________________ Verse 148 the space-points (pradesa) of the soul (atma) and makes it fit to enter into reciprocal (anyonya) bondage with the karmic-matter (karma pudgala). The activities - 'yoga'-are the external-instrumental-cause (bahiranga-nimitta) of bondage (bandha). Due to the dispostions (bhava) of enjoyment (rati), attachment (raga), aversion (dvesa) and delusion (moha) that the soul (atma) engenders, the matter (pudgala) fit to turn into karmas gets transformed into appropriate karmas. The dispostions (bhava) of the soul (atma) are the internal-instrumental-cause (antaranga-nimitta) of bondage (bandha). The word 'rati' - liking - connotes the quasi-passions (nokasaya) of liking (rati), laughter (hasya), female-sex-passion (striveda), male-sexpassion (punveda), and neuter-sex-passion (napumsakaveda). The word 'raga' - attachment - connotes the passions (kasaya) of deceitfulness (maya) and greed (lobha). The word 'dvesa'- aversion - connotes the passions (kasaya) of anger (krodha) and pride (mana), and quasi-passions (nokasaya) of disliking (arati), sorrow (soka), fear (bhaya) and disgust (jugupsa). The word 'moha'- delusion - connotes wrong-belief (darsanamoha or mithyadarsana). The activity (yoga) causes nature-bondage (prakrtibandha) and spacebondage (pradesabandha), and the passions (kasaya) cause durationbondage (sthitibandha) and fruition-bondage (anubhavabandha). Acarya Umasvami's Tattvarthasutra: सकषायत्वाज्जीवः कर्मणो योग्यान्पुद्गलानादत्ते स बन्धः // 8-2 // जीव कषायसहित होने से कर्म के योग्य पुद्गल परमाणुओं को ग्रहण करता है, वह बन्ध है। The living being - jiva, the soul - actuated by passions (kasaya), retains particles of matter (pudgala) fit to turn into karmas. This is bondage (bandha). . . . . . . . . . . 281
