mAnA gayA hai| 1. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 341 2. harivaMzapurANa, 780-99

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 7 uparokta donoM kAloM ke bAre meM eka ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki isa yuga meM bhAI-bahina hI dampatI banakara sukhopabhoga evaM santanotpatti karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yadyapi isa kAla meM parivAra to hotA hai tathApi sAmAjika dRSTi se pArivArika vyavasthA nahIM hotI hai| (3) suSamA-duHSamA kAla : suSamA-duHSamA nAmaka tIsare kAla meM sukha kI mAtrA adhika aura duHkha ko mAtrA kama mAnI gayI hai| isa kAla meM kalpavRkSoM se pahale kI bhAMti madhura evaM svAdiSTa phala nahIM milate haiM aura jo milate haiM unase manuSyoM kA jIvanayApana nahIM ho pAtA hai| isalie manuSyoM ko khetI, pazupAlana, vyavasAya-vyApAra Adi karma karane hote haiN| isa kAla meM samAja-vyavasthA kI dRSTi se rAjya astitva meM AtA hai tathA daNDa Adi ke kucha niyama bana jAte haiN| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki manuSyoM ko vividha prAkRtika parivartanoM ke anurUpa jIvanayApana karane kI zikSA denevAle kulakara isI kAla meM utpanna hote haiM / isa kAla ke antima caraNa meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA janma honA mAnA gayA hai| suSamA kAla kA ullekha karate samaya hamane batalAyA thA ki usa kAla taka bhAI-bahina hI dampato banakara jovana vyatIta karate the, kintu RSabhadeva ne hI sarvaprathama bhAI-bahina ke dampatI banane kI isa prathA ko samApta kiyA aura unhoMne svayaM eka mRta yaugalika puruSa ko sahodarA sunandA se vivAhakara naI vivAha paddhati ko prArambha kiyaa| isI prakAra apane putroM kA vivAha bhI apanI putriyoM se nahIM karake vivAha-prathA kA nirmANa kiyaa| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isa kAla meM sukha ke sAtha-sAtha AMzika duHkha bhI prArambha ho gae the / sAtha hI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA vikAsa bhI isI kAla meM huA thaa| (4) duHSamA-suSamA kAla: duHSamA-suSamA nAmaka caturtha kAla meM kalpavakSoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai| isa yuga meM manuSya ko apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie khetI, pazupAlana evaM vyavasAya Adi para hI pUrNataH nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai| roga-zoka, Adhi-vyAdhi, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, bhaya Adi meM bhI pUrva kI apekSA aba vRddhi ho jAtI hai| manuSya corI-chipe anaitika kArya evaM pApakarma karane laga jAte haiN| unake pariSkAra ke liye dhArmika

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8 : jainadharma ke sampradAya bhAvanAe~ bhI isI kAla meM balavatI hotI haiN| jaina paramparA meM yaha kAla . atimahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki isa kAla meM hI RSabhadeva ke atirikta zeSa sabhI teIsa tIrthakara hue the| (5) duHSamA kAla: vartamAna samaya ko jaina paramparAnusAra duHSamA kAla kahA gayA hai / isa kAla meM jalavAyu meM vyApaka parivartana A jAtA hai, kahIM ativRSTi to kahIM anAvRSTi hotI dikhAI detI hai| manuSyoM kI tRSNA adhika ho jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa chala-kapaTa, vyAbhicAra Adi duSpravRttiyoM meM vRddhi hone lagatI hai| vargabheda, varNabheda, jAtibheda Adi kI pracuratA isa kAla meM dikhAI detI hai| paropakAra, sadAcAra, saccAI, maitrIbhAva Adi sadguNoM kI alpatA tathA durAcAra evaM duguNoM kI adhikatA hotI hai / roga-zoka, Adhi-vyAdhi Adi bhI isa kAla meM adhika hote dikhAI dete haiN| isa prakAra isa kAla meM duHkha kI mAtrA adhika aura sukha kI mAtrA kama ho jAtI hai| (6) duHSamA duHSamA kAla : __avasarpiNI kAla kA antima evaM utsapiNI kAla kA prathama kAla duHSamA-duHSamA kAla batalAyA gayA hai| yaha kAla duHkha se paripUrNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra isa kAla meM jo bhI prANo baceMge, ve asahanIya duHkha-pIr3A, roga-zoka, kAma-krodha, lobha, bhaya, mada, ahaMkAra Adi se prasita rheNge| sarvatra azAnti, kalaha aura pApakoM kI adhikatA rhegii| vyApAra, pazudhana, vanaspati Adi samApta ho jaaeNge| __yaha kAla avasapiNI kAla hai| isake avasAna ke pazcAt punaH utsarpiNI nAmaka dUsare kAlacakra kA pravartana hogaa| isa prakAra vizva meM utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI aura avasarpiNI-utsapiNo yaha kAlakrama calatA hI rhegaa| kulakara: pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM ke janma se pUrva kulakara utpanna hote haiM / inakA kArya samAja vyavasthA aura daNDa vyavasthA kI sthApanA karanA hotA hai| 1. jambU spaprApti sUtra, 24

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 1 isa avasarpiNI kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM se pUrva hue kulakaroM ko saMkhyA vividha jaina granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna batalAI gaI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra', samavAyAMgasUtra', vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, AvazyakacUrNi, Avazyakaniyukti aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM jahA~ sAta kulakaroM ke nAma milate haiM, vahIM tiloyapaNNatti, paumacariyaM', mahApurANa tathA siddhAnta saMgraha Adi meM caudaha evaM jambudvIpaprajJapti meM pandraha nAma milate haiN| tiloyapaNNatti meM kulakara evaM manu donoM hI zabdoM kA prayoga karake hindu saMskRti evaM jaina saMskRti ke madhya samanvaya kiyA gayA hai|12 harivaMzapurANa meM kulakara ke nAmoM evaM unake vividha kAryoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| ina kulakaroM ne karmabhUmi meM sabhyatA ke prArambhika yuga meM samAja vyavasthA dI tathA apane caritra evaM AcaraNa dvArA acche-bure kA bheda karanA sikhAyA tathA durAcaraNa hetu daNDa vyavasthA kii|4 granthakAroM ne kahA hai ki kulakara hI tIrthaMkaroM se pUrva mAnava saMskRti ke pUrNa rakSaka the|5 saThazAlAkApuruSa : kulakaroM ke pazcAt jina mahApuruSoM ne karmabhUmi para mAnava sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ko rakSA kI thI, unheM zalAkApuruSa kahA jAtA hai / zalAkA1. sthAnAMgavRtti, sUtra 767 2. samavAyAMgasUtra, 24 / 160 3. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 5 / 5 / 6 4. AvazyakacUrNi, patra 129 5. Avazyakaniyukti, malayaH vRtti, gAthA 152, pRSTha 154 6. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 1 / 1 / 142-206 7. tiloyapaNNatti, 4504 8. paumacariyaM, 3150:55 9. mahApurANa-jinasena, 33229-232 10. siddhAnta saMgraha, pR0 18 11, bambadvIpaprajJaptisUtra , 2 // 35 22. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 421-509 13. harivaMzapurANa, 7 / 122-170 14. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 1. 35. mahApurANa, 31211-232

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10 : jainadharma ke sampradAya puruSa kA tAtparya vizeSa gaNamAnya vyaktiyoM se hai| kulakaroM ke pazcAt aise tresaTha mahApuruSa hue haiM, jo zalAkApuruSa mAne jAte haiN| jaina purANoM meM inakA varNana vistArapUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| ina tresaThazalAkA puruSoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau balabhadra, nau nArAyaNa aura nau pratinArAyaNa haiN| vistAra meM nahIM jAte hue hama mAtra inakA nAmollekha hI kreNge| caubIsa tIrthakara : (1) RSabhadeva, (2) ajitanAtha, (3) saMbhavanAtha, (4) abhinandana, (5) sumatinAtha, (:) padmaprabha, (7) supArzvanAtha, (8) candraprabha, * (9) puSpadaMta, (10) zItalanAtha, (11) zreyAMsanAtha, (12) vAsupUjya. (13) vimalanAtha, (14) anantanAtha, (15) dharmanAtha, (16) zAntinAtha, (17) kunthunAtha, . (18) arahanAtha, (19) mallinAtha, (20) muni suvrata, (21) neminAtha, (22) ariSTanemi, (23) pArzvanAtha aura (24) mahAvIra / bAraha cakravartI : (25) bharata, (26) sagara, (27) maghavA, (28) sanatkumAra, (29) zAnti, (30) kunthu, (31) araha, . (32) subhauma, (33) padma, (34) hariSeNa (35) jayasena aura (36) brhmdtt| nau balabhadra : (37) acala, (38) vijaya, (39) bhadra, (40) suprabha, (41) sudarzana, (42) Ananda, (43) nandana, (44) padma aura (45) rAma / nau nArAyaNa : (46) tripRSTha, (47) dvipRSTha, (4) svayaMbhU, (49) puruSottama, (50) puruSasiMha, (51) puruSapuNDarIka, (52) datta, (53) nArAyaNa aura (54) kRSNa / nau prati-nArAyaNa : 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 10

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 11 (55) azvagrova, (56) tAraka, (57) meraka, (58) madhu, (59) nizumbha, (60) bali, (61) prahlAda, (62) rAvaNa aura (63) jarAsaMgha / ina tresaTha zalAkApuruSoM meM sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA nAma AtA hai kintu unake sambandha meM vistRta carcA karane se pUrva hama tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA para vicAra kreNge| tIrthakara : tIrthakara zabda ko paribhASA aneka rUpoM meM kI gaI hai, yathA "titthayare bhagavate aNuttaraparakkame amiynaannii| tiNNe sugaigaigae. siddhipahapadesae vaMde // "" "taranti saMsAraM yena bhavyAstattIrtham / "2 "titthaM cAuvaNNo saMgho taM jehiM kayaM te titthNkraa|"3 arthAt jo anupama parAkrama ke dhanI haiM, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra utArane vAle haiM evaM caturvidha saMgha ke saMsthApaka haiM, ve tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiM / jaina AgamoM, siddhAnta granthoM, caritra granthoM evaM anya paurANika granthoM meM tIrthakara zabda kA prayoga haA hai| yaha zabda sarvaprathama kaba evaM kisa rUpa meM pracalita huA thA, yaha khojanA to itihAsa kA viSaya hai kintu prAcIna AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke ukta ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tIrthakara zabda ati prAcIna hai| yadyapi Aja yaha zabda jainadharma kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai, kintu prAcInakAla meM sabhI dharmapraNetA tIrthaMkara kahe jAte the| bauddha sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara zabda kaI sthAnoM para prayukta huA hai| vahA~ nirgrantha jJAtaputra ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ke atirikta maMkhIlagozAla, prakudhakAtyAyana, saMjayavelaTThiputra Adi ko bhI tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai| . jainadharma meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke ullekha 1. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 80 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 302 3. AvazyakaNi, 85 4. dIghanikAya, pRSTha 17-18; uddhRta-gupta, ramezacandra-tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra; pRSTha 27

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12 : jainadharma ke sampradAya AcArAMgasUtra', sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMgasUtra', vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, . uttarAdhyayanasUtra tathA jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra Adi aneka prAcIna granthoM meM milate haiN| jainadharma ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna hI bauddhadharma meM caubIsa buddhoM tathA vaidika dharma meM caubIsa avatAroM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| ___ vaidika paramparA meM avatAra kA tAtparya Izvara kA bhUloka para avataraNa hai| usameM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| unake anusAra Izvara hI dharma saMsthApanA evaM duSToM ke damana ke lie pRthvI para avatarita hotA hai, kintu jaina paramparAnusAra tIrthaMkaroM kA avatAra nahIM hotA hai, ve apanI sAdhanA se hI Izvaratva ko prApta hote haiM aura dharma ko saMsthApanA karate haiM / ve sRSTi ke kartA bhI nahIM haiN| jaina paramparA meM samavAyAMgasUtra, tiloyapaNNatti evaM jaina purANoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha hI ina tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhavoM ke mAtA-pitAoM, janma-nagaroM, caityavRkSoM, janmAdi ke nakSatroM ke sAtha-sAtha inake jIvanavRtta ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| jaina paramparAnusAra prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra taka kula caubIsa tIrthakara hue haiM / yahA~ hama unakA sAmAnya paricaya de rahe haiN| 1. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 739 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, 1 / 249-250, 2 / 438-445, 31535, 5 / 234, 9 / 6211 3. samavAyAMgasUtra, 38 / 234, 39 / 237, 40 / 239, 41 / 144, 42 / 247 4. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 9 / 32 / 58-59 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 2331, 2315 6. jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra, 2 / 37

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mAtA cihna . caubIsa tIrthaDuroM kA sAmAnya paricaya'.. kra0 saM0 tIrthaGkara nAma . * janmasthAna .. tithi pitA 1. bhagavAn RSabhadeva vinItA nagarI caitrakRSNA-8 rAjA nAbhirAja 2. bhagavAn ajitanAtha vinItA nagarI mAgha zuklA 8 rAjA jitaMzatru 3. bhagavAn saMbhavanAtha zrAvastI nagara magazira 2014 rAjA jitAri 4. bhagavAn abhinandananAtha ayodhyA mAgha sudi 2 rAjA saMvara 5. bhagavAn sumatinAtha ayodhyA baiM0 zu08 rAjA megharAja 6. bhagavAn padmaprabha kauzAmbI kA0 kR0 12 rAjA dharaNa . 7. bhagavAn supArzvanAtha vArANasI jyeSTha zu0 12 rAjA pratiSTha 8. bhagavAn candraprabha candrapurI pauSa kR0 12 rAjA mahAsena 9. bhagavAn suvidhinAtha . kAkandI nagarI mRgazira kR0 5 rAjA sugrIva 10. bhagavAn zItalanAtha bhaddilapura mAgha kR0 12 rAjA dRr3haratha 11. bhagavAn zreyAMsanAtha siMhapurI bhA0 kR0 12 rAjA viSNu 12. bhagavAn vAsupUjya campAnagarI . phA0 kR0 14 rAjA vasupUjya 13. bhagavAn vimalanAtha kapilapura mAgha zu0 3 rAjA kRtavarmA 14. bhagavAn anantanAtha ayodhyA bai0 kR0 13 rAjA siMhasena 1, rAjendra muni-caubIsa tIrthakara eka paryavekSaNa, pR0 158-159 rAnI marudevI rAnI vijayA devo rAnI senA devI rAnI siddhArthA rAno maMgalA rAnI susImA rAnI pRthvI rAnI lakSmaNA rAnI rAmA rAnI nandA rAnI viSNudevI rAnI jayA rAnI zyAmA devI rAnI suyazA vRSabha hAthI azva kapi koMca pakSo padma svastika candramA makara zrIvatsa geMDA mahiSa zUkara bAja

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kra0saM0 tIrthaGkara nAma janmasthAna tithi pitA mAtA 15. bhagavAn dharmanAtha 16. bhagavAn zAntinAtha 17, bhagavAn kunthunAtha 18, bhagavAn arahanAtha 19. bhagavAn mallinAtha 20. bhagavAn suvratanAtha 21. bhagavAn neminAtha 22. bhagavAn ariSTanemi 23. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 24. bhagavAn mahAvIra ratnapura hastinApura hastinApura hastinApura mithilA rAjagRha mithilA soriyapura vArANasI kuNDapura mAgha zu0 3 rAjA bhAnu rAnI suvratA devI jyeSTha kRSNA 13 rAjA vizvasena rAno acirA devI bai0 kR0 14 rAjA zUrasena rAnI zrIdevI mR0 zu0 10 rAjA sudarzana rAnI mahAdevI mR0 zu0 11 rAjA kumbha rAnI prabhAvatI jyeSTha kR08 rAjA sumitra rAnI padmAvatI zrA0 kR08 rAjA vijaya rAnI viprAdevI zrA0 zu0 5. rAjA samudravijaya rAnI zivAdevI pauSa kR0 10 rAjA azvasena . rAnI vAmA devI caitra zu0 13 rAja siddhArtha rAnI trizalA mRga chAga svastika kalaza kUrma (kachuA) DIT kamala zaMkha nAga siMha

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 15 vidvAnoM ne ina caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM se pahale tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi ko prAgetihAsika tathA teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha aura caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra ko aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai / yahA~ hama ina cAra tIrthaGkaroM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI prastuta kara RSabhadeva : RSabhadeva vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaGkara mAne jAte haiN| inake pitA nAbhirAja aura mAtA marUdevI thiiN|' RSabhadeva ke janma ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra RSabhadeva kA janma caitrakRSNA aSTamI ke dina huA thA jabaki digambara paramparAnusAra RSabhadeva kA janma caitra kRSNA navamI ke dina huA thA / jaina mAnyatAnusAra RSabhadeva kA kAla lAkhoM aura karor3oM varSa pahale kA hai isalie usa samaya ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM Aja prAmANika taura para kucha kahanA kaThina hai| janazruti aura caritra granthoM ke AdhAra para unake jIvanavRta kA kevala anumAna hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| __ RSabhadeva kA nAmollekha evaM unakA prAcIna itihAsa na kevala jaina sAhitya meM varan vaidika sAhitya evaM bauddha sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / Rgveda meM RSabhadeva kA spaSTa nAmollekha milatA hai| tANDayabrAhmaNa aura zatapathabrAhmaNa meM nAbhiputra RSabha aura RSabha ke putra bharata kA ullekha milatA hai| uttarakAlona hindU paramparA ke granthoM-mArkaNDeya"purANa, karmapurANa, agnipurANa, vAyupurANa, garuDapurANa, brahmANDapurANa, viSNupurANa tathA skandhapurANa ke sAtha-sAtha zrImadbhAgavat meM bhI RSabha deva se sambandhita ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| bhAgavatapurANa meM RSabhadeva * 1. (ka samavAyAMgasUtra, 24 / 160 (kha) kalpasUtram, 191 .. (ga) jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra, 2 / 37 / / 2. (ka) Avazyakaniyukti, 187 (kha) kalpasUtram, 193 .. (ga) mahApurANa (jinasena), 13 / 1-3 3. Rgveda, 4 / 58 / 3, 10 / 166 / 1 4. tANDayabrAhmaNa, 14 // 2-5; zatapathabrAhmaNa, 5 / 2 / 5 / 10 5. mArkaNDeyapurANa, 50 / 39-42; karmapurANa, 41 / 37-38; agnipurANa, 10 // 10-11, vAyupurANa, 33 / 50-52; garuDapurANa, 1; brahmANDapurANa, 14 / 61%;

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16 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki prakIrNakezI, zarIramAMtraparigrahI RSabhadeva brahmAvarta meM pravajita hue the| ve jaTila, kapiza kezoM sahita malinaveza dhAraNa kiye hue the aura isa avadhUta veza meM maunavratI the|' bauddha pranya dharmottarapradopa meM bhI RSabhadeva kA nAmollekha milatA hai / RSabhadeva se pUrva yaugalika paramparA thii| bhAI-bahina hI dampatI ke rUpa meM jIvana-yApana karate the| sarvaprathama RSabhadeva ne hI yaugalika paramparA ko samApta karate hue sunandA evaM sumaMgalA se vivAhakara eka naI vivAha paddhati kI sthApanA kI thii| RSabhadeva kI patnI sumaMgalA ne bharata aura brAhmI ko tathA sunandA ne bAhubalI aura sundarI ko yugala rUpa meM janma diyA thA, kintu yaugalika paramparA se haTakara RSabhadeva ne apane putra bharata kA vivAha sundarI se tathA bAhubalI kA vivAha brAhmo se karavAyA thaa| RSabhadeva ko bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA AdipuruSa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki puruSoM ko 72 aura striyoM ko 64 kalAoM kI zikSA RSabhadeva ne hI dI thii| jaina mAnyatA yaha hai ki asi ( sainya karma ), masi ( vANijya ) aura kRSi ( khetI ) ko vyavasthita rUpa dene kA zreya bhI RSabha ko hI prApta hai| RSabhadeva se pUrva mAnava samAja pUrNataH prakRti para Azrita thaa| kAla krama meM jaba manuSyoM meM saMcayavRtti kA vikAsa huA to striyoM, pazuoM aura khAdya padArthoM ko lekara eka-dUsare se chonA-jhapaTI hone lgii| aisI sthiti viSNupurANa, 2 / 1 / 27; skandhapurANa-kumArakhaNDa, 3757; zrImadbhAgavata, 5 / 6 / 28-31; uddhRta-tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra, pRSTha 62 1. bhAgavatapurANa, 5 / 6 / 28-31; uddhRta-bhAskara, bhAgacanda-jainadarzana aura ___ saMskRti kA itihAsa, pRSTha 114 2. dharmottarapradIpa, pRSTha 286 / / 3. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 191 4. (ka) zrI kAlalokaprakAza, 32 / 47-48, (kha) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 224 (ga) "bhagavatA yugaladharmavyavacchedAyabharatena sahajAtA brAhmI bAhubaline dattA, bAhubalinA sahajAtA sundarI bharatAya / " -bAvazyakamalayagirivRtti pR0 200 (gha) zAstrI, devendramuni-RSabhadeva eka parizIlana, pRSTha 137

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 17 meM RSabhadeva ne na kevala asi, masi, kRSi Adi kI zikSA dI, apitu unhoMne samAja vyavasthA evaM zAsana vyavasthA ko bhI nIMva ddaalii| unhoMne kRSi evaM zilpa ke dvArA apane hI zrama se apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA sikhAyA / kintu manuSya kI bar3hatI huI bhogAkAMkSA evaM saMcayavRtti ke kAraNa vaiyaktika jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo azAMti evaM viSamatA AI usakA samAdhAna nahIM ho skaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki bhoga sAmagrI kI pracuratA bhI manuSya kI AkAMkSA evaM taSNA ko samApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yadi vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti evaM samatA sthApita karanI hai to manuSya ko tyAga evaM saMyama ke mArga kI zikSA denI hogii| taba unhone svayaM parivAra evaM rAjya kA tyAga karake vairAgya kA mArga apanAyA aura logoM ko tyAga evaM vairAgya kI zikSA denA prArambha kiyA thaa| . ariSTanemiH / - vartamAna avasarpiNo kAla ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi haiM / ' inake pitA rAjA samudravijaya aura mAtA rAnI zivAdevI thiiN| inakA janma zrAvaNa zuklA paMcamI ko soriyapura nagara meM huA thaa|2 jaina mAnyatAnusAra ariSTanemi zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| jaina AcAryoM ne ariSTanemi ke sAtha-sAtha zrIkRSNa ke jIvana-caritra kA bhI vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| jaina harivaMzapurANa tathA uttarapurANa meM ina donoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana milatA hai| . . DaoN. rAdhAkRSNa ke anusAra Rgveda evaM yajurveda meM ariSTanemi kA ullekha huA hai| ariSTanemi ke eka bhAI rathanemi the, jinakA vizeSa ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai| zIlavatI rAjImati ne unheM saMyama mArga se padacyuta hone se bacAyA thaa| * ariSTanemi ke samaya meM mAMsa bhakSaNa kI pravRtti atyadhika pracalita thii| mAMsa bhakSaNa kI isa hiMsakavRtti se logoM ko vimukha karane ke lie ariSTanemi ne eka krAntikArI kadama utthaayaa| apane vivAha ke samaya barAta meM Aye kSatriyoM ko mAMsAhAra dene ke prayojana se ikaTThe kiye gaye (kha) kalpasUtram, 163 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 24 / 160 2. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 22 . 3. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pRSTha 287 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 22

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18 : jainadharma ke sampradAya pazuoM ko unhoMne bandhanamukta karA diyA tathA svayaM vivAha kiye binA hI lauTa gae / ariSTanemi ke isa tyAga ne usa samaya samAja ko jhakajhorakara rakha diyaa| unake isa tyAga ke phalasvarUpa pazu-pakSiyoM kI hiMsA ko bhI hiMsA kI paridhi meM samAhita kara liyA gyaa| isa prakAra ariSTanemi ne ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko vyApaka AyAma diyA aura vanyajIvoM kI rakSA kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| pArzvanAtha : pArzvanAtha ko vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kA teIsavA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA hai|' zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA ke nAmoM ko lekara bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha samavAyAMgasUtra, kalpasUtra tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena tathA mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI batAyA gayA hai jabaki digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha uttarapurANa aura padmapurANa meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena tathA mAtA kA nAma brAhmI batAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ke janma samaya ko lekara bhI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matabheda hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthakalpasUtra, caupanamahApuruSacaritra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra tathA zrIpArzvanAthacaritra' Adi meM jo ullekha milate haiM unake anusAra pArzvanAtha kA janma pauSa kRSNA dazamI kI madhya rAtri meM huA thA, kintu digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha-tiloyapaNNatti tathA uttarapurANa ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kA janma pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI ko huA thaa| yadyapi donoM paramparAoM meM pArzvanAtha kI janma tithi ko lekara matabheda avazya hai, kintu jo antara batAyA gayA hai vaha koI vizeSa dUrI kA nahIM hai| 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 24 / 160 2. jaina, sAgaramala-arhat, pArzva aura unakI paramparA, pR0 11-12 3. kalpasUtram, 151 4. cauppanamahApurisacariyaM, pR0 258 . . 5. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9 / 3 6. siripAsanAhacariyaM, 3 / 140 7. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 576 8. uttarapurANa, 73 / 93

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jainadharma kA ubhava aura vikAsa : 19 punaH hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki donoM hI paramparAeM unakA janma nakSatra vizAkhA mAnatI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI Ayu 100 varSa kI mAnI gaI hai aura aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki unake nirvANa ke 178 varSa pazcAt mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| isa AdhAra para pArzvanAtha kA janma mahAvIra ke janma se 278 varSa pUrva mAnA jA sakatA hai| prasiddha jaina tIrtha sammeda zikhara ko pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa sthala mAnane meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiM, kintu pArzvanAtha kI janmatithi ke samAna hI nirvANa tithi ko lekara bhI donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA pArzvanAtha kI nirvANa tithi zrAvaNa zuklA aSTamI mAnatI hai, jabaki digambara paramparA yaha tithi zrAvaNa zuklA saptamI kA pradoSa kAla mAnatI hai| kintu pArzvanAtha kI Ayu sau varSa mAnane meM donoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiN|' pArzvanAtha ke janma aura nirvANa kI taraha unake vivAha prasaMga ko lekara bhI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha caupanamahApuruSacaritra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra tathA zrIpArzvanAthacaritra ( devabhadra ) meM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kA ullekha huA hai jabaki pAzrvanAtha ke jIvanavRtta kA ullekha karane vAle digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha tiloyapaNNatti, padmacaritra, . uttarapurANa aura pArzvanAthacaritra ( vAdirAja ) meM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa AdhAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ne pArzvanAtha ko vivAhita mAnA hai jabaki digambara paramparA ne unheM avivAhita mAnA hai| jainoM meM pArzvanAtha ke prati jo AsthA dekhI jAtI hai vaha anya kisI tIrthaMkara ke prati nahIM dekhI jAtI hai| deza meM Aja bhI sarvAdhika tIrtha aura tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ pArzvanAtha kI hI haiN| jaina upAsakoM ke hRdaya meM pArzvanAtha ke prati jitanI adhika zraddhA aura AsthA hai utanI adhika zraddhA 1. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAn pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 115 2. cauppanamahApurisacariyaM, 261 : 3. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9 / 3 4. siripAsaNAhacariyaM, 3 // 162-153

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20 : jainadharma ke sampradAya aura AsthA na to Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke prati hai aura na hI antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke prati hai| isa viSayaka jaina mAnyatA yaha hai ki pArzvanAtha kA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA viziSTa thA isalie unake prati logoM meM zraddhA aura AsthA adhika hai| Azcaryajanaka tathya yaha hai ki hindU aura bauddha sAhitya meM kahIM para bhI pArzvanAtha kA nAmollekha nahIM milatA hai jabaki dUsare kaI tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma hindU aura bauddha sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| hamAre matAnusAra hindU paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM pArzvanAtha kA nAmollekha nahIM hone kA mUlabhUta kAraNa yaha hai ki veda aura upaniSad Adi pArzvanAtha ke samaya ke lagabhaga pUrva ke haiM, isalie inameM pArzvanAtha kA nAmollekha nahIM milatA hai, jahA~ taka hindU paramparA ke paravartI sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha kA nAmollekha nahIM hone kA prazna hai to isa sandarbha meM hama yahI kahanA cAheMge ki apane se bhinna paramparA kA hone ke kAraNa jisa prakAra hindU sAhitya meM mahAvIra ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai, usI prakAra pArzvanAtha ko bhI sthAna nahIM diyA gyaa| yahI sthiti bauddha sAhitya ke sandarbha meM bhI hai| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI pArzvanAtha kA spaSTa nAmollekha to nahIM huA hai, kintu unake cAturyAma kA ullekha milatA hai| hindU aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhale hI pArzvanAtha kA nAmollekha upalabdha nahIM hotA ho, kintu prAcIna stara ke aneka jaina AgamoM, yathA-AcArAMgasUtra', sUtrakRtAMgasUtra', samavAyAMgasUtra, vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra', Avazyakaniyukti', RSibhASita', kalpasUtra tathA tiloyapaNNatti' Adi meM pArzvanAtha evaM unake anuyAyiyoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| 1. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 745 2. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2171845 3. samavAyAMgasUtra, 38 / 234 4. vyAkhyAprajJaptisatra, 9 / 32 / 51 (2) 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 12 6. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 221, 224, 231 7. isibhAsiyAI, adhyayana 31 8. kalpasUtram, 148-160 9. tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 548, 576, 116

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 21 bAlyAvasthA meM pArzvanAtha kI karuNA kA eka marmasparzI dRSTAnta hameM kaI jaina graMthoM meM milatA hai| unameM pArzva ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha tApasa kamaTha se hue unake vivAda aura nAga ke uddhAra kI ghaTanA bhI ullikhita hai| yadyapi pArzvanAtha ke jIvanavRtta kA ullekha karane vAle prAcIna Agama samavAyAMgasUtra, kalpasUtra aura Avazyakaniyukti meM isa ghaTanA kI kahIM koI carcA nahIM huI hai, kintu caupanamahApuruSacaritra', pArzvanAthacaritra tathA uttarapurANa' meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vivekazanya tapasyA karate hue jaba tApasa kamaTha agnikuNDa meM lakkar3a Adi ko jalA rahA thA to rAjakumAra pArzva ne usameM eka sarpa ko lakar3o ke sAtha jalate hue dekhA, sarpa ko jalatA dekhakara rAjakumAra pArzva kA hRdaya karuNA se dravita ho gayA aura unhoMne usa tApasa se kahA- "he tapasvI ! yaha kaisA ajJAna tapa hai, dayA ke binA bhI kahIM dharma hai ?" tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA gRhasthAvasthA meM hI isa prakAra kI dharmakrAnti karane kA yaha dRSTAnta advitIya hai| vastutaH pArzvanAtha ne vivekazanya dehadaNDana rUpa tapa karane kA virodha kiyA aura tapa ke sAtha jJAna aura ahiMsA ko samanvita kiyA / mahAvIra : . vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke caubIsaveM aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra mAne jAte haiM / 5 mahAvIra kA janma I0 pU0 599 caitra zuklA trayodazI ko rAtri ke antima prahara meM huA thaa| inake pitA rAjA siddhArtha aura mAtA trizalAdevI thoM / inakA janma sthAna kuNDapura grAma mAnA jAtA hai| .. mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM aneka bAtoM meM matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA kA mAnanA hai ki mahAvIra kA jIva sarvaprathama brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha meM AyA thA, tatpazcAt indra ke Adeza se hariNagamezadeva ke dvArA unakA garbha siddhArtha 1. cauppanamahApurisacariyaM, 262 2. pAsanAhacariu, 10 / 13 / 110-112 3. uttarapurANa, 73 / 96-117 . 4. bhagavAna pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 115-116 5. samavAyAMgasUtra, 24 / 160 6. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, pUrva pR0 20 7. kalpasUtram, 25

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22 : janadharma ke sampradAya kI patnI trizalA kI kukSi meM pratisthApita kiyA gyaa| mahAvIra ke garbhastha jIva ko isa prakAra pratisthApita karane kA ullekha digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM milatA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke garbha pratisthApana kI mAnyatA sirpha zvetAmbara paramparA ko hI mAnya hai, digambara paramparA ko yaha mAnyatA svIkAra nahIM hai| __ mahAvIra ke vivAha prasaMga ko lekara bhI donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| digambara paramparA kA mAnanA hai ki mahAvIra ke samakSa vivAha kA prastAva AyA jarUra thA, kintu apanI vItarAgI vRtti ke kAraNa unhoMne vivAha prastAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura avivAhita hI rhe| kintu zvetAmbara paramparA kA kahanA hai ki mahAvIra ne svayaM to vivAha prastAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA, kintu mAtA-pitA ke Agraha ke kAraNa unhoMne yazodA nAmaka parama sundarI se vivAha kiyA thaa| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke mAnya grantha AcArAMgasUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha evaM kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra kI patnI yazodA, putrI priyadarzanA aura dohitrI zezavatI ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM / 2 jo isa tathya ke sUcaka haiM ki unakA vivAha huA thaa| cAhe AcArAMgasUtra evaM kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra ke vivAha kI ghaTanA kA spaSTa varNana nahIM huA ho, kintu AcArAMgasUtra meM mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta kA varNana karate samaya "viNNAya-pariNayae" (vijJAta-pariNaya) zabda prayukta huA hai, vaha spaSTataH mahAvIra ke vivAha sampanna hone ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai, kyoMki isake Age isI graMtha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ve bAlabhAva se mukta hokara udAsIna hokara pA~coM iMdriyoM ke sukha bhogane lge|" yaha kathana bhI mahAvIra ke vivAha sampanna hone kA ho sUcaka hai| mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 527 meM 72 varSa kI Ayu meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA kI rAtri ke antima prahara meM huaa|" isa sambandha meM donoM paramparAyeM ekamata haiN| 1. kalpasUtram, 21-27 2. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 744 (kha) kalpasUtram, 108-109 3. AcArAMgasatra, 2015 / 742 4. vahI, 2 / 15 / 742 5. caubIsa tIrthakara eka paryavekSaNa, pR0 155-156

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 23 mahAvIra ke samaya meM andhavizvAsoM evaM pAkhaNDoM ke sAtha-sAtha samAja meM varNabheda kI samasyA bhI thii| eka ora mahAvIra ne usa samaya ke pracalita andhavizvAsoM aura pAkhaNDoM ko dUra karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA to dUsarI ora samAja meM vyApta varNabheda ko samApta karane kA prazaMsanIya kArya bhI unhoMne hI kiyA thaa| mahAvIra kA sampUrNa jIvana adamya sAhasa, tapa-tyAga aura sAdhanA se ota-prota rahA hai| vividha jaina granthoM meM aise aneka dRSTAnta dekhane ko milate haiM jinase mahAvIra ke viziSTa vyaktitva kA bodha hotA hai| mahAvIrakAlIna jainadharma : ___ mahAvIra ke samaya meM jainadharma kI kyA sthiti thI? isa para carcA karane se pahale yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki usa samaya kI sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sthiti kyA thI? kyoMki koI bhI dharma apane samaya ko sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sthitiyoM se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahatA hai| mahAvIra ke samaya bhAratIya samAja para zramaNa paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNa paramparA kA bho vyApaka prabhAva thaa| usa kAla meM yajJa, havana Adi dhArmika anuSThAna hote rahate the, jinameM pazubali hI nahIM narabali taka bhI dI jAtI thii| samAja meM bahupatnoprathA' tathA dahejaprathA jaisI aneka sAmAjika kurItiyA~ evaM mAnavIya svabhAvagata durbalatAeM carama sImA para thiiN| mAnavavRtti tapa-tyAga se haTakara bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM meM hI Ananda kA anubhava kara rahI thii| aise samaya meM mahAvIra para yaha dAyitva AyA ki eka ora to ve ina kuprathAoM kA nirAkaraNa kareM aura dUsarI ora ve aise siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kareM jisase yaha sambhava ho sake ki vyakti bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM se vilaga rahakara tyAgamaya sAdhanApUrNa jIvana zailI dvArA adhikAdhika AtmazAnti ajita kara ske| - mahAvIra ne apanI samasAmayika paristhitiyoM ko dekhakara samAja meM pracalita kuprathAoM ko samApta karane ke lie usa samaya kI janabhASA (prAkRta ) meM apanA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne RSabhadeva kI durdhara sAdhanA, ariSTanemi kI ahiMsA evaM karuNA tathA pArzvanAtha kI vivekazIlatA ko apane AcAra-darzana kA AdhAra bnaayaa| eka ora jahA~ unhoMne apane 1. uvAsagadasAo, 7 / 233 3. vahI, 8234

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'24 : jainadharma ke sampradAya samaya meM krAntikArI kadama uThAkara vibhinna andhavizvAsoM evaM sAmAjika .. kurItiyoM ko samApta kiyA vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne apanI anekAntika dRSTi ke dvArA dArzanika matamatAntaroM meM samanvaya kiyaa| ___ mahAvIra ne jisa samaya apane dharma saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI usa samaya aura bhI aneka dharmAcAryoM ke dharmasaMgha vidyamAna the| usa samaya pArzva, rAmaputta, prakudhakAtyAyana, maMkhali gozAlaka, saMjayavelaTThiputra, ajitakezakambala tathA buddha Adi ke zramaNa saMgha astitva meM the| inake atirikta aneka brAhmaNa parivrAjaka bhI apane-apane ziSya maMDala ke sAtha vicaraNa kara rahe the| aise samaya meM ahiMsA-aparigraha Adi kI kaThora sAdhanA tathA anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda jaisI samanvayAtmaka dArzanika paddhati se mahAvIra ne jainadharma ko sarvocca sthAna para lAkara sthApita kara diyaa| jo zramaNasaMgha usa samaya vidyamAna the unameM se boddhoM aura AjIvikoM ko chor3akara sabhI zramaNa-saMgha kAlAntara meM nAmazeSa ho ge| yahA~ taka ki IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI taka to bhArata meM AjIvaka bhI nAmazeSa ho gae / bauddha dharma yadyapi bhArata ke bAhara adhika pallavita huA kintu bhArata meM to lagabhaga 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda vaha bhI samApta prAyaH ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra jahA~ bhArata meM anya zramaNa paramparAyeM apane astitva ko kho raho thIM, vahIM jainadharma apane vyApaka siddhAntoM evaM udAtta AdarzoM ke kAraNa prAcInakAla se Aja taka prANavAn banA rahA / kAla ke prabhAva se jainadharma kI adhyAtmapUrNa AcAra-saMhitA prabhAvita to huI hai, kintu usake mUla svarUpa meM koI antara nahIM AyA hai| tIthaMkaroM meM mAnyatA bheda : jainoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke AcAra meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM rahA hai, kintu madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko AcAra-sambandhI mAnyatAe~ inase bhinna raho haiN| upalabdha srotoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki AcAragata yaha bhinnatA bhI akAraNa nahIM hai varan vaha usa yuga ke mAnava svabhAva ke vaiziSTya para AdhArita rahI hai| jaisA ki hama vyavahAra meM bhI dekhate haiM koI vyakti saralacitta vAlA hotA hai to koI vakra cittavAlA ( kapaTo), koI vyakti prAjJa hotA hai to koI muuddh'| tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza ko bhinnatA bhI mAnava svabhAva ko bhinnatA para AdhArita raho hai|

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 25 zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM vibhinna tIrthakaroM ke samaya kA mAnava svabhAva isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai - "purimA ujjujaDA u, vakkajaDA ya pacchimA / majjhimA ujjupaNNA u, teNa dhamme duhA kae / "1 arthAt prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya manuSya sarala kintu manda buddhi vAle the tathA antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM manuSya kuTila evaM maMdabuddhi vAle the aura (pAzrva Adi) madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM manuSya sarala aura samajhadAra hote the| ataH unako AcAragata mAnyatAeM bhI bhinna-bhinna huii| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke samaya kA mAnava svabhAva pArzva Adi madhyavartI 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya ke mAnava svabhAva se bhinna thaa| mahAvora aura RSabhadeva ke samaya ke mAnava svabhAva meM AMzika samAnatA aura AMzika bhinnatA donoM thii| digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya granya mUlAcAra meM vibhinna tIthaMkaroM ke samaya kA mAnava svabhAva isa prakAra ullikhita hai "majjhimayA diDhabuddhi eyaggamaNA amohalakkhA ya / tarA hu jahmAcaraMti taM garahaMtA vi sujjhati / / purimacarimAdu jahmA calacittA ceva mohalakkhA ya / to savvapaDikkamaNaM aMdhalayaghoDaya dilNto|"2 ..' arthAt madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM mAnava dRr3hadhuddhi vAle, ekAgramana vAle tathA amUDhamana vAle hote the, kintu RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM mAnava calacitta vAle tathA mUDhamana vAle hote the / yahI kAraNa thA ki tIrthaMkaroM ke AcAra-niyamoM meM bhinnatAeM rhiiN| pAva aura mahAvora ko mAnyatA meM bheda : zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paraMparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko AcAragata mAnyatAe~ eka-sI batalAI gaI haiM, isa. lie hama pArzva ko una sabakA pratinidhi mAnakara yahA~ carcA kreNge| iso prakAra RSabha aura mahAvIra kI AcAragata mAnyatAe~ bhI lagabhaga samAna rahI haiM isalie hama mahAvIra ko unakA pratinidhi mAnakara yahA~ pArzva 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 26 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 631, 632

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26 : jainadharma ke sampradAya aura mahAvIra kI AcAragata mAnyatAoM ke bheda ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kreNge| 1. sacelakatva aura acelakatva : __ jaina paraMparA meM Aja zvetAMbara aura digaMbara-ye jo do bhinna rUpa pAye jAte haiM, vaha vastutaH pArzva aura mahAvIra kI pRthaka-pRthaka paraMparA ke kAraNa hI hai / eka ora jahA~ pArzva sacela (savastra) paraMparA ke poSaNa haiM vahIM dUsarI ora mahAvIra acela (nirvastra) paraMparA ke poSaka haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke kezI-gotama saMvAda meM mahAvIra ko acela dharma kA aura pArzva ko sacela dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai|' __sacelakatva aura acelakatva rUpa isa dvividha kalpa ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue pro0 sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pArzva kI vastra vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM "santarUttaro" zabda AyA hai| zvetAMbara AcAryoM ne isakA artha viziSTa mUlyavAn evaM bahuraMgI vastra kiyA hai, kintu yaha bAta isa zabda ke mUla artha se saMgati nahIM rakhatI hai| yadi hama isa zabda ke mUla artha ko dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki isakA artha kisI bhI sthiti meM raMgona athavA mUlyavAn vastra nahIM hai| isakA spaSTa artha hai-antaravAsaka aura uttarIya / isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki. pArzvaparaMparA ke sAdhu eka antaravAsaka aura eka uttarIya athavA oDhane kA vastra rakhate the| eka zATakadhArI nirgranthoM ke jo ullekha mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM milate haiM, ve mahAvIra aura pArzva kI vicAradhArA ke samanvaya kA hI pariNAma hai| 2. cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata : pArva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa antara cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma kA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra', sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMgasUtra", uttarAdhyayanasUtra', Avazyakaniyukti aura RSibhASita 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 28-33 2. arhat pArzva aura unako paramparA, pR0 28-30 3. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 27 / 872 4. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 / 136 5. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 21-27 7. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 236 8. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 27 Adi granthoM meM aisA ullekha hai ki pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma tathA mahAvIra ne paMcamahAvrata rUpa dharma kI prarUpaNA ko thii| samavAyAMgasUtra meM ullikhita pArzva ke cAturyAma se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArzva kI paraMparA meM parigraha vrata meM hI brahmacarya vrata samAhita thA / jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM puNDarIka dvArA cAturyAma dharma svokAra karane kA kathana ullikhita hai / ' rAjapraznoyasUtra meM aisA ullekha hai ki kezIkumAra zramaga ne cittasArathI ko cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyaa| jJAtavya hai ki kezIkumAra zramaNa pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyo mAne jAte haiN| 3. pratikramaNa prarUpaNA kI bhinnatA: mahAvIra kI paraMparAnusAra dainika kArya karate hue jAne-anajAne meM bhI koI doSa lagA ho athavA na lagA ho, to bhI pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvo ko prAtaHkAla evaM sAyaMkAla niyamita rUpa se pratikramaNa karanA hI hotA hai, kintu pArzva ko paramparA meM koI doSa lagane para hI pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna thaa| pArzva aura mahAvIra kI pratikramaNa prarUpaNA saMbaMdhI ukta mAnyatA bheda ko puSTi zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM se ho jAtI hai| ___ zvetAmbara paraMparA ke mAnya grantha sUtrakRtAMgasUtra vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM tathA digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha mUlAcAra meM mahAvIra ke dharma ko sapratikramaNa dharma batalAyA gayA hai| 1. jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 19 / 23 2. rAjapraznIyasUtra, 219 3. "tubbhaM aMtie cAujjAmAto dhammAto paMcamahavvatiyaM / . sapaDikkamaNaM dhammaM uvasaMpajjittANaM viharittae // " -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/7/872 . 4. "sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittANaM viharai / " -vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 1/9/23 (2) 5. "sapaDikkamaNo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / majhimayANaM jiNANaM kAraNajAe paDikkamaNaM // " -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1258 6. "saparikkamaNo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jinnss| avarAhe paDikkamaNaM majjhimayANaM jiNavarANaM // " -mUlAcAra, gAthA 628

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28 : jainadharma ke sampradAya isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paraMparAoM ne mahAvIra evaM pArzva kI mAnyatA meM pratikramaNa saMbaMdhI yaha bheda samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| 4. sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA bheda : pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparA meM eka mahatvapUrNa antara yaha thA ki mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA upadeza diyA thA, jabaki pArzva ne mAtra sAmAyika cAritra kA upadeza diyA thaa| isa kathana ke samarthana meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha Avazyakaniyukti tathA digambaraM paramparA ke mAnya grantha mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai "bAvIsaM titthayarA sAmAiyasaMjamaM uvaisati / __ cheovaTThAvaNayaM puNa vayanti usabho ya vIro y|"1 cAritra ke pAMca prakAroM meM se pahalA prakAra sAmAyika cAritra hai tathA dUsarA chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai| isameM pUrvaparyAya kA chedana karake paMca mahAvratoM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| paraMparAgata rUpa meM sAmAyikasaMyama ko choTI dIkSA aura chedopasthApanIyasaMyama ko bar3I dIkSA kahA jAtA hai / 5. rAtri bhojana niSedha kA bheda : pArzva kI paraMparA meM rAtribhojana kA pracalana thA yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM yadyapi koI sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki mahAvIra ne rAtri bhojana kA pRthaka rUpa se niSedha kiyA thaa| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM rAtribhojana niSedha ko pAMca mahAvratoM ke samAna hI mahattva dekara chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| sambhava hai ki pArzva ke kAla taka rAtribhojana niSedha ahiMsA mahAvrata kI 'Alokita bhojana-pAna' nAmaka bhAvanA meM gRhIta rahA ho, kintu mahAvIra ne chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM ise mAnyatA dekara isa vrata ke mahatva ko sthApita kiyA thaa| 1. (ka) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1260 (kha) mUlAcAra, gAthA 535 2. 'se vAriyA itthi sarAibhattaM uvahANayaM dukkhayaTThayAe" --sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1 / 6 / 379 3. "icceiyAiM paMcamahanvayAi rAIbhoyaNaveramaNachaTThAi attahiyaThayAe / " -dazavakAlikasUtra, 4 / 17

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 29. 6. jyeSTha kalpa: __cAritra ( dIkSA ) meM bar3e ko jyeSTha kahate haiM aura jyeSTha ko vaMdana karanA jyeSTha kalpa hai| mahAvIra kI paramparA meM chedopasthApanIya cAritra ( bar3I dIkSA ) ke AdhAra para jyeSThatA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai jabaki pArzva ko paramparA meM sAmAyika cAritra ke AdhAra para hI sAdhuoM kI jyeSThatA kA nirdhAraNa ho jAtA thaa| unakI mAnyatA meM bar3I dIkSA ke AdhAra para koI bar3A nahIM hotA hai|' 7. mAsakalpa : pArzva kI paraMparA meM zramaNoM ke lie aisA koI niyama nahIM thA ki ve cAturmAsa ke atirikta kisI eka sthAna para eka mAha se adhika nahIM ThahareM, kintu mahAvora ne apane zramaNoM ke liye mAsakalpa kA vidhAna kara cAturmAsa ke atirikta anya samaya kisI sthAna para eka sAtha eka mAha se adhika Thaharane kA niSedha kara diyA thaa| 8. paryuSaNa kalpa: __ varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para rahanA paryuSaNa kalpa kahalAtA hai| pArzva kI paraMparA meM zramaNoM ke lie varSAkAla meM eka hI sthAna para rahanA Avazyaka nahIM thA, kintu mahAvIra ne paryuSaNa kalpa kA vidhAna kara apano paraMparA meM rahane vAle zramaNoM ko varSAkAla (ASAr3ha pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka) meM eka hI sthAna para rahane ke spaSTa nirdeza diye the| 9. rAjapiNDa kalpa: rAjA dvArA pradatta athavA rAjA ke liye banA huA bhojana grahaNa karanA rAjapiMDa hai| pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNa rAjapiNDa grahaNa kara * sakate the, kintu mahAvIra ne apanI paraMparA meM zramaNoM ke lie rAjapiNDa grahaNa karanA niSiddha kara diyA thaa| . pArzva aura mahAvIra kI mAnyatA saMbaMdhI bhedoM kI jo carcA hamane yahAM kI hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM jo bhI 1. paMcAzaka (haribhadrasUri), sUtra 823 2. vahI, sUtra 829 ... 3. vahI, sUtra 832 4. zrI jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, bhAga 3, pR. 237-238

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30 : jainadharma ke sampradAya bheda rahA hai vaha saba AcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko lekara hI hai| darzana viSayaka koI bheda ina donoM kI mAnyatAoM meM rahA ho, aisA hameM jJAta nahIM huA hai| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura zrImatI sTivensana bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparA ke ina matabhedoM ko hI jaina paraMparA meM sampradAya bheda kA kAraNa mAnate haiN|' yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra ne pArzva ko suvidhAvAdI AcAra-vyavasthA meM aneka saMzodhana evaM parivarddhanakara eka kaThora evaM suspaSTa AcAra-vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt jaina dharma ko sthiti : mahAvIra ke saMgha meM 14,000 zramaNa, 36,000 zramaNiyA~, 1,59,000 zrAvaka aura 3,18,000 zrAvikAe~ thiiN| upalabdha sUcanAoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA yaha saMgha adhika samaya taka saMgaThita nahIM raha sakA / mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI katipaya saiddhAntika evaM AcAra saMbaMdhI matabhedoM ke kAraNa yA guru-paramparA ke AdhAra para yaha saMgha vibhAjita ho gayA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka gaNa, zAkhAe~ evaM kula . astitva meM AyeM / abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM meM hameM unake sambandha meM jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| mahAvIra nirvANa ke samaya se lekara mahAvIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt taka jaina dharma meM vibhinna gaNa, kUla evaM zAkhAoM kI sthiti kyA thI tathA kauna-kauna AcArya hue the? isakI jAnakArI kA prAmANika AdhAra zvetAmbara paraMparA meM kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavavirAvalIyA~ haiM tathA digambara paramparA meM yaha jAnakArI unake dvArA mAnya prAcIna grantha tiloyapaNNatti meM ullikhita hai / kalpasUtra meM ullikhita AcAryoM ko nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai 1. gaNadhara gotama-mahAvIra kA parinirvANa hone para gaNadhara gotama ko kevalajJAna huA, ataH unhoMne saMgha saMcAlana kA samasta kArya Arya sudharmA ko sauMpa diyaa| gaNadhara gotama ghora tapasvI aura caudahapUrva granthoM ke jJAtA the| jJAtavya hai ki jaina sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga mahAvIra aura gotama ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM hI hai| 12 varSa jIvana-mukta (kevalo) avasthA meM rahakara 92 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara ve mukta hue the| digambara paramparA 1. paToriyA, zrImatI kusuma-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 2 2. kalpasUtram-sampA0 vinayasAgara, sUtra 133-136 3. vahI, sUtra 203-223 . .

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 31 ke anusAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 12 varSa taka gotama ne hI saMgha kA dAyitva saMbhAlA thaa| 2. Arya sudharmA-gaNadhara gotama ke pazcAt Arya sudharmAsvAmI ko AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gayA thaa| 3. Arya jambU-Arya jambU kA janma mahAvIra nirvANa ke 16 varSa pUrva huA thaa| ve 36 varSa kI Ayu meM jainasaMgha ke AcArya bane / vI0 ni0 saM0 64 meM 80 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake ve svargavAsI hue| 4. Arya prabhavasvAmI-Arya jambU ke pazcAt Arya prabhavasvAmI AcArya bane the| 105 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake ve svargavAsI hue / 5. Arya zayyaMbhava-Arya prabhavasvAmI ke paTTadhara Arya zayyaMbhava 85 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake vI0 ni0 saM0 98 meM svargavAsI hue| 6. Arya yazobhadra-Arya zayyaMbhava ke pradhAna ziSya Arya yazobhadra 86 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake vI0 ni0 saM0 148 meM svargavAsI hue| 7. Arya saMbhUtivijaya-Arya yazobhadra ke uttarAdhikArI Arya saMbhUtivijaya 90 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake vI0ni0 saM0 156 meM svargavAsI 8.Arya bhadrabAha-paMcamazrutakevalo ke rUpa meM vikhyAta AryabhadrabAha svAmo caudahapUrva granthoM ke jJAtA the| unakA svargavAsa vI0ni0 saM0 170 meM haa| 9. Arya sthulibhadra-Arya sthulibhadra mahApaMDita ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| vI0 ni0 saM0 215 meM 99 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake Apa svargavAsI hue| 10. Arya mahAgiri-Arya mahAgiri una tapasvI the tathA unheM dasa pUrva granthoM kA jJAna thaa| 100 varSa ko Ayu pUrNa karake Apa vI0ni0 saM0 245 meM svargavAsI hue| 11. Arya suhastI-Arya mahAgiri ke bAda Arya suhastI AcArya bane the| Apa bhI 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake vI0 ni0 saM0 291 meM svargavAsI hue| 12. Arya susthita-Arya suhastI ke paTTadhara Arya susthita 96 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake vo0 ni0 saM0 339 meM svargavAsI hue| .. .bArya sumatipara-Arya suhasto ke pazcAt Arya supratibaddha AcArya bne|

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. 32 : jainadharma ke sampradAya - 14. Arya indradinna-Arya supratibaddha ke pazcAt yugapradhAna AcArya ke rUpa meM Arya indradinna kA nAma mAnA jAtA hai| 15. Arya kAlaka-Arya kAlaka kA dUsarA nAma zyAmAcArya hai| inheM prajJApanAsUtra kA kartA mAnA jAtA hai| ApakA janma vI0 ni0 saM0 280 meM huA thA tathA vI0 ni0 saM0 376 meM Apa svargavAsI hue| 16. Arya siMhagiri-Arya kAlaka ke paTTadhara Arya siMhagiri mAne . jAte haiN| 17. Arya vajrasvAmI-Arya vajrasvAmI kA janma vI0 ni0.saM. 496 meM huA thaa| 88 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karake Apa.vI. ni0 saM0 584 meM svargavAsI hue| 18. Aryavajrasena-vajrasvAmI ke pazcAt Arya vanasena yugapradhAna AcArya hue the| 19. Arya rakSita-Arya vajrasena ke paTTadhara Arya rakSita vI0 ni0saM0 597 meM svargavAsI hue| vIra nirvANa saM0 597 se vIra nirvANa saM0 980 taka ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI bhI kalpasUtra meM ullikhita hai, kintu vIra nirvANa saM0 609 meM saMgha bheda ho gayA thA ataH usake bAda kI nAmAvalI hama yahAM nahIM de rahe haiN| kalpasUtra meM ina AcAryoM ke nAmoM ke atirikta inakI paramparA meM hue, zAkhA evaM kula bhedoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya graMtha nandIsUtra meM bhI Arya sudharmA se lekara Arya duSyagaNi taka ke AcAryoM kA ullekha huA hai|' isameM brahmadIpaka zAkhA ke atirikta kisI bhI gaNa, kula athavA zAkhA Adi kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM gaNoM, zAkhAoM evaM kuloM ke ullekha nimnAnusAra haiM___ kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Arya yazobhadra ke ziSya Arya bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSya hue, unameM se Arya godAsa se godAsa gaNa niklaa| usa godAsa gaNa kI cAra zAkhAyeM huI-(1) tAmraliptikA, (2) koTivarSikA, (3) pauNDravarddhanikA aura (4) dAsIkharbaTikA / Arya yazobhadra ke 1. nandIsUtra, gAthA 22-31 2. kalpasUtra, anu0 AryA sajjana zrI jI ma0, prakA0 zrI jaina sAhitya samiti, kalakattA, patra 334-345

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 33 dUsare ziSya sambhUtivijaya ke bAraha ziSya hue, unameM se Arya sthUlibhadra ke do ziSya hue-(1) Arya mahAgiri aura (2) Arya suhasti / Arya mahAgiri ke sthavira uttarabalissaha Adi ATha ziSya hue, inameM sthavira uttarabalissaha se uttarabalissahagaNa niklaa| isa uttarabalissaha gaNa kI bhI cAra zAkhAeM huI--(1) kozAmbikA, (2) sUktamuktikA, (3) kauTumbikA aura (4) cndrnaagrii| ___ Arya suhasti ke Arya rohaNa Adi bAraha ziSya hue, unameM kAzyapagotrIya Arya rohaNa se 'uddeha' nAmaka gaNa huaa| usa gaNa ko bhI cAra zAkhAe~ huI-(1) audumbarikA, (2) mAsapUrikA, (3) matipatrikA aura (4) puurnnptrikaa| uddehagaNa ko uparokta cAra zAkhAoM ke atirikta chaha kula bhI hue-(1) nAgabhUtika, (2) somabhUtika, (3) Agaccha, (4) hastaloya, (5) nandIya aura (6) paarihaasik| ___ Arya suhasti ke anya ziSya sthavira zrIgupta se cAraNagaNa niklaa| cAraNagaNa kI cAra zAkhAeM huI-(1) haritamAlAkArI, (2) saMkAziyA, (3) gavedhukA aura (4) vjrnaagrii| cAraNagaNa kI cAra zAkhAoM ke atirikta sAta kula bhI hue-(1) vastralAya, (2) prItidhArmika, (3) hAlIya, (4) puSpamaitrIya, (5) mAlIya, (6) Arya ceTaka aura (7) kRssnnsh| ____ Arya suhasti ke hI anya ziSya sthavira bhadrayaza se uDuvATikagaNa nikalA, usakI cAra zAkhAe~ huI-(1) campikA, (2) bhadrikA, (3) kArkadikA aura (4) mekhlikaa| uDuvATikagaNa kI cAra zAkhAoM ke atirikta tIna kula hue-(1) bhadrayazaska, (2) bhadraguptika aura (3) yshobhdrik| - Arya suhasti ke anya ziSya sthavira kAmaddhi se vezavATikagaNa .nikalA, usakI bhI cAra zAkhAe~ huI-(1) zrAvastikA, (2) rAjyapAlikA, (3) antarijikA aura (4) kssemlijjikaa| vezavATikagaNa ke kula bhI cAra hue-(1) gaNika, (2) medhika, (3) kAddhika aura (4) indrapuraka / - Arya suhasti ke hI eka anya ziSya sthavira tiSyagupta se mAnavagaNa nikalA, usakI cAra zAkhAe~ huI-(1) kAzyapIyakA, (2) gautamIyakA, (3) vaziSTikA aura (4) saurASTrikA / mAnavagaNa ke tona kula bhI hue. (1) RSiguptiya, (2) RSidattika aura (3) abhijayaMta / Arya suhasti ke ho do anya ziSyoM susthita aura supratibuddha se koTikagaNa nikalA,

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. 34 : jainadharma ke sampradAya usakI bhI cAra zAkhAe~ huI--(1) uccai garI, (2) vidyAdharI, (3) vajrI aura (4) maadhymikaa| isa koTikagaNa ke cAra kula the-(1). brahmalIya, (2) vastralIya, (3) vANijya tathA (4) prshnvaahn| . ___ sthavira susthita evaM supratibuddha ke pAMca ziSya hue, unameM se sthavira priyagrantha se koTikagaNa kI madhyamAzAkhA niklii| sthavira vidyAdhara gopAla se vidyAdharI zAkhA niklii| sthavira Arya zAnti zreNika se uccana garI zAkhA niklii| sthavira Arya zAntizreNika ke cAra ziSya hae-(1) sthavira Arya zreNika, (2) sthavira Arya tApasa, (3) sthavira Arya kubera aura (4) sthavira Arya RSipAlita / ina cAroM ziSyoM se kramazaH cAra zAkhAe~ nikalIM-(1) Arya zreNikA, (2) Arya tApasI, (3) Arya kuberI aura (4) Arya Rssipaalitaa| sthavira Arya siMhagiri ke cAra ziSya hue-(1) sthavira Arya dhanagiri, (2) sthavira Arya vajra (3) sthavira Arya sumita aura (4) sthavira Arya ahahata / sthavira Arya sumitasUri se brahmadIpikA tathA sthavira Arya vajrasvAmI se vajrozAkhA niklii| Arya vajrasvAmI ke tIna ziSya hue(1) sthavira Arya vajrasena, (2) sthavira Arya padma aura (3) sthavira Aryaratha / ina tInoM se kramazaH tIna zAkhAe~ nikalIM-(1) Arya nAgilA, (2) Arya padmA aura (3) Arya jyntii| mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt kI AcArya paramparA kA jo ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya granthoM meM huA hai, vaha usI rUpa meM digambara paramparA ko mAnya nahIM hai| digambara vicAradhArA ko prastuta karane vAle prAcIna grantha tiloyapaNNatti meM mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAtvartI AcAryoM ko nAmAvalI kramazaH isa prakAra ullikhita hai-(1) gotama, (2) sudharmA, (3) jambU, (4) viSNu, (5) nandimitra, (6) aparAjita, (7) govarddhana, (8) bhadrabAhu (prathama), (9) vizAkhAcArya, (10) proSThila, (11) kSatriya (kRtikArya), (12) jayasena, (13) nAgasena, (14) siddhArtha, (15) dhRtasena, (16) vijaya (vijayasena ), (17) buddhiliMga, (18) deva (gaMgadeva ), (19) dharmasena, (20) kSatra, (21) jayapAla, (22) pANDu, (23) dhruvasena, (24) kaMsa, (25) subhadra, (26) yazobhadra, (27) bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) / tiloyapaNNatti meM ina AcAryoM kA samaya vI0 ni0 saM0 12 se vo0 1. tiloyapatti , 4 / 1478-1504

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jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 35 ni0 saM0 565 taka batalAyA gayA hai| ukta grantha meM ina AcAryoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha-sAtha inake pUrva evaM aMga Agama sambandhI jJAna kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| ___ zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya AcAryoM kI ina nAmAvaliyoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM prArambhika tona AcArya gaNadhara gotama, Arya sudharmA aura Arya jambU ke nAma samAna rUpa se mAnya haiM, tatpazcAt Arya viSNu, Arya yazobhadra, Arya bhadrabAhu Adi ke kucha nAmoM meM samAnatA to hai, kintu krama Adi bhinna haiN| isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki AcAryoM ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM bhinnatA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM meM vI0 ni0 saM0 600 ke pUrva taka jainadharma meM kisI prakAra ke sampradAya vibhAjana kI koI carcA nahIM huI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnanA cAhie ki usa samaya taka jainadharma vividha sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita nahIM huA, yadyapi gaNa, kula evaM zAkhA Adi ke bheda astitva meM A gaye the| isa prakAra yaha vidita hotA hai ki jainadharma meM sampradAya bahalatA paravartI vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka dhArmika evaM AcAra sambandhI jo-jo bhI parivartana hue haiM, ve sabhI parivartana tIrthaMkaroM evaM AcAryoM kI dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para vikasita hokara hue haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki parivartana cAhe dhArmika ho, AcAra sambandhI ho athavA saMgha vyavasthA sambandhI ho, ve dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM evaM pArasparika prabhAva se prabhA'vita hote haiM / prastuta adhyAya meM diye gaye vivecana se yaha parilakSita hotA ki jaina dharmadarzana aura AcAra sthira na hokara gatizIla ( Dynamic ) * rahe haiN|

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dvitIya adhyAya jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla meM tathA unake pazcAt nirgrantha paramparA meM jo bhI matabheda yA mAnyatA bheda hue tathA unake pariNAma svarUpa jo vibhinna sampradAya aura upasampradAya astitva meM Aye, unako jAnane kA. prathama AdhAra jaina Agama aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya hai / Agama evaM Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke atirikta anya Agametara sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se paTTAvaliyA~ evaM eka-dUsare sampradAyoM ke khaNDana-maNDana hetu likhe gaye grantha evaM una sabakI hastalikhita pratiyoM kI anta kI prazastiyAM bhI hameM isa viSayaka jAnakArI pradAna karatI haiM kyoMki unameM bhI lekhaka yA pratilipikAra apane sampradAya, gaccha tathA guru-paramparA kA ullekha kara dete haiN| isake sAtha hI jaina paramparA meM upalabdha jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyA~, jaina guphAe~, jaina abhilekha tathA jaina citrakalA se bhI jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM ke sambandha meM aitihAsika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya : jaina Agama sAhitya mukhya rUpa se aMga, upAMga, cheda, cUlikA, mUla aura prakIrNaka granthoM meM vibhakta hai| aMga Agama 11 mAne gae haiM- (1) AcArAMga, (2) sUtrakRtAMga, (3) sthAnAMga, (4) samavAyAMga, (5) vyAkhyAprajJapti, (6) jJAtAdharmakathAMga, (7) upAsakadazAMga, (8) antakRtadazAMga, (9) anuttaraupapAtikasUtra, (10) praznavyAkaraNa aura (11) vipAkasUtra / upAMga grantha 12 mAne gae haiM-(1) aupapAtika, (2) rAjapraznIya, (3) jIvAjovAbhigama, (4) prajJApanA, (5) sUryaprajJapti, (6) jambUdvIpaprajJapti, (7) candraprajJapti, (8) nirayAvalikA, (9) kalpAvataMsikA, (10) puSpikA, (11) puSpacUlA aura (12) vRssnnidshaa| chedasUtra 6 mAne gae haiM-(1) AcAradazA, (2) kalpa, (3) vyavahAra, (4) nizotha, (5) mahAnizItha aura (6) jiivklp| cUlikAsUtra 2 mAne gae haiM-(1) nandI aura (2) anuyogadvAra / mUlasUtra 4 mAne gae haiM-(1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) dazavaikAlika, (3) Avazyaka aura (4) piNDaniyukti / prakIrNaka mAne gae

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jaina sampradAryoM ke aitihAsika srota : 37 haiM-(1) catuHzaraNa, (2) AturapratyAkhyAna, (3) bhaktaparijJA, (4) saMstAraka, (5) taMdulavaicArika, (6) candravedhyaka, (7) devendrastava (8) gaNividyA, (9) mahApratyAkhyAna aura (10) vIrastava / AgamoM ke upayukta vargIkaraNa meM jaina AgamoM kI jo saMkhyA aura nAma batalAe gae haiM unake sandarbha meM jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAya ekamata nahIM haiM / aMga aura upAMga grantha zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko samAna rUpa se mAnya haiM, kintu 6 chedasUtroM ko zvetAmbara paramparA kA mUrtipUjaka sampradAya hI mAnya karatA hai / sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya prArambhika 4 chedasUtroM ko to mAnya karate haiM, kintu antima do chedasUtra ina donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya nahIM haiN| nando aura anuyogadvAra nAmaka donoM cUlikAsUtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko mAnya haiM kintu sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI inheM mUlasUtroM ke antargata rakhate haiM / mUlasUtroM ke sambandha meM vibhinna AcAryoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAe~ haiN| kucha AcAryoM ne uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, oghaniyukti evaM piNDaniyukti ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai tathA kucha AcAryoM ne uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika evaM piNDaniyukti ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| sthAnakavAsI tathA terApaMthI sampradAyoM ne piNDaniyukti athavA oghaniyukti ko mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM kiyA hai| dasa prakIrNakoM ko yadyapi zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ne mAnya kiyA hai tathApi unake nAma evaM krama meM bhinnatA hai jisakI carcA hamane apanI pustaka 'dIvasAgarapaNNatti . paiNNayaM' kI bhUmikA meM vistArapUrvaka kI hai|' sampUrNa jaina Agama sAhitya ko sampradAyagata mAnyatA kI dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAyoM ko battIsa Agama mAnya haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke kucha gaccha paiMtAlIsa Agama mAnate haiM tathA kucha gaccha caurAsI Agama bhI mAnane haiM / digambara paramparA AgamoM ke astitva ko svIkAra to karatI hai, kintu unake matAnusAra sabhI Agama vilupta ho gae haiN| unake sthAna para zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita kucha granthoM jaisekaSAyaprAbhRta, SaTkhaNDAgama evaM kundakunda ke granthoM ko ve Agama tulya mAnate haiN| ve apane sAhitya ko prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga tathA dravyAnuyoga-ina cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| 1. dIvasAgarapaNNatti paiNNaya, bhUmikA pRSTha 4-5

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38 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ___ aMga, upAMga, cheda, cUlikA, mUla aura prakIrNaka graMthoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, samavA- . yAMgasUtra, vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, rAjapraznIyasUtra tathA uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi . meM pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparA ke mAnyatA bhedoM ko jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM hameM mahAvIra se alaga hue niyativAdI vicAraka gozAlaka tathA mahAvIra ke jAmAtA jamAli ke dvArA kiye gae saMgha bheda kA bhI ullekha mila jAtA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAMgasUtra aura kalpasUtra Adi se hameM mahAvIra kI ziSya paramparA meM Age calakara jo gaNabheda hue, unakI sUcanAeM milatI haiN| jahA~ taka Agamika vyAkhyAoM kA prazna hai unameM niyukti tathA bhASya sAhitya se hameM sAta nihnavoM aura boTika mata ko utpatti ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / isake atirikta Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se caNiyoM aura TIkAoM se hameM na kevala mahAvIra kI saMgha vyavasthA meM hue matabhedoM kI sUcanA milatI hai apitu mahAvIra ke saMgha meM hue AcAra-vicAragata parivartanoM kI bhI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai| isa prakAra Agama aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM kI utpatti aura vikAsa ke sandarbha meM mahatvapUrNa sUcanAeM pradAna karatA hai / jahA~ taka Agametara sAhitya kA prazna hai unameM caritakAvya mukhya haiM, inake atirikta stutiparaka, AcAramUlaka, sAdhanApradhAna tathA upadezAsmaka graMtha bhI paryApta rUpa se likhe gae haiM, inameM sAmAnyatayA sampradAya bheda Adi ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI to nahIM milatI hai, kintu ina granthoM kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM jo prazastiyA~ milatI haiM unameM vividha sampradAyoM kI guru-paramparA, gaccha, kula evaM anvaya Adi ke ullekha mila jAte haiM jo vividha sampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane meM sahAyaka haiN| ____ Agametara sAhitya meM aneka aise grantha bhI upalabdha hote haiM jinameM anya sampradAyoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai / isake sAtha hI jaina paramparA meM eka-dUsare sampradAya ke khaNDana-maNDana ke rUpa meM bhI vipula sAhitya nirmita huA hai| darzana saMbaMdhI vividha granthoM meM jahA~ digambara AcAryoM ne zvetAmbara AcAryoM ko strImukti evaM kevalibhukti sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA kI hai, vahIM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM usakA pratyuttara dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kucha kathA granthoM jaise vRhadakathAkoza Adi meM bhI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya ke

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jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota : 39 utpatti sambandhI kathAnaka diye gaye haiM / isa prakAra jaina sAhitya jainadharma ke vividha sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke itihAsa aura mAnyatAoM ko samajhane kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / jaina mUrtiyA~ : bhArata meM prAcInatama mUrtiyA~ sindhu sabhyatA ( I0 pU0 do-tIna hajAra varSa ) ke utkhanana se upalabdha huI haiN| pro0 yU0 po0 zAha likhate haiM"isa sabhyatA meM prApta mohanajodar3oM ke pazupati ko yadi zaiva dharma kA deva mAneM to har3appA se prApta nagna ghar3a ko digambara mata ko khaNDita pratimA mAnane meM Apatti nahIM honI caahie|' isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki do-tIna hajAra varSa I0pU0 meM bhI jainadharma kA astitva thaa| jaina paramparA meM mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI unakI candana kI eka pratimA kA nirmANa karane kA ullekha milatA hai, jinheM jIvantasvAmI ko saMjJA dI gaI hai| pro0 yU0pI0 zAha ne jIvantasvAmI kI do guptakAlIna kAMsya pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI kI haiN| jovantasvAmI kI mUrti kA ullekha sarvaprathama vasudevahiNDI (610 I0 ) meM milatA hai / jIvantasvAmI kI mUrti evaM usase sambandhita kathA kA ullekha jinadAsakRta AvazyakacUNi ( 676 I0), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( 1169-1172 I0) tathA kSamAzramaNa saMghadAsa racita bahatkalpabhASya Adi meM bhI milatA hai| jIvantasvAmI kI ina pratimAoM se yadyapi jainadharma ke vividha sampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa sambandhI jAnakArI to nahIM milatI hai tathApi inase itanA to sUcita hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM bhI unakI mUrtiyA~ banane lagI thiiN| ___ sarvaprathama hatthIgumphA abhilekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki jo jinapratimA * nandazAsaka ( I0 pU04thI zatI) ur3IsA se magadha le gayA thA, use khAravela (I0 pU0 prathama zatI) vApasa ur3IsA lekara aayaa|' tAtparya yaha - 1. sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, citraphalaka kramAMka 1 2. zAha, yU0 pI0-e yunika imeja oNpha jIvantasvAmI, jarnala oriyaNTala . insTITyUTa, bar3odA, khaNDa 1, aMka 1, pRSTha 72-79 - 3. vasudevahiNDI ( saMghadAsakRta ) khaNDa 1, pRSTha 252-325 4. tivArI, mArutinandanaprasAda, jaina mUrtikalA ko paramparA, kesarImalasurANA ' abhinandana graMtha, khaNDa 6, pRSTha 152 / 5. tivArI, mArutinandanaprasAda, pratimAvijJAna, pRSTha 17

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40: jainadharma ke sampradAya hai ki nandoM ke kAla (I0 pU0 caturtha zatAbdI) meM bhI jinapratimAe~ . banatI thiiN| lohAnIpura se eka jinapratimA prApta huI hai jo mauryakAlIna ('I0 pU0 3rI zatI) hai| mathurA meM bhI I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdI se hI lekha-yuvata jinapratimAe~ milane lagatI haiN| jaina sAhitya ke atirikta jaina mUrtiyA~ bhI vividha jaina sampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane meM sahAyaka haiN| 6ThI-7vIM zatAbdI se zvetAmbara aura digambara tIrthaGkara pratimAeM bhinna rUpoM meM banane lagI thiiN| unako lakSaNagata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha nirdhArita kara sakate haiM ki kauna-sI pratimA zvetAmbara hai aura kauna-sI digambara ? zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM jinapratimA ke cakSu khule hue pradarzita karane kI paramparA hai jabaki digambara paramparA meM jinapratimA ke cakSu arddha nimilita hI darzAye jAte haiN| paravartI zvetAmbara pratimAoM meM laMgoTa kA aMkana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdI se jo bhI zvetAmbara AcArya evaM muni pratimAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, una sabhI meM muniyoM ko colapaTTaka, uttarIya Adi ke sAtha dikhAyA jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai ki digambara paramparA kI kucha jinamUrtiyA~ jo gvAliyara kile para utkIrNa haiM, unake cakSu khule haiN| jinapratimAoM ke nIce jo abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM unase hameM mukhya rUpa se unake pratiSThAcAryoM evaM unake gaNa, kula, anvaya aura gaccha Adi kI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaina mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa abhilekha bhI jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke itihAsa ko samajhane ke mahattvapUrNa srota haiN| jinapratimAoM ke atirikta AcArya, upAdhyAya aura muni pratimAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| ina pratimAoM kI vezabhUSA evaM lakSaNagata vizeSatAoM se bhI hameM vibhinna sampradAyoM ko vikAsa kathA ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM vastra, pAtra Adi kA vikAsa kisa prakAra kramika rUpa se huA hai, yaha samajhane hetu mathurA kI muni pratimAe~ vizeSa upayogI haiN| mathurA kI ina pratimAoM meM hama pAte haiM ki eka ora muni nagna haiM to dUsarI ora usake hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA hai| isI prakAra eka anya muni pratimA meM hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki muni nagna hai kintu usake eka hAtha meM mayUra picchI tathA dUsare hAtha meM pAtra-yukta jholI bhI hai| sAtha hI ina prati1. jaina, DaoN0 sAgaramala-tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA, pRSTha 146

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jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota : 41 mAoM ke nIce gaNa, kula Adi ke jo vivaraNa ullikhita haiM, ve kalpasUtra kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra hI haiN| jaina mUrtiyoM ke isa samagra vivecana se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya kA jo bheda huA, vaha vastutaH eka kramika parivartana kA ho pariNAma hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina mUrtiyAM bhI jaina sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ke adhyayana ke mahattvapUrNa sAdhana haiN| jaina guphAeM evaM mandira : prAcIna kAla se hI jaina muni nagara-grAmAdi ke nikaTa sthita parvatoM, vanoM evaM guphAoM meM nivAsa karate the kyoMki aise sthala muniyoM kI sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hote haiM / prArambha meM muniyoM dvArA prAkRtika guphAoM ke zilApaTToM kA upayoga hI nivAsa evaM zayana hetu kiyA jAtA thA, kintu zanaiHzanaiH ina guphAoM ke AkAra evaM vistAra Adi meM vRddhi kI gayI aura isa prakAra mAnava nirmita guphAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| bhArata meM sabase prAcIna evaM prasiddha jaina guphAe~ barAbara evaM nAgArjunI kI pahAr3iyoM para sthita haiN| barAbara pahAr3I meM cAra tathA nAgArjunI pahAr3I meM tIna guphAeM haiM / barAbara kI guphAoM kA nirmANa samrATa azoka ne tathA nAgArjunI kI guphAoM kA nirmANa usake pautra dazaratha ne karavAyA thaa|' barAbara kI guphAoM meM brAhmI lipi meM aMkita ( 250 I0 pU0 ke ) lekha milate haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki samrATa azoka ne apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt ina guphAoM ko AjIvikoM ko dAna meM diyA thaa| nAgArjuna kI pahAr3I para jo guphAeM haiM, una para utkIrNa lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki unakA nirmANa 214 I0 pU0 meM huA thA / 2 I0 pU0 tIsarI zatI kI mauryakAlIna ina guphAoM ke pazcAt udayagiri tathA khaNDagiri parvatoM ko guphAe~ bhI paryApta rUpa se prAcIna mAnI gaI haiN| ina guphAoM meM prApta abhilekhoM se ye guphAeM I0 pU0 dvitIya zatI kI siddha hotI haiN| udayagiri ko 'hatyogumphA' guphA meM prAkRta bhASA meM eka suvistRta lekha utkIrNa hai, jisameM kaliMga nareza samrATa khAravela kA bAlyakAla se lekara 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 306 2. nAmadeva, DA0 zivakumAra-bhArata meM prAcIna jaina guphAe~, zramaNa, akTUbara . 1976 . .

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:42 : jainadharma ke sampradAya rAjyakAla ke 13 varSoM taka kA jIvana-vRta varNita hai|' samrATa khAravela ne 160 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga zAsana kiyA thA isalie. yahI samaya ina guphAoM kA bhI mAnanA upayukta hai| barAbara, nAgArjunI, udayagiri aura khaNDagiri kI ina guphAoM ke atirikta rAnIgumphA, gaNezagumphA, anantagumphA, rAjagiri kI guphAe~, bAdAmI kI guphAe~, dhArAziva kI guphAe~, ehola kI guphAe~, elorA kI guphAe~, aMkAI-taMkAI kI guphAe~, udayagiri ( vidizA) kI guphAe~, gvAliyara kile para sthita guphAe~, triMgalavAr3o dUrga para sthita guphA tathA sittanavAsala kI guphA Adi sabhI jaina guphAoM kA nirmANa kAla saMbhavataH pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya rahA hai, kyoMki isI avadhi ke abhilekha ina guphAoM meM utkIrNa milate haiN| ina guphAoM meM caTTAnoM para. deva maMdira, tIrthakara pratimAe~ evaM jaina sAdhuoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI aMkita haiN| jisase ve kisa sampradAya se sambandhita rahI haiM, isakI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai| barAbara tathA nAgArjunI kI guphAeM samrATa azoka tathA usake pautra dazaratha dvArA AjIvaka muniyoM ko dene hetu banavAI gaI thii| AjIvaka sampradAya yadyapi mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI eka pRthaka sampradAya bana gayA thA phira bhI aneka AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyA granthoM se prApta sUcanAoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki AjIvaka sampradAya kA udbhava evaM vilaya nirgrantha paramparA meM hI huA thaa| ___ jaina guphAoM kA sambandha mukhya rUpa se vanavAsI jaina AcAryoM se rahA hai, kintu jaba jaina muni evaM AcArya parvatoM evaM vanoM ke sthAna para nagaroM meM rahane lage to caityoM evaM mandiroM kA vikAsa haa| jo muni mandiroM yA caityoM meM rahane lage, ve caityavAsI khlaaye| lagabhaga I0 san ko tIsarI zatI meM vanavAsI aura caityavAsI-aisI do paramparAyeM bana gyiiN| unameM se caityavAso paramparA suvidhAvAdI bana gii| inhIM se Age calakara zvetAmbara paramparA meM yatiyoM evaM digambara paramparA meM bhaTTArakoM kA vikAsa huaa| jisa prakAra guphA-zilpa se hameM sampradAyoM ke sambandha koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai, usI prakAra mandira-zilpa se bhI sampradAyoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| mandiroM kI zilpa-zailo meM 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 307

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jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota : 43 jo bheda hai, vaha sampradAyoM ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu deza evaM kAla ke AdhAra para hai| jisa prakAra dakSiNa ke jaina mandira dAkSiNAtya zailI meM nirmita hue, usI prakAra uttara bhArata ke jaina mandira bhI nAgara zailI meM nirmita hue| sAmAnyatayA jisa pradeza meM hindU mandiroM kI jo zailI rahI use hI jaina AcAryoM ne apnaayaa| itanA avazya hai ki paravartI kAla meM jo amUrtipUjaka jaina sampradAya astitva meM Aye unake upAsanA sthala yA caitya mUrti rahita evaM sAmAnya AvAsoM kI zailI meM hI baneM / jaina abhilekha : ___ jaina dharma ke vividha sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana karane hetu jaina abhilekhoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pUrva meM hatthIgumphA', pazcima meM pUnAre, madhyakSetra meM pabhosA, bAralI aura vidizA, uttara meM mathurA tathA dakSiNa meM tamilanADu meM upalabdha abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsvI san ke pUrva hI jaina dharma kA astitva sampUrNa bhArata meM thaa| . abhilekhIya sAkSya se jJAta hotA hai ki IsvI pUrva pahalI dUsarI zatAbdI meM jaina dharma ko ur3IsA meM samrATa khAravela ke rUpa meM eka mahAna saMrakSaka mila gayA thaa| nandazAsaka ur3IsA se jisa jinapratimA ko magadha le gae the, samrATa khAravela na kevala use vApasa ur3IsA lAyA, varan usane usa pratimA kI sthApanA ke lie kumArI parvata para eka jinamandira kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki samrATa khAravela ne AgamoM kI vAcanA hetu eka saMgIti bhI bulAI thI, jisameM vibhinna kSetroM se jaina bhikSu. ekatrita hue the| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 2 2. vahI, bhAga 5, kramAMka 1 3. vaho, bhAga 2, kramAMka 7 4. vahI, bhAga.4, kramAMka 1 5. vahI, bhAga 5, kramAMka 3 6. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 4, 89 7. e, ekamavaranAthana-jaina insakripazansa ima tamilanADu, pR0 16-24, - uddhRta-dube, zrI nArAyaNa-jaina abhilekhoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, ( zodha prabandha ) pR0 220 8 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 2

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44 : jainadharma ke sampradAya jaina abhilekhoM meM prAcInatA kI dRSTi se khAravela ke hatthIgumphA abhilekha ke pazcAt mathurA ke abhilekha mAne gaye haiN| mathurA ke adhikAMza akhilekha IsA kI pahalI evaM dUsarI zatAbdI ke haiN| ina abhilekhoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke vividha gaNa, zAkhA aura kUloM ke sandarbha meM paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai / mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM koTiyagaNa' vAraNagaNa tathA uddehikIyagaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| mathurA ke ina abhilekhoM meM koTyigaNa kI tIna zAkhAoM uccanAgarI zAkhA,vairI (vajrI) zAkhA aura AryavajrIzAkhA tathA tIna kuloM-brahmadAsikakula, sthAnIyakula aura vAtsalI kula kA ullekha huA hai| vAraNagaNa kI cAra zAkhAoM-odazAkhA, vajranAgarIzAkhA, hAritamAlAgArikazAkhA aura saMkAziyAzAkhA tathA sAtakuloM-petivAmikakula, puNyamaitrIyakula, AryahATIkIyakula, AryaveTTiyakula, ayyamistakula, kaniyasika kula aura nADiyakula kA ullekha bhI ina abhilekhoM meM milatA hai| inhIM abhilekhoM meM uddehikIyagaNa kI eka zAkhA peyaputtikAzAkhA tathA do kuloM-AryanAgabhUtakIyakula aura paridhAsikakula kA bhI nAmollekha milatA hai| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM ullikhita vividha gaNoM, zAkhAoM evaM kuloM ke nAma kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita haiN| isa prakAra inakI puSTi sAhityika srotoM se bhI ho jAtI hai / jaina saMgha ke vibhAjana kI prakriyA evaM jaina sampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane kI dRSTi se ye abhilekha atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / ___mathurA ke ina abhilekhoM meM ullikhita vividha gaNoM, zAkhAoM aura kuloM ke alAvA kaI AcAryoM, muniyoM evaM AryikAoM ke nAma bhI ullikhita haiM / ina abhilekhoM se inake gaNa, zAkhA evaM kula kA abhijJAna ho jAtA hai / " vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM hameM AryakaNha ( Arya kRSNa ) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo uttara bhArata meM hue sampradAya bheda ke prathama puruSa rahe haiN| vastra-pAtra ko lekara Arya zivabhUti se inakA hI vivAda huA thaa| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 19, 20, 22, 23, 25 2. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 17, 34, 41, 44, 45 3. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 24, 69 4. kalpasUtram-sampA0 ma0 vinayasAgara, sUtra 212-216 5. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 22, 23, 24, 29, 37, 42, 44, 45, 52, 55, 56, 69 aura 82

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jaina sampradAyoM ke aitihAsika srota : 45 pabhosA ke eka abhilekha meM kAzyapIya ahaMtoM ke lie guphA banAne kA ullekha huA hai|' yaha abhilekha I0 pU0 pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdI kA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kAzyapIya arhanta kauna the tathA unakA jaina dharma se kyA saMbandha rahA hogA ? samAdhAna ke rUpa meM hama kahanA cAheMge ki mahAvIra kA gautra kAzyapa mAnA jAtA hai isalie yahA~ kAzyapIya arhanta kA tAtparya mahAvIra kI paraMparA se samajhA jAnA caahie| isake alAvA bhadrabAha ke ziSya godAsa ko bhI kAzyapagautrIya mAnA gayA hai, isaliye bhI isa kathana ko bala milatA hai ki kAzyapIya arhanta jaina dharma se hI sambandhita the| sAtha hI vahA~ se upalabdha jinapratimAe~ bhI isI tathya kI sUcaka haiM ki kAzyapIya arhanta jaina dharma sambandhita the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI kAzyapIya zAkhA kA ullekha hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM saMgha kA nAmollekha karane vAle prAcInatama abhilekha noNamaMgala aura devagiri ke haiM / noNamaMgala ke abhilekha meM nirgrantha saMgha, zvetapaTTamahAzramaNa saMgha, kUrcaka saMgha evaM yApanoya saMgha ke nAma ullikhita haiN| - udayagiri ( vidizA ) ke abhilekha ( vi0 saM0 426 ) meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita karane vAloM ne apane Apako AryakUla evaM bhadrAnvaya ke AcArya gozarmA kA ziSya batalAyA hai| pahADapura (baMgAla ) ke eka abhilekha meM kAzI kI paMcastUpAnvaya kA ullekha huA hai| paMcastapAnvaya nAma bAda meM bhI pracalita rahA hai| dhavalA ke TIkAkartA vIrasena ne apane guru ko paMcastUpAnvaya kA kahA hai| abhilekhoM meM ullikhita gaNa, gaccha, zAkhA, kula aura anvaya Adi se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane hetu jaina abhilekha mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika sAmagro pradAna karate haiN| jana citrakalA : . jaina paramparA meM tAr3apatroM evaM kAgajoM para citra to vipula mAtrA meM milate haiM, kintu ve adhika prAcIna nahIM haiM / prAcInatA kI dRSTi se bhitticitra hI mukhya haiN| sabase prAcIna bhitticitra taMjora ke samIpa sittanavAsala 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 7 2. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 90, 94 1. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 98 4. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 57 5. jaina, DaoN0 sAgaramala-jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 20

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.46 : jainadharma ke sampradAya kI guphA meM milate haiN| inakA nirmANa pallava nareza mahendravarmA (prathama) ke rAjyakAla (625 I0) meM huA thaa| 7vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI citrakalA ke rUpa meM aisI koI sAmagrI hameM upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai, jisase jainadharma ke vividha sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kI jAnakArI jJAta ho sakatI ho| ___ muDabidri tathA pATana ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha tADapatrIya citra bho prAcIna mAne jAte haiM, inakA samaya 11voM se 14vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| kAgaja para citrita sabase prAcIna prati 1427 I0 meM likhita kalpasUtra kI hai| samprati yaha prati landana ko iNDiyA Aphisa lAibrerI meM hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai kAgaja para citrita citra paravartI haiN| tADapatrIya citra bhI 11vIM zatAbdI se adhika prAcIna nahIM haiM, inakI apekSA bhitticitra hI adhika prAcIna hai| jaina citroM ke AdhAra para hama kisI sImA taka jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM kI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ko bhI samajha sakate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa me digambara granthoM meM sarvatra tIrthaMkaroM evaM muniyoM ko nagna hI citrita kiyA jAtA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM evaM muniyoM ko nagna rUpa meM pradarzita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| unameM tIrthaMkara citra padmAsana sthiti meM hI upalabdha hote haiN| sAtha hI unheM AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta darzAyA jAtA hai tathA muniyoM ko colapaTTaka evaM uttarIya Adi ke sAtha citrita kiyA jAtA hai| lagabhaga 18vIM zatAbdI se sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke jo bhI sacitra grantha upalabdha hote haiM, unameM muniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke citroM meM mukhavastrikA pradarzita kI jAtI hai / muniyoM ke kucha citroM meM mukhavastrikA unake hAtha meM athavA kaMdhe para bhI dikhAI jAtI hai / isa prakAra jaina citrakalA ke mAdhyama se bhI hama jaina dharma ke vividha sampradAyoM, upasampradAyoM evaM unakI mAnyatAoM ko samajha sakate haiN| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mandira aura guphA-zilpa ko chor3akara jaina sAhitya, jaina mUrtiyA~, jaina abhilekha aura jaina citrakalA jaina sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane ke mahattvapUrNa srota haiM, inhIM ke AdhAra para jaina sampradAyoM kA prAmANika itihAsa likhA jA sakatA hai| 1. nAmadeva, DaoN0 zivakumAra jaina kalA vikAsa aura paramparA, kesarImala surANA abhinandana grantha, khaNDa 6, pR0 162

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tRtIya adhyAya jaina dharma ke sampradAya prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI bhI dharma ke saMsthApaka evaM dharma pravartaka mahApuruSa ke nirvANa athavA dehAvasAna ke pazcAt unake saMgha athavA sampradAya meM netRtva ke prazna ko lekara bikharAva honA prArambha ho jAtA hai| kintu kabhI-kabhI yaha bikharAva aise mahApuruSoM ke jIvanakAla meM bhI ho jAtA hai, jisakA mukhya kAraNa vaicArika matabheda hotA hai| jaina saMgha bhI bikharAva kI isa prakriyA se vilaga nahIM raha skaa| jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki vaicArika matabheda kI prakriyA mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI prArambha ho cukI thI, kintu jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAya mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI astitva meM aaye| ___ mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM evaM usake pazcAt bhI unase vaicArika matabheda rakhane vAle vyakti nilava kahalAe / mahAvIra ko paramparA meM kula sAta nilava aise hue the, jinakA mahAvIra ke vicAroM se matabheda thaa| jamAli aura tiSyagupta ye do nihnava aise the, jo mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI hue the| inhoMne mahAvIra kI mAnyatA kA virodha karate hue apane naye siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye the| zeSa pAMca niva mahAvora nirvANa ke pazcAt hue the| sAta nihnava aura unake siddhAnta : . mahAvIra ke vicAroM se matabheda rakhane vAle sAta nihnava kauna the tathA ve kaba aura kina praznoM ko lekara jaina dharma se alaga hue the? isakI saMkSipta jAnakArI isa prakAra hai-- 1. jamAli - mahAvIra ke kevalI hone ke caudahaveM varSa ke anta meM sarvaprathama jamAli nAmaka eka ziSya ne mahAvIra kI mAnyatA se asahamati prakaTa ko thii|' mahAvIra kriyamANa ko kRta kahate the, unake anusAra jo kiyA jA rahA 1. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 783-784 . 2. (ka) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 125 (kha) kalyANavijayagaNi-zrI paTTAvarale parAga saMgraha, pR0 68

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48 : jainadharma ke sampradAya hai, use kiyA huA kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jamAli kA kahanA thA ki kriyamANa ko kRta nahIM kahA jA sktaa|' apane tarka ke pakSa meM vaha bichonA bichAye jAne kA sundara dRSTAnta dete hue kahatA hai ki jo bichonA bichAyA jA rahA ho, use bichA huA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jamAli ke isa vicAra se ho mahAvIra kAla meM sarvaprathama vaicArika matabheda kA sUtrapAta huaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki jamAli kI tulanA meM mahAvIra kA vyaktitva adhika prabhAvazAlI thA, jisase yaha vaicArika matabheda mahAvIra ke saMgha ko adhika kSati nahIM pahuMcA skaa| jamAli apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke saMgha se alaga hokara apane siddhAnta kA pracAra karatA rahA / jamAli kA siddhAnta "bahataravAda" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 2 priyadarzanA sAdhvI, jo gRhasthAvasthA kI dRSTi se mahAvIra kI putrI tathA jamAli kI patnI thI, vaha bhI jamAli ke prati rAga ke kAraNa usake mata ko svIkAra kara apanI eka hajAra zramaNiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke saMgha se alaga ho gaI thii| eka bAra vaha sAdhvI samudAya sahita zrAvastI nagarI meM giiN| vahA~ vaha zramaNopAsaka DhaMka kuMbhakAra ko bhAMDazAlA meM tthhrii| sAdhvI priyadarzanA ko pratibodha dene hetu DhaMka ne usakI saMghATI (caddara ) para Aga kI eka cinagArI pheNkii| jaise hI saMghATI jalane lagI, priyadarzanI ne kahA, zrAvaka ! yaha tumane kyA kiyA ? mero saMghATI jalA dii| DhaMka ne kahA-Arye! Apa asatya bola rahI haiN| saMghATI jalI nahIM hai / jalate hue ko jalA kahanA to mahAvIra kA siddhAnta hai| ApakA siddhAnta to jalate hue ko jalA nahIM kahatA, phira Apane jalatI huI saMghATI ke liye "saMghATo jalA dI" aisA kaise kahA ? itanA sunakara priyadarzanA ko satya kA bodha ho gayA aura vaha punaH apanI eka hajAra zramaNiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho gii| kintu jamAli 1. (ka) vyAkhyAprajJapti, 9 / 33 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2306-2308 2. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 7 / 140-141 (kha) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga) uttarAdhyayananiyukti-niyuktisaMgraha (bhadrabAhu), gAthA 165-168 (gha) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 125 (Ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2301 3. zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pR0 69

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 49 ne apane 'bahutaravAda' siddhAnta kA tyAga nahIM kiyA aura vaha anta taka apane siddhAnta para dRr3ha rahA / 2. tiSyagupta : mahAvIra ke kevalo hone ke saulaha varSa pazcAt unake eka anya ziSya tiSyagupta ne unake jIvapradezI sambandhI vicAroM se asahamati prakaTa kI thii| mahAvIra ke anusAra Atma-pradezoM ke piNDa meM se eka bhI pradeza kama ho to usako jIva nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki sampUrNa lokAkAzapradezatulya pradeza vAlA jIva hI 'jIva' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| kintu tiSyagupta mahAvIra ke isa vicAra se sahamata nahIM thA / usakA kahanA thA ki jaba antima pradeza ke abhAva meM jIva 'jIva' nahIM hai to isase to yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki eka antima pradeza hI jIva hai, zeSa pradeza jIva nahIM hai|' tiSyagupta kA yaha kathana 'jIvaprAdezikavAda' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| tiSyagupta ko usake guru ne kahA ki tumhArA kathana sahI mAnane para to jIva kA hI abhAva mAnanA par3egA / tumhAre mata se to antya jIva-pradeza ko bhI ajIva mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki anya pradezoM se isakA koI bheda nahIM hai| aise aneka vaktavyoM se tiSyagapta ko usake garu ne samajhAyA, kintu usane apanA durAgraha nahIM chor3A, taba guru ne use apane saMgha se pRthaka kara diyA / tiSyagupta svatantra vicaraNa karate hue eka bAra AmalakalpA nagarI phuNcaa| vahAM use mahAvIra ke 'mitrazrI' nAmaka upAsaka ne apane ghara Ane kA nimantraNa diyaa| nimantraNa prApta kara tiSyagupta kucha sAdhuoM ke sAtha mitrazrI ke ghara gyaa| mitrazrI tiSyagupta ko pratibodha denA cAhatA thaa| usane tiSyagupta sahita sabhI sAdhuoM ko Asana para biThAyA aura aneka prakAra ke khAdya vyaMjana lAkara unakA ekaeka dAnA unake pAtra meM rkhaa| yaha dekhakara sAdhu bole-he zrAvaka ! kyoM hamArA majAka kara rahe ho ? taba mitrazrI ne kahA-maiMne to Apake siddhAntAnusAra hI Apako AhAra diyA hai| yadi Apa kaheM to mahAvIra - 1. (ka) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 vyAkhyA-madhukara muni (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2336-2355 2. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra , 7/140-141 (kha) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 165, 168 (gha) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 127 / (Ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2301

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50 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ke siddhAntAnusAra AhAra dUM / mitrazrI kA yaha kathana sunakara tiSyagupta apanI bhUla ko samajha gayA aura punaH mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho gyaa|' 3. ASADhabhUti ke ziSya : - mahAvIra nirvANa ke do sau caudaha varSa pazcAt tIsare nihnava ke rUpa meM AcArya ASADhabhUti ke ziSyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inakA siddhAMta "avyaktavAda" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| avyaktavAda kI utpatti ke sandarbha meM kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya ASADhabhUti apane ziSyoM ko AgAr3hayoga kI sAdhanA karavA rahe the ki hRdayAghAta se unakI mRtyu ho gii| marakara ve "nalinIgulma' nAmaka vimAna meM deva hue / deva hote hI avadhi jJAna se unhoMne upayoga lagAyA ki mere ziSyoM kI AgADhayoga sAdhanA adhUrI raha jaaegii| taba unhoMne 'nalinIgulma' se Akara punaH apane mRta zarIra meM praviSTha hokara ziSyoM ko sAdhanA pUrI krvaaii| sAdhanA pUro karavAne ke pazcAt unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko kahA ki amuka rAtri ko meM kAladharma ko prApta ho gayA thA, kintu tumhAro sAdhanA pUrNa karavAne hetu maiMne apane mRta zarIra meM punaH praveza kiyA thaa| isa avadhi meM asaMyata hote hue bhI maiMne tumase vandana karavAyA, isaliye mujheM kSamA kreN| yaha kara AcArya ASADha jaba punaH devaloka meM cale gaye to unake ziSya socane lage-kauna jAnatA hai ki yaha sAdhu hai yA deva ? yaha saMyata hai yA asaMyata? isa AdhAra para to kisI ke viSaya meM kucha bhI vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA arthAt saba kucha avyakta hai| yaha mAnakara unhoMne paraspara vandana karanA bhI chor3a diyaa| isa para sthaviroM ne unheM kahA ki kisI saMyata ke viSaya meM deva hone ko zaMkA taba taka ucita nahIM hai jaba taka ki deva apanA rUpa batAkara kahe ki maiM deva hai| isI prakAra jaba koI sAdhu yaha kahe ki meM sAdhu haiM to ApakA usake viSaya meM zaMkA karanA Thoka nahIM hai / kyA deva vacana hI satya hai ? sAdhu ke satya vacana satya nahIM? jo Apane paraspara 1. (ka) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2355 (kha) zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 70-71 2. ( ka ) sthAnAMgasatra, 7 / 140-141 ( kha ) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga ) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 165-169 (gha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2356-2388

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 51 candana-karanA bhI banda kara diyA hai| ityAdi aneka yuktiyoM se sthaviroM ne unheM samajhAyA, kintu ASADhabhUti ke ziSyoM ne sthaviroM kI bAta nahIM maanii| taba AcAryoM ne unheM saMgha se pRthaka kara diyaa| eka bAra ve avyaktavAdo sAdhu rAjagRha nagara gye| vahAM kA rAjA balabhadra zramaNopAsaka thA, usane una avyaktavAdo sAdhuoM ko pratibodha dene hetu rAjasevakoM ko bhejakara apane yahAM bulavAyA aura sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki inheM sainikoM dvArA maravA do| rAjA kI AjJA sunakara ve avyaktavAdo sAdhu bolehe rAjan ! Apa zrAvaka ho phira hama sAdhuoM ko kyoM maravA rahe ho ? rAjA ne kahA-tuma sAdhu ho yA cora, yaha kauna kaha sakatA hai ? maiM bhI zrAvaka hai yA nahIM, yaha tuma kaise kaha sakate ho? tuma kaise sAdhu ho jo sAmAnya ziSTAcAra ke rUpa meM paraspara vandana taka nahIM karate? yaha sunakara una avyaktavAdI sAdhuoM ko apanI galatI kA bodha ho gayA aura avyaktavAda ko chor3akara ve punaH mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho gye|' 4. azvamitra : mahAvIra nirvANa ke do sau bIsa varSa pazcAt hue cauthe nihnava ke rUpa meM azvamitra kA nAmollekha upalabdha hotA hai| inakA siddhAMta "samacchedavAda" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| samucchedavAda kI utpatti ke saMdarbha meM kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya kauNDiya apane ziSya azvamitra ko "pUrvajJAna' kA adhyayana karavA rahe the| paryAyavAda kA prakaraNa cala rahA 'thA, AcArya kauNDiya samajhA rahe the ki nArakIya jIva kI prathama samaya kI paryAya samayAntara meM vyucchinna ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra dvitIya, tatIya Adi samayoM meM hone vAlI paryAyeM bhI vyucchinna ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra paryAya ko apekSA se sAre nArakIya jIva vyucchinna svabhAva vAle haiN| . azvamitra ne isa kathana ko samagra rUpa meM nahIM samajhakara kevala vyucchinna . 1, zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 72-73 . 2. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 7 / 140-141 ( kha ) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 131 (gha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2389 3. ( ka ) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 . (kha) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 165, 170 (ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2390-2420

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52 : jainadharma ke sampradAya zabda ko hI pakar3a liyaa| AcArya kauNDiya ne to mAtra paryAya kI apekSA se hI nArakIya jIvoM kA vyuccheda honA batAyA thA, dravya kI apekSA se nhiiN| kintu azvamitra ne isa kathana ko yathArtha rUpa meM nahIM samajhA tathA . usane mAnA ki pratyeka padArtha kA sampUrNa vinAza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra vaha durAgrahI ho gyaa| taba AcArya kauNDiya ne use saMgha se pRthaka kara diyaa| kisI samaya azvamitra samucchedavAda kA pracAra karatA huA apane anuyAyiyoM sahita kAmpilyapura nagara meM phuNcaa| vahAM "khaMDarakSa" nAmaka zrAvaka rahatA thaa| usane sAmucchediyoM ko pratibodha dene hetu apane . logoM se unheM pakar3avAyA aura kahA ki inheM mAra ddaalo| taba ve boletuma zrAvaka ho, phira kyoM hama sAdhuoM ko maravAte ho? taba khaMDarakSa zrAvaka ne kahA-jo sAdhu the ve usI samaya vyucchinna ho gae, tuma to koI cora lagate ho| tumhArA ho to yaha siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka padArtha kA dUsare samaya sampUrNa vinAza hotA hai| isa ghaTanA se azvamitra ko apanI galatI kA bodha ho jAtA hai| taba vaha kahatA hai ki hameM mata maravAo, hama ve hI sAdhu haiM, jo pahale the| isa prakAra azvamitra ekAnta samucchedavAda kA tyAga kara punaH mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho gyaa| 5. gaMga: mahAvIra nirvANa ke do sau aTThAIsa varSa pazcAt hue pAMcaveM nihnava ke rUpa meM AcArya gaMga kA ullekha milatA hai| mahAvIra ke anusAra eka samaya meM eka sAtha do kriyAoM kI anubhUti nahIM ho sakatI, kintu AcArya gaMga mahAvIra ke isa maMtavya se sahamata nahIM the| unake anusAra eka hI samaya meM eka sAtha do kriyAoM ko anubhUti ho sakatI hai| apane tarka ke pakSa meM AcArya gaMga nadI pAra karate hue sira para sUrya kI uSNatA aura pairoM meM pAnI kI zItalatA-ina donoM anubhUtiyoM ko eka hI samaya meM aura 1. zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pR0 74-75 2. ( ka ) sthAnAMgasUtra, 7 / 140-141 (kha ) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga ) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 166, 171 (gha ) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 133 (Ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2424 3. (ka ) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 vyAkhyA-madhukara muni (kha ) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2425-2450

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 53 eka hI sAtha honA mAnate haiM / AcArya gaMga ko unake guru AcArya dhanagapta ne kahA ki tumhArA yaha mantavya ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki samaya aura mana bahuta sUkSma hote haiN| ve bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI sthUlabuddhi ke kAraNa manuSya ko eka hI pratIta hote haiM, jabaki vastutaH aisA nahIM hotA hai| AcArya dhanagupta dvArA samajhAne para AcArya gaMga ko satya kA bodha ho jAtA hai aura ve apane "dvikriyAvAdI" siddhAnta ko tyAgakara punaH mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho jAte haiN| 6. rohaguptaH ___ mahAvIra nirvANa ke pA~ca sau cAlIsa varSa pazcAt hue chaThe niva ke rUpa meM rohagupta kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra isa jagata meM do hI rAziyAM haiM-(1) jIvarAzi aura (2) ajIvarAzi / kintu rohagupta ne jaina siddhAnta ke viparIta jIva, ajIva aura nojIvaina tIna rAziyoM kI sthApanA kI thii| unakA siddhAnta "trairAzikavAda" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| trairAzikavAda kI utpatti kI kathA bar3I rocaka hai| kahA jAtA hai ki podRzAla nAmaka eka parivrAjaka apane se vAda karane hetu sabhI ko cunautI detA thA / ekabAra rohagupta ne podRzAla ko cunautI svIkAra kara lii| jaba rAjyasabhA meM vAda prArambha huA to cAlAka poTTazAla ne rohagupta ke pakSa ko hI apanA pakSa banA liyA aura kahA ki jagata meM do hI rAziyA~ haiM-(1) jIva rAzi aura ( 2) ajIva rAzi / rohagupta ko poTTazAla ke mata kA khaNDana karanA thA, isaliye usane jIva, ajIva ke sAtha nojova rAzi kI bhI sthApanA kara dii| vastutaH trairAzikavAda kI sthApanA rohagupta ne mAtra cAlAka poTTazAla ko vAda meM parAjita karane ke lie hI kI thii| kintu eka bAra jaba trairAzikavAda kI sthApanA rohagupta ne kara dI to phira usane usakA prativAda nahIM kiyA aura vaha AjIvana "rAzikavAda" ko hI mAnatA rhaa| 1. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 7 / 140-14', (kha) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 135 (gha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2451 2. (ka) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 vyAkhyA-madhukara muni (kha) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 166-172 (ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2452-2508

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54 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 7. goSThAmAhila : ___ mahAvIra nirvANa ke pAMca sau caurAsI varSa pazcAt hue sAtaveM nika ke rUpa meM goSThAmAhila kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra karma jova ke sAtha baMdhate haiN| mahAvIra ko mAnyatA thI ki karma pudgala aura Atma-pradeza usI prakAra eka-dUsare meM samAhita hokara rahate haiM jisa prakAra lauha-piNDa meM agni samAhita hokara rahatA hai| kintu goSThAmAhila kA kahanA thA ki karmavargaNA ke pudgala Atma-pradezoM kA sparza mAtra karate haiM, ve unake sAtha usI prakAra ekIbhUta nahIM hote jisa prakAra sarpa ke zarIra se keMculI ekIbhUta nahIM hoto|2 goSThAmAhila kA yaha kathana "abaddhikavAda" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai.| AcArya kundakunda kA mantavya bhI abaddhikavAda se nikaTatA rakhatA hai| __ina sAtoM nihnavoM meM se jamAli, rohagupta aura goSThAmAhila-ye tInoM nihnava antima samaya taka mahAvIra paramparA se alaga rahe aura apane siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate rahe, jabaki zeSa cAroM nihnavoM ne mahAvIra ke vicAroM meM sandeha to kiyA, kintu kucha samaya pazcAt jaba unakI zaMkA kA samAdhAna ho gayA to ve punaH mahAvora ke saMgha meM sammilita ho gye| zivabhUti nihnava : __ sthAnAMgasUtra aura aupapAtikasUtra Adi Agama granthoM meM sAta nihnavoM kA ho nAmollekha upalabdha hotA hai, kintu uttarAdhyayananiyukti evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM AThaveM nihava ke rUpa meM zivabhUti kA ullekha huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kA to yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki zivabhUti nihnava se hI digambara paramparA kI utpatti huI hai| isa kathana kI aitihAsika satyatA kitanI hai ? yaha carcA hama digambara sampradAya ko utpatti 1. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra 7 / 140-141 (kha) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 (ga) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 166 (gha) AvazyakabhASya, gAthA 141 (Ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2509 2. (ka) aupapAtikasUtra, 122 vyAkhyA-madhukara muni (kha) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 175-176 (ga) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2510-2549 3. (ka) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 178 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2551

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 55 ke prasaMga meM vistArapUrvaka kreNge| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke chaH sau nau varSa pazcAt boTika zivabhUti dvArA boTika mata kI utpatti huii| ve muni ke liye vastra tyAga ( acelatA) Avazyaka mAnate the| unake anusAra samartha muni ko acela ( nagna ) rahanA cAhie, kyoMki acelatA ( nagnatA ) hI utsarga mArga hai| vastragrahaNa karanA to ApavAdika mArga hai| caityavAsI prathA : cauthI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaina dharma meM caityavAsI prathA bhI vikasita ho cukI thii| AcArya dharmasAgarajI ne caityavAsI prathA kA udbhava kAla 355 I0 mAnA hai / 2 muni kalyANavijayajI ke anusAra isase pUrva hI yaha prathA prArambha ho gaI thI, kintu :55 I0 taka to yaha bahuta hI vyA. paka rUpa se sthApita ho gii| isa prathA ke zramaNa caMtyoM evaM maThoM meM rahate the| pratimA pUjA meM zrAvaka loga jo deva-dravya car3hAte the, usakA ve upabhoga karate the| ve dina meM do-tIna bAra bhojana karate the aura bhojana meM sacitta dravya kA bhI upabhoga karate the| ve raMga-biraMge tathA sugandhita vastra pahanate the tathA snAna-zrRMgAra Adi karate the| itanA hI nahIM ve muharta Adi nikAlate the tathA logoM ko bhabhUta Adi bhI dete the| tantra-mantra Adi ke ve jAnakAra hote the tathA tAbIja Adi bhI banAte the / vastutaH caityavAsI zramaNoM kA AcAra jaina zAstroM meM ullikhita zramaNAcAra se koI saMgati nahIM rakhatA hai| ...zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda se caityavAsa pUrNa rUpa se pratiSThita ho gayA thA aura aparigraho jaina zramaNa cAhe ve sacela paramparA ke hoM yA acela paramparA ke, maThAdhIza bana gaye the| caityavAsI prathA ke viruddha sarvaprathama digambara paramparA meM chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga AcArya kundakunda ne zuddhAcAra kA bigula bajAyA thaa| dUsarI ora zvetAmbara paramparA meM AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga AcArya haribhadra ne ina maThAdhIza jaina muniyoM ko khuba khabara lI, kintu koI bhI inheM nAmazeSa nahIM kara ske|5 suvihita muniyoM ke sAtha-sAtha donoM hI paramparAoM meM caityavAsI prathA bhI apane DhaMga se calatI rhii| 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2550-2609 2. premI, nAthurAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 351 3. vahI, pR0 351 4. liMgapAhuDa-aSTapAhuDa, gAthA 4-21 5. saMboSa prakaraNa ( haribhadrasUri ), patra 13-15

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56 : jainadharma ke sampradAya jainadharma meM sampradAya vibhAjana kA jo rUpa sAmane AyA hai usameM na to nihnava kAraNa bane haiM aura na hI caityavAsI prathA ke zramaNa / caityavAsI prathA jainadharma meM sampradAya vibhAjana ke pUrva hI astitva meM A cukI thI aura bAda meM jaba jainadharma zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA to caityavAsI prathA ke zramaNa to ina sabhI paramparAoM meM bhI bane rhe| 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda to caityavAsI zramaNoM ke AcAra meM uttarottara zithilatA bar3hatI gaI aura caityAlaya zithilAcAra ke aDDe bana gaye / caityavAsI prathA kA astitva lagabhaga 15vIM zatAbdI taka rahA, inhIM se Age calakara zvetAmbara paramparA meM yatiyoM tathA digambara paramparA meM bhaTTArakoM kA vikAsa huaa| sampradAya vibhAjana : mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna prApta karane ke caudahaveM varSa se lekara unake nirvANa prApta karane ke pA~ca sau caurAsI varSa pazcAt taka jaina paramparA : meM jo vaicArika matabheda utpanna hue unakI carcA hamane pUrva meM sAta nihnavoM ke rUpa meM kI hai, kintu ina vaicArika matabhedoM ke kAraNa jainadharma meM vibhinna sampradAyoM kI utpatti nahIM ho sakI thii| mahAvIra nirvANa ke pAMca sau caurAsI varSa pazcAt kaba, kisa prakAra evaM kina kAraNoM se jaina saMgha vibhinna sampradAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA tathA zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya astitva meM Aye tathA ina alaga-alaga sampradAyoM kI kyA alaga-alaga mAnyatAeM banIM ? ityAdi carcA hama Age kreNge| zvetAmbara sampradAya : zvetAmbara paramparA ko mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke samaya meM zramaNoM meM sacela evaM acela yA sthavirakalpI aura jinakalpI donoM prakAra kI zramaNa paramparAeM astitva meM thiiN| yaha mahAvIra kA prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva evaM sahiSNu dRSTi thI jo eka hI saMgha meM aisA dvividha kalpa hote hue bhI lambe samaya taka unakI paramparA ko koI vibhAjita nahIM kara sakA, kintu adhika samaya taka aisA dvividha kalpa eka saMgha meM calanA sambhava nahIM thA isaliye jaba sacelatA aura acelatA ke vivAda ke kAraNa yaha saMgha vibhAjita huA to jo zramaNa sacelatA ke poSaka the, ve zvetAmbara kahe jAne lage aura jinhoMne acelatA kA pakSa liyA, ve digambara khlaaye| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke zramaNa-zramaNo zveta vastra dhAraNa karate haiM / darzana

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 57 evaM AcAra sambandhI inakI kucha mAnyatAeM digambara sampradAya se bhinna haiM, jinakA ullekha hama yathAsthAna Age kareMge / digambara matAnusAra zvetAmbara sampradAya ko utpatti : zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti ke viSaya meM digambara mAnyatA yaha hai ki maurya samrATa caMdragupta ke samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne bhayaMkara akAla kI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| jise sunakara muni varga kA eka samUha unake netRtva meM dakSiNa bhArata calA gayA aura acela dharma kA pAlana karatA rahA / idhara uttara bhArata meM bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM sthulibhadra ne saMgha kA netRtva grahaNa kiyA aura duSkAla ko sthiti meM zramaNocita AcAraniyamoM meM kucha DhIla dete hue bhikSuoM ko vastra, pAtra, daNDa Adi rakhane kI anumati de dii| bAda meM jaba bhadrabAhu kA saMgha dakSiNa dhArata se lauTakara AyA to ina savastra bhikSuoM ko punaH acela dharma kA pAlana karAne meM unheM saphalatA nahIM milii| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhuoM meM saMghabheda ho gayA / isa prakAra vastra, pAtra Adi rakhane vAle sAdhu zvetAmbara sAdhu ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAne lage aura jinhoMne vastra, pAtra Adi kA tyAga kara diyA thA, ve digambara sAdhu kahalAne lge| digambara paramparAnusAra yaha 'ghaTanA vi0 saM0 136 ( vIra nirvANa saMvata 606 ) kI hai| digambara paramparA ke grantha bhAvasaMgraha meM bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ko utpatti kA kathana isase milatA-julatA hI hai| digambara sampradAya : digambara paramparA ne apane aparigraha siddhAnta ko thor3A kaThora banAte hue zramaNoM ke sImita vastra-pAtrAdi ko bhI parigraha kI sImA meM gina * liyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa sampradAya ke sAdhu nirvastra hI rahate haiM evaM hAtha meM hI bhojana grahaNa karate haiM arthAt pANi-pAtrI hote haiN| ... zvetAmbara paramparA kI apekSA digambara paramparA kA eka mukhya bheda yaha hai ki isa paramparAnusAra strI mukta nahIM ho sakato tathA kevalI kavalAhAra nahIM karate haiN| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ko -darzana tathA AcAra sambandhI adhikAMza mAnyatAeM samAna haiM, kintu kucha bhinna bhI haiN| ina sabakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM karaka ina donoM parampa3. bRhadkathAkoza ( hariSeNa ), pR0 4-6 2. bhAvasaMgraha-devasUri, gAthA 52-62

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58 : jainadharma ke sampradAya rAoM ko darzana tathA AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate samaya Age ke adhyAyoM meM vistArapUrvaka kreNge| zvetAmbara matAnusAra digambara sampradAya kI utpatti : . zvetAmbara AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt ( arthAt vi0 saM0 199) rathavorapura meM boTika mata ( digambara mata ) kI utpatti huI thii| isa kathana kI puSTi uttarAdhyayananiyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura AvazyakacUNi jaise prAcIna graMthoM se bhI hotI hai| sAmAnya mAnyatA yaha hai ki AThaveM niva ke rUpa meM zivabhUti dvArA jisa boTika mata kI utpatti huI thI vahI boTika mata Age calakara digambara kahalAyA hai| kathA ke anusAra rathavIrapura meM zivabhUti nAmaka eka sAmanta (kSatriya ) rahatA thaa| jisane aneka yuddhoM meM bahAdurI ke kAraNa apane rAjA se sammAna pAyA thaa| rAjA ke dvArA sammAnita hone ke kAraNa vaha svecchArI ho gayA thaa| ekabAra kAphI rAta bIta jAne ke pazcAt zivabhUti jaba ghara para AyA to usakI mA~ ne ghara kA daravAjA nahIM kholA aura use phaTakAra lagAte hue kahA-isa samaya jahA~ tumhAre liye dvAra khule hoM, vahA~ cale jaao| yaha kathana sunakara zivabhUti vApasa mur3A aura bhAgyavaza aise sthAna para jA pahuMcA, jahA~ jaina sAdhu Thahare hue the| pahale to zivabhUti ne zramaNoM se dIkSA dene kA bahuta Agraha kiyA, kintu jaba zramaNoM ne dIkSA dene se inkAra kara diyA to zivabhUti svayaM apane hAthoM se kezaloca karane lgaa| use kezaloca karatA dekhakara hI AryakRSNa ne saMbhavataH yaha anumAna lagAyA ki isakI vairAgya bhAvanA prabala hai aura zAyada yahI socakara unhoMne use dIkSA bhI de dii| kucha samaya vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt ekabAra jaba zivabhUti muni veza meM punaH apane nagara AyA to rAjA ne use eka mUlyavAn ratna-kambala bheMTasvarUpa diyA, jise zivabhUti ne grahaNakara liyaa| zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa ne jaba usake pAsa yaha mUlyavAn ratna-kambala dekhA to use samajhAyA ki aise vastra rakhanA sAdhuoM ke lie ucita nahIM hai isalie isa vastra ko punaH lauTA denA caahiye| kintu zivabhUti ne apane guru kI isa AjJA kA pAlana nahIM kiyaa| AryakRSNa ne eka dina zivabhUti kI anupasthiti meM usa kambala ke choTe-choTe Tukar3e karake baiThane ke Asana banA die / jaba zivabhUti ne yaha dekhA to vaha atyadhika krodhita huA, usane

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 59 ghoSaNA kI ki yadi yaha kambala rakhanA parigraha hai to vaha aisI koI bhI vastu apane pAsa nahIM rakhegA, jo mamatva kA kAraNa bne| aisA kahakara usane apane sabhI vastroM kA tyAga kara diyA aura nirvastra vicaraNa karane lgaa| zivabhUti dvArA isa prakAra kiyA gayA vastra tyAga ho zvetAmbara matAnusAra digambara paramparA kI utpatti kA kAraNa banA hai| isI kathA ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki zivabhUti kI bahina bhI nagna hokara usake saMgha meM zAmila ho gaI, kintu use nagna vicaraNa karate hue dekhakara eka vezyA ne upa para eka vastra DAla diyaa| taba zivabhUti ne usase kahA ki ise devaduSya samajhakara grahaNa kara lo| isa prakAra zivabhUti ne striyoM ke liye savastratA svIkAra krlo| zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAyoM ko utpatti sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA niSkarSa : ___ zvetAmbara evaM digambara ina donoM sampradAyoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jo kathAe~ pracalita haiM, unakA hamane yahA~ ullekha kiyA hai usa AdhAra para yadyapi yaha nirNaya kara pAnA sahaja nahIM hai ki inameM se kaunasA kathana satya hai aura kaunasA asatya ? tathApi matabheda se sambandhita ina kathAoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa to nikAlA ho jA sakatA hai ki donoM sampradAyoM ko utpatti kA samaya lagabhaga eka hI hai| yaha samaya cAhe mahAvIra nirvANa ke 606 varSa pazcAt mAnA jAe, cAhe 602 varSa pazcAt / mAtra tona varSa kA antara koI aisA bar3A antara nahIM hai, jise prAmANika mAnate hue kisI eka sampradAya ko prAcIna mAna liyA jAye aura dUsare ko arvaaciin| * hamAre anusAra saMgha bheda kI yaha pariNati kisI eka ghaTanA kA parimAma nahIM hai| isalie yaha mAnanA prAsaMgika hogA ki jainadharma meM yaha paramparA bheda bahuta samaya pahale se calA A rahA thA jo mahAvora nirvANa ke 606 vaSa athavA 609 varSa pazcAt spaSTa rUpa se saMghabheda ke rUpa meM sAmane A gyaa| yApanIya sampradAya : yadyapi vartamAna meM vidvatvarga aura janasAdhAraNa jainadharma ke do pramukha sampradAyoM-zvetAmbara evaM digambara se hI paricita haiM, kintu isa dharma kA eka anya mahatvapUrNa sampradAya "yApanoya" sampradAya bhI thA, jo I0. .

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60 : jainadharma ke sampradAya sana kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka astitva meM rahA thaa| yaha sampradAya kucha varSoM pUrva taka jaina samAja ke liye bhI pUrNataH ajJAta banA huA thA, kintu vigata kucha varSoM ko zodhAtmaka pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa sampradAya se sambandhita kucha abhilekha evaM grantha prakAza meM Aye haiM / sarvaprathama DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye evaM paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ne isa sampradAya se sambandhita kucha lekha prakAzita kiye the, usI krama ko Age bar3hAte hue pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne isa -sampradAya se sambandhita vibhinna pahaluoM kI carcA apane granthoM meM kI hai| jisase isa sampradAya kI utpatti, AcAra-saMhitA, isake vibhinna gaNa, anvaya tathA inake sAhitya Adi kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / yApanIya saMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha palAzikA ke 475 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya, nirgrantha evaM kUrcakoM ko die gae bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai| AcAra kI dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki isa paramparA ke sAdhu digambara sAdhuoM kI taraha nagna rahate the, mayUra picchI rakhate the, pANitala bhojI ( karapAtrI) the tathA nagna pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the, kintu siddhAnta kI dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki isa paramparA ke sAdhu zvetAmbara paramparA ke adhika nikaTa the| zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke samAna ye bhI strImukti tathA kevalIbhukti mAnate the| zvetAmbaroM kI taraha isa paramparA meM bhI savastra kI mukti honA saMbhava mAnA gayA hai / lalita vistarA ke kartA haribhadra aura SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratna ne bhI isa kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kA milA-julA rUpa thaa|" 1. jaina, sAgaramala-jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 1 2. (ka) jaina, sAgaramala-jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (kha) paToriyA, zrImatI kusuma-yApanoya aura unakA sAhitya 3. "zrI vijayapalAzikAyAM yApani (nI) ya nirgranthakUrcakAnAM svarvajayike aSTame vaizAkhe saMvatsare kArtikapoSThArmAsyAm / " -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 99 4. jaina, sAgaramala-jaina ekatA kA prazna, pR0 15 5. premI, nAthurAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 59

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 61 yApanIya sampradAya ke bAre meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA likhate haiM ki kaI zatAbdiyoM taka astitva meM rahane ke pazcAt yApanIya sampradAya lupta ho gyaa| aba inake dvArA mAnya jaina Agama Adi bhI upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| inake kucha granthoM ko digambaroM ne apanA liyA to kucha granthoM ko zvetAMbaroM ne apanA liyA hai| hameM nAhaTAjI kA yaha kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ne to apane pUrvajoM ke granthoM ko hI apanAyA hai| yApanoyoM ke sAre grantha zauraseNI bhASA meM ho likhita haiN| jabaki zvetAMbara paramparA ke mAnya sabhI grantha arddhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM ho likhita haiM, isaliye zvetAmbara paramparA ke sandarbha meM nAhaTAjI ke isa kathana kI satyatA ko svIkArane meM Apatti AtI hai| hA~, digambara paramparA ke sandarbha meM nAhaTAjo ke kathana ko kisI sImA taka satya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya grantha bhI zauraseNI bhASA meM hI likhita haiN| yApanIya sampradAya ko utpatti saMbaMdhI mAnyatAyeM : - zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura AvazyakacUNi ( lagabhaga 6ThI-7vIM zatAbdI ) jaise ati prAcIna grantho meM ullikhita kathanAnusAra boTika zivabhUti se hI yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti huI thii| boTika mata evaM usase saMbaMdhita kathA kA ullekha hamane pUrva meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai, isalie usa kathA kA ullekha hama punaH yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| digambara paramparA meM yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti kA ullekha karane vAle do kathAnaka upalabdha hote haiN| pahalA-AcArya devasena apane grantha darzanasAra (lagabhaga 10vIM zatAbdI) meM yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM ki zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdhu ne vi0 saM0 205 meM yApanIya saMgha prArambha kiyA thaa| dUsarA kathAnaka * ratnanandI ke bhadrabAhucarita (IsA ko lagabhaga 15vIM zatAbdI) meM upalabdha hotA hai| usameM yApanIyoM kI utpatti ke bAre meM likhA hai ki karahATaka 1. jana ekatA kA prazna, pR0 38 2. kallANevaraNayare duNNisae paMca-uttare jAde / - jAvaNiyasaMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevaDado ||-drshnsaar, gAthA 29. 3. bhadrabAhucarita, 4 / 153-154

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*62 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ( karahATAkSa ) ke rAjA bhUpAla kI patnI rAnI napulAdevI ne eka bAra rAjA se kahA ki mere paitRka nagara se Ae hue AcAryoM ko Apa AdarapUrvaka apane yahA~ Ane kA nivedana kreN| rAjA kA nimantraNa prApta kara jaba AcAryagaNa nagara meM padhAreM to rAjA ne dekhA ki ve sAdhu savastra haiM aura unake pAsa bhikSA pAtra aura daNDa bhI hai| yaha dekhakara rAjA ne unheM anAdArapUrvaka lauTA diyaa| jaba rAnI nupulAdevI ko yaha saba vRttAMta jJAta huA to usane una muniyoM se picchI-kamaNDalu lekara nagara meM praveza karane kI prArthanA kI / sAdhuoM ne rAnI kI prArthanA svIkAra karake tadanurUpa digambara mudrA dhAraNA kI aura nagara meM praveza kiyaa| isa prakAra AcAra kI dRSTi se digambara aura siddhAnta rUpa meM zvetAmbara-inhIM sAdhuoM se yApanoya saMgha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| yApanoya sampradAya kI utpatti saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM kA niSkarSa : yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM jo kathAnaka pracalita haiM, unakA hamane yahA~ ullekha kiyA hai| yadyapi unase yaha niSkarSa to nahIM nikalatA ki yApanIya sampradAya kI utpatti zvetAmbara sampradAya se huI athavA digambara sampradAya se, kintu ina kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para yaha avazya jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ko utpatti ke sAtha ho jaina dharma kI isa tosaro zAkhA "yApanIya sampradAya" kA bhI prAdurbhAva ho cukA thaa| prArambha meM saMbhavataH yApanIya sampradAya ne zvetAmbara evaM digambara ina donoM dhArAoM ko jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hogA, kintu isameM saphalatA nahIM milane para yaha zAkhA eka tIsare saMpradAya ke rUpa meM hI pahacAnI jAne lgii| jisa prakAra zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM saMpradAya kaI upa-sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gae, usI prakAra yaha saMpradAya bhI kaI upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / aba hama zvetAmbara, digambara evaM yApanIya-ina tonoM saMpradAyoM ke vibhinna upasaMpradAyoM ke upalabdha vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke upasampradAya : 17vIM zatI ke lagabhaga zvetAmbara saMpradAya meM mUrtipUjaka evaM amUrtipUjaka aisI do paraMparAeM vikasita huI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ko mUrtiyA~ sthApita karavAkara unakI pUjA-arcanA Adi para bala dene vAlA varga mUrtipUjaka

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 63 kahalAyA hai, jabaki mUrtipUjA kA virodha karane vAlI lokAzAha kI paraMparA amUrtipUjaka kahI jAtI hai / amUrtipUjaka lokAgaccha se 17vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga lavajIRSijI, dharmasiMhajI, aura dharmadAsajo ke netRtva meM sthAnakavAsI paraMparA vikasita huii| sthAnakavAso paraMparA se hI 18vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga AcArya bhikSu ke netRtva meM terApaMtha saMpradAya kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| ye sabhI saMpradAya kisa prakAra upasaMpradAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gaye haiM ? aba hama isako carcA kreNge| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya : matipajaka, caityavAso athavA mandiramArgI kucha bhI kaha leM, jinapratimA kI upAsanA karane vAlA yaha sampradAya Age calakara kaI gacchoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| yaha vibhAjana cAhe saiddhAntika matabhedoM se huA ho, cAhe vyaktigata mahatvakAMkSA isake lie uttaradAyI rahI ho, cAhe kisI ghaTanA vizeSa yA sthAna vizeSa ke kAraNa yaha huA ho, vastusthiti yaha hai ki mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya aba kaI gacchoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai| inameM se kucha gaccha to aise haiM jo Aja bhI apane astitva ko na kevala banAe hue haiM, varan usameM abhivRddhi hI kara rahe haiM, kintu sAtha hI kucha gaccha aise bhI haiM jo kucha samaya prabhAva meM rahane ke pazcAt lupta prAyaH ho gae haiN| aba unake ullekha mAtra ho avaziSTa raha gae haiN| yahA~ hama zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya ke vibhinna gacchoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiN| 1. bRhad gaccha : .. bRhad gaccha kA eka anya nAma vaDagaccha bhI milatA hai| isa gaccha kA prAcInatama abhilekha 954 I0 kA upalabdha hai jisameM bRhad gaccha ke AcArya paramAnandasUri ke ziSya yakSadevasUri kA ullekha huA hai| isake alAvA 1259 I0 se 1502 I0 taka ke lagabhaga 40 abhilekha aura upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM isa gaccha tathA isake AcAryoM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| / 1. saMvat 1011 bRhadgacchIya zrIparamAnandasUri ziSya zrI yakSadevasUribhiH . pratiSThitaM / -loDhA, daulatasiMha-zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 331 2. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 219, 220, 292 (a) - (sa) vinayasAgara-pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 226

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64 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 12 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 17 vIM-18 vIM zatAbdI taka ke upalabdha abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA evaM jinAlayoM ko sthApanA Adi karane ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| isa gaccha ke AcArya sAhitya-sRjana meM bhI paryApta ruci rakhate the| isa gaccha ke pramukha AcArya aura unake dvArA racita sAhitya kA upalabdha vivaraNa isa. prakAra hai1. nemicandasari : AcArya nemicaMdasUri dvArA racita sAhitya isa prakAra hai( 1 ) AkhyAnamaNikoSa, (mUla) (2) Atmabodhakulaka / ( 3 ) uttarAdhyayanavRtti (sukhabodhA) ( 4 ) ratnacUDakathA ( 5 ) mhaaviircriyN| 2. municandrasUri : municandrasUri ne kula 31 grantha likhe haiM / unameM se vartamAna meM nimna 10 grantha hI upalabdha haiM (1) anekAntajayapatAkATippanaka, (2) lalitavistarApaJjikA, (3) upadezapada-sukhabodhAvRtti, (4) dharmabindu-vRtti, (5) yogabindu-vRtti, (6) karmapravRtti-vizeSavRtti, (7) Avazyaka (pAkSika) saptatikA, (8) rasA. ulagAthAkoSa, (9) sArdhazatakacUrNI, (10) pArzvanAthastavanam / 3. vAdidevasUri : AcArya vAdidevasari dvArA racita sAhitya isa prakAra hai (1) pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra, (2) syAdvAdaratnAkara (TIkA graMtha), (3) municandrasUrigurustuti, (4) municandraguruvirahastuti, (5) yatidinacaryA, (6) upadhAnasvarUpa, (7) prabhAtasmaraNa, (8) upadezakulaka, (9) saMsArodignamanorathakulaka, (10) kaliMkuDapArzvastavanam aadi| 4. haribhadrasUri : ____ AcArya haribhadrasUri dvArA racita cAra granthoM kI jAnakArI milatI (1) baMdha svAmitva [vRtti], (2) AgAmikavastuvicArasAraprakaraNa [vRtti], (3) zreyAMsanAthacarita, (4) prazamaratiprakaraNa [vRtti / 1. DaoN. zivaprasAda-bRhad gaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa, uddhRta-Aspects of Jainology, Vol. 3, p. 105-113

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 65. 5. ratnaprabhasUri: AcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA racita sAhitya nimnAnusAra hai (1) ratnAkarAvatArikA [TIkA] , (2) doghaTTIvRtti, (3) neminAthacarita, (4) mataparIkSApaMcAzata, (5) syAdvAdaratnAkara [laghu TIkA] / 6. hemacandrasUri : ___ Apa AcArya ajitadevasUri ke ziSya the aura Apane neminAbheya kAvya kI racanA kI thii| 7. haribhadrasUri : haribhadrasUri ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra granthoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu caMdraprabhacaritra, mallinAthacaritra aura neminAthacaritra-ina tIna caritra granthoM ke atirikta zeSa 21 caritra grantha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| 8. somaprabhasuri: AcArya somaprabhasUri ne cAra granthoM kI racanA kI thI-(1) kumArapAlapratibodha, (2) sumatinAthacaritra, (3) sUktamuktAvalI aura (4) siMdura- . prkrnn| 9. nemicandrasUri : . nemicandrasUri AcArya AmradevasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne pravacanasAroddhAra nAmaka mahatvapUrNa dArzanika grantha kI racanA kI thii| bRhadgaccha kA ullekha karane vAlI prAcInatama prazastiyA~ 12 vIM zatAbdI ko haiM / isa gaccha kI utpatti ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlane vAlo cAra prazastiyAM isa prakAra haiM- (1) ratnaprabhasUri dvArA racita upadezamAlAprakaraNavRtti [I0 san . 1181] (2) muni sundarasUri dvArA racita gurvAvalI [I0 san 1409] (3) dharmasAgarasUri dvArA racita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI [I0 san 1591] (4) munimAla dvArA racita bRhadgacchagurvAvalI [I0 san 1694] ina prazastiyoM ke anusAra arbuda parvata para I0 san 937 meM eka vaTa .. : 1. DaoN. zivaprasAda-bRhadgaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa : uddhRta-Aspects of Jainology, Vol. 3, P. 105-106 .. ..

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. 66 : jainadharma ke sampradAya vRkSa ke nIce AcArya udyotanasUri ne sarvadevasUri sahita ATha muniyoM ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA thaa| vaTa vRkSa ke nIce isa gaccha ko AcArya pada pradAna kie jAne ke kAraNa hI yaha gaccha vaDagaccha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAne lagA / sarvadevasUri vaDagaccha ke prathama AcArya hue| bRhadgaccha nAma isI vaDagaccha kA kAlakramAnusAra parivartita nAma hai| kAlAntara meM bRhadgaccha se bhI aneka zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM kA AvirbhAva huA, kintu vartamAna samaya meM yaha gaccha astitva meM nahIM hai| 2. saMDeragaccha : saMDeragaccha 10vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga saMDera (vartamAna sAMDerAva ) se astitva meM aayaa| isa gaccha kA sabase prAcIna abhilekha 992 I0 kA hai|' 1147 I0 se 1531 I. taka ke lagabhaga 40 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA tathA isake prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhaNDArI gotra ke pUrvaja dradarAva ne saMDeragaccha ke yazobhadrasUri se hI jaina dharma aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| isa gaccha ke prathama AcArya IzvarasUri mAne jAte haiN| unakI ziSya paraMparA meM yazobhadrasUri, zAlisUri, sumatisUri, zAMtisUri aura IzvarasUri (dvitIya ) Adi prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isa gaccha meM gacchanAyaka AcAryoM ko ye ho pAMca paramparAgata nAma kramazaH diye jAte the, zeSa muniyoM ke nAma to jIvana paryanta ve hI bane rahate the, jo unheM dIkSA ke samaya diye jAte the|" sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM 1228 I0 se 1593 I. taka kI isa gaccha ko nimna 6 dAtA prazastiyA~ upalabdha haiN| jinameM isa gaccha ke AcAryoM tathA unake dvArA racita sAhitya kI jAnakArI milatI hai 1. nAhara, puranacanda-jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 1944 2. (ka) lor3A, daulatasiMha-zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 173, 208 (kha) vinayasAgara-pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 228 3. jaina, zrImatI) DaoN. rAjeza-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 137 4. DaoN. zivaprasAda-saMDeragaccha kA itihAsa; ca-Aspects of Jainology, Vol. 3, P. 194 5. vahI, pRSTha 197 6. vahI, pRSTha 194-197

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jainAparma ke sampradAya : 67 1. SaTvidhAvazyakavivaraNa kI dAtA prazasti (lekhana samaya 1228 I0) 2. mahAvIracaritra kI dAtA prazasti (lekhana samaya 1267 I.) 3. pariziSTaparva ke pratilekhana ko dAtA prazasti(lekhana samaya 1422 I0) 4. kalpasUtra ke pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti (lekhana samaya 1529 I0) 5. bhojacaritra ke pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti (lekhana samaya 1539 I0) 6. SaTpaMcAsikAstavana ke pratilekhana kI dAtA prazasti (lekhana samaya 1593 I0) 10vIM zatAbdI meM utpanna hue isa gaccha kA gauravapUrNa astitva 17vIM-18vIM zatAbdI taka banA rahA, tatpazcAt isa gaccha ke anuyAyI tapAgaccha meM sammilita ho gye| 3. dharmaghoSagaccha : zvetAmbara paramparA meM candrakula kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| isa kula se samaya-samaya para aneka zAkhAeM-upazAkhAe~, nikalI haiM, jo bAda meM vividha gacchoM ke rUpa meM astitva meM aayiiN| 10vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa candrakula kI eka zAkhA dharmaghoSagaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huii| AcArya dharmaghoSasUri isa gaccha,ke prathama prabhAvaka AcArya mAne jAte haiN| dharmaghoSagaccha kI aitihAsika jAnakArI ke lie sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya donoM prakAra ke sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM / sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM grantha prazastiyoM, pratilipi prazastiyoM tathA rAjagaccha kI paTTAvalI meM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA hai| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM 1247 I0 seM 1534 I. taka ke lagabhaga 200 lekha milate haiM, jo prAyaH jinapratimAoM para utkIrNa haiN| inake AdhAra para isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI sAhitya sevA, tIrthoddhAra, nUtana jinAlayoM ke nirmANa evaM jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA Adi karAne kI jAnakArI milatI hai| - upalabdha abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha ke nimnalikhita AcAryoM ke nAma prApta hote haiM__ candrasUri, bhuvanacaMdrasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, devendrasUri, AnandasUri, municaMdrasUri, guptacaMdrasUri, jJAnacaMdrasUri Adi / 1. tripuTI mahArAja-jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 558-569 2. DaoN0 zivaprasAda-dharmaghoSagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa, - uddhRta-zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1990, pR0 62-102 3. vahI, pR0 62-102

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68: jainadharma ke sampradAya paryApta sAhityika sAkSya ke abhAva meM isa gaccha ke sambandha meM anya jAnakAriyA~ jJAta nahIM ho sakI haiM / 4. AmradevAcAryagaccha : .. yaha gaccha nivRttikula kI eka zAkhA hai| isa gaccha ko nivRttikUla ke AcArya Amradeva se sambandhita mAnA jAtA hai| upalabdha srotoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha 11vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM thaa|' isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA isakI vizeSa mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM ? ityAdi jAnakAriyAM upalabdha nahIM hotI haiN| . 5. kharataragaccha : ___ vartamAna samaya meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya ke jo gaccha astitva meM haiM, unameM kharataragaccha kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isa gaccha kA prArambha 1017 I0 meM honA mAnA jAtA hai| isa gaccha kI sthApanA meM caulukya nareza durlabharAja ( vi0 saM0 1066-1082 ) kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| isa gaccha ke pravartaka AcArya jinezvarasUri hue, jo varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya the| vibhinna sampradAyoM kI taraha kharataragaccha bhI dhIre-dhIre kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA, jo isa prakAra haiM 1. madhukara kharatara zAkhA, 2. rudrapallIya kharatara zAkhA, 3. laghu kharatara zAkhA, 4. vaikaTa kharatara zAkhA, 5. pippalaka kharatara zAkhA, 6. AcArthiyA kharatara zAkhA, 7. bhAvaharSIya kharatara zAkhA, 8. laghu AcAbiyA kharatara zAkhA, 9. raMgavijaya kharatara zAkhA, 10. sAroya kharatara zAkhA, 11. sAdhu zAkhA, 12. mANikyasUri zAkhA, 13. kSemakIrti zAkhA, 14. jinaraMgasUri zAkhA, 15. kharataragaccha kA candrakula, 16. kharataragaccha kA nandigaNa, 17. vardhamAna svAmI anvaya, 18. jinavardhamAnasUri zAkhA aura 19. raMgavijaya zAkhA / 1. jayantavijaya-abudAcalapradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha, kramAMka 396, 470-473 2. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 84 3. (ka) candraprabhasAgara-kharataragaccha kA AdikAlIna itihAsa, pR0 81-83 (kha) zAstrI, kailAzacandra jainadharma, pR0 312 4. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR0 84-85

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 69 __ kharataragaccha kA ullekha karane vAle saikar3oM lekha upalabdha hote haiN|' zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra tapAgaccha, aMcalagaccha Adi prAcIna gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva kharataragaccha ke bAda huA hai| isa gaccha kI AcArya paramparA kA ullekha muni candraprabhasAgara ne apane grantha "kharataragaccha kA AdikAlIna itihAsa" meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai| vistArabhaya ke kAraNa hama vaha ullekha yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| kharataragaccha meM vartamAna samaya meM lagabhaga 225 sAghu-sAdhviyAM haiN| isa gaccha ko AcAra viSayaka kucha mAnyatAe~ anya gacchoM se bhinna haiM, jinakA ullekha hama vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana evaM AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA vivecana karate samaya Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| 6. kAsahRda gaccha: rAjasthAna meM sirohI rAjya ke kAsindrA gAMva meM utpanna yaha gaccha vidyAdharagaccha kA upagaccha mAnA jAtA hai| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1034 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| - isa gaccha kA prAdurbhAva kaba, kahAM evaM kisake dvArA huA tathA inako mAnyatAeM kyA thI ? ityAdi jAnakAriyAM ajJAta haiN| 7. osavAla gaccha : yaha gaccha sambhavataH osavAla jAti se sambandhita hai / isa gaccha kA ullekha 1043 I0 ke eka pratimA lekha meM milatA hai| isa gaccha se sambandhita koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| .8. nivRttigaccha : . isa gaccha kI utpatti bhI nivRttikula se mAnI jAtI hai| yaha gaccha . sambhavataH 11 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 16 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka astitva meM rahA hogA, kyoMki isI avadhi ke pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha 1. pratiSThAlekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 223 2. kharataragaccha kA AdikAlIna itihAsa, bhUmikA pR0 6 3. kharataragaccha kA AdikAlIna itihAsa, pR0 81-83 4. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR0 88 5. prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 316; uddhRta-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR0 87

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. 70 : manavama ke sampradAya kA ullekha huA hai / ' 1073 I0 ko eka pASANa-pratimA rAjasthAna ke lauTANA tIrtha se prApta huI hai, jo kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| isa pratimA para nivRttikUla kA tathA kinhIM zekharasUri kA nAma utkIrNa hai| __anya gacchoM kI taraha isa gaccha ke viSaya meM bhI aisI koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai jisase yaha jJAta kiyA jA sake ki isa gaccha ko utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inako mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM? .. 9. rAjagaccha : ___ candrakula se samaya-samaya para aneka gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, rAjagaccha bhI unameM se eka hai| 11vIM zatI ke AsapAsa isa gaccha kA prAdurbhAva mAnA jAtA hai / candrakula ke AcArya pradyumnasUri ke praziSya dhanezvarasUri (prathama) dIkSA lene ke pUrva rAjA the, ataH unakI ziSya paraMparA rAjagaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta hii| 11voM se 15vIM zatI ke kucha pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA hai| isa gaccha meM dhanezvarasUri (dvitIya), pArzvadevagaNi, siddhasenasUri, devabhadrasUri, mANikyacandrasUri, prabhAcandrasUri Adi kaI prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| isa gaccha se sambaddha sAhityika sAkSyoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai, ataH isake bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai| 10. vAyaTagaccha : isa gaccha ke viSaya meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu 1078 I0 aura 1104 I0 ke do pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha avazya milatA hai| jisase yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki 11vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM evaM 12vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM yaha gaccha astitva meM rahA hogaa| 11. vAtpIya gaccha : 1105 I0 aura 1281 I0 ke do abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake 1. (ka) zrI jana pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 318 (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 712, 937 2. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 379, 441, 458 3. bahI, kramAMka 7, 12 4. Jain, Kailash Chandra-Jainism in Rajasthan, P. 68

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jainaSarsa ke sampradAya : 71 dvArA huI tathA inakI AcArya paramparA evaM mAnyatAe~ kyA thI? yaha saba jAnakAriyAM ajJAta haiN| 12. devAcArya gaccha : pallikA (vartamAna pAlI) se prApta 1121 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hai|' isI abhilekha meM mahezvarAcArya AmnAya ke udyotana AcArya kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sAhityika sAkSya ke abhAva meM isa gaccha se saMbaMdhita aura adhika jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 13. bArAsaNA gaccha : saMbhavataH AcArya yazodevasUri ke dvArA 1127 I0 meM isa gaccha kI utpatti huI thii| isI gaccha ke AcArya devacandrasUri dvArA vividha jeba mandiroM meM bahuta-sI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karAne ke ullekha milate haiN| isa gaccha ke saMbaMdha meM bhI adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 14 koraMTa gaccha: - yaha gaccha upakezagaccha kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| upalabdha abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha ke tIna AcAryoM-kakkasUri, sAvadevasUri aura nannasUri ke nAma milate haiN| : isa gaccha kI utpatti rAjasthAna ke prAcIna nagara evaM prasiddha jaina tIrtha koraTA se huii| isa gaccha ke aitihAsika adhyayana ke lie sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya donoM prakAra ke sAkSya upalabdha haiN| sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kI tIna prazastiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| 1. mahAvIra caritra ko vAtA prazasti : ..' mahAvIra caritra kI vi0 saM0 1368 meM kI gayI pratilipi kI dAtA prazasti meM koraMTagacchoya AcArya kRSNarSi aura AcArya nannasUri kA nAmollekha upalabdha hotA hai| 1. nAhara, pUranacanda-jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, kramAMka 813 .2. abu damaMDala kA sAMskRtika vaibhava, pR0 225; 'uddhRta-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 88 3. DaoN. zivaprasAda-koraMTa gaccha, zramaNa, varSa 40 baiMka 5 (mArca 1989), pR0 16

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72 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 2. ajitanAtha caritra kI dAtA prazasti : koraMTa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAlA yaha sAhityika sAkSya trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke dvitIya sarga kI vi0 saM0 1436 meM taiyAra kI gayI pratilipi ko dAtA prazasti hai / 9 zlokoM kI isa prazasti meM prathama cAra zlokoM meM dAtA zrAvaka devasiMha aura usake parivAra kA paricaya hai tathA antima pAMca zlokoM meM AcArya nannasUri kA prazaMsAtmaka vivaraNa hai| . 3. rAjapraznIyasUtra kI dAtA prazasti : * rAjapraznIyasUtra kI vi0saM0 1691 meM taiyAra ko gayo pratilipi ko yaha dAtA prazasti koraMTagaccha ke itihAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie upalabdha tIsarA aura antima sAhityika sAkSya hai| isa prazasti meM koraMTagacchoya vAcaka paramparA kI gurvAvalI bhI dI gayI hai| abhilekhIya sAkSya : ___ isa gaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM para pratiSThApita pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM se isa gaccha se sambandhita paryApta jAnakAro milatI hai| 1144 I0 se 1555 I. taka ke lagabhaga 140 abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA hai|' upalabdha sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM astitva meM AyA aura 16vIM zatAbdI taka astitva meM rhaa| 400 varSoM taka vidyamAna rahakara bhI isa gaccha ke AcAryoM ne koI vizeSa sAhityika yogadAna nahIM dekara svayaM ko mAtra nUtana jinAlayoM ke nirmANa evaM navIna jina-pratimAoM kI pratiSThA taka hI sImita rkhaa| 16vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA aisA koI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai jisameM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA ho, isalie yaha kahanA upayukta hogA ki 16vIM zatAbdI ke bAda isa gaccha ke anuyAyI bho usa samaya meM vidyamAna anya prabhAvazAlI gacchoM meM sammilita ho gae hoNge| 15. devAbhidita gaccha : 1144 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| jisase jJAta hotA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga yaha gaccha astitva meM 1. DaoN. zivaprasAda-koraMTa gaccha; zramaNa, mArca 9989, pR0 18-43 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 1998

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 73 rahA hogaa| isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI mAnyatAe~ kyA thI? ityAdi praznoM ke uttara sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM anuttarita haiN| 16. rUdrapallIyagaccha yaha gaccha kharataragaccha ko eka zAkhA hai| rUdrapallo nAmaka sthAna "para 1147 I0 meM jinezvarasUri ke dvArA isa gaccha kI utpatti huii| 1147 I0 se 1496 I. taka ke 10 pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| ina pratimAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa gaccha meM devasundarasUri, somasundarasUri, gagasamudrasUri, harSadevasUri, harSa sundarasUri Adi kaI AcArya hue haiM / zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra vi0 saM0 ko 17vIM zatI taka isa gaccha kA astitva thaa| 17. pizapAlAcAryagaccha : isa gaccha kI utpatti AcArya pizapAla ke nAma se huI hai / 1151I0 ke eka pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha milatA hai| isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM aura adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / 18. nANakIya gaccha : zvetAmbara sampradAya ke caityavAsI gacchoM meM nANakIya gaccha pramukha rahA hai| yaha gaccha 12vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga astitva meM aayaa| isa gaccha kI utpatti 'nANA' nAmaka prAcIna tIrtha se huI thii| isa gaccha kA ullekha mUrtilekhoM meM nANakIya evaM jJAnakIya donoM nAmoM se milatA hai| isake alAvA isa gaccha ke nANagaccha, nANAgaccha aura nANAvAlagaccha Adi nAma bhI milate haiN| . nANakoya gaccha ke aitihAsika adhyayana ke lie sAhityika evaM abhilekhoya donoM hI sAkSya upalabdha haiN| 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pRSTha 227 . 2. nAhaTA, agaracanda-pallIvAlagaccha paTTAvalo-zrI AtmArAmajI zatAbdI grantha, pRSTha 155-156 . 3. Jainism in Rajasthan p. 62 4. (ka) pratiSThAlekha saMgraha, kramAMka 68, 89, 139, 301 : (kha) vahIM, kramAMka 349, 381, 467, 519, 671, 697, 779, 832, 842, 874, 914

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74 : navarma ke sampradAya sAhityika sAkSya : - isa gaccha ke aitihAsika adhyayana ke lie sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM mAtra do prazastiyAM upalabdha haiM1. bRhatsaMgrahaNIpustikA ko vAtA prazasti : ___yaha dAtA prazasti 1215 I0 meM likhI gii| isameM gosA zrAvaka ko bahana pavaiNI dvArA nANakIya gaccha ke jayadeva upAdhyAya ko uktaH. pustikA kI pratilipi bheMTa meM dene kA ullekha milatA hai| (2) SaTakarmaavacUri ke pratilekhana kI vAtAprazasti : ... 10 paMktiyoM meM likhita yaha dAtA prazasti nANakIya gaccha se sambandhita dUsarA aura antima sAhityika sAkSya hai| yaha prazasti 1535 I0 meM likhI gaI thii| isa prazasti meM isa gaccha ke cAra paramparAgata AcAryoMAcArya zAMtisUri, siddhasenasUri, dhanezvarasUri aura mahendrasUri kA nAmollekha hone se ise mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| abhilekhIya sAkSya : ___ yadyapi isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAle sAhityika sAkSya kI upalabdhatA bahuta kama hai tathApi 1155 I. se 1542 I. taka ke lagabhaga 150 abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM isa gaccha se sambandhita jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| upalabdha sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA yaha gaccha 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka vidyamAna rhaa| 16vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA aisA koI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai, jisameM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA ho| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 16vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt isa gaccha ke anuyAyI anya gacchoM meM sammilita ho gae hoNge| 19. jalayodhara gaccha : jorAudra gAMva meM utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 2156 I0 se 1366 I0 taka ke pratimA lekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / isa gaccha se sambaddha 1. DaoN0 zivaprasAda-nANakIya gaccha, zramaNa, maI 1989, pR0 2-1 2. vahI, pR0 6-30 3. DaoN. zivaprasAda-jAlihara gaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa; dhamaNa, varSa 43, aMka 4-6, pR0 41-46

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 75 mAtra do prazastiyAM-naMdipadadurgavRtti kI dAtA prazasti ( 1160 I0) tathA padmaprabhacarita ko prazasti ( 1198 I0 ) hI milatI haiN| padmaprabhacarita kI prazasti se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha vidyAdhara gaccha kI eka zAkhA yo| 20. mAgamika gaccha : candrakula kI eka zAkhA vRhadgaccha ke nAma se prasiddha tho| isI vRhadgaccha se 1092 I0 meM pUrNimA gaccha kA prAdurbhAva huA aura usI pUrNimA gaccha kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM 1157 I0 athavA 1193 I0 meM Agamika gaccha utpanna huaa| isa gaccha kA eka anya nAma Agama gaccha bhI milatA hai| isa gaccha kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya ullekha 1364 I. ke eka pratimAlekha meM huA hai| isake atirikta 1414 I0 se 1524 I. taka ke 11 anya lekhoM meM bhI isa gaccha ke vividha AcAryoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| pUrNimA gaccha ke pravartaka AcArya candraprabhasUri ke ziSya AcArya zIlaguNasUri isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya mAne jAte haiM / Agamika gaccha aura usako zAkhAoM ko upalabdha vividha paTTAvaliyoM meM isa gaccha ke pravartaka AcArya ke rUpa meM zolaguNari kA ho nAmollekha upalabdha hotA hai| ... AcArya zIlaguNasUri ke sAtha hI isa gaccha ke kaI prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke nAma bhI ina paTTAvaliyoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, yathA-devabhadrasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, yazobhadrasUri, sarvANaMdasUri, abhayadevasUri, vajrasenasari,jinacandrasUri, hemasiMhasUri, ratnAkarasUri, vijayasiMhasUri, guNasamudrasUri, abhayasiMha 1. nAhaTA, amaracanda "jaina zramaNoM ke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza"; . uddhRta-yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, pR0 135-165 2. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 304 (a) 3. (ka) vahI, kramAMka 1, 75, 82, 247 / (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 215, 420, 531, 572, 639/ 745, 887 4. . zivaprasAda-Agamika gaccha/prAcIna tristutika gaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa; utta -Aspects of Jatnologs, Vol. 3, p. 241-243

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"76 : jainadharma ke sampradAya sUri, somatilakasUri, somacandrasUri, guNaratnasUri, munisiMhasUri, zola. ratnasUri, ANaMdaprabhasUri aura muniratnasUri Adi / upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para jahAM eka ora yaha spaSTa hotA hai / ki yaha gaccha 13vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha athavA madhya meM kabhI astitva meM AyA hogA, vahIM dUsarI ora vikrama saMvat kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt isa gaccha se sambandhita sAkSyoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnanA upayukta hogA ki 400 varSa kI avadhi taka astitva meM rahane ke pazcAt 17vIM zatAbdI ke bAda isa gaccha kA svatantra astitva samApta / ho gayA hogA aura isake anuyAyI usa samaya meM vidyamAna vividha gacchoM meM sammilita ho gaye hoNge| ___isa gaccha ko vizeSa mAnyatAyeM kyA thIM? yaha ullekha hama Age yathAsthAna . kreNge| sAmAnyatayA isa gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ko eka viziSTatA yaha thI ki ye kSetrapAla (bhairava) kI pUjA kA niSedha karate the| 21. bhAvadevAcArya gaccha : __isa maccha kA prArambha AcArya bhAvadeva se honA mAnA jAtA hai| 1157 I0 ke eka pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|2 isa gaccha ko utpatti kaba evaM kahAM huI tathA isa gaccha kI mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM ? ityAdi prazna sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM anuttarita haiN| 22. brahmANa gaccha : isa gaccha kA utpatti sthala rAjasthAna ke sirohI meM sthita brahmANaka ( varamANa tIrtha ) ko mAnA jAtA hai| isa gaccha ke AcArya pradyumnasUri kA nAmollekha 1160 I0 aura 1185I. ke lekhoM meM huA hai| 1160 I0 - se 1511 I0 taka ke lagabhaga 50 pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| ina lekhoM meM vimalasUri, buddhisAgarasUri, udayaprabhasUri Adi AcAryoM ke nAma punaH punaH Aye haiN| yadyapi abhilekhIya sAkSya 1. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 95 2. pratiSThAlekha saMgraha, kramAMka 24 3. (ka) zrI jaina pratimAlekha saMgraha, pR0 53-54 (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 226 .

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 77. paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM tathApi sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isagaccha ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 23. bRhata tapAgaccha : isa gaccha ko tapAgaccha kI hI eka zAkhA mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki isa gaccha ke AcArya hemacandra kA ullakha 1163 I. ke eka pratimA lekha meM milatA hai| jabaki tapAgaccha kI utpatti 1228 I0 huI thii| isa AdhAra para yaha to kahA ho jA sakatA hai ki bahat tapAgaccha, tapAgaccha se pUrva hI astitva meM thaa| 1354 I0 se 1835 I. taka ke lagabhaga 50 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gacchakA ullekha huA hai| isa gaccha kA eka anya nAma "vRddhatapA" bhoH milatA hai| __ 12vIM zatAbdI se 19vIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga 700 varSoM taka astitva meM rahakara bho isa gaccha ke AcAryoM ne koI vizeSa sAhityikayogadAna nahIM dekara svayaM ko mAtra natana jinAlayoM ke nirmANa evaM navona jina-pratimAoM ko pratiSThA karavAne taka hI sImita rakhA, isalie isa gaccha kI vizeSa mAnyatAyeM jJAta nahIM ho sakI haiM / 24. dhArA gaccha: rAjasthAna meM sirohI ke ajitanAtha mandira meM upalabdha 1177 I0. ke eka mAtra pratimAlekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hai| paryApta abhilekhoya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha ke sabaMdha meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 25. pUrNimiyA gaccha aura sArSapUNimiyA gaccha : * isa gaccha kI utpatti 1102 I0 meM huI thii|5 1375 I0 se 1476.. I0 taka ke. 5 pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha ke kaI prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke nAma 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 85 2. nAhara, puranacanda-jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 1194 3. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pRSTha 43-45 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 36 5. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, bhAga 5, khaMDa 2, pRSTha0 23; uddhRta-madhyakAlonA rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 96

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78 : jainadharma ke sampradAya upalabdha haiM', yathA-AcArya dharmaghoSasUri, devasUri, cakrezvarasUri, samudraghoSasUri, vimalagaNi, devabhadrasUri tathA tilakAcArya Adi / anya gacchoM kI tulanA meM isa gaccha kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki isa gaccha ke anuyAyI pratimApUjA phaloM se nahIM karate the| tathA pAkSika pratikramaNa caturdazI ke sthAna para pUrNimA ko karate the| 26. candragacha : . candrakula se utpanna isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya candrasUri mAne jAte haiN| isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAle do lekha jAlora aura sirohI se prApta hote haiM, jo 1125 I0 aura 1182 I0 ke haiN| 1235 I0 ke eka anya abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke nAmollekha ke sAtha hI isa gaccha ke prabhAvaka AcArya paramAnandasUri aura unake ziSya ratnaprabhusUri kA bho ullekha milatA hai| isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM aura adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| .27. aMcala gaccha: aMcala gaccha kA nAmollekha karane vAlA prAcInatama sAkSya 1206 I. kA eka pratimA lekha hai| isake alAvA 1276 I0 se 1614 I. taka ke lagabhaga 30 pratimA lekhoM meM bhI isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hai| isa gaccha kA "aMcala gaccha" nAma par3ane kI eka kathA isa prakAra hai ki eka bAra kotI nAmaka kisI vyApArI ne pratikramaNa ke samaya muMha para muMhapattI nahIM lagAkara aMcala ( vastra ke Tukar3e) kA prayoga kiyA thaa| yaha dekhakara kumArapAla ne apane guru vijayacanda se aisA karane kA kAraNa pUchA to guru ne isa naye pakSa ke bAre meM samajhAyA, kahate haiM tabhI se kumAra1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 158, 359, 361, 709, 765 2. Jainism in Rajasthan, page 59 3. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pRSTha 87 4- (ka) abuMdAcala pradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha, bhAga 5, kramAMka 24, (kha) Uttam Kamal Jain muni-Jain Sects and schools. P.53 5. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 308 6. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 222

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jainadharma ke samprakSaya : 79 pAla bhI mahapattI ke sthAna para aMcala kA hI prayoga karane lgaa| isa prakAra muMhapatto ke sthAna para aMcala ( uttarIya ke eka chora ) kA prayoga karane ke kAraNa hI isa gaccha kA nAma aMcala gaccha par3A hai| vartamAna samaya meM isa gaccha meM do AcArya evaM lagabhaga 250 sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ haiN| 28. tapAgaccha : ___ upalabdha sAhityika sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jagacandrasUri kI kaThora -tasyA se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna mevAr3a nareza jaitrasiMha ne 1228 I. meM unheM "tapA" nAmaka upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa se inakA gaccha tapAgaccha nAma se vikhyAta ho gayA / 2 anya gacchoM ko taraha tapAgaccha se bhI kaI upazAkhAe~ nikalI haiN| karnala mAIlsa ne tapAgaccha.kI nimna zAkhAeM batalAI haiM 1. vijayadevasUri tapAzAkhA, 2. vijayarAjasUri tapA zAkhA, 3. kamala kalaza tapA zAkhA, 4. vRhat posAla tapA zAkhA. 5. laghu posAla tapA zAkhA, 6. sAgara gaccha tapA zAkhA, 7. kutubapurA gaccha tapA zAkhA, 8. vijayAnandasUri tapA zAkhA, 9. vijayaratnasUri tapA zAkhA, 10. AgamIya tapA zAkhA, 11: brAhmI tapA zAkhA aura 12. nAgaurI tapA zAkhA / upalabdha abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM tapAgaccha ko nimnalikhita zAkhAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai.. 1. vRddha tapA zAkhA, 2. vijaya tapA zAkhA, 3. candakula tapAzAkhA aura. 4. saMvighna tapA zAkhA / - AcArya sudharmA se lekara vartamAna samaya taka kI jo AcArya paraMparA isa gaccha ko mAmya hai, usakA vistRta ullekha "zrImadrarAjendrasUri smAraka granthA meM huA hai| vistArabhaya ke kAraNa hama vaha vivaraNa yahA~ nahIM de tapAgaccha kI vividha mAnyatAe~ anya gacchoM se kaI bAtoM meM bhinna .. .1. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, bhAga 5, khaMDa 2, sthavirAvalI, pR0 65 uddhRta-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma pR0 94-15 2. jainalekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 1194 3. Jain sects and schools, P. 60" 5. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, 6 5. zrImadrarAjendrasUrismAraka yA 11144651

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80: jainadharma ke sampradAya haiM isakA ullekha hama vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana tathA AcAra sambandhI. mAnyatAoM kA adhyayana karate samaya Age ke pRSThoM meM kareMge, kintu isa gaccha kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki inake mata meM "iriyAvahI" ( mArmAlocanA ) sAmAyika pATha uccAraNa karane se pahale kI jAtI haiM jabaki kharataragaccha ke anusAra "iriyAvahI" sAmAyika pATha grahaNa karane ke pazcAt kI jAtI hai|' tapAgaccha meM vartamAna samaya meM lagabhaga 100. . AcArya evaM 5000 sAdhu-sAdhviyAM haiN| 29. pippala gaccha: 1235 I0 se 1504 I0 taka ke lagabhaga 50 abhilekhoM meM isa gacchakA nAmollekha mAtra milatA hai, kintu isa gaccha kA udbhava kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huA tathA AcAra viSayaka inakI mAnyatAeM kyA thIM? . ityAdi prazna paryApta sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM anuttarita haiN| 30. nAgendra gaccha : __ isa gaccha kI utpatti nAgendra kula se huI thI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1238 I0 se 1560 I. taka ke lagabhaga 20 mUrtilekhoM meM huA hai| isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAlA koI sAhityikasAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai, isalie isa gaccha ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 31. caitragacchaH isa gaccha kA ullekha 1243 I0 se 1535 I. taka ke 20 mUrtilekhoM meM milatA hai| dhanezvarasUri isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| isa gaccha se kaI avAntara zAkhAoM kA janma huA, jaise-bhartRpurIya zAkhA, dhAraNapadrIya zAkhA, cartudazIya zAkhA, cAndrasAmIya zAkhA, salaSaNapurA zAkhA, kaMboiyA zAkhA, aSTApada zAkhA tathA zArdUla zAkhA aadi| 1. candraprabhasAgara-mahopAdhyAya samayasundara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 449-- 450 2. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR0 47-50 3. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR0 46-47 (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 226 4. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 106, 67, 17, 37, 213, 367 (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 224 ...

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 81 32. hastIkuNDI gaccha : zvetAmbara sampradAya kI mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM aise gaccha bahutAyata meM milate haiM jinake nAmollekha mAtra yatra-tatra mila jAte haiM, kintu unase saMbaMdhita aura koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| aisA hI eka gaccha hastIkuNDI gaccha hai| isa gaccha kA nAmollekha udayapura se prApta 1281 I0 ke eka lekha meM milatA hai| isa gaccha se saMbaMdhita anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 33. kAcholo gaccha: __ kAcholI gaccha pUrNimA gaccha kI eka zAkhA hai| rAjasthAna ke sirohI rAjya meM kAcholI gAMva hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki yahIM se isa gaccha kI utpatti huI hai| isI gAMva meM 1286 I. ke upalabdha eka pratimA lekha meM isa gaccha ke kinhIM merUmuni kA nAma ullekhita hai / 2. 34. upakeza gaccha : ___ isa gaccha kI utpatti rAjasthAna meM sthita osiyA (upakeza nagara) se haI tho, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isa gaccha kA nAmollekha 1287 I0 se 1535 I0 taka ke lagabhaga 60 pratimA lekhoM meM milatA hai| ___ upakezagaccha se saMbaMdhita pratimAlekhoM meM kakkasUri, devaguptasUri aura siddhasUri-ina tIna paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI prAyaH punarAvRtti hotI rahI hai| isa gaccha ke kaI prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne sAhityopAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha nUtana jinAlayoM ke nirmANa, prAcIna jinAlayoM ke jIrNoddhAra tathA jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA dvArA pazcima bhArata meM zvetAmbara zramaNa paramparA ko jIvanta banAe rakhane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| anya gacchoM kI bhAMti upakezagaccha se bhI kaI avAntara zAkhAoM kA janma huaa| isa gaccha se dvivaMdanIka zAkhA (1210 I0), kharataratapAzAkhA (1252 I0) tathA khAdirIzAkhA (1442 I0) astitva meM aayiiN| ina zAkhAoM ke atirikta isI gaccha kI do anya zAkhAoM-kakudAcAryasaMtAnIya tathA siddhAcAryasaMtAnIya zAkhA kI bhI jAnakArI milatI hai, kintu inake utpatti kAla kI koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| 1. prAcIna lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 43 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 332 3. pratiSThAlekha saMgraha-pariziSTa, 2.10 222

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.82 : janadharma ke sampradAya sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI kRtiyoM ko prazastiyA~, prAcIna granthoM kI dAtA prazastiyAM, kucha paTTAvaliyAM tathA do prabandha-upakezagaccha prabandha aura nAbhinandanajinoddhAra prabandha upalabdha haiN| jJAtavya hai ki anya sabhI gaccha jahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra se apanI paramparA ko jor3ate haiM, vahIM yaha gaccha apanA sambandha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se jor3atA hai| 35. bhAvaDAra gaccha : 1292 I0 se 1481 I. taka ke lagabhaga 25 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha 13vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka astitva meM rahA hogaa| isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahAM evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI mAnyatAeM kyA thI ? ityAdi jAnakAriyAMajJAta haiN| 36. maDAhaDa gaccha : aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isa gaccha kI utpatti madAhada ( nAmaka ) sthAna se huI thii| 1310 I0 se 1526 I. taka ke kUla 9 matilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA hai| sAhityika sAkSya ke abhAva meM isa gaccha se sambandhita vizeSa jAnakAriyA~ jJAta nahIM ho sakI haiN| 37. jIsapallI gaccha: yaha gaccha 'jIrApallI' tIrtha ke nAma se prasiddha huA thaa| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1354 I0 se 1470 I0 taka ke 5 mUrtilekhoM meM milatA hai|' sAthAM pArzvanAtha mandira se prApta 1426 I. ke eka mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha ke ullekha ke sAtha kinhIM zAlibhadrasUri kA bho nAmollekha milatA hai| 38. pallI gaccha : isa gaccha kA utpatti sthala pAlI nagara mAnA jAtA hai| 1378 I. se 1518 I. taka ke lagabhaga 10 abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha 1. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR0 54-55 (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 227 2. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 334, 103 (kha . pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 210, 603, 672, 788, 789, 831, 972 3. (ka) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 310, 309, 256 138 / (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 245 ..

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 83 upalabdha hotA hai|' sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha se saMbaMdhita aura adhika jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 39. vRddha thArApadrIya gaccha : sambhavataH yaha gaccha thArApadrIya gaccha se hI saMbaMdhita rahA hogaa| ratalAma ( madhya pradeza ) tathA jayapura ( rAjasthAna ) ke mandiroM se prApta 1383 I. evaM 1470 I. ke mAtra do pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha 'milatA hai| upalabdha abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha gaccha thArApadrIya gaccha se bhI prAcIna rahA hogA, kintu vivecyakAla meM isakA vilaya thArApadrIya gaccha meM ho gayA homaa| paryApta abhilekhoM evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha se saMbaMdhita vistRta jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 40. dvivaMdanIka gaccha : ___ isa gaccha ko upakezagaccha kI eka zAkhA mAnA jAtA hai / 1390 I0, 1466 I0 aura 1468 I0 ke pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| lagabhaga eka zatAbdI taka astitva meM rahe isa gaccha se saMbaMdhita koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 41. jIrAulA gaccha: 1396 I0 kI eka dhAtupratimA meM isa gaccha kA ullekha huA hai| 1492 I0 evaM 1500 I0 ke do anya abhilekhoM meM bhI isa iccha kA nAmollekha milatA hai| paryApta abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 42. maladhArI galcha ... isa gaccha kA ullekha 1401 I0 se 1527 I0 taka ke 30 pratimAlekhoM meM milatA hai| sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM yaha jJAta nahIM ho 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 226 52. pratiSThA leza saMgraha, kramAMka 166, 687 3. vahI, kramAMka 173, 372, 652 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 855, 892 5. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 62 (ka) vahI, kramAMka 292 (ba) " (kha) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 227 /

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84 : jainadharma ke sampradAya sakA hai ki isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahAM evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI pramukha mAnyatAeM kyA thI ? 43. rAmasenIya gaccha : . 1401 I0 ke eka mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai|' isa lekha meM isa gaccha ko bokar3iyA gotra se sambandhita batalAyA hai| mAtra eka matilekha kI upalabdhatA se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki yaha gaccha adhika samaya taka astitva meM nahIM raha skaa| 4.kRSNarSi gaccha : isa gaccha kI utpatti kaba, kahAM, kisake dvArA tathA kyoM huI ? ityAdi vivaraNa anupalabdha haiN| kintu 1416 I0, 1444 I0, 1467 I0 tathA 1477 I0 ke 4 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha avazya huA hai| ina lekhoM meM isa gaccha ke jayasiMhasUri, prasannacandasUri tathA nayacandasUri-ina tIna paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti milatI hai| 45. pippalagacchetribhavIyA : isa zAkhA ko pippalagaccha kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| isa zAkhA kA ullekha. 1419 I0, 1467 I0 aura 1468 I. ke pratimAlekhoM meM huA hai| anyAnya gacchoM kI taraha isa gaccha ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| 46. pArApadrIya gaccha: . 1422 I0 se 1475 I0 taka ke 8 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA nAma 'thirApadrIya' bhI ullikhita hai| isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI vistRta jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 47. kRSNarSi tapAgaccha : yaha gaccha bhI tapAgaccha kI eka zAkhA mAnI jAtI hai| isa gaccha 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 182 2. vahI, kramAMka, 211, 351, 148, 782 3. vahI, kramAMka 217, 640, 100 4. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, apAMka 206, 268, 65, 142, 229, 61, 165,172

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 85 kA ullekha 1426 I0, 1450 I0, 1468 I0, 1473 I0 aura 1477 I. ke pratimAlekhoM meM milatA hai|' isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAle pAMcoM pratimAlekha 15vIM zatAbdI ke haiN| isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai 'ki yaha gaccha mAtra 15vIM zatAbdI meM hI astitva meM banA rhaa| paryApta sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha ke viSaya meM aura adhika jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 48. maDAhaDa ratnapurIya gaccha : yaha gaccha saMbhavataH maDAhaDa gaccha ko ho eka zAkhA rahI hogii| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1428 I0, 1444 I0 aura 1500 I0 ke 3 abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| . 49. purandara gaccha : - yaha gaccha bRhat tapAgaccha se utpanna huA hai, yaha saMketa 1439 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA kiye gaye vividha prakAra ke paropakArI kAryoM kA ullekha huA hai| abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke muni jagatacaMdasUri, devendrasUri aura devasundarasUri sahita purandara gaccha ke adhipati AcArya somadevasUri kA bhI nAmollekha huA hai| 50. bokar3iyA gaccha : 1439 I0 se 1505 I. taka ke 4 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| paryApta abhilekhoM evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI vizeSa jAnakAriyA~ bAta nahIM ho sakI haiN| 51.citravAla gaccha : .. 1444 I0 se 1456 I. taka ke 5 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / " mAtra 12 varSa kI alpAvadhi ke upalabdha ina mUrti1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 241, 416, 659, 722, 780 2. vahI, kramAMka 253, 339, 891 3. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 700. . 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha kramAMka 315, 714, 716, 916 1. vahI, kramAMka 346, 370, 396,434, 505..

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* 86 : jainadharma ke sampradAya lekhoM se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki jisa kisI AcArya ne isa gaccha kI utpatti kI hogI, saMbhavataH unake dehAvasAna ke sAtha hI yaha gaccha anya gacchoM meM vilIna ho gayA hogaa| adhikAMza gacchoM kI taraha isa gaccha. se saMbaMdhita anya koI bhI jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai / 52. saiddhAMtika gaccha : 1444 I0 se 1541 I0 taka ke 7 mUrtilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|' sAhityika sAkSyoM ko anupalabdhatA tathA upalabdha matilekhoM meM isa gaccha ke nAmollekha ke alAvA anya koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| ataH isa gaccha ko utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI mAnyatAe~ kyA thI? isa sandarbha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| 53. jJAnakalpa gaccha : ___ isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI to upalabdha nahIM hotI hai, kintu 1444 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| iso abhilekha meM kinhIM muni zAntisUri kA nAmollekha upalabdha hai| mAtra eka abhilekha ke atirikta anya koI abhilekhoya. athavA sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hone se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha bahuta kama samaya taka ho vidyamAna rahA hogaa| 54. pUrNimApakSebhImapalloyagaccha : 15vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga pUrNimA gaccha se kaI zAkhAe~ nikalI thiiN| yaha gaccha bhI pUrNimA gaccha kI eka zAkhA rahI hogii| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1456 I0 aura 1519 I0 ke 2 abhilekhoM meM milatA hai|' mAtra ina do abhilekhoM ko upalabdhatA se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha gaccha. eka zatAbdI taka bhI astitva meM nahIM rahA hogaa| 55. pUrNimApakSe kacholIvAla gaccha : yaha gaccha bhI saMbhavataH pUrNimA gaccha kI hI eka zAkhA raho hogii| 1. (ka) pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 999 (kha) zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 4, 19, 45, 153, 212, 252 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 1948 3. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 521, 962,

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jainadharma ke sampravAsa : 87 isa gaccha kA ullekha 1456 I0 aura 1468 I0 ke eka-eka tathA 1470 I0 ke do pratimAlekhoM-isa prakAra kula 4 lekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai|' isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 56. bRhadgacche jinerAvaMTake: vRhadgaccha kI isa zAkhA kA eka mAtra ullekha 1456 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| anya koI abhilekhoya evaM sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI sabhI prazna anuttarita haiN| 57. bhInamAla gaccha : bhInamAla se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1456 I0 ke eka mAtra abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 58. vimala gacha: 1460 I0 ke eka mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha mAtra upalabdha hotA hai| isa gaccha si sambandhita aura koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| 59. vahagacche jIrApallI gaccha : ____15vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga vRhadgaccha se kaI zAkhAeM vikasita huI thIM, unhIM meM se eka zAkhA vRhadgacche jIrApallI gaccha bhI thii| 1462 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha upalabdha hotA hai|" isa gaccha se sambandhita anya jAnakAriyA~ ajJAta haiN| 60. vidyAdharagaccha : * vidyAdhara . kula se utpanna isa gaccha kA nAmollekha 1463 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| anya koI abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika 1. jaina lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 532, 657, 684, 685 2. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 514 3. vahI, kramAMka 509 4. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 359 5. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 594 6. bahI, kramAMka 608

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.88 : jainadharma ke sampradAya sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 61. pUrNimApakSe vaTapadrIya gaccha : yaha gaccha bhI pUrNimA gaccha se hI sambandhita rahA hai| 1466 I0 ke eka mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai|' isa gaccha se sambandhita anya jAnakAriyAM ajJAta haiM / 62. bokar3iyA vRhad gaccha : yaha gaccha vRhadgaccha athavA bokar3iyA gaccha se saMbaMdhita rahA hogaa| isa gaccha kA ullekha 1473 I. ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA viSayaka anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 63. komalaM gaccha : isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya, utpatti samaya evaM sthAna Adi viSayaka jAnakArI anupalabdha hai| 1477 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA nAmollekha mAtra upalabdha hotA hai / 64. kharatara madhukara gaccha : yaha gaccha kharatara gaccha kI ho eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM, jAnA jAtA hai| 1490 I. ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 65. nAgaurI tapAgaccha : isa gaccha ke nAmollekha se ho yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha gaccha tapAgaccha kI hI eka zAkhA hai| yaha gaccha nAgaura meM astitva meM AyA thaa| 1494 I0 tathA 1610 I0 ke 2 mUrtilekhoM meM ise gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai|" nAmollekha ke atirikta isa gaccha se sambandhita aura koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 626 2. vahI, kramAMka 725 3. vahI, kramAMka 770 4. vahI, kramAMka 848 5. vahI, kramAMka 865, 1092

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 89 66. harSapurIya gaccha : ___isa gaccha kI utpatti harasUra (vartamAna harSapurA ) se huI thI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| rAjasthAna meM nAgaura sthita bar3A mandira ko ajitanAtha "paMcatIrthI para aMkita 1498 I0ke eka mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha 'milatA hai|' utpatti sthala ke atirikta isa gaccha se sambandhita anya jAnakAriyAM ajJAta haiN| "67. prabhAkara gaccha : 1520 I. ke eka mAtra abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke nAmollekha ke sAtha hI kinhIM bhaTTAraka pUjyakoti aura unake paTTadhara lakSkSosAgarasUri "kA nAma bhI upalabdha hotA hai| isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA -saMbaMdho anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 68. nigama prabhAvaka gaccha : - rAjasthAna ke sirohI rAjya se prApta 1524 I0 ke 2 pratimAlekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| ina donoM hI lekhoM meM isa gaccha ke muni ANandasAgarasari kA nAma ullikhita hai| kaI gacchoM ko taraha isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM bhI vistRta jAnakArI anupalabdha hai| 69. suvihita pakSa gaccha : - aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isa gaccha ko utpatti caityavAsa paramparA ke 'virodhasvarUpa huI thii| 1555 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM isa gaccha ke nAmollekha ke sAtha hI kinhIM bhAvasAgarasUri aura unake paTTadhara dharmamUrtisUri kA bhI nAma upalabdha hotA hai| isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM bhI aura adhika jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hoto hai| 70. sudharma gaccha: 1. 1601 I0 ke eka mAtra mUrtilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / yaha lekha bhaiMsaroDagar3ha sthita RSabhadeva mandira ko ajitanAtha 1. pratiSThAlekha saMgraha, kramAMka 879 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 813 ... 3. zrI caina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 80, 241 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 1011 1. vahI, kramAMka 1074

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paMcatIrthI para aMkita hai| isa lekha se anya koI vizeSa jAnakArI to jJAta nahIM hotI hai, kintu lekha meM kinhIM vinayakIrtisUri kA nAma avazya ullikhita hai jo sambhavataH isa gaccha ke hI koI prabhAvaka AcArya rahe hoNge| 71. kaDubAmati gaccha: 1426 I0 se 1728 I. taka ke kula cAra abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha. kA nAmollekha mAtra milatA hai| isa gaccha kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA sambandhI koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 72. udyotanAcArya gaccha : pallIkIya gaccha se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1629 I. ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM tapAgacchAdhirAja bhaTTArakahIravijayasUri, paTTadhara vijayasenasUri aura bhaTTAraka vijayadevasUri Adi muniyoM ke nAma milate haiN| isa gaccha ke sandarbha meM aura adhika jAnakArI zAta nahIM ho sako hai| 72. bhAvaharSa gaccha: rAjasthAna meM bAlotarA se eka abhilekha prApta huA hai, jisako AdhAra banAkara kucha vidvAnoM ne bhAvaharSa gaccha ko eka sAtantra gaccha mAnA hai| isa abhilekha ko muni uttamakamala ne saMvat 109 kA mAnA hai| bo ki sahI nahIM hai| yaha abhilekha devanAgarI lipi meM likhA hayA hai| jabaki saMvat 109 arthAt I0 san 52 ke samaya devanAgarI lipi kA pracalana ho nahIM thaa| usa samaya tI brAhmI lipi kA pracalana thaa| hameM aisA lagatA hai ki abhilekha utkIrNaka athavA pustaka mudraka ko truTi ko hI yathArtha mAnane ke kAraNa munijI ko yaha bhrAnti huI hai| isa abhilekha kA samaya saMvat 1009 arthAt I0 san 952 honA caahie| zrImatI ( DaoN. ) rAjeza jaina ne bAlotarA se prApta isI abhilekha ke. AdhAra para isa gaccha ko na kevala svatantra gaccha mAnA hai varan unhoMne 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 265, 109, 108, 223 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 825 3. vahI, kramAMka 736 4. Jain sects and schools, p.52

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agala ke sampradAya : 91 to yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki bhumi bhAvaharSa se isa gaccha kI utpatti huI tho|' jisa abhilekha ko AdhAra banAkara vidvAnoM ne isa gaccha kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha abhilekha isa prakAra hai "OM 11 saM0 109-vaizAkha vadi 5 pratimA kAriteti // " bAlotarA se prApta isa abhilekha meM kahIM para bhI isa gaccha kA nAmollekha taka nahIM huA hai| isa abhilekha ko hI AdhAra banAkara kucha vidvAnoM ne bhAvaharSagaccha ko svatantra gaccha mAnane kI jo kalpanA kI hai,. vaha ucita nahIM hai / vastutaH isa nAma kA koI maccha yA hI nhiiN| 74. dhanezvara gaccha : abhilekhoM kA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka adhyayana nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa kucha vidvAnoM ne dhanezvara gaccha ko bhI eka svatantra gaccha mAna liyA hai, jabaki dhanezvara kisI AcArya kA nAma thA, gaccha kA nAma nhiiN| dhanezvara gaccha. kI kalpanA muni uttama kamala aura zrImatI ( DaoN0 ) rAjeza jaina ne ghaTiyAla se prApta eka abhilekha ke AdhAra para kI hai| yadyapi muni uttamakamala ne isa gaccha kA nAmollekha karane vAle abhilekha kI tithi ke. sandarbha meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA hai, kintu zromato jaina ne isa abhilekha kA samaya 861 I0 mAnA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki isa gaccha ko utpatti dhanezvarasUri ke nAma para kI gaI hogo|| ghaTiyAla se prApta isa abhilekha kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isa abhilekha meM 'dhanezvara' ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti tathA 'gaccha' ke. sAtha saptamo vibhakti kA prayoga huA hai| isakA artha 'dhanezvaragaccha' nahIM hai, apitu "dhanezvara ke gaccha meM" aisA artha hai| isase yaho phalita hotA hai ki dhanezvara kisI AcArya kA nAma rahA hogA, gaccha kA nhiiN| .. khoja karate-karate AcArya dhanezvarasUri kA nAmollekha hameM 1461 I0. 1. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR0 87 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 746 3. Jain sects and schools, p. 52 4. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 87 5. "anime parassa gammi" -na lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 945

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.92 : banadharma ke sampradAya se lekara 1496 I. taka ke 10 abhilekhoM meM milA hai|' inameM se kucha abhilekha aise haiM jinameM AcArya dhanezvarasUri ko nANAvAla gaccha kA . AcArya batalAyA gayA hai aura kucha abhilekhoM meM inheM nANakIya gaccha kA . AcArya batalAyA gayA hai| kintu eka bhI aisA abhilekha upalabdha nahIM huA hai, jisameM dhanezvarasUri ko dhanezvara gaccha kA AcArya batalAyA gayA ho / ataH kucha vidvAnoM dvArA kapolakalpita isa gaccha ko svatantra gaccha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| zvetAmbara amUrtipUjaka sampradAya : zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaba mUrtipUjaka sampradAya jina-pratimAoM kI pUjA evaM pratiSThA Adi karane taka hI sImita hokara raha gaye to amUrtipUjaka sampradAya astitva meM aaye| ina sampradAyoM ne jaina zramaNoM ke tapatyAgamaya jIvana para vizeSa bala diyaa| sAtha hI inhoMne sAdhanA evaM AcAra-maryAdA meM AI zithilatA evaM karmakANDI pravRti kA virodha kiyA / amUrtipUjaka paramparA meM zvetAmbaroM meM sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMthI : sampradAya astitva meM Aye haiN| yahA~ hama inhIM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kI utpatti evaM inake vividha upasampradAyoM kI carcA kreNge| lokAzAha kAla : __ amUrtipUjaka paramparA meM lokAzAha kA nAma bar3e Adara se liyA jAtA hai| inakA janma I0 san 1415 meM ahamadAbAda meM huA thaa| lokAzAha ke samaya caityavAsI zramaNoM dvArA jinapUjA aura jinabhakti ke nAma para jo kucha kiyA jA rahA thA usase jaina dharma karmakANDoM meM simaTa kara raha gayA thaa| taba tatkAlIna sthiti ko sudhArane aura dharma ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa ko pratiSThA ke lie lokAzAha ne dharmakrAnti kI / amUrtipUjaka paramparA kA udbhava evaM vikAsa unakI isI krAnti kA pariNAma hai| amUrtipUjaka sampradAya kI utpatti ke sandarbha meM kahA jAtA hai ki - lokAzAha jaba ahamadAbAda meM the to eka bAra arahaTTavAr3A, sirohI, pATana aura surata-ina cAra nagaroM ke zrAvaka saMgha ahamadAbAda aae| vahA~ Akara unhoMne Agama marmajJa lokAzAha ke vicAroM ko sunA, sunakara 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 68, 588, 675, 697, 713, 779, 783, 819, 832, 874

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 93 ve itane prabhAvita hue ki unameM se 45 vyaktiyoM ne inakI mAnyatAnusAra jJAnamunijo dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura apane gaccha kA nAma lokAgaccha rkhaa| lokAgaccha kA utpatti samaya I0 san 1470 mAnA jAtA hai|' __ mUrtipUjA ke virodha svarUpa 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM vikasita huI lokAzAha ko isa paramparA kA vartamAna samaya meM bhI kAphI prabhAva hai| Aja bhale ho yaha sampradAya bhI sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI evaM punaH unake vividha upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA ho, phira bhI sAhitya evaM sAdhanA ke kSetra meM isakA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / Aja jaina janasaMkhyA kA laga'bhaga eka cauthAI bhAga inhIM sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM se jur3A hai| lokAgaccha kA vibhAjana : lokAzAha ke nAma se pahacAne jAne vAle lokAgaccha meM bhI kucha samaya pazcAt bojAmati sampradAya utpanna ho gyaa| tapAgaccha ko eka paTTAvalI meM likhA hai-"1557 varSe lukAMmatamatA nirgatya bojAkhya veSadhareNa bIjAmati nAmamataM pravartitaM / " lokAzAha ke uparAnta lagabhaga eka zataka meM hI lokAgaccha nimna tIna upagacchoM meM vibhakta huA . (1) gujarAtI lokAgaccha, (2) nAgaurI lokAgaccha aura (3) uttarArddha lokaagcch| kucha samaya pazcAt isa mata meM bho zithilAcAra bar3hane lagA to 17vIM zatAbdI ke pUvArdha meM tIna muni-1. lavajIRSijI mahArAja, 2, dharmasiMhajI mahArAja aura 3. dharmadAsajI mahArAja lokAgaccha se pRthaka ho gye| isI vibhAjana ke pariNAma svarUpa sthAnakavAso sampradAya astitva meM aaye| ___ ina tInoM maniyoM kI ziSya-paramparA meM dharmadAsajI mahArAja kI ziSya-sampadA sarvAdhika thii| unake 99 ziSya the, jo kucha samaya pazcAt 22 upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gaye aura bAvIsaTolA ke nAma se pahacAne jAne lge| inake atirikta lavajIRSijI se RSi sampradAya evaM dharmasiMhajI se kucha gujarAtI sampradAya astitva meM aaye| dharmadAsajI mahArAja kI ziSya-mampadA se vikasita bAvIsaTolA isa prakAra hai1. zAstrI, devendramuni-zramaNa paramparA ke divya nakSatra, uddhRta-madhukara muni smRti grantha, saya 4, pR0 1.

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94 : ke sammAna 1. dharmadAsajI mahArAja, 2. dhannAjI mahArAja, 3. lAlacandajI mahArAja, 4. manAjo mahArAja, 5. bar3e pRthvIrAjajI mahArAja, 6. choTe pRthvIrAjajI mahArAja, 7. bAlacandajI mahArAja, 8. tArAcandajI mahArAja, 9. premacandajI mahArAja, 10. khetazIjI mahArAja, 11. padArthajI mahArAja, 12. lokamalajI mahArAja, 13. bhavAnIdAsajI mahArAja, 14. mUlakacandajI mahArAja, 15. puruSottamajI mahArAja, 16. mukuTarAyajI mahArAja, 17. manoharadAsajI mahArAja, 18. rAmacandajI mahArAja, 19. gurusahAyajI mahArAja, 20. bASajI mahArAja, 21. rAma-. ramanajI mahArAja aura 22. mUlacandajI mahArAja / 17vIM zatAbdI se lekara vartamAna samaya taka sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM jo bhI sampradAya haiM unameM se adhikAMza sampradAya apanI AcArya paraMparA ina 22 AcAryoM meM se hI kisI eka AcArya se jor3ate haiM, yadyapi inameM se adhikAMza kI paramparA vilupta ho gaI haiM / sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM jo bhI upasampradAya vikasita hue haiM unakA vivecana hama Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| yahA~ itanA hI ullekha karanA prAsaMgika hogA ki mUrtipUjA meM AI vikRtiyoM ke khilApha lokAzAha ke netRtva meM krAMti kI lahara uTho thI aura usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa kaI amUrtipUjaka sampradAyaryoM kA udbhava "evaM vikAsa samaya-samaya para huA thaa| kAna sampradAyoM meM bho zithilAcAra evaM bAhyADambaroM kA praveza hayA hai| Aja amartipUjaka sampradAyoM meM se kaunase sampradAya Agama nirdiSTa AcAra kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana kara rahe haiM aura kaunase nahIM kara rahe haiM ? yaha ullekha karanA hamArA pratipAdya viSaya nahIM hai, isalie hama isa viSaya ko yahIM virAma dekara yahA~ amUrtipUjaka paramparA meM vikasita hue vibhinna sampradAyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiN| 1. zramaNa saMgha : jainadharma kA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya jaba aneka upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA to use punaH eka karane kI pahala akhila bhAratavarSIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphreMsa ne kii| kAnphreMsa ke kAryakartAoM ne sabhI sthAnakavAsI santoM se samparka kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcAryoM evaM muniyoM kA san 1932 meM ajamera meM eka sammelana huaa| vahA~ sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke sabhI asambAdAmoM ko punaH eka karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA, kintu kAnpoMsa kA yaha prayAsa saphala nahIM ho sakA

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janadharma ke sampradAya : 95 aura eka saMgha, eka AcArya evaM eka samAcArI kI kalpanA mUrtarUpa nahIM le skii| kintu kAnphreMsa ne apanA yaha prayAsa Age bhI jArI rakhA aura san 1952 meM sAdar3I mAravAr3a meM punaH eka aise hI sammelana kA Ayojana kiyaa| isa sammelana meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke 32 sampradAyoM meM se 22 sampradAyoM ke AcArya, pravartaka evaM sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ sammilita hue, tatpazcAt unhoMne apanI-apanI padaviyoM ko chor3akara eka AcArya ke adhIna eka samAcArI kA pAlana karane hetu san 1952 meM zramaNa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| isa saMgha ke prathama AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja evaM upAcArya 'zrI gaNezIlAlajI mahArAja bane the| kintu kucha samaya pazcAt jaba zramaNa saMgha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM samAcAro evaM prAyazcita vyavasthA ke prazna para vivAda utpanna hue to usameM sammilita kucha sampradAyoM ne isa saMgha se alaga hokara apane-apane pUrva sampradAyoM ko punarjIvita kiyA / zramaNa saMgha se alaga hone vAloM meM upAcArya zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma. sA0, upAdhyAya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA., pravartaka zrI pannAlAlajI ma. sA. evaM pravartaka zrI madanalAlajI ma. sA. ke nAma pramukha haiN| zramaNasaMgha kI sthApanA ke pUrva kI sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kI AcArya 'paramparA kA ullekha zrI devendra muni zAstrI evaM zrI saubhAgyamuni 'kumuda' ne vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai. isalie hama vaha vivaraNa yahAM nahIM de rahe haiN| . zramaNa saMgha kI sthApanA se vartamAna kAla taka tIna AcArya hue haiM (1) AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ma. sA., (2) AcArya zrI Ananda RSi :. jI ma0 sA0 aura (3) vartamAna AcArya zrI devendrmunijii|| - amUrtipUjaka paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki yaha sampradAya usakA sabase bar3A ghaTaka hai| isa samaya zramaNa saMgha meM lagabhaga 900 santa-satiyAMjI haiN| 2. sAdhumAryo saMgha: jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMgha meM samaya-samaya para aise dRSTAnta dekhane ko 1. amRta mahotsava gaurava grantha, pariccheda 1, pRSTha 8-9 2. (ka) zAstro, devendra muni-jaina paramparA aura itihAsa, uddhRta-pRSkara muni abhinandana grantha, khaNDa 8, pR0 68-88 (kha) saubhAgyamuni "kumuda" jaina paramparA eka aitihAsika yAtrA, uddhRta-zrI ambAlAlajI ma. sA. mazinandanaH mantha, pR0 485-535

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96 : jainadharma ke sampradAya milate haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki AcAragata matabhedoM ke kAraNa vibhinna saMgha evaM sampradAyoM kI utpatti hotI rahI hai| zatAbdiyoM pUrva lokAzAha ne zithilAcAra ke viruddha AvAja uThAkara zramaNa saMskRti kI dhArA ko avirala pravAhita karane meM avismaraNIya yogadAna diyA thA, usI paramparA meM AcArya hukamIcandajI ma0 sA0 kA nAma vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| hukamIcandajI ma. sA. kI dIkSA I0 san 1822 meM huI thI tathA unakAsvargavAsa 1860 I0 meM huA thaa|' sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha AcArya hukamIcaMdajI ma0 sA0 ko apanA Adya AcArya mAnatA hai| .. AcArya hukamIcaMdajI ma. sA. ne apane samaya meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko haTAne ke lie, saMyama pAlana kI akSuNNatA banAye rakhane ke lie tathA Atmazuddhi ke liye saMgha tathA samAja meM zuddhAcAra kA eka viziSTa Adarza prastuta kiyA thaa| isake anusAra Apane svayaM ne to zuddhAcAra ke niyamopaniyamoM kA kaThoratApUrvaka pAlana kiyA hI thA, sAtha hI apanI netrAya meM rahane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se bhI usI rUpa meM usakA pAlana krvaayaa| phalataH sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM kA eka vizAla samUha ApakA anuyAyI ho gayA thaa| yaha samUha Aja sAdhumAgI jaina saMgha ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| isa saMgha meM vartamAna meM lagabhaga 300 sAdhusAdhviyAM haiN| isa saMgha kI sthApanA se pUrva kI AcArya paramparA kA ullekha zrI jJAnamunijI ma. sA. ne apane grantha "aSTAcArya gaurava gaMgA" meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai| vistArabhaya ke kAraNa hama vaha ullekha yahAM nahIM kara rahe haiN| pUjya hukamIcaMdajI ma. sA. se lekara vartamAna taka nimna ATha AcArya hue haiM (1) AcArya zrI hukamIcaMdajI ma. sA., (2) AcArya zrI zivalAlajI ma. sA0, (3) AcArya zrI udayasAgarajI ma. sA., (4) AcArya zrI cauthamalajI ma. sA0, (5) AcArya zrI zrIlAlajI ma. sA., (6) AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma. sA., (7) AcArya zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma. sA. aura (8) vartamAna AcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma. sA. / 3. ratnavaMzIya paramparA : I0 san 1952 meM zramaNa saMgha kI sthApanA ke samaya ratnavaMzIya paraMparA 1. zAna muni-aSTAcArya gaurava gaMgA, pR0 6-24

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 97 ke zramaNa-zramaNI bho AcArya hastImala jI ma. sA. ke netRtva meM zramaNa saMgha meM sammilita ho gaye the, kintu kAlAntara meM zramaNa saMgha kI AcAragata mAnyatAoM se asahamata hokara jaba kucha sampradAyoM ne apane pUrva sampradAyoM ko punarjIvita kiyA to AcArya hastImala jI ma. sA. ne bhI navagaThita zramaNa saMgha se alaga hokara apanI pUrva paramparA ( ratnavaMzIya ) ko hI punarjIvita kiyaa| ratnavaMzIya paramparA meM isa samaya lagabhaga 50 saMta-satiyAMjI haiN| ratnavaMzIya paramparA ke Adi pravartaka AcArya kuzalo jI mAne jAte jAte haiM, kintu inake bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| AcArya kUzalo jI ke pazcAt isa saMgha meM ATha AcArya hue haiM-(1) AcArya gumAnacaMda jI ma. sA., (2) AcArya ratanacaMdajI ma. sA0, (3) AcArya hamIramala jI ma0.sA., (4) AcArya kajoDImala jo ma.sA. (5) AcArya vinayacaMda jI ma. sA., (6) AcArya zobhAcaMda jI ma. sA. (7) AcArya hastImala jI ma. sA. tathA (8) vartamAna AcArya hIrAmuni jii| isa sampradAya ke saptama paTTadhara AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. sA. prabhAvaka AcArya rahe haiM, unakA janma 1910 I0 meM jodhapura ke pIpAr3a zahara meM huA thA tathA 10 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA aura 20 varSa kI Ayu meM AcArya pada prApta karake 61 varSoM taka Apa isa garimAmaya pada para bane rahe the| I0 san 1991 meM 13 dina ke saMthAre ke sAtha ApakA mahAprayANa huA thaa| 4. jJAnacanda jI ma0 sA0 kA sampradAya : ___ yaha sampradAya dharmadAsa jI ma0 sA0 ko paramparA se saMbaMdhita hai| jJAnacanda jI ma. sA. ke bAda isa sampradAya meM paM0 samarathamalajI ma. sA. saMgha pramukha bane the| isa sampradAya ke vartamAna saMgha pramukha campAlAla jI ma0 sA0 haiN| isa sampradAya ko paMDita jI ma. sA. ke sampradAya ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isa sampradAya meM vartamAna meM lagabhaga 320 saMtasatiyA~ jI haiN| 5. jayamala jo ma0 sA0 kA sampradAya : isa sampradAya ke vartamAna AcArya zrI zubhacandra jI ma sA haiN| isa saMpradAya meM abhI lagabhaga 4. saMta-satiyA~ jI haiN| isa sampradAya se sambandhita vistRta jAnakArI hama jJAta nahIM kara sake haiN|

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98 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 6. madanalAla jI ma. sA0 kA sampradAya : isa sampradAya ke vartamAna meM saMgha pramukha zrI sudarzanalAlajI masA. hai| zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI paraMparA meM yahI ekamAtra aisA sampradAya hai jisameM kevala muni hI haiM, sAdhviyAM nahIM haiN| isa sampradAya meM vartamAna meM 25 saMta haiN| 7. dharmadAsa jI ma. sA. kA sampradAya : ____ isa sampradAya ke adhikAMza saMta-satiyA~ jI to zramaNa saMgha meM sammilita haiM, kintu zrI lAlacanda jI ma. sA. kA samudAya zramaNa saMgha se alaga rhaa| lAlacanda jI ma0 sA0 prativarSa apane cAturmAsa kI AjJA zramaNa saMghIya pravartaka zrI umezamuni jI ma. sA. se maMgavAte rhe| isa sampradAya ke vartamAna AcArya zrI mAnamuni jI ma. sA0 haiN| vartamAna meM lagabhaga 25 saMta-satiyA~ jI isa sampradAya meM haiN| 8. upAdhyAya amaramuni jI ma. sA0 kA sampradAya . sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM upAdhyAya amaramuni jI ma0 sA0 kA . sampradAya bhI viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| upAdhyAya amaramuni jo ma0 sA0 vigata kaI varSoM se vorAyatana-rAjagaha meM hI sthira-vAsa kara rahe the, kintu varSa 1992 meM ho ApakA svargavAsa huA hai| isa sampradAya meM aba paM0 vijayamunijI ma. sA. Adi kucha saMta haiM kintu upAdhyAya zroamaramuni jI ma. sA. dvArA viduSI sAdhvI candanA zrI jI ko AcArya pada pradAna kiye jAne ke pazcAt ve isa samUha se nirapekSa haiN| kiso sAdhvI ko AcArya pada para pratiSThApita karane kA zreya saMbhavataH isI sampradAya ko hai| isa sampradAya meM vartamAna meM lagabhaga 25 saMta-satiyA~ jI haiN| 9. vRhad gujarAta sampradAya : sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM vRhad gujarAta meM kucha svatantra sampradAya vartamAna meM astitva meM haiM / 2 paryApta sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM ina sampradAyoM kI AcArya paramparA tathA mAnyatAoM saMbaMdhI jAnakArI hameM jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| ataH yahA~ hama ina sampradAyoM kA nAmollekha mAtra kara (1) goMDala pakSa sampradAya, (2) limbaDo chaH koTI moTA pakSa sampra1. jaina, bAbulAla-samagra jaina cAturmAsa sUcI, pR0 41; prakAzana varSa 1991 / ' 2. vahI, varSa 1912

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 99 dAya, (3) dariyApurI ATha koTI sampradAya, (4) limbaDI saMghavI (gopAla) sampradAya, (5) kaccha ATha koTI moTA pakSa sampradAya, (6) kaccha ATha koTI choTA pakSa sampradAya, (7) saMbhAta sampradAya, (8) boTAda saMpradAya, (9) goMDala saMghANI saMpradAya, (10) baravAlA sampradAya, (11) sAyalA sampradAya / (12) hAlArI saMpradAya aura (13) vardhamAna saMpradAya / vahad gujarAta sampradAyoM meM goMDala moTA pakSa saMpradAya tathA limbaDI moTA pakSa sampradAya ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA hI adhika hai| adhikAMza sampradAyoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA to atyalpa hI hai| vartamAna samaya meM vRhad gujarAta sampradAya ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke kula sAdhu-sAdhvo lagabhaga 1100 haiN| zvetAmbara terApantha sampradAya zvetAmbara paramparA meM terApaMtha sampradAya kI sthApanA I0 san 1760 meM AcArya bhikSa ke dvArA huI thii|' terApaMtha sampradAya ke saMsthApaka AcArya bhikSu svAmI svayaM sthAnakavAso paramparA meM I0 san 1751 meM dIkSita hue the, kintu 9 varSa pazcAt AcAra evaM vicAra saMbaMdhI matabhedoM ke kAraNa ve isa paraMparA se alaga hue aura unhoMne terApantha nAma se eka pathaka saMpradAya kI sthApanA kii| terApaMtha saMpradAya ke udbhava ke prathama dina hI AcArya bhikSu ne naye sire se mahAvrata grahaNa kiye the, isa prakAra unakI navIna dIkSA ke sAtha hI terApaMtha kA pravartana huA thaa| ... AcArya bhikSu ne terApaMtha kI saiddhAntika vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI thI ki jahAM pAMca vrata, pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti ye teraha niyama pAle jAte haiM-vaha terApaMtha hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke isa sampradAya kA sthAnakavAso sampradAyoM se mukhyavivAda dayA-dAna ke prazna ko lekara hai| isa paraMparA kI mAnyatA thI ki jIvoM ke rakSaNa ke prayatna meM kahIM na kahIM rAgAtmakatA kA bhAva hotA hai aura rAga-bhAva cAhe kisI bhI rUpa meM ho vaha heya hai, upAdeya nhiiN| dUsare dayA-dAna arthAt jIvoM ke rakSaNa athavA unheM sukha pahu~cAne ke prayatna meM bhI kahIM na kahIM hiMsA avazya jur3I rahatI haiM / ataH jisa pravRtti meM hiMsA 1. muni nathamala-bhikSu vicAra darzana, bhUmikA pR0 9, prakAzana varSa 1960 2. bhikSu jasa rasAyana : 8 dohA 3-4; - uddhRta-bhikSu vicAra darzana, bhUmikA pR0 15 3. jaya anuzAsana-jayAcArya, zloka 625-627, prakAzana varSa 1981.

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100 agaSarma ke sampradAya ho, use dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra isa sampradAyane hiMsA-ahiMsA ke prazna para alpa-bahutva kA vicAra nahIM karake nirapekSa rUpa se ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA para ho adhika bala diyaa| isa prakAra yaha sampradAya ahiMsA ke sakArAtmaka pakSa ko asvIkAra karatA hai kyoMki inake matAnusAra isameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM hiMsA aura rAga nIhita rahate haiN| isa sampra. dAya kI AcAra saMbandhI mAnyatAoM kI carcA hama Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se yaha sampradAya kAphI vyavasthita hai| anuzAsana to inakA mUla udghoSa hI hai / svayaM AcArya bhikSu kA likhA huA yaha kathana dRSTavya hai-"sabhI sAdhu-sAdhviyAM eka hI AcArya kI AjJA meM raheM, yaha paramparA maiMne kI hai|' AcArya bhikSu dvArA upadiSTa isa paramparA kA pAlana taba se Aja taka isa sampradAya meM nirbAdha rUpa se ho rahA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bIca meM nava terApantha nAma se kucha zramaNoM ne isa sampradAya ko bhI vibhAjita karanA cAhA thA, kintu zrAvakoM ne unheM mAnyatA nahIM dI aura isa prakAra terApaMtha sampradAya meM nava terApaMtha vikasita nahIM ho skaa| do-cAra muniyoM ke atirikta nava terApantha kA samAja meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| terApantha sampradAya kI sthApanA se lekara vartamAna taka 9 AcArya hue haiM, yathA 1) AcArya bhikSujI, (2) AcArya bhAromelajI, (3) AcArya RSirAjajI, (4) AcArya jItamalajI, (5) AcArya madhavAjI, (6) AcArya mANikalAlajI, (7) AcArya DAlacandajI, (8) AcArya kAlurAmajI aura (9) vartamAna AcArya tulsiijii| isa sampradAya meM vartamAna meM lagabhaga 700 saMta-satiyA~ jI haiN| digambara paramparA ke upasampradAya : acela paramparA ke poSaka pUrNataH nirvastra rahane vAle sAdhu digambara kahalAte haiN| sampradAya vibhAjana kI prakriyA ko digambara paramparA ko bhI svIkAranA hI par3A hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA meM bhI mUrtipUjaka evaM amUrtipUjaka donoM hI mAnyatAoM ke saMpradAya vika1. (ka) likhita, 1832 (kha) jaya anuzAsana, zloka 644; uddhRta-bhikSu viSAra darzana, pRSTha 130

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 101 sita hue haiM, kintu isa paraMparA meM mUrtipUjaka sampradAya kA prabhAva hI adhika dikhAI detA hai| amUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke rUpa meM isa paraMparA meM eka mAtra tAraNa pantha kA hI ullekha milatA hai| digambara paraMparA ke vibhinna upasampradAya isa prakAra haiM1. mUlasaMgha : digambara paraMparA meM mUlasaMgha kA viziSTa sthAna hai| sarvaprathama hameM dakSiNa bhArata meM noNamaMgala kI do tAmrapaTrikAoM meM malasaMgha kA ullekha milatA hai| ye donoM tAmrapaTTikAe~ kramazaH I0 san 370 aura I0 san 425 kI mAnI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra malasaMgha kA ullekha hameM IsA kI caturtha zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM mila jAtA hai| 1100 I0 ke eka abhilekha ke anusAra yaha saMgha AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thA, kintu yaha abhilekha pazcAtvartI hone ke kAraNa avizvasanIya lagatA hai| paTTAvalI se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra AcArya mAghanandI ne isa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| malasaMgha kA ullekha 1177 I0 se 1601 I. taka ke lagabhaga 25 abhilekhoM meM huA hai| kAlAntara meM yaha saMgha bho kaI anvayoM, baliyoM, gacchoM, saMghoM tathA gaNoM meM vibhakta ho gayA, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM "-- anvaya-konDakundAnvaya, zrIpurAnvaya, kinturAnvaya, caMdrakavATAnvaya, 'citrakuTAnvaya aadi| - bali-inasoge yA panasoge, iMgulezvara evaM vANada bali Adi / gaccha-citrakUTa, hontage, tagarila, hogari, pArijAta, meSapASANa, titriNIka, sarasvatI, pustaka tathA vakragaccha Adi / 1. (ka) "mUlasaMdhAnuSThitAya" -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 90 (kha) "mUlasaMdhenAnuSThitAya" -vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 94 2. vahI, bhAga 1, kramAMka 55 3. iNDiyana inTikverI, 20 pR0 341; uddhRta-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pRSTha 90 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pariziSTa 2, pR0 228 5. caudharI, gulAbacandra-digambara jaina saMgha ke atIta kI jhAMkI . uddhRta-mikSa smRti grantha, pR0 295

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102 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ___saMgha-navilUra, mayUra, kicUra, kozalanUra, ganezvara, gauDa, zrIsaMgha, siMha aura paralUra saMgha aadi| gaNa-balAtkAra, sUrastha, kAlona, udAra, yogariya, punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa, paMkura evaM deziyagaNa Adi / .. digambara sampradAya ke malasaMgha ke antargata ullikhita ina vibhinna upasampradAyoM meM se adhikAMza ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai, kintu kucha ke sandarbha meM saMkSipta jAnakArI isa rUpa meM jJAta hotI hai(i) devagaNa: zilAlekhIya sAkSya ke AdhAra para malasaMgha kI yaha zAkhA sabase prAcIna hai| isa gaNa kA prAcInatama ullekha 687 I0 ke lakSmezvara abhilekha meM huA hai| isake atirikta 729 I0 se 734 I0 taka ke cAra anya abhilekhoM meM bhI isa gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 abhilekhoM meM isa gaNa ke nimnalikhita AcAryoM ke nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiM pUjyapAda udayadeva, rAmadeva, jayadeva, vijayadeva, aMkadeva, mahAdeva Adi / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki isa gaNa ke prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ke nAma ke anta meM deva zabda jur3A huA hai| sambhavataH isa gaNa meM AcAryoM ke nAma ke anta meM deva zabda jor3ane kI paramparA rahI hogii| (ii) senagaNa: senagaNa kA prAcInatama ullekha 821 I0 ke eka tAmrapatra meM milatA hai| isa tAmrapatra meM isa gaNa kI AcArya paramparA isa prakAra ullikhita hai-mallavAdI, sumati, pUjyapAda aura apraajit| 903 I0 ke eka anya zilAlekha meM isa gaNa kI guruparamparA dI gaI hai, jo isa prakAra hai-pUjyapAda, kanakasena, vIrasena / isa gaNa kI utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM? ityAdi jAnakAriyA~ ajJAta haiN| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 111 2. vahI, kramAMka 113, 114, 149, 193 3. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pRSTha 43 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 4, kramAMka 55 5. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 137

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 103 (iii) deziyagaNa : ___ mUlasaMgha ke gaNoM meM sabase pramukha gaNa deziyagaNa mAnA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM para isa gaNa kA nAma dezIgaNa bhI milatA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isa gaNa kA udbhava dakSiNa bhArata ke deza nAmaka grAma meM lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa|' pro0 joharApurakara ke anusAra deziyagaNa pUjyapAda devanandi ke ziSya vajranandi se prArambha haA thaa| paryApta abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaNa se sambandhita vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai| (iv) sarasthagaNa : sUrasthagaNa kA ullekha karane vAlA prAcInatama abhilekha 1054 I0 kA hai| isa gaNa kI utpatti sambhavataH saurASTra kSetra meM huI hai| yaha gaNa prArambha meM senagaNe se sambandhita thaa| eka abhilekha meM isa gaNa kA sambandha drAviDAnvaya se bhI batalAyA gayA hai| ___ isa gaNa se sambandhita vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai / (v) balAtkAra gaNa : __ balAtkAra gaNa kA prArambha devanandi ke ziSya guNanandi se mAnA jAtA hai / sambhavataH isa gaNa kI utpatti balahAra nAmaka sthAna se huI hai| isa gaNa kA ullekha karane vAlA prAcInatama abhilekha 1071 I0 kA upalabdha hotA hai jisameM isa gaNa ke AcArya zrIcanda kA nAma bhI ullikhita hai| 1371 I. ke eka anya abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke AcArya siMhanandi kA ullekha milatA hai| : zaajaya se prApta eka abhilekha meM isa gaNa kI gurU paramparA isa 1. caudharI, gulAbacandra-digambara jaina saMgha ke atIta kI jhAMkI, ... uddhRta-bhikSa smRti grantha, pRSTha 215 / 2. dUbe, zrInArAyaNa-jaina abhilekhoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana ( zodha prabandha ), pRSTha 61 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 185 4. digambara jaina saMgha ke atIta ko jhAMkI, - uddhRta-bhikSu smRti grantha, pRSTha 295 5. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 154 6. vahI, bhAga 3, kramAMka 569

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104 : navana ke sampradAya prakAra milatI hai'-sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa, vijayakoti, zubhacandra, sumatikIrti, guNakIrti, vAdibhUSaNa, rAmakIrti aura padmanandi / isa gaNa kI AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke bAre meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| (vi) krANUragaNa : isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha 1074 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| yaha gaNa yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki krANUragaNa nAma kaNDUragaNa nAmaka yApanIya sampradAya meM bhI pracalita rahA hai| adhikAMza gaNoM kI taraha isa gaNa ke sandarbha meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| (vii) punnAga gaNa : ___ isa gaNa kA prAcInatama abhilekhIya sAkSya 1108 I0 kA upalabdha hotA hai / krANUragaNa ko taraha yaha gaNa bhI yApanIya paramparA se hI sambandhita rahA hai| pro0 joharApurakara ne yazabAhu ke ziSya ahaMdavali ke gurU bhrAtA lauhArya ke ziSya vinayadhara se isa gaNa kI utpatti honA mAnA hai| isa gaNa se sambandhita zeSa jAnakAriyA~ ajJAta haiN| (viii) nigamAnvaya: mUlasaMgha ke antargata isa anvaya kA ekamAtra ullekha 1310 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| jisameM kinhIM kRSNadeva dvArA eka mUrti kI sthApanA karane kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isa anvaya kI utpatti kaba, kahAM evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inako mAnyatAe~ kyA thI? ityAdi jAnakAriyA~ paryApta sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM jJAta nahIM ho sakI haiN| (ix) sarasvatI gaccha : sarasvatI gaccha mUlasaMdha kI hI eka upazAkhA rahI hai / 1415 I0 se 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, kramAMka 702, uddhRta-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 52 2. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 207 3. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 250 4. jaina abhilekhoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 65 5. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 4, kramAMka 390, uddhRta-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 53,

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 105 1559 I0 taka ke 5 abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| ina sabhI abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha mUlasaMgha-nandisaMgha-balAtkAragaNa-sarasvatI gaccha-isa rUpa meM milatA hai| sAtha hI sabhI abhilekhoM meM kundakundAcArya anvaya kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jisase yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha gaccha mUlasaMgha aura AcArya kundakunda se avazya hI sambandhita hai| 1466 I0 se 1823 I0 taka ke 12 anya abhilekhoM meM bhI isa gaccha kA ullekha malasaMgha evaM kundakundAcArya anvaya ke ullekha ke sAtha ho milatA hai| (x) nandigaNa : zravaNabelagolA se prApta kUcha lekhoM meM nandigaNa kI paTTAvaliyAM dI gaI haiN| isa gaNa kA ullekha karane vAle adhikAMza abhilekhoM meM prArambha meM nandisaMgha kA tathA madhya meM athavA anta meM mUlasaMgha dezogaNa kA ullekha huA hai / isa gaNa se sambandhita koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 2. drAvir3a saMdha: yaha saMgha saMbhavataH drAvir3a deza se saMbaMdhita hai| isa saMgha kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM AcArya devasena ( vi0 saM0 990 ) likhate haiM ki mathurA meM pUjyapAda ke ziSya devanandi ne vi0 saM0 526 meM isa saMgha ko sthApanA kI thii| vividha lekhoM meM isa saMgha ke bhinna-bhinna nAma milate haiM, yathAdramiDa, draviDa, drAviDa, draviNa, dravila, daravila, aadi| hamArI dRSTi meM nAmoM kI isa vividhatA ke do kAraNa ho sakate haiM, eka to uccAraNa bheda aura dUsare lekhaka athavA utkorNaka kI asaavdhaano| isa saMgha ke aneka lekha koMgAtvavaMzI, zAMtaravaMzo tathA hoysalavaMzI . rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla ke haiN| nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, pArzvanAthacarita 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 207, 226, 278, 851, 1015 .... 2. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 680, 590, 696, 325, 502, 221, 451, 158,505, 640, 642, 234 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 40-50 4. darzanasAra, 24-8

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106 : janadharma ke sampradAya Adi prasiddha granthoM ke kartA vAdirAja isI saMgha ke AcArya mAne jAte haiN|' ___isa saMgha ko mAnyatAnusAra bIjoM meM jIva nahIM hotA hai tathA muniyoM ke lie khar3e-khar3e bhojana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isake alAvA isa saMgha ke zramaNa sAvadha aura zayyAtara piNDa ko akalpita nahIM mAnate haiN| itanA hI nahIM isa paramparA meM bhaTTArakoM ke dvArA zItala jala se snAna karanA tathA kRSi-vANijya Adi dvArA jIvana nirvAha karanA bhI niSiddha nahIM hai| 3. kASThA saMgha ___ jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM kaI gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva sthAna vizeSa ke nAma para huA hai usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki kASThA saMgha kI utpatti kASThAgrAma se huI hai| yaha kASThAgrAma yA to mathurA ke pAsa jamunA taTa para sthita kASThAgrAma hai yA phira dillI ke uttara meM jamunA ke kinAre sthita kASThAgrAma hai| isa saMgha ke utpatti samaya ke bAre meM bhI vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| darzanasAra ke kartA devasenasUri (vi0 saM0 990) likhate haiM ki AcArya jinasena ke satIrthya vinayasena ke ziSya kumArasena ne vi0 saM0 753 meM kASThAsaMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| paM0 bulAkIdAsa ne vacanakoza ( 17vIM zatAbdI ) meM likhA hai ki kASThA saMgha kI utpatti umAsvAti kI paTTa paramparA meM lohAcArya dvArA agarohA nagara meM huI thI aura kASTha kI pratimA ke pUjana kA vidhAna karane se hI isa saMgha kA nAma kASThAsaMgha pdd'aa| 1262 I0 se 1608 I0 taka ke kula 10 abhilekhoM meM isa saMgha kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para hama itanA kaha sakate haiM ki yaha saMgha 10vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM A cukA thaa| 1. caudharI, gulAbacanda-digambara jaina saMgha ke atIta kI mAMko, uddhRta-bhikSu abhinandana grantha, pR0 297 2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 55 3. zAstrI, kalAzacandra jaina dharma, pR0 305 4. premI, nAthurAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 276 5. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 73, 133, 141, 279, 383, 551, 625.. 833, 996, 1084

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 107" kASThAsaMgha ke AcArya kumArasena ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne mayUra ke paMkhoM se banI picchI ko chor3akara gAya ke bAloM se banI picchI dhAraNa kI thii| jJAtavya hai ki isa saMgha meM striyoM ko dIkSA niSiddha nahIM thii| kASThA saMgha ke nimnalikhita cAra pramukha gacchoM kA ullekha bhI vibhinna abhilekhoM meM milatA hai(1) mAthura gaccha : kASThA saMgha ke isa gaccha kA ullekha 1174 I0, 1179 I. aura 1485 I. ke tIna abhilekhoM meM milatA hai / 2 1177 I0 se 1575 I0 ke madhya hue isa gaccha ke kaI AcAryoM ke nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiM, yathA-lalitakIrti, mAdhavasena, uddharasena, devasena, vimalasena, dharmasena, bhAvasena, sahasrakIrti, guNakIrti, yazakIrti, malayakIrti, guNabhadra, bhAnukoti, kumArasena aura vijayasena aadi|' lagabhaga 400 varSoM taka astitva meM rahane vAle isa gaccha ke AcAryoM ke sAhityika yogadAna ke sandarbha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| .. (ii) lAgvAgaDa gaccha : kASThA saMgha se sambandhita isa gaccha kA ullekha 1179 I0 aura 1333 I0 ke do abhilekhoM meM milatA hai| 1374 I0 se 1436 I0 ko avadhi meM hue isa gaccha ke nimnalikhita AcAryoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM-anantakIrti, vijayasena, citrasena, padmasena, tribhuvanakoti, dharmakIrti, malayakoti, narendrakIrti aura prtaapkiirti| paryApta sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa gaccha ke saMdarbha meM bhI 'anya koI jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai / (iii) naditaTa gaccha: 1433 I0 tathA 1459 I0 ke do abhilekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha 1. zAstrI, kailAzacandra jaina dharma, pR0 305 2. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 34, 38, 833 3. Jain sects and schools, p. 117 4. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 39, 133 4. Jain Sects and schools, p. 120 /

Page #119
.108 : anacarma ke sampradAya kASThA saMgha ke ullekha ke sAtha milatA hai, jisase pratiphalita hotA hai 'ki yaha gaccha kASThA saMgha se sambandhita thaa| .. 1412 I0 se 1679 I0 kI avadhi meM hue isa gaccha ke aneka AcAryo ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM, yathA-ratnakIrti, lakSmIsena, bhImasena, dharmasena, somakIti, vimalasena, vijayasena, vizAlakIti, yazakIrti, vizvasena, udayasena, vijayakIrti, vidyAbhUSaNa, tribhUvanakIrti aura zrIbhUSaNa aadi| (iv) bAgaDa gaccha : kASThA saMgha ke isa gaccha kA ullekha 1447 I0 tathA 1459 I0 ke do abhilekhoM meM milatA hai| ina abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye donoM hI abhilekha dharmasena ke haiN| bAgar3a gaccha ke mAtra do AcAryoM -sUrasena aura yazakIrti ke hI nAma upalabdha hote haiM / yaha gaccha saMbhavataH kucha samaya pazcAt hI anya gacchoM meM sammilita ho gayA hogA, kyoMki mAtra 12 varSoM kI alpAvadhi ke upalabdha ina do abhilekhoM ke atirikta isa gaccha se sambandhita aura koI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| 4. devasena saMgha :. rAjasthAna meM nAgaura sthita AdinAtha mandira horAbADI kI saMbhavanAtha pratimA para 1496 I0 ke do lekha aMkita haiN| jinameM isa saMgha kA ullekha huA hai| anya koI abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hone se isa saMgha ke sandarbha meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| 5.bosapaMthI varga digambara paraMparA kA yaha paMtha lagabhaga 13vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA / 5 glAsanepa kA mata hai ki basantakIrti ne eka vastra se muniyoM ke 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha kramAMka, 279, 551 2. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 112 3. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 383, 551 4. vahI, kramAMka 871, 872 4. Jain Sects and Schools, P. 137

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 1.9. caryArtha jAte samaya AcchAdana kA jo prAvadhAna sthApita kiyA thA, usako mAnane vAle "vizvapaMthI" yA "bosapaMthI" kahalAne lge|' yadyapi isa paMtha ke utpatti sthala evaM samaya Adi ke bAre meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai tathApi isa paMtha kI mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM vistAra se ullekha huA hai| isa paMtha ke anuyAyo bherava Adi kSetrapAloM sahita tIrthaMkaroM ko mUrtiyA~ sthApita karavAte haiM tathA unako pUjA-arcanA ke lie sacitta dravya kA upayoga karate haiN| isa paMtha ko eka atirikta vizeSatA kA ullekha bulakara ne kiyA hai, unake anusAra isa paMtha ke bhaTTAraka bhojana karate samaya pUrNataH nagna rahate haiM aura usa samaya unakA eka ziSya ghaMTI bajAtA rahatA hai tAki sAmAnyajana vahA~ se dUra rheN| 6. vinambara terApAya: jisa prakAra zvetAmbara terApaMtha sampradAya ko utpatti sthAnakavAso AcAra-paramparA kI eka pratikriyA thI usI prakAra digaMbara terApaMtha kI utpatti bhaTTArakoM ko AcAra-paramparA ko eka pratikriyA tho / zvetAmbara terApaMtha amUrtipUjaka sampradAya hai, kintu digambara terApaMtha mUrtipUjaka sampradAya hai| . isa paMtha kI utpatti ke sandarbha meM do tathya upalabdha hote haiM, prathama yaha ki 17vIM zatAbdI meM isa paMtha ko sAMgAnera nivAsI amaracanda ne prArambha kiyA thaa|' dUsarA abhimata yaha hai ki yaha paMtha 1528 I0 meM paTanA meM astitva meM AyA thaa| donoM abhimatoM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha paMtha 16vIM-17 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga astitva meM AyA thaa| .. AcAra viSayaka mAnyatAoM ko dRSTi se dekheM to inakI mAnyatAe~ bosapaMthI varga se sarvathA bhinna haiN| isa mata ke anuyAyo mandiroM meM mAtra tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ hI sthApita karate haiM, kSetrapAloM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM kI nhiiN| jaina dharma meM pratipAdita ahiMsA siddhAnta ke prati sajaga rahane ke kAraNa isa paMtha ke anuyAyI jina-pratimA kA pUjana bhI acitta dravyoM 1. uddhRta-madhyakAlona rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 121 2. Jain Sects and schools, P. 137 3. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, pR0 130 4. Jain Sects and Schools, p. 137

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. -110 : jainadharma ke sampradAya se hI karate haiM aura unheM bho svatantra caukI para car3hAte haiM / phala-phUlAdi - sacitta dravyoM se pratimApUjana karanA inake mata meM niSiddha hai| 7. sAr3he solaha pantha athavA ToTA pantha : ___ yaha pantha bosa pantha aura terApaMtha (digambara) kI sthApanA ke bAda . kabhI astitva meM aayaa| bIsapaMthI aura terApanthI varga ke madhya sacitta aura acitta dradhya pUjA kA jo bheda thA, saMbhavataH usa bheda ko samApta kara ina donoM paMthoM meM ekatA sthApita karane hetu hI isa naye paMtha kI utpatti huI thii| isa paMtha ke anuyAyI bIsapaMtha kI mAnyatAnusAra bhaTTArakoM ko guru mAnya karate haiM tathA terApaMtha (digambara) kI mAnyatAnusAra mAtra acitta dravya se hI jina-pratimA kI pUjA karate haiN| 8. tAraNa pantha : jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMtho-ye donoM sampradAya amUrtipUjaka haiM, usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM tAraNa paMtha amUrtipUjaka sampradAya hai / tAraNa paMtha kA eka anya nAma samaiyApaMtha bhI milatA hai / isa paMtha ke saMsthApaka tAraNa svAmI mAne jAte haiN| tAraNa svAmI kA janma 1448 I0 meM aura mRtyu 1515 I0 huI thii| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnanA upayukta hogA ki 15vIM zatAbdo ke lagabhaga . kabhI isa paMtha kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| tAraNa svAmo dvArA likhita 14 zAstroM ko ho inake anuyAyI Agama tulya mAnate haiM aura ina zAstroM kI pUjA karanA ho isa saMgha kA vidhAna hai| isa paMtha ke anuyAyiyoM ko eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye caityAlayoM meM jina-pratimA ke sthAna para jina vANI (zAstra) kI sthApanA karate haiN| zAstra kI sthApanA evaM pUjA kA aisA vidhAna jaina dharma ke to kisI anya sampradAya meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu sikkha dharma meM avazya milatA hai| ___ isa paMtha ke anuyAyiyoM kA jAtigata bheda meM koI vizvAsa nahIM thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki isa paMtha meM nIca jAti (zudra) ke logoM aura musalamAnoM taka ko praveza kI anumati thii| svayaM tAraNasvAmI kA eka ziSya rUIramaNa musalamAna thaa| 9. gumAna pantha : isa paMtha ke saMsthApaka jayapura nivAsI paNDita ToDaramala ke putra gumAnIrAma mAne jAte haiM / isa paMtha ke astitva meM Ane kA ullekha 18vIM ..1. Jain Sects and schools. P. 138

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 111 zatAbdI kA milatA hai| rAjasthAna ke kucha bhAgoM meM ho astitva meM rahA yaha paMtha zuddha AmnAya ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ahiMsA siddhAnta ko sarvopari mAnate hue isa paMtha ke anuyAyo jaina mandiroM meM bijalI, momabattI athavA dIpaka Adi bhI jalAne kA niSedha "karate haiN|' 10. kAnajI pantha: ___ kAnajI svAmI kA janma kAThiyAvAr3a ke choTe se grAma umarAlA meM vi0 saM0 1947 arthAt I0 san 1890 meM huA thaa| ApakA janma sthAnakavAsI jaina parivAra meM huA thA aura usI paramparA meM dIkSita hokara Apa muni bane the, kintu bAda meM Apane digambara sampradAya apanA liyaa| yadyapi kAnajI svAmI ne kAnajI pantha nAma se kisI svatantra sampradAya kI sthA'panA nahIM ko tho, kintu unakI AmnAya kA yaha varga Ajakala kAnajI "pantha ke nAma se hI jAnA jAtA hai| - AtmA kA kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva, karma aura AtmA kA sambandha tathA AtmA kA baMdhana Adi kucha aise prazna rahe haiM, jinake uttaroM ke sambandha meM sAmAnya rUpa se to zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatA meM ekarUpatA hI hai, kintu digambara paramparA ke mahAn AcArya kundakunda ne ina sabhI kI nizcayanaya se jo vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI thIM unhIM vyAkhyAoM ko AdhAra mAnakara digambara paramparA meM nizcayapaMtha-kAnajI paMtha astitva meM AyA hai| isa paMtha ke anuyAyI bhI digambara terApaMtha kI taraha pratimApUjana kevala acitta dravya se hI karate haiM tathA kevala jinapratimA kI hI pUjA karate haiM, kSetrapAla ( bhairava ) Adi ke pUjana kI paramparA isa paMtha meM bhI nahIM hai| 11. kavipantha : zvetAmbara aura digambara-donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra isa paMtha ko sthApanA kAThiyAvAr3a prAnta meM zrImadrAjacaMdra ne kI thii| rAjacandra kA janma kArtika pUrNimA saMvat 1924 arthAt 1867 IsvI meM huA thaa| inake pitA rAvajIbhAI aura mAtA devAbAI thiiN| rAjacaMdra kavi the isalie unakA paMtha bhI kavipantha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| . 1. Jain sects and schools, P. 138 2. Ibid, P. 139.

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112 : jagavarma ke sammAna 2 zrImadrAjacaMdra ne apane samaya meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke madhya samanvaya kA kArya kiyA thaa| unake anusAra zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM tAttvika dRSTi se koI bhinnatA nahIM hai, jo kucha bhinnatA hai vaha vaicArika dRSTi se hI hai| prArambha meM rAjacandra pratimApUjA ke virodhI the parantu bAda meM ve pratimApUjA ko mAnane lage the|' isa paMtha meM koI sAdha-sAdhviyAM nahIM haiN| "zrImadarAjacaMdra" ko kutiyoM ko hI isake anuyAyI Agama ko taraha pUjya mAnate haiM / isa paMtha ke anuyAyI bAhya kriyAoM ko adhika mahattva nahIM dete the| kintu aba ye zrImadrAjacaMdra kI pratimA ke pUjana ko mahattva dene lage haiN| zrImadrAjacaMdra dvArA racita sAhitya-strInItibodha, kAvyamAlA, vacanasaptazatI, puSpamAlA, mokSamAlA, bhAvanAbodha, vacanAmRta aura AtmasiddhizAstra Adi haiN|2 __ zrImadrAjacaMdra kA 33 varSa kI Ayu meM hI rAjakoTa meM nidhana ho gyaa| yadyapi zrImadrAjacaMdra ke jIvanakAla meM unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA kama thI, kintu unake dehAvasAna ke pazcAt isa paMtha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM bhArI vRddhi huii| digambara paramparA ke vividha sampradAyoM ke utpatti sthala evaM utpattikAla kI carcA hamane yahAM kI hai, kintu paryApta pramANoM ke abhAva meM ina sampradAyoM kI AcArya paramparA tathA zramaNoM evaM AryikAoM kA saMkhyAtmaka vivaraNa hama prastuta nahIM kara sake haiN| yadyapi zrI bAbUlAla jaina ne samagra jaina cAturmAsa sUcI varSa 1991 meM digambara paramparA ke vividha sampradAyoM ke zramaNoM evaM AryikAoM kI saMkhyA kramazaH 245 evaM 178 mAnI hai, kintu svayaM zrI jaina bhI isa saMkhyA ko pUrNa nahIM mAna rahe haiM / unakA bhI yahI kahanA hai ki prayatna karane para bhI digambara paramparA ke sabhI AcAryoM evaM zramaNoM ke bAre meM paryApta jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI hai| digambara paramparA meM zramaNoM evaM AryikAoM ke atirikta aneka kSullaka, kSullikAe~, vratI evaM brahmacArI bhI haiM, kintu inakA bhI saMkhyAtmaka vivaraNa anupalabdha hai| 1. zAstrI, jagadIzacandra-zrImadrAjacandra, pUrva pR0 23-24. 2. vahI, pUrva pR0 32-36

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 113 yApanIya sampradAya ke upasampradAya : vartamAna samaya meM jaina paramparA meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara-ye do sampradAya hI pramukha sampradAya mAne jAte haiM, kintu 5vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga prabhAvazAlI rahe yApanIya sampradAya kA vartamAna meM koI astitva nahIM hai tathA aisI koI vizeSa sAhityika sAmagrI bhI upalabdha nahIM hai jisase isa sampradAya evaM isake upasampradAyoM ko jAnakArI jJAta ho ske| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne yApanIya sampradAya, sAhitya, mAnyAtAe~ evaM usake upasampradAyoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha apanI pustaka "jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya" meM kiyA hai| hama mukhya rUpa se isI pustaka ko AdhAra banAkara yApanoya sampradAya ke upasampradAyoM ko saMkSipta jAnakArI yahA~ de rahe haiN| 1. kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa : . yadyapi aisA eka bhI abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai jisameM isa gaNa kA ullekha yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha huA ho| isa gaNa kI utpatti kaba, kahA~ evaM kisake dvArA huI tathA inakI mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM ? ityAdi jAnakAriyA~ ajJAta haiM / isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha 488 I. ke eka abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM kanakopala AmnAya ke jinanandi ko eka jaina mandira hetu gAMva tathA kucha jamIna dene kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke kucha AcAryoM ke nAma bhI milate haiM, yathA-jinanandi, siddhanandi, citakAcArya, nAgadeva Adi / hama isa sampradAya ko yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita kaDaba ke usa abhilekha ke AdhAra para mAna rahe haiM jisameM AcAryoM ko jo sUcI do gaI hai usameM kityAcArya anvaya (citakAcAryAnvaya) kA bhI ullekha hai| inhIM kityAcArya kA nAmollekha isa gaNa ke sAtha milane se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki yaha gaNa yApanIya sampradAya se saMbaMdhita rahA hai| - lagabhaga 5vIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA yaha gaNa kitane samaya taka astitva meM banA rahA tathA kAlAntara meM kaba lupta ho gayA ? paryApta sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa sandarbha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| 2. zrImUlamUlagaNa: . aisA koI abhilekha athavA sAhitya hameM upalabdha nahIM huA hai jisameM . 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 106 2. vahI, kramAMka 124

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914 : jainadharma ke sampradAya isa gaNa kA ullekha yApanIya sampradAya ke sAtha haA ho| isa gaNa ko utpatti saMbaMdhI bhI koI jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hai| devarahalli (devAlapura) meM paTela kRSNayya ke tAmrapatroM para likhita 776 I0 ke eka lekha meM zrImUlamUlagaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| isa lekha se yaha bho jJAta hotA hai ki isa gaNa meM eregitturagaNa aura pulikala gaccha bho thaa| isa lekha meM isa gaNa kI AcArya paramparA isa prakAra ullikhita hai-candranando, kotinandI aura vimlnndii| .. pro0 gulAbacandra caudharI kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki yApanIya saMgha kaI . gaNoM meM vibhakta thA, inameM kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa, zrImUlamUlagaNa tathA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa Adi pramukha the| isa gaNa kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI vistRta jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / 3. punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa : yApanIya sampradAya ke vividha gaNoM meM sarvAdhika samaya taka astitva meM rahane vAle isa gaNa kA prAcInatama ullekha 812 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM huA hai| kaDaba ke isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke AcAryoM kI paramparA isa prakAra ullikhita hai-zro kityAcArya, zrI kuvilAcArya, zrI vijayakIrti aura zrI arkakoti / isa abhilekha ko vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM yApanIya saMgha ke punnAgavRkSAlagaNa tathA kityAcArya anvaya kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| isake atirikta 1020 I0; 1028 I0, 1108 I. tathA 1155 I. ke cAra anya abhilekhoM meM isa gaNa ke AcAryoM evaM AryikAoM ke nAma bhI ullikhita haiN| __ isa gaNa kA ullekha karane vAlA antima abhilekha 1394 I0 kA 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 121 2. uddhRta--jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 34 3. "zrI yApanIyanandIsaMghapunnAgavRkSamUlagaNe zrI kityAcAryaanvaye" -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 124 4. (ka) Journal of Bombay Historical Society, Vol. 3, p. 120 uddhRta-anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 248 (kha) sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzansa, khaNDa 12, naM. 65, manAsa 1940 (ga) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 250 (gha) vahI, bhAga 4, kramAMka 260

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 115 upalabdha haA hai| isameM isa gaNa ke nemicandra, dharmakoti aura nAgacandra Adi AcAryoM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 9vIM zatAbdI se 14vIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga 600 varSoM ko dorgha avadhi taka yApatIya sampradAya kA yaha gaNa astitva meM rahA, kintu itanI lambI avadhi taka astitva meM rahakara bhI isa gaNa ke anuyAyiyoM kA aisA koI abhilekhoya athavA sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase isa gaNa kI utpatti evaM mAnyatA sambandhI vizeSa jAnakAro jJAta ho ske| 4. korayagaNa : isa gaNa kA prAcInatama abhilekha 875 I0 kA upalabdha hotA hai| 11vIM zatAbdI ke kalbhAvo ke eka abhilekha meM korayagaNa kA ullekha mailApAnvaya ke sAtha milatA hai / mailApAnvaya yApanIya sampradAya kA pramukha anvaye mAnA jAtA hai| bailahoMgala ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha kA melApAnvaya ke korayagaNa tathA usake mulla bhaTTAraka aura jinezvarasUri kA varNana hai|4 13vIM zatAbdI ke nimna tIna anya abhilekhoM meM bhI isa gaNa kA nAmollekha yApanIya saMgha ke mailApAnvaya ke sAtha huA hai" [ka] hannakari kA abhilekha (1209 I.) [kha] badalI (belagAMva) kA abhilekha (1219 I.) [ga] hannekeri kA abhilekha (1257 I0) ina abhilekhoM meM isa gaNa ke nimna AcAryoM ke nAma bhI ullekhita haiM-bhaTTAraka mAdhava; vijadeva, bhaTTArakakoti, kanakaprabha aura zrIdharatraividhadeva aadi| . isa prakAra abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaNa lagabhaga 400 varSoM taka astitva meM banA rhaa| 1. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 37 2.. vahI, pR0 40 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 182 4. vahI, bhAga 4, kramAMka 209 5. jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR040

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116 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 5. koTimaDavagaNa : 945 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIyasaMgha, koTimaDuvagaNa, arhannandI gaccha ke mandira evaM deva Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha isa gaNa kA nAmollekha hone se jJAta hotA ki yaha gaNa yApanIya sampradAya se saMbaMdhita rahA hai| pro0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne 1124 I. ke seDama ke eka abhilekha ke AdhAra para maDuvagaNa ke prabhAcandra vidha kA ullekha kiyA hai| upalabdha abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaNa 10vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka astitva meM rahA hai| isa gaNa se saMbaMdhita vistRta jAnakArI anupalabdha hai| . 6. kaNDUra/kANUragaNa : ____kaNDUragaNa athavA kANUragaNa yApanIya sampradAya kA eka mahatvapUrNa gaNa rahA hai| isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha 980 I. ke sauMdatti ke abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke sAtha yApanIya saMgha kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaNa yApanIya sampradAya se saMbaMdhita rahA hai| isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke AcAryoM ke nAma isa prakAra ullikhita haiM-bAhubalideva, ravicandrasvAmo, arhannando, zubhacandra aura prabhAcandradeva / 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke tIna abhilekha aura upalabdha hote haiM jinameM isa gaNa kA nAmollekha yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha huA hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM isa gaNa kA ullekha mUlasaMgha ke sAtha bhI huA hai isase eka saMbhAvanA yaha lagatI hai ki yaha gaNa digambara paramparA se saMbaMdhita rahA hogA tathA dUsarI saMbhAvanA yaha lagatI hai ki prArambha meM yaha gaNa yApanIya paramparA se saMbaMdhita rahA hogA kintu kAlAntara meM jaba yApanIya saMgha dhIre-dhIre samApta hone lagA aura usake gaNa digambara sampradAya meM vilIna hone lage to yaha gaNa digambara sampradAya dvArA AtmasAta kara liyA gayA 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 143 2. Jainism in South India, P. 403 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kramAMka 160 4. (ka) vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 205, 207 (kha) vahI, bhAga 4, kramAMka 368

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 117 ho / saMbhAvanAe~ donoM ho sakatI haiM, kisI Thosa nirNaya ke abhAva meM hama isa gaNa ko digambara paramparA ke mUlasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha donoM se saMbaMdhita mAna rahe haiN| 7. bandiyUragaNa : yaha gaNa saMbhavataH eka zatAbdI taka hI astitva meM rahA hai kyoMki isa gaNa kA ullekha karane vAle upalabdha tInoM hI abhilekha 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI ke haiN|' ina abhilekhoM meM mahAvIra paNDita, nAgadeva saiddhAntika ke ziSya brahmadeva, mahAmuni guNacandra Adi nAma ullekhita haiM, jo saMbhavataH isa gaNa ke hI AcArya rahe hoNge| aneka gaNoM ko taraha isa gaNa ke sandarbha meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai| uparokta gaNoM ke alAvA kucha gaNa aise bhI haiM jinake sAtha yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ne unheM yApanIya saMgha ke ho gaNa mAne haiN| pro0 gulAbacanda caudharI ne balhArIgaNa aura usake aDDakaligaccha ko bhI yApanIya sampradAya se saMbaMdhita mAnA hai| kUrcaka saMgha : __ mRgezavarmA ke abhilekha meM sarvaprathama yApanIya saMgha, nirgrantha sagha, kUrcaka saMgha aura zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha-ina cAra saMghoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN:| devagiri aura halsI ke abhilekhoM meM isa saMgha kA ullekha huA hai| yadyapi ina abhilekhoM ke mAdhyama se isa saMgha se saMbaMdhita koI vizeSa jAnakArI jJAta nahIM hotI hai tathApi yaha to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki nirgrantha, yApanIya aura kUrcaka-ye alaga-alaga sampradAya the| eka anya abhilekha meM kurcaka saMgha ke antargata vAriSeNa AcArya ke saMgha kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| .. zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM kUrcakoM kA ullekha tApasa paramparA ke sAghuoM ko carcA ke prasaMga meM huA hai / Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM spaSTa 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 5, kramAMka 70, 125, 86 2. vahI, bhAga 3, bhUmikA pR0 30 3. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 96 4. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 98 5. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 99 6. vahI, bhAga 2, kramAMka 102

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118 : jainadharma ke sampradAya kahA hai-nirgrantha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko kUrcakoM ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra ke vastrAdi ke lena-dena kA sambandha nahIM rakhanA caahie|' ___isa saMgha ke kUrcaka nAma ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ko mAnyatA hai ki jaina sAdhuoM kA koI aisA varga rahA hogA jo dAr3hI-mUcha Adi rakhatA hogA / isI kAraNa vaha varga kUrcaka saMgha kahalAyA hogaa| kintu pro0 sAgaramala jaina premIjI ke isa mantavya se sahamata nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM pro. jaina kA kahanA hai ki premI jI ke niSkarSa se sahamata hone meM kaThinAI AtI hai, kyoMki kezaloca jaina zramaNa saMgha kA eka aparihArya niyama rahA hai aura usa niyama ko bhaMga karake jaina zramaNoM kA koI varga dAr3ho-mUMcha rakhane lagA ho, yaha kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| pro0 jaina ke anusAra kUrcaka saMgha kA nAmakaraNa viziSTa prakAra kA rajoharaNa (kUci) rakhane ke AdhAra para huA hogaa| isa saMgha ke nAmakaraNa ko lekara vidvAnoM ke vividha matoM ko dekhate hue niSkarSa rUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu hameM pro0 jaina kA kathana isalie ucita pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM zramaNoM dvArA dhAraNa ko jAne vAlI picchI/rajoharaNa ke svarUpa evaM prakAra ke AdhAra para hI gopicchika evaM nimpicchika saMghoM kA bhI nAmakaraNa huA hai| isalie saMbhavataH (kUci) rajoharaNa rakhane ke kAraNa ho zramaNoM ke eka varga kA nAma kUrcaka saMgha par3A hogaa| jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM se sambandhita isa vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki vI0 ni0 saM0 606 athavA 609 meM jaina dharma zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do paramparAoM meM spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| tatpazcAt pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaina dharma meM yApanIya sampradAya kA udbhava huA, jisane zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya ke madhya samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| 1. "kAvalie ya bhikkhU suivAdI kuccie avesatthI / vANiyaga tarUNa saMsaThTha mehuNe mohae caiva / " -bRhatkalpasUtra-laghubhASya, 2823, uddhRta -jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 48-49 2. premI, nAthurAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 558-562 3. jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 48-54

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jainadharma ke sampradAya : 119 zvetAmbara paramparA meM I0 san 954 se mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke vividha gacchoM ke abhilekha milate haiM, isase pratiphalita hotA hai ki usake pUrva bhI mUrtipUjaka sampradAya astitva meM thaa| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM adhikAMza gacchoM ke sandarbha meM adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| kucha gacchoM kA to utpatti sthala evaM utpatti samaya bhI jJAta nahIM hotA hai una gacchoM ke sandarbha meM yaha mAnanA upayukta hogA ki unakI utpatti usa zatAbdI ke AsapAsa huI hogI jisa zatAbdI ke pratimAlekhoM meM una gacchoM kA ullekha huA hai| sAhityika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM yaha jJAta karanA muzkila hai ki unako viziSTa mAnyatAe~ kyA thI? zvetAmbara paramparA meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAya kA udbhava 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM lokAgaccha ke rUpa meM huaa| lokAgaccha se 17voM zatAbdI meM sthAnakavAsI sampradAya vikasita huA aura sthAnakavAso sampradAya se hI 18vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya bhikSu ke dvArA terApaMtha sampradAya kI sthApanA huI hai| digambara paraMparA meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki AcArya arhabali ne sarvaprathama digambara paraMparA ko sena, nandi, deva aura siMha aise cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA aura yaha nirdeza diyA thA ki pratyeka paraMparA apane AcArya ke nAmAnta meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga kreN| kucha samaya taka ye. saMgha caleM, kintu kAlAntara meM inameM gaNa aura anvaya bheda hote gye| isako carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| AcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt sAmAnyatayA aisI paramparA vikasita huI jisase pratyeka gaNa apane ko mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya se jor3ane lgaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM prAyaH sabhI digambara muni apane ko mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya kA kahate haiN| digambara paramparA meM drAvir3asaMgha, kASThAsaMgha aura mAthurasaMgha Adi aneka sampradAyoM kA aba koI astitva nahIM hai| .. yApanoya sampradAya yadyapi kucha samaya pUrva taka janasAmAnya evaM vidvAnoM ke lie aparicita thA kintu vigata kucha varSoM se isa sampradAya ke sandarbha meM jo jAnakArI upalabdha huI hai usa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pAMcavIM zatAbdI se pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka yaha sampradAya astitva meM rahA hai kyoMki isI avadhi ke abhilekhoM meM isa sampradAya kA ullekha huA hai| isa avadhi ke pazcAt isa sampradAya se saMbaMdhita abhi

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120 : jainadharma ke sampradAya lekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM kI anupalabdhatA ke kAraNa yaha mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki 15vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt isa sampradAya ke anuyAyo anya sampradAyoM meM samAhita ho gaye hoNge| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi se carcA kI hai| kintu ina sampradAyoM aura upasaMpradAyoM ke astitva meM Ane ke mUlabhUta kAraNa kyA the aura dArzanika siddhAntoM athavA AcAra saMbaMdho praznoM ko lekara ina sampradAyoM ke mantavya kyA the? inakI carcA hamane yahA~ nahIM kI hai| agale adhyAyoM meM hama ina sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM ko dArzanika evaM AcAra saMbaMdhI viziSTa mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kreNge|

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caturtha adhyAya vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ varzana zabda kA artha: darzana zabda "deza" (dekhanA) dhAtu se karaNa artha meM "lyuTa" pratyaya lagAkara banA hai| isakA artha hai jisake dvArA dekhA jaae| isa prakAra jisake dvArA jIvana evaM jagat ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane evaM samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha darzana hai| - "dRzyate'neneti darzanam" yA "dRzyate jJAyate'neneti darzanamityu 'cyamAne"' arthAt jisake dvArA dekhA jAe, jAnA jAe, use darzana kahate haiN| yaha darzana kI anubhUti sApekSa paribhASA hai| darzana kA sIdhA aura -sarala artha hai-sAkSAtkAra karanA arthAt vastu svarUpa kA bodha krnaa| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra darzana vastusvarUpa ko cintana nirapekSa anubhUti hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha satyAnubhUti yA satya kA sAkSAtkAra hai / - apane isa artha meM 'darzana' meM virodha, vivAda evaM matabheda kA koI -sthAna nahIM hai kintu jaba darzana dRSTikoNa bana jAtA hai tathA mata yA sampradAya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai to usameM virodha dikhAI detA hai| - jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra jaise ati pracIna grantha meM darzana zabda sAmAnyatayA anubhUti yA aparokSAnubhUti ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| vahA~ aindrika anubhUtiyoM athavA AtmAnubhUti ko darzana kahA gayA hai| jaina karmasiddhAMta meM darzana zabda kA prayoga Aja bho anubhUti ke artha meM hI kiyA jAtA hai / kintu Age calakara jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda kA yaha prAcona artha upekSita hotA gayA aura dRSTi (diTThI) yA dRSTikoNa ( View point) bana gyaa| dRSTi kA tAtparya jIvana aura jagata ke sambandha meM vyakti ke dRSTikoNa se mAnA gayA hai| 1. SaDdarzanasamuccayaH haribhadrasUri, pR0 2 / 18, udhata-nendra siddhAntakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 405-406

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122 : jainadharma ke sampradAya vartamAna meM jaba hama darzana zabda ko philaoNsaphI ( Philosophy) ke artha meM lete haiM to vahAM vaha dRSTi kA ho paryAyavAcI hai, kyoMki jIvana aura jagata ke sambandha meM vyakti ke dRSTikoNa ko ho darzana kahA jAtA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hama darzana zabda kA prayoga isI somita artha meM kara rahe haiM aura kevala tattvamImAMsA saMbaMdhI carcAoM ko ho isake antargata le rahe haiM / jJAtavya hai ki Age calakara jaina AcAra zAstra meM darzana zabda . zraddhA yA AsthA ho gayA hai| samyagdarzana meM darzana zabda zraddhA paraka artha me prayukta huA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ke dvArA tattva ko jAneM aura darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kreN| isa prakAra paravartI jaina sAhitya meM darzana zabda samyak-darzana ke rUpa meM zraddhA yA bhakti kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA aura yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki devaguru aura dharma ke prati samyaka zraddhA honA ho samyak-darzana hai| isa artha meM darzana zabda tattva jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hokara sAdhanA yA AcAra kA viSaya bana gyaa| prastuta adhyAya me hamane isake sAdhanAgata athavA zraddhAgata svarUpa ko nahIM, apitu tatva. mImAMsoya artha ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai| yahAM hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM kI tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAeM kyA haiM ? tattva kI saMkhyA kA prazna : jaina darzana meM mUlataH do hI tattva mAne gae haiM-1. jIva tattva aura 2. ajova tatva / kintu jova aura ajova tattva ke sambandha ko lekara unase jo bhinna avasthAeM banatI haiM, usa dRSTi se vicAra karane para kucha jaina AcAryoM ne nau tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana Adi zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya granthoM meM nau tattvoM kA ho ullekha milatA hai / kintu umAsvAti se prArambha karake paravartI jaina AcAryoM vizeSa rUpa se 1. "nANeNa jANaI bhAve daMsaNeNa ya saddahe |"-uttraadhyynsuutr, 28335 2. sAmAyikasUtra-samyaktva pATha 3. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 2 / 1 (kha) pravacanasAra, 2 / 35 4. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28314, (sa) mUlAcAra, mAdA 203 (ga) samayasAra, gAthA 13 (gha) paMcastikAma, mAthA 108

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 123 digambara jaina AcAryoM ne sAta tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|' nau tatva nimna rUpa se pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM 1. jIva tatva-cetana sattA jIva tattva hai| 2. ajIva tattva-jar3a sattA yA bhautika tattva (isameM karma pudgala bho samAviSTa haiM) ajIva tattva hai| 3. Asrava tattva-jIva kI zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa karma vargaNAoM ke pudgaloM kA AtmA ko ora AnA Asrava tattva hai| 4. saMvara tasva-jIva ke mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyAoM ke saMyamana athavA nirodha se karma vargaNAoM ke pudgaloM kA AtmA kI ora AnA ruka jAnA saMvara hai| . 5. nirjarA tasva-karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmA se alaga honA nirjarA hai| jaba karmavargaNA ke pudgala apanA phala dekara AtmA se alaga hote haiM to vaha prakriyA savipAka nirjarA kahalAto hai, kintu jaba tapa Adi ke mAdhyama se karmavargaNA ke pudgala apane svAbhAvika vipAka ke pUrva ho AtmA se vilaga kara die jAte haiM to vaha avasthA avipAka nirjarA kahalAtI hai| 6.paNya tatva-jIva kI ve kriyAe~ jo prazasta hotI haiM aura jinake kAraNa prazasta karmavargaNAoM kA Asrava yA bandha hotA hai tathA jo apane vipAka meM sukha pradAna karato haiM, ve puNya kaho jAtI haiN| 7. pApa tattva-jIva ko ve kriyAe~ jo aprazasta karmavargaNAoM ke pudgaloM kA Asrava karatI haiM tathA jinake kAraNa azubha karma kA bandha .hotA hai aura jisakA pariNAma bhI duHkhada hotA hai, ve pApa kaho jAtI haiM / . 8. bandha tattva-AtmA kA karmavargaNAoM se saMzaliSTa honA ho bandha hai| bandha hamAre sAMsArika astitva kA mUlabhUta kAraNa hai| 9. mokSa tattva-samasta karmamala nirjarita ho jAne para AtmA ko jo zuddha-svAbhAvika dazA hoto hai, vahI mokSa hai| ... zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM sAmAnya . rUpa se nau tattvoM kA hI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta digambara. 1. (ka) prajJApanAsUtra, 13 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 14

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124 : jainadharma ke sampradAya paramparA dvArA mAnya prAcIna granthoM meM sAta tattvoM kI carcA ho pramukha raho hai| tattvArthasUtra kI zvetAmbara TIkAoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne puNya-pApa ko svatantra gaNanA karate hue nau tattva ho mAne haiN| . isake viparIta tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue prAyaH sabhI digambara AcAryoM ne puNya aura pApa ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnA hai aura unakA antarbhAva Asrava tattva meM hI karake unhoMne sAta tattvoM kA hI pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadyapi prAcIna AgamoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa kundakundaprabhRti kucha AcAryoM ne nau tattvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se hama kaha . sakate haiM ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA nau tattva mAnatI hai, vahIM digambara paramparA sAta tattva mAnatI hai| yaha eka sAmAnya kathana hai| isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki digambara paramparA nau tattvoM kI avadhAraNA kI tathA zvetAmbara paramparA sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA ko pUrNataH virodhI hai| kyoMki jo AcArya sAta tattva mAnate haiM ve bhI Asrava ke bheda ke rUpa meM puNya aura pApa ko to mAnate hI haiN| ___eka ora tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa jahA~ tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbara TokAkAroM ne sAta tattvoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se AgamoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM nau tatvoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai| tattvoM kI sAta aura nau kI saMkhyA kA yaha matabheda to apanI jagaha hai hI, kintu hamAre lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki sAta aura nau tattvoM kI mAnyatA ke isa antara kI dArzanika samasyA kyA hai ? yaha -satya hai ki puNya aura pApa donoM hI Asrava rUpa haiM, isIlie unako Asrava se bhinna svatantra tattva mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, saMbhavataH isI kAraNa digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne puNya aura pApa ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnakara unakA antarbhAva Asatra meM hI kiyA hai aura isa prakAra unhoMne -sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA ko svIkArA hai| isake viparIta nau tattvoM ko mAnane vAlI zvetAmbara paramparA kA kahanA yaha hai ki puNya aura pApa kevala Asrava nahIM hai, unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka bhii| yadi "hama Asrava meM puNya-Asrava aura pApa-Asrava aise do vibhAga karate haiM to phira hameM bandha meM bhI puNya-bandha aura pApa-bandha aise do vibhAga karane hoNge| isI prakAra vipAka meM bhI puNya-vipAka aura pApa-vipAka ke bheda

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 125.. karane hoNge| isI samasyA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hama kaha sakate haiM ki sAta tattvoM ko apekSA nau tattvoM ko avadhAraNA adhika buddhigamya hai kintu dUsarI ora samasyA yaha hai ki yadi puNya-pApa Asrava, bandha aura nirjarA rUpa hI haiM to phira unheM svatantra tatva mAnane ko kyA AvazyakatA hai ? niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA aura nau tattvoM kI avadhAraNA meM AtyAntika virodha to nahIM hai phira bhI mAnyatA bheda to apanI jagaha hai| hama pUrva meM bhI yaha spaSTa kaha cuke haiM ki na to zvetAmbara paramparA ko sAta tattva mAnane meM koI Apatti hai aura na hI digambara paramparA kA nau tattva mAnane meM koI virodha hai / phira bhI tattva kI saMkhyA ko lekara donoM paramparAoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatA to hai / punaH yadi puNya aura pApa ko svatantra tattva mAnane meM kisI ko Apatti hai to usakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki phira to jIva aura ajIva ye do hI tatva mAnane cAhie, kyoMki zeSa pAMca tattva bhI jIva-ajova ke saMbaMdhoM ke hI sUcaka haiM, unakI bhI svatantra sattA nahIM haiN| ataH pApa-puNya ko svatantra tattva mAnanA bhI ayuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA prazna : jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla-ina SaDadravyoM kI avadhAraNA ko lekara sAmAnya rUpa se to zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM koI vizeSa matabheda nahIM hai kintu jahA~ digambara paramparA . kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnatI hai vahIM zvetAmbara paramparA meM kucha prAcIna AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki kAla. ke sandarbha meM tattvArthasUtra meM jo sUtra milatA hai vaha zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM kiMcita bhinna hai / zvetAmbara paraMparA dvArA mAnya tattvArthasUtra meM "kAlazcetyeke" sUtra hai| jabaki digambara paraMparA ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM yaha sUtra "kAlazca" hai| sUtroM kI isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa donoM paraparAoM kA matabheda spaSTa rUpa se sAmane A jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA mAnya pATha kA tAtparya hai ki kucha loga kAla ko bhI eka dravya mAnate haiM, jabaki digambara paraMparA mAnya pATha kA tAtparya hai ki kAla bhI svatantra dravya hai / vastutaH zvetAmbara paraMparA kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke sandarbha meM do prakAra ke matoM kA ullekha karatI hai / isake kucha AcAryoM 1.. tatvArthasUtra, 5 / 38 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 38

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126 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ne kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA hai aura kucha ne nahIM mAnA hai| isake viparIta digambara paramparA ke sabhI AcAryoM ne ekamata se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki kAla bhI eka svatantra davya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prajJApanAsUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva aura pudgala kI paryAyoM se pRthak kAla kA koI astitva nahIM hai, jIva aura pudgala kI paryAyeM hI kAla kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra hai|' yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM bhI eka varga to aisA avazya thA jo kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnatA thA / RSibhASita nAmaka grantha ke pArzva adhyayana meM jagata kI vyAkhyA karate hue kevala paMca-astikAyoM kA hI ullekha huA hai vahA~ kAla kI koI carcA nahIM huI hai| saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki jo pApitya zramaNa mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM sammilita ho gae hoMge unhoMne apanI pUrva paraMparA ke anusAra paMca-astikAyoM ko hI mAnA hogA, kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho, kintu paravartIkAla meM jaba kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milo to use astikAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karake anastikAya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra na kevala tattvoM ko saMkhyA ko lekara ho zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM matabheda hai, varan kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke sandarbha meM bhI unameM matabheda thA / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki kucha zvetAmbara AcArya bhI digambara AcAryoM kI taraha kAla ko svatantra dravya mAna rahe the| yahAM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM aisI koI paraMparA avaziSTa nahIM rahI hai, jo aba kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnatI ho, kintu Agamika AdhAroM ke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM to yaha antara thA ho / jo AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAna rahe the unake anusAra dravya kI saMkhyA meM bhI antara A jAtA hai| ve kevala pA~ca dravyoM ko hI mAnate the, kintu Aja donoM hI paraMparAoM meM sAmAnyataH SaDadravyoM kI avadhAraNA ko hI svIkArA gayA hai| pudgala ke bandha ke niyama saMbaMdhI matabheda : zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAe~ pudgala ko eka svataMtra dravya 1. prajJApanAsUtra, tIsarA pada 2. isibhAsiyAI, adhyayana 31

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ : 127 mAnatI haiN| donoM paraMparAe~ isa sandarbha meM bho ekamata haiM ki pudgala dravya aNu aura skandha aise do rUpoM meM pAyA jAtA hai tathA aNu hI pudgala kI antima ikAI hai / skandhoM kA nirmANa yA to aNuoM ke paraspara saMgaThita hone se hotA hai yA phira bar3e skandhoM ke TUTane se choTe skandhoM kA nirmANa hotA hai / jahA~ taka aNuoM ke saMgaThita hokara skandha banane kA prazna hai, vahA~ donoM paraMparAoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| donoM paraMparAe~ isa tathya ko to samAna rUpa se svIkAra karatI hai ki pudgaloM ke snigdha aura rUkSa aise do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| phalataH yaha mAnA gayA ki snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM se bandha hotA hai arthAt snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM ke saMgaThita hone se skandha kA nirmANa hotA hai| isI krama meM yaha prazna upasthita huA ki kyA snigdha aura rUkSa paramANu hI Apasa meM sagaMThita hokara skandha kA nirmANa kareMge athavA snigdha-snigdha aura rUkSa-rUkSa paramANu milakara bhI skandha kA nirmANa kara sakate haiM ? isI samasyA ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA ke AcAryoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| isI prasaMga meM yaha prazna bhI cacita huA ki kyA samAna guNa vAle snigdha aura rukSa paramANu athavA rUkSa-rUkSa paramANu baMdha sakate haiM ? yadi samAna guNa vAle paramANu baMdha kara sakate haiM to kyA unameM bhI mAtrA kA koI antara hotA hai ? ina sabhI praznoM ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM antara dekhA jA sakatA hai / isa matabheda ko carcA paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne bhI apane tattvArthasUtra kI vyAkhyA meM vistArapUrvaka kI hai|' zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM dvArA mAnya tattvArthasUtra meM paudgalika bandha ke tIna sUtra ullikhita haiN| "na jaghanyaguNAnAm / gaNasAmye sadRzAnAma / dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / " - zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM ina tona sUtroM meM pAThabheda to nahIM hai, kintu arthabheda hai| arthabheda kI dRSTi se tIna mudde sAmane Ata haiM 1. jaghanyaguNa vAle arthAt eka aMza (degree) vAle paramANuoM kA paraspara bandha hogA yA nahIM? 1. tatvAryasUtra, pR0 138-14 2. tatvApasUtra, 523-35

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128 : jainadharma ke sampradAya . . . 2. sUtra meM ullikhita "Adi" zabda se tIna Adi guNa artha liyA jAe athavA nahIM? 3. kevala sadRza paramANuoM kA bandha mAnA jAe athavA nahIM? . zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra donoM paramANu jaba jaghanya guNavAle hoM tabhI unakA bandha niSiddha hai, arthAt eka paramANu jaghanya guNavAlA ho aura dUsarA ajaghanya guNavAlA, to unakA bandha ho sakatA hai, kintu, digambara paramparA meM sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jaghanyaguNayukta do paramANuoM meM paraspara bandha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra eka jaghanyaguNa paramANu kA dUsare ajaghanyaguNa paramANu ke sAtha bhI bandha nahIM hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke pAMcaveM adhyAya ke 35ve sUtra meM ullikhita "Adi" pada kA artha zvetAmbara paramparA meM do yA do se adhika kiyA jAtA hai| isalie usameM kisI eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu se snigdhatva yA rUkSatva ke guNo meM do yA do se adhika aMzoM kA antara hone para bandha mAnA jAtA hai, paraspara kevala eka aMza adhika hone para bandha nahIM mAnA jAtA, kintu digambara paramparAnusAra kevala do aMza adhika hone para hI bandha mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt eka aMza kI taraha tIna, cAra, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta aMza adhika hone para bandha nahIM mAnA jaataa| tattvArthasUtra ke 65veM sUtra kI bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra do, tIna Adi aMzoM meM adhika hone para bandha kA vidhAna sadRza paramANuoM para hI lAgU hotA hai| yahA~ sadRza kA tAtparya snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA hai, kintu digambara vyAkhyAoM meM yaha vidhAna sadaza kI taraha visadRza paramANuoM ke bandha para bhI lAgU hotA hai| yahA~ visadRza kA artha snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA hai| snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatA meM yaha antara to hai anyathA pudgala ko eka svatantra dravya mAnane meM donoM paramparAeM ekamata haiN| jIva: jaina darzana meM jIva tattva kA sUkSmatama vivecana kiyA gayA hai / AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatipratyeka kA janma hotA hai, pratyeka kI vRddhi hotI hai, pratyeka chinna hone para kumhalAte haiM, pratyeka AhAra kI icchA karate haiM tathA jisa taraha kI

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI. darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 129 kriyAe~ manuSya kI haiM usI taraha kI kriyAe~ vanaspati Adi jIvoM kI bhI haiN| jaina darzana jIva ko caitanya to mAnatA ho hai, parantu use jJAnasvarUpa bhI mAnatA hai / jaina paramparAnusAra jJAna aura AtmA eka ho haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva nahIM hai| AgamoM evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM bhI isI bAta para bala diyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA jJAna hai, jJAna se alaga AtmA nahIM hai / jo eka AtmA ko jAna letA hai, vaha saba kucha jAna letA hai| jIva tattva kA vivecana karate hue paMcAstikAyasAra meM likhA hai-jo tattva cetanA-svarUpa hai, jJAnavAna hai, sabhI ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai aura sukhaduHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, vaha jIva hai| jIva jJAna aura darzana svarUpa hai| jJAna aura darzana jIva ke guNa bhI haiM aura svabhAva bhii| kisI bhI jIva kA astitva inake abhAva meM nahIM raha sktaa| jaise nIma kA guNa kar3avApana hai, sUrya kA guNa prakAza evaM uSNatA tathA pAnI kA svabhAva zotalatA hai, vaise hI jIva kA svabhAva jJAna aura darzana hai| jIva se ye bhinna nahIM haiN| :: jaina darzana ke alAvA neyAyika Adi anya dArzanika matoM meM jIva aura jJAna ko pRthak-pRthak mAnA gayA hai| unake matAnusAra jova aura jJAna alaga-alaga haiN| jIva meM jJAna AtA hai isalie jJAna jIva kA Agantuka guNa hai, kintu jaina darzana isa mata kA khaNDana karatA hai| kundakunda pravacanasAra meM spaSTa kahate haiM ki jJAna ke binA AtmA nahIM hai aura AtmA ke binA jJAna nahIM hai / jJAna AtmA hai aura AtmA jJAna hai| jIva. svarUpataH jJAna-darzanamaya hai, isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara . donoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiM, kintu jIva ke kartA-bhoktA svarUpa ko lekara jainoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| . digambara grantha dravyasaMgraha meM kahA hai-jIva upayogamaya hai, amUrtika hai, kartA-bhoktA hai, sadeha parimANavAlA hai, saMsArasthita hai, siddha hone ko 1. AcArAMgasUtra, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 1, uddezaka 5 2. vahI, prathama zrutastAndha 3. paMcAstikAyasAra, gAthA 122 4. pravacanasAra, gAthA 2 / 27

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130 : jainadharma ke sampradAya kSamatA rakhatA hai tathA svabhAva se vaha Urdhva gati ko jAne vAlA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bhI jIva ko kartA evaM bhoktA mAnA gayA hai, kintu.. digambara AcArya kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa thor3A bhinna hai, kundakunda vyavahAranaya se to jova ko kartA-bhoktA mAnate haiM, kintu nizcayanaya se use kartA-bhoktA nahIM mAnate haiN| jIva ke bheda : - zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki jIva tattva ke bheda donoM paramparAoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se batalAe gaye haiN| sarvaprathama donoM paramparAoM ne jova ke do bheda(1) saMsAro aura (2) mukta, samAna rUpa se svIkAra kie haiN|2 karmabandhana se baddha eka gati se dUsaro gati meM janma aura maraNa karane vAle arthAt caturgati meM bhramaNa karane vAle jIva saMsAro kahalAte haiM tathA karmakSaya ke dvArA zuddhAtma-svarUpa ko prApta jova mukta kahalAte haiN| digambara mAnya.. tAnusAra mukta avasthA meM jIva apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita hotA hai isalie usameM strI, puruSa tathA napuMsaka sambandho koI bheda nahIM rahatA hai, saMsAro jIvoM meM hI aneka prakAra ke bheda pAye jAte haiM / kintu zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra jisa jIva ko mukta hote samaya jaiso paryAya hotA hai, use usI avasthA meM mukta mAnA jAtA hai| .. zvetAmbara mAnya Agama prajJApanAsUtra meM pUrvaparyAyoM ko apekSA se mukta jIvoM ke ye pandraha bheda mAne gaye haiM (1) tIrthasiddha, (2) atIrthasiddha, (3) tothaMkarasiddha, (4) atIrthaMkarasiddha, (5) svayaMbuddhasiddha, (6) pratyekabuddhasiddha, (7) buddhabodhitasiddha, 1. jIvo uvaogamao amuttikattA sadeha parimANo / bhottA saMsAratyo siddho so vissasoDDhagaI // -dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 2 2. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 48, (kha) mUlAcAra, gAthA 204 (ga) tattvArthasUtra, 2010 3. mUlAcAravRtti 5 / 7, uddhRta-premI, phUlacanda jaina-mUlAcAra kA samI kSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 479 4. prajJApanAsUtra, 1116

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ : 131 (8) strIliMgasiddha, (9) puruSaliMgasiddha , (10) napuMsakaliMgasiddha, (11) sva. liMgasiddha, (12) anyaliMgasiddha, (13) gRhaliMgasiddha, (14) ekasiddha aura (15) aneksiddh| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM stroliMga aura napuMsakaliMga siddhoM ke sAtha ho anyaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga bhI siddha mAne gaye haiN| tattvArthasUtra mala meM bhI gati Adi kI apekSA se siddhoM ke anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai / ' tattvArthasUtra mUla meM to kevala itanA hI ullekha hai ki kina-kina apekSAoM se siddhoM kA vicAra kiyA jAnA caahiye| isalie tattvArthamUtra kA yaha mUlasUtra to donoM paramparAoM meM vivAdAspada nahIM rahA hai, kintu tattvArthabhASya aura tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM isako vyAkhyA ko lekara spaSTa antara dekhA jA sakatA hai / tattvArthabhASya spaSTa rUpa se strIliMga, napuMsakaliMga, anyaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga siddhoM kA ullekha karatA hai| jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM spaSTa rUpa se isakA koI ullekha nahIM hai, isameM kahA gayA hai ki dravya kI apekSA se kevala puruSaliMga se hI siddha huA jA sakatA hai| - yaha spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA aura usake sAtha hI acelatA kI samarthaka yApanIya paramparA bhI strIliMga, napuMsakaliMga, anyaliMga aura gahasthaliMga siddhoM kI mAnyatA svIkAra karatI haiM, kintu digambara paramparA siddhoM kI pUrva paryAya kI apekSA se ina bhedoM ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| digambara paramparA spaSTa rUpa se yaha udghoSita karatI hai ki strI, napuMsaka anyaliMgI tathA gRhasthaliMgI siddha nahIM ho sakate haiN| yadyapi strImukti ke prakaraNa ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM bahuta kucha likhA jA cukA hai| isa prakaraNa para hama bhI Age svatantra carcA kareMge, . kintu napuMsaka, anyaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga siddhoM ke sandarbha meM vizeSa carcAeM nahIM huI haiN| isakA mUlakAraNa yaha jAna par3atA hai ki strImukti ~ kA niSedha usakI sacelatA ke kAraNa hI kiyA gayA thaa| anya tona liMga bhI sacelatA se hI sambandhita haiN| saMbhavataH isIlie strImukti niSedha meM hI inako bhI samAhita mAna liyA ho, isI kAraNa isa prazna para vizeSa 1. tattvArthasUtra, 107 2. tattvArthabhASya, 107 3. sarvArthasidi 109

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132 : jainadharma ke sampradAya vAda-vivAda aura lekhana bhI nahIM huA hai| phira bhI yaha mAnyatA bheda to . spaSTa rUpa se hai / zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya ne na kevala strIliMga, napuMsakaliMga aura gRhasthoM kI mukti ko svIkAra kiyA hai, varana unhoMne to yahA~ taka svIkAra kiyA hai ki anya dhArmika paramparAoM ke loga bhI mukta ho sakate haiM / zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadrasUri ne to spaSTa kahA hai ki jo bhI vyakti rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA, vaha mokSa prApta karegA, phira cAhe vaha zvetAmbara ho, digambara ho, bauddha ho yA anya kisI paramparA ko mAnane vAlA ho|' niSkarSa rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki siddhoM ke saMbaMdha meM jitanA udAra dRSTikoNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA rahA hai utanA udAra dRSTikoNa digambara paramparA kA nahIM rahA hai| digambara paramparA kI to yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA hai ki kevala digambara mudrA (nagnatva) dhAraNa karane vAlA hI mukti kA adhikArI hai, anya koI nhiiN| . .. prasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna : zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAeM jIva tattva kA vargIkaraNa trasa evaM sthAvara ke rUpa meM karatI haiN| yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM donoM hI paramparAeM SaTjIvanikAya ke pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya-ye chaH vibhAga karake unameM se pRthvIkAya se lekara vanaspatikAya paryanta pAMca ko sthAvara aura aMtima ko trasa mAnatI haiN| kintu prAcIna AgamoM meM SaTjIvanikAya ke vargIkaraNa kI eka bhinna avadhAraNA bhI milatI hai, jahA~ pRthvo, apa aura vanaspati ko sthAvara tathA agni, vAyu aura trasa jIva ko trasa ke antargata vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| bAcArAMgasUtra meM SaTjIvanikAya kA ullekha to huA hai,kintu unakA 1. saMbodha prakaraNa, gAthA 113 2. sUtrapAhuDa, gAthA 23 3. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 // 31 (kha) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 175-177 kI TIkA (ga) mUlAcAra, gAthA 205 4. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 69, 107 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 2013-14

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ : 133 trasa aura sthAvara ke rUpa meM spaSTataH vargIkaraNa nahIM huA hai|' zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMgasUtra ke pazcAt uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 26veM aura 36veM adhyAyoM meM SaTjIvanikAyoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / 26veM adhyAya meM yadyapi trasa aura sthAvara rUpa meM spaSTa vargIkaraNa to nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu jisa krama se usameM SaTjIvanikAyoM ko carcA huI hai usase aisA phalita hotA hai ki pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati-ye pAMca sthAvara haiM tathA chaThA trasakAya hI trasa hai, kintu uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 36veM adhyAya kI sthiti isase bhinna hai usameM sarvaprathama jIvanikAya ko usa aura sthAvara aise do vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt sthAvara ke aMtargata pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko tathA trasa ke antargata agni, vAyu aura trasajova ko rakhA gayA hai| __ paramparA kI dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki prAcona zvetAmbara AgamikadhArA jahA~ tIna sthAvara aura tIna trasa kI avadhAraNA prastuta karatI hai, vahIM digambara paramparA meM mAtra kundakunda ko chor3akara sabhI AcArya pA~ca sthAvara aura eka trasa kI avadhAraNA ko mAnya karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya ke pATha meM jahA~ tIna sthAvara aura tona basa kA vargIkaraNa milatA hai vahoM digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya sarvArthasiddhi ke pATha meM pRthvIkAya, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya ke sAtha agnikAya aura vAyukAya ko bhI sthAvara mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa prazna ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM spaSTa matabheda dekhA jA sakatA hai| digambara paraMparA ke pramukha AcArya kundakunda ne apane graMtha paMcAstikAyasaMgraha meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya mAnya pATha kA ho anusaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI pRthvokAya, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya ko sthAvara tathA vAyukAya aura agnikAya ko trasa kahA hai| kundakunda ke isa apavAda ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA diga1. AcArAMgasUtra , prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 68 3. vahI, 36 / 69, 107 4. (ka) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 175-177 kI TIkA ___ . (kha) mUlAcAra, gAthA 205 5. tattvArthabhASya, 2013-14 6. sarvArthasidi, gAthA 2013-14 7. paMcAstikAyasaMgraha, gAthA 111

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134 : jainadharma ke sampradAya mbara paramparA kA dRSTikoNa SaTjIvanikAya meM pAMca sthAvara aura eka asa kA rahA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama nAmaka yApanIya graMtha kI TIkA meM ina donoM dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha kahA hai ki usa aura sthAvara nAmakarma kI apekSA se to pAMca sthAvara aura eka trasa hI kahe gaye haiM, kintu vyavahAra meM gati kI dRSTi se tona trasa aura tIna sthAvara bhI mAne jA sakate haiN|' __ isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ke vargIkaraNa kI mAnyatA ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki donoM hI paraMparAoM meM donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNa haiN| jagata kI avadhAraNA sambandhI matabheda : jagata ke prati bhinna-bhinna darzanoM kA dRSTikoNa bhI bhinna-bhinna hai| koI Izvara ko isakA raciyatA mAnatA hai to koI prakRti-puruSa ke saMsarga se sRSTi kI racanA honA mAnate haiN| isI prakAra koI jAgatika tattvoM ko zAzvata mAnate haiM to koI kSaNika, isa prakAra jagata ke viSaya meM vibhinna darzanoM ko apanI-apanI mAnyatAeM haiN| jaina darzana ko jagata ke viSaya meM apanI eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai| saMsAra vyavasthA ke lie usane jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla-ina chaha dravyoM kA sadbhAva mAnA hai| ina chaha dravyoM ko jaina darzana meM loka kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jahAM chaha dravyoM kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, vahI loka hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka sat vastu pratikSaNa pariNamana karatI hai| eka paryAya ko chor3akara vaha dUsarI paryAya ko prApta karatI hai| isa paryAya parivartana ko mAne binA jagata ko kalpanA saMbhava nahIM hai / SadravyAtmaka yaha jagata tIna bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai|-(1) adholoka, (2) madhyaloka aura (3) Urdhvaloka / adholoka: adholoka meM sAta pRthviyA~ haiM-ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhumaprabhA, tamaHprabhA aura mahAprabhA, inheM sAta narakabhUmiyA~ bhI 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa 5, bhAga 1, 2, 3, pustaka 13, pR0 365 2. tiloyapaNNatti, 1111134 3. vahI, 1111136

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ : 135 kahate haiM / inameM nivAsa karane vAle jIva nArako jIva kahalAte haiM / adho. loka kA ghanaphala 196 dhanarAju hai|' madhyaloka: adholoka ora Urdhvaloka ke madhya meM madhyaloka hai, ise tiryakloka bhI kahate haiM / sAmAnya mAnyatA yaha hai ki isa loka meM eka-dUsare ko veSTita karate hue asaMkhyAt dvIpa aura samudra haiN| digambara paramparA ke mAnya graMtha mUlAcAra meM solaha dvIpoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karake Age kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra eka dUsare se dviguNita-dviguNita kSetraphala vAle asaMkhyAt dvopasamudra madhyaloka meM haiN|2 ina dvIpoM meM se puSkaravaradvIpa ke bocoM-boca mAnuSottara parvata hai, jisase yaha dvIpa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / AdhA puSkaravaradvIpa, jambUdvIpa aura ghAtakIkhaNDadvIpa milakara ar3hAIdvIpa kahalAte haiM, inhIM ar3hAIdvIpoM meM manuSya nivAsa karate haiM isase Age manuSyoM kA nivAsa sthAna nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha madhyaloka jhAlara kI AkRti ke samAna hai| Urdhvaloka: Urdhvaloka meM mukhya rUpa se vaimAnika deva nivAsa karate haiM, isalie isa loka ko devaloka tathA svargaloka bhI kahate haiN| Urdhvaloka ke do bhAga haiM -(1) kalpa tathA (2) kalpAtIta / kalpoM meM utpanna deva kalpotpanna kahalAte haiM, ina devoM meM svAmI-sevaka bhAva hotA hai / kalpoM ke Upara sthita ahamiMdra deva kalpAtIta vimAnavAsI kahalAte haiM / inameM svAmI-sevaka bhAva nahIM hotA hai / kalpAtIta deva apanA sthAna chor3akara kahIM bhI AvAgamana nahIM karate haiM jabaki kalpotpannadeva nimitta vizeSa se manuSyaloka meM AvAgamana karate haiN| Urdhvaloka kA ghanaphala 147 ghanarAja hai|" .. jagata ke svarUpa ko lekara zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM -- 1. tiloypnnnntti,1|1|168; (rAju kA pramANa asaMkhyAt yojana mAnA jAtA hai)| 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 1076-1078 3. saMghavI, sukhalAla-tattvArthasUtra, pR0 89 4. "devA vi devaloe niccaM divvohiNA viyANittA / . AyariyANa saraMtA AsaNa-sayaNANi muccaMti / / " -sisodiyA, sureza caMdAvejAyaM padaNNayaM, gAthA 33 - 5. tiloyapaNyatti, 1111171

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136 : jainavarma ke sampradAya meM sAmAnya rUpa se to mataikya pratIta hotA hai, kintu kucha vizeSa vivaraNoM ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda dekhA jA sakatA hai| sabase pahalA matabheda devoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara hai tiryakloka ke nIce apane bhavanoM meM nivAsa karane vAle devoM ko bhavanapati deva kahA gayA hai| donoM ho paramparAoM meM nimnAnusAra dasa bhavanapati deva mAne gaye haiM-(1)asurakumAra, (2) nAgakumAra, (3). vidyutakumAra, (4) suparNakumAra, (5) agnikumAra, (6) vAyukumAra, (7) stanitakumAra, (8) udadhikumAra, (9) dvIpakumAra aura (10) dishaakumaar| vyantaradeva Urdhva, madhya aura adho tonoM lokoM meM pahAr3oM, guphAoM Adi ke antarAla meM nivAsa karate haiM / nimna ATha prakAra ke antara devoM ko donoM paramparAoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai|-(1) kinnara, (2) kiMpuruSa, (3) mahoraga, (4) gAndharva, (5) yakSa, (6) rAkSasa, (7) bhUta aura (8) pizAca / tiryakaloka ke Upara aura svargaloka ke nIce apane-apane vimAnoM meM rahane vAle deva jyotiSka deva haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM ne nimna pAMca jyotiSka devoM ko samAna rUpa se svIkArA hai(1) sUrya, (2) candra, (3) graha, (4) nakSatra aura (5) tArAgaNa / ina tInoM prakAra ke devoM ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAyeM ekamata haiM, kintu vaimAnika devoM ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai / zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya Agama prajJApanAsUtra tathA tatvArthabhASya meM nimna 12 vaimAnika deva mAne gaye haiN|-(1) saudharma, (2) IzAna, (3) sanatkumAra, (4) mAhendra, (5) brahmaloka, (6) lAntaka, (7) mahAzaka, (8) sahasrAra, (9) ANata, (10) prANata, (11) AraNa aura (12) acyuta / digambara parammarA ke tattvArtha mAnya pATha meM nimna 16 vaimAnikadeva mAne gaye haiM-(1) saudharma, (2) IzAna, (3) sanatkumAra, (4) mAhendra, (5) brahma, (6) brahmottara, (7) lAntaka, (8) kApiSTha, (9) zukra, (10) 1. tattvArthasUtra, 4 / 11 2. vahI, 4112 3. vahI, 413 4. (ka) prazASanAsUtra, 1144 (kha) tattvArthabhASya, 419 5. tattvArthasUtra, 4 / 19

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdho mAnyatAe~ : 137 mahAzukra, (11) zatAra, (12) sahasrAra (13) ANata, (14) prANata, (15) AraNa aura (16) acyUta / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM ullikhita 16 vaimAnika devoM meM se 12 vaimAnika deva to ve hI haiM, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya graMthoM meM ullikhita haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA ko apekSA digambara paraMparA meM nimna cAra vaimAnika devoM ke nAma adhika haiM-(1) brahmottara, (2) kApiSTha, (3) zukra aura (4) zatAra / vaimAnika devoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara paraMparA dvArA mAnya kucha prAcIna grantha mo 12 vaimA'nika devoM kI hI carcA karate haiN| vArAGgacaritra meM AcArya jaTila (jaTAcArya) ne 12 vaimAnika devoM ko hI carcA ko hai / ' tattvArthasUtra ko sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM bhI jahA~ devoM ke prakAroM ko carcA ko gaI hai vahAM to 12 kI saMkhyA kA ho ullekha huA hai, kintu iso adhyAya meM Age jaba vaimAnika devoM ke nAma ginAeM gae to 16 nAma ginA die gae haiN| yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti meM 12 aura 16 donoM prakAra ko mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina apavAdoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara paraMparA meM 12 vaimAnika devoM kI tathA digambara paraMparA meM 16 vaimAnika devoM ko carcA hai| karma sidAnta sambandhI matabheda : (a) karma aura AtmA kA sambandha : * karma siddhAMta jaina paraMparA ko eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA ke baMdhana kA kAraNa usakA karmoM se saMzliSTa honA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne karmoM ke do rUpa mAne haiM, eka bhAva karma aura dUsarA dravya karma / ' bhAvakarma vyakti kI manodazAoM se saMbaMdhita hai, kintu dravya karma ko paudgalika mAnA gayA hai| karmavargaNAoM ke pudgala AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara usase saMzaliSTa ho jAte haiN| karma aura AtmA 1. vArAGgacaritra, 97-9 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 4 / 3 3. vahI, 49 4. tiloyapaNNatti, 81451, 708-712 5. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, gAthA 6

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138: jainadharma ke sampradAya kI yaha saMzliSTa avasthA hI baMdhana hai| yadyapi nihnavoM ke kAla meM hI yaha vivAda khar3A ho gayA thA ki karmavargaNAoM ke pudgala Atmadravya se. saMzliSTa hokara rahate haiM yA usakA sparza mAtra karate haiN| yaha carcA hama' goSThAmahila nihnava kI carcA karate samaya pUrva ke pRSThoM meM kara cuke haiN| digambara paramparA ke AcArya kundakunda ne apane grantha samayasAra meM AtmA aura karma ke saMbaMdha ko lekara jo vistRta carcA kI hai usase phalita hotA hai ki nizcayanaya kI apekSA se ve yahI mAnate haiM ki Atma dravya aura karmadravya kabhI bhI saMliSTa nahIM ho sakate haiN| AtmA sadaiva AtmA rahatA hai aura karma sadaiva karma hI rahatA hai| kundakunda kA yaha dRSTikoNa bahuta kucha abaddhikavAda ke samAna hI hai| AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM to baMdhana kI sArI kalpanA bhI vyAvahArika hI hai, kintu isa saMbaMdha meM kundakunda ke atirikta zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM ke AcAryoM meM koI matabheda nahIM hai, ve sabhI ekamata se AtmA aura karma kA saMzliSTa saMbaMdha mAnate haiN| karma prakRtiyoM meM puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kA prazna : zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho paraMparAe~ karmoM kI jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma prakRtiyA~ mAnatI haiN| kama prakRtiyoM ke nAma aura saMkhyA ko lekara unameM koI vivAda nahIM hai| jahA~ taka mUla prakRtiyoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA prazna hai, usa saMbaMdha meM bhI donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai / AThoM karmoM meM se pratyeka karma ko uttara prakRtiyA~ kitanI haiM, ise nimna rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| mati Adi pA~ca jJAnoM ke AvaraNa jJAnAvaraNa hai| cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana-ina cAroM ke AvaraNa tathA nidrA, nidrAnidrA, pracalA, pracalApracalA aura satyAnagRddhi rUpa pA~ca nidrAeM-ye nau darzanAvaraNIya haiM / prazasta (sukhavedanIya) aura aprazasta (duHkhavedanIya) ye do vedanoya haiN| mohanoya ka kula aTThAIsa bheda haiN| nAraka, tiyaMca, manuSya aura deva-ye cAra Ayu ke bheda haiN| gati Adi bayAlIsa nAmakarma haiM / ucca aura nIca-ye do gotrakarma haiM tathA dAna Adi pA~ca antarAya karma ke bheda haiN|' ___ jahA~ taka ina uttara prakRtiyoM ke nAma Adi kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara 1. tattvArthasUtra, 816-14

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 139. aura digambara paramparA meM koI antara nahIM hai, kintu inameM se kitanI puNya prakRtiyAM haiM aura kitanI pApa prakRtiyAM haiM, isa sandarbha meM donoM paraMparAoM meM matabheda hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAe~ isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa matabheda nahIM rakhatI haiM, kintu yApanIya paraMparA ke grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM nimna cAra prakRtiyoM ko puNya prakRti kahA hai' (1) sAtAvedanIya, (2) zubha Aya, (3) zubha nAma aura (4) zubhagotra / zvetAmbara AcArya siddhaseNagaNI ne apane tattvArthabhASya ko vRtti meM likhA hai ki ye cAra puNya prakRtiyA~ haiM, aisA anya koI to nahIM mAnatA, yaha AcArya (umAsvAti) kI apanI koI mAnyatA hogii| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki umAsvAti ko isa mAnyatA kA samarthana bhagavato ArAdhanA meM milatA hai| isa AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki yApanoya paraMparA inheM puNya prakRtiyAM mAna rahI thii| ___ bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita puNya prakRtiyoM ko yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya nahIM hai| ataH jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ko dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM matabheda kI dRSTi se yaha samasyA mahattvapUrNa hai / paramAtmA: , "paramAtmA" zabda se sarvottama AtmA kA bodha hotA hai| cArvAka aura bauddhoM ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA ko svIkArA hai| jena AgamoM, siddhAnta granthoM, dArzanika granthoM evaM stutiparaka kAvyoM Adi meM kRtakRtya, nirAkula, mohAdi se rahita, kevalajJAna ke guNoM se yukta, mokSa rUpI paramapada ko prApta AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai / * jainadharma meM paramAtmA ko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, vItarAgo, kevalajJAnI, zuddhAtmA Adi aneka nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| paramAtmA vastutaH AtmA kI vaha zuddhatama avasthA hai, jaba samasta karmoM evaM unake baMdhanoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina paramparAnusAra paramAtmA eka na hokara aneka haiM / pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane ko sAmarthya hai / 1. (ka) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1828 kI TokA, pRSTha 814 .. (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 26 ... 2. tattvArthabhASya 8 / 26.......... .. ...... .. .

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140 : jainadharma ke sampradAya jaina darzana kI paramAtmA viSayaka mAnyatA sabhI darzanoM se bhinna hai| -jaina darzanAnusAra paramAtmA na to jagata kA kartA hai aura na hI bhoktA hai, apitu vaha to mAtra jJAtA-dRSTA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne rAga-dveSa se rahita, moha-mAyA kA nAza karane vAle, paramapada ko prApta karane vAle, cauMtIsa atizaya rUpa aizvarya ke dhAraka kevalajJAnI votarAgI paramAtmA ko Izvara kI saMjJA dI hai|' __AcArya kundakunda ne paramAtmA ko samasta doSoM se rahita evaM kevalajJAna Adi guNoM se yukta mAnA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra Izvara vizuddha AtmA hai| pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA rUpa banane kI zakti hai| viSNu, paramabrahma, Izvara, sugata, ziva aura jina ityAdi sabhI usake hI nAma haiN| AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM Izvara ke eka hajAra ATha nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM evaM upasaMpradAyoM meM paramAtmA viSayaka mAnyatA ko lekara koI matabheda nahIM hai| sabhI sampradAya karma baMdhanoM se vimukta AtmA ko paramAtmA mAnane meM ekamata haiN| mokSaH mokSa jIva kI usa avasthA kA nAma hai, jahA~ na janma hai na maraNa / janma-maraNa se rahita yaha avasthA baMdha ke kAraNoM ke abhAva aura karmoM kI pUrNa nirjarA se prApta hotI hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne samasta karmoM ke kSaya kA nAma mokSa batalAyA hai| AtmA ke svabhAva se karma prakRtiyoM kA chUTa jAnA bhI mokSa hai| mokSa sukhAtmaka hotA hai| jaina darzana meM mokSa prApti ke upAya hetu ratnatraya kI sAdhanA paddhati hai| ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se abhiprAya hai-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kI ArAdhanA / 1. SaDadarzanasamuccaya (AcArya haribhadrasUri), pR0 162-163 2. (ka) mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 5 (kha) niyamasAra, gAthA 7 3. vRhadravyasaMgraha, saMskRta TIkA, gAthA 14 4. AdipurANa, parva 4, pR0 72 5. tattvArthasUtra, 10 // 3 6. tattvArthavArtika, bhaTTaakalaMkadeva, bhAga 2, pR0 697 17. nayacakra, 159; uddhRta-jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 332-333

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 141 ratnatraya kI isa sAdhanA ko vAcaka umAsvAti isa rUpa meM rakhate haiMsamyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANimokSamArga : arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra mokSamArga hai|' jaina darzana meM mokSa prApti ke ukta tInoM hI sAdhana batalAye gaye haiN| jaina darzanAnusAra inameM se kiso eka ke bhI abhAva meM mukta honA saMbhava nahIM hai, varan ina tonoM ko samyak sAdhanA karake hI koI mukta ho sakatA hai| aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kyA sabho jIva mukta ho sakate haiM ? yadi nahIM, to mukti kA pAtra kauna hai ? sAmAnyataH isa viSaya meM jaina darzana kA mantavya yahI hai ki sabhI bhavya-joka mukti ke pAtra haiN| kintu isa saMbaMdha meM sAmpradAyika vivAda kA viSaya yaha hai ki mokSa kI prApti mAtra puruSa ko hotI hai athavA stro, napusaka, gRhastha evaM anyatithika ko bhI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai ? digambara paraMparA puruSaM ko hI mukti kA adhikArI mAnato hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ne mukti ke saMdarbha meM puruSa ke adhikAra ko surakSita rakhate hue strI ko bhI mokSa prApta karane kA adhikArI mAnA hai| digambara matAnusAra strI ko stro paryAya meM mukti nahIM mila sakatI kyoMki ve pauruSahIna haiM, abalA haiN| isa viSaya meM zvetAmbara mata yaha hai ki puruSa aura strI donoM kI hI zakti eka jaisI hai, donoM ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM eka jaisI pravRtti hai phira strI mukti ko adhikArI kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ? mukti to samasta karmoM kA kSaya hone para prApta hotI hai / ataH karmakSaya karane vAlA pratyeka jIva avazya ho mukta hotA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA kA mukti viSayaka yaha vaicArika matabheda itanA gambhIra hai ki isa vivAda ke calate unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallI strI the yA puruSa, yaha prazna Aja bhI donoM paraMparAoM meM vivAdAspada hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mallI strI the| jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra mallI puruSa the| strI mukti ke saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya kI yaha vaicArika bhinnatA jainadharma ke ina do pramukha sampradAyoM ke madhya vivAda kA pramukha muddA hai| yahA~ aba hama yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kareMge ki strI mukti kA prazna ina donoM saMpradAyoM meM kaba evaM kisa prakAra vivAda kA kAraNa banA hai ? 1. tattvArthasUtra, 102 2. zAtAdharmakathAna, malba ma . .................. /

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142 : jainadharma ke sampradAya strI mukti kA prazna : __strI mukti ke prazna para yadi hama aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM strI ko tadbhava mukti kA spaSTa ullekha prApta hotA hai|' isake alAvA zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM bhI mallI adhyAya meM strImukti kA ullekha hai| caNi sAhitya meM bhI marUdevI kI mukti kA kathana hai| isase yaha * phalita hotA hai ki IsvI san kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka jena pramparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thaa| strImukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha digambara AcArya kundakunda ke sUtrapAhuDa meM pAyA jAtA hai| SaT-khaNDAgama yadyapi kundakunda kA samakAlIna grantha hai phira bhI usameM strI makti kA niSedha nahIM hai, apitu mUla graMthoM meM to paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM caudaha hI guNasthAnoM kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra kara strI mukti ko mAnya 'kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM strI mukti kA samarthana hameM IsvI pUrva ke graMthoM meM milatA hai jabaki strI mukti kA niSedha kundakunda ke pUrva ke kisI grantha meM nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi yaha bhI vivAda kA viSaya hai ki sUtrapAhuDa kundakunda kI racanA hai bhI yA nahIM? kadAcita eka bAra hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki sUtrapAhuDa kundakunda ko racanA hai to bhI kundakunda kA kAla chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI jaise itihAsavijJoM ne AcArya kuMdakuda ke samaya para "vistAra se vicAra prastuta kie haiM aura ve AcArya kaMdakuMda ko chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM svIkArate haiN| isa AdhAra para bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki digambara paraMparA meM strImukti niSedha kI avadhAraNA 6ThIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga banI hai| tattvArthabhASya meM siddhoM ke anuyogadvAroM kI carcA karate hue liMgA 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36049 2. jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 8.195 3. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 181 evaM bhAga 2, pR0 212 . 4. sUtrapAhuDa, gAthA 23-26 5. dRSTavya hai-strI mukti prakaraNa, jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 6. Aspects of Jainology Vol. 3, Page. 196

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 143 nuyogadvAra kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se utarAdhyayanasUtra ke samAna hI strI, puruSa aura napusaka tonoM ko ho mukti kA ullekha hai|' mAtra yahI nahIM anantara aura parampara donoM hI dRSTi se tonoM liMgoM kI mukti mAnI gaI hai| sAtha hI usameM dravyaliMga kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hae spaSTa kahA hai ki pratyutpanna bhAva kI apekSA se to aliMga ho 'siddha hote haiM kintu pUrvabhAva ko apekSA se bhAvaliMga meM svaliMga ho siddha hote haiM lekina dravyaliMga ko apekSA se svaliMga, anyaliMga ora gRhaliMga tInoM hI siddha hote haiN| tattvArthasUtra ko TokAoM ko dekheM to sarvaprathama digambara paraMparA mAnya sarvArthasiddhi (6ThoM zatAbdo) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki veda ko dRSTi se tonoM vedoM se bhAva kI apekSA se siddhi hotI hai, dravya se nhiiN| dravya se puliGga athavA nigraMthaliMga hI siddha hote haiM tathA bhUtapUrva naya kI apekSA se sagraMtha liMga bhI siddha ho sakate haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki puruSaliMga se hI mukti prApta ho sakatI hai| isake pazcAt AcArya akalaMka (8vIM zatAbdo) bho apane graMtha rAjavArtika meM sarvArthasiddhi ke ullekha kA hI samarthana karake raha jAte haiN| usase adhika ve bho kucha nahIM kahate haiM / tatpazcAt 10voM zatAbdI ke AcArya prabhAcaMdra ne apane graMtha nyAyakumudacaMdra meM stromukti kA niSedha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke Avazyaka mUla bhASya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya ora AvazyakacUrNi meM hameM acelakatva aura sacelakatva ke prazna ko lekara pakSa aura pratipakSa ke vividha tarkoM kA ullekha milatA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke antaM taka bhI hameM eka bhI aisA saMketa nahIM milatA hai jisameM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne strImukti kA tArkika samarthana kiyA ho, isase aisA lagatA hai 'ki prAcInakAla meM stromukti ke saMdarbha meM koI vivAda nahIM thaa| stromukti kA niSedha sarvaprathama AcArya kuMdakuMda ne hI kiyA aura phira unhIM kA anusaraNa pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bhI kiyaa| akalaMka ke kAla taka bho 1. tattvArthabhASya, 107 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 109 3. rAjavArtika, 109 4. nAstri strINAM nirvANa-nyAyakumudacandra , bhAga 2, pR0 866......

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144 : jainadharma ke sampradAya digambara paraMparA kI ora se strImukti ke khaNDana ke saMdarbha meM koI tarka prastuta kie gae hoM, aisA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne hI sarvaprathama yaha kahA hai ki jinamArga meM savastradhArI kI mukti nahIM ho sakato cAhe vaha tIrthakara hI kyoM na ho|' strI mukta kyoM nahIM ho sakatI? isake lie kahA gayA hai ki usakI kukSi, yoni aura stana meM sUkSma jIva hote haiM, isalie usakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai ? yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki striyoM ke mana meM pavitratA nahIM hotI, vai asthiramanA hotI haiM tathA unameM rajasrAva hotA hai, isalie unakA dhyAna citA rahita nahIM ho sktaa| aise kucha tarka dekara sarvaprathama AcArya kuMdakuda ne strImukti kA tAkika khaNDana kiyA hai| aba hama zvetAmbara paraMparA mAnya sAhitya ko dekhate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki isa paramparA meM sAtavIM zatAbdI taka digambaroM kI isa mAnyatA kA kahIM koI tArkika khaNDana kiyA ho, aisI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| strImukti ke niSedhaka tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara zvetAmbara paramparA ne nahIM apitu acelatA kI samarthaka yApanIya paraMparA ne diyA hai| yApanIya paraMparA ke tarkoM kA ho anusaraNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM sarvaprathama AcArya haribhadra ne lalitavistarA meM strImukti kA samarthana kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne bhI yahA~ apanI ora se koI tarka nahIM dekara isa saMbaMdha meM vartamAna meM anupalabdha kisI yAphnIya prAkRta graMtha kA uddharaNa diyA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki AcArya kudakuMda ne strImukti niSedha ke lie jo tarka die the unakA khaNDana prathama to yApanIyoM ne hI kiyA thA tatpazcAt yApanIyoM ke tarkoM ko hI grahIta karake AThavIM zatAbdI se 1. gavi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthyro| __Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve ||-suutrpaahudd, gAthA 23 2. liMgammi ya itthINaM thaNaMtare NAhikakkhadesesu / bhaNio suhao kAo tAsi kaha hoi pavvajjA ||-suutrpaahudd, gAthA 24 3. jai dasaNeNa suddhA uttA magge Na sAvi sNjuttaa| ghoraM cariyaM itthIsuNa pAvayA bhaNiyA // cittA sohi Na tesiM DhillaM bhAvaM tahA sahAveNa / vijjadi mAsA tesi itthIsu Na'saMkayA jhANaM ||-suutrpaahu, gAthA 25-26 4. lalitavistarA, pR0 402

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 145 zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA bhI strImukti niSedhaka digambara mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA jAne lgaa| strImukti ke samarthana meM sarvaprathama yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana (9vIM zatAbdI) ne strImukti prakaraNa nAmaka svataMtra graMtha kI racanA kI / zAkaTAyana ne apane graMtha "strImukti prakaraNa" meM strImukti kA spaSTa samarthana kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana ke pazcAt strImukti ke prazna ko lekara donoM hI paramparAoM meM paryApta rUpa me pakSa aura pratipakSa meM likhA jAne lagA / usa samagra vizayavastu kI carcA karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai| strImukti ke pakSa aura niSedha meM kina-kina AcAryoM ne apane mata-vimata prastuta kie haiM tathA unakA samaya kyA thA, yaha ullekha upAdeya hogaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt abhayadeva ( 1000 I. ), zAntisari ( 5120 I0 ), malayagiri ( 1150 I0), hemacandra (1160 I0), vAdideva (1170 I0), ratnaprabha ( 1250 I0 ), guNaratna ( 1400 I0), yazovijaya ( 1650 I0 ) tathA meghavijaya ( 1700 I.) ne strImukti ke pakSa meM vistAra se likhA hai, dUsarI ora digambara paramparA meM AcArya vIrasena ( 800 I0), devasena ( 950 I0 ) nemicandra (1050 I0), prabhAcandra (980-1065 I0), jayasena (1150 I0 ) tathA bhAvasena ( 1257 I0 ) Adi ne strImukti niSedha ke lie apanI lekhanI calAI hai| .. zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM 'stro mukta hotI hai| aise ullekha to milate haiM, kintu unameM kahIM bhI usakA tArkika pratipAdana nahIM huA hai| strImukti ke niSedha kA sarvaprathama tArkika pratipAdana kundakunda ke granthoM meM milatA hai / kundakunda kA kathana hai ki jinazAsana meM vastradhArI siddha nahIM ho sakatA, cAhe vaha tIrthaMkara ho kyoM na 1. dRSTavya hai-strImukti prakaraNa, jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 2. asti strI nirvANaM puMvat, yada vikala hetukaM strISu / na virudhyati hi ratnatrayasaMpada nirvaterhetuH // ___ -strImuktiprakaraNa, zloka 2 (zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa, pR0 121) 3. Jaini Padmanabh-Gender and Solvation, P. 4 . 10

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146 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ho? isase aisA lagatA hai ki strI mukti kA niSedha tabhI Avazyaka ho gayA thA, jaba acelatA ko hI ekamAtra mokSamArga mAna liyA gyaa| hameM yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki acelatA ke ekAnta Agraha ne ho digambara paramparA meM isa avadhAraNA ko janma diyA ki stro nagna nahIM ho sakato isalie vaha mukta nahIM ho sktii| isI Agraha ke kAraNa gRhasthaliMgasiddha aura anyaliMgasiddha ( sagrantha ) kI mukti ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA bho sAmane aaii| Age calakara jaba strI ko mokSa se ayogya batAne ke lie tarka Avazyaka hue to yaha kahA gayA ki cAhe strI darzana se zuddha ho tathA mokSamArga se yukta hokara ghora cAritra kA pAlana kara rahI ho to bho use pravrajyA nahIM dI jA sktii| jaba pravrajyA ( dIkSA) ko acelatA ( nagnatA ) se jor3a diyA gayA to kundakunda ne hI sarvaprathama spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdana kiyA ki jo savastraliMga hai, vaha zrAvakoM kA hai| kundakunda ke isa kathana se aisA lagatA hai ki unake pUrva acela paramparA meM bhI stro ko dIkSA dI jAtI thI tathA use mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karAyA jAtA thaa| vastutaH kundakunda hI aise prathama AcArya pratIta hote haiM, jinhoMne spaSTa rUpa se strI pravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA thaa| yahA~.yaha smaraNIya hai ki kundakunda ne bhI jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM, ve strI kI pravrajyA ke niSedha ke haiM, strI mukti niSedha ke nhiiN| kintu strI mukti niSedha to unake pUrvokta kathana meM anivArya rUpa se phalita ho rahA hai, kyoMki jaba acelatA hI mokSamArga hai aura strI ke lie acelatA saMbhava nahIM hai to usake lie na to pravrajyA saMbhava hai aura na hI mukti / strI mukti niSedhaka kundakunda ke tarkoM kA sarvaprathama khaNDana saMbhavataH yApanIya paramparA ke yApanIyatantra nAmaka grantha meM diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha grantha anupalabdha hai kintu isakA vaha aMza jisameM strI mukti kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, haribhadra ke lalitavistarA meM uddhRta hone se surakSita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki strI ajIba nahIM hai, na vaha abhavya hai, na darzana virAdhaka hai, na amanuSya hai, na anAdi kSetra meM utpanna hai, na asaMkhyAta AyuSyavAlI hai, na atikrU ramati hai, na upazAnta moha hai, na azuddhAcArI hai, na azuddhazarIrA hai, na varjita vyavasAya vAlI hai, na apUrvakaraNa kI virodhI hai, na naveM guNasthAna se rahita hai, na ayogalabdhi se rahita hai, 5. sUtrapAhuDa, gAthA 24 2. lalitavistarA, 10 57

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 147 na akalyANabhAjana hai, phira vaha uttama dharma kI sAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ?' ___ strI mukti ke pakSa meM haribhadra ne bahuta vistAra se likhA hai| ve kahate haiM ki striyA~ kalyANapAtra hotI haiM, kyoMki ve to tIrthaMkaroM ko janma detI haiM, ataH strI uttama dharma ko sAdhaka ho sakatI hai, dUsare zabdoM meM vaha mokSa kI adhikAriNI hai| isake atirikta haribhadra ne siddhoM ke pandraha bhedoM kI carcA karate hue siddhaprAbhUta kA bho eka sandarbha diyA hai| siddhaprAbhUta meM kahA gayA hai ki sabase kama tIrthakarI ( strI tIrthaMkara ) hI siddha hote haiM, unakI apekSA strI tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthaMkara siddha hote haiM, unako apekSA strI tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthakarIsiddha asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hote haiN| hameM aisA lagatA hai ki siddhaprAmRta (siddhapAhuDa) koI yApanoya grantha rahA hogA, jisameM siddhoM ke vibhinna anuyogadvAroM ko carcA huI hogii| vartamAna meM yaha grantha anupalabdha hai tathA jJAta sUcanAnusAra isa nAma kA koI grantha jJAta nahIM hai| strI mukti ke pakSa aura niSedha meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai yadi hama usa para taTasthabhAva se vicAra kareM to kaha sakate haiM ki yadi stro dIkSA ke ayogya hotI to AgamoM meM dokSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sUcI meM dudha pilAtI huI evaM garbhiNI strI ko dIkSA kA niSedha nahIM karake 'strI' ko dIkSA kA hI niSedha kiyA jAnA cAhie thaa| jahAM taka vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa strI ko mukti prApta karane kI adhikArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai to usa sandarbha meM hama yahI kahanA cAheMge ki yadi parigraha kA honA hI mukti meM bAdhaka hai to phira pratilekhana Adi bhI mukti meM bAdhaka kyoM nahIM hoMge? yadi pratilekhana Adi ko parigraha nahIM mAnA gayA hai to saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM strI dvArA grahIta somita vastroM ko bhI parigraha nahIM mAnanA caahie| . yadyapi vastra parigraha hai phira bhI bhagavAn ne sAdhviyoM ke lie usakI 1.. lalitavistarA pu0 57-59 2. "sanvatyoA titthayarisiddhA, titthayarititye NotitthayarasiddhA .' asaMkhejjaguNA titthayarititye NotitthayarisivA asaMkhejjaguNAo // " -lalitavistarA, pR0 56

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148 : jainadharma ke sampradAya anumati dI hai kyoMki vastra ke abhAva meM samagra cAritra kA ho niSedha ho jAyegA, jabaki vastra dhAraNa karane meM to alpa doSa hI lgegaa| saMyama ke upakAra ke lie grahaNa kiye gae vastra bhI saMyamopakaraNa hI mAne jAyeMge, parigraha nhiiN| Agama meM nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga sarvatra huA hai yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki unake vastra parigraha haiM to phira unake lie nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi upakaraNa hI parigraha ho to - phira koI sAdhu bhI nigrantha nahIM kahalA sktaa| koI vyakti vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita hai, kintu yadi usameM unake prati mamatva kA abhAva hai to vaha aparigrahI khlaayegaa| isake viparIta eka vyakti nagna hai, kintu usameM mamatva aura mUrchA kA bhAva hai to vaha parigrahI khlaaegaa| sAdhvI vastra isalie dhAraNa nahIM karatI hai ki unake prati usakA koI mamatva hotA hai, kintu vaha use jina-AjJA samajhakara hI dhAraNa karatI hai| vastra usake lie usI prakAra parigraha nahIM haiM jisa prakAra dhyAnastha nagna muni ke zarIra para DAle gaye vastra usake lie parigraha nahIM haiN| eka vyakti jisakA apane zarIra ke prati bhI mamatva bhAva hai to vaha parigrahI kahalAyegA aura vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakegA jabaki isake viparIta vaha vyakti jisameM mamatva kA abhAva hai, vaha zarIra dhAraNa karate hue bhI aparigrahI khlaaegaa| yahI sthiti vastroM ke sandarbha meM bhI jAnanI cAhie, vizeSakara strI ke lie| jisa prakAra jantuoM se vyApta isa loka meM kaSAya ke abhAva meM muni ke dvArA hiMsA hote hue bhI vaha hiMsaka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra vastra ke sadbhAva meM bhI sAdhvI parigraho nahIM mAnI jA sktii| yadi hiMsA aura ahiMsA ko vyAkhyA bAhya ghaTanAoM para nahIM, apitu vyakti ke manobhAvoM arthAt kaSAyoM para nirbhara hai to phira parigraha ke liye bhI yahI kasauTI mAnanI hogii| yadi hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hone para bhI muni ahiMsaka ho rahatA hai to phira vastra ke hote hue bhI mUrchA ke abhAva meM sAdhvI aparigraho kyoM nahIM kahalAegI? jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki acelakatva utsargamArga hai to yaha kathana taba taka siddha nahIM hogA jaba taka ki apavAda mArga nahIM hogaa| apavAda mArga ke abhAva meM utsarga mArga utsargamArga nahIM raha paayegaa| yadi acelatA utsarga: mArga hai to sacelatA apavAda mArga hai| donoM hI mArga haiM, amArga koI nhiiN| isa samagra carcA ke pazcAt hama itanA hI kahanA cAheMge ki hamAre matAnusAra puruSa ke samAna hI strI kI bhI mukti mAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai|

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 149 kevalobhukti kI avadhAraNA sambandhI matabheva : zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM strImukti kI taraha kevalIbhukti (AhAra ) kA prazna bhI vivAdAspada hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra jaise hamArA audArika zarIra hai vaise hI kevalI bhagavan kA bhI audArika zarIra hai| isalie unake lie bhI AhAra karanA Avazyaka hai| kintu digambara paramparA kA kahanA hai ki kevalI bhagavantoM meM anantacatuSTaya vidyamAna rahate haiM, aise meM yadi kevalI bhagavan AhAra karate haiM to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki ve kSudhA vedanA se pIr3ita hokara AhAra karate haiM, isase to yaha phalita hotA hai ki anantacatuSTaya guNoM meM se ananta sukha nAmaka guNa kA kevalI meM abhAva hai, cAroM meM se eka bhI guNa kA jisameM abhAva ho to usameM zeSa tIna guNoM kA bhI abhAva mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki anantacatuSTaya guNoM kA paraspara meM avinAbhAva hai| eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA sadbhAva nahIM raha sakatA hai| __kevalIbhukti ke prazna para yadi hama aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya prAcIna Agama samavAyAMgasUtra meM spaSTa ullekha huA hai ki kevalI bhagavan kA AhAra evaM nihAra carmacakSuoM se nahIM dikhAI detA hai|' bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vikaTabhojo (dina meM ho bhojana karane vAlA ) kahA gayA hai| digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAcIna grantha sarvArthasiddhi ( 6ThoM zatAbdI ) meM bhI ekendriya se lekara sayogI kevalI taka sabhI jIvoM ko AhAraka mAnA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki IsvI san kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM kahIM bhI kevalIbhukti kA niSedha nahIM thaa| kevalIbhukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha digambara AcArya kundakunda ke bodhapAhuDa meM pAyA jAtA hai / bodhaH. pAhuDa meM kundakunda ne kevalI ko jarA, vyAdhi, duHkha, AhAra, nihAra 1. "pacchanne AhAra-nIhAre adisse maMsacakkhuNA" -samavAyAMgasUtra, 34 / 219 2. "teNaM kAleNaM teNa samayeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre viyaDabhoI yAvi hotthaa|" -vyAkhyApranaptisUtra, 2/1/21 3. "AhArAnuvAdena AhArakeSu mithyAdRSTyAdIni sayogI kevlyaantaani|" -sarvArthasiddhi, 18

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15. navoM ke sampradAya ( malamUtra ), zleSma, kapha, pasInA Adi se rahita batalAyA hai'| SaTakhaNDAgama yadyapi kundakunda kA samakAlIna grantha hai phira bhI usameM kevalIbhukti kA niSedha nahIM hai, apitu mUlagrantha meM to ekendriya se lekara sayogI kevalI taka sabhI jIvoM ko AhAraka mAnA hai / / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM kevalIbhukti kA samarthana hameM IsvI pUrva ke granthoM meM milatA hai jabaki kevalobhukti kA niSedha kundakunda ke pUrva ke kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM milatA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ho yaha pratipAdita kara cuke haiM ki kundakunda kA kAla 6 ThI zatAbdI se pUrva kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki digambara paramparA meM kevalIbhukti niSedha kI avadhAraNA bhI 6ThIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga bano hai| AcArya kundakunda ke kevalobhukti niSedhaka tarka ko aura gati dete hue 10 vIM-11 vIM zatAbdI ke digambara AcArya prabhAcandra ne apane grantha prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM kevalIbhukti niSedha kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| yadi hama zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya sAhitya ko dekhate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI taka bhI digambaroM kI kevalIbhukti niSedhaka mAnyatA kA kahIM koI tArkika khaNDana nahIM huA . hai| hamAre matAnusAra zvetAmbara AcAryoM ko usa samaya digambara mata kA khaNDana karane kI AvazyakatA isalie nahI par3o hogI kyoMki digambara paramparA ke bhI sabhI AcAryoM ne kevalobhukti niSedhaka kundakunda ke tarkoM ko mAnya nahIM kiyA thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI ke digambara AcArya nemicandra ne apane graMtha gommaTasAra meM punaH pUjyapAda ke mata kA ho samarthana karate hue yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki ekendriya se lekara sayogo kevalI taka sabhI jIva AhAraka hote haiN| 1. "jarAvAhidukkharahiyaM AhAranihAravajjiyaM vimalaM / siMhANa khela seo Natthi dugaMchA ya doso y|" -bodhapAhuDa, gAthA 37.. 2. "AhArA eMdiyappahuDi jAva sajogikevali tti / ' SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/176-177. 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa-anu0 AryikA jinamatIjI, adhyAya 6 ( kavalAhAra vicAra), pR0 177-199 4. thAvarakAyapyahudi sajogicarameti hodi aahaarii| -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 696

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAe~ : 151 isa prakAra kevalIbhukti ke saMdarbha meM digambara paramparA meM eka ora pUjyapAda ne savArthasiddhi meM, puSpadanta ne SaTkhaNDAgama meM evaM nemicaMdra ne gommaTasAra meM ekendriya se lekara sayogI kevalI paryanta sabhI jIvoM ko ahAraka mAnA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA ke ho AcArya kundakunda dvArA bodhapAhuDa meM kevalIbhukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| eka hI paramparA ke vividha AcAryoM ke paraspara virodhI matoM meM samanvaya karane ko dRSTi se hI SaTkhaNDAgama ke dhavalA TIkAkAra vIrasena ( 10vIM zatAbdI) ne yaha pratipAdana kiyA ki kevalI kavalAhAra kA tyAgakara nokarmAhAra karatA hai|' vastutaH digambara AcAryoM kI matabhinnatA meM samanvaya karane hetu hI dhavalATIkAkAra ne sarvaprathama AhAra ke 6 bheda kiye-(1) karmAhAra, (2) nokarmAhAra, (3) kavalAhAra, (4) lepAhAra, (5) ojAhAra aura (6) mAnasikAhAra / dhavalA TIkAkAra ne AhAra ke ye 6 bheda karake yaha kaha diyA ki kevalI nokarmAhAra karate haiN| nokarmAhAra kA tAtparya usa AhAra se hai jo zarIra meM prakSipta nahIM kiyA jAtA hai varan zarIra hI grahaNa yogya pudgaloM ko svataH grahIta karatA rahatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ne bhI kevalo kA AhAra pratyakSa nahIM mAnA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kevalo kA AhAra carmacakSaoM se dikhAI nahIM detA hai| isase to yahI phalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM meM kevalI ke AhAra ko lekara jo matabheda dikhAI detA hai vaha AhAra ke prakAra ko lekara hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara kavalAhAra (prakSepAhAra) mAnate haiM, vahIM digambara nokarmAhAra mAnate haiN| strImukti kI taraha hI digambara paramparA ke kevalobhakti niSedhaka tarkoM kA pratyuttara bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ne nahIM, apitu acelatA kI samarthaka yApanIya paramparA ne diyA hai| yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana (9vIM zatAbdI) ne "strImuktiprakaraNa" kI taraha "kevalIbhukti prakaraNa" nAmaka eka svatantra grantha kI racanA karake kevalIbhukti kA samarthana kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana ke anusAra kevalI meM bhukti ke kAraNa paryApti (indriyoM kI pUrNatA) vedanIya karma, taijasa zarIra aura dIrgha Ayu vidyamAna rahate haiM / 1. "atra kevala lepoSmamanaH karmAhArAn parityajya nokrmaahaaro|" -SaTkhaNDAgama, sUtra 1 / 1 / 176-177 ko dhavalA TokA 2. "asti ca kevalIbhuktiH samagraheturyathA purAmukteH / paryApti-vedya-taijasa-dIrghAyuSkodayo hetuH // "" -kevalobhukti prakaraNa, zloka 1; dhAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 125

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152 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ataH kevalI AhAra lete haiN| kevalIbhukti ke pakSa aura niSedha meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai yadi hama usa para taTastha bhAva se vicAra kareM to kaha sakate haiM ki kevalo bhagavan kA zarIra audArika hai isalie unheM bhI AhAra kI AvazyakatA to rahatI hI hai| phira bhale hI vaha AhAra kavalAhAra rUpa ho athavA nokrmaahaarruup| ' isa samagra carcA ke AdhAra para yaha phalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparA meM kevalo ke AhAra ko lekara vivAda nahIM hai, apitu AhAra ke prakAra ko lekara ho vivAda hai| kevalI meM jJAna aura darzana ke bheda-abheda kA prazna : jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM kA adhyayana karate hue eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kevalI meM darzana aura jJAna kramazaH hote haiM athavA yugapat (eka sAtha) ? isa viSaya meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isa sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM meM paryApta matabheda haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kevalI ko do upayoga (jJAna aura . darzana) eka sAtha nahIM ho skte| zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM mahAvIra aura gotama ko isa viSayaka carcA upalabdha hai| jJAna aura darzana meM kramabhAvitva spaSTa karate hue mahAvIra kahate haiM-"he gotama ! kevalI kA jJAna sAkAra (vizeSa-grAhaka) hotA hai aura darzana anAkAra (sAmAnya-grAhaka) hotA hai| isalie aisA kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya vaha dekhatA hai usa samaya vaha jAnatA nahIM hai|'' Avazyakaniyukti evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI spaSTa kahA hai-"jJAna aura darzana meM se eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga ho sakatA hai, ataH kevalI ko bhI jJAna aura darzana-ye do upayoga yugapat (eka sAtha) nahIM ho skte|"2 1. "goyamA ! sAgAre se nANe bhavati, aNagAre se daMsaNe bhavati, se teNaTreNaM jAva no taM samayaM jANai |"-vyaakhyaaprjnyptisuutr, 188 / 21 (2) 2. nANammi daMsaNammi ya etto egayarammi uvutto| savvassa kevalissa jugavaM do natthi uvaogA // " -(ka) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 979 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3096

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 153 darzana aura jJAna meM kramabhAvitva kI carcA karate hue paM0 sukhalAlajo kahate haiM ki labdhi ko apekSA se kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ananta kahe jAte haiM, kintu upayoga kI apekSA se unakI sthiti eka samaya kI hai| upayoga kI apekSA se kisI bhI Agama grantha meM kevaladarzana aura kevalajJAna kI anantatA pratipAdita nahIM hai| vastutaH upayogoM kA svabhAva ho aisA hai ki ve kramazaH pravRtta hote haiM / isalie kevaladarzana aura kevalajJAna ko kramabhAvI aura alaga-alaga mAnanA caahie|' digambara paramparA ke anusAra kevalo ko do upayoga (jJAna aura 'darzana ) eka sAtha hote haiM / digambara paramparA ke grantha gommaTasAra meM jJAna aura darzana meM yugapat bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki siddha jIvoM kI siddhagati, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, kSAyika samyaktva aura anAhArakattva upayoga kI pravRtti krama se naho hoto arthAt yugapat hoto hai / tattvArthabhASya meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki kevalo ko darzana aura jJAna-ye donoM upayoga pratyeka kSaNa meM yugapat hote haiM / niyamasAra meM AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki jaise sUrya meM prakAza aura tApa eka sAtha rahate haiM, vaise hI kevalI meM darzana aura jJAna bhI eka sAtha rahate haiM / jJAna aura darzana meM bheda mAnakara zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM :: kramazaH kramavAda evaM yugapatvAda ke siddhAnta prastuta kie gae / uso krama meM eka anya mata yaha bhI hai ki kevalo ke jJAna aura darzana meM bheda hotA ho nahIM hai / cautho zatAbdo ke dArzanika AcArya siddhasena divAkara sanmatiprakaraNa meM likhate haiM ki kevalo avasthA meM darzana aura jJAna meM bheda nahIM hotaa| unake anusAra darzana aura jJAna meM kramavAda athavA yugapatvAda 1. cothA karmagrantha, pRSTha 43 2. "siddhANaM siddhagaI, kevala nANaM dasaNaM khayiyaM / sammattamaNAhAraM, uvajogANakkamapautto // " -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 731 . 3. "ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnA caturmyaH"-tattvArthabhASya, 1131 4. "jugavaM vaTTai NANaM, kevalaNANissa daMsaNaM ca thaa| diNayarapayAsatApaM, jaha vaTTai taha muNeyavvaM ||"-niymsaar, gAthA 160 5. "maNapajjavaNANato NANassa ya darisaNassa ya viseso| kevalaNANaM puNa daMsaNaM ti NANaM ti ya samANaM // " -sanmati prakaraNa, 2 / 3 (vistRta vivecana hetu gAthA 222 se 2 / 22 taka dRSTavya hai)

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154 : jainadharma ke sampradAya mAnane para yaha mAnanA par3egA ki kevalajJAna kA viSaya mAtra vizeSa ko grahaNa karanA aura kevaladarzana kA viSaya mAtra sAmAnya ko grahaNa karanA hai, arthAt kramavAda evaM yugapatvAda meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana-ye donoM upayoga, mati Adi jJAna kI bhA~ti sampUrNa viSaya meM se kevala eka aMza ke hI grAhaka hote haiM arthAt ina donoM vAdoM meM koI bhI eka upayoga sarvagrAhaka nahIM hogA aura aisI sthiti meM inake mata meM kevalI sarvajJa, aura sarvadarzI nahIM mAnA jA skegaa| isalie jJAna aura darzana-ina do upayogoM ko alaga-alaga mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana ke sambandha meM kramazaH kramavAda, yugapatvAda aura abhedavAda ke. siddhAnta astitva meM aaye| jahA~ zvetAmbaroM meM kramavAda aura abhedavAda aisI do mAnyatAe~ pracalita rahIM, vahA~ digambara paramparA meM yugapatvAda kA siddhAnta mAnya huaa| jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM meM darzana saMbaMdhI bhinnatA kama hai| dArzanika dRSTi se zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM vivAda ke mukhya viSaya to strImukti evaM kevalIbhukti hI rahe haiM, jinakI carcA hamane prastuta adhyAya meM kI hai| jJAtavya hai ki jainoM kA eka vilupta yApanIya sampradAya acelatA kA samarthaka hote hue bhI strImukti aura kevalIbhuktiH kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ AcAra ke bheda : . sAmAnya rUpa se AcAra ke do bheda haiM-(.) zramaNAcAra aura (2) shraavkaacaar| zramaNa ke AcAra-niyama zramaNAcAra hai tathA zrAvaka ke AcAra-niyamoM ko zrAvakAcAra kahate haiN| jaina sAhitya meM sarvatra zramaNa aura zrAvaka ke AcAra kA to vistArapUrvaka varNana huA hai, kintu zramaNI aura zrAvikA ke AcAra kA ullekha kathaMcita hI milatA hai| zramaNa-zramaNo kA AcAra kucha bAtoM ko chor3akara lagabhaga samAna hai isaliye hama yahA~ zramaNo ke AcAra kA pRthaka kathana nahIM karake zramaNa AcAra ke sAtha ho usakA ullekha kareMge aura zramaNa ke AcAra se zramaNo ke AcAra meM jo kvacita bhinnatA hai, usakA nirdeza yathAsthAna kara deNge| zramaNa kA artha: .. "samaNa' zabda prAkRta zabda hai| usake saMskRta rUpa isa prakAra haiM(1) zramaNa, (2) samaNa aura (3) zamana / 'zramaNa' zabda 'zrama' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha parizrama karanA hai| 'samaNa' zabda kA artha samatA bhAva se hai tathA 'zamana' kA artha apanI vRttiyoM ko zAnta rakhanA hai| isa prakAra 'zrama', 'sama' aura 'zama' zabda zramaNa saMskRti ke sAra-tattva haiM / AcArAMga TokA meM kahA gayA hai-"zrAmyatoti zramaNaH-tapasvI' arthAt jo zrama, tapasyA karate haiM, ve zramaNa haiN| zramaNa anagAra, akiMcana, aputra, nirmama, apazu tathA paradattabhojo hotA hai| AcArAMgavRtti meM ina sabhI kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / .. jainAcAryoM ne zramaNa ko anagAra, RSi, maharSi, Arya, aparigraho.. 1. AcArAMgazIlAGgaTIkA-saM0 muni jambUvijaya, pR0 403 2. vahI, pR0 402 .

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156 : jainadharma ke sampradAya atithi, acelaka, sacelaka, tapasvI, sAdhu, santa, muni evaM nirgrantha Adi aneka nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA hai| zramaNa dIkSA: "dIkSA" kA sAmAnya artha gRhasthAvasthA kA tyAgakara zramaNa-zramaNI jIvana ko apanAnA hai| sAdhaka nirantara jagata ko kSaNabhaMguratA, lakSmI, rUpa, yauvana aura zarIra kI caMcalatA kA vicAra karatA huA AtmakalyANa kI ora agrasara hotA hai| sAdhanArata sAdhaka vairAgyabhAva ko prApta kara sarvaprathama apane sage-sambandhI evaM kuTumbIjanoM ko apanI vairAgya bhAvanA prakaTa karake dIkSA lene kI svIkRti mAMgatA hai| unakI svIkRti mila jAne para vaha apane gurU kI zaraNa meM jAtA hai aura apanA vairAgyabhAva prakaTa karake dIkSA dene kA nivedana karatA hai| tatpazcAt gurU usakI vairAgya bhAvanA kI samyak prakAra se parIkSA karake, parijanoM kI svIkRti jJAta karake, zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI caturvidha saMgha kI AjJA lekara use dokSA grahaNa karAte haiN| sAdhaka zramaNa liGga/maniveSa dhAraNa karake zramaNa jIvana ko pratijJA karate haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya dIkSA pATha isa prakAra hai "karemi bhante ! sAmAjhyaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi jAvajjIvAe pajju-vAsAmi tivihaM tiviheNaM-maNeNaM, vAyAeNaM kAeNaM na karemi, na kAravemi karataM pi annaM na samaNujANAmi tassabhante ! paDikkamAmi, nindAmi, garihAmi appANaM vosiraami|" isa pATha ke dvArA sAdhaka saMkalpa karatA hai "he bhagavan ! meM sAmAyika vrata grahaNa karatA huuN| maiM jIvana paryanta mana, vacana aura kAyA se hiMsA Adi samasta pApoM ko na svayaM karU~gA, na dUsaroM se karavAU~gA aura na karate hue kA anumodana karU~gA tathA pUrva meM kiye gae samasta pApoM kI AlocanA, nindA aura gardA karatA hai aura apanI AtmA ko unase vilaga karatA huuN|" isa prakAra sAdhaka isa dIkSA pATha ke dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM niSpahI sAdhaka ko dokSA kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai phira bhale hI vaha kisI bhI jAti yA 1. AvazyakasUtra, sAmAyika adhyayana

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 157. kula kA kyoM na ho ? zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke bArahaveM adhyayana meM cANDAla kulotpanna harikezabala nAmaka muni kA ullekha hai|' digambara paramparA meM zUdroM ke lie kSullaka dokSA kA to vidhAna hai2, kintu yogasAra meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ko ho zramaNa dIkSA kA pAtra mAnA gayA hai, isase aisA lagatA hai ki digambara paramparA meM zUdra ko zramaNa dIkSA ke yogya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama sthAnAMgasUtra aura usako TokA meM bAlaka, vRddha, napuMsaka, mUrkha, klIva, yogo, cora, DAku, unmatta, andhA, dAsa, duSTa, RNo, apaMga, baMdhaka, naukara, apahRta, garbhiNo tathA choTe bacce vAlI strI ko dIkSA kA pAtra nahIM mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM liMga doSa ke kAraNa dokSA ke ayogyapAtroM kA vivecana haA hai|" yogasAra meM nindita kula, kujAti, kudeDa, kuvaya, kubuddhi aura krodhayukta manuSyoM ko dIkSA kA pAtra nahIM mAnA gayA hai| bodhapAhuDa meM bhI kurUpa, hona aMgavAle tathA kuSTha rogo ko zramaNaH dIkSA dene kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM dIkSA ke svarUpa meM bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama sAmAyika cAritra kI dIkSA dI jAtI hai| sAmAyikacAritra rUpa dokSA grahaNa karake zramaNa kucha dinoM taka apane pAtra meM svatantra rUpa se AhAra lAtA hai aura gurU. AjJApUrvaka svatantra ho AhAra karatA hai, anya zramaNoM ke sAtha nhiiN| zramaNa kI yaha sthiti zvetAmbara paramparA meM choTI dIkSA ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai, kintu kucha dinoM pazcAt jaba zramaNa ko chedopasthApanoya cAritra kI dIkSA de dI jAtI hai to usakA AhAra Adi bhI anya zramaNoM ke 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12/1 2. sarvopayogIzlokasaMgraha, pRSTha 306-308 3. yogasAra ( amitagati ), zloka 51 4. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/202, TIkA pRSTha 154-155; uddhRta-jaina aura bauddha . bhikSuNI saMgha, pRSTha 19-20 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 77-80 ( vijayodayA TIkA) 6. yogasAra, zloka 51-52 7. boSapAhuDa, gAthA 49

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258: janavarma ke sampradAya sAtha vidhivata hone lagatA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki isa paramparA meM zramaNa kI sAmAyikacAritrarUpa dIkSA athavA chedopasthApanIyacAritrarUpa dIkSA meM vastra, pAtra, rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA Adi bAhya evaM samasta abhyantara upadhi kI mAtrA meM koI antara nahIM hai| isa paramparAnusAra kacha dina svatantra bhikSAcaryA aura AhAra karane ke pazcAt zramaNa ko chedopasthApanIyacAritrarUpa dIkSA dene kA kAraNa usakI zramaNocita bhAvanA. evaM vyavahAra se pUrI taraha Azvasta ho jAnA hI hai / zramaNa ko mahAvratoM kA AropaNa bhI chedopasthApanIyacAritra grahaNa karAte samaya ho karAyA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM dIkSA ke tIna sopAna batalAye gae haiM1. kSullaka : paNDita AzAdhara ne sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kSullaka ke AcAra kA vistAra se ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki kSullaka yatanApUrvaka gamana, yatanApUrvaka zayana tathA vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| kSullaka eka laMgoTa aura dupaTTA rakhatA hai| kSullaka pAtra athavA hAtha meM cAhe jisameM bhojana grahaNa kara sakatA hai / kezaloMca svayaM kara sakatA hai tathA dUsaroM se karavA bhI sakatA hai|' jIvahiMsA se bacane ke lie kSullaka mayUra picchI rakhatA hai tathA zocopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vaha kamaNDalu rakhatA hai| kSullaka digambara paramparA meM muni ko prathama avasthA hai| 2. ailakaH __ kSullaka aura zramaNa ke madhya kI avasthA kA nAma ailaka hai / ailaka ekamAtra laMgoTI dhAraNa karatA hai| ailaka pAtra meM AhAra grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| kezaloMca bhI svaya hI karatA hai, kisI anya se kezaloMca nahIM karavAtA hai| jIva hiMsA se bacane ke lie ailaka mayara picchI dhAraNa karatA hai tathA zocopakaraNa ke rUpa meM kamaNDalu rakhatA hai| 3. zramaNa : digambara paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA sIdhe koI zramaNa nahIM bana jAtA hai| sAdhaka kSullaka, ailaka kI avasthA ko pAra karake hI zramaNa bana sakatA hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki isa paramparA meM bhI sIdhe muni dIkSA 1. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 7/38-47 2. vahI, 7/48

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zramaNAcAra sambandho mAnyatAeM : 159 dene ke bhI ullekha milate haiM lekina paramparAgata mAnyatA to yahI hai ki sAdhaka ko zramaNa banane ke lie pahale kSullaka aura phira ailaka kI avasthA ko pAra karanA hotA hai| isa paramparAnusAra zramaNa aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA dhAraka hotA hai, jinakI carcA hama yathAsthAna Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| digambara paramparA meM kSullaka, ailaka aura zramaNa dokSA meM se koI bho dIkSA aisI nahIM hai, jo AcArya kI AjJA ke binA grahaNa kI jAtI ho| AcArya dIkSArthI ko pratyeka dIkSA muni saMgha evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammukha evaM unakI sahamati se hI detA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara. paramparA meM dokSA kI vidhi meM bheda avazya hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM ne dIkSA kA vyApaka artha pAMca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti tathA kSamA, vIrAgatA Adi kA pAlana evaM paMcendriya'nigraha tathA cAra kaSAyoM kA tyAga, pAdavihAra, kezaloMca evaM bhikSAvRtti se jIvanayApana karanA hI kiyA hai| sAtha hI donoM paramparAoM ne svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura tapa ko dhamaNa jIvana ke aMga mAne haiN| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNa : ___ zramaNadharma kI AdhArazilA mUlaguNoM para hI avasthita hai / mUlaguNoM kA pAlana hI zramaNa jIvana kA utsa hai| jisa prakAra mUla ( jar3a ) ke binA vRkSa sthita nahIM raha sakatA hai usI prakAra mUlaguNoM ke abhAva meM zramaNa jIvana bhI sthita nahIM raha sakatA hai| mUlaguNa zramaNa sAdhanA ke sopAna haiM / cAritra kI zuddhi mUlaguNoM ke pAlana se hI prabala hoto hai| - zramaNa dIkSA ko dhAraNa karake mUlaguNoM kA niyamapUrvaka pAlana karatA hai| mUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA evaM nAma ko lekara zvetAmbara evaM digambara-donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM ko nirdhArita saMkhyA sattAIsa hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM ullikhita sattAIsa guNa isa prakAra haiMpAMca mahAvata: (1) prANAtipAta-viramaNa, (2) mRSAvAda-viramaNa, (3) adattAdAnaviramaNa, (4) maithuna-viramaNa, (5) parigraha-viramaNa, 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 27/178

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160 : jainadharma ke sampradAya pAMca indriya-nigrahaH (6) zrotrendriya-nigraha, (7) cakSurindriya-nigraha, (8) ghrANendriya-nigraha, (9) jihvendriya-nigraha, (10) sparzanendriya-nigraha, cAra kaSAya viveka : . (11) krodha viveka, (12) mAna viveka, (13) mAyA viveka, (14), lobha viveka, tIna satya: (15) bhAva satya, (16) karaNa satya, (17) yoga satya, zeSa mUlaguNa : (18) kSamA, (19) virAgatA, (20) mana samAdhAraNatA, (21) vacana samAdhAraNatA, (22) kAyasamAdhAraNatA, (23) jJAna sampannatA, (24) darzana sampannatA, (25) cAritra sampannatA, (26) vedanAtisahanatA aura (27) maarnnaantikaatishntaa| digambara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNa : digambara paramparAnusAra zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA aTThAIsa hai|' isa paramparA ke mAnya grantha mUlAcAra me zramaNa ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNa isa prakAra ullikhita haiM 2 pAMca mahAvrata-(1) hiMsA virati (ahiMsA), (2) satya, (3) adatta parivarjana (astaya), (4) brahmacarya, (5) saMgavimukti (aparigraha), pA~ca samiti-(6) IryA samiti, (7) bhASA samiti, (8) eSaNA samiti, (9) AdAna nikSepaNa samiti, (10) pratiSThApanikA samiti, paMcendriya nirodha-(11) cakSurindriya nirodha, (12) zrotrendriya nirodha, (13) ghrANendriya nirodha, (14) rasanendriya nirodha, (15) sparzanendriya nirodha, 1. "paMcaya mahanvayAI samidIo paMca jiNavarUddiTThA / paMcebiMdayarohA chappi ya AvAsayA loo // AcelakamaNhANaM khidiyasayaNamadaMtaghaMsaNaM ceva / Thidi bhoyaNeyabhattaM mUlaguNA aTThavIsA du||" -mUlAcAra, gAthA 203: 2. vahI, gAthA 4, 16, 22, 29-35

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 1961 SaDAvazyaka-(16) samatA, (17) stava, (18) vandanA, (19) pratikramaNa, (20) pratyAkhyAna, (21) vyutsarga, zeSa mUlaguNa-(22) kezaloca (23) acelakatva, (24) asnAna, (25) kSitizayana, (26) adantadhAvana, (27) sthitabhojana aura (28) ekabhakta vrt| mahAvata : zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM pA~ca mahAvrata pramukha haiN| zramaNa ke samasta AcAra-vicAra evaM vyavahAra kA niyantraka tatva usake mahAvata haiN| isalie jaina AcAryoM ne mahAvratoM para vizeSa bala diyA hai| prANAtipAta viramaNa Adi pA~ca vratoM ko mahAvrata kahA gayA hai| nandIsUtra tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM ina pAMca mahAvratoM ko mahAna siddhi kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai|' pAMca mahAvatoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haiprANAtipAta viramaNavata (ahiMsA) : yaha prathama mahAvrata hai| isa vrata ke anusAra zramaNa bAhya evaM abhyaH ntara donoM hI prakAra kI samasta hiMsA se virata hotA hai| vaha SaTakAyika jIvoM kI rakSA karane hetu sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke zastraparijJA nAmaka adhyayana meM sAdhaka ko pratibodhita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo jitendriya, apramatta aura saMyamI haiM, ve mahApuruSa SaTakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata hokara Atmahita kI ora pravatta hote haiN| dazavakAlikasUtra meM prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jagata meM jitane bhI trasa aura sthAvara jIva haiM, zramaNa unakI hiMsA se virata rahatA hai / zramaNa na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAtA hai aura na hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai|' mUlAcAra meM prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata ke sthAna para hiMsA virati zabda kA prayoga huA hai| .. kAma, krodha, kaSAya, lobha Adi dUSita vRttiyoM ke dvArA AtmA ke 1. (ka) nandIsUtra-haribhadravRtti, pRSTha 8 (kha) Avazyakaniyukti-haribhadravRtti, pRSTha 1197 2. AcArAMgasUtra, 111 / 4 / 33 3. dazavakAlikasUtra 4 / 42, 69 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 4

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162 : jainadharma ke sampradAya svaguNoM kA ghAta karanA sva-hiMsA hai aura apane se itara prANiyoM ko mana, vacana, evaM kAyA kisI bhI prakAra se kaSTa pahuMcAnA para-hiMsA hai| zramaNa 'sva' aura 'para' donoM prakAra kI hiMsA se sadeva virata rahatA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM hiMsA ke tIsa aura ahiMsA ke sATha nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ahiMsAvata ko pAMca bhAvanAeM: . zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM mahAvratoM ke svarUpa sambandhI koI matabheda nahIM hai, kintu pAMcoM vratoM ko sthiratA ke lie jo pA~ca-pAMca bhAvanAe~ batalAI haiM, unameM kathaMcit bheda haiM, jo dRSTavya hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM isa prakAra haiM-2 1-IryAsamiti, 2-manogupti, 3-bacana gupti 4-AdAna-bhANDa nikSepaNa samiti aura 5-Alokita pAna bhojn| __ samavAyAMgasUtra meM bhI ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pAMcoM bhAvanAe~ to ye ho haiM, kintu vahA~ antima do bhAvanAoM ke krama meM antara hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM ahiMsAvrata kI cauthI bhAvanA Alokita pAna bhojana hai tathA AdAna-bhANDa nikSepaNa samiti vahA~ isa vrata kI pAMcavIM bhAvanA batalAI gaI hai| .. tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM ahiMsA mahAvrata ko pAMca bhAvanAe~ AcArAMgasUtra ke samAna hI haiN| mUlAcAra meM bhI ahiMsAvata kI pAMca bhAvanAe~ to ye hI batalAI gaI haiM, kintu vahA~ inakA krama isa prakAra hai 1-eSaNA samiti, 2-AdAna nikSepaNa samiti 3-IryAsamiti, 4manogupti aura 5-Alokita bhojana / . isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM inake nAmoM ko lekara koI bhinnatA nahIM hai-kevala krama ko lekara hI bhinnatA hai| na to zve. 1. praznavyAkaraNasUtra 1 / 1 / 3, 2 / 1 / 107 2. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 778 3. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 74 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 337

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zramaNAcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 163 tAmbara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM krama samAna hai aura na hI digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM samAna krama apanAyA gayA hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki krama saMbaMdhI yaha bhinnatA bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM kI kathana zailI kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa huI hogii| mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata (satya) : satya mahAvrata ke antargata zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA tathA kRtakArita aura anumodana kI nava koTiyoM sahita asatya kA parityAga karatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM satya ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane tathA tadanusAra pravRtti karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai / ' dazavakAlikasUtra meM mRSAvAda viramaNavata kA kathana karate hue kahA gayA hai-zramaNa krodha, lobha, bhaya yA hAsya se na svayaM mRSA (asatya) bolatA hai, na dUsaroM se muSA bulavAtA hai aura na hI dUsaroM ke maSA kathana kA anumodana karatA hai| jo vastu jaisI dekhI, sUnI yA samajhI hai, use usI rUpa meM vyakta karanA isa mahAvrata kI vizeSatA hai| satya mahAvrata kI yAkhyA karate hue mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko aise satya vacanoM kA bhI tyAga kara denA cAhie jisase dUsare prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahuMcatI ho| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa bhASA ke prayoga se kisI bhI prANI ko pIr3A hone kI sambhAvanA ho, aisI bhASA kA prayoga zramaNa ko nahIM karanA caahie| satyavrata ko pAMca bhAvanAeM: ... AcArAMgasUtra tathA samavAyAMgasUtra meM satyavrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra ullikhita haiM-(1) anuvocibhASaNa, (2) kroSaviveka, (3) lobha viveka, (4) bhaya viveka aura (5) hAsya viveka / ___ mUlAcAra tathA sarvArthasiddhi meM satyavrata ko pAMcoM bhAvanAoM ke nAma to ye hI batalAe gaye haiM, kintu ina donoM granthoM meM anuvIcibhASaNa ko pahale krama para nahIM rakhakara pA~caveM krama para rakhA gayA hai|" 1. "purisA saccameva samabhijANahi" -AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 3 / 3 / 127 2. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4 / 43, 6 / 12 3. "rAgAdIhiM asaccaM cattA paratAvasaccavayaNutti" -mUlAcAra, gAthA 6 . 4. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra , 2015 / 781 (kha) samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 5. (ka) mUlAcAra, gAthA 338 (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, 7 / 5 / '

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164 : banadharma ke sampradAya isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM satyamahAvrata kI pA~coM bhAvanAoM ke nAma to samAna haiM, kevala unake krama meM hI AMzika bhinnatA hai| avattAvAna viramaNa vrata ( asteya): . - asteya mahAvrata ke rUpa meM pracalita adattAdAna viramaNa vrata zramaNa kA tIsarA mahAvrata hai| binA dI huI vastu ko uThAnA, lenA yA upabhoga karanA adattAdAna hai| zramaNa sabhI prakAra ke adattAdAna se virata rahatA hai| isa vrata kA pAlana karate hue zramaNa gAMva, nagara athavA araNya meM bhI alpa-bahutva, sUkSma-sthUla, sacitta-acitta kisI bhI adattavastu ko na svayaM grahaNa karatA hai, na dUsaroM se grahaNa karavAtA hai aura na hI adatta vastu ko grahaNa karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| dazavekAlikasUtra meM to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki zramaNa binA svAmI kI AjJA ke dantazodhana (tinakA ) mAtra bhI grahaNa nahIM kre| avattAdAna vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~: AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra adattAdAna vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM isa prakAra haiM-(1) parimita avagraha, (2) sAdhAraNa bhakta pAna-anujJApya paribhu janatA, (3) avagrahasImajJApanatA, (4) avagrahazIlaanugrahaNatA aura (5) sAdharmika avagraha anujnyaapntaa| . __samavAyAMgasUtra meM ullikhita adattAdAnavrata kI pAMcoM bhAvanAoM ke nAma lagabhaga ye hI haiM, kintu vahA~ inake krama isa prakAra ullikhita haiM(1) avagraha anujJApanatA, (2) avagrahasIma-jJApanatA, (3) svameya avagrahaanugrahaNatA, (4) sArdhAmaka avagraha-anujJApanatA aura (5) sAdhAraNa bhaktapAna-anujJApya pribhujntaa| mUlAcAra ke anusAra adattAdAnavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM isa prakAra 5-(1) yAcanA, (2) samanujJApanatA, (3) apanatva kA abhAva, () (kha) mUlAcAra, gAthA 7 1. (ka) dazavakAlikasUtra, 4 / 44 2. dazavakAlikasUtra, 6 / 14 3. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 784 4. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 5. mUlAcAra, gAyA 339

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. vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 165 vyakta pratisevanA aura (5) sArmikoM ke upakaraNa kA unake anukUla sevana / sarvArthasiddhi meM isa vrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM isa prakAra batalAI gaI haiM'-(1) zanyAgArAvAsa, (2) vimocitAvAsa, (3) paroparodhAkaraNa, (4) bhaikSazuddhi aura (5) sadharmAvisaMvAda | isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki adattAdAna vrata kI pAMcoM bhAvanAoM ke nAma evaM krama ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM kvacita antara hai| maithuna viramaNa vrata ( brahmacarya ): ____ yadyapi mahAvratoM ke krama meM yaha vrata cauthe sthAna para hai, kintu praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmacarya vrata ke naSTa ho jAne para anya sabhI vrata bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| AcarAMgasUtra meM brahmacarya viveka kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmacarya mahAvrata kI rakSA ke lie zramaNa strI, pazu, napuMsaka tathA durAcArI manuSyoM ke samparka vAle sthAna para sone yA baiThane kA tyAga kare tathA striyoM kI rAga-vardhaka kathAoM kA aura unake manohara aMgopAMgoM ko sunane tathA dekhane kA tyAga kre| grantha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki isa vrata kI rakSA ke lie zramaNa pauSTika, gariSTha evaM rasa-bahula AhArapAna kA bhI tyAga kre| zramaNAcAra kA vivecana karane vAle sabhI granthoM meM zramaNa ko sarvaprakAra ke maithuna sevana se virata rahane ko preraNA dI gaI hai| - taMdulavaicArika prakIrNaka meM bhI striyoM ko kuTila, vyAkula cittakAlI, durAcAriNI Adi kahakara unako nindanIya rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA haiN| vastutaH yaha vyakti ko vairAgya evaM nivRtti kI ora le jAne ke lie hI kahA gayA hai| grantha meM jo bhI nindA kI gaI hai usakA mUla prayojana vyakti kI kAmAsakti ko samApta karanA hI hai / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 76 2. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1 / 4 / 90 3. AcArAMgasUtra, 115 / 4 / 164 4. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 / 5. muni puNyavijaya-pahaNNayasutAI-taMdulavaiyAliyapaiNvayaM, gAmA 154-167 ..

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166 : jainadharma ke sampradAya dazavakAlikasUtra meM maithuna viramaNa vrata kA kathana karate hue kahA hai ki na to zramaNa svayaM maithuna kA sevana kareM, na dUsaroM se maithuna sevana karavAe~ aura na maithuna sevana karane vAle dUsare logoM kA anumodana ho kareM, kyoMki abrahmacarya adharma kA mUla hai, mahAdoSoM kA puja hai isalie nirgrantha (sAdhu-sAdhvI) maithuna ke saMsarga kA tyAga karate haiM / brahmacaryavrata kA svarUpa batalAte hue mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki striyoM ko aura unake pratirUpa (citroM) ko mAtA, putrI aura bahana ke samAna dekhakara jo strIkathA Adi se nivRtti hai, vaha brahmacarya vrata tonoM lokoM meM pUjya hotA hai| brahmacaryavrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : AcArAMgasUtra meM brahmacaryavrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra batalAI gaI haiM |4-1-striikthaa vivarjanatA, 2-strI aMga Alokana vivarjanatA, 3. pUrvarata (pUrvakrIr3A) ananusmaraNatA, 4. praNota bhojana-pAna vivarjanatA aura 5. strI, pazu, napuMsaka saMsakta zayana-Asana vivrjntaa| ___ samavAyAMgasUtra meM bhI brahmacaryavrata kI pA~coM bhAvanAoM ke nAma to ke hI batalAe gae haiM, kintu vahA~ inakA krama isa prakAra hai5-1. strI, pazu, napuMsaka saMsakta zayana Asana vivarjanatA, 2. stro kathA vivarjanatA, 3. strI aMga Alokana vivarjanatA, 4. pUrvarata-pUrvakror3A anusmaraNatA aura 5. praNIta AhAra vivrjntaa| mUlAcAra meM bhI isa vrata ko pAMcoM bhAvanAe~ isI prakAra batalAI gayI haiM:-1. striyoM kA avalokana vivarjana, 2. pUrvabhogoM kA smaraNa vivarjana, 3. saMsakta vasatikA se virati, 4. vikathA se virati tathA 5. praNIta rasoM se virati / 1. dazavakAlikasUtra, 4 / 45 2. "mUlameyamahammassa, mahAdosasamussayaM / tamhA mehuNasaMsaggaM niggathA vajjayaMti NaM // " -dazavakAlikasUtra, 6 / 16 3. mUlAcAra, gAthA 8 4. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 787 5. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 / . ..... 6. malAcAra. gAthA 34.... .. . :

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 167 sarvArthasiddhi meM isa vrata kI jo pAMca bhAvanAe~ batalAI gaI haiM usameM se cAra bhAvanAoM ke nAma to mUlAcAra ke samAna hI haiM, kintu mUlAcAra meM ullikhita 'saMsakta vasatikA se virati' bhAvanA ke sthAna para yahA~ 'svazarIra saMskAra kA tyAga' yaha bhAvanA ullikhita hai / ' punaH mUlAcAra aura rAjavArtika meM isa vrata kI jo pAMcoM bhAvanAe~ ullikhita haiM, unake krama meM bhI bhinnatA hai| ___ isa vrata kI pAMcoM bhAvanAoM ke nAmoM ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM hai kevala inake krama ko lekara hI kvacit bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| parigraha parimANavata (aparigraha) zramaNa bAhya evaM abhyantara donoM hI prakAra ke parigraha se mukta hotA hai| zramaNa mana, vacana evaM kAyA se na svayaM parigraha karatA hai, na dUsaroM se parigraha karavAtA hai, na hI parigraha karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai| vaise zramaNa ke lie alpa-bahutva, sUkSma-sthUla, sacitta-acitta sabhI prakAra kA parigraha tyAjya hai, kintu AcArAMgasUtra meM zramaNa ko saMyamopayogI sImita upakaraNa, yathA-vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapoMchana aura kaTAsana (caTAI) rakhane kI svIkRti to do gaI hai lekina sAtha hI grantha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko ina dharmopakaraNoM para bhI mamatva nahIM rakhanA caahie| AcArAMgasUtra meM parigraha tyAga kI preraNA dene ke lie parigraha ko mahAbhaya kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| . dazavakAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa vastra, pAtra Adi jo dharmopakaraNa rakhate haiM, ve saMyama aura lajjA kI rakSA ke lie hI rakhate haiM ina dharmopakaraNoM ko jJAtaputra (mahAvIra) ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai.. vastutaH mUrchA hI parigraha hai|" digambara paramparA meM yadyapi zramaNa ko 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 77 2. dazavakAlikasUtra, 4 / 46 3. AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 2 / 5 / 89 4. "etavegesi mahanbhayaM bhavati" -AcArAMgasUtra, 115 / 2 / 154 . . .. 5. "na so pariggaho vutto, nAyaputteNa taainnaa| "mucchA parimgaho vutto, ii vuttaM mhesinnaa|" ... pazavakAlikasUtra, 20 .

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164 : jainadharma ke sampradAya dharmopakaraNa, jJAnopakaraNa aura zocopakaraNa rakhane kI svIkRti dI hai, kintu zramaNoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle sImita vastroM ko unhoMne parigraha mAnA hai| aparigrahavata ko pAMca bhaavnaaeN| - pAMcoM indriyoM ke zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandhaye pAMca prakAra ke viSaya haiN| inameM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA-ye aparigraha mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| AcArAMgasUtra', samavAyAMgasUtra', mUlAcAra tathA sarvArthasiddhi Adi zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA mAnya granthoM meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke manojJa aura amanojJa viSayoM meM kramazaH rAga aura dveSa kA tyAga karanA, aparigrahavrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe~ mAnI gaI haiN| indriya-nigraha : ___ karNa, cakSu, ghrANa, rasanA aura sparzana-ye pAMca indriyAM haiN| ina pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya manojJa aura amanojJa haiN| indriyA~ apanI viSaya pravRtti dvArA AtmA ko rAga-dveSa yukta karatI haiN| pratyeka indriya ko apaneapane viSaya kI pravRtti se rokanA iMdriya-nigraha hai| - AcArAMgasUtra', samavAyAMgasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra', mUlAcAra', paMcAstikAya Adi graMthoM meM pAMcoM indriyoM ko rAga-dveSa bar3hAne vAlI mAnate hue mahAvratI ke lie inake viSaya meM pravRtti karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| yondriya nigraha : jisake dvArA sunA jAtA hai, vaha zrotrendriya hai / zrotrendriya ko viSayoM 1. AcArAMgasUtra, 21151790 2. samavAyAMgasUtra, 25 / 166 3. mUlAcAra, gAthA 341 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 78 5. AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 15 / 790 6. samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 25 7. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 22-66 8. mUlAcAra, gAthA 1721 / 9. paMcastimA 109:230

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 169 kI ora daur3ane se rokanA tathA zrotrendriya viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA zrotrendriya nigraha hai|' ___ mUlAcAra meM zrotrendriya nigraha kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki 'SaDaja, RSabha, gAndhAra Adi zabda aura vINA Adi ajIva se utpanna hue zabda-ye sabhI rAgAdi ke nimitta haiN| inako nahIM karanA karNendriya nigrahavata hai / 2 . cakSurindriya nigraha : cakSu rUpa kA grahaNa karatA hai| rUpa yadi sundara hai to rAga kA hetu hai aura asundara hai to dveSa kA hetu / jo manojJa aura amanojJa rUpa rAga aura dveSa nahIM karake samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hai|' mUlAcAra meM cakSunigraha ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki sacetana aura acetana padArthoM kI kriyA, AkAra aura varNa ke bhedoM meM muni ke jo rAga-dveSa Adi kA tyAga hai, vaha cakSunigrahavata hai| "ghrANendriya nigraha : jisa indriya ke dvArA gandha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha ghrANendriya hai| jagata ke samasta padArtha manojJa aura amanojJa gandha se yukta hote haiN| manoza gandha ke prati rAga aura amanojJa gandha ke prati dveSa nahIM rakhakara jo ina donoM meM samabhAva se rahatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hai|" . . mUlAcAra meM ghrANendriya nigraha kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki jIva aura ajIva svarUpa sukha aura duHkha rUpa prAkRtika tathA para-naimittika gandha meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA zramaNa kA ghrANendriyanigraha vrata hai| jihvendriya-nigraha : jisa indriya ke dvArA svAda kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, vaha jihv| ndriya hai| jihvandriya ko rasanendriya bhI kahate haiN| jo rasa rAga kA 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 35-47 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 18 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 22 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 17 "5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32148 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA 19

Page #181
170 : jainadharma ke sampradAya kAraNa hai, use manojJa kahate haiM aura jo rasa dveSa kA kAraNa hai, use ama-. nojJa kahate haiM / manojJa-amanojJa rasoM meM jo rAga-dveSa nahIM rakhakara samabhAva se rahatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hai|' ____ mUlAcAra meM jihvandriya nigraha kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki azana Adi cAra bheda rUpa, paMca rasa yukta, prAsuka, nirdoSa, dUsaroM ke dvArA diye gaye rucikara athavA arucikara AhAra meM gRddhi nahIM karanA jihvendriya nigraha vrata hai| sparzanendriya nigraha : kAya (zarIra) ke grAhya viSaya ko sparza kahate haiN| jo sparza rAga kA kAraNa hai vaha manojJa hai aura jo sparza dveSa kA kAraNa hai vaha amanojJa hai| manojJa-amanojJa rUpa sparzanendriya viSayoM meM jo rAga-dveSa nahIM karake samabhAvapUrvaka rahatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai ki sparza se virakta manuSya hI zokarahita hotA hai| vaha saMsAra meM rahatA huA bhI duHkha paraMparA se vaise hI lipta nahIM hotA hai jaise jalAzaya meM rahate hue bhI kamala kA pattA jala se lipta nahIM hotA hai| __ mUlAcAra meM sparzanendriya nigraha kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki jIva-ajIva se utpanna kaThora, komala, zIta, aNa, cikane, rukhe, bhArI aura halke-ina ATha bhedoM se yukta sukha aura duHkha rUpa sparza kA nirodha karanA sparzanendriya nigraha hai|" kaSAya: jo zuddha svarUpa vAlI AtmA ko kaluSita karate haiM arthAt karmamala se malIna karate haiM, ve kaSAya haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai. ki jisase jIva punaH punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra meM par3atA hai, vaha kaSAya hai| kaSAya mukhya rUpa se cAra haiM- (1) krodha kaSAya (2) mAna kaSAya (3) 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 61 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 20 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 74 4. vahI, 32 / 73 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA 21 6. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 / 1 / 75 (kha) samavAyAMgasUtra, 4120 (ga) prajJApanAsatra, 287

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM: 171 mAyA kaSAya aura (4) lobha kssaay| zramaNa cAroM prakAra ke kaSAyoM se sarvathA virata rahatA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM cAroM kaSAyoM ke viveka ko zramaNa kA mUlaguNa mAnA gayA hai|' bhAva satya : hiMsA Adi doSoM se rahita vacana bolanA bhAva satya hai / dharmavRddhi ke lie zramaNa sadaiva hI sva-parahitakAraka, parimita evaM amRta sadRza jo vacana-vyavahAra karatA hai, vaha bhAva satya hai| yadi koI zikArI kisI zramaNa se pUche ki kyA Apane idhara hiraNa dekhA hai ? pratyuttara meM yadi zramaNa yaha kahe ki maiMne idhara hiraNa nahIM dekhA hai, to zramaNa kA yaha kathana bhI asatya nahIM hai, apitu jIva-rakSA ke kAraNa ise bhAva satya mAnA gayA hai| bhAva satya se jIva kyA prApta karatA hai ? isa sandarbha meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhAva satya se jIva bhAva vizuddhi prApta karatA hai tathA zuddha bhAva vAlA jIva arhanta praNIta dharma kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| karaNa satya: karaNa satya meM zramaNa kI upadhi kI pavitratA para bala diyA gayA hai| vividha prakAra ke upakaraNoM ko rakhane, uThAne Adi meM zramaNa kA hiMsAdivRtti se rahita jo vyavahAra hai, vaha karaNa satya hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki karaNa satya se jIva satpravRtti karatA hai aura satpravRtti vAlA jIva jaisA kahatA hai vaisA hI karane vAlA hotA hai| yoga satya: mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko yoga kahA gayA hai / ina tonoM pravRttiyoM ko satyaniSTha banAnA arthAt inameM pravaMcanA yA chala nahIM karanA yoga satya hai| kSamA: zramaNa kvacit krodha kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAe to bhI samabhAva ko dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai| samabhAva se yukta zramaNa sadaiva kSamArUpI amRta kA hI pAna karate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke samyaktva-parAkrama nAmaka unatIsa 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 27 / 178 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 51 3. vahI, 29 / 52

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272 : jainadharma ke samprAya adhyayana meM kSamApanA se lAbha kA kathana karate hue kahA hai ki kSamA se jIva AnandabhAva ko prApta karatA hai aura bAnandabhAva se sampanna sAdhaka prANI mAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva ko prApta karatA hai, jo Atma vizuddhi kA kAraNa banatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki sAdhaka kSamA se pariSahoM ko jIta letA hai| virAgatA : virAgatA kA artha rAga yA mamatva se rahita honA hai| virAgatA. se sAdhaka snehAnubandhanoM tathA tRSNAnubandhanoM kA viccheda kara detA hai tathA manojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, gandha aura sacitta, acitta evaM mizra dravyoM se virakta ho jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to virAgatA hI vItarAgatA hai| manasamAdhAraNatA: mana kA samyaka prakAra se niyojana karanA mana samAdhAraNatA hai| mana samAdhAraNatA se ekAgratA aura ekAgratA se jJAna kI paryAyeM prakaTa hotI haiN| jJAna paryAyoM kI prApti se samyaktva ko zuddhi aura mithyAtva kI 'nirjarA hotI hai| bacana samAdhAraNatAH vacana ko svAdhyAya meM samyak prakAra se saMlagna rakhanA vacana samAdhAraNatA hai| vacana samAdhAraNatA se vacana yogya darzana paryAyoM kI zuddhi hotI hai tathA sulabhabodhitva kI prApti aura durlabhabodhitva kA kSaya hotA hai| kAya samAdhAraNatA: kAya ( zarIra ) ko saMyama kI zuddha pravRttiyoM meM samyak prakAra se saMlagna rakhanA kAya samAdhAraNatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 18 2. "vantIe NaM parIsahe jiNaI" -vahI, 2940 3. vahI, 29 / 46 4. vahI, 29/57 5. vahI, 29 / 58

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 173 ki kAya samAdhAraNatA se jIva cAritra paryAyoM ko vizuddha karatA hai| cAritra paryAyoM ko vizuddha karake yathAkhyAta cAritra ko vizuddha karatA hai| yathAkhyAtacAritra ko vizuddha karake jIva kevalI meM vidyamAna vedanA Adi cAra karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai, tatpazcAt siddha, buddha, mukta hotA hai, parinirvANa ko prApta hotA hai aura samasta duHkhoM kA anta karatA hai|' jJAna sampannatA: jJAna kI sampannatA se sabhI bhAvoM kA bodha hotA hai| jJAna sampanna sAdhaka cAra gati rUpa saMsAra mahAraNya meM bhI vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, candravedhyaka prakIrNaka, bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka, mUlAcAra aura sUtrapAhuDa' Adi granthoM meM jJAna sampannatA kA lAbha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra dhAge sahita suI kahIM gira jAne para bhI khotI nahIM hai, usI prakAra jJAna sampanna jIva bhI saMsAra meM bhaTakatA nahIM hai| darzana sampannatA : darzana sampannatA se saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa miTa jAtA hai| mithyAtva naSTa ho jAtA hai| darzana sampannatA kA prakAza kabhI bujhatA nahIM hai varan sAdhaka jJAna-darzana se AtmA ko saMyojita karatA huA samabhAva meM vicaraNa karatA hai| cAritra sampannatA: cAritra sampannatA se sAdhaka zailezIbhAva ( dRDhabhAva) ko prApta karatA hai| zailezIbhAva se yukta sAdhaka cAra aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai| tatpazcAt vaha siddha, buddha aura mukta hotA hai, parinirvANa ko prApta hotA 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 59 2. vahI, 29 / 60 3. candravedhyaka prakIrNaka, gAthA 83 4. bhaktaparijJAprakIrNaka, gAthA 86 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA 973 6. sUtrapAhuDa, gAthA 4 . 7. sisodiyA, sureza-caMdAvejmayaM paiNNaya, bhUmikA, pR0 24-25. 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 61

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274 : jainadharma ke sampradAya .. ... hai tathA samasta duHkhoM kA anta karatA hai|' vedanAtisahanatA : ____ jIvana meM jo kaSTa athavA amanojJa anubhUtiyAM hotI haiM, unako... samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karanA ho vedanAtisahanatA hai / sAmAnya zabdoM meM kaheM to pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI citta ko samabhAva meM rakhanA vedanAtisahanatA hai| mAraNAntikAtisahanatA : .. mRtyu ke upasthita hone para vicalita nahIM honA aura usa samaya samabhAva meM rahanA mAraNAntikAtisahanatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise samAdhimaraNa kahA jAtA hai| zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM kI samIkSA : zramaNa ko jina mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai unakI saMkhyA, nAma evaM krama Adi ko lekara zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ekamata nahIM haiN| zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM se kucha guNa aise haiM jo donoM paramparAoM meM samAna haiM, kintu kucha mUlaguNa aise bhI haiM, jo donoM paramparAoM meM bhinna haiN| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM pAMca mahAvratoM ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pAMca mahAvratoM ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM pA~coM indriyoM ke nigraha kA ullekha huA hai, kintu digambara paramparA pA~ca indriya nigraha se pahale pAMca samitiyoM ko sthAna deto hai| yadyapi pA~ca indriya nigraha ko bhI donoM paramparAoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai tathApi unake krama meM antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pA~ca indriya nigraha ke pazcAt krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi cAra kaSAyoM ke tyAga ko zramaNa ke mUlaguNa meM ginAyA gayA hai, kintu digambara paramparA meM cAra kaSAyoM ke tyAga ko mUlaguNoM meM nahIM ginAyA gayA hai / digambara parampara meM kaSAya tyAga kA kathana anyatra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM kaSAya tyAga ke pazcAt bhAva satya, karaNa satya, yoga satya, kSamA, virAgatA, manasamAdhAraNatA, vacanasamAdhAraNatA, kAya 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 62 2. SakhaNDAgama, 131313111

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 175 samAdhAraNatA, jJAna sampannatA, darzana sampannatA, cAritra sampannatA, vedanAtisahanatA aura mAraNAntikAtisahanatA Adi jo mUlaguNa haiM, ve digambara paramparA meM isa rUpa meM nahIM haiM, kintu digambara muni bhI ina sabhI guNoM kA pAlana to mUlaguNoM ke samAna hI karate haiN| digambara paramparA meM jo pA~ca samitiyAM kahI gaI haiM, ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya to haiM, kintu unakA ullekha 27 guNoM meM nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM aSTa pravacana mAtAoM meM pAMca samitiyoM kA samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM sAmAyika ( samatA bhAva) stavana, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura vyutsarga Adi jo SaDAvazyaka ginAye gaye haiM, ve yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM nahIM ginAye gaye haiM tathApi unakA pAlana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| SaDAvazyaka ke pazcAt digambara paramparA meM mUlaguNoM ke rUpa meM kezaloca, acelakatva, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana, sthitabhojana aura ekabhaktavrata kA kathana hai, unameM se kezaloca, asnAna aura adantadhAvana kA pAlana to zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNa bhI karate hI haiN| yaha bhinna bAta hai ki ve unheM mUlaguNoM meM parigaNita nahIM karate haiM, kintu acelakatva, kSitizayana sthitabhojana aura ekabhaktavrata-ye guNa na to zvetAmbara mAnya sAhitya meM zramaNa ke mUlaguNa batAye gaye haiM aura na hI zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNa ina guNoM kA pAlana digambara paramparA ke zramaNoM kI taraha karate haiN| ... zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke zramaNoM ke mUlaguNoM sambandhI -isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM zramaNa ke lie jina mUlaguNoM ko Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai, ve krama evaM nAmAdi kI dRSTi se .cAhe kucha bhinna pratIta hote hoM, kintu unakA sAra-tattva samAna hI hai / donoM hI paramparAe~ mUlaguNoM ke dvArA eka Adarza zramaNa-vyaktitva kA vikAsa karanA cAhatI haiN| zramaNa ke anya guNa : . mUlaguNoM ke atirikta zramaNa jina guNoM kA pAlana karatA hai unheM zramaNa ke anya guNa kahA jA sakatA hai| anya guNa kahane kA tAtparya yaha 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 24 / 1-3...... ..

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176 : manavama ke sampradAya nahIM hai ki zramaNa ina guNoM kA pAlana AMzika rUpa se karatA hai| bAstavikatA to yaha hai ki pratyeka zramaNa apanI-apanI paramparAnusAra ina guNoM kA bhI mUlaguNoM kI taraha hI pAlana karatA hai| bhikSacaryA - zragaNa bhikSAvRtti se jIvanayApana karatA hai| bhikSAcaryA zramaNa kI eka mahattvapUrNa pravRtti hai| zramaNa ko ucca-nIca aura madhyama kuloM se samabhAvapUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra lAkara jIvanayApana karanA hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra aura dazavakAlikasUtra meM bhikSAcaryA kA koI nizcita kAla nahIM batAkara yahI kahA gayA hai ki bhikSA kA kAla prApta hone para zramaNa zikSA ke lie jAe', kintu uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dina ke tIsare prahara ko bhikSAkAla mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM kevala eka samaya hI bhikSArtha jAne kA vidhAna hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa jisa deza meM bhikSA kA jo ucita samaya ho, usa samaya bhikSAcaryA ke lie jAte haiM, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki sUryodaya se pUrva aura sUryAsta ke pazcAt zramaNa bhikSAcaryA ke lie nahIM jAte haiN| dazavakAlikasUtra ke piNDeSaNA adhyayana meM bhikSAcaryA kI vidhi-niSedha kA kathana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhikSAcaryA ke lie nikalA huA muni sthiracitta se yugapramANa ( sAr3he tIna hAtha ). bhUmi ko dekhatA huA, harI vanaspati, dvIndriyAdi prANI, sacitta jala, sacitta miTTI tathA agnikAya Adi ko bacAtA huA cale / anya mArga vidyamAna ho to zramaNa Ubar3akhAbar3a bhU-bhAga tathA kIcar3ayukta mArga se nahI jAe, kintu yadi dUsarA mArga nahIM ho to usa sthiti meM yatanApUrvaka usa mArga se jaae| jIvA hiMsA se bacane ke lie zramaNa koyale kI rAzi, rAkha ke Dhera, bhase (dhAnya) 1. (ka) "ayaM saMghI ti adakkhu / " -AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 2 / 5 / 88 (kha) "saMpatte bhikkhAkAlammi, asaMbhaMto amucchio|" -dazavakAlikasUtra, 5 / 83 2. "paDhama porisiM samAyaM bIyaM jhANaM ziyAyaI / tajhyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo cautthIe sajjhAya // " -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 / 12

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sampanI mAnyatAeM : 177 kI rAzi ko sacakara nahIM jaae| barSA, kohare evaM baMdhar3a ke samaya bhI zramaNa ko bhikSAcaryA ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie|' mUlAcAra meM bhI bhikSAcaryA ke sAtha-sAtha AhAracaryA kA bhI ullekha huA hai| bahAra: AhAra kA sAmAnya artha bhojana hai| bhojana se zArIrika kriyAoM evaM ceSTAoM kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai / tIna zarIroM ( audArika, vaikriya aura nAhAraka ) aura chaH paryAptiyoM ( AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA aura mana ) ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane kA nAma ahiAra hai| - zramaNa kI samasta kriyAe~ samatA se paripUrNa hotI haiM isalie unakA AhAra bhI sAmAnya vyakti se pRthak hotA hai| sAmAnya vyakti kA AhAra jIvana nirvAha ke lie hI hotA hai jabaki zramaNa kA AhAra tapa, cAritra aura saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie bhI hotA hai| zramaNa AhAra grahaNa karate samaya AhAra-viveka aura AhAra ko vizuddhatA para apano dRSTi kendrita rakhatA hai / AhAra viveka zramaNa sAdhanA kA pramukha aMga hai / zramaNa nirdoSa AhAra hI grahaNa karatA hai| sadoSa AhAra na zramaNa svayaM grahaNa karatA haiM, na dUsaroM se grahaNa karavAtA hai aura na hI sadoSa AhAra grahaNa karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki icchita AhAra prApta hone para zramaNa usakA ahaMkAra nahIM kare tathA prApta na ho to zoka nahIM kre| Agama granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki mAhAra dene vAle athavA grahaNa karane vAle kI bhUla se kadAcita sacitta, doSayukta athavA adhika mAtrA meM AhAra grahaNa kara liyA ho aura zramaNazramaNI usa AhAra ko khAne meM asamartha hoM to use lekara ve ekAnta sthAna meM cale jAe~ aura jIva-rahita sthAna kA bhalI-bhAMti nirIkSaNa karake usa sthAna kA raz2oharaNa se acchI taraha pramArjana karake, yatanIpUrvaka usa AhAra ko vahA~ pariSThApita karade ( DALade ) / ' AcArAMgasUtra ke 1. dazavakAlikasUtra, 5 / 83-90 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 213 3. AcArAMgasUtra, 112 / 5 / 88 .4. vahI, 112 / 5 / 89 5. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 // 1 // 324, (kha) dazarvakAlikAsUtra, 5995-199 12

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178 : jainadharma ke sampradAya dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama piMDeSaNA adhyayana meM AhAra grahaNa-vidhi-niSedha kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai / ___ zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNa tumbe, lakar3I athavA miTro ke pAtroM meM kaI gharoM se madhukaravRttipUrvaka prAsuka AhAra lAte haiM / AhAra lAkara zramaNa sarvaprathama guru ke pAsa jAte haiM aura IpithikasUtra se pratikramaNa karate haiN|' tatpazcAt bhikSA ke lie jAne-Ane tathA bhikSA grahaNa karane . meM lage samasta aticAroM kA kramazaH upayogapUrvaka cintana karate haiM aura avyagracitta se guru ke samIpa AlocanA karate haiN| tathA jisa prakAra bhikSA grahaNa kI ho, usI prakAra guru ko nivedana karate haiN| bAda meM ve prakAzayukta khule pAtra meM, hAtha aura muMha se AhAra ko nIce nahIM girAte hae yatnapUrvaka bhojana karate haiM tathA bhojana cAhe jaisA bhI banA ho, use madhu ghRta kI taraha khAte haiN| digambara paramparA ke zramaNa zrAvakoM ke ghara bhojana ke lie jAte haiM aura vahAM prApta huI nirdoSa bhikSA ko karapAtra (hAtha kI aMjalI ) meM hI grahaNa karake mauna rahakara khar3e-khar3e vahA~ hI khAte haiM / malAcAra meM AhAra-grahaNa-vidhi-niSedha kA kathana karate hue kahA hai| ki zramaNa na bala ke lie, na Ayu ke lie, na svAda ke lie, na zarIra kI puSTi ke lie aura na teja ke lie AhAra grahaNa kare, kintu jJAna, saMyama aura dhyAna ke lie AhAra grahaNa kre|' isI graMtha meM Age yaha bhI kahA hai ki zramaNa nava koTi se zuddha, biyAlosa-doSoM se rahita, saMyojanA se hona, pramANa sahita tathA vidhipUrvaka diyA gayA bhojana hI grahaNa 1. "icchAmi paDikkamiuM iriyAvahiyAe vihAraNAe gamaNAgamaNe / " ..."je me jIvA virAhiyA""tassa micchAmi dukkddN|" -AvazyakasUtra, sAmAyika adhyayana, pR0 13 2. "paDikkamAmi goyaraggacariyAe bhikkhAyariyAe"paribhuttaM vA jaM na. pariThThAviyaM, tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM / " -AvazyakasUtra, pratikramaNa adhyayana, pR0 33 3. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5 / 200-205 4. vahI, 5 / 209-210 5. padmapurANa, 4 / 97 6. mUlAcAra, mAthA 481 . .. .. ..

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 179 kre|' AcArya kundakunda ne liMgapAhuDa meM gariSTha evaM iSTa rasa yukta pauSTika AhAra ko zramaNa ke lie tyAjya mAnA hai| svAsthya kI dRSTi se zramaNa ke AhAra pramANa kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zramaga udara ( peTa ) ke cAra bhAgoM meM se AdhA bhAga bhojana se bhare, tosarA bhAga jala se paripUrNa kare aura cauthA bhAga vAyu saMcaraNa ke lie khAlI rakheM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM puruSa (zramaNa ) ke AhAra kA pramANa battIsa grAsa aura strI ( AryikA) ke AhAra kA pramANa aTThAIsa grAsa kahA gayA hai / zvetAmbara paraMparA meM cU~ki zramaNa AhAra lAkara sthAnaka, upAsare athavA Thaharane yogya kisI bhI yatheSTha sthAna para grahaNa karate haiM, isalie isa paraMparA meM vRddha athavA bImAra zramaNoM ko digambara zramaNoM kI taraha svayaM AhAra lene nahIM jAnA par3atA hai varan jo dUsare zramaNa AhAra lAte haiM usameM se ve bhI grahaNa kara lete haiN| isa paramparA ke zramaNa digambara paramparA ke zramaNoM kI taraha na to khar3e-khar3e bhojana karate haiM aura na hI inake yahA~ mAtra eka samaya hI bhojana karane kA pracalana hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa apane sImita pAtroM meM eka se adhika bAra AhAra lAte bhI haiM aura khAte bhI haiN| digambara paraMparA ke zramaNa kevala navadhAbhaktipUrvaka diyA gayA AhAra ho grahaNa karate haiM / navadhAbhakti eka vizeSa vidhi hai, jisameM AhAradAtA (zrAvaka ) zramaNa ko pAda prakSAlaNa, arcanA, praNAma Adi karake AhAra detA hai|" zvetAmbara paraMparA meM navadhAbhakti kA aisA pracalana to nahIM hai, kintu itanA to nizcita hai ki isa paraMparA ke zramaNa bhI sammAnapUrvaka diyA gayA AhAra hI grahaNa karate haiN| digambara paraMparA ke zramaNa saMkalpa yA abhigraha lekara AhAra ke lie gamana karate haiM jahAM unakA . 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA 482 2. liMgapAhuDa, gAthA 12-13 3. "addhamasaNassa savviMjaNassa udarassa tadiyamudayeNa / . vAu saMcaraNaTuM.cautthamavasesaye bhikkhU // " -mUlAcAra, gAthA 491 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 213 . ..... ....... 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA 482; AcAravRtti, 10.372. . ..

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180. : vadharsa ke sampradAya abhigraha pUrA hotA ho, vahIM ve AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vividha prakAra ke abhigraha evaM saMkalpoM kA ullekha huA hai|' zvetAmbara paraMparA ke zramaNa AhAra grahaNa ke lie kisI taraha kA abhigraha yA saMkalpa nahIM karate haiN| jisa prakAra kSudhA (bhUkha) zAnta karane ke lie zramaNa ko bhojana ko AvazyakatA rahatI hai usI prakAra tRSNA (pyAsa) zAnta karane ke lie use pAnI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM nirdoSa AhAra ke sAtha pAnI kA bhI ullekha huA hai| prAsuka pAnI ko dhovana pAnI bhI kahA jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai. ki digambara paramparA ke zrameNa sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta vrata karate haiM isalie ve pAnI bhI dina meM eka hI bAra grahaNa karate haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNa bhojana kI teraha pAnI bhI eka se adhika bAra lAte bhI haiM aura pIte bhI haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara dAnoM paramparAnusAra zramaNa kI AhAracaryA meM kucha bhinnatA hote hue bhI AhAra kA samaya, AhAra maryAdA, AhAra ke prakAra, AhAra ke doSa Adi aneka bAtoM meM donoM paramparAoM ke zramaNoM kA vyavahAra lagabhaga samAna hai| vihAraH __ aika sthAna para rahane se rAga bar3hatA hai isalie zramaNa nitya vihAra karate haiN| zramaNa varSAyoga ke atirikta adhika. samaya taka eka sthAna para nahIM Thaharate haiN| zramaNa cAhe vacamayI bhUmi ho, cAhe kaMkar3a-patthara se yakta mArga ho, cAhe kAMToM se bharA patha ho, ve cAra hAtha pramANa bhUmi kA avalokana karate hue ekAgracitta se IryAsamitipUrvaka grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate haiN| durgama mArgoM para bhI zramaNa nagna paira aura paidala hI gamana karate 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 218-221, 1206 2. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 17 / 369-371 (kha) dazavakAlikasUtra, 5 / 188-194 (ga) mUlAcAra, gAthA 473 3. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 3 / 11469 (sa) usarAdhyayanasUtra, 247 (ga) mUlAcAra, gAthA 303 4. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 9 / 1 / 267 (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 152

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 181 AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai ki zramaNa ko mArga meM calate samaya idharaudhara dekhe binA yatnapUrvaka calanA caahie| zramaNa mArga meM calate samaya jIva hiMsA se bacane ke lie donoM hAtha-paira saTAkara nahIM calate haiM, ThaMDa se ghabarAkara hAthoM ko sikor3ate nahIM haiM, yahAM taka ki kandhoM para bhI hAtha nahIM rakhate haiN|' __mUlAcAra meM sAdhu ke vihAra yogya mArga kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa mArga para hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, strI, puruSa Adi gamanAgamana karate rahate hoM tathA jisa mArga para sUrya kI kiraNe par3a rahI hoM, jahA~ hala Adi calAe jA cuke hoM, aise mArga-prAsuka mArga haiN| zramaNa ko aise mArga para hI calanA caahie| vaise zramaNa paidala hI vihAra karatA hai kintu kabhI aisA prasaMga A jAe ki use nadI pAra karanI ho aura naukA (nAva) dvArA use pAra kiyA jA sakatA ho to zramaNa naukA kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama AcArAMgasUtra aura digambara paramparA ke mAnya graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA ko vijayodayA TIkA meM naukArohaNa vidhi kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai| kintu donoM graMthoM meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki nadI pAra kara lene ke pazcAt dUsare taTa para pahuMcakara zramaNa ko kAyotsarga kara lenA cAhie / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM meM zramaNoM ko vihAra caryA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| varSAvAsa: - varSAvAsa zramaNacaryA kA anivArya evaM mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / varSAkAla meM lagAtAra cAra mAha eka hI sthAna para rahane ke kAraNa yaha samaya cAtumAsa ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ASAr3ha mAha meM jaba varSA prArambha ho jAtI hai to bhUmi trasa evaM sthAvara jovoM se vyApta ho jAtI hai| mArga meM sarvatra harI vanaspati, kAI aura sUkSma jIva dikhAI dete haiN| aise meM gamanAgamana karane se sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| 1. AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 9 / 1 / 265-276 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 304-306 3. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 3 / 11474-482 ... (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 152 4. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 3 / 11414-468 (kha) bhagavatI arAvanA, gAthA 421

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.182 : jainadharma ke sampradAya isalie zramaNa varSAkAla ke cAra mAha eka hI grAma yA nagara meM vyaktAta karatA hai| ____ AcArAMgasatra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM varSAvAsa kA jo kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa jJAtavya hai| isa kathana meM eka ora yaha kahA gayA hai ki varSAkAla A jAne para mArga meM utpanna jIva, aMkurita bIja tathA harI vanaspati Adi ko rakSA hetu zramaNa ko isa avadhi meM eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| dUsarI ora yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki varSAkAla ke cAra mAha vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt dUsare dina ho zramaNa anyatra vihAra kara de| yadi usa samaya varSA ho rahI ho to cAra mAha bAda bhI pA~ca-dasa dina vaha vahA~ aura rUka jAe, tatpazcAt jaba yaha jAna le ki aba varSA nahIM ho rahI hai, mArga kIcar3a, harI vanaspati evaM sUkSma jIva-jantuoM se rahita ho gae haiM to vaha vihAra kara de| AcArAMgasUtra meM varSAvAsa ke pazcAt bhI varSA hone kI sthiti meM jo pAMca dasa dina aura rUkane kA kathana ullikhita hai, vaha antima avadhi nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, kyoMki usa kathana kA mUla prayojana to itanA ho mAnanA hogA ki varSAkAla ke bAda bhI yadi mArga vihAra yogya nahIM hue hoM to. kucha dina vahA~ aura rUkA jA sakatA hai lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki zramaNa isa bahAne adhika dinoM taka vahA~ rUka jAe / sambhavataH isIlie graMtha meM kucha dinoM kI yaha maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| __ zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha daMzAzrutaskandhaniyukti meM to varSAvAsa ke pUrva tathA pazcAt donoM samaya eka-eka mAha aura usI sthAna para rUka sakane kA kathana ullikhita hai / graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki ASAr3ha mAsakalpa karake yadi zramaNa ko cAturmAsa yogya kSetra nahIM mile to vaha usI sthAna para cAturmAsa kara le aura cAturmAsa ke pazcAt bhI yadi varSA nahIM rUke to vaha usa sthAna para eka mAha aura rUka sakatA hai| isa prakAra varSAkAla meM chaha mAha taka zramaNa eka hI sthAna para rUka sakatA hai| 2 / 3 / 1 / 464-468 2. vahI, 2 / 3 / 11467 3. vahI, 2 / 3 / 11468 4. "kAUNa mAsakalpaM tattheva ThiyANa tIe maggasIre / sAlambaNANa chammAsito tu jeTThoggaho hoti / " -dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti, gAthA 69

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 183 digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki varSAkAla ke cAra mAha bAda bhI zramaNa adhikatama eka mAha aura usI sthAna para raha sakatA hai|' zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama dazavaikAlikasUtra meM vihAracaryA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki varSAkAla meM cAra mAha aura anya RtuoM meM adhikatama eka mAha eka sthAna para rahanA utkRSTa pramANa hai tathA jahA~ zramaNa ne varSAvAsa yA mAsakalpa kiyA ho vahA~ dUsarA varSAvAsa yA dUsarA mAsakalpa karanA usake lie ucita nahIM hai| vaise to zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM varSAkAla meM zramaNa kA vihAra karanA niSiddha hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM ne kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM varSAkAla meM bhI zramaNa ko vihAra kara sakane kI svIkRti dI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama sthAnAMgasUtra meM pA~ca kAraNoM se varSAkAla meM bhI vihAra karanA AcAra sammata mAnA hai 1. vizeSa jJAna prApti ke lie| 2. darzana prabhAvaka zAstra kA artha jAnane ke lie| 3. cAritra kI rakSA ke lie| 4. AcArya yA upAdhyAya kI mRtyu ho jAne para / 5. AcArya yA upAdhyAya kI vaiyAvRtya (sevA) karane ke lie| digambara paramparA ke mAnya graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM bhI cAra kAraNoM se varSAkAla meM bhI zramaNa dvArA vihAra karanA AcAra sammata mAnA gayA hai.. 1. durbhikSa ( akAla ) par3a jAne pr| 2. mahAmArI phaila jAne pr| .... 3. gAMva athavA pradeza meM kisI kAraNa vizeSa se bhArI uthala-puthala .. ho jAne pr| - 4. gaccha ke vinAza kA nimitta upasthita hone pr| - 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 421 2. dazavakAlikasUtra, dvitIya cUlikA, sUtra 570 3. sthAnAMgasUtra, 5 / 2 / 100 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, sUtra 421 . .

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184 : jainadharma ke sampradAya varSAkAla meM bho vihAra karane kI anumati svarUpa jo kAraNa bhagavato ArAdhanA meM batAye gae haiM, bahuta kucha ye hI kAraNa sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI batalAye gae haiN|' varSAkAla kA mahattva isalie bhI adhika hai ki isa samaya meM zramaNazramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA sabhI apanI Atma-ArAdhanA meM lIna rahate haiM aura apane doSoM kA upazamana karane kA prayatna karate haiN| isa samaya meM paryupASaNA kI jAtI hai isalie yaha samaya paryuSaNa kAla ke rUpa meM bhI . jAnA jAtA hai / varSAvAsa saMbaMdhI isa samagra carcA se yahI phalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke zramaNa sUkSmatama jIvoM kI hiMsA se apane ko bacAne ke lie varSAkAla meM grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa nahIM karake eka hI sthAna para Thaharate haiN| upakaraNa : jisake dvArA upakAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha upakaraNa hai| upadhi kA hI pracalita nAma upakaraNa hai| vastra, pAtra Adi bAhya upadhi haiM tathA rAga, dveSa, moha evaM Asakti Adi abhyantara upadhi haiM / saMyama sAdhanA meM lIna zramaNa ko saMyama rakSA ke lie vastra, pAtra Adi upadhi rakhanI par3atI hai / Agama sAhitya meM isakI anumati dI gaI hai, kintu anumati ke sAtha hI AgamoM meM yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki zramaNa apanI AvazyakatAoM ko sImita rakhe tathA jo bhI saMyamopakaraNa vaha rakhe una para bhI mamatva nahIM rkhe| __AcArAMga TIkA meM zramaNa ke rakhane yogya bAraha prakAra ke upakaraNa batalAye gaye haiM (1) pAtra, (2) pAtrabandhana (pAtra rakhane kI jholI), (3) pAtra sthApana (pAtra ke nIce kA vastra ), (4) pAtra-kesarI (pramArjanikA), (5) paTala (pAtra Dhakane kA vastra ), (6) rajasrANa (pAnI chAnane kA vastra ) (7) 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 5 / 2 / 99 2. AcArAMgasUtra, 108 / 4 / 213-214 3. "patte pattAbaMdho pAyaThThavaNaM ca pAyakesariyA / paDalAi rayattANaM ca gocchao pANijjogo // " -AcA0 zIlA TIkA, jAMka 277, uddhRta-AcArAMgasUtra , bhAga 2, sampA0 madhukara bhuti, . 263

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 185 gocchaga ( pAtra sApha karane kA vastra ), (8-10) tona pracchAdana ( zarIra para bor3hane-ukane ke vastra ), (11) rajoharaNa aura (12) mukhvstrikaa| prArambhika sAta upakaraNa pAtra niryoga (pAtra sAmagrI ) kahalAte haiM / ye sAtoM hI upakaraNa pAtra ko rakhane, uThAne aura sApha karane ke lie haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNa zarIra ko Dhakane evaM or3hane ke lie tIna vastra rakhate haiM tathA jIva hiMsA se bacane ke lie rajoharaNa aura mukhabastrikA rakhate haiN| digambara paramparA ke zramaNa ye sabhI upakaraNa nahIM rakhate haiM / isa paramparA meM zramaNa ke upakaraNa-saMyamopakaraNa, jJAnopakaraNa aura zaucopakaraNa-isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gae haiN| mayUra picchI saMyamopakaraNa hai, adhyayana-adhyApana tathA jJAnavarddhana hetu zAstra rakhanA jJAnopakaraNa hai tathA zauca-zaddhi hetu kamaNDalu rakhanA zaucopakaraNa hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke zramaga agno AvazyakatAoM ko sImita rakhate hue mAtra saMyama kI rakSA ke lie hI upakaraNa rakhate haiM tathApi ina upakaraNoM kI mAtrA Adi ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ko apekSA digambara paramparA ke zramaNa atyalpa upakaraNa ho rakhate haiN| vastra : .. zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAcIna AgamA meM avelakatva (nagnatA) ko zramaNa kA utkRSTa guNa mAnA hai, kintu Age calakara 'zramaNa ko sImita vastra grahaNa karane kI bhI anumati do gaI hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM zramaNa ko adhikatama tona vastra rakhane ko anumati dene ke sAtha hI yaha bho kathana kiyA hai ki vaha una vastroM ko na to dhoe, na . raMge aura na dhoe evaM raMge hue vastroM ko dhAraNa kre| iso grantha meM 1. "je acele parivasite tassa NaM bhikkhussa No evaM bhavati" -AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 6 / 3 / 187 2. "vatthaM paDiggahaNaM kaMbalaM pArachaNaM uggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM etesu ceka jANejjA" -AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 2 / 5 / 89 3. "No ghoejjA, No raejjA, No ghottaralAI vatpAI pArenA" -AvAsaMgasUna, 1844214

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186 : jainadharma ke sampradAya zramaNI ko cAra vastra rakhane kI anumati dI gaI hai|' ___ AcArAMgasUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vastraiSaNA nAmaka eka svatantra adhyayana hai jisameM zramaNa-zramaNI ke vastra grahaNa karane, dhAraNa karane, vastroM ke prakAra, vastroM ke parimANa, bahumUlya vastra grahaNa ke niSedha tathA vastra grahaNa karane se pUrva pratilekhanA Adi karane kA vidhAna hai| __ digambara paramparA meM acelakatA ko zramaNa kA mUlaguNa mAnA hai isalie isa paramparA ke zramaNa pUrNataH nagna hI rahate haiN| mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne kahA hai-vastra, carma aura valkaloM ( vRkSa kI chAla ) athavA pattoM Adi se zarIra ko nahIM DhakanA, sabhI prakAra ke AbhUSaNa evaM parigraha se rahita nirgrantha veza meM rahanA jagata meM pUjya acelakatva nAmaka mUlaguNa hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai yadi zramaNa vastra mAtra kA tyAga. karane para bhI dUsare parigrahoM se yukta hai to use saMyata nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ataH vastra ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga kara denA hI acelakatva hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ke lie vastra prahaNa karane kI anumati nahIM dI gaI hai kintu isa paramparA meM bho AryikAe~ zvetAmbara zramaNiyoM kI taraha hI zveta vastra dhAraNa karatI haiN| pAtra: jisa upakaraNa meM zramaNa bhojana-pAnI grahaNa karatA hai, vaha pAtra hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM taruNa va baliSTha zramaNa ko kevala eka hI pAtra rakhane kI anumati dI gaI hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra kahate haiM ki jo zramaNa taruNa 1. "jA NiggaMthI sA cattAri saMghADio dhArejjA" -AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 5 / 11553 2. vistRta vivecana hetu dRSTavya hai-AcArAMgasUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, paMcama adhyayana, prathama-dvitIya uddezaka 3. "vatthAjiNavakkeNa ya ahavA pattAiNA asaMvaraNaM / NinbhUsaNa NiggaMthaM accellakka jagadi pUjjaM // " -mUlAcAra, gAthA 30 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1124 5. AcArAMgasatra, 1 / 8 / 4 / 213

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 187 baliSTha tathA sthira saMhanana vAlA ho, vaha eka hI pAtra rakhe, dUsarA nhiiN| isI graMtha meM Age malamatra visarjana hetu mAtraka nAmaka dUsarA pAtra rakhane kI anumati dI gaI hai| isI grantha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki saMghAr3e (samaha) ke sAtha rahane para vaha do pAtra rakha sakatA hai-eka bhojana ke lie aura dUsarA pAnI ke lie|' kalpasUtra meM zramaNa ko adhikatama tIna pAtra taka rakha sakane ko anumati dI gaI hai| ___ AcArAMgasUtra meM tumbe, lakar3I aura miTTI se bane pAtroM ko zramaNa ke liye grAhya mAnA hai| kintu zramaNa ke nimitta kharIde gae evaM mUlyavAna dhAtu ke pAtra grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| grantha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki pAtra prahaNa karane se pUrva zramaNa unakI pratilekhanA avazya kreN| digambara paramparAnusAra pAtra rakhanA bhI parigraha hai| digambara paraMparA ke zramaNa karapAtra (hAtha ko aMjalI) meM hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiM isalie. ve pANI-pAtrI kahalAte haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha kalpasUtra meM bhI karapAtrI zramaNa kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai / isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI karapAtra meM AhAra karanA to utkRSTa mAnA hI gayA thA, phira bhI jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM zramaNa ko sImita saMkhyA meM pAtra rakhane kI bhI anumati dI gaI hai vahAM digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ko pAtra rakhane kI koI anumati nahIM dI gaI hai| yadyapi digambara zramaNa bhojana lene ke lie pAtra bhale hI nahIM rakhate hoM, kintu zarIra zuddhi ke lie ve apane pAsa eka pAtra rakhate haiM, jise kamaNDalu kahA jAtA hai| kamaNDalu meM digambara zramaNa prAsuka jala rakhate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki kamaNDalu ko digambara paramparA ne pAtra nahIM mAnakara zaucopakaraNa mAnA hai| * rajoharaNa : jova hiMsA se bacane ke lie zramaNa jo saMyamopakaraNa rakhate haiM,. 1. AcArAMgavRtti, patrAMka 399; uddhRta-AcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 6 / 1 / 189, vivecana-madhukara muni . 2. kalpasUtram, 283 3. mAcArAMgasUtra, 2 / 6 / 1 / 588 4. pAcArAMgasUtra, 116 / 11591-593 5. vahI, 599-600 . 6. kalpasUtram, 253-255

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148 : lacarma ke samaya unameM rajoharaNa kA viziSTa mahatva hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke zramaNa rajoharaNa avazya rakhate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM oghA, caravalA, gochA Adi rajoharaNa ke pracalita nAma haiN| isa paramparA meM rajoharaNa Una kA banA hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM rajoharaNa ke lie picchI zabda prayukta huA hai| picchI sAmAnyatayA mayUrapaMkhoM se banI hotI hai| zramaNa koI bhI kriyA kare, cAhe vaha soye, uThe, baiThe, khAnA khAye yA . gamanAgamana kare, pratyeka sthiti meM sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai isalie zramaNa koI bhI kriyA karane se pUrva usa vastu athavA sthAna kI pratilekhanA avazya karatA hai tAki jIva hiMsA nahIM ho / yaha pratilekhanA rajoharaNa se kI jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM to rajoharaNa kI bhI pratilekhanA karane ko kahA gayA hai tAki kathaMcita usameM koI sUkSma jIva raha jAe to usakI bhI hiMsA nahIM ho| digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha bhagavato ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM picchikA kA vistArapUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM picchikA ko muni viSayaka vizvAsa dilAne vAlA cihna mAnA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isase jIva dayA pAlI jAtI hai / mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki picchikA ke binA zramaNa se jIva hiMsA ho hI jAtI hai|' SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratna TIkA meM kahA hai-kASThA saMgha ke zramaNa gopicchI (cAmara ) dhAraNa karate haiM, mUlasaMgha ke zramaNa mayUra phicchI dhAraNa karate haiM tathA mAthurasaMgha ke zramaNa na to gopicchI rakhate haiM aura na hI mayUra picchI, ataH ke nivicchika kahe gaye haiN| mukhavastrikA : zramaNa jo bhI upakaraNa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha saMyama kI rakSA ke lie hI hotA hai / jIva hiMsA se bacane ke lie zramaNa mukhavastrikA ( muhapattI) 1. uttarAdhyayatasUtra, 26 / 23 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 97-98 3. mUlAcAra, gAthA 913-914 4. "kASThAsaMDdhe camarobAlaiH picchikA, mUlasaMDthe mAdhUrapiccha:picchiAkA / mAthurasaMGaghaM mUlato'pi picchikA nAdRtA gopyAM mAyUrapicchikA / " -SaDdarzanatanuzcaya, pR1361

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zramaNAcAra sammako mAnyatAeM : 189dhAraNa karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ullekha hai ki makhavastrikA ko bho pratilekhavA karanI caahie| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM "muhapattI" sabda prayukta huA hai| dinambara paramparA kastra ko parigraha mAnatI hai isalie isa paramparA ke zramaNa mukhavastrikA nahIM rakhate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM ke zramaNa yadyapi mukhavastrikA dhAge se muMha para bAMdhakara nahIM rakhate haiM tathApi ve apane hAtha meM mukhavastrikA rakhate haiM tathA bolate samaya use ve muMha ke najadIka kara lete haiM, tAki jIva-hiMsA nahIM ho| isase eka niSkarSa yaha bhI nikalatA hai ki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM mukhavastrikA ko sadeva muMha para bAMdhane kA pracalana nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnakavAsI aura terApanthI sampradAya ke zramaNa jIva-hiMsA se bacane ke lie sadeva apane muMha para mukhavastrikA dhAraNa kiye rahate haiN| sthAnakavAso aura terApanthI sampradAya meM mukhavastrikA ke AkAra-prakAra meM kvacita antara hai| AhAra karate samaya sthAnakavAsI aura terAphdhI sampradAyoM ke zramaNa mukhabastrikA muMha se utAra lete haiM tathA AhAra kara lene ke pazcAt ve pUrvavat mukhavastrikA apane muMha para dhAraNa kara lete haiN| pratilekhanAH pratilekhanA zramaNa kA eka viziSTa AcAra hai| zramaNa mAtra vastra, pAtra, rajoharaNa aura mukhaMvastrikA kI hI pratilekhanA nahIM karatA hai, varan vaha usake upayoga meM A rahe sthAna, paTTe, caukI tathA zAstra Adi ko bhI pratilekhanA karatA hai| . uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhANDopakaraNa pratilekhanA, muMhapatto pratilekhanA, gocchaga pratilekhanA, vastra pratilekhanA, pAtra bandha pratilekhanA, zayyA pretilekhanA aura bhUmi pratilekhanA kI vidhi bhI batalAI gaI hai| isake alAvA jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa meM lage divasa sambandhI aticAroM kA anukrama se cintana karake stutipUrvaka unakI pratilekhanA karane ko kahA gayA hai| 1. uttarAdhyamalabUtra, 26 / 26 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2577 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 / 21- 4 hI, 24

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190 : jainadharma ke sampradAya , digambara paramparA meM bhI cAritra kI rakSA ke liye zramaNa zayyA, zAstra, picchI, kamaNDalu Adi jo upakaraNa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha unakI pratilekhanA avazya karatA hai|' mUlAcAra ke samAcArAdhikAra meM vividha prakAra kI pratilekhanA kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM to yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki atithi muni aura saMgha meM rahane vAle muni AhAra, svAdhyAya tathA pratikramaNa Adi se to eka-dUsare kI kriyA aura cAritra kI parIkSA karate hI haiM, kintu zramaNa jisa vidhi se apane upakaraNoM kI pratilekhanA karatA hai, use dekhakara bhI usakI kriyA aura cAritra kI parIkSA ho jAtI hai| pratilekhanA kisa samaya karanI cAhie, isake lie uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sUryodaya hone para dina ke prathama prahara kA caturtha bhAga pratilekhanA karane kA samaya hai| malAcAra meM aisA koI nizcita samaya nahIM batAkara yahI kahA gayA hai ki yogya prakAza meM donoM kAla ( prAtaHkAla evaM sAyaMkAla ) meM yatanApUrvaka saMstara aura sthAna Adi kI pratilekhanA karanI caahiye| vastutaH pratilekhanA sUkSma jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA nahIM ho, isIlie kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM zramaNoM ke liye pratilekhanA karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| -pratikramaNa : pratikramaNa zramaNa jIvana kA prANa-tattva hai| dainika kriyAoM ko karate hue aise aneka avasara Ate haiM jaba nahIM cAhate hue bhI vratoM meM skhalanA ho jAtI hai| una skhalanAoM kI upekSA nahIM karake zramaNa una doSoM se nivRtta hone ke lie pratikramaNa karatA hai| vastutaH pUrvakRta zubha-azubha karmoM se apane ko alaga karanA pratikramaNa hai| sAmAnya rUpa se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jina pravRttiyoM se sAdhaka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra rUpa vibhAva meM calA jAtA hai, unase lauTakara punaH svabhAva meM AnA pratikramaNa hai| ___kAla kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa ke pAMca prakAra batalAe gae haiM" - 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA 914 2....vahI, gAthA 163..... 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26 / 8 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 172 .5. (ka) mUlAcAra, gAthA 175 (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 116, 175-: :.., . . .

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vibhinna sampradAryoM ko zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 191 (1) devasika (dina ke anta meM kiyA jAne vAlA pratikramaNa), (2) rAtrika (rAtri ke anta meM kiyA jAne vAlA pratikramaga), (3) pAkSika (pakSa-pandraha dina pazcAt kiyA jAne vAlA pratikramaNa), (4) cAturmAsika (cAturmAsa ke pazcAt kiyA jAne vAlA pratikramaNa), (5) sAMvatsarika (varSa ke anta meM kiyA jAne vAlA prtikrmnn)| inake sAtha-sAtha IryApathika pratikramaNa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yahAM yaha jijJAsA kI jA sakatI hai ki jaba zramaNa pratidina prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla pratikramaNa kara letA hai to pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvassarika pratikramaNa ko kyA AvazyakatA raha jAtI hai ? isa jijJAsA ke samAdhAna meM hama kahanA cAheMge ki yaha sahI hai ki pratidina prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla pratikramaNa karake sAdhaka apane doSoM se nivRtta ho jAtA hai phira bhI yadi kahIM koI.asAvadhAnI raha gaI ho to pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura . sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karake vaha apane doSoM se nivRtta hotA hai| parva ke dinoM meM pratikramaNa karane kA yaha kathana pratikramaNa ko upayogitA ko ho spaSTa karatA hai| zramaNa ko zubha-azubha karmoM se sadeva vilaga karane ke lie ho kAla kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa ke itane bheda kiye gae haiN| digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM pratikramaNa ko SaDAvazyaka ke antargata mAnA hai, isI se isakI mahattA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yadyapi pratikramaNa ko zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM nahIM . ginA gayA hai tathApi isa paramparA ke zramaNa bhI pratikramaNa ko mUlaguNoM ke tulya hI mAnate haiM tathA usI anusAra pratikramaNa karate bhI haiN| ' aticAroM kI AlocanA karane ke lie zramaNa guru ke samakSa vinaya sahita apanA aparAdha nivedana karatA hai tathA "micchAmi dukkaDaM" rUpa pratikramaNa pATha kA uccAraNa karake jJAta-ajJAta samasta doSoM se apane ko vilaga karatA hai| pracalana meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM kI pratikramaNa vidhi bho bhinna-bhinna hai isalie usakI avadhi meM bhI antara hai / pratikramaNa ko vidhi evaM avadhi meM antara bhale ho ho, kintu vastutaH donoM paramparAoM ke zramaNa apane doSoM se nivRtta hone ke lie hI pratikramaNa karate haiN| .. 1. icchAmi gami kAussagaM jo me devasio aiyAro....... ........."samaNANaM jogANaM jaM khaMDiyaM jaM virAhiyaM tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM / . .. -AvazyakasUtra, sAmAyika adhyayana, pR0 10-11 :

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192 binadharma ke sammamaya samAdhimaraNa : ___ zramaNa jIvana kA antima lakSya samadhimaraNapUrvaka mRtyu grahaNa karanA hai / jIvana kI antima velA meM zramaNa dvArA samabhAvapUrvaka jo mRtyu grahaNa kI jAtI hai, vaha samAdhimaraNa hai| samAdhimaraNa, yAvajjIvana evaM etverika-ina do rUpoM meM grahaNa kI jAtI hai| yAvajjIvana kA artha jIvana paryanta ke lie tathA etvarika kA artha kisI kA vizeSa ke lie hai| jaina dharma meM samAdhimaraNa ko atyanta AdarapUrNa sthAna milA hai| pratyeka jaina matAvalambI cAhe vaha zramaNa ho yA zrAvaka, samAdhimaraNa prApta karane kI icchA rakhatA hai| jaina granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA vyakti kevalya yA nirvANa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| paM0 AzApara ne sAgAravamita meM spaSTa kahA hai ki samAdhimaraNa triratna prApti kA sAdhana hai|' jaina paramparA meM triratna ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana kahA hai| zramaNa varga ko sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati moha evaM mamatva nahIM hotA hai isalie ve samatva kI sAdhanA karake samAdhimaraNe vrata ko pUrNa kara lete haiM, kyoMki kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa vahI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, jisake kaSAya atyalya hoN| vyakti kA sabase jyAdA mamatva apane zarIra ke prati hI hotA hai aura samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA meM vyakti apane isI mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai| zarIra ke prati mamatva kA tyAga kara dene se vaha rAga-dveSa se mukta ho jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta hone ke kAraNa vaha sAMsArika bandhana meM nahIM par3atA hai, apitu nilipta bhAva se apane samIpa Ane vAlI mRtyu kA svAgata karatA hai| isa taraha bhaya rahita hokara sAdhaka mRtyu ko baraNa karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI sAmAnya vidhi zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM samAna hai / donoM paramparAoM kA mAnanA hai ki samAdhimaraNa lene vAlA sAdhaka kisI zAnta sthAna para jIvoM se rahita bhUmi para upalabdha saMstAraka ko bichAkara usa para AsIna hokara ekAgracitta se dhyAna karate hue Ane vAlI mRtyu kI pratIkSA karatA hai, usa samaya usake mana meM kisI taraha kA pramAda nahIM hotA hai / donoM paramparAoM meM bAraha varSIya samAdhimaraNa vrata 1. gAra pArmAmRta, 528

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 193 grahaNa karane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, ina bAraha varSoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAlA sAdhaka kisa prakAra kI sAdhanA karatA hai, kaise vaha apanA samaya bItAtA hai, ityAdi bAtoM ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM kucha antara hai| yaha carcA hamane apanI pustaka "mahApaccakkhANa-paiNNayaM" ko bhUmikA meM kucha vistArapUrvaka kI hai|' ___ zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra bAraha varSa ke pahale cAra varSoM meM vyakti dugdha Adi vikRtiyoM (rasoM) kA tyAga karatA hai tathA dUsare cAra varSoM meM vaha vividha prakAra ke tapa karatA hai, phira do varSoM taka vaha ekAntara tapa karatA hai| gyArahaveM varSa ke pahale chaH mahinoM taka koI bhI ativiziSTa tapa (telA Adi) karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, tatpazcAt bAda ke chaH mahanoM meM ativiziSTa tapa karane ko kahA hai athavA isa pUre varSa meM AyaMbila tapa karane ko kahA gayA hai| bArahaveM varSa meM pUre varSa taka koTi-sahita arthAt nirantara AcAmla-Ayambila karake phira muni ko pakSa yA eka mAha kA nirAhAra tapa-anazana karane ko kahA hai| digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bAraha varSIya samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane kA kathana isa prakAra ullikhita hai-pahale cAra varSa nAnA prakAra ke tapa karake kAya-kleSoM ko alpa karake bitAnA / tathA dUsare cAra varSoM meM bhojana meM samasta prakAra ke rasoM kA tyAga karanA / zeSa cAra varSoM meM do varSa kAMjI aura rasa vyaMjanoM se rahita bhojana karanA tathA bAda ke do varSoM meM eka varSa kevala kA~jo AhAra lenA aura bArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaH mahIne madhyama tapa tathA antima chaH mahIne utkRSTa tapa karake samaya vyatIta karanA caahie| . donoM granthoM meM mukhya antara isa prakAra hai-uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pahale cAra varSoM meM sarasa bhojana ke tyAga kA nirdeza hai, vahIM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kAya-kleSoM ko alpa karane kA nirdeza hai| dUsare cAra varSoM meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM vividha prakAra ke tapa karane kA nirdeza hai, jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM rasa rahita bhojana lene kA nirdeza hai| bAda ke do varSoM meM jahA~ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ekAntara tapa karane kA nirdeza hai, vahIM bhagavatI 1. sisodiyA, sureza-mahApaccakkhANapaiNNayaM, bhUmikA pRSTha 6-7 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 252-255 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 254-256

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194 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ArAdhanA meM kAMjI yA rUkSa bhojana lene kA hI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| punaH gyArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaH mahInoM ke liye uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bele yA upavAsa tathA bAda ke chaH mahInoM meM utkRSTa tapa Adi karane kA nirdeza hai, jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isa taraha kA vibhAjana nahIM karake vahA~ sIdhe-sIdhe gyArahaveM varSa kI pUrNa avadhi meM kAMjI AhAra lene kA nirdeza hai| bArahaveM varSa ke liye uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM AhAra kama karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai lekina bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bArahaveM varSa ke prathama cha: mahInoM meM madhyama tapa evaM antima chaH mahInoM meM utkRSTa tapa karane kA nirdeza hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA tathA bhagavato ArAdhanA digambara paramparA kA mAnya grantha hai, ataH samAdhikaraNa kA jo antara ina donoM granthoM meM ullikhita hai, use zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA kA isa viSayaka mukhya antara mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| .. prAcIna jaina Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa ke tona bhedoM kA varNana milatA hai-(1) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, (2). iMgitamaraNa aura (3) prAyopagamaNa yA pAdopagamaNa maraNa / samAdhimaraNa kA yaha bheda sAdhaka kI sAdhanA ko lekara kiyA gayA hai| mokSa to tInoM se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahAM taka zreSThatA ko bAta hai to bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa ko zreSTha, iMgitamaraNa ko zreSThatara aura prAyopagamanamaraNa ko zreSThatama kahA jA sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa na to jovana se palAyana hai aura na hI AtmahatyA hai, apitu yaha mRtyu ke AliGgana ko eka kalA hai aura jisane yaha kalA nahIM sIkhI, usakA jIvana sArthaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| prastuta vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM zramaNa ke vividha guNoM ko lekara kucha bhinnatA avazya rahI hai, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki donoM ho paramparAoM ke zramaNAcAra meM pAMca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / sAtha hI donoM paramparAoM meM svAdhyAya dhyAna aura tapa zramaNa jIvana ke abhinna aMga mAne gaye haiN| yadyapi vartamAna --- 1. AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 88 / 230-253 2. rajjana kumAra jaina dharma meM samAdhimaraNa ko avadhAraNA ( zodha prabandha ), pR0 211-212

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zramaNAcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 195 meM deza aura kAla ke AdhAra para adhikAMza sampradAyoM ke zramaNoM ne apane AcAra-niyamoM meM vyApaka parivartana kara lie haiM, tathApi kucha sampradAya abhI bhI aise haiM jo yathAsambhava zAstrasammata AcAra-niyamoM kA hI pAlana kara rahe haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paraMparAeM vastutaH zramaNAcAra ke mAdhyama se eka Adarza vyaktitva kA vikAsa karanA cAhatI haiN|

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SaSThama adhyAya vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ Agama granthoM meM sAdhakoM ko unakI yogyatA ke AdhAra para aMmaNa aura zrAvaka-ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa kI sAdhanA utkRSTa mAnI gayI hai, kyoMki vaha sAMsArika bandhanoM se pUrNataH mukta hotA hai tathA hiMsA, parigraha Adi kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai, kintu zrAvaka sAMsArika bandhanoM se pUrNataH mukta nahIM hotA hai isalie vaha hiMsA, parigraha Adi kA pUrNa tyAga nahIM kara pAtA hai| inhIM kAraNoM se zrAvaka sAdhanA zramaNa sAdhanA kI apekSA kucha kama utkRSTa mAnI gayI hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM gRhastha ke lie zrAvaka', zramaNopAsaka', upAsaka, agAra tathA sAgAra Adi zabdoM kA prayoga 1. (ka) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 5 / 4 / 26 (2), (kha) uvAsagadasAyo, 2292 (ga) sthAnAMgaTIkA, patra 272, (gha) dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi, patra, 35. (Ga) anuyogadvAra TIkA, patra 27, (ca) vasunandizrAvakAcAra, zloka 301 (cha) dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 13 // 34 // 5, (ja) niyamasAra, gAthA 134 (jha) darzanapAhuDa, gAthA 27, (na) cAritrapAhuDa, gAthA 27 (Ta) bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 143, (8) pravacanasAra, cAritra adhikAra, gAthA 50 2. (ka) vyAkhyAprazaptisUtra, 7 / 118, (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 / 3 / 428 (ga) samavAyAMgasUtra, 1171, (gha) jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 5 / 29 (Ga) uvAsagadasAo, 1170, (ca) antagaDadasAo-vyAkhyAtA AcArya nAneza, sUtra, 6 / 3 / 82 3. (ka) samavAyAMgasUtra, 11/71, (kha) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra 2 / 4 / 26 (2), (ga) uvAsagadasAo, 1/70 4. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 1/91 / 47, (kha) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 111119 (ga) sthAnAMgasUtra, 231/107, (gha) uvAsagadasAo, 11 5. (ka) AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 9 / 46, (kha) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 7 / 2 / 7

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 197 huA hai| AgamoM meM zrAvikA' aura zramaNopAsikA zabdoM kA prayoga ta huA hai, kintu unake AcAra-niyamoM ko svatantra carcA nahIM haI hai| zrAvakAcAra kA vivecana karane vAle sabhI granthoM meM zrAvikA ke AcAra ko carcA zrAvakAcAra ke antargata ho kI gaI hai, kyoMki zrAvaka aura zrAvikA kA AcAra samAna mAnA gayA hai| 'zrAvaka kA artha : "zruNoti gurvAdibhyo dharma iti zrAvakaH" arthAt jo guruoM se dharma sunatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| zrAvaka ke ghara janma lene mAtra se koI zrAvaka nahIM bana jAtA hai, apitu zrAvaka vrata grahaNa karane vAlA hI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha sAgAra dharmAmRta meM dAna-pUjA karane vAle gRhastha ko zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| zrAvakaprajJapti meM kahA hai ki jo samyaktvI pratidina sAdhuoM se samyak darzana Adi samAcArI ko sunatA hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se zrAvaka hai / zrAvaka kI pahacAna : yaha jijJAsA kI jA sakatI hai ki zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ko pahacAna kaise kI jAe ? samAdhAna meM hama kahanA cAheMge ki eka to zramaNa paMca mahAvratoM kI ArAdhanA samagratayA karatA hai jabaki gRhastha unakA pAlana aMzataH karatA hai, isalie. zramaNa ke vyavahAra ko dekhakara hI yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki yaha zramaNa hai aura dUsare zramaNa liGga (veza ) gRhasthaliGga se bhinna hotA hai / zramaNa ke veza Adi se kisI sImA taka yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki yaha zramaNa jainadharma ke kisa sampradAya kA hai ? kintu iso rUpa meM zrAvaka kI pahacAna karanA sahaja nahIM hai| yadyapi kucha samaya pUrva taka zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka evaM digambara bIsapaMthI sampradAya ke zrAvaka sAmAnyatayA lalATa para tilaka lagAte the, lekina aba unameM bhI yaha (ga) pacAMzakaprakaraNa TIkA, patra 153, (gha) samayasAra, gAthA 411 / (Ga) pravacanasAra, jJeya adhikAra, gAthA 102 tathA cAritra adhikAra, ___ gAthA 75 (ca) cAritrapAhuDa, gAthA 22 1. vyAkhyAprajJaptisatra, 5 / 4 / 26 (2) 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 // 3 // 429 3. sAgAradharmAmRta, 1115 4. zrAvakaprajJapti, gAthA 2

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198 : jainadharma ke sampradAya paramparA samApta prAyaH ho gaI hai| isalie isa AdhAra para bhI zrAvaka kI pahacAna nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| zrAvaka kI pahacAna usake AcaraNa se hI ho sakatI hai| vastutaH zrAvaka vahI hai jo zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karatA hai| zrAvakAcAra: ___ zrAvaka, zramaNopAsaka, upAsaka, agAra, sAgAra athavA gRhastha Adi kucha bhI nAma deM, ye jina AcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana karate haiM, ve AcAraniyama hI zrAvakAcAra kahalAte haiN| zrAvakAcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAle kaI grantha haiM, jinameM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM evaM unake aticAroM kA athavA gyArahapratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu una sabhI granthoM ke AdhAra para yahAM vivecana prastuta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / isalie hamane yahA~ zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke kucha pratinidhi granthoM ke AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra sambandhI zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatA ko prastuta kiyA hai| AgamoM meM zrAvakAcAra: ___sthAnAMgasatra meM zrAvaka ke tona manorathoM evaM pAMca aNuvratoM kA ullekha huA hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA ullekha nahIM karake usakI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|3 upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM mahAvIrakAlIna dasa zrAvakoM kA ullekha karate hue pA~ca aNuvrata, sAta zikSAvrata, gyAraha pratimAe~, saMlekhanA Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vipAkasUtra meM pA~ca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvrata rUpa bAraha prakAra ke gRhastha dharma kA ullekha huA hai|" dazAzrutaskandha meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha hai tathA AvazyakasUtra meM SaDAvazyakoM ke sAtha-sAtha pratikramaNa ke antargata zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke aticAroM kA bhI varNana huA hai| 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3 / 4 / 497 2. vahI, 5 / 112 3. samavAyAMgasUtra, 1171 4. uvAsagadasAo 1112-57 5. vipAkasUtra, 2016 6. dazAzrutaskandha 6 / 1-2 7. AvazyakasUtra-muni puNyavijaya, AzvAsa 6

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 199 isake atirikta zrAvakAcAra ke vividha pahaluoM kA vivecana zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra kI sAvayapaNNatti tathA dharmabindu meM, jinezvarasarike SaDasthAnaprakaraNa meM, zAntisUri ke dharmaratnaprakaraNa meM, devendrasUri ke SaDajIvakalpa meM, jinamaMDanagaNi ke zrAddhaguNavivaraNa meM, ratnazekhara ko zrAddhavidhi meM aura umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM milatA hai tathA digambara paraMparA meM yaha vivecana kundakunda ke cAritrapAhaDa meM, kArtikeya ko kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM, samantabhadra ke ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM, jinasena ke Adi purANa meM, somadeva ke upAsakAdhyayana meM, amRtacandra ke puruSArthasiddhaya pAya meM, vasunandi ke vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM, amitagati ke amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM, paMDita AzAdhara ke sAgAra dharmAmRta Adi granthoM meM huA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zrAvaka ke lie pA~ca aNuvrata, tona guNavata, cAra zikSAvrata, gyAraha pratimAe~ tathA chaH Avazyaka karmoM kA vidhA kiyA gayA hai| aNuvrataH ___ahiMsA Adi pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana jaba pUrNa rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai to ye mahAvrata kahalAte haiM aura jaba ina vratoM kA pAlana AMzika rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai to ye aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra' tathA upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sthUlaprANAtipAta viramaNa, sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa, sthUla-adattAdAna viramaNa, svadArasaMtoSa tathA icchAvidhiparimANa-ina pA~ca aNuvratoM kA ullekha haA hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM hiMsA Adi se alpa aMza meM virati honA aNuvrata mAnA hai| bhagavato ArAdhanA meM prANavadha, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, paradAragamana tathA amaryAdita icchA (parigraha) se virata honA aNuvrata mAnA hai| samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM sthUlaprANAtipAtavyuparamaNa, sthUlavitathavyAhAravyuparamaNa, sthUlasteyavyuparamaNa, sthUlakAmavyuparamaNa aura 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 5 / 112 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1113-17 3. tattvArthasUtra, 72 4. bhagavatI ArAghunA, gAthA 2074

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200 : jainadharma ke sampradAya sthalamurchAvyuparamaNa ko aNuvrata mAnA hai|' haribhadra ne zrAvakaprajJapti meM sthalaprANivadha Adi se virata rahane ko aNuvrata mAnA hai| AcArya jinasena ne mahApurANa meM sthUla hiMsA Adi doSoM se virata hone ko aNuvrata kahA hai| vasunandi ne vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM sthUlaprANAtipAta Adi se virata hone ko aNuvrata mAnA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne cAritrapAhuDa meM aNuvratoM ko isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA haiM'-(1) sthUla trasakAya vadha parihAra, (2) sthUla mRSAvAda parihAra, (3) sthUla adatta parihAra, . (4) paramahilA parihAra aura (5) parigraha-Arambha primaann| .. jaina AgamoM evaM uttaravartI granthoM meM vividha AcAryoM ne aNuvratoM ke svarUpa kA jo varNana kiyA hai, unake kathana ko zailI meM bhinnatA avazya hai, kintu sabhI AcAryoM ne hiMsA Adi pAMca pApoM ke AMzika tyAga ko aNuvrata mAnA hai / aNuvrata mUlataH to pAMca hI mAne gaye haiM, kintu digambara paraMparA ke mAnya grantha cAritrasAra meM rAtri bhojana-tyAga ko zrAvaka kA chaThA aNuvrata mAnA gayA hai| sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM yadyapi rAtri bhojana tyAga kI gaNanA chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa nahIM kI gaI hai, kintu vahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA vrata kI 'Alokita bhojanapAna' bhAvanA meM rAtribhojana viramaNa vrata kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / pAMca aNuvrata evaM aticAra : 1. sthUlaprANAtipAta viramaNavrata___ ahiMsA aNuvrata nAma bhI iso vrata kA hai| jovanaparyanta ke lie do karaNa (kRta va kArita), tIna yoga ( mana vacana evaM kAyA) se sthUla hiMsA kA tyAga karanA zrAvaka kA sthUlaprANAtipAta viramaNa vrata hai|' 1. ralakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 36 2. zrAvakaprazapti, 106 3. mahApurANa, 39 / 4 4. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, zloka 208 5. cAritrapAhuDa, gAthA 24 6. "paMcadhA'NuvrataM rAjyabhuktiH SaSThamaNuvrataM / " cAritrasAra, 13 // 3 7. savArthasibiTIkA, 71 8. (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, 5 / 1 / 2 (kha) uvAsagadasAo, 1 / 13

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 201 zrAvaka ahiMsA aNuvrata kA pAlana karane hetu yathAzakti zuddha pravRtti karatA hai, kintu gRhasthAvasthA meM rahane ke kAraNa jJAta-ajJAta rUpa meM usase AMzika rUpa meM isa vrata kA ullaMghana ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| vrata meM pUrNa pravRtti na hone ke kAraNa zrAvaka ko yaha bhUmikA sthUla arthAt AMzika tyAga kI kahI gaI hai / isa vrata kA pAlana karate hue zrAvaka niraparAdha asa evaM sthAvara jovoM kI hiMsA kA mana, vacana evaM kAyApUrvaka tyAga karatA hai| zrAvaka apane vyAvasAyika evaM pArivArika dAyitvoM se pUrNataH mukta nahIM hotA hai, ataH usake vratArAdhana meM atikrama, vyatikrama, aticAra yA anAcAra kI sambhAvanA rahato hai, isalie zrAvaka ke ahiMsAvata ko sthUla "prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata kahA gayA hai / aticAra: anabhijJatA meM vrata meM kahIM skhalanA ho jAtI hai to use aticAra kahA jAtA hai| AcAryoM ne pratyeka vrata ke pAMca-pAMca aticAra kahe haiM, "jinheM jAnanA cAhie, parantu AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| - upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sthUlaprANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata ke pAMca aticAra-baMdha, vadha, chaviccheda, atibhAra, aura bhatapAnaviccheda kahe haiN|' tattvArthasUtra meM baMdha, vadha, viccheda atibhArAropaNa tathA annapAnanirodha ahiMsA aNuvrata ke aticAra mAne gaye haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM chedana, bandhana, pIr3ana, atibhArAropaNa aura AhAravAraNa ko aticAra batAyA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM bandha, vadha, cheda, atibhArAropaNa aura bhuktinirodha ahiMsANuvrata ke aticAra mAne gyehaiN| isake alAvA AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM tathA AcArya amitagati ne amitagatizrAvakAcAra.. 1. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagassa pANAivAyaveramaNassa samaNovAsaegaM paMca ai yArA peyAlA jANiyavyA na samAriyamvA / taMjahA-baMdhe, vahe, chavicchee, aibhAre, bhtt-paan-vocche|" -uvAsa gadasAmao, 1145 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 20 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 338 4. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 4115

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202 : jainadharma ke sampradAya meM ahiMsANuvrata ke jo pA~ca aticAra batAe haiM, ve inhIM arthoM meM haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki sthala prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAroM ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| 2. sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNavrata upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM asatya vyavahAra se virata hone ko sthUlamRSAvAda viramaNa kahA hai| prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM mRSAvAda evaM alIkavacana ko hI asatya kahA hai, kintu AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM "asadabhidhAnamanRtam" zabda kA kathana karake spaSTa kahA hai ki aisA koI bhI vacana jisase prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahuMcato ho, cAhe vaha satya ho yA jhUTha, asatya kahalAtA hai| unake anusAra jova rakSA ke lie bolA gayA asatya vacana bhI asatya nahIM hai| gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue kabhI svArthavaza, kabhI dveSavaza aura kabhI vyApAra ke nimitta zrAvaka ke dvArA jo kathaMcita asatya vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, vaha aticAra hai| aticAra: . upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa vrata ke pAMca aticAra isaprakAra kahe gae haiM-sahasAbhyAkhyAna, rahasyAbhyAkhyAna, svadAramantrabheda, mRSopadeza aura kUTalekhakaraNa / tattvArthasUtra meM mithyopadeza, rahasyaabhyAkhyAna, kUTalekhakriyA, nyAsApahAra aura sAkAra-mantra bheda isa vrata ke aticAra mAne gaye haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM parivAda, rahasyaabhyAkhyAna, paizunya, kUTalekhakaraNa aura nyAsApahAra ko satyANuvrata ke aticAra kahA gayA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM mithyA upadeza, rahasya-abhyA 1. (ka) puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 183 (kha) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7 / 3 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1314 3. tattvArthasUtra, 79 4. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagassa musAvAyaveramaNassa paMca aiyArA jANiyabvA na samAriyavvA / taM jahA-sahasA-abbhakkhANe, rahasA-abbhakkhANe, sadAramaMtabhee, mosAvaese, kUDalehakaraNe / " -uvAsagadasAo 1146. 5. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 21 6. ralakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 10

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 203 khyAna, kUTalekha kriyA, nyAstAMzavismatranujJA aura mantrabheda-ye pAMca aticAra mAne haiN|' sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata ke jo pAMca aticAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM batalAye gaye haiM, unhIM kA anusaraNa umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM kiyA hai kintu unhoMne sahasAnyAkhyAna ke sthAna para nyAsApahAra ko isa vrata kA aticAra mAnA hai| samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM satyANuvrata ke aticAroM meM parivAda aura pezunya ina do naye aticAroM kA samAveza karake mithyopadeza tathA sAkAra-mantra bheda aticAra ko chor3a diyA hai| isa prakAra sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata ke aticAroM meM AMzika bhinnatA hai| 3. sthUla avattAvAna viramaNa vrata : zrAvaka kA yaha vrata asteya yA acauryavrata ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| "adatta" kA artha hai-binA dI gaI, "AdAna" kA artha hai-grahaNa karanA, isa prakAra binA do huI vastu ko grahaNa karanA "adattAdAna" hai / zrAvaka binA dI huI vastu ko sthUla rUpa se grahaNa nahIM karane ke kAraNa adattAdAna viramaNa vrata kA pAlaka kahalAtA hai| upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM kahA hai-adattAdAna viramaNa vratadhArI zrAvaka jIvanaparyanta do karaNa, tIna yoga se adattAdAna kA sevana nahIM karatA hai / 2 umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM asteya aNuvrata ke lie "adattAdAnaM steyaM" zabda prayukta karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki steyabuddhi se arthAt corI karane ke abhiprAya se vastu ko grahaNa karanA adattAdAna hai| AvazyakasUtra meM zrAvaka ko sacitta aura acitta donoM prakAra ke adattAdAna kA tyAga karane ko preraNA dI gaI hai| zrAvakAcAra kI bhUmikA meM rahane vAlA zrAvaka pAMca prakAra ke aticAroM kA nivAraNa karatA huA sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| aticAra: sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM / 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4 / 45 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1315 3. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 10 4. AvazyakasUtra, 3

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204 : jainadharma ke sampradAya upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM stenAhRta, taskaraprayoga, viruddha rAjyAtikrama, kUTatulA kUTamANa aura tatpratirUpakavyavahAra ko isa vrata ke aticAra mAne haiN|' tattvArthasUtra meM stenaprayoga, stena-AhRtAdAna, viruddharAjyAtikrama, hInAdhika mAnonmAna aura pratirUpakavyavahAra ko asteya aNuvrata ke aticAra ginAye haiN|2 samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM viruddharAjyAtikrama ke sthAna para vilopa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu usakA bhI phalitArtha rAjakIya kAnUna kA ullaMghana karanA hI hai| somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana meM satyANuvrata se pahale acauryANuvrata kI carcA ko hai tathA bATa tarAja kA kamatI-bar3hatI rakhanA, corI kA upAya batalAnA, coro kA mAla kharIdanA, deza meM yuddha chir3a jAne para padArthoM kA saMgraha karake rakhanA-ye acauryANuvrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki asteyavrata ke aticAroM ko lekara AcArya somadeva kA dRSTikoNa anya AcAryoM se kucha bhinna hai| 4. svadArasaMtoSa parimANavata: dhAvaka kA yaha vrata brahmacarya aNuvrata ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 'zrAvaka apane AcaraNa karane yogya niyamoM ko dhyAna meM rakhatA huA yaha vrata bhI grahaNa karatA hai ki maiM apanI vivAhitA patnI ke atirikta anya kisI strI ke sAtha kisI taraha kA maithuna sambandha nahIM rakhUgA / svadAra-satoSa parimANa vrata grahaNa karane se zrAvaka kAmavAsanA se pUrNa nivRtta to nahIM ho jAtA hai, kintu saMyamita avazya hotA hai| zrAvaka aura zrAvikA donoM hI isa vrata ko. grahaNa karake apane dharma kA nirvAha karate haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra", sAgAradharmAmRta, sarvArthasiddhi tathA 1. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagassa adiNNAdAnaveramaNassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAriyavvA / taM jahA-teNAhaDe, taskarappaoge, viruddha rajjAikkame, kUDatulla-kUDamANe, tppddiruuvgvvhaare|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1147 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 21 3. ralakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3212 4. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 370 5. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3313 6. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4 / 52 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 7 / 20

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandho mAnyatAeM : 205: kArtikeyAnuprekSA' Adi granthoM meM parastrI ke sAtha maithuna sambandha nahIM rakhanA brahmacarya-aNuvrata mAnA hai, kintu somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana meM vivAhitA strI aura vezyA ke alAvA anya striyoM ko mAtA, bahina yA putrI mAnanA brahmacaryANuvrata mAnA hai| AcArya somadeva kA yaha kathana akAraNa nahIM hai| vastutaH isa vrata ke lie svadArasaMtoSa aura paradAra-- nivRtti donoM zabda prayukta hue haiN| svadArasaMtoSa kA artha to apanI patnI meM ho santuSTa rahanA hai kintu somadeva jaise AcAryoM ne paradAranivRtti kA zAbdika artha dUsaroM kI patnI se nivRtta rahanA kiyA hai / isI kAraNa unhoMne vezyAe~ athavA kharIdI gaI strI ke sAtha maithuna sambandha rakhane ko isa vrata kA niSedha nahIM mAnA hai kintu yaha artha isa vrata ko mUla bhAvanA ke anukUla nahIM hai isalie apanI patnI ke atirikta anya kisI strI ke sAtha kisI taraha kA maithuna sambandha nahIM rakhanA ho svadArasaMtoSavrata mAnA jAtA hai| paradAranivRtti zabda ko bhI isI artha meM samajhanA caahie| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM sthUla brahmacArI ke lie aSTamI,. caturdazI Adi parva ke dinoM meM strIsevana tathA anaMgakrIr3A kA sadaiva tyAga karane kA jo kathana kiyA hai, vaha zrAvaka kI kAma-vAsanA ko saMyamita karane ke lie ho hai| aticAra: svadArasantoSa parimANa vrata ke pAMca aticAra batAye gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM itvariparigrahotAgamana; aparigrahotAgamana, anaMgakoDA, para-vivAhakaraNa tathA kAmabhogatIvrAbhilASA-ye pAMca aticAra mAne haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM paravivAhakaraNa, itvariparigrahotAgamana, aparigrahotAgamana, 1. kAttikeyAnuprekSA, 338 2. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 405 3. "pavvesu itthisevA aNaMgakoDA sayA vivjjto| thUlayabaMbhayArI jiNehi bhaNimao pavayaNammi // " -vasunandizrAvakAcAra, zloka 212 4. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaMsadAra-santosie paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAriyavvA / taM jahA-ittariyapariggahiyAgamaNe, appariggahiyAgamaNe, aNaMgakIDA, paravivAhakaraNe, kAmabhogatigvAbhilAse / " -uvAsapadasAmao 148

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206 : jainadharma ke sampradAya anaMgakrIDA aura tIvrakAmAbhiniveza-ye pAMca aticAra ginAeM haiN|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM anya vivAhakaraNa, anaMgakrIDA, viTatva, vipula taSNA aura itvarikAgamana ko brahmacarya aNuvrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana meM parastrI saMgama aura kaitavya ye do aticAra 'bhinna batalAye haiN| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isa vrata ke aticAroM ke nAma evaM krama meM AMzika bhinnatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa kucha arthabheda bho dRSTigocara hotA hai| upAsakadazAMga meM jahAM pahalA aticAra itvariparigRhotAgamana hai vahA~ tattvArthasUtra meM paravivAhakaraNa hai| paravivAhakaraNa upAsakadazAMga meM cauthe nambara para hai / paravivAhakaraNa ko samantabhadra ne anyavivAhakaraNa aura somadeva ne parastrI saMgama kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM brahmacaryavrata ke cauthe aticAra meM viTatva kA prayoga karake. zArIrika kuceSTAoM tathA azlola aura bhadde vacanoM ke prayoga ko bhI aticAra mAnA gayA hai| upAsakAdhyayana meM viTatva ke sthAna para ketavya zabda kA prayoga karake jhUTha, dhokhA aura jAlasAjo ko bho isa vrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| aticAroM ke kathana meM zAbdika samAnatA bhale na raho ho, kintu kAmavAsanA ke saMyama kI mUla bhAvanA meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne pAMca-pAMca aticAroM kA kathana karake yahI batalAyA hai ki inase bace rahakara hI nirdoSa brahmacarya kA paripAlama ho sakatA hai| 5. icchAvidhi parimANa prata : zrAvaka kA yaha vrata aparigraha aNuvrata ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| zramaNa kI taraha zrAvaka ke lie parigraha kA pUrNa tyAga karanA sambhava nahIM hai / gRhasthAvasthA meM rahane ke kAraNa zrAkka apane evaM apane parivAra ke bharaNapoSaNa, baccoM ko zikSA, svAsthya evaM samAja meM mAna-maryAdA tathA atithisatkAra evaM zramaNoM ke grahaNa karane yogya upakaraNoM ko juTAne hetu parigraha avazya karatA hai, kintu isa vrata ko grahaNa karake zrAvaka apanI maryAdA aura sthiti ke anusAra icchAoM ko sImita karane kA 1. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 23 2. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 14 3. upAsakAdhyayana, loka 48

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zrAvakAcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM : 207 saMkalpa letA hai| vividha pranthoM meM aisA ullekha hai ki isa vrata ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka kheta, vastu, dhana-dhAnya, sonA, cAMdI, dvipada, catuSpaka, gRhasAmagrI Adi kI sImA nirdhArita kara letA hai|' - aticAra: anya vratoM kI taraha icchAvidhi parimANa vrata ke bho pAMca aticAra batalAe gae haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kSetravastu-pramANa atikrama, hiraNya. svarNa-pramANa atikrama, dvipada catuSpada-pramANa atikrama, dhana-dhAnya pramANa atikrama aura kupya-pramANa atikrama ko isa vrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| -tattvArthasUtra meM dvipada-catuSpada pramANa atikrama nahIM kahakara dAso-dAsa pramANa atikrama kahA gayA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM ativAhana, atisaMgraha, vismaya, lobha aura atibhAra vAhana ko isa vrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| sAgAradharmAmRta meM vAstu-kSetra aticAra, dhana-dhAnya-bandhana . aticAra, kanaka-rUpya dAna aticAra, kupya bhAva aticAra aura gavAdI garbhatAticAra-ye pAMca aticAra aparigraha aNuvrata ke batalAe haiN|" zrAvaka apanI, zakti evaM sAmarthya ke anusAra do karaNa, tIna yoga se ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha rUpa-ina pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| ahiMsA aNuvrata kA pAlana karate hue zrAvaka sthUla "hisA kA, satya aNuvrata kA pAlana karate hue sthUla asatya kA, asteya aNuvrata kA pAlana karate hue sthUla corI kA, brahmacarya aNuvrata kA pAlana karate hue sthUla abrahmacarya kA tathA aparigraha aNuvrata kA pAlana karate hue parigraha kA parimANa karatA hai| pratyeka aNuvrata ke jo pAMca-pAMca aticAra batalAe gae haiM, vivekI zrAvaka unako dhyAna meM rakhatA hai tAki anabhijJatA meM bhI usake kisI vrata meM skhalanA na A jaae| 1. (ka) uvAsagadasAo 1149 (kha) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 315 (ga) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 673 2. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM icchA-parimANassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA, na samAriyamvA / taM jahA-khetta-vatthupamANAikkame, hiraNNa-suvaNNapamANAikkame, dupaya-cauppaya- pamANAikkame, ghaNadhAnnapamANAikkame, kuviyapamANAikkame / " -uvAsagadasAo, 1149 3. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 24 4. ratnakaraNDakabhAvakAcAra, zloka 3316 *5. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4 / 64

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208 : jainadharma ke sampradAya tIna guNavata evaM aticAra : pA~ca aNuvrata zrAvaka ke malavrata haiN| aNuvratoM ke pazcAt zrAvaka tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata dhAraNa karatA hai| ina sAta vratoM ko AcArya amRtacandra ne 'zIlavata' kahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaise parakoTe nagara kI rakSA karate haiM vaise ho zolavata aNuvratoM kI rakSA karate haiN|' paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki jo aNuvratoM meM vizuddhi lAne vAle hoM tathA jo aNuvratoM ke upakAraka hoM, unheM guNavrata kahate haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bAraha prakAra kA agAra dharma batalAte hue: pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata kA ullekha huA hai|' isI grantha meM zrAvaka dharma kI prarUpaNA karate hue guNavatoM aura zikSAvatoM ko saMyukta rUpa se sAta zikSAvrata bhI kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai-digvata, anarthadaNDavrata aura bhogopabhogaparimANavata aSTa mUla, guNoM meM vRddhi karate haiM isalie inako guNavrata kahate haiM / " guNavatoM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai- . 1. vigvata: adhikAMza AcAryoM ne digvata ko guNavrata mAnA hai| zrAvakAcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAle pramukha zvetAmbara grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM 1. "paricaya iva nagarANi vratAni kila pAlayanti zIlAni / " -puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 136 2. "yadguNAyopakArAyANuvratAnAM vratAni tat / " -sAgAra dharmAmRta, 51 3. "agAra dhamma duvAlasavihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA-paMca aNubbayAI, tiNi guNavvayAI, cattAri sikkhaavyaaii|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1111 4. "atthegaiyA paMcANuSvaiyaM sattasikkhAvaiyaM duvAlasavihaM gihidhamma pddivnnnnaa|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1111 5. "digvatamanarthadaNDavataM ca, bhogopbhog-primaannN| anuvRMhaNAd guNAnAmAkhyAnti gunnvrtaanyaaryaaH||" -ratnakaraNDakathAvakAcAra, zloka 321

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 209 digvata kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, kintu usake svarUpa para vistRta prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke TIkAkAra muni ghAsIlAla jI ne digvrata meM pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoM kI maryAdA kara lene ko kahA hai|' AvazyakasUtra meM Urdhva, adho aura tiryaka dizA meM gamanAgamana ke yathAparimANa tyAga ko digvrata kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM sakSma pApoM se mukta hone ke lie dasoM dizAoM kI maryAdA karake jIvanaparyanta usase bAhara nahIM jAne ke saMkalpa ko digvata kahA hai| isI grantha meM AcArya samantabhadra ne dasoM dizAoM meM sthita samudra, nado, pahAr3a, parvata, zahara Adi kI maryAdA nizcita karane ko kahA hai| aticAra AcAryoM ne anya vratoM kI taraha digvata ke bhI pAMca aticAra pratipAdita kiye haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Urdhvadizi-pramANAtikrama, aghodizipramANAtikrama, tiryadizi-pramANAtikrama, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantardhAna ko dizivata ( digvrata ) ke aticAra mAne haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI ye ho pAMca aticAra kahe gaye haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM Urdhva vyatipAta, adho vyatipAta, tiryak vyatipAta, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantardhAna ko digvata ke aticAra kahA hai| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM sImA vismRti, Urdhva vyatikrama, 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-muni ghAsIlAla, pR0 235 2. AvazyakasUtra, 6 3. "digbalayaM parigaNitaM, kRtvAto'haM bahinaM yAsyAmi / iti saGkalpo digvata-mAmRtyaNupApavinivRtyai / " -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 22 .. 4. dasa dizAeM isa prakAra haiM-pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, Urdhva, aSo, . IzAna, Agneya, naiRtya aura vAyavya / ... 5. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 23-24 6. "tayANaMtaraM ca naM disivvayassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAriyaNvA / taM jaddA-uDDhadisimamANA ikkame, aho-disipamANA ikkame, tiriyadisipamANAikkame, khettavuDDhI, siaNtrtaa|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1150 7. tattvArthasatra, 25 8. ralakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3227

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210 : jainadharma ke sampradAya adho vyatikrama, tiryak bhAga vyatikrama aura kSetravRddhi ko divrata ke aticAra mAnA hai|' yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki vibhinna granthoM meM digvata ke jo aticAra batalAe gae haiM unameM kucha meM zabdagata bhinnatA hai aura kahIM-kahIM unake krama meM bhI antara hai, kintu aticAroM ke svarUpa ko lekara koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne vyakti ko gamanAgamana kI vividha dizAoM kI eka nizcita maryAdA nirdhArita karane ko kahA hai tAki usa paridhi ke bAhara hone vAle kAryoM kA doSa use nahIM lge| 2. upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata kisI vastu kA eka bAra upayoga meM AnA upabhoga tathA bAra-bAra upayoga meM AnA paribhoga hai| eka anya dRSTi se kisI vastu kA eka bAra upayoga meM AnA bhoga tathA bAra-bAra AnA upabhoga hai| vastutaH bArabAra bhoge jAne vAle padArthoM ko upabhoga-paribhoga kahA jAtA hai| zrAvaka vividha kriyAoM ko karatA huA bhojana sambandhI aura karma sambandhI upabhoga-paribhoga avazya karatA hai| upabhoga-paribhoga kI vastuoM kI sImA nirdhArita karanA upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata hai| - guNavrata ke vivecana meM AcAryoM kA bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa rahA hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM aura vasunando ne vasUnandizrAvakAcAra meM upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata ko bho zikSAvrata meM rakhA hai, kintu samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM, paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAra dharmAmata meM aura AcArya somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana' meM upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata ko guNavrata ke antargata rakhA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM zrAvaka ke sAtaveM vrata kA nAma upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata hai| kintu digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5 / 5 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 16 3. vasunandidhAvakAcAra, zloka 217 4. ratnakaraNDakathAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 36-39 5. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5 / 13-19 6. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 759-764 7. (ka) uvAsagadasAo, 151 (kha) tatvArthasUtra, 7 / 16 .

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vibhinna sampradAyaryoM ko zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 211 isa vrata kA nAma bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata milatA hai|' nAmagata yaha 'bhinnatA isa vrata ke svarUpa kI bhinnatA nahIM hai| upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata grahaNa karane vAlA zrAvaka jina vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita karatA hai, una vastuoM kA ullekha upAsakadazAMgasUtra, zrAvakapratikramaNasatra sAgAradharmAmRta, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM vistArapUrvaka huA hai|2 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM bhogopabhogaparimANavata kI vidhi bhI batalAI gaI hai|' aticAra upAsakadazAMgasatra meM upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata ke do bheda kiye haiM, eka bhojana sambandhI aura karma sNbNdhii| kintu grantha meM isa vrata ke jo aticAra batAye gaye haiM, ve pAMcoM hI aticAra bhojana saMbaMdhI hI haiM, karma saMbaMdhI nahIM / grantha meM karma saMbaMdhI pAMca aticAroM kA ullekha nahIM karake 15 karmAdAnoM (hiMsaka vyavasAya ) kA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara paramparA ke grantha sAgAra dharmAmRta meM bhI kharaMkarma ke rUpa meM 15 aticAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sacitta AhAra, sacitta pratibaddha AhAra, apakva auSadhi bhakSaNa, duSpakva auSadhi bhakSaNa aura tuccha auSadhi bhakSaNa-ye pAMca aticAra isa vrata ke bhojana saMbaMdhI aticAra mAne haiN| tattvArthasatra meM 1. (ka) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 44 ... (kha) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6 / 93 (ga) yogazAstra, 35 (gha) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 350 2. (ka) uvAsagadasAo, 1122-42 (kha) zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata 7 (ga) sAgAra dharmAmRta 5 / 13-14 .. (gha) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 36-41 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 42-43 4. uvAsagadasAo, 1151 5. vahI, 151 6. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 21-23 .. 7. "tatthaNaM bhoyaNAo samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyanvA na samAriyavyA, ta jahA-sacittAhAre, sacittapaDibaddhAhAre, appaulio sahimakkhaNayA, ... duSpauliosahibhakkhaNayA, tuccho shibhkkhnnyaa|" -uvAsamadasAyo, 1351

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212 : samarma ke sampradAya sacitta mAhAra, sacitta saMbaMddhAhAra, sacitta mizrAhAra, abhiSava AhAra (mAdaka dravya ) aura duSpakva AhAra (viSAkta AhAra) ko isa vrata ke aticAra kahA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM viSayaviSayAnupekSA, anusmRti, atilaulya, atitRSNA aura anyanubhava ko isa vrata ke aticAra batalAyA hai tathA sAgAra dharmAmRta meM sacitta AhAra, sacitta saMbaddhAhAra, sacitta sammizrAhAra, duSpakva AhAra aura abhiSava AhAra ko isa vrata ke aticAra kahA hai| . vividha AcAryoM ne upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata ke jo aticAra batalAye haiM, unameM AMzika bhinnatA hai| 3. anartha daMDaviramaNa vrata jisa kArya ko karane se koI prayojana siddha nahIM hotA ho, apitu kevala pApa kA ho saMcaya hotA ho, aiso kriyA anartha daMDa hai| isa kriyA se bacane ke lie zrAvaka binA prayojana pApamaya kriyAoM ko nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha anartha daMDa viramaNa vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai-digvata meM ko gaI maryAdA ke bhItara prayojanarahita pApabandha ke kAraNa mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se virakta honA anartha daMDa viramaNa vrata hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM anartha daMDa se saMbaMdhita prayojanabhUta pApakarma ke cAra bheda milate haiM-(1) apathyAnAcarita, (2) pramAdAcarita (3) hiMsrapradAna aura (4) pApopadeza / kintu digambara paramparA meM kundakunda sAhitya ke atirikta adhikAMza granthoM meM pApa karma kI pAMca pravRttiyoM ko anarthakArI batalAyA hai| upAsakadazAMga meM varNita cAra pApakarmoM ke atirikta eka anya pApa karma duHzruti bho hai / / 1. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 30 2. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 44 3. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 20 4. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 29 5. (ka) uvAsagadasAo, 1143, (kha) zrAvakapratikramaNa sUtra-aNuvrata 8 (ga). dhAvakaprajJapti, 289 (pa) yogazAstra, 374 6. (ka) ratnakaraNDakathAvakAcAra, zloka 3333 (kha) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 47. (ga) sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 10. (gha) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6181 (ka) puruSArthasiddhadhupAya, 145 (ca) sarvArthasiddhi, 721

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 213 ___ isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM cAra prakAra ke anartha daNDoM kA ullekha hai vahA~ digambara paramparA meM pAMcoM prakAra ke anartha daMDoM kA ullekha huA hai| aticAra : ___ isa vrata ke bhI pAMca aticAra batalAe gae haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, saMyuktAdhikaraNa aura upabhogaparibhogAtireka ko isa vrata kA aticAra mAnA gayA hai|' tattvArthasUtra meM kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, asamokSyAdhikaraNa aura upabhogAdhikatva ko aticAra kahA gayA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, atiprasAdhana aura asamIkSyAdhikaraNa ye pAMca aticAra batalAye haiN| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, asamIkSyAdhikaraNa aura sevyArthAdhikatA ko isa vrata ke aticAra mAnA hai| . vividha AcAryoM ne anarthadaMDa viramaNa vrata ke jo aticAra batalAe haiM unameM prathama tIna aticAra-kandarpa, kautkucya aura maukharya ke nAmoM meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai, kintu zeSa do aticAroM ke nAmoM meM sarvatra AMzika bhinnatA hai| yaha bhinnatA bhI zabdagata hI adhika hai| ina aticAroM meM bhAvagata koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| cAra zikSAvata evaM aticAra : ... zikSA kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa yaha vrata zikSAvata kahalAtA hai| AcAryoM ne zikSA kA artha abhyAsa karate hue kahA hai ki jisake kAraNa abhyAsa meM pravRtti ho, vaha zikSAvrata hai|" aNuvratoM evaM guNavatoM ko ekabAra grahaNa karane ke pazcAt bAra-bAra grahaNa nahIM karane par3ate haiM, ve AjIvana ke liye grahaNa kiye jAte haiM kintu zikSAvratoM ko bAra-bAra abhyAsa 1. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM aNaTThadaMDaveramaNassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANi yavvA, na samAriyavvA, taMjahA-kaMdappe, kukkuie, moharie, saMjuttAhigaraNe, uvbhogpribhogaaiste|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1152 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 27 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 35 4. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 12 15. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 4 / 4, draSTavya, pR0 187

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214 : jainadharma ke sampradAya hetu kAla vizeSa ke liye grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, proSadhopavAsa evaM atithisaMvibhAga ye cAra zikSAvrata mAne gae haiN| inakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai1. sAmAyika vrataH vastutaH sAmAyika se sAvadha yogoM kI nivRtti hotI hai| vastutaH do karaNa, tIna yoga se samasta sAvadyayogoM kA kAla vizeSa taka tyAga. karane kA niyama lenA sAmAyika hai| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai ki ekAnta meM zramaNa ko taraha sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karake apano AtmA kA ho dhyAna karanA dhAvaka kA sAmAyika vrata hai| sAmAyika vrata dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai-isa kAraNa usake sAvadha arthAt pApamaya pravRttiyoM kA tyAga hotA hai| ___sAmAyika kI avadhi eka muhUrta (48 minaTa ) mAno gaI hai| zrAvaka ke lie aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki use pratidina kitano sAmAyika karanI cAhie? zrAvaka apano sAmarthya ke anusAra eka-do yA isase bho adhika sAmAyika karate haiN| sAmAyika karane ke lie kaunasA samaya upayukta hai isa viSaya meM kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai-sAmAyika kA kAla. prAtaH, madhyAhna evaM sAyaMkAla hai| digambara paramparA meM Aja bho trisaMdhyAoM meM sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM aisI koI niyata paramparA nahIM hai| sAmAyika vrata kA abhyAsa karane vAlA zrAvaka samatA bhAva ko dhAraNa kara zAnta evaM nirmala AtmA meM ramaNa karatA hai| lATosaMhitA meM zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa kA cintana karane ko sAmAyika kahA hai| sAgAra. 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28 / 32 2. (ka) zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata 9 (kha) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra , zloka 47 (ga) zrAvakaprajJapti, 293 3. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 28 4. kAtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 354 5. lATIsaMhitA, 5 / 152

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAe~ : 215 dharmAmRta ne vastra bandha paryanta sampUrNa rAga-dveSa aura hiMsA Adi pApoM kA parityAga kara AtmA kA dhyAna karane ko sAmAyika kahA hai|' pracalana meM yahI dekhA gayA hai ki jaina paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke zrAvaka kisI vizeSa Asana meM sthita hokara sAmAyika vrata kI sAdhanA karate haiM kintu kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki paryaGkAsana ko bAMdhakara yA usa para sIdhe khar3e hokara nizcita samaya taka indriyoM ke vyApAra se rahita hokara mana ko ekAgrakara, kAyA ko saMkocakara, hAtha ko aMjali bAMdha lenA aura AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hokara samasta sAvadhayogoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika hai|2 zrAvaka cAhe jisa sampradAya kA ho, vaha sAmAyika kI avasthA meM sAvadha kriyAoM ko tyAga detA haiM tathA mana, vacana aura kAyA kI zuddhi para dhyAna detA hai| sampradAya kI dRSTi se dekheM to antara yaha hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya ke zrAvaka sAmAyika kI avadhi meM mukhavastrikA mukha para dhAraNa karate haiM kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI mUrtipUjaka sampradAya evaM digambara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke zrAvaka sAmAyika karate samaya bhI mukhavastrikA dhAraNa nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki ina sampradAyoM meM to zramaNoM ke lie bhI mukhavastrikA dhAraNa karane kA pracalana nahIM hai| aticAra : ___sAmAyika vrata ke pA~ca aticAra mAne gae haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM manoduSpraNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNidhAna, kAyaduSpraNidhAna, sAmAyika-smRtiakaraNatA aura sAmAyika-anavasthita-karaNatA-ye pA~ca aticAra mAne gae haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM kAyaduSpraNidhAna, vAgduSpraNidhAna, manoduSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna-ye pA~ca aticAra svIkAra kie haiN| ratna 1. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 28 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 354-356 3. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM sAmAiyassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavyA, na samAriyavvA, taM jahA-maNaduppaNihANe, bayaduppaNihANe, kAyaduppaNihANe, sAmAiyassa saiakaraNayA, sAmAiyassa aNavadivyassa krnnyaa| uvAsagadasAo, 1153 4. tattvArthasUtra, 28

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216 : jainadharma ke sampradAya karaNDakazrAvakAcAra meM vAgduSpraNidhAna, kAyaduSpraNidhAna, manoduSpraNi- . dhAna, anAdara aura asmaraNa ko aticAra mAnA haiN|' sAgAra dharmAmata meM smRtyanupasthApana, kAyaduSpraNidhAna, vAgduSpraNidhAna, manoduSpraNidhAna aura anAdara-ye pAMca aticAra sAmAyika vrata ke batalAe haiM / sAmAyika vrata ke ye jo aticAra vividha granthoM meM kahe gae haiM, unako dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki aticAroM ke nAma evaM svarUpa ko lekara kahIM para bhI vizeSa antara nahIM hai, jo bhinnatA hai vaha unake krama ko lekara hI hai, kisI graMtha meM jisa aticAra ko pahale ginA gayA hai, uso aticAra ko dUsare granthoM meM bAda meM gina liyA gayA hai| 2. dezAvakAzika vrata : - digvrata meM grahaNa ko huI maryAdAoM ko aura adhika somita karanA dezAvakAzika vrata hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra tathA kArtikeyAnuprekSA' Adi aneka graMthoM meM vrata ko zikSAvrata meM ginA gayA hai, kintu tattvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, upAsakAdhyayana, amitagatizrAvakAcAra', vasunandizrAvakAcAradeg Adi granthoM meM isa vrata ko guNavatoM meM sthAna milA hai / dezAvakAzika vrata ko cAhe guNavatoM meM sthAna milA ho, cAhe zikSAvratoM meM, isake svarUpa ke sambandha meM AcAryoM meM mata-vaibhinnya nahIM hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka dvArA lobha aura kAma ko ghaTAne ke lie tathA hiMsA Adi samasta pApoM ko chor3ane ke lie varSa Adi kI maryAdA karake digvrata meM grahaNa kie hue dizAoM ke parimANa 1. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4315 2. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 33 3. uvAsagadasAo 1211 4. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 42 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 367-368 6. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 16 7. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 138-140 8. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 449 9. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6178 10. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 215

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vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 217 ko bhI eka divasa Adi ke lie kama karanA dezAvakAzika vrata hai|' lATIsaMhitA meM dezAvakAzika vrata kA kathana karate hue viSaya-bhoga sevana, bhojana aura maithuna ke tyAga para tathA maunavrata dhAraNa karane para bala diyA hai| lATIsaMhitA meM hI isa vrata kA pAlana karane vAle ko ghara, galI, -gA~va, chAvanI, nadI, kSetra, vana Adi kI bhI eka nizcita samaya ke "lie maryAdA karane ko kahA hai| yaha samaya varSa, mAha, pakSa aura nakSatra kisI bhI rUpa meM ho sakatA hai| aticAra : __ pratyeka vrata kI taraha dezAvakAzika vrata ke bhI pA~ca aticAra mAne gae haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Anayana-prayoga, preSyavaNa-prayoga, zabdAnugAta, rUpAnupAta aura bahiHpudgalaprakSepa-ye pAMcaaticAra batalAe haiM, tattvArthasUtra meM Anayana, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta aura pudgalakSepa ko isa vrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| ratnakarakaNDakazrAvakAcAra meM preSaNa, zabda,Anayana, rUpAbhivyakti aura pudgalakSepa ko aticAra batalAe haiN|' sAgAradharmAmRta meM pudgalakSepaNa, zabdazrAvaNa, svAGgadarzana, preSaNa aura Anayana-ye pA~ca aticAra batalAe haiN| . dezAvakAzika vrata ke ina aticAroM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki "prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM aticAroM ke nAma evaM svarUpa meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| mAtra kahIM zAbdika bhinnatA hai yA krama meM antara hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Anayana-prayoga ko pahale sthAna para ginA gayA hai to ratnakaraNDaka"zrAvakAcAra meM tIsare sthAna para aura sAgAra dharmAmRta meM iso aticAra .:1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 367-368 2. lATIsaMhitA, 6 / 123 3. vahI, 6 / 122 4. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM desAvagAsiyassa samaNovAsaeNaM taMca AiyArA jANiyabvA, na samAriyavvA, taM jahA-ANavaNappaoge, pesavaNappaoge, sadANuvAe, rUvANuvAe, bahiyA poggalapakkheve / -uvAsagadasAo, 1154 5. tattvArthasUtra, 7 / 26 6. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 6 7. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 27

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218 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ko pAMcaveM sthAna para ginA gayA hai| isa prakAra aticAroM ke krama meM kucha.. antara spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| 3. pauSadhopavAsa vrataH "pauSadha" kA artha sAmAnyataH aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parva se kiyA jAtA hai tathA "upavAsa" kA artha cAroM prakAra ke AhAra ( azana, pAna,. khAdima aura svAdima) ke tyAga se hai| isa prakAra "pauSadhopavAsa" kA artha parva ke dina kisI prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA hai| isameM sUryodaya se agale sUryodaya taka AhAra-tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha pApamaya kAryoM (sAvadya pravRti) kA bhI tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha Atma-guNoM ke poSaNa ke lie hotA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra meM arhannaka zramaNopAsaka ke pauSadhopavAsa vrata. kA ullekha milatA hai| upavAsa kA vAstavika artha to viSayAnurAga ghaTAnA hI hai isaliye zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra', ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA", puruSArthasiddhayupAya', yogazAstra Adi granthoM meM poSadhopavAsadhArI ko hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM, snAna, vilepana tathA sugandha Adi kA tyAga karane tathA usa avadhi meM kisI prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa, nahIM karane ko kahA hai| aticAra : prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM pauSadhopavAsa vrata ke pAMca aticAra mAne gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM apratilekhitaduSpratilekhita zayyAsaMstAraka, apramAjita-duSpramArjita-zayyA saMstAraka, apratilekhita-duSpratilekhita uccAraprasravaNabhUmi apramAjitaduSpramAjita-uccAraprasravaNabhUmi aura pauSadhopavAsa. 1. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 16 2. jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 8166 3. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 11 4. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 17 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 257 6. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 157 7. yogazAstra, 3385

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 219 kA ananupAlana-ye pAMca aticAra batalAe haiN|' tattvArthasUtra meM apratyavekSita aura apramAjita meM utsarga, apratyavekSita aura apramArjita meM AdAnanikSepa, apatyavekSita aura apramArjita saMstAraka kA upakrama, anAdara aura smRti kA anupasthApana ye pAMca aticAra mAne haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM grahaNa, visarga, astaraNa, anAdara aura asmaraNa-ye pA~ca aticAra svIkAra kiye haiN| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM anavekSApramArjanagrahaNa, anavekSApramArjana staraNa, anavekSApramArjana utsarga, anAdara aura anekAnaye pA~ca aticAra batalAye haiN| bhinna-bhinna granthoM meM pauSadhopavAsa vrata ke jo aticAra batalAe gaye haiM unake nAmoM meM bhinnatA hote hue bhI unake svarUpa meM vizeSa antara. nahIM hai| 4. atithisaMvibhAga vrataH "atithi" zabda kA sAmAnya artha jisake Ane kI koI tithi athavA samaya nizcita nahIM ho, se kiyA jAtA hai tathA "saMvibhAga" zabda kA artha samucita vibhAga karanA hai| isa artha meM atithisaMvibhAga kA tAtparya binA tithi sUcita kiye Aye hue vratI, zramaNa, zramaNI ko apanI sAmagrI meM se dAna denA hai| yahI zrAvaka kA atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai| isa vratakA pAlana karate hue zrAvaka bhaktibhAvapUrvaka AhAra, auSadha, vastra, pAtrazAstra Adi zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko pradAna karatA hai / isa vrata meM zrAvaka kA anukampAbhAva evaM Adara-satkAra kA bhAva parilakSita hotA hai| .. upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM isa vrata ko yathA-saMvibhAgavata kahA hai|" upA-- sakadazAMgasUtra TIkA meM cAritra sampanna yogya pAtroM ke liye yathAzakti . .1 "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM posahovavAsassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA, na samAriyanvA, taM jahA-appaDilehiya-duppaDilehiyasijjAsaMthAre, appamajjiya-duppamajjiyasijjA saMthAre, appaDilehiya-duppaDilehiyauccArapAsavaNabhUmi, appamajjiyaduppamajjiyauccArapAsavaNa bhUmi, posahovavAsassasamma annnnupaalnnyaa|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1155 2. tattvArthasatra, 729 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 20 4. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 40 5. uvAsagavasAo, 1156

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. 220 : jainadharma ke sampradAya anna, vastra Adi kA saMvibhAga karanA zrAvaka kA atithi saMvibhAga vrata kahA hai|' zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM nirgrantha zramaNoM ko acitta AhAra auSadhi Adi ke dAna ko atithisaMvibhAgavata mAnA hai / 2 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM atithisaMvibhAgavata ko vaiyAvRtyavrata nAma dekara kahA hai ki gRha tyAgI munijanoM ke liye, svapara ko dharmavRddhi ke liye, pratidAna evaM pratyupakAra kI apekSA se rahita hokara yathAzakti vidhipUrvaka dAna denA caahie| lATIsaMhitA meM kahA hai ki uttama, madhyama yA jaghanya koI bhI pAtra mila jAe, use vidhipUrvaka dAna denA cAhiye / yaha dAna prAsuka tathA zuddha honA cAhiye evaM vinayapUrvaka diyA jAnA cAhiye / / aticAra : atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke bhI pAMca aticAra mAne gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sacittanikSepaNa, sacittapidhAna, kAlAtikrama, paravyapadeza aura matsaritA-ye pA~ca aticAra batalAye haiN|' tattvArthasUtra meM sacitta-nikSepa, sacittapidhAna, paravyapadeza, mAtsarya aura kAlAtikrama-ye pA~ca aticAra mAne gaye haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM haritapidhAna, nidhAna, anAdara, asmaraNa aura matsara-ye pA~ca aticAra kahe haiN| sAgAra dharmAmata meM sacitta nikSepa, sacittAvRtti, kAlAtikrama, paravyapadeza aura matsara-ye pAMca aticAra batalAe haiM . atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke ina aticAroM ke nAma evaM krama meM antara avazya hai, kintu prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne acitta vastu ko sacitta para rakhanA, sacitta ko acitta para rakhanA, dAna dene kA samaya TAlanA, binA 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-munighAsIlAlajo, pR0 261 2. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata 12 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 21 4. lATIsaMhitA, 222 5. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM ahAsaMvibhAgassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA, na samAriyavvA, taM jahA-sacitta-nikkhevaNayA, sacittapehaNayA, kAlAikkame, paravavaese, mcchriyaa|" uvAsagadasAo, 1156 6. tattvArthasUtra, 7.31 7. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 4 / 31 8. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 5 / 54

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM' : 221 Adara ke dAna denA yA dAna nahIM denA ho to apanI vastu ko bhI dUsaroM kI vastu batA dene ko isa vrata ke doSa mAne haiM / zrAvaka ko ina doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka atithisaMvibhAga vrata kA pAlana karanA caahie| sallekhanA : jaina paramparA meM zramaNoM ke samAna hI zrAvaka ke lie bhI saMlekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina paramparA meM sAdhaka cAhe zramaNa ho athavA zrAvaka, use sallekhanA grahaNa karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| zrAvakAcAra ko bhUmikA meM rahatA hA zrAvaka jIvanaparyanta vratoM ko ArAdhanA karatA hai / jaba mRtyu jIvana ke dvAra para upasthita hokara dastaka deto pratIta hotI hai to vivekazIla zrAvaka deha poSaNa ke prayatnoM kA pari-. tyAgakara zarIra ke prati bhI nirmamatva bhAva kI sAdhanA karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha upasthita mRtyu ke svAgata hetu tatpara rahatA hai| sallekhanA na to jovana se palAyana hai aura na hI AtmahatyA hai apitu vaha to zAnta bhAva se mRtyu kA AliGgana karane ko eka kalA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM gRhastha ke lie maraNAntika sallekhanA kA nirdeza hai|' tattvArthasUtra meM "mAraNAntikI saMlekhanA joSitA" kahakara jIvana ke antima samaya meM saMlekhanA grahaNa karane ko kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM upasarga, akAla, bur3hApA athavA asAdhya roga Adi hone para dharmapAlana hetu kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue zarIra tyAga karane ko sallekhanA kahA hai| isa graMtha meM sallekhanA ke mahattva ko batAte hue itanA taka kahA gayA hai ki jisakA maraNa sallekhanApUrvaka nahIM huA hai usake jIvanabhara ke samasta japa, tapa bhI vyartha haiN| isameM sallekhanA kI vidhi kA ullekha . isa prakAra hai-sallekhanA grahaNa karane vAlA vyakti iSTa vastu se rAga, aniSTa vastu se dveSa, parijanoM se mamatva tathA samasta bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha ko chor3akara zuddha mana se apane parijanoM se apane doSoM ko kSamA .1. uvApagadasAo, 1157 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7.17 .. 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 531 4. vahI, zloka 123

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222 : jainadharma ke sampradAya karAve tathA svayaM bhI unake aparAdhoM ko kSamA kre|' isI grantha meM salle. khanAdhArI ke bhojana tyAga kA krama bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| . AcAryoM ne sallekhanA kA jitanA varNana zramaNa ke lie kiyA hai utanA hI zrAvaka ke lie bhI kiyA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra, tattvArthasUtroM, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra", zrAvakaprajJapti,' amitagatizrAvakAcAra', vasunandizrAvakAcAra,sAgAradharmAmRta, puruSArthasiddhayupAyadeg aura sarvArthasiddhi' Adi aneka granthoM meM zrAvaka ko sallekhanA kA vistAra se varNana milatA hai| ___ adhikAMza granthoM meM sallekhanA ko zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM sthAna nahIM dekara, isakA svatantra rUpa se kathana kiyA gayA hai kintu vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM sallekhanA ko cauthA zikSAkta mAnA gayA hai|12 vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM sallekhanA ke samaya bhI pAna (pAnI) AhAra grahaNa karane kI svIkRti dI gaI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM paumacariyaM meM vimalasUri ne bhI sallekhanA kA antarbhAva zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM hI kiyA hai / jo AcArya sallekhanA kA antarbhAva zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM karate haiM ve. digvrata aura dezAvakAzikavrata ko eka mAnakara vratoM kI saMkhyA bAraha hI rakhate haiN| aticAra : jisa prakAra pratyeka vrata ke pAMca aticAra kahe gaye haiM usI prakAra 1. vahI, zloka 124 2, vahI, zloka 127 3. uvAsagadasAo, 1157 4. tattvArthasUtra, 717 5. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 5 / 1-9 6. zrAvakaprajJapti, zloka 378 7. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6 / 98 8. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, zloka 271-273 9. sAgAradharmAmRta, 8 / 4-41 10. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 175-179 11. savArthasiddhi, 7 / 22 12. vasunandivAvakAcAra, zloka 271-272 :13. vahI, zloka 271-272

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM' : 223 sallekhanA ke bhI pA~ca aticAra kahe gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM ihalokAzaMsAprayoga, paralokAzaMsAprayoga, jIvitAzaMsAprayoga, maraNAzaMsAprayoga tathA kAmabhogAzaMsAprayoga-ye pA~ca aticAra batalAe haiN|' tattvArthasUtra meM jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, mitrAnurAga, sukhAnubaMdha aura nidAnakaraNaye pA~ca aticAra varNita haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM jIvitAzaMsA, bhaya, mitrasmati aura nidAna-ye pAMca aticAra kahe gaye haiN| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, suhRdAnurAga, sukhAnubaMdha aura 'nidAna ye pAMca aticAra ullikhita haiN| __paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM likhA hai ki AryikA samAdhimaraNa ke samaya meM ekAnta sthAna meM puruSoM kI taraha nagna ho sakato hai|" pratimAeM : sarvaprathama zrAvaka, pA~ca aNuvrata, tona guNavrata tathA cAra zikSAkta grahaNa karatA hai, tatpazcAt vaha gyAraha pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| pratimA vastuta: zrAvaka dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye niyamoM ko jovana paryanta sthira rakhane ko eka prakriyA hai| abhigraha, tapa yA vrata vizeSa kA nAma bhI pratimA hai| pratimA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA eka aisA sAdhana hai jisake dvArA zrAvaka apane jIvana ko unnata evaM pavitra banAtA hai| . zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya grantha-samavAyAMgasUtra', upAsakadazAMgasUtra tathA dazAzrutaskandha meM zrAvaka ko gyAraha pratimAoM kA 1. "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM apacchimamAraNAMtiya-saMlehaNA-jhUsaNArAhaNAe paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAriyavvA, taM jahA ihalogA-saMsappaoge, paralogAsaMsappaoge, jIviyAsaMsappaoge maraNAsaMsappaoge, kaambhogaasNsppoge|" -uvAsagadasAo, 1157 2. ttvaarthsuutr,.7|32 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 5 / 8 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 8145 . 5. "yadotsargikamanyadvAliGgamuktaM jinaiH striyaaH| puMvattadiSyate mRtyukAle svlpiikRtopdheH||" -sAgAradharmAmRta, 8135 6. samavAyAMgasUtra, 1971 ..7. uvAsagadasAo, 1170-71 - 8. dazAzrutaskandha, chaThI dazA

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224 : jainadharma ke sampradAya ullekha huA milatA hai| digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya cAritrasAra', upAsakAdhyayana2, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, jJAnArNava, lATIsaMhitA, kArtikeyAnuprekSA', sAgAradharmAmRta, vasunandizrAvakAcAra tathA amitagatizrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM dvArA mAnya sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki ina donoM paramparAoM meM gyAraha pratimAoM ke jo nAma ginAe gaye haiM, unameM AMzika antara hai| yahA~ hama donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra ullikhita pratimAoM kA nAmollekha kara zvetAmbara sAhityAnusAra gyAraha pratimAe~-zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya sAhitya ke anusAra gyAraha pratimAeM isa prakAra haiM (1) darzana, (2) vrata, (3) sAmAyika, (4) prauSadha, (5) niyama, (6) brahmacarya, (7) sacittatyAga, (8) Arambha tyAga, (9) preSya tyAga, (10) uddISTa tyAga aura (11) zramaNa bhUta / digambara sAhityAnusAra gyAraha pratimAeM-digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya sAhitya ke anusAra gyAraha pratimAeM isa prakAra haiM (1) darzana, (2) vrata, (3) sAmAyika, (4) prauSadha, (5) sacitta tyAga, (6) rAtribhojana tyAga, (7) brahmacarya, (8) Arambha tyAga, (9) parigraha tyAga, (10) anumati tyAga aura (11) uddISTa tyAga / donoM paramparAoM dvArA kathita pratimAoM ke vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki prathama cAra pratimAoM ke nAma donoM paramparAoM meM samAna haiN| 1. cAritrasAra, 24-25 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 853-854 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 5 / 15-26 4. jJAnArNava, 27 / 13-14 5. lATIsaMhitA, 733 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 339-340 7. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7 / 1-37 8. vasunandizrAyakAcAra, zloka 274-313 9. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7167-77

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 225 zvetAmbara paramparA meM rAtribhojana tyAga ko svatantra pratimA nahIM mAnakara usakA samAveza pAMcavIM pratimA "niyama" meM kara diyA hai / brahmacarya pratimA kA krama zvetAmbara paramparA meM chaThA hai to digambara paramparA meM saatvaaN| sacitta tyAga ko digambara paramparA ne pAMcaveM sthAna para rakhA hai, to zvetAmbara paramparA ne sacitta tyAga ko sAtavA~ sthAna diyA hai| Arambha tyAga ko donoM hI paramparAoM ne AThavAM sthAna diyA hai / narve krama para zvetAmbara paramparA meM preSya tyAga hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM parigraha tyAga hai| donoM meM mAtra zAbdika yA kramagata antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasave krama para uddiSTa tyAga pratimA kA kathana hai jabaki digambara paramparA meM isakA krama gyArahavAM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM antima pratimA zramaNabhUta pratimA mAnI gaI hai jisakA tAtparya zrAvaka kA zramaNa tulya ho jAnA hai / isa pratimA ko carcA karate hue zrI devendramuni zAstrI likhate haiM ki digambara paramparA meM jo uddiSTa tyAga pratimA kahI gaI hai, vaha zvetAmbara paramparA kI zramaNabhUta pratimA ho hai, kyoMki isa pratimA meM zrAvaka bhI zramaNa ke sadRza ho jAtA hai| donoM ho paramparAoM meM uddiSTa tyAga kA artha bhikSAvRtti se bhojana karanA hai| isa avasthA meM gRhastha kA AcAra bhI zramaNa kI taraha hI hotA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM uddiSTa tyAga pratimAdhArI ko khaNDavastra dhAraNa karane vAlA kahA hai| , zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA dayA, dAna aura zolarUpa zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrAvaka ke 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM aura 21 guNoM kA ullekha AcArya harighadra ne paMcAzaka meM tathA AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM 21.guNoM athavA 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM kI koI carcA nahIM hai, unameM to zrAvaka dharma kA vivecana mAtra 12 vratoM evaM 11 pratimAoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA hai| jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai, usameM bho aSTa mUlaguNoM kI carcA kundakunda ke bAda hI vikasita - lagatI hai| zrAvaka ke ye aSTamUlaguNa kyA haiM ? isa prazna ko lekara digambara AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, madhukara muni, prastAvanA, pR0 22 . 2. (ka) samavAyAMgasUtra, madhukara muni, vivecanasUtra, 11171 (kha) ratnakaraNDakathAvakAcAra, zloka 5 / 26 3. vahI, zloka 5 / 26

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226 : jainadharma ke sampradAya madya, mAMsa aura madhu ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana . aSTamUlaguNa mAne gaye haiN| cAritrasAra meM pAMca aNuvratoM tathA madya aura mAMsa ko to usameM sammilita kiyA hai kintu zahada ke sthAna para vahA~ juA kA ullekha huA hai / puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM madya, mAMsa aura zahada ke sAtha pA~ca prakAra ke udambara phaloM ke tyAga ko hI aSTamUlaguNa mAnA gayA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM kinhIM AcAryoM kA mata dete hue madya, mAMsa, madhu, rAtribhojana, udambaraphala Adi ke tyAga, devavandana, jIvadayA aura jalagAlana-ye ATha mUlaguNa kahe gaye haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zrAvaka ke mArgAnusArI guNoM aura mUlaguNoM ko lekara donoM ho sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda hai| yadyapi sabhI jainAcArya isa sandarbha meM ekamata haiM ki zrAvaka jIvana ko prAthamika aparihAryatA sapta kuvyasanoM kA tyAga hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM sapta kuvyasanoM meM krama ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA ekarUpatA hI hai| pUjA vidhi : . jaina paramparA meM kucha sampradAya mUrtipUjaka haiM aura kucha amUrtipUjaka haiM / sabhI mUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kI pUjA vidhi bho samAna nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnakavAso tathA terApaMtho sampradAya amUrtipUjaka sampradAya haiN| digambara paramparA meM tAraNapaMtha sampradAya amUrtipUjaka hote hue bhI isameM zAstrapUjA hotI hai tathA isake zrAvaka cetyAlaya bho banavAte haiN| ___ zvetAmbara aura digambara mUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM meM bhI zramaNa jina pratimAoM kI kevala bhAvapUjA hI karate haiM, dravyapUjA nahIM karate haiN| dravyapUjA zrAvaka ho karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke zrAvaka sacitta dravya (phala, phUla ityAdi ) se pUjA karate haiM, lekina digambara paramparA meM sirpha bIsapaMtho sampradAya ke zrAvaka ho sacitta dravya se pUjA karate haiN| digambara terApaMthI sampradAya ke zrAvaka acitta dravya ( sUkhe cAvala evaM sUkhe meve Adi ) se ho pratimA pUjana karate haiM / zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke zrAvaka jina-pratimA ko vastra, AbhU SaNa Adi se alaMkRta karate haiM, kintu digambara paramparA meM vastra, AbhUSaNa se yukta pratimA ko pUjanoya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM pratiSThA ke pUrva paMcakalyANaka ke samaya dIkSA kalyANaka ke pahale taka ho pratimA ko vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi pahanAye jAte haiM, bAda meM nhiiN|

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vibhinna sampradAyoM kI zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM : 227 zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM jinapratimA ke cakSa khule hue pradarzita karane kI paramparA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM pratimA ke cakSu arddhanimilita hI darzAye jAte haiN| phira bhI digambara paramparA kI kucha martiyA~, jo gvAliyara kile para utkIrNa haiM, unake cakSu khule haiM / paravartI zvetAmbara pratimAoM meM laMgoTa kA aMkana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| __ jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ko zrAvakAcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke isa vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma meM zrAvakAcAra ko lekara jitanI bhinnatA hai, utanI zrAvakAcAra ke sambandha meM nahIM hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM, gyAraha pratimAoM tathA saMlekhanA Adi kA pratipAdana samAna rUpa se haA hai| mAtra vratoM ke krama evaM unake aticAroM ke nAma tathA krama meM AMzika bhinnatA hai, jisako carcA hamane yathAsthAna kI hai|

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saptama adhyAya upasaMhAra prastuta grantha ke prathama adhyAya meM hamane mukhya rUpa se jaina dharma ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kA paramparAgata evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| paramparAnusAra to jainoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki isa avasarpiNI kAla meM unake dharma kA prArambha RSabhadeva se huA hai| jainoM kI caubIsa tIrthaMkara kI mAnyatA bho yaha svIkAra karato hai ki kAlacakra kI pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI meM 24-24 tIrthaMkara jaina dharma kA pravartana karate rahate haiN| unakI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki jambUdvIpa meM kucha kSetra aise haiM, jahA~ tIrthakara sadaiva bane rahate haiN| isa dRSTi se jaina matAvalambI apane dharma ko anAdi bhI ghoSita karate haiN| jahA~ taka itihAsavidoM kA prazna hai, ve caubIsa tothaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA ko eka kramika vikAsa mAnate haiM / unake anusAra caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se mahAvIra nirvivAda rUpa se aitihAsika vyakti haiN| pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ko bhI ve kisI sImA taka svIkAra karane meM sahamata haiM, kintu ariSTanemi aura RSabhadeva sahita zeSa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko ve prAgaitihAsika vyakti hI mAnate haiN| Rgveda Adi meM ina tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmollekha hone se yaha to mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ve hue hoMge, kintu unakA AcAra aura darzana kyA thA ? yaha saba aitihAsika dRSTi se anizcita-sA hI hai| yadyapi jaina dharma meM digambara sampradAya kI sAmAnya avadhAraNA to yaha hai ki sabhI tIrthakara samAna dharma kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM tathA unakI AcAra evaM dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM bhI ekarUpatA hotI hai, kintu yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM-- vizeSa rUpa se niyuktiyoM meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita AcAra-niyamoM meM deza ora kAla ke anusAra kathaMcit antara hotA hai| isa antara kA ullekha sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai| mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI AcAra vyavasthA kA yaha bheda na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM, apitu digambara paramparA ke dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha-bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM bhI ullikhita hai|

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upasaMhAra : 229 isa sambandha meM sAmAnya avadhAraNA yaha hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthakara se madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke AcAra-niyamoM aura vyavasthAoM meM kucha bheda rahatA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se hama kevala itanA hI pratipAdana kara sakate haiM ki jaina dharma kA svarUpa aura usake AcAra-vicAra bhI yuga-yuga meM parivartita hue haiM / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki dharma ke sAmAnya tattva sabhI meM samAna rUpa se nihita rahe haiM, phira bhI darzana aura AcAra saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa unameM antara to hai| prathama adhyAya meM hamane isI dRSTi se tIrthaMkaroM ke mAnyatA bheda ke sambandha meM thor3o gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai / hama yaha mAnate haiM ki deza aura kAlagata paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita AcAra-vyavahAra ke niyamoM meM bhI bhinnatA rahI hai| mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ko mAnyatA meM jo bindu mukhya rUpa se vivAdAspada the, unakI samokSA karane para bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| jaina dharma meM jo sacela aura acela paramparAe~ vikasita huI haiM unake mUla meM bhI kahIM na kahIM mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ko AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAeM haiN| ___ iso adhyAya meM hamane mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt jaina dharma kI sthiti ko carcA karate hue kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI se yaha bho spaSTa kiyA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda bhI gautama aura sudharmA jaise prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke kAraNa jainadharma meM saMghabheda ko sthiti nahIM banI thii| jambUsvAmo ke pazcAt zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM jo matabheda dikhAI detA hai, usase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda jaina dharma meM matabheda vistAra pAne lagA thA / bhadrabAhu ne matabhedoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa to kiyA, kintu ve saphala nahIM ho sake / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM hameM vividha gaNoM ke vikasita hone ko sUcanA toM milato hai, kintu usameM jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara, digambara Adi vividha sampradAyoM meM vibhakta hone ko koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai / nandosUtra aura kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvalo meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa (vI. ni0 saM0 980) taka ke yugapradhAna AcAryoM kI paramparA ullikhita hai| kalpasUtra aura nandosUtra ko sthavirAvalo meM kevala gaNabheda ko ho carcA hai, sampradAya bheda ko unameM kahIM koI carcA nahIM huI hai| .. jaina Agama sahitya, jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyAM, jaina guphAe~, jaina abhi-..

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230 : jainadharma ke sampradAya lekha tathA jaina citrakalA jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa ko samajhane ke mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika srota haiM, inake AdhAra para jaina sampradAyoM kA prAmANika itihAsa kisa prakAra likhA jA sakatA hai, isakI carcA hamane isa grantha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM kI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM kA vikAsa kaise huA ? isakI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai / isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA ki jaina dharma meM dArzanika matabhedoM kA bIjAropaNa mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI ho cukA thaa| gozAlaka, jamAli aura tiSyagupta isake spaSTa pramANa haiM / AjIvaka paramparA bhale hI mahAvIra se prAcIna rahI ho, kintu mahAvIra ke samaya meM ho gozAlaka jaise vyaktitva ko pAkara vaha paramparA sudRr3ha aura prabhAvazAlI banIM, isa tathya ko bho asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| gozAlaka kA AjIvaka sampradAya eka pratispardhI ke rUpa meM mahAvIra ke samakSa dRr3hatA se khar3A huA thaa| isa tathya kI puSTi na kevala jaina sAhitya se apitu bauddha sAhitya se bhI hoto hai / jamAli aura tiSyagupta dvArA uThAye gaye dArzanika prazna bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM the| yaha eka bhinna bAta hai ki mahAvIra ke prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke sAmane jamAli kI paramparA vikasita aura pallavita nahIM ho skii| isI adhyAya meM kI gaI nihnavoM ko carcA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke bAda bho kUcha dArzanika praznoM ko lekara jaina saMgha meM vivAda calatA rahA thaa| kintu kisI bhI nihnava kA koI svatantra sampradAya calA ho, aiso jAnakArI hameM upalabdha nahIM huI hai| jJAta vivaraNa ke anusAra adhikAMza nihnava apane matabhedoM ko rakhate hue bhI jaina saMgha meM hI sammilita rhe| sAmAnyatayA nihnavoM ne jo prazna uThAye the ve sabhI dArzanika hI the, isalie AcAraniSTha jaina saMgha unase itanA vicalita nahIM huaa| ve use vibhinna sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita nahIM kara ske| __zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama sAhitya aura digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM ullikhita kathAnakoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama sacelatA aura acelatA ke prazna ko lekara vora nirvANa saMvat 606 athavA 609 meM jo vivAda hue the, ve vivAda hI Age calakara zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udbhava ke kAraNa baneM /

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upasaMhAra : 231 zvetapaTTamahAzramaNa saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, mUlasaMgha, kUrcakasaMgha, nirgrantha mahAsaMgha Adi ke sarvaprathama ullekha hameM pAMcavIM zatAbdI se milane lagate haiN| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya Adike rUpa meM jaina saMgha meM spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA pAMcavIM zatAbdo ke lagabhaga hI kabhI khiMcI gaI thii| isake pazcAt ye sabhI saMgha punaH vividha gaNa evaM anvayoM Adi meM vibhAjita hote ge| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yadyapi vidyAdharakula, nAgendra kula Adi ke ullekha AThavI-navoM zatAbdI taka yathAvata milate rahe haiM kintu yaha bAta bho satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM pAMcavIM-chaThoM zatAbdI ke bAda se caityavAso paramparA pUrNa rUpa se pratiSThita ho gaI thii| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM zithilAcAra ke virodha meM samaya-samaya para jo svara ubhare unhIM kA pariNAma hai ki eka ora zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda kharatara, tapA, aMcala Adi aneka gacchoM aura unakI vibhinna zAkhA-prazAkhAoM kA vikAsa huA, vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha-sAtha drAvir3a, kASThA, mAthura aura yApanIya saMgha kA bhI vikAsa huaa| ___ bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI se zvetAmbara paramparA meM vividha gaccha aura unakI zAkhAoM meM uttarottara vRddhi huI, vahIM digambara paramparA meM bhI dhIre-dhIre aneka gaNa, anvaya, kula aura zAkhAe~ mUlasaMgha ke sAtha jur3ato giiN| isa prakAra dasavIM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya jahAM digambara sampradAya meM eka dhruvIkaraNa huA vahIM zvetAmbara paramparA meM vibhAjana hotA gyaa| digambara paramparA meM jo dhruvIkaraNa huA usakA pariNAma yaha nikalA ki yApanIya, kUrcaka, Adi aneka saMgha nAmazeSa ho ge| - 16vIM-1.7vIM zatAbdI jaina dharma meM parivartana kI dRSTi se eka krAntikAro zatAbdI rahI hai| isa zatAbdI meM jahA~ eka ora muslima dharma ke prabhAva se zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtipUjA virodhI lokAgaccha aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA vikAsa huA vahIM digambara paramparA meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke rUpa meM tAraNapaMtha kA udaya huaa| dUsarI ora pUjA paddhati aura zramaNa AcAra meM bar3hate hue ADambara ke virodhasvarUpa banArasIdAsa, ToDaramala Adi se digambara terApanthI paramparA kA vikAsa huaa| yaha paramparA mUrtipUjA ko svIkAra to karatI hai kintu pUjA meM sacitta vastuoM ke prayoga tathA yajJa Adi kA virodha bhI karatI hai|

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.232 : jainadharsa ke sampradAya zvetAmbara paramparA meM Age calakara 18vIM zatAbdI meM sthAnakavAso paramparA se terApantha sampradAya kA udaya huaa| jisane dayA-dAna ke prazna ko lekara jaina paramparA meM eka bhinna dhArA ko upasthita kiyaa| yadyapi jainadharma meM AdhyAtmavAda ko sadaiva hI pramukhatA milatI rahI hai, phira bhI isako pramukhatA dene ke phalasvarUpa eka ora mahAna sAdhaka zrImadrAmacaMdra se kavipantha kA udaya huA to dUsarI ora kundakunda ke granthoM se prabhAvita hokara kAnajI svAmI ne digambara paramparA meM eka nizcayanaya pradhAna paramparA ko vikasita kiyA, jo vartamAna meM kAnajI pantha nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra kAlakrama meM jaina saMgha aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita hotA gyaa| isa vibhAjana kA mUla AcAra aura darzana AcAra sambandho mAnyatAe~ bhI raho haiN| vibhinna sampradAyoM kI darzana sambandho jo paraspara bhinna mAnyatAeM rahI haiM, unakI carcA hamane caturtha adhyAya meM kI hai| isa carcA meM hamane nimna pramukha binduoM kA sparza kiyA hai-1. tattva kI saMkhyA kA prazna, 2. kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA prazna, 3. pudgala ke bandha ke niyama sambandhI matabheda, 4. jIva ke bheda, 5. sa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna, 6. jagata kA svarUpa, 7. karma ke bheda aura unakA svarUpa, 8. strImukti kA prazna, 9. kevalobhukti ko avadhAraNA tathA 10. kevalo meM jJAna aura darzana ke bheda-abheda kA prazna / __ tattvamImAMsIya aura jJAnamImAMsIya kSetroM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM AvAntara matabhedoM ke sAtha-sAtha dRSTikoNoM ko pramukhatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM tattva sAta haiM yA nau tathA puNya evaM pApa ko svatantra tattva mAnA jAe athavA nahIM, ye prazna uThe haiN| yadyapi donoM paramparAoM meM donoM mAnyatAe~ pAI jAtI haiM tathApi digambara paramparA meM sAta tattvoM ko aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM nau tattvoM kI mAnyatA pramukha rahI hai| digambara paramparA meM puNya aura pApa ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnakara unakA antarbhAva Asrava tattva meM hI kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra SaDdravya kI avadhAraNA meM kAla svatantra dravya hai athavA nahIM, yaha prazna bhI pramukha rahA hai / yadyapi digambara paramparA ekamata se kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnatI hai kintu zvetAmbara paraMparA meM kucha prAcIna AcAryoM ne kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA hai to kucha ne kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnakara, use jIva aura pudgala ko paryAyoM ke rUpa meM ho mAnA hai|

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upasaMhAra : 233 loka ke svarUpa ko lekara bhI donoM paramparAoM meM kucha matabheda haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM svarga solaha haiM yA bAraha, lokapAla ATha haiM yA nau, ye "prazna uThAye gaye haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke mAnya granyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa viSayaka jo bhI bhinnatA hai vaha ina paramparAoM ke bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM ke kathanAnusAra hI hai| ___ AtmA ke kartRtva, bhoktRtva, karma aura AtmA ke sambandha tathA "AtmA ke bandhana Adi aise aneka bindu haiM jinameM sAmAnyarUpa se to zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatA meM ekarUpatA ho hai, kintu digambara paramparA ke mahAn AcArya kundakunda ne ina sabhI tathyoM ko nizvayanaya se jo vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI haiM ve bho apane Apa meM viziSTa haiN| uso ke AdhAra para digambara paraMparA meM nizcayapaMya-kAnajo paMtha jaise upasampradAya astitva meM Ae haiN| dArzanika dRSTi se zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM vivAda ke -mukhya bindu to stromukti, savastramukti, kevalo bhukti, sacelatA-acelatA Adi rahe haiN| ina muddoM ko hamane isa adhyAya meM vistAraparvaka carcA ko hai| iso sandarbha meM vizeSa jJAtavya tathya yaha hai ki digambaratva aura ave. lakatva ko pratipAdaka hote hue bhI yApanIya paraMparA ne strImukti, savastramukti aura kevalobhukti kI mAnyatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM hamane zramaNAcAra kI carcA kI hai| isa carcA meM hamane yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zramaNa AcAra ke prazna ko lekara sAmAnya rUpa se mUlabhUta siddhAntoM meM kahIM koI vivAda nahIM hai| -mahAvrata, gupti, samiti Adi ko svIkRti aura vyavahAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM meM samAna hI hai / SaDAvazyaka tathA dasadharma Adi ko bhI donoM paramparAe~ samAna rUpa se grahaNa karato haiN| donoM paraMparAoM meM zramaNa AcAra ko lekara jo mukhya vivAda haiM vaha to sacelatA-acelatA kA hI hai, jisako carcA cauthe adhyAya meM ko jA cuko hai| sAtha ho sacelatA aura acelatA kA muddA na kevala AcAra kA hai, varana darzana kA bhI hai kyoMki usake sAtha mukti ko yaha avadhAraNA bho jur3I huI hai ki sacela mukta ho sakatA hai yA nahIM? zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM vivAda kA eka mukhya bindu yaha bho rahA hai ki parigraha kyA hai ? kyA mUrchA aura Asakti parigraha hai yA vastra parigraha hai ? - zramaNAcAra kI carcA karate hue hamane bhikSAcaryA, AhAra, vihAra, varSAvAsa, upakaraNa, vastra, pAtra, rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA, prati lekhanA aura

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234 : jainadharma ke sampradAya pratikramaNa Adi binduoM ko sparza karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki vibhinna sampradAyoM meM inako lekara kyA bhinnatAe~ haiM ? isa adhyAya ke . anta meM hamane samAdhimaraNa kI carcA karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki samAdhimaraNa kI sAmAnya vidhi to zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM paraMparAoM meM samAna hai| kintu donoM paraMparAoM meM bAraha varSIya samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane kI prakriyA ke saMbaMdha meM bheda pAyA gayA hai, jisake ullekha vividha granthoM meM prApta hote haiN| caturtha adhyAya meM isI saMdarbha meM carcA kI gaI hai| SaSThama adhyAya zrAvakAcAra se saMbaMdhita hai| zrAvakAcAra meM jo vivAda kA mukhya viSaya hai vaha mUlaguNoM kI avadhAraNA se saMbaMdhita hai| digaMbara paraMparA meM aSTa mUlaguNoM kI carcA vistAra se huI hai jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM isake sthAna para sapta kuvyasana tyAga aura zrAvaka ke 21 guNoM yA 35 mArgAnusArIguNoM kA pAlana mukhya batalAyA gayA hai / jahA~ zvetAmbara paraMparA meM zramaNoM ko taraha hI zrAvakoM ke liye bhI SaDAvazyaka karane kA ullekha milatA hai, vahIM digambara paraMparA meM zrAvakoM ke lie devapUjA, guruvandana Adi SaTkartavyoM kA vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM saMkhyA ko daSTi se sabhI paraMparAe~ ekamata haiM, kintu aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM ke vibhAjana aura unake krama Adi ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM paraMparAoM meM matabheda dekhA jA sakatA hai| bAraha vratoM ke aticAroM ko bhI sabhI AcAryoM ne samAna rUpa meM nahIM svIkArA hai, kahIM unake nAma ko lekara to kahIM unake krama ko lekara bhinnatA hai| isa bhinnatA kI carcA hamane vistArapUrvaka isa adhyAya meM kI hai| zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM ko svIkRti yadyapi donoM paraMparAoM meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI hai, tathApi unake krama Adi ko lekara kucha avAntara matabheda hai| pratimAoM ke sandarbha meM donoM paraMparAoM meM mUlabhUta antarayaha hai ki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM pratimAoM ko viziSTa prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, jabaki digambara paraMparA meM pratimAeM nirgrantha zramaNajIvana tapa kI ora agrasara hone ke kramika sopAna haiN| ___ isa vivecana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke vibhinna saMpradAyoM kI AcAragata mAnyatAoM kI bhinnatA meM nItidarzana ke siddhAnta nihita haiN| nItidarzana siddhAnta ke dharAtala para cAhe nirapekSa ho kintu

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upasaMhAra : 235H vyavahAra ke dharAtala para vaha sApekSA ho hotA hai| noti kA yaha sApekSAtmaka svarUpa hameM dharma meM bhI prApta hotA hai jo AcAragata bhinnatAoM kA AdhAra hai| isake sAtha hI hamane AcAra saMbaMdho bhinnatA kI carcA meM yathAsthAna una paristhitiyoM ko ora bho saMketa kiyA hai jinane vibhinna sampradAyoM meM AcAragata bhinnatA ko pravartita karane meM sahAyaka bhUmikA nibhAI hai| jaina darzana anekAntavAda kA prastAvaka hone ke nAte ina bhinnatAoM ko na kevala sahaja hI svIkAra kara sakA, apitu ina bhinnatAoM ke anusAra calane meM bhI use kisI duvidhA kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'aa| vicAra-sahiSNutA aura virodha sahiSNutA jaina dharma evaM darzana kI viziSTa pahacAna hai, jo zatAbdiyoM se ajasrarUpa meM pravAhita hai| samasyA tabhI upasthita hotI hai jabaki sampradAya vizeSa ko AcAragata mAnyatAoM ko ho ekamAtra jaina samasta vicAradhArA athavA nItisiddhAnta kA pratinidhi mAna liyA jAtA hai / pariNAmataH sAmpradAyika tanAva bar3hane lagate haiM aura anekAMta dRSTi kI AtmA mara jAtI hai|| __ataH prastuta kRti meM hamane jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ko darzana tathA AcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko jo carcA kI hai, usase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM kI mAnyatAoM meM kahIM samAnatA hai to kahIM bhinnatA / jina bhinnatAoM ko hamane carcA kI hai ve sabhI bhinnatAeM aisI nahIM haiM, ki unake samanvaya ke sUtra nahIM khoje jA sakate ho / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki zramaNa jIvana aura zrAvaka jIvana ke samasta AcAra-vyavahAra kA vartamAna sandarbha meM samyak mUlyAMkana ho aura unakI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAoM ko mAnya rakhate hue vartamAna deza aura kAla ke pariprekSya meM una para punarvicAra kiyA jaae| yadi samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa se yaha prayAsa kiyA jAe to vibhinna sampradAyoM ko vaicArika aura. AcAragata bhinnatA ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai /

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI (ka) prAcIna grantha1. antagaDadasAo-vyAkhyAtA AcArya nAneza, prakA0 zrI 10 bhA0 . sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera; varSa 1985 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra (amitagati) vivecana-paM0 bhAgacanda, prakA0 . muni zrI anantakIti digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI; vi0 saM0 1979 3. aSTapAhuDa (kundakunda) bhASA parivartana-mahendra kumAra jaina, prakA0 zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha; vi0 saM0 2308 4. AcArAMgasUtra-sampAdaka madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1980 5. AcArAMgaTIkA-muni jambUvijaya, prakA0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, varSa 1978 6. AdipurANa-(jinasena) prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI; dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1963 7. AvazyakasUtra-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara; varSa 1985 8. AvazyakasUtra-sampA0 paM0 ghAsIlAla, prakA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa; vi0 saM0 2014 9. AvazyakacUrNi-(jinadAsagaNi) prakA0 zrI RSabhadeva jI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1928, 1929 10. isibhAsiyAisuttAI-sampA0 mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prakA0 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura; varSa 1988 11. uttarAdhyayanasUtra-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1984 12. upAsakAdhyayana-(somadeva) sampA0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya ___ jJAnapITha, banArasa; varSa 1964 13. uvAsagadasAo-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakAzaka zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara; varSa 1980 14. aupapAtikasUtra-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1982

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI ::237 15. kalpasUtram-sampA0 mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prakA0 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura; varSa 1977 16. kArtikeyAnuprekSA--sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, varSa 1978 17. gommaTasAra-(karmakANDa) sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1981-1982 18. gommaTasAra-(jIvakANDa) sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1978, 1979 19. cAritrasAra-(cAvaNDa rAya) sampA0 gajAdharalAla jaina, prakAzana varSa 1990 20. jambUdvIpaprajJapti-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1986 21. tattvArthasUtra-(umAsvAti) (zvetAmbara mAnya pATha) vivecaka-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; tRtIya saMskaraNa, 1976 22. tattvArthasatra-(umAsvAmi) (digambara mAnya pATha) vivecaka-phUlacanda zAstro, prakA0 zrIgaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI; dvitIya saMskaraNa, varSa 1991 . 23. tattvArtharAjavArtika-(akalaMkadeva) sampA0 mahendra kumAra jaina, prakA bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1953-1957 . 24.. tatvArthavArtikam-(bhaTTa akalaMkadeva) sampA0 mahendra kumAra jaina, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, varSa 1982 . 25. tattvArthAdhigamasatra (umAsvAti) saMzodhakaH-hIrAlAla, prakA0 zrI devacandra lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra samiti; varSa 1982 ..26. tiloyapaNNatti-(yati vRSabhAcArya) sampA0 AyikA vizuddha ti, prakA0 bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, lakhanaU, bhAga 1-3, varSa 1984 1988 27. tiloyapaNNatti-(yativRSabhAcArya) sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1943, 1951 . 28. viSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra anu0 kRSNalAla varmA, prakA0 goDIjI jaina __ mandira, bambaI, bhAga 1-2 29. basavaikAlikasUtra-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 dho Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara; varSa 1985

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238: jainadharma ke sampradAya "30. dazAzrutaskandhacUNi-prakA0 vijayagaNi granthamAlA, vi0 saM0 2011 . 31. dravyasaMgraha-(nemicandra) sampA0 mohanalAla zAstrI, prakA0 sarala jaina graMtha bhaNDAra, jabalapura; dvAdaza saMskaraNa, vI0 ni0 saM0 2505 32. dhammapada-saMzodhaka-jagadIzakazyapa, prakA0 bihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana maNDala; varSa 1959 33. dharmottarapradIpa-sampA0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, prakA0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ___ zodha saMsthAna, paTanA; varSa 1971 34. nandIsUtra-sampA* madhukaramuni, prakA* zrI0 Agama prakAzana samiti,. ___ byAvara; varSa 1982 35. niyamasAra-(kundakunda) anu0 paM0 parameSThIdAsa, prakA0 zrI kundakunda kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura; paMcama saMskaraNa, varSa 1984 36. niyuktisaMgraha-(bhadrabAhu) sampA0 vijayajinendrasUrizvara, prakA0 zro harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, zAMtipurI (saurASTra); varSa 1989 ... 37. nyAyakumudacandra-(prabhAcandra) sampA0 mahendra kumAra, prakA0 mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, bhAga 1-2 38. paiNNayasuttAI-sampA0 munipuNyavijaya,prakA0 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, ___ bambaI; varSa 1984 39. paumacariyaM-sampA0 munipuNyavijaya, prA0 aMka pariSada mArANasI, . bhAga 1-2; varSa 1962 40. paMcAstikAya-kundakunda) anu0 manoharalAlaM, prakA0 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa; vi0 saM0 2015 41. paMcAstikAyasaMgraha-(kundakunda) anu0 maganalAla jaina, prakA0 zrI kundakunda kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura; caturtha saMskaraNa, varSa 1984 42. paMcAstikAyasAra-(kundakunda) sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI; varSa 1975 43. padmapurANa (raviSaNa) anu0 pannAlAla jaina, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzo, bhAga 1-2, varSa 1958, 1959 - 44. puruSArthasiddhayu pAya (amRtacaMdra) prakA0 ko paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI vI0ni0 saM0 2431 45. prameyakamalamArtaNDa-(prabhAcaMdra) sampA0 AyikA jinamati, prakA0 ko digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura; vi0 saM0 2041 46. pravacanasAra-kundakunda) sampA0 e0 e0 upAdhye, prakA zrImadrAjacandra na0, Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta); varSa 1964

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI : 239 47. praznavyAkaraNasUtra-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara; varSa 1983 48. praznopaniSada-sampA. vAsudeva lakSmaNa zAstrI, prakA0 pANDuraMga jAvAjo, bambaI; varSa 1932 49. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-(zivArya) sampA0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA0 jana saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, bhAga 1-2, varSa 1978 50. bhadrabAhucarita-anu0 udayalAla kAsalIvAla, prakA0 jaina bhArato bhavana, banArasa; bI ni0 saM0 2437 51. bhAvasaMgraha-(devasenasari) sampA0 pannAlAla sonIti, prakA0 mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA samiti, bambaI; vI0 ni0 saM0 2447 52. matsyapurANa-sampA0 zrIrAma zarmA, prakA0 saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA, barelI, bhAga 1-2, varSa 1970 53. manusmRti-sampA0 yogI satyabhUSaNa, prakA0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, banArasa, varSa 1966 54. mahApurANa-sampA0 DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, bhAga-1-2; varSa 1944, 1979 55. mUlAcAra-(vaTTakera) sampA0 50 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya . jJAnapITha, naI dillI; bhAga 1-2, varSa 1944 56. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra-anu0 mohanalAla zAstrI, prakA0 sarala jaina . . graMtha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, navama saMskaraNa, vI0 ni0 saM0 2499 57. lalitavistarA-prakA0 zrI RSabhadeva jI kesarImala jI zvetAmbara saMsthA, sUrata, varSa 1934 58. vasudevahiNDI-(saMpadAsa) sampA0 muni puNyavijaya, prakA0 AtmAnanda jaina * graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara 59. vasunandizrAvakAcAra-(vasunandi) paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; varSa 1944 ...pArAjaparitra-(jaTAsiMhanandi) sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI . vizeSAvazyakabhASya-sampA0 DA0 nathamala TATiyA, prakA0 divya darzana .. TrasTa, bambaI, bhAga 1-2, vi0 saM0 2039 66. viSNapurANa samAjazrIrAma zarmA, prakA0 saMskRti saMsthAna, svAjA, barelI, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1969

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240. : jainadharma ke sampradAya 64. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana ___ samiti, byAvara, bhAga 1-4; varSa 1982-1985 .. 64. bRhatkathAkoza ( hariSeNa )-sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI; vi0 saM0 1999 66. vRhadadravyasaMgraha ( nemicandra ) saMzodhaka-manoharalAla zAstrI, prakA0 zrI' paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa; varSa 1979 67. zAkaTAyaNa-vyAkaraNa ( zAkaTAyana ) sampA0 paM0 zubhanAtha tripAThI, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; varSa 1944 68. zrAvakaprajJapti ( umAsvAti )-sampA0 muni rAjendra vijaya, prakA0. saMskAra sAhitya sadana, DosA; vi0 saM0 2028 . 69. zrAvaka prajJapti ( haribhadrasUri )-sampA0 50 bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI; vi0 saM0 2038 70. zrImadbhAgavatamahApurANa-prakA0 gotA presa, gorakhapura, bhAga 1-2, vi0. saM0 2021 71. SaDdarzanasamuccaya ( haribhadrasUri )-prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI; varSa 1970 72. saMbodha prakaraNa ( haribhadra )--prakA0 rAjanagara jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, rAjanagara, ahamadAbAda; vi0 saM0 1972 : 73. samayasAra (kundakunda )-sampA0 50 pannAlAla, prakA0 zrI gaNezaprasAda' ___ varNI graMthamAlA, vArANasI; dvitIya saMskaraNa, vI0ni0 saM0 2501 74. samavAyAMgasUtra-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara; varSa 1982 75. sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAda) sampA0 phUlacanda zAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, varSa 1955 76. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-sampA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, ___byAvara, varSa 1982 77. sthAnAMgasUtra-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara : varSa 1981 78. harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena )-sampA0 pannAlAla jaina, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; varSa 1962 79. jJAtAdharmakathAGga-sampA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI bAgama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara; varSa 1981

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sandarbha graMtha sUkI : 241. (kha) Adhunika grantha1. AzAdhara paNDita-sAgAra dharmAmRta, prakA0 bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada, sonAgira; varSa 1989-1990 2, Uttam Kamal Jain Muni-Jain Sects and Schools, Pub. ___Consept Publishing Company, Deihi; Year 1975 3. Ekambarnathan, A-Jain Inscriptions in Tamilnadu. Pub. ___Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras; Year 1987 4. kalyANavijayagaNi-zrI paTTAvalo parAga saMgraha, prakA0 zrI ka. vi. ___ zAstra saMgraha samiti, jolora ( rAja0); varSa 1966 5. gupta ramezacandra-tIrthakara. buddha aura abatAra, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; barSa 1988.. . 6. candraprabhasAgara munikharataragaccha kA AdikAlona itihAsa, prakA0 a0 bhA0 zrI jaina zve. kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha dillI; varSa 1990 7. candraprabhasAgara muni-mahopAdhyAya samayasundara vyaktitva evaM kRtila, prakA0 __ kezariyA eNDa kampanI, phalavA varSa 1986 .8. jayamalamuni-bhikSu vicAra darzana, prakA0 zrI jaina zvetAmbara tesapaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, varSa 1960 9, jayaMtavijaya-abudAcala pradakSiNA jaMna lekha saMgraha, prakA0 zrI yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara; vi0 saM0 2005 10. Jain, K. C.-Jainism in Rajasthan, Pub. Jain Sanskrit Samrakshaka Shanga, Solapur 11. jaina, yogezacandra-jaina zramaNa svarUpa aura samIkSA, prakA0 mukti prakA, alIgaMja (u0 pra0); varSa 1990 . 12. jaina, ratanalAla jainadharma, prakA0 a0 bhA0 digambara jaina pariSad, dillI * varSa 1974 13. jaina, zrImatI rAjeza-madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma, prakA0 pAzvanAtha / ..vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1991 14. cana, sAgaramala-ahaMta pAvaM aura unakI paramparA, prakA0 pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1987 1. jaiva, sAmaramala-jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, prakAra . rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura 26, paba, sAmaramala jaina dharma na vApatIya sampradAya, prakAra pAtvanAtha vidyAzrama zoSa saMsthAna, vArANasI. :: ....... ... .

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242: jainadharma ke sampradAya 17. jaina sAgaramala-jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka . adhyayana, prakA0 rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, bhAga 1-2; varSa 1982 18. jaina, sAgaramala-dhArmika sahiSNutA kSaura jaina dharma, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1985 19. jaina, sAgaramala-payuSaNa parva : eka vivecana, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zoSa saMsthAna, vArANI, varSa 1983 20. jaina, hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, prakA0 madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada, bhopAla; varSa 1962 . . 21. Jaini, Padmanabh-Gender & Salvation, Pub. Monshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvr. Ltd., New Delhi; Year 1992 22. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prakA0 bhAratIya mAnapITha, naI dillI; varSa 1971 23. Tatia, Nathmal-Studies in Jain Philosophy, Pub. P.V.. Research Institute, Varanasi; Year 1951 24. tivArI, mArutinandana prasAda jaina pratimAvijJAna, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAdhama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1981 25. tripuTI, mahArAja-jana paramparAnoM itihAsa, prakA0bI pArita smAraka, granthamAlA, bhAvanagara 26. nAgarAja muni-terApaMtha digdarzana, prakA0 zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA; varSa 1959 . 27. nAhaTA, agaracanda-bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, prakAzaka nAhaTA bradarsa, kalakattA 28. nAhara, puraNacanda-jaina lekha saMgraha, prakA0 kompaliyara, kalakattA, bhAga 29. paToriyA, zrImatI kusuma-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, prakA0 vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI; varSa 1988 30. premI, nAthurAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, prakA0 saMzodhita sAhitya mAlA ThAkuradvAra, bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, varSa 1956 31. premI, phUlacanda jaina-mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1987 32. bhAskara, bhAgacanda-jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, prakA0 nAgapura vidyApITha prakAzana, nAgapura; varSa 1977

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI: 243 33. bhikSu AcArya-nava padArtha, prakA0 zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA,. kalakattA; varSa 1961 34. mahAprajJa yuvAcArya-bhikSu vicAra darzana, prakA* jaina vizva bhAratI, lADana' (rAja.); aSTama saMskaraNa, 1985 35. mukhtAra, jugalakizora-cIna sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, prakA0 zrI vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA 36. mehatA, mohanalAla jainadharma darzana, prakA0 pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zoSa saMsthAna, vArANasI; varSa 1973 37. rAjendra muni-caubIsa tIrthakara : eka paryavekSaNa, prakA0 zrI tAraka guru banA anyAlaya, udayapura; varSa 1976 38. rAdhAkRSNa, sarvapallI-bhAratIya darzana, prakA0 rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI, bhAga 1-2, tRtIya saMskaraNa; varSa 1973 39. rAmapuriyA, zrI canda-terApaMtha AcArya caritAvali, prakA0 zrI jaina ___ zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, bhAga 1-2, varSa 1960-1961 40. kor3hA, daulatasiMha-zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, prakA0 zrI yatIndra sAhitya sadana, dhAmar3iyA ( mevAr3a); varSa 1951 41. vijaya dharmasUri-prAcIna lekha saMgraha, prakA0 zrI yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara; varSa 1929 42. vijayamUrti-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prakA0 zrI mANikacandra vigambara jaina . : graMthamAlA, bambaI . 43. vinayasAgara mahopAdhyAya-pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, prakA0 sumati sadana, koTA, . varSa 1953 . 4. gyAsa, esa. Ara.-punarjanma kA siddhAnta, prakA0 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, ... jayapura, varSa 1991 45. zAntimuni-jiNadhammo, prakA0 zrI samatA sAhitya prakAzana TrasTa, indaura; varSa 1984 46. mAvI, lAmacandra jainadharma, prakA0 bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA caturva saMskaraNa, varSa 1966 / 7. zAstro, kAzacandra jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, prakA0 zrI gaNeza prasAda . vI jaina graMthamAlA, vArANaso, bhAga 1 48. cAralI. jagadIza candra-zrImadarAjacandra, prakAra zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka mamala, bambaI; varSa 1938

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. 244 : jainadharma ke sampradAya 49. zAstrI, devendra muni-jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, prakA0 zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura; varSa 1977 ... : . 50. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, prakA0 zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura; varSa 1975 . 51. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana, prakA0 zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, padarAr3A ( rAja0 ) varSa 1971 * * 52. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna pArzva : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, prakA0 . zrI vardhamAna zve0 sthA0 jaina dhAvaka saMgha, nAnA peTha, pUnA; varSa 1969 . " 53. zAstrI, devendra muni-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, prakA0 zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, varSa 1974 54. Shah, U. P.-Studies in Jain-Art, Pub. Jain Cultural Research Society; Year 1955 * 55. saMghavI, sukhalAla-darzana aura cintana, prakA0 jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda varSa 1955 56. saMghavI, sukhalAla-sanmati prakaraNa, prakA* jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, varSa 1963 " 57. samayasundara mahopAdhyAya samAcArImatI jilyattasUri zAna bhaNDAra, bambaI varSa 1939 " 58. sisodiyA, surezacaMdAjmaya paNNayaM, prakA0 ASama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura; varSa 1991 59. sisodiyA, sureza-dIvasAgarapaNNatti paiNayaM, prakA0 Agama, ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura; varSa 1993 60. sisodiyA, sureza-mahApaccakkhANa paigNayaM, prakA0 Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura; varSa 1991-92 - 61. seThiyA, bhairodAna-zrI jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, prakA0 zrI agaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera 62. Sogani, K.C.-Ethical Doctrine of Jainism, Pub. Jain Sanskriti Samrakshaka Sanga, Sholapur; Year 1967 (ga) smRti, abhinandana evaM mahotsaba grantha1. ambAlAla jI ma. sA0 abhinandana andha-sampA0 saubhAgyamuni "kumuda" prakA0 zrI ambAlAla jI abhinandana grantra prakAzana samiti, AneTa; varSa

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI: 245 2. amRta mahotsava gaurava grantha-prakA0 zrI a. bhA. zve0 sthA. jaina kAnphrensa, naI dillI; varSa 1988 3. AcArya AnandaRSi abhinandana grantha-sampA0 zrIcandra surANA, prakA0 mahArASTra sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha , pUnA; varSa 1975 4. AcArya tulasI abhinandana grantha-prabandha sampA0 akSayakumAra jaina, prakA AcArya zrI tulasI dhavala samAroha samiti; varSa 1961 5. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha-prabandha sampA0 kanhaiyAlAla dUgar3a, prakA0 zrI jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA; varSa 1961 6. Aspects of Jainology, Vol. 3, Pt. Dalsukhbhai Malvanta Felicitation ( Vol. 1 ): Editors Prof. M. A. Dhaky & Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Pub. P. V. Research Institute, Varanssi; Year 1991 7. kesarImala surANA abhinandana grantha-pradhAna sampA0 nathamala TATiyA, prakA0 - kesarImala surANA abhinandana grantha samiti, rANAvAsa; varSa 1982 8. puSkara muni abhinandana grantha-pradhAna sampA0 devendramuni zAstrI, prakA. rAjasthAna kesarI, adhyAtmayogI zrI puSkara muni abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, bambaI; varSa 1979 9. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha-sampA0 muni vidyA vijaya, prakA0 zrI bhUpendra sUri sAhitya samiti, Ahora ( rAjasthAna ), varSa 1958 . 10. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni smRti grantha-sampA0 zrIcanda surANA, prakA0 .. muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara; varSa 1985 11. zrImadrarAjendra smAraka grantha-prakA0 zrI saudharmavRhadattapAgacchIya jaina zvetAmbara saMgha, Ahora, bagarA; vi0 saM0 2013 (gha) koza grantha1. aMgrejI hindI koza-sampA0 phAdara kAmila bulke, prakA0 esa0 candra eNDa kampanI, naI dillI; varSa 1968 .. 2. arddhamAgadhI koza-sampA0 ratanacanda jI ma0, prakA0 amara pablikezana, vArANasI, bhAga 1-5; varSa 1988 3. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza-rAjendrasUri viracita, prakA0 ratalAma, bhAga 1-7 - 4. Agamazabda koza-sampA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prakA0 jaina vizva bhAratI, .. lADanU; varSa 1980 - 5. ekArthaka-koza-pradhAna sampA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prakA0 jaina vizva bhAratI .. lADanU; varSa 1984

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... 246 nayA mApradAya 6. netra lakSamAvalI, sampA0 bAlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, prakA0 ora sevA mandira, dillI, bhAga 1-3 varSa 1972-1979 . 7. jainendra siddhAnta koza-sampA0 jinendravI, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, bhAga 1-4, dvitIya saMskaraNa, varSa 1985-1987 8. nAlandA vizAla zabda sAmara-sampA0 navala jI, prakA0 Adarza buka Dipo, dillI; varSa 1983 9. nirUkta koza-pradhAna sampA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prakA* jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU, varSa 1984 10. pAiasadamahaNpavo-sampA0 haragovindadAsa vikramacanda seTha, prakA0 prAkRta - patha pariSada, vArANasI; varSa 1963 11. prAkRta hindI koza-sampA0 ke0 Ara0 candrA, prakAra prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaNDa, ahamadAbAda; varSa 1987 12. saMskRta hindI koza-sampA0 vAmana zivarAma ApTe, prakA0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI; varSa 1966 . (ka) zodha patra-patrikAe~ 1. anekAnta (traimAsika) sampA0 paM0 padmacandra jaina, prakA0 vIra sevAHmaMdira, naI dillI 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (SaTmAsika)-sampAe kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, __ prakA0 zrI jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA (bihAra) 3. tIrthakara (mAsika) sampA0 nemIcaMdra jaina, prakA0 65, patrakAra kAlonI, 4. tulasIprazA (traimAsika)-sampA. DA0 paramezvara solaMkI, prakA0 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU 5. prAkRta vidyA (traimAsika)-sampA0 DA. premasumana jaina, prakA0 prAkRta adhyayana prasAra saMsthAna, udayapura 6. zodhAdarza (traimAsika)-sampA0 DaoN0 zazikAnta jaina, prakA0 tIrthakara mahAvIra smRti kendra, lakhanaU 7. zramaNa (traimAsika)-sampA0 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyA zrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 8. zramaNopAsaka (pAkSika) sampA0 jugarAja seThiyA, prakA0 zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera L--

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saMsthAna-paricaya Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma. sA0 ke 1981 ke udayapura varSAvAsa kI smRti meM janavarI 1983 meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya jainavidyA evaM prAkRta ke vidvAn taiyAra karanA, aprakAzita jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana karanA, jainavidyA meM ruci rakhane vAle vidyArthiyoM ko adhyayana kI suvidhA pradAna karanA, jaina saMskRti kI surakSA ke lie jaina AcAra, darzana aura itihAsa para vaijJAnika dRSTi se grantha taiyAra kara prakAzita karavAnA evaM jaina vidyA-prasAra kI dRSTi se saMgoSThiyA~, bhASaNa, samAroha Adi Ayojita karanA hai| yaha saMsthAna zrI a0 bhA0 sA0 jaina saMgha kI eka mukhya pravRtti hai| saMsthAna rAjasthAna sosAyaToja ekTa 1958 ke antargata rajisTarDa hai evaM saMsthAna ko anudAna rUpa meM dI gayI dhanarAzi para Ayakara adhiniyama kI dhArA 80 (G) aura 12 (A) ke antargata chaTa prApta hai| _jainadharma aura saMskRti ke ina punIta kArya meM Apa isa prakAra sahabhAgI bana sakate haiM (1) vyakti yA saMsthA eka lAkha rupayA yA isase adhika dekara parama saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| aise sadasyoM kA nAma anudAna tithikrama se saMsthAna ke leTarapaiDa para darzAyA jAtA hai| (2) 51,000 rupayA dekara saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| (3) 25,000 rupayA dekara hitaiSI sadasya bana sakate haiN| (4) 11,000 rupayA dekara sahAyaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| (5) 1,000 rupayA dekara sAdhAraNa sadasya bana sakate haiN| (6) saMgha, TrasTa, borDa, sosAyaTI Adi jo saMsthA eka sAtha 20,000 rupaye kA anudAna pradAna karatI hai, vaha saMsthA saMsthAna-pariSada kI sadasya hogii| (7) apane bujurgoM ko smRti meM bhavana nirmANa heta va anya Avazyaka yaMtrAdi hetu anudAna dekara Apa isakI sahAyata (8) apane ghara para par3I prAcIna pAMDulipi upayogI sAhitya pradAna kara sakate haiN| ApakA yaha sahayoga jJAna-sAdhanA ke ra agrasara kregaa|