________________ Pancastikaya-samgraha (b) rasa or taste through the tongue. (c) ghrana or smell through the nose. (d) sabda or sound through the ears. (e) caksu or vision through the eyes. 3. ayuh-prana - the duration of age. 4. ucсhvāsa-niḥśvāsa-prāņa - respiration. Thus the four life-principles (prana) become ten when details are taken into consideration. Not all ten kinds are present in every soul; there are organisms which have not all the five senses. These life-principles are the result of the name-karma (namakarma). These are considered essential characteristics of the soul only from the empirical point-of-view (vyavahara naya) - anupacarita asadbhuta vyavahara naya, i.e., non-figurative expression of an apparently connected but essentially alien attribute. These life-principles do not form the nature of the soul-stuff but are indicators or signs of the presence of the soul in an embodied condition. Since in our mundane existence we are unable to directly perceive the soul, we try to perceive it through these empirical life-principles. These life-principles are not the natural attributes of the soul but are karma-generated. Bound, from beginningless time, with delusion and other karmas, the soul incessantly acquires these material life-principles. Enjoying the fruits of karmas through these life-principles, it again gets bound with karmas. These life-principles are the cause as well as the effect of material karmas and, therefore, are material in nature, as against the non-material nature of the pure soul. So long as the soul does not give up attachment towards external objects, own body being the foremost, it keeps on possessing these material life-principles. @ @ . . . .. . 74
