________________ Preface may not be true that virtuous karmas lead to birth in heaven.' Or, 'Is it silver or nacre? 7. Byfeufet - apratipatti - To be ignorant about the nature-of-the object (vastu-svabhava). "The space (akasa) assists in the motion of the soul and the matter.' 8. 31419 - abhava - To assume something that does not exist. "The horns of the hare.' Further, his discourses are rid of the three faults of the mark (laksana) that is employed to define the object (laksya): 1. 3toute - avyapti - non-pervasiveness - The mark (laksana) is not universally found in the object (laksya). 'Cows are white (laksana).' faltas - ativyapti -over-pervasiveness - The mark (laksana) is also found outside the object (laksya). 'Milk-producing (laksana) animals are cows.' 3. Brufa - asambhavi - impossible - The mark (laksana) cannot be found in the object (laksya). "Winged (laksana) animals are cows.' Acarya Visuddhasagara expounds that right comprehension of the Scripture, in terms of the spiritualism (adhyatma) as well as the Doctrine (siddhanta), is incumbent on the knowledge of pramana and naya. He recommends the study of the following scriptural texts to attain this knowledge: Sri Samantabhadra Svami's Aptamimamsa, Bhatta Akalanka Svami's Astasati, Sri Vidyananda Svami's Astasahasri, Sri Prabhacandra Svami's Prameyakamala-marttanda and Nyayakumudacandra. Further, the study of Bhatta Akalanka Svami's Siddhi-viniscaya, Nyaya-viniscaya, Laghiyastraya and Pramana-parikna, Sri Vidyananda Svami's Satyasasana-parikna, Sri Dharmabhusanayati's Nyayadipika, and Acarya Mallisena's Syadvada-manjari is recommended. One should begin with the study of Acarya Sri Manikyanandi's Pariksamukha-sutra. During the four months of the rainy season (roughly, July to October), a very large number of minute organisms evolve in the environment and to avoid injury to these, the Jaina ascetic (muni) restricts roaming (vihara) 1 See Acarya Dharmabhusanayati's Nyayadipika, p. 143. . . . . . .. . . . XLIX
