________________ Verse 41 साथ [ संयुक्तानि ] संयुक्त किये गये हैं। (इस प्रकार ज्ञानोपयोग के आठ 976 ) (Right) Knowledge is of five kinds - sensory (mati), scriptural (sruta), clairvoyance (avadhi), telepathy (manahparyaya), and perfect (kevala). Further, with the three kinds of erroneous-knowledge - erroneous-sensory (kumati), erroneous-scriptural (kusruta), and erroneousclairvoyance (vibhanga), the knowledge-cognition (jnanopayoga) is of eight kinds. EXPLANATORY NOTE Just as the sun is one with its own brightness but when overshadowed by the clouds its brightness gets many hues and shades, similarly, the soul (atma) is one indivisible whole with pure knowledge but being bound, from beginningless time, with the knowledge-obscuring (jnanavaraniya) karmas, its pure knowledge is overshadowed and takes many hues and shades. That which reflects on the objects-of-knowledge through the senses and the mind, or that through which the objects-of-knowledge are reflected upon, or just reflection, is sensory-knowledge (matijnana). Owing to the destruction-cum-subsidence (ksayopasama) of karmas which obscure scriptural-knowledge, that which hears, or through which the ascertained objects are heard, or just hearing, is scripturalknowledge (srutajnana). The next kind of knowledge is called clairvoyance (avadhi) as it ascertains matter in downward range or knows objects within limits. Ascertaining the objects located in another's mind (mana) is telepathy (manahparyaya). Telepathy (manahparyaya) works on the strength of destruction-cumsubsidence (ksayopasama) of karmas of that kind. That for the sake of which the seekers pursue the path of external and internal austerities (tapa) is pure and perfect-knowledge (kevalajnana). It also means 93
