________________ Verse 45 (paramanu) occupies one space-point (pradesa). The atom (paramanu) and its one space-point are one indivisible whole; these exhibit inseparable (avibhakta) indistinctness (ananyapana). The qualities (guna), like touch (sparsa), taste (rasa), smell (gandha) and colour (varna), of the atom (paramanu), too, are found in the same spacepoint (pradesa). Therefore, these qualities (guna) and the atom (paramanu) exhibit inseparable (avibhakta) indistinctness (ananyapana). These, the atom and its qualities, do not exhibit separable (vibhakta) distinctness (anyapana) as illustrated by the two mountains, the Vindhyachal and the Himalaya, which are far apart. Also, the atom and its qualities do not exhibit separable (vibhakta) indistinctness (ananyapana) as illustrated by the mixing of the water and the milk; these two mix with each other but are essentially different. Since the substance (dravya) and the qualities (guna) subsist in the same space-points (pradesa), these do not exhibit either separable (vibhakta) distinctness (anyapana) or separable (vibhakta) indistinctness (ananyapana). Empirically, however, distinction is made between the substance (dravya) and its qualities (guna) from the points-of-view such as designation (samjna), mark (laksana) and purpose (prayojana). 101
