________________ Verse 40 Surely, the soul (jiva), at all times, is inseparable from these two kinds of cognition (upayoga): 1) with knowledge - knowledge-cognition (jnanopayoga), and 2) with perception - perception-cognition (darsanopayoga). EXPLANATORY NOTE That, which arises from both internal and external causes and concomitant with soul-consciousness (caitanya) is cognition (upayoga) - active or attentive consciousness. The soul (jiva) is of the nature of consciousness (cetana) that manifests in form of cognition (upayoga). Through the faculty of cognition (upayoga), the soul (jiva) engages in knowledge (jnana) or perception (darsana) of the knowable (jneya). Cognition (upayoga) is the differentia of the soul. It is inseparable from the soul as it occupies the same space-points as the soul; the difference is only empirical (vyavahara), to facilitate expression of the attribute of the soul. By cognition (upayoga), the soul is distinguished from the body. How are knowledge-cognition (jnanopayoga) and perceptioncognition (darsanopayoga) different? Knowledge-cognition (jnanopayoga) is with details and, therefore, called sakara or savikalpa. Perception-cognition (darsanopayoga) is without details and, therefore, called nirvikara or nirvikalpa or samanyavalokana. These occur in succession in ordinary souls (non-omniscient souls), but occur simultaneously in those who have annihilated karmas. Acarya Umasvami's Tattvarthasutra: उपयोगो लक्षणम् // 2-8 // जीव का लक्षण उपयोग है। Cognition (upayoga) is the mark (laksana) - distinctive characteristic - of the soul (jiva). . . . . . . . . . .
