Mrutyu ki Dastak

Author(s): Baidyanath Saraswati, Ramlakhan Maurya
Publisher: D K Printworld Pvt Ltd, Nirmalkuar Bose Samarak Pratishthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004376/1

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mRtyu kI dastaka prAcIna zAstra evaM Adhunika jJAna HOO.COM rape Songs COMMEICC Doad saMpAdaka baidyanAtha sarasvatI rAmalakhana maurya

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RA jIvAtmA ke lie sabase bar3A satya hai mRtyu / jIvana meM kevala mRtyu hI avazyaMbhAvI hai kyoMki yahI eka sthiti hai jo jogI aura bhogI, rAjA aura raMka, zAsaka aura zAsita - kisI bhI varga meM bhedabhAva nahIM rkhtii| alaga-alaga dharmoM aura darzanoM ne apane hI dRSTikoNa se isakI vyAkhyA kI hai| ena. ke. bosa memoriyala phAuNDezana, vArANasI, dvArA Ayojita saMgoSThI meM prastuta kiye gaye vicAroM ko ekatrita karake zrI baidyanAtha sarasvatI evaM zrI rAmalakhana maurya ne pAThakoM ke samakSa mRtyu ke svarUpa ko vistRta rUpa meM rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| "mRtyu kI dastaka" meM vibhinna vargoM ke prabuddha janoM ne mRtyu kI avadhAraNA aura usake dhArmika evaM dArzanika abhiprAya kA avalokana kiyA hai| kevala hindU mata hI nahIM, IsAI, muslima, jaina, bauddha aura sikha dharmoM meM kisa dRSTi se mRtyu ko dekhA gayA hai - kyA vaha alpa-virAma hai yA pUrNa-virAma? ina saba viSayoM para vidvAnoM ne apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| mRtyu ke pazcAt hara dharma meM vistRta karmakANDa hote haiN| yahA~ mukhyataH hindU dharma meM mRtyoparAnta kramAgata zrAddha karmoM, unakI vidhi tathA karttA kI yogyatA para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ___ hara yuga meM hara saMskRti ne mRtyu-sambandhI aneka prakAra ke praznoM ko uThAyA hai| jahA~ jIva-vijJAna aura auSadhi-vijJAna ne itanI unnatti kara lI hai ki lupta jIva bhI "kloniMga" se punarjIvita kiyA jA sake, vahA~ mRtyu kA sAmAjika aura vAstavika abhiprAya kyA raha jAegA? aise aura anya savAloM ke uttara pAne ke lie yaha pustaka sabhI vargoM dvArA paThanIya hai|

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mRtyu kI dastaka

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mRtyu kI dastaka prAcIna zAstra evaM Adhunika jJAna saMpAdaka baidyanAtha sarasvatI rAmalakhana maurya DI. ke. priMTavarlDa (prA.) li. naI dillI nirmala kumAra bosa smAraka pratiSThAna vArANasI

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Cataloging in Publication Data - DK [Courtesy: D.K. Agencies (P) Ltd. ] Sangoshthi: Mrtyu ki Avadharana : Pracina Sastra aur * Adhunika Jnana (2002 : Varanasi, India) Mrtyu ki dastaka : pracina Sastra evam adhunika jnana / sampadaka, Baidyanatha Sarasvati, Rama Lakhana Maurya. p. 23 cm. In Hindi. Seminar papers on the concept of death according to the various religions and sacred works; mostly in Indian context. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 8124603146 1. Dealth - Congresses. 2. Death - Religious aspects - Congresses. 3. Philosophy, Indic - Congresses. I. Sarasvati, Baidyanatha. 1932- II. Maurya, Ramalakhana. III. Title. DDC 291.564 24 21 ISBN 81-246-0314-6 prathama saMskaraNa, 2005 (c) nirmala kumAra bosa smAraka pratiSThAna isa pustaka kA, yA isake kisI bhI bhAga kA anuvAda, yA kisI bhI rUpa meM punaH prastutIkaraNa (sivAya choTe-choTe uddharaNa ke) ke lie kApIrAiTa dhAraka tathA prakAzaka se likhita rUpa meM anumati lenA anivArya hai| prakAzakaDI. ke. priNTavarlDa (prA.) li. paMjIkRta kAryAlaya : 'zrI kuJja, epha-52 bAlI nagara, naI dillI - 110 015 dUrabhASaH (011) 25453975, 2546 6019; phaiksa: (011) 2545 5926 I-mela : dkprintworld@vsnl.net veba : www.dkprintworld.com evaM nirmala kumAra bosa samAraka pratiSThAna bI - 8/9, bAr3A gambhIra siMha, vArANasI - 221 001 (u. pra.) dUrabhASaH (0542) 2275289 I-mela : nkbfoundation@yahoo.com mudraka : DI. ke. priNTavarlDa (prA.) li., naI dillI

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viSaya-sUcI prastAvanA ... khaNDa 1 : mRtyu dharma ke pariprekSya meM 1. vIrazaiva dharma meM mRtyu kA vicAra . - candrazekhara mahAsvAmI 2. bauddha dharmaH mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - rAmazaMkara tripAThI 3. mRtyu mahotsava : jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM __- munnI puSpA jaina .. 4. jaina darzana meM mRtyu vijJAna : saMthArA ke pariprekSya meM . - anekAnta kumAra jaina 5. ArAdhanA kI jaina avadhAraNA evaM saMllekhanA - sudhIra kumAra rAya 6. jaina dharma meM janma aura mRtyu - siyAzaraNa pANDeya 1. sikha dharma meM mRtyu kA svarUpa - reNu dvivedI 8. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : islAma kI dRSTi meM . - muktadA hasana az2aharI khaNDa 2 : mRtyu zAstroM meM ... 9. mRtyu ke nAnA prakAra - vrajavallabha dvivedI

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mRtyu kI dastaka 10. upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prabhunAtha dvivedI 11. mRtyu vimarza : viSNu purANa tathA agni purANa meM vidyamAna yamagItAoM ke saMdarbha meM - kapiladeva pANDeya 12. gItA meM mRtyu kI saMkalpanA - baMzIdhara tripAThI 13. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : bhAratIya darzana ke pariprekSya meM . - raghunAtha giri 14. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : eka anucintana - vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA 15. jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu vicAra - trilokanAtha mizra 16. mRtyu kA karmakANDa - saMtoSa kumAra mizra khaNDa 3 : mRtyu aura Adhunika jJAna 17. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika, jJAna - bhAnuzaMkara mehatA / 18. mRtyu : saccI yA jhuutthii| - vijaya kumAra rAya 19. mRtyu : AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa - minatI 20. amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava - ajaya kumAra zrIvAstava 21. bhAratIya paramparA meM mRtyu prasaMga vicAra - hetukara jhA 22. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : samAjazAstra ke pariprekSya meM - kusuma giri

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viSaya-sUcI vii 176 180 23. mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : eka samAjazAstrIya anudRSTi - suSamA khannA 24. melAna : eka loka avadhAraNA - rAghavendra pratApa siMha 25. janma, jIvana evaM mRtyu - dInAnAtha jhunajhunavAlA 26. jIvana kI mRtyu sahelI hai - rAmapraveza zAstrI 27. mRtyu ke AnandamayI uttama svarUpa vidhAyaka pratIka vyaktitva mahAtsA kabIra - rameza nArAyaNa sahayogI lekhakoM kA paricaya . 187 192 196 anukramaNikA 198

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prastAvanA - baidyanAtha sarasvatI - rAma lakhana maurya vArANasI, 1-3 navambara 2002 / nirmala kumAra bosa pratiSThAna kI ora se bosa smRti saMgoSThI kA aayojn| viSaya thA "mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna / " vibhinna vidyAoM ke cAlIsa vidvAnoM ne isa saMgoSThI meM bhAga liyaa| unameM se kucha ne AMgla bhASA meM apane vicAra prastuta kiye, jinheM alaga se "Voice of Death : Traditional Thought and Modern Science" zIrSaka ke antargata prakAzita kiyA hai| prastuta aMka meM hindI bhASA ke 27 lekhoM kA saMkalana hai| viSaya pratipAdana mRtyu sArvabhaumika hai| janma bhI sArvabhaumika hai| kintu tAttvika dRSTi se kyA ye donoM samAna haiM? athavA mRtyu ke apane siddhAMta haiM aura jIvana ke isase bhinna? kyA ina donoM kA prArambha eka sAtha huA thA? athavA eka dUsare ke bAda? ye kisameM sthita haiM? kisa prakAra prakaTa hote haiM? mImAMsA kI dRSTi se kyA ye donoM eka hI prakAra ke satya haiM? kyA ye brahmANDa kI utpatti kI prakriyA meM samAna rUpa se AveSTita haiM? jIvana aura mRtyu se pare kyA koI tIsarA bhI satya hai? yadi hAM to kyA manuSya usa tIsare satya kA anubhava kara sakatA hai? kyA sirpha manuSya ko hI isakI anubhUti ho sakatI hai? athavA anya prANiyoM ko bhI? kyA amaratva kA bodha maraNoparAnta hI hotA hai? kaise? kyA jIvana aura mRtyu kA cakra eka dina apane Apa sadA-sarvadA ke lie samApta ho jAyegA? isa prakAra kI parikalpanAoM kA AdhAra kyA hai? paramparAgata saMskRtiyoM ne mRtyu se sambandhita aneka prakAra ke prazna uThAye haiN| samIcIna uttara dene kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| hindU dharmazAstra ke anusAra mRtyu kisI pApa kA pariNAma nahIM hai| apitu pratyeka jIva kI yaha eka aparihArya avasthA hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki mRtyu prakAza meM AplAvita hai| mRtyu se hI jIva amaratva prApta karatA hai| pArthiva zarIra meM amaratva prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mRtyu apane Apa meM aniSTakArI nahIM hai| yaha manuSya ko devaloka aura

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2 . .. mRtyu kI dastaka deva ko manuSyaloka meM pahuMcAtI hai| hinduoM meM eka aura loka kI kalpanA hai| vaha hai . pitaraloka / pAramArthika dRSTi se mRtyu vizva-vyavasthA ko ujAgara karane vAlI dviguNa satya hai| yaha pArthiva mArga kI vipadA kA anta karatI hai aura AkAzIya mArga kA dvAra kholatI hai| mRtyu eka aisA dRzya-prapaMca hai jisase samasta vizva meM naisargika ekatvatA banI rahatI hai| vizva ke rUpAntaraNa meM bhI isakI aham bhUmikA hai| yaha parivartana ke dvArA nirantara navajIvana pradAna karatI rahatI hai| bauddha aura jaina dharmoM meM bhI mRtyu ke isa pakSa para gahana vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isI AdhAra para ina dharmoM kA vaidika, aupaniSadika aura paurANika paramparAoM se sAmaMjasya sthApita hotA hai| yahUdI, IsAI aura islAma dharmoM ne bhI mRtyu kA rahasyodghATana kiyA hai| inake anusAra Izvara (gaoNDa) meM sthita rahakara hI manuSya mRtyu para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| Izvara kA avatAra lenA aura duHkha evaM mRtyu ko varaNa karanA aisI ghaTanA hai jisase yaha rahasya spaSTa hotA hai| sUlI para car3hakara IsA masIha ne mAnava mRtyu kA haraNa kiyA thaa| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki manuSya ko pApa se mukta karane ke lie ve svayaM punarjIvita hue| semAiTI meM yaha Ama vizvAsa hai ki Izvara manuSya ke jIvanakAla meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai| hindU dharma bhI isa avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai| isake anusAra Izvara samaya-samaya para manuSya hI nahIM balki pazu ke rUpa meM bhI avatarita hotA hai| sabhI dharmoM meM zarIra aura AtmA kA bheda darzAyA gayA hai tathA eka athavA eka se adhika Izvara ke avatarita hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| AdimajAtIya saMskRti meM mRtyu kI kalpanA anya saMskRtiyoM se bhinna hai| unakI aisI mAnyatA hai ki pArthiva jIvana aura maraNoparAnta kI avasthA meM koI bahuta bar3A (maulika) antara nahIM hai| ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki paraloka kA jIvana pRthvIloka ke jIvana se adhika sukhada aura sundara hai| unakI dRSTi meM mRtyu kI sthiti jIvana ke anya parivartanoM se kucha adhika bhinna nahIM hai| bhinnatA hai nAmamAtra kii| pArthiva zarIra parivartanazIla hai| jIvAtmA mRtyu se sAtatya banAye rakhatI hai| AdimajAtIya jIvana meM samayabaddhatA kI pradhAnatA hai| vyakti pratyeka saMyojana meM svabhAvataH parivartita hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra kI vizvadRSTi meM yaha mAnya hai ki pratyeka jIva ko mRtyu aura punarjanma kA jokhima banA rahatA hai| isa tathya ko AdhyAtmika siddhAMta ke AdhAra para hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| Adima saMskRtiyoM kI dRSTi meM mRtyu jIva kA nirantara sAthI hai| inameM karmakANDa kA mahattva hai| maraNoparAnta jIvana kI kalpanA aisI hai jo manuSya ko anya prANI se abhinna tathA samasta brahmANDa ke bIca use ekatvatA kA bodha karAtI hai| siddhAntataH Adhunika saMskRti aihalaukika jIvana para hI kendrIbhUta hai| isameM maraNAsanna evaM mRtaka ke liye kisI prakAra kI sambaddhatA nahIM hai| AdhunikatA kI manovRtti vAle loga paramparAgata samAja ke vicAra-vyavahAra se sarvathA bhinna haiN| prAcIna samAja ke liye janma aura

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prastAvanA mRtyu donoM hI aparihArya anuSThAna haiN| AdhunikatAvAda meM aihika vyavasthA kI pradhAnatA hai| isameM zarIra kA mola hai| Ajakala aspatAloM meM mRtaka zarIra ko kRtrima rUpa se "jIvita" rakhane kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| aisA karane kA uddezya kyA hai? kyA amaratva kA artha hai zarIra se cipake rahanA? yadi mRtyu nahIM to jIvana kaisA? aMdhakAra nahIM to prakAza kaisA? "mRtyu" jIvana se kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| hindU dharmazAstra meM isake aneka paryAyavAcI zabda haiM, jaise "ziva", "zubha", "mahAkAla" (pralaya ke devtaa)| mRtyu eka nirapekSa siddhAMta hai, Akasmika ghaTanA hai| "mahAkAla" apanI "tIsarI AMkha" se sRSTi kA anta karate haiN| cInI bhASA ke zabda "ziH" kAla ke liye prayukta hotA hai| isakA tAttvika artha hai guNAtmaka kAla / sRSTi kA prArambha aura anta nirdiSTa kAla se hI hotA hai| sRSTikartA brahmA kA kAla, viSNu aura maheza ke kAla se choTA hai| isa prakAra kA vizvabodha semAiTI dharmoM tathA vikAsavAdI siddhAMtoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| __ vikAsa vaijJAnika aura anAsthAvAdI vidvAn donoM hI janma aura mRtyu ke prazna ko anAsakta bhAva se dekhate haiN| sRSTi ke vikAsa ke krama meM manuSya eka navIna jIva hai| anAsthAvAdiyoM ne manuSya ko saMsAra kA samrAT mAna liyA hai| ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki yaha samrAT asthAyitva ko protsAhita karatA hai| arthAt ve bhautika vastu kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko svIkAra karate haiN| paraspara vyavahAra meM mAnavIya sambandha bhI kSaNika haiN| idhara kucha vaijJAnika nirvApaNa (eksaTiMgvizana) ke siddhAMta kI carcA karane lage haiN| inake anusAra bahutere prANI kAla-krama se sadA-sarvadA ke lie vilupta ho cuke haiN| prazna uThatA hai - aisA kyoM? inake nirvApaNa kA kyA kAraNa thA? kyA kharAba jIna (jIvANu kozatattva)? athavA kucha aura? kyA "nirvApaNa" zAzvat vidhAna hai? yadi hAM, to isa prakAra prANiyoM meM astitva (jIne kI kSamatA athavA Ayu kA) bheda kyoM? kyA yaha bhinnatA daihika (phijiyolaoNjikala) hai athavA AkRtika (mArapholaoNjikala) kAraNoM se hai? kyA per3a, paudhe, pakSI evaM anya prANiyoM kA jIvanakAla usakI saMracanA para hI AdhArita hai? hindU dharma ke anusAra janma aura mRtyu donoM hI kAla aura sthAna kI vizeSatA se jur3e hue haiN| isameM zubha aura azubha kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra.kI dhAraNA kA jaivikI se kyA sambandha hai? dharma aura vijJAna eka-dUsare se kitanA dUra aura kitanA nikaTa haiM? uparokta praznoM ke saMdarbha meM vidvAn lekhakoM ne jo apane-apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiM use tIna khaMDoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai - dharma, zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna / prAyaH sabhI lekha siddhAMta pradhAna haiN| prathama khaNDa - dharma prAcIna logoM ke vicAra meM, "mRtyu" dharma kI dhAraNA se sambandhita hai| prathama ATha nibandhoM meM vIrazaiva, bauddha, jaina, sikha aura islAma kI dRSTi se mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ko samajhane kA

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4 . . mRtyu kI dastaka prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta AThoM lekha dharma, grantha aura dharmAcAra pravartakoM ke vicAra para AdhArita haiN| vIrazaiva dharma (liMgAyata sampradAya) ke AcArya zrI candrazekhara mahAsvAmI jI ne zaiva siddhAMta ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI vyAkhyA kI hai| vIrazaiva ke pramukha graMtha zrI siddhAMtazikhAmaNi ke anusAra jIva ke janma aura maraNa kI nirantara AvRtti hI saMsAra-cakra hai| SaDavidhA vikAroM se jIva nirantara calAyamAna hotA rahatA hai| skanda purANa meM bhI ullekha hai ki jIvAtmA ko apane prArabdha karma ke bhoga ke liye caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| prArabdha karma kA kSaya hote hI jIvAtmA zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai, jise maraNa kahate haiN| aTThAisa zaivAgamoM para AdhArita vIrazaiva siddhAMta pAramezvarAgama meM punarjanma kA niSedha hai| eka sau eka sthalAtmaka sAdhanA dvArA sAdhaka paraziva brahmA ke sAtha samarasatA anubhava karane lagatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha jIvanamukta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sAdhaka kA punarjanma nahIM hotaa| zrI rAmazaMkara tripAThI ne bauddha dRSTi meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kA sAMgopAMga varNana prastuta kiyA hai| AtmA aura AtmIya ke astitva ko nakArate hue unhoMne maraNa ke bheda evaM mRtyu ke kAraNoM (AyuHkSaya, karmakSaya, upabhayakSaya evaM upacchedaka karma) kI viSad carcA kI hai| lekha ke anta meM, mRtyu ke samaya hone vAle kisI bhI prakAra ke bhaya evaM kaSTa se mukti ke liye maraNAnusmRti kI bhAvanA karane kA nirdeza evaM bhAvanA vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| suzrI munnI puSpA jaina ne jaina dharma meM mRtyu mahotsava kI carcA kI hai| isameM zarIra tyAga jaise aTala satya ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM - (1) cyuta - Ayu pUrNa hone para zarIra chUTanA, (2) vyakti viSaya kSaNa - nimitta kAraNoM se zarIra chor3anA arthAt AtmaghAta, aura (3) tyakta - viveka sahita saMnyAsasya pariNAmoM se zarIra chodd'naa| inameM tyakta' ko hI sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa kahate haiN| jIvana jInA hI kalA nahIM, mRtyu ke kSaNoM meM vivekapUrvaka svayaM ko sambhAle hue dharma ke sAtha maranA usase bhI bar3I kalA hai| jaina zAstroM meM sallekhanA dvArA samAdhimaraNa ko zAzvat sukha dene vAlA kalpavRkSa ke samAna batAyA gayA hai| isameM jIvana kA moha, maraNa kA bhaya donoM samApta ho jAte haiN| lekhikA ne sallekhanA ke sAdhaka kI mAnasika taiyArI tathA puNya yajJa meM sahAyakoM kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA hai| zrI anekAnta jaina ne jaina dharma dvArA svIkRta mRtyu ke svecchAkaraNa ke saMpratyaya saMthArA athavA sallekhanA para prakAza DAlA hai| mRtyu avazyamabhAvI hai| dhairyavAna, adhairyavAna donoM ko maranA hai| zIlavAna bhI mRtyu ko prApta hoMge aura azIlavAna bhI / mRtyu kI avazyamabhAvI sthiti meM dhairya aura zIlapUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa karanA sallekhanA kA vaicArika AdhAra hai| AtmA ko duHkha dene vAle cAra kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha) kA kSaraNa karanA sallekhanA kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai| ataH sallekhanA dvArA mRtyu ko prApta karanA eka dhArmika sAdhanA hai| jaina dharma ne upasarga, durbhikSa, z2arA athavA rUgNa sthiti meM (jaba mRtyu pratikArarahita aura

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prastAvanA asAdhya ho to) sAdhaka ko sallekhanA karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| AtmahatyA aura sallekhanA meM antara spaSTa karate hue lekhaka ne mRtyu ke isa svecchAvaraNa ko parama AdhyAtmika bhAvapariSkAra kI cikitsA kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| zrI sudhIra kumAra rAya ne jainAcArya zivArtha racita bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| isake anusAra marate samaya kI ArAdhanA hI yathArtha ArAdhanA hai| marate samaya jo ArAdhaka hotA hai usake samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra aura tapa kI sAdhanA ko "ArAdhanA' kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA jinAgama meM ullekhita maraNa ke satraha prakAra batAye gaye haiM jinheM saMkSipta kara bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke graMthakAra ne pAMca taka sImita kiyA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti tathA sthAnAMga meM maraNa ke do-do bheda batAye gaye haiN| ina maraNa prakAroM ke kramazaH bAraha tathA anta meM do kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| anta meM lekhaka ne sallekhanA ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| zrI siyAzaraNa pANDeya ne cikitsA vijJAna evaM jaina dharma kI dRSTi se janma aura mRtyu kI prakriyA para prakAza DAlA hai| vijJAna AtmA kI maraNatA aura punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM karatA tathA mRtyu ko jIvana kA sarvathA anta mAnatA hai| dhArmika AdhyAtmika dRSTi meM mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM, mAtra zarIra kA parivartana hai| jaina dharmAnusAra AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga hI jIvana kA mUla tattva hai| pudgala dvArA jIva ko AvRtta kara lenA hI baMdhana hai, tathA inakA saMbaMdha-viccheda hI mRtyu / oja-AhAra aura AyuSya kA kSINa honA mRtyu hai| lekhaka ne anta meM punarjanma kI jaina avadhAraNAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| prANI ke tIna zarIra - audArika, tejasa aura kArmeNa meM aMtima do sUkSma haiM jo mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI rahate haiN| inase yukta rahate hue AtmA ko audArika (sthUla) zarIra ko tyAgakara punarjanma lenA par3atA hai| suzrI reNu dvivedI ne sikha dharma meM mRtyu ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| jIvana mRtyu kI sattA kA AdhAra hai| janma aura mRtyu ke cakra meM phaMse isa saMsAra meM mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| kintu mRtyu paMcabhautika zarIra kI hotI hai, jIva to avinAzI hai| dharmazAstroM kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko sikha dharma meM bhI mAnyatA milI hai| lekhikA ne jIva kI amaratA tathA pUrva evaM pUrva janma kI avadhAraNA ko rekhAMkita karate hue sikha dharma ke Adi pravartaka guru nAnaka kI racanAoM meM janma aura mRtyu ke vicAra kI talAza kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sikha dharma guruoM kA vicAra hai ki jIva apane "kirata dharma" arthAta kiye gaye karmoM ke anusAra hI janma grahaNa karatA hai aura mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| mAyA ke kAraNa karmopabhoga ke lie jIva zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai, karmopabhoga pUrNa ho jAne para zarIra kA tyAga kara detA hai| mRtyu ke nizcit hone para bhI jo Izvara kI kRpA prApta kara letA hai vaha mRtyu para vijaya prApta kara letA hai, aura janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTakara Izvara meM samA jAtA hai| sikha dharma meM isI avasthA ko jIva kI amaratva prApti kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai|

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6 . mRtyu kI dastaka zrI muktadA hasana ajaharI ne kuraAna aura hadIsa ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI vivecanA prastuta kI hai| inake anusAra mRtyu aparihArya satya hai aura usake bAda naye jIvana kA Agamana hotA hai| unhoMne mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kI avasthA, kabra kI avasthA tathA sakayat / (maraNAsanna) avasthA ke pratyayoM kI vivecanA karate hue imAmag2ajAlI, zAhavalIullAha, aura imAmaibna kayyUma ke kathanoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| islAma kI AsthA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt jaba nyAya kA dina sthApita hogA taba sampUrNa mAnava evaM jinna ko jIvita karake unheM ekatra kiyA jAyegA aura unake karmoM ke anusAra svarga yA narka kA adhikArI banAyA jAyegA, jahA~ manuSya daNDa yA acchA pratiphala bhoga kregaa| dvitIya khaNDa - zAstra . dUsare khaMDa meM dharma kI dhAraNA ko spaSTa karane ke liye prAcIna zAstroM; vizeSakara upaniSada, purANa, taMtra, jyotiSa aura karmakANDa, ke AdhAra para mRtyu-sambandhI vicAra pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| __ taMtra vidyA ke AcArya zrI vrajaballabha dvivedI ne zAstroM meM mRtyu ke nAnA prakAra kI vyAkhyA kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| nityASoDazikArNava nAmaka tripurA-teja kI TIkA ke AdhAra para batAyA gayA hai ki kAla, mRtyu, yama aura vyAdhi vAstava meM eka hI tattva ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| kaThopaniSad meM yama aura naciketA kA saMvAda hai| isameM mRtyu ko hI vaivasvata aura aMtaka bhI kahA gayA hai| ye donoM yama ke hI nAma haiN| yoga zAstra meM bhI kAla zabda mRtyu kA hI sUcaka hai| mRtyu ke rahasya ko jAnane kI naciketA kI utkaTa abhilASA ko dekhakara yamarAja isa pUre upaniSad meM isake rahasya ko samajhAte haiN| yahAM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki jo paraloka ko nahIM mAnatA, vaha janma-mRtyu ke nirantara gatizIla cakra meM cakkara kATatA rahatA hai| Age isa pUre upaniSad meM mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane kI paddhati varNita hai| pUrA upaniSad-sAhitya manuSya kI mRtyu para kI gaI vijaya-yAtrA kA dastAveja hai| samasta upaniSadoM meM bhAratIya darzanoM evaM dharmazAstra ke granthoM meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka puruSArthoM kI vizad vyAkhyA milatI hai| mukta jIva kisa zAzvat sthiti meM rahatA hai, isa viSaya para pratyeka darzana kI apanI-apanI mAnyatA hai, kintu mRtyu ke pAza se vaha sadA-sadA ke liye mukta ho jAtA hai, isa viSaya meM sabhI darzana ekamata haiN| janma aura mRtyu kA cakra sadA-sarvadA ke liye kabhI nahIM ruktaa| ___ zrI prabhunAtha dvivedI ne upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI avadhAraNA para prakAza DAlA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM eka AkhyAna ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki sabhI indriyoM meM prANa zreSTha hai| brAhmaNa granthoM aura upaniSad granthoM meM mRtyu ko nAnA rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai - agni mRtyu hai, prANa mRtyu hai, avAMga prANa mRtyu hai, saMvatsara mRtyu hai, bubhukSA mRtyu hai, prajApati mRtyu hai, zrama mRtyu hai, Aditya bhI mRtyu hai, dina

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prastAvanA aura rAtri mRtyu haiM, agni, vAyu, sUrya aura candramA mRtyu haiN| yahAM jise mRtyu kahA gayA hai ve mRtyu ke hetu haiN| kAraNa aura kArya meM abheda mAnakara unakI mRtyu rUpatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| kaThopaniSad meM mRtyu ko paramezvara (anirvacanIya devI) ke upasecana (bhojya vastu ke sAtha lagAkara khAne vAlA vyaMjana) kahA gayA hai| aitareyopaniSad meM mRtyu ko apAna rUpa kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna kRSNa ne svayaM ko yama, kAla aura mRtyu kahA hai| zrI kapiladeva pANDeya ne viSNu purANa tathA agni purANa meM vidyamAna yama gItAoM ke saMdarbha meM mRtyu kI vyAkhyA kI hai| AyuSya-samApti kA nAma mRtyu hai| mRtyu ke devatA yama mAne gaye haiN| yama ke caudaha paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM tIna vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM - yama, kAla aura vaivasvata / vidvAn lekhaka ne isakI vyAkhyA kI hai| yamarAja arthAt mRtyu devatA ko sUrya kA putra vaivasvata batAyA gayA hai| kAla kA eka artha samaya bhI hotA hai, jo sUrya se hI udbhUta hotA hai| sUrya kI gati se hI dina-rAta, sauramAsa, saMkrAnti, varSa, ayan, yuga aura kalpa banate haiN| loka vyavahAra meM mRtyu ko vyakti vizeSa ke kAyAjIva kA kAla A jAne kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| parivartana kI prakriyA ke antargata zarIrApacaya hetu kAla upasthita hone para mRtyu ho jAtI hai| mRtyu ke do paryAya haiM - maraNa aura ym| isa loka meM jo kucha bhautika yA sthUla hai usakI mRtyu hotI hai tathA jo deza-kAla evaM kAraNa-kArya-niyama se pare hai usakI kabhI mRtyu nahIM hotI, vaha mRtyurahita hai, vaha amara hai| zarIra kI mRtyu hotI hai, AtmA kI nhiiN| yamagItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki viSNu kI bhakti hI janma-mRtyu ke cakra se kisI ko mukti dilA sakatI hai aura antima puruSArtha mokSa kI ora pravRtta kara sakatI hai| zrI baMzIdhara tripAThI ne gItA ke saMdarbha meM prakRti, puruSa evaM mRtyu kI vyAkhyA kI hai| gItA svayaM upaniSad hai, vidyA hai, yogazAstra hai| gItA meM jahAM kahIM bhI Atmatattva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, usameM bAra-bAra yaha bAta kahI gayI hai ki Atmatattva nitya hai, avinAzI hai, aprameya hai, achedya hai, ajara hai, amara hai, triguNAtIta hai, kiMvA svayaM paramAtma tattva hai| jIva rUpa meM deha meM sthita hai| Atmatattva kA hI dUsarA nAma puruSa hai| prakRti Atmatattva se bhinna sattA hai| puruSa jaMba prakRti se saMyoga kI sthiti meM AtA hai to vaha dehagata ho jAtA hai| jaMba puruSa athavA jIva deha se pRthak hotA hai to isa sthiti ko hI mRtyu kahate haiN| pArthakya ke isa krama meM mRtyu deha kI hotI hai, jIva kI nahIM, deha kI mRtyu bhI deha ke vinAza ke artha meM nahIM hotii| mRtyukrama meM paMcabhUtoM se nirmita deha tattva bhUtoM meM lauTa jAte haiN| bhUtoM kA lauTakara apanI mUla sthiti meM jAnA hI mRtyu hai| mRtyu kI ghaTanA purAne vastroM ko utArane jaisI hai| punarjanma kI ghaTanA naye vastroM ko dhAraNa karane jaisI hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI mAnasa meM jIva aura deha ke sambandha ko lekara jo rUpaka bAMdhate haiM, usakA svara gItA se bhinna hai| gosvAmI jI mAnate haiM ki prakRti jar3a hai aura jIvana cetnaa| ina donoM ke bIca milana kI eka gAMTha bana gayI hai| yaha gAMTha itanI ulajha gayI hai ki ise sulajhAnA saba jIvoM ke basa kI bAta nahIM hai| gosvAmI jI ke anusAra deha meM jIva kI sthiti vahI hai

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8 . mRtyu kI dastaka jaisI piMjar3e meM tote aura madArI kI Dora se baMdhe bandara kI hotI hai| gItA kA jIva aisI. dAsatAM kI sthiti meM nahIM hai| kabIra deha ko ghaTa aura jIva ko ghaTajala ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| ghaTajala kA dRSTAnta aura gItA kA jIva eka-dUsare se bhinna haiN| ghaTajala meM puruSArtha kA nitAnta abhAva rahatA hai jabaki gItA ke dehasthita jIva meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| gItA meM jIva aura deha kI jo saMkalpanA kI gayI hai, vahI janma evaM mRtyu kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM sakSama hai| __ zrI raghunAtha giri ne bhAratIya darzana ke pariprekSya meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA para vicAra kiyA hai| Rgveda saMhitA ke nAsadIya sUkta meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki eka samaya aisA bhI thA jaba na asat thA aura na sat thA, na mRtyu thI aura na amRta thA, na dina thA aura na rAtri thii| isa kathana se tArkika dRSTi se eka aura tathya udghATita ho rahA hai ki mRtyu aura jIvana meM tArkika virodha nahIM hai, apitu mRtyu evaM amRtattva meM tArkika virodha hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki jo janma letA hai usakI mRtyu avazya hogI aura jo maregA usakA janma honA anivArya hai| isa kathana kA pUrvArddha sArvabhauma aura nirvivAda hai kintu antarArddha zAstra pramANa yA zraddhA evaM vizvAsa ke AdhAra para hI mAnya ho sakatA hai, sAtha-sAtha yaha nirvivAda bhI nahIM hai kyoMki vizva meM aneka aisI dhArmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAyeM haiM jinameM mRtyu ke bAda janma hone kI bAta svIkRta nahIM hai| bhAratIya cintana meM usa pada, sthiti, avasthA kA nirdeza kiyA jAne lagA ki mRtyu ke prabhAva se sadA ke liye vinirmukti hai jise mokSa, mukti, apavarga, paramapada, nirvANa, niHzreyasa Adi zabdoM ke dvArA abhihita kiyA jAne lagA aura usakI prApti ke upAyoM para cintana, AcaraNa evaM anuSThAna kA Arambha huaa| yaha pada AkarSaka to hai kintu zraddhA, vizvAsa evaM zAstra pramANa ke atirikta isako mAnane ke liye koI dRr3ha AdhAra nahIM hai| jisakI mRtyu hotI hai usakA tAttvika svarUpa kyA hai? isa svAbhAvika prazna ke uttara ke liye bhAratIya tattva mImAMsA kI do dhArAyeM haiM - eka hai nityavAdI aura dUsarI anityvaadii| donoM dhArAoM meM matya ke astitva evaM mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vizva meM eka ora aise prANI haiM jinakI Ayu kucha kSaNa se kucha mAha taka sImita hotI hai, aura dUsarI ora kucha aise prANI haiM jinakI Ayu kucha varSoM se lekara hajAroM varSa taka kI hotI hai| darzana-zAstra isakA kAraNa bhoga kI mAtrA ko mAnatA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM mRtyu se sadA ke liye chuTakArA prApta hone vAlI jisa sthiti kI carcA kI jAtI hai vaha mukti, mokSa, nirvANa, apavarga, niHzreyas Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| zrI vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA ke anusAra mRtyu kI avadhAraNA nirUpita karanA kaThina hai kyoMki mRtyu-sambandhI na to koI anubhava hotA hai aura na kisI prakAra kI anubhUti hii| isakA anumAna bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki anumAna usI kA hotA hai jisakA kabhIna-kabhI pratyakSIkaraNa huA rahatA hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika sAtra ne kahA hai ki "AdamI kI koI avadhAraNA nahIM banatI hai kyoMki manuSya sadA hone kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| ava

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prastAvanA dhAraNA to usI kI banatI hai jo pUrA ho cukA hotA hai|" sabase vicAraNIya bAta to yaha hai ki mRtyu hotI kisakI hai? kyoMki zarIra jar3a hotA hai aura AtmA abhaya / ataH vidvAn lekhaka ko aisA nahIM lagatA hai ki mRtyu kI koI avadhAraNA banatI bhI hai| phira bhI unhoMne mRtyusambandhI kaI AyAma upasthita kiye haiM, jaise mRtyu ke lie prayukta pramukha zabda mahAprayANa, videhamukti, ciranidrA, svargavAsa, mrnaa-maarnaa| prANa ke dasa bheda, mRtyu kI kAmacalAU avadhAraNA, mRtyu ke cAra prakAra, jIvana aura mRtyu eka-dUsare ke pUraka, mRtyu nizcit athavA anizcit tathA mRtyu sAdhya yA sAdhana / dArzanika lekhaka ne isa prakAra ke kaI prazna uThAye haiN| zrI trilokanAtha mizra ne jyotiSa-zAstra ke anusAra mRtyu para vicAra kiyA hai| jyotiSa ke do pramukha vibhAga haiN| eka gaNita aura dUsarA phalita ina donoM kA vahI sambandha hai jo zabda aura artha kaa| sUrya siddhAMta jyotiSa kA Arse grantha hai| isake anusAra mRtyu ke kaI prasaMga aura pakSa haiN| zubha aura azubha grahoM ke astitva ke anusAra mRtyu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaise jAtaka ke janma anusAra mAtA aura pitA kI mRtyu kA samaya, strI kI mRtyu, santAna kI mRtyu, graha-sthiti ke anusAra alpAyu kA vicAra, mArakeza kA vicAra, mRtyu samaya ke lagna kA jJAna, mRtyu kA sthAna, grahayogAnusAra mRtyu kAraNa tathA grahoM se mRtyukArI rogoM kA anumAna / jyotiSa se bhinna anya zAstroM meM bhI mRtyu para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| garur3a purANa meM mRtyu ke aMtima kSaNa tathA mRtyu ke pazcAt mRtaka kI AtmA kI yAtrA aura tatsambandhI anubhava kA viSad varNana hai| jyotiSa-zAstra meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA daihika stara taka hI sImita hai| upaniSad aura purANa ne isakI avadhAraNAoM ko aura adhika vyApaka banAyA hai| garur3a purANa mRtyu ke karmakANDa kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| jyotiSa bhI karmakANDa kA aMga hai| . zrI saMtoSa kumAra mizra ne mRtyu ke karmakANDa para prakAza DAlA hai| mRtyu sArvabhaumika hai, aparihArya hai| mokSa (mukti) durlabha hai| kisI ko hI milatA hai, isake liye prabhukRpA tathA kaThina tapasyA kI apekSA hai| mRtyu ke bAda janma lene kI bAdhyatA hai| mokSa janma-maraNa donoM se mukti hai| hindU saMskAra mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| isa loka kI apekSA paraloka kA mUlya adhika hai| maraNottara saMskAra paraloka meM mRtaka ke bhAvI sukha evaM kalyANa ke dhAraka haiN| isIliye inakA mUlya hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt apane viziSTa sthAna kI prApti meM mRtaka kI sahAyatA karanA jIvita sambandhiyoM kA pAvana karttavya hai| mRtyu saMskAra - pUrvA, madhyamA tathA uttarA - tIna caraNoM meM sampanna hote haiN| lekhaka ne isakI savistAra prastuti kI hai| pUrvA meM vaitaraNI, bhUmiyoga, zavayAtrA, sabhI vidhi ke dAha saMskAra se lekara azauca, asthi saMcaya, dazagAtra, zrAddhakarma tathA paMcanakha taka samAhita kiyA gayA hai| dazagAtra ke pazcAt sapiNDIkaraNa taka ke zrAddha karmoM kA ullekha madhyamA kriyA meM varNita hai| uttara kriyA vyApaka hai| isameM sabhI zrAddha karmoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| anta meM lekhaka ne pitaroM se sambandhita paNe kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|

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10 . mRtyu kI dastaka tRtIya khaNDa - Adhunika jJAna tIsare khaMDa meM cikitsA vijJAna, samAja vijJAna aura sAMskRtika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ko sahaja rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___kAzI ke prasiddha cikitsaka zrI bhAnuzaMkara mehatA yaha mAnate haiM ki Adhunika vijJAna ne bar3I pragati kI hai, bahuta se rahasya khule haiM, jIvana kI avadhi bar3hI hai, akAla mRtyu kI ghaTanAeM kama huI haiM phira bhI mRtyu kaba, kyoM aura kaise AyegI, koI nahIM jaantaa| nAstika aura vijJAnavAdI ke liye mRtyu kA artha hai jIvana ke halacala kI parisamApti, sAMsa ke carakhe kA ruka jaanaa| mRtyu kaba hotI hai? anusaMdhAna se jJAta hotA hai ki mRtyu eka kSaNa nahIM hotI hai| cikitsA vijJAna kI dRSTi se mastiSka mUla (brenasTema) ke kAryakalApa baMda hone ko mRtyu kaha sakate haiM kyoMki isI kSetra meM zvAsa aura hRdaya saMcAlana, rakta-saMcAra ke kendra hote haiM, yahI vaha kendra hai jo cetanA kA dvAra hai| yaha baMda huA to aTUTa behozI ho jAtI hai| zarIra meM svacAlita taMtrikA (simpaitheTika) praNAlI hai jo zarIra ke sabhI kArya saMpAdita karatI hai| vaha bhI isI mArga meM hai| mastiSka mUla Thappa huA to cetanA, buddhi, jJAna sabhI kA saMyAsa ho jAtA hai| yaha "mala" kyoM kAma baMda karatA hai isakA vistata adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| aba "hArTa laMga" mazIna bana gayI hai| rogI ko isa mazIna se jor3a dene para vaha "jIvita" rahatA hai| (varSoM jIvita raha sakatA hai)| mastiSka ke koSa binA rakta ke, binA oSajana ke tIna minaTa jIvita rahate haiN| ataH rakta-saMcAra punaH prArambha karane, hRdaya kI dhar3akana meM isase adhika vilamba huA to rogI jIvita to ho jAtA hai para cetanA- rahita, udbhija jaisA ho jAtA hai (vejiTeTIva laaiph)| havA pAnI bhojana dete rahe to vaha jIvita rahegA para nisskriy| aba mRtyu kaheM yA jIvana? vidvAn lekhaka ne mRtyu se sambandhita aneka naye aura purAne prazna uThAye haiN| apane lekha ke anta meM kahate haiM - jIvana-maraNa kA khela samajhane meM purAtana aura mUla kA nahIM cazme kA pharka hai| Aiye kabIra ke zabdoM meM lalakAreM "hama na marai marihai saMsArA" aura nATaka meM apanI bhUmikA nibhAne ke bAda mahAnidrA meM kho jaayeN| yaha lekha eka kAryavaijJAnika aura dArzanika ke cintana kA nicor3a hai| gaNita ke adhyApaka zrI vijaya kumAra rAya ne prazna uThAyA hai - mRtyu saccI yA jhUThI? unakA mAnanA hai ki janma aura mRtyu paraspara virodhI nahIM haiN| jIvana jIva kI aparimita yAtrA hai| sajIva kA prArambhika chora janma aura aMtima sirA hai mRtyu / nyAya-darzana tathA Adhunika prANi-vijJAna kI jInsa aura guNa-sUtroM ke siddhAMta ke AdhAra para lekhaka ne AtmA kI amaratA, karmavAda tathA punarjanma ke bhAratIya mata ko puSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| karmavAda aura janmAntaravAda eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| janma-mRtyu, karma, karmaphala tathA AtmA kI amaratA saMbaMdhI pUrvI dezoM kI sadiyoM purAnI dhAraNA ko Aja kI Adhunika jananika evaM AnuvaMzika vidyA satya siddha kara rahI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM bhArata ke punarjanmavAdI aura Adhunika

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prastAvanA vikAsavAdI eka- mata ke haiN| inake anusAra hamAre anubhava naSTa nahIM hote| apane pariNAma se pravRtti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara prakaTa ho jAyA karate haiN| pravRtti aura kucha nahIM, pichale janmoM kI kRtiyoM ke saMskAra haiN| yaha lekha jIvana aura mRtyu kI gutthI ko unakI samagratA meM sulajhAne kA eka vaijJAnika kintu bhAvapUrNa prayAsa hai| suzrI minatI ne AdhyAtmika vijJAna ke dRSTikoNa se mRtyu para vicAra kiyA hai| yaha dhruva satya hai ki zarIra kSaNabhaMgura hai, vinAzI hai| jisakA janma hotA hai usakI mRtyu bhI nizcit hai| mRtyu jIvana kA AdhAra hai, nIMva hai| mRtyu nahIM to jIvana kahAM? jisa prakAra hama gAr3hI nIMda meM apane zarIra evaM sampUrNa saMsAra ko ekadama bhUla jAte haiM - jise hama choTI mRtyu kahate haiM, usI prakAra mRtyu ko mRtyu kI "lambI nIMda' kaha sakate haiN| saMsAra kA vismaraNa hI mRtyu hai na ki cetana sattA kA abhAva / mRtyu kA bhaya anya kisI bhI bhaya se adhika balavAna hai| yogavAziSTha ke anusAra kITa aura indra kI jIne kI AkAMkSA to samAna hai hI, unameM mRtyu kA bhaya bhI samAna hai| mRtyu kI bhAvanA yA bhaya se mukta hone ke hetu gurudeva ravindranAtha ThAkura kA kahanA hai ki hameM usa mahAn puruSa ko jAnanA hogA jo aMdhakAra se sarvathA pare hai, parama jyotirmaya hai, nitya hai aura zAzvat hai| kabIradAsa jI ne kahA thA - "je hI Dara ko saba loga Dare hai, so Dara hamare nAhiM" | kyA mRtyu-cintA mahAmukti kA mArga hai? mRtyucintA se kaI bar3e evaM mahAn santoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| mRtyu-cintA se hI vairAgya prApta kara siddhArtha ko "buddhatva" prApta huaa| mRtyu-cintA se hI zaMkara bAlyakAla se hI saMnyAsI hue aura isa mRtyu se hI ramaNa maharSi satraha sAla meM hI mahAn santa ke rUpa meM jAne gye| DaoNkTara sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana ne likhA hai - "Adi se aMta taka hamArA jIvana eka prakAra kI mRtyu hai|" yogI zrI aravinda ne apanI amara kRti sAvitrI meM sAMketika rUpa se kahA hai - "mRtyu saMga ekAkI nikaTa vinAza hor3a ke, apratima mahimA usakI, aMtima raudra dazA meM karanA hogA pAsa use hI nipaTa akele|" mRtyu kA dhyAna AdhyAtmika unnati ke liye mukhya sAdhanAoM meM se eka hai| kabIra spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM - je hI marane se jaga Dare, mere mana Ananda / .. ' kaba marihA kaba pAiyo, pUrana paramAnanda / / sukarAta ko jahara diye jAne ke samaya usake sabhI sage-sambandhI vahAM A~sU bahA rahe the, jabaki kaTutArahita unake mukha-maNDala para prasannatA, praphullatA parilakSita ho rahI thii| aisA lagatA thA ki mAno aMtas meM kisI priyajana se milane kI umaMgeM uTha rahI hoN| zrI ajaya kumAra zrIvAstava ne amRta zabda ke vAstavika artha para prakAza DAlA hai| zAstroM kA mata hai ki AtmA hI amRta hai| arthAt, amRta kahate haiM mRtyu ke abhAva ko, mRtyu hI jIva ke liye sabase bar3A bhaya hai| gItA ke anusAra yaha AtmA na to kisI kAla meM janma letI hai aura na maratI hI hai tathA yaha na utpanna hokara phira hone vAlI hai kyoMki yaha

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12 . mRtyu kI dastaka ajanmI, nitya, sanAtana aura purAtana hai, zarIra ke mAre jAne para bhI yaha nahIM mArI jaatii| parantu anAdi avidyA ke vazIbhUta huI yaha apane vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUla baiThI hai aura isa paMcabhautika zarIra meM hI - jo prakRti kA kArya hone ke kAraNa pariNAmI aura nazvara hai - usakI ahaM buddhi ho rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yadyapi zAstra ke anusAra zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotA, phira bhI ajJAnavaza zarIra ke nAza ko apanA nAza mAnane lagI hai, zarIra ke sukha ko apanA sukha aura zarIra ke kaSTa ko apanA kaSTa mAnatI hai| lekhaka ne . amRtattva kI prApti ke liye zAstra meM batAye gaye aneka upAyoM kA uddharaNa diyA hai| zrI hetukara jhA ne maithila paramparA ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI vyAkhyA kI hai| maithila kavi vidyApati ne kIrtilatA meM prazna uThAyA hai - kisI vyakti ke astitva kA sAra kyA hai? isakA uttara dete haiM ki kisI vyakti ke astitva kA sAra usakA mAna hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn mArTina byUbara ke anusAra vyakti ke astitva kA sAra samAja meM isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki usake astitva ko dUsare vyaktiyoM dvArA jisa sthiti meM hai, aura bhaviSya meM vaha jisa sthiti meM ho sakatA hai, svIkAra kiyA jaae| vidyApati mAnate haiM ki hara vyakti kA astitva samAja meM usake mAna yA ijjata rahane se hai| deha kA anta honA vyakti ke astitva ke eka dRSTigata AyAma kA anta hai| usake astitva kA dUsarA AyAma hai usakI kIrti jisakI Ayu usake deha kI Ayu se bahuta jyAdA hotI hai, aura vaha bhI dRSTigata hai| ye donoM AyAma kAla ke ghere meM haiM lekina donoM ke kAla meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| vyakti ke astitva kA tIsarA AyAma hai usakI AtmA jo amara-ajara hai| isa taraha mRtyu prasaMga kAla kI gati avicchinna hai| vyakti ke astitva ke eka AyAma kA kAla nizcit hai, dUsare AyAma kA kAla anizcit hai aura tIsarA AyAma kAla ke ghere se mukta hai| suzrI kusuma giri ne sAmAjika mRtyu ke sambandha meM apanI bAteM rakhI haiN| samAja-zAstra meM gaMbhIratApUrvaka do mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para carcA hotI hai - pahalA hai AtmahatyA aura dUsarA vicalanakArI vyavahAra yA visNgti| Adhunika samAja ke saMdarbha meM AtaMkavAda bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sAmAjika samasyA ke rUpa meM upasthita hai| durthIma sabase pahale vyakti the jinhoMne AtmahatyA ke mUla meM nihita vaiyaktika kAraNoM kA khaMDana kara AtmahatyA ko vizuddha rUpa * se eka sAmAjika tathya yA ghaTanA kahA hai| usake AMkar3oM se spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmahatyA se pUrva vyakti kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM apane ko samAja meM pUrNa rUpa se tyakta huA pAtA hai aura usakA astitva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| ye sthitiyAM usakI sAmAjika mRtyu kI dyotaka haiN| isI prakAra marTana, pArsansa, maikAivara Adi sAmAjika vicArakoM ne bhI vyakti ke vicalanakArI vyavahAroM yA niyamahInatA ke kAraNoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, jisase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa sthiti meM vyakti aura samAja ke bIca jo samanvayAtmaka prakAryAtmaka sambandha honA cAhie, vaha nahIM raha jAtA aura yaha sthiti bhI usakI sAmAjika

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prastAvanA mRtyu kA dyotaka hai| niSkarSa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jina samAjoM kI saMracanA jitanI hI jaTila hogI unameM sAmAjika mRtyu kI saMbhAvanAyeM bhI utanI hI adhika hoNgii| suzrI suSamA khannA ne bhI astitvavAdI pariprekSya meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA para prakAza DAlA hai| unakA kahanA hai - astitvavAda bIsavIM zatAbdI ke saMkaTa kA saMdarza hai| yaha darzana na hokara eka prakAra kI dArzanika pravRtti hai| prazna uThatA hai - manuSya kA astitva kyA hai? isakA uttara khojanA Avazyaka hai| astitvavAdI DekArTa kahatA hai - "maiM socatA hU~, isaliye merA astitva hai|" mArTina hAiDegara isa vicAra ke poSaka the ki hamArA astitva mRtyonmukha sat hai| pramukha astitvavAdI ciMtaka sArca ke mRtyu-sambandhI vicAra kA vikAsa hAiDegara ke mRtyu darzana ke virodha meM huaa| sAtra mRtyu ko eka Akasmika tathya mAnate haiN| unake anusAra janma kI taraha mRtyu bhI eka tathya hai jo bAhara se mere nikaTa AtA hai| jisa para merA basa nahIM hai| mRtyu sampUrNa mAnava sambhAvanAoM kA nirarthaka vikAsa hai, mAnava aham kI arthahIna aMtyeSTi / yaha arthahIna hai. ki hama paidA hue the aura yaha bhI arthahIna hai ki hama marate haiN| zrI rAghavendra pratApa siMha "melAna" nAmaka eka loka-pracalita avadhAraNA ko prakAza meM lAye haiN| isameM vyakti kisI tAMtrika dvArA apane zatru ke Upara abhicAra karavAtA hai, jisase lakSita vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| melAna meM vyakti mRtyu kA anubhava karatA hai| zrI dInAnAtha jhunajhunavAlA ne apane lekha meM janma, jIvana evaM mRtyu kI sAtatyatA para prakAza DAlA hai| janma ke sAta bheda haiM, usake zArIrika evaM pArivArika AdhAra pr| isI prakAra janma ke bAda jo jIvana hamane pAyA hai usI jIvana meM jitane manuSya haiM unameM bhinnatA milegii| jIvana kI samApti kI avasthA kA nAma mRtyu hai| janma aura maraNa ke bIca kI avasthA kA nAma jIvana hai| janma, jIvana aura mRtyu eka cakra hai| jIvAtmA na kabhI janma letI hai na kabhI maratI hai| yaha ajanmI, zAzvat, nitya purAtana hai| zrI rAmapraveza zAstrI ne jIvana ko mRtyu kI sahelI kahA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki ina donoM meM koI TakarAva nahIM haiN| phira bhI mRtyu kI avadhAraNA sAre saMsAra meM eka-sI nahIM hai| jIvana kI lAlasA sabhI manuSyoM meM banI hai, kintu kucha aise bhI saMta aura kavi haiM jinhoMne jIvana aura mRtyu ke bIca bhinnatA kA sambandha mAnA hai| kabIra, gAMdhI, vinobA aura kRSNamUrti ke vicAra ke sAtha-sAtha lekhaka ne svaracita eka kavitA se jIvana aura mRtyu kI sAtatyatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| zrI rameza nArAyaNa ne bhI mahAtmA kabIra ke vyaktitva para prakAza DAlate hue mRtyu ke AnandamayI uttama svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM mRtyu kI carcA kabIra ke dohe ke binA adhUrI hai, kyoMki anapar3ha kabIra ne jo saMsAra ko par3hA hai "vaha par3hanA kucha aur|

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khaNDa 1 mRtyu dharma ke pariprekSya meM

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vIrazaiva dharma meM mRtyu kA vicAra - candrazekhara mahAsvAmI janma aura maraNa kI punarAvRtti ko saMsAra-cakra kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka jIvAtmA janma se lekara maraNaparyanta aura maraNa se lekara janmaparyanta nirantara yAtrA karatI hI rahatI hai| yaha yAtrA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| isalie janma-maraNa rUpI saMsAra ko zAstrakAroM ne anAdi pravAha rUpa mAnA hai| isa saMsAra meM pratyeka vastu meM kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| lekina usakA AbhAsa jIvAtmA ko nahIM hotaa| tyohAroM meM hama loga apane iSTadeva ke sAmane dIpa jalAte haiN| dasa dina taka use yathAvat saMbhAlate rahate haiM aura use akhaNDa jyoti mAnate rahate haiN| vastutaH dekhA jAe to usa dIpaka kI jyoti akhaNDa nahIM rhtii| usa jyoti ke sajAtIya jyoti kA pravAha nirantara hI Urdhva dizA meM bahatA rahatA hai| sajAtIya nirantara dhArA ke kAraNa hameM jyoti ke akhaNDa rUpa kA bhrama ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra yaha saMsAra. cakra SaDavidha vikAroM se yukta hokara nirantara calAyamAna hotA rahatA hai| zAstrakAroM ne pratyeka vastu va vyakti ke lie asti, jAyate, vivardhate, vipariNamate, apakSayite aura vinazyate isa prakAra SaDvidha vikAroM ko mAnA hai| mAtA ke garbha meM jaba zizu ke astitva kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai use asti kahA gayA hai| nau mAsa taka garbha meM sabhI avayavoM ke vikAsa ke bAda jaba prasava hotA hai vahI jAyate nAmaka dUsarA vikAra hai| janma ke bAda anna aura pAnI se zizu kA sthUla zarIra dhIre-dhIre bar3hate hue eka nizcit sImA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai use vivardhate vikAra mAnA jAtA hai| usake bAda zarIra ke sabhI dhAtu aura avayava paripuSTa ho jAte haiM use vipariNamate nAmaka caturtha vikAra mAnA jAtA hai| paripakvatA ke bAda dhIre-dhIre kSaya honA prArambha ho jAtA hai isa sthiti ko apakSayite nAmaka pA~cavAM vikAra mAnA jAtA hai| usake bAda jaba zarIra se prANa Adi sUkSma tattva nikala jAte haiM to use vinazyati arthAt maraNa-rUpI chaThA vikAra mAnA jAtA hai| - aba hameM janma aura maraNa ke bAre meM gambhIra rUpa se cintana karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM paMcAgni vidyA ke dvArA manuSya kI utpatti kI bAta vaijJAnika DhaMga se

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18 . mRtyu kI dastaka batAI gaI hai| usake anusAra dazyuloka rUpI agni meM zraddhA kA havana karane se soma kI utpatti hotI hai| usake bAda parirjanya rUpI agni meM soma kA havana karane se varSA hotI hai| pRthvI rUpI agni meM varSA kA havana karane se anna kI utpatti hotI hai| puruSa ke jaTharAgni meM anna kA havana karane se vaha anna rasa, rakta, mAMsa, majjA, asti 'zukra' medhasa ke rUpa meM sapta dhAtuoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| usameM vIrya-rUpI dhAtu ko strI-rUpI agni meM havana karane se garbha kI utpatti hotI hai| vaha garbha jarAyu nAmaka koza se AvRtta huA mAtA ke udara meM dasa mAsa taka pUrNa vikasita hokara, bAda meM manuSyarUpeNa janma letA hai| upaniSad ke isa kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki janma lene vAle anaMta jIva jala ke rUpa meM pRthvI para A jAte haiN| virATa rUpa se vaha pAnI bahate samaya usakA upayoga pazu, pakSI, vanaspati aura manuSya karate rahate haiN| vaha pAnI jisake bhI zarIra meM calA jAtA hai, usake sAtha anaMta jIva usa zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| manuSya ke zarIra meM praviSTa anna-jala ke sAtha praviSTa aneka jIva sapta dhAtuoM meM parivartita hote hue zukra-rUpI dhAtu meM janma lene vAle anaMta jIva vIryANu ke rUpa meM saMgraha hote haiN| una anaMta vIryANuoM meM eka bAra eka hI vIryANu mAtA ke aNDakoza meM praviSTa hokara garbha meM bar3hane lagatA hai| aMvaziSTa anaMta vIryANu naSTa jhe jAte haiN| una naSTa vIryANuoM ko punaH usI prakriyA se gujarate hue janma lene ke lie AnA par3atA hai| prapaMca kI yaha sRSTi aura vinAza kI prakriyA bhagavAna kI eka alaukika lIlA hI mAnI jAtI hai| isa lIlA kA sahI-sahI patA lagAnA eka asaMbhava sI bAta hai| phira bhI medhA sampanna hamAre deza ke maharSiyoM ne manuSya ke janma-maraNa ke bAre meM aura usakI sadgati ke bAre meM AyuSya bhara tapasyA karake jo kucha bhI saMzodhana kiyA hai ve dArzanika paramparAyeM ho gayI haiN| hamAre deza ke vibhinna dArzanika paramparA maiM kucha saiddhAntika matabheda haiM phira bhI pratyeka siddhAnta meM jIvoM ke janma aura maraNa ko sabhI dArzanika mAnate haiN| vIrazaiva siddhAnta ke pramukha graMtha zrIsiddhAntazikhAmaNi meM - jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyudhruvaM janma mRtazyaca / janturmaraNa janmAdhyAm paribhramati ckrvt|| isa taraha jIvoM ke janma aura maraNa ko cakra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa sRSTi meM caurAsI lAkha prakAra ke jIva-jantu hote haiN| inameM udvija, svedaja, aNDaja aura jarAyuja ye pratyeka ikkIsa lAkha prakAra ke hote haiN| saba milakara caurAsI lAkha ho jAte haiN| skaMda purANa meM caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM kA vibhAjana dUsare hI DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai - devAH SoDazalasANi navalasANi mAnuSAH / dazarbhidazabhistadvajjalajA vihagA mRgAH / / sarIsRpAstu lakSANi ekAdaza caretarAH / aSTau ca dazalakSANi sarpa janmAnyamUni vai||

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vIrazaiva dharma me mRtyu kA vicAra 19 isa zloka meM deva, mAnava, jalacara, vihaMgama, pazu, sarIsRpa aura vRkSAdi vanaspati isa prakAra sAta janmoM kA jikra karake ina sAta janmoM ko caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| uparokta skaMda purANa ke AdhAra para deva yoni solaha lAkha, mAnava yoni nau lAkha, jalacara yoni dasa lAkha, sarpa aura sajAtIya yoni gyAraha lAkha, vihaMgama yoni dasa lAkha, catuSpAda yoni dasa lAkha aura vanaspatiyoM kI yoni aTThAraha lAkha, isa prakAra saba milakara caurAsI lAkha prakAra kI yoni hotI haiN| ina yoniyoM ke dvArA jIvAtmA ko jIvana.yAtrA karanI par3atI hai| ina vibhinna yoniyoM meM jIvAtmA ke janma lene kA mukhya kAraNa hotA hai usakA prArabdha karma / prArabdha karma ke bhoga pUrNa hone taka pratyeka jIva ko una-una sthUla zarIroM meM rahanA par3atA hai| prArabdha karma kA kSaya hote hI sthUla zarIra ko tyAga denA par3atA hai| sthUla zarIra ke isa tyAga ko hI maraNa kahate haiN| mRtyu-ke samaya meM pratyeka vyakti ke sthUla zarIra se paMca karmendriya, paMca jJAnendriya, paMca prANa, mana aura buddhi ina satraha tattvarUpI jo sUkSma zarIra hotA hai usase yukta jIvAtmA sthUla zarIra ko chor3akara calA jAtA hai| pratyeka manuSya sthUla zarIra ko bAra-bAra badalatA rahatA hai| lekina usakA jo sUkSma zarIra hotA hai vaha usakI muktiparyanta eka hI rahatA hai| sUkSma zarIra ke satraha tattvoM meM prANa ko hI mukhya mAnA gayA hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM prANa kI jyeSThatA aura zreSThatA ke bAre meM eka suMdara vizleSaNa, kathA ke rUpa meM, kiyA gayA hai| paMca karmendriya, paMca jJAnendriya, mana aura buddhi ina bAraha tattvoM meM se koI bhI tattva dUsare zarIra ko chor3ane para zarIra kA pUrNarUpeNa amaMgala nahIM dikhAI detA hai, kiMtu jaba zarIra se paMca prANa nikala jAte haiM to sabhI indriyoM kA vyavahAra baMda ho jAtA hai aura zarIra bhI amaMgala aura azuci ho jAtA hai| isalie jIvana kA AdhAra prANa hai, usa prANa ke vichoha ko hI prAyaH mRtyu mAnate haiN| "prANAnAma tanuniSkrAMtira maraNaM" prANa viyogaH jIvAtmA ke prANa kA saMyoga aura prANa kA viyoga ye donoM usake adRSTa arthAt prArabdha karma ke Upara nirbhara rahatA hai| zAstroM ke batAe gaye janma-maraNa, kSudhA, tRSA aura sukha-duHkha ina SaDramiyoM meM janmamaraNa ko sthUla zarIra kA dharma mAnate haiN| sukha-duHkha ko antaHkaraNa kA dharma mAnate haiN| isI taraha kSudhA aura tRSA ko prANa ke dharma mAnate haiN| ataH mRtyu athavA maraNa yaha sthUla zarIra se hI sambandha rakhatA hai| janme hue sthUla zarIra kA maraNa to svAbhAvika hotA hai| ataH hamAre deza ke dArzanikoM ne maraNa ko sahaja svIkAra kara liyA hai| gItA meM to bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne jIrNa vastra ko chor3anA jaise eka sahaja kriyA hai, usI prakAra zarIra ko chor3anA bhI eka svAbhAvika sahaja ghaTanA hone ke kAraNa hI usake bAre meM cintita na hone kA upadeza diyA hamAre deza ke aneka muniyoM aura tapasviyoM ke apanI tapazcaryA ke sAmarthya se aneka jIvoM ko prANa-dAna dene kI mahimA batAne vAlI kathAe~ par3hane ko milatI haiN| eka Azcarya

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20 . mRtyu kI dastaka kI bAta yaha hai ki dUsaroM ko prANa-dAna dene kA sAmarthya vAle RSiyoM ko bhI apanA prANa tyAganA pdd'aa| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki maraNa eka svAbhAvika ghaTanA hai| yaha hara eka sthUla zarIra ke sAtha avazya ghaTa jAtI hai, loka-kalyANa ke lie avatAra lie hue bhagavAn ko bhI apane avatArI zarIra ko tyAganA hI par3A hai| koI ekAdha yogI apane yoga sAmarthya se ciraMjIvI ho sakatA hai lekina sthUla zarIra ke sAtha az2ara aura amara nahIM ho sakatA hai| bar3e-bar3e rAkSasoM ne kaThora tapasyA karake amaratva kA vara mA~gA lekina brahmA jI ne kisI ko nahIM diyaa| isakA eka hI kAraNa hai ki vaha prakRti ke niyama ke viruddha ho jAtA hai| vIrazaiva siddhAnta aTThAIsa zaivAgamoM ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| pAramezvarAgama meM - ekena janmanA muktiH vIrANAntu mheshvrii| isa prakAra batAkara vIrazaiva siddhAnta meM punarjanma kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa siddhAnta meM pUrvajanma avazya mAnate haiM lekina punarjanma ko nahIM maante| isakA rahasya yaha hai ki isa siddhAnta meM eka sau eka sthalAtmaka jo sAdhanA paddhati batAI gayI hai usake anusAra jaba sAdhaka sAdhanA karane lagatA hai taba vaha apane jIvita kAla meM hI paraziva bahmA ke sAtha sAmarasya kA anubhava karane ke kAraNa jIvanamukta ho jAtA hai| jaba taka prArabdha karma hai taba taka usakA apane sthUla zarIra ke sAtha sambandha rahatA hai| prArabdha kSaya hote hI usake saMcita karma bhI pahale se hI naSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa usakA punarjanma nahIM hotA hai| prAyaH manuSya-janma kA lakSya bhI yahI hotA hai| - sUkSma zarIra se yukta jIvAtmA apane karma ke anusAra kisI bhI yoni ke sthUla zarIra meM praveza karatI hai| isa kriyA ko janma kahate haiM aura jaba sthUla zarIra ko chor3akara calI jAtI hai to use hI mRtyu athavA maraNa kahA jAtA hai| sthUla zarIra ke bAlyAdi avasthA badalane para jIva ko jaise duHkha nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra zarIra badalane para bhI use duHkha nahIM manAnA caahie| mRtyu ke isa rahasya koM jo vAstavika rUpa se jAna jAtA hai vaha mRtyu ke pare kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| yaha sthiti sabako mile yahI hamArI maMgalamaya kAmanA

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bauddha dharma mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - rAmazaMkara tripAThI mRtyu jIvana kA abhinna aMga hai| mRtyu aura jIvana eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| jIvana nitya (sarvadA) parivartanazIla hai| vyakti kI jIvana.dhArA nadI kI udaka.dhArA kI bhA~ti anAdi kAla se bahatI calI A rahI hai| parivartana tabhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, jaba pUrva svarUpa kA tyAga (vinAza) aura apara svarUpa kA utpAda ho| jaise udaka kA vartamAna aMza Age bar3hatA hai, tabhI usake sthAna para dUsarA aMza A pAtA hai aura udaka.dhArA bana pAtI hai, usI taraha jIvana kA eka kSaNa vinaSTa hotA hai aura dUsarA kSaNa utpanna hotA hai aura tabhI parivartanazIla jIvana.dhArA utpanna hotI hai| yadi vinAza na ho to jIvana sthira, nitya aura kUTastha ho jaaegaa| taba na usameM kisI taraha kA parivartana sambhava hogA aura na usase kisI taraha kI kriyA sambhava hogI, tathA na hI aisI sthiti meM kisI taraha kA astitva hI siddha ho skegaa| ataH nAza jIvana kA svabhAva hai| jaise agni kA svabhAva "jalAnA" hai, phalataH na to usake svabhAva meM koI parivartana sambhava hai aura na hI koI agni ko jalAne se roka sakatA hai tathA na agni ko jalAne ke lie kisI hetu kI apekSA hogI, anyathA vaha agni hI nahIM rhegii| jIvana jina kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, ve kAraNa nAzavAna jIvana ko hI utpanna karate haiN| ataH jIvana ke utpAda ke dUsare kSaNa meM hI usakA nAza hotA jAtA hai| bauddha dRSTi meM sabhI vastueM nAza-svabhAva hotI haiM, ataH utpAda ke dUsare kSaNa meM hI unakA nAza ho jAtA hai| isIlie bauddha kSaNikavAdI kahalAte haiN| rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ye pA~ca skandha vyaktitva ke upAdAna haiN| rUpaskandha jar3ajAtIya hai tathA zeSa cAra skandha cetanajAtIya haiM, inheM "nAma" bhI kahate haiN| ataH vyakti nAmarUpAtmaka hotA hai| pA~coM skandha kSaNika haiN| karma aura klezoM (avidyA, tRSNA, Adi) kI vajaha se ye pratikSaNa utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote rahate haiN| isa taraha vyaktitva kI dhArA nirvANaparyanta nadI kI dhArA kI bhA~ti yA dIpaka kI lau kI bhA~ti sadA pravAhamAna hotI rahatI hai| nirvANa prApta hone para isa dhArA kA nirodha ho jAtA hai|

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22 _ mRtyu kI dastaka ____ vyaktitva ke upAdAnoM meM koI bhI nitya padArtha nahIM hai, phira bhI ajJAnavaza logoM ne pA~ca skandhoM ke atirikta eka AtmA kI kalpanA kara lI hai tathA usa kalpita AtmA se sambaddha vastuoM aura prANiyoM ke prati AtmIya saMjJA kara lI hai| yadyapi AtmA aura AtmIya kI sattA bilkula bhI nahIM hai, phira bhI loga unakI sattA ke prati abhiniviSTa haiN| hara vyakti ne apanA eka svataMtra saMsAra raca liyA hai, jisake prati vaha Asakta hai| usane kisI ko zatru, kisI ko mitra Adi banA liyA hai tathA sAre riztoM aura sambandhoM ko khar3A kara liyA hai| atIta kI sattA nahIM hai, phira bhI usake prati vaha Asakta hai| bhaviSya kA abhI astitva hI nahIM hai, phira bhI usake dimAga meM aneka mahattvAkAMkSI yojanAeM evaM avadhAraNAeM haiN| vartamAna sarvathA kSaNika hai, phira bhI vyakti meM usake prati aneka nitya, sthira evaM zubha Adi viparIta dhAraNAeM haiN| jaise makar3I svayaM jAla bunakara usameM pha~sa jAtI hai, usI taraha vyakti bhI apane banAe saMsAra meM burI taraha pha~sakara duHkhI hokara bhaTaka rahA hai| bauddha loga ina sArI burAiyoM kI jar3a AtmadRSTi ko mAnate haiM aura usa dRSTi se mukta hone kA upadeza dete haiN| saMsAra meM bauddha ekamAtra anAtmavAdI haiN| mRtyu kI avasthA meM apane banAe saMsAra se viyoga ho jAne kI AzaMkA se vyakti mRtyu se bhayabhIta hai| anyathA mRtyu se bhayabhIta hone kA koI vAstavika kAraNa nahIM hai| maraNa ke do bheda nAma aura rUpa dharmoM (padArthoM) kA pratikSaNa hone vAlA vinAza "aprakaTa maraNa" hai| kyoMki yaha maraNa sAmAnya janoM ko spaSTa rUpa se avabodhita nahIM hotA kyoMki kSaNa kA jJAna yogI jana hI kara sakate haiM, sAmAnya jana nahIM kara sakate, ataH yaha "aprakaTa maraNa" kahalAtA hai| vartamAna janma ke aMta meM nAma evaM rUpoM kA jo cyutikAla hotA hai; vaha "prakaTa maraNa" hai| ise hI sAmAnyatayA loka meM maraNa kahA jAtA hai| mRtyu ke cAra kAraNa AyuHkSaya, karmakSaya, ubhaya (donoM kA) kSaya tathA upacchedaka karma - ina cAra kAraNoM se mRtyu sampanna hotI hai| jIvana ke nizcit kAla ko AyuS yA jIvita kahate haiN| manuSyabhUmi, devabhUmi Adi meM nizcit AyuHpramANa hotA hai, jaise manuSyabhUmi meM sAmAnyatayA Ayu, Ajakala, sau varSa mAnI jAtI hai| isake anta meM hone vAlA maraNa AyuHkSaya se "maraNa" kahalAtA hai| ina cAroM prakAra ke maraNoM ko hama dIpaka ke dRSTAnta se isa prakAra pradarzita kara sakate haiM - 1. prajvalita dIpaka kA battI ke kSaya se hone vAlA nirodha / 2. tela ke kSaya se hone vAlA dIpaka kA nirodha / 3. battI evaM tela donoM se hone vAlA nirodha /

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bauddha dharma - mRtyu kI avadhAraNA 4. battI aura tela donoM kA kSaya na hone para bhI vAyu yA anya kisI Agantuka kAraNa se hone vAlA nirodh| 1. AyuHkSaya jisa prakAra tela rahane para bhI yadi battI kA kSaya ho jAtA hai to dIpaka kI lau kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, usI taraha jIvita rahane ke lie karma vidyamAna rahane para bhI AyuS pUrNa ho jAne se cyuti ho jAtI hai| yaha AyuHkSaya nirodha hai| kucha puNyavAn vyakti nizcit AyuHpramANa se adhika bhI jIvita rahate haiN| 2. karmakSaya jIvana ko dhAraNa karane vAle karma hI yahA~ "karma' kahe gaye haiN| una karmoM kI zakti ke kSaya ko "karmakSayaH kahate haiN| yaha karmakSaya uparyukta udAharaNoM meM se tela ke kSaya kI taraha hotA hai| jisa prakAra battI ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI tela kA kSaya ho jAne se dIpaka kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AyuHpramANa avaziSTa rahane para bhI karmazakti kA kSaya ho jAne se cyuti ho jAtI hai| jaise 100 varSa AyuHpramANa hone para bhI kisI kI 50 varSa meM hI cyuti ho jAtI hai| isa karmakSaya ko hI jaba deva yA brahmAoM kI apane nizcit AyuHpramANa se pahale cyuti ho jAtI hai to "puNyakSaya" bhI kahate haiN| 3. ubhayakSaya AyuS evaM karma donoM ke kSaya ko "ubhayakSaya" kahate haiN| yaha tela aura battI donoM ke kSaya se hone vAle dIpaka ke nirodha kI taraha hotA hai| 4. upacchedaka karma upaghAtaka karma ko hI. upacchedaka karma kahate haiN| AyuHpramANa evaM karma-zakti donoM ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI pUrva-janma ke yA isI janma ke kisI eka karma dvArA upaghAta karane se jaba cyuti hotI hai to use "upacchedaka karma se cyuti" kahate haiN| ise tela evaM battI donoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI vAyu yA kisI anya Agantuka kAraNa se hone vAle dIpaka ke nirodha kI taraha jAnanA caahie| kAlamaraNa evaM akAlamaraNa mRtyu ke uparyukta cAra kAraNoM meM se pUrvavartI tIna kAraNoM se cyuti honA "kAlamaraNa" tathA upacchedaka karma dvArA cyuti honA "akAlamaraNa" kahalAtA hai| akAlamaraNa ke prasaMga meM anya aneka bAteM bhI haiM, yathA - bhUkha, pyAsa, sarpadaMza, viSa, agni, jala evaM zastra dvArA bhI akAla mRtyu hotI hai| vAta, pitta, zleSmA, sannipAta, Rtu-vikAra tathA svayaM apane dvArA yA dUsaroM ke dvArA viSama prayatna kiye jAne se vyakti akAlamaraNa ko prApta hotA hai| isa taraha akAlamRtyu ke aneka kAraNa hote haiN|

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24 . mRtyu kI dastaka maraNAnusmRti maraNa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| jJAta hai AyuS ko jIvita yA jIvitendriya bhI kahate haiN| (1) eka bhava (janma) meM prApta jIvitendriya kA upacchedarUpa maraNa, (2) arhatoM kA sAMsArika duHkhoM se sarvathA samuccheda nAmaka samuccheda maraNa, (3) saMskAroM (apane hetuoM se utpanna padArthoM) kA kSaNabhaMga nAmaka kSaNika maraNa, tathA (4) vRkSamaraNa, lauhamaraNa, pAradamaraNa Adi kI taraha sNvRttimrnn| ina cAroM meM se (arhatoM ke) samucchedamaraNa kA sambandha sarvasAdhAraNa se nahIM hai, apitu kevala arhatoM se hai| kSaNika maraNa kI anusmRti karanA duSkara hai, kyoMki kSaNa sarvasAdhAraNa ko bodhagamya nahIM hai| (lauha, pArada, Adi kA) saMvRttimaraNa saMvega (saMsAra se nirveda yA vairAgya) kA utpAdaka nahIM hotaa| ataH ye tIna maraNa yahA~ maraNAnusmRti meM apekSita nahIM haiN| kevala jIvitendriya kA upacchedarUpI maraNa hI isa anusmRti kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, ataH vahI yahA~ abhipreta hai, kyoMki vaha sarvasAdhAraNa saMvedya, sukara evaM saMvegotpatti kA kAraNa bhI hotA hai| bhAvanAvidhi maraNAnusmRti kI bhAvanA ke icchuka yogI ko ekAnta meM jAkara citta ko anya AlambanoM (viSayoM) se haTAkara "maraNa hogA, jIvitendriya kA upacched hogA" athavA "maraNa, maraNa" kahate hue ThIka se mana meM cintana karanA caahie| cintana prakAra bhAvanA karate samaya nimna cAra prakAra se cintana karanA cAhie - (1) janma ke pazcAt mRtyu kI nizcitatA, (2) mRtyu ke samaya kI anizcitatA, (3) mRtyu ke kAraNoM kI adhikatA tathA (4) mRtyu se kabhI bhI, kahIM bhI chUTa na sknaa| janma ke pazcAt mRtyu kI nizcitatA sabhI jIva janma ke bAda eka kSaNa bhI binA ruke mRtyurAja kI ora unmukha hokara daur3a rahe haiN| hetu-pratyayoM se utpanna hone ke bAda kisI vastu yA vyakti meM (apane utpAda ke) dvitIya kSaNa taka bhI sthita rahane kA sAmarthya nahIM hotaa| ve satat naSTa hote rahate haiN| ataH "sabhI saMskAra anitya haiM, aisA bhagavAna buddha dvArA kahA gayA hai| mRtyu ke samaya kI anizcitatA dehadhArI prANiyoM ke bIca - "yaha pahale maregA, yaha bAda meM maregA" aisI koI nizcit rekhA nahIM hai| marane kI AzaMkA se rahita vyakti bhI bijalI girane se akasmAt marate dekhA jAtA hai| aisI paristhiti kisI para bhI, apane Upara bhI A sakatI hai| .

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bauddha dharma - mRtyu kI avadhAraNA 25 mRtyu ke kAraNoM kI adhikatA anekavidha vighnoM se ghire prANiyoM kI Ayu vAyu se bane pAnI ke bulabule kI bhA~ti nitAnta asthira hai| tatkAla vilIna na hone para bhI lambe samaya taka sthita rahane kI zakti na hone ke kAraNa yaha asAra zarIra vizvAsa karane lAyaka kataI nahIM hai| mRtyu ke atyadhika kAraNa mRtyu se kahIM bhI, kabhI bhI chUTa na sakanA aisA koI sthAna saMsAra meM nahIM hai, jahA~ mRtyu na ho ske| AkAza meM ur3akara dUra taka jA sakane meM samartha Rddhisampanna RSi-maharSi bhI usa sthAna para nahIM jA sakate, jahA~ mRtyu na ho| aisA socanA cAhie ki jaba vajra ke samAna majabUta buddha kA zarIra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai to hamArA yaha niHsAra zarIra kyoMkara naSTa nahIM hogaa| uparyukta prakAra se cintana karate hue bhAvanA se maraNAnusmRti zIghra sampanna hotI hai aura mRtyu ke samaya kisI prakAra kA bhaya evaM kaSTa nahIM hotaa|

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mRtyu-mahotsava jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM ' - munnI puSpA jaina zIrSaka par3hate hI loga Azcarya meM par3a jAyeMge ki abhI taka garbhotsava, janmotsava, vivAhotsava, rASTrIya utsava, sAmAjika utsava, dhArmika utsava, ityAdi utsavoM ke bAre meM to bahuta sunA . aura manAye bhI, zAmila bhI hue parantu mRtyu kA bhI koI utsava ho sakatA hai? utsava hI nahIM mahotsava arthAt uparyukta sabhI utsavoM se utkRSTa vizeSa khuzI kA dina jisake Ane ke iMtajAra meM usakI vizeSa taiyAriyAM kI jAtI haiN| loga mRtyu ko duHkha yA udAsInatA kA paryAya mAnate haiM, yaha jagat kA vyavahAra hai| jaina zAsana meM "mRtyu" kI vizeSa paribhASA hai| mRtyu aTala satya hai, kisI ke roke nahIM rukI hai| sabhI saMsArI prANI isase paricita haiM, parantu phira bhI "bhaya" karate haiN| jaina dharma isa aTala satya kA svAgata karane kI vidhi sikhAtA hai, jise sallekhanA, samAdhimaraNa, saMthArA, mRtyu-mahotsava, Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka vyakti mukhyataH krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM meM lipta rahatA hai| "kaSAya" arthAt jo AtmA ko kase yA duHkha de| sallekhanA kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai sat arthAt samyaka prakAra se lekhanA - kaSAyoM ko kama karanA, kSINa krnaa| jaina grantha tattvArtha sUtra (7-22) meM kahA hai - "maraNAntikI sallekhanA joSitA" arthAt maraNakAla upasthita hone para grahastha ko prItipUrvaka sallekhanA karanA caahie| zarIra tyAga ke tIna bheda AcArya nemicanda ne ginAye haiM - 1. cyAvita - viSama kSaNa, raktakSaya, zastraghAta, agnidAha, jala praveza "giripatana" Adi nimitta kAraNoM se zarIra chor3anA arthAt AtmaghAta jo sarvathA tyAjya evaM pApa hai, niMdanIya hai| 2. cyuta - Aya pUrNa ho jAne para zarIra kA svataH chuuttnaa| 3. tyakta- asAdhya rogAdi ho jAne para, kisI Akasmika paristhiti ke kAraNa mRtyu

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mRtyu- mahotsava - jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM 27 sannikaTa jAna par3ane para yA maraNa kI AsannatA jJAta hone para jo viveka sahita sanyAsasya pariNAmoM se zarIra chor3A jAtA hai vahI "tyakta" hai, sarvazreSTha hai| ise hI sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa kahate haiN| jaina AgamoM meM maraNa ke pramukhataH sAta aura prakArAntara se satraha bheda batAye haiN| vistAra se inakA vivecana isa prakAra hai - 1. bAla-bAla maraNa, 2. bAla maraNa, 3. bAla paMDita maraNa, 4. bhakta pratyAkhyAna paMDita maraNa, 5. iMginI paMDita maraNa, 6. prAyopagamana paMDita maraNa, 7. paMDita-paMDita maraNa / inameM se AcArya zivArya ne tIsare, cauthe aura sAtaveM ko zreSTha maraNa batAyA hai| jaina manISI paM. sadAsukhadAsa jI ne mahattvapUrNa jaina granthoM bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kI vacanikAoM meM sallekhanA ke viSaya meM yathA-prasaMga vizad vivecana kiyA hai tathA sallekhanA ke bAre meM janasAdhAraNa meM phailI bhrAmaka bhrAntiyoM kA tarkapUrNa khaNDana kiyA hai| mRtyu-mahotsava ko dRSTAnta zailI meM isa taraha samajhAyA gayA hai - jaise kou eka jIrNakuTI meM te nikasi anya navIna mahala kU prApta hoya so to bar3A utsava avasara hai| taise hI yo AtmA apane svarUpa meM tiSThatA hI jIrNa deharUpa kuTI 1 chor3i navIna deha rUpa mahala ko prApta hone meM mahA utsAha kA avasara hai yA meM kucha hAni nahIM jo bhaya kriye| AcArya sakalakIrti ne kahA hai - dhIratvena satAM mRtyuH kAtaratvena ceda bhavet / kAtaratvaM balAtyaktvA, dhIratve maraNaM vrm|| mRtyu dhIratA se bhI prApta hotI hai aura kAyaratA se bhI prApta hotI hai| kAyaratA ko chor3akara sAhasa ke sAtha dhIratApUrvaka maraNa karanA zreSTha hai kyoMki saMtajana dhairya . ' ke sAthaM vIratA va dharmadhyAnapUrvaka mRtyu kA AliMgana karate haiN| samAdhikaraNa zAzvat sukha dene vAlA yA kalpavRkSa ke samAna batalAyA gayA hai, isa taraha ke maraNa se uttama gati prApta hotI hai| - mRtya-mahotsava kA Ayojana jIvana ke jisa kisI bhI samaya meM nahIM, apitu avasthA vizeSa meM kiyA jAtA hai| jaba manuSya kI indriyA~ thaka jAyeM, zarIra jIrNa ho jAye, bur3hApA carama sImA pAra kara rahA ho taba isa "sallekhanA" kA vidhAna hai| isake atirikta Akasmika .' avasthAoM meM jaise kisI prANaghAtaka roga se grasita ho gaye hoM, DaoNkTaroM ne javAba de diyA ho ki aba davA kI nahIM duAoM kI jarUrata hai, aise samaya meM samAdhimaraNa kA vidhAna hai|

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28 . mRtyu kI dastaka kisI paristhiti vizeSa meM jaba maraNa meM saMdeha ho to do prakAra se samAdhimaraNa kA niyama batalAyA hai - prathama - yadi isa viSama sthiti meM merI mRtyu hotI hai to merA yAvajjIvana ke lie AhAra-pAnI kA tyAga hai| dvitIya - kadAcit kisI puNyodaya se jIvita baca jAU~gA to thor3e samaya taka AhAra Adi kA tyAga hai aura zeSa jIvana niyama, saMyama, vrata, upavAsAdi ke sAtha .. dharmadhyAna se vyatIta kruuNgaa| mAnasika taiyArI samAdhimaraNa kA dhAraka sabhI sambandhiyoM se jAne-anajAne meM huI galatiyoM ke prati mana, vacana, karma se kSamA mAMgeM aura apane mana se bhI sabhI ko kSamA kreN| koI malinatA mana meM na rkheN| kSamAbhAva rakhane se mana halkA ho jAtA hai| ghara-gRhasthI, vyavasAya, Adi ke bhAra se apane ko mukta kreN| dAna-puNyAdi kA vyavahAra pUrA kara leN| jIvana meM apane dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM kI samAlocanA kara doSoM ke lie pazcAttApa kreN| moha-mamatA se apane ko vilaga kara . jIvanarUpI nAva kA bhAra halkA kareM, tAki bhavasAgara se pAra hone meM sahayogI bne| .. Ajakala ke samaya meM durghaTanAoM ke hone se durbhAgya se kitane logoM kI Akasmika mRtyu ho jAtI hai| yadi manuSya apanA jIvana pUrNa rUpa se jI le aura sahaja svataH mRtyu ho to vaha Aja ke samaya meM bhAgyazAlI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH aisI mRtyu kA svAgata karanA cAhie mRtyu-mahotsava mnaakr| sallekhanA meM sahAyakoM kI mahattA jaba hama kisI mahotsava kA Ayojana karate haiM to usakI nizcit tithi ke bahuta samaya pahale aneka logoM kI sahAyatA lete haiN| unheM unakI kSamatAnusAra alaga-alaga kAryoM ko sauMpa dete haiN| sabhI Ayojana sAnanda saphala hotA hai| isI taraha mRtya-mahotsava karane vAle vyakti ke lie sahAyaka logoM kA sthAna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| sallekhanAdhArI ke puNya yajJa meM sahAyaka jana sadaiva use tatvajJAna pUrNa madhura upadeza karate haiM tathA zarIra aura saMsAra kI asAratA aura kSaNabhaMguratA kA dhyAna dilAte haiM, jisase vaha vyakti rAga-dveSa, moha ko heya samajhakara chor3a cukA hai, yA saMkalpa kara rahA hai vaha unameM punaH lipta na ho| samAdhimaraNa pATha, bAraha bhAvanA, stotrAdi pATha sunAte haiN| AhArAdi para vijaya prApta karane ke liye kramazaH dhIre-dhIre eka-eka vastu kA tyAga karavAte haiN| uThanebaiThane-sone, Adi meM koI parezAnI na ho isameM pUrA sahayoga dete haiN| samAdhimaraNa dhAraka kI saMkalpa aura dRr3hatA ko puSTa karane meM apanA karttavya nibhAte haiN| AtmA va paramAtmA ke milana

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mRtyu-mahotsava - jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM 29 meM bAdhaka sabhI saMsArI cIjoM kA parihAra karavAte haiN| saMyama, svAdhyAya, sAdhanApUrvaka nirvikAra rUpa se mRtyu ko AliMgana karane vAle sAdhaka kA devatA bhI abhinandana karate haiN| __ isa sallekhanA yA mRtyu-mahotsava ko Aja bhI jaina samAja meM jIvaMta rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ise pUrNa hone meM ATha dina se eka mAha taka kA samaya laga jAtA hai| sallekhanA ke ina dinoM meM pUrA samAja abhibhUta ho jAtA hai| dekhane vAle apane ko dhanya mAnate haiM va preraNA lete haiM - isa taraha kA maraNa hama bhI varaNa kreN| vastutaH jIvana jInA hI kalA nahIM varan mRtyu ke kSaNoM meM vivekapUrvaka svayaM ko samhAle hue dharma ke sAtha maranA usase bhI bar3I kalA hai| sallekhanA meM jIvana kA moha, maraNa kA bhaya donoM samApta ho jAte haiN| deha mujhe chor3e isake pahale maiM svayaM ise chor3atA huuN| aisA sAhasa, saMkalpa sallekhanAdhArI hI kara sakatA hai| AtmaghAta aura sallekhanA meM jamIna-AsamAna kA aMtara hai| AtmahatyA ko ghora pApa, mahApApa kI saMjJA detA hai jaina dharma / kyoMki AtmahatyA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, Adi lobha kaluSita vRttiyoM se kI jAtI hai| jabaki "sallekhanA" ina sabhI kaSAyoM se mukta hokara nirmala hRdaya se, samatApUrvaka, mRtyu kI sannikaTa sthiti meM kI jAtI hai| AtmaghAta se AtmA bhaTakatI hai| samAdhimaraNa se mukti kI prApti hotI hai| jaina dharma meM manISiyoM ne aTala satya mRtyu kA svAgata karane hetu use "mRtyu-mahotsava" kA rUpa dekara vizva ke sabhI darzanoM se alaga mRtyu kI anokhI upayogitA siddha kI hai jo sacamuca advitIya hai|

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jaina darzana meM mRtyu vijJAna saMthArA ke pariprekSya meM - anekAnta kumAra jaina sampUrNa vizva meM vibhinna dharma haiM, sampradAya haiN| ina dharmoM aura sampradAyoM ke madhya bhI vibhinna prakAra ke matabheda haiN| jIvana ko lekara matabheda ho sakate haiM - hameM kyA pAlanA cAhie, hameM kaise rahanA cAhie? hameM Izvara mAnanA cAhie yA nahIM? hameM khudA kI hukUmata para vizvAsa hai ki nahIM? pUjA-pATha karanA cAhie yA namAz2a par3hanI cAhie?,ityAdi anekAneka bAteM hamAre jIvana ko lekara matabheda banAye hue haiN| pAzcAtya darzanoM va bhAratIya darzanoM meM isa bAta para matabheda rahA hai ki AtmA hai athavA nahIM? yadi hai to usakA svarUpa kyA hai? punarjanma hotA hai yA nahIM? manuSya janma se pahale kahA~ thA? mRtyu ke bAda svarga jAtA hai yA jannata? mokSa hotA hai athavA nahIM? ityAdi aneka avadhAraNAyeM matabhedoM ko lie hue sadA se calI A rahI haiN| "janma se pahale aura mRtyu ke bAda" isa viSaya para to matabheda ho sakate haiM kyoMki yaha viSaya pratyakSa nahIM hai| yaha sArA viSaya anumAna aura zraddhA kA viSaya hai| kintu janma hotA hai aura jisakA janma hotA hai usakI mRtyu bhI hotI hai, isa viSaya para duniyA ke kisI bhI vyakti ko koI matabheda nahIM hai| arthAt mRtyu kI anAdinidhanatA, sArvabhaumikatA, asAMpradAyikatA svataHsiddha hai| jaina dharma tathA darzana meM mRtyu ko lekara paramparA ke anurUpa atyanta vaijJAnika cintana kiyA gyaa| jainAcAryoM ne vicAra kiyA ki yadi mRtyu honI hI hai to kyoM na vaha sakArAtmaka ho? jisa prakAra hama jIvana meM janma ko naMgala mAnate haiM usI prakAra hama maraNa ko bhI maMgala maaneN| phira vicAra kiyA gayA kisa prakAra ke maraNa ko maMgala mAneM? aura isI vicAra ne jaina dharma ko, tyAga aura saMyama ke caramotkarSa svarUpa "saMthArA" ko janma diyaa| mUlAcAra nAmaka prAkRta, bhASA ke eka prAcIna grantha meM AcArya baTTakera kahate haiM -

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jaina darzana meM mRtyu vijJAna - saMthArA ke pariprekSya meM dhIreNa vi maridavvaM NiddhIreNa vi avassa maridav / jadi dohiM vi maridavvaM varaM hi dhIrakSaNeNa maridavvaM / / (02/65) arthAt jo dhairyazAlI hai vaha bhI maregA aura jo adhairyazAlI hai vaha bhI avazya maregA aura yadi donoM hI avasthAoM meM maranA nizcit hI hai to kyoM na dhairyapUrvaka marA jAye? isI prakAra ve Age kahate haiM - sIleNavi maridavvaM NissIleNavi adassa maridavvaM / jaha dohiM vi maridav varaM hu sIlakSaNeNa maridalaM / / (2/66) arthAt zIlavAlA bhI maregA, niHzIla vAlA bhI avazya mregaa| jaba donoM hI sthitiyoM meM maranA hI hai taba kyoM na zIlapUrvaka marA jaaye| sallekhanA kA artha "sallekhanA" zabda "sat" aura "lekhanA" ina donoM ke saMyoga se banA hai| sat kA artha hai samyaka aura lekhanA kA artha hai apane bure bhAvoM yA kaSAyoM ko kRza krnaa| . sallekhanA kA kAla AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki pratikAra rahita asAdhya dazA ko prApta hue upasarga, durbhikSa, jarA va rugNa sthiti meM yA anya kisI kAraNa ke upasthita hone para sAdhaka sallekhanA karatA upasarge durbhikSe jarasi rujAyAM ca niHprtiikor| dharmAya tanuvimocanAmAhu : sallekhanAmAryA / / __- samIcIna dharmazAstra, 6-1, pR. 160 mUlArAdhanA meM sallekhanA ke adhikArI kA varNana karate hue kucha mukhya kAraNa batAye haiM - (mUlArAdhanA 2, pR. 71.74) __ 1. duzcikitsyAvyAdhi- saMyama ko parityAga kiye binA jisa vyAdhi kA upacAra karanA saMbhava na ho, aisI sthiti utpanna hone pr| 2. vRddhAvasthA - jo zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA karane meM bAdhaka ho| 3. mAnava, deva aura RSi-sambandhI kaThina upasarga upasthita hone pr| 4. cAritra vinAza ke liye anukUla upasarga upasthita kiye jAte hoN|

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32 mRtyu kI dastaka sallekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM hai vartamAna samaya meM jaina darzana ke bhAva vijJAna kI gaharAiyoM ko nahIM samajhane vAle tathAkathita loga isa parama AdhyAtmika bhAva pariSkAra kI cikitsA ko AtmahatyA jaisI tuccha va kAyaratApUrNa kRtya kA nAma dekara apanI alpajJatA kA paricaya dete haiN| sallekhanA va saMthArA ke dvArA jo samAdhipUrvaka maraNa hotA hai, usameM aura AtmahatyA meM maulika aMtara hai : AtmahatyA sallekhanA 1. AtmahatyA vaha vyakti karatA hai jo 1. sallekhanA yA saMthArA vyakti dvArA kisI paristhitiyoM se utpIr3ita hai, udvigna hai, paristhiti se ghabarAkara, nirAzA meM kisI jisakI manokAmanAyeM pUrNa nahIM huI haiN| vaha nimitta se marane kA prayAsa nahIM krtaa| saMgharSoM se Ubakara jIvana palAyana karanA balki saMyama kI ArAdhanA karate huye svAcAhatA hai yA kisI se apamAnita hone para, bhAvika mRtyu se na bhAgakara usakA svAgata kalaha hone para, AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti na karatA hai| hone para, pArasparika mano-mAlinya hone para, kue~ meM kUdakara, samudra meM girakara, viSa khAkara, phA~sI lagAkara apanA jIvana samApta karatA hai| 2. AtmahatyA meM vIratA nahIM, varan kAyaratA 2. sallekhanA meM kaSAya aura vAsanA kA, hai aura jIvana se bhAgane kA prayAsa hai| icchA kA abhAva rahatA hai| isameM sAdhaka AtmahatyA ke mUla meM bhaya aura kAmanAyeM bhayabhIta nahIM rhtaa| . rahatI haiM, kaSAya aura vAsanA kI tIvratA aura uttejanA hai| 3. AtmahatyA karate samaya vyakti kI mukha- 3. sallekhanA meM sAdhaka kI mukha-mudrA pUrNa mudrA vikRta hotI hai, usa para tanAva hotA hai, zAnta hotI hai, usake cehare para kisI kisma usa para bhaya kI rekhAyeM jhalakatI rahatI haiN| kI AkulatA-vyAkulatA nahIM hotii| 4. AtmaghAta karane vAle kA snAyutantra 4. sallekhanA karane vAle kA snAyutaMtra tanAvayukta hotA hai| tanAvamukta hotA hai| 5. AtmaghAta karane vAle kI mRtyu Akasmika 5. sallekhanA svAbhAvika mRtyu ko svIkArane hotI hai| kI kalA hai| usakA AdhAra jIvana-darzana 6. AtmahatyA luka-chipakara kI jAtI hai| 6. sallekhanA kA sthala sabhI ko jJAta hotA hai|

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jaina darzana meM mRtyu vijJAna - saMthArA ke pariprekSya meM 7. AtmahatyA nakArAtmaka hai tathA samAja meM 7. sallekhanA sakArAtmaka hai| samAja meM niMdanIya hai| dharma-viruddha hai| sammAnanIya hai| dharma-sammata hai| samAdhisthala banAye jAte haiN| jabaki koI AtmahatyA sthala nahIM banAye jAte haiN| 8. AtmahatyA meM "hatyA" zabda kA prayoga hai| 8. sallekhanA meM yaha zabda nahIM hai| 9. AtmahatyA meM balAt mRtyu ko bulAyA 9. sallekhanA meM AyI huI mauta kA svAgata jAtA hai| hotA hai| 10. AtmahatyA vivazatA meM kI jAtI hai| 10. sallekhanA svavazatA meM lI jAtI hai| 11. AtmahatyA anAyAsa hotI hai kramika 11. sallekhanA kA eka vaijJAnika krama hai nhiiN| aisA sunane meM nahIM AtA ki amuka jaise 12 varSoM kI utkRSTa niyama sllekhnaa| vyakti eka mahIne se AtmahatyA kara rahA hai| sAdhaka bahuta samaya se tathA bahuta samaya taka . sallekhanA liye rahatA hai| isake alAvA bhI aura adhika mahattvapUrNa tathya yahA~ prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| hama jaba kabhI bhI kisI siddhAnta yA AcAra ko dekhate haiM to usake satya yA asatya kA nirNaya bAhara se kara lete haiM, usakI AtmA ko dekhane kI koziza nahIM krte| tarka se dharma ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA | adhyAtma tarkAtIta hotA hai| sallekhanA ko AtmahatyA kahanA bahuta hI halkA aura sthUla kathana hai| koI binA eksIDeNTa, haoNrTa aTaika yA kisI bImArI ke maregA to logoM ko sivAya AtmahatyA ke koI dUsarA kAraNa hI samajha meM nahIM AyegA / AtmahatyA zabda prasiddha bhI bahuta hai isaliye kaI logoM ko "sallekhanA" kI avadhAraNA meM bhI AtmahatyA hI dikhAI detI hai| ataH hameM hara dRSTi ko samajhane ke lie gaharAI meM avazya jAnA cAhie tabhI hama jaina dharma tathA saMskRti kI isa mahattvapUrNa saccAI ko samajha paayeNge|

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ArAdhanA kI jaina avadhAraNA . evaM sallekhanA - sudhIra kumAra rAya AcArya zivArya racita bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura aparAjita sUri racita isakI TIkA vijayodayA eka aisI paramparA ke grantha haiM jinameM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke kucha lakSaNa vidyamAna haiN| zvetAmbara sampradAya sAdhuoM ke vastra-pAtrAdi kA samarthaka hI nahIM, apitu poSaka bhI hai| kintu digambara sampradAya meM yaha svIkRta nahIM hai| dUsarI ora zvetAmbara sampradAya meM Agama grantha mAnya hai, kintu digambara sampradAya meM nhiiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura isakI TIkA se prakaTa hotA hai ki eka ora inake racayitA vastra-pAtra Adi ke ghora virodhI pratIta hote haiM dUsarI ora Agama granthoM ko mAnyatA dete haiN| nizcit hI inakA sambandha usa paramparA se hai jo zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya ke bheda ke pUrva kI hai| prAyaH candragupta maurya (I.pU. caturtha zatAbdI) kA kAla zvetAmbara-digambara ke bheda kA kAla mAnA jAtA hai| ina sampradAyoM ke vibhakta ho jAne ke bAda bhI pUrvavartI milI-julI paramparA Age taka pracalita rahI aura isa paraMparA ke antargata bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM isakI vijayodayA TIkA kI racanA huii| isa dRSTi se prastuta adhyayana I.pU. caturtha zatAbdI se pUrvavartI sallekhanA sambandhI jaina avadhAraNA para prakAza DAlatA hai| ArAdhanA ko paribhASita karate hue bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI dUsarI gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakacAritra aura tapa ke udyotana, udyavana, nirvahana, sAdhana aura nistaraNa ko ArAdhanA kahate haiN| ArAdhanA ke do bheda haiM - 1. samyaktvArAdhanA aura 2. critraaraadhnaa| __darzana kI ArAdhanA karane para jJAna kI ArAdhanA niyama se hotI hai, kintu jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane para darzana kI ArAdhanA bhajanIya hai, vaha hotI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI, kyoMki samyagdarzana ke hone para samyagjJAna niyama se hotA hai parantu jJAna ke hone para samyagdarzana ke hone kA niyama nahIM hai|

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ArAdhanA kI jaina avadhAraNA evaM sallekhanA 35 saMyama kI ArAdhanA karane para tapa kI ArAdhanA niyama se hotI hai, kintu tapa kI ArAdhanA se caritra kI ArAdhanA bhajanIya hai, kyoMki samyagdRSTi bhI yadi avirata hai to usakA tapa hAthI ke snAna kI taraha vyartha hai| ataH samyakatva ke sAtha saMyamapUrvaka hI tapazcaraNa karanA kAryakArI hotA hai, isaliye caritra kI ArAdhanA meM sabakI ArAdhanA hotI hai arthAt samyagdarzana samyagjJAnapUrvaka hI samyakcAritra hotA hai| isaliye samyakcAritra kI ArAdhanA meM sabakI ArAdhanA garbhita hai| isI se Agama meM ArAdhanA ko caritra kA phala kahA gayA hai aura ArAdhanA paramAgama kA sAra hai kyoMki bahuta samaya taka jJAna, darzana aura caritra kA niraticAra pAlana karane para bhI yadi marate samaya unakI virAdhanA kara dI jAye to usakA phala ananta saMsAra hai| isake viparIta anAdi mithyAdRSTi bhI caritra kI ArAdhanA karake kSaNamAtra meM mukta ho jAte haiN| ataH ArAdhanA hI sArabhUta hai| dhyAtavya hai ki darzana, jJAna, caritra evaM tapa kA ullekha anya Agama sAhitya meM bhI huA hai kintu vahA~ unake lie "ArAdhanA" zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gyaa| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sarvaprathama isa prasaMga meM ArAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| isa grantha meM mukhya rUpa se maraNa samAdhi kA kathana hai| marate samaya kI ArAdhanA hI yathArtha ArAdhanA hai, usI ke liye jIvana bhara ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai; usa samaya virAdhanA karane para jIvana bhara kI ArAdhanA niSphala ho jAtI hai aura usa samaya kI ArAdhanA se jIvana bhara kI ArAdhanA saphala ho jAtI hai| ataH jo marate samaya ArAdhaka hotA hai yathArtha meM usI ke samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakacAritra aura tapa kI sAdhanA ko "ArAdhanA" kahA jAtA hai| jinAgama meM tIrthakaroM ne maraNa ke satraha prakAra batAye haiM - 1. avIcimaraNa, 2. tadbhavamaraNa, 3. avadhimaraNa, 4. AdyantamaraNa, 5. bAlamaraNa, 6. paMDitamaraNa, 7. AsaNNamaraNa, 8. bAlapaMDitamaraNa, 9. sazallamaraNa, 10. balAyamaraNa, 11. vasaTTamaraNa, 12. vippANasamaraNa, 13. giddhapuTThamaraNa, 14: bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, 15. iMginImaraNa, 16. prAyopagamanamaraNa, aura 17. kevalImaraNa | ___ kintu bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke granthakAra ne saMkSepa meM pA~ca prakAra ke maraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - paNDita-paNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, bAlapaNDitamaraNa, bAlamaraNa aura bAlabAlamaraNa / kSINakaSAya aura kevalI kA maraNa paNDita-paNDitamaraNa hai aura viratA-virata zrAvaka kA maraNa bAlapaNDitamaraNa hai| avirata samyagdRSTi ke tIna bheda haiM - bhaktapratijJA, prAyopagamana aura iNginii| yaha maraNa zAstrAnusAra AcaraNa karane vAle sAdhu kA hotA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM maraNa ke do bheda haiM - bAlamaraNa evaM paNDitamaraNa, jabaki sthAnAMga meM aprazastamaraNa aura prshstmrnn| bAlamaraNa evaM aprazastamaraNa ke bAraha prakAra batAye gaye 1. balanmaraNa - pariSahoM se pIr3ita hone para saMyama tyAga karake mrnaa| 2. vazArtamaraNa - indriya viSayoM ke vazIbhUta hokara mrnaa|

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36 . mRtyu kI dastaka 3. nidAnamaraNa - bhAvI jIvana meM dhana, vaibhava, bhoga Adi kI prApti kI icchA rakhate hue . . mrnaa| 4. tadbhavamaraNa - marakara usI bhava meM punaH utpanna honA aura mrnaa| 5. giripatanamaraNa - parvata se girakara mrnaa| 6. tarupatanamaraNa - vRkSa se girakara mrnaa| jalapravezamaraNa - nadI meM bahakara yA jala meM DUbakara mrnaa| 8. agnipravezamaraNa - Aga meM jhulasakara mrnaa| viSabhakSaNamaraNa - viSapAna karake mrnaa| 10. zasyAvapATanamaraNa - zastra kI sahAyatA se mrnaa| 11. vaihAyasamaraNa - phA~sI kI rassI meM jhUlakara mrnaa| 12. giddhapaTTha yA gRddhaspRSTamaraNa- vizAlakAya mRta pazu ke zarIra meM praveza karake mrnaa| paNDitamaraNa athavA prazastamaraNa ke do bheda haiM - 1. bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa - AhAra-jala kA krama se tyAga karate hue samAdhi. pUrvaka prANa tyAga karane ko bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahate haiN| 2. prAyopagamanamaraNa - kaTe hue vRkSa ke samAna nizceSTa par3e rahakara prANa tyAgane ko prAyopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN| bhaktapratyAkhyAna evaM prAyopagamana donoM hI prakAra ke maraNa ko uttama mAnA gayA hai jabaki aprazastamaraNa ke bArahoM prakAra ke maraNa ko adhama koTi kA mAnA gayA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM - savicAra evaM avicAra / yadi maraNa sahasA upasthita ho to avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna hotA hai anyathA savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna hotA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna kA utkRSTa kAla bAraha varSa kahA gayA hai| sAdhaka cAra varSa taka aneka prakAra ke kAyakleza karatA hai| dadha Adi rasoM ko tyAgakara cAra varSa taka zarIra ko sukhAtA hai| AcAmla aura nirvikRti ke dvArA do varSa bitAtA hai| AcAmla ke dvArA eka varSa bitAtA hai| madhyama tapa ke dvArA zeSa varSa ke chaha mAha aura utkRSTa tapa ke dvArA zeSa chaha mAsa bitAtA hai| isa prakAra zarIra kI sallekhanA karate hue vaha pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kI ora sAvadhAna rahatA hai| eka kSaNa ke liye bhI usa ora se udAsIna nahIM hotaa| sallekhanA ke do bheda haiM - bAhya aura Abhyantara / zarIra ko kRza karanA bAhya sallekhanA hai aura kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA Abhyantara sallekhanA hai| bAhya sallekhanA ke lie chaH prakAra

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ArAdhanA kI jaina avadhAraNA evaM sallekhanA ke tapa karane ke liye kahA gayA hai - anazana, avamaudarya, rasoM kA tyAga, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, kAyakleza aura viviktshyaa| sallekhanA ke samaya nimna vastuoM ke tyAgane kI bAta granthakAra ne kahI hai| dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, gur3a aura ghRta kA pUra, pUve, patrazAka, sUpa aura lavaNa, Adi sabakA athavA eka-eka kA tyAga rasa parityAga hai, arthAt sallekhanA kAla meM dUdha Adi sabakA yA unameM se yathAyogya do-tIna-cAra kA tyAga rasa parityAga hai| zarIra sallekhanA karane vAle ko yaha rasa parityAga nAmaka tapa vizeSa rUpa se sevana karanA caahiye| kSapaka sallekhanA ke liye krama se AhAra ko kama karate hue zarIra ko kRza karatA hai aura eka-eka dina grahaNa kiye tapa se, eka dina anazana, eka dina vRttiparisaMkhyAna isa prakAra sallekhanA ko karatA hai| vividha prakAra ke rasarahita bhojana, alpa bhojana, sUkhA bhojana, Acamla bhojana, Adi se aura nAnA prakAra ke ugra niyamoM se donoM prakAra ke saMyamoM ko naSTa na karatA huA apane bala ke anusAra deha ko kRza karatA hai| isa prakAra se sallekhanA karane vAle yA to AcArya hote haiM yA sAmAnya sAdhu hote haiN| yadi AcArya hote haiM to ve zubha muhUrta meM saba saMgha ko bulAkara yogya ziSya para usakA bhAra sauMpakara sabase kSamA yAcanA karate haiM aura naye AcArya ko zikSA dete haiN| usake pazcAt saMgha ko zikSA dete haiN| isa prakAra AcArya saMgha ko zikSA dekara apanI ArAdhanA ke liye apanA saMgha tyAgakara anya saMgha meM jAte haiN| samAdhi kA icchuka AcArya niryApaka kI khoja meM pA~ca sau-sAta sau yojana taka bhI jAtA hai| aisA karane meM use bAraha varSa taka laga sakate haiN| isa kAla meM yadi isakA maraNa bhI hotA hai to vaha ArAdhaka hI mAnA jAtA hai| yogya niryApaka ko khojate hue jaba vaha saMgha meM jAtA hai taba usakI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| AcArya parIkSA ke liye kSapaka se tIna bAra usake doSoM ko svIkAra karAte haiN| yadi vaha tInoM bAra eka hI bAta kahatA hai to use sarala hRdaya mAnate haiM kintu yadi vaha ulaTaphera karatA hai to use mAyAvI mAnate haiM aura usakI zuddhi nahIM krte| isa prakAra zruta kA pAragAmI aura prAyazcitta ke krama kA jJAtA AcArya kSapaka kI vizuddhi karatA hai| .. uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha bhrAnti ho sakatI hai ki yadi sallekhanA hI saccI ArAdhanA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM marate samaya kI ArAdhanA sArabhUta hai to marane se pUrva jIvana meM caritra kI ArAdhanA kyoM karanI cAhiye? isakA uttara hai, ArAdhanA ke liye pUrva meM abhyAsa karanA ucita hai jo usakA pUrvAbhyAsI hotA hai usakI ArAdhanA sukhapUrvaka hotI hai|

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jaina dharma meM janma aura mRtyu - siyAzaraNa pANDeya janma evaM mRtyu kI prakriyA mAtra eka jaiva-vaijJAnika ghaTanA hI nahIM hai balki isakA eka vyApaka dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika sandarbha bhI hai| jaiva-vaijJAnika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM janma evaM mRtyu ko harSa aura viSAda kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yaha duHkhada evaM sukhada vyApaka sAmAjika saMdarbho meM hI hotA hai| isake aucitya evaM anaucitya tathA Adhunika samAja meM isase sambandhita bhrUNa-hatyA evaM icchAmaraNa (yuthenesiyA) jaise ugra evaM vivAdAspada praznoM para vyApaka sAmAjika saMdarbho meM hI vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai; kevala vaijJAnika dRSTi aisI samasyAoM para samyak rUpa se vicAra karane ke liye paryApta nahIM hai| aisI saMskRtiyA~ jo janma aura mRtyu ke eka hI antarAla meM jIvana ko dekhatI haiM aura aisI saMskRtiyA~ jo AvAgamana ke cakra ke rUpa meM jIvana ko samajhAtI haiM - donoM ke liye janma aura mRtyu kA sAmAjika sandarbha alaga-alaga rUpoM meM prastuta hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM to janma-pUrva saMskAra evaM mRtyottara saMskAroM ke itane vyApaka rUpa evaM saMdarbha dekhe jA sakate haiM ki unake binA bhAratIya paramparAgata samAja evaM jIvanadRSTi se sambandhita bahuta sI samasyAoM ko samajhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| janma aura mRtyu kI saMskRti-sApekSa samajha Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM "yuthenesiyA, bhrUNa-hatyA, mA~ banane evaM mA~ nahIM banane ke adhikAra kI mA~ga, liMga pahacAnakara bhrUNa-hatyA ke prayAsa, ityAdi samasyAoM para eka vaizvika sAmAjikaM samajha ke liye janma aura mRtyu kI saMskRti-sApekSa samajha Avazyaka hai| prastuta Alekha meM hama jaiva-vaijJAnika evaM cikitsA vijJAna kI dRSTi se mRtyu kI ghaTanA se sambandhita kucha samasyAoM ko rekhAMkita karate hue jaina dharma ke anusAra janma aura mRtyu kI prakriyA ko nirUpita karane kA prayAsa kreNge| vAstava meM vijJAna mRtyu kI samyak vyAkhyA nahIM kara sakatA, vaha kevala mRtyu kI riporTa mAtra hI de sakatA hai kyoMki vijJAna Aja taka sanAtana cetana tattva ko svatantra dravya yA svatantra zakti ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkAra kara pAyA hai| vijJAna paJcabhautika zarIra ko hI antima sattA mAnakara mRtyu ke viSaya meM itanA hI kahatA

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jaina dharma meM janma aura mRtyu hai ki jaba hRdayagati ruka jAtI hai to mRtyu samajhI jAtI hai| lekina jIva-vijJAna ke anusaMdhAnoM se yaha siddha huA hai ki yaha mRtyu nahIM - "kArDieka airesTsa" hai| vijJAna Aja mAnasika vidyuta taraMgoM kA sthagita honA hI mRtyu kA lakSaNa batAtA hai arthAt jaba mastiSka ko saMvedanAyeM prApta nahIM hotI haiM to vyakti kI mRtyu samajhI jAtI hai| lekina jIva-vijJAna ke ina apUrNa aura atikramita hone vAle niSkarSoM se antataH kevala mRtyu kI sUcanA hI dI jA sakatI hai usakI samyak vyAkhyA nahIM ho sktii| nikaTa bhaviSya meM bijalI ke jhaTake yA mAliza se hRdayagati aura sthagita mAnasika vidyuta taMragoM ko punaH cAlita kiyA jA sakatA hai| lekina yahA~ eka prazna hamase tatkSaNa uttara kI pratIkSA karatA hai ki kyA vijJAna prANI ko mRtyu kI vibhISikA se bacA legA? yahA~ vijJAna mauna ho jAtA hai| antataH hameM dArzanika satya kI zaraNa meM jAkara kahanA hotA hai - "jAtasya hI dhruvo mRtyuH dhruva janma mRtyuzca / mRtyu ke pazcAt vijJAna kA paJcabhautika zarIra to yathAvat hotA hai lekina jIvita avasthA kI ve zaktiyA~ jinase zarIra saMvedanazIla thA, socane-vicArane, nirNaya karane kI vilakSaNa kSamatA thI, apane-parAye kA bhAna thA, prema aura ghRNA ke bhAva hote the, saba kucha ekAeka lupta ho jAtA hai| jisa tattva kI upasthiti ke kAraNa yaha saba kucha hotA hai, use vijJAna jIvita avasthA meM nahIM jAna pAyA to marane ke pazcAt kyA jAnegA? hameM usa adRzya tattva kI upasthiti kA hI kevala anubhava hotA hai, vaha indriya grAhya nahIM hai jise batAyA jA ske| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai - "no indiyagejjhA amutta bhAvA" / vijJAna to zarIra meM "selpha parapIcyueTiva TeNDensI oNpha proToplAjmA" ko bhI samyak rUpeNa nahIM jAna pAtA hai, kyoMki yaha eka cetana kriyA hai| zarIra aura auSadhi vijJAna meM nobela puraskAra vijetA sara jenTa jornoI ne kahA thA "jIvana ke rahasyoM kI apanI khoja meM vijJAna ko kevala paramANu aura vidyutakaNa hI hAtha lage haiM jisameM koI jIvana nahIM hai| isa rAha meM jIvana kahIMna-kahIM aMguliyoM ke bIca se baha gayA hai| vastutaH paramANuoM ke paraspara vyApAra se cetanA ke AvirbhAva ko batAne meM hamArI niSThA ko bahuta bar3I chalAMga lagAnI par3atI hai| DI.ena.e. ke sUtroM se samasta mAnava pravRttiyoM kI samyak vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| jIvana aura mRtyu kI samyak vyAkhyA ke lie bhautika zarIra se svatantra cetana tattva AtmA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| svatantra cetana tattva kA zarIrastha honA hI jIvana kA mUla tattva hai| isI se bhrUNa piNDa meM bhI mana, buddhi, ahaMkAratva, zarIra ke aGgoM meM samarasa antakriyA dekhI jAtI hai| svatantra cetana tattva kI mAnyatA dharma evaM darzana parAvijJAna ke kSetra meM AtI hai, riyala sAiMsa ke kSetra meM nhiiN| 1. gItA, 2/26. 2. draSTavya, Aja, dainika vArANasI, 19 akTUbara, punarjanma viSayaka lekh|

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40. mRtyu kI dastaka vijJAna mRtyu ko jIvana kA sarvathA anta mAnakara evaM punarjanma ko nakArakara, bhautika zarIra ko hI amara banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| lekina dharma-darzana, jo adhyAtma-vidyA (cetanA kA vijJAna) hai, ke anusAra mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM mAtra zarIra kA parivartana hai| vastutaH jIvana svataMtra cetana tattva AtmA kI aharniSa kAla yAtrA hai, jisameM janma evaM mRtyu punaHpunaH Ane vAle saMdhyA aura prabhAta haiN| isalie dharma-darzana isa bhautika zarIra ko amara banAne kA prayAsa nahIM karatA hai? balki usa mahAmaraNa kA saharSa svAgata karatA hai, jisake bAda punarjanma na ho| yaha carama mRtyu jaina dharma ke anusAra AvaraNoM se mukta ho jAne para prApta hotI hai, yahI sabhI dharmoM meM zAzvat zAnti "mokSa kI avasthA hai| jaina dharma meM mRtyu ke rahasya ke udghATana kA eka anubhavasaMgata, buddhisaMgata aura vijJAnasaMgata prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga hI jIvana kA mUla tattva hai| isI se zarIra-mana-prANa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga kyoM hotA hai? yaha eka anAdi prazna hai, lekina bauddhika dRSTi se "karma" ko isakA hetu mAnA jAtA hai| AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga ho jAne para donoM apanI zuddha sthiti meM nahIM rahate haiM balki eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karane lagate haiN| pudgala se sambandhita hone para hI jIva meM rAga utpanna hotA hai aura karma vyApAra zuru hotA hai| AtmA kI zuddha sthiti meM (pudgala viyukta) karma kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| hama jo bhI karma karate haiM, vaha sabhI rAga-dveSajanya haiN| rAga-dveSayukta jIva kI pratyeka mAnasika-kAyika-vAcika kriyA ke sAtha eka paudgalika dravya, jise unakI paramparAgata zabdAvalI meM karma pudgala kahA jAtA hai, jIva kI ora AtA hai, aura jIva ko AvRtta kara letA hai| vastutaH yahI bandhana hai| spaSTa hai jaba AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga hI jIvana kA mUla tattva hai, to unakA sambandha-viccheda hI mRtyu hogaa| isa sambandha-viccheda kI do avasthAyeM haiM, prathama Atyantika-viccheda, jo mokSa hai aura dUsarA AMzika viccheda jo sAMsArika mRtyu hai| prathama meM AtmA kA punaH pudgala saMyoga nahIM hotA hai, dUsare meM karmAvaraNa zeSa hone se punaH saMyoga hokara zarIra banatA hai aura punarbhava hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA mRtyu kA maMtavya isI dUsare prakAra ke AMzika sambandha-viccheda se hai| ise jaina apanI pAramparika zabdAvalI meM purAne Ayu-karma ke dalikoM kA kSINa honA kahate haiN| isalie jaina dharma meM isa mRtyu kA artha AtmA kA audArika zarIra se pRthak honA hai| isakA kAraNa oja-AhAra kI prakriyA kA zarIra meM ruka jAnA hai| oja-AhAra kA artha hai, jIvana ko dhAraNa karane vAlI paudgalika zakti, jisake dvArA AtmA tIna zarIra aura cha: paryAptiyoM ko grahaNa karatI hai| prANI jaba garbhastha hotA hai to prathama kSaNa meM vaha jina pudgaloM ___3. gItA, 2/22/ aura 6/3 | 4. pravacanasAra - uddhRta, bhAratIya darzana, DA.bI.ena. siMha, pR. 154 | 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 186 |

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jaina dharma meM janma aura mRtyu aNupiNDoM ko grahaNa karatA hai vahI oja-AhAra kahalAte haiN| yahI prANI ke samUce jIvana kA AdhAra hai| prANI ke zarIra kA nirmANa - zvAsocchavAsa - AMkha, kAna, Adi indriyoM kA nirmANa, vAk sAmarthya kA nirmANa yaha saba bAda kI kramazaH niSpattiyA~ hotI haiN| jaina dharma meM inheM cha: paryAptiyoM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ye haiM - AhAra-paryApti, zarIra-paryApti, zvAsocchavAsa-paryApti, bhASA-paryApti aura manaHparyApti / janma ke prArambha meM jIva ke dvArA jo paudgalika zakti kA nirmANa hotA hai vaha "paryApti" hai - bhavArambhe paudgalika sAmarthya nirmANaM pryaaptiH| saMskArAtmaka rAga-dveSayukta jIva kA pudgala sambandha se sarvaprathama AhAra-paryApti kA nirmANa hotA hai, tatpazcAt anya paryAptiyoM kA nirmANa aMtarmuhUrta samaya meM kramazaH hotA hai| AhAra-paryApti ke mAdhyama se prANI AhAra ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, aura AhAra ke rUpa meM unakA pariNamana karatA hai| usake pazcAt kramazaH zarIra-indriyazvAsocchavAsa-bhASA, mana ke yogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa hotA hai| isa prakAra se kramazaH pariNamana aura utsarga ke dvArA AhAra-paryApti Adi cha: paryAptiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra kisI bhI prANI ke sampUrNa jIvana kI racanA aura kriyAyeM inhIM paryAptiyoM ke AdhAra para hotI haiN| lekina yahA~ dhyAnAkarSaka bAta yaha hai ki ye paryAptiyA~ mAtra paudgalika zaktiyA~ haiM. inameM saMvedanazIlatA kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai| ataH inake saMcAlana aura kriyAzIlatA kA AdhAra koI dUsarA tattva hai, jise dharma meM "prANa tattva" kahA gayA hai| prANa kA artha hai - jIvana - zakti jo caitasika hone se saMvedanazIla hotA hai| prANa apanI abhivyakti pAne ke lie paryAptiyoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura prANa kI aisI prAkRtika pravRtti hI jIva aura pudgala ke tAdAtmya kA mUla kAraka hai| prANa aura paryApti meM mUla antara yaha hai ki prANa Atmika zakti hai jabaki paryApti jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kI gayI paudgalika zakti hai| AtmA kI sabhI kAyika, mAnasika pravRttiyA~ bAhya evaM zarIra sApekSa haiM, jo pudgala-dravya ke grahaNa se nirmita hotA hai| ina pravRttiyoM kA sampAdana karane vAlI zakti kA nAma "prANa tattva hai| jina paudgalika zaktiyoM ke mAdhyama se ye kriyAyeM sampAdita hotI haiM vahI paryAptiyA~ haiN| paryApti aura prANa meM kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha hai| paryApti kAraNa hai, aura prANa usakA kArya / kyoMki AtmA kA pudgala se saMyoga hone para hI paryApti kA nirmANa hotA hai aura AtmA "prANa tattva' ke rUpa meM paryAptiyoM meM apanI abhivyakti pAtI hai| isalie prANa kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa paryAptiyA~ hI hai| pA~ca indriyoM kA kAraNa indriya-paryApti hai| manobala, kAyabala evaM vacanabala ke kAraNa kramazaH manaH-paryApti, zarIra-paryApti aura bhASA-paryApti hai| zvAsocchvAsa paryApti kA kAraNa hotA hai - pAna-apAnavyAnaM-udAna, evaM AyuSya prANa kA kAraNa hai AhAra paryApti / AhAra paryApti ke AdhAra para hI 6. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 197 |

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42. mRtyu kI dastaka AyuSya prANa TikatA hai, aura isakI samApti hI mRtyu hai| zArGgadhara kA bhI mata hai - zarIra aura prANa kA saMyoga AyuSya hai, aura inakA viyoga mRtyu hai|' isa prakAra jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra AhAra-paryApti ke nirmANa samaya meM grahaNa kiyA gayA oja-AhAra aura AyuSya-prANa hI prANI ko zarIra vizeSa meM jIvita rakhate haiN| isakA kSINa ho jAnA hI mRtyu hai| jaba taka yaha samApta nahIM hotA, prANI kA zarIra vigalita kyoM na ho jAye, zarIra ke yaMtra - phephar3e, hRdaya-mastiSka, kyoM na apanA kAma banda kara deM, indriyA~ kyoM na zithila ho jAeM, zvAsocchavAsa bhI sthagita ho jAe, phira bhI prANI jIvita rahatA hai| dUsarI ora zarIra-indriyA~ saba kucha svastha kyoM na raheM, lekina yadi eka zarIra meM ojaAhAra kI zakti kSINa ho jAnA hai| aisI hI mRtyu yathArtha mRtyu hotI hai jo Ajakala prAyaH hotI hI nhiiN| mRtyu kI sabhI ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa koI-na-koI vyAdhi yA bAhya asaMtulana hote haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki zvAsa yA hRdayagati athavA sthagita mAnasikIya vidyuta taraMgoM ko vijJAna punaH saMcAlita karane meM saphala kyoM na ho jAe, vaha prANI ko mRtyu ke paMje se nahIM bacA sakatA hai| mRtyu kA samyak spaSTIkaraNa jaina dharma meM varNita zarIra vibhAga ke varNana se bhI ho jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH prANI ke tIna zarIra hote haiM - audArika, tejas aura kArmaNa / sthUla pudgaloM se nirmita zarIra, jisakA chedana-bhedana sambhava hai, vaha hai audArika zarIra / jo zarIra tejomaya hone se khAye hue AhAra ke paripAka kA hetu aura dIpti kA nimitta hotA hai vaha hai tejas zarIra / jo zarIra karmajanya hai vahI kArmaNa zarIra kahalAtA hai| ise karma-piNDa yA karma-samUha bhI kahate haiN| vyAvahArika jIvana meM karma rUpa, kAma, krodha, rAga, dveSa, icchA, vAsanA, sabhI saMskAra rUpa meM Atmalipta rahate haiM, isase hI kArmaNa zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| kArmaNa aura tejas zarIra sUkSma hote haiM isaliye mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI ve AtmA ke sAtha rahate haiN| ataH jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra mRtyu kA vAstavika artha - "AtmA kA apane audArika zarIra se vilaga honA hai|" mRtyu ke pazcAt AtmA apane kArmaNa aura tejas zarIra se yukta rahate hue, Rju yA vigraha gati se apane gantavya sthAna para pahu~ca jAtI hai, jahA~ use punaH janma lenA hai| isa prakAra prANI kI mRtyukarma-saMskAra ke anurUpa Rju yA vigraha gati, strI-puruSa ke rati-kriyA se saMsecita bhrUNa meM praveza, garbha-kAla aura zizu kA janma yaha naye zarIra ke grahaNa evaM vikAsa kA krama hai| yahI AdhyAtmika jIvana kA rahasya hai| 7. zAGgadhara saMhitA, 5/45/| ___8. jaina dharma meM prANI ke pAMca zarIra batAye gaye haiM - dekheM, sarvArthasiddhi, 2/26 | 9. tattvArtha sUtra, paM. sukhalAlajI, pR. 79 / 10. vahI, pR. 711

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jaina dharma meM janma aura mRtyu punarjanma ke naye sthAna - yoni kA nirdhAraNa "karma" ke AdhAra para hotA hai| AdhAra kA yahA~ matalaba pUrvakRta karma (prArabdha karma) se hai - jo guNAtmaka dRSTi se vividha prakAra kA hai|" suzruta kA bhI mata hai - karmaNA ceditoyena, tadApnoti punarbhava 12 mRtyu ke pazcAt prANI ko bhAvI gantavya sthAna taka pahu~cane meM kama-se-kama eka samaya aura adhika-se-adhika cAra samaya lagatA hai| Rju gati se jAne meM eka samaya aura vigraha gati se jAne meM eka mor3a, do mor3a, tIna mor3a hone para kramazaH do samaya, tIna samaya aura cAra samaya lagatA hai| punarbhava kA sthAna kitanA bhI dUra kyoM na ho, prANI ke pahuMcane meM adhika-se-adhika cAra samaya lagatA hai| yaha samaya eka kSaNa ke zatAMza se bhI kama hai| ise jaina dharma meM "antarAla gati" kahA jAtA hai| isa antarAla gati ke samaya AtmA ke sAtha audArika zarIra kA abhAva hotA hai, lekina AtmA sUkSma zarIra arthAt tejas, AhAraka aura kArmaNa zarIra se yukta hotI hai| gantavya sthAna para pahu~cakara AtmA sarvaprathama oja-AhAra kA grahaNa karatI hai jo usake naye zarIra ke nirmANa kA AdhAra hotA hai| isa prakAra AtmA punaH audArika zarIra yA vaikraya zarIra se yukta hokara saMsAra ke kriyAkalApoM meM bhAga letI hai| kevala mucyamAna jIva tInoM zarIroM ko chor3akara Rjugati siddhizilA taka pahuMca jAte haiN| bandhana ke kAraNa kA abhAva hone se unakI janma-maraNa kI prakriyA samApta ho jAtI hai| saMkSepa meM jaina dharma ke anusAra yahI janma-maraNa kI prakriyA hai| - 11. tattvArthasUtra, pR. 65. 12. suzruta saMhitA 2/55/ /

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sikha dharma meM mRtyu kA svarUpa - reNu dvivedI "mRtyu" jIvana kA zAzvat satya hai| jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka mRtyu kI bhI sattA hai| samasta saMsAra janma evaM mRtyu ke cakra meM Abaddha hai| jisakA janma huA hai usakI mRtyu avazyambhAvI hai| isa zAzvat satya ko svIkAra karate hue bhI bhAratIya paramparA mRtyu se amaratA kI ora calane kA saMdeza detI hai| bhAratIya paramparA adhyAtmavAdI hai| asaMtoSa, pIr3A, nazvaratA, sadA se hI bhAratIya manISA ko kacoTatI rahI hai jisake samAdhAna hetu adhyetA mUla kAraNa ke anveSaNa meM kriyAzIla rahe haiN| maitreyI kI jijJAsA - "kiM'haM tena kuryAma yenA'mRtam syAt" bhAratIya cintana yAtrA meM mIla kA patthara hai| bhAratIya cintaka laghutA se pUrNatA kI ora jAne ke lie satat prayatnazIla rahA hai, sImA bandhana hai unmuktatA mukti hai| "mukti kI kAmanA samasta bhAratIya dArzanikoM dvArA samAna rUpa se svIkAra kI gayI hai| mukti ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM darzanoM meM kiJcit bheda ho sakatA hai parantu samasta dharma-darzana "mukti" ko apane jIvana kA carama lakSya svIkAra karate haiN| "mukti" kisase ho? uttara spaSTa hai sAMsArika duHkhoM se| sAMsArika duHkha aneka prakAra ke haiM jisameM sarvapramukha duHkha hai janma-maraNa kA duHkha / isI janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta honA bhAratIya cintakoM kA sarvapramukha lakSya rahA hai| bhAratIya cintakoM kI adhyAtmavAdI dRSTi kevala jagat ke kriyAkalApa para hI kendrita na thii| saMsAra atizaya duHkhamaya hai ataH duHkha ke Atyantika nivAraNa kA maulika upAya khoja nikAlanA jIvana kA carama Adarza hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (1.3.28) meM prArthanA kI gayI hai - "asato mA sad gamaya / tamaso mA jyotirgamaya / mRtyormA'mRtaM gamaya / " asat se sat kI ora, andhakAra se prakAza kI ora aura mRtyu se amaratA kI ora jAnA hI mAnava jIvana kA uddezya honA caahie| parantu mRtyu to zAzvat satya hai| phira mRtyu se amaratA kI ora kaise jAyA jA sakatA hai? bhAratIya cintakoM ne isa viSaya para sUkSmatA ke sAtha vicAra kiyA hai aura jIva ke vartamAna janma ke sAtha-sAtha pUrvajanmoM evaM AgAmI janmoM ke viSaya meM bhI vyApaka vimarza kiyA hai tathA amaratA ke mArga ko DhU~Dha nikAlA hai|

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sikkha dharma meM mRtyu kA svarupa sikha dharma bhAratIya dharma darzanoM ke vizAla udyAna kA eka suvAsita puSpa hai| yaha dharma pravRttimUlaka dharma hai| yahA~ jIvana evaM mRtyu ke viSaya meM gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sikha dharma kA pavitra dhArmika grantha hai aadigrnth| ise hama santamata kA adbhuta evaM prAmANika saMkalana kaha sakate haiN| Adigrantha meM sikha dharma ke dasa guruoM ke atirikta nAmadeva, jJAnadeva, ekanAtha, tukArAma, kabIra, dAdU, dhannA, mIrAbAI, raidAsa, zekhapharIda, Adi tatkAlIna lagabhaga sabhI saMtoM kI vANI samAna Adara ke sAtha saMgrahita hai| isase isa dharma kA vyApaka samanvayAtmaka rUpa ujAgara hotA hai| sikha dharma ke Adi pravartaka guru nAnakadeva jI kI racanAoM meM janma evaM mRtyu ke viSaya meM sahaja jijJAsA prApta hotI hai ki "janma-maraNazIla jIva kahA~ se AtA hai? kisa prakAra utpanna hotA hai? aura kisameM jAkara samA jAtA hai? isakA samAdhAna bhI vahIM agale pada meM prApta ho jAtA hai ki - "jIva sahaja hI jAtA hai| mana ke saMkalpa vikalpa se utpanna hotA hai aura AtmajJAna hone para mana meM hI samA AtA hai| 2 mana ke saMkalpa-vikalpa se yahA~ tAtparya karma tathA karmagata saMskAroM se hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM jIvana evaM mRtyu kA sIdhA saMbaMdha "karma" se jor3A jAtA hai| isI paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue sikha guruoM ne bhI jIva meM janma evaM mRtyu ko usake karmoM kA hI pariNAma mAnA hai| sikha dharma meM mAnavakRta karmoM ko "kirata-karma" kahA gayA hai| "kirata" saMskRta bhASA ke "kRta" zabda kA hI tadva rUpa hai jisakA artha hai kiyA huaa| "kirata" zabda ke mAdhyama se sikha guruoM ne gata-janmoM meM kie gaye karmoM ke paramparAgata bhAvoM ko hI abhivyakta kiyA hai| jIva apane "kirata-karma ke anusAra hI janma grahaNa karatA hai aura mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| __"jAtasya hi dhruvaM mRtyu" bhagavadgItA ke isa udghoSa kI hI bhAMti sikha dharma meM bhI samasta jIvadhArI ko mRtyu ke niyama ke adhIna mAnA gayA hai| jo janma dhAraNa karatA hai usakI mRtyu nizcit hai - ". jo upajai se kAli saMdhAriA - gauDI, aSTapadI 14 pratyeka prANI ise vidhAtA se likhAkara AyA hai - maraNa likhAi maMDala mahi aaye| __ - ghanAsarI aSTapadI 1/6 1. jAto jAi kahA te Ave, kaha upaje kaha jAe samAvai, kiu bA~dhio kiu mukuti pAvai, kiu avinAsI sahaja smaavai| - gauDI pade 6/1 2. sahajai Ave sahajai jAi, mana te upajai mana mA~hi smaaii| gurumukhi mukato baMdhu na pAI, sabadu vIcArI chuTai hrinaaii| - vahI, 6/2

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46. mRtyu kI dastaka sabhI jIvoM ko eka dina isa saMsAra se bichur3anA hI hai - sabhanA maraNA bichor3A sabhanAha - soraTha pade 1/1 mRtyu nizcit hai parantu isake viSaya meM koI nahIM jAnatA ki kaba, kahA~ aura kaise mRtyu A jaaegii| yaha mRtyu kisI se pUchakara nahIM AtI aura na hI yaha rAjA athavA raMka meM koI bheda rakhatI hai - marANI na mUratu puchiyA, pUchI thiti na vAra, . ikanI ladiyA iki ladi, cale ikatI vadhebhAra / - sAraMga, zloka 26 parantu paramAtmA kI kRpA jisa para ho jAtI hai vaha "mRtyu" ko bhI jIta letA hai| mRtyu usakA kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM paatii| jinu kau Api lae prabhu meli, tinu kau kAlunasAke veli / ___ - AsA, pade 15/2 isIlie sikha dharma meM Izvara bhakti tathA nAma smaraNa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| Izvara bhakti dvArA vyakti Izvara kI kRpA prApta kara sakatA hai jisase vaha mRtyu para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| "mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vyakti kI mRtyu nahIM hogI kyoMki mRtyu to nizcit hai, apitu isakA tAtparya mAtra itanA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt vaha Izvara meM samA jAtA hai aura janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai phira use punaH janma dhAraNa nahIM karanA par3atA aura na hI vaha mRtyu kA grAsa banatA hai| yahI vAstavika mukti kI avasthA hai| sikha dharma meM mRtyu ke pazcAt ke jIvana ke viSaya meM do hI sambhAvanAeM haiM yA to jIva karmopabhoga ke lie pana: janma-grahaNa karegA yA makta ho Izvara kA sAnidhya prApta kregaa| bIca meM pitaraloka athavA svarga-naraka kI koI sthiti sikha dharma meM svIkAra nahIM kI gayI hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt mukta jIva ke viSaya meM do siddhAnta pAe jAte haiM - 1. laya siddhAnta 2. saMrakSaNa kA siddhAnta / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva Izvara meM samA jAtA hai aura use paramAnanda kI prApti ho jAtI hai| "mRtyu" ke viSaya meM carcA karate hue eka pramukha samasyA upasthita hotI hai ki "mRtyu" kisakI hotI hai, maratA kauna hai? bhAratIya paramparA meM jIva ko avinAzI mAnA gayA hai| vaha na maratA hai na mArA jAtA hai| isI paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue sikha dharma meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki - 3. The Sikh Review, 1983, Chapter 18. 4. nAyaM hanti na hanyate - gItA 2/19.

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sikkha dharma meM mRtyu kA svarupa nA jIu marai na mArIA jAI, kari dekhe sabadi rajAI ho| - mAru solahe 6 yadi jIva amara hai to maratA kauna hai? zarIra, jo ki pA~ca bhautika tattvoM kA banA huA hai vaha to jar3a hai| cetanA usameM jIva athavA Atmatattva ke kAraNa hI hai tathA mRtyu kA sambandha to cetana tattva se hI hai| isa viSaya para spaSTIkaraNa karate hue sikha dharma meM kahA gayA hai ki "mAyA" ke kAraNa tathA karmopabhoga ke lie "jIva" zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai tathA karmopabhoga ho jAne para evaM mAyA kA baMdhana haTa jAne para zarIra kA tyAga kara detA hai| jIva dvArA zarIra dhAraNa karanA janma hai tathA zarIra kA tyAga hI mRtyu hai| "mAyA" grasta hone para tathA karmopabhoga ke lie jIva bAra-bAra janma grahaNa karatA hai aura mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| vartamAna janma se pUrva jIva ko kitane janmoM se jur3anA par3A hai yaha koI nahIM batA sakatA - jur3i jur3i bichur3i jur3e jIvi jIvi mue mue jiive| ketiA ke bApa ketiyA ke beTe kete guru cele hue, Agai pAchai gaNata na Avai kiA jAtI kiyA huNi hue| -- sAraMga zloka 4 karmoM ke anusAra jIva aneka yoniyoM meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| kabhI unheM sUkhe vRkSa kI yoni dhAraNa karanI par3atI hai, kabhI pakSiyoM kI yoni meM jAnA par3atA hai| sabhI yoniyoM meM janma evaM mRtyu kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| parantu manuSya yoni prApta hone para janma-mRtyu ke cakra se chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai| isIlie sikha guruoM ne isa zarIra ko hari kA mandira kahA hai| isa zarIra meM hI parama jyoti sthApita hai - kAiA mahalu maMdaru gharU hari kA, tisumahi rAkhi jyoti apAra - mahArapade 5/4 yaha zarIra paramAtmA kA mahala yA mandira hai| satyasvarUpa paramAtmA ne zarIra rUpI gar3ha aura phira usa gar3ha ke bhItara bhavana kI racanA kI hai aura svayaM hI usa bhavana kA svAmI hai| usa bhavana meM apane baiThane ke lie paramAtmA ne dazama dvAra rUpI sacce takhta kI racanA kI hai| bhagavadgItA meM zarIra ko nau dvAroM vAlA batAyA gayA hai (5/13) / guru nAnakadeva ne eka dazama dvAra kI bhI parikalpanA kI hai| unake anusAra kAyA hI vAstavika nagara hai aura gaganaMdapurI (dazama dvAra) meM sacce hari kA nivAsa hai| ___5. kete rukha virakha hama cIne, kete pasU upaae| kete nAga kulI mahi Ae, kete paMkha udd'aae|| mAru solahe 18/12 (nAnakavANI, gaur3I cetaha, sabada 17) /

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mRtyu kI dastaka vaha sthAna sthira hai aura sadA nirmala rahatA hai| zarIra rUpI gar3ha ke andara jJAna aura karmendriyoM kA bAjAra sajA huA hai| dazama dvAra rUpI guphA hI usakA nivAsa sthAna hai|' use bAhara DhU~r3hanA vyartha hai| vaha amRta padArtha to bhItara hI basatA hai - bAhari DhU~r3hata bahuta duHkha pAvahiM hari amRtu ghaTa mAhi jIu - soraTha, pade 9 upaniSadoM meM bhI zarIra ko devAlaya athavA hari kA maMdira kahA gayA hai| yaha mAnava zarIra atyanta durlabha hai, kyoMki paramAtmA kI upAsanA, sAdhanA kA yaha sarvapramukha sAdhana hai| yadyapi yaha zarIra nazvara hai, tathApi sikha guruoM ne kahIM bhI zarIra ko heya nahIM mAnA hai - 'unakA kahanA hai ki mANikya tathA hIre jaise mAnava janma ko vyartha naSTa nahIM karanA cAhie - mANasu janamu durlabha gurumukhi pAiyA, hIre jaisA janamu hai kaur3I badale jAi - sUhI aSTapadI 3/1 guru amaradAsa ne bhI mAnava janma ko pUrvajanmoM ke zubha karmoM kA pariNAma mAnate hue ise haribhakti kA sarvottama sAdhana kahA hai| isa durlabha mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA tabhI hai jaba vaha Izvara se apanI lau lagA le aura usakI bhakti meM apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara de| kyoMki isa zarIra kI mahattA tabhI taka hai jaba taka jIva kA isase sambaMdha hai| jIva kA zarIra se zAzvat saMbaMdha nahIM hai| jIva evaM zarIra ke saMbaMdha ko rUpaka ke mAdhyama se spaSTa karate hue AdigraMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki "jIvAtmA yogI puruSa ke samAna hai jo aharniza zarIra rUpI strI ke sAtha AnandapUrvaka bhoga karatA rahatA hai aura jaba bhoga pUrNa ho jAtA hai to calA jAtA hai / " yahI mRtyu kI avasthA hai| mRtyu kI avasthA kA varNana karate hue AdigraMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki - mRtyu avasthA meM zarIra bar3A bhayAvaha ho jAtA hai| usakI jIvana sattA rUpI prajvalita agni bujha jAtI hai aura bujhate samaya dhuAM taka nahIM nikltaa|" mRtyu kI bhayAvahatA evaM mRtyu ke zoka se ubarane kA ekamAtra upAya sikha dharma ke anusAra Izvara meM ekaniSTha bhakti hai| yadi paramAtmA svayaM prANI ko apane meM milA le to use kAla se mukti mila sakatI hai - 7. mAru solahe 182121 __8. devo devAlayaH proktaH sajIvaH kevalaH zivaH / 9. kAiA haMsa prIti bahudhArI ohajogI purukhu oha suMdara nArI, ahanisa bhoge coja vinodii| uThi ulatai matA na kInA hai| - mAru solahe 8/6 10. sirI pade 14/11

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sikkha dharma meM mRtyu kA svarupa "jiu kaU Api lae prabhu meli tinu kau kAlu na sAkai veli" - AsApade 15/2 paramAtmA ke anugraha dvArA jIva AvAgamana ke baMdhana se chUTa jAtA hai aura use isa janma meM prabhu kA anugraha tathA mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA sAnidhya prApta ho jAtA hai| ___sikha dharma meM mRtyu ke pazcAt pitaraloka kI koI vyavasthA svIkRta nahIM hai aura na hI vahA~ svarga kA pralobhana hai aura na hI narka kI bhyaavhtaa| vahA~ to kevala hIre jaisA jIvana hai jise saphala banAkara "mRtyu" ko jItA jA sakatA hai|

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA islAma kI dRSTi meM - muktadA hasana ajaharI muslima dArzanikoM ne mRtyu para dharma evaM darzana, donoM pahaluoM se prakAza DAlA hai tathA dhArmika vidvAnoM ne pavitra kuraAna evaM hadIsa ke prakAza meM isakI vivecanA kI hai| ina vidvAnoM ne isa tathya para bahuta bala diyA hai ki jaba mRtyu aparihArya satya hai aura usake bAda eka naye jIvana kA Agamana hai taba to manuSya mAtra ko usakI taiyArI meM puNya kArya karanA ati Avazyaka hai jisase usakI Ane vAlI nayI jindagI sukha-zAntimaya ho| 'jaisAki pahale kahA gayA hai ki yaha viSaya bar3A vyApaka hai isalie saMkSepa kI dRSTi se maiMne nimnalikhita tathyoM para hI prakAza DAlA hai - mRtyu kI paribhASA, "mRtyu' zabda kA varNana pavitra kuraAna meM mRtyu se sambandhita vibhinna dRSTikoNa, zAha valIullAha (eka mahAn dhArmika vidvAn) kA mata, mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kI avasthA, kabra kI avasthA, pavitra kuraAna meM mRtyu kA varNana, mRtyu ke smaraNa kA lAbha, sakarAta (maraNAsanna) kI avasthA, mRtyu-sambandhI vibhinna vidvAnoM kA mata, antataH mRtyu eka kavi kI dRSTi meN| AzA hai ki isa lekha dvArA mRtyu-sambandhI islAma kA dRSTikoNa kucha avazya spaSTa hogaa| mRtyu kI paribhASA mauta arabI bhASA kA zabda hai| zabdakoSa meM ise "hayAta" arthAt jIvana kA viloma batAyA gayA hai| pAribhASika artha yaha hai ki AtmA zarIra se pRthak ho jaae| imAma gajAlI ne isakI vivecanA karate hue likhA hai ki zarIra AtmA ke anugamana se svatantra ho jAtA hai| isalie aba zarIra se usake upabhoga kA krama samApta ho jAtA hai| (ala mausuatula phikahIyA, 39/248) * anuvAdaka ahamada husena

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - islAma kI dRSTi meM "mRtyu' (mauta) zabda kA varNana kuraAna meM islAma ke nirdeza jIvana evaM mRtyu donoM se sambandhita haiN| islAma ne jIvana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai aura donoM ke madhya mRtyu kI avasthA hai| dUsarA jIvana mRtyoparAnta prArambha hotA hai| ataH donoM jIvana kI avasthA evaM usase sambandhita nirdeza varNana ke sAthasAtha mauta kA vistRta varNana bhI Avazyaka hai| isIlie pavitra kuraAna ne isa para vyApaka prakAza DAlA hai| isa tathya para kuraAna ke vizeSa dhyAna kA anumAna isa bAta se hotA hai ki 'mauta' zabda kA varNana pavitra kuraAna meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM lagabhaga pacAsa bAra huA hai, tathA lagabhaga eka sau paiMtIsa (135) bhAvoM meM isa zabda kA artha vyakta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekha sakate haiM ki kuraAna isa tathya ko manuSya ke mastiSka meM sadaiva jAgrat rakhanA cAhatA hai jisase ki usakA paraloka jIvana zAntimaya evaM maMgalamaya rhe| viSaya kI kaThinatA manuSya ke jJAnArjana srota sImita haiN| abhI taka bahuta se jJAna-vijJAna-sambandhI tathya usakI buddhi se bAhara haiN| parantu yaha usakI truTi nahIM hai apitu usake mahattva kI vyAkhyA evaM anveSaNa ke uddezya kA mahattva ujAgara karane kA eka acchA udAharaNa hai| mauta bhI eka aisI hI saccAI hai jisakI pUrNa vAstavikatA aura usakA rahasyodghATana manuSya kSamatA se abhI pare hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mRtyu kI vAstavikatA jAnane ke lie jIvana kA rahasya jAnanA Avazyaka hai| yaha rahasya, AtmA kA rahasya samajhe binA samajha pAnA asambhava hai| - AtmA ke sambandha meM navI sa. ko mAtra itanA kahane kA nirdeza hai ki AtmA Izvara kA eka amra (nirdeza) hai| prasiddha vidvAn imAma gaz2AlI ne isase yaha artha liyA hai ki AtmA kI vAstavikatA prApta kara lene ke bAda bhI kisI dhArmika vidvAn ko yaha adhikAra nahIM hai ki vaha usakA rahasyodghATana kre| hAM, mRtyoparAnta AtmA kI avasthA para vicAra vyakta kara sakatA hai| mRtyu-sambandhI vibhinna kathana mRtyu kI vAstavikatA ko samajhane kI kaThinAI kA anumAna vibhinna logoM ke kathanoM se hotA hai| kalpanA evaM anumAna kA sahArA lekara vibhinna vidvAnoM ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| parantu vAstavikatA prApta karane meM saphala nahIM ho sake haiN| kucha kalpanAeM . evaM anumAna nimnalikhita haiM - 1. mRtyu kI vAstavikatA apratyakSa hai arthAt mRtyoparAnta nava jIvana, koI parIkSA tathA pratiphala nahIM, jisa prakAra jAnavara evaM vanaspatiyAM naSTa ho jAtI haiM usI prakAra manuSya kA. bhI anta ho jAtA hai|

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52 . mRtyu kI dastaka 2. manuSya mRtyu ke bAda vilIna ho jAtA hai| use kabra meM kisI bhI prakAra ke sukha-duHkha * kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| hAM, jaba punaH use jIvana prApta hogA taba pUrva karma kA pratiphala bhogegaa| . 3. AtmA naSTa nahIM hotI hai arthAt mRtyu se usakA anta nahIM hotA hai| daMDa aura acchA pratiphala kA sambandha isI AtmA se hI hotA hai, zarIra se nhiiN| zarIra kA koI mahattva na hogaa| yathArtha kathana uparokta tInoM kathanoM ko imAma gaz2AlI ne yathArtha se pare samajhA hai tathA kuraAna va hadIsa kI rozanI meM satpatha pradarzana karate hue likhA hai ki "mRtyu" eka avasthA parivartana mAtra hai| zarIra se pRthaktA ke bAda bhI AtmA jIvita rahatI hai| use sukha-duHkha kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| zarIra aura AtmA ke ApasI sambandha ko spaSTa karate hue imAma gaz2AlI ne likhA hai ki mAnava zarIrAMga AtmA ke yaMtra evaM mAdhyama haiM unakA upayoga AtmA karatI hai| mRtyu ke bAda usakA sambandha zarIra se TUTa jAtA hai parantu aba isa avasthA meM AtmA ko binA kisI mAdhyama ke jJAna prApta hotA hai| vaha sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| isa vivecanA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AtmA ko aMga dvArA jo kucha anubhUti hotI hai vaha mRtyu ke bAda samApta ho jAtI hai tathA jo kucha bagaira mAdhyama ke prApta hotA hai usakA krama mRtyoparAnta bhI jArI rahatA hai| (ahayAula ulUma, 4/612) zAha valIullAha kA kathana Apa hindustAna ke eka bahuta bar3e vidvAn the| dharmazAstra kA rahasya, viSaya para unakI pustaka hujjatullAhilavAlegaha bahuta prasiddha hai| isa pustaka meM zAha sAhaba ne mRtyu kI vAstavikatA para bhI vicAra vyakta kiyA hai| unakI bhASA-zailI kucha kaThina hai parantu tathya bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai| mRtyu kI avasthA meM AtmA kA zarIra se jisa prakAra kA sambandha hotA hai use spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM - fmn ql bn lnfs lnTqy@ lmkhSwS@ blnsn `nd lmwt trfD lmd@ mTlq fqd khrS, n`m ln md@ bldht, why lnsm@, wmd@ bl`rD, whw ljsm l'rDy, fdh mt lnsn lm yDr nfsh zwl lmd@ l'rDy@, wbqyt Hl@ bmd@ lnsm@, wykwn klktb lmjyd lmnwf bktbnh dh qT`t ydh, mlk@ lktb@ bHlh." arthAt yadi koI yaha kahatA hai ki AtmA mRtyu ke samaya padArtha ko pUrNataH chor3a detA hai to vaha jhUTha kahatA hai| hAM bAta yaha hai ki usakA eka svayaM kA padArtha

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - islAma kI dRSTi meM arthAt prANa hai aura dUsarA bhautika padArtha arthAt zarIra hai| jaba manuSya mara jAtA hai to bhautika nazvara padArtha ke vinAza se AtmA ko koI hAni nahIM hotI hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA prANa meM vilIna rahatA hai, jaiseki eka acchA lekhaka jisakA hAtha kATa diyA jAe, parantu lekhana kI kSamatA pradarzana kA mAdhyama na hone para bhI usakI vaha vizeSatA vidyamAna rhe| isI bAta ko zAha sAhaba ne Age bhI duharAyA hai| likhate haiM ki laukika sthiti meM hrAsa utpanna hotA hai (hujjatullahilavAlegaha, 1/70) mRtyoparAnta AtmA kI sthiti islAmI vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki mRtyu kA prabhAva kevala zarIra para par3atA hai aura AtmA maraNoparAnta bhI jIvita rahatI haiN| hAM yadi manuSya kA vyavahAra acchA thA to AtmA sukha bhoga karatI hai aura yadi burA thA to daMDita hotI hai| kyoMki AtmA meM zarIra se pRthak hone para bhI sukha-duHkha anubhavaM kI kSamatA rahatI hai| (alu mausuatula phikahIyA, 39/249) __imAma gaz2AlI ne mRtyu ke pazcAt AtmA kI sthiti spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki AtmA naSTa nahIM hotI parantu usakI sthiti badala jAtI hai| kabra usake lie svarga kA eka bagIcA bana jAtI hai yA narka kA eka ttukdd'aa| (ala mausuatula phikahIyA, 39/250) . mRtyu ke pazcAt aura kayAmata se pahale AtmA kA nivAsa imAma ina kayyUma ne likhA hai ki Izvara ne tIna prakAra kA nivAsa banAyA hai| pahalA saMsAra kA ghara, dUsarA varaz2aqha kA ghara aura tIsarA evaM aMtima sthAI nivAsa kA ghr| pratyeka ghara se sambandhita niyama-nirdeza alaga-alaga haiN| usa (Izvara) ne manuSya ko zarIra aura AtmA se banAyA hai| saMsAra ke nirdeza zarIra se sambandhita kiye haiM tathA AtmA ko usakA anuyAyI banAyA hai| baraz2akha ke nirdeza AtmA se sambandhita kiye haiM aura zarIra ko usakA anuyAyI banAyA hai| ataH jisa prakAra sAMsArika nirdeza meM AtmA zarIra kI anuyAyI hai aura usakA .sukha-duHkha anubhava karatI hai usI prakAra baraz2aqha ke nirdezoM meM zarIra AtmA kI anuyAyI hai aura vahAM kA sukha-duHkha anubhava karatA hai| - "barajakha" usa jindagI ko kahate haiM jo mRtyu ke pazcAt tathA kayAmata ke dina se pahale manuSya ko prApta hotI hai| kuraAna aura hadIsa meM isakA spaSTa vivaraNa hai| (kitAvuruha, pR. 74) 'kabra kI sthiti manuSya bhautika evaM anubhava hone vAlI cIjoM kA pAbanda hai| jo kucha vaha jJAneMdriyoM se jJAta nahIM kara pAtA usakI puSTi bhI nahIM karatA hai| isIlie islAma ne ImAna bila gaiba (adRzya

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54 . mRtyu kI dastaka para vizvAsa) para bala diyA hai jisase ki manuSya Izvara AsthA meM buddhi evaM viveka ke bandhana se mukta ho jaae| mRtyu ke pazcAt kabra meM yA kayAmata se pahale jahAM kahIM bhI mRtaka ho, use jo kucha bhI sAmanA karanA par3atA ho use anubhava ke prakAza meM vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai phira bhI tatsambandhI bahuta sI bAtoM ko vidvAnoM ne samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki use svIkAra kie bagaira koI cArA nahIM hai| prAmANika hadIsoM meM mRtyu ke pazcAt kI avasthA kA jo varNana hai usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki manuSya jaba mara jAtA hai aura use dafana kara diyA jAtA hai taba kabra meM usake pAsa do pharizte Akara savAla karate haiN| yadi mRtaka unake savAloM kA ThIka uttara de detA hai taba use ArAma se rakha diyA jAtA hai aura yadi vaha ThIka uttara nahIM de pAtA taba use daMDita kiyA jAtA hai| donoM prakAra ke mRtaka apanI isI sthiti meM kayAmata taka rahate haiN| (ahayAula ulUma, 4/624) ___ ibna nabI dunIyAM ne eka apuSTa (z2aIpha rivAyata) hadIsa varNita kI hai jisase kabra meM mRtaka kI avasthA para prakAza par3atA hai| nabI sa. ne pharamAyA ki mRtaka jaba kabra meM rakhA jAtA hai to kabra usase kahatI hai ina Adama, aphasosa! mere bAre meM tuma kyoM dhokhe meM the, kyA tujhe mAlUma nahIM ki maiM kaSTadAyaka, ghora aMdhakArayukta, ekAnta evaM kIDe-makor3oM vAlA ghara hU~? mere nikaTa se tuma nikalate the phira bhI kaise dhokhe meM rahe? (ahayAula ulUma, 4/618) mRtyu kA Adeza Izvara kI ora se kuraAna ne isa vAstavikatA ko spaSTa kara diyA hai ki mRtyu kA Adeza Izvara ke dvArA hI hotA hai| isameM kisI anya kA koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| Izvara vANI hai - "allAha ke Adeza binA koI jIvadhArI mara nahIM sakatA, nizcit samaya likhA huA hai|" (3 alaimarAna 145) ___ isa prasaMga meM usa Ayata kI vyAkhyA bhI dRSTi meM rakhanA lAbhadAyaka hogA jisameM varNita hai ki paigambara haz2arata ibrAhIma a. ne apane sAtha tarka karane vAle eka vyakti se allAha kI yaha vizeSatA batAI ki vaha jilAtA hai aura mAratA hai| usa vyakti ne dAvA kiyA ki maiM bhI jilAtA aura mAratA huuN| ibrAhIma a. ne kahA ki allAha sUraja ko pUrva dizA se le AtA hai tU use pazcima dizA se le aa| (2 ala vakaraha, 258) jIvana evaM maraNa kA svAmI allAha isa viSaya ko kuraAna meM anekoM sthAnoM para varNita kiyA gayA hai ki mRtyu evaM jIvana mAtra Izvara ke hAtha meM hai| anya koI na to mAra sakatA hai aura na hI jIvita kara sakatA hai| Izvara vANI hai - (aura yaha vahI hai jo jilAtA aura mAratA hai tathA rAta aura dina ke parivartana kA svAmI bhI vahI hai| kyA tumako viveka nhiiN|) (23 ala momenUna, 80)

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - islAma kI dRSTi meM isI tathya ko eka prAmANika hadIsa meM bhI varNita kiyA gayA hai| usAmA vina jaida varNana karate haiM ki nabI sa. kI eka beTI ne Apa sa. ke pAsa yaha saMdeza bhejA ki usakA beTA mRtyu ke karIba hai| nabI sa. ne saMdezavAhaka se kahA ki vApasa jAkara merI beTI se batA do ki "jo liyA vaha allAha hI kA thA aura jo diyA vaha bhI allAha hI kA thaa| usa (allAha) ke yahAM pratyeka cIja kA eka samaya nizcit hai| tuma use dhairya dhAraNa karane evaM suphala prApti kI AzA rakhane kA nirdeza do|" (bukhArI muslima) hazra (nirNaya kA dina) Avazyaka hai islAma kI mUla AsthAoM meM eka AsthA yaha hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt jaba nyAya kA dina sthApita hogA taba sampUrNa mAnava evaM jinna ko punaH jIvita karake nyAya ke lie unheM ekatra kiyA jaaegaa| nirNaya ke pazcAt unheM svarga yA narka kA adhikArI banAyA jaaegaa| yahI varNana kucha isa prakAra hai - (kyA tuma yaha vizvAsa kiye ho ki hamane tumheM yUM hI nirarthaka utpanna kiyA hai, aura yaha ki tuma hamAre pAsa lauTAe hI na jaaoge|) allAha vAstavika zAsaka hai tathA bahuta mahAn hai, isake atirikta koI upAsya nahIM, vahI arza (allAha kA viziSTa Asana) kA svAmI hai| (23 ala momenUna, 115, 116) . marane ke pazcAt punaH jIvita kiye jAne meM jo loga vizvAsa nahIM rakhate, pavitra kuraAna ne unakA uttara diyA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI jIvana Avazyaka hai kyoMki usI jIvana meM manuSyoM ko unake kAryoM kA badalA diyA jaaegaa| kuraAna kahatI hai - aura unhoMne kahA, kyA jaba hama miTTI meM mila jAeMge to kyA punaH jIvita hoNge| balki (bAta yaha hai ki) vaha loga apane paravaradigAra (Izvara) se bheMTa hone kI AsthA ko nakArate haiN| kaha dIjie ki tumheM mRtyu kA phariztA mRtaka karegA jo isa kArya ke lie niyukta hai| punaH tuma saba apane pAlanahAra ke pAsa lauTAe jaaoge| (32 assajaha, 10,11) jIvana aura maraNa mAtra parIkSA ke lie sAMsArika jIvana asthAI hai| jaba manuSya mRtaka ho jAegA taba isa jIvana kA anta hogA, punaH eka sthAyI jIvana prApta hogA, jisameM manuSya daMDa yA acchA pratiphala bhoga kregaa| isa saMsAra meM jIvana evaM maraNa kA jo prabandha sthApita hai usakA uddezya isa prakAra varNita hai - jisane jIvana-maraNa isalie vyavasthita kiyA ki tumhArI parIkSA le ki tumameM se kauna puNya kArya karatA hai| (29 ala mulka, 2) .. mRtyu kahAM hogI? - kisI kI mRtyu kaise, kahAM aura kaba AegI? ise koI nahIM jAnatA hai| isa tathya ko kuraAna kI eka Ayata meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai - niHsaMdeha allAha hI ko kayAmata kI jAnakArI hai| vaha hI varSA karatA hai aura mA~ ke garbha meM jo kucha hai jAnatA hai| koI bhI nahIM

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56 mRtyu kI dastaka jAnatA ki vaha kala kyA karegA? na kisI ko yaha mAlUma hai ki kisa sthAna para mregaa| niHsaMdeha allAha hI sampUrNa jJAna vAlA aura jAnane vAlA hai| (21 lukama, 34) mauta sarvavyApI evaM sabake lie manuSya yaha dekhatA hai ki mRtyu pratyeka ke lie hai| vaha kahIM bhI rahe mRtyu se baca pAnA sambhava nhiiN| isa tathya ko kuraAna meM kaI prasaMgoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| alaimarAna meM varNana hai - pratyeka prANI ko mRtyu kA svAda cakhanA hai aura kayAmata (nirNaya) ke dina tumheM apane kriyA-kalApoM kA pUrA pratiphala diyA jaaegaa| (3 alaimarAna, 185) suraha nisA meM hai - tuma jahAM kahIM bhI raho mRtyu tumheM Akara pakar3egI, bhale hI tuma . ati surakSita kiloM meM rho| (4 nisA, 78) ___ isI prakAra anyatra varNita hai| kaha dIjie ki jisa mRtyu se bacane ke lie tuma bhAgate phirate ho, vaha tumheM pakar3akara rhegii| (28 ala jumaha, 8) sthAyitva nahIM kuraAna kI ghoSaNAnusAra pratyeka manuSya ke lie mRtyu Avazyaka hai| usake lie pada evaM sammAna kA koI mahattva nhiiN| manuSyoM meM sabase zreSTha IzadUta hote haiM parantu kuraAna kA spaSTIkaraNa hai ki mRtyu unake lie bhI hai| isa viSaya se sambandhita do AyatoM kA anuvAda * prastuta hai - Apase pahale hamane kisI bhI manuSya ko sthAI sAMsArika jIvana pradAna nahIM kiyaa| kyA yadi Apa mRtaka ho gaye, to vaha sadaiva jIvita, raheMge? pratyeka jIvadhArI ko mRtyu kA svAda cakhanA hai| hama tuma meM se pratyeka ko parIkSArtha pApa-puNya se gujArate haiM aura tuma saba hamArI hI tarapha lauTAe jaaoge| (23 ala momenUna, 115, 116) yahAM dUsarI Ayata meM eka tathya yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki sAMsArika jIvana meM duHkhasaMkaTa tathA sukha-sampadA ke dvArA manuSya kI parIkSA hotI hai| isase saMketa milatA hai ki mRtyu bhI eka parIkSA hai| IzadUta ke lie mRtyu kA spaSTIkaraNa sAdhAraNatayA yaha vicAra paidA hotA hai ki jo loga allAha kI dRSTi meM mahAn haiM aura jinako usane paigambarI (eka viziSTa pada), vilAyata yA bAdazAhata Adi mahAn pada evaM sammAna se vibhUSita kiyA hai, ho sakatA hai ki unake lie mRtyu-sambandhI koI chUTa ho| isa vicAra ke khaNDana hetu Izvara vANI hai - niHsaMdeha Apa ko bhI mRtyu AyegI aura yaha saba bhI nazvara haiN| (23 ala z2amara, 30)

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - islAma kI dRSTi meM kramAgata Ayata meM varNana hai ki - phira tuma saba kayAmata ke dina apane pAlanahAra ke sAmane jhgdd'oge| (23 ala z2amara, 31) asaMgata vicAra kA khaNDana kucha loga saMsAra meM aise bhI pAye jAte haiM ki jo mAtra sAMsArika jIvana ko hI saba kucha samajhate haiM aura mRtyu ko eka saMyoga hI samajhate haiN| - unhoMne kahA ki hamArA jIvana to mAtra sAMsArika jIvana hI hai| hama marate haiM aura jIvita hote haiN| hameM kevala kAla (samaya kA saMyoga) hI mAratA hai| vAstava meM unheM isakA kucha jJAna nahIM yaha to kevala aTakala se hI soca rahe haiN| (25 ala jAsIya, 24) mRtyu ke smaraNa kA lAbha mRtyu kI vAstakkitA para dRSTi rakhane vAlA use kabhI bhUla nahIM sakatA hai| pratyeka manuSya kA yaha pariNAma hai aura vaha usa satya ko sadaiva dekhatA rahatA hai| nAnA prakAra ke manuSya usake sAmane isa saMsAra se prasthAna karate rahate haiN| aisI sthiti meM mRtyu ko bhUlane kA koI prazna hI nhiiN| vidvAnoM ne mRtyu ke smaraNa se prApta lAbhoM meM se eka lAbha yaha batAyA hai ki isa prakAra manuSya navajIvana kI taiyArI karatA hai arthAt puNya kArya kI tarapha prerita hotA hai tathA sAMsArika kaSTa sarala mAlUma hone lagate haiN| haz2arata "kaaba" kahA karate the ki "jo manuSya mRtyu kI vAstavikatA bhalI-bhAMti samajha jAegA usake lie sAMsArika duHkha-saMkaTa sarala ho jaayeNge"| (ahayAula ulUma, 4/560) mRtyu jaba nikaTa ho mRtyu jaba nikaTa AtI hai taba manuSya ko "sakarAta" (eka vizeSa sthiti) meM ghora pIr3A kA anubhava hotA hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isase bar3hakara koI pIr3A nahIM hai| isase koI bhI vyakti ubara nahIM sakatA ki dUsaroM se apanA anubhava vyakta kare, phira bhI kucha mahAn vidvAnoM ke kathanoM dvArA mRtyu ke saMkaTa kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| 1. haz2arata AyazA kahatI haiM ki nabI sa. para mRtyu kA saMkaTa dekhane ke pazcAt kisI kI mRtyu meM AsAnI para mujhe lobha nahIM A sktaa| 2. imAma avajAI kahate haiM ki "kabra se uThane taka mRtaka ko mauta kI takalIpha kA AbhAsa zeSa rahatA hai| 3. zadAda bina avasa kahate haiM ki "momina ke lie mRtyu yaha loka aura paraloka meM sabase bhayAnaka kaSTa hai| yaha ArA se cIrane, kaiMcI se kATane aura hAMDI meM pakAne jaisI takalIpha se bhI adhika bhayAnaka hai"|

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58. mRtyu kI dastaka mRtyu-sambandhI vicAra jina mahApuruSoM ne mRtyu kI vAstavikatA ko samajhA aura tatsambandhI apane vicAra prakaTa kie usase bhI mRtyu kI sthiti kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai tathA vizvAsa hotA hai ki dhanavAna evaM nirdhana aura choTe-bar3e sabakA yahI pariNAma hai| 1. umavI khalIphA umara bina abdula ajI bar3e sajjana evaM nyAyapriya khalIphA the| jaba mRtyu kA samaya huA to rone lge| logoM ne pUchA amIrula mominIna! Apa kyoM ro rahe haiM? Apako to prasanna honA cAhie ki Apake mAdhyama se allAha ne paigambara kA Adarza punaH sthApita kiyA tathA janasAdhAraNa taka nyAya phuNcaayaa| yaha sunakara rote hue bole, "mujhase prajA ke sambandha meM prazna pUchA jaaegaa| yadi maiMne pUrNa nyAya sthApita kiyA hotA to bhI allAha ke samakSa uttara dene kI kSamatA na thI parantu jaba mujhase bhI anyAya huA hai taba kyA uttara dUMgA? yaha kahate hue unake AMsU tIvra ho gaye aura kucha hI kSaNoM meM niHSprANa ho gye|" (ahayAula ulUma, 4/97) 2. abbAsI kAla ke mahAn khalIphA hArUta razIda ne apanA kafana svayaM apane hAtha se cunakara, use dekhate hue isa Ayata kA pATha kiyA / m 'Gn~ `ny slyy, hlk `ny slTny@ arthAt merI daulata mere kAma na AyI aura merA tarka lupta ho gyaa| (ahayAula ulUma, 4/597) 3. mAmUna kI saltanata aura unakA dabadabA jagat prasiddha hai| mRtyu nikaTa AI to rAkha yA dhUla para leTakara kaha rahe the ki "ai vaha hastI! ki jisakI bAdazAhI kA patana nahIM, isa manuSya para kRpA kara ki jisakI bAdazAhI samApta ho cukI hai|" (ahayAula ulUma, 4/597) 4. ibna mubAraka eka bar3e vidvAn aura hadIsavettA the| vyApAra acchA hone ke kAraNa daulata bhI thii| jaba mRtyu kA samaya nikaTa AyA to apane sevaka se bole ki merA sira miTTI para rakha do| yaha sunakara sevaka rone lgaa| unhoMne pUchA kyoM rote ho? sevaka ne uttara diyA ki Apane sukha sampannatA meM jIvana vyatIta kiyA hai aura Aja phakIrI evaM paradeza meM mara rahe haiN| ina mubAraka ne sevaka se kahA ki cupa raho, maiMne prArthanA kI thI, ki "ai allAha mujhe daulatamandoM kI jindagI aura phakIroM kI mauta pradAna kr|" punaH apane sevaka se kahA ki mujhe UIYIJIY kI preraNA dete rho| (ahayAula ulUma, 4/895)

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - islAma kI dRSTi meM mRtyu aura kavi gambhIra samasyAoM ke lie kaviyoM ko bahuta upayukta nahIM samajhA jaataa| kavi kalpanAoM, saMketoM evaM upamAoM dvArA jo kucha varNana karatA hai use yathArtha meM badalanA kaThina hotA hai| parantu kavi anya logoM kI apekSA adhika saMvedanazIla evaM dUradRSTi vAlA hotA hai| kucha kaviyoM ko isa kSetra meM siddhi prApta hotI hai| unakI kavitA gUr3ha viSayoM ko bhI bar3e sarala bhAva meM vyakta karatI hai| lekha se sambandhita, allAmA ikabAla kI kavitAoM se kucha paMktiyAM prastuta karanA cAhatA hUM jisase mRtyu ke sambandha meM ThIka dRSTikoNa samajhA jA sakatA hai| allAmA ne bar3I buddhimattA se mRtyu kA varNana kiyA hai| Apane apanI mAtA kI mRtyu para eka zoka gIta likhA hai jisameM Apane mRtyu ke rahasya ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| sarvaprathama ikabAla ne isa bAta kI ora saMketa kiyA hai ki jIvana ke lie bahuta prayatna evaM jatana karanA par3atA hai parantu mRtyu saralatA se calI AtI hai aura apanA kArya karake cala detI hai| use isakI paravAha nahIM ki jisake jIvana kA anta karane vaha jA rahI hai usane jIvita rahane ke lie kyA kucha prabandha kara rakhA thA - kitanI muzkila jindagI hai, kisa kadara AsAna hai maut| gulazana-e-hastI meM, maninda-e-nasIma arajA~ hai mauta / / isake pazcAt yaha spaSTa kiyA ki mauta ke kAraNa kaI prakAra ke haiM tathA mauta kI pakar3a meM pratyeka manuSya hai| mauta ko amIra-garIba tathA zahara-dehAta se bhI koI matalaba nahIM - z2alaz2ale haiM, bijaliyAM haiM, kahate haiM, AlAma haiN| .. kaisI kaisI duHkhatarAna-e-mAdara-e-ayyAma haiN|| kulaba-e-ikalAsa meM, daulata ke kAzAne meM maut| dazta-va-dara meM, zahara meM, gulazana meM, virAne meM maut|| mauta hai haMgAmA ArA, kulajuma-e-khAmoza meN| DUba jAte haiM saphIne, mauta kI Agoza meM / / isake pazcAt usa tathya kA varNana karate haiM jo jIvana-maraNa viSaya para sabase mahattvapUrNa evaM dhyAna dene yogya hai| arthAt mauta vAstava meM eka sthAI evaM jIvana kA mAdhyama hai| ataH ise isI dRSTi se dekhane kI AvazyakatA hai| isa bhAva ko ikabAla ne bar3e suMdara DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai - . jindagI kI Aga kA aMjAma khAkastara nhiiN| TUTanA jisakA mukaddara ho yaha vaha gauhara nhiiN||

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60 . mRtyu kI dastaka jindagI mahabUba aisI dIda-e-kudarata meM hai,| jauqa-e-hiphz2a-e-jindagI hara cIz2a kI phitarata meM hai|| mauta ke hAthoM se miTa sakatA hai agara nkshaa-e-hyaat| Ama yUM isako na kara denA nejaam-e-kaaenaat|| hai agara arajAM to yaha samajhoM ajala kucha bhI nhiiN| jisa taraha sone se jIne meM khalala kucha bhI nhiiN|| mauta tajadIda-e-majAka-e-jindagI kA nAma hai| qhvAba ke parade meM bedArI kA eka paigAma hai|| jo hara insAM adama se AzanA hotA nhiiN| AMkha se gAyaba to hotA hai phanA hotA nhiiN|| yaha agara AIna-e-hastI hai ki ho hara zAma subh| marakada-e-inasAM kI zava kA kyoM na ho anjAma subaha / / mukhatalipha hara maMjila-e-hastI kI rasma va rAha hai| Akhirata bhI jindagI kI eka jaulAM gAha hai|| uparokta paMktiyoM meM kavi ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt jIvana tathA manuSya pUrNarUpeNa samApta nahIM ho jAtA, usakA astitva zeSa rahatA hai, hAM usake sammukha eka nayA jIvana evaM nayA saMsAra hotA hai| hama jaba sote haiM to hamArI vyastatA samApta ho jAtI hai punaH jaba hama jAgate haiM to sthiti pUrvavat hotI hai| isI prakAra mRtyu ke pazcAt navajIvana meM pUrva jIvana ke pratiphala kA krama Arambha hotA hai| lekha ke samApana para hama apanA vizvAsa prakaTa karanA cAhate haiM ki mRtyu kI vAstavikatA para yadi manuSya ucita dhyAna de aura usake pazcAt Ane vAle jIvana ke kalyANa kA mArga DhUMDhe to vartamAna yuga kI bahuta sI bhayAnaka samasyAeM samApta ho jAeMgI tathA eka zAntimaya evaM maMgalamaya vAtAvaraNa svayaM bana jAegA kyoMki manuSya mRtyu ko bhUla jAtA hai taba hI kukarma karatA hai| yadi use mRtyu kI vAstavikatA para dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAe aura yaha bhI vizvAsa kare ki usake pratyeka kArya kA pratiphala use milegA to nizcaya hI kukarma ke lie vaha nahIM bar3hegA apitu sukarma kregaa| hai|

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khaNDa 2 mRtyu zAstroM meM

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mRtyu ke nAnA prakAra - vrajavallabha dvivedI nityASoDazikArNava nAmaka tripurA-tantra kI do TIkAoM ke sAtha hue vArANasI-saMskaraNa meM - "na bAdhyate rogaiH kAlamRtyuyamAdibhiH" (5.33) yaha vacana upalabdha hai| bhAskararAya kI TIkA meM yaha 34vA~ zloka hai| yahI grantha kazmIra meM vAmakezvarImata ke nAma se prakAzita hai| isa para abhinavagupta ke grantha tantrAloka ke TIkAkAra jayaratha ne vivaraNa nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| yahA~ "yamAdibhiH" ke sthAna para "bhayAdibhiH" pATha bhI milatA hai| artharatnAvalIkAra vidyAnanda ne aura vivaraNakAra ne bhI ina zabdoM kI koI vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai| RjuvimarzinITIkA ke lekhaka zivAnanda muni ne "Adi" pada se vyAdhi kA grahaNa kara kAla, mRtyu, yama aura vyAdhi zabdoM ke artha ko batAne vAle do zloka uddhRta kiye haiM - kAlo mRtyuryamo vyAdhistattvatastveka eva tu| vRttyantaravizeSeNa paryAyeNAbhidhIyate / / sarvAvacchedakaH kAlo mRtyurmArayitA ca saH / yamanAd yama evAyaM vyAdhizcintAprado hi saH / / yahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki kAla, mRtyu, yama aura vyAdhi - ye saba vAstava meM eka hI tattva ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM; kintu pravRtti ke bheda ke anusAra inako ye alaga-alaga nAma de diye gaye haiN| ise kAla isalie kahate haiM ki yaha sabako apane meM sameTa letA hai| ise mRtyu isalie kahA jAtA hai ki yaha sabako mAra DAlatA hai| ise yama isalie kahate haiM ki yaha saba para niyantraNa rakhatA hai aura ise vyAdhi isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vyAdhi se grasta vyakti ko yaha cintA satAne lagatI hai ki kahIM merI mRtyu na ho jaae| Adi pada se vyAdhi ke grahaNa kA yahI AdhAra hai| ..bhAskararAya isa prakaraNa kI vyAkhyA bhinna paddhati se karate haiN| ve Adi pada se vyAdhi ke sthAna para parakRtyA kA grahaNa karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki roga aura vyAdhi meM

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. mRtyu kI dastaka koI antara nahIM hai| unake kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki roga zabda mUla vacana meM vidyamAna hai| aba usake paryAyavAcI zabda vyAdhi kA Adi pada se grahaNa karane kA koI tuka nahIM hai| unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki kAla, mRtyu aura yama - ye saba alaga-alaga devatAoM ke nAma haiM, ataH inakI bhinnatA hI mAnya hogii| bhAskararAya ne isI paddhati se pA~ca paTala vAle isa grantha ko ATha paTala kA mAnakara hAdividyA ke AdhAra para grantha kI vyAkhyA karane vAle prAcIna TIkAkAroM ke mata kA khaNDana kara hAdividyA meM apane vizeSa abhiniveza ke kAraNa tadanusAra kI hai| eka sthAna para to unhoMne mUla pATha ko hI badala diyA hai| yahI sthiti prastuta sthala kI bhI hai| '' svAmI karapAtrI jI mahArAja ne apane vedArthapArijAta nAmaka vedabhASya kI ativistRta bhUmikA meM bhaTTa kumArila ke isa zloka ko uddhRta kiyA hai - tasmAnnAtIva kartavyaM doSadRSTiparaM manaH / doSo hyavidyamAno'pi taccittAnAM prakAzate / / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vyakti ko apane mana kI sarvatra doSa-hI-doSa dekhane kI dRSTi ko bahuta bar3hA nahIM lenA cAhie, kyoMki aisA karane para aise logoM ko doSa ke na rahane para bhI vaha dikhAI dene lagatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM sarvatra doSa-hI-doSa dekhane kI Ajakala ke pragatizIla buddhijIviyoM kI dRSTi kI bhI vyAkhyA isase ho jAtI hai| kaThopaniSad meM yama aura naciketA kA saMvAda hai| naciketA ko usake pitA - "mRtyavetvA dadAmIti" (1.4) kahakara mRtyu ko samarpita kara dete haiN| prastuta upaniSad meM mRtyu ko hI vaivasvata (1.1.7) aura antaka (1.1.26) bhI kahA gayA hai| ye donoM yama ke hI nAma haiN| manu (manusmRti 8.92), ke isa vacana meM - . yamo vaivasvato devo yastavaiSa hRdi sthitH| . tena cedavivAdaste mA gaGgAM mA kurun gamaH / / yama ko hI vaivasvata deva, arthAt vivasvAn = sUrya devatA kA putra batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki tumhAre hRdaya meM vidyamAna vaivasvata deva, arthAt dharmarAja ke sAtha yadi tumhArA koI vivAda nahIM hai, antarAtmA kI AvAja sunakara tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane kA tumhArA svabhAva bana gayA hai, to phira tumhe gaMgA-snAna karane athavA kurukSetra jaise tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hRdaya kI zuddhi ke lie karmoM kA anuSThAna mumukSujana karate haiN| yadi yaha hRdaya parizuddha ho gayA hai, taba isa taraha ke zubha karmoM ke anuSThAna kI koI apekSA nahIM kI jaatii| ___ Ajakala kA manovijJAna bhI bahirmana aura antarmana kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| manusmRti ke prastuta zloka meM bhI inakI inhI sthitiyoM kI ora iMgita kiyA gayA hai| spaSTa

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mRtyu ke nAnA prakAra hai ki kaThopaniSada ke ukta vacanoM meM mRtyu ko yama kA paryAyavAcI zabda mAnA gayA hai| yogazAstra kI kAlavaMcana kI prakriyA meM kAla zabda mRtyu kA hI sUcaka hai| spaSTa hai ki kAla, mRtyu aura yama zabda paryAyavAcI haiM aura RjuvimarzinIkAra ke dvArA uddhRta vacana bhI unake mata kI puSTi karatA hai, bhAskararAya ke mata kI nhiiN| __ prastuta upaniSad meM yamarAja naciketA ko tIna vara mA~gane ko kahate haiM aura naciketA tIsare vara ke rUpa meM mRtyu ke rahasya ko jAnane kI jijJAsA karate haiM - "yeyaM prete vicikitsA manuSye'stItyeke nAyamastIti caike" (1.1.20) / arthAt vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAne ke uparAnta yaha vicikitsA (jAnane kI icchA) hotI hai ki usakI kyA sthiti banatI hai? kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda bhI usakA astitva rahatA hai, jabaki anya AcAryoM ke mata se bAda meM usakI koI sthiti nahIM raha jaatii| sahI bAta kyA hai? yahI naciketA yamarAja se jAnanA cAhate haiN| prastuta goSThI meM hama saba bhI to isI viSaya para vicAra karane ke lie ikaTThA hue haiN| isake uttara meM yama naciketA ko aneka prakAra ke pralobhana dete haiM aura kahate haiM - "naciketA maraNaM mAnuprAkSIH (1.1.25) / he naciketA! tuma mRtyu ke rahasya ko jAnane kI jida ko chor3a do| naciketA - "na vittena tarpaNIyo manuSyaH" (1.1.27) kahate hue yama ke dhana-dhAnya, aizvaryaviSayaka prastAva ko usI prakAra se asvIkAra kara dete haiM, jaise RSi yAjJavalkya ke prastAva ko - "yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM kimahaM tena kuryAm" (bRhadAraNyaka 2.4.3) yaha kahatI huI unakI patnI maitreyI asvIkAra kara detI hai| naciketA yama ko kahate haiM ki manuSya dhana-aizvarya se kabhI tRpta nahIM ho sakatA aura maitreyI bhI RSi yAjJavalkya kI dhana-saMpatti ko lene se manA kara detI hai, use to amRtatva kI jijJAsA hai| mRtyu ke rahasya ko jAnane kI naciketA kI utkaTa abhilASA ko dekhakara yamarAja isa pUrI upaniSad meM isake rahasya ko samajhAte haiN| zreya aura preya, vidyA aura avidyA ke svarUpa ko batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki dhanya-dhAnya, aizvarya ke moha meM par3akara vyakti bhaviSya meM Ane vAlI vipadAoM se bekhabara rahatA hai, vaha paraloka kI bhI cintA nahIM krtaa| isa taraha kI vipadAoM se mAnava kA uddhAra karane vAlI zAstroM ke prati bhI usakI ruci jaga nahIM paatii| ina saba doSoM se Upara uTha jAne ke kAraNa naciketA kI prazaMsA karate hue yamarAja kahate haiM - "ayaM loko nAsti para iti mAnI punaH punarvazamApadyate me" (1.2.6) / arthAt isa loka ke atirikta dUsarA koI loka nahIM hai, isa taraha ke abhimAna ko pAlane vAlA vyakti bArabAra mere (yamarAja ke) vaza meM par3a jAtA hai| yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se batAyA gayA hai ki jo vyakti paraloka ko nahIM mAnatA, use bAra-bAra yamarAja ke vaza meM rahanA par3atA hai, arthAta vaha janma.. mRtyu ke nirantara gatizIla cakra meM cakkara kATatA rahatA hai| Age isa pUre upaniSad meM mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane kI paddhati varNita hai|

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66 . mRtyu kI dastaka pUrA upaniSad-sAhitya manuSya kI mRtyu para kI gaI vijayayAtrA kA dastAveja hai, saMsAra ko AdhyAtmikatA kI ora unmukha karane vAlA yaha utkRSTatama sAhitya hai| yahA~ svarga kA sthAna mokSa ko diyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana kA kahanA hai ki Anuzravika (vedavihita) upAya prANI ko trividha duHkha se mukti nahIM dilA skte| svayaM zruti kA bhI kahanA hai ki vaidika karmakANDa saMsAra-sAgara kI yAtrA meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA - "plavA hyete adRr3hA yajJarUpAH" (muNDakopaniSad, 1.2.7) / eka anya zruti kA bhI kahanA hai ki karmoM ke dvArA prApta hone vAle vividha lokoM kI parIkSA karane ke uparAnta brAhmaNa hatAza ho gayA ki kRtaka (karmakANDa) se akRtaka (mokSa) kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI - "parIkSya lokAn karmacitAn brAhmaNo nirvedamAyAt, nAstyakRtaH kRtena" (muNDako. 1.2.12) / bhagavadgItA (2.46) ke isa vacana ko bhI Apa dekhie - yAvAnartha udapAne sarvataH sNplutodke| tAvAn sarveSu vedeSu brAhmaNasya vijAnataH / / mukta puruSa ko isa saMsAra meM punaH lauTakara nahIM AnA par3atA - "na sa punarAvartate / mokSaviSayaka yaha siddhAnta sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ko mAnya hai| isake viparIta svAmI dayAnanda mokSa se bhI punarAvRtti kI bAta karate haiM aura isameM Rgveda ko pramANa ke rupa meM prastuta karate haiN| itanA hameM samajha lenA cAhie ki prAyaH samasta saMhitA-grantha karmakANDa kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura vahA~ kA amRta pada svarga kA vAcaka hai, mokSa kA nhiiN| samasta upaniSadoM meM, samasta bhAratIya darzanoM evaM dharmazAstra ke granthoM meM bhI dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka cAra puruSArthoM kI vizada vyAkhyA milatI hai| trivarga, arthAt dharma, artha aura kAma kA bhI viniyoga mokSa kI prApti meM kiyA gayA hai aura yahA~ taka pahu~ca jAne ke bAda vyakti ko vApasa saMsAra meM lauTanA nahIM par3atA, vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| mukta jIva kisa zAzvata sthiti meM rahatA hai, isa viSaya para pratyeka darzana kI apanI-apanI mAnyatA hai, kintu mRtyu ke pAza se vaha sadAsadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai, isa viSaya meM sabhI darzana ekamata haiN| bhAratIya zAstroM meM aura sAdhAraNa janatA meM bhI yamarAja ke sAtha usake dUtoM ke rUpa meM do zvAnoM kI carcA milatI hai| vijJAnabhairava ke - "vrajet prANo vizeSAjjIvaH" (zloka 151) / isa zloka kI vistRta vyAkhyA (pR. 166-172) meM hamane sakAra-hakAra, prANa-apAna, dinarAta aura candra-sUrya ke rUpa meM inakA zAstrIya svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| sakAra aura hakAra ke uccAraNa se utpanna japa ko sahaja, arthAt akRtrima (svAbhAvika) batAyA gayA hai| ajapA japa ke nAma se bhI yaha prasiddha hai| isI ko haMsagAyatrI bhI kahA gayA hai| mAnava kI svAbhAvika zvAsa-prazvAsa prakriyA kA hI isase bodha hotA hai| prANa aura apAna (zvAsa aura prazvAsa) ke rUpa meM varNita yaha tattva bauddha granthoM meM AnApAnasmRti ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita hai| dina-rAta meM mAnava 21600 (ikkIsa hajAra cha: sau) bAra isakI AvRtti karatA hai| vijJAnabhairava

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mRtyu ke nAnA prakAra 67 ke prastuta zrloka meM apAna ko jIva ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| zvAsa-prazvAsa kI prakriyA meM prANa sakAra ke rUpa meM bAhara nikalatA hai aura apAna (jIva) hakAra ke rUpa meM bhItara praviSTa hotA hai| yaha prakriyA nirantara calatI rahatI hai, kintu jIva (apAna) yadi mAnavazarIra meM punaH praviSTa nahIM hotA, to usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra yamarAja ke do zvAnoM kI vyAkhyA yahA~ prANa aura apAna arthAt zvAsa-prazvAsa kI prakriyA ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai - "prANApAnau samau kRtvA" (5.27) / gItA ke isa vacana meM inhIM kI carcA hai| ukta prakriyA dina-rAta aura candra-sUrya ke rUpa meM bhI vyAkhyAyita hai| yahA~ yamarAja ke do zvAnoM kA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai - "zvAnau dvau zyAvazabalau vaivasvatakulodbhavau" (pR. 171) / arthAt vaivasvata (yamarAja) ke kula meM utpanna do zvAna zyAva aura zabala (citakabarA) varNa vAle haiN| ina zvAnoM kI tulanA rAta aura dina se kI gaI hai| rAtri kA varNa zyAva (kAlA) hai aura dina kA shbl| dina kA varNa prAtaHkAla, madhyAhna meM zukla aura sAyaMkAla kAlimA se ghirane lagatA hai, ataH isako citakabare raMga kA mAnA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki yama ke zvAnoM ko yahA~ rAta aura dina ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| rAta aura dina ke mAdhyama se kAla satat jAgarUka rahatA hai aura eka dina vyAdhigrasta yaha jIva kAla kA grAsa bana jAtA hai, mRtyu kI bheMTa car3ha jAtA hai| spaSTa hai ki kAla, mRtyu, yama aura vyAdhi - ye saba eka hI tattva ke vividha nAma-rUpa haiN| aba kAlidAsa ke isa vacana ko Apa dekhie - maraNaM prakRtiH zarIriNAM vikRtirjIvanamucyate budhaiH / kSaNamapyavatiSThate zvasan yadi janturnanu laabhvaansau|| - raghuvaMza, 8.87 kAlidAsa ne yahA~ maraNa (mRtyu) ko prakRti mAnA hai, arthAt eka-na-eka dina usakA AnA nizcita (dhruva) hai| jIvana ke viSaya meM aisA kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ataH manuSya ko cAhie ki jIvana ke ina kSaNoM kA sahI upayoga kara liyA jAe, arthAt maraNa para vijaya prApta karane kA upAya kara liyA jaae| * yogI jana isake lie adhika sAvadhAna rahate haiN| kAlavaMcana zabda kI carcA abhI yahA~ huI hai| yoga evaM Agama tantrazAstra ke granthoM meM aura purANoM meM bhI kAlavaMcana ke viSaya meM kucha-na-kucha kahA gayA hai| mRtyukAla ke samIpa Ane para usa vyakti ke sAmane prakaTa hone vAle lakSaNoM kI carcA kara aise sthaloM para batAyA jAtA hai ki yadi kisI kArya kI siddhi meM lagA yogI apane vartamAna zarIra ko abhI chor3anA nahIM cAhatA, to vaha isake lie kyA upAya kre| ye upAya hI kAlavaMcana ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| zAstroM meM batAe mRtyu ke lakSaNoM ke mAdhyama se yogI ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usakI mRtyu kaba Ane vAlI hai| taba vaha kAryasiddhi-paryanta mRtyu se apane ko bacAe rakhatA hai|

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68 . . mRtyu kI dastaka janma aura mRtyu kA yaha cakra sadA-sarvadA ke lie kabhI nahIM ruktaa| AgamazAstra ke. anusAra paramezvara paMcakRtyakArI hai| vaha sRSTi, sthiti, saMhAra, nigraha aura anugraha nAmaka pA~ca kAryoM ko nirantara karatA rahatA hai| kisI eka jIva ke mukta ho jAne para usake prati Izvara kI paMcakRtyakAritA samApta ho jAtI hai, kintu anya samasta prANiyoM ke prati yaha nirantara calatI rahatI hai| janma aura mRtyu kA samAveza bhI inhIM meM kiyA gayA hai, kintu semeTika dharmo kI mAnyatA hai ki eka dina yaha saba sadA-sarvadA ke lie apane Apa samApta ho jaayegaa|

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upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA .. meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prabhunAtha dvivedI yasyAcintyaprabhAveNa sarvabhUtamayaM jgt| janmamRtyuvazaM yAti mahAkAlAya te namaH / / 1 / / na kaizcitkAmyate mRtyurmRtyornAma bhyaavhm| tathApi yAnti bhUtAni mRtyormukhe samantataH / / 2 / / yaH kazcijjAyate loke paralokaM prayAti sH| mRtyurAste dvayormadhye seturUpaH sanAtanaH / / 3 / / dhruvaM satyaM parijJAya mahAyAtrAsthalaM mahat / parityajya bhayaM zokaM mRtyuM tarati vai naraH / / 4 / / kAlakInAzasambaddho viSayo yaH pUraskRtaH / zAstradRSTyA yathAnyAyaM tadviveko vidhiiyte|| 5 / / kauna aisA prANI hai jisameM jIvana ke prati Agraha aura mRtyu se udvega nahIM hotA? sabhI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM, koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| isase bar3hakara Azcarya kyA hogA ki pratidina pratikSaNa na jAne kitane manuSya yamamandira jA rahe haiM kintu jo zeSa haiM, unameM jIvana kI utkaTa abhilASA, jijIviSA banI rahatI hai| paMcadazIkAra ne jIvana ke prati isa Asakti ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai - iyamAtmA parAnandaH parapremAspadaM yataH / . vA na bhUvaM bhUyAsamiti premaatmniikssyte|| . . ahanyahani bhUtAni gacchanti yamamandiram / zeSAH jIvitumicchanti kuta AzcaryamitaH param / / - mahAbhArata 2. paMcadazI, prathama. prakaraNa (tattvaviveka prakaraNa), 81

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70 . mRtyu kI dastaka "jIvema zaradaH zatam" ityAdi ke dvArA zrutiyA~ bhI isI artha kA pratipAdana karatI haiN| mRtyu se udvega kI chAyA "mRtyormAamRtaM gamaya" isa kAmanA-vAkya meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| isa saMsAra ke nAnA kleza sahatA huA bhI manuSya maranA nahIM caahtaa| yadi isa loka meM sabase bar3A koI bhaya hai to vaha hai "maraNabhaya' / isa maraNabhaya se RNa ke lie manuSya apanI priya se bhI adhika priya bhautika vastu kA parityAga karane ke lie taiyAra rahatA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaha apanI patnI, santAnAdi kA tyAga kara sakatA hai, apanA aMga-bhaMga karA sakatA hai| niSkarSataH yaha kahanA asaMgata na hogA ki kevala manuSya hI nahIM prANimAtra kI yaha icchA aura sarvatobhAvena ceSTA hotI hai ki vaha kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM banA rahe, mRtyu ko prApta na ho| ___ "atha mRtyuH kasmAt?" arthAt mRtyu kaise? isakA svarUpa kyA hai? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai| nizcaya hI isa viSaya meM atIta kAla se hI atyanta gahana vicAra huA hai aura nAnA dRSTiyoM se isakA vizleSaNa bhI huA hai| sAmAnya vyavahAra meM jahA~ hama jIvana ke lie "prANadhAraNa" zabda kA prayoga karate haiM vahIM mRtyu ke lie ThIka isake viparIta "prANatyAga" kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isakA spaSTa Azaya hai ki jaba taka nAsikA dvArA vAyu kA saMcAra hotA hai taba taka "jIvana" hai aura jaba yaha kriyA samApta ho jAtI hai arthAt nAsikA se prANavAyu kA gamanAgamana sahajatayA samApta ho jAtA hai taba usa avasthA ko "mRtyu" kahA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para prANa kI zreSThatA batAyI gayI hai| isa sambandha meM chAndogyopaniSad kA yaha AkhyAna draSTavya hai - eka bAra sabhI indriyoM ke sAtha prANa prajApati ke pAsa gayA aura usane nivedana kiyA - "bhagavan hama logoM meM kauna sabase bar3A hai?" bhagavAn prajApati ne spaSTa uttara diyA - "jisake nikala jAne para zarIra atyanta heya samajhA jAe, vahI sabase bar3A hai| te ha prANAH prajApatiM pitarametyocuH, bhagavan ko naH zreSThaH iti| tAn hovAca yasmin va utkrAnte zarIraM pApiSThataramiva dRzyeta sa vaH zreSThaH / / prajApati ke isa uttara ko zraddheya na mAnakara sabase pahale vAgindriya ne zarIra kA parityAga kiyaa| kintu isase vaktRtvazakti ke atirikta anya kucha hAni na huii| zeSa indriyoM ne yathAvat vyApAra kiyaa| isI prakAra kramazaH eka-eka karake sabhI indriyoM ne zarIra kA parityAga karake yaha pratyakSa dekhanA cAhA ki dekheM hamAre zarIra meM na rahane se isa zarIra kI hAni hotI hai athavA nahIM? arthAt vaha jIvita rahatA hai athavA nhiiN| parantu indriyoM dvArA zarIra kA parityAga kara dene para bhI usameM prANavAyu ke avasthita rahate hue vaha jIvita rahA, mRta nahIM huaa| indriyoM kI isa 3. chAndogyopaniSad, 5.1.71

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upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA azraddhA para prajApati kI preraNA se prANa (paMcaka) ne zarIra tyAga kA upakrama kiyaa| usake dvArA aisA prArambha karate hI samasta indriyA~ vyAkula ho utthiiN| una sabane milakara prANa se prArthanA kI - "bhagavan edhi, tvaM naH zreSTho'si, motkrmiiriti|" arthAt he bhagavan Apa samRddha ho, Apa hamase zreSTha haiN| kRpayA zarIra chor3akara na jaaie| vastutaH janma-mRtyu kI ghaTanA sabako pratyakSa hotI hai, yaha eka anubhUta viSaya hai tathApi yaha kahanA prAyaH ucita hI hai ki isakA vAstavika rahasya sabako jJAta nahIM hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise sUrya-candrAdi ko atisAmAnya manuSya bhI dekhatA hai kintu unake rahasya ko nahIM jaantaa| pUrvajanma-punarjanma, loka-paraloka, aura parama paryavasAna rUpa mokSa, ina sabhI kI avadhAraNA ke mUla meM mRtyu hI hai kintu ye saba pratyakSa pramANa ke dvArA avijJAta haiN| ataH ye viSaya anAdikAla se vivAdagrasta rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bAlaka naciketA ne yamarAja se yahI prazna pUchA thA - yeyaM prete vicikitsA manuSye'stItyeke nAyamastIti caike| etadvidyAmanuziSTastvayA'haM varANAmeSa varastRtIyaH / / arthAt mare hue manuSya ke viSaya meM yaha jo saMzaya hai ki koI to yaha kahate haiM ki marane ke bAda bhI yaha rahatA hai aura koI kahate haiM ki yaha nahIM rhtaa| ataH Apake dvArA upadiSTa hokara maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA huuN| yahI maiM apanA tIsarA vara mA~gatA huuN| yamarAja ne naciketA se isa viSaya kI parama gUr3hatA batAkara usase vara ke rUpa meM kucha anya pUchane ko khaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki janma-mRtyu kA rahasya vastutaH atigUr3ha hai| brAhmaNa-granthoM aura upaniSad granthoM meM "mRtyu" ko nAnA rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai - . 1. agnirvai mRtyuH - agni mRtyu hai| - maitrAyaNI zAkhA 2. prAppo vai mRtyuH - prANamRtyu hai| - kaNvazAkhA zatapatha brAhmaNa / 3. avAG prANo vai mRtyuH - avAG prANa mRtyu hai| - mAdhyandina zAkhA zatapatha brAhmaNa 4. saMvatsaro mRtyuH / eSa hIdamahotrAbhyAmAyuH kSiNoti / atha mriyante - saMvatsara mRtyu hai| yahI dina aura rAtri dvArA Ayu kA kSaya karatA hai| ataH (loga) marate haiN| - mAdhyandina zAkhA zatapatha brAhmaNa 4. kaThopaniSadaH 1; 1; 201 5. vahI, 1,1,21, devairatrApi vicikitsitaM purA na hi suvijJeyamaNureSa dharmaH / 6. kalyANa-vizeSAMka, varSa 43, aMka, pR. 14-151

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mRtyu kI dastaka 5. azanAyA vai mRtyuH - bubhukSA mRtyu hai| - jaiminIya brAhmaNa 6. prajApatirvai mRtyuH - prajApati hI mRtyu hai| vhii| (prajApati) 7. zramo vai mRtyuH / Adityo mRtyuH - zrama mRtyu hai| Aditya bhI mRtyu hai| - zatapatha brAhmaNa 8. ahorAtre mRtyuH - dina aura rAtri mRtyu hai - jaiminIya brAhmaNa 9. agnivAyusUryacandramasA mRtyavaH - agni vAyu, sUrya aura candramA; ye mRtyu haiN| - jaiminIya brAhmaNa yahA~ jise-jise "mRtyu' kahA gayA hai, vahI-vahI mRtyu ke hetu haiN| kAraNa aura kArya meM abheda mAnakara unakI mRtyu rUpatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| manuSya ke zarIra meM agni rahatI hai| vaizvAnara agni hI AhAra-pAcana karatA hai| aura usI ke kAraNa zarIra meM oja aura uSNatA rahatI hai| yaha anubhava kA viSaya hai ki usa agni ke zAnta ho jAne para mRtaka kA zarIra ThaNDA ho jAtA hai ataH agni ko mRtyu kahA gayA hai| dUsarA pakSa yaha bhI hai ki zarIra meM agni kA atizayAdhikya (zarIra ke tApa kA atyadhika bar3hanA) bhI mRtyu kA kAraNa hotA hai| prANa kI mRtyurUpatA kA saMketa pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| zrama bhI agni rUpa hai| zrama se zakti kA kSaya aura zarIra ke tApa kI vRddhi hotI hai| ataH nirantara zrama athavA asahya zrama bhI mRtyu kA kAraNa banatA hai| azanA = bhUkha ko mRtyu kahA gayA hai| hama sabhI jAnate haiM ki loka meM bhukhamarI Ama bAta hai| isa saMsAra meM prativarSa lAkhoM jIva kupoSaNa athavA bhUkha se marate haiN| isI prakAra sUrya, candramA, ahorAtra aura saMvatsara ko bhI mRtyu kahA gayA hai| ye yA to kAlarUpa haiM athavA kAla ke kaarkruup| kAla = samaya kI gaNanA hama kisI bhI vyakti yA vastu kI jIvitAvardhana arthAt Ayu ke lie karate haiN| pratyeka vastu yA vyakti kI eka nizcita Ayu hotI hai| Aja to sajIva hI nahIM, nirjIva (yathA bhavana, setu, yantrAdi) padArthoM kI bhI Ayu mAnI jAtI hai| koI bhI kAla kI dRSTi se nahIM bctaa| sRSTi ke isa niyama ko mRtyu ke sandarbha meM dekhA jAe to naciketA kA vacana smaraNa AtA hai - sasyamiva martyaH pacyate sasyamivAjAyate punaH / / 8 arthAt maraNadharmA manuSya phasala (anna yA anAja) kI taraha pakatA (pakakara jhar3atA) hai aura anAja kI hI taraha punaH paidA hotA hai| 7. ahaM vaizvAnaro bhUtA prANinAM dehmaashritH| prANApAnasamAyuktaH pacAmyannaM caturvidham / / - zrImadbhagavadgItA, 15,14 / bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kahate haiM - "maiM hI vaizvAnara nAmaka agni hokara, prANiyoM ke zarIra meM sthita hokara, prANa aura apAna se acchI taraha milakara cAra prakAra ke annoM (AhAra) khAdya, peya, lehya aura coSya ko pacAtA huuN|" 8. kaThopaniSad 1,1,61

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upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA 73 kAla kA kArya hI prANiyoM ko pakAnA (arthAt mRtyu ko prApta karAnA) hai| yahA~ eka bAta vicAraNIya hai ki svAbhAvika avasthA prApta mRtyu ke atirikta prANiyoM kI akAraNa mRtyu bhI hotI hai usakA spaSTIkaraNa to uparyukta AdhAra para athavA zrImadbhagavadgItA ke vacana "vAsAMsi jIrNAni " ke AdhAra para nahIM diyA jA sktaa| saMsAravRkSakAnnityaM kAlo dhUnayate mhaan| saha pakvaiH phalaistatra niptntiitraannypi|| jaise kisI phaladAra vRkSa ko koI bala lagAkara hilAye to pake hue phaloM ke sAtha kucha kacce phala bhI gira par3ate haiN| vaise hI yaha mahAn kAla (samaya) nitya hI isa saMsAra rUpI vRkSa ko jhakajhoratA hai, to pake hue (pUrNAyu) phaloM (prANiyoM) ke sAtha kucha anya kacce (apUrNAyu) phala (prANI) bhI Tapaka par3ate haiN| IzopaniSad meM avidyA ke dvArA mRtyu ko pAra karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai - avidyayA mRtyuM tIA vidyayAmRtamaznute / arthAt karmoM ke yathArtha anuSThAna se mRtyu ko pAra karake jJAna ke yathArtha anuSThAna se amRta arthAt mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| ukta kathana se pratIta hotA hai ki mRtyu ke isa pAra saMsAra (vinAzitA) aura usa pAra mokSa (avinAzitA) hai| mRtyu madhyastha hai| jaise nadI ke pAra kisI sthAna para jAne ke lie nAva, Adi sAdhana se usa nadI ko pAra karanA anivArya hai, binA nadI ko lA~ghe, pAra ke sthAna ko nahIM pahu~ca skte| vaise hI avidyA rUpa sAdhanA se mRtyu ko lA~dhakara vidyA rUpa sAdhana se mokSa taka pahu~cate ___ mRtyuviSayaka jJAna prApta karane ke lie kaThopaniSad kA viziSTa mahattva hai| isakA prArambha bhI mRtyu ke ullekha se hotA hai| bAlaka naciketA ke pitA ne use "mRtyu" ko de diyaa|" yahA~ mRtyu kA artha "yama" nAmaka devatAvizeSa se hai| naciketA socatA hai ki mujhase yama ko kyA prayojana? naciketA pitA kI AjJA kA pAlana karatA huA mRtyu arthAt yama ke ghara jAtA haiM aura unase saMvAda karatA hai| vaha yama se mRtyu ke bAre meM pUchatAcha karatA hai aura pUchatA hai ki marane ke pazcAt jIva kA kyA hotA hai? mRtyu = ym| use paryApta AnAkAnI karane ke pazcAt batalAtA hai| kaThopaniSad ke anusAra, naciketA agni ko zAstrokta vidhi se tIna bAra anuSThAna karane vAlA, Rka, sAma aura yajus se sambandha jor3akara, yajJa-dAna-tapa rUpa - 9. asminmahAmohamaye kaTAhe sUryendunA raatridivendhnen| ___mAsartudIMparighaTTanena bhUtAni kAlaH pacatIti vArtA / / - mahAbhArata 10. IzopaniSad, 11. 11. taM hovAca mRtyave tvA ddaamiiti| - kaThopaniSad 1,1,4

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74. mRtyu kI dastaka tIna karmoM ko nitya niSkAma bhAva se karane vAlA manuSya janma aura mRtyu se pare ho jAtA hai 12 punaH kahA gayA ki ina tInoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAnakara jo anuSThAtA vidvAn naciketA agni kA cayana karatA hai, vaha apane samakSa hI mRtyu ko kATa DAlatA hai|13 kaThopaniSad meM "mRtyu ko paramezvara (anirvacanIya deva) ke bhojana kA upasecana (bhojya vastu ke sAtha lagAkara khAne vAlA vyaMjana, tarakArI, caTanI, Adi) kahA gayA hai| yahA~ paramezvara (mahAkAla) ko hI sabhI manuSyoM kA AhAra karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| mRtyu bhI usake adhIna hai|14 bAhya bhogoM kA sAsaktipUrvaka sevana, mRtyu kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| jo ajJAnI bAhya bhogoM meM hI sarvathA lIna rahate haiM ve mRtyu ke bandhana meM par3ate haiN| jisake bhaya se mRtyu bhI apane kArya ko karane ke lie daur3atI hai| usa paramAtmA ko jo yathArthataH nahIM anubhava vaha mRtyu se mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai arthAt bArabAra janma-maraNa ko prApta hotA hai|" prANApAna se pare jIvana ke parama kAraNa ko kaThopaniSad meM isa prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai - na prANena nApAnena mayo jIvati kazcana / itareNa tu jIvanti ysminnetaavupaashritau|| hanta ta idaM pravakSyAmi guhyaM brahma sanAtanam / yathA ca maraNaM prApya AtmA bhavati gautm| 18 arthAt koI bhI maraNadharmA prANI, na hI prANa se aura na hI apAna se jIvita rahatA hai apitu jisake Azraya se ye donoM zarIra meM rahate haiM, aise kisI anya se hI, sanAtana brahma se hI jIvita rahatA hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt (mRtyu ko prApta karake) vaha AtmA hI (zeSa) rahatA hai| yahA~ janma aura mRtyu kI parama kAraNatA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH janma aura mRtyu kI avadhAraNA yahA~ isa prakAra saMketita hai - 12. triNAciketastrimiretya sandhiM trikarmakRttarati jnmmRtyuu| brahmajajJaM devamIDyaM viditvA nicAyyemA shaantimtyntmeti|| - vahI, 1,1,17 13. triNAciketastrayametadviditvA ya evaM vidvA~zcinute naaciketm| . sa mRtyupAzAn purataH praNodya zokAtigo modate svrgloke|| - vahI, 1.1.18 yasya bahma ca kSatraM ca ubhe bhavata odnH| mRtyUryasyopasecanaM ka itthA veda yatra sH|| - vahI, 1.2.25 15. parAcaH kAmAnanuyanti bAlAste mRtyoryanti vitatasya paashm| - vahI, 2.1.2. 16. bhayAdasyAgnistapati bhayAttapati sUryaH / bhayAdindrazca vAyuzca mRtyurdhAvati paMcamaH / / - vahI, 2.3.3. evaM taittirIya, 2.8. 17. yadeveha tadamutra yadamutra tdnvih| mRtyoH sa mRtyumAploti ya iha nAneva pshyti| manasaudamAptavyaM neha nAnAsti kiNcn| mRtyoH sa mRtyuM gacchati ya iha nAneva pshyti|| - kaThopaniSad 2.1. 10-11 18. kaThopaniSad, 2.2 5-6 /

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upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA 75 zarIrAtmasaMyogo janma, zarIrAtmaviyogo mRtyuH / zarIra se AtmA kA saMyoga hI janma hai aura zarIra se AtmA kA viyoga hI mRtyu usa AtmA ke zarIra meM rahate hI sArI indriyA~ apane vyApAra meM pravRtta hotI haiM aura prANAdi zarIra ko dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH janma aura mRtyu zarIra kA hotA hai, AtmA kA nhiiN| ataH mRtyu ko prApta hone ke kAraNa zarIra ko maraNadharmA kahA jAtA hai| jaba manuSya sabhI kAmanAoM se rahita ho jAtA hai, jaba usake hRdaya se ahaMtA-mamatA rUpa sabhI ajJAna granthiyA~ khula jAtI haiM, taba use usa AtmA (brahma) kA anubhava hotA hai aura vaha maraNa se mukti pA jAtA hai| yadA sarve pramucyante kAmA ye'sya hRdi zritAH / atha mo'mRto bhavatyatra brahma smshnute| yadA sarve prabhidyante hRdayasyeha granthayaH / atha mo'mRto bhavatyetAva dahyanuzAsanma / / 19 - aitareyopaniSad meM mRtyu ko apAna rUpa kahA gayA hai| mRtyu apAna vAyu ke rUpa meM nAbhi meM praveza karatA hai|20 isI upaniSad meM anna ko Ayu kahA gayA hai aura apAna vAyu dvArA hI zarIra meM anna kA grahaNa hotA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki azanA (bubhukSA = bhUkha) ko mRtyu kahA gayA hai| ataH anna kA AyuSTva pramApita hotA hai| zarIra kA yaha sthUla rUpa annamaya koza kahA jAtA hai| anna ke satata abhAva se yaha zarIra kramazaH kSINa hotA huA antataH mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye sabhI prANI anna se utpanna hote haiM, utpanna hue prANI anna se hI jIvita rahate haiM aura antataH anna meM hI praviSTa ho jAte haiN| jIvana kA kAraNa anna hai| isI prakAra vahA~ prANa, mana, vijJAna aura Ananda ko jIvana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| anna ko prANarUpa batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki prANa meM zarIra aura zarIra meM prANa pratiSThita hai| ataeva zarIra meM anna aura anna meM zarIra pratiSThita hai| isa prakAra annaprANa ko zarIra kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki anna athavA prANa kA abhAva hI zarIra kI mRtyu hai| 19. kaThopaniSad, 2.3.14 / 20. mRtyurapAno bhUtvA nAbhiM praavisht| - aitareyopaniSad, 1.2.3 21. tadapAnenAjighRkSattadAvayat saiSonnasya graho yadvAyurannAyurvA eSa ydvaayuH| - vahI, 1.3.10 22. annAddhayeva khAlvimAni bhUtAni jaaynte| annena jAtA jiivnti| annaM prayantyabhisaMvizanti / . - taittirIyopaniSad, 3.2 23. taittirIyopaniSad, 3.3-4-5-61 * 24. - prANo vA annam / zarIramannAdam / prANe zarIraM pratiSThitam / zarIre prANaH pratiSThitaH / tadetadannamanne pratiSThitam / - vahI, 3.7

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mRtyu kI dastaka zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki dhyAnayoga kI siddhi ho jAne para jaba yogI paMca mahAbhUtoM para adhikAra kara letA taba yogAgnimaya zarIra ko prApta kiye hue usa yogI ke zarIra meM na to koI roga hotA hai, na vRddhatA AtI hai aura na hI usakI mRtyu hotI hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA ko sabhI upaniSadoM kA sArabhUta kahA gayA hai| gItA, gAya-rUpI sabhI upaniSadoM kA duhA gayA dugdhAmRta hai| ataH vidvAn ko moha (bhrama) nahIM hotaa| upaniSadoM meM varNita viSaya, gItA meM avazya upalabdha hote haiN| upaniSadoM meM varNita mRtyu kA svarUpa bhI gItA meM anekatra anekadhA vizadatayA varNita hai| - zrImadbhagavadgItA meM spaSTataH kahA gayA hai ki isa zarIra kI jaise kaumAra, yauvana aura vRddhAvasthAyeM haiM, vaise hI mRtyu bhI hai| ataH vidvAn ko moha (bhrama) nahIM hotaa| yahA~ spaSTataH kahA gayA ki dehI (AtmA) ke Azraya se hI zarIra kI ye avasthAyeM hotI haiN| zarIra kI mRtyu vastutaH dehI kI dehAntaraprApti hI hai| kyoMki vaha dehI na to paidA hotA hai aura na hI maratA hai|27 . vaha to samaya-samaya para purAne zarIroM ko chor3akara. naye zarIra usI taraha dhAraNa karatA hai jaise manuSya phaTe-purAne kapar3e chor3akara naye kapar3e dhAraNa karatA hai / 28 mRtyu kI anivAryatA batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo zarIra paidA huA hai usakI mRtyu nizcita hai aura jo marA hai usakI utpatti nizcita hai| ataH ina aparihArya viSayoM meM zoka nahIM karanA caahie| viSaya-vAsanA kA hI sadaiva dhyAna karane se usameM Asakti paidA hotI hai, Asakti se kAma, kAma se krodha utpanna hotA hai| krodha se sammoha aura sammoha se smRtinAza, smRtinAza se buddhinAza aura buddhinAza se zarIranAza ho jAtA hai|30 isa prakAra mRtyu ke mUla meM viSayavAsanAoM meM atizaya Asakti kahI gayI hai aura antataH buddhi ke naSTa ho jAne para zarIra ke vinAza arthAt mRtyu ko nizcaya kahA gayA hai| 25. pRthvyaptejo'nilakhe samutthite paMcAtmake yogaguNe prvRtte| na tasya. rogo na jarA na mRtyuH prAptasya yogAgnimayaM zarIram / / - zvetAzvataropaniSad, 2.12 26. dehino'smin yathA dehe kaumAraM yauvanaM jraa| tathA dehAntaraprAptirSIrastatra na. muhyti|| - zrImadbhagavadgItA, 2.13 27. na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / 28. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii|| - vahI, 2.22 29. jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyudhruvaM janma mRtasya c| tasmAdaparihArye'rthe na tvaM shociturmhsi|| 30. dhyAyato viSayAnpuMsaH sNgstessuupjtaayte| saMgAtsaMjAyate kaamHkaamaatkrodho'bhjaayte|| krodhAdbhavati sammohaHsammohAtsmRtivibhramaH / smRtibhraMzAd buddhinAzo buddhinaashaatprnnshyti|| - vahI, 2.62-631

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upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA bhagavAna kRSNa ne svayaM ko yama, kAla2 aura mRtyu kahA hai| isa prakAra ve hI mRtyu haiN| unhoMne Age bhI saMsAra ke vinAza ke lie pravRtta apane ko kAlarUpa batAyA hai| mRtyusaMsAra-sAgara se ubArane vAle bhI svayaM paramezvara haiN| ataH mRtyu se basa bacane ke lie ekaniSTha hokara unakA dhyAna karanA caahie| isa prakAra, saMkSepataH upaniSadoM aura zrImadbhagavadgItA ke AdhAra para mRtyu-sambandhI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karane kA yatkiMcit prayAsa kiyA gyaa| vastutaH zarIra ko cetana tattva (dehI, zarIrI, AtmA, puruSa athavA jisa kisI saMjJA se bodhita hone vAle) se viyoga hI mRtyu upaniSadAM mataM smyggiitaamukhviniHsRtm| . mRtyossvarUpamAkhyAtaM manaHzAntisamRddhaye / / 6 / / 31. yamaH sNymtaamhm| - vahI, 10.29 .. 32. kAlaH klytaamhm| - vahI, 10.30 33. ahamevAkSayaH kaalH| - vahI, 10.34 34. kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho lokAn samAhartumiha prvRtH| - vahI, 11.32

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mRtyuvimarza viSNu purANa tathA agni purANa meM vidyamAna yamagItAoM ke sandarbha meM - kapiladeva pANDeya . AyuSya-samApti kA nAma mRtyu hai| mRtyu ke devatA yama mAne gaye haiN| amarakoza meM diye gaye yama ke caudaha paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM tIna vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM,- yama, kAla aura vaivsvt|' "yamayati kalayati AyuH iti yamaH (yam+aca) kal+aN=kAlaH / vivasto apatyam vaivasvataH (vivasvat+aNa) / " kaThopaniSad meM bhI yamarAja arthAt mRtyu devatA ko sUrya kA putra vaivasvata batAyA gayA hai| kAla kA eka artha samaya bhI hotA hai, jo sUrya se hI udbhUta yA niyantrita hotA hai| sUrya kI gati se hI dina-rAta, saura-mAsa, saMkrAnti, varSa, aryamana, yuga aura kalpa banate haiN| kAla arthAt mRtyu ke sandarbha meM bhI sUryodbhUta kAlAtyaya AyuSya ke upacayApacaya kI kalpanA hai| lokavyavahAra meM bhI mRtyu ko vyakti vizeSa kAyAjIva kA kaoNla A jAne kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| parivartana kI prakriyA ke antargata zarIrApacaya hetu kAla upasthita hone para mRtyu ho jAtI hai| medinIkoSakAra ne mRtyu ke do paryAya diye haiM - maraNa aura yama (mRtyurmA maraNe ym)| loka meM jo kacha bhautika yA sthala hai arthAta jisa para deza-kAla tathA kAraNa-kArya-niyama kA prabhAva par3atA hai, jisake pUrvarUpa kA nAza aura pararUpa kI sRSTi hotI hai, usakI mRtyu hotI hai tathA jo deza-kAla evaM kAraNa-kArya-niyama se pare hai, usakI kabhI mRtyu nahIM hotI, vaha mRtyurahita hai, vaha amara hai| zarIra kI mRtyu hotI hai, AtmA kI nhiiN| zarIra meM upacayApacayarUpa meM parivartana hote haiN| mRtyu kA artha Atyantika vinAza nahIM hai, isakA sIdhA-sAdA artha hai parivartana / sthUla zarIra hI nahIM sUkSma zarIra bhI parivartanarUpa mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| jaise svapna meM hamAre mana dvArA nirmita zarIra, jise paJcabhautika nahIM kaha sakate haiN| 1. amarakoza, 1.1.58-591

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mRtyuvimarza - viSNupurANa tathA agnipurANa meM vidyamAna yamagItAoM ke sandarbha meM 79 paramezvara pRthaka rupoM meM tIna kArya karate haiM - sRSTi, pAlana aura naash| nAza kArya kA hI nAma mRtyu hai| paramezvara sabakI mRtyu haiN| atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai - "AcAryo mRtyuH / kahIM-kahIM "mRtyurAcAryastava" aisA brahmacArI ko sambodhita karake kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra niSkarSa nikalA ki AcArya (guru) mRtyu hai| dvijanma mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM isakI siddhi hotI hai, kyoMki mAtA-pitA se jAta brahmacArI jaba gurukula meM AcArya ke sammukha upasthita hotA hai, usakI mRtyu hotI hai aura usakA dvitIya janma AcArya tathA sAvitrI se hotA hai| atharvaveda meM ullekha hai - "mRtyorahaM brahmacArI yadasmi niryAcana, bhUtAtpuruSaM yamApa" / yahA~ brahmacArI mRtyu ko samarpita huA hotA hai| __ mRtyuhetu upacayApacayajanya parivartana ko rokanA hI mRtyu para vijaya yA yamayAtanA se mukti hai| viSNupurANastha yamagItA ke anusAraM - kiGkarAH pAzadaNDAzca na yamo na ca yAtanAH / samarthAstasya yasyAtmA keshvaalmbnssdaa||' "kezavAlambana" kA tAtparya hai, eka viziSTa jIvana-zailI, jo zarIra ke upacayApacaya tathA parivartana ko roka ske| isI prakAra agni purANa kI yamagItA meM bhI mukti kA mArga batAyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai janma tathA mRtyu para vijaya / yahA~ kahA gayA hai, ki puruSa hI parama tattva hai, jahA~ pahu~cane para kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM hotA - puruSAnna paraM kiMcita sA kASThA sA parA gatiH / prastuta prasaMga meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki viSNupurANastha yamagItA ne batAyA hai ki sarvathA parama tathA carama sarvocca tattva viSNu ke sacce niSThAvAn bhakta ko yamayAtanA nahIM hotii| yaha bAta yamagItA ke antima zloka meM svayaM vaivasvata yama ne batAyI hai| viSNu purANa ke tRtIya aMza meM varNita vibhinna anya viSayoM ke sAtatya meM yamagItA meM pratipAdita viSNu-bhakti ke varNana kA koI aucitya pratIta nahIM hotaa| yamagItA kA yaha adhyAya sambhava hai bAda meM jor3a diyA gyaa| yamagItA ke svarUpa ko dekhate hue yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki purANoM meM vidyamAna gItAoM meM yaha yamagItA prAcInatama hai| gItA vidhA ke vizeSa, svarUpanirdhAraNa ke. pUrva yaha likhI gayI ho sakatI hai| agni purANa kA upAntima adhyAya (382vA~) bhI yamagItA ke rUpa meM prakhyApita hai| yama ke dvArA kaThopaniSad meM naciketA ko diye gaye kucha upadeza isa yamagItA meM liye gaye haiN| 2. atharvaveda, 11.5.141 3. atharvaveda, 6.133.61 4. viSNu purANa, 3.7.381 5. agni purANa, 382.28 | 6. viSNu purANa, 3.7.391

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mRtyu kI dastaka gItAyeM cAhe mahAbhArata ke antargata kI hoM yA purANoM meM, sabhI upadezaparaka haiN| gItAoM kI koI pratipAdya viSaya-sambandhI samarUpatA nahIM hai| sabhI dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika hI hoM, aisI bhI bAta nahIM hai| pUrA viSNu purANa viSNu ko sarvocca tattva ke rUpa meM mAnakara unakI stuti karatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se purANoM meM varNita sabhI viSaya (sarga, pratisarga, vaMza, manvantara aura vaMzAnucarita) isake cha: aMzoM (bhAgoM) meM A gaye haiN| isake atirikta yaha purANa batAtA hai, ki kaise janma aura mRtyu ke cakra para niyantraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kevala untAlIsa zlokoM meM nibaddha . yaha yamagItA sikhAtI hai ki kaise koI jIva mRtyu ke bandhana se mukta ho sakatA hai| isakA mata hai ki viSNu ko saccA bhakta yama kI yAtanA se mukta rahatA hai| brahmANDa meM vibhinna vyakta padArtha eka hI parama tattva kI abhivyakti haiM, prakAzana haiM, prakaTIkaraNa haiN| eka hI tattva vyaktAvasthA meM vividha nAma tathA rUpa prApta karatA hai| jaise eka hI svarNa bhedarahita hokara bhI kaTaka, kuNDala, ityAdi nAnA rUpoM se vyakta hotA hai, vaise hI eka hI viSNu deva, manuSya, pazu, Adi vividha rUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| ye rUpa guNoM meM vidyamAna santulana (sAmyAvasthA) ke bhagna hone ke kAraNa utpanna hote haiM aura punaH anta hone para usI sanAtana paramAtmA meM lIna ho jAte haiN| jaise vAyu ke zAnta hone para usameM ur3ate hue dhUlikaNarUpa paramANu pRthvI meM punaH samAhita hokara eka ho jAte haiM, vaise hI guNakSobha se utpanna hue devatA, manuSya, pazu Adi usa sanAtana paramAtmatattva meM lIna ho jAte haiN| isa vivecana ke anantara una guNoM tathA svabhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo viSNu ke sacce bhakta ko anyoM se pRthak karate haiN| isI sandarbha meM usa vyakti kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo viSNu kA bhakta nahIM hai| isa prakAra isa laghu gItA meM viSNu purANa ke sAra-tattva ko batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki viSNu kI bhakti hI janma-mRtyu ke cakra se kisI ko mukti dilA sakatI hai aura antima puruSArtha mokSa kI ora pravRtta kara sakatI hai| ____ agnipurANastha yamagItA ke mAtra saiMtIsa zlokoM meM bodha ke aneka upAya batAye gaye haiM, jinake AzrayaNa se bhoga tathA mokSa donoM kI prApti hotI hai tathA yamayAtanA tathA mRtyu kI bhIti apAsta ho jAtI hai| yaha yamagItA mUlataH kaThopaniSad ke yama-naciketA-saMvAda para AdhArita hai, jise uddhRta kara agnideva ne vasiSTha ko mRtyu ke saMdarbha meM samajhAyA hai| brahmANDa tathA jIvoM ke kSaNikatva-svabhAva kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karate hue yahA~ kapila evaM paMcazikha maharSiyoM ke matoM ko yama ne uddhRta kiyA hai| isake pazcAt gaMgA, viSNu, janaka, ityAdi ke dvArA batAye vibhinna mArgoM kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| jaigISavya kA mata batAyA gayA hai ki 7. viSNu purANa, 3.7.161 8. tadeva, 3.7.171 9. agni purANa, 382.2-51

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mRtyuvimarza - viSNupurANa tathA agnipurANa meM vidyamAna yamagItAoM ke sandarbha meM 81 vedatrayI meM pratipAdita karmoM ko kartavya samajhakara anAsakta bhAva se anuSThita karanA zreyaskara hai, kyoMki karma sarvottama mArga hai, jo brahma kI ora pravRtta karatA hai| jJAnI puruSa jagat ke jIvoM tathA parama tattva meM koI bheda nahIM dekhtaa| yaha yamagItA tapazcaryA kA mahattva batAtI hai, jisase jJAna, buddhi, Izvara meM vizvAsa, sampannatA, saubhAgya, Adi kI prApti hotI hai|10 yahA~ viSNu kI upAsanA evaM bhakti, mukti ke sabhI mArgoM meM se eka mArga batAyA gayA hai| viSNu parama tattva haiM, jinakA prakhyApana mAtra zabdoM se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| eka hI vaha parama tattva vibhinna bhaktoM ke dvArA vividha rUpoM se jAne jAte haiM, jaise yajJeza, viSNu, ziva, brahmA, Izvara, ityaadi| kucha loga indrAdi nAmoM se tathA kucha anya loga sUrya, candra yA kAla rUpa se usa tattva ko pAnA cAhate haiN| inakA pratyabhijJAna, dhyAna, bhakti, vrata, Adi kI vidhiyoM se sambhava hai| sthAdi rUpaka ke mAdhyama se mana tathA indriyoM ko niyantrita karane ke sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai ki buddhirUpI sArathi ke avivekI hone se ratharUpI zarIra saMsAragarta meM gira jAtA hai tathA vaha janma-mRtyu ke cakra se mukta nahIM hotaa| jo buddhirUpI sArathi vivekI hotA hai, vaha indriyoM tathA manako niyantrita rakhane ke kAraNa janma-mRtyu se mukta ho parama pada ko prApta karatA hai| ____ yogamArga kI carcA karate hue yamagItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki yama-niyama ke dvArA jIvabrahmaikya kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI krama meM yoga ke sabhI aMgoM - yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| samAdhi yoga kA antima caraNa hai, jisameM jIva brahma kA sAmaMjasya rUpa aikya prApta hotA hai| jaise ghaTa ke phUTa jAne para ghaTAkAza mahAkAza meM vilIna hokara eka ho jAtA hai, vaise hI mukta jIva zarIrapAta ke anantara brahma (parama tattva) meM vilIna hokara eka ho jAtA hai| purANoM meM vidyamAna gItAyeM yA to upadeSTA ko mahattva dene ke lie yA pratipAdya viSaya ko mahattva dene ke lie gItA kahalAtI haiN| yamagItAe~ bhI isI zreNI meM AtI haiN| ye yaha batAne ke lie ki sabhI mArga eka hI gantavya taka jAte haiM, jJAna ke vividha vizvAsoM tathA upAyoM kI carcA karatI - vibhinna purANoM meM vidyamAna sabhI gItAyeM eka Izvara ko cAhe nAma koI deM, parama tattva mAnatI haiM aura anya nAmoM se vyapadiSTa devatAoM ko usakI abhivyakti / jaise viSNu purANa kI yamagItA, agni purANa kI yamagItA aura varAha purANa kI rudragItA meM viSNu parama tattva ke rUpa meM, kUrma purANa kI IzvaragItA meM ziva parama tattva ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiM aura devI bhAgavata meM vidyamAna devIgItA meM devI parama tattva ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| parama tattva sabhI mRtyu ke kSetra se bAhara hai, tadatirikta sabhI tattva parivartanazIla haiM arthAt una para mRtyu kA niyantraNa hai| ___10. tadaiva, 382.12-13/

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82 . mRtyu kI dastaka purANoM meM vidyamAna sabhI gItAyeM karma ko brahmajJAna kA sAdhana nahIM mAnatIM, bhale hI ve. karma-niyama se sahamata haiM, ki sabhI karmoM kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| purANa bhakti ko hI brahmajJAna kA sarvottama sAdhana mAnate haiN| brahma-jJAna ke vividha mArgoM para vicAra karate hue yamagItA karma-mArga ko bhI eka sAdhana mAnatI hai, lekina vaha unhIM karmoM ko jo anAsakta bhAva se kiye gaye hoM - kartavyamiti yatkarma RgyjuHsaamsNshritm| kurute zreyase saMgAt jaigISavyeNa giiyte||11 viSNu purANa kI yamagItA to karma bandhana mAnatI hai jo janma-mRtyu ke cakra kI ora unmukha karatA hai - aMgulasyASTabhAgo'pi na so'sti munisttm| na santi prANino yatra karmabandhanibandhanAH / / sarve caite vazaM yAnti yamasya bhagavan kij| AyuSo'nte tathA yAnti yAtanAstatprecoditAH / / 12 yahI bAta devIgItA meM bhI kahI gayI hai ki karma bandhana ke sAdhana haiM, mokSa ke nhiiN| kevala jJAna hI bandhana ke uccheda kA kAma karatA hai| bandhana kA uccheda aura karma-mArga prakAza tathA andhakAra ke tulya haiM, jinakA sahabhAva sambhava nahIM hai| ajJAna ke nivAraNa se hI brahma-jJAna sambhava hai| agni purANa kI yamagItA kahatI hai - brahma-jJAna, suvarNAdidAna, pavitra tIrthoM meM snAna, dhyAna, vrata, pUjA aura dharma ke zravaNa Adi se jo prApta hotA hai use karma-bhakti kahate haiM, jisameM karma aura bhakti donoM kA sammizraNa hotA hai| kevala karma se janma-mRtyu se mukti nahIM mila sktii| usameM bhakti yA jJAna kA sammizraNa honA caahie| ___bhakti kA artha hai nirantara, nirbAdha, sarvadA IzvaraviSayaka cintn| nirantara upAsanA se jIva svayaM Izvara ho jAtA hai - adhazcordhvaM harizcAgre dehendriymnomukhe| ityeva sa smaran prANAn yastyajet saha hribhvet||13 isa prakAra bhaktipUrNa jIvana-zailI se AcaraNa karane vAlA saccA bhakta bAra-bAra yama ke vaza meM nahIM aataa| yama kA niyantraNa usI para hotA hai, jo viSNu yA parama tattva ko samarpita nahIM hai| eka saccA bhakta vaha hai, jo svayaM dUsare prANiyoM evaM parama tattva yA vAsudeva meM bheda nahIM maantaa| vaha vividha manomaloM se mukta ho jAtA hai jo zarIra ke upacayApacayarUpa parivartana se utpanna mRtyu ke hetu haiN| 11. tadaiva, 382.8 / 12. viSNu purANa, 3.7.4-51 13. agni purANa, 382.16 |

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gItA meM mRtyu kI saMkalpanA - - baMzIdhara tripAThI gItA meM mRtyu kI saMkalpanA kisa rUpa meM kI gayI hai ise jAnane ke lie isa graMtha ke viSaya meM do bAtoM kA jAnanA Avazyaka hai| pahalI, prasthAnatrayI meM gItA kA kyA sthAna hai; dUsarI, gItA to eka hai, para isake bhASya aneka, aisA kyoM? prasthAnatrayI meM gItA kA sthAna paramparAgata rUpa se prasthAnatrayI meM zrauta, smArta evaM darzana prasthAna Ate haiN| zrauta prasthAna ke antargata ekAdaza upaniSadoM kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA smArta prasthAna ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| darzana prasthAna ke antargata bAdarAyaNa vyAsakRta brahmasUtra AtA hai| ina tInoM prasthAnoM ke vivecya viSaya brahma, jIva evaM prakRti haiN| kyA ye tInoM prasthAna samAna rUpa se prAmANika mAne jAte haiM athavA inameM koI sopAnAtmakatA hai, vidvAnoM evaM manISiyoM ko yaha prazna udvelita karatA rahA hai| merI dRSTi meM ina prasthAnoM meM sopAnAtmakatA hai| bAdarAyaNa vyAsa ne apanI tarka-zakti, buddhi-zakti ke bala para brahmasUtra kI racanA kii| Astika darzanoM meM inakA sthAna sarvocca mAnA jAtA hai| ise uttara-mImAMsA bhI kahA jAtA hai| upaniSadoM kI racanA RSiyoM ke mAdhyama se huii| ve aupaniSadika maMtroM ke draSTA mAne jAte haiM (RSayo mntrdrssttaarH)| RSiyoM ko maMtroM kA vaktA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai (RSayo mntrvktaarH)| RSigaNa maMtroM ke draSTA haiM, vaktA haiM, para kartA nhiiN| maMtroM kA kartA Izvara hai| isIlie veda ko apauruSeya kahA jAtA hai| veda ke cAra bhAga haiM - saMhitA (mantra), brAhmaNa, araNyaka evaM upaniSad / veda kA antima bhAga hone ke kAraNa upaniSad ko vedAnta bhI kahA jAtA hai| Upara jo kucha kahA gayA hai usase spaSTa hai ki veda na to pUrNatayA pauruSeya haiM aura na hI pUrNataH apauruSeya / veda aMzataH pauruSeya isa artha meM haiM ki RSigaNa mantroM ke draSTA va vaktA haiN| veda aMzataH apauruSeya isa artha meM haiM ki unakI racanA IzvarIya hai| ataH merI dRSTi meM veda /

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84 . . mRtyu kI dastaka pauruSApauruSeya haiN| gItA kI sthiti ina donoM prasthAnoM se bhinna hai| gItA svayaM bhagavAn kI . . racanA mAnI jAtI hai| kahA jAtA hai - ___ gItA sugItA kartavyA kimanyaiH zAstra vistaraiH / yA svayaM padmanAbhasya mukhpdmaadviniHshritaa||| gItAkAra yogIrAja kRSNa haiN| loka meM yaha mAnyatA pracalita hai ki kRSNa svayaM bhagavAn haiM (kRSNastu bhagavAn svym)| aisI sthiti meM prasthAnatrayI meM gItA kA sthAna sarvocca mAnA jAnA caahie| gItA ke bAda upaniSad kA sthAna AtA hai kyoMki isakI racanA RSiyoM ke mAdhyama se huI hai| upaniSad ArSa racanA hai| RSiyoM ne aMtardRSTi se mantroM kA darzana kiyaa| brahmasUtra kA sthAna prasthAnatrayI meM sabase nIce hai, kyoMki isakI racanA buddhi evaM tarka-zakti ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| gItA eka bhASya aneka; aisA kyoM? gItA eka hai, para isake bhASya aneka haiM kyoMki gItA eka ati hI durUha grantha hai| isI durUhatA ke kAraNa vyAkhyAkAra eka zloka ke aneka artha nikAlate haiN| jahA~ gItA meM AcArya : zaMkara nirvizeSAdvaita kI jhalaka pAte haiM, vahIM rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, vallabhAcArya evaM madhvAcArya ko isase kramazaH viziSTAdvaita, dvaitAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita evaM dvaita kA prakAza milatA hai| gItA kI durUhatA ke viSaya meM yahA~ do pramANa prastuta haiN| pahalA, gItA kA prathama zrotA arjuna hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM yogIrAja kRSNa dvArA kahI gayI bAteM arjuna kI samajha meM nahIM aatiiN| bhagavAn kI U~cI-U~cI bAteM sunate-sunate usakI buddhi sambhrama. meM par3a jAtI hai| gItA kA tIsarA adhyAya arjuna ke hI vaktavya se prArambha hotA hai| vaha bolatA hai, "bhagavan, jaba Apake matAnusAra karma kI tulanA meM buddhi athavA jJAna zreSTha hai to phira Apa mujhe karma meM kyoM jhoMka rahe haiM? Apa apanI aspaSTa evaM paraspara virodhI bAtoM se merI buddhi meM vyAmoha paidA kara rahe haiN| do-TUka zabdoM meM bolie, mujhe kyA karanA hai|" arjuna kI isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki gItA meM bhagavAn ne jo kucha kahA hai usameM durUhatA avazya hai| dUsarA, AcArya zaMkara ne prasthAnatrayI para bhASya likhA hai| upaniSad aura brahmasUtra jaise jaTila grantha unheM durUha nahIM lage parantu jaba ve gItA para bhASya likhane lage to unheM yaha grantha jaTila lgaa| gItA bhASya ke upodghAta meM ve likhate haiM "tadidaM gItAzAstraM samasta vedArthasAra saMgrahabhUtaM durvijJeyArtham. . . ataH tadvivaraNe yatnaH kriyate myaa|" arthAt yaha gItA zAstra sabhI vedoM kA sAra hai lekina durUha bhI hai| isalie maiM isakA artha batAne kA prayAsa kara rahA huuN| gItA meM prakRti, puruSa evaM mRtyu gItA svayaM upaniSad hai, brahmavidyA hai, yogazAstra hai| prasthAnatrayI meM vaha smArta prasthAna hai| isameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha bhAratIya cintana kA navanIta hai, nicor3a hai| gItA ke vivecya viSaya aneka haiN| inameM se mRtyu eka hai| isa grantha meM jahA~ kahIM bhI Atmatattva kA vivecana

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gItA meM mRtyu kI saMkalpanA kiyA gayA hai, usameM bAra-bAra yaha bAta kahI gayI hai ki Atmatattva nitya hai, avinAzI hai, aprameya hai, acchedya hai, adAhya hai, akledya hai, azoSya hai, zAzvat hai, sarvagata hai, sthANu hai, acala hai, avyaya hai, sanAtana hai, avyakta hai, cetana hai, acintya hai, avikArI hai, avadhya hai, aja hai, amara hai, triguNAtIta hai, kiMvA svayaM paramAtma tattva hai| jIva rUpa meM deha meM sthita hai| Atmatattva kA hI dUsarA nAma puruSa hai| prakRti Atmatattva se bhinna sattA hai| prakRti triguNAtmikA hotI hai| isameM sat, raja, tama, tIna guNa hote haiN| prakRti kA eka nAma mAyA bhI hai| mAyA athavA prakRti ko jar3a mAnA jAtA hai| jar3a hote hue bhI prakRti jIva kI dRSTi-kriyA meM vyavadhAna upasthita karatI hai, satyAsatya, nityAnitya kA jJAna prApta karane meM bAdhA DAlatI hai| prakRti evaM puruSa ke saMyoga se hI janma athavA sarga kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| sArI lIlA, sArA prapaMca, prakRti kA hai, mAyA kA hai, puruSa athavA Atmatattva ko isa lIlA kA mAdhyama banAyA jAtA hai| gItA kI mAnyatA hai ki puruSa athavA Atmatattva na janma letA hai aura na hI usakI mRtyu hotI hai| janma-mRtyu to prakRti kA dharma hai| jaba jar3a prakRti kA saMyoga avyakta evaM cetana puruSa ke sAtha hotA hai to vaha avyakta se vyakta ho jAtA hai| vyakta hone ke kAraNa usakI saMjJA "vyakti" hotI hai| vyakti, vaise to bhAvavAcaka saMjJA hai para kramazaH isakA prayoga jAtivAcaka saMjJA ke rUpa meM hone lagatA hai| Atmatattva athavA puruSa svabhAvataH avyakta hotA hai| prakRti ke samparka meM Ane ke kAraNa vaha avyakta se vyakta hotA jAtA hai| parantu jaba prakRti se usakA pArthakya hotA hai to vaha punaH apanI mUlasthiti athavA avyakta sthiti ko prApta ho jAtA hai| prakRti se jIva kA pArthakya hI mRtyu hai| jJAtavya hai ki Atmatattva meM kRtitva evaM bhoktRtva ke guNa nahIM hote| parantu jaba Atmatattva prakRti ke sAnidhya meM AtA hai taba usameM bhoktRtva evaM kRtitva jaise guNa A jAte haiN| vaha prakRti ke guNoM kA bhoga karane lagatA hai aura prakRti se sAnnidhya ke kAraNa hI usakA janma sat aura asat yoniyoM meM hotA rahatA hai| puruSa jaba prakRti se saMyoga kI sthiti meM AtA hai taba vaha dehagata ho jAtA hai| use deha meM rasa Ane lagatA hai| vaha dehagata jJAnendriya-prAvadhAnoM kA upayoga karake usI meM ramane lagatA hai| use deha ThIka usI prakAra madhura lagane lagatI hai jaise kamalakoSa meM banda bhramara ko koSa se rasAnubhUti milatI hai| jIva athavA puruSa A~kha, kAna, nAka, tvacA, jihvA tathA mana ke mAdhyama se viSaya kA sevana karatA hai| deha meM usakI Asakti hone lagatI hai| bhramavaza vaha svayaM ko deha kA paryAya mAna letA hai| jaba puruSa athavA jIva deha se pRthak hotA hai to isa sthiti ko hI mRtyu kahate haiN| * pArthakya ke isa krama meM mRtyu deha kI hotI hai, jIva kI nhiiN| deha kI mRtyu bhI deha ke vinAza ke artha meM nahIM hotii| mRtyu-krama meM paMcabhUtoM se nirmita deha tattva-bhUtoM meM punaH lauTa jAte haiN| bhUtoM kA lauTakara apanI mUla-sthiti meM jAnA hI mRtyu hai| mRtyu kI ghaTanA purAne vastroM ko utArane jaisI hai| punarjanma kI ghaTanA naye vastroM ko dhAraNa karane jaisI hai|

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86 mRtyu kI dastaka punarjanma jIva ke karmAnusAra hotA hai| prakRti ke samparka ke kAraNa jIva meM jisa guNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, usI ke anusAra usakA agalA janma hotA hai| yadi jIva meM tamoguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to guNAnusAra usakI vaisI pravRttiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| usakA AgAmI janma kramazaH nimnatara yoniyoM meM hotA rahatA hai| jIva kA pravAha tiryak yoniyoM kI ora bar3hatA rahatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jIva dvArA kiye gaye karma kabhI naSTa nahIM hote| tamoguNa prerita karma jIva ko adhomukhI banAte rahate haiN| yadi prakRti ke samparka ke kAraNa jIva meM rajoguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to usakA agalA janma madhyama zreNI meM hotA hai| satoguNa se prerita jIva Urdhvagati vAlA hotA hai| yadi satoguNa pradhAna koI jIva dehotsarga karatA hai to use svarga kI prApti hotI hai| cirakAla taka svarga meM rahane ke bAda usakA janma ucca kula meM hotA hai| athavA aisA jIva kisI yogI ke kula meM janma letA hai| isa prakAra usakA kramika unnayana hotA rahatA hai| yadi jIva unnayana-krama meM brahmaloka taka pahu~ca jAtA hai to vaha janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti ko mokSa, nirvANa athavA kaivalya kahA jAtA hai| brahma aura jIva ke sambandha meM anya cintaka gosvAmI tulasIdAsa mAnasa meM jIva aura deha ke sambandha ko lekara jo rUpaka bA~dhate haiM, usakA svara gItA se bhinna hai| gosvAmI jI mAnate haiM ki prakRti jar3a hai aura jIva cetn| ina donoM ke bIca milana kI eka gA~Tha bana gayI hai| yaha gA~Tha itanI ulajha gayI hai ki ise sulajhAnA saba jIvoM ke basa kI bAta nahIM hai| gosvAmI jI ke anusAra deha meM jIva kI sthiti vahI hai jo piMjar3e meM tote aura madArI kI Dora se ba~dhe bandara kI hotI hai| gItA kA jIva aisI dAsatA kI sthiti meM nahIM hai| gItA kA jIva to apane, guNakarmAnusAra deha kA varaNa karatA hai, deha ko upakaraNa banAkara usakA upabhoga karatA hai| dehagata jJAnendriyoM ke mAdhyama se vaha bAhya evaM dehAntarika jagat kA rasAsvAdana. karatA hai| deha meM vaha dAsyabhAva se na rahakara svAmIbhAva se rahatA hai| ___ kabIra deha ko ghaTa aura jIva ko ghaTajala ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| ghaTajala kA dRSTAnta aura gItA kA jIva eka-dUsare se bhinna haiN| ghaTajala meM puruSArtha kA nitAnta abhAva rahatA hai jabaki gItA ke dehasthita jIva meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| jIva ke puruSArtha ke AdhAra para hI usake agale janmoM kA svarUpa nirdhArita hotA hai| isI prakAra ghaTAkAza kI saMkalpanA bhI gItA varNita jIva-deha sambandha se bilkula bhinna hai| jJAtavya hai ki ghaTajala aura ghaTAkAza meM na to kartRtva hai aura na hI bhogatRtva jabaki gItA ke jIva meM ye donoM guNa haiN| merI mAnyatA hai ki gItA meM jIva aura deha kI jo saMkalpanA prastuta kI gayI hai, vahI janma evaM mRtyu kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM sakSama hai|

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13 mRtyu kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya darzana ke pariprekSya meM - raghunAtha giri bhAratIya darzana kI dRSTi se jaba kisI siddhAnta, mAnyatA yA avadhAraNA kA vivecana prArambha kiyA jAtA hai taba sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA isa siddhAnta, mAnyatA yA avadhAraNA kI carcA bhAratIya cintana ke mUla srota Rgveda meM kahIM upalabdha hai? yadi Rgveda meM isakI carcA kA pradarzana kara diyA jAtA hai to isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vaha siddhAnta yA avadhAraNA koI navIna avadhAraNA nahIM hai apitu bhAratIya cintana ke Arambha bindu se hI usa avadhAraNA para vicAra hotA A rahA hai| isalie mRtyu kI avadhAraNA para vicAra karate samaya bhAratIya cintana ke mUla srota vaidika saMhitA se hI isa avadhAraNA para vicAra Arambha kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda saMhitA ke nAsadIya sUkta meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki eka samaya aisA bhI thA jaba na asat thA aura na sat thA, na mRtyu thI aura na amRta thA, na dina thA aura na rAtri thI, aadi|' isa kathana se mRtyu ke astitva kA niSedha to ho rahA hai kintu mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kI puSTi ho rahI hai| isa kathana se tArkika dRSTi se eka aura bhI tathya udghATita ho rahA hai ki mRtyu aura jIvana meM tArkika virodha nahIM hai apitu mRtyu evaM amRtatva meM tArkika virodha hai| sAMskRtika vikAsa-krama meM saMvardhita sAhitya ke avalokana se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki mRtyu se chuTakArA prApta karane ke lie amRta kI khoja meM deva, asura evaM mAnava satat prayatnazIla rahe haiN| amRta kI khoja ke lie devatAoM kI prayatnazIlatA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki devatA bhI amara nahIM hai unheM bhI mRtyu kA bhaya thaa| asuroM ke sAtha devatAoM kA samudra-maMthana amRta kI prApti aura amRta ke baMTavAre meM devatAoM kA kapaTapUrNa vyavahAra ... 1. nAsadAsInno sadAsIt tadAnIma na mRtyurAsIdamRtaM na tahiM na rAtryA ahaM AsIt prbhetH|

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88 . __ mRtyu kI dastaka aura unakA amRtapAna aneka praznoM ko upasthita karatA hai jisa para yahA~ vicAra karanA prAsaMgikuM nahIM hai| kevala yahA~ itanA kaha denA paryApta hai ki devatA amRtapAna karane ke pazcAt bhI sApekSika amaratva hI prApta kara ske| unake amaratva kA mAtra itanA hI artha hai ki manuSyoM kI apekSA unakA jIvana adhika dinoM taka rahatA hai jo devavarSa se sau varSa hotA hai| ___ asuroM dvArA vibhinna prakAra kI kaThoratama tapasyAeM, mAnavoM dvArA rasa bhasma, pArada kI khoja, kAyAkalpa kI prakriyA evaM mRtyuMjaya kI upAsanA amaratva kI prApti kA asaphala prayAsa mAnA hai| ukta nAsadIya sUkta meM mRtyu ke saMketa ke pazcAt Rk saMhitA meM mRtyu sUkta aura yama sUkta nAma se do sUkta upalabdha hote haiM jinameM devayAna, pitRyAna, mRtyu kI sarvazaktimattA, vyApakatA tathA yama ke kArya, yamadUtoM kA vivaraNa, yama se dIrghAyu hone kI prArthanA Adi kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| Rgveda ke bAda kaThopaniSad, jo sampUrNa rUpa se mRtyu yA yama ke sAtha naciketA ke saMvAda kA vivaraNa hai, meM kucha aise binduoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai jinase mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ke viSaya meM kucha mahattvapUrNa prazna upasthita hote haiN| upaniSad kA Arambha isa bAta se hotA hai ki vAjazravA ke putra vAjazravasa ne vizvajita yajJa kA anuSThAna kiyA jisameM saba kucha de diyA jAtA hai kintu dene vAlI vastuoM meM ve gAyeM bhI sammilita haiM jo atyanta jIrNa-zIrNa ho cukI haiM aura dUdha dene yogya nahIM raha gayI haiN| ina gAyoM ko dAna meM dete dekha vAjazravasa ke putra naciketA meM zraddhA kA bhAva udita hotA hai aura cintA.ke sAtha apane pitA se pUchatA hai ki Apa mujhe kisako dAna meM de rahe haiN| isa bAta ko aneka bAra kahane para pitA Aveza meM Akara kahate haiM ki "mRtyave tvAM dadAmIti" / arthAt tumheM mRtyu ko de rahA hU~ aura isa kathana se naciketA mRtyu yA yama ke pAsa calA jAtA hai| isa AkhyAna se jo vicAraNIya prazna upasthita hote haiM unakA yahA~ saMketa kiyA jA rahA hai - kyA upaniSad kAla meM hI yajJa pradarzana ke lie hone lage the? upaniSad ke RSi aura dAna ke prati unakI ukta niSThA meM saMgati kaise sthApita ho sakatI hai? kyA aise RSi ke vacana meM aisI kSamatA saMbhava hai ki usake kahane mAtra se usakA putra yamaloka yA mRtyu loka meM calA jAe? aadi| isa AkhyAyikA meM mRtyu ke saMdarbha meM eka mahattvapUrNa bindu naciketA kA yama se prathama varadAna ke rUpa meM yaha mA~ganA hai ki jaba Apake yahA~ se maiM apane pitA ke pAsa jAU~ to ve mujhe pahacAnakara mujhase bAtacIta kreN| isa varadAna se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki mRtyu ke yahA~ se vApasa to AyA jA sakatA hai kintu vApasa Ane para usakI 2. mRtyusUkta, Rgveda, 10,18,1-14 / yamasUkta, Rgveda, 10,14,1,161 3. pItodakA jagdhataNA dugdhadohA nirindriyA anandA nAma te lokAstAn sa gacchati tA ddt| - kaThopaniSad 3. 4. tvatprasRSTaM mAbhivadetpratItaH etat trayANAM prathamaM varaM vRnne|

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - bhAratIya darzana ke pariprekSya meM pahacAna nahIM ho pAtI hai| aba yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA yaha niyama sabhI marane vAloM para samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai yA kevala kucha vizeSa logoM taka hI sImita rahatA hai? isa prazna ke uttara ke lie yahA~ zrImadbhagavadgItA ko uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai, jahA~ yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki jo janma letA hai usakI mRtyu avazya hogI aura jo maregA usakA janma honA bhI anivArya hai| isa kathana kA pUrvArddha sarvAnubhava-siddha hai sArvabhauma evaM nirvivAda hai kintu uttarArddha arthAt jo maratA hai usakA janma honA bhI nizcita, nirdhArita evaM anivArya hai kevala zAstra-pramANa yA zraddhA evaM vizvAsa ke AdhAra para hI mAnya ho sakatA hai sAtha hI sAtha yaha nirvivAda bhI nahIM hai kyoMki vizva meM aneka aisI dhArmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAyeM haiM jinameM mRtyu ke bAda janma hone kI bAta svIkRta nahIM hai| bhArata ke kevala una dharmoM ko yaha mAnya ho sakatA hai jo karma ke siddhAnta ko apanI dArzanikatA evaM naitikatA ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| gItA ke dasaveM adhyAya meM vibhUtiyoM ke nirUpaNa ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn zrIkRSNa apane ko mRtyu rUpa meM bhI prastuta karate haiM jisakA kArya sabakA saMhAra karanA haiN| yahA~ sarva zabda ke artha kI sImA vicAraNIya hai kyoMki yaha sAmAnyatayA sampUrNa, samasta yA niHzeSa kA vAcaka hai| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki vizva yA brahmANDa meM jo kucha bhI hai vaha mRtyu ke prabhAva ke antargata AtA hai aura mRtyu usakA anta karatI hai| bhAratIya dArzanika cintana ke vikAsa-krama ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "svargakAmo yajeta" evaM "svargakAmo'zvamedhena yajeta" Adi vidhi-vAkyoM ke AdhAra para svarga ko mRtyu ke prabhAva se Upara mAnA jAtA rahA hai aura svarga ko mAnava-jIvana ke carama lakSya ke rUpa meM mAnakara usakI prApti kI vividha prakriyAoM ke vikAsa meM cintana evaM jIvana donoM dIrgha kAla taka saMlagna rahe haiN| kintu vicAra meM pratitArkikatA ke prabhAva ne jaba mata upasthita kiyA ki jaise karmAtIta loka kA vinAza hotA hai usI prakAra puNyArjita loka kA vinAza avazya hotA hai| isI pRSThabhUmi meM gItA kA yaha udghoSa ki puNya ke kSINa hone para svarga meM rahane vAlA mRtyu loka meM A jAtA hai, dArzanika cintana ko udvelita kara cintAgrasta banA detA haiM tathA dArzanikoM ko eka aisI kalpanA ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki ve eka aisI sthiti, avasthA pada yA sthAna ko sunizcita kareM jo mRtyu ke prabhAva se kisI prakAra prabhAvita na ho ske| isa khoja meM cArvAka ko chor3akara bhAratIya darzana ke sabhI sampradAya na kevala 5. jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyuH dhruvaM janma mRtasya c| 6. yathA karmacito lokaH kSIyate tathaiva puNyacitaH lokaH kssiiyte| 7. kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti / 8. : abhedyo'yamacchedyo'ya'zoSya adAhayo eva c| nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM sanAtanaH / /

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90 . mRtyu kI dastaka agrasara hue apitu Agama evaM tarka kA Azraya lekara usakI sthApanA evaM siddhi meM sabhI paraspara ke virodhoM ko miTAkara ekajuTa ho gae haiM aura sAMkhya ne yaha sthApanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA ki jo dRSTa jagat hai usameM kiyA jAne vAlA prayAsa jisa prakAra nazvara hai usI prakAra veda-vAkyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA prayAsa tathA usase prApta hone vAlA phala avizuddhikSaya evaM atizayatA Adi doSoM se grasta hone ke kAraNa upAdeya nahIM hai| isa prakAra dArzanika cintana meM usa pada, sthiti, avasthA kA nirdeza kiyA jAne lagA jo mRtyu ke prabhAva se sadA ke lie vinirmukta hai jise mokSa, mukti, apavarga, paramapada, nirvANa, niHzreyasa, Adi zabdoM ke dvArA abhihita kiyA jAne lagA aura usakI prApti ke upAyoM para vaicArika dRSTi se cintana evaM vyAvahArika dRSTi se AcaraNa evaM anuSThAna kA Arambha huaa| yaha pada AkarSaka evaM lubhAvanA to hai kintu zraddhA, vizvAsa evaM zAstra-pramANa se atirikta isako mAnane ke lie koI dRr3ha AdhAra nahIM hai kyoMki yaha pratyakSa evaM tarka kI sImA se pare mAnA jAtA hai| __ jisakI mRtyu hotI hai usakA tAttvika svarUpa kyA hai? isa svAbhAvika prazna ke uttara ke lie hama bhAratIya tattvamImAMsA kI do dhArAoM kA ullekha karanA cAheMge jisameM eka dhArA nityatAvAdI hai aura dUsarI dhArA anityatAvAdI hai| donoM dhArAoM meM mRtyu ke astitva evaM mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| nityatAvAdI dhArA meM mRtyu se sampRkta AtmA ko nitya aparivartanazIla vRddhi, hrAsa, kSaya, vinAza Adi se rahita, acala evaM sanAtana mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke svarUpa vAle AtmA ke sAtha vinAzaka zakti rUpa mRtyu kI saMgati sthApita nahIM ho pAtI aura yaha prazna anuttarita raha jAtA hai ki jaba AtmA kI mRtyu nahIM hotI to usakA janma bhI nahIM ho sakatA taba isa janma-mRtyu ke bhavacakra meM paribhramaNa karane vAlA kauna hai? , dUsarI ora anityatAvAdI dhArA meM koI bhI vastu yA tattva sthAyI, nitya, aparivartanazIla nahIM hai ataH jise AtmA nAma diyA jAtA hai vaha bhI rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra evaM vijJAna, evaM satata parivartanazIla, ina paMca skandhoM kA saMghAta mAnA hai| ataH yaha bhI prazna uThatA hai ki jaba pratyeka vastu tathA paMca skandha ke pratyeka skandha satata parivartanazIla haiM to kSaNa, kSaNameM hone vAle parivartana se mRtyusaMjJaka parivartana meM bheda kisa prakAra sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ukta donoM dhArAoM meM janma aura mRtyu kI vyAkhyA apanI tattvamImAMsIya AdhAroM evaM dArzanika pUrva mAnyatAoM ke sahayoga se kI jAtI hai jisakI saMgati ke lie unakI pUrva mAnyatAoM ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| ukta donoM dhArAoM meM janma-mRtyu ke cakra kI vyAkhyA ke lie karmavAda pUrva mAnyatA kA rUpa svIkRta hai jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti jo kucha zubha yA azubha karma karatA hai usakA sukhAtmaka evaM duHkhAtmaka phala use avazya bhoganA par3atA hai tathA vaha jo kucha bhI

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - bhAratIya darzana ke pariprekSya meM 91 sukha yA duHkha pAtA hai vaha apane pUrva meM kie hue karmoM ke phala rUpa meM hI pAtA hai| isa AdhAra para donoM dhArAoM meM yaha svIkRta hai ki isa jIvana ke pUrva bhI jIvana thA jisameM kie gae karmoM kA phala isa jIvana meM bhogA jAtA hai aura isa jIvana ke Age bhI jIvana hogA jisameM isa jIvana meM kie gae karmoM kA phala bhoganA pdd'egaa| isa AdhAra para ukta donoM dhArAoM meM mRtyu-jIvana mAnA ki samApti nahIM hai apitu mAnA kisI eka jIvana kI samApti hai isake pazcAt dUsare jIvana kA bhI pUrNa nizcaya hai| isa jIvana-mRtyu cakra yA bhavacakra kI samApti donoM dhArAoM meM mAnya hai jise mokSa yA nirvANa ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| ukta donoM dhArAoM ke saMdarbha meM yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki kUTastha, nitya, nirvikAra AtmA mAnane para mRtyu evaM karmaphala-bhoga vyavasthA kI vyAkhyA kaise kI jAtI hai? aura saba kucha kSaNika mAnane para mRtyu evaM phalabhoga-vyavasthA kaise saMbhava hotI hai? yahA~ prathama pakSa meM tIna prakAra ke zarIra kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai sthUla zarIra, sUkSma zarIra evaM kAraNa zarIra | inameM mRtyu ke samaya sUkSma zarIra jIvAtmA ke sAtha sthUla zarIra kA parityAga kara detA hai aura dUsare sthUla zarIra ke nirmANa kI prakriyA meM pratiSTha ho jAtA hai| sUkSma zarIra meM paMca jJAnendriya, paMca karmendriya, mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra, paMcatanyAtrAeM rahatI haiM aura unake sAtha AtmA kA sambandha banA rahatA hai| isI prakAra sRSTi se pralayaparyanta sUkSma zarIra, sthUla zarIra kA parityAga evaM grahaNa karatA hai| jaba pralaya hotA hai to sUkSma zarIra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu kAraNa zarIra, jo avidyA kI granthi ke rUpa meM rahatA hai, vidyamAna rahatA hai aura nayI sRSTi hone para punaH sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa kAraNa zarIra ke AdhAra para ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AtmA meM parivartana na hone para bhI isase saMbaddha sthUla, sUkSma Adi zarIroM kA parivartana yA mRtyu aupacArika rUpa se AtmA meM lAgU hotI hai| anityatAvAdI dhArA bhI pratItyasamutpAda ke AdhAra para mRtyu ke pazcAt janma aura karma phalayoga kI vyavasthA kI vyAkhyA karatI hai| isake anusAra mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI avidyA evaM saMskAra apane meM parivartana karate hue pravAha rUpa meM calate haiM tathA agale jIvana ke lie vijJAna, nAma rUpa, SaDAyatana, sparza, vedanA, tRSNA, upAdAna, bhava, Adi kA utpAda karate hue agale janma kI vyavasthA karate haiN| isa prakAra mRtyu evaM karmaphala-bhoga kI vyavasthA calatI rahatI hai| jIvana, jisakA eka chora janma aura dUsarA chora mRtyu hai, kI avadhi ko Ayu kahA jAtA hai aura isakA nirdhAraNa aneka AdhAroM para hotA hai| jisameM pramukha AdhAra vaha yoni hai jisameM prANI janma grahaNa karatA hai| Ayu kA nirdhAraNa, jahA~ jIva-vijJAna meM zarIra saMsthAna kI saMracanA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM darzana-zAstra meM isa yoni meM prApta hone vAle bhoga aura usakI mAtrA para Ayu kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai|

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92 mRtyu kI dastaka vizva meM eka ora aise prANI bhI haiM jinakI Ayu kucha kSaNa se kucha mAha taka sImita hotI hai aura dUsarI ora kucha aise prANI bhI haiM jinakI Ayu kucha varSoM se lekara hajAroM varSoM taka hI hotI hai| darzana-zAstra isakA kAraNa bhoga kI mAtrA ko mAnatA hai| sAmAnyatayA mAnava kI Ayu sau varSa mAnI jAtI hai kintu katipaya loga hI pUrNa Ayu kA bhoga kara pAte haiN| kama Ayu kI mRtyu ko akAla mRtyu kahA jAtA hai jisake kAraNoM para saprAmANika vistRta evaM gambhIra vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| purANa sAhitya meM mAnava varSa ke AdhAra para divyavarSa kI kalpanA kI gayI hai aura yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki mAnava kA eka varSa devatAoM ke lie eka dina-rAta ke barAbara hotA hai| isI taraha unakA pakSa, mAha evaM varSa banatA hai aura una devatAoM kI Ayu unake apane varSa se sau varSa mAnI jAtI hai| isI krama meM brahmA kA varSa, viSNu kA varSa evaM maheza ke varSa kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai aura unakI Ayu bhI unake apane varSa se sau varSa mAnI jAtI hai| anta meM kevala eka tattva jise parAtpara tattva kahA jAtA hai usakA na janma hotA hai aura na mRtyu| vaha kAla kI avadhi se pare hotA hai| ise kahIM parAtpara viSNu, kahIM sadAziva, kahIM parabrahma Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai kintu vAstavika rUpa meM vaha nAma Adi se pare hotA hai jisakI kalpanA mana dvArA saMbhava nahIM hotI ataH koI bhI zabda usakA vAcaka nahIM hotA kyoMki vaha vANI kI paridhi se pare hotA hai| isa prakAra anantaM brahmANDoM meM aisA koI bhI prANI manuSya, deva, devAdhideva nahIM hai jo mRtyu ke prabhAva se pare ho| sabhI kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa aura sabakA anta mRtyu hai| bhAratIya darzana meM mRtyu se sadA ke lie chuTakArA prApta hone vAlI jisa sthiti kI carcA kI jAtI hai vaha mukti, mokSa, nirvANa, apavarga, niHzreyasa, Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| isa paramapada yA carama puruSArtha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM pratyeka darzana sampradAya apanA mata prastuta karatA hai jo usake tattvamImAMsIya paridhi meM hotA aura usake sAdhanoM ke svarUpa unake anuSThAna kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivecana bhI karatA hai| kintu yaha eka mAnyatA hai ki 84 lAkha yoniyoM meM kevala mAnava meM hI vaha kSamatA aura yogyatA hai jisase vaha una sAdhanoM kA anuSThAna kara mRtyu se pare jAkara isa sthiti ko prApta kara sakatA hai|

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA eka anucintana ... - vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA mRtyu ke sambandha meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki vyakti kA jaba janma hotA hai usI samaya se mRtyu kI ora usakA prasthAna prArambha ho jAtA hai| vyavahAra meM dekhA jAtA hai ki koI vyakti jaba sATha varSoM kA ho jAtA hai taba vaha bUr3hA ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai| yadi vaha kisI sevA meM hai, vizeSakara sarakArI sevA meM to sarakAra use sevAmukta kara detI hai| samAja ise mAnatA hai aura vaha vyakti bhI svayaM svIkAra kara letA hai ki vaha bUr3hA ho gayA hai| tabase mRtyu bhI usake daravAje para apanI dastaka kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM denA zurU kara detI hai| koI usa dastaka ko jalda samajha jAtA hai; koI use dera se samajhatA hai aura koI-koI use nahIM bhI samajha pAtA hai| ataH mRtyu kI dastaka ko athavA mRtyu ko samajhanA bUr3he logoM kA kAma hai| jo yuvaka haiM, yuvatI hai unheM cAhie ki ve jIvana ko samajhane kA prayAsa kreN| isake do kAraNa die jA sakate haiM - 1. yuvAvasthA jIvana ke nikaTa aura mRtyu se dUra hotI hai| isake viparIta vRddhAvasthA mRtyu ke nikaTa aura jIvana se dUra hotI hai| 2. jIvana ko samajhane ke bAda hI mRtyu ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| jisane jIvana ko nahIM samajhA hai usake lie mRtyu ko samajhanA asambhava hai| mRtyu kI avadhAraNA nirUpita karanA atyanta kaThina hai kyoMki isake sambandha meM nimnalikhita bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI haiM - (ka) mRtyu-sambandhI na to koI anubhava prApta hotA hai aura na kisI prakAra kI anubhUti hI isakI hotI hai| anubhava A~kha, kAna, nAka, jihvA aura tvacA ke mAdhyama se prApta hote haiN| mRtyu kA bodha to kisI bhI indriya se nahIM hotA hai| dila bhI mRtyu kI anubhUti

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94 . . mRtyu kI dastaka grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| kyoMki mRtyu ke samaya sArI bodhagamyatA samApta ho jAtI hai| jo bhI anubhava yA anubhUti hotI hai vaha jIvana meM hI hotI hai| (kha) mRtyu ke sambandha meM koI anumAna bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki pramANa-zAstra ___ kA kahanA hai ki anumAna usI kA hotA hai jisakA kabhI-na-kabhI pratyakSIkaraNa huA. karatA hai| cUMki mRtyu kA pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM hotA hai isalie isakA anumAna bhI sambhava nahIM hai| (ga) pAzcAtya astitvavAdI dArzanika sAtra ne kahA hai ki AdamI kI koI avadhAraNA nahIM banatI hai kyoMki manuSya sadA hone kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| avadhAraNA to usakI banatI hai jo pUrA ho cukA hotA hai| yaha samarthana darzana jagat meM prAyaH svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| hameM apane sambandhoM meM vividha prakAra ke anubhava prApta hote haiN| hameM anubhUtiyA~ bhI hotI haiM, phira bhI hama apanI avadhAraNA mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM haiN| phira mRtyu kI avadhAraNA hama kaise mAna sakate haiM jisake viSaya meM hameM koI anubhava prApta nahIM hotA (gha) sabase vicAraNIya bAta to yaha hai ki mRtyu hotI kisakI hai? kyoMki zarIra jar3a hotA hai aura AtmA amara hotI hai| ataH mujhe aisA nahIM lagatA hai ki mRtyu kI koI avadhAraNA banatI bhI hai| mRtyu ke lie prayukta pramukha zabda - (ka) prANAnta - mRtyu ke lie eka bahuta hI prasiddha zabda hai prANAnta / mRtyu ke lie kabhI bhI "jIvAnta" yA "AtmAnta" prayoga nahIM hotaa| kyoMki jIva aura AtmA ko avinAzI samajhA jAtA hai| mRtyu se tAtparya hotA hai praannaant| hiMsA batAte hue jaina paramparA meM kahA gayA hai "pramattayogAt prANavyaparo paNaM hiMsA" / ' arthAt pramAdavaza jo prANaghAta hotA hai, vahI hiMsA hai| mRtyu bhI hiMsA hai yadi ghAta karane se vaha hotI hai| jisa zakti se hama jIva ko kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM jIvita dekhate haiM vaha zakti prANa hai, jisake abhAva meM koI bhI zarIra gatihIna ho jAtA hai isI vajaha se prANa ke dasa bheda kie gae haiM - 1. sparzanendri bala prANa ___ 2. rasanendriya bala prANa 3. ghrANendriya bala prANa 4. cakSurindriya bala prANa 5. zrotrendriya bala prANa 6. kAyabala prANa 1. tatvArtha sUtra umAsvAti, adhyAya-7, sUtra 8 /

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - eka anucintana 95 7. vacanabala prANa 8. manabala prANa 9. zvAsocchavAsa bala prANa 10. AyuSya bala prANa jaba AtmA aura zarIra ke bIca sambandha sthApita hotA hai taba prANoM kI utpatti hotI hai| jaise hI ina donoM ke bIca sambandha-viccheda hotA hai prANoM kA anta ho jAtA hai| vaha sthiti mRtyu kI hotI hai| (kha) dehAnta - mRtyu ko dehAnta bhI kahate haiM kyoMki mRtyu ke phalasvarUpa deha naSTa ho jAtI hai| prAyaH prANAnta aura dehAnta donoM hI mRtyu ke lie vyavahAra meM Ate haiM kintu donoM meM antara yaha hai ki pahale prANAnta hotA hai aura usake bAda dehAnta hotA hai| prANAnta ke bAda zarIra rahatA hai jise jalA diyA jAtA hai athavA daphanA diyA jAtA hai| dehAnta hone ke bAda prANAnta hotA hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| (ga) mahAprayANa - mahAprayANa ko mahAprasthAna bhI kaha sakate haiN| choTA prayANa yA prasthAna karane vAlA vyakti lauTakara A jAtA hai kintu mRtyu rUpa prasthAna karane para koI lauTatA nahIM, vaha sadA-sadA ke lie apanoM se dUra ho jAtA hai| isalie mRtyu ko mahAprayANa kahate haiN| lekina vyavahAra meM dekhA jAtA hai ki isa zabda kA upayoga sirpha mahApuruSoM kI mRtyu ke lie hotA hai| sAdhAraNa vyakti ke marane para mahAprayANa zabda kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai| isakA eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki sAdhAraNa vyakti jaba maratA hai to vaha apane sage-sambandhiyoM se alaga jarUra ho jAtA hai parantu punarjanma ke kAraNa vaha punaH kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM isa saMsAra meM lauTakara A jAtA hai| kintu saMta-mahAtmA jaba marate haiM to yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki unheM mokSa prApta ho gayA aura saMsAra meM AnA-jAnA chUTa gayA / ataH una logoM kI mRtyu ke lie mahA prayANa vyavahRta hotA hai| (gha) videha-mukti - videha-mukti bhI mRtyu hI hai| kintu isa zabda kA vyavahAra sAdhakoM evaM tapasviyoM kI mRtyu ke lie hotA hai| kyoMki videha-mukti, jise pUrNa mokSa kahate . . haiM, tyAgI, tapasvI, santa, mahAtmA hI prApta karate haiN| sAmAnya logoM kI mRtyu ko videha-mukti nahIM kaha sakate haiN| (Da) ciranidrA - sAmAnya DhaMga se jaba koI sotA hai taba turanta athavA dera se jaga jAtA ___ hai lekina mRtyu-rUpI nidrA kI sthiti meM Ane ke bAda vaha jAga nahIM pAtA, vaha hamezA ke lie so jAtA hai| isalie mRtyu ko ciranidrA bhI kahate haiN| (ca) svargavAsa - "svargavAsa" zabda mRtyu ke lie sAmAnyatayA vyavahAra meM AtA hai| marane ke bAda svarga athavA naraka kI prApti to vyakti ke karmoM para AdhArita hotI hai jo 2 jainadharma ahiMsA. DaoN. baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, pR. 1411

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96 . mRtyu kI dastaka sukarmI hote haiM unheM svarga milatA hai aura jo kukarmI hote haiM unheM naraka prApta hotA hai| kintu yaha eka ziSTAcAra hai ki kisI bhI mare hue vyakti ke svargavAsa kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| aisI hI bAta mahAprayANa ke sAtha hai| mukti to saMta-mahAtmAoM ko milatI hai lekina anya zreSTha puruSoM ke lie bhI isa zabda kA vyavahAra hotA hai jisase una logoM ke prati sammAna vyakta hotA hai| (cha) maranA-mAranA - ye donoM zabda mRtyu ke lie bahuta hI pracalita haiN| amuka vyakti mara gayA, arthAt usakI mRtyu ho gii| amuka vyakti ne amuka vyakti ko mAra DAlA, arthAt jisa vyakti ko mArA gayA usakI mRtyu ho gii| mRtyu duHkhada hotI hai aura isase jIvana kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| kintu Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki ina zabdoM ke vyavahAra meM kabhI-kabhI sukha evaM jIvana ke vikAsa kA sandeza dekhA jAtA hai| jaba koI premI apanI premikA se kahatA hai "hAya maiM to mara gayA", "terI adAoM ne mujhe mAra DAlA' taba yaha ukti duHkha nahIM sukha kA saMcAra karatI hai| jIvana ko utsAhita karatI hai| marane vAlA svayaM bolatA hai "maiM mara gyaa| ataH mRtyu ke lie vyavahRta hone vAle zabdoM ko inake saMdarbho ko dekhate hue hI sahI rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| mRtyu kI kAmacalAU avadhAraNA yadyapi mRtyu kI koI avadhAraNA banatI nahIM hai phira bhI "arthakriyA kAritvama sataM" ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para isakI kucha kAmacalAU avadhAraNA bana sakatI hai| mRtyu ho jAne para jo kucha hotA hai use dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mRtyu aisI nahIM hotI hai| mRtyu hone para prANAnta ho jAtA hai, dehAnta ho jAtA hai, ciranidrA kI sthiti A jAtI hai, aadi| ataH kaha sakate haiM - (ka) mRtyu vaha hai jisase prANoM kA anta ho jAtA hai| (kha) mRtyu vaha hai jisake kAraNa marane vAle kI cetanA hamezA ke lie samApta ho jAtI ___ hai athavA cetanA kA sadA ke lie samApta ho jAnA hI mRtyu hai| (ga) mRtyu vaha hai jisake kAraNa vyakti sthAyI nidrA kI sthiti meM A jAtA hai| (gha) mRtyu vaha hai jisake kAraNa vyakti sadA-sadA ke lie apanoM se dUra ho jAtA hai aura usake lauTane kI AzA nahIM raha jAtI hai| mRtyu ke prakAra mRtyu ke nimnalikhita prakAra mAne gae haiM - (1) sAmAnya mRtyu - jaba koI vyakti bUr3hA hokara athavA bImAra hokara maratA hai taba use sAmAnya mRtyu kahate haiN|

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - eka anucintana (2) akAla mRtyu - kisI Akasmika ghaTanA ke kAraNa jaba kisI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai to use akAla mRtyu kahate haiM, jaise kisI U~ce sthAna se girakara, pAnI meM DUbakara, kisI yantra Adi se durghaTanAgrasta hone para hone vAlI mRtyu| (3) AtmahatyA - kisI vivazatA ke kAraNa jIvana se Ubakara svayaM apanI hatyA kara lenaa| jaise viSapAna kara lenA, U~ce sthAna se kUda jAnA, Trena se kaTa jAnA, pAnI meM chalAMga lagA denA, bandUka Adi se apane para hI prahAra kara lenA, ityaadi| (4) icchA-mRtyu - icchA-mRtyu kA artha hai ki svecchA se mRtyu ko gale lgaanaa| isakI __carcAeM vibhinna paramparAoM meM alaga-alaga DhaMga se milatI haiN| (ka) vaidika paramparA - mahAbhArata meM bhISma pitAmaha kI icchA-mRtyu kA ullekha milatA hai| svecchA se prANa tyAgane kI kSamatA unameM thii| prANa tyAgane ke lie unhoMne sUrya ke uttarAyaNa meM hone kI pratIkSA kii| isake atirikta sAdhakoM ke dvArA sthAyI rUpa se samAdhistha hone kI bAteM bhI milatI haiN| (kha) jaina paramparA - jaina paramparA meM icchA-mRtyu ke lie saMthArA, samAdhimaraNa, Adi zabda bhI dekhe jAte haiN| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba vyakti apane jIvana meM santoSa prApta kara letA hai, use kisI cIja kI apekSA nahIM raha jAtI hai taba vaha dhIre-dhIre apanA khAna-pAna tyAganA zurU kara detA hai aura anta meM mRtyu kI sthiti meM A jAtA (ga) grIka paramparA - grIka paramparA kI sirenAika tathA sinika zAkhAoM meM bhI mRtyu ko varIyatA dI gaI hai| sirenAika zAkhA ke hegesiyasa ne yaha mAnA hai ki jIvana kA koI mahattva nahIM hai, balki jIvana kI tulanA meM mRtyu vyakti ke lie jyAdA anukUla hai, kyoMki usameM sabhI prakAra kI nirAzAoM evaM duHkha kA anta ho jAtA hai| ve loga bar3e bhAgyavAna hote haiM jinakA jIvana kaSTamukta hotA hai| jyAdAtara logoM ke jIvana meM to kleza kA Adhikya hI dekhA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM AtmahatyA hI mAtra aisA mArga raha jAtA hai jo vyakti ko duHkha se chuTakArA dilAtA hai| ataH ve AtmahatyA kA samarthana karate haiN| sinika logoM ke vicAra meM nirdhanatA, kaSTa, roga, gulAmI tathA apane Apa meM mRtyu bhI azubha nahIM hai| gulAma se svatantra ko zreSTha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kAraNa gulAma ke pAsa yadi dhArmikatA hai to vaha svayaM svatantra hai aura janmajAta zAsaka hai| AtmahatyA ko eka aparAdha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yadi koI apane duHkha ke damana ke lie nahIM balki jIvana ke prati apanI upekSA bhAvanA ke kAraNa AtmahatyA karatA hai| mRtyu ke prakAroM ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmahatyA aura icchA-mRtyu meM antara hai| AtmahatyA meM vivazatA hotI hai jabaki icchA-mRtyu meM saMtoSa evaM svatantratA hotI

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98 . mRtyu kI dastaka hai| vaidika paramparA kI icchA-mRtyu se aisA lagatA hai ki marane vAle ke pAsa mRtyu ko rokane kI kSamatA hai kintu jaina paramparA kI icchA-mRtyu meM marane vAle meM aisI kSamatA kA abhAva jAna par3atA hai| vaha jIvana se saMtuSTa hokara zarIra kA tyAga kara sakatA hai lekina mRtyu ko roka nahIM sakatA hai| sirenAika kI AtmahatyA eka sAmAnya AtmahatyA kI taraha hai| isakI tulanA meM sinika logoM kI AtmahatyA sabase bhinna hai| isameM na to jIva ke prati sAdhAraNa AtmahatyA kI taraha duHkha kI vivazatA hai aura na jaina icchA-mRtyu kI taraha jIvana kI saMtuSTi hai, balki jIvana ke prati upekSA bhAva hai| jIvana aura mRtyu jIvana aura mRtyu eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| donoM ko bilkula alaga-alaga karake nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| zarIra kA dhAraNa karanA janma yA jIvana hai, aura zarIra kA tyAganA mRtyu hai| janma ke bAda mRtya aura mRtyu ke bAda janma kI prakriyA hamezA calatI rahatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki sAmAnyataH jo janma letA hai, vaha maratA hai aura jo maratA hai vaha janma letA hai| parantu jo mukta ho jAtA hai usake viSaya meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaha phira zarIra dhAraNa nahIM karatA yA janma nahIM letA hai| janma lene vAle ke viSaya meM marane kI bAta pUrI taraha mAna lI gaI hai parantu zAstroM meM eka-do aise bhI udAharaNa milate haiM jinase janma ke bAda mRtyu kI bAta khaMDita ho jAtI hai| hanumAnajI tretAyuga meM the, dvApara meM the aura Aja bhI haiN| inake janma kI kathA to milatI hai kintu marane kI bAta kahIM nahIM milatI hai| mahAbhArata meM ekamAtra azvatthAmA kI carcA milatI hai jo droNAcArya ke putra the| unake viSaya meM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki ve mare nahIM aura Aja bhI jIvita haiN| mRtyu nizcit athavA anizcit / mRtyu ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki mRtyu bilkula nizcit hotI hai| kisI vyakti kI mRtyu jisa samaya, jisa sthAna para aura jisa mAdhyama se hone ko hotI hai ThIka usI samaya, usI sthAna para tathA usI mAdhyama se hotI hai| isameM koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai| ataH mRtyu sarvathA nizcit hai| kintu isa nizcitatA kA bodha na to marane vAle ko hotA hai aura na anya kisI ko| yadi mRtyu ke viSaya meM kucha pahale se jJAta hotA to marane vAlA yathAzakti apanI surakSA kA upAya krtaa| lekina aisA nahIM hotA hai| mRtyu ho jAne ke bAda anya loga batAte haiM ki amuka vyakti kI mRtyu isa prakAra huI hai| ataH mRtyu anizcit bhI hai| isa taraha mRtyu cAhe jitanI bhI nizcit ho usakI nizcitatA ke bodha kA abhAva use anizcitatA kI koTi meM lA detA hai| mRtyu sAdhya yA sAdhana mRtyu hamezA sAdhana ke rUpa meM hI jAnI jAtI hai| yaha sAdhya nahIM banatI hai| sAdhakoM kI

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - eka anucintana videha-mukti nahIM hotI jaba mRtyu hotI hai| ataH videha-mukti ke lie yaha eka sAdhana hai| nirAzAvAdI logoM ke lie vartamAna kaSToM se chuTakArA dilAne vAlI mRtyu hI hotI hai| ve samajhate haiM ki mara jAne se jIvana kI sabhI samasyAoM kI samApti ho jAtI hai| sinika logoM ke prati upekSA bhAva kI pUrti mRtyu se hI hotI hai| ataH mRtyu sAdhana hai|

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jyotiSa-zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra - paMDita trilokanAtha mizra prAcIna vidvAnoM ke anusAra jyotiSa vidyA ke aThAraha pravartaka mAne gaye haiN| sUrya, brahmA, vyAsa, vaziSTha, atri, parAzara, kazyapa, nArada, bhRgu, marIci, manu, aMgirasa, lomaza, polisa, cyavana, pavana, manu aura shaunk| __ jyotiSa ke do pramukha vibhAga haiN| eka gaNita aura dUsarA phalita / ina donoM kA vahI sambandha hai jo zabda aura artha kaa| sUrya siddhAnta jyotiSa kA ArSa grantha hai| jyotiSa ke anusAra mRtyu ke kaI prasaMga aura pakSa haiN| zubha aura azubha grahoM kI sthiti ke anusAra mRtyu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaise jAtaka (bAlaka) ke janma ke anusAra mAtA aura pitA ke mRtyu kA samaya, strI kI mRtyu, saMtAna kI mRtyu, graha-sthiti ke anusAra alpAyu kA vicAra, mArakeza kA vicAra, mRtyu-samaya ke lagna kA jJAna, mRtyu kA sthAna, grahayogAnusAra mRtyukAraNa, grahoM se mRtyukArI rogoM kA anumaanH| isI krama meM inakA saMkSepa meM vicAra prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jAtaka ke janma-anusAra usake mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya ke aneka yoga hote haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa eka yoga prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai - janma kAla meM candramA se caturtha sthAna meM pApagraha (sUrya, maMgala, zani, upalakSaNa se rAhu tathA ketu) ho aura usake sAtha zubha graha na ho yA usa para zubha graha kI dRSTi na ho to jAtaka kI mAtA alpakAla meM hI mRtyu ko prApta hotI hai|

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jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra 101 dekheM nIce cakra meM - svAmI rAmatIrtha paramahaMsa rAhu 1 - 11 X 12 ____10 zani maMgala 9 zukra M 5 bRhaspati sU. caM. bU. inakI mAtA nau. mAsa kI avasthA meM unheM tyAgakara cala basI thiiN| jAtaka ke janma se pitA kI mRtyu kA vicAra yadi janma ke samaya navama sthAna kA svAmI-graha rAhu se chaThe athavA AThaveM sthAna meM baiThA ho aura rAhu kI mahAdazA meM janma ho athavA navameza kI mahAdazA meM ho to pitA kI mRtyu hotI hai| prastuta hai mithilA ke mahArAjAdhirAja kAmezvara siMha jI kI janma kuNDalI cakra - ke. 4 dh ly ly ma. caM. ___11 zu. 8 / 10 sU. rA. uparyukta cakra meM navameza zani se rAhu chaThe sthAna meM baiThA hai tathA rAhu se zani AThaveM sthAna meM hai aura svAmI nakSatra meM janma hone ke kAraNa inakA janma rAhu kI mahAdazA meM huA

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102 mRtyu kI dastaka thaa| phalasvarUpa inake pitA kA dehAnta inakI bAlyAvasthA meM huA thaa| isI taraha yadi lagna va cauthe sthAna meM rAhu ho aura zatru rAzigata bRhaspati ho to pitA kI mRtyu jAtaka ke 23veM varSa meM hotI hai| jAtaka ke janma ke anusAra strI-puruSa ke bhI aneka yoga hote haiM jinameM eka yoga aisA bhI hai - yadi puruSa kuNDalI meM kanyA lagna kA janma ho aura usameM sUrya ho tathA saptama sthAna meM mIna kA zani ho to zani kI dazA meM strI kI mRtyu hotI hai| isI taraha dUsarA yoga yaha bhI hai - kisI puruSa kuNDalI meM maMgala chaThe sthAna meM ho, sAtaveM meM rAhu aura AThaveM meM zani ho to aise vyakti kI strI jIvita nahIM rhtii| yadi janma lagna kanyA ho aura maMgala makara rAzigata ho to aise vyakti ke kaI saMtAnoM kI mRtyu hotI hai| paMca sthAnagata maMgala putra ke lie sarvadA hAnikAraka hotA hai| yadi maMgala paMcama sthAna ke prathama tRtIyAMza (10 aMza) ke nIce ho to prathama putra, dUsare meM (20 aMza taka meM) dUsare putra evaM tRtIya (30 aMza) ke bhItara kA ho to choTe putra kI mRtyu hotI hai| ___ alpAyu vicAra ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi budha, bRhaspati aura zukra chaThe, AThaveM yA bArahaveM meM ho tathA yadi sUrya candramA ke sAtha lagna meM ho aura AThaveM yA bArahaveM meM pApagraha ho athavA zukra evaM bRhaspati lagna se ho aura sUrya pApagraha ke sAtha hokara pA~caveM meM ho to janma lene vAlA alpAyu hotA hai| vyakti kaba maregA yaha vicAra atyanta gUr3ha hai| isa saMbaMdha meM bhalI prakAra vicAra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| lagna cakra meM dUsarA sthAna tathA sAtavAM sthAna ye donoM aise sthAna haiM jahA~ se mRtyu ke sambandha meM kAla (samaya) kA jJAna hotA hai| mArakeza arthAt mArane vAlA graha kauna hogA isakA niyama yaha hai - 1. dvitIyeza ke sAtha vAle pApagraha ko mArakatva kI prabala pradhAnatA hotI hai| 2. saptameza ke sAtha vAle graha ko usase km| 3. dvitIyastha pApagraha ko usase km| 4. saptamastha pApagraha ko usase km| 5. dvitIyeza ko usase km| 6. saptameza ko usase km| 7. usake bAda dvAdazeza ko| 8. usake bAda dvAdazeza ke sAtha vAle pApagraha ko| ___ isake bAda tRtIyeza, isake bAda SaSTheza, phira ekAdazeza, aMta meM grahoM ke pApatva ko dekhate hue mArakeza kI pradhAnatA sthira karanI hotI hai|

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jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra 103 __ pahale yaha dekhanA hogA ki bAlAriSTa hai yA nahIM, phira yaha dekhanA hogA ki alpAyu, madhyamAyu va dIrghAyu hai| itanA nizcaya karane ke bAda yaha dekhanA hogA ki usa Ayu pramANa ke samaya viMzottarI dazAnusAra kisa graha kI dazA-antardazA par3atI hai| usa Ayu ke anukUla uparyukta mArakezoM meM se kisI kI dazA-antardazA AyegI to usI meM mRtyu yA mRtyuvat kleza hogaa| udAharaNArtha mAna liyA jAye ki jAtaka alpAyu nahIM hai parantu janma se pA~ca hI varSa bAda dvitIyeza ke sAtha vAle pApagraha kI dazA AtI hai to aise sthAna meM usa graha kI dazA meM usa jAtaka kI mRtyu nahIM hogI, kevala kaSTa hokara raha jaayegaa| isI prakAra yadi mAna liyA jAye ki bAlaka ko bAlAriSTa yoga nahIM hai parantu janma samaya hI meM mArakeza kI dazA hai to aise sthAna meM vaha mArakeza graha aniSTakArI to avazya hogA parantu mRtyukara nahIM hogaa| . ___ alpAyu, madhyamAyu va dIrghAyu ke samaya vicArapUrvaka dekhanA hogA ki balI mArakatva kisa graha ko hai, usI kI dazA-antardazA tathA gocara krama meM vaha graha maaregaa| kintu mRtyu kA ThIka samaya-jJAna bahuta kaThina hai| saptama, dvitIya aura dvAdaza sthAna meM pApagraha ho aura lagna, aSTama yA chaThe sthAna meM candramA ho aura lagna se dUsare, sAtaveM, AThaveM va bArahaveM ghara ke svAmI kI dazA-antardazA cala rahI ho to avazya mRtyu ko dene vAlA hotA hai yA phira uparyukta dazA kAla jaba kabhI AtA hai sAtha hI gocara krama meM bhI 2, 6, 7, 8 yA 12veM ghara meM pApagraha AtA hai to mRtyukArI hotA hai| lagnayo mRtyu pazcApi mRtyau syAtA bubhau yadi / sthitau preSkANa ekasmin tadA mRtyurna saMzayaH / / yadi cakra meM pahale ghara (lagna) kA svAmI aura aSTama ghara kA svAmI rAzi ke eka hI preSkANa 1/3 meM sthita ho jAye taba mRtyu ko prApta karAtA hai| (1) mRtyu sthAna ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki uparyukta yoga ke samaya yadi aSTama bhAva ___cara (1, 4, 7, 10) rAzi ho to janma sthAna se bilaga kisI anya nagara meM mRtyu hotI (2) yadi aSTameza pApagraha ho aura lagna meM baiThA ho aura usa para lagneza kI dRSTi ho to ____ jAtaka kI mRtyu akasmAt apane ghara meM hotI hai| (3) yadi asmAdhipati pApagraha ho aura saptama sthAna meM baiThA ho to jAtaka kI mRtyu rAste meM hotI hai| " (4) yadi maMgala navama bhAva meM ho to mArga meN| (5) yadi navameza navama meM ho to tIrtha yA gaMgA ke samIpa maraNa hotA hai|

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104 . mRtyu kI dastaka yadi lagneza bRhaspati va zukra ke sAtha ho to tIrtha meM mRtyu hotI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa vallabhAcArya jI kA janma-cakra prastuta hai - zu. caM. rA. ke. yahAM lagneza maMgala bRhaspati ke sAtha navama sthAna meM hai| inakI mRtyu kAzI meM huI thii| tIrtha maraNa ke bhI aneka yoga aura bheda haiM vistAra se nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| jA rahA hai| isI taraha graha-yogAnusAra mRtyu-kAraNa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai(1) yadi karka athavA siMha rAzigata hokara candramA saptama va aSTama sthAna meM baiThA ho aura rAhu se yuta ho to kisI pazu dvArA mRtyu hotI hai| (2) yadi dazama sthAna meM sUrya aura caturtha sthAna meM maMgala ho to kisI savArI para se girakara mRtyu hotI hai| (3) dazama sthAna meM sUrya aura caturtha meM maMgala baiThA ho to vAhana se TakarAkara mRtyu hotI hai| (4) yadi rAhu aSTama sthAna meM ho aura usa para pApagraha kI dRSTi ho to phor3A ityAdi yA sarpa Dasane se mRtyu ho| (5) zubha graha zatru rAzigata hotA huA 6, 8 yA 12veM sthAna meM baiThA ho aura maMgala zatru rAzigata hotA huA zatrugraha ke sAtha ho to sarpa ke Dasane se mRtyu hotI hai| (6) yadi mIna lagna kA janma ho aura usameM sUrya aura candramA kisI anya pApagraha ke sAtha ho aura aSTama sthAna meM bhI pApagraha ho to kisI strI ke hAtha se mRtyu hotI hai| (7) lagneza, aSTameza aura saptameza ke ekatra hone se jAtaka kI mRtyu strI ke sAtha hotI

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jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra 105 (8) caturtheza jisa rAzi meM ho usa rAzi ke svAmI para yadi caturtheza kI dRSTi par3atI ho athavA vaha caturtheza ke sAtha ho to jAtaka kI mRtyu jala meM DUbane se hotI hai| jaisAki caitanya mahAprabhu ke sAtha huA, dekheM cakra nIce hai - caM. ketu X3 F inakI mRtyu 1533 I, ke ASAr3ha saptamI ravivAra ko jala meM DUbane se huI thii| (9) yadi dvitIyeza aura SaSTheza, zani ke sAtha hokara 6, 8 vA 12veM bhAva meM ho to jAtaka : kI mRtyu viSapAna se hotI hai| isa taraha mRtyu kAraNa ke bhI aneka yoga batAye gaye haiN| rogAdi ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi aSTama sthAna meM koI zubha graha baiThA ho to jAtaka kI mRtyu klezakara nahIM hokara sukhamayI hotI hai| para yadi aSTama sthAna meM pApagraha baiThA ho to mRtyu pIr3A ke sAtha hotI hai| jo graha aSTama sthAna meM baiThA rahatA hai usI graha ke dhAtu prakopAdi se athavA una grahoM ke jAti-anusAra manuSya kI mRtyu hotI hai| yadi aSTama sthAna meM sUrya baiThA ho to agni evaM jvarAdi se, yadi candra baiThA ho to jala, dasta kI bImArI yA rudhira-vikAra roga se, yadi maMgala baiThA ho to akasmAt mRtyu yA haijA, plegAdi se, yadi budha baiThA ho to jvara, cecakAdi se, aura yadi bRhaspati baiThA ho to lAilAja roga se mRtyu hotI hai| zukra ke baiThe rahane se pyAsa, zani baiThA ho to kSudhA yA adhika bhojana hone ke kAraNa mRtyu hotI hai| isa viSaya para vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM sUryAdi graha ke ucca, nIca ucca navA~za, mitra-gRhI, zatru-gRhI, zatru navA~za, mitra navA~za, svagRhI, vargottama, zubha SaDavarga, krUra SaDavargAdi meM hone para anekAneka rogoM ke kAraNa se mRtyu saMbhava kahI gayI hai| udAharaNArtha cakra diyA jA rahA hai

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106. mRtyu kI dastaka rA. bu. 10 2 zu. za. caM. uparyukta cakra meM aSTameza zukra aSTama sthAna meM zani tathA candramA ke sAtha hai tathA pApagraha maMgala dvArA dekhA jA rahA hai ataH aise vyakti kI mRtyu jala meM DUbane se hotI hai| jyotiSa se bhinna anya zAstroM meM bhI mRtyu para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kaThopaniSad meM mRtyu ke devatA yama aura bAlaka naciketA ke saMvAda se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA parivyApI hai tathA mRtyu zarIra taka sImita hai| gItopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyudhuvaM janma mRtasya c| tasmAdaparihArye'rthe na tvaM shocitumrhsi|| 2.27 / / ' arthAt jisane janma liyA hai usakI mRtyu nizcit hai, aura mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA punarjanma bhI nirdhArita hai| ataH he arjuna! aparihArya kartavya kA pAlana karo, tumheM vilApa nahIM karanA caahiye| vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jirNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii|| 2.22 / / jisa prakAra purAne vastroM ko tyAgakara manuSya navIna vastra ko dhAraNa karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra AtmA vartamAna zarIra ko tyAgakara navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA mahAbhArata meM yudhiSThira aura yakSa kA eka prasaMga hai| yakSa ne yudhiSThira se cAra prazna pUche the, usameM dUsarA prazna thA - ki isa carAcara jagat meM Azcarya kyA hai? yudhiSThira ne kahA -

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jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra 107 ahanyahanya bhUtAni gacchanti yama mandire / apare sthAtu bhicchanti kimAzcarya mataH prm|| arthAt yaha jAnate hue bhI ki pratyeka vyakti yamarAja gRha (mRtyu) ko jAtA hai| phira bhI maiM nahIM marU~gA, mere sAtha aisI ghaTanA nahIM hogI, aisI niDaratA banI rahatI hai - isase bar3hakara dUsarA koI Azcarya nhiiN| garUr3a purANa (13.34) meM mRtyu ke antima kSaNa tathA mRtyu ke pazcAt mRtaka kI AtmA kI yAtrA aura tatsambandhI anubhava kA viSad varNana hai| zrI bhagavAna ne kahA - he pakSirAja garur3a! maiM bhayaMkara yamamArga kA varNana karatA hU~, pApI loga jisameM hokara yamaloka ko jAte haiN| sunane vAle ko bhI vaha varNana ati bhaya dene vAlA hai, parantu maiM tumhAre Agraha se kahatA huuN| sarvadA pApa meM hI jo loga Asakta rahate haiM, dharma aura dayA se rahita haiM, kusaMgati meM rahate haiM, satsaMgati aura uttama veda-zAstra se vimukha rahate haiM, jo apane ko sammAnita mAnakara ghamaMDa meM phUlate haiM, dhana tathA maryAdA ke garva se yukta haiM, daivI-zAnti rUpI sampatti se hIna hokara rAkSasI bhAva prApta hote haiM, jo bhoga tathA kAma meM lIna rahate haiM, mana jinakA mAyA-jAla meM pha~sA huA hai, apavitra naraka meM ve girate haiN| manuSya jo dAna dene vAle haiM mokSa prApta karate haiN| jo loga pApI haiM ve yama-vAsanA sahate hue duHkhapUrvaka yamaloka jAte haiN| isa saMsAra ke pApiyoM ko jaise duHkha milate haiM una duHkhoM ko bhogane ke pazcAt jaisI mRtyu hotI hai, tathA jaisA kaSTa ve pAte haiM tumase usakA varNana karatA hU~, dhyAna se suno| saMsAra meM manuSya janma lekara pUrva janma ke saMcita kiye huye apane puNya aura pApa se acche-bure phala ko bhogatA hai| zeSa azubha karma ke saMyoga se zarIra meM koI roga ho jAtA hai| roga aura vipatti se yukta vaha prANI jIvana kI AzA se utkaMThita rahatA hai| yuvAvasthA kA vedanAhIna vaha prANI strIputroM se sevita hone para bhI jarAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai, balavAna sarpa ke samAna kAla ekAeka usake sira para A pahu~catA hai| vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa rUpahIna hokara ghara meM mRtaka ke samAna rahatA hai| gRhasvAmI dvArA apamAnayukta diye huye AhAra kA zvAna ke samAna bhojana karatA hai, roga aura mandAgni ke kAraNa usakA AhAra ghaTa jAtA hai, calane-phirane kI zakti ghaTa jAtI hai aura ceSTAhIna ho jAtA hai| jaba kapha se svara-nAliyAM ruka jAtI haiM, zvA~sa ke Agamana meM kaSTa hotA hai, khAMsI aura zvA~sa ke vega ke kAraNa usake kaNTha meM ghura-ghura zabda hone lagatA hai| cetanA rahane ke kAraNa cArapAI para par3A huA socatA hai, bandhu varga se ghirA huA vaha prANI mRtyu ke sannikaTa pahu~catA rahatA hai, bulAne se bhI nahIM bolatA hai| isa prakAra aba bhI kuTumba ke pAlana-poSaNa meM jisakI AtmA lagI rahatI hai, usa parivAra ke prema kI vedanA se vaha prANI rotA huA parivAra ke bIca meM mara jAtA hai| he garur3a! mRtyu ke samaya devatAoM ke samAna prANI kI divya dRSTi ho jAtI hai| vaha saMsAra ko ekamaya dekhatA hai, kucha bhI bolane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| indriyoM kI vyAkulatA se caitanya prANI bhI jar3a ke samAna

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108. mRtyu kI dastaka ho jAtA hai| jaba prANa Adi pA~coM vAyu apane sthAna se cala dete haiM, usa samaya marate hue pApI ko eka kSaNa bhI kalpa ke samAna bItatA hai| sau bicchuoM ke kATane se jo pIr3A hotI hai, vaisI hI vyathA zvAsoM ke nikalate samaya hotI hai| usa jIva ke mukha se (yamadUta ke bhaya se) lAra aura phena girane lagate haiN| ataH pApiyoM kA prANavAyu gudA ke mArga se bahirbhUta hotA hai| prANa nikalate samaya prANiyoM ko yamadUta milate haiM jo krodha se lAla naina vAle, bhayAnaka mukha, pAza aura daNDa ko liye, nagna zarIra, dA~toM ko pIsate haiN| Ter3he mukha vAle vizAla nakha- . rUpI zastra vAle, kauoM ke samAna kAle zarIra vAle, Upara ko uThe hue kezavAle yamadUta vahA~ Akara upasthita rahate haiN| vaha prANI una dUtoM ko dekhakara bhaya se mala-mUtra kA tyAga karane lagatA hai| vaha jIva hAya-hAya karatA huA zarIra se nikala kara aMguSThamAna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura mohavaza apane ghara ko dekhatA hai aura yamadUtoM dvArA usI samaya pakar3a liyA jAtA hai, jaise aparAdhI puruSa ko rAjA ke sipAhI pakar3akara le jAte haiN| isa prakAra mArga meM le jAte huye ve yamadUta usa jIva ko dhamakI dete haiM tathA bArambAra narakoM ke bhayAnaka varNana karate jAte haiN| isa varNana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mRtyu kA kSaNa atyanta bhayAvaha hotA hai| isa samaya vyakti ke mana meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai aura mRtaka kI AtmA (aMguSThamAna zarIra) kI kaThina yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| yamaloka pahu~cane para vaha jIva yamarAja kA darzana karatA hai tathA ghora naraka kI yAtanA ko dekhakara eka muhUrta meM yamarAja kI AjJA se phira manuSyaloka meM AtA hai| vaha jIva yahA~ Ane para apane pUrva zarIra meM punaH praveza karane kI icchA karatA hai parantu use yamadUta pAza meM bAMdhe rahate haiN| isa kAraNa kSudhA-tRSA ke duHsaha duHkha ko vaha vikala hokara sahatA aura rotA hai| taba putroM dvArA mRtyu ke sthAna para diye gaye piNDa aura marane ke samaya diye hue dAna ko vaha jIva khAtA hai| jisakA piNDadAna nahIM hotA, ve nirjana vana meM kalpa bhara pretayoni meM duHkhapUrvaka bhramaNa karate haiN| cha: karor3a kalpa taka binA bhoge karma kA kSaya nahIM hotA hai aura jIvoM ko binA yama kI yAtanA bhoge manuSya kA janma bhI nahIM miltaa| isI se dasa dina putra ko piNDadAna karanA caahiye| isa varNana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki manuSya mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI apane parivAra para Azrita hai| arthAt mRtyu aura jIva kI sAtatyatA banI rahatI hai| zarIra kI mRtyu hotI hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt kI do avasthAyeM haiN| eka hai - pitaraloka meM nivAsa karanA, dUsarA hai - phira se mRtyuloka meM janma lenaa| mRtaka ke putrAdi samaya-samaya para pitRzrAddha karate haiN| ataH unake lie mRtyuloka meM pitara ke punaH janma lene kI bAta asaMgata hai| zAstroM meM mRtaka ke liye zAnti tathA nArAyaNa bali Adi kA vidhAna hai| isase mRtaka ko pitaraloka meM pahuMcane kA mArga sulabha ho jAtA hai| devaloka kI taraha pitaraloka bhI amaratA kA AdhAra hai|

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jyotiSa zAstra meM mRtyu-vicAra 109 niSkarSataH jyotiSa-zAstra meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA daihika stara taka hI sImita hai| upaniSad aura purANa ne isakI avadhAraNAoM ko aura adhika vyApaka banAyA hai| garur3a purANa mRtyu ke karmakANDa kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| jyotiSa bhI karmakANDa kA aMga hai|

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa - saMtoSa kumAra mizra jIvana kyA hai aura mRtyu kyA hai? yaha eka sanAtana aura zAzvat prazna hai| saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI dharmoM, sampradAyoM tathA darzanoM meM loka-paraloka tathA punarjanma kI carcA kI gayI hai| kaThopaniSad tathA zrImadbhagavadgItA ke bIja prazna bhI yahI haiN| anyAnya upaniSadoM-purANoM aura darzana-graMthoM meM bhI isa viSaya para vicAra huA hai| vastutaH jIvana aura mRtyu, punarjanma tathA paraloka-saMbaMdhI saMvAda ke binA adhyAtma vimarza ho hI nahIM sktaa| manuSya mRtyu se ghabarAtA hai| isake bAre meM socane se katarAtA hai kyoMki vaha mRtyu hI hai jo prANI ke astitva ko hI miTA detI hai, use vartamAna se bhUta meM badala detI hai| isaliye mRtyu hamezA se dArzanikoM aura dharma-granthoM ke pAle meM rhii| raghukulabhUSaNa maryAdA puruSottama bhagavAna zrIrAma ne apane garu vaziSTha se pachA thA "matya kyA hai?" garu vaziSTha ne bhagavAna zrIrAma se pratiprazna kiyA - agara tuma zaiyyA para leTe ho aura chata se sA~pa laTakatA najara Aye to tuma kyA karoge? bhagavAna zrIrAma ne kahA - hama vahA~ se bhAga jaayeNge| vaziSTha ne kahA to basa mRtyu bhI yahI hai| isase baco; bhAga niklo| bhagavAna zrIkRSNa ne gItA meM mRtyu kI vizad evaM gaMbhIra vyAkhyA kI hai| jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyudhruvaM janma mRtasya ca / tasmAdaparihArye'rthe na tvaM zocitumarhasi / / vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti nropraanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyAni saMyAti navAni dehii|| nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati mArUtaH / / jIvana aura mRtyu eka cakra hai, yaha jIvana kI niraMtaratA hai kyoMki AtmA amara hai| yaha kabhI nahIM mrtii| kisI bhI kAraNa se nahIM, basa colA badala letI hai| naciketA to cala par3A thA,

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 111 sAkSAt yamarAja se hI mRtyu kA rahasya jAnane ke liye - yeyaM prete vicitsA manuSye'stItyeke nAyamastIta caika / tadvidyAmanuziSTastatvayAhaM vArANAmeSa vastRtIyaH / / gItA kA dvitIya adhyAya kaThopaniSad para AdhArita hai| donoM meM "nAyaM hanti na hanyate" ityAdi kaI siddhAMta-vAkya samAna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiM, yaha bAta vidvAnoM ko vidita hai| zAstrakAroM ne jIvana aura mRtyu ke isa cakra ko alaga-alaga rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA hai| jyotiSa jahA~ kAla ke bhogoM ko mRtyu mAnatA hai vahIM vedAMta AtmA kI amaratA ko svIkAra karate hue mRtyu ko dehAMtara kahatA hai| ___ mAnava zarIra paMcamahAbhUta - pRthvI, jala, pAvaka, gagana, samIra; paMcakarmendriya - hAtha, paira, gudA, liMga, jihvA; paMcajJAnendriya - zrotra, cakSu, rasanA, tvaka, ghrANa; paJcaprANa - prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna, vyAna; aMtaHkaraNa catuSTaya - mana, buddhi, citta, ahaMkAra aura satva, rajas, tama evaM AtmA 27 tattvoM se ghirA hai, jise sthUla zarIra kahate haiN| sthUla paMcamahAbhUta aura sthUla paMcakarmendriya ina dasa tattvoM ke atirikta jo zeSa 17 tattva bacate haiM, utane saMghAta va sUkSma paMcabhautika - yaha sUkSma zarIra hai| mRtyu kA artha hai sthUla paMcakarmendriya yukta zarIra se prANa kA saMyoga na honA, kyoMki karma yoga ke liye hotA hai, ataH mRtyu se prANI kA sarvanAza nahIM ho jAtA apitu pUrvokta dasa tattvoM kA karmAzaya samApta hone se nivRtti mAtra ho jAtI hai| __sattAIsa tattvoM se AveSThita isa prAkRtika zarIra kI zuddhi ke lie SoDsa saMskAroM kA vidhAna hai jo janma se lekara mRtyu ke bAda taka sampanna kiye jAte haiN| saMskRta sAhitya meM saMskAra ko vividha rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA jAtA hai| parantu Rgveda se lekara Adhunika sAhitya taka meM zarIra kI zuddhi ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai| inase zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika unnati hotI hai| sanAtana (hindU) dharmazAstra ke anusAra SoDas mukhya saMskAra haiM - garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa (nAmadheya), niSkramaNa, annaprAzana, cUr3AkaraNa, karNavedha, vidyArambha, upanayana (yajJopavIta), vedArambha, kezAnta, samAvartana, vivAha aura antyeSTi / solaha saMskAroM meM se caudaha saMskAra mAtA-pitA evaM guru dvArA sampanna karAye jAte haiN| jIvana sAtatya ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita karane vAle zeSa do saMskAra vivAha (pANigrahaNa) svayaM vyakti dvArA sampanna hotA hai, tathA aMtima saMskAra putra ke dvArA sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| sanAtana dharma ke anusAra mRtyu-saMskAra aMtima saMskAra hai| ise sampanna karane ke liye aneka niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| mRtyu ke prArambhika lakSaNa spaSTa hone ke sAtha hI aMtima saMskAra kI taiyAriyA~ Arambha ho jAtI haiN| isameM sanAtana (hindU) dharmazAstra evaM

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112. mRtyu kI dastaka lokAcAra donoM vidhiyoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| jaba maraNAsanna vyakti ke parijanoM ko usakI mRtyu ke Asanna hone kA pUrNa vizvAsa ho jAtA hai, tabhI se mRtyu kA karmakANDa Arambha ho jAtA hai| yaha karmakANDa mukhyataH tIna caraNoM meM sampAdita hotA hai - pUrvA, madhyamA evaM uttraa| mRtyu-saMskAra ko sampAdita karane vAle ko "kartA" kahate haiN| dhArmika matAnusAra jIvAtmA mRtyu ke pazcAt "puma" nAma ke naraka meM calI jAtI hai, jo isa naraka se trANa dilAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai use hI putra kahate haiN| "puma nAma narakAyateta te putrH|" isaliye kahA gayA hai ki "aputrasya gatirnAsti' arthAt jise putra nahIM hai usakI mukti nahIM hai| isaliye viSNu purANa ke anusAra mRtyu kA karmakANDa karane vAlA adhikArI vyakti putra, prapautra athavA bhrAtA kI saMtAna patravata yaha karmakANDa kara sakate haiN| zaMkhavacanAnusAra "putrabhAve patnIsyAt tadbhAve ca sahodaraH tadbhAve bhrAtiH bhrAtA tadbhAve bhrAtrI saMtatiH" arthAt putra ke abhAva meM yaha karmakANDa patnI dvArA, patnI ke na rahane para sage bhAI dvArA, usake na rahane para cacere bhAI dvArA, usake bhI na rahane para bhAiyoM kI saMtAna dvArA sampanna kiye jAte haiN| yAjJavalkya ke matAnusAra "tatsamaH putrikA putraH" arthAt dauhitra (putrI kA putra) bhI isa karmakANDa ko sampAdita kara sakatA hai| lekina jo vyakti isa karmakANDa ko sampanna karegA vaha usa samaya putravat hI hogaa| isa prakAra "aputrasya gatirnAsti' svayaM khaMDita ho jAtA pUrvA kriyA yaha kriyA mRtyukAla se prArambha hokara dasa dinoM taka rAtriparyanta calatI hai - 1. vaitaraNIdAna - sanAtana (hindU) zAstroM ke anusAra yamaloka ke dvAra para vaitaraNI nadI pravAhita hotI hai jise prAyaH kAlI gAya hI pAra kara sakatI hai| vaitaraNI ko saralatA se pAra karane ke uddezya se kartA mRtyu ko prApta ho rahe vyakti ke hAthoM meM kAlI gAya kI pU~cha kA sparza karAkara godAna kI kriyA ko sampanna karatA hai| 2. bhUmiyoga - dhArmika mAnyatAnusAra manuSya ko aMtima samaya meM mAyA-moha se mukta hokara zarIra kA parityAga karanA caahie| isake pratIka svarUpa aMtima samaya meM parijana zarIra kA parityAga karane vAle ko khule AkAza ke nIce baMdhana rahita pariveza meM bhUmi para liTA dete haiN| isakA uddezya zarIra tyAga karane vAle ko usake saMjJAna meM hI mAyA-moha rahita ho jAne kI pratIti karAnA hai| mRtma zarIram utzraja kASTa loSTa smNchitai| vimukhA bAMdhavA yanti dharma tatraM gcchti|| mRtyu ke uparAMta jIvAtmA mRta zarIra ko lakar3I aura lauha ke samAna pRthvI para chor3akara calI jAtI hai| bichur3e hue baMdhu-bAMdhava kucha dUra jAkara vApasa A jAte haiM,

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 113 mAtra dharma hI Age sAtha jAtA hai| mithilA meM mRtyu ke samaya bhUmiyoga kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai| aisA loka-vizvAsa hai ki devI sItA ke anurodha para bhagavAna zrIrAma ne sItA kI vidAI ke samaya yaha varadAna diyA ki mithilA kI isa parama pAvana bhUmi para manuSya, pazu-pakSI, jIva-jantu jo koI bhI apane zarIra kA tyAga karegA vaha sIdhe baikuNTa loka ko prApta hogaa| ataH Aja bhI dehAvasAna ke samaya parijanoM dvArA mRtaka ko bhUmi para liTA diye jAne kI paramparA yathAvat hai| zava-yAtrA - ise aMtima yAtrA ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| mRtyu ke uparAMta mRtaka ke zarIra ko snAna karAkara sugaMdhita dravya candana Adi kA lepa lagAkara navIna vastra dhAraNa karAyA jAtA hai| yadi mRtaka saubhAgyavatI strI hotI hai to usakA dulhana kI taraha solahoM zRMgAra kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt use apane vaMza paramparAnusAra nirmita khaTiyA, bA~sa kI sIr3hI, palaMga athavA paTare para liTAkara kamase-kama cAra vyakti kaMdhe para uThAte haiM aura bolo hari-hari bola, zrIrAma athavA rAmanAma satya hai Adi parama pAvana nAmoM kA udghoSa karate hue zava ko zmazAna taka le jAte haiN| zavayAtrA kA netRtva mRtaka kA jyeSTha putra yA pramukha zokAta saMbaMdhI karatA hai| zava-yAtrA kA netRtva karane vAlA vyakti apane hAtha meM jalatI huI lakar3I liye rahatA hai jise vaha gArhapatya agni se pradIpta karatA hai| usake pIche arthI rahatI hai, jisakA anusaraNa mRtaka ke saMbaMdhI aura baMdhu-bAMdhava karate haiN| gRhya-sUtroM ke anusAra do varSa se adhika Ayu ke sabhI sapiNDoM ko zava ke sAtha zmazAna taka jAnA caahie| zava-yAtrA meM sammilita hone vAloM kA sthAna-krama unakI Ayu ke anusAra hotA hai, arthAt vayovRddha Aga-Age calate haiM anya loga piiche| prAcIna kAla meM agnihotra kI prathA pracalita thI jisakI jhalaka aMtima yAtrA ke samaya Aja bhI dekhane ko milatI hai| agnihotra brAhmaNa kI agni unake upanayana saMskAra (yajJopavIta) ke samaya AcArya dvArA prajjvalita karAyI jAtI thii| agnihotra brAhmaNa isa agni ko jIvanaparyanta prajjvalita rakhate the aura mRtyu hone para unake kartA putra zava-yAtrA meM isI agni ko sAtha le jAte the evaM isI agni se zavadAha karate the| Aja bhI bhAratIya samAja kI aneka jAtiyoM meM zava-yAtrA ke daurAna gRha se agni le jAne kA vidha na milatA hai| zava-yAtrA Arambha hote samaya usakA agraNI eka maMtra kI AvRtti karatA hai jisakA bhAvArtha hai - "puSA jo mArga ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAnatA hai, tumheM le jAne ke liye jisake uttama prazikSita pazu haiM, aura jo loka kA rakSaka hai, vaha tumheM yahA~ se le jA rahA hai, vaha tumheM pitRloka meM sthAnAntarita kara de| agni jo yaha jAnatA hai ki tumhAre liye kyA ucita hai, yahA~ se le jaaye|"

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114 . mRtyu kI dastaka 4. dAha-saMskAra - jAtIya tathA laukika paramparA evaM saMskRti ke anusAra zava-yAtrA ke mArga meM piNDadAna karate hue zava ko zmazAna bhUmi taka lAyA jAtA hai| zmazAna bhUmi pahu~cane ke pazcAt sarvaprathama citA kI sthApanA ke liye upayukta sthAna kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai| zmazAna bhUmi ke nikaTa asthi visarjana hetu kisI nadI ke na hone para cayanita sthAna para vizeSa AkAra kA gaDDhA banAne kI prathA bhI pracalita hai jisase ki dAha-saMskAra ke pazcAt asthi saMcaya ke kArya meM suvidhA ho| zavadAha ke pUrva zmazAna-bhUmi meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA ullekha AraNyakoM meM nahIM miltaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki Arambha meM dAha-kriyAeM maMtroM ke binA hI kI. jAtI thiiN| kintu gRhya-sUtra isa viSaya meM, vizeSataH citA sthApanA ke viSaya meM nizcit niyamoM kA vidhAna karate haiN| sthAna ke cunAva ke viSaya meM nirdiSTa niyama devatAoM ko bali dene ke sthAna saMbaMdhI niyamoM se bahuta kucha milate-julate haiN| isa prakAra vidhivat cunA huA sthAna- zuddha kiyA jAtA hai aura bhUta-preta ke nivAraNa ke liye maMtra pATha kiyA jAtA hai| AzvalAyana ke anusAra gaDDhA bAraha aMgula gaharA, pA~ca bittA caur3A, zava kI lambAI (hAthoM ko pArzva meM khola dene para anumAnita lambAI) jitanA lambA honA caahie| prayoga meM Ane vAle IMdhana ke prakAra, citA kI mApa tathA nirmANa aura anya saMbaddha niyama dhArmika graMthoM dvArA nirdhArita haiN| zokAta saMbaMdhiyoM Adi ke svecchAcAra ke liye koI avakAza nahIM chor3A gayA hai| dAha-saMskAra meM bhAga lene vAle vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA viSama hotI hai| zmazAna meM viSama saMkhyAtmaka mAtrA meM lakar3I se citA nirmita kara usa para zava ko liTAyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt kartA vaidika maMtroccAraNa ke bIca paramparAnusAra tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta bAra zava kI parikramA karake zava ko mukhAgni detA hai| mRtaka ke varNAnusAra brAhmaNa ke hAtha meM eka svarNa-piNDa, kSatriya ke hAtha meM dhanuSa aura vaizya ke hAtha meM maNi honI caahie| jaba zava jalakara "kapota" pramANa mAtra zeSa raha jAtA hai taba kartA miTTI ke ghar3e meM jala lAkara citA ko zAMta karatA hai| tatpazcAt sabhI baMdhu-bAMdhava snAna karane jAte haiM aura mRtaka ke sAtha preta zabda jor3akara use tilAMjali dete haiN| isake sAtha hI mRtaka ke sAtha sabhI saMbaMdhiyoM kA laukika saMbaMdha samApta mAna liyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt sabhI loga gRha ko lauTa Ate haiN| maithila paramparA meM snAna karane ke pazcAt gRha Ane para sabhI loga agni, jala, lauha, patthara kA sparza karate haiM tathA mirca ko mukha se sparza karate haiN| isa prakAra bhArata ke vibhinna kula, vaMza, jAti evaM janapadoM meM zavadAha kI apanI-apanI viziSTa paramparA hai| 5. ekala agni saMskAra - jaba pati-patnI kI mRtyu saMyogavaza eka sAtha ho jAtI hai to unakA dAha-saMskAra eka hI citA para liTAkara kiyA jAtA hai| 6. jala-samAdhi - saMnyAsI tathA mahAmArI evaM sarpadaMza se marane vAle logoM ke zava

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 115 ko nadI ke jala meM visarjita kara dete haiM, ise jala-samAdhi ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| 7. bhU-samAdhi - bhAratIya paramparAnusAra pA~ca varSa taka ke baccoM tathA pravAhita nadI samIpa na hone para sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM evaM mahAmArI meM marane vAloM ke zava ko bhU-samAdhi de dI jAtI hai| 8. parNanara dAha - kabhI-kabhI kisI paristhitivizeSavaza mRtaka kA zarIra dAha karane yogya avasthA meM prApta nahIM hotA, mRtaka kI mAtra asthiyA~ hI upalabdha hotI haiN| aisI sthiti meM asthiyoM para ghI chir3akakara tathA vastra se use Dhakakara sAmAnya rIti se hI dAha-saMskAra karanA caahie| kintu yadi asthiyA~ bhI upalabdha na hoM athavA vyakti ke bAre meM bahuta dinoM taka koI sUcanA na prApta ho to palAza athavA TesU ke tIna sau ATha pattoM se vidhipUrvaka putalA (parNanara) banAkara dAha-saMskAra karanA caahie| isakA ullekha Adi purANa meM milatA hai| gRhya pariziSTa meM AzvalAyana ke kathanAnusAra sira ke liye cAlIsa, gardana ke liye dasa, donoM bA~hoM ke liye sau, aMguliyoM tathA chAtI ke liye tIsa, peTa ke liye battIsa, jJAnendriyoM ke liye cAra, aNDakoza ke liye cha:, donoM jA~ghoM ke liye sau, ghuTane ke jor3a ke UparI bhAga ke liye tIsa nathA paira kI aMguliyoM ke liye dasa patte lene kA vidhAna hai| pattoM ko cittIdAra hiraNa kI camar3I meM lapeTakara Una ke dhAge se bA~dha denA cAhie phira acchI taraha pIse hue jau ke ATe kA pAnI meM lepa banAkara usa para car3hA denA caahie| isa prakAra vidhivata nirmita parNanara kA dAha-saMskAra kara denA caahie| brAhmaNAdi vargoM ke parNanara kA dAha-saMskAra azauca ke bhItara hI kramazaH AThaveM, dasaveM, terahaveM, aura aTThAIsaveM dina karanA caahie| paradeza meM gaye hue vyakti ke bAre meM yadi paMdraha varSa se Upara taka koI sUcanA na mile to isI vidhi se usakA saMskAra karanA caahie| saMskAra kI tithi ke nirdhAraNa ke liye jisa mahIne kI jisa tithi ko vaha vyakti gRha se bAhara nikalA ho usI tithi meM, yadi tithi yAda na ho to usa mAsa kI amAvasyA ko, yadi mAsa bhI smaraNa na rahe to ASAr3ha kI amAvasyA meM yaha kriyA karanI caahie| 9. azauca - mRtaka vyakti ke grAmajanoM, jIvita saMbaMdhiyoM tathA kula ke sabhI logoM ko eka nizcit avadhi taka azauca kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| isa avadhi meM unake liye koI bhI zubha-azubha dhArmika athavA sAmAjika kArya karanA niSiddha hotA hai| isa niSedha ke kAraNa kA kisI bhI graMtha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| isake mUla meM cAhe jo bhI dhArmika, bhAvanAtmaka kAraNa athavA dhAraNA rahI ho para anumAnataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki isakA pracalana kisI sImA taka zava kI saMkrAmaka prakRti ke kAraNa

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116 . mRtyu kI dastaka hI huA hogaa| zava kA sparza prAyaH sabhI pradezoM meM varjita mAnA jAtA hai aura isameM atyadhika sAvadhAnI baratI jAtI hai| azauca kA kAla aura prabhAva kSetra mRtaka kI jAti, Ayu aura liMga ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| gRhya-sUtra azauca kI sAdhAraNa avadhi brAhmaNa tathA kSatriya ke liye dasa dina aura vaizya tathA zUdra ke liye kramazaH paMdraha dina tathA eka mAsa batAte haiN| pArAzara smRti ke anusAra agnihotra evaM veda kA svAdhyAya karane vAlA brAhmaNa eka dina meM, mAtra veda kA svAdhyAya karane vAlA tIna dina meM tathA donoM kI upekSA karane vAlA dasa dinoM meM zuddha ho jAtA hai| bAlaka kI mRtyu se alpa azauca hotA hai| do varSa se kama Ayu ke bAlaka kI mRtyu se mAtra mAtA-pitA ko hI eka yA tIna rAtri kA azauca hotA hai| dA~ta nikala Ane tathA cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra hone ke pazcAt mRtyu hone para samasta bAMdhava azuddha ho jAte haiN| nAmakaraNa ke pUrva mRtyu para koI azauca nahIM hotaa| gRhya-sUtra strI-puruSa ke liye alaga-alaga azauca kI avadhi kI koI vyavasthA nahIM dete parantu smRtiyoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| kanyA vivAha se pUrva zizuvata mAnI jAtI hai aura usakI mRtyu se tIna dinoM kA azauca hotA hai| cUr3AkaraNa se pUrva mRtyu ho jAne para azauca eka dina kA hotA hai| pitA kI mRtyu mAtA ke pUrva hone para pitA kI mRtyu ke azauca ke sAtha hI mAtA kI mRtyu kA azauca samApta ho jAtA hai| parantu mAtA kI mRtyu pahale ho jAne para azauca pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya se Arambha hotA hai| gRhyasUtrAnusAra kulapurohita, svasura, vaivAhika saMbaMdhI tathA bhAnajoM kI mRtyu hone para azauca vyakti kI icchA para nirbhara karatA hai| kintu dharmasUtra aura smRtiyoM meM ise anivArya kahA gayA hai| azauca kI avadhi mRtaka se saMbaMdha kI nikaTatA ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| 10. asthi saMcaya - sanAtana dharma aura saMskRti meM pracalita mRtyu ke karmakANDoM meM dAha saMskAra ke bAda asthi saMcaya karane kI paramparA hai| vastutaH yaha eka Adima prathA ko saMrakSita karane kA prayAsa hai| sUtrakAla meM zava kA dAha kara dene ke bAda prAcIna paramparA kI rakSA ke liye asthi avazeSoM ke saMcayana aura "nikhAta" kI paramparA Arambha ho gayI thii| AzvalAyana ke anusAra yaha kriyA mRtyu ke terahaveM yA paMdrahaveM dina karanI cAhie, jabaki baudhAyana isakA vidhAna dAha ke dina se tIsare, pA~caveM athavA sAtaveM dina karate haiN| isa kriyA meM sarvaprathama citA ko dUdha aura jala se siMcita karanA cAhie tatpazcAt asthiyoM ko pRthaka karane ke liye audumbara yA gUlara kI lakar3I se unheM haTAnA caahie| yaha kriyA maMtroccAraNa ke sAtha karanI caahie| taittiriyoM meM varNita vyavasthA ke anusAra asthi saMcayana kA adhikAra mRtaka kI pahalI

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 117 patnI ko thaa| baudhAyana ne isa kriyA hetu eka maMtra kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai - "yahA~ se uTho aura navIna svarUpa dhAraNa karo, apane deha ke kisI bhI avayava ko na chodd'o| tuma kisI bhI loka ko jAnA cAho, jaao| savitA tumheM sthApita kareM, yaha tumhArI eka asthi hai, tuma aizvarya meM tRtIya se yukta ho, sampUrNa asthiyoM se yukta hokara sundara bano, tuma devoM ke liye priya bno|" isa zloka meM asthi saMcayana kA prayojana spaSTa huA hai| tatkAlIna prathAnusAra asthiyoM kA prakSAlana kara eka pAtra meM rakha zamI vRkSa kI zAkhA se laTakA diyA jAtA thaa| AzvalAyana striyoM ke liye chidrayukta pAtra tathA puruSoM ke liye binA chidra ke pAtra kA vidhAna karate haiN| sUtra-yuga ke bAda isa paddhati meM AmUla parivartana ho gyaa| nadiyoM kI pavitratA bar3ha gyii| dAha-saMskAra sAmAnyataH nadiyoM ke taTa para hone lge| isI krama meM vartamAna meM dAha-kriyA karane vAlA vyakti dAha ke tatkAla pazcAt avazeSoM ko jala meM pravAhita kara detA hai athavA kisI ekAMta Usara meM DAla detA hai| zmazAna - pitRmedha yA zmazAna arthAt mRtaka ke avazeSoM para samAdhi nirmANa karanA bhI antyeSTi-saMskAra ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM IsAI evaM islAma dharma meM mRtaka ke zarIra para sAmarthyAnusAra samAdhi athavA makabare kA nirmANa karane kI paramparA hai| samAdhi nirmANa kA ullekha vedoM meM nahIM miltaa| parantu yaha isa prathA ke apracalita hone kA pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki karmakANDa ke pramukha grantha "brAhmaNa" meM isakA vivaraNa milatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM isakA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| samakAlIna sabhI gRhya-sUtroM meM isakA ullekha na hone se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki samAdhi nirmANa kI prathA sabhI sthAnoM meM pracalita nahIM thii| zAstrakAroM ne yaha sammAna mahAn siddha mahAtmAoM tathA saMnyAsiyoM ke liye vizeSa rUpa se surakSita kiyA hai| Adhunika hindU samAja meM yaha paramparA sAmAnyataH lupta hai| samAdhi nirmANa kisake liye, kisa samaya tathA kisa sthAna para kI jAe, ina viSayoM para aneka matabheda haiN| mRtyu ke pazcAt varSa ke Rtu, adhiSThAtA nakSatra, ityAdi ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA hai| inameM bhI zukla pakSa pratipadA ko pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| samAdhi nirmANa ke liye sthAna kA cunAva kara eka dina pUrva kucha paudhe lagA diye jAte haiN| paudhe se uttara dizA meM bhUmi khoda dete haiM tathA nikalI huI miTTI se 600 se lekara 2400 taka IMTeM banAyI jAtI haiN| bhasmAvazeSa kA pAtra bhUmi para palAza kI tIna TahaniyoM ke bIca rakha usa para eka jhoMpar3I kA nirmANa kara diyA jAtA hai| vAdyayaMtroM

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118 . mRtyu kI dastaka kI dhvani ke sAtha upasthita vyakti usa sthAna kI pradakSiNA karate haiN| bhinna sampradAyoM meM isa paddhati meM bheda pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra nirmita racanA mRtyu kA pratIka samajhI jAtI hai aura jIvaloka ko mRtyuloka se pRthak karane ke liye maMtroccAraNa karate hue miTTI ke DheroM, pattharoM aura vRkSoM kI zAkhAoM se sImA rekhA banA dI jAtI hai| antyeSTi-kriyAe~ punaH-punaH duharAyI jAne tathA vistRta hone para bhI atyanta sAdhAraNa haiN| sAdhAraNatayA dharma ke kisI bhI kSetra meM Adima AsthA itane jvalanta rUpa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai jitanA antyeSTi-kriyAoM meM hai| paraloka isa loka kA dUsarA pratirUpa hai aura mRtaka kI AvazyakatAe~ bhI ve hI haiM jo jIvita vyakti kI hotI haiN| mRtaka saMskAra kI sabhI kriyAoM meM mRta vyakti ke viSaya-bhoga tathA sukha-suvidhAoM ke liye prArthanAe~ kI jAtI haiN| hameM usake AdhyAtmika lAbha athavA mokSa ke liye icchA kA bahuta kama saMketa milatA hai| janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukti kI prArthanAe~ bahuta kama haiN| usakA udaya karmakANDa ke vikAsa kI navInatama zRMkhalA meM jAkara hI ho skaa| saMpUrNa saMskAra prAyaH Adima prakAra kA hai aura vaha atyaMta sudUra atIta meM udbhUtaM vizvAsa kI sUcanA detA hai| Adima vizvAsoM aura paddhatiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa saMskAra meM ihalaukika pariSkAra aura pAralaukika paramArtha ke katipaya tattva vartamAna haiN| vyaktigata, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika svacchatA aura svAsthya kA isameM pUrA prAvadhAna hai| viyoga se utpanna zoka ko dUra karane ke liye isameM vividha upAya kie gae haiN| pretAtmA ke Urdhvagamana aura AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke liye isameM paryApta saMketa milate 12. dazagAtra zrAddhakarma - ise dazagAtra piNDadAna bhI kahate haiN| laukika- paramparAnusAra mRtyu athavA dAha-saMskAra ke dina se kartA mRtaka ke aMgapUrNArtha dasa dina taka, pratidina eka piNDa ke hisAba se dasa piNDa kA dAna karatA hai| ye dasa piNDa kramazaH sira:pUraka, karNAkSikamya, nAsikApUraka, mosabhujapakSapUraka, nAbhi, liMga, gudApUraka, jAnujaMghApAdaNupUraka, sarvamarmapUraka, sarvanAdipUraka, danta lobhAdipUraka, vIryapUraka evaM pUrNatattvatriptakSudIyaparyayapUraka hote haiN| bhaviSyapurANAnusAra gRhadvAre zmazAne vA tIrtha devagRhepi vaa| yatrAdye dIyate piNDastra sarva samAcareta / / arthAt piNDadAna ghara ke daravAje para, zmazAna meM, tIrtha meM athavA deva maMdira meM karanA caahie| AzvalAyana ke anusAra

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 119 asagotraH sagotro vA yadi vA strI yadi vA pumaan| prathamehani yo dadyAt dazAhaM dazagAtraM samApayeta / / uparokta vacanAnusAra jo vyakti prathama piNDadAna karatA hai use dasa piNDa dAna karane par3ate haiN| yadi kisI kAraNavaza adhikArI kartA ke sthAna para koI anya vyakti dAhasaMskAra karatA hai to use dasa piNDa denA anivArya hai, sAtha hI vAstavika zrAddhAdhikArI kartA ko bhI dasaveM dina dasa piNDa dene hote haiN| piNDa-dAna kAla meM piNDazeSAnna ko piNDa ke cAroM ora bikhera diyA jAtA hai| aisI paurANika mAnyatA hai ki mRtaka jo preta rUpa meM hotA hai zrAddhaparyanta isI piNDa-zeSAnna ko grahaNa karatA hai| 13. paMcanakha athavA kSaurakarma - laukika paramparAnusAra mRtaka ke athavA dAha-saMskAra ke dasaveM dina kartA sahita eka vaMza ke sabhI loga paMcanakha athavA kSaurakarma karAte haiN| paMcanakha kA Azaya bAla, mUMcha, dAr3hI, hAthoM evaM pairoM ke nAkhUnoM ko kaTavAne se hai| kSaurakarma ke liye kula, parivAra ke loga jo azauca meM hote haiM, tathA parivAra ke zubhecchugaNa bhale hI ve kisI bhI jAti evaM dharma ke hoM sabhI eka sthAna para ekatra hote haiN| kSaurakarma ke uparAMta ye loga kartA ke sAtha snAna karate haiN| vivAhita kanyA tathA vigotrI tIsare dina hI paMcanakha kaTavAte haiN| dasaveM dina sUryAsta ke bAda zrAddha kartA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI sagotra bAMdhava azauca se mukta hokara pavitra ho jAte haiN| . madhyamA kriyA dazagAtra ke pazcAt sapiNDIkaraNa taka ke zrAddha karma ko madhyamA kriyA ke aMtargata rakhA gayA 1. ekAdazAha zrAddhakarma - zAstroM ke anusAra gyArahaveM dina SoDzI zrAddha kA pramukha zrAddha jise Adya zrAddha kahate haiM, sampAdita karAyA jAtA hai| yadi mRtaka kI mRtyu asAmayika athavA kisI durghaTanAvaza hotI hai to usakI zAMti ke liye nArAyaNabali zrAddhakarma kiyA jAtA hai| mithilA meM nArAyaNabali ke sthAna para ekAdazAha zrAddha karma ke pUrva zaiyyAdAna, kAMcana puruSa, godAna, chatradAna, upAnahadAna (jUtAdAna) ye paMcadAna kiye jAte haiN| 2. vRSotsarga zrAddhakarma - kucha loga ekAdazAha zrAddhakarma ke sAtha vRSotsarga zrAddha bhI karate haiN| isa vizeSa zrAddha ke pUrva mahAbrAhmaNa kI patnI kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt eka bachar3e ko cakra se dAgakara cAra bachiyoM ke sAtha sA~r3a banane ke liye chor3a diyA jAtA hai| sanAtana (hindU) dharmazAstroM ke anusAra sadhavA strI ke zrAddha meM vRSotsarga zrAddha kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 3. sAmAnyotsarga athavA vastudAna - hindU laukika paramparAnusAra dAhakarma ke gyArahaveM athavA terahaveM dina mRtaka kI svarga prApti kI kAmanA se brAhmaNa ko gharelU

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120 . mRtyu kI dastaka upayoga kI vastue~ yathA bartana, vastra, gRha, vRkSa (phaladAra), bhUmi, varSa bhojana, ityAdi vastue~ dAna meM dI jAtI haiN| 4. dvAdazAha zrAddhakarma - mRtyu ke pazcAt bArahaveM dina kA karmakAMDa dvAdazAha zrAddhakarma ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha karmakAMDa do bhAgoM meM sampAdita hotA hai - (a) mAsika (ba) spinnddiikrnn| (a) mAsika- sarvaprathama isa dina Sor3asa zrAddhAMtargata caudaha mAsika zrAddhakarma kiye jAte haiN| varSa ke bhItara adhimAsa hone para caudaha ke sthAna para paMdraha.mAsika zrAddhakarma karane par3ate haiN| prAcIna kAla meM mRtyu kI tithi para ye zrAddha varSaparyanta pratyeka mahIne kiye jAte the| varSa meM jahA~ bAraha mahIne hote haiM vahIM mAsika zrAddha caudaha kiye jAte haiN| aisI zAstrIya mAnyatA hai ki mRtyuloka evaM baikuNTha ke bIca meM cha:-cha: mahIne para do par3Ava Ate haiM isaliye mAsika zrAddha meM SaSTama evaM saptama mAsika ko unaSAnamAsika evaM pAnamAsika aura terahaveM evaM caudahaveM mAsika ko avArSika evaM vArSika kahate haiN| (ba) sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddhakarma - aisI mAnyatA hai ki sthUla zarIra kA tyAga karane ke pazcAt jIvAtmA preta yoni dhAraNa karatI hai tathA isa yoni se mukti pAye binA vaha punaH nayA zarIra dhAraNa nahIM kara sktii| sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddha ke dvArA jIvAtmA ko isa pretattva se mukti prApta ho jAtI hai| isa zrAddha meM mRtaka ke pUrva kI tIna pIr3hiyoM ko sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| ina tIna pIr3hiyoM se Upara ke pitaroM ko devatulya mAnA jAtA hai, unakI vizvadeva ke rUpa meM pUjA kI jAtI hai| sarvaprathama mRtaka tathA mRtaka se tIna pIr3hI pUrva ke pitaroM hetu piNDa banAye jAte haiN| mRtaka ke piNDa ko svarNa, rajata athavA kuza kI zalAkA se tIna khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kara eka-eka khaNDa ko kramazaH zeSa tInoM piNDoM ke sAtha milAte haiM tatpazcAt ina sabhI piNDoM ko eka sAtha sammilita kara dete haiN| isa kriyA ko "piNDa sammelana" yA "pitara milana" kahate haiN| piNDa sammelana nimnalikhita kramAnusAra hotA hai - 1. mRtaka puruSa kA pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ke saath| 2. mRtaka puruSa ke pitA ke jIvita rahane para pitAmaha, prapitAmaha evaM vRddha-prapitAmaha ke saath| 3. saubhAgyavatI strI kA pati ke kula kI strI ke sAtha tIna pIr3hiyoM tk| 4. vidhavA strI kA pati evaM pati ke pUrva puruSoM kI do pIr3hiyoM ke saath|

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 121 piNDa-sammelana ke pazcAt mRtaka ke nAma ke sAtha preta zabda kA sambodhana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| uttara kriyA bhAratIya saMskRti meM hindU paramparAnusAra mRtyu ke karmakANDa kI uttara kriyA atyanta vRhad, vyApaka aura vilakSaNa hai, jo kisI anya dharma evaM sampradAya meM nahIM dikhtii| ye kriyAyeM pIr3hIdara-pIr3hI calatI rahatI haiN| inameM pramukha uttara kriyAyeM nimnalikhita haiM - 1. vArSika zrAddhakarma - yaha zrAddha pratyeka varSa mRtyu kI tithi para kiyA jAtA hai| prathama vArSika zrAddha ke pUrva ghara meM koI mAMgalika kArya nahIM kiye jAte haiN| isase eka varSa kA pArivArika zoka pradarzita hotA hai| pratyeka varSa mRtaka kA vArSika zrAddha (ekodiSTa zrAddha) taba taka kiyA jAtA hai jaba taka ki usakA koI putra jIvita 2. gayA zrAddhakarma - pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kartA parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM kI anumati lekara apane pUrvajoM kA gayA (bhArata meM bihAra pradeza kA eka jilA tathA nagara) meM zrAddhakarma karatA hai| gayA zrAddhakarma eka dina, tIna dina, sAta dina, pandraha dina evaM tIsa dina kI avadhi kA hotA hai| zrAddha kartA uparokta avadhi meM se apanI suvidhAnusAra kisI eka avadhi kA cayana karatA hai| mukhya rUpa se gayA meM cAra sthaloM para zrAddhakarma kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai| ye sthala kramazaH pretazilA, phAlgu nadI, viSNumaMdira aura akSayavaTa haiN| gayA meM hI zrAddha kartA eka piNDa viSNu ke hAthoM meM isa Azaya se samarpita karatA hai ki yadi kisI kAraNavaza usakA svayaM kA zrAddha na ho pAe to usa samaya yaha piNDa use bhagavAna zrI viSNu kI ora se vApasa mila jaae| 3. tIrtha zrAddha - hindU samAja kA koI vyakti jaba kisI tIrtha sthala kI yAtrA karatA hai to apanI kaulika paramparAnusAra una tIrthoM meM apane mRta pitaroM kA piNDadAna zrAddha karatA hai| tIrtha zrAddha meM brahmakapAlI (badrInAtha), prayAga evaM kAzI ke zrAddha kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai| 4. tripiNDI zrAddha - yaha zrAddha una mRtakoM ke uddhAra ke nimitta kiyA jAtA hai jo janma lene se pUrva naSTa ho gaye athavA janma lete hI mRtyu ko prApta ho gaye athavA kisI kAraNavaza jinakA sAmayika zrAddha ucita vidhi-vidhAna se na ho pAyA ho| 5. pitRpakSa zrAddha - sampUrNa bhArata meM Azvina mAha ke kRSNa pakSa ko pitRpakSa kahA jAtA hai| viSNu purANa ke anusAra sabhI pitara isa avadhi meM mRtyuloka meM Agamana karate haiN| pitRpakSa kI avadhi meM koI bhI zubha kArya nahIM kiyA jaataa| pakSa bhara loga apane

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122 mRtyu kI dastaka mRta pitaroM kA jala se tarpaNa karate haiM aura mRta pitaroM ke nimitta usa tithi meM brAhmaNa* bhoja karAte haiN| 6. pArvaNa zrAddha - yaha zrAddha pitRpakSa meM mukhya rUpa se tIrtha sthaloM para kiyA jAtA hai| isameM krama se dvAdaza-daivata-pArvaNa zrAddha - pitA, pitAmaha, prapitAmaha, mAtA, pitAmahI, prapitAmahI, mAtAmaha, pramAtAmaha, vRddha prapitAmaha, mAtAmahI, pramAtAmahI, vRddhapramAtAmahI ke liye zrAddhakarma kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kucha sthAnoM para SoDaz daivata-pArvaNa zrAddha kA bhI vidhAna hai| 7. nandImukha zrAddha - hindU samAja meM pANigrahaNa (vivAha) evaM yajJopavIta Adi parama pAvana kAryoM se pUrva mRta pitaroM se AzIrvAda prApta karane kA vidhAna hai| ye zrAddha isI uddezya se kiye jAte haiN| isa zrAddha kA saMkalpa lene ke uparAMta vaMza meM mRtyu ho jAne para bhI yajJopavIta evaM vivAha saMskAra nahIM rukatA hai| sanAtana (hindU) samAja meM vyakti pUjA-pATha, darzana, tIrtha anuSThAna jaise dhArmika karmoM ko apane parivAra evaM svayaM kI samRddhi evaM kalyANa ke liye karatA hai| jabaki dUsarI ora mRtyu ke pazcAt mRtaka ke putroM dvArA jo vibhinna prakAra ke zrAddha kiye jAte haiM ve sirpha pitaroM kI mukti ke liye kiyA jAtA hai, jinase prAyaH vaha milA bhI nahIM hotA hai| bhAratIya samAja meM mRtyu ke ye saMskAra vaMza-paramparA evaM pArivArika ekatA kA vilakSaNa AdhAra prastuta karate haiN| dazagAtra zrAddha ke dasaveM dina jaba mRtaka ke parijana kSaura karAte haiM usa samaya sabhI puruSa sadasyoM ke cehare tathA sira kezavihIna hone ke kAraNa, eka jaise lagate haiN| unheM eka sAtha dekhakara aisA lagatA hai mAno zoka sAkSAt prakaTa ho gayA haiN| lekina pArivArika ekatA usa vipatti ko bhI AtmasAta kara letI hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt bAraha dinoM taka saMvedanA prakaTa karane vAle, jo bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM ke hote haiM, mRtaka ke parijanoM ko dhairya pradAna karate haiM jo usake zoka ko zamita karatA hai| zrAddhakarma ke samaya kartA jisa sthAna para zrAddha karatA hai sarvaprathama usa sthAna ke svAmI ke pUrvajoM ko zrAddhAnna arpita karatA hai, phira apane vaMza ke aise mRtakoM ko jinakI mRtyu kisI durghaTanAvaza yA akAla mRtyu huI ho unheM zrAddhAnna samarpita karane ke pazcAt hI mRtaka kA zrAddha karatA hai| isa prakAra ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika ekatA mRtyu ke karmakANDa ke dvArA siddha hotI hai| pitaroM se sambandhita parva (1) makara saMkrAnti - isa pAvana divasa para pitara pretattva se chUTe hue pUrvaja ke nimitta tila,cAvala, dAla, kambala Adi vastuoM ke dAna kA vidhAna hai| agahana mahIne meM dhAna kI phasala taiyAra hone para loga anna sarvaprathama apane pitaroM ko arpita karanA cAhate

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mRtyu kA karmakANDa 123 haiN| mAgha mAsa meM naye cAvala kI khicar3I logoM ko priya hone ke kAraNa apane pitaroM ko samarpita karane ke uparAMta hI svayaM grahaNa karate haiN| (2) meSa saMkrAnti - ise caitra mAha kI saMkrAMti ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| isa pAvana parva para pitaroM ke nimitta miTTI ke ghar3e meM jala bharakara usake sAtha sattU gur3a, bela, kakar3I evaM paMkhA dAna karane kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai| jau, canA, Ama kA TikorA, bela Adi vastue~ apane pitaroM ko arpita karane ke pazcAt hI svayaM khAne kI paramparA hai| garmI meM logoM ko apane liye zItala jala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai isIlie ve apane mRta pitaroM ke nimitta bhI ghaTadAna karate haiM jisase unheM zItala jala prApta ho ske| grAmINa kSetroM meM Aja bhI brAhmaNa ko chor3akara anya jAtiyA~ jo ghaTadAna karatI haiM, prAyaH eka mahIne taka dAna kiye hue ghar3e meM nitya jala bharakara dAna prAptakartA ke ghara subaha-zAma pahu~cAyA karatI haiN| yahA~ para dAnakartA kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hotA hai ki usake dvArA nitya ghar3e meM bharakara diyA jAne vAlA jala brAhmaNa nahIM pItA apitu usake mAdhyama se unake (dAnakartA ke) pitara ko prApta hotA hai| (3) akSaya tRtIyA - vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko akSaya tRtIyA ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| isa parama pAvana tithi meM vyakti apane pitaroM ke nimitta brAhmaNoM ko zarbata pilAte haiM evaM dakSiNA, yajJopavIta, pAna-supArI, Adi dete haiN| aisI dhArmika mAnyatA hai ki akSaya tRtIyA ke dina kiye gaye dhArmika kAryoM kA saMcita puNya kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA, vaha yuga-yugAMtara taka akSaya banA rahatA hai| zAstrIya mAnyatAnusAra akSaya tRtIyA ke dina kiye gaye dAna se arjita akSaya puNya kA phala, una pitaroM ko prApta hotA hai, jo kisI kAraNavaza svarga sukha pAne se vaMcita raha gaye hote haiN| zrAddhakarma ke dvArA hI vyakti mAtR-RNa evaM pitR-RNa se mukta hotA hai| zrAddhakarma ke daurAna kartA bAraha dinoM taka bahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| usakA bhojana atyanta sAtvika evaM namaka rahita hotA hai| kartA ko koI dUsarA vyakti zarIra se sparza isaliye nahIM karatA ki vaha apavitra hai, apitu isaliye ki vaha apane mRta mAtA yA pitA ko mokSa dilAne kA mArga prazasta karane ke parama pAvana kRtya meM lagA hotA hai| isaliye vaha kisI dUsare kArya meM bhAga nahIM letA hai| parivAra ke anya sadasya bhI isa kArya meM kartA kI madada karate haiN| dasa dinoM taka mRtaka ke parivAra ke sadasya garur3a purANa sunate haiM jisameM mRtyu ke pazcAt AtmA kI yAtrA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| . laukika jIvana meM mRtaka kA saMbaMdha apane parivAra meM hI kaI anya sadasyoM se acchA nahIM hotA parantu mRtyu ke pazcAt jo nUtana saMbaMdha banatA hai usameM sabhI sadasya mRtaka ko zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| maraNoparAMta use devatulya mAnate haiM, kyoMki unakA saMbaMdha aba

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124 . mRtyu kI dastaka alaukika hotA hai| devatA ke pazcAt sanAtana hindU samAja meM pitara kA hI sthAna hotA hai evaM aneka zubha kAryoM meM unakA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai evaM pUjA kI jAtI hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt antyeSTi se lekara zrAddhakarma taka vibhinna jAtiyA~ eka-dUsare kI sahAyatA karatI haiN| udAharaNa ke liye yadi kisI brAhmaNa kI mRtyu huI hai to kAzI meM agni Doma se lI jAtI hai| mahAbrAhmaNa antyeSTi karAtA hai, nAI paMcanakha kATatA hai evaM bAraha dinoM taka zrAddhakarma ke daurAna mahAbrAhmaNa evaM kartA kI sahAyatA pUrI zraddhA evaM lagana ke sAtha karatA hai| kumhAra miTTI kA bartana detA hai, Doma bA~sa kA bartana detA hai, bar3haI lakar3I kA sAmAna banAkara detA hai evaM sabhI sevA ke badale meM pAritoSika prApta karate haiN| hindU samAja meM mRtyu ke karmakANDa evaM anya sAmAjika kAryoM meM yajamAnI vyavasthA ke dvArA sabhI jAtiyoM ke loga eka-dUsare se baMdhe hue haiN| hindU samAja mRtyu ko hI jIvana kA aMta nahIM mAnatA balki mRtyu ke bAda bhI vyakti alaukika rUpa se pitara ke rUpa meM pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI jIvita rahatA hai| isa prakAra gItA meM varNita AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma kA saMdeza mRtyu ke pracalita karmakANDa dvArA siddha hotI hai| mRtyu ke karmakANDa kI vyApakatA sanAtana saMskRti kI eka anupama vyavasthA hai jo ise anya dharmoM evaM saMskRtiyoM se pRthak karatI hai| saMdarbha graMtha ktthopnissd| kRtyasArasamuccaya, zrImadamaranAtha jhA, caukhambhA surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, 2000 / shriimdbhgvdgiitaa| garur3a puraann| Brahmanic Ritual Tradition, B.N. Saraswati, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Simla, 1997. Death In Banaras, Jonathan P. Parry, Cambridge University Press, 1994 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1995 / zrAddha pArijAta, rudradatta pAThaka, viSNu prakAzana auraMgAbAda (bihAra) saMvat, 2057 | zrAddha paddhati, paM. rAmacandra jhA dvArA sampAdita, saMskRta sIriz2a caukhambhA, vaaraannsii|

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khaNDa 3 mRtyu aura Adhunika jJAna

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna - bhAnuzaMkara mehatA bhArata kA mahAkAvya hai mahAbhArata aura isake aMtargata kRSNa-arjuna saMvAda AtA hai jo zrImadbhagavadgItA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai aura sanAtanadharmiyoM ke liye "pavitra graMtha kI" mAnyatA prApta hai| yadyapi gItA meM bahuta kucha hai para vartamAna prasaMga kI dRSTi se usakA AraMbha "mRtyu" ke prazna se hI hotA hai| arjuna donoM hI pakSa kI senAoM meM khar3e apane priyajanoM ko dekhakara viSAda se bhara jAtA hai aura vicAra karatA hai ki kyA mujhe inheM mAra DAlanA hai| vaha apanI mRtyu se vicalita nahIM hai para dUsaroM kI mRtyu nahIM caahtaa| zrIkRSNa use samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki saMsAra kA niyama hai ki "jo janmA hai vaha maregA aura marane para punaH janma legaa|" isa prakAra zrIkRSNa bhAratIya darzana kI eka mAnyatA sthApita karate haiM - janma-maraNa ke cakra kii| ve yaha bhI sthApita karate haiM ki deha meM sthita AtmA nitya sanAtana hai, zAzvat hai aura deha ke naSTa hone para naSTa nahIM hotaa| deha aura AtmA ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jaise hama purAne kapar3e tyAgakara naye pahana lete haiM vaise hI AtmA bhI nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai| astu "mRtyu ke liye zoka karane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| - isI mahAkAvyaM ke zAMti-parva meM zarazayyA para par3e bhISma pitAmaha ke pAsa zrIkRSNa ke sAtha yudhiSThira Ate haiM, aura pitAmaha yudhiSThira ko upadeza dete haiN| yahA~ vyAsa ne kahA hai ki mRtyu eka vyakti hai, atyaMta ramaNIya aura sammohaka / vAstava meM vaha (mRtyu) eka kamanIya aura ramaNIya yuvatI hai| yaha mRtyu kA anUThA kAvya hai| - Age anuzAsana-parva meM pitAmaha mRtyu kA kAraNa batAte hue gautamI kI kathA sunAte haiN| gautamI ke putra ko sarpa ne kATa liyaa| zikArI arjuna sarpa ko pakar3akara gautamI ke samakSa lAtA hai| sarpa apane bacAva meM kahatA hai ki doSa merA nahIM mRtyu kA hai - usI ke Adeza para maiMne aisA kiyaa| mRtyu Akara kahatI hai - doSa merA nahIM hai, maiM to kAla kA Adeza pAlana

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128. mRtyu kI dastaka kara rahI thI aura kAla devatA kA bayAna hai ki ve bhI doSI nahIM haiM, yaha to mRta bAlaka kA karmaphala thaa| sarpa, mRtyu, kAla sabhI nimitta mAtra haiN| gautamI zikArI se sarpa ko mukta kara dene ko kahatI hai| yaha thI bhAratIya darzana kI mRtyu-saMbaMdhI dhaarnnaa| "mRtyu" eka rahasya hai jo Aja bhI samajhA nahIM jA sakA hai| sarvatra eka mAnyatA hai ki "AyA hai so jAyegA rAjA raMka phkiir'| phira bhI mana nahIM mAnatA aura prabuddha manISI lagAtAra usakA ciMtana karate rahate haiN| Adima jAti ke loga bhI "mRtyu kyA hai, kyoM hotI hai?" para vicAra karate the to atyaMta Adhunika vijJAnI bhI isI prazna se jUjha rahe haiN| aura jaba mRtyu AtI hai to dArzanika, vaijJAnika, jJAnI aura paNDita avAk ho khar3e raha jAte haiN| kisI kA koI basa nahIM cltaa| Adhunika vijJAna ne bar3I pragati kI hai, bahuta se rahasya khule haiM, jIvana kI avadhi bar3hI hai, akAla mRtyu kI ghaTanAe~ kama huI haiM phira bhI mRtyu kaba, kyoM, kaise AyegI koI nahIM jaantaa| isa asahAyatA kA varNana maharSi aravinda sAvitrI meM bar3e sUkSma DhaMga se karate haiM - sAvitrI ke zabdoM meM - bhAna huA hama nahIM akele, koI AyA hai, cetana, vizAla aura dAruNa AyI hai koI mauna, aparicita chAyA kAlimA se usakI bujhA hai madhyAhna kA Aloka caturdika chA gayA hai eka bhayakArI sannATA mauna hai pakSI kalarava, mauna hai pazuoM kI cItkAra bhara gayA hai jagata AtaMka aura vedanA kI TIsa se , aura usa nirAkAra anAma mauna se .. pragaTI, kisI niSThura dUravartI devatA kI chAyA mAyAmaya vizvavilIna hotA usakI. zUnya sattA meN| mRtyu ke Agamana kI anubhUti zAyada kucha aisI hI hotI hai| Adima kAla se mAnava isa nirmama niyati ke viruddha saMgharSa karatA rahA hai aura yaha kevala socane-samajhane vAle prANI kI samasyA hai, mAnavetara prANI, pazu, pakSI, jIva, jantu, vRkSa, pAdapa sabhI sahaja bhAva se ise svIkAra kara lete haiN| Adima mAnava "ajJAta" se bhayabhIta thA, usakA jJAna sImita thaa| vaha dekhatA thA ki usakA sAthI jo abhI bola rahA thA, sahasA cupa kyoM ho gayA, sAMsa kyoM nahIM letA, hilatADulatA kyoM nahIM? apanI tarkazakti se vaha kahatA hai "zAyada yaha zatru ojhA kI zarArata hai yA kisI ajJAta devatA kA kopa? zarIra meM kyA thA jo nikala gayA?" aspaSTa rUpa se vaha "AtmA kI carcA karatA thaa| mRtyu se bacane ke liye vaha bali detA, pUjA-pATha karatA, ojhA kI sahAyatA letaa| "zava" ko surakSita karatA, usakI pUjA krtaa| usakA prazna thA kyA mRtyu ke bAda jIvana zeSa hotA hai aura mRtyu AtI kyoM hai?

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna 129 __ina praznoM neM "AtmA", "sola", "rUha" ko janma diyaa| binA AtmA ko samajhe mRtyu ko samajhanA kaThina hai| yaha "AtmA" AdamI ko vyaktitva tathA mAnavatA pradAna karatI hai| yaha AtmA hI "sva" hai, mana hai, prANa hai| aura Age yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki AtmA paramAtmA kA aMza hai aura mRtyu ke bAda bhI jIvita rahatI hai (jaisA gItA meM kahA gayA hai)| vizva bhara meM "AtmA" ke svarUpa, usakA zarIra se saMbaMdha, usakI amaratA aura udbhava para vicAra kiyA gayA hai, sabhI dezoM meM apane-apane DhaMga se| kyA sabhI jIvita prANiyoM meM AtmA hotI hai? - yaha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya thA kyoMki taba yadi kahA jAe ki "AtmA" kevala mAnava meM hotI hai to AtmAvihIna prANiyoM kI hiMsA jAyaja ho jaayegii| ___ prAcIna misra meM "dviAtmA" kA siddhAMta thA - "kA" (zvAsa, prANavAyu) maratI nahIM aura mRta zarIra ke pAsa maMDarAtI rahatI hai aura "bA" jo azarIrI hai maraNa ke bAda pitaroM ke loka meM calI jAtI hai| cIna kI mAnyatA thI ki eka "hIna" AtmA hotI hai jo bar3I saMvedanazIla hotI hai tathA mRtyu ke sAtha vilIna ho jAtI hai, dUsarI tarkasaMgata AtmA "hUna" jo maraNa ke bAda bhI jIvita rahatI hai aura pitara banatI hai, ataH pitara pUjana kI paraMparA hai| ___ hibrU kahate haiM ki AtmA zarIra kA abhinna aMga hai aura zarIra ke sAtha mara jAtA hai| Age isa vicAradhArA meM parivartana huA aura IthIriyala sola aura kaoNraporala sola kI bAta kahI jAne lgii| - yUnAna ke dArzanika mAnate the ki zarIra se AtmA bhinna hai| IsAI dharmaguruoM ne bhI isI bAta kA samarthana kiyaa| bhogavAdiyoM (epIkyUriyansa) ne kahA ki AtmA bhI zarIra kI bhA~ti paramANuoM se banatI hai aura zarIra ke sAtha hI bikhara jAtI hai| bhArata meM cArvAka ne kahA ki deha jala jAne ke bAda saba kucha samApta ho jAtA hai, punarjanma nahIM hotaa| __yUnAna ke aphalAtUna varga ke dArzanika kahate haiM - AtmA azarIrI hai, devatAoM jaisI hai phira bhI bhautika parivartanoM aura astitva meM zAmila hotI hai, jabaki arastu varga ke vicAraka kahate haiM - AtmA kA rUpa aspaSTa hai aura ise zarIra se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| IsAI sampradAya ke saMta agastIna ne kahA ki AtmA rathI hai aura zarIra vAhana / zarIra bhautika hai aura AtmA daivika para ve mAnate haiM ki zarIra se alaga AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| . madhyayugIna yUropa ke vidvAn thAmasa ekvinA ne yUnAnI darzana kA samarthana karate hue kahA ki AtmA hI zarIra kI niyaMtraka hai para apane Apa meM svataMtra hai| __ renesAM yuga ke purodhA - rene De kArTesa ne kahA ki manuSya AtmA aura zarIra kA saMyoga hai| donoM alaga haiM para eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| unake liye mana hI AtmA hai| prasiddha dArzanika spinojA mAnate haiM ki zarIra aura AtmA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| jabaki

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130. mRtyu kI dastaka eka aura prasiddha dArzanika imenyUla kAMta ke vicAra se "tarka dvArA AtmA ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA" ataH mana ko hI nirNaya karanA hogA ki AtmA kA astitva hai, aura isa niSkarSa ke bAda hI naitikatA aura dhArmikatA kA vikAsa saMbhava hogaa| Age bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM viliyama jemsa ne sthApita kiyA ki AtmA nahIM hai - kevala mana kI kapola-kalpanA mAtra hai| bhAratIya darzana bhI mAnatA hai ki zarIra eka ratha hai jisameM indriyoM ke ghor3e jute haiM aura AtmA rathI hai| isa AtmA aura zarIra kI kalpanA meM eka aura vicAra jor3a leM ki kyA mRta zarIra punaH jIvita ho sakatA hai? kyoMki isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para misra meM zavoM kA mamIkaraNa kiyA gayA, zavoM ko daphana kiyA gayA aura pratIkSA kAla kI avadhi ke liye sukha sAdhana kA prabaMdha kiyA gyaa| anya logoM ne zarIra ko nazvara mAnakara kahA yaha paMca-tattva se banA hai ataH ise agni ko samarpita kara prakRti ke tattvoM ko lauTA denA caahiye| rahI "AtmA' kI bAta to maraNoparAMta usakI yAtrA kI kalpanA bhI kara ddaalii| __ mRtyu kA kSaNa Aja bhI utanA hI alaukika, rahasyamaya aura bhayakAraka hai| sahI hai ki hara vyakti mRtyu kA sAmanA apane DhaMga se karatA hai, zahIda haMsate hue phAMsI car3ha jAtA hai, maMsUra ko sUlI car3hate hue lagA ki usakI zAdI ho rahI hai, saMta zAMta bhAva se mRtyu kA varaNa karate haiM, to dUsare kAMpate haiM, AtaMkita ho guhAra karate haiM ki bacA lo, para vaha nirmama kucha bhI nahIM suntaa| mRtyu kaisI hai? kyA marane meM bahuta kaSTa hotA hai yA sirpha ciranidrA hai, sahaja aura sukhada hai? ina praznoM kA uttara nahIM milatA, kyoMki jo usa pAra gaye lauTakara nahIM aaye| avazya hI kucha loga marane ke bAda jI uThe haiM aura maraNoparAMta anubhava batAte bhI haiM, para unake anubhava kI mAnyatA kahA~ taka hai yaha bhI eka prazna hai| eka bAta eka hada taka sahI pratIta hotI hai ki yadi mRtyu ciraMtana nidrA hai aura nIMda Ane meM koI kaSTa nahIM hotA to phira mRtyu meM kyoM hogA? yadi zarIra se alaga koI caitanya AtmA hai to isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| AdivAsI avazya mAnate haiM ki ojhA AtmA curA lete haiM, dUsare ojhA AtmA ko pakar3ane ke upakaraNa banAte haiN| ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki nidrAvasthA meM AtmA zarIra se nikalakara saira karane calI jAtI hai| mRtyu kA Agamana purAnI kalpanA meM mRtyu devatA yama aura unake svarUpa kI, yamadUtoM ke svarUpa kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, bhArata hI nahIM sarvatra hii| yamarAja bhaiMse para baiThe, bhayaMkara rUpa vAle hote haiM, unake sAtha unake lipika citragupta bhI hote haiM jo sabhI kA lekhAjokhA rakhate haiN| jIvana kI avadhi zeSa hone para yama ke dUta lene Ate haiM - ye bhI sIMga.pUMchadhArI bhayaMkara rAkSasa rUpa hote haiN| unake hAtha meM AtmA ko bAMdhane ke liye phaMdA aura gadA bhI hotI hai| purANakAroM ne kalpanA kI

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna 131 ki bhagavAna viSNu apane bhaktoM ke liye apane dUta bhejate haiM jo yamadUtoM ko mAra bhagAte haiN| aisI hI kalpanA anya dezoM meM bhI hai| ___ usa pAra - yamaloka hai, svarga hai, naraka hai, paraloka hai| jaba pRthvI sapATa thI to Upara sAta loka the aura nIce bhI sAta lok| inake alAvA viSNuloka, goloka, kailAza, Adi kI bhI kalpanA kI gyii| yAtrA ke daurAna preta ko vaitaraNI pAra karanI hotI hai, usakA phaisalA hotA hai aura vaha eka avadhi ke liye naraka yA svarga prApta karatA hai| purANoM meM narakoM kA vizad varNana hai aura svargaloka kA madhura svarUpa bhI batAyA hai, para avadhi pUrI hone para lauTakara phira AnA hotA hai| isa punarjanma se - "punarapi jananam, punarapi maraNam, punarapi jananI jaThare zayanam ke cakkara se chUTane kA upAya hai - mokSa / isa kalpanA meM kahA gayA hai ki cakkara se chUTakara AtmA paramAtmA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| __nAstikaM aura vijJAnavAdI ke liye mRtyu kA artha hai jIvana kI halacala kI parisamApti, sA~sa ke carakhe kA ruka jaanaa| ve kahate haiM vyartha kA vivAda hai kyoMki isameM koI romAMsa nahIM hai| para hegala jaisA dArzanika kahatA hai - "kyoMki prema kA artha hai apane vyaktitva, sampatti sabakA tyAga aura mRtyu svayaM prema hai, mRtyu meM hI prema kI paramAvadhi udghATita hotI hai.|" IsA mRtyu ko jIvana kA pariSkAra mAnate haiM, mRtyu pahelI nahIM anaMta yAtrA kA samAdhAna hai, svarga kA mArga hai| sukarAta viSapAna kara jaba mRtyu ke pAsa pahu~cA to AnaMda vibhora ho gayA, usakI AdhyAtmika zodha kI vaha carama pariNati thii| gurudeva ravIndranAtha ne prArthanA kI "he prabhu, merI yAtrA ke karNadhAra bano, yAtrA AraMbha ho gayI hai| kiMtu astitvavAdI sArca nirAza hai, vaha mRtyu ko DhUMDha nahIM pAtA kyoMki vaha zodha se pare hai, sabhI anumAnoM ko jhuThalAtI hai| , Aiye yoga kI khir3akI se maraNa ko dekheN| yoga ke anusAra zarIra ke pA~ca AvaraNa haiM - annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya aura AnaMdamaya / bar3I rocaka avadhAraNA hai| mRtyu ke samaya annamaya meM baiThI jIvana-zakti yA cetanA prANa-mana-vijJAna kozoM ko pAra karatI AnaMdamaya koza meM tirohita ho jAtI hai| yahI cetanA yA AtmA prANa-zakti se spaMdita hokara nayA avatAra grahaNa karane kI pratIkSA karatI hai yA phira paramAtmA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| yoga sAdhanA se samAdhi avasthA (AnaMdamaya sthiti) yA sacetana mRtyu prApta kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya prajJA ihaloka kA moha tyAgakara amRtattva kI zodha ko zreyaskara mAnatA hai| prArthanA karatA hai "mRtyormAmRtamagamaya" / isI maMtra kA saMbala pAkara naciketA yama ke dvAra khaTakhaTAne kA sAhasa kara sakA, svayaM mRtyudevatA se jIvana aura maraNa kA rahasya batAne kA anurodha kara skaa| mRtyu kA bhaya mRtyu se bhI jyAdA bhayakAraka hai aura uparokta vivaraNa - usa pAra kA mohaka chalAvA usa bhaya ko dUra karane ke sAdhana haiN| kucha birale saMta kabIra jaise tAla ThoMkakara mRtyu kA AhvAna karate haiM - "hama na marai mari hai saMsArA" unakI rAya meM "kabirA ghara hai prema kA, khAlA kA ghara nAhi, zIza utAre bhuI ghare so paiThe ghara maahi|"

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132 . mRtyu kI dastaka ___ hamane dekhA ki AtmA zarIra meM praveza karatI hai to hama jI uThate haiM aura nikala jAtI hai to mara jAte haiN| para "AtmA" aura zarIra kA yoga kaba hotA hai? isa bAbata bhI aneka thyorI haiN| pAithAgorasa ne AtmA kA divya udbhava mAnA hai aura kahatA hai vaha zarIra se pahale thA aura bAda meM bhI rhegaa| aphalAtUna aura sukarAta bhI AtmA ko amara mAnate haiN| arastu AtmA kA eka aMza "nUsa" (NOUS) batAtA hai jo prajJA kI divyatA hai| IsAI mAnate haiM - amara AtmA Izvara kA sRjana hai aura garbhadhAraNa ke samaya zarIra meM praveza karatI hai| hiMdU vidvAn bhI mAnate haiM ki prANa yA Atman sRjana ke samaya utpanna hue aura zarIra meM baMdI hote haiN| maraNa ke samaya yaha zarIra ke piMjare se chUTakara dUsare zarIra meM praviSTa hotI hai aura punarjanma hotA hai| bar3e bhAga hoM to cakkara se mukti mila jAtI hai| yahA~. eka majedAra bAta kahI gayI hai ki isa piMjare ke dasa daravAje yA khir3akiyA~ haiM (indriyA~) aura kisI se bhI prANa nikala sakate haiN| "saiMyA nikasa gaye maiM nA lar3I thI, nA jAne kauna sI khir3akI khulI thii"| kahate haiM yogI ke prANa kapAla se nikalate haiN| aba eka aura prazna ubharatA hai, kyA maraNa kisI kSaNa vizeSa meM hotA hai? yaha kAnUnI prazna bhI hai kyoMki jaba kahate haiM unakI mRtyu itane bajakara itane minaTa para huI to kyA yaha satya hai? Aja ke yuga meM isa bAta para praznacihna laga gayA hai| purAne jamAne meM jaba hRdaya kA dhar3akanA baMda ho jAtA thA, sA~sa ruka jAtI thI to kahA jAtA thA ki prANa nikala gye| isa para hama Age vicAra kreNge| ___ maraNa ke sAtha janma kI, jIvana kI carcA bhI calatI hai| gItA meM bar3e pate kI bAta kahI gaI hai ki "mRtyu to janma ke sAtha hI zurU ho jAtI hai" yA kaheM garbha dhAraNa ke samaya hI mRtyu kI yAtrA AraMbha ho jAtI hai| navajAta, kizora aura yuvA kI mRtyu, akAla mRtyu kahI jAtI hai para koI jAtaka jaba pUrNa Ayu prApta karatA hai to iMdriyA~ zithila aura smRti zeSa ho jAtI hai aura taba cupake se mahAnidrA meM so jAtA hai to ise "sahaja mRtyu" kahate haiN| mRtyu kA vizeSa ciMtana mRtyudaNDa pAne vAlA yA AtmaghAta ko tatpara prANI karatA hai aura isake vividha rUpa haiN| sUphIvAdI ciMtana kAvyamaya hai| alI saradAra jApharI kahate haiM ki kalpanA kareM kisI ghATI meM tIvra gati se eka nadI baha rahI hai aura vyakti usa pravAha meM bahatA eka tinakA hai, phira eka teja lahara AtI hai, tinake ko uThAkara kinAre pheMka detI hai| nadI bahatI rahatI hai| hAlI ke zabdoM meM nadI ko to bAr3ha aura pravAha kI ciMtA hai| use kyA garaja ki nAva pAra lagatI hai yA majhadhAra meM DUba jAtI hai| akabara ilAhAbAdI pharamAte haiM "batAU~ tumako ki marane ke bAda kyA hogA, pulAva khAyeMge ahabAba, phAtihA hogaa|" thor3I carcA apane vAGmaya meM "mRtyu kI kara leN| Rgveda kahatA hai "paramamRtyo anuparehipaMtho / bhAratIya prajJA mRtyu ko paraloka aura punarjanma ke bIca kA dvAra mAnatI hai| ve adbhuta bAta kahate haiM (nAsadIya sUkta meM) ki sRSTi ke AraMbha meM mRtyu yA amaratA nahIM thii| Agama, purANa, taMtra tathA darzana meM vistAra se mRtyu aura jIva kI gati kI carcA kI gayI

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna 133 hai yathA pitRyAna, devayAna, devapatha, brahmapatha, yamapatha, pitRpatha, aadi| maharSi aravinda kahate haiM ki abhI itanI pragati nahIM huI ki hama binA parivartana ke cala sakeM, abhI sunamyatA kI kamI hai| "supara mAiNDa" prApta hone ke bAda hI amaratA mila sakatI hai| hamAre vAGmaya aura saMta vANI meM "mRtyu para apAra sAhitya upalabdha hai aura usakI carcA karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai| hama Adhunika yuga aura Adhunika vijJAna ke dRSTikoNa kI carcA kreNge| pahalA prazna hai - mRtyu kaba hotI hai? to anubhava nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa aura anusaMdhAna se jJAta huA hai ki mRtyu kisI eka kSaNa nahIM hotii| para isa kathana kA dhArmika, sAmAjika, pAraMparika, kAnUnI aura vaijJAnika pahalU hai| cikitsA vijJAna kI dRSTi se mastiSka mUla (brenasTema - jisameM madhya mastiSka, pAsa aura meDulA Ate haiM) ke kAryakalApa baMda hone ko mRtyu kaha sakate haiM kyoMki isI kSetra meM zvAsa aura hRdaya saMcAlana, rakta-saMcAra ke kendra hote haiM, yahI vaha kendra hai jo cetanA kA dvAra hai| yaha baMda huA to aTUTa behozI A jAtI hai| ucca mastiSka se vANI kA prAdurbhAva bhI mana se kaMTha taka isI mArga se AtA hai (mAne galA ruMdha jAtA hai)| zarIra meM svacAlita taMtrikA (simpetheTika) praNAlI hai jo zarIra ke sabhI kArya saMpAdita karatI hai| vaha bhI isI mArga meM hai| mastiSka mUla Thappa huA to cetanA, buddhi, jJAna sabhI kA saMnyAsa ho jAtA hai| yaha "mUla" kyoM kAma baMda karatA hai isakA vistRta adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| kAnUnI phAMsI kI prakriyA meM kazerUkA kI eka haDDI sahasA isa kSetra meM praviSTa ho prANa hara letI hai| aba "hArTa laMga" mazIna bana gayI hai, rogI ko isa mazIna se jor3a dene para vaha "jIvita" rahatA hai (varSoM jIvita raha sakatA hai)| san 1958 meM brenasTema Detha kI bAta phrAMsa ke taMtrikA vizeSajJoM ne uThAI aura kahA yaha "komA" (sannipAta) ke Age kI avasthA hai| bhArata meM yogadarzana meM samAdhi aura turIya avasthA kI bAta kI gayI hai| yahA~ hama brenasTema Detha ke vistAra meM nahIM jAyeMge para eka aura ulajhana kI carcA kreNge| mastiSka ke koSa binA rakta ke, binA oSajana ke tIna minaTa jIvita rahate haiN| ataH rakta saMcAra punaH prArambha karane, hRdaya kI dhar3akana zurU karane meM isase adhika vilaMba huA to rogI jIvita to ho jAtA hai para cetanArahita, sAgapAta yA udbhija jaisA ho jAtA hai (vejiTeTiva laaiph)| havA, pAnI, bhojana dete rahe to vaha jIvita rahegA para niSkriya / aba ise mRtyu kaheM yA jIvana? hama jAnate haiM ki sAMsa aura hRdayagati ruka jAne ke bAda kramazaH rakta kaNoM, kozoM kI mRtyu hotI hai, mAMsapeziyAM kucha ghaMToM meM maratI haiM (marane ke bAda zarIra kA akar3anA aura phira DhIlA par3a jaanaa)| keza bahuta samaya taka jIte haiM aura sabase aMta meM haDDiyA~ maratI haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM to paMca-tattva meM bhautika zarIra kA vilIna ho jAnA hI mRtyu hai aura yaha prakriyA kAphI samaya letI hai|

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134 . mRtyu kI dastaka paraMtu janma-maraNa kA khela to niraMtara calatA rahatA hai| hameM patA nahIM calatA para pratikSaNa zarIra ke haz2AroM koza mara jAte haiM aura haz2AroM naye banate haiN| mastiSka koza marate to lagAtAra haiM para naye nahIM bnte| phira bhI unakI saMkhyA itanI adhika hai ki patA nahIM calatA sivA isake ki vRddhAvasthA meM smRtidhvaMsa hone lagatI hai, vicAra zithila ho jAte haiM, indriyAM bhI dhImA kAma karatI haiN| isa mRtyu ko maoNlikyUlara Detha kahate haiM aura bar3I mauta ko maoNlara Detha / isI kAraNa Aja saMbhava ho sakA hai ki durghaTanA meM mare vyakti kA hRdaya yA gurde nikAla-kara dUsare prANI ko jIvana dAna de sake kyoMki ve jIvita hote haiN| maraNoparAMta netra kanInikA dAna to aba Ama bAta hai| ___ kyA batA sakate haiM ki "mRtyu" kisa kSaNa hogI? nahIM, hA~ jyotiSI, nAr3I vizeSajJa aisA dAvA karate haiN| eka pUrA nayA vijJAna utpanna ho gayA hai jo cira-yauvana aura amaratA kI zodha meM rata hai| saca pUchiye to Adhunika vijJAna kA janma hI amRta aura pArasa kI talAza meM huA hai| bahuta sI thyoriyA~ banI ki mRtyu kyoM hotI hai aura vaise hI upAya bhI batAye gaye para koI bhI saphala nahIM huaa| eka majedAra sthApanA sAmane AI ki kozoM ke bIca jo aMtarAla hai jisase koza ko prANavAyu aura poSaNa milatA hai vaha ucchiSTa se avaruddha ho jAtA hai to mRtyu ho jAtI hai| kiMtu abhI taka amarautI khAkara koI nahIM AyA / koI sau barasa jItA hai to koI yogI kaI sau varSa taka, para bacA koI nhiiN| svayaM dhanvantari jo amRta-ghaTa lekara Aye the ve bhI nahIM rhe| hamAre yahA~ ekamAtra udAharaNa hai mahAkAla-zaMkara kA jo viSapAna karake bhI jIvita rhe| kAla para vijaya kA yaha biralA udAharaNa hai| hama thor3I aura sUkSma carcA kreN| hamane Upara kahA ki koza marate haiM aura zarIra meM araboM koza haiN| aura hara koza jIvita hai - prANavAna hai| hara kSaNa zarIra meM janma-maraNa kA khela calatA hai para eka bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki usa samaya kyA hotA hai jaba samUcA deha nagara mara jAtA hai? kauna-sA saba para zAsana karane vAlA mahAprANa nikala jAtA hai? para kyA vAstava meM samagra mRtyu hotI hai? cArlsa DAravina ke vikAsavAda siddhAMta meM kahA gayA ki astitva ke liye saMgharSa hotA hai aura isake liye hara prANI apanI aura apanI prajAti kI rakSA ke aneka upAya karatA hai| cirajIvana kA eka upAya hai apanI prajAti kI utpatti aura prakRti ne vahA~ bhI atizaya prabaMdha kiye haiN| yadi kisI prANI ke sabhI aMDe mare nahIM to kucha hI samaya meM pRthvI para sthAna nahIM rhegaa| mAnava meM hI nara ke aMdara araboM zukrANu banate haiM aura nArI meM utpAdaka avasthA meM saikar3oM Dimba banate haiN| para inameM se kucha hI pUrNa nayA mAnava banAte haiN| yahA~ eka atyaMta sUkSma bAta hai pratyeka zukrANu jIvita hotA hai, pratyeka Dimba jIvita hotA hai aura ina do ke milana se eka jIvita bhrUNakoza banatA hai jo sampUrNa navamAnava banAne meM sakSama hai (TUTa jAye

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - prAcIna zAstra aura Adhunika jJAna 135 to do-cAra bhI banA sakatA hai)| arthAt bIca meM kahIM maraNa kA prazna nahIM aayaa| jIvana se hI jIvana kA udbhava huaa| "jIvanadrava" (proToplAjma) eka nadI hai| vaha sadA pravAhita rahatI hai - usameM bulabule uThate rahate haiM aura lupta ho jAte haiN| yaha nadI tabhI sUkhegI jaba prajAti naSTa ho jaaye| isa ciraMtana jIvana kI saMkalpanA bhArata ke RSiyoM ne kI thii| gayA zrAddha kI vidhi se karmakANDa kI bAta chor3a deM to atyaMta mahattvapUrNa bAta AtI hai ki putra viSNupadI ke samakSa sAkSI detA hai ki mere pitA ne dhArA tor3ane kA pApa nahIM kiyA, sAkSI rUpa meM upasthita huuN| prajanana hI amaratva hai| hamane jIvita koza kI carcA kii| koza kI racanA meM jAyeM to adbhuta tathya sAmane Ate haiN| koza niraMtara nirmANa kriyA meM lagA rahatA hai, vaha naye koza kI racanA bhI karatA hai| koza ke aMdara eka kendra hotA hai jo usase bhI adhika vismayajanaka hai| isa kendra meM guNasUtra hote haiM aura guNasUtra para saikar3oM gunnaannu| pratyeka guNANu prANI ke kisI bhI guNadoSa kA niyAmaka hai| aura ye guNANu haiM kyA? aNuoM ke puMja jo "aNoraNIyAna" kI kalpanA sAkAra karate haiN| jagat meM aNupuMja to bahuta haiM para ve apanA pratirUpa nahIM banA skte| kiMtu eka aisI paristhiti bhI AtI hai jaba kucha paramANu jur3ane para, unameM jaivaguNa A jAtA hai, ve jIvita ho uThate haiN| nirjIva aura jIvita kI kuMjI yahIM kahIM hai| mRtyu hone para ye asaMkhya paramANu (jo koza meM haiM) bikhara jAte haiM, kisI anya koza meM yA nirjIva aNupuMja meM jur3a jAte haiN| Apa bhale mArne koza mara gayA, prANI mara gayA para kevala sthAnAMtara hotA hai| . aura gahare utreN| ye aNu-paramANu haiM kyA? eka zaktipuMja kendra ke cAroM ora vidyutANu cakkara kATate haiN| samasta tattvoM meM mAtra eka aMtara hai| ina zakti biMduoM kI sNkhyaa| ye haiM kyA? padArtha yA spaMdana (zakti kA) koI nahIM jaantaa| phira isa sUkSma saura maMDala meM apAra avakAza hai| yadi ye zakti biMdu haiM to inake ekatra hone para vahI sthiti hogI jo brahmANDa ke samasta saura piNDoM ke ekatra hone para / ve itane choTe ho jAyeMge mAno apAra tama bhare jaMgala ke kone meM eka dIyA jala rahA ho| samasta aNu-paramANu ko tor3a deM to yaha pRthvI eka geMda barAbara bhI nahIM hogii| yaha kalpanA RSiyoM ne bhI kI aura Adhunika vijJAna bhI karatA hai| yaha paramANu jagat (piNDa meM bhI aura brahmANDa meM bhI) mahAzakti mahAmAyA kA khela mAtra hai - eka chalanA hai| jIvana-maraNa to usI khela ke do pahalU haiM - udbhava aura pralaya, purAtana aura nUtana na hoM to khela kaisA? usI ne amRta banAyA hai usI ne viSa bhii| aMta meM kAla tathA amara devatA bhI maraNa prApta karate haiM aura bAlamukuMda apanA khela sameTakara muskarAte haiN| jIvana-maraNa kA khela samajhane meM purAtana aura nUtana kA nahIM cazme kA farka hai| Aiye kabIra ke zabdoM meM lalakAreM "hama na marai mari hai saMsArA" aura nATaka meM apanI bhUmikA nibhAne ke bAda mahAnidrA meM kho jaayeN|

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mRtyu saccI yA jhUThI? - vijaya kumAra rAya kathA hai mahAbhArata kI / yakSa ne dharmarAja yudhiSThira se pUchA - "mahArAja, isa saMsAra meM, ApakI dRSTi meM, sarvopari Azcarya kyA dikhatA hai?" "dharmanandana ne tatkAla aura bekhaTaka uttara diyA - hara manuSya jIvana bhara hara jagaha mRtyu kA dRzya dekhatA hI rahatA hai, para, yaha acchI taraha jAnate hue bhI ki usakI bhI eka-na-eka dina mRtyu avazya hogI, use dRr3ha vizvAsa rahatA hai ki vaha mRtyuhIna hai| manuSya jIvana meM kitanA bar3A Azcarya hai yaha?" kitanA beDhaba biDaMbana aura upahAsyAspada prasaMga hai ki anta meM dharmendra dharmAcArya aura dharmAdhikArI mahArAja yudhiSThira ne apanI vivaza mAnasika asamarthatA kA ronA rote hue bhI svayaM ke aMtarjagat ko nitya aura zeSa hama sabhI ko anitya btaayaa| mRtyu se mukti kI koI AsAna yukti bhI to nahIM batA paaye| Akhira jIvana hai kyA? jIva kI aparimita yaatraa| jaba taka jIva caitanya aura cakSupratyakSa dikhatA hai use sajIva kahate haiN| sajIva kA prAraMbhika chora hai janma aura aMtima sirA hai mRtyu| donoM choroM ke bIca jItA rahatA hai jIvana | cAhe jisase pUcha lIjie ki tumhArA janma kaba huA thA? vaha turaMta kaha degA ki maiM jAnatA kahA~ hU~, mere janma ke bAre meM dUsare loga batAte haiN| para usa para bharosA kahA~ karatA hai? merA apanA anubhava to hai nahIM? janma hamArA aura batAe~ aura loga? ThIka isI taraha koI apanA maranA bhI nahIM jaantaa| auroM ke kahane para hI to logoM ko mAlUma hotA hai| to kyA janma aura mRtyu donoM hI jhUTha haiM? hama jIte rahate haiM do jhUThI bAtoM ke bIca meM? ___ baccA paidA hote hI rone kyoM lagatA hai? vaha batA to nahIM pAtA para prakRti ke rahasya ko jAnane vAle acchI taraha jAnate aura batAte haiM ki usake rone ke kAraNoM ko vaha jIvana bhara batAtA rahatA hai| janma lene ke bAda bhI isa gubbAre jaise phUlate-bar3hate brahmANDa meM vaha A

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 137 gayA, kahA~ se A gayA aura kaba se AtA rahA hai, use nahIM mAlUma / dhIre-dhIre use yaha bhI mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki vaha rahe yA nahIM duniyA to yoM hI rhegii| na jAne usane apane se, apanoM se jAnanA cAhA ki Akhira hamArA jIvana hai kyA? pUchane kI soca hI rahA thA ki adhyAtma, dharma, darzana, zAstra, guru, paMDita, vijJAna, Adi daur3a par3e uttara dene ko| unhoMne basa itanA bhara samajhA ki jIvana ke do sire haiM janma aura mRtyu, para koI nahIM batA pAyA ki janma ke pahale kyA aura mRtyu ke bAda kahA~ / vidvAn vijJoM aura atizaya abhijJoM kA jAnanAmAnanA hai ki hama jAneM yA nahIM, samajheM yA nahIM, hamArA jIvana kevala utanA hI nahIM jitanA janma aura mRtyu ke bIca kA caitanya, jIvaMta aura jIvita dazA hai| vaha to jIvadhArI kI asIma, ananta aura aparimita yAtrA hai| jIva kI anekAneka janma, mRtyu aura jIvana-lIlAe~ hotI rahatI haiN| bIca-bIca ke jIvanacarita to mArga ke asthAyI aura alpakAlika pathikAzraya aura ThikAne-par3Ava haiN| janma hone para loga khuzI aura Ananda manAte haiM aura mRtyu ke bAda duHkha manAyA jAtA hai| khuzI to choTI, para duHkha to bar3A bhArI hotA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki loga jIvana jIne meM itane vyasta rahate haiM ki jIvana kI vAstavikatA kA mUlya A~ka nahIM pAte, para jaba marane lagate haiM to jIvana kA mahattva, upayoga aura lAbha samajha meM Ane lagatA hai| jaba taka z2indagI kA mahattva samajha meM Ane lagatA hai taba taka mauta sAmane khar3I dikhane lagatI hai| saca to yaha hai ki janma ke bAda kA hara janmadivasa mRtyudivasa ko batAne vAlA mIla-patthara kA cihna hotA hai| umra kA bar3hanA arthAt Ayu kA ghttnaa| mRtyu kI chA~va tale hI to jIvana ko virAma, vizrAma aura ArAma milatA hai| mAnava sabhyatA aura saMskRti TikI hai kevala mRtyu ke bhaya pr| jIvana bhara marate rahane ke atirikta hama karate kyA haiM? ghara-parivAra, samAja-rASTra, maMdiramasjida, gurudvArA-girajAghara bane haiM aura Thahare haiM kevala mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayAtura aura bhayAkrAMta hokr| zarIra to rahatA kisI kA nhiiN| yoM, marane kA matalaba miTanA nahIM kevala rUpa kA badalanA hai| yaha parivartana sajIva-nirjIva donoM meM hotA hai| hama to mara-marakara rUpa badalate hI rahate haiN| khanija se badalakara vanaspati, phira pazu aura aise hI badalate-badalate Aja manuSya ke rUpa meM dikhAyI de rahe haiN| para hamArI sUrata hI badalI, vRttiyA~ to pazu kI hI haiN| janma aura mRtyu paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM, ve to jIvana ke do chora, do pA~va aura do pATa jaise haiN| isa parama zAzvat aura ananta jIvana meM inakA mahattva hI kyA hai aura kahA~ hai? mahattva to dUra rahA astitva bhI to nhiiN| janma to ho jAtA hai para jInA sIkhanA par3atA hai kyoMki manuSya jaise sarvocca udvikasita jIva kA janmajAta zizu itanA nikRSTa, nikammA aura nissahAya hai ki use kucha bhI nahIM AtA-jAtA, use saba kucha sIkha kara hI jAnanAsamajhanA par3atA hai| sIkhate jAnA hI jIvana kahalAtA hai| bIca meM use marane kI phursata bhI to nhiiN| kitanI bar3I bhUla hotI hai hamase, hama saba kucha sIkhanA cAhate haiM para maranA nhiiN| isIlie to use jIvana hI khojatA phiratA hai bar3e pyAra ke saath| yadi mRtyu ko acchI taraha

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138 . mRtyu kI dastaka jAna samajha gae aura use gale lagAne kI taiyArI kara cuke taba to mauta bhAgatI phiregI aura jahA~ isa taiyArI se cUke, vaha turaMta dhara dbocegii| sA~sa kA AnA-jAnA hI to jIte rahane kA pramANa hai| maranA to hai hRdayagati banda hone ke kAraNa sA~sa kA ruka jaanaa| hRdayagati yA sA~sa ke ruka jAne kA bhaya hI to marane kA bhaya paidA karatA hai| isa bhaya ke bhI kAraNa haiM mohapAza, ajJAna meM kI gayI ajJatA, apanI jijIviSA aura apanoM ko bhI banAte aura jilAte rahane kI tIvra AkAMkSA aura caahnaa| moha kA matalaba hI hai bhayabhIta rahanA, moha saphala to duHkha, asaphala to aura bhI duHkh| sArI mahattvAkAMkSA kI tIvra para atRpta tRSNA, pratiyogitA aura pratidvandvitA kI hor3a, pratispardhA aura lAgaDaoNTa kI daur3A-daur3I, maMdiramasjida devI-devatA tathA bhagavAna haiM, kevala aura kevala mRtyu ke pratikAra ke lie| hA~, apanI icchA se marane kI taiyArI bhI jIvana ko sArthaka aura sAbhiprAya banAne kI eka atyaMta upayogI vidhi hai| ___ mauta kA AnA-jAnA hI to jIvana hai| jo isa sUtra meM pUrA-pUrA vizvAsa karatA hai vahI parama sukhI rahatA hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki merA zarIra alaga hai aura maiM alaga hU~ to usase mauta svayaM Dara jAtI hai| patA nahIM yaha loga zabdoM kA khela mAnate haiM yA kevala dhArmikoM, AdhyAtmikoM, zAstrajJoM, sAMskRtika paramparAoM aura raTe-raTAye vAkyoM meM vizvAsa ke kAraNa aisA hotA hai| vizva kA bahuta bar3A pramANa puSTa aura prayogasiddha vaijJAnika jagat, jIvananiSTha saMgaThita samUha, nirbhaya, vizvAsa vaMcaka aura vizvAsa jijJAsu jJAnArthI janasamudAya ise jAnatA bhI nahIM, mAnatA bhI nhiiN| para, jAnatA kauna nahIM ki maraNa jIvana kA akelA saca hai| vaha to apane zarIra se bhI adhika nikaTa lagatA hai| jIvana kA rUpa cAhe jaisA bhI dikhe, jo bhI samajha meM Aye, kevala mRtyubhaya ke kAraNa hI hai| para na jAne kyoM bar3e jAnadAra aura jAnakAra, jAMbAja aura jAnajA~ bhI jAne-anajAne yahI batAte phirate haiM ki mRtyu se bar3A jhUTha koI hotA hI nhiiN| samasyA yaha uTha jAtI hai ki yadi mRtyu ko saca mAna leM to jIvana hI jhUThA ho jAtA hai| jIvana saca hai aura loga mRtyu ko bhI apanI A~khoM se dekhate rahate haiM, ataH jIvana ke bAre meM to hama svayaM batA pAte haiM, parantu mauta ke bAre meM kaise batAe~, hama mare to haiM nahIM, aura apane murde se pUche kaise? ___ AtmA kI amaratA cillA-cillAkara kahatI hai ki maiM mara to sakatI hI nahIM - mRtyu hai hI kahA~? para, abhijJoM kA mAnanA hai ki hama itane DarAkU aura DarAhuka loga haiM ki AtmA kA amaratva sahI mAnakara jIte rahane kA jhUThA bhrama pAle baiThe haiN| akele meM to Darate hI rahate haiM, marate samaya to hama behoza hI ho jAte haiN| mare to na jAne kitanI bAra para hara bAra behoza hokr| saMbhavataH prakRti marate vakta saMjJAzUnyatA kI davA dekara vyakti ko kaSTa se bacAne ke lie use saMjJAzUnya kara diyA karatI hai| kyA aura kaisI viDaMbanA hai ki paidA hote haiM taba bhI aura marate haiM taba bhI behoza ho jAyA karate haiN| zAyada, anubhava kI yAda ke abhAva meM hI dUsaroM ko paidA hote aura marate dekhA karate haiN| paidA hone aura marane meM oNparezana kA

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 139 kaSTa saMjJAzUnyatA kI z2arUrI davA ke binA to hogA hii| prakRti kadAcit isI maMzA se yaha karatI hai ki manuSya ArAma se janme bhI aura mare bhii| marate vakta jIvana bhara ke sukha-duHkha, pada-dhana, mAna-pratiSThA, ahaMvAda aura ahaMkRti dikhane lagatI hai| behozI meM kaSTa to jJAta hI nahIM ho paataa| hama paidA bhI hote haiM ArAma se aura marate bhI haiM ArAma se / kahate haiM, jAgRt janma aura jAgRt mRtyu to kevala jIvanamukta ke lie hI saMbhava hai| . sRSTikartA ne jIvana ko atyaMta bahumUlya, jaTila aura divya banAyA hai, para, sarala aura sahaja nhiiN| usake lie kaThora parizrama aura prayojanapUrNa puruSArtha caahie| jIvana dussAdhya kaThinAiyoM aura aTakaloM tathA avarodhakoM ko pAra karake jIvanadhArA ke bahAva ko sadA, satat, ajasra aura avicchinna rakhane kA prayAsa karatA rahatA hai| yoM to mRtyu atyaMta DarAvanI hotI hai para aise loga bhI haiM jo aneka bAra sAmAjika vikRtiyoM, vyakti kI paristhitiyoM aura manaHsthitiyoM tathA gaharI jaTilatAoM meM bhI khuzI-khuzI jIvana kA moha tyAgakara prANa tyAgane kA jazna aura utsava manAyA karate haiM, kAraNa cAhe jitane bhI manaHpraNIta yA manaHpUta kyoM na hoN| ye loga vAstava meM to manaHsaMtApa aura manaHsaMkalpa ke vivaza zikAra hote haiN| unheM na to moha se Dara lagatA hai na jIvana se| ati vikasita bIsavIM sadI meM bhI vizva meM AtmahatyA mAnava vikAsa ke pramANa se bhI saMbaddha hai| vidvAn aura jJAnI loga bhI isa kArya ko saharSa DhaMga se karate rahe haiN| jarmana vidvAn gere ne anekAneka bAra AtmahatyA kA prayAsa kiyA, taiyArI bhI kI, para itanI himmata nahIM juTA pAyA ki kara ske| dArzanika DoyojanIja jaise vidvAna ne svayaM "phA~sI lagA lii"| mRcchakaTika ke lekhaka zUdraka ne Aga meM jalakara jAna de dii| laiTina kavi emmedoklIja ne to jvAlAmukhI ke mu~ha meM chalA~ga lagAkara khudakuzI kii| caiTaraTana ne viSapAna karake mRtyu ko gale lgaayaa| gorkI ne apanI hI pistaula se apane ko mAra ddaalaa| citrakAra "lADo" ne bhI apane ko apanI hI golI se mAra ddaalaa| raoNbarTa klAiva ne apane ko tIna bAra mArane kA prayAsa kiyA para tInoM bAra nizAnA cUka gyaa| aise aneka loga haiM aura hue haiM jinako jIvana ekadama pyArA nahIM, balki mauta pyArI hotI hai| ye daure Aveza ke hote haiM aura viveka asta-vyasta sA ho jAtA hai| loga svecchA varaNa se bhI mRtyu ko svIkAra kiyA karate haiM - anazana, upavAsa aura anavahita hokara AhAra evaM jala tyAga kara | sAdhu-saMta to svecchA-maraNa ko svAbhAvika mRtyu se adhika uttama mAnate haiN| aneka loga to jIvita samAdhi le liyA karate haiN| jainoM meM to sAmAnya prathA hai ki anta meM anazana dvArA anna-jala tyAgakara prANa diyA karate haiN| hA~, sabhI dharmAvalaMbI apane-apane dharmagranthoM se, pATaMbara or3hakara dhArmika yA devaparaka granthapATha unheM caubIsa ghaMTe sunAte rahate haiN| pAThaccheda aura virAma to hotA hI nhiiN| hA~, pAThaka loga samaya se badalate rahate haiN| pAMDavoM kA svargArohaNa, jJAnezvara kI jIvita samAdhi, svAmI rAmatIrtha

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140 . . mRtyu kI dastaka kI jalasamAdhi, kumArila bhaTTa kA AtghAtI prAyazcitta vidhAna, hAr3ArAnI kA svayaM se. zirocchedana ko hamArA itihAsa na jAne kitanA sarAhatA aura prasanna hokara gAtA phiratA hai| hA~, unake mana meM U~cA Adarza aura mahAn uddezya bhale hI ho para AtmahatyA ko samAja bar3A hI gaya aura niMdya tathA dUSita mAnA jAne kA AdI hai| use samajhadArI kI bAta nahIM mAnate balki mAnasika asaMtulana kA pariNAma mAnate haiN| yaha jIvana kA tiraskAra to hai hii| kyA acchA hotA ki AtmakendratA chor3akara ve loga auroM kI sevA-suzrUSA, sarvaka aura sarvataH sahAyatA tathA sarvadA aura sarvathA sahakAritA aura sahacAritA ke pracAra-prasAra meM jIvana arpaNa kara dete| marane kI tithi, marane kA samaya, marane kI vidhi aura marane kA kAraNa, aise bhI dekhe jAte haiM jinakA aucitya kisI kI samajha meM nahIM AtA, vizeSakara aisI dazA meM jaba vyakti mArA jAtA hai, apane mana se maratA hai yA khuzI-khuzI maraNa cunatA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI, zrImatI indirA gAMdhI ko golI se mArA gyaa| svAmI dayAnanda, sukarAta ko z2ahara pilAyA gyaa| kyA kAraNakArya samajha meM Ate haiM? unake karma kyA isI yogya the? zrI gopInAtha kavirAja, rAmakRSNa jI paramahaMsa kaiMsara se mre| isa janma ke karmoM ke kAraNa yA pichale janmoM ke? yogI aravinda madhumeha se mre| tryaMbaka zAstrI kuSTha roga se mre| karma aura phala kA saMbandha kahA~ se aura kidhara se sthApita kiyA jAye? krAntikArI phA~sI ke phande ko cUmakara khuzI-khuzI laTakate rhe| jIvana kI samApti hI to mRtyu hai? eka zarIra chor3akara jIva dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara letA hai, apane se yA vivazatAvaza? lagatA hai mRtyu mAtra sapanA hai jo kabhI ghaTatA hI nhiiN| use dekhate kevala aura hI haiM, svayaM ko kahIM aura kabhI nahIM diikhtaa|| kahate haiM ki hamArI pRthvI sauramaMDala kA kevala do araba varSa purAnA graha hai| isa brahmANDa meM isI kI umra bahuta kama hai, auroM se araboM-kharaboM varSa bAda kii| dikkAla meM AdamI hai kyA? use mahAn bhrama hai ki vaha AtmA hai, paramAtmA hai, brahma hai, para saca to yaha hai ki vaha vizva hetu kI hI nahIM svayaM apanI nigAha meM bhI kucha nahIM hai| isa vizAla bahmANDa meM manuSya hI nahIM jIva nAma ke guNa-dharma vAle kisI abhidheya padArtha kA bhI to astitva nahIM hai| vijJAna ke pramANa pravINa aura tarkakuzala prajJAvAdiyoM kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki manuSya ke sabase nikaTa kA tArA bhI cAra prakAza varSa (vahA~ se calA prakAza cAra varSa bAda hamArI A~kha taka pahu~ca pAtA hai) - eka prakAza varSa = 9.5 X 1015 mITara dUrI para hai, eka sekaNDa meM prakAza 3 x 10 mITara yA 186000 mIla calA karatA hai| isa satata vistaraNazIla brahmANDa meM cAra varSa meM vaha tArA kahA~ calA jAtA hai kucha jJAta nhiiN| ataH AkAza maMDala ke sAre camacamAte tAre jhUThI jagaha para dikhate haiM aura kahA~ haiM kucha patA nhiiN| hama na to kucha haiM aura na hI kucha jAnate haiN| mRtyu sadA yahI khabara detI rahatI hai ki hama kucha bhI nahIM haiN| merA kucha jAnanA iMsAna kA sabase bar3A dhokhA hai, jhUThA daMbha hai| aura to aura, hama itanA bhI to nahIM jAnate

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 141 ki hamArI pRthvI mAtA bhI isa apAra, asIma aura anaMta aMtarikSa meM kaba, kahA~, kaise pahu~ca jAyA karatI hai| yaha ativizruta, vikhyAta, vizvakRta, nirjana, sunasAna, zmazAnAlaya meM sarSapa sI choTI pRthvI para hI jIvana kA jhamelA hai| janma, prANadhAraNa aura maraNa kA jhagar3A kevala aura kevala isa kSudra graha para hI hai| isakA bhI Agamana ati navIna hai - kevala do araba varSa phle| mRtyu ke samaya to hara koI jAna jAtA hai ki vaha kucha nahIM hai, para jIvanakAla meM hI jo jAna-samajha sakatA hai isa satya ko, vaha prANI hai| bhagavAna buddha apane dhanya ziSyoM ko roz2a sikhAte the ki zmazAna meM jAyA-baiThA karo tAki tuma pUrNatA ko upalabdha ho| para, hama haiM jo itane lambe-caur3e zmazAna meM yaha bhI nahIM kara paate| lagatA hai maranA hI pradhAna hai| aMdhakAra hI pradhAna hai| prakAza to paidA kiyA huA alpakAlika jyoti juganU kI pU~cha meM se nikalatA, jalatA-bujhatA Aloka hai| janmanA, jInA aura maranA Akhira kyoM? prakRti ne aisA nirarthaka vidhAna banAyA kyoM? kyA eka hI jIva janmatA, jItA aura maratA rahatA hai? auroM kI bAta to alaga, prakRti kA sabase bar3A, prabodhaka, pramukta aura pramukha prANI manuSya ke jIvana kA bhI uddezya to nahIM jAna pAte hm| kauna hai jo jIte rahate mara jAtA hai| aura phira janma liyA karatA hai? vaha zarIra hI hai yA aura kucha? maratA zarIra hI hai yA aura koI? janma lene vAlA kyoM kaba aura kaise janmatA hai? kyA marane ke bAda phUMka diye jAne, jala meM pravAhita karane, kabra meM daphanAne yA mRta zarIra ko saMjoye rakhane se kucha milatA hai? anekAneka dezoM ke rahane vAle aura aneka yugoM se logoM kA mAnanA-kahanA hai ki zarIra to kucha nahIM, asalI to AtmA hai jisakA sambandha zarIra se sadA hI banA rahatA hai| vaha ati viziSTa tattva hai, vyaSTi jIvana hai, dehI hai, svataMtra vyakti sattA hai aura janma se pUrva aura mRtyu ke bAda bhI rahane vAlA Atmatattva hai| vaha zarIra ke pare hai| hA~ zarIrarUpI AvaraNa kA vastra dhAraNa kiye hue hai| use lagatA hai ki vastra jIrNa yA anupayukta ho jAne para, mAnasika bhUmikA samApta karake, vaha use utAra pheMkatA hai| isIlie to aise loga pUrA-pUrA vizvAsa karate haiM ki AtmA janma aura maraNa rahita hotA hai| yoM, atimanojJa, manoyogI, manovizleSaka, manocikitsaka aura manovaijJAnika "phraoNyaDa" kA atimAnya, prayogasiddha aura pramANapuSTa pratijJa hai ki jIva-jantu ke bhItara AtmA, paramAtmA, Izvara, paramezvara, Adi nahIM kevala kAmapravRtti hai| usI se janmanA, jInA aura maranA bhI hotA rahatA hai| isI ke kAraNa vizva kI sImA aMtahIna hai| ___Aja ke vijJAna aura vizeSakara prANI-vijJAna ne janma-maraNa kI samasyA para bar3A hI vizada, vizvasta, viziSTa, vizuddha evaM vizvasita tathA vidhibodhita DhaMga se socA-vicArA aura siddha kara diyA hai ki janma-jIvana-maraNa kyA hai aura janma ke pahale tathA maraNa ke bAda hotA kyA hai? hyUma jaise zUnyavAdI ko jAnane-mAnane vAle tattvavettA bhI aba amaratva ko sahI

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142 mRtyu kI dastaka mAnane ko vivaza ho gaye haiN| loga isa kalpanA ko bar3I hI purAnI mAnakara isakI avahelanA karate rahe haiN| prakRti kA nizcayAtmaka, nizcinta, nizcala aura nitAnta nirvivAda niyama hai ki jo janmatA hai, use maranA par3atA hI hai| mRtyu hI jIvana kA dvAra hai| jIvana bhara hama marane hI kI kriyA to karate rahate haiN| mRtyu sadA khar3I rahI hai sAmane / abhijJa logoM kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki astitva ananta hai| ___ nyAya matavAdiyoM kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki jIvana ke anubhava kabhI vilupta nahIM ho sakate, ve kabhI naSTa bhI nahIM kiye jA skte| dikheM, bhale hI nahIM, para anubhavajanya kRtiyA~ adRSTa rUpa meM banI rahatI haiN| ve pariNAmasvarUpa pravRtti jhukAva, Asakti, Adi saMskAroM ke rUpa meM ikaTThI hotI rahatI haiN| para, marane ke bAda zarIra to kisI kA bhI nahIM rhtaa| phira mRtyu ke bAda smRti banI kaise, kahA~ aura kyoM rahatI hai? sRSTi ke samakSa aham prazna rahA ki isa anubhava ko banAye kaise rakhA jAye? amIbA ko ajara-amara banAkara vaha sadA pachatAtI rhii| usake amIbA ke guNa-doSa Aja bhI jyoM-ke-tyoM raha gye| saMkhyA meM apAra vRddhi kA kyA hogA? phira, usane jIvoM meM nara-mAdA kI racanA kii| phira to saMhAra-prathA prArambha ho gyii| mRtyu ne apanA jAla phailA-bichAkara kisI-na-kisI phareba meM pha~sAnA prArambha kara diyaa| Aja mRtyu mahArAnI hai samUcI sRSTi kii| jIveSNA kI lalaka balavatI hotI gayI, jIne kI utsukatA aura AkAMkSA bar3hatI calI gayI aura mRtyu kA bhaya hI nahIM mRtaka kA bhaya bhI sabase . bar3A bhaya ho gyaa| loga jIvana cAhe jaisA jIyeM maranA nahIM caahte| amIbA ko jyoM-kAtyoM rakhate hue prakRti ne cha: karor3a varSa lagA diye anekAneka prakAra ke jIvoM ko banAte hue, vikasita aura udvikasita karate hue, kriyA-pratikriyA ke mAdhyama se manuSya kA nirmANa karane meN| lagabhaga sAre dviliMgI jIva mRtyu ko dhokhA dene, chalane aura marakara bhI jIte rahane kA kAma karane lge| laiMgika janana prAkRtika prayAsa hai marakara bhI samApta na hone kA, kahIM aura jagaha par3e rahane kA aura samaya Ane para prakaTa ho jAne kaa| para prakRti ne Izvara, AtmA, paramAtmA se koI sambandha nahIM rkhaa| vaha Izvara kI nahIM, dAsI hai rasAyanajJoM kii| Izvara ke prayAsa para nahIM, kRtya para nahIM, kRpA para nahIM, manuSya ke prayukta prayAsoM, zramapUrNa AyAsoM aura kar3I kozizoM pr| kama-se-kama manuSya kI mauta to usake lie mara cukI hai| usane jIte rahane kI asalI tarakIba nikAla rakhI hai| vaha, phira bhI na jAne kyoM DaratA rahatA hai| zAyada, marane ke bAda ke Dara se| Adhunika prANI-vijJAna ne batAyA hai ki mAtA-pitA ke caritra, karma aura anubhava saMskAroM, pravRttiyoM, lagAvoM aura AsaMgoM ke suracita aura sunirmita rAsAyanika yaugika apane Apa kAryakArI ikAI ke rUpa meM saMkalita hote rahate haiM aura jIva ke guNoM-avaguNoM ko dete aura prabhAvita karate rahate haiN| inhIM ko jInsa kahA karate haiN| ye AnuvAMzika ikAI ke rUpa meM hote haiN| ye jInsa rahate haiM vyavasthita aura saje-sajAye svarUpa meM guNasUtroM meN| ye jInsa

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 143 kevala mAtA-pitA se hI nahIM jaba se jIva banA tabhI se ikaTThA hote rahate haiM aura santAna meM saMkramita hote jAte haiN| para yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki nikaTatama aura tatkAla ke mAtA-pitA ke hI guNa-avaguNoM ke hI jInsa saMtAna meM Ate haiN| kabhI-kabhI A bhI jAte haiM aura saMtAna ke guNa-avaguNa, sUrata-svarUpa mAtA-pitA se mela khAte dikhate haiM, para, nizcit nhiiN| jInsa kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hotI hai aura mAtA-pitA ke sAre jInsa una donoM ke guNasUtroM meM vyavasthita saje rahate haiN| ve jIna jIvana ke prArambha se hI ikaTThe hote rahate haiN| mAtA ke alaga tathA pitA ke alaga prakAra se Aye hue hote haiN| mAtA ke Dimba aura zukrANu meM unake sammizraNa kI saMkhyA aura prakAra kramacaya aura saMcaya kI gaNitIya vidhi se milate haiN| yaha mizraNa hI navajAta zizu ke liye bhAgya kA nirmANa karatA hai| isIlie bahudhA do bhAI yA bahana svabhAva meM hI nahIM, svarUpa meM bhI na to eka jaise aura na hI mAtA-pitA ke svarUpa aura svabhAva se milate-julate hote haiN| isIlie saMsAra meM do bacciyA~ yA do bacce bhI eka se nahIM hote| saMbhavataH hara zizu eka alaga sA~ce meM DhalA karatA hai aura paidA hote hI prakRti sA~cA tor3a detI hai tAki hara baccA apane kisma kA alaga, akelA, anUThA aura advitIya rahe, vaisA aura koI dUsarA, sUrata meM bhI aura sIrata meM bhI na huA ho, na hai, na hogaa| spaSTa lagatA hai ki hama jo aura jaise haiM apane kie karmoM ke phalasvarUpa hI haiN| punarjanma kA siddhAnta karmaphala se hI saMyukta aura saMbaddha hai| vartamAna janma pichale janmoM ke mAtApitA ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala hai| agale janma kA AdhAra vartamAna tathA pichale janmoM kI karma rAzi kA ativiziSTa yA saMyogavazAt vidhi se nirmita hotA hai| sukha-duHkha binA karma kiye prApta ho kaise sakate haiM? jaisA karma vaisA phl| nahIM to vidhi ke vidhAna meM anyAya, akarttavyatA, akarmaNyatA, azubha, ahita, kAraNAbhAva, akRtya aura akSamya aparAdha mAnA jAyegA ise| zarIra to banatA hai una sabhI karmoM ke kAraNa jo taba se hote hI A rahe haiM jaba se jIva banA thaa| saMbhavataH mRtyubhaya bhI pUrva janmoM ke saMskAroM se hI paidA hotA hai| phira pUrvajanma kA smaraNa kyoM nahIM? bar3A bAlaka bacapana kI bAteM bhI to yAda nahIM rakha paataa| hama bhUla jAte haiM ki pUrvajoM kA apanA sArA jIvana aura nUtana saMskArita jIvana zizu meM kArya karate rahate haiN| mAtA-pitA hI to zizu ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita hote rahate haiM, arthAt zizu hI mAtA-pitA ke punarjanma rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| mAnava bhI to anya jantuoM kI taraha kA eka jantu hai| usakI kozikAoM ke kendraka meM kucha sUtranumA racanAe~ dikhAyI detI haiN| inako guNasUtra kahate haiN| ye AkRti, mApa aura racanA meM aneka prakAra ke hote haiM phira bhI ye eka prakAra ke jIva meM eka hI taraha ke hote haiN| manuSya meM mAtA aura pitA meM teIsa-teIsa jor3e hote haiN| ye dvisUtrI hote haiN| strI meM (22 jor3e e + X mAdA guNa + X mAdA guNa) aura puruSa meM (22 jor3e e + X mAdA guNa + Y puruSa guNa) [e = samajAta, "ATojhomsa"] mAtA se DimbANu milatA hai aura pitA se anekAneka zukrANu / isa prakAra puruSa viSama yugmikI hote haiN| usameM donoM liMga guNa X aura Y. hote haiN|

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144 . mRtyu kI dastaka lekina strI meM donoM hI strI guNa samUha XX hote haiN| saMbhavataH prakRti ne bar3e hI soca-vicAra ke bAda aisI vyavasthA kI hai tAki jIvana kA pAlana-poSaNa aura sabase adhika nirmANa kArya strI ke mAdhyama se hI ho sakatA hai| cAra liMga nirmANa kI saMbhAvanAoM meM se tIna hote haiM strI aMga ke guNa aura kevala eka hotA hai puruSa aMga kA guNa (xx +XY) / prazna yaha hai ki strI-puruSa (mAtA-pitA) ke guNasUtra zizu meM 46 + 46 = 92 ho jAne cAhiye aura hara bAra dogune hote jAne cAhie, para aisA hotA to nhiiN| kaise? hotA aisA hai ki vibhAjana dvArA puruSa meM zukrANu do taraha ke bana jAte haiM A+ X vAle aura A+ Y vaale| nArI samayugmikI hotI hai| isameM aMDa janana dvArA kevala eka hI prakAra ke guNa (A+x) vAle raja aNDa banate haiN| yugmanaja banate samaya yadi puruSa ke (A + X) aura strI ke bhI (A + X) mila jAyeM to 2A + x + X ke kAraNa kanyA paidA hogI aura yadi puruSa ke (A + Y) aura strI ke (A + x) mila jAyeM to 2A +X+ Y guNasUtra hone ke kAraNa baccA puruSa hogaa| ataH puruSa kA Y guNa hI bacce kA liMga nirdhAraNa karatA hai| puruSa strI meM (x : Y :: 1 : 1) phira bhI prakRti meM, mAnava samAja meM putrI : putra = 100 : 104 (lagabhaga) kA anupAta hotA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki Y vAle zukrANu halke hote haiN| ataH niSecana meM adhika AsAnI se saphala ho jAte haiN| baccI paidA hogI yadi do x A jAeM, ye donoM x kevala mAtA se hI mileM yA eka puruSa ke Y vAle ke sAtha kA X ho| , isa prakAra mAtA-pitA kA punarjanma bacce-bacciyoM ke rUpa meM hotA rahatA hai| hara baccA hI mAtA-pitA kA punarjanma hai| mAtA-pitA kA uddezya (putrI-putra ke rUpa meM punarjanma lekara jIte rahane kI prakriyA) pUrA ho jAtA hai| bAda meM mAtA-pitA bhale hI mara jAyeM aura jalA diye yA gAr3a diye jAyeM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| mAtA-pitA to jIte hI rahate haiM (saMtAna ke rUpa meN)| mauta unheM miTA nahIM sktii| hA~; dhokhA tabhI hogA jabaki mAtA-pitA ko punarjanma dvArA saMtAna hI na ho, saMbhavataH isIlie santAna na honA prakRti aura samAja dvArA garhita, dUSita aura nindita mAnA jAtA hai| isake dvArA AdhI yA pUrI vaMzAvalI hI samApta ho jAtI hai| eka yA do prANiyoM kI Adi kAla se saMcita guNAvaguNoM kI kamAI barabAda ho jAtI hai| karmavAda aura janmAntaravAda eka-dUsare ke paripUraka hote haiM, isa satya meM vyavadhAna sA par3a jAtA hai| karmavAda kI zrRMkhalA hI TUTakara bikhara jAtI hai| ___ jananika evaM AnuvAMzika vidyAe~ Aja jo siddha karatI jA rahI haiM ve tathya zatAbdiyoM se yuktisaMgata aura vyApaka rUpa se pUrvI dezoM meM to mAnya rahe hI haiN| hA~, Aja prANI-vijJAna kI prayogasiddha aura pramANapuSTa khojoM kI dRSTi se yaha aura bhI adhika spaSTa aura rucikara ho gayA hai| cAhe jisa dRSTi se soce punarjanma kA AdhAra karmaphala siddhAnta hI hai| hamArA vartamAna janma pichale tamAma janmoM ke karmoM kA vipAka hI to hai| agale janma kA AdhAra vartamAna evaM pichale jIvanoM meM kiye gaye zubhAzubha karmasamUha hI to hogaa| yadi karma para

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 145 AdhArita punarjanma kA siddhAnta mAnya na hotA to isa loka ko aniyaMtrita, anarthaka, anargala aura niSprayojana mAnA jAtA aura samajhA jAtA ki yahA~ anyAyapUrvaka aura manamAne DhaMga ke logoM ko daNDa-puraskAra prApta huA karate haiN| jo loga zAzvat jIvAtmA ko mAnate haiM ve bhI use jIva ke karma aura usake satat pravAha rUpa ko hI to nitya mAnate rahe haiN| kartA aura karma kA nitya sambandha to mAnanA hI hogA, pUrvajanma va parajanma mAnakara hI hameM janmAntara-vAda kA astitva siddha karanA hogaa| basa yAda yahI rakhanA hogA ki sukha-duHkha, acchA-burA, svabhAva, yaza, dhana, Adi kisI vyakti ko isI jIvana meM nahIM milA karatA hai, vaha to kevala mAtA-pitA se prApta saMtAna ko hI milA karatA hai| pUrva janma meM kiye gaye karmoM aura mAtA-pitA dvArA kiye karmoM ke kAraNa hI uttama, madhyama aura adhama prakAra ke.zarIra milA karate haiN| ___ kahA jAtA hai aura mAnA bhI jAtA hai, yogasUtra aura vyAsabhASya se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki jIvamAtra ko mRtyu-bhaya dikhAyI detA rahatA hai| jJAta hotA hai ki ye aneka bAra ke huye aise hI anubhavoM ke kAraNa hI yaha svAbhAvika bhaya hotA hai| mRtyu-smaraNa binA mRtyubhaya satAtA kaise? ataH prANImAtra ko mRtyu-bhaya kA satAnA hI punarjanma kA anumAna karAtA hai| bAlaka ke janma lete hI harSa, bhaya, Adi kI jo anubhUtiyA~ dikhatI haiM usakA kAraNa pUrvajanmoM ke anubhava hI to haiN| sote-sote ha~sanA, ronA, DaranA isa janma kA anubhava abhI kahA~ hotA hai? vaha to pUrva janma kI anubhUtiyoM ko hI smRtisvarUpa meM kAraNa rUpa mAnanA hI hogaa| pUrvajanma ke anubhavoM kA smaraNa kaise rahatA hai? lagatA hai pUrvajanma kI siddhi anumAna mAtra hI se nahIM hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI ise jAnatA-mAnatA hai ki jIvana to ananta __ musalamAna aura IsAI nyAya divasa ko karmaphala pAyA karate haiN| Adama, havvA aura zaitAna kI kahAnI ko donoM hI sahI mAnate haiN| binA aparAdha ke kyA zaitAna ko khudA ne aparAdhI nahIM banAyA? tInoM ko zApa kyoM milA? zaitAna ne to Adama, havvA ko bahakAyA bhI nahIM thaa| lagatA hai ki khudA ke Upara koI nyAyakartA nhiiN| use kisI se Dara nahIM? nyAyavAdiyoM kA tarka Aja bhI mAnya hai| vahI nizcayAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| nyAyamata kA vizvAsa hai ki hamAre anubhava lupta yA naSTa nahIM ho skte| hamArI kRtiyA~ yadyapi dekhane meM lupta sI dikhA karatI haiM para ve adRSTa banI rahatI haiN| aura apane pariNAma se "pravRtti kA rUpa dhAraNa karake punaH avasara pAkara prakaTa ho jAyA karatI haiN| pravRtti aura kucha nahIM, purAne janmoM kI kRtiyoM ke saMskAra haiM, jAna-bUjhakara kie prayatnoM ke mUla meM vaha banI rahatI hai| - bhArata ke pUrvajanmavAdI aura Adhunika vikAsavAdI eka mata ke haiN| mAtA-pitA se Ane vAlI saMtAna AnuvAMzika saMkramaNa dvArA hI yaha saMbhava hai| zUnya se utpatti kA siddhAnta ekadama mAnya nahIM hai| punarjanma kA siddhAnta isIlie itanA mahattvapUrNa hai ki hama apane sAtha janma se pUrvakAlika

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146 mRtyu kI dastaka anubhavoM ko lekara AyA karate haiN| isako mAne binA gati nhiiN| kyA yaha vizvAsa saca hai ki mRtyu ke bAda kA astitva utanA hI saca hai jitanA jIvita kAla kA astitva? Akhira janma aura mRtyu kA sambandha kisase hotA hai? kyA bhautika zarIra se? astitva to anAdi aura ananta hai, zAzvat hai| ataH usake prArambha aura aMta ko socanA hI mUrkhatApUrNa kArya hai| ___ Aja ke bhrUNa vaijJAnika prajanana kI anekAneka vidhiyoM ko nakArakara strI-puruSa kI mahattA ko bhI asvIkAra karate jA rahe haiN| laiMgika sRSTi meM prakRti yugmanaja banate hI sA~cA ko sadA-sadA ke lie tor3a pheMkatI hai ataH hara vyakti apane prakAra kA alaga, akelA, anokhA aura advitIya hotA hai, jaisA aura koI na kabhI huA, na hai aura na kabhI hogaa| per3a kI do pattiyA~ bhI to eka sI nahIM hotii| para insAna bhI ajIba jIva hai jo apanI sRSTi meM na jAne kitane hI hamazakla banA sakatA hai| parezAna haiM dArzanika, dharmazAstrI, AcArazAstrI aura samAjazAstrI isa vaijJAnika iMsAna kI karAmAta ko dekhakara / sRSTikartA bhI nahIM kara pAte isa kArya ko| yaha vidhi hai hamazakla banAne kI klaa| ise "kloniMga" kahate haiN| kisI bhI jIva kI eka kozikA ko lekara ThIka-ThAka usI prakAra kA aura zakla kA jIva taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| paudhoM, pataMgoM aura choTe jIvoM meM to pahale hI se aisA kiyA jAtA rahA hai| bher3a, bandara, cUhe, Adi para to saphala prayoga ho hI cuke haiM, mAnava "klona" bhI bana cukA hai| aba marane se kyoM DarA jAye? dUdha adhika dene vAlI gAe~ taiyAra karake "kloniMga" dvArA aneka dezoM meM DeyarI udyoga calAnA prArambha ho cukA hai| prazna hai ki "kloniMga" dvArA banA baccA kisa mAtA-pitA kA mAnA jAye? aba strI-puruSa kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM? cikitsakIya kSetroM meM vizeSa upalabdhiyA~ to bar3e kAma kI avazya hoMgI, para, mAnavIya saMvegoM, kSobhoM, anubhUtiyoM, Adi kA kyA hogA? do yA aneka hamazakloM ke ho jAne para kitanI aura kitane prakAra kI samasyAe~ paidA hoMgI? isakA bhI anumAna ye vaijJAnika kara pAte haiM? bhArata meM janmadina para khuzI manAyI jAtI hai, para mRtyu-divasa kI puNyatithi para khuzI manAne kI paramparA kabhI nahIM rahI hai| hA~, ativRddha yA vRddhA kI mRtyu para, saMta-mahAtmA kI mRtyu para bAje-gAje ke sAtha nAcate-kUdate aura sajI-sajAyI arthI z2arUra nikAlI jAtI hai| hamArI saMskRti meM to jIvana kI hI pUjA kI prathA rahI hai| devI-devatA, durgA, sarasvatI, devendra, ziva, viSNu, Adi ko DhalatI umra kA kabhI dikhAyA hI nahIM jaataa| devatAgaNa bAlarUpa ke yA yuvaka rUpa ke hI dikhAye jAte haiN| bhAratIya nATya-zAstra meM hatyA yA mRtaka kA dRzya bhI nahIM dikhAyA jaataa| bhAratIya saMskRti to zuddha jIvanamukhI mAnI jAtI hai| phira AdhunikatA, navInatA aura sudhAravAditA ko zAzvat kyoM mAneM? puNyatithi para prasannatApradarzana saMbhavataH aMgrez2I sabhyatA kI dena hai| hA~, eka aura birAdarI hai jo sambandhiyoM, riztedAroM yA sAthiyoM kI mRtyu para nAcate-gAte aura prasannatA pradarzita karate haiN| sagA-sambandhI

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mRtyu - saccI yA jhUThI? 147 agara mara jAye to aura bhI khuzI manAte haiM, bhArI dAvata dete haiN| yaha birAdarI hai hijar3oM kI, napuMsakoM kI, straiNoM kI yA janakhoM kii| inheM kitanI bar3I prasannatA hotI hai jaba isa kalaMkapUrNa nikamme jIvana se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| parivAra niyojana meM ve sabase Age rahate haiN| mugaloM aura muslima bAdazAhoM ke samaya meM to inheM bar3A Adara milatA rhaa| yaha eka mahAn anyAya hai ki unheM rAjakIya pratinidhitva bhI to nahIM miltaa| yA to cAhie ki itane vikasita vaijJAnika aura cikitsakIya upalabdhiyoM ke phalasvarUpa zalyacikitsA yA auSadhopacAra kI vikasita vidhiyoM yA Aja kI ati Adhunika jInazAstrIya vidhiyoM kA prayoga karake inakI sahAyatA yA cikitsA kA prabandha kareM, aura nahIM to inheM tIsarA liMga mAnakara rAjakIya pratinidhitva pradAna kreN| yaha sacamuca mahAn anyAya hai, prakRti-pradatta doSa ke liye inheM zArIrika, sAmAjika va saMvaidhAnika sajA kyoM mile? sArI jIvana-zrRMkhalA kI karma-kamAI mAtA-pitA kI aisI santAna kA sadA-sarvadA ke liye kAlavaha pravAha samApta ho jAtA hai, sRSTi ke satat prayAsa sadA ke lie samApta ho jAte haiM, jInoM kI anaginata saMkhyA kA prabhAva niSphala calA jAtA hai| kyA Aja kA itanA vikasita jIna siddhAnta ina nirdoSa logoM para sajA ke gunahagAra hone ko doSa mAnakara svayaM ko lajjita karane kA jaghanya aparAdha nahIM krtaa|

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mRtyu AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa - minatI mRtyu kyA hai? yaha dhruva satya hai ki zarIra kSaNabhaMgura hai, vinAzI hai| jisakA janma hotA hai usakI mRtyu bhI nizcit hotI hai| janma-mRtyu prakRti kA niyama hai| jIvana aura mRtyu eka aisI prakriyA hai jisase bacA nahIM jA sktaa| mRtyu jIvana kA AdhAra hai, nIMva hai| mRtyu nahIM to jIvana kahA~? prazna hai - mRtyu kyA hai? kyA jIva ke deha meM upasthita jIvana aura jIva kA deha se nikala jAne ko mRtyu kahate haiM? yA zvAsa ke AvAgamana ke avaruddha ho jAne ko hI mRtyu kahate haiM? kyA jIvana aura mRtyu hI vAstavikatA kA nirmANa va vinAza hI nahIM, ye saMyoga kA prakaTa honA va chipa jAnA hai? daraasala, mRtyu to nIMda hai| jisa prakAra hama gAr3hI nIMda meM apane zarIra evaM sampUrNa saMsAra ko ekadama bhUla jAte haiM, jise hama "choTI mRtyu kahate haiM, usI prakAra mRtyu ko "lambI nIMda" kaha sakate haiN| saMsAra kA vismaraNa hI mRtyu hai na ki cetana sattA kA abhaav| zrImadbhagavadgItA ke anusAra - vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii|| jaise manuSya phaTe vastra utArakara nayA vastra pahanatA hai, vaise hI jIva purAnI deha tyAgakara naI deha kA Azraya letA hai| yaha zAzvat satya hai ki hama saba isa janma-mRtyu kI laharoM meM hicakole khAte rahate haiM aura khAte rheNge|

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mRtyu - AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa 149 mRtyu-bhaya kyoM? mRtyu kA bhaya anya kisI bhI bhaya se adhika balavAna hai| mRtyu ke Dara se manuSya kA~pa jAtA hai| yogavAziSTha ke anusAra "kITa aura indra kI jIne kI AkAMkSA to samAna hai hI, unameM mRtyu kA bhaya bhI samAna hai|" "jo AyA hai, so jAyegA, rAjA raMka phakIra" yA "eka dina bika jAyegA mATI ke mola" jaisI bAtoM ko sunakara, par3hakara aura yAda karake bhI mRtyu se hama bhayabhIta ho uThate haiN| manuSya, kisa dina maregA, isakI ciMtA evaM bhaya to karatA hai, parantu jo hara kSaNa mara rahA hai usakI cintA nahIM, anubhUti nhiiN| kyoMki manuSya jInA cAhatA hai, maranA nahIM, parantu jIvana anizcit hai aura maranA nizcit / roga se pIr3ita, khATa meM par3A huA vyakti bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| jIvana ke prati itanA moha kyoM? kyA mRtyu bhayAnaka hai? yA bhayadAyaka hai? nhiiN| na to mRtyu bhayAnaka hai aura na hI bhydaayk| mRtyu to zAnti aura ArAmadAyaka hai| bhayadAyaka haiM hamArI vaasnaayeN| asala meM, jaba taka hamArI vAsanAe~ zAnta nahIM hotI, taba taka hama isa bAta ko samajha nahIM pAte haiM ki mRtyu svAbhAvika aura zAntidAyaka hai| jinakI vAsanAe~ nivRtta haiM "ve jana sadA anandA / unheM mRtyu kA bhaya kabhI nahIM hotA kyoMki unakI mRtyu-bhaya kI vAsanA bhI nivRtta rahatI hai| vAsanAe~ hI mRtyu kA bhaya utpanna karatI haiN| jinakI vAsanAe~ chUTa gayI haiM, unheM mRtyu kA bhaya kaisA? vAsanAoM se chUTa jAne para jisa prakAra mana ke upadrava miTa jAte haiM, vaise hI mRtyu hone para zarIra ke upadrava bhI miTa jAte haiN| zAnti hI sukha hai| vAsanA nivRtti aura mRtyu se zAnti hI nahIM mahAzAnti milatI hai| ataH jo nizcit hai, jo avazyaMbhAvI hai, usake liye cintA kyoM? jIvana kA pravAha to ananta hai aura amara hai| usakI mRtyu kA koI prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| zarIra kI mRtyu yA naSTa hone ko hama apanI mRtyu mAnate haiM, basa isIlie Darate haiM aura bhayabhIta hote haiN| yadi apane antaHkaraNa ko yaha vizvAsa ho jAye ki Aja kI taraha hameM Age bhI jIvita rahanA hai to Darane kI koI bAta hI nahIM raha jaatii| basa, bhramavaza manuSya yaha samajha baiThA hai ki jisa dina zizu mAtA ke garbha meM AtA hai yA garbha se utpanna hotA hai, usI samaya se jIvana Arambha hotA hai, aura hRdayagati banda ho jAne para zarIra nirjIva ho jAtA hai, to mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| parantu yaha eka bahuta hI adhUrA evaM ajJAnamUlaka vizvAsa hai| jinako yaha jJAna hai ki "AtmA amara hai, nitya hai, zarIra ke na rahane para bhI vaha rahatI hai, unako hI kevala mRtyu kI cintA nahIM rahatI hai kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki hama zarIra nahIM, balki AtmA haiM, phira marane kA kaisA bhaya! gambhIra vizleSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki jIvana aura zarIra eka vastu nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke liye - jisa prakAra hama kapar3oM ko yathAsamaya badalate rahate haiM, usI prakAra jIva ko bhI zarIra badalane par3ate haiN| svabhAvataH kapar3A purAnA jIrNa-zIrNa hone para hI alaga kiyA jAtA

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150 mRtyu kI dastaka hai, para kabhI-kabhI jala jAne, kisI cIz2a se ulajhakara phaTa jAne, yA anya kaI kAraNoM se vaha thor3e hI dinoM meM badala denA par3atA hai, ThIka usI prakAra zarIra sAdhAraNataH vRddhAvasthA meM jIrNa-zIrNa hone para naSTa hotA hai parantu yadi bIca meM hI koI Akasmika ghaTanA yA kAraNa upasthita ho jAye to alpAyu meM hI zarIra tyAganA par3atA hai| bAla, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthA, ye zarIra kI tIna avasthAyeM hotI haiN| yadi manuSya apanI ina sabhI avasthAoM (bAla, yuvA aura vRddha) para aura jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA para viveka se vicAra kareM to zoka-pIr3ita aura Azcaryacakita nahIM hoNge| zarIra parivartanazIla hone se cirasthAyI nahIM hai| Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna bhI svIkAra karatA hai ki vibhinna kozikAoM kI kriyA-pratikriyA ke kAraNa zarIra pratikSaNa parivartita hotA rahatA hai| isI kAraNa yaha vRddhi aura vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| zarIra aura mana meM parivartana hone para bhI AtmA nitya avyaya rahatI hai| isaliye zarIra sarvadA hI parivartanazIla hai aura AtmA snaatn| "nirvizeSa" aura "savizeSa" Adi sabhI tattvadarziyoM ne isa siddhAnta ko mAnA hai| vAstava meM janma-mRtyu hamAre jIvana ke anivArya aMga hI nahIM balki hamArA sahaja svabhAva bhI hai| mRtyu to kucha bhI nahIM hai| jina viSayoM se sardI-garmI, sukha-duHkha, Adi saMskAra utpanna hote haiM ve saba sparza anitya haiM, Ate-jAte rahate haiM, usase avicalita rahakara hameM una sabako grahaNa karane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| jo vyakti apane ko aba ina saboM se pRthak, chiTakA huA anubhava karatA hai, use apane alagAva kI sthiti ke samAna hone kA bhI bhaya satAtA hai aura isI ko "mRtyu-bhaya" kaha sakate haiN| mRtyu kI bhAvanA yA bhaya se mukta hone hetu gurudeva ravIndranAtha ThAkura kA kahanA hai ki - hameM usa mahAn puruSa ko jAnanA hogA jo andhakAra se sarvathA pare hai, parama jyotirmaya hai, nitya hai aura zAzvat hai| vastutaH isake atirikta koI dUsarI rAha nahIM hai| mRtyu ke bhaya se avicalita rahane vAle kabIra dAsa jI ne spaSTa rUpa meM kahA thA ki - je hI Dara ko saba loga Dare haiM, so Dara hamare naahiN| jabaki yaha parama satya hai ki jIva kA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai, kintu vaha avivekavaza apane svajanoM se, paricitoM se, zarIra se, prANI evaM padArthoM se moha kara letA hai| isaliye vaha ina sabako chor3ane se katarAtA hai aura duHkhI ho jAtA hai| aura yahI mRtyu se Darane kA mukhya kAraNa hai| yadi vaha isa dRzyamAna saMsAra kA moha chor3a de to use mRtyu-bhaya bilkula na rhe| "jo pratIta saMsAra se apane Apako apane Apa meM lauTA letA hai, usake liye jInA aura maranA barAbara ho jAtA hai| parantu mAnava mRtyu se bhayabhIta hokara usakA nAma taka lenA nahIM caahtaa| yahA~ taka ki vivAha, janmotsava, Adi mAMgalika kAryoM meM to koI mRtyu zabda kA uccAraNa taka nahIM kara sktaa| aise mAMgalika kArya meM amaMgala ke zabda! Azcarya kI

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mRtyu - AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa 151 bAta hai ki jo mRtyu nirantara dabe pA~va manuSya kI ora agrasara ho rahI hai, usase vaha A~kheM chipAnA cAhate haiN| aura apanI vAstavikatA ko svIkArane se katarAte haiN| hama to mauta ko bhulAkara mauta se bacanA cAhate haiM aura isa prakAra ajJAna aura avivekI manuSya sarvadA apane Apako chalatA hai, dhokhA detA hai| yaha satya hai ki deha svabhAva se nAzavAna hai| usakA vinAza tatkAla ho athavA sau varSa bAda, isameM kevala samaya kA hI prazna hai| use anizcita kAla taka banAye rakhane kI koI bhI saMbhAvanA nahIM, prAkRta deha se AtmA ke jAte hI deha kA vighaTana hone hI lagatA hai| isaliye pratyakSa rUpa se deha kA astitva AtmA se hI hai, usakA apanA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM hai| yakSa ne yudhiSThira se pUchA thA ki mAnava-jIvana meM sabase bar3A Azcarya kA viSaya kyA hai? yudhiSThira ne uttara diyA ki asaMkhya prANI nitya marate haiM, isako dekhate hue bhI dUsare manuSya aisA kAma karate haiM jaiseki ve kabhI nahIM mareMge, yahI sabase bar3A Azcarya hai| kyA yaha Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai ki jina sAMsArika kAryoM ko hama jIvana bhara kara cuke haiM, dekha cuke haiM aura anubhava kara cuke haiM phira bhI usI ko dekhane aura karane ke liye bahuta dinoM taka hama jInA cAhate haiM? priya se milanA-bichur3anA, apriya kA saMyoga, sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, mAna-apamAna, vipatti-sampatti, roga-niroga, lar3AI-jhagar3e, rAga-dveSa, ityaadi| jabaki usameM kucha "sAra" yA "satya" naz2ara nahIM AtA phira bhI usameM itanA AkarSaNa kyoM? itanA lagAva kyoM? saMsAra kI kriyAoM kI "nissAratA" ko dekha-lenA aura jAna-lenA hI jJAna kI paripakvatA hai| agara hama rAma, kRSNa, sikandara, azoka, Adi ke zAsana, aizvarya Adi ko dhyAna meM leM, to aba unakI vaMza-paramparA kA koI patA nahIM raha gyaa| sabhI "kAla" ke Agoza meM samA gye| kAla kI Aga meM hI sAre prANI aura padArtha pakate haiM, kSINa hote haiM aura bhasma hokara samApta ho jAte haiN| isa nirantara prajvalita kAlAgni ko jo sadaiva dekhatA hai, use hI saMsAra meM koI AkarSaNa nahIM raha jaataa| vaha to kevala paropakAra kA hI kAma karatA hai| isa saMdarbha ke sArAMza meM yahI kaha sakate haiM ki manuSya jIvana bhara kevala apanI vyavasthA meM hI lagA rahatA hai| use vizrAma karane kA samaya hI nahIM miltaa| he mana! isa saMsAra meM kaba taka daur3oge? aura daur3ate-daur3ate kaba thakoge? mRgatRSNA se tapatI dhUpa meM kahIM pAnI hai? daur3ane kA phala kyA zAnti hai? Akhira bistara bichAte hue jIvana bIta jAtA hai, AdamI vizrAma karane kA avasara hI nahIM pAtA aura vaha yahA~ se cala detA hai| saMsAra se thako aura ruko tabhI saccI zAnti paayeNge| IzU masIha ne kahA hai - Ao hama tumheM vizrAma deN| agara jIvana kI pratyeka ghaTanA evaM upalabdhi para najara DAleM aura usakI samIkSA kareM to anta meM kucha bhI "sAra" hAtha nahIM lgegaa| isalie, bAhara kI ghaTanAoM evaM upalabdhiyoM meM hama na rameM balki apane Apa meM hI ramanA siikheN| saba sAdhanAoM kA "sAra" hai vairAgya aura

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152 mRtyu kI dastaka binA vairAgya ke sArI sAdhanA khokhalI hai| isalie mana ko vairAgI banAyeM aura nirviSaya nirvikAra aura nizcinta hokara jIvana ko zAMtipUrvaka jiiyeN| mRtyu kA zoka kyoM? hama yaha jAnate haiM ki jIva bAra-bAra janma letA hai aura maratA hai, phira bhI usake lie zoka kyoM? vyAkulatA kyoM? aura vilApa bhI kyoM? sambhavataH yaha hamArI ajJAnatA yA durbalatA hI hai, jIva AzaMkitavaza bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai aura zarIra dhAraNa karate hI vaha indriyoM tathA saMkalpoM se jur3a jAtA hai| inhIM ke dvArA vaha saMsAra ko grahaNa karatA hai aura baMdha jAtA __isa sandarbha meM gItA meM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki - mRtyu manuSya ke hRdaya meM zoka utpanna karatA hai| manuSya mAtra ke liye mRtyu va viccheda bahuta bhayaMkara hai, tathA jIvana bahuta mUlyavAna / zoka asAdhya hai va karttavya eka kaThora vastu hotA hai| manuSya apane svArtha kI siddhi ko madhura jAnakara harSita hotA hai, duHkha mAnatA hai, ha~satA hai, rotA hai lekina, ina sabhI vRttiyoM ko koI jJAna se utpanna vRttiyA~ nahIM kaha sktaa| jJAnI vyakti zoka nahIM karatA, na mRta vyakti ke liye aura na hI jIvita ke liye kyoMki ve jAnate haiM ki mRtyu vyakti kI vAstavikatA kA anta nahIM hai| mRtyu kI rAkha para jIvana kA komala paudhA ugatA hai aura jIvana ko jIkara mRtyu kI rAkha meM visarjita ho jAtA hai aura punaH-punaH yahI cakra calA karatA hai| ataeva hama jIvana meM jo kucha karate haiM vaha jIvana ke sAtha samApta nahIM ho jAtA, balki usake karma-saMskAra Age janmAntara meM calate haiM aura apane karmoM ko phala ke rUpa meM bhoganA par3atA hai| dehinosminyathA dehe-kaumAraM yauvanaM jraa| tathA dehAntaraprApti dhIrastatra na muhyati / / gItA ke anusAra jisa prakAra jIva ko isa deha meM krama se kaumAra, yauvana, vRddhAvasthA kI prApti hotI hai, usI bhA~ti mRtyu hone para anya deha kI prApti hotI hai| janma to kevala usa deha kA hotA hai jo usane dhAraNa kiyA hai| vaha jIrNa deha ko tyAgakara nUtana deha ko dhAraNa karane se navazakti yukta ho jaayegii| isa vicAra se to prasanna hI honA cAhie, isalie inameM se kisI bhI avasthA ke liye zoka kA koI kAraNa nahIM honA caahiye| sirpha jJAnI puruSa hI deha parivartana se vyAkula aura zoka se Akula nahIM hote| ve jAnate haiM ki hamArA Atmika jIvana anAdi aura ananta hai jisakA na to koI Adi hai aura na hI anta, jo na to janmatA hai aura na hI maratA hai, jisakA na to viccheda hotA hai aura na hI kSINatA, na hI vikAsa aura na vikAra, jo ajara-amara hai, nitya-sanAtana hai| hama cirakAla se eka haiN| AtmA sadA se avinAzI hai aura sadA hI rhegii| hama jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha isI pRthvI para bhogate Aye haiN| prakRti ke vizAla raMga-maMca para ha~sane-rone kA abhinaya karate haiN| zatru

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mRtyu - AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa 153 aura mitra banakara, yuddha aura zAnti, prema aura kalaha ke rasa kA AsvAdana karate haiN| phira kala-parasoM deha tyAgakara cale jaayeNge| yaha hamArI ananta krIr3A meM kevala eka muhUrta mAtra, kSaNa bhara kA khela hai aura kucha hI kSaNoM kA prema hai| hama prakRti ke Izvara haiN| jIvana-maraNa ke kartA Izvara ke aMza haiN| hama the, hama haiM aura hama rheNge| bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke adhikArI haiN| taba mRtyu kA zoka kaisA? aura kyoM? hama to usa paramezvara ke amRta kI saMtAna haiN| Ananda kI santAna / kauna maratA hai aura mAratA hai? gItA ke anusAra - ya enaM vetti hantAraM yazcainaM manyate hatam / ubhau tau na vijAtIto nAyaM hanti na hnyte|| jo isa AtmA ko mArane vAlA mAnatA hai, aura jo ise marA huA samajhatA hai, ve donoM hI ajJAnI haiN| yathArtha jJAnI hI jAnatA hai ki AtmA na to maratI hai aura na hI kabhI mArI jAtI hai, arthAt mRtyu to kevala deha kI hI hotI hai| isa prakAra agara isa satya ko hama samajha pAte, jAna jAte to na hI mRtyu se Darate aura na hI zoka krte| jise apane marane kA bhaya hotA hai, zoka hotA hai, vaha apane Apa ke mahattva aura tattva ko samajha nahIM sktaa| mRtyu hamArA sparza taka nahIM kara sktii| manuSya kevala apane zivatva ko bhUlakara duHkhI aura zokAkula hotA hai| kyA mRtyu-cintA mahAmukti kA mArga hai? yuga-yuga se asaMkhyavAra prANI janma-mRtyu ke cakra meM ghUma rahA hai| janma-mRtyu se chuTakArA pAne ke liye manuSya ko mRtyu-cintA ko mahAsambala mAnakara grahaNa karanA hogaa| kyoMki mRtyucintA hI manuSya ko ripu kI uttejanA aura indriyoM kI pIr3A se rakSA karatI hai| viSaya-vAsanA ko naSTa karake mRtyu-cintA manuSya ke mana meM viveka-vairAgya jagAtI hai, bhogavilAsa kI icchA ko naSTakara mAnava-prANa meM mukti kI AkAMkSA jagAtI hai| jo vyakti sadA mRtyu-cintA karatA hai vaha kabhI bhI kisI pralobhana dvArA prabuddha/pralubdha nahIM hotA, kisI mAyA-moha se Abaddha nahIM hotaa| jo vyakti hara pala pratyeka bhAvanA, pratyeka cintA meM sote-jAgate mRtyu kI smRti ko mana se lagAkara rakha sakatA hai vaha zIghra hI mahAmukti pAne meM samartha hotA hai| - asala meM, hama saba avastu meM vastu bodha se, asat meM satya bodha se, va mAyA-moha meM, pitA-mAtA ke sneha aura suzruSA meM pralubdha aura mugdha hokara apanA jIvana, janma vyartha kara rahe haiN| hamAre zubha-azubha karmoM ke phala hamAre mAtA-pitA yA kuTumba ko bhugatanA nahIM hogA, yaha sirpha hameM hI bhoganA pdd'egaa| ataH hama vyartha hI mAyA-moha aura jhUThe karttavya-bodha se unake prati Abaddha hokara apane jIvana ke amUlya samaya ko naSTa kara rahe haiN| yadi isI kSaNa hamArI mRtyu hotI hai taba citA para do muTThI bhasma yA rAkha ke alAvA kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM raha

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154 . mRtyu kI dastaka jaayegaa| vipula vaibhava, aizvarya, mAtA-pitA, kuTumba, mitra, svajana aura priyajana kI lAkha koziza ke bAvajUda antima zayyA mRtyu kI goda meM hI hogii| use koI bhI TAla nahIM sktaa| isa mRtyu-cintA se kaI bar3e evaM mahAn santoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| isI mRtyu-cintA se hI vairAgya prApta kara siddhArtha ko "buddhatva lAbha huaa| isa mRtyu-cintA se hI zaMkara bAlyakAla se hI saMnyAsI hue aura isa mRtyu kI bhAvanA se hI 1896 I. meM ramaNa maharSi satraha sAla meM hI mahAn santa ke rUpa meM jAne gye| - isa sandarbha meM tattvadarzI yogiyoM kA mata hai ki sAdhAraNataH mRtyu se kucha samaya pUrva manuSya ko becainI, pIr3A aura chaTapaTAhaTa hotI hai kyoMki saba nAr3iyoM meM se prANa khiMcakara eka jagaha ekatrita hotA hai| lekina purAne samaya ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa vaha phira se nAr3iyoM meM khisaka jAtA hai, jisase eka prakAra kA AghAta lagatA hai aura yahI pIr3A kA kAraNa hai| roga, AghAta yA anya jisa bhI kAraNa se mRtyu ho rahI hai to usase bhI kaSTa hotA hai| mRtyu se pUrva prANI avazya hI kaSTa pAtA hai, cAhe vaha jubAna se use prakaTa kara sake yA na kara ske| kyoMki roga yA anya kinhIM kAraNoM se zarIra aura jIva ke bandhana TUTane Arambha ho jAte haiN| lekina jaba prANa nikalane kA samaya bilkula pAsa A jAtA hai to eka prakAra kI mUrchA A jAtI hai aura zArIrika zithilatA aura acetanAvasthA meM prANa zarIra se bAhara nikala jAtA hai| jaba manuSya marane vAlA hotA hai to usakI samasta bAhya zaktiyA~ ekatrita hokara antarmukhI ho jAtI haiM aura phira sthUla zarIra se bAhara nikala jAtI haiN| aksara Urdhva randhroM se prANa nikalate haiN| jaise - mukha, A~kha, kAna, nAka pramukha mArga haiN| yogI kevala brahmarandhra se prANa tyAga karatA hai| kabIra kahate haiM - dasa dvAre kA pIMjarA, tAke paMchI paun| rahabe ko acaraja ahai, jAta acambhau kaun|| - bIjaka, sAkhI yaha zarIra rUpI piMjar3A, jisameM (AMkheM, nAka, kAna, Adi) dasa daravAz2e hara samaya khule hoM aura usameM prANarUpI paMchI rahatA ho, to usakA usameM Tike rahanA hI Azcaryajanaka viSaya hai, ur3a jAne meM nhiiN| zarIra se prANa nikala jAne ke bAda eka vicitra avasthA A jAtI hai| jaiseki ghora parizrama se tathA thakA huA prANI komala zayyA prApta karate hI so jAtA hai, usI prakAra mRta AtmA kA jIvana bhara kA sArA zrama utArane ke liye eka nidrA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa nIMda se jIva ko bar3I hI zAnti milatI hai| marate hI nIMda nahIM A jAtI hai varan isameM kucha dera avazya lagatI hai| kAraNa yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki prANAnta ke bAda kucha samaya taka jIvana kI vAsanAe~ praur3ha rahatI haiM aura dhIre.dhIre hI nirbala par3atI haiN|

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mRtyu - AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa 155 jIvana ke isa satya ko lakSya karake DaoNkTara sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan ne eka sthAna para likhA hai - Adi se aMta taka hamArA jIvana eka prakAra kI mRtyu hai, jisakA artha hai adhika vizAla jIvana, hamAre zarIra meM prati kSaNa kozikAe~ banatI va TUTatI rahatI haiN| isI prakriyA meM jaba nayI kozikA kA bananA baMda ho jAtA hai taba sthUla zarIra ke asamAna ko loka bhASA meM mRtyu kahA jAtA hai| yogI zrI aravinda ne apane mahAn aura amarakRti sAvitrI meM sAMketika rUpa meM mRtyu kA jIvanta citraNa kiyA hai - mRtyu saMga ekAkI nikaTa vinAza chor3ake, apratima mahimA usakI aMtima raudra dazA meM, karanA hogA pAra use hI nipaTa akele| kAla-paridhi meM bhISaNa jokhima bhare setu ko aura pahu~cAnA zIrSa-bindu para jagata niyati ke, jahA~ manuja hita saba jItA yA hArA jaaye| kyA manuSya prAyaH mRta samAna hai? yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki mRta kA Azaya sirpha zava se ho| jIvita manuSya se apekSita vyavahAra ke abhAva meM hama unheM mRta samAna mAna lete haiN| jo manuSya samAja ke kAma nahIM AtA, aura apane meM hI kendrita rahatA hai, vaha mRtyu kI goda meM jItA hai| AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna-saMbaMdhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti to anya prANI bhI kara lete haiM, parantu manuSya ina AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke atirikta bhI "kucha karatA hai" aura vaha "kucha hI" usake jIvana kA saba kucha hai, usakI pU~jI hai| manuSya kA asalI svarUpa usakA "manuSyatva" hai| dharma vahI hai jisase apanA tathA dUsaroM kA pariNAma meM kalyANa ho| isa prakAra ke dharma kA AcaraNa hI manuSya-zarIra evaM jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| manuSya ko karma karane kA adhikAra prApta hai, isalie manuSya kevala "bhogayoni" nahIM hai, balki "karmayoni" hai| vaha apane karmoM ke dvArA apanA bhaviSya duHkhamaya banA sakatA hai aura sukhamaya bhii| isa siddhAnta ko samajhakara jo manuSya karmAdhikAra kA sadupayoga karatA hai vahI buddhimAna hai aura usakA jIvana-mRtyu donoM hI saphala haiN| zAstrakAroM ne manuSya mAtra ke janma ko puNya kA phala batalAyA hai aura jaba usake jIvana meM mithyAcAra, pApAcAra, durAcAra aura sampUrNa vAsanAoM kI chAyA chAyI rahatI hai to . usakA jIvana kaise zAnta aura sukhI raha sakatA hai? jaba jIvana itanA azAMtidAyaka hai to mRtyu kaSTadAyaka hogI hii| vaha to jIvita avasthA meM bhI mRta prAyaH hI hai| kyoMki usameM

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156. mRtyu kI dastaka Atma paribodha nahIM hotA, aura na Atmavivecana hii| jisako yaha bhI bhAna nahIM hai ki maiM kauna hU~ aura merI kitanI zakti hai, vaha vyakti dUsare kA vikAsa to kyA, svayaM apanA vikAsa bhI nahIM kara sktaa| vaha to kevala zarIra, svArtha, indriyoM aura mana ke irda-girda hI kendrita ho jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa usakA jIvana asatya kAryoM meM vyatIta hotA hai, vaha manuSya ke zarIra meM pazu svabhAva hone ke kAraNa logoM ke duHkhoM aura kaSToM kA kAraNa banatA hai| isaliye use "Atmabodha" hotA hI nhiiN| svAmI vivekAnanda jI kahA karate the ki jIvana kA pahalA aura spaSTa lakSaNa hai vistAra / yadi tuma jIvita rahanA cAhate ho to tumheM phailanA hogaa| jisa samaya tuma jIvana kA vistAra banda kara doge, usI kSaNa jAna lenA ki mRtyu ne tumheM ghera liyA hai| ___Atma-vistAra kA artha saMtati kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi karanA nahIM hai balki samasta prANIjagat ke prati AtmIya bhAva sthApita karane ke liye prayatnazIla bananA hai| AtmIya bhAva kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai upakAra athavA sevAbhAva / AtmIya bhAva ke vikAsa ke anupAta meM hI vyakti ko amaratva prApta hotA hai| prANI.jagat ke sAtha ekAkAra hone kI sthiti meM manuSya "sva" aura "para" kA bheda bhUlakara samaSTi ke sAtha ekarasa hokara mokSa, mukti aura nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| marane kI kalA mRtyu kA dhyAna AdhyAtmika unnati ke liye mukhya sAdhanAoM meM se eka hai| mRtyu kA dhyAna Ate hI sArA ahaMkAra cUrNa ho jAtA hai| mRtyu se jur3e vastutaH sAre manovikAra svapnavata haiM aura jIva kA sambandha kisI se bhI nahIM hai| bhAvapUrvaka mRtyu kA svarUpa hote hI sAre manovikAra vilupta ho jAte haiN| mRtyu ke uparAnta apane mAne hue saba kucha kA anta nizcit hai kyoMki mRtyu hI aTala satya hai| pahale hI kahA gayA hai ki jIvana ke sAtha mRtyu kA gaharA saMbaMdha hai| jo jInA jAnatA hai, vaha maranA bhI jAnatA hai| anAsakta yA Asakti rahita hokara jInA "jIne kI kalA" hai| isa sandarbha meM kabIradAsa jI kahate haiM - kahahiM kabIra te ubare, jAhiM na moha samAya / / unake anusAra saMsAra ke saba loga eka-na-eka dina marate hI haiM, parantu ve marane kI kalA nahIM jaante| saba taraha se anAsakta hokara nahIM marate, jisase ki punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra meM na AnA pdd'e| jagat ke saba loga to marate hI haiM parantu ve satyAsatya kA viveka nahIM krte| isa saMsAra meM loga do manaHsthitiyoM meM haiM - eka to marate haiM anAsakta hokara, svayaM viveka meM sthita hokara zarIra tyAgate haiM ve "jIvamukta hokara marate haiM, aura dUsare ve haiM - jo viSayoM, vAsanAoM meM Abaddha hokara marate haiM, jisake marane se jagat ke loga Darate haiN| kintu kabIra kahate haiM - mRtyu ko yAda karake mere mana meM Ananda utpanna hotA hai aura socatA

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mRtyu - AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa 157 hU~ ki kaba yaha zarIra chUTegA aura dehApAdhi ke duHkhoM se bhI nivRtta hokara pUrNa parama zakti meM sthita ho jaauuNgaa| ve kahate haiM - marate-marate jaga muvA, muye na jAnA koya / aisA hoya ke nA muvA, jo bahuri na maranA hoya / / marate-marate jaga muvA, bahuri na kiyA vicAra / eka sayAnI ApanI, paravasa muvA sNsaar|| ___ - bIjaka, sAkhI, 324/325 kabIra spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI kahate haiM - jehI marane se jaga Dare, mere mana Ananda / kaba marihauM kaba pAiyau, pUrana paramAnanda / / ___ - sAkhI grantha isa sandarbha meM sukarAta kI mRtyu kA udAharaNa avarNanIya hai - sukarAta ko jahara diye jAne ke samaya unake sabhI sage-sambandhI vahA~ A~sU bahA rahe the jabaki kaTutArahita unake mukhamaNDala para prasannatA, praphullatA parilakSita ho rahI thii| aisA lagatA thA ki mAno aMtas meM kisI priyajana se milane kI umaMgeM uTha rahI hoN| pAsa meM khar3e ziSyoM ne jaba isakA kAraNa pUchA to unhoMne kahA - "maiM mRtyu se sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhatA hU~ aura yaha bhI jAnanA cAhatA hU~ ki mRtyu ke bAda hamArA astitva rahatA hai yA nhiiN| mRtyu jIvana kA anta hai athavA eka sAmAnya jIvana-cakra / " aura sukarAta ko nirdhArita samaya para viSa dete samaya sabhI darzakoM kI A~kheM sajala ho utthiiN| unhoMne upasthita janasamUha ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM, eka avirala pravAha hai| jIvana kI sattA maraNoparAnta bhI banI rahatI hai|" niSkarSa uparokta vicAroM ke niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yaha prazna pramukha evaM gambhIra rUpa se sAmane AtA hai ki Akhira manuSya ko kaise jIvana-yApana karanA cAhiye, jisase antima kSaNa meM vaha nirbhaya mRtyu kI goda meM samA ske| eka sAdhAraNa sAMsArika prANI, kyA AsaktahIna aura nirvikArakartavyayukta hokara apanA pUrA jIvana vyatIta kara sakatA hai? yaha eka kaTu satya hai ki jIvana ke hara pala, hara kSaNa meM vAsanAe~, tRSNA aura svArtha aneka rUpoM meM sAthI banakara apanI bA~heM phailAye hameM pralobhana dekara pralubdha kara rahI haiM jisake kAraNa manuSya kI janma se mRtyu taka kI yAtrA duHkhI aura bhayaMkara kaSToM ke dvArA jarjarayita aura utpIr3ita hai| vaha mRtyu ke kSaNa taka prabhAvI rahatA hai| ataH prANI svAbhAvika rUpa se mRtyu ko grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| Akhira prANI kaise aura kisa rUpa meM jIvana vyatIta kare jisase sAre prapaMcoM se chuTakArA mila ske|

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158. mRtyu kI dastaka aura satya kA sAmanA karate hue satkarma kreN| isa prazna ke uttara meM mahAyogI zrI aravinda jI kA kathana zreya hai - paramocca prabho satya nitya tvameva kevalam / anuvartAmahe satyaM anujIvAma kevalam / / arthAt he parama prabhu "zAzvat satya" hama kevala terI hI AjJA mAneM aura "satya" ke anusAra jiyeN|

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amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava ___- ajaya kumAra zrIvAstava AtmA hI amRta hai| aisA hamAre zAstroM kA mata hai| "na mRtyo amRtaH" jo mRta na ho vahI amRta hai| arthAt - amRta kahate haiM mRtyu ke abhAva ko, mRtyu hI jIva ke lie sabase bar3A bhaya hai| AtmA to sadA amara hai| usakA na kabhI janma hotA hai aura na mRtyu| gItA ke anusAra - na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaHzAzvato'yaM purANo na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / / yaha AtmA kisI kAla meM na to janma letI hai aura na maratI hI hai tathA yaha na utpanna hokara phira hone vAlI hai; kyoMki yaha ajanmI, nitya, sanAtana aura purAtana hai, zarIra ke mAre jAne para bhI yaha nahIM mArI jaatii| parantu anAdi avidyA ke vazIbhUta huA yaha apane vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUla baiThA hai aura isa paMcabhautika zarIra meM hI, jo prakRti kA kArya hone ke kAraNa pariNAmI aura nazvara hai - isakI "ahaM" buddhi ho rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yadyapi uparyukta bhagavadvAkya ke anusAra zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotA, phira bhI ajJAnavaza zarIra ke nAza ko yaha apanA nAza mAnane lagA hai, zarIra ke sukha ko apanA sukha aura zarIra ke kaSTa ko apanA kaSTa mAnatA hai| zarIra ke sukha ke lie yaha aneka avaidha AcaraNa pApAcaraNa karatA hai aura phalataH bAra-bAra janma-mRtyu ke cakkara meM par3akara duHkhI hotA hai| - yaha mRtyu-bhaya cIMTI se lekara hAthI taka aura kITa-pataMgAdi nikRSTa yoniyoM se lekara uttama se uttama devAdi yoniyoM taka sabako samAna rUpa se ghere hue hai| yadyapi zAstroM meM devayoni ko amara batalAyA hai evaM saMskRta-koza meM devatAoM kA eka nAma "amara" bhI AtA hai - "amarA nirjarA devAH" tathApi devatA vAstava meM amara nahIM haiN| unakA amaratva apekSAkRta hai - ve hama martyaloka ke nivAsiyoM kI apekSA adhika dIrghajIvI hote haiN| unakI Ayu hama logoM kI Ayu se saikar3oM guNA lambI hotI hai| unakA ahorAtra hamAre eka varSa ke barAbara

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160 .. mRtyu kI dastaka hotA hai - cha: mahIne kI rAtri aura cha: mahIne kA din| jitane kAla taka bhagavAna sUrya uttarAyaNa meM rahate haiM, utane kAla taka unakA dina rahatA hai aura jitane kAla taka ve dakSiNAyana meM rahate haiM, utanI lambI unakI rAtri hotI hai| unake kAlamAna se unakI Ayu sau varSa kI hotI hai| isa prakAra unakI Ayu hama logoM kI gaNanA se 36,000 varSa se Upara hotI hai| isa prakAra se ve hamArI dRSTi meM eka prakAra amara se hI haiM, kyoMki unake eka jIvana-kAla meM hamArI haz2AroM pIr3hiyA~ samApta ho letI haiN| jaise eka macchara kI dRSTi meM hama manuSya bhI eka prakAra se amara hI haiM, kyoMki hamAre jIvana-kAla meM maccharoM kI haz2AroM pIr3hiyA~ bIta jAtI hoNgii| usI prakAra hama mAnavoM tathA martyaloka ke anya prANiyoM kI apekSA, jinakI Ayu hamArI apekSA bhI alpa hotI hai, devatAoM kA amara kahalAnA ucita hai| isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara hamAre zAstroM meM devatAoM kA amara kahalAnA ucita hai| isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara hamAre zAstroM meM devatAoM ke lie "amara" athavA "amartya" tathA bhUloka ke anya prANiyoM ke lie "martya athavA maraNadharmA', "maraNazIla", Adi zabdoM kA evaM bhUloka ke lie "martyaloka", Adi zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM devatA bhI hama mAnavoM kI bhAMti hI "martya" athavA maraNadharmA hI haiN| svargaloka se giranA hI unakI mRtyu hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM isa bAta kA pramANa milatA hai - te taM bhuktA svargalokaM vishaalN| kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti / / deva (svargaloka ko prApta hue jIva) usa vizAla svargaloka ko bhogakara puNya kSINa hone para mRtyuloka ko prApta hote haiN| yahI bAta "amRta" nAmaka divya peya ke sambandha meM bhI samajhanI caahie| "amRta" ke viSaya meM bhI zAstroM meM aise vacana milate haiM ki amRta ko pI lene para jIva amara ho jAtA hai| purANoM meM kathA AtI hai ki sRSTi ke Adi meM amRta kI prApti ke lie bhagavAn ke Adeza se devatAoM aura dAnavoM ne milakara samudra-maMthana kiyA thA aura usa maMthana ke phalasvarUpa prakaTa hue amRta ke kalaza ko dAnava loga le bhaage| dAnavoM ko amRta-pAna kA anAdhikArI samajhakara - kyoMki unake amara ho jAne para jagat kA amaMgala hI hotA - bhagavAn ne mohinI rUpa dhAraNa kara unase amRta kA ghar3A le liyA aura vaha amRta devatAoM ko pilA diyA, jisase ve amara ho gye| yajJAdi meM somapAna kA bhI bar3A mAhAtmya zAstroM meM AyA hai| bhagavatI zruti kahatI hai - "apAma somamamRtA abhUma" - hama logoM ne somapAna kiyA aura usake phalasvarUpa hama amara ho gye| gItA meM bhI somapAna ke dvArA indraloka kI prApti kI bAta navam adhyAya ke 20veM zloka meM AyI hai| parantu ina sabhI prasaMgoM meM yaha bAta samajha lene kI hai ki uparyukta amRta-pAna athavA somapAna ke dvArA jisa amaratva kI prApti kI bAta kahI gayI hai vAstava meM amara ho jAnA - janma-mRtyu ke anAdi bandhana se sadA ke lie chUTa jAnA kucha aura hI

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amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava 161 hai aura usa amRtapAna kI apekSA atyanta vilakSaNa hai| isI vAstavika amRtattva kI prApti manuSya mAtra kA parama evaM carama dhyeya honA cAhie - isIlie zAstroM meM ise "niHzreyas" athavA parama kalyANa kahA gayA hai| isI kI prApti ke lie yaha manuSya deha hameM milI hai| isakI prApti manuSya-deha meM hI sambhava hai, anya yoniyoM meM nhiiN| isIlie zAstroM ne manuSyadeha ko devatAoM ke lie bhI durlabha batAyA hai| yadi devatAoM kA amaratva hI vAstavika amaratva hotA to phira deva yoni kI apekSA manuSya yoni ko zreSTha kyoM batalAyA jAtA, kyoMki devatAoM ko to vaha amaratva sahaja hI janma se prApta hai| aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki vaha amRta kauna-sA hai, jisake pAna se manuSya sadA ke lie amara ho jAtA hai, devatAoM kI koTi ko bhI lAMgha jAtA hai, jisake pI lene para phira use mAtA kA stanapAna nahIM karanA par3atA, garbhavAsa kI yantraNA nahIM sahanI par3atI, yama yAtanA se usakA sadA ke lie chuTakArA ho jAtA hai, aura mRtyu kA dvAra usake lie sadA ke lie banda ho jAtA hai| kahanA na hogA mokSa athavA bhagavatprApti hI vaha vAstavika amaratva hai, jisakI zAstroM meM itanI mahimA gAyI gayI hai| vedoM kA tAtparya bhI usI kI prApti meM hai - "vedaizca sarvairahameva vaidyaH (vedoM ke dvArA jAnane yogya maiM - bhagavAna hI hU~)" caturvidha puruSArthoM meM sarvazreSTha puruSArtha - vAstavika puruSArtha yahI hai, manuSya kA sArA prayatna isI ke lie honA cAhie, isI meM usake janma evaM jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| jo isI jIvana meM isa amaratva ko pA letA hai, usake mAtA-pitA dhanya haiN| ___ "kulaM pavitra jananI kRtArthA vasundharA puNyavatI ca ten|" usI kA kula pavitra hai, usI kI mAtA kRtArtha hai, pRthvI bhI usI ke kAraNa puNyavatI hai| jo manuSya janma pAkara bhI manuSya jIvana kI isa amUlya nidhi se vaMcita rahatA hai, vaha jo pazu se bhI gayA-gujarA hai, zAstroM ne kRtaghna evaM "AtmahatyArA" kahakara usakI lAMchanA kI hai| gosvAmI jI ne kahA hai - jo na tarai bhava sAgara nara samAja asa paai| so kRtanindaka mandamati AtmAhana gati jaai|| isa amRtattva kI prApti ke lie zAstroM meM aneka upAya batAye gaye haiN| ve sabhI upAya amRtattva kI prApti meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa amRta hI haiN| jisa prakAra Ayurveda meM ghI ko Ayuvardhaka hone ke nAte Ayu-rUpa - jIvana-rUpa hI batAyA gayA hai (AyurveghRtama), usI prakAra lakSaNA-vRtti se amRta-pada kI prApti ke hetubhUta sabhI sAdhana amRta hI kahe jAte haiN| ina vividha amRtoM meM se eka bhI amRta kA manuSya yadi pAna kara le to vaha vAstava meM amara ho sakatA hai - isameM kiMcita mAtra bhI zaMkA ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| tyAga, samatA, satya, Adi sabhI sadguNa amRta haiN| tyAga kI mahimA sabhI zAstroM meM gAyI gayI hai| zrutiyoM meM tyAga ko spaSTa zabdoM meM amRtattva kI prApti kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| kaivalyopaniSad ke vacana haiM - na karmaNA na.prajayA dhanena tyAgenai ke amRtattvamAnazuH / /

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162. mRtyu kI dastaka na sakAma karmoM se, na santAna se aura na dhana se hI amRtattva kI prApti sambhava hai, kevala tyAga se hI mokSArthiyoM ne mokSa kI prApti kI hai| brahmacarya bhI amRta hai| zruti kahatI hai - "brahmacaryeNa tapasA devA mRtyumupAdhnataH' (brahmacarya aura tapasyA ke bala se devatAoM ne mRtyu para bhI vijaya prApta kara lii|) brahma kI prApti meM hetu hone ke kAraNa hI ise brahmacarya kahate haiM - "yadicchanto brahmacarya caranti" (kaThopaniSad 1/2/15) / gItA meM bhI isa caraNa ko jyoM-kA-tyoM duharAyA gayA hai| kAmanAoM kA tyAga. niSkAma bhAva bhI amRta hai| zruti kahatI hai - sadAsarve pramucyante kAmAye'sya hRdisthitAH / atha mo'bhRto bhavatyatra brahma smshnute|| manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM rahane vAlI kAmanAe~ jaba niHzeSa raha jAtI haiM taba yaha maraNadharmA manuSya amara ho jAtA hai aura yahA~ - isI jIvana meM vaha brahma ko prApta kara letA hai| gItA meM bhI niSkAma bhAva ko anAmaya pada - amRta pada kI prApti kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai - karmajaM buddhiyuktA hi phalaM tyaktvA manISiNaH / janma bandhavinirmuktAH padaM gcchntynaamym|| kyoMki samatvabuddhi se yukta jJAnIjana karmoM se utpanna hone vAle phUlakoM - (usakI kAmanA ko) tyAgakara janma-rUpa bandhana se mukta ho nirvikAra parama pada ko prApta ho jAte haiN| bhagavAn phira kahate haiM - prajahAti yadA kAmAnsarvAnpArtha mnogtaan| AtmanyevAtmanA tuSTaH sthitprjnystdocyte|| arjuna! jisa kAla meM yaha puruSa mana meM sthita sampUrNa kAmanAoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti tyAga detA hai aura AtmA se AtmA meM hI saMtuSTa rahatA hai usa kAla meM vaha sthitaprajJa kahalAtA hai| aura sthitaprajJa puruSa tatkAla bhagavAn ko prApta kara letA hai| kAmanA se bandhana aura kAmanA ke tyAga se bhagavatprApti rUpa zAnti milatI hai| yaha bAta pA~caveM adhyAya meM bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI gayI hai - yuktaH karmaphalaM tyaktvA zAntimApnoti naisstthikiim| ayuktaH kAmakAreNa phale sakto nibdhyte|| karmayogI karmoM ke phala ko paramezvara ko arpaNa karake bhagavatprApti rUpa zAnti ko prApta hotA hai aura sakAma puruSa kAmanA kI preraNA se phala meM Asakta hokara baMdhatA hai|

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amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava 163 paramAtmaviSayaka jJAna to amRta hai hii| zruti bhagavatI kahatI hai - "tamevaviditvAtimRtyumati / una paramAtmA ko jAna lene para manuSya mRtyu ko pAra kara jAtA hai, amara ho jAtA hai| gItA meM bhI bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki paramAtmA kA jJAna prApta karake manuSya paramAnanda rUpa amRta kA pAna karatA hai - "yajajJAtvAmRtamaznute" - yaha to huI sAdhanabhUta jJAna kI baat| sAdhyarUpa jJAna to paramAtmA kA svarUpa hI hai - "satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma / gItA bhI paramAtmA ko jJAna svarUpa batalAtI hai - "jJAnaM jJeyaM jJAnagamyam" / bhakti bhI tattva-jJAna kA sAdhana hone se amRta hai| gItA meM bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki ananya bhakti ke dvArA bhagavAna kA bhajana karane vAlA vyakti tInoM guNoM ko lA~ghakara brahma prApti ke yogya bana jAtA hai - mAM ca yo'vyabhicAreNa bhAktayogena sevte| sa guNAna samatItyaitAna brahmabhUyAya klpte|| vairAgya bhI amRta hai| rAga; sneha athavA Asakti se rahita honA hI vairAgya hai| vairAgya ko bhagavAna ne sthira buddhi kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai aura sthira buddhi puruSa tatkAla bhagavAna ko prApta kara letA hai| ___ mahAbhArata meM mahAtmA bhISma bhI bhagavaccharaNAgati se sanAtana brahma kI prApti batalAte haiN| bhISma jI kahate haiM - . . vAsudevAzrayo bho vAsudevaparAyaNaH / sarvapApavizuddhAtmA yAti brahma sanAtanamaH / / bhagavAna vAsudeva ke Azrita hokara ekamAtra unhIM ke parAyaNa, unhIM para nirbhara rahane vAlA manuSya sampUrNa pApoM se chUTakara sanAtana brahma ko prApta ho jAtA hai| yogadarzana meM bhI IzvarapraNidhAna - bhagavaccharaNAgati ko yoga athavA samAdhisiddhi kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| . bhagavAna kA caraNAmRta, unake caraNoM meM car3hI huI tulasI, sAkSAt unakA padodaka rUpa zrI gaMgAjI tathA bhagavatprasAda - ye saba bhI amRta haiN| bhagavAna ke caraNAmRta kI zAstroM meM bar3I mahimA gAyI gayI hai| padma purANa meM likhA hai - viSNoH pAdodakaM pItaM koTijanmAthanAzanam / bhagavAna viSNu kA caraNodaka pIne se karor3oM janmoM ke pApoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| isIlie use caraNAmRta kahA jAtA hai| tulasI ke sambandha meM bhI padma purANa ke vacana haiM -

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164 mRtyu kI dastaka yA dRSTA nikhilAthasaMgazamanI spRSTA va puSpAvanI rogANAmabhivanditA nirasanI siktaantktraasinii| pratyAsantividhAyinI bhagavataH kRSNasya saMropitA nyastAtaccaraNe vimuktiphaladA tasyai tulasyai namaH / / tulasIjI ke darzana mAtra se sampUrNa pApoM kI rAzi naSTa ho jAtI hai| unake sparza se zarIra pavitra ho jAtA hai, unheM praNAma karane se roga naSTa ho jAte haiM, socane se mRtyu dUra bhAga jAtI hai| tulasI kA vRkSa lagAne se bhagavAna kI saMnidhi prApta hotI hai aura unheM bhagavAna ke caraNoM para car3hAne se mokSarUpa mahAn phala kI prApti hotI hai| aise tulasIjI ko hamArA praNAma / gaMgAjI kI mahimA purANoM meM isa prakAra varNita hai - . tIrthAnAM tu paraM tIrtha nadInAmuttamA ndii| mokSadA sarvabhUtAnAM mhaapaatkinaampi|| - 43/53 gaMgA gaMgeti yo brayAda yojanAnAM shtairpi| mucyate sarvapApebhyo viSNulokaM sa gcchti|| gaMgAjI tIrthoM meM zreSTha tIrtha, nadiyoM meM uttama nadI tathA sampUrNa prANiyoM aura mahApApiyoM ko bhI mokSa dene vAlI hai| aura to aura, saikar3oM kosoM kI dUrI se bhI jo "gaMgA-gaMgA" kI raTa lagAtA hai, vaha samasta pApoM se chUTakara viSNu ke dhAma meM calA jAtA hai| bhagavatprasAda kA mAhAtmya bhI zAstroM meM bhalI-bhA~ti varNita hai| padma purANa meM AyA hai - viSNuprasAdanirmAlyaM bhuktvA dhRtvA ca mstke| vissnnurevbhvenmyo yamazoka vinAzanaH / . arcanIyo namaskAryo harireva na saMzayaH / / zrI viSNu ke prasAda rUpa nirmAlya ko khAkara aura mastaka para dhAraNa karake manuSya sAkSAt viSNu-rUpa ho jAtA hai aura yamarAja se hone vAle zoka kA nAza karane vAlA bana jAtA hai| vaha pUjana tathA vandana ke yogya zrIhari kA hI svarUpa hai - isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai| prasAda zabda ke saMskRta meM kaI artha hote haiN| bhagavAn evaM mahApuruSoM kI dayA, antaHkaraNa kI nirmalatA evaM pavitratA tathA bhagavAna ko arpita kiyA huA naivedya - ye sabhI prasAda ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| ataeva ye sabhI amRta haiM, kyoMki inameM samasta duHkhoM kI nivRtti hokara manuSya paramapada ko prApta ho jAtA hai| naivedya kI mahimA Upara sUtra-rUpa se batAyI gayI

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amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava 165 hai| antaHkaraNa kI svacchatA evaM prasannatA-rUpa prasAda kI mahimA gItA meM isa prakAra varNita hai - prasAde sarvaduHkhAnAM haanirsyopjaayte| antaHkaraNa kI prasannatA hone para isake sampUrNa duHkhoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| paramAtmaviSayaka buddhi ke prasAda se utpanna sukha ko bhI bhagavAna ne pariNAma meM amRtatulya batalAyA hai| __ jisa prakAra bhagavAna ziva viSapAna karane ke bAda tathA nAnArUpa grahaNa hone para bhI sadaiva tANDava se abhibhUta rahe ThIka usI prakAra vartamAna yuga meM bhI amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu kA tAMDava calA A rahA hai| yadi mRtyu sAkAra saguNa rUpa meM grahaNa kI jAye yA amaratva rUpa meM grahaNa kI jAye to viSarUpI mRtyu sadaiva apane Agoza meM samAhita karane ke lie uddhRta rahatI hai| vizeSataH isa loka meM aise jIva haiM jinakA jIvana satsaMga aura sadgrantha ke adhyayana para avalambita rahatA hai| vaha amaratva ko prApta karane ke bAda amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu ke tANDava se sadaiva dUra rahate haiN|

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bhAratIya paramparA meM mRtyu prasaMga vicAra - hetukara jhA "kimAzcarya?" yakSa ne yudhiSThira se prazna kiyA ki isa saMsAra meM Azcarya kyA hai? yudhiSThira ne uttara diyaa| ahanya hani bhUtAni gacchantIha ymaalym| zeSAH sthavara micchanti kimAzcaryamataH param / / arthAt saMsAra meM saba jAnate haiM ki mRtyu nizcita hai; jisakA janma hotA hai usakI mRtyu hotI hI hai; nitya asaMkhya loga marate haiM; phira bhI jo jIvita haiM, jinakI mRtyu bhI nizcit hai, ve saba jIvita rahane kI lAlasA rakhate haiM; sAre chala.prapaMca meM lage rahate haiN| isase bar3A Azcarya aura kyA hai! ' yudhiSThira kA uttara eka zAzvat satya hai| sRSTi ke AraMbha se jabase' manuSya ko jJAna hai vaha pRthvI ke jisa kSetra meM ho yA jisa samAja meM ho, hara prANI ke jIvana kA Aja taka anta hote dekhA hai| yogavAsiSTha ke vairAgya prakaraNa ke naveM zloka meM rAma vasiSTha se kahate haiM ki "mAnava kI Ayu kI kucha bhI sthiratA nahIM aura atyanta caMcalatA se paripUrNa hai, vaha cAhe jaba samApta ho jAyA karatI hai| mRtyu atyanta kaThora hotI hai . . . yauvana para mAnava garva kiyA karatA hai aura . . . kyA-kyA . . . karma karatA hai, moha meM hI samApta ho jAyA karatA hai|" rAma kI ukti meM donoM bAte haiM, yaha ki jIne kI lAlasA saboM ko sAdhAraNatayA rahatI hI hai; mRtyu nahIM ho, yaha icchA utanI hI satya hai jitanI mRtyu / mRtyu aura jIvana ke isa dvandva ke prasaMga para yudhiSThira mauna rahe aura mRtyu kI satyatA ke Age jIne kI lAlasA para 1. mahAbhArata, yakSa-yudhiSThira saMvAda, trayodazAdhika trizatatamodhyAyaH, zloka 116 | 2. yogavAsiSTha, prathama khaMDa, saMpAdaka evaM hindI anuvAda, zrI rAmazarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, uttara pradeza, 1996, pR. 163|

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bhAratIya paramparA meM mRtyu prasaMga vicAra 167 Azcarya pragaTa kiyaa| isa dvandva ko hamAre yahA~ kI vibhinna dhArmika paramparAoM meM sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ___isa sandarbha meM prazna uThatA hai ki mRtyu kise kahate haiM? mRtyu kisakI hotI hai? jIvana kI? yA jo jIvana jI rahA hai usakI? jo jIvana jI rahA hai usake pAsa kyA hai jisakA anta ho jAtA hai? yA phira, usake pAsa jo kucha hai usa sabakA anta ho jAtA hai? dattAtreya sampradAya ke anusAra, jaisAki ma.ma. gopInAtha kavirAja kahate haiM, prArabdha ke nAza hone ke bAda prANa sthUla deha se pRthak ho jAte haiN| usa samaya pA~coM prANa (apAna, udAna, vyAna, samAna aura prANa) apane mUla vAyu (apAna) meM vilIna ho jAte haiN| pA~ca vAsanAmaya viSaya pA~ca sUkSma avyakta jJAna-karaNoM meM lauTa jAte haiN| sabhI kriyA vikAra karma-karaNoM meM upasaMhRta ho jAte haiN| taduparAnta, jJAna aura karma ke ve dasoM kAraNa niSkriya hokara karttA meM vilIna ho jAte haiN| kartA bhI mana, buddhi, citta aura ahaMkAra ina cAra vRttiyoM ke lIna ho jAne para AtmaajJAna meM lIna ho jAtA hai| isa ajJAna se eka vAsanA-zarIra AvirbhUta hotA hai| sUkSma zarIra kI taraha pahale ke zarIra ko grahaNa kara jIva purAne jIrNa aura rugNa sthUla zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai| isI kA nAma mRtyu hai| yahA~ pA~ca prANa kI bAta kahI gaI hai| isameM apAna kA mUla pRthvI, udAna kA jala, vyAna kA agni, samAna kA vAyu aura prANa kA mUla AkAza hai jisake saMyoga se yAnI paJca mahAbhUta se zarIra nirmita rahatA hai, aura jisameM kramazaH pA~coM prANa vilIna ho jAte haiN| pA~ca vAsanAmaya viSaya ve haiM jinheM pA~ca jJAnendriyoM (A~kha, kAna, jihvA, tvacA, nAka) dvArA upabhoga kiyA jAtA hai aura jo vApasa apane AdhAroM yAnI avyakta jJAna-mAdhyama meM simaTa jAte haiM, arthAt avyakta ho jAte haiN| saba kriyA-vikAra yA kriyA-vyApAra avyakta ho jAte haiN| taba mRtaka yAnI kartA ke sAtha usake jJAna aura karma arthAt saMskAra raha jAte haiM aura vaha kartA ajJAna-acetana aMdhakAra meM lIna ho jAtA hai, phira sUkSma zarIra grahaNa karatA hai| isa ghaTanA ko mRtyu kahA jAtA hai jisakI vyAkhyA vibhinna matoM meM vibhinna zabdAvalI se kI gaI hai| . mRtyu kI isa vyAkhyA se itanA spaSTa hotA hai ki bhAratIya paraMparA meM mRtyu kA matalaba anta nahIM hai| zarIra ke tattvoM kA, prANa-vAyu kA apane-apane AdhAra meM mila jAnA, sthUla zarIra se usakA pRthak honA aura phira sUkSma zarIra kA udbhava honA, ye sArI bAteM mRtyu se jur3I haI haiN| anta kI bAta to mAtra sthUla deha ke svarUpa ke anta taka hI raha jAtI hai| kartA yA jIva yA vyakti ke eka pakSa yA eka AyAma - usakA sthUla zarIra kA anta prArabdha ke 3. kavirAja, ma. ma. gopInAtha, "Adiguru dattAtreya aura avadhUta darzana', bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA, prathama khaMDa, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, 1963, pR. 204 |

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168. mRtyu kI dastaka nAza hone se hotA hai| sthUla zarIra apane prArabdha yAnI apanI Ayu yA kAla se baMdhA huA hai| vyakti ke anya AyAma, jaise usake nAma, asmitA, saMsAra meM usake nAma se jur3A huA usakA karma aura usakI AtmA prAyaH kAla se usa taraha nahIM ba~dhe hue haiM jisa taraha usakA sthUla shriir| yahA~ Avazyaka hai ki kAla prasaMga para kucha vicAra kiyA jaaye| ___ zAradA tilaka (eka tAMtrika grantha) ke prathama paTala ke pA~caveM zloka ke anusAra kAla ke AvirbhAva se pahale ziva nirguNa haiN| jaba prakRti kSetra kA udaya hotA hai to ziva saguNa : ho jAte haiN| isI pustaka ke isI paTala ke sAtaveM zloka' ke anusAra prakRti kSetra kA udaya nirguNa ziva meM samAhita zakti ke prati ziva ke caitanya se prArambha hotA hai, phira bindu, nAda prabhRti hote hue saguNa rUpa meM prakRti kSetra pragaTa dIkha par3atA hai| ina zlokoM kI vyAkhyA vistAra se tAMtrika-siddhoM dvArA kI jA sakatI hai| magara Azaya yaha hai ki cetanA kI saMcAra zakti yAnI kAlI kI avadhAraNA ziva ke astitva meM hone se hotI hai| saMcAra honA kAla kA dyotaka hai; saMcAra se pahale nirguNAvasthA ke ziva kI sthiti aMdhakAramaya yA rAtri hai jahA~ kAla kI koI kalpanA nahIM hai| kAlI kI upasthiti saMcAra se prArambha hotI hai - jaba taka saMcAra hai, kAla hai| isa prasaMga meM yogavAsiSTha meM rAma kahate haiM ki "pratyakSa svarUpa to kisI ko dikhalAI nahIM diyA karatA hai kintu . . . aneka kriyAoM ke parispandana se hI isake svarUpa kA jJAna huA karatA hai| isa taraha sthUla zarIra ke saMcAra yA spandana kA anta usake kAla yAni Ayu ke anta hone se mAnA jAtA hai| - sthUla zarIra kI upamA sAdhAraNataH loga vastra se dete haiM ki jisa taraha vastra ke phaTa jAne se use tyAga diyA jAtA hai usI taraha zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa hone para usakA parityAga kara diyA jAtA hai, manuSya kI AtmA ajara-amara hai; gItA meM uddhRta zrIkRSNa kA yaha kathana sadiyoM se jana-mAnasa meM basA huA hai| isa sandarbha meM kucha aura kahanA Avazyaka nhiiN| isI taraha manuSya ke nAma aura karma ke bAre meM soca banI huI hai| hindU dharma paramparA meM pratyeka vyakti kA apane jIvana-krama meM puruSArtha kA nirvAha karanA yA prApta karanA bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| puruSArtha, jaisAki saba prAyaH jAnate haiM. cAra haiM - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa / inake Upara dharmazAstroM meM vizad rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| lekina caudahavIM-pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM mithilA ke prasiddha kavi-cintaka daNDanIti ne apanI pustaka puruSa parIkSA meM 4. nirguNaH saguNazceti zivo jJeyaH sanAtanaH / nirguNaH prakRteranyaH saguNaH sakalaH smRtaH / / 5. saccidAnanda vibhavAtsakalAt paramezvarAt AsIcchaktiH tato nAdA nAdAdavindu samudbhavaH / parazakti bhayaH sAkSAt tridhA saubhidyayate punaH bindarnAdo bIjamiti tasya bhedA smiiritaa|| 6. yogavAsiSTha, pUrva uddhRta, pR. 162 |

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bhAratIya paramparA meM mRtyu prasaMga vicAra 169 sAmAjika-rAjanItika dRSTikoNa se puruSArtha kI vivecanA kI, jo prastuta viSaya (mRtyu) ke sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa jAna par3atI hai| vidyApati kA isa prasaMga meM cintana prArambha hotA hai unake dvArA uThAye gaye eka mahattvapUrNa prazna se| apanI pustaka kIrtilatA meM ve prazna karate haiM ki kisI vyakti ke astitva kA sAra kyA hai? aura, isakA uttara dete haiM ki vyakti ke astitva kA sAra usakA mAna yAni anya logoM dvArA svIkRta usakI ijjata hai|' pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa prasaMga para vicAra kiyA hai| mArTina byUbara ke anusAra vyakti ke astitva kA sAra samAja meM isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki usake astitva ko dUsare vyaktiyoM dvArA vaha jisa sthiti meM hai aura bhaviSya meM vaha jisa sthiti meM ho sakatA hai svIkAra kiyA jaaye| vyakti ke astitva ke prasaMga para vidyApati pAzcAtya dhAraNA se bhinna to nahIM lekina usase kucha jyAdA kahate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki hara vyakti kA astitva samAja meM usake mAna yA ijjata rahane se hai| yaha mAna vaha khuda akhtiyAra karatA hai| agara usameM pauruSa hai, aura pauruSa hAsila karane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki usameM zaurya, viveka, utsAha, pratibhA, medhA evaM vidyA ho tathA vaha puruSArtha prApta kre| puruSArtha meM ve dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa cAroM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM jisameM prathama tIna to samAja meM sthita vyaktiyoM ke liye haiM, magara mokSa kI bAta unake liye hai jo samAja se yA saMsAra se alaga ho jAte haiN| mRtyu prasaMga meM vyakti ke astitva kI vivecanA ke liye dharma, artha aura kAma kI vivecanA hI mahattvapUrNa hai| dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue vidyApati kahate haiM ki kulAcAra aura sAdhAraNa dharma kA pAlana hI dharma hai| sAdhAraNa dharma ke antargata apane ko para-strI aura para dravya se dUra rakhanA tathA para-hiMsA nahIM karanA hai| arthajanita puruSArtha vaha hai jisameM vyakti ucita tarIke se arthopArjana kare aura usakA upayoga apane upabhoga ke liye tathA sAtha hI dUsare logoM yAnI sAmAjika svArtha ke liye bhI kre| vidyApati "iSTApUrta" zabda kA prayoga isa sandarbha meM karate haiM, jisakA artha hotA hai sAmAjika upayoga ke liye kuA~, tAlAba, ityAdi nirmANa krvaanaa.| kAma puruSArtha ke prasaMga meM inakA mAnanA hai ki puruSa aura strI ke bIca kAma ke sambandha kA AdhAra eka-dUsare ke prati sneha, vizvAsa, ijz2ata kI bhAvanA tathA sukha-duHkha meM sAtha-sAtha rahanA hai|10 ina sAre puruSArthoM kI prApti ke liye apane se atirikta dUsare vyaktiyoM yA pUre samAja ke prati karttavya pAlana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| samAja ke liye, 7. dekhiye vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, saM. mahAkavi vidyApatikRta kIrtilatA, sAhitya sadana, jhA~sI, 1962, pR. 15-161 8. byUbara, mArTina, da naoNleja oNpha maina, jaoNrja elena eNDa unavina, laMdana, 1965, pR. 68 / . . 9. . dekhiye, jhA hetukara, maina ina inDiyana TreDizana - vidyApatija Disakorsa oNna puruSa, Aryana buksa inTaranezanala, naI dillI, 2002, pR. 66 | 10. vahI, pR. 73-1011

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170 .. mRtyu kI dastaka jJAna ke liye, yA pUrI mAnavatA ke liye kiye gaye karma se vyakti kI kIrti hotI hai aura ijjata yA mAna bhI milatA hai| saMskRta kI eka ukti hai; "kIrtiryasya sa jIvati"; arthAt jo kIrti arjita karatA hai vahI jItA hai| usake zarIra ke anta hone para bhI vaha jIvita rahatA hai taba taka jaba taka ki usakI kIrti rahatI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa kisI ke nAma se jur3I agara koI saMsthA hai, yA usake dvArA khudavAyA huA gA~va meM tAlAba, kuA~ hai, athavA usake dvArA racita kucha pustakeM haiM, to usake zarIra ke anta hone para bhI samAja meM, logoM meM, kaI puztoM taka usake nAma ko smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai usakI kIrti ke saath| aura kucha nahIM to kama-se-kama usakI santAnoM kI pahacAna ke liye to eka do puztoM taka usake marane para bhI usakA nAma loga bhulAte nhiiN| nAma kI mahimA vaise to hara saMskRti meM hai, lekina hindU samAja meM to bahuta z2yAdA hai| yahA~ nAma-japa aura nAma-kIrtana kI bahuta purAnI paramparA hai| nAma kA astitva apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| puruSArtha prApti se isa taraha vyakti apane zarIra ke nAza hone para bhI maratA nhiiN| prArambha meM jIvana aura mRtyu ke dvandva kI bAta kahI gaI thii| isa dvandva kA samAdhAna bhAratIya paraMparA meM prAyaH isa taraha kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti kI mRtyu usakI deha ke anta se nahIM hotii| deha kA anta honA vyakti ke astitva ke eka dRSTigata AyAma kA anta hai| usake astitva ke dUsare AyAma haiM usakI kIrti jisakI Ayu usakI deha kI Ayu se bahuta z2yAdA hotI hai aura vaha bhI dRSTigata hai| ye donoM AyAma kAla ke ghere meM haiM lekina donoM ke kAla meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| vyakti ke astitva kA tIsarA AyAma hai usakI AtmA jo amara-ajara hai| isa taraha mRtyu prasaMga kAla kI gati avicchinna hai| vyakti ke astitva ke eka AyAma kA kAla nizcit hai, dUsare AyAma kA kAla* anizcit hai aura tIsarA AyAma kAla ke ghere se mukta hai| __ mRtyu kI ghaTanA sabase z2yAdA prabhAvakArI hotI hai| prakRti kI tAkatoM aura vAtAvaraNa ke prakopa ke sAmane manuSya abhI bhI apane ko kamaz2ora pAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM mRtyu jaise ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone se manuSya apane astitva ko arthahIna samajhane lagatA hai| prasiddha samAjazAstrI maiksa vebara ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM jIvana kI arthahInatA bahuta gambhIra rUpa se utpanna ho jAtI hai| jisake calate koI vyakti itanA nirAza yA hatAza ho sakatA hai ki use jIvana jIne meM bar3I duvidhA yA kaThinAI kA sAmanA karanA par3e aura vaha nahIM kara ske| samAja isa taraha chinna-bhinna ho sakatA hai| dharma aura dhArmika paramparAoM meM isa saMkaTa se trANa pAne ke liye mRtyu jaisI ghaTanA kI vyAkhyA isa taraha se prastuta kI gaI hai ki uparyukta jIvana kI arthahInatA kA saMkaTa vaicArika stara para sulajha sake, vyakti hatAza na ho jAye aura samAja bikhara na ske| 11. oDiyA, TaoNmasa epha., da soziyolojI oNpha rilIjiyana, prenTiza-haoNla oNpha iMDiyA, naI dillI, pR. 5-61

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA samAja-zAstra ke pariprekSya meM - kusuma giri jisa loka meM hama rahate haiM use mRtyuloka kahA jAtA hai| isa loka meM jo bhI prANI janma letA hai usakI mRtyu avazya hotI hai, ataH yahA~ mRtyu kI avadhAraNA sarvAnubhava, sarvakAlika evaM sArvabhauma siddha hai| yaha avadhAraNA itanI sahaja aura sarala lagatI hai ki isake vizleSaNa aura isa para vicAra karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pratIta hotii| dina-pratidina ke jIvana meM vibhinna prANiyoM ko athavA manuSya ko marate dekhakara na to kisI ko Azcarya hotA hai. aura na hI usa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai apitu sahaja rUpa se mAna liyA jAtA hai ki yaha to honA hI thaa| sambhavataH isIlie kisI bhI zAstra meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA para gaMbhIratA evaM vistAra ke sAtha koI vicAra upalabdha nahIM hotaa| cikitsA-zAstra evaM jIva-zAstra mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ko manodaihika AdhAroM para prastuta karate haiN| darzana-zAstraM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ke vivecana kA prayAsa karatA hai, kintu samAja-zAstra meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kA na to kahIM spaSTa ullekha hai aura na hI kahIM isa para gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| samAja-zAstra kA sambandha mAnava evaM mAnava samAja se hai| isalie samAjazAstrIya dRSTi se mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kA prastuta vivecana mAnava kI sAmAjika mRtyu taka hI sImita anubhava aura vicAra ke AdhAra para itanA to sarvamAnya lagatA hai ki vyaktitva kI saMracanA ke tattvoM kA vighaTana tathA usake sAratattva kA vinAza hI mRtyu hai, kintu vyaktitva kI saMracanA meM nihita tattvoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda honA svAbhAvika hai| kimbala yaMga ke anusAra vyaktitva vicAroM, abhivRttiyoM, lakSaNoM, mUlyoM evaM AdatoM kA eka saMgaThita svarUpa hai, to DIvara ke anusAra vyaktitva vyakti ke zArIrika, mAnasika aura sAmAjika guNoM kA eka samanvita evaM gatizIla saMgaThana hai| isI prakAra manu ke anusAra vyaktitva kI saMracanA

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172 mRtyu kI dastaka vyavahAra ke pratimAna, ruciyoM, abhivRttiyoM, kSamatAoM evaM yogyatAoM kA eka viziSTa saMgaThana hai| . ukta vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti ke sampUrNa vyaktitva kI saMracanA mukhya rUpa meM tIna upasaMracanAoM - daihika saMracanA, manovaijJAnika saMracanA evaM sAmAjika saMracanA meM vibhakta hai| daihika saMracanA ke antargata snAyu maMDala, indriyA~, prANa evaM inakA pArasparika sambandha sammilita hai| manovaijJAnika saMracanA meM mUla pravRttiyA~, preraNA, uddezya, pratyakSIkaraNa, sIkhanA evaM cetanA kA pArasparika sambandha sannihita hai| sAmAjika saMracanA meM, jo vyaktitva kI sabase mahattvapUrNa upasaMracanA hai, sabhI sAmAjika saMsthAoM (prAthamika aura dvitIyaka) kI bhUmikAyeM sammilita haiN| kArDinara ne bhI ina do prakAra kI saMracanAoM aura vyaktitva ke bIca kAryakArI sambandha kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| mAnava vyaktitva kI ina tIna upa-saMracanAoM ke AdhAra para mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kI bhI tIna dRSTikoNoM se vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| sAmAnyatayA jaivikIya dRSTi se hI mRtyu ko mRtyu samajhA jAtA hai| isameM daihika saMracanA meM una tattvoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai jo deha aura prANa meM prakAryAtmaka samanvaya ko banAye rakhate haiN| yadi vicAra kiyA jAye to manovaijJAnika evaM sAmAjika saMracanA kI samanvayAtmaka tattvoM kA bhI usI prakAra nAza hotA hai kintu use mRtyu kI saMjJA nahIM dI jAtI hai| jabaki manovaijJAnika evaM sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se yaha bhI mRtyu hai| jisa prakAra jaivikIya mRtyu kI vyAkhyA vyakti ke jaivikIya pariveza meM kI jAtI hai usI prakAra vyakti kI sAmAjika mRtyu kI vyAkhyA bhI usake sAmAjika pariveza ke AdhAra para kI jAnI caahie| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vyakti kA jaivikIya dRSTi se astitva rahane para bhI yadi usakA sAmAjika pariveza vighaTita ho jAtA hai to vaha sAmAjika dRSTi se mRta ho jAtA hai kintu yadi vyakti jaivikIya dRSTi se mRta hai aura usakA sAmAjika pariveza gatizIla hai to aisI sthiti meM vyakti sAmAjika dRSTi se jIvita mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaise ve saMta, mahAtmA yA mahApuruSa, jo jaivikIya dRSTi se jIvita to nahIM haiM kintu apane vicAroM, siddhAntoM, AdarzoM, Adi ke dvArA vyakti evaM samAja kA mArga-nirdezana karate rahate haiM tathA mAnava jAti evaM samAja ke preraNA-srota hote haiM, sAmAjika dRSTi se jIvita hote haiN| kintu ve loga jo jaivikIya dRSTi se kevala nijI hitoM ke liye hI jIvita haiM, ve vAstava meM sAmAjika dRSTi se mRta haiN| lekina pratyeka samAja meM adhikAMza vyaktiyoM ke jaivikIya evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM itanA adhika ghaniSTha sambandha hotA hai ki unameM bheda karanA kaThina hotA hai| ataH aise vyaktiyoM kI jaivikIya evaM sAmAjika mRtyu eka sAtha mAnI jA sakatI hai| ____ yahA~ jisa sAmAjika mRtyu ke sambandha meM vivecana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, usake sambandha meM samAja-zAstra meM kahIM koI spaSTa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isalie hameM

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : samAja-zAstra ke pariprekSya meM 173 una paristhitiyoM, kArakoM tathA AdhAroM kI vyAkhyA evaM ullekha karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai jinake AdhAra para sAmAjika mRtyu kI avadhAraNA ko sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura eka naye dRSTikoNa se usakI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| samAja-zAstra meM, gaMbhIratApUrvaka do mahattvapUrNa viSayoM ko vizleSita kiyA jAtA hai - pahalA AtmahatyA aura dUsarA vicalanakArI vyavahAra yA visaMgati / Adhunika samAja ke sandarbha meM vartamAna samAjazAstriyoM ke samakSa AtaMkavAda bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sAmAjika samasyA ke rUpa meM upasthita huA hai| jahA~ taka AtmahatyA evaM vicalana ke kAraNoM kA sambandha hai usake bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kahIM-na-kahIM ve kAraNa sarvaprathama vyakti kI sAmAjika mRtyu ke liye uttaradAyI haiN| isI prakAra yadi AtaMkavAda ke kAraNoM para bhI gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAye to yahA~ bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki eka AtaMkavAdI vyakti kI pahale hI sAmAjika mRtyu ho cukI hotI hai| ina tInoM prakAra kI sAmAjika mRtyu meM bhI antara hai| jaise AtmahatyA ke pUrva sAmAjika dRSTi se mRta vyakti apane jIvana ko nirarthaka samajhakara jIvana kA aMta kara detA hai jise durthIma ne ahaMvAdI AtmahatyA kI saMjJA dI hai| isI prakAra vicalanakArI vyavahAra vAle vyaktiyoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhakara unakI sAmAjika mRtyu kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| prathama varga meM una vyaktiyoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai jo hatAzanirAza evaM kuMThAgrasta hokara vyavahAra karate haiM tathA eka sAmAjika prANI ke rUpa meM unakA jIvana nirarthaka ho cukA rahatA hai kyoMki ve samAja ke prati apanA koI uttaradAyitva nahIM smjhte| dUsarI zreNI meM ve vyakti Ate haiM jo samAja svIkRta lakSyoM evaM sAdhanoM ke sthAna para apane dvArA banAye lakSyoM evaM sAdhanoM ko apanAkara apanI AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti meM lage rahate haiN| aise logoM ko samAja apane se alaga evaM bahiSkRta samajhatA hai aura sAmAjika dRSTi se mRta samajhatA hai kyoMki aise loga samAja meM vighaTanakArI sthiti ko janma dene kA kArya karate haiN| tIsarI zreNI meM ve vyakti Ate haiM jo sampUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA se saMbaMdhita AdarzoM, lakSyoM, mUlyoM, mAnyatAoM, niyamoM, Adi ko nirarthaka mAnate haiM aura apane nijI svArthoM ke AdhAra para manamAnI vyavasthA lAnA cAhate haiN| aise logoM kI dRSTi meM sampUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA inake sandarbha meM mRta hotI hai aura samAja kI dRSTi meM ye mRta hote haiN| ukta vivecanA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmahatyA evaM vicalanakArI vyavahAra karane vAle vyakti sAmAjika dRSTi se pahale hI mRta ho cuke rahate haiM isIlie ve aisA vyavahAra karate haiM jo sAmAjika vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM na to saMgata hotA hai aura na hI sArthaka / jahA~ taka tIsare viSaya AtaMkavAda kI samasyA kA prazna hai vahA~ isake kAraNoM para gaMbhIratApUrvaka evaM vyApaka vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| aba taka aisA pAyA jAtA rahA hai ki yadi koI vyakti kisI vyakti samUha yA vyakti kI hatyA karatA thA to usake pIche usa vyakti yA samUha ke dvArA usake nijI svArthoM kI pUrti meM bAdhA utpanna karane ke

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174 mRtyu kI dastaka tattva nihita hote the kintu vartamAna samaya meM AtaMkavAda se jur3A AtaMkavAdI yadi kisI vyakti yA samUha kI hatyA karatA hai to usake pIche usa vyakti yA samUha se usake mAnya hitoM kA kahIM bhI TakarAva nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ maiM yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhatI hU~ ki eka AtaMkavAdI samUha kA bhI apanA koI-na-koI lakSya, uddezya yA Adarza hotA hai jo dhArmika, sAMskRtika, rASTrIya, jAtIya kucha bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu usake dvArA jo vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai usase usake kisa lakSya yA uddezya kI pUrti ho rahI hai yaha eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| lekina yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka AtaMkavAdI jisa prakAra kA vyavahAra karatA hai aisA vyavahAra vahI kara sakatA hai jo jIvita to hai kintu kevala jaivikIya dRSTi se, sAmAjika dRSTi se vaha pUrNarUpeNa mRta ho cukA ho| sAmAjika mRtyu se sambandhita apanI ukta sthApanA ke samarthana ke liye maiM una sAmAjika vicArakoM ke vicAroM ko rakhanA cAhatI hU~ jinhoMne AtmahatyA evaM vicalanakArI vyavahAroM kI na kevala vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai balki una sAmAjika kArakoM evaM paristhitiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jinase prerita hokara vyakti AtmahatyA karatA hai yA vicalanakArI vyavahAroM ko janma detA hai| isa sambandha meM maiM sabase pahale durthIma kA nAma lenA cAhU~gI jinhoMne sabase pahale AtmahatyA ke mUla meM nihita vaiyaktika kArakoM kA khaNDana kara isa bAta kI sthApanA kI hai ki AtmahatyA vizuddha rUpa se eka sAmAjika tathya yA ghaTanA hai aura isakA kAraNa sAmAjika saMracanA meM nihita hai| durthIma ke AtmahatyA-sambandhI vizleSaNa evaM AtmahatyA-sambandhI AMkar3oM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AtmahatyA se pUrva vyakti kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM apane ko samAja se pUrNa rUpa se tyakta huA pAtA hai aura usakA apanA astitva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| ye sthitiyA~ usakI sAmAjika mRtyu kI dyotaka haiN| isI prakAra marTana, pArsansa, maikAivara, Adi sAmAjika vicArakoM ne bhI vyakti ke vicalanakArI vyavahAroM yA niyamahInatA ke kArakoM kI jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai usase bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa sthiti meM vyakti aura samAja ke bIca jo samanvayAtmaka prakAryAtmaka saMbaMdha honA cAhie vaha nahIM raha jAtA aura yaha sthiti bhI usakI sAmAjika mRtyu kI dyotaka mAnI jA sakatI hai| sAmAjika mRtyu se saMbaMdhita ukta vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti kI sAmAjika mRtyu ke liye kahIM-na-kahIM sAmAjika saMracanA, vyavasthA, Adarza, mUlya, niyama, mAnyatAyeM, Adi uttaradAyI hotI haiN| yadi bhAratIya sAmAjika vyavasthA ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAye to kucha udAharaNa sAmAjika mRtyu kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara varga vizeSa kI vidhavAoM ko yadi dekhA jAye to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rUr3hiyoM aura paramparAoM se ba~dhI ye vidhavAyeM kevala jaivikIya dRSTi se hI jIvita haiM jabaki sAmAjika dRSTi se inakI mRtyu ho cukI hotI hai| zubha avasaroM

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA : samAja-zAstra ke pariprekSya meM 175 para inakI upasthiti, acche vastra, AbhUSaNa, saundarya vRddhi kI sAmagriyoM, susvAdu bhojana, ArAmadAyaka jIvana, Adi kA pUrNa rUpa se niSedha kA honA inakI sAmAjika mRtyu kA dyotaka hai| isI prakAra eka parityaktA evaM niHsaMtAna strI ko bhI udAharaNasvarUpa liyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya samAja meM kucha sthAnoM para vRddhAzramoM kI bhI vyavasthA hai jahA~ vRddha evaM vRddhAyeM upekSita jIvana jI rahe haiN| vAstava meM yadi dekhA jAye to unameM se aneka vRddha mahilA evaM puruSa bhare-pUre evaM saMpanna parivAra ke hote haiM kintu na to unake parivAra kA koI sadasya unase milane AtA hai aura na hI apane parivAra se unheM koI Arthika sahAyatA prApta hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM kyA yaha kahanA anucita hogA ki ve kevala zArIrika dRSTi se jIvita haiM kintu sAmAjika dRSTi se mRta haiN| itanA hI nahIM asAdhya roga se grasta rogI jaise eDsa, Adi bhI sAmAjika rUpa se mRta vyaktiyoM ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| prastuta nibandha meM jisa sAmAjika mRtyu kI avadhAraNA kA vivecana evaM vizleSaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai vaha avadhAraNA bhale hI nahIM lagatI ho kintu vAstava meM yaha naI nahIM hai| pratyeka yuga aura pratyeka samAja meM yaha avadhAraNA apane kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna rahI hai| gItA meM bhI bhagavAna kRSNa apane upadeza meM arjuna se kahate haiM ki jo vyakti mahattvapUrNa sammAna ke pada para pratiSThita hai, yadi usakI apakIrti hotI hai to yaha apakIrti mRtyu se bhI adhika duHkhadAyI hai| isI bAta ko gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI isa prakAra kahA hai - sambhAvitakara apayaza lAhU maraNa koTi sama dArUNa daahuu| aise hI aneka udAharaNa sAhityoM se upalabdha ho sakate haiN| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jina samAjoM kI saMracanA jitanI hI jaTila hogI una samAjoM meM sAmAjika mRtyu kI saMbhAvanAyeM bhI utanI hI adhika hoNgii| itanA hI nahIM yaha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa bindu hai ki una samAjoM meM jahA~ vyakti ke sampUrNa vyaktitva evaM usake sampUrNa kriyA-kalApoM kA mUlyAMkana mAnavIya mUlyoM ke sthAna para Arthika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAyegA vahA~ bhI sAmAjika mRtyu. kI daroM meM vRddhi kI saMbhAvanAyeM adhika hoNgii|

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA eka samAjazAstrIya anudRSTi - - suSamA khannA mAnava astitva ke saMdarbha meM "mRtyu" eka zAzvat ghaTanA hai| kaThopaniSad meM aisA ullekha hai ki naciketA "mRtyu" se usakA rahasya pUchatA hai'| mRtyu-saMbaMdhI satya kA jJAna hameM apanI niyati taka pahu~cA sakatA hai| usake jJAna ke binA parama puruSArtha kI siddhi asambhava hai| naciketA ko yama nAnA prakAra ke sAMsArika upabhogoM ko pradAna karane kI carcA karatA hai para mRtyu-saMbaMdhI prazna na karane ko kahatA hai| lekina naciketA apanI jijJAsA para dRr3ha rahatA hai| yama usakI jijJAsA-dRr3hatA se prabhAvita ho mRtyu-saMbaMdhI mahattvapUrNa jJAna detA hai| mRtyusaMbaMdhI ye hI vicAra hameM zrImadbhagavadgItA tathA dUsare vedAnta granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| mRtyu mAnavIya astitva kI samApti nahIM hai kyoMki manuSya kI AtmA nitya evaM zAzvat hai| yaha AtmA na to janma letI hai aura na hI mRtyu kA AliMgana karatI hai| samaya ke prabhAva meM mAnava zarIra jIrNa ho jAtA hai, mRtyu isI jIrNa zarIra kI samApti hai / paramparAgata bhAratIya darzana ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki "mRtyu vastutaH sthUla zarIra kI hI samApti hai| mRtyu ke bAda punarjanma hotA hai| ataH mRtyu AtmA ke jIrNa deha rUpI vastra kA tyAga mAtra hai| __ prastuta prapatra meM mRtyu-saMbaMdhI vicAroM kI vedAntI vyAkhyA na kara samAjazAstrIya adhyayana ke vibhinna pariprekSyoM meM astitvavAdI pariprekSya ke Aloka meM isa sandarbha ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA eka laghu prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| astitvavAda bIsavIM zatAbdI ke saMkaTa kA saMdarza hai| isa cintAkula yuga ke anurUpa jIvana kA siddhAnta astitvavAda meM milatA hai| Aja eka ora vijJAna kI bhautikavAdI dhArA ne manuSya ko astitvahIna banA diyA hai to dUsarI ora 1. kaThopaniSad, 1/1/20 (sAMkara bhaassy)| 2. kaThopaniSad 1/2/18 (sAMkara bhaassy)| 3. gItA, 2/221

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - eka samAjazAstrIya anudRSTi 177 tathAkathita lokataMtrAtmaka evaM samAjavAdI samAja ke sarvahArA prabhAva meM vyakti kA astitva niHzeSa ho gayA hai| ____ astitvavAda darzana na hokara eka prakAra kI dArzanika pravRtti hai| kyoMki paramparAgata darzana meM kisI sarvavyApI sAra-tattva ko khojane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, parantu astitvavAdI sAra-tattva se pUrva "astitva ke prazna se saMbaMdhita hai| manuSya kyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara khojane se pUrva "manuSya kA astitva kyA hai?" isa prazna kA uttara khojanA Avazyaka hai| astitva ke bAda hI sAra-tattva kI bAta karanA tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| DekArTa kA prasiddha uddharaNa - "maiM socatA hU~, isalie merA astitva hai" astitvavAdI dvArA svIkArya nahIM hai| usake anusAra jaba taka manuSya kA astitva hI nahIM hai, taba taka vaha vicAra kaise kara sakatA hai| kyoMki vicAra karane ke sAmarthya ke pUrva vicAra karane kA astitva Avazyaka hai| ataH astitvavAdI DekATeM ke vAkya ko saMzodhita kara isa prakAra prastuta karatA hai, merA astitva hai ataH vicAra ke lie mere andara eka pUrvApekSA hai| mArTina hAiDegara jo eDamaNDa husarla ke vidyArthI the isa pariprekSya ke pramukha vyAkhyAtA the| mArTina hAiDegara isa vicAra ke poSaka haiM ki hamArA astitva mRtyonmukha sat hai| mRtyu ke saMdarbha meM saralatama bAta yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSya ko svayaM apane lie mRtyu kA vyaktikaraNa avazya kara lenA caahie| jaba maiM apane mitra kI mRtyu kA samAcAra pAtA hU~, usakI antyeSTi kriyA meM sammilita hotA hU~, athavA sar3aka para jAtI huI arthI ke pIche usa samaya pha~sa jAtA hU~ aura merI gati manda ho jAtI hai, jaba maiM apanI nayI niyukti ko prApta karane kI kalpanA ke sAtha hotA hU~, taba maiM mRtyu kA sAkSAtkAra sat ke rUpa meM na kara kevala sAmAjika rUpa meM, vastugata ghaTanA ke rUpa meM karatA huuN| mere lie mRtyu taba taka apanA sahI artha denA Arambha nahIM karatI jaba taka maiM yaha nahIM mAna letA hU~ ki mRtyu apane gambhIra arthoM meM "merI mRtyu" hai, kucha aisI vastu jo mere Upara bhI ghaTita hogii| arthAt mRtyu mere svayaM ke Atmatva kI "tathyatA' kA aMga hai| yaha kucha aisI vastu nahIM hai jise bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM AtmA kI bhAvI saMbhAvyatAoM meM se eka ke rUpa meM anubhava kiyA jAnA hai| "maiM jo kucha karatA hU~ usakI paravAha na karate hue yaha mujha para ghaTita hogii|" yaha mAno mujhe ThIka usI samaya pradAna kara dI gayI hai jaba janma ke dvArA AtmA ke rUpa meM mujhe astitva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| mere svayaM ke astitva kI tathyatA se sAmanA karane vAle aMga ke rUpa merI svayaM kI mRtyu ke viSaya meM aisI sIdhI bAta karanA bhI mere lie prAmANika astitva rakhane ke lie Avazyaka hai| jaba taka maiM mRtyu ko apane se dUra eka aisI vastu ke rUpa meM jo sAmAnya manuSyoM para ghaTita hotI hai, rakhatA hU~ athavA jaba taka maiM isakA vicAra kucha samaya taka dUra kara detA hU~, jaba taka dUra kA kala, jisameM yaha ghaTita hogI, nahIM AtA, taba taka maiM apane astitva kI prakRti ko pUrNataH mAnyatA pradAna nahIM karatA huuN| maiM "svayaM" banane ke lie mujhe apane astitva ke kendrIya tattva ke rUpa meM mRtyu kA AliMgana khule rUpa meM avazya karanA caahie|

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178 mRtyu kI dastaka isake alAvA maiM yaha bahAnA karane kA prayAsa kara rahA hU~ ki maiM usa prakAra kA astitva hU~ jisake lie mRtyu sambhava nahIM hai| mRtyu manuSya kI carama sambhAvanA hai| mRtyu kI ora prakSipta hone kA tathya "cintA" se prakaTa hotA hai| manuSya apanI mRtyu kI ciMtA kA sAmanA karane, usakI pratIkSA karane ke bajAya isa ciMtA se bhAgane ke lie bhIr3a kI gumanAmI meM bhAga jAtA hai aura socatA hai ki logoM ko kisI dina maranA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaha yaha socatA hai ki kisI tRtIya vyakti ko maranA hai, vaha svayaM apane sambandha meM mRtyu ko nakAratA hai| TaoNlasTAya kI prasiddha kahAnI "ivAna ilica kI mRtyu" meM yaha spaSTa dikhAyA gayA hai ki mRtyu kI, sarva sAmAnya samasyA ko vyaktigata samasyA "ki mujhe maranA hai" isa rUpa meM lenA atyanta kaThina hai| mRtyu kI ciMtA ko svataMtratApUrvaka svIkAra karate hue yaha mAnanA ki merI mRtyu merI hai aura yaha kisI kSaNa A sakatI hai, mere sthAna para koI dUsarA nahIM mara sakatA, apanI mRtyu ke sammukha maiM akelA hU~, ise mRtyu kI svataMtratA kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH mRtyu mAnavIya jIvana kI carama pariNati hai| pramukha astitvAdI ciMtaka sArca ke mRtyu-sambandhI vicAra kA vikAsa hAiDegara ke mRtyudarzana ke virodha meM huA hai| sArca isa mata ke poSaka dikhalAI par3ate haiM ki mRtyu manuSya kI carama sambhAvanA nahIM hai aura na hI usakA sat mRtyonmukha satya hai| saca to yaha hai ki svanirmita sat kabhI apanI mRtyu kA sAmanA hI nahIM karatA, kyoMki jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka mRtyu nahIM hai| sArca ke anusAra manuSya vaha nahIM hai jo vaha hai| vaha sadaiva sva-nirmANa kI prakriyA hai| manuSya hone kA abhiprAya bhaviSya ke prati yojanA ke lie svataMtra honA hai, apanI sambhAvanAoM ke prati svataMtra honA hai, lekina mRtyu hamAre samakSa sAmane khar3I dIvAra kI bhAMti AtI hai jisake pare hama nahIM jA sakate, yojanA nahIM banA sakate arthAt mRtyu hamArI sambhAvanAoM kA niSedha mAtra hai| yaha hamArI samasta pariyojanAoM ko samApta kara detI hai arthAt mRtyu manuSya kI sImA hai| sva-nirmita sat ke rUpa meM maiM apanA vartamAna hU~, bhaviSya ke prati apanI kArya-yojanA hU~, jabaki merA atIta svayaM meM sthita jagat kA aMga ho gayA hai| mRtyu ke samaya maiM pUrNa rUpa se atIta ho jAU~gA aura yaha atIta cU~ki svayaM meM sthita sat hai, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mRtyu sva-nirmita sat ko svaniSTha sat "vastu" ke rUpa meM badala detI hai| isIlie sAtra ke vicAroM meM vaha virodhAbhAsa dikhalAI par3atA hai, jisameM jIvita manuSya ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha nahIM hai aura mRta vyakti ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha hai| sArca mRtyu ko eka Akasmika tathya mAnate haiN| unake anusAra janma kI taraha mRtyu bhI eka tathya hai jo bAhara se mere nikaTa AtA hai| jisa para merA basa nahIM hai| mRtyu eka mAnavIya 4. vIiMga eNDa nathiMganesa, pR. 1701

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mRtyu kI avadhAraNA - eka samAjazAstrIya anudRSTi 179 tathya hai jo mAnava-jIvana se pare nahIM, mAnava-jIvana kI sambhAvanA nahIM, apitu jIvana kI eka sImA hai| cUMki manuSya kA sambandha mAnavIya tathyoM se hI hotA hai ataH yaha mAnavIya tathya hai| sArR mRtyu para apane vicAra vyakta karate hue yaha spaSTa karanA cAhate haiM ki mRtyu sampUrNa mAnava sambhAvanAoM kA nirarthaka vikAsa hai, mAnava aham kI arthahIna aMtyeSTi hai| mRtyu mAnava jIvana ko koI artha pradAna nahIM karatI apitu sampUrNa jIvana kI nirarthakatA ko bhalI-bhA~ti pragaTa kara detI hai| yaha arthahIna hai ki hama paidA hue the aura yaha bhI arthahIna hai ki hama marate haiN| isa prakAra mRtyu aura jIvana ke sambandha meM mRtyu kI vizad vyAkhyA karane kI jo astitvavAdI dRSTi hai usase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jIvana aura mRtyu eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| sikke ke eka ora kisI AkRti ke "zIrSa bindu' aura dUsarI ora adhibhAga hotA hai| arthAt eka ora jIvana aura dUsarI ora mRtyu hai| eka ora mRtyu hai to dUsarI ora jIvana hai| pratyeka samaya jIvana ke sabhI dinoM meM hama marate rahane kI prakriyA meM haiM, jabaki hama jIvita rahane kI prakriyA meM bhI haiN| isa dRSTi se mRtyu ko AtmA ke rUpa meM mere astitva ke vibhinna pahaluoM meM avazya dekhA jAnA cAhiye arthAt mRtyu ko kisI bhI samaya pUre jIvana kI vartamAna saMbhAvyatA ke rUpa meM dekhA jAnA caahiye| 5. vIiMga eNDa najiMganesa, pR. 695 | 6. vahI, pR. 6991

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melAna eka loka avadhAraNA - rAghavendra pratApa siMha Aja mRtyu kA varaNa vicAra-vimarza kA viSaya ho gayA hai| kaI loga AtmahatyA kara lete haiM, ugravAdI mizana ke lie aisA karate haiM, sainika zahIda hote haiM, vairAgI samAdhi lete haiM, kucha vidhavAe~ satI hotI haiM, rAjapUtaniyA~ kAmI mugala AkrAntAoM se bacane ke lie hI jauhara karatI thiiN| kucha paMthoM meM to sAmUhika AtmahatyA kI prathA hai, asAdhya roga se grasita vyaktiyoM ko jIvana-lIlA samApta karane kA cikitsakIya upAya hai, kucha marIz2a mRtyu kI prApti ke lie davAe~ lenA banda kara dete haiM, jaina dharma meM saMthArA lenA bhI mRtyu prApti kA eka sAdhana hai| ___ bhAratIya dArzanika cintana paramparA meM mRtyu aura jIvana ko eka hI sikke ke do pahalU ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya loka paramparA bhI isI dArzanika paramparA kA anukaraNa karatI pratIta hotI hai| melAna nAmaka loka avadhAraNA meM vyakti mRtyu kA anubhava karatA hai| jahA~ jIvana hai, vahIM mRtyu hai| jIvana aura mRtyu donoM eka-dUsare se saMpRkta haiN| isa loka avadhAraNA meM jIvana ko mRtyu se jor3A gayA hai| isa pravidhi meM sambandhita vyakti ko mRtyu svayaM khoja letI hai| ___ loka pracalita yaha avadhAraNA mUlataH baliyA janapada ke sikandarapura tahasIla ke antargata 25 ki.mI. ke vistRta kSetra meM sthita grAmoM - ekalaI, sikandarapura, tenduA aura kuNDIDIha ke sarvekSaNa para AdhArita hai| ina grAmoM se maiMne kramazaH 3,1,1,1 vyaktiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra prazna-tAlikA ke mAdhyama se liyaa| isake atirikta anya logoM se bhI carcA huI jo vibhinna sAmAjika vargoM aura grAmoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| ___ melAna nAmaka loka avadhAraNA meM vyakti kisI tAMtrika dvArA apane zatru ke Upara abhicAra kriyAe~ karavAtA hai, jisase lakSita vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| sarvaprathama miTTI

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melAna eka - loka avadhAraNA 181 ke bartana meM ATe kA putalA banAkara maMtra dvArA use jAgRta kiyA jAtA hai evaM use zatru ke Upara bhejA jAtA hai| jisa vyakti ke Upara melAna kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, usakA ceharA vikRta dikhAI dene lagatA hai| yaha usake melAna se grasita hone kA lakSaNa hai| melAna bhejane ke sambandha meM yaha bhI pracalita hai ki kisI jAnavara kI bali dekara usakI AtmA ko tAMtrika apane vaza meM kara lete haiM aura usa vazIbhUta AtmA ko lakSita vyakti ke pAsa usake nAma, sthAna aura Ayu ke AdhAra para bhejate haiN| isI AdhAra para melAna apane lakSya kI ora calatA hai| lakSita vyakti jisa grAma meM nivAsa karatA hai, vahA~ ke grAma devatA melAna se usako bacAne kA prayAsa karate haiN| isalie melAna bhejane se pUrva hI sambandhita grAma ke devatA ko pUjApATha dvArA prasanna kara apane pakSa meM karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| melAna ke sambandha meM eka avadhAraNA yaha bhI hai ki tAMtrika kar3Ahe meM ghI, battI, Adi sAmagrI rakhakara maMtra ke dvArA use jAgRta karatA hai| maMtrabala se kar3AhA calatA hai aura apane lakSya taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| aisI bhI janazruti hai ki miTTI kI mUrti banAkara usakI pUjA kI jAtI hai tathA ise kuza dvArA pratidina chedana kiyA jAtA hai| mUrti chedana se lakSita vyakti ko kaSTa hotA hai jaiseki vAstava meM use hI chedana dvArA pratAr3ita kiyA jA rahA ho| yaha pratAr3anA pUrNAhuti ke dina taka calatI hai| pUrNAhuti ke dina vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, isake atirikta, isa avadhAraNA meM tatkAla mRtyu kI bhI vyavasthA upalabdha hai| lakSita vyakti ko agara yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usa para melAna kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to vaha kisI tAMtrika (zyAne) kI sahAyatA use vApasa bhI lauTA detA hai| lekina lauTAne kI yaha prakriyA usI avasthA meM saMbhava hai jaba taka ki lakSita vyakti jIvita hai tathA lauTAne vAlA tAMtrika melAna bhejane vAle tAMtrika kI apekSA adhika siddhi-sampanna ho| kabhI-kabhI melAna lakSita vyakti ko nahIM prApta kara pAtA hai, to vaha svayaM hI vApasa lauTa AtA hai| melAna ko agara maMtrabala se lauTAyA jAtA hai to yaha bhejavAne vAle ko nukasAna pahuMcAtA hai| parantu lakSya prApti kI asamarthatA kI avasthA meM tAMtrika ko hI nukasAna pahu~cAtA hai| yaha lakSya prApti kI asamarthatA nirdiSTa sthala para vyakti kI anupasthiti kI upaja hotI hai| isa sambandha meM eka grAmINa ne eka parivAra kI ghaTanA sunAyI jisa para melAna bhejA gayA thaa| kintu usa parivAra kI eka vivAhita lar3akI ne jo svayaM tAMtrika thI, pUre parivAra ko ghara chor3akara turanta gA~va kI sImA se bAhara cale jAne ko khaa| ve gA~va kI sImA se bAhara cale gye| melAna AyA kintu kisI ko na pAkara vApasa lauTakara tAntrika kI patnI ko mAra ddaalaa| (bicchU ke rUpa meM Akara use kATa liyA jisase usakI mRtyu ho gyii)| .. melAna jAgRt karane kI abhikriyA meM jo UrjA utpanna hotI hai usakA kSaya karanA asaMbhava hai| bhejane vAlA tAMtrika agara samartha hotA hai to lauTAe hue melAna ko aura adhika

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182 . mRtyu kI dastaka prabhAvI banAkara punaH vApasa bheja detA hai| kintu agara isameM sakSama nahIM rahatA hai to melAna ko kisI pazu yA per3a-paudhe para Aropita kara detA hai| melAna Aropita pazu hiMsaka ho jAtA hai, jise grAmINa kSetra meM bhUtahA pazu ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| aksara yaha sA~r3a yA bhaiMse ke sAtha sunA jAtA hai| agara per3a-paudhe para melAna kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha sUkha jAtA hai| melAna jise "pUrAcarana" aura "mUMTha" bhI kahA jAtA hai sirpha zatrunAzana ke lie hI nahIM upayukta hai, apitu isake prayoga kA eka ujjvala pakSa bhI hai| sAmAnyataH abhI taka isakI zatrunAzaka vidhi hI adhika prayoga meM lAyI jAtI rahI hai| isake dvArA ghara chor3akara bhAge hue ko bhI vApasa bulAyA jA sakatA hai| isakA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa upayoga mRtyu prApti ke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai| lekina isa mRtyu prApti kA uddezya zatrutA na hokara zarIra tyAga kI utpreraNA honI caahie| vartamAna meM isakA prayoga yadi jala-samAdhi, AtmadAha, viSa sevana aura anna-jala tyAgakara mRtyu prApti ke kaSTakArI sAdhanoM ke vikalpa ke rUpa meM kiyA jAye to melAna ko upayogI tathA lokapriya banAyA jA sakatA hai|

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janma, jIvana evaM mRtyu - - dInAnAtha jhunajhunavAlA prakRti meM sarjana evaM visarjana kI prakriyA pratyeka kSaNa ghaTita ho rahI hai| hama dazahare para mA~ durgA kI mUrti kA, evaM gaNeza caturthI para gaNapati kI mUrti kA sarjana karate haiM evaM kucha dinoM bAda utsava evaM utsAhapUrvaka usakA visarjana karate haiN| sarjana evaM visarjana ke bIca kA samaya hI jIvana hai| prANI mAtra ke liye bhI yahI prakriyA nirantara calatI rahatI hai| ___ janma ke sAtha bheda hai| koI rAjA ke ghara paidA hotA hai| koI sundara, gorA, buddhimAna, tyAgI, vairAgI paidA hotA hai to koI garIba ke ghara, kurUpa, mUrkha, rogI, bhogI paidA hotA hai| yAni paidA hone ke sAtha hI jIvana meM bheda A gyaa| isI prakAra janma ke bAda jo jIvana hamane pAyA usI jIvana meM jitane manuSya haiM cAhe puruSa hoM yA strI, saMbameM bhinnatA milegii| koI do puruSa eka prakRti ke nahIM mileNge| bhinnatA bhI aisI ki eka mahAtmA buddha jaisA mahAn tyAgI, vairAgI, TATA, bir3alA sarIkhA udyogapati, neharU, paTela sarIkhA rAjanItijJa, candrazekhara AjAda evaM rAma prasAda bismila sarIkhA balidAnI Adi to dUsarI ora mAnasiMha evaM malakhAna siMha sarIkhA DAkU, rogI, bhogI, krodhI, Adi unake nAma lene kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| kucha aise jIvana bhI mileMge jinameM parivartana A gayA yAnI bure se acche ho gaye evaM acche se bure ho gye| .. jIvana kI samApti kI avasthA kA nAma mRtyu hai| janma evaM maraNa ke bIca kI avasthA kA nAma hI jIvana hai| mRtyu ke uparAnta zarIra ko koI jalAtA hai aura usake pIche usakI mAnyatA rahatI hai ki paMca-tattva kA yaha zarIra apane paMca tattvoM meM vilIna ho jaaye| koI gAr3atA hai to usakI mAnyatA hai ki kayAmata ke dina AyeMge to yaha punaH jIvita ho utthegaa| koI murde ko pakSiyoM ke lie sulabha karAte haiM tAki yaha zarIra bhI kisI ke kAma A jaaye| saMnyAsI kA zarIra gaMgA meM pravAhita kara diyA jAtA hai| kAraNa usakA piNDadAna saMnyAsa lene ke vakta ho jAtA hai| mRtyu ke bAda jo amara ho jAte haiM unakI mRtyu bhI maMgalakArI mAnI jAtI hai| mRtyu ke bAda zarIra ke sAtha koI bhedabhAva nahIM hotaa| jisa dharma kI jaisI

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184. ___ mRtyu kI dastaka mAnyatA, usI prakAra usa zarIra ko yA to jalAyA jAtA hai yA gAr3A jAtA hai yA gaMgA kI dhArA meM pravAhita kiyA jAtA hai| mRtyu ke bAda mRta zarIra kI sthiti samAnadharmA hai (apaneapane dharmoM ke anusAra), usameM koI bhedabhAva nahIM hotaa| marane ke bAda kI sthiti bhI tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| eka mukta avasthA yAnI jisakA punarjanma nahIM hotA, dUsarA azarIrI avasthA, vaha avasthA jaba taka AtmA ne dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa nahIM kiyA ho, aura eka tIsarI avasthA hai jaba yaha AtmA zarIra dhAraNa kara letI hai| yaha to jIvana-cakra hai jisakA varNana maiMne Upara kiyaa| aba hara avasthA kA vizleSaNa karane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| ___ pahalI bAta to yaha samajhane lAyaka hai ki hama karma karane meM svataMtra haiM lekina phala pAne meM parataMtra haiN| lekina phala kA milanA nizcit hai| kevala yaha mAlUma nahIM ki phala kaba, kitanA aura kisa rUpa meM milegaa| karma karane ke bAda jaba usakA phala bhaviSya meM milatA hai to use bhAgya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| yAnI bhAgya ke mUla meM hamArA pUrva meM kiyA gayA karma hI hai| cUMki karma phala pAne meM hama svataMtra nahIM ataH karma kI gati ko bhagavAna kRSNa ne gItA meM "gahanA karmaNo gatiH" batAkara isa rahasya ko jAnane ke prayAsa para pUrNa virAma lagA diyaa| ise yoM bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki hameM Aja jo bhAgya ke rUpa meM milA vaha hamAre kaunakauna se karma kA phala hai ise Aja taka na to koI jAna sakA aura na koI batA skaa| hamAre punarjanma kA hetu hamArA karma bandhana hI hai| jaba taka hamAre karma acche-bure hote raheMge to hamAre pApa-puNya kA sRjana hotA rahegA aura una pApa-puNya ko bhogane ke liye hameM zarIra dhAraNa karanA hI pdd'egaa| hamArA sukha bhoga hamAre puNya kA kSaya karegA tathA hamArA duHkha bhoga hamAre pApa kA kSaya kregaa| eka bAta aura dhyAna dene kI hai ki pApa-puNya kA khAtA kabhI barAbara nahIM hotaa| yAnI pApa evaM puNya ko alaga-alaga hI duHkha-sukha ke rUpa meM bhoganA pdd'egaa| hamAre pApa-puNya kA sRjana honA jaba banda ho jAyegA to hamAre bhAvI janma kA hetu hI samApta ho jaayegaa| pApa-puNya kA sRjana kaba baMda hogA jaba hama karttApana ke bhAva se mukta hokara karane para bhI usa karma ke akartA bane rheNge| jaise hama nirantara zvAsa le rahe haiM, hamArI palakeM nirantara giratI-uThatI haiM lekina usa kriyA ke karttApana kA na to hameM bodha hai aura na hama usa kriyA ko karane ke liye koI prayAsa karate haiN| yAnI kriyA jaba hamArA svabhAva ho jAyegI to karttApana ke bhAva kA sarvathA lopa ho jaayegaa| yaha samajhanA kaThina hai ki mRtyu ke uparAnta zarIra to yahIM chUTa jAtA hai to hamArA pApa-puNya punaH bhogane ke liye rahate kahA~ haiM! hamArA prANa jaba nikala gayA to hamArI mRtyu ho gii| jo prANa nikalakara gayA vaha aba azarIrI avasthA meM hai| usI praNa ke sAtha hamAre pApa-puNya bhI cale gye| yaha usI prakAra sAtha jAtA hai jaise havA jaba bahatI hai to jisa

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janma, jIvana evaM mRtyu 185 sthAna se hokara bahatI hai usa sthAna kI sugaMdha yA durgandha sAtha lekara jAtI hai| hama usa sugandha evaM durgandha kA anubhava to karate haiM lekina use dekha nahIM paate| usa sugandha ne na to havA kA rUpa-raMga badalA, na usakA vaz2ana bar3hAyA, na havA kA AkAra-prakAra bdlaa| phira bhI usa havA kI sugandha yA durgandha kA hama anubhava karate haiN| ThIka isI prakAra se bijalI ke tAroM ko hama dekhate haiM usameM karenTa Ane ke kAraNa na to tAra kA vaz2ana ghaTatA-bar3hatA hai na usake rUpa-raMga, AkAra-prakAra meM bhinnatA AtI hai, na hama use dekha pAte haiN| usakA anubhava yA to hama sparza se kara pAte haiM yA vaha karenTa jaba upakaraNa ko yAni hITara, balba, bijalI kI moTara ko calAtA hai to tAroM meM karenTa kA honA pramANita hotA hai| jaise moTara meM jaba taka karenTa nahIM taba taka moTara bekAra hai lekina karenTa Ane ke uparAnta usa moTara se hama cAhe hITara calAveM, cAhe kUlara, yaha hamAre para nirbhara karatA hai| ThIka isI prakAra isa zarIra meM jaba prANa Aye to yaha z2indA huA, varanA bekAra | prANa Ane ke uparAnta isakA upayoga karane meM hama svataMtra haiM kAraNa bhagavAn ne hameM sabhI upakaraNa de diye, jaise kAma karane ke lie pA~ca karmendriyA~ yAni hAtha, paira, gudA, liMga, jIbha tathA anubhava karane ke lie pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ hameM milI yAni A~kha, nAka, rasanA, kAna tathA sparza karane ke lie tvcaa| ina sabhI indriyoM ko saMcAlita karane ke liye mana evaM buddhi bhI de diyaa| buddhi kA kAma hai jAnanA tathA mana kA kAma hai maannaa| ina sabake Upara hamArA svabhAva yA prakRti hai jo ina sabhI indriyoM se pare haiN| itane upakaraNa dene ke uparAnta hama kAma karane meM svataMtra ho gye| yAni hama apane sabhI upakaraNoM kA cAhe acche kAma meM upayoga kareM cAhe bure kAma meM yA kucha na kreN| kucha na karanA cAheMge to bhI saMbhava nahIM, kAraNa bhojana, nidrA, bhaya, maithuna, Adi svAbhAvika kriyAyeM to hotI hI rheNgii| isa prakAra hamane yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA ki hama karma karane meM svataMtra haiM lekina phala pAne meM parataMtra haiN| phala bhI eka tatkAla milatA hai jaise bhojana kiyA to peTa bhara gyaa| dUsarA kucha samaya bAda phala milA jaise hama vyAyAma karate haiM to zakti hameM kucha samaya bAda milegii| lekina bhagavAn kI pUjA-prArthanA kI, garIboM kI sevA kI, dAna dharma kiyaa| isI prakAra yadi hamase galata karma hue to hameM mAlUma nahIM ki ina karmoM kA phala kaMba milegaa| ho sakatA hai inakA phala isI janma meM mile yA janmajanmAntara meN| yaha nizcit hai ki phala bhogane ke liye hameM punarjanma lenA hI pdd'egaa| hamAre karma jaba hameM karma-bandhana meM bA~dhanA banda kara deMge to punarjanma kA hetu hI samApta ho jaayegaa| yaha avasthA taba AtI hai jaba karma sahaja hI hote rahate haiN| usameM hamArA karttApana kA bhAva nahIM hai taba karma karane ke uparAnta bhI hama akartA haiN| jahA~ karttApana ke bhAva kA lopa huA to hama akartA ho gaye aura isa prakAra karma-bandhana se mukta ho gye| aisI avasthA jIvita avasthA meM hI saMbhava hai| marane ke uparAnta usI ko mukti milatI hai| aisI avasthA jaba AtI . hai to purAne pApa-puNya bhasma ho jAte haiM tathA naye karma hamAre bandhana ke kAraka nahIM bnte| yahI sthiti mokSa hai| nirvANa hai| .

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186 mRtyu kI dastaka bauddha vicAradhArA meM nirvANa jIvana-sAdhanA kI pUrNAhuti hai| nirvANa ko antima zuddhi ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| nirvANa ahaMkAramukta mAnava kI parama sukhamaya avasthA hai| nirvANa meM tapa dvArA ahaM kSINa ho jAtA hai| jahA~ ahaM hai, vahA~ nirvANa nahIM evaM jahA~ nirvANa hai.vahA~ ahaM nahIM hotaa| mAnava kI Urdhvatama cetanA arthAt AdhyAtmika anubhUti kI carama avasthA hai nirvANa / pAli tripiTaka meM nirvANa ko amRtapada kahA hai| isa avasthA meM mRtyu mara jAtI hai| buddha ne kahA 'bhikSuoM, dhyAna do, mujhe amRta milA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne nirvANa ko antima zuddhi . kahA hai| yaha marane para nahIM hotii| isa prakAra zuddha jIva kA punarjanma nahIM hotaa| AtmA paramAtmA meM usI prakAra vilIna ho jAtI hai jaise nadI samudra meM vilIna hone ke uparAnta apanA nAma evaM astitva samApta kara detI hai| eka avasthA marane ke uparAnta evaM punarjanma ke pahale kI hai| usa avasthA ko "pIra" preta, Adi ke nAma se jAnate haiN| tIsarI avasthA punarjanma kI hai| isa avasthA meM vaha apane pUrva janma ke sImita pApa-puNya ke phalasvarUpa sukha-duHkha lekara AtA hai| marane ke uparAnta jo prANa nikalA vaha apane sAtha isa janma ke pApa-puNya ko sUkSma rUpa meM le gyaa| jaise vAyu apane sAtha sugandha yA durgandha lekara jAtI hai| yahI pApa-puNya hamAre janma meM bheda ke kAraNa hote haiN| agara acche kAma kiye to rAjA ke ghara paidA hoMge, sarvAMga sundara paidA hoMge evaM bure karma kiye to garIba ke ghara apaMga evaM kurUpa paidA hoNge| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki rAjA ke ghara apaMga evaM kurUpa paidA hoM tathA raMka ke ghara sundara evaM sapaMga paidA hoN| basa yahIM para "gahanA karmaNo gatiH" pramANita hotI hai| kAraNa hama nahIM jAnate ki isa janma meM rAjA ke ghara yA raMka ke ghara paidA hone meM hamArA kauna sA pApa-puNya hetu bnaa| isa prakAra hamane yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA ki janma, jIvana evaM mRtyu eka cakra hai| bhagavAn ne gItA meM kahA ki "he arjuna! mere aura tumhAre bahuta janma ho cuke haiN| maiM una sabako jAnatA hU~ para tuma nahIM jaante| yaha jIvAtmA na kabhI janma letI hai aura na kabhI maratI hI hai| yaha ajanmA, zAzvat, nitya, purAtana hai| zarIra ke mara jAne para bhI yaha nahIM maratI / yAni yaha zarIra maraNadharmA hai| AtmA amara hai| isIlie gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne kahA ki "karma pradhAna vizva raci raakhaa|" yAni hama jaisA karma kareMge usI prakAra hamArI jIvana-yAtrA hogii|

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jIvana kI mRtyu sahelI hai __- rAmapraveza zAstrI mRtyu ko sabhI dharmoM ne manuSya kA saccA mitra batalAyA hai| vaha hai bhI, lekina usake nAma se roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki sacce mitra se dila kholakara milanA to dUra rahA, usakA nAma sunanA bhI ga~vArA nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki maranA na ho to jIvana nIrasa aura nirarthaka bana jaaye| phira isa virodhAbhAsI AcaraNa kA rahasya kyA hai? mRtyu kI avadhAraNA sAre saMsAra meM eka sI nahIM hai| eka deza meM bhI bhinnatA milegii| yahA~ taka ki eka dharma bhI usake prati eka-sA vyavahAra nahIM krtaa| kyoMki koI aisA dharma nahIM hai jo kama-se-kama do zAkhAoM meM vibhAjita na ho| mRtyu kI avadhAraNA sambandhI kucha paMktiyA~, kAvya kI, yahA~ uddhRta haiM - kaphana bar3hA to kisalie, naz2ara tU DabaDabA gaI? siMgAra kyoM sahama gayA, bahAra kyoM lajA gaI? hai janma kyA, hai mauta kyA, basa itanI-sI to bAta hai, kisI kI A~kha khula gaI, kisI ko nIMda A gii| "nIraja" jI ne kitane sarala DhaMga se khulAsA kara diyA hai - janma aura mauta kaa| aura aisI hI eka paribhASA bedhar3aka jI ne dI hai - z2indagI eka hai senTensa apane Apa samajho, isake zabdArtha meM hI puNya aura pApa smjho| javAnI kyA hai? hai Daisa, bur3hApA komA, bedhar3aka mauta ko tuma eka phulasTApa smjho| do paMktiyA~, bar3I sAdagIpUrNa, peza karane kA mana ho rahA hai - musAphira kA saphara se lauTakara apane vatana jaanaa| isI ko mauta kahate haiM, yahI hotA hai mara jaanaa||

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188 . mRtyu kI dastaka saMta kabIra ne bhI apane DhaMga se kaha diyA hai - rahanA nahIM deza begAnA hai| lekina na marane vAloM meM ve svayaM apanA nAma ginAte haiM ki - eka kabIrA nA marA jAko rAma adhAra / to maranA, na maranA kucha apane vaza kI bhI bAta mAlUma hotI hai, tabhI bhISma jaise ho gae haiM jinako icchA-mRtyu kA varadAna thaa| lekina mRtyu unakI bhI anivArya thii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne 125 varSa jIvita rahane kI kAmanA kI thii| ve jIvita raha sakate the| lekina aisA samaya AyA ki tatkAla mauta kI kAmanA karane lge| isake pIche mahattvapUrNa tathya chipA huA hai| yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki gItA Adi graMthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya zarIra nahIM AtmA hai| AtmA janma-mRtyu ke baMdhana se mukta hai| zarIra to vastra kI taraha hai, purAnA ho gayA to badalane kA sukhada anubhava honA caahie| saMtoM ne svecchA se zarIra tyAga kiyA hai| kyoMki purAnA kapar3A cIthar3A ho jAye to vaha zobhanIya nahIM hai| eka zera yAda A rahA hai| game z2amAnA jise mauta Apa kahate haiN| hameM yaha mauta na milatI to mara gae hote| yahA~ do prakAra kI mauta dikhAI de rahI hai| z2amAne ke gama meM jinhoMne apanI haDDiyA~ galAne kA nizcaya kara liyA, z2amAne ke duHkha-darda ko apanA duHkha-darda banA liyA unheM caina kahA~ milatA hai| use bhI loga mauta hI mAnate haiN| lekina svecchA se jinhoMne aisI mauta ko gale lagAyA hai, ve to usake binA jindA nahIM raha skte| isa zarIra ke rahate hue bhI mRtaka samAna jIvana unake lie bhAra svarUpa ho jaayegaa| gAMdhI jI ne dekha liyA ki varSoM jo kaMdhe-sekandhA milAkara calate Ae, jinakA bahuta bharosA kiyA thA, ve saba dhIre-dhIre kinArA karate ge| phira jIne kA Ananda jAtA rhaa| isalie unhoMne prArthanA kI - "he Izvara! mujhe tatkAla uThA le"| aise mahAtmA zarIra chUTa jAne ke bAda bhI jIvita rahate haiN| gAMdhI jI ne apane bAre meM kahA thA ki - "aisA nahIM hai ki isa zarIra ke chUTa jAne ke bAda maiM nahIM rhuuNgaa| maiM kabra meM se bhI AvAz2a detA rahU~gA" | yaha hama sabake cintana kI apekSA rakhane vAlA kathana hai| sAMsArika manuSya jAne-anajAne apanI mRtyu kA sAra-bhAra karatA rahatA hai| aulAda nahIM hai to duHkhI rahatA hai| jaba vaha nae logoM ke paidA hone kI icchA karatA hai, usake lie udyoga bhI karatA hai to isakA kyA abhiprAya huA? yahI na ki vaha jagaha khAlI kare jahA~ Ane vAle sukhapUrvaka raha skeN| jitane loga paidA hue agara ve barAbara bane raheM to na dharatI para rahane kA sthAna hogA aura na khAne ko anna milegaa| phira marane para rone kI kyA bAta .

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jIvana kI mRtyu sahelI hai 189 hai? hA~, sabhI nahIM rote| kucha samudAyoM meM to rone vAle kirAye para bulAye jAte haiN| zAyada unakA vizvAsa hai ki isase marane vAle ko sadgati milegii| aise samudAya bhI haiM jahA~ marane para khuzI manAI jAtI hai| kabIra bhI to kahate haiM - "dulahina gAvahu mNglaacaar"| kahate haiM sukarAta ne apane ziSyoM ko kahA thA ki patA lagAo ki z2ahara kA pyAlA ThIka samaya para mila to jAyegA, ziSyoM ko Azcarya huA - "Apa kyoM cintA kara rahe haiM? sukarAta ne kahA - pInA mujhe hai to cintA kauna karegA? unako jahara pIne kI saz2A dI gaI thii| . ziSyoM ne yaha bhI jAnanA cAhA ki ApakA saMskAra kisa prakAra kiyA jAyegA? sukarAta ko ha~sI A gii| bar3e pate kI bAta unhoMne kahI - "to jahara pilAne vAle hamAre duzmana aura z2amIna meM gAr3ane vAle dosta ho ge| anta meM unhoMne eka saTIka uttara diyA ki hamako pakar3a pAoge tabhI na gAr3oge yA. pheNkoge| maraNoparAnta unake zarIra ke sAtha kyA vidhi-vidhAna kiyA jAye, isa sambandha meM loga apanA "vila" likhakara chor3a jAte haiN| saMta tiruvalluvara ne likhA thA - "marane ke bAda merA zarIra jaMgala meM chor3a diyA jAye tAki jaMgala ke jAnavara use khA skeN"| eka dharma aisA bhI hai ki mRta zarIra ko U~ce TAvara para rakha dete haiN| mAMsabhakSI pakSI use khA jAte haiN| kucha loga apane aMgoM kA dAna-patra likha dete haiN| marane para unakI A~kheM kisI ko lagA dI jaayeN| unakA zarIra meDikala kaoNleja ko de diyA jAye par3hane vAle chAtroM ke lie| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki "hari ananta harikathA anantA" kI taraha mRtaka saMskAra ke itane vidhi-vidhAna haiM jinakA varNana AsAna nahIM hai| punarjanma eka bahuta bar3A AzvAsana hai marane vAle ke lie| vaise mokSa cAhane vAloM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| manu mahArAja isa rAya ke haiM ki "jIvana kA abhinandana nahIM, mRtyu kI vAsanA nhiiN|" vAstava meM jIvana kI cauhaddI banatI hai janma aura mRtyu se, phira to donoM ke prati eka samAna bhAvaM honA caahie| sAmAnyataH aisA hotA nhiiN| janma kI khuziyA~ manAI jAtI haiM aura mRtyu se palAyana karate haiN| yakSa ke eka prazna kA uttara yudhiSThira ne yahI to diyA thA ki hama roz2a janAz2oM kI katAreM dekha rahe haiM phira bhI samajhate haiM ki hamako nahIM maranA hai| yahA~ taka ki "rAma nAma satya hai" maMtra ko hamane zmazAna ke sAtha sthAyI rUpa se jor3a diyA hai| kisI ke ghara meM baiThakara isa maMtra kA uccAraNa karane vAle kI khaira nahIM hai, tabhI zAyada kabIra ko kahanA par3A ki "AzA tRSNA nA marI, mara-mara gayA zarIra" | kahate haiM ki rAta-dina, sukha-duHkha kI taraha janma aura mRtyu kA bhI cakkara calatA rahatA hai| lekina yaha bAta hamako pacatI kahA~ hai? apane jIne ke lie haz2AroM pazu-pakSiyoM kA vadha sahaja rUpa se karate rahate haiN| apanI mauta nahIM dikhAI detii| mauta se A~kha bacAne, bhAgane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki mauta ko jo pasanda hai vaha hamako pasanda nahIM hai| saccA

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190 . mRtyu kI dastaka mitra to vaha hai hii| kyoMki jaba saba chor3akara alaga ho jAte haiM, jinako hama bahuta cAhate haiM, taba hamAre na cAhane para bhI mauta AtI hai aura hamako gale lagAtI hai| socane kI bAta yaha bhI hai ki jina paristhitiyoM meM Aja kA manuSya jI rahA hai - abhAva, anyAya, atyAcAra, anAcAra, bekArI, berojagArI, nAnA prakAra ke roga, duHkha, davA kI jagaha duA kA hI sahArA raha gayA hai to ina paristhitiyoM se chuTakArA dilAne vAlI ekamAtra mauta hI hai| . mRtyu se sambadhita kucha alaukika, advitIya dRSTAnta haiM, jaise naciketA aura yamAcArya kA saMvAda, sAvitrI-satyavAna kI ghaTanA jisameM yamAcArya ko vApasa lauTanA pdd'aa| ina para mahApuruSoM ne jJAnavarddhaka mahAn graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, kintu mRtyu ke prati dRSTikoNa' meM parivartana dRSTigata nahIM hai| bhagavAn ne bhI kahA hai ki jo dikhAI par3atA hai jIvana itanA hI nahIM hai| isase pahale bhI thA aura bAda meM bhI rhegaa| lAcArI meM ina bAtoM se thor3A saMtoSa avazya mila jAtA hai, lekina samAdhAna nahIM ho paataa| dina bhara zrama karane ke bAda ArAma milatA hai nIMda se| vaise hI jIvana ke anta meM mRtyu bhI ArAma pradAna karatI hai| sunane aura samajhane meM bhI sukhada aura sarala hai lekina paryApta nahIM hai| . ___ saMta vinobA ne jIvana ko saMskAra saMcaya kahA hai| dina bhara kI kamAI kA mUla dhana lekara hama dUsare dina kI jIvana-yAtrA zurU karate haiN| vaise hI aMtima samaya meM jo saMskAra bace rahate haiM vaha agale janma kI pU~jI hai| nidrA, mRtyu kA laghu saMskaraNa hai| rAta meM zarIra ke sAre avayavoM ko ArAma mila jAtA hai| niHsvapna nidrA hai to mana kI thakAvaTa bhI dUra ho jAtI hai| lekina prANa nirantara kAma karatA rahatA hai| usako vizrAma dene vAlI ekamAtra mRtyu hI hai| prANa ko vizrAma dene vAlI nidrA kA nAma hai mRtyu| astu vaha varadAnasvarUpa hai| ___ mRtyu ke bAda naraka, svarga aura brahmaloka tIna avasthAoM kA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM hotA hai ki burA karma kiyA to nidrA meM bure svapna aayeNge| acchA kAma kiyA to sukhada svapna aayeNge| yadi gaharI niHsvapna nIMda AtI hai to samajhanA cAhie ki hama brahmaloka meM haiN| prANa kI nIMda kaI varSoM kI ho sakatI hai| usake bAda vaha punaH janma letA hai| isa racanA kA samApana maiM apanI eka kavitA se karanA cAhatA hU~ jo zrI kRSNamUrti jI ke vicAroM ke prabhAva meM likhI gaI thii| zIrSaka hai "mRtyu" / hara pala hama agara nahIM mrte| hara dama yadi marane se ddrte| aisA jInA kyA jInA hai| paravaza raha A~sU pInA hai| yaMtravata z2indagI calatI hai| AkAMkSAoM meM palatI hai| saundarya prema kA nAma nhiiN|

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jIvana kI mRtyu sahelI hai 191 hai zAnti nahIM ArAma nhiiN| pratidina kA jInA ulajhana meN| nAnA vipadAoM ke vana meN| jo jJAta usI ke A~gana meN| kyA AkarSaNa isa jIvana meN| inake hI prati to maranA hai| ina sabase pAra utaranA hai| pUrI samagratA se jiinaa| saundarya namratA se jiinaa| astitva nahIM rahatA bhaya kaa| hotI sajIvatA rsmytaa| pUrNataH zUnya mana hotA hai| utpanna nayApana hotA hai| . sAre baMdhana khula jAte haiN| mana kaluSa svayaM dhula jAte haiN| mana banA rahe nirdoSa sdaa| svIkAra na ho koI sttaa| bIte kala ke prati mara jaanaa| Ananda prema se bhara jaanaa| varadAna eka, aisA mrnaa| jisameM navajIvana kA jhrnaa| kyoM mRtyu samasyA banI huii| jaba sadA sAtha meM lagI huii| hamako hai usakA jJAna nhiiN| sAmanA nahIM kara pAte hm| socate aura Dara jAte hm| bilkula AsAna pahelI hai| jIvana kI mRtyu sahelI hai|

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mRtyu ke AnandadAyI uttama svarUpa vidhAyaka pratIka vyaktitva : mahAtmA kabIra - rameza nArAyaNa bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM apane DhaMga kA akelA pratIka-vyaktitva mahAtmA kabIra kA hI thA, jinhoMne jIvana ko Age, pIche, Upara, nIce apanI vAstavika anubhUti kI jhAr3ana se jhAr3a-poMchakara svaccha, zuddha aura atIndriya sukha kA kendra bnaayaa| apane jIvana ke sAre makar3ajAle sApha karake zAnti, santoSa aura Ananda kI gaTharI bA~dha unhoMne mRtyu taka ko apane sApha-suthare jIvana se jor3a diyA aura manuSyamAtra ke liye eka aisA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA, jo usake jIvana aura jIvanAntara kI abAdha gatizIlatA kA AdhAra bnaa| manuSya hai anivAryataH sAmAjika prANI aura isa prakAra usakA sAmAjika rujhAna bhI svAbhAvika hI hai| vaha svayaM apane liye sAmAjika saMgaThanoM ko rUpa isa uddezya se detA hai ki Antarika zAnti kI usakI pyAsa miTa sake aura AtmavikAsa ke patha para vaha nirbAdha Age bar3ha ske| aise saMgaThanoM ko nijI sukha aura svatva kA sAdhana banA baiThanA unake pavitra uddezya kI siddhi ke lie vighAtaka hai| vAstava meM manuSya ke do rUpa vyavahAra jagat. meM prakaTa hote haiN| eka to usakA sajaga cetanA vAlA rUpa hai aura dUsarA usakA sthUla jAgatika rUpa / usakI sajaga cetanA to use UrdhvagAmI banAtI hai para apane sthUla rUpa meM vaha adhomukhI pravRttiyoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| sajaga cetanA kI UrdhvagAmI pravRtti kI phisalana samayasamaya para cira pavitra mAnava-saMgaThanoM kA usake hI hAthoM ghora durupayoga karavA DAlatI hai| ___ kabIra ke yuga-citraNa kA jo rUpa hameM dRSTigata hotA hai usakI gaharI samajha ke lie unake samakAlIna aura unake pahale ke dhArmika AndolanoM ko parakhane kI AvazyakatA hai jo tatkAlIna jana-mAnasa meM uthala-puthala macA rahe the aura unakI paramparAe~ bhI nirmita ho

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mRtyu ke AnandadAyI uttama svarUpa vidhAyaka pratIka vyaktitva - mahAtmA kabIra 193 cukI thiiN| kabIra ke sAtha eka khAsa bAta yaha thI ki unhoMne una paramparAoM ko svIkAra bhI kiyA aura unake bhItarI tala meM baiThakara tathA una para jamI maila kI bakhiyA udher3akara eka naI paramparA gar3hI, jisase bhAratIya cintanadhArA meM eka yugAntara upasthita huaa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki tatkAlIna sAmAjika vikSobha kI paristhiti atyanta sugaThita islAma dharma kA pratirodha karane kI pratirakSAtmaka bhAvanA se ucca jAtiyoM meM paidA huI thii| isI kAraNa samUce deza meM phaile mata-matAntaroM ko saMghabaddha karane kI pravRtti ne jora pakar3a liyA thaa| isake lie usa samaya pracalita brahmavAdI, karmakANDI, zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta, smArtta, Adi matAvalambiyoM ne smRti, purANa, lokAcAra, kulAcAra, Adi aneka AdhAroM para eka sarvasammata AcAra-pravaNa dharma-mata sthira karane kI ceSTA kI, jo ucca jAti ke hinduoM ko hI saMghabaddha kara sakatI thii| usameM tIrtha, vrata, upavAsa, pUjA-pATha, japa, havanAdi kriyAoM kI hI pramukhatA thii| ina saba kAryoM meM antyajoM aura nimna zreNI ke logoM ko varjanazIla rakhakara ucca jAti ke hinduoM ko adhikAdhika hindU banAne kI ceSTA nihita thii| isa prakAra kI pratirakSAtmaka saMghabaddhatA se sAmAnya janatA ke hita sAdhana kI AzA nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| mahAtmA kabIra viSayaka uparyukta AMzika anuzIlana jIvana aura mRtyu-saMbaMdhI unakI avadhAraNAoM ke vaiziSTya ko spaSTa nahIM krtaa| yaha ThIka hai ki ina bAtoM kA bhI usase parokSa saMbaMdha hai, kintu kabIra kI jIvana-yAtrA aura mRtya-viSayaka unake cintana kI maulikatA hI etatsaMbaMdhI niSkarSa kA AdhAra bana sakatI hai| kabIra ke jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM aba taka prApta chiTapuTa sAmagrI ke AdhAra para paryApta vicAra huA hai kintu sabake sahAre nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki antima niSkarSa sAmane A sakA hai| jisane syAhI aura kAgaz2a chuA taka nahIM usakI svalikhita racanA prApta hI kahA~ hogI ki usase pUrNa rUpa meM prAmANika niSkarSa niHsRta ho ske| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mahAtmA kabIra una mahApuruSoM kI paramparA meM hI Ate haiM jinakI rUci Atmaparicaya dene meM nahIM ke barAbara thI, phira bhI unake bhaktoM aura ziSyoM dvArA unakI kahI gaI vANiyoM kI jo prastuti huI unameM jahA~-tahA~ kucha nijI bAteM unake jIvana kI jhalaka de hI jAtI haiN| . kabIra ke viSaya meM vicArakoM dvArA jo sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai usameM vaiSamya kI hI mAtrA adhika hai| adhikAMza vicArakoM ne unheM hindU-muslima ekatA kA sUtra pirone vAlA samajhA hai, kisI ne nAtha-matAvalambI aura kisI-kisI ne to unheM pUrA kA pUrA vaiSNava mAna liyA hai| saca to yaha hai ki kabIra jaise cintanazIla manISI kI phuTakala uktiyoM ke AdhAra para unake saMbaMdha meM nikAlA gayA niSkarSa yuktiyukta nahIM pratIta hotaa| unhoMne "jAti julAhA nAma kabIrA bani bani phirauM udAsI" ke dvArA apanI nimna zreNI kA paricaya atyanta nirbhIka bhAva se samAja ko diyA aura apane ko nirakSara ghoSita kara samAja meM heya mAne jAne kI bAta dRr3ha AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha svIkAra kara lii| yaha bhI batA diyA ki "tananA bunanA tajyA kabIra, rAmanAma likha liyA zarIra" usakI Antarika cintana-zakti aura virala upalabdhiyoM

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194 . mRtyu kI dastaka kA vaiziSTya sahaja hI svIkAra kiyA jAnA caahie| sAtha hI usake Atmacintana, . AtmAnubhuti aura Atmacaitanya ko bhI usake vyaktitva ke AdhArabhUta tattva ke rUpa meM mAnya samajhanA hogaa| asala bAta yaha hai ki jIva ko jIva isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha AtmA ke sAthasAtha mana aura zarIra se bhI yukta hai| hamArA jIvana zarIra, mana aura AtmA kI kriyAzIlatA para AdhArita hai| zarIra se Upara uThakara AtmA taka usakI pahu~ca use parama AnandAnubhUti kI koTi meM lA detI hai| isa parama phala kI prApti-prakriyA kramika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM sthira kI gaI hai| zarIra-sAdhanA ke pazcAt hI manastattva kI sAdhanA kA stara prApta hotA hai aura ina donoM kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt Atmacaitanya kA varadAna milatA hai| isI krama ko lakSya karake prAyaH sabhI dharmoM meM zArIrika aura mAnasika pavitratA ke niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isameM dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki Atmacaitanya kI koTi-prApta mahApuruSa Antarika dRSTi se saMyamita aura anuzAsita hokara bhI sAmAjika aura laukika rUr3hiyoM ke zikaMjoM meM nahIM pha~satA kyoMki pUrNa AtmavikAsa ke kSetra kI parama AnandAnubhUti meM DUbA vaha nirbhayatApUrvaka manuSya mAtra ke bIca apAra karuNA ke bIja botA vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai| mahAtmA kabIra kI sarvadizonmukhI svAdhIna pravRtti hameM isI kAraNa asamaMjasa meM DAla detI hai aura hama unakI upalabdhiyoM ke aucitya-nirNaya meM sakSama nahIM ho pAte haiN| mahAtmA kabIra kI nimna ukti isa sandarbha meM vicAraNIya hai - jo darasana dekhyA cahie, to darapana maMjata rhie| jo darapana lAgai kAI, taba darasana kiyA na jAI / / ina paMktiyoM meM saMketita darpaNa meM kAI lagane kA artha kaI vicArakoM ne mAyA lagAyA hai| kintu kabIra kA vAstava meM darpaNa se tAtparya caitanya AtmA se hai aura "darasana dekhyA cahie" kA kathana karake unhoMne paramAnandAnubhUti kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| yoM mAyA artha bhI liyA hI jA sakatA hai kintu isase kabIra ke vAstavika tAtparya taka usa artha kI pahu~ca nahIM ho paatii| usakI eka sImA ba~dha jAtI hai| socane kI bAta hai ki kabIra ke vyaktitva meM akhaNDa AtmavizvAsa kA jhalamalAtA prakAza jo Adyanta dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha kahIM manda kyoM nahIM pdd'taa| jisane apane samUce yuga ke pAkhaNDa, kupathagAmitA, chala-chadma, damana, zoSaNa, utpIr3ana, dizAbhrama, Adi ko eka sAtha nirbhayatA se lalakArA, usakA antarmana yadi balazAlI nahIM thA to itanI sArI viparItatAoM se vaha lohA kaise le sakA? jisane "jhUThA rojA jhUThI Ida" kahate samaya samakAlIna musalamAna zAsaka kI apane Upara krodha kI rattI bhara bhI paravAha nahIM kI, jaMjIra se ba~dhavAyA jAkara gaMgA maiyA kI goda meM DAla diyA gayA, vaha kyA caitanya AtmA aura paramAnandAnubhUti kA adhikArI nahIM thA? usa priyatama "raghunAtha" kA saccA snehI bhAva bhakti kI paripakvatA-prApta akhaMDa Ananda kA kyA vaha bhoktA nahIM thA?

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mRtyu ke AnandadAyI uttama svarUpa vidhAyaka pratIka vyaktitva - mahAtmA kabIra 195 gaMga lahara merI TUTI jaMjIra, mRgachAlA para baiThe kabIra / __ kahe kabIra koI saMga na sAtha, jala thala rAkhata hai raghunAtha / / ina praznoM ke pariprekSya meM jaba hama kabIra ke Atmacaitanya kI zakti aura paramAnandAnubhUti kI lokottara madhuratA para vicAra karate haiM to kabIra ke Atmateja kI AbhA spaSTa udbhAsita hotI hai| sAtha hI isakA bhI spaSTa AbhAsa mila jAtA hai ki kabIra kI sAdhanA dharma, artha kAma hI nahIM mokSa ke lie bhI nahIM thI, vaha sirpha AtmAnubhUti kI siddhi ke lie thI jo satat gatizIla rahane vAlI thii| vedAnta ke ahaM brahmAsmi ke sthira siddhAnta se unakI uktiyA~ UparI sAmya rakhatI pratIta hotI haiN| kintu usakI antarnihita bhAvanA brahma se ekAkAra hone ko ThaharAva bindu ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtii| usase isakI bhinnatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai kyoMki kabIra ne apane lakSya-bindu para apanI pahu~ca kI jo sUcanA prakaTita kI hai vahA~ yaha antara sahaja hI anumAnita ho jAtA hai| ve kahate haiM - hama na marai marihai saMsarA, hm| milyA jiyaavnhaaraa| . isa sthala para hI kabIra kI AtmAnubhUti kI gatizIlatA dRSTigocara ho jAtI hai| "jiyAvanahArA" jaba mila gayA to akSaya Ananda ke satat pravAhI srota meM sahaja snAta hote rahane kA dvAra khula gyaa| paramAnandAnubhUti kI kAlabaddhatA aba kahA~ rahI jaba jiyAvanahArA ne hI hAtha lagA use apane pAsa khIMca liyaa| saca pUchA jAye to jIva ke liye mRtyu ke jitane bhI svarUpa cintakoM aura dArzanikoM dvArA sthira kiye gae haiM, una sabase vilaga eka paripakva aura maulika svarUpa kA vidhAna karake mahAtmA kabIra ne yuga-yugAntara taka mAnava mAtra ke nayana paTa kholane kA sopAna prastuta kiyA hai| inatA hI nahIM nirguNopAsanA kI cirasanAtana vidhi se bhAva-bhakti ko jor3akara kabIra ne usameM hRdaya pakSa ke saMyoga kI sambhAvanAoM ko bala pradAna karane kA utkRSTa kArya kiyA hai| aMtataH madhya yuga ke isa yuga-pravartaka santa mahAkavi ke saMbaMdha meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve parama svatantra cetanA ke adhikArI yugadraSTA the| unakI jIvana aura jIvanAntara kI parakha laukikatA kI sImA-rekhA ko pAra kara bahuta Age nikala gayI thii| unakI mAnyatA kI saccI samajha hameM yahI batAtI hai ki unakI dRSTi meM vyakti apane saMskAroM aura yogyatAoM se yukta eka svatantra ikAI hai aura apanI svatantra paridhi meM vaha satat bhramaNazIla hai| parama sattA ke aMza se vibhAsita apane lakSita patha para apanI hI cetanA ke izAre para use agrasara honA hai aura apane lakSya-bindu para apanI pahu~ca kA pUrA svAda lene kA vaha adhikArI hai|

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sahayogI lekhakoM kA paricaya az2aharI, muktadA hasana - kuraAna evaM hadIsa ke suvijJAtA, jAmiyA salaphIyA vaaraannaasii| khannA, suSamA - samAjazAstrI, mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI vidyApITha meM prophesara, bhAratIya samAja vyavasthA para aneka racanAyeM, vaaraannsii| giri, kusuma - samAjazAstrI, samAjazAstra para aneka racanAe~, pravaktA, basanta kAleja, rAjaghATa, vaaraannsii| giri, raghunAtha - darzana ke variSTa vidvAna, pUrva adhyakSa darzana vibhAga, mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI. vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| jaina, anekAnta - saMskRta aura prAkRta ke yuvA vidvAn, prAdhyApaka, jaina darzana vibhAga, lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillii| . jaina, munnI puSpA - jaina dharma evaM darzana kI labdhapratiSTha adhyetrI, anekAMta bhavanam, vaaraannsii| jhA, hetukara - paTanA vizvavidyAlaya meM samAjazAstra ke variSTha prophesara, pttnaa| jhunajhunavAlA, dInAnAtha - kAzI ke viziSTa vidyApremI, aneka saMsthAoM se sambaddha, smaajsevii| tripAThI, rAmazaMkara - bauddha dharma evaM darzana ke suvijJa vidvAn, kendrIya ucca tibbatI zikSA saMsthAna ke prophesara, vaaraannsii| tripAThI, baMzIdhara - samAjazAstra aura bhAratIya saMskRti para aneka sAragarbhita lekha evaM pustakeM, pUrva prophesara samAjazAstra vibhAga, mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| dvivedI, prabhunAtha - bhAratIya darzana evaM saMskRta ke viziSTa vidvAn, upAcArya saMskRta vibhAga, mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| dvivedI, vrajavallabha - Agama yogatantra ke vikhyAta AcArya, aneka lekhoM evaM pustakoM ke praNetA, vaaraannsii| nArAyaNa, rameza - kabIra sAhitya ke vizeSajJa, sevAnivRtta yU. pro. tathA adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, e. ena. kAleja, pttnaa|

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sahayogI lekhakoM kA paricaya 197 pANDeya, kapiladeva :- purANa evaM dharmazAstra ke mImAMsaka, saMskRta sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM ke marmajJa, vaaraannsii| pANDeya, siyAzaraNa - samAjazAstrI, jaina vaijJAnika evaM cikitsA vijJAna meM abhirUci, vaaraannsii| mahAsvAmI, candrazekhara - vIrazaiva dharma ke pradhAna AcArya, jaMgamabADI maTha, vaaraannsii| mehatA, bhAnuzaMkara - paitholaoNjisTa, banArasI paramparA evaM saMskRti ke apratima marmajJa, kAzI ke pratibhAzAlI lokapriya vyakti, samAja, saMskRti aura vijJAna para prAmANika lekha evaM pustakeM, vaaraannsii| minatI - bhUgolajJa, grAmINa vyavasthA para kaI lekha evaM pustakeM, bhUgola vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii| mizra, trilokanAtha - jyotiSa aura karmakANDa ke vidvAn, vaaraannsii| mizra saMtoSakumAra - samAjazAstrI, nirmalakumAra bosa smAraka pratiSThAna se saMbaddha, vaaraannsii| rAya, vijaya kumAra - gaNitajJa, kAzI ke viziSTa vidvAn, rASTrapati puraskAra prApta, pUrva ____ upapradhAnAcArya, kvIMsa kAleja, kraannsii| rAya, sudhIra kumAra - jaina dharma ke yuvA adhyetA, pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa, DaoN. bI. Ara. ambeDakara mahAvidyAlaya, indArA, maU (u. pr.)| zAstrI, rAmapraveza - kavi, lekhaka aura samAja-sevaka, mahAtmA gA~dhI evaM jayaprakAza nArAyaNa kI chandabaddha jIvana gAMthAe~, sampAdaka sarvodaya jagata, sarva sevA saMgha, vaaraannsii| zrIvAstava, ajayakumAra - jaina dharma ke marmajJa, pravaktA hindI sAhitya, DaoN. bI. Ara. ambeDakara mahAvidyAlaya, indArA, maU (u. pr.)| sinhA, vaziSTha nArAyaNa - pUrva upAcArya, darzana vibhAga, mahAtmA gA~dhI kAzI vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| siMha, rAghavendra pratApa - medhAvI zodha chAtra, itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii|

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anukramaNikA akAla mRtyu, 23, 97, 128 aravinda, (maharSi), 11, 128, 133, 155, 158 agastIna ke anusAra AtmA rathI hai aura zarIra arastu ke anusAra AtmA kA eka aMza "nUsa", 132 __ vAhana, 129 arjuna, 106, 127 agni purANa, 7 ala z2amara, 56, 57 agni purANa kI yamagItA, 79, 81, 82 ala jumaha, 56 agni mRtyu, 71 ala momenUna, 54, 55 agni mRtyu hai, 7 ala mausuatula fikahIyA, 50, 53 agnivAyusUryacandramasA mRtyavaH, 72 ala mulka, 55 az2aharI, muktadA hasana, 6, 50 alaimarAna, 56 atharvaveda, 2, 79 allAha kA viziSTa Asana, 55 anAtmavAdI, 220 avAG prANa mRtyu hai, 6, 71 anityatAvAdI, 8, 90, 91 azanA = bhUkha ko mRtyu kahA gayA, 72 anityatAvAdI dhArA, 90 azoka, 151 anirvacanIya devI, 7 azauca, 9, 115 anuzAsana-parva, 127 azvatthAmA, 98 aMtaHkaraNa catuSTaya, 111 asaMgata vicAra kA khaNDana, 57 antyeSTi-kriyAe~, 118 astitvavAda/vAdI, 13, 176 aprakaTa maraNa, 22 . asthi saMcaya, 116 apavarga (mokSa), 8 assajaha, 55 aphalAtUna aura sukarAta bhI AtmA ko amara mAnate ahayAula ulUma, 52, 54, 57, haiM, 132 ahorAtre mRtyuH, 72 amarakoza, 78 Agama, 132 amaratva, 1, 160 AgamazAstra, 68 amaratva para viSarUpI mRtyu ke tANDava, 165 AtmaghAta aura sallekhanA meM antara, 29, 32 amaradAsa, (guru) 48 AtmaghAta se AtmA kA bhaTakanA, 29 amIbA, 142 Atmatattva, 7, 85, 141 amRta, 160 Atmatattva kA dUsarA nAma puruSa, 7, 85 amRtattva, 12, 161 AtmahatyA, 5, 12, 32, 97, 174 amRtattva kI prApti, 12, 162 AtmahatyA mAnava vikAsa kA pramANa, 139 araNyaka evaM upaniSad, 83 AtmahatyArA, 161

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anukramaNikA 199 AtmA, 51, 129 . ikabAla, allAmA, 59 AtmA (aMguSThamAna zarIra), 108 icchAmaraNa (yuthenesiyA), 38, 97 AtmA apane Apa meM svataMtra hai, 129 ibna nabI dunIyA, 54 AtmA azarIrI hai, 129 imAma ila kayyUma, 6, 53 AtmA AdamI ko vyaktitva tathA mAnavatA pradAna imAma gajAlI, 6, 50, 51, 52, 53 karatI hai, 129 islAma, 2, 3, 6, 117 AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga hI jIvana, 40 islAma ke nirdeza jIvana evaM mRtyu donoM se AtmA kA janma aura maraNa rahita honA, 11, 141 sambandhita, 51 AtmA kA maraNoparAnta bhI jIvita rahanA, 53, 129 AtmA kA rahasya, 51 IthIriyala sola, 129 AtmA kA rUpa aspaSTa, 129 ImAna bila gaiba (adRzya para vizvAsa), 53 AtmA kI amaratA, 138 IzadUta ke lie mRtyu kA spaSTIkaraNa, 56 AtmA devatA svarupa, 129 IzopaniSada, 73 AtmA naSTa nahI hotI, 52 Izvara, 2 AtmA nahIM hai - kevala mana kI kapola-kalpanA, IsA masIha, 2, 151 130 IsAI, 2, 117, 129 AtmA zarIra kA abhinna aMga, 129 IsAI sampradAya, 129 AtmA hI amRta, 11 AtmA hI zarIra kI niyaMtraka, 129 upacchedaka karma, 23 AtmA hI "sva' hai, mana hai, prANa hai, 129 upaniSad aura purANa, 9, 109 Adigrantha, 45, 48 upaniSad ke RSi, 88 Aditya bhI mRtyu hai, 6 upaniSad meM mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane kI AdimajAtIya saMskRti, 2 paddhati, 65 AnApAnasmRti, 66 upasecana, 7 AnuvAMzika vidyAe~, 144 ubhayakSaya, 23 Anuzravika vidavihita), 66 umavI khalIphA umara bina abdula ajI, 58 Abhayantara sallekhanA, 36 ulUma, ahayAula, 52, 54, 57, 58 AyuSya-samApti kA nAma mRtyu hai, 7 usAmA vina jaida, 55 AyuHkSaya, 23 Rgveda, 66, 88, 111 ArAdhanA, 35 Rgveda saMhitA, 8, 87 ArAdhanA ke do bheda, a RjuvimarzinI TIkA, 63 AvaraNa pA~ca haiM - annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya, 131 eka kabIrA nA marA jAko rAma adhAra, 188 AzvalAyana, 116, 117 . ekanAtha (santa), 45 ojhA AtmA ko pakar3ane ke upakaraNa banAte haiM, ekala agni saMskAra, 114 130 ekAdazAha zrAddhakarma, 119 ojhA AtmA curA lete hai, 130 ekvinA, thAmasa, 129 audumbara yA gUlara kI lakar3I kA prayoga asthi / eksaTiMgvizana, 3 saMcaya ke lie, 116 emmedoklIja ne jvAlAmukhI ke mu~ha meM chalA~ga lagAkara mRtyu prApta kI, 139

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200 . . mRtyu kI dastaka 144 aitareyopaniSad, 7, 75 kRSNa, 19, 84, 110, 127, 151 kRSNa ne svayaM ko yama, kAla aura mRtyu kahA, 7. 77. kaThopaniSad, 6, 7, 64, 65, 73, 74. 78, 79, 88, kRSNamUrti, 13 106, 110, 111, 162, 176 ketu, 100 kabIra (saMta / mahAtmA), 8, 10, 11, 13, 45, 86, kailAza, 131 _131, 154, 156, 189, 192 kaivalya (mokSa), 86 kabIra yugadraSTA the, 195 kaivalyopaniSad, 161 kabra, 53, 54 kozikA, 146 kayAmata, 54 kozikAoM ke kendraka, 143 kayAmata (nirNaya) ke dina, 56 kloniMga, 146 karapAtrI jI mahArAja, 64 karmakANDa, 112, 117 khannA, suSamA, 176, 13 karmakANDI, 193 karmayoni, 155 gaNita, 100 karmavAda aura janmAntaravA -dUsare ke paripUraka, gayA zrAddhakarma, 121 . garur3a purANa, 9, 107, 109 karmakSaya, 23 garur3a purANa mRtyu ke karmakANDa kA eka Avazyaka kalpavRkSa, 4 aMga,9 kavirAja gopInAtha, 167 gAr3hI nIMda, 11 kazerUkA, 133 gAMdhI, mahAtmA, 13, 188 kaSAya cAra prakAra ke, 26 giri, kusuma, 12, 171 . "kA" (zvAsa, prANavAyu) maratI nahIM, 129 giri, raghunAtha, 8, 87 kaoNraporala sola, 129 gItA, 7, 8, 11, 19, 45, 47, 60, 67, 85, 86, 89, kArTesa, rene De, 129 111, 127, 129, 132, 159, 160, 162, 163, kArDieka airesTsa, 39 175 kArDinara, 172 gItA kA prathama zrotA arjuna, 84 . kAla (mRtyu), 7, 77 gItA svayaM upaniSada, kAla, mRtyu, yama aura vyAdhi, saba eka hI, 63 gItAkAra, 84 kAlamaraNa, 23 gItAyeM cAhe mahAbhArata ke antargata kI hoM yA kAlavaMcana, 67 purANoM ke, 80 kAla = samaya kI gaNanA, 72 gItopaniSada, 106 kAlidAsa, 67 grIka paramparA meM mRtyu, 97 kirata-karma, 45 guNasUtra, 143 kirata dharma, 5 gRhya-sUtra, 116 kIrtilatA, 12, 1 gere, 139 kumArila bhaTTa kA AtghAtI prAyazcitta vidhAna, gorkI ne apanI hI pistaula se apane ko mArA, 140 ____139 kuraAna, 6, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56 goloka, 131 kuraAna va hadIsa, 52 gautamI kI kathA, 127 kUrma purANa kI IzvaragItA, 81

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anukramaNikA 201 candramA bhI mRtyu hai, 7 cArlsa DAravina kA vikAsavAda kA siddhAMta, 134 cArvAka, 89, 129 ciranidrA, 9, 95 cIna kI AtmA ke bAre meM mAnyatA, 129 caiTaraTana ne viSapAna karake mRtyu ko gale lagAyA, . 139 caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~, 4, 19 jaina paramparA meM mRtyu kA svarupa, 97 jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra mRtyu kA vAstavika artha 42 jaina, munnI puSpA, 4, 26 jaiminIya brAhmaNa, 72 jaivikI, 3 jaivikIya dRSTi se jIvita, 172 jo|i, jenTa (sara) 39 jyotiSa kAla ke bhogoM ko mRtyu mAnatA hai, 111 jyotiSa ke anusAra mRtyu ke kaI prasaMga aura pakSa, 100 jyotiSa ke vibhAga, 100 jyotiSa bhI karmakANDa kA aMga, 9, 109 jyotiSa vidyA ke aThAraha pravartaka, 100 jyotiSa-zAstra meM mRtyu kI avadhAraNA daihika stara taka,9 chAndogyopaniSad, 6, 17, 19, 70 jhA, hetukara, 12, 166 jhunajhunavAlA, dInAnAtha, 13, 183 DI.ena.e., 39 Dimba, 143 DekArTa, 13 Detha, brenasTema, 133 DoyojanIja, 139 janma aura maraNa kA cakra, 7, 18, 44, 127 . janma aura mRtyu paraspara virodhI nahI, 10, 137 . janma bhI sArvabhaumika, 1 janmadivasa banAma mRtyudivasa, 137 janma-maraNa rUpI saMsAra, 17 janma-mRtyu ke anAdi bandhana, 160 janmAntara-vAda, 10, 145 . jala-samAdhi, 114 jAtasya hI dhruvo mRtyuH dhruva janma mRtyuzca, 39 jinAgama, 5 jIna (jIvANu kozatattva), 3, 142, 143 jIvana aura mRtyu kI sAtatyatA, 13 . jIvana evaM maraNa kA svAmI allAha, 54 jIvana kA kAraNa anna, 75 jIvana kA pariSkAra, 131 jIvana mRtyu kI sahelI, 13 jIvanadrava (proToplAjma), 135 jIvanamukta, 20 . jIvAtmA, 20 jIvita koza, 135 jIvema zaradaH zatam, 70 jemsa, viliyama, 130 jaina, anekAnta kumAra, 4, 30 jaina AgamoM meM maraNa ke pramukha bheda, 27 jaina dharma, 2, 3 jaina dharma ke anusAra cha: paryAptiyA~ 41 jaina dharma meM mRtyu mahotsava, 4 jaina dharma meM saMthArA lenA bhI mRtyu prApti kA eka sAdhana, 180 tantrAloka, 63 tarka dvArA AtmA ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, 130 tAMtrika (zyAne), 181 tIrtha zrAddha, 121 tukArAma (santa), 45 tulasI kA vRkSa, 164 tulasIdAsa, (gosvAmI) 7, 86, 175, 186 taittirIya saMhitA, 116 taittirIyopaniSada, 75 daNDanIti (mithilA ke kavi), 168 dayAnanda (svAmI), 66 darzana, 132

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202 .. mRtyu kI dastaka nisA, 56 niHzreyas, 8 nIraja, 187 nidrA, mRtyu kA laghu saMskaraNa, 190 nidrAvasthA meM AtmA zarIra se nikalakara saira karane calI jAtI hai, 130 dazagAtra zrAddhakarma, 118 dAdU (santa), 45 dAha-saMskAra, 114 dina aura rAtri bhI mRtyu hai, 6 dvivedI, prabhunAtha, 6, 69 dvivedI, reNu, 5, 44 dvivedI, vrajaballabha, 6, 63 durthIma, 12, 173 devatA bhI amara nahI, 87 devatAoM kI Ayu, 92 devapatha, 133 devayAna, 133 devaloka, 108 devIgItA, 81, 82 . dehadaihika (phijiyolaoNjikala), 3 daihika (phijiyolaoNjikala), 3 droNAcArya, 98 dvAdazAha zrAddhakama, 120 dhannA (santa), 45 dhanvantari, 134 dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka cAra puruSArtha, 66 dharmasUtra, 116 padma purANa, 163 paMca prANa, 19 paMcakarmendriya yukta zarIra se prANa kA saMyoga na honA, 111 paMca-tattva, 130 paMca-tattva meM bhautika zarIra kA vilIna ho jAnA hI mRtyu hai, 133 paMcanakha athavA kSaurakama, 119 .. . paMcabhautika zarIra, 5, 12, 39. paMcamahAbhUta, 111 paMcajJAnendriya, 111, 167 parabrahma, 92 , paramezvara ke tIna kArya sRSTi, pAlana evaM nAza, 79 paramezvara paMcakRtyakArI hai, 68 paramezvara sabakI mRtyu hai, 79 paraloka, 65, 131 paraziva brahmA, 4 , parAtpara viSNu, 92 parNanara dAha, 115 pAithAgorasa ne AtmA kA divya udbhava mAnA, 132 pANDe, kapiladeva, 7, 78 pANDe, siyAzaraNa, 5, 38 pAMDavoM kA svargArohaNa, 139 pApagraha, 100 pAramezvarAgama, 4, 20 pArAzara-smRti, 116 pArvaNa zrAddha, 122 pArsansa, 12, 174 pAli tripiTaka meM nirvANa ko amRtapada kahA gayA, 186 piNDadAna, 108 pitara pUjana, 129 pitaraloka, 2, 108 naciketA, 6, 65, 71, 106, 131, 176 naciketA ke pitA dvArA use "mRtyu ko denA, 73 nandImukha zrAddha, 122 naye koza kI racanA, 135 naraka, 131 nAnakadeva, (guru) 5, 45, 47 nAmadeva (santa), 45 nArAyaNa bali, 108, 119 nArAyaNa, rameza, 13, 192 nArAyaNa, vaziSTha, 3, 89 nAza kArya kA hI nAma mRtyu hai, 79 nAsadIya sUkta, 88 nityavAdI, 8, 90 nityASoDazikArNava, 6, 63 nirvANa, 8, 86, 186 nirvApaNa, (eksaTiMgvizana), 3

Page #213
anukramaNikA 203 prANI ke tIna zarIra, 5, 42 prAyopagamana maraNa, 36 pUrvA kriyA, 112 pUrvajanmavAdI aura Adhunika vikAsavAdI kA eka - mata, 145 preta ko vaitaraNI pAra karanI hotI hai, 131 pretayoni, 108 phalita jyotiSa, 100 phraoNyaDa, 141 pitaroM se sambandhita parva,-122 pitRpatha, 133 pitRpakSa zrAddha, 108, 121 pitRmedha, 117 pitRyAna, 133 "pIra' preta, 186 pudgala, 5 pudgala-dravya, 41 punarjanma, 4, 5, 20, 129, 131, 184, 189 punarjanma kA siddhAnta, 143 punarjanma ke naye sthAna, 43. punarjanmavAdI, 10 purANa, 67, 132 purANoM meM narakoM kA vizada varNana, 131 puruSa parIkSA, 168 puruSArtha, 7 puruSArtha cAra prakAra ke, 66 pUrAcarana (melAna), 182 pRthvI ke Upara sAta loka, 131 pRthvI ke nIce sAta loka, 131 . paudgalika zakti, 40, 41 prakRti Atmatattva se bhinna sattA hai, 7, 85 prakRti evaM puruSa ke saMyoga se hI janma prakriyA kA - honA, 85 prakRti kA triguNAtmikA honA, 85 prakaTa maraNa, 22 prajanana hI amaratva, 135 prajApati, 70 prajApati kI preraNA se prANa (paMcaka) ne zarIra tyAga kiyA, 71 prajApati hI mRtyu hai, 6, 72 prasthAnatrayI meM gItA kA sthAna, 83 . prANa, pA~ca prakAra ke, 167 prANa kA abhAva hI zarIra kI mRtyu, 75 prANa ke dasa bheda, 9, 94 prANa tattva. 41 prANamRtyu hai, 71 prANAnAma tanuniSkrAMtira maraNaM, 19 prANAnta, 94 "barajakha' jindagI kI paribhASA, 53 brahmapatha, 133 brahmaloka, 86 brahmasUtra, 84 brahmA kA varSa, 92 brahmANDa, 1 "bA' jo azarIrI hai maraNa ke bAda pitaroM ke loka meM calI jAtI hai, 129 bAdarAyaNa vyAsa, 83 bAhya sallekhanA, 36 binA AtmA ko samajhe mRtyu ko samajhanA kaThina, 129 bIjaka, sAkhI, 157 bukhArI muslima, 55 buddha, (mahAtmA) 183 "buddhatva', 154 bubhukSA mRtyu hai, 6, 72 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada, 44, 65 baudhAyana, 117 bauddha, 2, 3 bauddha dRSTi meM mRtyu, 4 bauddha kSaNikavAdI, 21 byUbara, mArTina, 12, 169 brAhmaNa, 83, 117 brenasTema, 10 bhaktapratyAkhyAna, 36 bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke do bheda, 36

Page #214
204 mRtyu kI dastaka bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 5, 27, 34, 35, 36 mastiSka mUla (brenasTema - jisameM madhya mastiSka, bhaTTa 'kumArila, 64 pAsa aura meMDulA). 10, 133 bhAratIya prajJA ke anusAra mRtyu paraloka aura punarjanma mahAkAla apanI "tIsarI AMkha" se sRSTi kA anta ke bIca kA dvAra, 132 karate haiM, 3 bhAskararAya, 63, 64, 65 mahAkAla-zaMkara, 3, 134 bhISma pitAmaha, 127 mahAnidrA, 10 bhUmiyoga, 112 mahAprayANa, 9, 95 bhU-samAdhi, 115 mahAbrAhmaNa, 124 "bhogayoni', 155 mahAbhArata, 98, 106, 127, '136 bhogavAdI (epIkyUriyansa), 129 mahAmaraNa, 40 bhrUNakoza, 134 mahAmukti pAne meM samartha kauna, 153 bhrUNa-hatyA, 38 mahArapade, 47 mahAsvAmI, candrazekhara 4, 17 makara saMkrAnti, pitaroM kA parva 122 maheza ke varSa, 92 martyaloka, 160 mA~ banane evaM mA~ nahIM banane ke adhikAra kI mA~ga, madhyamA kriyA, 119 38 . mana hI AtmA hai, 129 mAnava kA eka varSa devatAoM ke lie eka dina-rAta . manuSya kA mRtyu ko bhUla jAnA aura kukarma karanA, ke barAbara, 92 60 mAnava kI Ayu sau varSa, 92 manuSya AtmA aura zarIra kA saMyoga hai, 129 mAnava mRtyu kA haraNa, 2 manuSyatva, 155 mAnava rUpI zarIra kI dazama dvAra rUpI guphA, 48 manusmRti, 64 mAnava sabhyatA aura saMskRti TikI hai kevala mRtyu maMgala, 100 ke bhaya para, 137 maMsUra ko sUlI car3hate hue lagA ki usakI zAdI mAnasa, 7, 86 ____ ho rahI hai, 130 mAmUna kI saltanata, 58 maraNa aura yama, 7, 78 maoNlara Detha, 134 maraNa ke cAra prakAra, 9, 24 maoNlikyUlara Detha, 1340 maraNa ke do bheda, 22 mithilA meM mRtyu ke samaya bhUmiyoga kA vizeSa maraNa ke satraha prakAra, 35 __ mAhAtmya, 113 maraNa, pA~ca prakAra ke, 35 minatI, 11, 148 maraNAnusmRti, 24 mizra, saMtoSa kumAra, 9, 110 maraNoparAnta jIvana, 2 mizra, trilokanAtha, 9, 100 . maranA-mAranA, 9, 96 misra meM "dviAtmA" kA siddhAMta, 129 marane kI kalA, 156 mImAMsA, 1 marane ke bAda kI sthiti ke tIna prakAra, 184 mIrAbAI, 45 marTana, 12, 174 mukti , 8 mRtaka zarIra ko katrima rUpa se "jIvita rakhane kI muni, zivAnanda, 63 vyavasthA, 3 mumukSujana, 64 mastiSka ke koSa, 10 musalamAna aura IsAI nyAya divasa. 145 mRcchakaTika, 139

Page #215
anukramaNikA 205 127 mRta zarIra punaH jIvita ho sakatA hai, 130 mRtyu ke liye zoka karane kI jarUrata nahIM, 127 mRtyu, 1, 7, 11, 77, 131 mRtyu ke samaya kI anizcitatA, 24 mRtyu aTala satya, 26 mRtyu ke smaraNa kA lAbha, 57 mRtyu avazyamabhAvI, 4 mRtyu ko paramezvara kahanA, 7 mRtyu aura kavi, 59 mRtyu ko mRtyu kI "lambI nIMda" kahanA, 11 mRtyu aura punarjanma, 2 mRtyu-cintA mahAmukti kA mArga, 153, 154 mRtyu aura yama zabda paryAyavAcI, 65 mRtyu ciraMtana nidrA, 130 mRtyu eka avasthA parivartana mAtra, 52 mRtyu jaba nikaTa ho, 57 mRtyu eka kamanIya aura ramaNIya yuvatI, 127 mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM mAtra zarIra kA parivartana. mRtyu eka dRzya-prapaMca hai jisase samasta vizva meM 40 naisargika ekatvaMtA kA bane rahanA, 2 mRtyu jIvana kA abhinna aMga, 21 mRtyu eka rahasya, 128 mRtyu jIvana kA AdhAra, 11 mRtyu kA azauca.. 116 mRtyu jIvana kA zAzvat satya, 44 mRtyu kA Adeza Izvara ke dvArA, 54 mRtyu jIvana se adhika vyApaka, 3, 9 mRtyu kA AnandamayI uttama svarUpa, 13 mRtyu jIvana hai, 3 mRtyu kA cakra, 1 mRtyu dhIratA se bhI prApta hotI hai aura kAyaratA se, mRtyu kA prabhAva kevala zarIra para, 53 27 - mRtyu kA bhaya mRtyu se bhI jyAdA bhayakAraka, 131 mRtyu nahIM to jIvana kahAM, 11 mRtyu kA rahasyodghATana, 2 mRtyu para vijaya, 2 mRtyu kA varaNa karanA, 2 . ' mRtyu pahelI nahIM anaMta yAtrA kA samAdhAna, 131 mRtyu kA zoka kyoM?, 152 mRtyu-bhaya, 11, 138, 143, 145, 159 mRtyu kisI pApa kA pariNAma nahIM hai, 1 mRtyu-bhaya kyoM?, 149 mRtyu kI anAdinidhanatA, sArvabhaumikatA, mRtyu-mahotsava, 26, 27, 29 asAMpradAyikatA svataH siddha hai, 30 mRtyu mAtra sapanA, 140 mRtyu kI. chA~va tale hI jIvana ko virAma milatA hai, mRtyu zabda kA kuraAna meM varNana, 50 137 mRtyu se kabhI bhI chUTa na sakanA, 25 mRtyu kI vAstavikatA apratyakSa, 51 mRtyu se kahIM bhI, kabhI bhI chUTa na sakanA, 25 mRtyu kI sahelI hai jIvana, 13 mRtyu se hI jIva amaratva prApta karatA hai, 1 mRtyu kI sArvabhaumikatA, 1, 9 mRtyu-saMskAra, 112 mRtyu ke karmakANDa, 9. mRtyu saMskAra - pUrvA, madhyamA tathA uttarA - tIna mRtyu ke kAraNoM kI adhikatA, 25 caraNa, 9 mRtyu ke cAra kAraNa, 22 mRtyu sarvavyApI, 56 mRtyu ke devatA yama, 7, 130 mRtyukarma-saMskAra, 42 mRtyu ke do paryAya, 7, 78 mRtyudaNDa, 132 mRtyu ke pazcAt aura kayAmata se pahale AtmA kA mRtyurahita kauna, 7 . nivAsa, 53 mRtyuloka, 108 __ mRtyu ke prakAra, 96 . mRtyormAmRtamagamaya, 70, 131 mRtyu ke bAda mRta zarIra kI sthiti samAnadharmA melAna, 13, 181 hotI hai, 184 melAna nAmaka loka avadhAraNA meM vyakti mRtyu kA mRtyu ke lie prayukta pramukha zabda, 9, 94 anubhava, 180

Page #216
206 mRtyu kI dastaka meSa saMkrAnti, pitaroM kA parva 123 rAdhAkRSNana, sarvapallI, 11, 155 mehatA, bhAnuzaMkara, 10, 127 raoNbarTa klAiva ne apane ko tIna bAra mArane kA... maikAivara, 12, 174 prayAsa kiyA, 139 maithila paramparA meM mRtyu, 12 rAma, 110, 151, maitrAyaNI zAkhA, 71 rAmatIrtha kI jalasamAdhi, 139 maitreyI, 44, 65 rAya, vijaya kumAra, 10, 136 mokSa (mukti ), 7, 8, 9, 40, 86, 131 rAya, sudhIra kumAra, 5, 34 mokSa kI avasthA, 40 rAhu, 100 mokSa, janma-maraNa donoM se mukti, 9 rUha kA janma, 129 mauta arabI bhASA kA zabda, 50 roga aura vyAdhi, 63 mauta do prakAra kI, 188 roga aura vyAdhi meM antara nahI, 63 raidAsa (santa), 45 yama aura naciketA kA saMvAda, 64 yama ko hI vaivasvata deva, arthAt vivasvAna = sUrya lADo ne bhI apane ko apanI hI golI se mAra devatA mAnA gayA hai, 64 DAlAM, 139 yamagItA, 7, 79, 80, 81, 82 liMga pahacAnakara bhrUNa-hatyA ke prayAsa, 38 yamadUta, 108 lukama, 56 yamadUtoM ke svarUpa kI kalpanA, 130 lokAcAra paddhati dvArA antima saMskAra, 112 yamapatha, 133 yamamArga, 107 varaz2akha kA ghara, 53 - yamarAja, 6, 7, 65, 71, 107 varAha purANa kI rudragItA, .81 yamarAja ke do zvAnoM kI vyAkhyA, 67 valIullAha zAha, 50 yamaloka, 107, 131 vaziSTha, 110 yahUdI, 2 vAjazravasa kA putra naciketA, 88 yakSa, 106 vAmakezvarImata, 63 . yakSa dvArA pUchA gayA prazna, 151 vAyu mRtyu hai, 7 yAjJavalkya, 112 vArSika zrAddhakama, 121 yudhiSThira, (dharmarAja) 106, 136 vAsanAmaya viSaya, pA~ca prakAra ke, 167 yUnAna, 129 vikAsavAdI, 11 yUnAna ke aphalAtUna varga, 129 vikAsavAdI siddhAMta, 3 yoga evaM Agama tantrazAstra, 67 videha-mukti , 9, 95 yogavAsiSTha, 11, 166, 168 vidyAnanda, 63 yogazAstra, 6, 7, 65 vidyApati, 12, 169 yogasUtra, 145 vidyApati kavi, 12 yogI ke prANa kapAla se nikalate haiM, 132 vinobA bhAve (santa), 13, 190 viliyama jemsa, 130 raghuvaMza, 67 vivaraNa, 63 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 27 vivekAnanda (svAmI), 156 ravIndranAtha Taigora, (gurudeva) 11, 131, 150 viSNu, 131

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anukramaNikA 207 111 viSNu aura maheza ke kAla se choTA hai brahmA kA zava, 128 kAla, 3 zava-yAtrA, 113 viSNu kA varSa, 92 . zavoM kA mamIkaraNa, 130 viSNu purANa, 7, 80, 112 zAMti-parva, 127 viSNu purANa kI yamagItA, 81 zAradA tilaka, 168 viSNu-rUpa, 164 zAstrI, rAmapraveza, 13, 187 viSNuloka, 131 zAhavalIullAha, 6 vijJAnabhairava, 66 zukrANu ke prakAra, 144 vIrazaiva dharma (liMgAyata sampradAya), 3. 4 zuddha jIva kA punarjanma nahIM hotA, 186 vIrazaiva dharma meM mRtyu kA vicAra, 17 zubha aura azubha graha, 9 vRSotsarga zrAddhakama, 119 zekhapharIda, 45 vejiTeTIva lAipha, 10 zaiva, 193 veda aMzataH pauruSeya hai,.83 zvetAzvataropaniSada, 76 veda ke cAra bhAga, 83 zmazAna, 117 vedAMta AtmA kI amaratA ko svIkAra karatA hai, SoDsa saMskAra, 111 vedArthapArijAta, 64 vebara, maiksa, 170 . sakayat (maraNAsanna), 6 vaitaraNI, 9 sakarAta (maraNAsanna) kI avasthA, 50, 57 vaitaraNIdAna, 112 sakalakIrti, (AcArya) 27 vaidika karmakANDa saMsAra-sAgara kI yAtrA meM sahAyaka sadAziva, 92 __ nahIM ho sakatA, 56 sadAsukhadAsa, 27 vaidika paramparA ke anusAra mRtyu, 97 . sanAtana aura purAtana, 12 vaivasvata deva; arthAt dharmarAja, 7, 64, 67 sanAtana dharma, 111, 116 vyAsabhASya, 145 sanAtana (hindU), dharmazAstra 111 saMta zAMta bhAva se mRtyu kA varaNa karate hai, 130 zatapatha brAhmaNa, 71, 72, 117 saMthArA, 26 zani, 100 saMthArA athavA sallekhanA, 4 zamI vRkSa, 117 saMvatsaro mRtyuH, 6, 71 zarIra aura AtmA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU,129 saMsAra anAdi pravAha rUpa, 17 zarIra ko tyAganA hai mRtyu, 98 saMhitA, 83 zarIra ko dhAraNa karanA hai janma, 98 sapiNDIkaraNa, 9 zarIra ko maraNadharmA kahA gayA, 75 samAdhimaraNa, 4, 26, 27, 29 zarIra tyAga ke tIna bheda, 26 samAdhimaraNa kA niyama do prakAra se, 28 zarIra se alaga AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai, 129 sallekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM hai, 32 zarIra se alaga kisI caitanya AtmA kA pramANa sallekhanA kA artha, 31 kahIM, 130 sallekhanA kA kAla, 31 zarIra se AtmA kA viyoga hI mRtyu, 75 sallekhanA ke do bheda, 36 zarIra se AtmA kA saMyoga hI janma, 75 sallekhanA ke lie, cha: prakAra ke tapa, 36 zarIra se AtmA bhinna, 129 -

Page #218
208 mRtyu kI dastaka svargaloka kA madhura svarUpa, 131 svargavAsa, 9, 95 svecchA varaNa se bhI mRtyu svIkAra, 5, 139 spinojA, 129 sallekhanA yA mRtyu-mahotsava, 4, 26, 27, 28, 29 sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa, 4 sahaja mRtyu, 132 sAkhI grantha, 157 sAMkhya darzana, 66 sAmAjika dRSTi se jIvita, 172 sAmAjika mRtyu, 13, 173, 175 sAmAjika mRtyu tIna prakAra kI, 173 sAmAnya mRtyu, 96 sAmAnyotsarga athavA vastudAna, 119 sAvitrI, 11, 128, 155 sA, 8, 13, 131, 178 sikandara, 151 sikha dharma, 3, 45 sikha dharma meM mRtyu, 5 sikha dharma meM mRtyu ke pazcAt pitaraloka kI koI vyavasthA nahIM, 49 sinhA, vaziSTha nArAyaNa, 8, 93 siMha, rAghavendra pratApa, 13, 180 sukarAta, 11, 131, 157, 189 suraha nisA, 56 suzruta, 43 sUrya, 100 sUrya, candramA, ahorAtra aura saMvatsara ko bhI mRtyu __kahate hai, 72 sUrya bhI mRtyu hai, 7 sUrya siddhAnta jyotiSa kA ArSa grantha, 9, 100 sUkSma avyakta jJAna-karaNoM meM lauTa jAte haiM, pA~ca prakAra ke, 167 sUkSma zarIra, 167 sUkSma zarIra meM paMca jJAnendriya, paMca karmendriya, 7, 91 sRSTikartA brahmA kA kAla, 3 sRSTi ke AraMbha meM mRtyu yA amaratA nahIM, 132 semAiTI dharma, 2, 3 skaMda purANa, 4, 18, 19 skandha, pA~ca prakAra ke, 21, 22 sthU la zarIra, 167 svacAlita taMtrikA (simpetheTika), 10, 133 svarga kA sthAna mokSa ko diyA gayA, 66 svargaloka, 131, 160 hadIsa, 6, 50, 53, 54, 55 hanumAna, 98 haMsagAyatrI, 66 hama na marai marihai saMsArA, hamakU~ milyA jiyAvanahArA, ___10, 195 hayAta arthAt jIvana kA viloma, 50 yUma jaise zUnyavAdI, 141 hAiDegara, mArTina, 13, 177 hADArAnI kA svayaM se zirocchedana, 140 hAdividyA, 64 hArTa laMga mazIna, 10 hindU dharmazAstra, 1, 2, 3 hibrU, 129 hIna, AtmA kA mRtyu ke bAda vilIna honA, 129 hujjatullahilavAlegaha, 52, 53 . hUna, AtmA kA mRtyu ke bAda jIvita rahanA, 129 kSudhA aura tRSA prANa ke dharma, 19 tripAThI, baMzIdhara, 7, 83 tripAThI, rAmazaMkara, 4, 21 tripiNDI zrAddha, 121 jJAnadeva, (santa), 45 . jJAnezvara kI jIvita samAdhi, 1391 zrama mRtyu, 6, 72 zrAddhakarma, 123 zrAvakAcAra, 27 . zrI siddhAMtazikhAmaNi, 4, 18 zrImadbhagavadgItA, 6, 8, 73, 76, 77, 83,89, 110, 127, 148, 160, 176 zrIvAstava, ajaya kumAra, 11, 159 zrIta prasthAna ke antargata, ekAdaza upaniSadoM kI gaNanA, 83

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pro. baidyanAtha sarasvatI cAra dazakoM se eka mAne hue mAnava-vijJAna-zAstrI haiM jinhoMne pAramparika vicAradhArA aura Adhunika vijJAna ke samparka para cintana-manana karake Adhunika yuga meM hindU vicAradhArA kI samIkSA kI hai| hindU dharma ke mizrita sUtroM se eka saMyojita sUtra ko nikAlane ke unake isa prayAsa se bahuta loga paricita haiN| unakI racI huI pustakeM - brAhmaNika ricuala TreDizans; kAzI - mitha eNDa riyaliTI; spekTrama oNpha da sekreDa; da iTarnala hinduijma, evaM kalcarsa eNDa kaoNsmos - vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| zrI. rAmalakhana maurya eka samAjazAstrI haiM jinhoMne kAzI kI vidhavAoM tathA harijanoM kA tathA iMdirA gA~dhI rASTrIya kalA kendra evaM yUnesko kI grAmINa bhArata ke adhyayana kI pariyojanA ke antargata uttara pradeza ke kaI gAMvoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| Apane kaI nibandha bhI likhe haiN| Apa nirmala kumAra bosa smAraka pratiSThAna, vArANasI ke maMtrI, tathA sekreDa sAIMsa rivyU ke prabandha sampAdaka haiN| 2005, vii,208p.; Index;23 cm. ISBN 81-246-0314-6 (Hardbound) Rs.300 US$15.00

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