________________ Pancastikaya-samgraha (atita), the present (vartamana) and the future (anagata). The empirical past (atita kala) is equal to the numerable avali multiplied by the number of liberated souls (the Siddha). The smallest and indivisible unit of empirical (vyavahara) time (kala) is called the 'samaya'. It depends on the movement of the the atom of matter -pudgala-paramanu. The 'nimisa'depends on the blink of the eye. The 'kastha', 'kala' and 'ghadi' are all multiples of 'nimisa'. The 'dina-rata' depends on the movement of the sun. The 'masa', 'stu', 'ayana'and 'varsa'are all multiples of dina-rata'. Terms constituting numerable (samkhyata) time that are found in the Scripture are as under:1 Innumerable samaya = 1avali Numerable avali = 1 ucсhvāsa (also called 'prana') 7 ucсhvāsa = 1 stoka 7 stoka = 1 lava 3842 lava = 1 nali 2 nali = 1 muhurta (= 48 minutes) 30 muhurta = 1 dina-rata (= 24 hours) 15 dina-rata = 1 paksa 2 paksa = 1 masa (month) 2 masa = 1 rtu 3 rtu = layana 2 ayana = 1 varsa (year) 5 varsa = 1 yuga 2 yuga = 10 varsa 10,000 x 10 varsa = 1 laksa (lakh) varsa 84 x 1 laksa (lakh) varsa (years) = 1 purvanga 1 purva = 84 lakh x 1 purvanga = 84 lakh x 84 lakh years 1- see Appendix-1 to Acarya Samantabhadra's Swayambhustotra - Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara, p. 173-174. 58
