________________ Verse 5 natural-quality-mode (svabhava guna paryaya). Modification into bound-atoms (skandha) - formed by the union of two or more atoms - is the unnatural-substance-mode (vibhava dravya paryaya) of the matter (pudgala). The modification of the bound-atoms (skandha) from one colour (varna), etc., to another colour (varna), etc., is its unnatural-quality-mode (vibhava guna paryaya). General-qualities (samanya guna), like existence (astitva), activity or arthakriya (vastutva), power of being known (prameyatva), and power of maintaining distinction with all other substances (agurulaghutva), are common to all substances. (see 'Niyamasara', p. 306-307). The five substances with bodily-existence - pancastikaya - exhibit existence (satta) with respect to these qualities (guna) and modes (paryaya). Therefore these are said to exist (asti). Now, these five substances occupy multiple space-points (pradesa) and fill up the three-worlds (loka). Therefore, these are said to have the characteristic of body (kaya). Combining the two characteristics - exist (asti) and body (kaya) - these five substances are called 'with bodily-existence' (astikaya). The substance-of-time (kala dravya) occupies a single space-point (pradesa) and, therefore, does not possess the characteristic of body (kaya). . . . . . . . . . . 15
