Ahimsa ki Sukshma Vyakhya Kriya ke Sandarbh Me

Author(s): Gaveshnashreeji
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032421/1

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sUkSma ahiMsA kI vyAkhyAH kriyA ke saMdarbha meM sAdhvI gaveSaNA zrI

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prastuta grantha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM jaina darzana ke eka mukhya viSaya para zAstrIya dRSTi se aisA prAmANika adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA jo bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya adhyetAoM ke liye to nitAnta navIna hai hI jaina darzana ke adhyetA bhI isa grantha ke pratyeka pRSTha para kucha na kucha nayA avazya paayeNge| bahuta se zodha granthoM meM jo Ajakala pracArAtmaka pravRtti dikhAyI detI hai, usakA isa grantha meM abhAva hai| zodhArthiyoM ke liye yaha bAta anukaraNIya hai| zodhArthI kA kArya tathyoM ko sahI pariprekSya meM yukti saMgata DhaMga se prastuta kara denA hai, prazastiparaka guNagAna karanA usakA kArya nahIM hai| use kisI siddhAnta kI guNavattA kA mUlyAMkana pAThaka para chor3a denA cAhiye na ki apanI mAnyatA pAThaka para thopanI caahiye| DaoN. sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrIjI isa niyama kA pAlana kiyA hai| isake liye ve sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN| pro. dayAnanda bhArgava pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa, jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma tathA darzana vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanU~ (rAjasthAna)

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ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA lekhikA sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI sampAdikA DaoN. samaNI satyaprajJA . sahAyaka prophesara, ahiMsA evaM zAnti vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) prakAzaka jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM - 341 306 (rAjasthAna) bhArata

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prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM - 341 306 (rAjasthAna) prathama saMskaraNa : janavarI, 2009 : 300/- rupaye Arthika saujanya : samadar3I nivAsI koppala pravAsI svargIya pitAzrI sukharAjajI jIrAvalA kI puNya smRti meM mAtuzrI sundara devI jIrAvalA kI preraNA se suputra rANamala, bhaMvaralAla, mohanalAla, sohanalAla, pArasamala, kAMtilAla samasta jIrAvalA parivAra sohanalAla lalitakumAra jIrAvalA, kopalla (karnATaka) mudraka : kalA bhAratI, navIna zAhadarA, dillI-32

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AzIrvacana jaina darzana meM kriyA para sUkSma aura vyApaka dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| usakA saMbaMdha janmoM kI zrRMkhalA, Atmika unnati aura avanati, baMdha aura mukti Adi aneka viSayoM se hai| sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI ne 'ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA', AtmA kI AMtarika cetanA meM rahe hue parispaMda ke siddhAnta para adhyayana kiyA hai| usameM adhyayana kI gaMbhIratA jhalaka rahI hai| yaha adhyayana kevala jaina darzana aura sAhitya taka sImita nahIM hai| zarIra vijJAna, manovijJAna Adi Adhunika cintana dhArAoM ke saMdarbha meM bhI kriyA ko yahAM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI ne isa kArya meM taTasthatA pUrvaka zrama aura zakti kA niyojana kiyA hai| sudhI pAThaka ko isase kriyA, karma, baMdha aura mukti Adi ko jAnane kA avasara milegaa| AcArya mahAprajJa 8 janavarI, 2008 rAyapura (rAjasthAna)

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do zabda vizva vAGgamaya kI anamola dharohara hai - Agama / jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta maulika graMtha | jJAna-vijJAna ke akSayakoSa, sabhyatA-saMskRti ke jIvaMta dastAveja haiM / tattvajJAna kA mhaasaagr| jJAna anaMta hai, zabdoM kI apanI sImA hai| ananta satya ko anubhUtiyoM ke AIne evaM anubhUtiyoM ko zabdoM ke AIne para utArA nahIM jA sktaa| jo kucha bhI par3hA likhA jA sakatA hai sAgara kI eka bUMda hai| bhArata bhUmi darzanoM kI janmadAtrI hai| dArzanika cintana hI bhAratIya saMskRti kI prANa pratiSThA hai| gaurava hai| AtmA, karma, punarjanma, baMdha, mokSa bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke cintana bindu rahe haiN| AtmA kA kyA hai? dRzya jagat kyA hai| vaicitrya kA AdhAra kyA hai ? Adi prazna jIvana ke uSA - kAla ke mAnava mastiSka ko jhakajhorate rahe haiN| - jagat rUpa kArya pratyakSa hai, kintu AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hai| kAraNa kI mImAMsA ke saMdarbha meM loka, AtmA, kriyA aura karma ko mukhyatA dI gii| AtmA kA astitva traikAlika hai / yaha tathya lokAyata ke atirikta sarva mAnya hai| karma kA sAmAnya arthakriyA hai / mana, vacana aura zarIra ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI saMpUrNa kriyA ko karma saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai kriyA karma kI jananI hai| AtmavAda, karmavAda aura lokavAda (sRSTi) para bharapUra sAhitya upalabdha m

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hai| manISiyoM kI lekhaniyoM ne sarasvatI ke bhaNDAra kI abhivRddhi meM pUrA yogadAna diyA hai kintu kriyAvAda anachuA raha gyaa| ___ sAdhvI gaveSaNA ne isa apanI zodha kA viSaya cunakara jJAna kA nayA dvAra kholA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM "Agama-sAhitya' meM pratipAdita kriyAoM kA samIcIna vizleSaNa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai| isa gaMbhIra viSaya para likhanA Ter3hI khIra thii| pUjyavaroM kA AzIrvAda hI inakI viSaya yAtrA ko gati de sakA hai tathA lakSya kI pUrNatA taka pahuMca sakI hai| dArzanika cintana, adhyayana kSamatA evaM pratibhA kA mUlyAMkana to vijJa loga kreNge| itanA avazya hai ki Agama-adhyayana karane kA rAstA inake lie prazasta huA hai| ___ "zodha-prabaMdha" kisI ke liye preraNA-pAtheya bana sakA to lekhikA ko Atma-toSa kI anubhUti hogii| paccIsa varSa se mere sAtha rahane vAlI sahavartinI sAdhvI gaveSaNA ke prati harSAtireka ke sAtha maMgala kAmanA hai ki lekhana kArya meM inakI gati-pragati hotI rhe| inakA utsAha, Atma-vizvAsa aura bhItara kI jijJAsA, saphalatA kI UMcAiyAM detA rhe| isI zubhAzaMsA ke sAtha ... pAvasa pravAsa sAdhvI nagInA jodhapura vi.saM. 2064 V

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bhUmikA DaoN. sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI ne jaina paramparA ko kendra meM rakhakara kriyA kA dArzanika aura vaijJAnika anuzIlana kiyA jisa para unheM jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM ke jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma tathA darzana vibhAga ke antargata pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta huii| prastuta grantha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM jaina darzana ke eka mukhya viSaya para zAstrIya dRSTi se aisA prAmANika adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA jo bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya adhyetAoM ke liye to nitAnta navIna hai hI jaina darzana ke adhyetA bhI isa grantha ke pratyeka pRSTha para kucha na kucha nayA avazya paayeNge| bahuta se zodha granthoM meM jo Ajakala pracArAtmaka pravRtti dikhAyI detI hai, usakA isa grantha meM abhAva hai| zodhArthiyoM ke liye yaha bAta anukaraNIya hai| zodhArthI kA kArya tathyoM ko sahI pariprekSya meM yukti saMgata DhaMga se prastuta kara denA hai, prazastiparaka guNagAna karanA usakA kArya nahIM hai| use kisI siddhAnta kI guNavattA kA mUlyAMkana pAThaka para chor3a denA cAhiye na ki apanI mAnyatA pAThaka para thopanI caahiye| DaoN. sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrIjI isa niyama kA pAlana kiyA hai| isake liye ve sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN| Aja vijJAna padArtha kI apekSA kriyA para adhika bala de rahA hai| vaha kaha rahA hai ki vizva meM nRtya to hai kintu nartaka koI nahIM hai| kriyA-pratikriyA to hai kintu koI aisA Thosa ghaTaka nahIM hai jinase vizva banA ho| aisA meM kriyA kA

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mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| bhautika vijJAna kriyA kA adhyayana karatA hai kintu darzana kriyA kA cetanA para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai - isa kA bhI adhyayana karatA hai| aba vijJAna bhI cetanA ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAne kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai| aise meM prastuta adhyayana apane bhaviSya kI gambhIra sambhAvanAyeM chipAye hai| pro. dayAnanda bhArgava pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa, jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma tathA darzana vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanU~ (rAjasthAna ) VI

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purovAk bhAratIya dArzanika vicAradhArA meM (vizeSata: AcAramImAMsA ke saMdarbha meM) 'kriyA' eka mahattvapUrNa vicAra bindu rahA hai / jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra ho, sabhyatA va saMskRti ke vikAsa kA lakSya ho, 'kriyA' kI mahattA sadA rahI hai| bhAratavarSa ko 'karmabhUmi' kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yahAM kI gaI 'kriyA' se hamAre bhAvI jIvana kI dizA nirdhArita hotI hai| aura lokottara niHzreyasa kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyA jA sakatA hai|' isIlie mAnA jAtA hai ki svarga ke devatA bhI bhAratavAsI mAnava-jAti kA guNagAna - kIrtigAna karate hue kahate haiM ki "bhAratavAsI dhanya haiM, kyoMki yahAM kiye gaye sadAcAra ke bala para 'deva' rUpa meM janma lekara svarga-sukha, aura kabhI-kabhI mukti sukha donoM prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| nizcita hI ina para paramAtmA vizeSa prasanna hai, isalie inheM paramAtma- sevA kA avasara prApta hotA hai| 2 laukika jIvana meM 'kriyA' jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra ho, 'niSkriyatA' kA jIvana AdaraNIya nahIM rahA hai| vaidika sUktoM meM prArthanA - kAmanA kI gaI hai ki hama 'kriyA' karate hue hI zatAyu - paryanta jIvana vyatIta kreN|" mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra to samasta vaidika vacana vastutaH 'kriyArthaka' arthAt 'karma' kI preraNA dete haiM / ' vastutaH koI bhI prANI pUrNa niSkriyaniSkarma hokara jIvana-yApana kara hI nahIM sktaa|' kintu karma - doSa se bacate hue zAstrasammata satkarma karanA zreyaskara hotA hai| saMskRta ke mahAn mahAkavi bhAravi kA naitika upadezaparaka eka prasiddha zloka hai 'sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm" arthAt koI bhI kAma sahasA binA soce-samajhe, bhAvodreka meM, nahIM karanA caahie| soca-samajha kara kArya karane vAle samajhadAra vyaktiyoM ke lie dArzanika sAhitya meM 'prekSApUrvakArI' (prekSA, samajhadArI pUrvaka kAma karane vAle) zabda prayukta hotA hai| inhIM samajhadAroM meM se kucha loga eka hI VII

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kriyA se aneka kAryoM kI siddhi kara lene meM kuzala hote haiN| unhIM ke sandarbha meM saMskRta kI eka prasiddha sUkti hai ekA kriyA dvyarthakarI prasiddhA, AmrAzca siktAH pitarazca tRptaaH| arthAt eka hI kriyA do vibhinna kAryoM / prayojanoM kI siddhi karatI hai, udAharaNArtha pitaroM kA tarpaNa (arghadAna) bhI ho gayA aura Ama ke per3a ko sIMca bhI diyaa| 'eka tIra se do zikAra' kI ukti aise logoM ke lie caritArtha hotI hai| jaise prAtaHkAla TahalateTahalate kisI mitra ke ghara ho Ae to mitra se milanA bhI ho gayA aura prAta: kAla zArIrika vyAyAma bhI ho gyaa| dArzanika cintakoM ke anusAra bhI pratyeka padArtha vibhinna 'arthakriyA' kara sakatA hai, arthAt vaha aneka prayojanoM kA sAdhaka ho sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha eka hI agni dAhaka, pAcaka va prakAzaka ke rUpa meM kramazaH jalAne, khAnA pakAne aura prakAza dene kI arthakriyA kara sakatA hai / " 8 kriyA ke sandarbha meM maharSi vedavyAsa kA sArabhUta kathana yahAM mananIya hai jo bhAratIya saMskRti meM 'kriyA' yA karma kI sAmAnya avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karatA hai alpaM hi sArabhUyiSThaM karmodArameva tat / kRtamevAkRtAcchreya: na pApIyo'styakarmaNaH / / ' arthAt kucha na karane kI apekSA kucha karanA acchA hai, kyoMki niSkarmatA, niSkriyatA se bar3ha kara koI pApa nahIM hai| bhale hI koI kAma, choTA dikhAI detA ho, kintu yadi usakA sAra yA pariNAma bahuAyAmI ho to vaha karma mahAn hI hai| bhAgavata purANa kA yaha kathana bhI sArabhUta hai ki 'karma hI guru yA Izvara hai'| vastutaH samasta jagat kI sukhaduHkhAtmaka vicitratA ke pIche (sadasat) 'karma' hI pramukha kAraNa hote haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM 'kriyA' zabda sadAcAra, prazasta kriyA ke artha meM bahuzaH prayukta huA hai| " pratyeka darzana apanI AcAramImAMsA ke sandarbha meM 'kriyA' yA 'karma' kI hI vistRta vyAkhyA yA vivecanA karatA hai| isalie sadAcaraNa, zreSTha-karma yA dharmAcaraNa kI taraha hI laukika jIvana meM 'kriyA' kI mahattA va upayogitA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| bhautika jagat kI 'kriyA' : vijJAna va adhyAtma ke Aloka meM vaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to bhautika jagat kA pratyeka paramANu kriyAzIla yA sakriya hai| isameM 'proTona' (dhanAtmaka udyatkaNa) tathA ilekTrAna (RNAtmaka vidyutkaNa) sarvadA, nirantara spandana rUpa sUkSma kriyA karate rahate haiN| jisa pRthvI para hama rahate haiM, vaha bhI VIII

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tizIla hai aura vaha svayaM ghUmatI huI sUrya kA cakkara lagAtI rahatI hai| isI ke phalasvarUpa dina-rAta, Rtu parivartana Adi ghaTanAeM anubhava - pratyakSa hotI haiN| pratyeka padArtha kI apanI svAbhAvika 'kriyA' hai, usakI apanI eka racanA-prakriyA hai, anya padArthoM ke samparka meM usakI vizeSa pratikriyA yA udAsInatA hotI hai| pratyeka padArtha vizeSa paristhiti meM vizeSa vikriyA (vikAra yA pariNati ) se gujaratA hai| inhIM padArthIya racanA-prakriyA, kriyA-pratikriyA-vikriyA (vikAra) Adi ke anusandhAna va adhyayana se aneka vaijJAnika AviSkAra hue haiM aura hote raheMge jo bhautika sabhyatA va sAmAnya jana-jIvana ko atyadhika prabhAvita karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| bhAratIya dArzanika vicAradhArA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to isa samasta saMsAra kI pramukha vizeSatA hI hai isakI saMsaraNakriyA / 'saMsAra' va 'jagat' zabdoM kI niyukti bhI isa tathya ko puSTa karatI hai / nirantara jisameM saMsaraNazIlatA, kriyAzIlatA hai, gatizIlatA hai, vaha 'saMsAra' hai yA 'jagat' hai| 12 saMsAra ke ghaTaka tattva haiM ajIva (jar3a, bhautika) aura jIva (cetana) pdaarth| ina donoM meM bhI 'jIva' pramukha hai, kyoMki vaha bhoktA hai aura zeSa padArtha (jar3a) bhogya / ajIva (jar3a) padArthoM meM se hI kucha se jIva ke zarIra, indriya Adi kA nirmANa hotA hai aura usI ke sahAre jIva kI gatizIlatA sakriyatA naye-naye AyAma letI hai / isI dRSTi se jIva ko rathI aura zarIra ko ratha kI yA jIva ko nAvika kI aura zarIra ko nAva kI upamA dI gaI hai| 13 saMsArI jIva apane samparka meM Ae, ajIva padArthoM ke prati yA anya jIvoM ke prati, apane acche-bure bhAvoM se acchI yA burI kriyA karatA hai| isa kriyA ke pIche usakA ajJAna va moha pramukha kAraNa hotA hai / 14 yadyapi sAMsArika padArtha svapnavat anitya-vinAzI hote haiM, tathApi ina padArthoM ko sthAyI va sukhadAyI samajha kara kiye gaye mAnasika sadbhAva yA asadbhAva jIva ko kriyAzIla karate haiM aura jIva ke saMsAra bhramaNa ke kAraNa hote haiN| 15 usa kriyA kI pratikriyAsvarUpa eka sUkSma karmacakra nirmita hotA hai aura yahIM se zubhAzubha karma - bandhana kI prakriyA calatI calI jAtI hai|" isa zubhAzubha karma cakra ke AdhAra para jIva ke bhAvI sukha - duHkhAtmaka jIvana kI dizA nirdhArita hotI hai| phalasvarUpa, upArjita karmoM ke anurUpa, maraNa ke bAda bhI, sadgati yA durgati prApta hotI hai, apane kriyAguNoM Adi ke anurUpa jIva sthUla sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa karane ko bAdhya hotA hai| 17 IX

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janmAntara vAle jIvana meM bhI pUrvavat kriyAzIlatA ke kAraNa zubhAzubha karmoM kA upArjana bhI calatA rahatA hai, ata: janma-janmAntaraNa, janma-maraNa-punarjanma Adi kI prakriyA nirantara pravartamAna rahatI hai| duHkha va azAMti ke jIvana kA kAraNa- 'kriyA' niSkarSa yaha hai ki jIva-ajIva kI krIDAsthalI 'saMsAra' nirantara bhAgadauDa, gatizIlatA, sakriyatA ke kAraNa nirantara azAnta dRSTigocara hotA hai| kisI saMsArI jIva ko vAstavika sukha-zAMti kA anubhava nahIM ho paataa| saMsAra ke ukta svarUpa ko maharSi vedavyAsa ne eka sundara dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai : yathA vastUni paNyAni hemAdIni ttsttH| paryaTanti nareSvevaM jIvo yoniSu krtRssu|| (bhAgavata- 6/16/6) arthAt jaise kisI vyApArika maNDI meM jahAM sone-cA~dI se lekara sAmAnya jIvanopayogI vastuoM kA thoka yA khudarA vyApAra hotA ho- bece jAne vAlI yA kharIde jAne vAlI vastueM idhara se udhara lAI-le jAI jAtI rahatI haiM, vaise hI jIva vividha yoniyoM meM, yahAM se vahAM nirantara-bhramaNa kara rahe haiN| yA karAye jA rahe haiM bAjAra meM nirantara halacala, bhAgadaur3a, gamanAgamana se eka azAMta-tanAvapUrNa vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai| vyApArika pratispardhA meM vikretA vyApArI apanI vastu ko adhikAdhika lAbha meM becanA cAhate haiM to kharIdadAra adhikAdhika saste dAmoM meM acchI se acchI vastu, vaha bhI jAMca parakha kara kharIdanA cAhatA hai| sarvatra tanAva rahatA hai, bhIr3a meM sabase jaldI apanA kAma pUrA karane kI bhAgadaur3a rahatI hai, asantoSa, lobha tathA pratispardhAtmaka mAnasika vyagratA rahatI hai| isI taraha, isa saMsAra meM pratyeka vyakti kAmabhogoM ko adhikAdhika kharIdane-hastagata karane kI pratispardhA meM tanAvagrasta va azAMta sakriya jIvana jI rahA hai, vizrAnti-zAMti kabhI nahIM prApta karatA hai| ___ jaina paramparA meM bhI isa jIva-loka ko vyApArI dRSTi se varNita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ina jIvoM meM tIna taraha ke vyApArI haiN| eka to ve jo kisI taraha mUla pUMjI bacA pAte haiM, aura dUsare ve jo apanI mUla pUMjI bacAte hue adhikAdhika lAbha kamAte haiM, tIsare ve jo lAbha to kyA, apanI mUla pUMjI bhI gavAM dete haiN| lAbha kamAne vAle jIva ve haiM jo manuSya bhava prApta kara devagati kA lAbha pAne meM saphala hote haiN| jo manuSya bhava prApta kara manuSya yoni meM jAne kA karma-upArjita karate haiM, ve mUladhana surakSita rakha pAne vAle

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vyApArI jaise haiN| kintu jo manuSya bhava prApta karake bhI, nIca-pApakriyAoM- karmabhogoM meM lipta raha kara naraka-tiryaMca Adi durgati pAne vAle haiM, ve una vyApAriyoM kI taraha paramaduHkhI haiM jo vyApAra meM apanI mUlapUMjI bhI gaMvA baiThate hai| aise loga una juAriyoM jaise haiM jo dAva meM kAkiNI (kaur3I kI vastu) ke lie hajAra sone kI muhara hAra jAte haiN|" kAmabhoga-sambandhI bhAgadaur3a, pArasparika IrSyA unake vinAza kA kAraNa banatI hai| jaise gIdha pakSiyoM para aura garur3a soM para TUTa par3atA hai aura unheM mAra DAlatA hai, vaise hI kAmabhoga-sambandhI manobhAva jIva ko durgatirUpa saMsAra meM Dhakela kara usakI vinAzayAtrA kA mArga prazasta karate haiN|20 isI cintana ke pariprekSya meM isa saMsAra ko duHkhasthalI aura 'ananta duHkhasAgara' kI taraha dustaraNIya batAyA gayA hai|21 saMsAra-cakra kI durantatA va dustaratA ko iMgita karane ke lie jaina paramparA meM saMsAra-parivartana ko pAMca prakAroM meM vargIkRta kara samajhAyA gayA hai| ye 5 prakAra haiMdravyaparivartana, kSetraparivartana, kAla-parivartana, bhAva-parivartana aura bhv-privrtn|22 ina parivartanoM ke nirUpaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki saMsAra kA aisA koI kSetra nahIM bacA hai jahAM pratyeka jIva ne janma na liyA ho,23 aisA koI bhautika karma-paramANu nahIM hai jise usane karmarUpa meM pariNata nahIM kiyA ho| kahane kA sAra yaha hai ki hama ananta bAra janme aura mare haiN| isa nirantara saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hamArI apanI 'kriyA' hai, aura koI nhiiN| prAya: sabhI Astika adhyAtma-darzanoM kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki isa saMsAra meM sukhaduHkhadAyI sugati-durgatiyoM meM jIva dvArA kI gaI kriyAeM- kiye gaye zubhAzubha karma hI kAraNa haiM,24 karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke pIche dRSTikoNa mukhya hetu hai,5 isa saMsaraNakriyAcakra se chUTane kA upAya 'niSkarma' honA hai aura niSkarmatA (akriyatA) kI sthiti ke lie puNya-pApa- ina donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA kSaya apekSita hai|26 isa saMsAra-cakra se aspRSTa koI hai to vahI hai jo parama jJAnAdikriyA-sampanna hote hue bhI niSkala, niSkriya hai aura isa samasta saMsAra kA sAkSI (jJAtA-draSTA) hai|27 bhAratIya darzanoM meM kriyA-sambandhI vividha nirUpaNa sabhI darzanoM meM, cAhe ve Astika darzana hoM yA nAstika, 'kriyA' kA nirUpaNa huA hI hai| cArvAka jaise nAstika darzana meM bhI 'khAo, pIo, mauja karo' kI kriyA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| zeSa bhAratIya darzanoM meM, jo punarjanma, paraloka Adi kA astitva mAnate haiM, AcAramImAMsA ke saMdarbha meM, parama puruSArtha 'mokSa' kI prApti meM 'kriyA' kI XI

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upayogitA ko spaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| kucha darzana mokSa-prApti meM 'jJAna' (AtmajJAna, padArthajJAna, Atma-anAtmaviveka Adi) ko kAraNa mAnate haiM, ve bhI cittazuddhi hetu 'kriyA' (nitya anuSTheya dhArmika kriyA Adi) kI upayogitA svIkArate haiN|28 vedAnta, nyAyavaizeSika, pUrvamImAMsA Adi darzanoM ne 'nitya kriyA' kI mokSa meM paramparayA upayogitA svIkAra kI hai| maMDana mizra (surezvarAcArya) Adi prAcIna vedAntI va mImAMsaka dArzanika 'jJAna-karmasamuccaya' (jJAna vaM karma kI sahapradhAnatA) kA samarthana karate haiM to A. zaMkara isakA pUrNataH nirAkaraNa karate haiN| unake mata meM mokSa 'kriyAniSpAdya' nahIM hai|29 A. bhartRprapaMca Adi bhedAbhedavAdI vedAntI 'karma-jJAnasamasamuccaya' kA samarthana karate haiN| yogadarzana meM to 'kriyAyoga' ko mokSa-sAdhaka (samAdhi-bhAvanA meM tathA klezakRzatA meM sahAyaka) mAnA gayA hai| isa kriyAyoga meM tapa, svAdhyAya va IzvarapraNidhAna (iSTa deva-dhyAnAdi) ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| gItA kA niSkAma karmayoga prasiddha hai hI, jo phalAsakti Adi rahita kriyA kI kartavyatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| isa prakAra mokSa prApti ke sAdhanoM meM kriyA' kA nirUpaNa prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM hai| kSaNikavAdI va nairAtmyavAdI bauddha darzana bhI sAdhaka ke lie 'aSTAMgika mArga' yA 'madhyamapratipadA' ke rUpa meM paMcazIla, samAdhi va prajJA- ina vividha AcaraNIya kriyAoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| isake atirikta, 'kriyA' ko svataMtra padArtha ke rUpa meM bhI mAnyatA prApta huI hai| udAharaNArtha- pramukhataH nyAya-vaizaSika darzana meM kriyA (karma) ko eka svataMtra padArtha ke rUpa meM nirUpita kara isake vividha bhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura kina-kina mUrta dravyoM meM isakA sadbhAva hai- isakA bhI nirUpaNa hai| itanA hI nahIM, ghar3e ko pakAye jAne para ghar3e ke lAla hone kI prakriyA jo hotI hai, usako lekara do pRthak-pRthak siddhAnta nirUpita hue haiN| nyAyadarzana piTharapAkavAda kA samarthaka hai aura yaha mAnatA hai ki sampUrNa ghar3e kA pUrva varNa naSTa hokara pUre ghar3e meM hI lAla varNa utpanna hotA hai, jaba ki vaizeSika darzana meM pIlupAkavAda kA samarthana huA hai jisake anusAra (pIlu=) paramANuoM meM hI navIna rUpa utpanna hotA hai aura kramaza: ghar3A navIna lAla varNa prApta karatA hai| jo darzana dravyoM/padArthoM /tattvoM kA vargIkaraNa karate haiM, ve yaha nirUpaNa bhI karate haiM ki amuka tattva niSkriya' yA sakriya hai, yA kauna-kauna se tattva sakriya haiM aura kauna XII

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se nisskriy| ve isa saMdarbha meM 'kriyA' kA artha bhI sthUla yA sUkSma do prakAra se karate haiN| kriyA yAnI gati ( dezAntara - prApikA) yaha kriyA kA sthUla artha hai, kintu tattva meM antarnihita parivartanazIlatA - yaha usakA sUkSma va vyApaka artha hai| udAharaNArtha- sAMkhya darzana meM sAmAnyataH prakRti 'niSkriya' mAnI gaI hai| 30 kintu triguNAtmaka prakRti meM kSobharUpa pariNamana kriyA kA sadbhAva bhI mAnA gayA hai| 1 jaina darzana meM bhI jIva va pudgala ko gatizIla mAnakara 'sakriya' aura anya ko niSkriya mAnA gayA hai, vahAM bhI kriyA kA artha gatizIlatA hai| kintu utpAdavyaya dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana rUpa kriyA ke AdhAra para samasta dravya 'sakriya' hI haiN| 32 isake atirikta, sRSTi kI kriyA, pralaya kI kriyA Adi kA vivecana bhI (sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika, aupaniSadika Adi) darzanoM meM vividha rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya dArzanika vicAradhArA meM 'kriyA' eka mahattvapUrNa vicAraNIya viSaya rahA hai| yahAM yaha bhI ullekha karanA ucita hogA ki jaina sAhitya evaM dharma-darzana meM 'kriyA' kA jo vistArapUrvaka va sUkSma nirUpaNa huA hai, anya darzanoM se viziSTa evaM maulika hai| vaha jaina sAhitya meM 'kriyA' kA bahuAyAmI rUpa sarvaprathama yaha nirdeza karanA ucita hai ki 'kriyAvAda' bhAratIya Astika vicAradhArA kA eka vizeSa mAnadaNDa hai| 'kriyAvAda' kA samarthaka AtmA, paraloka, karmavAda va punarjanma Adi kA samarthaka hogA hii| 33 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM aneka mata-matAntaroM meM kriyAvAdI (180 bheda), akriyAvAdI (84 bheda), ucchedavAda Adi mata prasiddha the| kriyAvAda va akriyAvAda kA nirUpaNa dhavalA, gommaTasAra Adi granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| 34 (samyak ) kriyAvAda ina saba meM jaina mAnyatA ke adhika anukUla thA ( bazarte vaha jJAnavAda Adi se aviruddha ho ) / kriyA se kartA (AtmA) ke astitva kI puSTi AdhyAtmika mArga para calane ke lie eka pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karatI hai| 35 ataH (jJAnAvAdAdisApekSa) 'kriyAvAda' jaina dArzanika vicAradhArA meM pUrNata: upAdeya rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jaina saMgha meM 'kriyA' ko kendrabindu rakhakara aneka mahattvapUrNa matabheda bhI sAmane aae| unameM eka thA jamAlI-nirUpita bahuratavAda jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 'kriyamANa kRta' ke viruddha yA AkSepa rUpa thaa| 36 'kriyamANakRta' ke anusAra jo kiyA jA rahA hai, use kiyA huA mAnA jAtA hai| arthAt kArya prArambha ho jAne para, , bhale XIII

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hI vaha kArya pUrNatA ko, sampannatA ko prApta na bhI huA ho, cUMki vaha AMzikarUpa se ho cukA hai, hotA jA rahA (kriyamANa) hai, vaha 'kRta' kahA jAtA hai| yaha nirUpaNa 'nizcaya naya' (yA RjusUtranaya) ke anusAra mAnA jAtA hai| isa naya meM kriyAkAla va niSThAkAla abhinna hote haiN| isI taraha ajitakezakambalI dvArA pravartita 'ucchedavAda' ke anusAra dAna Adi satkriyAeM niSphala, nissAra haiM kyoMki mRtyu ke bAda saba ucchinna ho jAtA hai| isI saMdarbha meM azvamitra kA sAmucchedikavAda' bhI ullekhanIya hai, jisake anusAra, utpattikriyA ke turanta bAda vastu naSTa ho jAtI hai| AcArya pUraNakAzyapa ke akriyAvAda ke anusAra kisI bhI kriyA se karmabandha Adi nahIM hotaa| isI krama meM A. gaMga kA 'dvaikriyavAda' thA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 'eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga pariNati-kriyA' kI mAnyatA ke viparIta thaa| jaina darzana meM nayavAda, anekAntavAda va syAvAda ko viziSTa sthAna prApta hai- yaha darzana kA vidyArthI jAnatA hai| ina nayoM meM jJAnanaya va kriyAnaya kA viziSTa nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| samayasAra ke TIkAkAra AcArya amRtacandra ne ekAnta jJAnanaya va ekAnta kriyAnaya kA nirAkaraNa kara ina donoM kI paraspara apekSA yA maitrI sthApita kara, jJAna va kriyA-donoM ko mahattva dete hue sAdhanA karane kI preraNA dI hai|37 isI saMdarbha meM kriyAruci (samyaktva) kA nirdeza bhI prAsaMgika hai| jJAna, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, samiti-gupti ke pAlana meM jisakI bhAvapUrvaka ruci ho, vaha 'kriyAruci' hai|38 nayoM meM evambhUtanaya' ke anusAra samasta vastu 'kriyAtmaka' hai|39 ___ kucha sthaloM meM kriyA' zabda 'jIvAjIvAdi padArtha-jJAna evaM chanda, alaMkAra Adi ke vAcaka rUpa meM bhI prayukta huA hai| samasta kalAoM (puruSoM kI 72 kalAoM, striyoM kI 64 kalAoM) tathA kAvya-kalA Adi kA bhI yaha zabda vAcaka hai aura 'kriyAvizAla' nAmaka 'pUrva' meM inakA nirUpaNa thA- aisI mAnyatA hai|41 jaina darzana aura artha kriyA 'arthakriyA' eka dArzanika pAribhASika zabda hai| isake sambandha meM bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne sUkSma va maulika vicAraNA prastuta kI hai jisakA sAra yahAM prastuta karanA prAsaMgika hogaa| sAmAnyata: 'kriyA' ko ceSTA kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai| kahA bhI hai

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AtmajanyA bhavedicchA, icchAjanyA bhavet kRtiH| kRtijanyA bhavet ceSTA, kriyA saiva nigdyte|| tAtparya yaha hai ki mana meM uThane vAle mAnasika bhAva icchA-kRti-ceSTA-isa krama meM kriyA kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| kRti kA artha hai karane kA saMkalpa, yA ceSTA kA praarmbh| para, yaha to huI cetana padArtha kI baat| acetana padArtha meM bhI cetana kI ceSTA yA kriyA se kucha pariNatiyAM sambhava hotI haiM, jinheM prayatnajanita padArtha kriyA kahA jAtA hai| sthala rUpa se arthakriyA kA artha hai vyAvahArika upayogitA kI dRSTi se padArtha kA kriyAnvita honaa| cetana vyaktiyoM kA sakriya hokara vyavahAra meM kisI na kisI ke lie upayogI bananA sarvavidita hai| bhautika padArthoM meM bhI arthakriyA dvArA upayogI hone kI prakriyA ko pratidina anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jaise, miTTI se ghar3e kA nirmANa karate haiM, ghar3e se pAnI lAne va bharane Adi kA kAma lete haiN| rUI se dhAgoM kA nirmANa kara, dhAgoM ko vastra kA AkAra dete haiM aura vastra ko pahanane-or3hane evaM zIta-nivAraNa Adi ke kAma meM lete haiN| sone se vividha AbhUSaNa banAte haiM aura unheM vibhinna aMgoM para dhAraNa karate haiN| A. hemacandra ke zabdoM meM padArtha kA vividha pariNatiyoM ke mAdhyama se kriyAnvita honA. athavA arthakriyA-upayukta honA usakI 'arthakriyA' hai: "arthakriyA arthasya hAnopAdAnAdilakSaNasya kriyA niSpattiH" (pramANamImAMsA, 1/31) / jaina darzana meM svata: yA kisI anya ke nimitta se hone vAlI pariNati jo eka deza se dUsare deza meM sthAnAntarita hone meM kAraNa hotI hai 'kriyA' mAnI gaI hai|42 yaha kriyA jIva va pudgaloM meM hotI hai, ata: ye donoM hI sakriya' mAne gae haiN|43 jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM 'artha' se tAtparya 'kArya' padArtha se hai, usameM hone vAlI kriyA arthAt kArya ke rUpa meM hone vAlI niSpatti-rUpa kriyA 'arthakriyA' hai| isake atirikta, AtmA kA jo caitanya dharma yA svabhAva hai jo mana-vacana-kAya kI ceSTA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai vaha bhI kriyA rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| 4 puNya-pApa karmoM ke nimitta se prAdurbhUta sukha-duHkhAdi kI anubhUti-yaha cetana jIva kI arthakriyA hai|45 ___ 'arthakriyA' ko eka vyApaka artha meM lete hue jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jJAna va jar3a donoM kI kriyA 'arthakriyA meM antarbhUta hai| saMkSepa meM cetana va acetana donoM kI kriyA ko 'arthakriyA' kahA jA sakatA hai|46 arthakriyA meM eka vastu dvArA 'svayaM meM kiye jAne vAlI vividha kriyAeM' to antarbhUta haiM hI, kisI anya meM bhI prAdurbhUta XV

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kI jAne vAlI kriyAeM bhI usa dravya kI mAnI jAtI haiN| jaise eka nartakI bhU-bhaMga, akSinikSepa Adi jo kriyAeM karatI hai, ve usakI 'arthakriyA' haiM, sAtha hI nartakI ke nRtya ko dekhakara prekSakoM kA bhAvavibhora-ho jAnA yA unakA vividha manobhAvoM se yukta honA, vaha bhI nartakI kI arthakriyA kahI jaaegii| isa dRSTi se vastu kA jJAna, usakA anubhUti-viSaya bananA, prayojanAnusAra vividha pariNatiyoM se yukta honA Adi sabhI sthitiyAM arthakriyA meM antarbhUta haiN| AcArya vidyAnanda ne zlokavArtika meM grAhya-grAhaka bhAva se yukta honA, vAcyavAcakatA yA kAryakAraNarUpatA prApta karanA Adi ko bhI 'arthakriyA' ke rUpa meM svIkArA arthakriyAkAritva samasta dravyoM meM : jaina AcAryoM ne arthakriyA yA arthakriyAkAritA ko vyApaka AyAma dete hue ise sarvadravyagata siddha kiyA hai| na kevala jIva va pudgala, apitu dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla meM bhI arthakriyA hotI hI hai. aura yadi na ho to vaha vastu 'sat' yA astitvayukta hI nahIM ho sakatI aisA jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai| ___ arthakriyA ko sUkSmatayA vyAkhyAyita karane vAle jaina dArzanikoM va naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi ko spaSTa kareM to "apane maulika astitva, sArthakatA va upayogitA ko nirantara banAye rakhate hue, deza-kAlAnurUpa sadRza yA visadRza, sUkSma yA sthUla pariNatiyoM rUpAntaraNoM ke mAdhyama se kriyAnvita honA padArtha kI arthakriyA' hai aura usa kriyA se sampanna hote rahane kI sahaja yogyatA hI 'arthakriyAkAritA' hai| sattA va arthakriyA kA tAdAtmyaH pratyeka vastu meM tadAtmabhUta 'vastutva' guNa hotA hai| jisake kAraNa usa vastu yA dravya meM arthakriyAkAritva saMgata hotA hai, usa vastu kI prayojanabhUta kriyA saMbhava hotI hai| paramArthataH dravya kI sattA aura arthakriyA ye donoM paraspara anusyUta haiN| ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai: pratyeka sadbhUta vastu meM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka (trilakSaNAtmaka) pariNAma' pravartamAna rahatA hai aura satpadArthagata yahI pariNati-pravAha arthakriyA hai yA arthakriyA kA AdhAra hai|50 XVI

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tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu meM pUrva AkAra kA tyAga tathA uttaravartI AkAra kA grahaNa -isa prakAra pariNAma jo nirantara pravartamAna rahatA hai, vahI 'arthakriyAkAritA' hai, yA una pariNAmoM para hI arthakriyA kI upapatti sambhava ho pAtI hai| vastutaH sattA aura arthakriyA kA zAzvata ghaniSTha sambandha hai|1 vastu meM ukta trilakSaNAtmakatA na mAnI jAya to arthakriyA nahIM ho sktii|52 dUsarI tarapha, jahAM arthakriyA nahIM, vahAM 'sattA' bhI nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo arthakriyAkArI hai, vahI paramArthataH 'sad' yA dravya hai|53 isa dRSTi se vastu kA lakSaNa 'arthakriyAkAritva' kiyA jAnA bhI jaina dArzanikoM ko abhISTa rahA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla meM bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka rUpa trilakSaNa sattA ke AdhAra para sva-parapratyaya utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNati ke rUpa meM arthakriyAkAritva' kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|54 saMkSepa meM ukta arthakriyA sakriya, niSkriya, mUrta, amUrta Adi samasta astitvayukta padArthoM meM anAdi-nidhana rUpa se, sUkSmatama niravacchinna Antarika pariNati-paramparAoM ke rUpa se pravartamAna rahatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha arthakriyA padArthamAtra ke astitva yA sattA kA avinAbhUta aMga hai| anekAntAtmakatA aura arthakriyA : utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyayukta pratyeka vastu ko nirUpaNa karane ke lie do pramukha dRSTiyAM haiM (1) dravyArthika, aura (2) paryAyArthikanayA55 dravyArthika naya 'dravya' (dhruvatva) ko pramukhatA dekara vastu kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, ataH usake anusAra vastu 'syAt nitya' hai| paryAyArthika naya 'paryAya' ko pramukhatA dekara vastu kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, ata: usake anusAra vastu 'syAt anitya' hai| ata: vastu kA samagra rUpa 'syAt nityAnityAtmaka' pratipAdita hotA hai| isa anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ko svIkAra karane para hI 'arthakriyA' kI upapatti yA saMgati ho pAtI hai, anyathA nhiiN|56 ekAnta kSaNika yA ekAnta nitya, donoM svarUpoM meM arthakriyA kI saMgati nahIM ho pAtI, ata: usakA vastutva yA astitva hI asaMgata ho jAtA hai| astitva-vastutva aura arthakriyAkAritva ye eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| ___ ekAnta kSaNika vastu eka kSaNa taka hI ThaharatI hai, ata: usa meM, usI deza meM aura kSaNAntara kAla meM naSTa bhI ho jAtI hai| isa taraha usa vastu meM dezakRta va kAlakRta arthakriyA sambhava nahIM ho sktiiN| niraMza hone se usameM eka sAtha aneka svabhAva bhI nahIM raha sakate, isalie eka hI kSaNa meM eka sAtha aneka kArya sambhava nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki eka svabhAva se to eka kArya hI ho paaegaa|57 XVII

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isI taraha, ekAnta nitya vastu meM bhI arthakriyA asambhava hai| nitya vastu to sarvadA ekarUpa rahatI hai, usameM krama se arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki vaisA mAnane para usakI ekarUpatA yA nityatA ke khaNDita hone kA prasaMga hogaa| yadi vaha eka hI samaya meM sabhI kAryoM ko eka sAtha utpanna kare to kAryoM meM bheda nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki kAraNa-bheda se hI kArya-bheda sambhava hotA hai| akrama se, yugapat (eka sAtha) arthakriyA honA mAnA jAya to dUsare kSaNoM meM vaha vastu akiJcitkara (arthakriyAhIna) ho jaaegii|58 isa taraha, ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya, donoM hI vastuoM meM arthakriyA kI saMgati na hone se usa vastu kA vastutva hI khaNDita ho jaaegaa| bauddhoM ne jo kSaNika paramANuoM kI sthiti mAnI hai, usakA khaNDana jaina granthoM meM vizeSataH arthakriyA-asaMgati ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| kSaNika paramANuoM meM parasparasambaddhatA na mAnI jAya to kisI 'dhruva' tattva ke na hone se ghaTAdi dvArA jala-AharaNa yA dhAgoM se vastra-nirmANa Adi kI arthakriyAeM nahIM ho paaeNgiiN|00 __arthakriyA aura vartanA Adi : jaina dArzanikoM ne kriyA, pariNAma (bhAva) va vartanA-isameM kucha antara va sAmya mAnA hai| arthakriyA ke prasaMga meM inakA spaSTIkaraNa bhI apekSita hai| utpAdavyaya dhrauvyAtmakatA pratyeka dravya kA avinAbhUta svabhAva hai|61 vartanA va kriyA bhI usa pariNAma' meM hI antarbhUta haiN| kintu kisI svarUpa-vizeSa ko pramukhatA dene yA adhika spaSTatA dene kI dRSTi se 'pariNAma', 'vartanA' va 'kriyA' inheM pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| apanI mUla sattA ko nahIM chor3ate hue pUrva paryAya kI nivRttipUrvaka navIna paryAya kA prAdurbhAva rUpa jo vikAra hai, vaha cAhe svAbhAvika ho yA prAyogika (paranimittaka), use 'pariNAma' kahA gayA hai|62 __pratyeka dravya jisa svabhAvarUpa se apanI sattA-pravAha ko banAye rakhatA hai, yA dravya kI apanI maryAdA ke bhItara usameM pratisamaya jo paryAya hotA hai, use bhAva, tattva yA pariNAma kahA jAtA hai|63 jIva meM krodha Adi, aura pudgala meM varNAdi vikAra usake pariNAma haiN| dharma Adi dravyoM meM bhI 'agurulaghuguNa' kI vRddhi-hAni se pratikSaNa pariNamana hotA hai|64 ___ aba 'vartanA' ke svarUpa para vicAra kreN| hara eka dravya-paryAya meM jo hara samaya svasattA-anubhavana hotA hai, use vartanA' kahA jAtA hai, arthAt eka avibhAgI samaya meM XVIII

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jo chaha dravya svataH hI apanI sAdi aura anAdi paryAyoM se jo utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyarUpa haiM barta rahe haiM, astitva banAye rahate haiM, usa vartana ko hI 'vartanA' kahA jAtA hai| 65 vartanA va pariNAma meM sUkSma antara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahAM dravya - paryAyeM 'pariNAma' haiM, " vahAM una sUkSma paryAyoM meM hone vAlA sadrUpa pariNamana 'vartanA' hai| 67 paM. rAjamalla jI ke zabdoM meM dravyoM meM unake apane rUpa se hone vAle 'satpariNamana' kA nAma 'vartanA' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jIvAdi chahoM dravyoM kA astitva rUpa (utpAdavyaya dhrauvyAtmaka) jo svAtmapariNamana hai, vaha 'vartanA' hai| isa vartanA meM upAdAna kAraNa to tattad dravya hai aura udAsIna, apreraka, niSkriya kAraNa 'kAla' dravya hai| 68 'kriyA' bhI pariNAma, bhAva yA sattA kA hI eka rUpa hai| 69 dravya kA parispandAtmaka pariNamana usakI 'kriyA' hai, jaba ki aparispandAtmaka (paryAya) mAtra 'pariNAma' haiN| 70 pradeza- calanAtmaka yogyatA kA nAma 'kriyA' hai aura pariNamanazIla yogyatA kA nAma 'bhAva' yA 'pariNAma' hai| kintu parispandAtmaka pariNamana mAtra jIva va pudgala ina donoM meM hI hotA hai| ata: kriyArUpa yogyatA jIva va pudgala ina doMnoM meM hI mAnI gaI hai| 71 jIva va pudgala meM bhAva rUpa yogyatA tathA kriyArUpa yogyatA donoM haiM, kintu dharma, adharma Adi dravyoM meM mAtra pariNamanazIla yogyatA hI hai| 72 dravyoM ke niSkriya va sakriya ina vibhAgoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM vicAra karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne dezAntara - prApti kA hetubhUta jo paryAya / pariNamana hai, use kriyA kahA hai| 73 ukta parispandAtmaka kriyA dharma va adharma meM nahIM hai, isalie unheM niSkriya mAnA gayA hai| vAstava meM pariNAma-lakSaNa kriyA to dharma-adharma Adi dravyoM meM bhI rahatI hai| 74 AcArya vidyAnanda ke mata meM 'pariNAma' bhI kriyArUpa hI hai- 'pariNAmalakSaNayA kriyA' 175 ata: isa dRSTi se dharma, adharma hI nahIM, apitu koI bhI dravya aisA nahIM hai jo kriyArahita ho, kyoMki pariNamana sabhI dravyoM kA svabhAvabhUta dharma hai (sarvasya vastunaH prinnaamitvaat")| vastu meM pratikSaNa utpAda Adi kriyA yadi na ho to vastu kA vastutva hI nirasta ho jaaegaa| A. vidyAnanda ke zabdoM meM "bhale hI dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla-ina niSkriya dravyoM meM parispanda-lakSaNa kriyA na ho, tathApi pratikSaNa utpAda Adi 'pariNatirUpa kriyA' to hotI hai, anyathA unake astitva ko hI nakAranA hogaa| ityapAstaM parispanda- kriyAyAH pratiSedhanAt / utpAdAdikriyAsiddheH, anyathA sattvahAnitaH / / 77 XIX

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loka kA aisA koI bhI padArtha nahIM hai jisakA astitva to ho kintu utpAdavyaya-dhrauvya rUpa pariNati rUpa kriyA se rahita ho, yadi yaha pariNati-kriyA na ho to vastu kA vastutva hI saMgata nahIM ho paaegaa| pariNatirUpa kriyA se yukta hone ke kAraNa, vastutaH pratyeka dravya sakriya hai, 78 aura paryAyArthika naya se pratyeka dravya nisskriy| 79 agurulaghuguNakRta arthakriyA: pratyeka padArtha meM nihita 'agurulaghu' guNa va avibhAga guNAMzoM meM pratisamaya hone vAlI SaDvidha hAni - vRddhi kA nirUpaNa bhI yahAM prAsaMgika hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza Adi amUrta va niSkriya dravyoM meM bhI svapratyayayA parapratyaya utpAda-vyaya kaise sambhava haiM - isa prasaMga meM jaina AcAryoM ne agurulaghuguNa kI carcA kI hai| isa guNa kI SaTsthAnapatita hAni-vRddhi ke kAraNa sabhI dravyoM meM svapratyayautpAda - vyaya (pariNamana) pratikSaNa pravartamAna rahate haiN| 80 pratyeka padArtha meM ananta guNa hote haiM jinameM pratyeka ananta - ananta avibhAgI guNoM se yukta hotA hai| ina guNAMzoM ke AdhAra para dravya meM choTApana, bar3Apana Adi vibhAga sambhava ho pAte haiN| ina guNAMzoM ko avibhAgI praticcheda bhI kahA jAtA hai| dravya ke ananta guNoM meM astitva, dravyatva, vastutva, agurulaghutva, prameyatva, pradezatva ye chaH sAmAnya guNa haiN| jisa zakti ke nimitta se eka dravya dUsare dravya rUpa meM nahIM badalatA yA eka zakti dUsarI zaktirUpa meM nahIM badalatI, vaha 'agurulaghu' guNa hai| isa guNa ke avibhAgI praticchedoM ke chaH prakAroM se kama hone aura baDhane ko chaH gunI hAni - vRddhi kahA jAtA hai| anantabhAgavRddhi, asaMkhyAta bhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAta guNavRddhi, asaMkhyAta guNavRddhi aura anantaguNavRddhi ye cha: vRddhiyAM haiN| anantabhAgahAni, asaMkhyAta bhAgahAni, saMkhyAta bhAgahAni, saMkhyAta guNahAni, asaMkhyAta guNahAni aura ananta guNa hAni ye cha: hAniyAM haiN| donoM milakara 'SaTsthAnapatita hAnivRddhi' kahalAtI haiN| 81 dharma Adi dravyoM meM apane-apane agurulaghu guNa ke pariNamana se svapratyaya utpAda va vyaya hotA rahatA hai| jaba kisI dUsare ke nimitta se jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma Adi eka pradeza ko chor3a kara dUsare pradeza ke sAtha sambaddha hote haiM, taba dharma, adharma Adi meM parapratyaya utpAda va vyaya kA honA mAnA jAtA hai| agurulaghu guNa kA pUrva avasthA kA tyAga hone para vyaya, uttara avasthA kI utpatti hone para utpAda mAnA jAtA hai| sabhI sthitiyoM meM maulika svarUpa jo banA rahatA hai, vaha 'dhrauvya' hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki arthakriyA kA jo sUkSma, vyApaka evaM vaijJAnika vivecana jaisA jaina granthoM meM milatA hai, vaisA anya darzanoM meM prApta nahIM hotA aura XX

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isameM sandeha nahIM ki ukta vivecana pUrNata: maulika va gambhIra hai| anta meM, maiM isa viSaya para navInatama zodhakArya kA ullekha karanA caahuuNgaa| 'kriyA' se sambandhita uparyukta dArzanika va vaijJAnika vicAraNAoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM, zraddhayA sAdhvIzrI gaveSaNAzrI jI dvArA 'kriyA kA dArzanika aura vaijJAnika anuzIlana' zIrSaka prastuta kiyA gayA thA jisa para jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya), lADanUM (rAja.) kI ora se pI-eca. DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI jA cukI hai| yaha prakAzita bhI ho rahA hai| ata: jaina vidyA ke saMdarbha meM kriyA-viSayaka vistRta vivaraNa isameM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ata: jaina darzana se sambandhita kriyA ke vivecana ko maiMne isa nibandha meM pUrNatayA saMkSipta hI rakhA hai| prasaMgavaza pAThakoM ke lAbhArtha isa zodhaprabandha kA saMkSipta paricaya denA cAhatA huuN| samasta zodhaprabandha ko ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM (1) kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi (2) kriyA ke prakAra aura AcArazAstrIya svarUpa (3) kriyA aura karma-siddhAnta (4) kriyA aura punarjanma (5) kriyA aura antakriyA (6) kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAnta (7) kriyA aura zarIravijJAna (8) kriyA aura manovijJAna isa grantha meM pUjya sAdhvIzrI jI ne viSaya se sambaddha sabhI sambhAvita pakSoM ko spaSTa karane hetu, jaina AgamoM evaM dArzanika granthoM meM yatra-tatra vikIrNa kriyAviSayaka sAmagrI ko ekatrita kara eka vyApaka va sarvAMgINa nirUpaNa tathA sundara va saMgata vivecana-vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| pAramparika jaina dArzanika vicAradhArA ke sAtha-sAtha, Adhunika vijJAna (zarIravijJAna, manovijJAna, rasAyana va bhautika vijJAna) meM svIkRta mAnyatAoM va niSkarSoM ke pariprekSya meM samasta viSaya ke sarvAMgINa vivecana karane meM pUjya sAdhvIzrI jI pUrNa saphala rahI haiM- yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI isa grantha kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM sampradAya-vizeSa ke granthoM ko nahIM, apitu udAra dRSTi se digambara, zvetAmbara Adi sabhI sampradAyoM ke dRSTikoNoM ko samAhita karane kA saphala prayAsa huA hai| XXI

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3. sandarbha grantha : 1. iha yat kriyate karma, ttprtropsRjyte| karmabhUmiriyaM brahman phalabhUmirasau mtaa|| (mahAbhArata- 3/261/35) gAyanti devAH kila gItikAni, dhanyAstu te bhaartbhuubhibhaage| svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte bhavanti bhUyaH puruSAH surtvaat|| (viSNupurANa, 2/3/24) aho amISAM kimakAri zobhanaM prasanna eSAM sviduta svayaM hriH| yairjanma labdhaM nRSu bhAratAjire, mukundasevaupayikaM spRhA hi nH|| (bhAgavata, 5/19/2) tulanA- dullahe khalu mANuse bhave (uttarA. 10/4) / kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| (IzopaniSad- 2, yajurveda 40/2) 4. AmnAyasya kriyArthatvAt (mImAMsAsUtra- 1/21) / 5. na hi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tisstthtykrmkRt| (gItA- 3/5) zarIrayAtrA'pi ca te, na prsiddhyedkrmnnH| (gItA-3/8) 6. kirAtArjunIya kAvya (bhAravi) 7. anirdiSTaphalaM sarvaM na prekssaapuurvkaaribhiH| zAstramAdriyate, tena vAcyamagre pryojnm|| (prameyakamalamArtaNDa, prArambha-prakaraNa) 8. na cArthakriyAbhedo'pi bhedamutpAdayati, ekasyApi nAnArthakriyAdarzanAt, yathaika eva vanhiH dAhakaH, pAcakaH prakAzakazceti (sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kA. 9) / 9. mahAbhArata, 12/75/29 10. karmaiva gururIzvaraH (bhAgavata purANa, 10/24/17) / tulanA: kammasaccA hu pANiNo (uttarA. 7/20) / 11. yaH kriyAvAn sa paNDitaH (mahAbhArata, 3/313/110) / na ca kriyAbhirna tapobhirugraiH (giitaa-11/48)| AtmakrIDa: AtmaratiH kriyAvAn (muMDaka upnissd-3/1/4)| 12. saMsaraNaM saMsAra: parivartanamityarthaH (sarvArthasiddhi, 2/10) / saMsaranti anena catasRSu gatiSu iti saMsAra: (dhvlaa-13/5,4,17/44)| gacchati saMsarati iti jagat (kosh)| sthitijanananirodhalakSaNaM caramacaraM ca jagat pratikSaNam (svayaMbhUstotra- 114) / evaM jaM saMsaraNaM NANAdehesu hodi jiivss| so saMsAro bhaNNadi micchakasAehiM juttss| (svAmI kArtikeya-kRta dvAdazAnuprekSA, 32-33) / 13. (ka) AtmanaM rathinaM viddhi, zarIraM rathameva tu (kaThopa. 3/3) / (kha) uttarAdhyayana- 23/73 (sarIramAhu naavtti)| 14. ahaM mametyasadgrahaH karoti kumtirmtim| tadarthaM kurute karma yabaddho yAti sNsRtim|| (bhAgavata- 3/31/30-31) / 15. arthe tyavidyamAne'pi saMsRtirna nivrtte| manasA liMgarUpeNa svapne vicarato yathA (bhAgavata- 4/29/35) // XXII

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16. saMsAracakra etasmin jnturjnyaanmohitH| bhrAmyan sukhaM ca duHkhaMca, bhuMkte sarvatra sarvadA (bhAgavata- 6/17/18) / 17. sthUlAni sUkSmANi bahUni caiva, rUpANi dehI svgunnairvRnnoti| kriyAguNairAtmaguNaizca (zvetAzvataropa. 5/12) / jahA ya tinni mUlaM dhettUNa niggyaa| egottha lahaI lAhaM ego mUleNa aago|| ego mUlaM pi hArittA Agao tattha vaannio| vavahAre uvamA esA evaM dhamme viyaannh|| mANusattaM bhave mUlaM lAbho devagaI bhve| mUlaccheeNa jIvANaM naragatirikkhattaNaM dhuvN| duhao gaI bAlassa AvaI vhmuuliyaa| devattaM mANusattaM ca jaM jie lolyaasddhe|| tao jie saI hoi duvihaM doggaiM ge| dullahA tassa ummajjA addhAe suiraadvi|| (uttarAdhyayana- 7/14-181) 19. uttarAdhyayana-7/11-13 20. uttarAdhyayana- 14/47, sUtrakRtAMga- 1/12/14 21. jamAhu ohaM salilaM apAragaM jANAhi NaM bhavagahaNaM dumokkhN| jaMsI visaNNA visayaMgaNAhiM duhatto vi lokaM aNusaMcaraMti (sUtrakRtAMga- 1/12/14) / jammaNamaraNapuNabbha-vamaNaMtabhavasAyare bhIme (mUlAcAra- 7/5) / evaM suTTa asAre saMsAre dukkhasAyare ghore| kiM kattha vi asthi suhaM viyAramANaMsuNiccayado (svA. kA. dvAdazAnuprekSA -62) / uttarAdhyayana- 19/16 22. dra. rAjavArtika- 9/7, sarvArthasiddhi- 2/10, aadi| 23. svA. kA. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 68 24. (ka) yathAkArI yathAcArI tathA bhavati, sAdhukArI sAdhurbhavati, pApakArI pApo bhavati, puNyaH puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApa: pApena (bRhadAraNyakopa. 4/4/5) / kaThopa. 2/5/7, (kha) pAvehi peccA gacchei doggati (isibhAsiya, 33/6) / uttarAdhyayana-4/3,13/ 24,33/1,10/15 (evaM bhavasaMsAre saMsarai suhAsuhehi kmmehi| jIvo pmaadbhulo)| suciNNA kammA suciNNaphalA bhvNti| duciNNA kammA duciNNaphalA bhavaMti (aupapAtika, 56) / dra. sUtrakRtAMga- 1/2 (3) 18, 1/2 (1)4, 1/7/11 25. (ka) bhAgavata- 3/31/30-31, 6/17/18 (kha) dazAzruta- 5/14 (evaM kammA Na rohaMti, mohaNije khayaM ge)| saMsAramUlahetuSu micchattaM (bhagavatI ArAdhanA- 724) / saMsAraaDavIe micchattannANamohiapahAe (Avazyakaniyukti- 909) / XXIII

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26. (ka) puNyapApe vidhUya, niraMjanaH paramaM sAmyamupeti (muMDakopa. 3/3) / kRtakarmanAza: karmakSaye bhAti sa tattvato'nyaH (zvetAzvataropa. 6/4) / (kha) Nijjariyasavvakammo...pAvadi sukkhamaNaMtaM (mUlAcAra- 749) / ___ kammaM khavittANaM siddhiM gacchai nIrao (dazavaikAlika- 4/24) / 27. (ka) zvetAzvatara upa. 6/7-8, 11,16,19 (kha) uttarAdhyayana- 29/1, 36/66-67, savvaNhU savvaloyadarasI ya (mokSaprAbhRta- 35) / kevalaNANuvattA jANaMtI svvbhaavgunnbhaave| - - pAsaMti savvao khalu kevaladiThThIhiM NaMtAhiM (aupapAtika- 195/12) / NaTTakammadeho loyAloyassa jANao daTThA (dravyasaMgraha- 51) / paramAtmA sakalaviSayaviSayAtmA (puruSArthasiddhyupAya- 223-24) / 28. tulanA : jaina mata (jaNNANavasaM kiriyA mokkhaNimittaM paraMparayA kundakundakRtadvAdazA nuprekSA, 57) / 29. kriyAniSpAdyasya tu mokSasya anityatvaM prasaJjayati (amalAnanda-kRta vedAnta kalpataru, 1/1/4) / akriyArthatve'pi brahmasvarUpavidhiparA: vedAntAH bhaviSyanti (bhaamtii,1/1/4)| 30. dra. sAMkhyakArikA, kA. 10, sakriya prispndvt| tathA hi buddhyAdayaH upAttamupAttaM dehaM parityajanti, dehAntaraM copAdadate iti teSAM parispandanam (sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kA. 10) / 31. prakRtikSobhAt sRSTizravaNena prakRterapi karmavattayA.... (sAMkhyasUtra 1/24 para pravacanabhASya) 32. pariNAmalakSaNayA tu kriyA sakriyau eva, anyathA vastutvavirodhAt (tttvaarthshlokvaartik-5/7)| dravyArthikaguNabhAve paryAyArthikaprAdhAnyAd sarve bhAvAH utpAdavyayadarzanAt sakriyA anityAzca (rAjavArtika-5/7/25)1 33. se AyAvAI, loyAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI (AyAro, 1/5) 34. dra. dhavalA-9/4,1, 45/203, 9/4, 1, 45, 207, 1/1, 1, 2/107, gommaTasAra, karmakANDa- 884-885, 877, tattvArtharAjavArtika- 1/20/12 35. tatra na kartAraM vinA kriyAsambhavaH iti tAmAtmasamavAyinIM vadanti, tacchIlAzca ye te kriyaavaadinH| te punarAtmAdi-astitvapratiprattilakSaNA: (nandI sUtra, haribhadrIyavRtti, pR. 100) / 36. dra. bhagavaI, 9/156-234, 'kriyamANa kRta' kA samarthana A. akalaMka-kRta rAjavArtika (1/33/7) meM prApta hotA hai| 37. ya upadezaH kriyAprAdhAnyakhyApanapara: sa nayo nAma kriyAnayaH ityarthaH (dazavaikAlika niyukti, haribhadrIyavRtti- 149 va 371, pR. 81 va 286) / XXIV

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magnA: karmanayAvalambanaparA: jJAnaM na jAnanti yat, magnA: jAnanayaiSiNo'pi ydtisvcchndmndodymaa:(aatmkhyaati-klsh-111)| jJAnakriyAnayaparasparatI vramaitrIpAtrIkRtaH zrayati bhUmimimAM sa ekaH (AtmakhyAti, kalaza- 267) / 38. uttarAdhyayana- 2/25, prajJApanA, gA. 128, pravacanasAroddhAra- 958, 39. zabdAbhidheyakriyApariNativelAyAmeva tadvastu' iti bhUtaH evambhUtaH (sanmatitarka, abhaya. vRtti, 3, pR. 314) / na hi kazcid akriyAzabdo'sya asti (tattvArtha-zlokavArtika, 4/1/33) / 40. jIvAditattve nayabhedavikalpitasvarUpe yA pratipattiH sA kriyA (anuyoga dvAra, cUlikA, pR. 86) / 41. lekhAdikA: kalA dvAsaptati: guNAH, catuHSaSTiH straiNAH, zilpAni-kAvya-guNadoSa kriyAchandovicitikriyA- kalopabhoktArazca yatra vyAkhyAtAH, tat kriyA-vizAlam (tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/20/12) / 42. ubhayanimittApekSayA paryAyavizeSo dravyasya dezAntara-prAptihetuH kriyA (ta. raajvaartik-5/7/1)| 43. bhAvavantau kriyAvantau dvAvetau jIvapudgalau (paMcAdhyAyI 2/25) / sAmarthyAt sakriyau jIvapudgalau iti nizcayaH (ta. zlokavArtika-5/7, zloka-2, pR. 45 zolApura sN.)| jIvapudgalAnAM svataH paratazca kriyApariNAmitvam siddham (ta. rAjavArtika- 5/7/6) / kriyA'nekaprakArA hi pudglaanaamivaatmnaam| svaparapratyayAyattabhedA (ta. zloka-vArtika5/7 para zloka 46-47, pR. 400) / caitanyamanubhUti: syAt sA kriyArUpameva c| kriyA manovaca:-kAyeSvanvitA vartate dhruvm|| (AlApa pddhti)| arthakriyA sukhaduHkha-upabhogaH (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 27, pR. 238) / sukha-duHkha- bhogau puNyapApa-nirvatyau, tannirvartanaM ca arthakriyA (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 27, pR. 236) / 46. arthasya=jJAnasya anyasya vA, kriyA karaNam (nyAyakumudacandra- 2/8, pR. 372) / 47. ekA'pi hi nartakI karaNa-aMgahAra-bhrUbhaya-akSivikSepAdi-lakSaNAm, prekSakajanAnAM harSaviSAdAdilakSaNAM vA anekAm anyonyavilakSaNAm arthakriyAM karoti iti (nyAyakumudacandra,2/kA. 7,pR. 362) / 48. grAhyagrAhakatA etena bAdhyabAdhakatA'pi vaa| kAryakAraNAptirvA (ta. zlokavArtika-kha/ 1 sUtra, pdy-148)| azeSagrAhyagrAhakatAdiarthakriyAnimittaM (ta. zlokavArtika- 1/1 sUtra, padya- 154 pr)| 49. dra. dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra, gAthA- 12 aadi| 50. pUrvAkAraparihArottarAkArasvIkAra-avasthAnasvarUpalakSaNapariNAmena vastUnAm arthakriyAkAritA (syAdvAdarahasya, pR. 9) / anuvRtta-vyAvRttapratyayagocaratvAt pUrvottarAkAraparihArAvApti-sthitilakSaNapariNAmena arthakriyA-upapattezca (parIkSAmukha XXV

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bhAvAnAm 4 / 2) / syAdvAde tu pUrvottarAkAraparihArasvIkAra-sthitilakSaNapariNAmena arthakriyA-upapattiH aviruddhA (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 5, pR. 26 ) 1 51. sattvam arthakriyAkAritvena vyAptam (nyAyavatAravArtika- vRtti, kA. 34, pR. 87 ) / astitvaM hi kila dravyasya svabhAva: ( pravacanasAra - 2 / 96 TIkA ) / arthakriyAkAritvasya bhAvalakSaNatvAt.....arthakriyA vyAvartamAnA svakroDIkRtAM sAM vyAvartayet (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 26, pR. 234 ) 1 52. trilakSaNAbhAvataH avastuni... arthakriyA abhAvAt (dhavalA-4/1/45, pR.-142)| pUrvAparasvabhAvatyAgopAdAnasthitilakSaNo hi pariNAmaH, na pUrvottarakSaNavinAzotpAdamAtraM sthitimAtraM vA pratItyabhAvAt / sa ca kramayaugapadya-yorvyApakatayA saMpratIyate ... te ca nivartamAne arthakriyAsAmAnyaM nivartayataH, tAbhyAM tasya vyApakatvAt (laghIyastraya - 2 / 8, pR. 4) / vastuno hi lakSaNam arthakriyAkAritvam (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 14, pR. 124 ) / yadeva arthakriyAkAri, tadeva paramArthasat (ta. zlokavArtika- 1 / 1 sUtra, zloka. 154) / 53. arthakriyAsamarthaM hi paramArthasat- aMgIkRtya (laghIyastraya-2/8, pR. 4) / vastuno hi lakSaNam arthakriyAkAritvam- (syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 14, pR. 124 ) / yadeva arthakriyAkAri, tadeva paramArthasat (ta. zlokavArtika- 1 / 1 sUtra, zloka 154) / na ca arthakriyArahitaM vastu sat, kharazrRMgavat, arthakriyAkAriNa eva vastunaH sattva-upapatteH ( tU. zlokavArtika - 5/ 31,1 435) 54. draSTavyaH rAjavArtika- 5/7/3, 5/39/2, ta. zlokavArtika 5 / 22, dharmAdInAM yenAtmanA bhavanaM sa pariNAma:... sa dvividha:, anAdiH AdimAMzca / ... dravyAthika - paryAyArthikanayadvayavivakSAvazAt sarveSu dharmAdidravyeSu sa ubhayaH prinnaamo'vseyH| ayaM tu vizeSa : dharmAdiSu caturSu dravyeSu atyantaparokSeSuanAdiH AdimAMzca pariNAmaH AgamagamyaH, jIvapudgaleSu kathaMcit pratyakSagamyo'pi (ta. rAjavArtika- 5/ 42/1-4)| 55. ta. rAjavArtika- 5/38/2, sanmatiprakaraNa-1 /2-3, 56. parIkSAmukha - 4 / 2, paMcAdhyAyI-1 /315-316, krameNa yugapad vA anekadharmAtmakasyaiva arthasya arthakriyAkAritvaM pratipattavyam (nyAyakumudacandra, 2 / kA. 8, pR. 374 ) / 57. prameyakamalamArtaNDa - 4 / 10, pR. 601, na ca kSaNikasya vastunaH krama-yaugapadyAbhyAm arthakriyAvirodhaH asiddhaH, tasya dezakRtasya kAlakRtasya vA kramasya asambhavAt / avasthitasya ekasya hi nAnAdezakAlakalA-vyApitvaM dezakramaH, kaalkrmshcaabhidhiiyte| na ca kSaNike so'sti (prameyaratnamAlA - 4 / 1 para, pR. 269 ) / syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 16, (pR. 156-158), kA. 5, (pR. 24-25), 58. na hi nityaikAnte pariNAmo'sti (ta. zlokavArtika- 5 / 22, pR. 416 mumbaI saM . ) / na hi nityasya krameNa yugapad vA sA sambhavati, nityasya ekenaiva svabhAvena pUrvAparakAlabhAvikAryadvayaM kurvataH kAryabhedakatvAt XXVI

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60. tasyaikasvabhAvatvAt, tathApi kAryanAnAtve anyatra kAryabhedAt kAraNabhedakalpanA viphalaiva syAt (prameyaratnamAlA,4/1 sU. pR. 258-259) / syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 5, pR. 22-24, kriyA kSaNakSayaikAnte padArthAnAM na yujyte| bhUtirUpApi vastutvahAnerekAntanityavat (ta. zlokavArtika- 5/22, zloka. 42, pR. 418 mumbaI sN.)| arthakriyA na yujyeta nitykssnnikpkssyoH| kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvAnAM sA lakSaNatayA matA (laghIyastraya-2/8, pR. 4) / na ca nityaikAnte kSaNikaikAnte vA kramayogapadye saMbhavataH (nyAyakumudacandra 2/8 para, pR. 372) / sattvAnyathAnupapatteH sarvaM nityAnityAtmakam, yathA ghaTaH ekAntanitye anitye vA arthakriyAvirodhAt (nyAyAvatAra sUtra- vArtika-vRtti, 2/kaarikaa-35)| aNUnAm anyonyam asambaddhato jldhaarnn-aahrnnaadi-arthkriyaakaaritv-anupptteH| rajjuvaMzadaNDAdInAm ekadezApakarSaNe tadanyAkarSaNe ca asambaddhavAdino na syAt (satyazAsanaparIkSA- pR.25)| dra. syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 16, pR. 156-158. astitvaM hi kila dravyasya svabhAvaH (pravacanasAra- 2/96 ttiikaa)|t. rAjavArtika-5/ 30/5-6, dravyasya svajAti-aparityAgena prayogavisrasAlakSaNo vikAraH pariNAmaH (raajvaartik5/22/10)| tadbhAva: pariNAmaH (tattvArthasUtra- 5/42) / dravyANi yena AtmanA bhavanti, sa tadbhAva: tattvaM pariNAma ityAkhyAyate (ta. rAjavArtika- 5/42/2) / sarvArthasiddhi-5/22, dharmAdharmAkAzAnAm agurulaghuguNavRddhihAnikRtaH (pariNAma:) (sarvArthasiddhi- 5/22) / 65. pratidravyaparyAyamantItaikasamayA svasattAnubhUtiH vartanA...ekasmin avibhAgini samaye dharmAdIni dravyANi SaDapi svaparyAya: Adimad-anAdimadbhiH utpAdavyayadhrauvyavikalpaiH vartante-iti kRtvA tad-viSayA vartanA (raajvaartik-5/22/4)| antItaikasamaya: svattAnubhavo bhidaa| ya: pratidravyaparyAyaM vartanA seha kiirtyte| ...dharmAdInAM hi vastUnAm, ekasmin avibhaagini| samaye vartamAnAnAMsvaparyAyaiH kathaMcanA utpAdavyayadhrauvyAdivikalpaiH bahudhA svym| prayujyamAnatAnyena vartanA karma bhAvyate (ta. shlokvaartik-5/22/1-4)|| tadbhAva: pariNAmo'tra, paryAyaH prativarNita: (ta. zlokavArtika-5/42 para shlok.1)| dravyasya paryAya: dharmAntaranivRtti-dharmAntaropajananarUpa: pariNAmaH (svaarthsiddhi-5/22)| 67. dravyANAm AtmanA satpariNamanam idaM vartanA' (adhyAtma- kmlmaartnndd)| dharmAdInAM dravyANAM svaparyAyanivRttiM prati svAtmanaiva vartamAnAnAM bAhyopagrahAd vinA tavRttyabhAvAt tatpravartanopalakSitaH kAla iti kRtvA vartanA kAlasya upakAraH (srvaarthsiddhi-5/22)| 69. bhAva: sattA kriyA-ityanarthAntaram (raajvaartik-5/30/4)| 70. dezAd dezAntaraprAptihetuH parispandAtmako hi pariNAmaH arthasya karma ucyate XXVII

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(prameyakamalamArtaNDa-4/10, pR. 600) / dravyasya bhAvo dvividhaH parispandAtmakaH, aprispndaatmkshc| tatra parispandAtmakaH kriyA ityAkhyAyate, itara: pariNAmaH (raajvaartik-5/22/21)| parispandAtmako dravyaparyAya: sNprtiiyte| kriyA dezAntaraprAptihetuH (ta. shlokvaartik-5/22/39)| 71. paMcAdhyAyI -2/25, (ta. zlokavArtika- 5/7 para zloka. 2, pR.-45 zolapura sN.)| 72. paMcAdhyAyI-2/24-27, 73. rAjavArtika -5/7/1, ta. zlokavArtika-5/7, 74. dharmAdharmI parispandalakSaNayA kriyA niSkriyau. sakalajagad-vyApitvAd aakaashvt| pariNAmalakSaNayA tu kriyA sakriyau eva, anyathA vastutvavirodhAt (tattvArthazlokavArtika 5/7) / 75. ta. zlokavArtika-5/7, 76. ta. zlokavArtika-5/22 (pR. 418 mumbaI sNskrnn)| 77. ta. zlokavArtika- 5/7 para zloka-9, 78. dravyArthikaguNabhAve paryAyArthikaprAdhAnyAt sarve bhAvA utpAdavyayadarzanAt sakriyA anityAzca (ta. rAjavArtika- 5/7/25), paMcAstikAya. 21 va TIkA, 79. paryAyArthikaguNabhAve dravyArthikaprAdhAnyAt sarve bhAvA anutpAdavyayadarzanAt niSkriyA nityAzca (ta. rAjavArtika- 5/7/25) / paMcAdhyAyI-kha/247, syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA. 23, pR. 204-205, / 80. kriyAnimitta-utpAdAbhAve'pi eSAM dharmAdInAm anyathA utpAda: klpyte| tadyathA- dvividha utpaadH| svanimittaH prprtyyshc| svanimittastAvat anantAnAm agurulaghuguNAnAm AgamaprAmANyAd abhyupagamyamAnAnAM SaTsthAnapatitayA vRddhyA hAnyA ca vartamAnAnAM svabhAvAdeSAm utpAdo vyshc| parapratyayo'pi azvAdeH gatisthitiavagAhanahetutvAt, kSaNe kSaNe teSAM bhedAt taddhetatvamapi bhinnam -iti parapratyayApekSa utpAdo vinAzazca vyavahriyate (ta. raajvaartik-5/7/3)| SaTsthAnapatitavRddhihAnipariNatasvarUpa- pratiSThatvakAraNa-viziSTaguNAtmikA, agurulaghutvazaktiH (samayasAra-AtmakhyAti, kalaza- 263 pr)| 81. dra. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa aadi| pro. dAmodara zAstrI prophesara, jainavidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma tathA darzana vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM- 341 306 (nAgaura, rAjasthAna) XXVUE

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apanI ora se kriyA aura jIvana paraspara jur3e hue haiN| jIvana hai to kriyA avazya hai| kriyA ho to jIvana ho yaha anivArya isalie nahIM hai ki jar3a meM bhI kriyA hotI hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki kriyA ke abhAva meM jIvana asaMbhava hai| ___ jIvikopArjana kI ceSTA, bhojana karanA, saMbhASaNa karanA, AMkheM kholanA, sara hilAnA, hAtha phailAnA, calanA, utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa ityAdi sthUla kriyAeM haiN| cintanamanana, zvAsa-prazvAsa ityAdi sUkSma kriyAeM hai| spandana sUkSmatara kriyA hai aura pariNamana tathA adhyavasAya sUkSmatama kriyAeM hai| yadi ye kriyAeM baMda ho jAtI hai to jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai| isIlie gItAkAra kA kahanA hai ki dehadhArI prANI kA kriyArahita honA azakya hai na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu titthtykrmkRt| kAryate hyavazaH karma sarvaH prkRtijairgunnaiH|| (3/5) ata: jIvana ke sAtha kriyA kA gaharA sambandha hai| na kevala jIvana ke sAtha apitu astitva ke sAtha bhI kriyA kA gaharA sambandha hai| kriyA hai to astitva hai, kriyA ke abhAva meM astitva asaMbhava hai| bauddhadarzana ne to 'arthakriyAkAritvaM sat' kahakara kriyA aura astitva ke bIca vyApti sthApita kara dI hai| satpadArtha vahI hai jo kisI na kisI prakAra kI kriyA karane meM samartha hai| astitva ke sAtha jur3I kriyA kI isa avadhAraNA kA pariNAma yaha huA ki yaha paribhASA kevala bauddhoM taka hI sImita nahIM rahI sampUrNa darzana jagat meM vyApta ho gii| phalasvarUpa darzana ke kSetra meM padArtha nitya hai athavA anitya hai- isa bAta kA itanA mahattva nahIM rahA, jitanA ki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai yA nahIM - isa bAta kaa| jainAcAryoM ne to vastu-svarUpa-mImAMsA meM vastu ke vastutva kI kasauTI arthakriyAkAritva ko hI rakhA aura isa kasauTI ke AdhAra para hI anya darzanoM dvArA mAnya vastu-svarUpa kA XXIX

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khaNDana kiyaa| udAharaNArtha-vedAnta abhimata vastu-svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM ekAnta nitya vastu kisI bhI prakAra se (krama athavA yaugapadya) kriyA karane meM asamartha hai ata: kUTastha nityatA usakA svarUpa nahIM ho sktii| pramANamImAMsA meM hemacandra likhate haianarthakriyAkAritvAdavastutvaprasaMga:- ityekAnta nityAt kramAkramAbhyAM vyAptArthakriyA vyApakAnupalabdhibalAt vyApakanivRtau nivartamAna vyApyamarthakriyAkAritvaM nivartayati, tadapi svavyApyaM satvamityasan drvyaikaantH| isI prakAra bauddha mata meM padArtha kI sthiti kSaNika hone se usameM dezagata aura kAlagata donoM hI rUpoM meM kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| isIlie ekAnta anityatA bhI vastu kA svarUpa nahIM ho sakatI hai| jainAbhimata meM dravya-paryAyAtmakatA athavA nityAnityatA vastu svarUpa bana sakatA hai isa svarUpa ke rahate hue vastu nirbAdha rUpa se kriyA kara sktii| pramANamImAMsA meM isa tathya kI puSTi ina sUtroM ke dvArA kI gaI hai-pramANasya viSayo dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu, arthakriyA sAmarthyAt, tallakSaNatvAd vastunaH (1/3032) / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki astitva kA AdhAra kriyA hai| jaina darzana meM pratyeka padArtha athavA astitva mAtra ke sAtha kriyA kA sambandha prAraMbha se mAnya rahA hai| kriyA ke sUkSmatama rUpa ko pariNamana kahA gayA hai| vaha hara padArtha meM vidyamAna hai| yaha pratyeka padArtha meM satata hotI rahatI hai| jIva jIva rUpa meM pariNamana kara rahA hai aura ajIva ajIva rUpa meN| astitva aura nAstitva jaise vastubhUta dharma bhI pariNamana kara rahe hai|bhgvtii sUtra meM kahA-asthittaM atthitte pariNamai,natthitaM,natthitte pariNamai (1/3/133) pratyeka padArtha meM pariNamana do rUpoM meM saMbhava hai- sAMyogika yA visadRza tathA svAbhAvikayA sdRsh| sAMyogika pariNamana anyAnya padArthoM ke yoga se hotA hai, svAbhAvika vastu meM svata:hotA hai| pudgala ke yoga se jIva meM honevAlA athavA jIva ke yoga se padagala meM honevAlA parivartana visadRza pariNamana hai| isake viparIta vastu kA apane svarUpa meM hI pratikSaNa parivartita hote rahanA svAbhAvika pariNamana hai| udAharaNArtha paramANu ke rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa meM binA kisI anya nimitta ke svataH parivartana hotA hai, jIva ke jJAna aura darzana meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| yaha svAbhAvika yA sadRza pariNamana hai yaha sAmAnyataH dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| pariNamana kA yaha siddhAMta pAzcAtya jagat meM (Theory of Becoming) ke rUpa meM carcita rahA hai| vijJAna ke kSetra meM kvANTama ke siddhAMta se bhI yahI pramANita ho rahA XXX

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hai ki koI bhI padArtha sthira (Static) nahIM hai| isa prakAra kriyA kA siddhAMta dArzanika aura vaijJAnika donoM hI jagat meM samAna rUpa se mAnya rahA haiN| jainAgamoM meM jIva aura jar3a padArtha meM honevAle parivartanoM ko kriyA, pariNamana, spaMdana, calana ityAdi zabdoM se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| kriyA ke aneka prakAroM kI carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai, unakA thor3A bahuta vivecana bhI prApta hai| kintu aba taka kriyA kA vyavasthita aura vistAra se vivecana karanevAlA koI eka graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| jainAgamoM meM prApta kriyA saMbaMdhI mahattvapUrNa tathyoM para vividha vivecanA hI prastuta zodha prabandha kA AdhAra bnii| kriyA kA sayuktika pratipAdana aneka dArzanika samasyAoM ko samAhita kara sakatA hai| karmavAda aura punarjanma jaise vivAdAspada dArzanika muddoM para vaicArika mataikya sthApita nahIM ho sakA hai| pAzcAtya darzana aura yahudI dharma kA punarjanma aura karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI cArvAka vicArasaraNi inameM vizvAsa nahIM karatI hai vedAnta vicAradhArA karma ko mAyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue bhI use vAstavika nahIM mAnatI hai| karmavAda aura punarjanma kA koI aisA Thosa AdhAra prastuta ho jo yuktisaMgata aura sarvAnubhUti kA viSaya bana sake, yaha apekSA hai| cetanA kI sUkSma spaMdanAtmaka kriyA kA yaha adhyayana isI dizA meM prasthAna kA eka vinamra AyAsa hai| hara pravRtti cetanA ke sUkSma spaMdanAtmaka kriyA kA vyakta rUpa hai| pravRtti ke sAtha kriyA-pratikriyA kI zrRMkhalA jur3I huI hai| pratikriyA alpakAlika va dIrghakAlika donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| bhojana kriyA kA kSaNika pariNAma bubhukSA-zamana hai to dIrghakAlika pariNAma tIna yA chaH ghaNTe taka zarIra meM zakti kA banA rahanA hai| isI prakAra prANI kI hara pravRtti ke pariNAma svarUpa sUkSmastara para karma kA AkarSaNa vikarSaNa rUpa spaMdana calatA rahatA hai| AkRSTa karma hI kAlAntara meM sukha-duHkha, punarjanma ityAdi ghaTanAoM ko saMpAdita karate haiN| vibhinna janmoM meM anusaMcaraNa ke hetu kA anusaMdhAna karate hue jaina Agama AcArAMga meM kahA gayA- maiMne atIta meM kriyA kI thI, vartamAna meM kara rahA hUM aura Age bhI kruuNgaa| usI kA pariNAma hai ki merA nAnA yoniyoM meM bhramaNa ho rahA hai akarissaM cahaM, kAravesuM cahaM, karao yAvi samaNuNNe bhvissaami| (A.bhASya-1/5-6) isa prakAra yaha siddha hotI hai ki kriyA hai to karma hai aura karma hai to punarjanma bhI hai| XXXI

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jaina darzana ke mukhya siddhAMta na kevala ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha hai apitu karmavAda, punarjanma Adi bhI haiN| karmavAda kA sUkSma aura gahana vizleSaNa jaina cintana meM hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| kriyA kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki karma kriyA kA upajIvI hai| AcArAMga bhASya meM AcArya mahAprajJa likhate haiM-AtmA aura karma kA sambandha kriyA ke dvArA hI hotA hai| jaba taka AtmA meM rAga-dveSa janita prakampana vidyamAna haiM, taba taka usakA karma paramANuoM ke sAtha sambandha hotA rahatA hai| isalie karmavAda kriyAvAda kA upajIvI hai| isake atirikta, bhAratIya cintana meM eka baddhamUla avadhAraNA rahI hai ki 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdha-mokSayoH arthAt mana hI hamArI sArI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM kA mUla hai| bhAratIya cintana meM mana ke niyantraNa kI bahuta carcA milatI hai| bhagavAna buddha ne isIlie eka hI daNDa mAnA aura vaha hai mnodnndd| gItA meM mana kI gati ko vAyu se bhI adhika caMcala batalAte hue yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki mana ko kaise rokeN| kRSNa ne abhyAsa aura vairAgya kI lagAma se mana para niyantraNa kI bAta kahI - caJcalaM hi manaH kRSNa pramAthi blvdRddhm| tasyAhaM nigrahaM manye vAyoriva sudusskrm|| asaMzayaM mahAbAho manodurnigrahaM clm| abhyAsena tu kaunteya ! vairAgyeNa ca gRhaate|| (gItA 6/34-35) kintu kyA kevala mana kA niyantraNa paryApta hai ? mana kI caMcalatA meM zarIra aura vANI kI koI bhUmikA nahIM hai? mana ke niyaMtraNa ke lie bhASA-viveka aura zArIrika kriyAoM ke niyamana kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai? mana kI caMcalatA ke abhAva meM bhASA aura zarIra se bhI kucha pravRttiyAM nahIM hotI haiM? mana ke na cAhane para bhI kucha anucita kArya ho jAte haiM, usakA kyA kAraNa hai? jaisA ki arjuna zrI kRSNa se pUchate haiM athakena prayukto'yaM pApaM carati puruussH| anicchannapi vArSNeya ! balAdiva niyojitH| (gItA 6/36) isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki mana se Age bhI koI saMcAlaka zakti hai| yaha bAta isalie bhI satya pratIta hotI hai ki prANI jagat kA bahuta bar3A hissA aisA hai jisameM mana nahIM hai| phira bhI usameM kriyA pAI jAtI hai| karmAkarSaNa bhI hotA hai aura pariNAma-svarUpa ve prAgI janma-mRtyu kI prakriyA se bhI gujarate haiM, anukUla aura pratikUla saMvedanoM kA anubhava XXXII

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karate haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki pravRtti kA mUla hetu kevala mana nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie kriyA ke sandarbha meM samagratA se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| uparyukta mAnyatA kI sthUlatA taba dRSTigocara hotI hai jaba hama kriyA zabda kI gaharAI meM jAte haiN| kriyA meM mAtra mana ko hI pravRtti kA hetu nahIM mAnA gayA hai, apitu bhASA aura zarIra ko bhI mAnA gayA hai| tInoM meM se kisI eka kA bhI mUlya kama yA adhika nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake alAvA dhyAtavya yaha hai ki mana, vANI aura zarIra kI pravRtti bhI mUla nahIM hai| isake pIche bhI cetanA, adhyavasAya kA pUrA cakra cala rahA hai| mana ke abhAva meM bhI baMdhana-mukti kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai| ata: mana ke pare adhyavasAya yA cetanA pravRtti kA mUla srota hai- yaha kriyA zabda se spaSTa hotA hai| ina sabhI tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAnA zodhakArya kA mukhya prayojana hai| prastuta zodhakArya kI prakriyA ke antargata kriyA zabda ke AdhArabhUta mUla graMtha Agama, niyukti, cUrNi, TIkA, bhASya tathA anyAnya vyAkhyA graMthoM kA avalokana kiyA gayA hai| kriyA ke sambandha meM anya dArzanika vicAradhArAoM tathA manovijJAna, zarIravijJAna Adi kA bhI adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| kriyAsambandhI zodha-nibaMdha, kriyAkoza Adi ke upayoga ke sAtha-sAtha sambaddha viSaya ke vidvAnoM se carcA-paricarcA, tathya-saMgraha aura anyAnya pustakAlayoM kA avalokana bhI zodhakArya kI pUrNatA meM upayogI rahA hai| ___kriyA ke saMdarbha meM abhI taka koI zodhakArya nahIM huA hai| na hI isa viSaya para svataMtra rUpa se kucha likhA gayA hai| AgamoM meM bhI kriyA kI carcA eka sthAna para upalabdha nahIM hai| vartamAna yuga ke mahAn dArzanika AcArya mahAprajJa ne Agama-sampAdana karate hue kriyA ke saMdarbha meM avazya aneka aisI TippaNiyAM aura bhASya prastuta kiye haiM jo cintana kI gaharAI liye hue tathA zodhapUrNa haiN| isake atirikta, zrI mohanalAlajI bAMThiyA va zrIcandajI corar3iyA ne kaThora zrama karake Agama va anya sAhitya meM nihita kriyA saMbaMdhI mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kA kriyAkoza ke rUpa meM saMkalana aura saMpAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne Agamika uddharaNoM kA anuvAda bhI prastuta kiyA hai isa dizA meM zodhakArya karane kI atyanta AvazyakatA thI jise eka sImA taka AkAra dene kA prayAsa prastuta zodha-prabandha ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai prastuta zodha-prabandha se kriyA ke viSaya meM rahI huI kamI kI eka pUrti hogii| prastuta zodhakArya dArzanika aura vaijJAnika tathyoM ke anuzIlana aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana para TikA huA hai| ata: vijJAna aura darzana ke AdhAra para isameM 8 adhyAyoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai XXXIII

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prathama adhyAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kriyA ke saMdarbha meM dArzanika jagata meM calane vAle vAda-vivAda aura unake pariNAmasvarUpa phalita hone vAle siddhAMtoM kI carcA hai| . dvitIya adhyAya meM kriyA kI vyutpatti, paribhASA tathA kriyA ke bhedoM-prabhedoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| prastuta adhyAya meM kriyA ke AcAramImAMsIya svarUpa para gaharA aura sUkSma ciMtana prastuta kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM kriyA aura karma ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jitane prakAra kI kriyAeM haiM utane hI prakAra ke karma athavA jitane prakAra ke karma utanI hI prakAra kI kriyAeM haiN| karma aura kriyA eka dRSTi se anyonyAzrita haiN| inameM paraspara kAraNa-kArya saMbaMdha hai| vastuta: jaina AcArazAstra meM kriyA aura karma siddhAMta kA vahI sthAna hai jo vijJAna meM kAraNa-kArya siddhAMta kA hai| Adhunika saMdarbha meM kriyA aura karma ko kriyA-pratikriyA kA siddhAMta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa karma siddhAMta kI kucha apanI mAnyatAeM haiM. (i) pratyeka kriyA usake pariNAma se jur3I huI hai arthAt pratyeka kriyA kA koI na koI phala avazya hotA hai| (ii) karma aura usake phala kI paramparA anAdikAlIna hai| (iii) phalAnubhUti usI ko hotI hai, jisane pUrva meM kriyA kI hai| meksamUlara ne bhI mAnA hai ki acche bure karma kA phala nizcita hai| isI prakAra renora jonsana ne mAnA hai ki bhautika jagat meM sarvatra kArya-kAraNa athavA kriyA-pratikriyA (The Law of Cause and Effect or Action and Reaction) kA siddhAMta kArya kara rahA hai| yadyapi vijJAna jagat meM isa saMdarbha meM mata vaividhya bhI hai| AMzika tulanA kareM to ina siddhAMtoM kA pravRtti, vicAra, bhAvanA Adi staroM para svIkAra hI AdhyAtmika jagat meM karma kA siddhAMta hai| karma siddhAMta meM puNya aura pApa tathA zubha aura azubha pravRti meM gaharA saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai| pravRtti kI zubhAzubhatA kA kAraNa tattvajJAna kI bhASA meM. kaSAya aura lezyA kI mandatA aura tIvratA tathA zuddhi aura azuddhi hai| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka bhAva aura manovRttiyAM kAraNa haiN| bhAva ke anurUpa hI karma-baMdha hotA hai| lezyA aura bhAvadhArA meM bhI antarvyApti hai| lezyA dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| bhAva lezyA AtmA kA pariNAma hai| dravya lezyA sUkSma bhautika tattvoM se nirmita paudgalika saMracanA hai| yaha hamAre bhAvoM evaM tajanita karmoM kI preraka hai| XXXIV

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zyA jIvAtmA ko puNya-pApa, zubha-azubha bhAvoM se jor3atI hai| jIva kA mUla svarUpa zuddha caitanya hai| saMsAra dazA meM usakA vaha zuddha svarUpa karma - paramANuoM se AcchAdita rahatA hai| jIva nirantara apane prayatnoM se karma ke prabhAva ko kama karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| karma kA mUloccheda kie binA usake prabhAva se pUrNa rUpa meM nahIM bacA jA sktaa| phalata: udayabhAva banA rahatA hai| isa prakAra karma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama Adi ke pariNAma svarUpa jIva kI jo vividha dazAeM banatI haiM ve hI bhAva haiN| - zyA aura bhAva ke alAvA isa adhyAya meM jaina karma siddhAMta kI viziSTatAkarma kI paudgalikatA, mUrta-amUrta kA sambandha, vipAka - paramparA, dravyakarma-bhAvakarma, karmoM ke prakAra, karma-baMdha ke hetu Adi aneka viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM cetanA kI sUkSma spaMdanAtmaka kriyA aura punarjanma viSayaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| karmaphala bhoga ke lie punarjanma kI saMbhAvanA ko sabhI Astika darzanoM ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai| karma ke binA na punarjanma kA astitva hai, na prANI jagat kI vividhatA kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha nizcita niyama hai ki karma binA phala diye naSTa nahIM hotaa| kaDANaM kammANaM puvviM ducciNNANaM duppaDikaMtANaM veyaittA mokkho, natthi aveyaittA, tavasA vA jhosaittA arthAt kRta karmoM kA phala bhoge binA prANI kI mukti nahIM hotii| karma yadi eka janma meM phala nahIM de pAtA hai to AgAmI janma meM detA hai| sAmAnya se sAmAnya karma bhI bhoge binA naSTa nahIM hotA, saMskAra rUpa meM jIva ke sAtha saMlagna rahatA hai| vartamAna jIvana pichale janma ke karmoM dvArA saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita hai| tapasyA se kabhI binA bhoge bhI samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| hAM, tapasyA Adi vizeSa pravRtti se karmoM ko binA bhoge bhI samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmoM kI sthiti Adi ko badalanA puruSArtha ke hAtha meM hai| punarjanma kA AdhAra hai- AtmA kA traikAlika astitva tathA karma - pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi sambandha pUrvakRta karmoM kA bhoga evaM naye karma - saMskAroM kA saMcaya saMsArI AtmA kA svabhAva hai| saMcita saMskAroM se prerita hokara janma-mRtyu kI paramparA calatI hai| punarjanma kA bodha tIna prakAra se saMbhava hai (i) pratyakSajJAnI yA atIndriya jJAnI (ii) tArkika dharAtala (iii) vaijJAnika - anusaMdhAna - XXXV

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pratyakSa jJAniyoM kI anubhUti kA saca hai ki jisakA pUrva aura pazcAt nahIM, usakA madhya bhI saMbhava nhiiN| jisakA madhya hai, usakA pUrvApara astitva bhI nizcita hai| vartamAna jIvana janma-maraNa kI avicchinna paramparA kI madhyavartI kar3I hai | cetana ke astitva evaM prANI ke vyaktitva kI samyag vyAkhyA ke liye hI karmavAdI avadhAraNA kA udaya huA hai| atIta ke karmoM evaM vartamAna ke utthAna - patana, Aroha-avaroha kI prakriyA ko karmavAda eka nizcita AkAra detA hai| janma ke prathama ucchvAsa se lekara antima samaya taka ghaTita ghaTanAoM, durghaTanAoM kA upAdAna prANI kA apanA karma hI hai| paristhitiyAM nimitta mAtra haiN| karma kI vidyamAnatA meM punarjanma kI saMbhAvyatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| punarjanma ke siddhAMta kA tArkika AdhAra AtmA kA traikAlika astitva aura kriyA pratikriyA hai| eka vicAradhArA punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM krtii| unakA tarka hai ki zarIra kI taraha AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hotii| yadi cetanA kI traikAlika sattA hai to vaha dikhAI kyoM nahIM detI ? punarjanma hai to usakI smRti sabako kyoM nahIM hotI ? ata: unake mata meM AtmA hai kintu usakA saMbaMdha vartamAna se hai| atIta aura bhaviSya se usakA saMbaMdha tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| vaijJAnikoM ne bhI lambe samaya taka punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakI pahuMca bhautika jagat taka hI rhii| unake prayoga aura parIkSaNa kA AdhAra bhI mAtra bhautika jagat rahA hai| kintu jaba se vijJAna ne jagat ke sUkSma rahasyoM kA anveSaNa zurU kiyA hai, eka naI krAMti ghaTita ho rahI hai| aba yaha dhAraNA bana rahI hai ki bhautika jagat ke pIche bhI koI abhautika tattva (AtmA) kriyAzIla hai| paMcama adhyAya meM karma-mukti meM kriyA kI kyA bhUmikA hai? isa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| baMdhana kA mUla hetu kriyA hai, yaha sarvasammata hai| mukti meM bhI kriyA kI bhUmikA rahatI hai, yaha anya kisI bhI darzana meM mAnya nahIM hai| akarma athavA akriyA hI mukti kA sAdhana mAnI gaI hai| aisI sthiti meM isa adhyAya meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kriyA karmabaMdhana kI tu hI nahIM hotI hai| zubha yoga se zuddha yoga aura zuddha yoga se kramazaH ayoga kI sthiti meM praveza prApta kara karmoM ko samApta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhanA ke dvArA vyakti kriyAzUnya ho jAye to kriyA-pratikriyA kA cakra bhI svataH rUka jAtA hai aura karma-paramANuoM kA bhI saMbaMdha hamezA ke lie samApta ho jAtA hai| kriyAzUnya kaise huA jA sakatA hai| isake lie saMvara, nirjarA, antakriyA Adi ke svarUpa aura prakriyA ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| XXXVI

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baMdha aura mokSa adhyAtma jagat ke pramukha pratyaya haiN| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya hai - baMdhana mukti / baMdhana aura mukti eka sikke ke do pahalu haiN| ye donoM AtmAdhArita haiN| 'baMdha- pamokkho tujjha ajjhattheva / ' baMdhana aura mukti tumhAre bhItara hI hai / 'karmabaMdhana' kI prakriyA meM pravRtti rUpa (yoga rUpa ) mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika kriyA kA nimitta kevala prakRti baMdha aura pradeza baMdha taka sImita hai| 'anubhAga baMdha' aura 'sthiti baMdha' jo kaSAya kI AMtarika sthiti para AdhArita hai, usakA saMbaMdha 'kriyA' yAni cetanA ke sUkSma stara, jisa hama adhyavasAya, pariNAma, bhAva Adi ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate haiM, ke sAtha haiN| jaise 'avrata Azrava' meM 'apratyAkhyAna kriyA' karma baMdha kA kAraNa banatI hai, na ki mana-vacana kA yA yoga / isI prakAra kriyA kA vistRta vivecana yaha siddha karatA hai ki janmAntara meM bhI ve pudgala 'kriyA' ke kAraNa 'karmabaMdha' ke nimitta bana jAte haiM yadi ve kisI bhI rUpa meM prANAtivAta Adi ke nimitta banate haiM / astu baMdhana hai to saMvara aura nirjarA / mukti kA upAya bhI haiN| mokSa ke lie saMvara, nirjarA sAdhaka haiN| saMvara meM Azrava kA nirodha hotA hai| saMvara Azrava kA pratipakSI hai| saMvara mokSa kA mUla kAraNa aura naitika sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna haiN| karma - pudgaloM kA AtmA se pRthak honA nirjarA hai| isa prakAra saMvara nirodha tathA nirjarA zodhana kA kArya karatI hai| ina donoM ke yoga se karma - baMdhana se ekAntika aura Atyantika mukti saMbhava hai| jaina darzana meM Atma-vizuddhi kA mApana guNasthAna ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| prathama guNasthAna se kramaza: Age bar3hate hue jIva AThaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMcatA hai, vahAM se UrdhvArohaNa kI gati tIvra ho jAtI hai| UrdhvArohaNa ke do mAdhyama haiM - upazama bhAva aura kSaya bhaav| inheM kramaza: upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI kahA jAtA hai| kSapaka zreNI meM ArUr3ha hokara sAdhaka dasaveM guNasthAna se sIdhA bArahaveM meM calA jAtA hai| bArahavIM bhUmikA meM moha karma sarvathA kSINa ho jAtA hai| terahaveM guNasthAna meM pravRtti zeSa rahatI hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna ke aMtima caraNa meM sUkSma kriyA kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai / samucchinna-kriyApratipAti nAmaka zukla dhyAna dvArA niSprakaMpa sthiti ko prApta kara kucha hI kSaNoM meM sAdhaka mukta ho jAtA hai, carama lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai| mAnava kI pratyeka pravRtti ke pIche koI na koI lakSya rahatA hai| lakSya kA cayana evaM nirdhAraNa eka jaTila prakriyA hai| jIvana kA lakSya jIvana se haTakara nahIM ho sakatA / jIvana kI prakriyA hai sadA pariveza ke prati kriyAzIla hotI hai| spensara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko tor3ate rahate haiM aura jIvana apanI XXXVII

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kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA puna: isa saMtulana ko banAye rakhane kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai| ise hI vikAsavAdiyoM ne astitva ke liye saMgharSa kahA hai| jainadarzana kI bhASA meM ise saMgharSa kI apekSA samatva kA saMsthApana kahanA adhika ucita hai jIvana kA sAdhya kevala samatva kA saMsthApana hI nahIM isase bhI Age hai| vaha hai AtmapUrNatA kI dizA meM prgti| AtmapUrNatA kA artha hai aatmoplbdhi| jaise bIja vRkSa rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai vaise AtmA ke nija guNoM kA pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa honA hI mokSa hai yahI mAnava jIvana kA lakSya hai| use hI mokSa kahA gayA hai aura usakA sAdhana antakriyA hai| jisakA vivecana paJcama adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| SaSThama adhyAya kA pratipAdya hai kriyA aura prinnmn| jaina darzana meM pratyeka padArtha athavA astitva ke sAtha kriyA kA sambandha prAraMbha se mAnya rahA hai| kriyA kA sUkSmatama aura vyApaka rUpa pariNamana hai| dravya meM do prakAra kI kriyAeM hotI haiM- sUkSma kriyA aura sthUla kriyaa| (i) pratikSaNa hone vAlI kriyA-sUkSma kriyA hai| isake anusAra nirantara parivartana hotA hai| vastu pahale kSaNa meM jo hotI hai vaha dUsare kSaNa meM nahIM hotI, usakA nayA rUpa bana jAtA hai| isa pariNamana kA nAma hai-arthpryaay| arthaparyAya Antarika parivartana hai| arthaparyAya svAbhAvika aura eka samayavartI hone ke kAraNa dekhI nahIM jA sakatI hai, na vyakta kI jA sakatI hai| (ii) kSaNa ke antarAla se hone vAlI kriyA- sthUla kriyA hai| ise vyaMjana paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai| dRSTigocara aura vacanagocara hone vAlA jitanA bhI pariNamana hai vaha vyaMjana paryAya hai| vyaMjana paryAya sthUla aura dIrghakAlika hotI hai| pariNamana ke binA pahale kSaNa kA dravya dUsare kSaNa meM apane astitva ko TikAeM nahIM rakha sktaa| isaliye dArzanika dRSTi se pariNamana ke siddhAMta kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai| pratyeka vastu meM utpAda-vyaya kA krama calatA rahatA hai| pUrva avasthA kA vinAza aura uttara avasthA kI utpatti kA nAma pariNamana hai| jIva sadA jIva rUpa meM aura ajIva sadA ajIva rUpa meM pariNamana kara rahA hai| pariNamana kI isa maryAdA kA kabhI bhI atikramaNa nahIM hotaa| saptama adhyAya meM jaina darzana tathA vijJAna meM zArIrika kriyAoM kA adhyayana hai| zArIrika-racanA bhI vibhinna prakAra kI zArIrika kriyAoM ke lie jimmedAra hotI hai| XXXVIII

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isalie isa adhyAya meM jaina darzana aura vijJAna kI dRSTi se zArIrika -racanA para bhI yatkiJcit prakAza DAlA gayA hai jaina dRSTi se sukha duHkha kI anubhUti kA sAdhana tathA jo utpatti ke samaya se lekara pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA hai, use zarIra kahate haiN| zarIra racanA ke pIche zarIra nAmakarma kA udaya hai| zarIra pAMca hai-audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejas aura kaarmnn| pratyeka kI racanA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke pudgaloM se hotI hai| audArika zarIra sthUla pudgaloM se banatA hai, vaikriya zarIra viziSTa sUkSma pudgaloM se nirmita saMracanA hai| isI prakAra AhAraka, taijas aura kArmaNa kramazaH sUkSmatara pudgaloM se nirmita hote haiN| cetanA vikAsa ke anurUpa zarIra kI racanA hotI hai aura zarIra racanA ke anurUpa cetanA kI pravRti hotI hai| Adhunika zarIra-vijJAna meM zarIra-saMracanA para kAphI anusaMdhAnAtmaka kArya huA hai| usake AdhAra para mAnava zarIra kI saMracanA ke mukhya pAMca stara mAne gaye haiM (i) rAsAyanika stara (ii) kozikIya stara (iii) UttakIya stara (iv) aMgIya stara (v) taMtrIya stara rAsAyanika stara kA sambandha prakRti meM sthita hAIDrojana, oNksIjana, nAiTrojana, kArbana Adi rAsAyanika tattvoM se hai| kozikA, Uttaka, avayava, taMtrikAtaMtra Adi ke saMdarbha meM prastuta adhyAya meM yatkiJcit prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zarIra vijJAna kI dRSTi se hamAre sAre Aveza, vRttiyAM aura vAsanAeM antaHstrAvI graMthitaMtra kI abhivyaktiyAM haiN| manuSya kI sabhI AdatoM kA udgama sthala graMthitaMtra hai| prasiddha manovaijJAnika zailDana ne zarIra kA vargIkaraNa tIna prakAra se kiyA hai(i) lambAkAra (ii) golAkAra (iii) aaytaakaar| zarIra racanA ke AdhAra para manovaijJAnikoM ne vyaktitva kI vyAkhyA kI hai| vyaktitva vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se zailDana, krezmara, spregara Adi manovaijJAnikoM kA nAma pramukha haiN| jaina dRSTi se vyaktitva nirmANa meM vaMzAnukrama, pariveza, nAr3ItaMtra-graMthitaMtra ke alAvA lezyA, bhAva aura karma Adi ghaTakoM kI vizeSa bhUmikA haiN| AvegoM ke kAraNa mAnasika aura zArIrika kriyAoM meM parivartana hotA hai| graMthiyoM ke srAva bhI mUla kAraNa nhiiN| mUla kAraNa kArmaNa zarIra haiN| ina sabhI tathyoM kI saptama adhyAya meM carcA kI gaI hai| aSTama adhyAya meM kriyA aura mana ke saMbaMdha para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| mana kyA hai? mana kA sthAna kahAM hai ? mana kA kArya kyA hai ? mana aura zarIra kA kyA sambandha hai ? mana XXXIX

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ke kitane prakAra haiM? mAnasika vikAsa kI bhUmikAeM kaunasI haiM ? mana aura saMvega kA pArasparika saMbaMdha kyA hai ? ityAdi viSayoM kA adhyayana prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina tattva-mImAMsA ke anusAra vizva ke mUla meM do tattva kriyAzIla haiM - jar3a aura cetn| Azrava, puNya-pApa, saMvara Adi inhIM do tattvoM kI vibhinna avasthAeM haiN| vastutaH zuddha AtmA baMdhana kA kAraNa nahIM banatI aura na hI kaSAya ke abhAva meM kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyA dIrghakAlika karma-baMdhana kA hetu banatI haiN| tAtparya, baMdhana ke mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa aura moha haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna bhI caitanya ke gahare stara para calane vAlI ajJAta prakriyAoM meM mana ke maulika AdhAroM ko khoja rahA hai| usake anusAra maulika manovRttiyAM, saMvega, saMveda Adi ke pIche rahasyamayI prakriyAeM kAma kara rahI haiN| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI mUla Azaya rAga, dveSa, krodha,lobha, bhaya Adi haiN| kintu ye nirantara prabhAvI nahIM rhte| jaba - jaba vyakti niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM meM jAtA hai inakA prabhAva par3atA hai| smRti, kalpanA Adi mana ke hI kArya haiN| mana ke do prakAra haivyakta aura avykt| jainadarzana kI bhASA meM inheM kramaza:dravyamana aura bhAvamana kahA jAtA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne inheM jJAta aura ajJAta mana kahA hai| vyakti kA ajJAta evaM avyakta mana hI citta hai| ajJAta mana hI sthUla vyaktitva kA niyAmaka hotA hai| manovijJAna meM aneka pravRttiyoM kI vyAkhyA acetana mana ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| acetana mana saMskAroM kA puMja hai| ye saMskAra hI citta kA nirmANa karate haiN| AhAra, maithuna, parigraha, lobha Adi sArI vRttiyAM aura saMjJAeM saMskAra yA adhyavasAya se hI janma letI haiN| kriyA kA siddhAMta atyanta sUkSma aura gahana hai| kriyA zabda ke vibhinna arthoM kI mImAMsA ke pazcAt mUla pAribhASika rUpa meM prayukta kriyA-cetanA kI sUkSma spaMdanAtmaka kriyA kA vivecana yahAM iSTa hai| manovijJAna, zarIra-vijJAna Adi ke saMdarbha meM saMkSipta tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa kA bhI vinamra prayAsa prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM kiyA gayA hai|' jIvana eka yAtrA hai| janma ke sAtha hI jIvana kI yAtrA prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| yAtrA ke hara par3Ava para kriyA kA dastAveja hai| kriyA se akriyA kI ora bar3hanA sva-saMbodha ke dvAra para eka sahI dastaka hai| saMbodha kI pUrva sIr3hI hai-jijnyaasaa| jijJAsA aura saMbodha hI vyakti ko satya kA sAnnidhya aura sAmIpya detA hai| satya saMbodha ke do caraNa haiM - 1. karma se akarma kI ora jAnA 2. astitva meM rmnn| zarIra aura mana ke pAra cale jAne para jIvana kA gahana satya hamArI cetanA meM utaratA XL

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hai, vAstavikatA se sAkSAt hotA hai| saMbodhi se samAdhi kI meM praveza hI karma se akarma aura astitva meM ramaNa hai| isakI prApti hI mukhya prayojana hai| jaina AcAra - zAstra meM vizeSataH asatkarma se satkarma aura phira satkarma se akarma kI ora bar3hane kI preraNA nihita hai| asatkarma aura satkarma kA saMbaMdha kriyA se hai| kriyA karma kI jananI hai| kriyA-vijJAna vastutaH bhAratIya RSiyoM ke gahana adhyayana kI phalazruti hai, cintana ke kSetra meM eka maulika dena hai aura isase bhI Age hamAre astitva kA mUlAdhAra hai| aparimeya jJAnapayonidhi mahAprANa pUjya gurudeva zrI tulasI, divya AbhA ke dhanI AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI ke dvArA mujhe nayA jIvana milA hai, jIvana ko dizA va gati pragati kA vistRta AkAza milA hai| arhatA yA acchAI kI dizA meM mere astitva meM jo kucha hai, unhIM kI parama kAruNika dRSTi kA prasAda hai / unake dvArA saMpAdita aura praNIta sAhitya hI kriyA saMbaMdhI Agama ke gahana rahasyoM ko anAvRta unheM sarala bhASA meM samajhane meM madada kara pAyA hai| Apake dvArA Alokita anta:karaNa hI isa durUha kArya ko saMpAdita kara pAyA hai| pUjya pravara satat zraddhApraNata samaya hI iSTa hai / yuvAmanISI yuvAcAryazrI, mAtRhRdayA sAdhvIpramukhA zrI kanakaprabhAjI kA mArgadarzana aura vAtsalya bhAva hI merI sRjanadharmitA kA AdhAra banA hai| pUjyavaroM ko ananta zraddhAsikta nmn| kriyA ko zodha kA viSaya banAnA mere liye saMyoga thaa| ema.e. kI parIkSA ho cukI thii| lADanU~ kI ghaTanA hai, sAdhvI zrI nagInAjI ke sAtha jaina vizva bhAratI darzanArtha gii| sahasA sAdhvI pramukhA zrI kanakaprabhAjI ne mujhe AzIrvAda dete hue pharamAyA - adhyayana Age bar3hAnA hai, baMda nahIM karanA hai| isI preraNA ne mujhe zodha kArya ke lie prerita kiyA tathA mere kArya kI dizA bhI nizcita kii| jaina darzana vibhAga kI vyAkhyAtA DaoN. samaNI caitanya prajJAjI ne mArgadarzana kiyaa| maiM unakI hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / viSaya gahana aura jaTila hone ke sAtha na vizeSa jAnakArI, na vyavasthita saamgrii| nayI rAha meM calane meM yoga aura sahayoga milA sAdhvI zrI nagInAjI aura anya sahavartI ratnAdhika sAdhvIvRMda kA / zakti, samaya aura zrama ke sAtha saphalatA saMbhava banI / yadyapi navInatama saMdarbhoM ke saMkalana meM aneka kaThinAIyAM upasthita huI, phira bhI sAdhvI zrI nagInAjI evaM sahavartinI sAdhvI zrI padmAvatIjI, puSpAvatIjI, merUprabhAjI, mayaMkaprabhAjI XLI

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tathA svargIyA sAdhvI zrI kaMcanakaMvarajI tathA anya aneka vyaktiyoM ke AtmIya sahayoga ne una sabhI kaThinAIyoM ko pAra kara mujhe Age bddh'aayaa| merI agragaNyA sAdhvI nagInAjI ke kuzala aura AtmIya nirdezana meM yaha kArya saMbhava ho sakA hai| pro. munizrI mahendra kumArajI va munizrI dhanaJjaya kumArajI kA anAyAsa prApta sahayoga graMtha kI suSamA bar3hAne vAlA rhaa| isI pariprekSya meM DaoN. mahAvIrarAja gelar3A jayapura (pUrva kulapati, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM), pro. baccharAja dUgar3a (vibhAgAdhyakSa ahiMsA evaM zAnti vibhAga, jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM), DaoN. je.pI.ena.mizrA (rIDara-jIvana vijJAna vibhAga), DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI mahatvapUrNa sahayoga ke liye aabhaar| veda-vijJAna ke labdha pratiSThata evaM khyAtanAma vidvAna DaoN. dayAnaMda bhArgava ne apane vyasta kSaNoM meM bhUmikA likhakara grantha kI garimA bar3hAI hai| pro. DaoN. dAmodara zAstrI ne prastuta viSaya para prastAvanA likhii| ahiMsA evaM zAnti vibhAga meM sahAyaka prophesara ke rUpa meM kAryarata samaNI DaoN. satya prajJAjI ke zrama aura kauzala ne saMzodhana, sampAdana Adi kAryoM ko apanA kArya mAnakara niSpanna kiyaa| samaNI amitaprajJAjI kA bhI yatheSTa sahayoga isameM rhaa| merI sRjana yAtrA meM jinhoMne anugraha AzIrvAda barasAyA hai, unake prati mere mana meM kRtajJatA ke bhAva hai| sahRdaya janoM ke asIma upakAra ko AbhAra jaise choTe zabda se sImita nahIM karanA caahtii| unake snehila sahayogapUrNa kSaNoM ko bhItara hI saMcita rakhakara Ananda milegaa| ___ una sabhI mahApurUSoM, vicArakoM, lekhakoM, gurUjanoM, manISiyoM, vidvAnoM ke prati bhI kRtajJatA jJApana karatI hUM jinakI sAhitya-nidhi pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM merA mArgadarzana kara skii| zodha-prabaMdha kI prastuti ko nayA pariveza pradAna karane meM aneka graMthoM, nibaMdhoM, paripatroM kA yathAvazyaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa-apratyakSa jo bhI isa kArya meM sahayogI baneM, sabake prati sAdara AbhArI huuN| saMsAra pakSIya mAtuzrI sundaradevI jIrAvalA (dharmapatnI svargIya seTha sukharAjajI jIrAvalA) kI preraNA se bhAI sohanalAla pArasamala jIrAvalA ne prakAzana meM utsAha dikhaayaa| sabake prati zubha bhaavnaa| sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI XLII

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saMpAdakIya jijJAsA satyazodha kA dvAra hai| zodha ke do AyAma haiM- sUkSma se sthUla kI ora, sthUla se sUkSma kI or| dRzya jagat sthUla haiN| jIva aura jIvana ke vividha rUpoM ko yaha hamAre sAmane prastuta karatA hai| vijJAna aura adhyAtma donoM kA hI lakSya sthUla se sUkSma ora gamana karanA hai| sUkSma kI dizA meM kArya ke sAtha kAraNa kI zodha kI jAtI hai| jaina vAGgamaya kA mahatvapUrNa sUkta hai, 'aggaM ca mUlaM ca vigiMca dhIre / ' dhIra puruSa agra ko bhI jAneM, mUla ko bhI jAneM, bAhara ko bhI jAneM, bhItara ko bhI jAneM, kArya ko bhI jAneM, kAraNa ko bhI jaaneN| sthUla jagata meM hone vAle vividha kriyA-kalApoM kA saMcAlaka kauna hai ? isa prazna para sAdhvIzrI gaveSaNAjI ke kie gae vimarza kA pariNAma hI 'ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA : kriyA' ke rUpa meM prastuta kRti hai / sAMsArika prANI kA astitva vizuddha AtmarUpa nahIM hai, AtmA aura karma kA mizrita rUpa hai| AtmA ke sUkSma spaMdana satata jArI hai| cetanA ke ye sUkSma spaMdana hI vyakta rUpa meM kriyA haiN| sUkSma - parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA kA jagat dviAyAmI hai - pudgala kA pudgala ke sAtha sambandha aura jIva kA pudgala ke sAtha sambandha / pudgala kA pudgala ke sAtha hone vAlA sambandha yahAM vivecya nahIM / jIva kA pudgala ke sAtha ho rahA sambandha bhItara ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai, bAhara ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| 'maiM akelA rahUMgA,' yaha eka dArzanika bhrAMti to ho sakatI hai, vyAvahArika saccAI nhiiN| sahajIvana vyAvahArika saccAI hai| ahiMsA sahajIvana kA AdhAra hai| isa AdhAra ko prANavAna banAne ke lie isakI sUkSma vyAkhyA bhI apekSita hai| AcAra ke AdhArabhUta cAra vAda haiM- AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyAvAda / AtmA hai| apane samAna hI anya jIvoM kA astitva hai| sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, sukha cAhate haiM, yahIM se AcAra kA vimarza udbhUta hotA hai / jIva kA pratipakSI hai - ajIva / jIva kA astitva ajIva ke binA siddha nahIM hotA / XLIII

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isIlie AtmavAda kI bhAMti lokavAda bhI AcAra kA AdhArabhUta tattva haiN| karmavAda kA AdhAra haiM- bNdh| baMdha kA hetu hai - kriyA / kriyAvAda isI ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA kA eka stambha hai| Agamika pratipAdana hai - jIva ko jAnane ke lie ajIva ko jAnanA apekSita hai / isI zailI meM kaha sakate haiM ahiMsA ko jAnane ke lie hiMsA ko jAnanA jarUrI hai| Adhunika zAMtivAdI vicAraka kahate haiM - koI bhI yuddha raNabhUmi se pahale mastiSka meM lar3A jAtA hai| yadi manuSya apane kamare meM zAMti se jInA sIkha le to vaha vizva meM bhI zAMti se raha sakatA hai, vizva zAMti sahaja sthApita ho sakatI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra isa sacAI ko zabda dete haiM - bAhara meM ghaTita hone vAlI hiMsA to bahuta bAda kI bAta hai, bhItara meM hiMsA kI lambI yAtrA isase pUrva ho cukI hotI hai| zastra ke dasa prakAroM meM bhAva zastra arthAt asaMyama pradhAna zastra hai| duSprayukta mana-vacana-kAyA aura avirati bhAvaye zastra haiN| kriyA ke pAMca prakAra haiM- kAyikI, AdhikAraNikI, prAdoSikI, paritApanikI, prANAtipAtakriyA / kAyA - zarIra kriyA kI AdhArabhUmi hai| Antarika aura bAhya sAdhana adhikaraNa hai| rAga dveSa, IrSyA Adi kaSAya se Avezita citta doSa rUpa agni meM ghI kA kArya karane vAlA hai, pradoSaka haiN| duHkhotpatti kA taMtra paritApanA, tAr3anA Adi haiN| kaSTa pahuMcAne se prANaviyojana, prANa atipAta taka kI kriyA prANAtipAtaka hai| jaise kuMbhakAra ghaTa kA nirmANa karate hue pRthvI kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, taba bhI vaha pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati tathA trasakAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai / vyAkhyA kA dUsarA prakAra yaha bhI hai - jo eka jIva kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha vAstava meM sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai kyoMki vaha avirata hai| jisake jIva hiMsA kI virati nahIM hai, vaha jisa kisI jIva - nikAya kI hiMsA meM pravRtta ho sakatA hai| isa cintana kI pRSThabhUmi meM ahiMsA aura maitrI kA darzana chipA huA hai| sAdhaka ke lie saba jIvoM kI hiMsA niSiddha hai| yaha sarva niSedha ahiMsA ke citta kA nirmANa karatA hai| eka jIva- nikAya kI hiMsA vihita aura anya jIva nikAyoM kI hiMsA niSiddha ho to ahiMsaka citta kA nirmANa nahIM ho sktaa| jo vyakti eka jIva nikAya kI hiMsA karatA hai, usake citta meM vyApaka maitrI kA prAdurbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| jisa sAdhaka ke citta meM kisI eka jIva nikAya kI hiMsA kI bhAvanA avyakta rahatI hai, vaha ahiMsA ke patha para sarvAtmanA prasthAna nahIM kara pAtA / XLIV

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mUla doSa do haiM-rAga aura dvess| hiMsA, parigraha ityAdi doSa unake paryAya haiN| rAgadveSa se prerita hokara jo parigraha kA sparza karatA hai, vaha hiMsA Adi kA bhI sparza karatA hai| hiMsA kI cikitsA ahiMsaka citta nirmANa se hI saMbhava hai| saMyama aura apramAda kI pRSThabhUmi se ubharA AtmatulA kA bhAva sabako kalyANa kI dizA meM gati de sakatA hai| sAdhvI nagInAzrIjI kI sahavartinI sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrIjI ne kriyA ke vividha AyAmoM kA anAvaraNa isa zodha kArya ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| ahiMsA va maitrI ke prati niSThA jAgRta karane meM yaha nimitta bane- maMgala kaamnaa| gautama jJAnazAlA 27 navambara, 2008 DaoN. samaNI satyaprajJA sahAyaka prophesara, ahiMsA evaM zAnti vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) XLV

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viSayAnukrama VII XXIX XLIII 1-28 AzIrvacana do zabda bhUmikA purovAk apanI ora se sampAdakIya prathama adhyAyaH kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi + samavasaraNa banAma dArzanika vicAradhArAeM "kriyAvAda (i) paricaya evaM svarUpa (ii) kriyAvAdI dArzanika + akriyAvAda (i) paricaya evaM svarUpa (ii) akriyAvAdI dArzanika 4.ajJAnavAda (i) paricaya evaM svarUpa (ii) ajJAnavAda kA AdhAra (iii) ajJAnavAda ke phalita (iv) ajJAnavAdI dArzanika vinayavAda (i) paricaya evaM svarUpa (ii) vinayavAdI dArzanika XLVI

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anya dArzanika paramparAeM niyativAda (i) (ii) ucchedavAda (iii) anyonyavAda (iv) vikSepavAda sArAMza dvitIya adhyAyaH kriyA ke prakAra aura AcArazAstrIya svarUpa kriyA kA AcAra-mImAMsIya svarUpa (i) kriyA zabda kI vyutpatti (ii) kriyA kA artha evaM paribhASA (iii) kriyA aura pariNAma (iv) kriyA kA niyama (v) kriyA : naya dRSTi (vi) kriyA aura nikSepa kriyA ke prakAra (i) prathama vargIkaraNa (ii) dvitIya vargIkaraNa (iii) tRtIya vargIkaraNa (iv) anya kriyAeM kAyika kriyA paMcaka (i) kAyikI kriyA (ii) AdhikaraNikI kriyA (iii) prAdveSikI kriyA (iv) paritApanikI kriyA (v) prANAtipAtikI kriyA (vi) kriyA paMcaka aura caubIsa daMDaka (vii) kAyikI kriyA paMcaka aura vedanA samudghAta (viii) kAyikI kriyA paMcaka kA paraspara sahabhAva XLVII 29-122

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(i) ArambhikI kriyA (ii) pArigrahikI kriyA (iii) mAyA pratyayA kriyA (iv) apratyAkhyAna kriyA (v) supratyAkhyAna-duSpratyAkhyAna (vi) mithyA darzana pratyayA kriyA (vii) vedanA aura kriyA tRtIya kriyA paMcaka (i) dRSTikA kriyA (ii) spRSTikA kriyA (iii) pratyAyika kriyA (iv) sAmAntopanipAtikI kriyA . (v) svahastakI kriyA caturtha kriyA paMcaka (i) naisRSTikI kriyA (ii) vaidAriNI kriyA (iii) AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA (iv) anAbhoga pratyayA kriyA (v) anavakAMkSA pratyayA kriyA paMcama kriyA paMcaka (i) rAga (preyasa) pratyayA (ii) dveSa pratyayikI kriyA (iii) prAyogikI kriyA (iv) sAmudAnikI kriyA (v) IryApathikI kriyA sAmparAyikI kriyA ke prakAra anya sAhitya meM kriyA-vicAra (i) purANa meM nirdiSTa kriyA (ii) anya kriyAeM XLVIII

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(iii) sakriyatA - akriyatA kI mImAMsA (iv) kriyA aura karaNa (v) pravRtti - nivRtti kA saMtulana niSkarSa tRtIya adhyAyaH kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta kriyA aura adhyavasAya kriyA aura lezyA (i) yoga pariNAma lezyA (ii) karma vargaNA niSpanna lezyA (iii) karmanisyanda lezyA (iv) lezyA aura abhijAtiyoM kI mImAMsA (v) lezyA ke raMga aura unake raMgoM kA mana para prabhAva, raMgoM kA zarIra para prabhAva (vi) lezyA ke prakAra (vii) raMgavijJAna aura lezyA (viii) lezyA aura taraMga dairdhya (ix) vyaktitva aura lezyA (x) lezyA aura AbhAmaMDala (xi) lezyA aura nikSepa (xii) gati aura lezyA kriyA aura puNya (i) puNya-pApa donoM baMdhana (ii) puNya kI kAmanA avihita (iii) puNya ke prakAra (iv) puNya kA hetu kriyA aura pApa pApa kI paribhASA (i) (ii) kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika kriyA (ii) pApa kriyA kA pariNAma 123-180 XLIX

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kriyA aura bhAva (i) bhAva kI vyutpatti (ii) audayika bhAva (iii) kSAyopazamika bhAva (iv) aupazamika bhAva (v) kSAyika bhAva (vi) pAriNAmika bhAva karma - baMdha - prakriyA aura bhAva (i) svAmitva aura bhAva (ii) kAla dRSTi aura bhAva (iii) bhAva aura saMvega H (iv) bhAva, saMvega aura svAsthya (v) manovijJAna dvArA sammata tathya kriyA aura karma (i) kriyA banAma karma (ii) kriyA aura karma kA sambandha (iii) AtmA aura karma kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA (iv) saMbaMdha kA hetu kriyA (v) sambandha kaba se ? (vi) karma ke prakAra (vii) karmoM kI krama vyavasthA (viii) ghAti - aghAti karma niSkarSa caturtha adhyAya : kriyA aura punarjanma jaina darzana meM punarjanma (i) punarjanma kA svarUpa (ii) punarjanma smRti ke kAraNa (iii) jainetara darzanoM meM punarjanma (iv) punarjanma ke sAdhaka pramANa L 181-222

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+ kriyA aura karmaphala vicAra (i) karma-phala kA AdhAra; prAkRtika niyama (ii) karma vipAka (ii) jaina dRSTi meM karma-phala niyatatA aniyatatA (iv) anya darzanoM meM karma-phala kI niyatatA-aniyatatA (v) karma phala kI samaya - sImA + gati - Agati (i) AyuSya baMdha ke kAraNa (ii) do AyuSya baMdha kA vimarza (iii) AyuSya baMdha kA vidhAna (iv) AyuSya baMdha-matAntara (v) AyuSya karma ke nau pariNAma (vi) kAlAMza ke prakAra (vii) svata: udaya meM AnevAle karma ke hetu (viii) nimitta se udaya meM AnevAle karma ke hetu (ix) baMdha ke prakAra (x) karma phala saMvibhAga (xi) karma kI dasa avasthAeM (xii) manovijJAna aura mUla pravRttiyAM 223-276 paMcama adhyAya: kriyA aura antakriyA + kriyA aura yoga (i) kriyA aura yoga kA saMbaMdha (ii) yoga ke prakAra (ii) yoga aura karmabaMdha (iv) yogAzrava jIva yA ajIva + kriyA aura Azrava (i) Azrava kA artha (ii) Azrava kI vyutpatti (iii) Azrava ke prakAra (iv) Azrava kA hetu

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+ kriyA aura saMvara (i) saMvara kA artha (ii) saMvara ke prakAra (iii) guNasthAna aura saMvara (iv) yoga nirodha aura niSpatti + kriyA aura nirjarA (i) nirjarA kI paribhASA aura svarUpa (ii) nirjarA ke prakAra (iii) nirjarA kA prayojana (iv) nirjarA aura nirjarA kI kriyA + kriyA aura antakriyA (i) akriyA banAma mokSa (ii) kriyA aura guNasthAna (iii) akriyA kA vikAsa aura niSpatti (iv) antakriyA kI vividha avasthAeM (v) anantara aura parampara antakriyA (vi) antakriyA kA upAya (vii) antakriyA ke prakAra (viii) zramaNa kI antakriyA (viii) kevalI kI antakriyA (ix) antakriyA kA krama (x) muktajIvoM meM gati kriyA 277-310 SaSThama adhyAya : kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta + pariNamana kA artha evaM svarUpa (i) pariNamana kI anivAryatA (ii) pariNamana kA AdhAra (iii) pariNamana kI sImA (iv) pariNamana kA tAratamya LII

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+ pariNamana ke prakAra (i) jIva pariNamana (ii) ajIva pariNamana (iii) svAbhAvika pariNamana (iv) vaibhAvika pariNamana (v) sAMyogika pariNamana (vi) ekAntika pariNamana (vii) vainasika pariNamana (viii) prAyogika pariNamana (ix) mizra pariNamana + pariNamana aura kAla + pariNamana aura sauramaNDala + niSkarSa 311-360 saptama adhyAya : kriyA aura zarIra vijJAna + jaina darzana meM zarIra kI avadhAraNA (i) zarIra kI paribhASA (i) audArika (iii) vaikriya (iv) AhAraka (v) AhAraka zarIra nirmANa kA prayojana (vi) taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra (vii) sahAvasthAna aura krama-vyavasthA (viii) sUkSma zarIra aura Adhunika vijJAna - jaina darzana meM zarIra-racanA (i) saMhanana vraja-RSabha-nArAca RSabha-nArAca nArAca LIII

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ardha nArAca kIlikA sevArta (ii) saMsthAna samacaturasra nyagrodha parimaMDala sAdi kubja vAmana huNDaka (iii) jainAgamoM meM garbha - vijJAna jainetara darzanoM meM zarIra kI avadhAraNA (i) sAMkhya darzana (ii) vedAnta darzana manovijJAna meM zarIra - racanA ma vijJAna meM zarIra racanA aura usake kArya (i) vibhinna taMtra aura unakI kriyAeM asthitaMtra snAyutaMtra tvacA taMtra taMtrikA taMtra raktaparisaMcaraNa taMtra zvasanataMtra pAcanataMtra utsarjana taMtra (ii) granthitaMtra aura usakI kriyAeM (i) pIniyala graMthi (ii) picyuTarI graMthi (iii) thAirAIDa graMthi LIV

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(iv) perAthAirAIDa graMthi (v) thAyamasa graMthi (vi) eDrInala graMthi (vii) gonADsa (viii) antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM kI sakriyatA- niSkriyatA kA prabhAva (iii) nAr3I taMtra aura usake kArya saMvegAtmaka vyavahAra manovijJAna meM zarIra racanA aura usakA prabhAva aSTama adhyAyaH kriyA aura manovijJAna jaina darzana meM mana aura usake kArya (i) mana kI paribhASA (ii) mana kA svarUpa (iii) mana kA astitva (iv) mana kA sthAna (v) mana kA kAraNa aura parimANa (i) paramANu rUpa (ii) aNu rUpa (ii) madhyama parimANa (vii) mana kA svarUpa aura bhautikavAda (vii) mana ke prakAra mana ke kArya mana aura buddhi (i) autpattikI buddhi (ii) vainayikI buddhi (iii) kArmikI buddhi (iv) pariNAmikI buddhi - mAnasika vikAsa aura usakI bhUmikAeM (i) mUr3ha LV 361-396

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(ii) vikSipta (iii) yAtAyAta (iv) zliSTa (v) sulIna (vi) niruddha - manovijJAna meM mana aura usake kArya * mana ke stara (i) cetana mana (ii) avacetana mana (iii) acetana mana (iv) vaiyaktika acetana mana + mUla pravRttiyAM aura saMvega + mana aura saMjJA (i) saMjJAoM ke prakAra (ii) ogha saMjJA (iii) loka saMjJA saMvega kA svarUpa (i) Avega, saMvega ke vibhinna prakAra (ii) saMvega aura manodazA kA antara (iii) mAnasika kriyA kA zarIra para prabhAva upasaMhAra saMdarbhagraMtha sUcI 397-405 406-421 LVI

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prathama adhyAya kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi anveSaNa kA tAtparya hai naye tathyoM kI zodha / manuSya sadA se hI apane bAre meM aura jagata ke sambandha meM jAnane kA yatna karatA rahA hai| vaha socatA rahA hai ki saMsAra nitya hai yA anitya ? citta aura acitta sattA kA svarUpa kyA ? una sattAoM kA pArasparika saMbaMdha kaise huA ? AtmA kyA hai ? usakA punarjanma hotA hai yA nahIM ? isa prakAra kI jijJAsAoM kA phalita hai- dArzanika ciMtana kA vikaas| darzana kA artha hai- " dRzyate nirNIyate vastu tatvamaneneti darzanam " jisake dvArA vastusatya kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai vaha darzana hai| I.pU. chaThI zatAbdi meM mAnava kI jijJAsA kAphI praur3ha ho cukI thI / vizva kI mUla sattA, sRSTi ke kartRtva kI samasyA, AtmA kI amaratA, zubhAzubha karmoM kA vipAka Adi praznoM para aneka dArzanikoM ne gahana cintana kiyA, manana tathA nididhyAsana ke AdhAra para apane mantavya prastuta kiye| mantavyoM meM virodha hone se dArzanika vivAdoM kA bhI janma tathA eka viSaya meM aneka vicAradhArAoM kA vikAsa bhI huaa| phalataH Atmatattva aura vizva ke saMdarbha meM cAra avadhAraNAeM pramukha rUpa se prastuta huI 1. AtmA evaM loka nitya hai| AtmA evaM loka anitya hai| 3. AtmA aura vizva na nitya hai, na anitya hai| 4. ve aMzata: nitya hai aura aMzata: anitya hai| 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM 363 mata pracalita the| sUtrakRtAMga tathA usakI niryukti meM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu matavAdoM tathA unake AcAryoM kA nAmollekha vahAM nahIM hai| kevala unake siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana aura asvIkAra hai| kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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dIrghanikAya grantha ke sAmaJjaphala sUtra meM 62 matavAdoM kA ullekha hai| bhagavAna buddha ne unheM mithyAdRSTi se abhihita kiyA hai| upaniSadoM meM yatra-tatra vibhinna matabhedoM kI carcA hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda yadRcchAvAda Adi kA nAma nirdeza hai| maitrAyaNI upaniSad meM kAlavAdI kI mAnyatA kA bhI nirUpaNa hai|' brahmajAla sutta meM 62 siddhAMta nimnAnusAra haiMnityavAda 2. nityatA-anityatAvAda 3. sAnta - anantavAda 4. amarA - vikSepavAda 5. akAraNavAda 6. maraNAntara hozavAlA AtmA 7. maraNAntara behoza AtmA 8. maraNAntara na hoza, na behoza 9. AtmA kA uccheda 10. isI janma meM nirvANa 1. nityavAda- bhikSuoM ! kitane hI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa nityavAdI 4 kAraNoM se AtmA aura loka donoM kA nitya mAnate haiN| 2. nityatA-anityatAvAda- bhikSuoM ! cAra kAraNoM se ye AtmA aura loka kI aMzata : nitya aura aMzata : anitya mAnate haiN| 3. sAnta-anantavAda- bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa va brAhmaNa cAra kAraNoM se loka ko sAnta aura ananta mAnate haiN| ___4. amarA-vikSepavAda- bhikSuoM ! koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa ThIka se nahIM jAnatA ki yaha acchA yA buraa| ataH yaha asatya bhASaNa ke bhaya aura ghRNA se na yaha kahatA hai ki yaha acchA hai aura na yaha kahatA ki burA hai aisA vaha cAra kAraNoM se karatA hai| 5. akAraNavAda- ye do kAraNoM se Atma aura loka ko akAraNa utpanna mAnate haiN| 6. maraNAntara hozavAlA AtmA- bhikSuoM! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa marane ke baad| 7. maraNAntara behoza AtmA- bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa-brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoM se marane ke bAda AtmA asaMjJI rahatA hai, aisA mAnate haiN| 8. maraNAntara na hoza, na behoza- bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoM se marane ke bAda AtmA na saMjJI rahatA na asaMjJI aisA mAnate haiN| 9. AtmA kA uccheda- kitane zramaNa va brAhmaNa sAta kAraNoM se AtmA kA uccheda-vinAza mAnate haiN| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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10. isI janma meM nirvANa- bhikSuoM ! kitane brAhmaNa pAMca kAraNoM se aisA mAnate haiM ki prANI kA isI saMsAra meM dekhate-dekhate nirvANa ho jAtA hai| isa mUla bAtoM ke krama se 4+4+4+4+2+16+8+8+7+5= 62 kAraNoM se 62 mata hote haiN| 4 jaina paramparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM ye vicAradhArAeM tatkAlIna matavAdoM ke rUpa meM saMkalita hai| kintu uttaravartI sAhitya meM unakI paramparAgata saMkhyA upalabdha hai kintu unakA paricaya nahIM milatA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki uttaravartI vyAkhyAkAroM ne una matavAdoM ko gaNita kI prakriyA se samajhAyA haiM / kintu yaha prakriyA bhI mUla sparzI nahIM lagatI hai| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke maulika svarUpa vicchinna hone ke bAda unheM gaNita ke mAdhyama se saMkhyApUrti karake samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa vargIkaraNa se dArzanika avadhAraNA kA samyak bodha nahIM ho sakatA / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ke sAhitya meM prakAra bheda ke sAtha yahI prakriyA milatI hai| usake liye AcArAMga vRtti, sthAnAMga vRtti', pravacanasAroddhAra' aura gommaTasAra' draSTavya hai| samavasaraNa banAma dArzanika vicAradhArAeM jaina Agama sAhitya meM cAra samavasaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| 363 matoM kA samAveza una cAra samavasaraNa meM hai / sUtrakRtAMga prathama zrutaskaMdha ke 12veM adhyayana kA nAma hI samavasaraNa hai| 10 usakA prAraMbha ina cAra samavasaraNoM ke ullekha se haiN| cattAri samosaraNA paNNattA-kiriyAvAdIakiriyAvAdI aNNANiyAvAdI -veNaiyAvAdI / / sUtrakRtAMga " 11 ke sAtha-sAtha, sthAnAMga 12, bhagavatI 13, kaSAyapAhuDa 14, haribhadrIyaTIkApatra'', uttarAdhyayana nemIcaMdrIya TIkA", sUtrakRtAMga niyukti 7 aura pravacanasAroddhAra ke uttarabhAga 8 meM bhI uparyukta cAra samavasaraNa kI carcA hai / 'samavasaraNa' zabda aneka vAdoM ke saMgama kA nAma hai| sam + ava pUrvaka sR gatau dhAtu se lyUT pratyaya hokara samavasaraNa zabda niSpanna huA hai jisakA artha hai- vAda - sNgm| jahAM aneka darzanoM yA dRSTiyoM kA milana hotA hai, use samavasaraNa kahate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga- cUrNi meM samavasaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai - 'samavasaranti jesu darisaNANi diTThio vA tANi smosrnnaanni|' isa kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 3

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prakAra vibhinna vAdoM ko cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-1. kriyAvAda 2. akriyAvAda 3. ajJAnavAda 4. vinayavAda / samavasaraNa meM ina cAroM kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai| niyuktikAra ne asti-nAsti ke AdhAra para kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda tathA ajJAna aura vinaya ke AdhAra para ajJAnavAda evaM vinayavAda kI vyAkhyA hai| mUla Agama meM unake bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA kintu sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti meM una cAra vAdoM ke 363 bhedoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| unake artha kI bhI svataMtra viSayagata viziSTatAeM haiN| dArzanikoM ne isa vargIkaraNa meM aneka mukhya tathA gauNa sampradAya ko parigaNita kiyA hai jinakI utpatti thor3e - bahuta matabheda ko lekara huI thii| vIrasenAcArya ne likhA hai ki jaya dhavalA meM dRSTivAda ke 'sUtra' nAmaka dUsare khaNDa meM nAstivAda, kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAna - jJAnavAda aura vainiyikavAda kA varNana hai|20 kintu samavAya tathA naMdI meM isa prakAra kA ullekha prApta nahIM hai| naMdI kI cUrNi tathA vRtti meM bhI usakA koI saMketa nahIM hai| phira bhI dRSTivAda nAma se hI pramANita hotA hai ki usameM samasta dRSTiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| cAra samavasaraNa yA pramukha vAdoM kA nirUpaNa nimnAnusAra haiM kriyAvAda svarUpa evaM paricaya jo AtmavAda, lokavAda evaM karmavAda ko jAnatA hai yA nau tattvoM ko sarvakarma - vimukti rUpa mokSa ke saMdarbha meM svIkAra karatA hai, vahI vastutaH kriyAvAda kA jJAtA evaM upadeSTA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA gayA- bhaMte ! kriyAvAdI kauna hai ? uttara milA-jo AstikavAdI, AstikaprajJa, AstikadRSTi hai, vaha kriyAvAdI hai|21 sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA- jo AtmA, loka, janma, maraNa, cyavana, upapAta ko jAnatA hai| adholoka sthita prANiyoM ke vivartana ko jAnatA hai| Azrava, saMvara, du:kha, nirjarA ko jAnatA hai vaha kriyAvAda kA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai|22 kriyAvAda kI vistRta vyAkhyA dazAzrutaskaMdha meM prApta hai| usake AdhAra para kriyAvAda ke cAra phalita haiM"23 1. astitvavAda - AtmA evaM loka ke astitva kI sviikRti| 2. samyagvAda - nitya - anitya donoM arthoM kI sviikRti| 3. punarjanmavAda - punarjanma kI svIkRti 4. Atma - kartRtvavAda - purUSArthavAda kI sviikRti| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kriyAvAda meM una sabhI matavAdoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jo AtmA, loka, gati, Agati, zAzvata-azAzvata, upapAta-cyavana, janma-maraNa, Azrava-nirjarA, saMvara Adi tathA Atma-kartRtvavAda meM vizvAsa karate the| kriyAvAda kA tAtparya AtmavAda, karmavAda Adi sabhI siddhAMtoM kI samanviti se hai| tattvArtha-vArtika, SaDdarzana samuccaya Adi graMthoM meM kriyAvAda ke kucha AcAryoM kA nAmollekha huA hai|24 niyuktikAra25 evaM cUrNikAra donoM ne kriyAvAda ke pravAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kriyAvAdI jIva - ajIva Adi navatattvoM ke astitva ko mAnate haiN| kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati aura svabhAva kA svata: parata : aura nitya - anitya rUpa se jIva Adi nau tatvoM ke sAtha sambandha hone se180 kriyAvAda kI vibhinna zAkhAeM banatI haiN| jIva ajIva puNya pApa Azrava saMvara nirjarA baMdha mokSa svataH parataH nitya anitya kAla, svabhAva, niyati, Izvara, AtmA kAla, svabhAva, niyati, Izvara, AtmA anitya kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati, svabhAva kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati, svabhAva cUrNikAra ne 180 (9x2x2x5=180) pravAdoM kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA, vaha bhI vikalpa kI vyavasthA jaisA hI lagatA hai| isase bhI dharma - pravAdoM kI vizeSa avagati nahIM miltii| harmana jekobI ne vaizeSikoM ko kriyAvAdI kahA hai|26 kintu isa svIkRti kA koI hetu unhoneM prastuta nahIM kiyaa| DaoN. je.sI.sikadara ne zramaNa-nirgranthoM evaM nyAya-vaizeSikoM ko kriyAvAda ke antargata liyA hai| usa samAhAra kA hetu unhoMne AtmA ke astitva aura kartRtva kI svIkRti ko mAnA hai|27 vimarzanIya yaha hai ki vaizeSikoM kA mantavya kriyAvAda ke sarvathA anukUla nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi meM to use spaSTa rUpa se akriyAvAdI kahA hai|28 kriyAvAdI dArzanika tattvArtha rAjavArtika ke prathama adhyAya ke 20 veM sUtra ke vArtika meM kriyAvAdI AcAryoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM nitya kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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1. kaulkala 2. kANeviddhi 3. kauzika 4. harizmazrumAna 5. romaza 6. hArIta 7. mAMchapika 8. azvamuNDa 9. AzvalAyana inameM se kucha AcAryoM ke sambandha meM prApta tathya nimnAnusAra haiMkANeviddhi (kANTheviddhi) pANinIkRta vyAkaraNa meM kANeviddhi ke sthAna para kANTheviddhi nAma AtA hai|29 sAmaveda meM bhI inakA ullekha hai jisase sUcita hotA hai ki ye sAmaveda ke AcArya tho30(ka) kauzika pANinI vyAkaraNa 30(kha) ke mahAbhASya meM likhA hai- vizvAmitra ne tapasyA kI maiM anRSi na rhuuN| ve RSi ho ge| dUsarI bAra tapasyA kI maiM anRSi kA putra na rhuuN| ve gArgI RSi ho ge| tIsarI bAra tapa kA lakSya thA ki maiM anRSi kA pautra na rhuuN| ve kuzika RSi ho ge| ata: kuzika kA putra hone se kauzika khlaaye| Rgveda meM jina sAta RSiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai unameM eka vizvAmitra bhI hai| atharvaveda meM bhI vizvAmitra nAma AtA hai| kauzika nAmaka eka RSi atharvasUtroM ke vyAkhyAkAra bhI hue haiN| kauzika gRhasUtra aura kauzika smRti nAmaka do graMtha bhI upalabdha hai| ataH yahAM kauzika se vaidika RSi vizvAmitra hI pratIta hote haiN| mAJchapika dhavala TIkA meM mAJchapika ke sthAna para mAMdhayika nAma hai| siddhasenagaNI kI TIkA meM mAMdhanika nAma milatA hai32 bRhadAraNyaka meM mandha siddhAMta kA nirdeza hai| kahA jAtA hai ki zvetaketu kA pitA uddAlaka usakA mUla racayitA thaa| zrI bhagavad datta ne apane vaidika vAGmaya ke itihAsa meM uddAlaka ko AruNikI paramparA kA batAyA hai|34 usameM tIsare nambara kA nAma 'madhuka paiDgaya' hai| yaha nAma mAJcapika se bahuta milatA-julatA hai| hArita zrI bhagavaddattajI ne likhA hai ki hemAdri siddhakalpa para TIkA likhane ke liye haritasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai| eka harIta dharmasUtra ke racayitA hue hai| ve kRSNa yajurvedazAkhA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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ke the| ye donoM eka hI haiM yA bhinna, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI akalaMkadeva ne unhIM meM se eka nAma nirdeza kiyA jAna par3atA hai| adhamuMDa eka upaniSad kA nAma muNDaka hai| muNDaka kA saMbaMdha azvamuMDa se ho sakatA hai| ApalAyana SaDU guru ziSya ne Rk sarvAkramaNI vRtti kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki zaunaka ne Rgveda sambandhI dasa graMtha likhe haiN| unake ziSya AzvalAyana ne tIna graMthoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| ve tIna hai- zrautasUtra, brahmasUtra aura AraNyakA saMbhavataH akalaMkadeva ne unakA anukaraNa kiyA hai| . ......... . .... jJAna rahita kevala kriyA se mukti saMbhava hai- yaha kriyAvAdiyoM kA mUla mantavya hai| vastutaH ekAnta rUpa meM kriyA kA astitva mAnane para samasta jJAnAtmaka vyavahAroM kA uccheda ho jAtA hai| dUsarI ora samyag jJAna yukta kriyA hI mokSa kI hetu hai| jJAna nirapekSa kriyA athavA kriyA nirapekSa jJAna donoM apane Apa meM apUrNa haiN| donoM ke samanvaya se hI abhISTa prayojana kI siddhi saMbhava hai| dazavaikAlika kA sUkta "par3hamaM NANaM tao dayA" bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| akiyAvAda ... . . ....... .... .. . rUpa paricaya evaM svarUpa niyuktikAra ne nAsti ke AdhAra para akriyAvAda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| 7 jo AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karate, unheM akriyAvAdI kahA jAtA hai| bauddha isa vicAradhArA ke saMpoSaka mAne jAte haiN| unake abhimata se pratyeka vastu kSaNika hai| kisI bhI padArtha kI eka kSaNa se adhika sattA nahIM rhtii| bhUta, bhaviSya ke sAtha vartamAna kA koI bhI sambandha nahIM hai| kSaNika vastu meM kriyA bhI asaMbhava hai| pariNAmasvarUpa tajanita karmabaMdha bhI nahIM hotaa| yaha vicAradhArA mukti ke lie citta - zuddhi ko Avazyaka mAnatI haiM- "akriyAvAdino ye brUvate kiM kriyayA ciddhazuddhireva kAryA te ca bauddhA iti"| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM jahAM bauddhoM ko kriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai vahIM samavasaraNa adhyayana kI cUrNi meM bauddhoM ko akriyAvAdI mAnA hai| 38 muni jaMbuvijayajI kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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apekSA bheda ke AdhAra para donoM matoM meM samanvaya kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI unhoMneM yaha bhI nA hai ki aMguttaranikAya meM buddha ko akriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai| 39 akriyAvAda ke phalita hai - 1. AtmA kA asvIkAra, 2. AtmA kartRtva kA asvIkAra, 3. karma kA asvIkAra 4 punarjanma kA asvIkAra | 40 akriyAvAdI ko nAstikavAdI, nAstikaprajJa, nAstikadRSTi bhI kahA gayA hai| 41 akriyAvAda ke prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra meM akriyAvAdI ke ATha prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 42 3. mitavAdI 6. samucchedavAdI 1. ekavAdI 2. anekavAdI 4. nirmitavAdI 5. sAtavAdI 7. nityavAdI 8. nAstiparalokavAdI ekavAdI va nirmitavAdI ke abhimata kA nirUpaNa sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai / 43 sAtavAdI tathA nAsti paralokavAda kA bhI vivaraNa sUtrakRtAMga meM prApta hai| 44 akriyAvAdI dArzanika ATha vAdoM meM chaha vAda ekAntadRSTi vAle haiN| samucchedavAda aura nAstiparalokavAda ye do anAtmavAdI vicAradhArAeM haiN| upAdhyAyazovijayajI ne dharmyaMza kI dRSTi se jaise cArvAka ko nAstika akriyAvAdI kahA hai, vaise hI dharmAMza kI dRSTi se sabhI ekAntavAdiyoM ko nAstika kahA hai| 44 ina sabhI vicAradhArAoM kA saMkalana karate samaya sUtrakAra ke sAmane kaunasI viziSTa dArzanika paramparAeM rahI haiM, isakA uttara denA kaThina hai kintu vartamAna meM una dhArAoM kI saMvAhaka dArzanika paramparAeM isa prakAra haiM- 1. brahmAdvaitavAdI - vedAnta, 2. vijJAnAdvaitavAdI - bauddha aura 3. zabdAdvaitavAdI - vaiyAkaraNa / ekavAdI brahmAdvaitavAdI ke anusAra brahma, vijJAnadvaitavAdI ke anusAra vijJAna aura zabdAdvaitavAdI ke mata se zabda hI pAramArthika tattva hai| isaliye inheM ekavAdI ke antargata liyA hai / anekAnta kI bhUmikA para saMgraha naya kI dRSTi se sabhI padArtha eka mAne gaye haiM kintu dUsarI ora vyavahAra naya se aneka bhI haiN| kavAdI ke abhimata se eka hI AtmA nAnA rUpoM meM pratibhAsita hotI hai jaise eka hI candramA aneka jalAzayoM meM aneka rUpoM meM pratibimbita hotA hai| saMsAra meM sarvatra ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 8

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AtmA hI AtmA hai| AtmA ke atirikta kucha nhiiN| pRthvI, jala, teja Adi meM bhI eka Atmatattva vyApta hai|45 anekavAdI vaizeSika anekavAdI darzana haiM kyoMki isameM dharma-dharmI, avayava-avayavI Adi ko bhinna-bhinna mAnA gayA hai| mitavAdI __ isa mata ke anusAra jIva aneka hote hue bhI unakI saMkhyA meM parimita haiN| AcArya hemacandra dvArA racita anyayogavyavacchedikA meM usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|46 isake alAvA yaha eka aupaniSadika mata hai| ___ AtmA ko aMguSTha parva jitanA athavA zyAmAka taMdula jitanA mAnA gayA hai| ise paurANika mata bhI mAnA gayA hai jo loka ko kevala sAta dvIpa-samudra mAtra mAnatA hai| nirmitavAdI jo sRSTi ko Izvara kI racanA mAnate hai ve nirmitavAdI vicAradhArAeM haiN| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana isI prakAra kI vicAradhArAe haiN| naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi loka ko IzvarakRta mAnate haiN|47 sAtavAdI vRttikAra ke anusAra sAtavAdI bauddhoM kA abhimata hai|48 sUtrakRtAMga se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai|" sukha-prApti yadyapi cArvAka kA sAdhya hai phira bhI vRttikAra ne use sAtavAdI nahIM mAnA kyoMki 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjati' sukha kA utpAdaka kAraNa sukha hI hai yaha kArya - kAraNa kA siddhAMta cArvAka ko mAnya nahIM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke cUrNikAra ne bhI sAtavAda ko bauddhoM kA siddhAMta mAnA hai| samucchedavAdI isa mata ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha kSaNika hai| dUsare kSaNa meM usakA uccheda ho jAtA hai| isa artha meM bauddha darzana samucchedavAdI hai| nityavAdI sAMkhyAbhimata satkAryavAda ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha nitya hai|50 kAraNa aura kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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kAryarUpa meM pratyeka vastu kA astitva pahale se vidyamAna hai| koI bhI padArtha sarvathA navIna rUpa meM na utpanna hotA hai na naSTa hotA hai| kevala usakA AvirbhAva-tirobhAva hotA rahatA hai| niyuktikAra ne akriyAvAda ke 84 pravAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 51 akriyAvAda ke anusAra koI bhI padArtha sthira nahIM hai| utpatyantara hI usakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM puNya-pApa kI kriyA kisI taraha saMbhava nahIM hai| isaliye puNya-pApa ke atirikta sAta padArtha ke svataH aura parata: do-do bheda haiM- 7x 2 = 14 / inakA kAla, yadRcchA, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA ina chaha tattvoM se guNana karane para 14 x 6 = 84 bheda hote haiN| 52 jIva ajIva Azrava saMvara nirjarA baMdha mokSa svataH parata: kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati, svabhAva, yadRcchA kAla, Izvara, AtmA, niyati, svabhAva, yadRcchA AcArya akalaMka ne akriyAvAda ke kucha pramukha AcAryoM kA nAmollekha isa prakAra kiyA hai- 1. marIcikumAra 2. ulUka 3. kapila 4. gArgya 5. vyAghrabhUti 6 . vAili 7. mAThara 8. maudgalyAyana aadi| 3 marIcikumAra DaoN. sikadAra RSabha ke pautra ko hI ullikhita marIcikumAra mAnate haiM aura yaha ucita bhI pratIta hotA hai kyoMki marIci ke pazcAt hI kapila kA nAma AtA hai jo sAMkhya darzana ke saMsthApaka mAne jAte haiN| jinasena ne apane mahApurANa parva meM bhI likhA haiRSabha kA pautra marIci bhI unake sAtha pravrajita huA thaa| bAda meM bhraSTa hokara usane sAMkhyamata kA pratipAdana kiyaa| 54 kapila sAMkhya darzana ke saMsthApaka kapila RSi the, yaha sAMkhya kArikA kI antima kArikA se spaSTa hotA hai| zvetAmbara upaniSad meM kapila ko brAhmaNa kA bauddhika putra, mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM brAhmaNa kA mAnasa putra aura bhAgavat meM viSNu kA avatAra mAnA hai| ulUka 10 vaizeSika darzana ke puraskartA kaNAdaRSi kA eka nAma uluka bhI thaa| saMbhavataH ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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isI AdhAra para vaizeSika darzana ko aulukya darzana bhI kahate haiN| DaoN. kItha ne likhA hai 55 sAMkhyakArikA ke cInI anuvAda meM sAMkhya darzana ke AcAryoM kI tAlikA dI hai jisameM paMcazikha ke pazcAt tathA IzvarakRSNa ke pUrva gArga aura uluka nAma kA ullekha huA hai| ata: sAMkhyadarzana ke uluka hI ullikhita uluka hone cAhiye kyoMki marIci aura kapila bhI sAMkhyadarzana ke hI puraskartAoM meM se the| gArgya bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM RSiyoM kI purAnI tAlikA meM do gArgya kA nAma milatA hai jinameM se eka yAjJavalkya ke samakAlIna the| sAMkhyadarzana kI AcArya tAlikA meM bhI gArgya kA nAma hai| AcArya akalaMka ne akriyAvAdiyoM meM sAMkhya darzana ke puraskartA AcAryoM ko hI parigaNita kiyA hai| ataH prakRta gAye unhIM meM se hone caahiye| vyAghrabhUti siddhAMta kaumudI meM do kArikAeM AI haiM jinameM vyAghrabhUti ke mata kA nirdeza hai| kolabuka ne bhI likhA hai ki vyAghrAda kI vArtikoM kA ullekha aneka graMthakAroM ne kiyA hai| ataH yaha vyAghrabhUti vaiyAkaraNa jJAta hote haiN|56 (ka) mAThara mAThara sAMkhya kArikA para mATharavRtti ke racayitA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| ataH kapila Adi sAMkhya AcAryoM ke sAtha unakA hI ullekha honA saMbhava hai| dRSTivAda meM unake mata kA nirAkaraNa honA asaMbhava hai kyoMki unakA kAla prAya: I.san kI prathama zatAbdI se pUrva nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla meM mAThara nAmaka vaidika RSi bhI hue haiN| maudgalyAyana taitarIya upaniSad meM eka maudgalyAyana kA ullekha hai| eka modgalAyana buddhadeva ke ziSya bhI the| ina donoM meM se akalaMka ne akriyAvAdI meM kisakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| yaha kahanA zakya nahIM hai| __ akalaMka ne marIcikumAra, kapila Adi ko akriyAvAdI kahA hai aura siddhasena ne inheM kriyAvAdI mAnA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda kA cintana AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| AtmA hai| vaha punarbhavajanmA hai| karma kA kartA kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 11

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hai| karma - phala kA bhoktA hai| nirvANa hai| ye mata kriyAvAda ke AdhAra haiN| inameM se kisI eka ko bhI asvIkAra karanevAlA akriyAvAdI kahalAtA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA karma kA kartA nahIM hai, kriyA kA mUla prakRti hai| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra jagat kA mUla upAdAna paramANu hai| jagat kArya hai, usakA kartA Izvara hai| Izvara hI jIvoM ko karmAnusAra phala detA hai| karmaphala AtmA ke adhIna nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se cUrNikAra ne sAMkhya aura vaizeSika ko akriyAvAda kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA hai| cUrNikAra ne paMca mahAbhautika, caturbhotika, skaMdhagAtrika, zUnyavAdI, lokAyatika ko bhI akriyAvAdI batalAyA hai|56(kh) hamArA astitva jar3a aura cetana do tattvoM kA saMyoga hai| unameM se kucha zarIra ko mahatva dete haiM, AtmA ko svataMtra sattA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| ve anAtmavAdI haiN| jabaki AtmavAdI kI dRSTi meM AtmA aura zarIra bhinna hai| unheM cetana kA jar3a se bhinna svataMtra astitva mAnya hai| isI ciMtana ke AdhAra para bhAratIya cintana do dhArAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA jo kramaza: kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| donoM vicAradhArAeM prAcInakAla se hI mAnava jIvana ke vicAra aura AcAra pakSa ko prabhAvita karatI rahI haiN| unase kevala dArzanika cintana hI nahIM vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura dhArmika jIvana bhI prabhAvita huaa| kriyAvAdI kI jIvana zailI meM bhI antara aayaa| kriyAvAdI ke pratyeka kArya meM Atma-zuddhi kA lakSya nihita rahatA hai| akriyAvAdI ke liye Atmazuddhi kA mahattva nahIM rhaa| akriyAvAdI meM prAcIna pratinidhi cArvAka darzana rhaa| Adhunika yuga meM usakA pratinidhi sAmyavAdI aura pUMjIvAdI vicAradhArA mAnI jA sktii| kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda samIkSA 1. kriyAvAdI - AtmA, karma, punarjanma, mokSa kI sviikRti| akriyAvAdI - AtmA Adi kI asviikRti| 2. kriyAvAdI - dharmAnuSThAna meM vishvaas| akriyAvAdI - bhautika sukhamaya jIvana kA smrthn| 3. kriyAvAdI - 'dehe dukkhaM mahAphalaM' kA ghoss| akriyAvAdI - 'yAvajIvet sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet', kI dhaarnnaa| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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4. kriyAvAdI - jIvana nazvara hai isIlie apramattatA kI sAdhanA kA lkssy| akriyAvAdI - 'prApta ko chor3a aprApta kI AkAMkSA' bhUla kA cintn| 5. kriyAvAdI - zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala avazyaMbhAvI hai| akriyAvAdI - karmoM kA phala nahIM hai| 6. kriyAvAdI - astitva meM saMdeha mata karo, AtmA amUrta hai, nitya hai| akriyAvAdI - paMcabhUtoM se niSpanna cetanA unake sAtha hI vilaya ho . jAtI hai| zarIra naSTa hone para AtmA kA astitva nhiiN| ajJAnavAda svarUpa evaM paricaya ajJAnavAda kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| ajJAnavAda kA mUla AdhAra ajJAna hai|57 ajJAnavAdiyoM ke abhimata se jJAna hI saba samasyAoM kA mUla hai| jJAna kI tulanA meM zreyaskara ajJAna hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM kA kathana hai- aneka darzana haiN| aneka dArzanika haiN| pUrNajJAna kisI meM saMbhava nhiiN| yadi una dArzanikoM kA jJAna satya aura pUrNa hotA to paraspara virodhAbhAsa nahIM hotaa| ata: satya-asatya kA nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke TIkAkAra zrI zIlAMkasUri ne ajJAnavAda ko tIna arthoM meM prastuta kiyA haiM (a) samyag jJAna se rahita zramaNa - brAhmaNa ajJAnI haiN|58 (ba) zUnyavAdI bauddhA59 .. (sa) ajJAna ko zreSTha mAnane vaale|60 ajJAnavAdI AtmA ke astitva meM saMdeha karate hai, unake anusAra AtmA hai yA nahIM? agara hai to bhI jAnane se kyA lAbha ? dUsare zabdoM meM, inake mata se ajJAna hI zreyaskara hai| ajJAnavAda kA AdhAra- ajJAnavAdiyoM ke mukhya tIna tarka hai jinake AdhAra para ve ajJAna ko zreyaskara mAnate hai| 1. manuSya acchAI - burAI donoM ko jAnatA hai| jAnate hue bhI burAI ko chor3a nahIM sakatA, acchAI apanAne meM sakSama nahIM hotaa| isa manovRtti ne nirAzA ko janma diyaa| ata : yaha cintana ubharA ki usa jJAna kI kyA upayogitA jo burAI se mukta nahIM krtaa| kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 13

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2.satya vahI hai jo indriya gamya hai| atIndriya jJAna hai to pramANa kyA ? usakA sAkSAt karane vAlA kauna ? sAkSAtadRSTA hai yA nahIM, kaise vizvAsa kareM ? isIliye atIndriya jJAna kI carcA vyartha hai| indriya gamya satya ke dvArA hI jIvana kI sArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna aura duHkha mukti saMbhava hai| 3. kucha logoM ke abhimata se prApta ko chor3akara aprApta ke liye prayAsa ucita nahIM hai| bhUta-bhaviSya kI upekSA kara kevala vartamAna kI samIkSA meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| jIne ke liye indriya jJAna hI paryApta hai| ajJAnavAda ke phalita __1. jJAna-unmAda, vAda-vivAda, saMgharSa, kalaha aura ahaMkAra Adi kI prasava ___ bhUmi hai| 2. ajJAna aparAdha se bacane kA sarala upAya hai| 3. ajJAna ke kAraNa mana meM rAgAdi bhAvoM kA udbhava nahIM hotaa| 4. alpajJAnI sarvajJa kI pahacAna nahIM kara sktaa| 5. saMsAra meM aneka darzana haiM, unameM svayaM meM paraspara virodha hone se satya kA nirNaya ... nahIM kara paate| 6. mukti - prApti kA sAdhana ajJAna hI hai| ajJAnavAdI dArzanika ajJAnavAdiyoM ne jJAna ke astitva ko nakAra kara samasta vastujagat kA apalApa kiyA hai| inakA jJAna pallavagrAhI hai, AtmAnubhUti janya nahIM ajJAnavAdI AcAryoM ke nAma nimnAnusAra haiM- 1. zAkalya 2. vAlkala 3. kuthumi 4. sAtyamuni 5. nArAyaNa (rANAyana) 6. kATha (kaNva) 7. mAdhyaMdina 8. mauda 9. paippalAda 10. bAdarAyaNa 11. abaSThikRd (sveSTakRd, sviSTikRta) 12. aurikAyana 13. vasu 14. jaiminii| 1. zAkalya pANini ne aSTAdhyAyI meM zAkalya kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahArAja janaka kI sabhA meM yAjJavalkya kA RSiyoM ke sAtha jo mahAna saMvAda huA, usakA varNana zatapatha kANDa meM hai|61 una RSiyoM meM eka vidagdha zAkalya kA nAma haiM, jo Rgveda ke prasiddha AcArya hue haiN| inakA pUrA nAma 'devamitra zAkalya' thaa|62 14 * ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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2. vASkala kahIM vAlkala yA valkala nAma bhI milatA hai jo azuddha pratIta hotA hai| siddhasenagaNI kI tattvArtha TIkA meM vASkala nAma hI milatA hai| yahI nAma zuddha lagatA hai| vASkala Rgveda kA mahattvapUrNa caraNa thaa| zAkaloM aura vASkaloM kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha bhI dekhA jAtA hai| 'caraNa' eka prakAra kI zikSA saMsthA thI jisameM veda kI eka zAkhA kA adhyayana ziSya samudAya karatA thaa| unameM eka ziSya ne pArAzarya zAkhA kA AraMbha kiyaa| pArAzarya logoM kI koI svataMtra zAkhA yA chaMda graMtha nahIM thA isaliye ve vASkala zAkhA para nirbhara the| saMbhavata: akalaMka ne vASkala caraNa ke saMsthApaka RSi kA hI nAma ajJAnavAdiyoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai|64 3. kuthumi sAmaveda kI eka zAkhA kA nAma kuthumi hai| vAyu purANa meM dvaipAyana se pUrva ke pratyeka dvApara ke aMta meM hone vAle 27 vyAsoM ke nAma aMkita hai|65 unameM 19 vAM vyAsa bhAradvAja thaa| hiraNyanAbha, kausalya, logAkSi aura kuthumi bhAradvAja ke samakAlIna the| lagatA hai, sAmavedAcArya kuthumi kA hI nirdeza ajJAnavAdiyoM meM kiyA hai|66 4. sAtyamuni ___ pANini ne sAmaveda ke anya caraNoM meM zaucivRkSi aura sAtyamuni bhI nAma diye haiN| sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya caraNa kI eka zAkhA kA nAma satyamuni thaa| satyamuni zAkhAvAle sandhyakSaroM ko hrasva par3hate the| ajJAnavAdiyoM kI gaNanA meM unakA hI nAma honA caahiye|67 5. nArAyaNa nArAyaNa ke sthAna para rANAyana pATha adhika saMgata lagatA hai, kyoMki siddhasenagaNI kI TIkA meM rANAyana pATha mudrita hai| yaha buddhi-doSa yA lekhakoM ke pramAda ke kAraNa rANAyana kA nArAyana ho gayA lagatA hai| 6. kATha mahAbhArata meM rAjA uparicara vasu ke yajJa kA varNana hai|68 vahAM solaha RtvijoM meM eka nAma kaTha kA bhI hai| use hI Adya kaTha kahA gayA hai| ajJAnavAdI meM unakA nAma hI ho sakatA hai| 7. mAdhyandina zukla yajurveda kI eka zAkhA mAdhyandina hai| saMhitA ke hastalikhita graMthoM meM isa kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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zAkhA ko bahudhA yajurveda yA kAsaneya saMhitA hI kahA gayA hai| isake saMsthApaka mAdhyandina kA ullekha ajJAnavAdiyoM meM milatA hai| 8. mauda aura paippalAda __ ye donoM atharvaveda ke caraNa the| ina donoM caraNoM meM jJAna sA carya thaa| atharvaveda pariziSTa meM mauda kA mata diyA hai| skaMdha purANa ke anusAra pippalAda suprasiddha yAjJavalkya kA hI eka sambandhI thaa| praznopaniSad ke prAraMbha meM likhA hai- bhagavAna pippalAda ke pAsa sukezA bhAradvAja Adi chaha RSi gaye the| pippalAda mahAvidvAna aura samayajJa puruSa the| 9. bAdarAyaNa matsya purANa ke anusAra - vedavyAsa kA eka nAma bAdarAyaNa bhI thaa|1 jaiminI sUtroM meM bhI bAdarAyaNa kA nirdeza hai|2 eka bAdarAyaNa smRtikAra bhI hue haiN| ajJAnavAdiyoM ke antargata akalaMka ne saMbhavata: sUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 10. ambaSThikRd aura aurikAyana ____ bAdarAyaNa ke pazcAt tattvArthavArtika meM pradatta do nAmoM ko lekara pAThAntara milate haiN| yathA- 'ambaSThikRdau vikAyanI ambaSThi kRdailikAyana, ambarIza daitikaayn'| siddhasenagaNI kI tattvArtha bhASyAnusAra TIkA meM sviSThikRd anikAtyAyana mudrita hai|74 dhavalA TIkA meM 'sveSThakRdaitikAyana' nAma diye gaye hai| 5 aMgirAkula ke maMtradRSTAoM meM ambarIza eka maMtradRSTA huA hai| ambarIza prAcIna rAjA thaa| mahAbhArata aura kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM bhI usakA nAmollekha hai|76 11. vasu ___ vyAsamuni ke pAsa Rgveda par3hanevAle ziSya kA nAma paila thaa| mahAbhArata meM prApta ullekha ke anusAra yudhiSThira ke rAjasUya yajJa ke samaya Rtvika karma ke liye vyAsa paila ko sAtha lAye the|7 purANa ke anusAra vyAsa se Rgveda par3hakara paila ne usakI do zAkhAeM sthApita kI thii| unake adhyetA the vASkala aura induprmti| brahmANDapurANa' ke anusAra usa indupramati ke putra vasu aura vasu kA putra upamanyu thaa| 12. jaiminI jaiminI nAma ke kaI vidvAna ho cuke haiN| eka jaiminI vyAsa RSi ke ziSya the|78 mahAbhArata sabhAparva se jJAta hotA hai ki yudhiSThira ke sabhApraveza ke samaya jaiminI upasthita the| 16 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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Adi parva meM ullekha hai ki mahArAjA janamejaya ke nAgayajJa meM jaiminI udgAtA kA kArya karate the| sAma saMhitAkAroM ke lAMgala varga meM bhI eka jaiminI kA nAma AtA hai| mImAMsA darzana ke racayitA bhI jaiminI nAma ke RSi the| ajJAnavAdiyoM meM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai yA anya kisI kA, yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ___ zAstrakAroM ne jJAna-garvonnata ajJAnavAdiyoM kI manovRtti kA vizleSaNa karate hue ajJAna ke duSpariNAmoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaise- piMjare meM Abaddha pakSI use tor3akara bAhara nikalane meM asamartha hai| vaise hI ajJAnavAdI bhI apane matavAda ke ghere se bAhara nikala nahIM skte| pratyuta saMsAra ke jAla meM aura adhika dRr3hatA se baMdha jAte haiN| __ajJAna zreyovAdI kI tulanA mahAvIrayugIna saMjayavelaTThi se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha vAGgamaya meM vivecita unake prasaMga se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| paraloka ke sambandha meM prazna pUchane para saMjayavelaTThi kA uttara thA- Apa prazna pUcha rahe haiN| yadi maiM samajhU ki paraloka hai aura Apako batalAUM, paraloka hai bhI, nahIM bhii| ve isa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga karate the| nizcita uttara kabhI nahIM diyaa| ve kisI bhI prazna kA uttara nizcita bhASA meM denA ucita nahI mAnate the| niSkarSa rUpa meM tattvaviSayaka ajJeyatA athavA anizcitatA hI ajJAnavAda kA AdhAra hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM kI kula 67 zAkhAeM haiM -unakA gaNanAkrama isa prakAra hai jIva-ajIva Adi nau padArthoM kA sat-asat, sadasat, avaktavya, sad avaktavya, asad avaktavya tathA sad-asad avaktavya- ina sAta bhaMgoM se guNA karane para 9x7=63 bheda hote haiN|80 unake atirikta sadbhAvotpatti ko kauna jAnatA hai ? usake jAnane se kyA lAbha ? asat bhAvotpatti ko kauna jAnatA hai ? usake jAnane se kyA lAbha hai ? asadbhAvotpatti ko kauna jAnatA hai? aura usake jAnane se kyA lAbha hai? ye cAra bhaMga aura milAne se 9x7+4 (utpatti ke) 67 mata hote haiN| jIva ajIva puNya pApa Azrava saMvara nirjarA baMdha mokSa satva asatva sadasatva avAcyatva sadavAcyatva asadavAcyatva sadasadavAcyatva kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi

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vinayavAda svarUpa evaM paricaya vinayavAda kA AdhAra vinaya hai| 1 vinayavAdiyoM ke abhimata se kisI bhI sampradAya yA gRhastha kI niMdA nahIM karanI caahiye| saba ke prati vinamratA kA vyavahAra honA caahiye|82 vinaya karanA vinayavAda kA parama lakSya hai| vinaya kisakA kiyA jAye yaha prazna nirarthaka hai| gadhe se lekara gAya taka, caNDAla se lekara brAhmaNa taka, jalacara, sthalacara, khecara, uraparisarpa Adi kisI bhI jAti kA prANI kyoM na ho, sabake prati vinaya honA caahie| cUrNikAra ne niyukti gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM dANAmA, pANAmA, Adi pravrajyAoM ko vinayavAdI btlaayaa|83 bhagavatI meM unakA svarUpa nimnokta prakAra se nirdiSTa hai| tAmralipti nagarI meM tAmalI gAthApati rahatA thaa| usane pANAmA pravrajyA svIkAra kii| pravrajyA ke pazcAt tAmalI jahAM kahIM indra, skaMdha, rudra, ziva, vaizramaNa, durgA, cAmuNDA Adi deviyoM tathA rAjA, Izvara, talavara, mAMDalika, kauTumbika, Ibhya, zreSThI, senApati, sArthavAha, kauoM, kuttA, yA caMDAla ko dekhatA to unheM praNAma krtaa| unheM Upara dekhatA to Upara praNAma karatA aura nIce dekhatA to nIce praNAma krtaa|84 isI prakAra pUraNa gAthApati ne 'dANAmA' pravrajyA svIkAra kI thii| pravrajyA ke bAda vaha cAra puTa vAlA lakar3I kA pAtra lekara 'bebhela' sanniveza nAmaka gAMva meM gayA vahAM jo bhojana pAtra ke pahale puTa meM giratA, use pathikoM ko, jo bhojana dUsare puTa meM giratA, use kauoM aura kuttoM ko de detaa| tIsare puTa kA maccha-kacchoM ko aura cauthe puTa kA bhojana svayaM khAtA thaa|85 vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne bhI vinaya kA artha vinamratA hI kiyA hai jo vimarzanIya hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM vinaya kA artha AcAra adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM AcAra ke artha meM vinaya kA kAphI prayoga huA hai| jJAtA meM jaina dharma ko vinayamUlaka dharma kahA hai| thAvaccAputra ne zukadeva se kahA-mere dharma kA mUla vinaya hai|86 bauddhadarzana meM bhI aisI dRSTi kA pratipAdana hai jo AcAra para adhika bala detI thii| kevala AcAra se zIla-zuddhi mAnane vAle ko vahAM 'zIlatvata parAmAsa' kahA gayA hai| kevala jJAnavAdI aura kevala AcAravAdI, ye donoM paramparAeM usa samaya vidyamAna thiiN| vinamratA AcAra kA hI eka aMga hai| isaliye AcAra meM usakA samAveza ho jAtA hai kintu vinayavAda kA kevala vinamratA artha kiyA jAye to AcAravAda ko usameM samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jJAnavAdI ke mata meM jaise jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai, vaise hI AcAravAdI 18 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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AcAra para bala dete haiN| jJAnavAda aura AcAravAda donoM ekAMgI hone se mithyAdRSTi kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| jIvana eka mukhI nahIM hotA, vaha aneka vRttiyoM, vicAroM, cintanoM evaM kriyAoM kA samavAya hotA hai| use samagrabhAva se samajhA jAye yahI samyagdRSTi hai| ekAMgIdRSTi se satyopalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| vinaya kI apanI upAdeyatA hai para usake sAtha una tattvoM ko mahattva diyA jAnA cAhie jo vinaya ko satyonmukhI banAte haiN| vinayavAdiyoM kI apanI koI vizeSa vezabhUSA yA zAstra nahIM, ve kevala mokSa ko hI jIvana kA sarvopari lakSya mAnate haiN| vinayavAdiyoM kI vicAradhArA ke battIsa prakAra haiN| 1. devatA 2. rAjA 3.yati 4. jJAti 5. sthavira 6.kRpaNa 7. mAtA 8. pitA ucitadAna mana vacana kAyA vinayavAdI dArzanika isa paramparA ke kucha AcArya isa prakAra haiM- (1) vaziSTha (2) pArAzara (3) janukarNi (4) vAlmikI (5) romarSi (6) satyadatta (7) vyAsa (8) elAputra (9) aupamanyava (10) aindradatta (11) aysthuunn| 1.vaziSTha- itihAsa meM vaziSThanAma ke kaI vyakti ho cuke haiN| udAharaNArtha dharmasUtra ke racayitA, yoga vaziSTha, rAmAyaNa ke racayitA aura dasa maharSiyoM meM bhI eka vaziSTha nAma ke vyakti rahe haiN| akalaMka ne kisa vaziSTha ko ullikhita kiyA hai, nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai| tathApi Agama nAmoM ko dekhate hue vaidika RSi vaziSTha kA hI grahaNa saMgata lagatA hai| jinhoMne atharvaveda ke maMtroM kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| 2. pArAzara- vaziSTha kula meM sAta brahmavAdI hue hai| unameM prathama vaziSTha the. dUsare pArAzara / usI pArAzara kA putra kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa thaa| isaliye use pArAzarya bhI kahate the| vaziSTha ke pazcAt pArAzara nAma hI ucita pratIta hotA hai| siddhasenagaNI kI TIkA meM pArAzara nAma pAyA jAtA hai| . 3. janukarNi- purANoM ke AdhAra para vASkala ne cAra saMhitAeM banAkara apane cAra ziSyoM ko par3hAI thii| unameM jAtukarNya bhI eka the| zrImad bhAgavata ke bArahaveM skaMdha ke vedazAkhA prakaraNa meM jAtukarNya ko Rgveda kA AcArya mAnA gayA hai| vAyupurANa ke kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 19

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prathama adhyAya ke anusAra jAtukarNya vaziSTha kA putra thaa| unhIM se vyAsa ne vedAdhyayana kiyA thaa| ata: jAtukarNya pArAzara ke bhAI ho sakate haiN| 4.vAlmikI- rAmAyaNa ke racayitA vAlmikI RSi sarvavidita haiN| 5.romaharSiNI- purANa saMhitAoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM romaharSaNa kA nAma milatA hai| 6.satyadatta-satyakAma jAbAla, satyajJa Adi nAma to milate haiN| kintu satyadatta nAma kI ucita jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| 7.vyAsa- parAzara RSi ke putra mahAbhArata ke racayitA maharSi vyAsa vikhyAta haiN| 8. ailAputra yA ilAputra-prajApati kardama kA putra ila yA ela thaa| vaha vAlIka deza kA rAjA thaa| jaba vaha strI rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA taba usakA nAma ilA yA elA bana gyaa| kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM bhI eka ela nAmaka rAjA kA nirdeza milatA hai nizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki nirdiSTa elAputra vahI hai yA duusraa| 9. aupamanyava- endradatta, ayasthUNa Adi ke bAre meM koI vizeSa vizvasta jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai| akalaMka ne alaga-alaga vAda meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle logoM ke katipaya nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unakA Azaya kyA thA, yaha batalAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| phira bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki akalaMka dvArA nirdiSTa ukta sabhI vicAraka prAya:vaidika haiN| akriyAvAdiyoM meM sAMkhyadarzana ke puraskartA tathA ajJAnavAdiyoM meM brahmasUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa aura pUrvamImAMsA ke pravartaka jaiminI mukhya haiN| bauddhamata ke pravartakoM meM kisI AcArya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina dArzanikoM ke yuga meM bauddhadharma kA prabhAva bhI thaa| apane graMthoM meM unhoMne dharmakIrti Adi kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| saMbhava hai unake dvArA nirdiSTa nAma avazya hI kisI paramparAgata srota se unheM prApta hue hoNge| siddhasenagaNI ne apanI tattvArtha bhASya TIkA ke 8 veM adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM unhIM nAmoM kI carcA kI hai jinakI akalaMka ne kii| saMbhava haiM ve nAma unhoMne bhI akalaMkadeva ke tattvArtha vArtika se hI liye hoN| dRSTivAda meM ina matoM kA nirUpaNa yA nirAkaraNa thA usa saMdarbha meM siddhasena ne apanA mata prakaTa nahIM kiyA, yaha kevala akalaMkadeva ne hI kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA aura AcArya siddhasena kI tatvArtha 20 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA meM bhI kahIM-kahIM kucha parivartana ke sAtha nAma milate hai| lagatA hai unhoMne bhI akalaMkadeva kI sUci ke AdhAra para hI nAma-sUcI saMkalita kI hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA ke atirikta aura kahIM ina nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| digambara sAhitya meM bhI akalaMkadeva se pUrva koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unhoMne kahAM se uddhRta kiyA, yaha pramANa purassara kahanA kaThina hai| cAra samavasaraNa evaM 363 matoM kA nirUpaNa uttarAdhyayana aura sthAnAMga meM bhI prApta hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra cAroM vAda zramaNa aura vaidika donoM paramparA meM the| sUtra kI racanAzailI ke AdhAra para 'ege' zabda vibhinna matavAdoM kA saMketa hai| katipaya zabda prayoga se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai| gauzAlaka, saMjayavelaTThiputta pakudhakAtyAyana Adi zramaNa paramparA ke AcAryoM kA nAmollekha bhI hai| - mahAvIra kA yuga darzana-vAGgamaya ke vikAsa kA yuga thaa| tatkAlIna dArzanika vibhinna paramparAoM se jur3e hue the lekina paramparA kI pratibaddhatA unake nirapekSa cintana ke liye bAdhaka nahIM thii| brAhmaNa paramparA kA pratinidhitva brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM thaa| jaina aura bauddha zramaNa paramparA ke saMvAhaka the| pahalI paramparA meM jJAna kA prAdhAnya thA, dUsarI meM jJAna ke sAtha kriyA kA bhI utanA hI mahattva thaa| jaina darzana udAravAdI darzana hai, anekAntavAdI hai| jaina darzana meM kriyAvAda - AstikyavAda ke artha meM aura akriyAvAda nAstikyavAda ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| yaha sArI carcA pravRtti-nivRtti ko liye hue haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cAroM vAdoM kI samIkSA kara kriyAvAda kI sthApanA kii| isakA artha unakA ekAMgI dRSTikoNa nahIM thaa| isaliye unake darzana ko sApekSa-kriyAvAda kI saMjJA de sakate hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra jainadharma ke pravartaka nahIM, unnAyaka ke rUpa meM jAne jAte hai| pravartaka bhagavAna RSabha the| vaidika aura paurANika donoM sAhitya meM zramaNa dharma ke pravartaka RSabha kA ullekha hai| unakA dharma vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita hotA rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke astitva -kAla meM zramaNoM ke prasiddha cAlIsa sampradAya the unameM pAMca adhikatama prasiddha va prabhAvazAlI the| 1. nigraMtha - bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zAsana 2. zAkya - tathAgata kA zAsana (bauddhadarzana) kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 21

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3. AjIvaka - makkhalI gauzAlaka 4. gairika - tApasa kA zAsana 5. parivrAjaka ___ - sAMkhya zAsana bauddha sAhitya meM zramaNa-sampradAyoM, unake AcAryoM tathA siddhAMtoM kA ullekha hai| 1. akriyAvAda __ - pUraNa kAzyapa 2. niyativAda - makkhalI gauzAlaka 3. ucchedavAda - ajita kezakambalI 4. anyonyavAda . - pakudhakAtyAyana 5. cAturyAma saMvaravAda - nigraMtha jJAtaputra 6. vikSepavAda - saMjayavelaTThi putt| akriyAvAda (pUraNakAzyapa) yaha pUraNakAzyapa kA dArzanika pakSa hai| pakudhakAtyAyana bhI akriyAvAdI thaa| paJcamahAbhUtavAda pakudhakAtyAyana ke dArzanika pakSa kI eka zAkhA hai|91(k) usakA bauddha sAhitya meM vistAra hai|92 pUraNakAzyapa akriyAvAdI AcArya the, usakA mantavya thA ki kisI ne kucha kiyA yA karavAyA, kATA yA kaTavAyA, takalIpha dI yA dilavAI, zoka kiyA yA karavAyA, DarA yA dUsare ko DarAyA, kaSTa sahA yA diyA, hiMsA, Dakaiti, parastrIgamana, asatya saMbhASaNa Adi kucha bhI kiyA use pApa nahIM lagatA, tIkSNa dhAra ke cakra se yadi koI saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko mArakara Dhera lagAde, vaha pApa kA bhAgI nahIM banegA, usI taraha koI gaMgA nadI ke uttara kinAre para jAkara dAna, yajJa, dharma, saMyama, Adi anuSThAna karatA hai to puNya nahIM hogA, anubhavoM se paripUrNa mAnakara loga unheM pUrNa kahate aura ve brAhmaNa the isaliye kAzyapa the ve nagna rahate the| unake assI hajAra anuyAyI the| niyativAda isa mata ke pravartaka AcArya makkhalI gozAlaka the, niyativAdI kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda donoM meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| unake abhimata se prANI ke apavitra hone meM na koI kAraNa hai na koI hetu| binA hetu aura kAraNa ke hI ve apavitra hote hai| isI ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 22

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taraha zuddhi meM bhI koI kAraNa, hetu nahIM hai, bala - vIrya - puruSArtha kucha nahIM hai| niyati se hI zarIrAtmaka saMghAta vividha paryAyoM, viveka (zarIra ke pRthak bhAva) aura vidhAna (vidhi - vipAka) ko prApta hote hai| sabake duHkhoM kA nAza assI lAkha ke mahAkalpoM ke cakra gujara jAne ke bAda hI hotA hai| 94 ucchedavAda 'ajitakeza kambalI' ucchedavAdI paramparA ke pramukha hai| unhoMneM kahA- dAna-yajJa -homa kucha nahIM, bhale-bure karmoM kA vipAka nahIM / na ihaloka hai, na paraloka / cAra bhUtoM samavAya se manuSya banA hai, marane para pRthvI dhAtu pRthvI meM, pAnI dhAtu pAnI meM, tejo dhAtu teja meM, vAyu dhAtu vAyu meM mila jAtA hai| indriya AkAza meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| zarIra hai vahAM taka jIva hai| mRtyu ke bAda kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rhtaa| unakA abhimata hai ki AtmA anya hai - yaha mAnyatA isaliye sahI nahIM ki isa prakAra dekhA nahIM jaataa| koI vyakti myAna se talavAra, mAMsa se haDDI, dahI se navanIta, tiloM se tela, Ikha se rasa, araNa se Aga alaga nikAla kara dikhA nahIM sakatA hai vaise hI AtmA zarIra se alaga dikhAI nahIM jAtI isaliye AtmA kA alaga astitva nahIM hai| kezoM kA kambala dhAraNa karane se unheM ajita keza kambalI nAma se abhihita karate the| 5 anyonyavAda pakudhakAtyAyana kA kahanA thA - pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, sukha-duHkha, aura jIva ye sAtoM padArtha na kisI ne kiye, na krvaaye| ve kUTastha tathA khambhe ke samAna acala haiN| ve hilate nahIM, badalate nahIM, Apasa meM kaSTadAyaka nahIM hote aura eka dUsare ko sukhaduHkha dene meM asamartha haiM, unheM mArane vAlA, mAra khAne vAlA, sunAne vAlA, sunane vAlA, kahane vAlA, jAnane vAlA, janAnevAlA koI nhiiN| jo tejazastroM se dUsare se, dUsare ke sira kaTavAtA hai, vaha khUna nahIM karatA, sirpha usakA zastra ina sAta padArthoM ke avakAza (rikta sthAna) meM ghusatA hai, itanA hI hai / " 96 vikSepavAda usake pravaktA AcArya saMjayavelaTThi putra the, unakA kahanA thA paraloka hai yA nahIM, maiM nahIM smjhtaa| acche-bure karmoM kA phala milatA hai yA nahIM milatA hai| vaha rahatA hai yA nahIM rahatA hai| tathAgata mRtyu ke bAda rahatA hai yA nahIM rahatA, maiM nahIM smjhtaa| use vikSepavAda kahate hai / ye AcArya apane Apako tIrthaMkara ghoSita karate the, unake sahasroM kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi - 23

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anuyAyI the| unakI mAnyatAoM kA vizada rUpa sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai aura paNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne bhI vistAra se likhA hai| sArAMza isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya pracalita prasiddha vibhinna matoM kA - kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vinayavAda ina cAra vAdoM meM samAhAra kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra ne asti-nAsti ke AdhAra para kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| astivAda kA kriyAvAda, nAstikavAda kA akriyAvAda nAmakaraNa kyoM huA ? isa para kisI TIkAkAra ne prakAza nahIM ddaalaa| kintu isakA saMvAdI pramANa hai jo nimnokta atthi tti kiriyAvAdI, vayaMti Natthi tti akiriyavAdI y| aNNANI aNNANaM, viNaittA venniyvaadii||7. kriyA - akriyA loka - aloka jIva - ajIva siddhi - asiddhi puNya - pApa zAzvata - azAzvata Azrava - saMvara gati - Agati baMdha - mokSa sukRta - duSkRta vedanA - nirjarA ihaloka - paraloka ina tathyoM meM sApekSa yA nirapekSa rUpa se vizvAsa karate hai, ve kriyAvAdI haiN| inakA astitva nahIM mAnane vAle akriyAvAdI haiN| samyag dRSTi kriyAvAdI hote haiM ata: kriyAoM ke prakAra evaM svarUpa hamAre zodha kA vivecya viSaya haiN| jaina muni ke liye eka saMkalpa kA vidhAna hai jo pratidina kiyA jAtA hai- 'akiriyaM pariyANAmi, kiriyaM uvasaMpajjAmi-98 maiM akriyA kA parityAga karatA hUM aura kriyA kI upasaMpadA svIkAra karatA hUM __kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda kA siddhAMta prAcIna hai| ye do vicAradhArAeM mAnava ke vicAra aura AcAra pakSa ko prabhAvita karatI rahI hai| kevala dArzanika dRSTikoNa hI nahIM, kintu vaiyaktika jIvana se lekara sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura dhArmika jIvana kI nIMva bhI inhIM para khar3I hai| kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI donoM kA jIvana-patha samAna nahIM ho sktaa| kriyAvAdI ke pratyeka kArya meM Atma-zuddhi pramukha haiN| akriyAvAdI kA dRSTikoNa vaisA nahIM hai, vaha bhogonmukha hai| Aja kI bhASA meM kriyAvAda ko avacetanavAda yA karmavAda ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 24

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tathA akriyAvAda ko paristhitivAda kahA jA sakatA hai| hamAre sAmane do dRSTikoNa hai| pahalA dRSTikoNa hai ki jIvana meM jo kucha ghaTita ho rahA hai usakA nimitta bAhya kAraNa hai paristhiti hai| jaisI paristhiti hai manuSya kA AcaraNa evaM vyavahAra tadanurUpa bana jAtA hai| dUsare dRSTikoNa se usakA kAraNa bAhya nhiiN| bhItarI kAraNa hai, vaha hai kriyAtmaka cintn| jaba taka manovijJAna vikAsa meM nahIM AyA taba taka sArA doSa bAhya kAraNoM ko diyA jAtA thaa| vijJAna ke kSetra meM Adhunika manovijJAna ne naye dvAra kA udghATana kiyaa| usake anusAra jIvana kI samagra vyAkhyA avacetana mana ke AdhAra para kI jAne lgii| isa prakAra karmavAda athavA kriyAvAda kA siddhAMta manovijJAna ke kSetra meM mAnya ho cukA hai| saMdarbha sUci 1. dIrghanikAya bhAga 1, brahmajAla sUta 2. zvetAzvetara upaniSad ; 1/2, 6/1 3. maitrAyaNI bhUmikA; 22 4. gommaTasAra 2 (karmakANDa); gA. 877-888 pR. 1238-1243 5. AcarAMga vRtti; 1/1/1/4 6. sthAnAMga vRtti; 4/4/345 7. pravacanasAroddhAra; 1/88 8. gommaTasAra; 787 9. bhagavatI; 30/1 10. sUyagaDo; 1/12/1 cattAri samosaraNANi, pAvAduyA jAI puDho vayaMti / kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaMti taiyaM aNNANaM mAhaMsu cautthameva / / 11. sUtrakRtAMga; 1/6/27 12. sthAnAMga; 4/530 13. bhagavatI; 30/1/824 14. kaSAya pAhuDa,bhAga.1 ; pR.134 15. haribhadrIyA TIkA patra; 8/6-2 16. uttarAdhyayana TIkA; 18/23 17. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti ; gA. 111-112 18. pravacana sAroddhAra; uttara bhAga, 344/1 19. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti; gA. 112, asiyasayaM kiriyANaM, akkiriyANaM ca hoi culsiitii| aNNANiya sattaTThI, veNaDyANaM ca battIsA // kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 25

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20. kaSAya pAhuDa, jaya dhavalA, pR. 134 21. sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMka vRtti, patrAMka 222-223 kA sArAMza 22. dazAzruta skandha; 6/7 ahiyavAI, Ahiya-paNe, Ahiya-diTThI sammAvAdI nIyAvAdI saMti prlokvaadii..| 23. sUyagar3o, bhAga 1; 12/20-21 attA jo jAi jo ya loga, jo Agati jANai'NAgatiM c| jo sAsa jANa asAsayaM jANa asAsayaM ca jAti maraNaM ca cayaNovavAtaM | 201 24. (ka) tattvArthavArtika; 8 / 1 (kha) SaDdarzana samuccaya ; pR. 13 25. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gA; 112 91. (ka) sUyagaDo dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 1/23-26 26. Jacobi Herman, Jain Sutras, Part II, 1980 Introduction P. XXV 27. Sikdar, J. C. Studies in Bhagawati Sutra 28. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR.254 29. pANinI kRta vyAkaraNa; sU 4/181 30. (ka) pANinI bhASya, pR. 321 (kha) pANinI vyAkaraNa; sU. 4-1-104 31. dhavalA TIkA; pu. 1 pR. 107 32. tattvArtha bhASya TIkA; pR. 61 33. bRhadAraNyaka; 3-7-1, 6-3-1 34. tattvArtha TIkA bhAga 2; pR. 55 35. hemAdri siddha kalpa; pR. 75 36. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA, pR. 226 37. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti ; gA. 118 38. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 256 39. sUyagaDaM suttaM (muni jaMbu vijaya bambaI 1978, prastAvanA pR. 10 TippaNa saMkhyA 3) 40. dazAzrutaskaMdha; 6/3 akiriyAvAdI yAvi bhavati nAhiyavAdI nAhiyapaNNe nAhiyavadiTThI, no sammAvAdI, no nitiyAvAdI, na saMti - paralokavAdI, .... / 26 41. dazAzrutaskaMdha; 6/6 42. sthAnAMga; 8/22 43. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga; 1/1/9, 1/1/64-67,2/1/32 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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44. (ka) vahI ; 1/3/66, 1/1/11-12, 2/1/13-22 (kha) nayopadeza; zloka 126, dharmyaMze nAstiko hyeko, bArhaspatyaH prakIrtitaH / dharmAM nAstikA jJeyA; sarve'pi paratIrthikAH // 45. syAdvAdamaMjarI; zloka 4 46. syAdvAdamaMjarI; zloka 4 47. nyAyasUtra; 4/1/19-21 48. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra, 404 49. sUtrakRtAMga; 3/4/6 50. sAMkhya kArikA; 9 51. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti ; gA. 112 52. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 206 53. tattvArthavArtika bhAga 2; 8/1 pR.562 54. mahApurANa parva; 18/61-62 55. hariTeja oNpha iNDiyA dI sAMkhya sisTama, uddhRta-pUrva pIThikA, pR. 319 56. (ka) tattvArtha bhASya TIkA prastAvanA; pR. 58 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 207 te tu jadhA paMcamahAbhUtiyA catuSbhUtiyA khaMdhamettiyA suNNavAdiNo logAyatigA iccAdi akiriyAvAdiNo / 57. sUtrakRtAMga;. gA.111 58. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 207 59. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti, patra; 35 60. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti, patra, 217 61. zatapatha kANDa; 11-14 62. vaidika vAGgamaya kA itihAsa, uddhRta jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, pR. 320 63. tattvArtha TIkA; bhA. 2 pR. 123 64. pANinI bhASya; pR. 315 65. vAyu purANa, adhyAya; 23 66. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA ; pR. 70 67. (ka) pANinI; 4-1-81 (kha) pANinI bhASya; pR. 320 68. mahAbhArata, zAMti parva; adhyAya 344 69. vai.vA.bhA.1; pR. 220 70. atharvaveda pariziSTa; 22-3 71. matsya purANa; 14-16 kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 27

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72. jaiminI sUtra; 1/1/3,5/2/9 73. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrvapIThikA; pR. 714 74. tattvArtha bhASya TIkA, bhA. 2; pR. 123 75. dhavalA TIkA, pu. 1 ; pR. 108 76. kauTilya arthazAstra ; 1-6 77. mahAbhArata sabhAparva ; a. 36 78. (ka) mahAbhArata Adiparva ; a. 64 79. suttapiTaka, dIgha nikAya, sAmaJJasutta ; pR. 41-53 80. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 206 ajJAnikavAdimataM navajIvAdIn sadAdi saptavidhAn / bhAvotpattiH sadasad dvaitA'vAcyaM ca ko vetti ? // 81. sUtrakRtAMga niryukti.gA. 111, ... viNaittA veNaivAdI 82. vaha gA. 111, cUrNi; pR. 206, veNaivAdiNo bhAMti - Na kassa Ni pAsaMDassa gihatthassa kA NiMdA kAyavvA, , savvasseva viNIya viNayeNa hotavvaM / / 83. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga niryukti; gA. 113 cUrNi pR. 206 veNaiyavAdINaM battIsA dANAmA - paNAmAdi pravrajyAdi / (kha) sUyagaDo; 1/12/1, sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR.207 veNayA tu dANA-pANAmAdIyA kupAsaMDA / 84. bhagavaI ; 3/34 85. vahI; 3/102 86. nAyAdhamma kahAo - 1/5/59 87. dhammasaMgaNi; pR. 277 88. (ka) sthAnAMga; 4/ 530, uttarAdhyayana; 18 / 23 89. sUyagaDo, 1/12/21 90. uddhRta bhagavatI bhASya pR. 1911 91. dIghanikAya; 1/2, pR. 24 92. (ka) dIghanikAya; 1/2/4/17 (kha) sUyagaDo dvitIya; 1/23-26 93. sUyagaDo; 1/13-14 Ti. pR. 25 94. sUyagaDo; 1 /28-40 95. sUyagaDo dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 13-22 96. sUyagaDo; 2/1/27, ThANAMga, 3 / 337 97. su.zru-1 a. 12 gA. 118 98. Avazyaka sUtra; 4 28 (ka) sUyagaDo dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 1/23-26 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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dvitIya adhyAya kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa jIvana kI gutthiyAM AsAna nahIM hai| bindu tathA rekhA se prAraMbha honevAlA jIvana kA gaNita kaI AkRtiyoM kA sRjana aura bhaMjana karate hue viziSTa samIkaraNoM ke nirmANa meM juTa jAtA hai| aise samIkaraNoM kA astitva ubharakara sAmane AtA hai jisameM antarnihita pratyeka pada apanI svataMtra sattA kI sthApanA se hI saMtuSTa hai| jIvana kI niyati cetanA hai| kintu yahI jIvana kI cetanA cintana kI pagaDaMDiyoM se bhaTaka kara saMvegoM ke cakravyUha meM phaMsa jAtI hai| saMvegoM kA utsa karma hai| karmavAda para bhAratIya tattva ciMtakoM ne gaharAI se cintana, manana aura maMthana kiyA hai| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kA sahaja svarUpa zuddha hai| usakI vaibhAvika pariNati meM mukhya hetu karma hai| karma kA mUla hetu kriyA hai| kriyA kyA hai ? vaha AtmA ke sAtha kaise sambandha sthApita karatI hai ? ina praznoM kA samAdhAna apekSita hai| aura usI kA prayAsa yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai| kriyA kA artha evaM paribhASA "bhAve karaNAdau sUtra se kRz + TAp pratyaya kA yoga hone para 'kriyA' zabda kI siddhi hotI hai| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi meM kriyA, karma, parispaMda aura karmabaMdha- ye ekArthaka mAne gaye haiN| Arambho niSkRtiH zikSA pUjanaM smprdhaarnnm| upAyaH karmaceSTA ca cikitsA ca nava kriyA kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 29

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AgamoM meM kriyA kI paribhASA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| TIkAkAra, vRttikAra evaM cUrNikAra ke anusAra kriyA kI paribhASAeM nimnAnusAra haiM- AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra kriyA sad-asad anuSThAna rUpa hotI hai| kriyA kA artha hai parispandana, kNpn| usase viparIta akriyA hotI hai| abhayadeva sUri, prajJApanA ke vRttikAra tathA malayagiri ke anusAra kriyA athavA karanA mAtra kriyA hai| vizeSa rUpa se karmabaMdhana kI hetubhUta ceSTA hI kriyA hai| 'karmAkarSaka AtmapariNAma : aashrv|' ke anusAra karmabaMdha kA mUla hetu mithyAtva Adi pariNAma hai| inameM se eka hai- 'kriyA pravRtti ke artha meM prayukta kriyA to kevala yoga Azrava hai| jabaki 'kriyA' rUpa meM AtmapariNAma Azrava kA svataMtra prakAra hai| Azrava ke 42 bhedoM meM indriya (5), avrata (5), kaSAya (4), yoga (3) tathA kriyA (25) kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki 25 kriyAeM Azrava kA svataMtra bheda hai, yoga ke bheda nahIM hai| 'zAMta sudhArasa' meM bhI kahA gayA- 'indriyaavrtkssaayyogjaa..|' pAMca AzravoMmithyAtva, avrata, prakAra, kaSAya, yoga meM kevala yoga hI pravRtti' rUpa hai| yadi kriyA ko pravRtti mAnA jAe to vaha yoga Azrava ke antargata hogii| kintu pariNAma rUpa hone se mithyAtva, Azrava, pramAda aura kaSAya ke antargata hI haiM, yoga ke antargata nhiiN|' vyakti jaisI kriyA karatA hai tadanurUpa hI karma baMdha hotA hai| karmaphala bhI tathArUpa hotA hai| karma-phala se bacane ke liye karmabaMdha se bacanA anivArya hai aura karma-baMdha se bacane ke lie kriyAoM se dUra rahanA anivArya hai| ___ Agama sAhitya meM bahuta bar3A bhAga kriyAoM kI carcA se parivyApta hai| pratipAdana kI zailI kahIM saMkSipta hai, kahIM vistRt| kahIM nizcaya dRSTi kA prayoga hai, kahIM vyavahAra dRSTi kaa| karma ke zubhAzubha vikalpoM, usake pariNamana kI vicitratA ko samajhane ke lie kriyA kA vistRta vivecana apekSita hai| jaina darzana ke tIna AdhAra staMbha hai-AtmavAda, kriyAvAda aura krmvaad| svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika kriyA ____ AtmA eka dravya hai, 'arthakriyAkAritvam', yaha dravya kA lakSaNa hai| jisakI sattA hai, vaha nizcita arthakriyA karatA hai| arthakriyA ke abhAva meM astitva nhiiN| tarka zAstra ke anusAra AkAza kusuma, vandhyA-putra, turaMga-zrRMga, zaza-zrRMga Adi anastitva ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 30

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ke sUcaka haiN| kyoMki unakI koI kriyA upalabdha nahIM hai| kriyA hI astitva kI abhivyakti hai| kriyA do prakAra kI hai- honA aura krnaa| honA bhI kriyA hai, karanA bhI kriyA hai| honA (Being) svAbhAvika kriyA hai| karanA (Becoming) vaibhAvika kriyA hai| kyoMki karane meM eka kartA (Subject) hai, eka kArya (Object) hai| kevala karttAbhAva meM svAbhAvika kriyA hai| karma-saMyoga se hone vAlI vaibhAvika kriyA hai| hamArI koI bhI vaibhAvika kriyA aisI nahIM hotI jahAM baMdhana na ho| donoM meM avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| tarkazAstra meM - 'yatra-yatra dhUmastatra-tatra vahni:' jahAM jahAM dhuAM hai, vahAM vahAM agni hai, yaha nizcita vyApti hai, para vaha eka taraphA hai| kyoMki dhuAM hai vahAM agni avazyaMbhAvI hai, agni hai vahAM dhuAM hogA- nizcita niyama nahIM, isameM vikalpa kI saMbhAvanA hai| pravRtti evaM baMdhana meM doharI vyApti hai| pravRtti hai, vahAM baMdhana hai, baMdhana hai, vahAM pravRtti hai| pravRtti ke pIche preraka tatva hai- raag-dvess| inase hI karmoM kA AzravaNa hotA hai| sRSTi ke mUlabhUta tattva chaha haiM- dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jiiv| unameM prathama tIna niSkriya haiN| niSkriyatA kA Azaya kriyAhInatA nahIM balki dezAntara prApti rUpa gati se hai| ve jahAM hai, vahIM avasthita hai| sva-svarUpa meM pariNamana bhI karate haiN| jIva aura pudgala donoM sakriya haiN| kAla-sakriyatA meM sahacArI hai| jIva meM parispaMdanA aura aparispaMdanA rUpa donoM prakAra kI kriyA hotI haiN| kriyA aura pariNAma kriyA ke do prakAra haiM-jIva kriyA aura ajIva kriyaa| jIva apane adhyavasAyoM, pariNAmoM se jo kriyA kare vaha jIva kriyA hai| jIva jisase pudgala pracaya ko karma rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai use ajIva kriyA kahate haiN| jIva kriyA aura ajIva kriyA- ye donoM kriyA ke sAmAnya prakAra hai| isameM sUtrakAra kA Azaya yaha hai ki kriyAkAritva jIva aura ajIva kA samAna dharma hai| yahAM vahI ajIva kriyA vivakSita hai jo jIva ke nimitta se ajIva (pudgala) kA karma ke rUpa meM pariNamana rUpa hai| jIva kriyA ke do bheda haiM- samyaktva kriyA aura mithyAtva kriyaa| abhayadeva sUri ne samyaktva kriyA kA artha tattva meM zraddhA karanA aura mithyAtva kriyA kA artha atattva meM zraddhA karanA kiyA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne samyaktvavardhinI pravRtti ko samyaktva - (Urges that lead to enlightened world view) aura mithyAtvahetuka pravRtti kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 31

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ko mithyAtva kriyA (Urges that lead to deluded world view) kahA hai|' ajIva kriyA ke antargata aipithikI aura sAMparAyikI ko liyA hai| 'IryApatha' zabda kA prayoga jaina aura bauddha donoM ke sAhitya meM milatA hai| bauddha piTakoM meM kAyAnupazyanA ke artha meM IryApatha kA prayoga huA hai| kriyA kA niyama 'gautama ne mahAvIra se pUchA-bhaMte ! anyatIrthika eka samaya meM do kriyAeM mAnate haiN| jisa samaya jIva samyak kriyA karatA hai, usI samaya mithyA kriyA bhI karatA hai- yaha kaise ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! jo aisA kahate haiM, vaha mithyA hai| samyak aura mithyA- ina donoM kriyAoM kA eka sAtha honA saMbhava nahIM hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kA vyApAra eka samaya meM eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai|' utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra aura parAkrama bhI eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai| samyaktva aura mithyAtva donoM virodhI kriyAeM haiM, eka sAtha kaise hogI ? jIvA jIvAbhigama sUtra isI siddhAMta kI puSTi karatA hai ki eka samaya meM do kriyAeM nahIM kI jA sktii| isI prakAra airyApathikI aura sAMparAyikI kriyA bhI eka sAtha nahIM hotii| sakaSAyI ke sAmparAyika kriyA hotI hai, akaSAyI ke airyaapthik| eka akaSAyodaya se utpanna hai dUsarI kaSAyodaya se, isaliye donoM sAtha nahIM hotii| eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA karatA hai| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra eka samaya meM do kriyAeM saMbhava nahIM hai| kucha dArzanika do kriyAoM kA eka sAtha honA mAnate hai| bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra bhagavatI sUtra meM unakA nAma nirdeza nahIM hai kintu prakaraNa kI dRSTi se yaha mAnyatA kisI zramaNa-sampradAya kI pratIta hotI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM AjIvaka mata kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai|10 mahAvIra aura buddha ke yuga meM yaha mata kAphI prabhAvazAlI aura vyApaka rahA hai| vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdi taka usakA astitva samApta prAya: ho gyaa| Aja usa paramparA kA sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai kintu jaina aura bauddha paramparA ke sAhitya meM Aja bhI tatsambandhI sAmagrI mila jAtI hai| AcArya dhanagupta ke ziSya gaMgamuni ne bhI dvaikriyavAda kI sthApanA kI, jo pAMcaveM nihnava khlaaeN| 32 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kriyA : nayadRSTi vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| zabda zakti kI sImA hai| ataH ananta dharmoM kI abhivyakti saMbhava nhiiN| yaha eka samasyA hai| naya siddhAMta usakA samAdhAna hai| naya sAta haiM- 1 naigama, 2 saMgraha, 3 vyavahAra, 4 RjusUtra, 5 zabda, 6 samabhirUr3ha, 7 evNbhuut| naya AdhAra para kriyA kA vivecana isa prakAra hai- sabhI saMsArI jIva sakriya haiN| yaha naigama aura saMgraha naya kA abhimata hai| zarIra prApti ke pazcAt kriyA hotI hai, yaha vyavahAra naya hai| kriyA athavA pravRtti meM mukhya rUpa se vIrya kA pariNamana hotA hai, yaha RjusUtra kA abhimata hai / zabdanaya kI dRSTi se vicAra kare to vIrya AtmA kI parispaMdana rUpa kriyA hai| samabhirur3ha se sAdhanA ke anurUpa sarva kartavya karanA- kriyA hai, jIva parispaMdana kI sahAyatA se jo guNa - pariNamana hotA hai, vaha kriyA evaMbhUtanaya kI apekSA se hai| kriyA aura nikSepa nikSepa niyuktikAlIna vyAkhyA paddhati kA mukhya aMga hai| yaha jaina paramparA kI maulika avadhAraNA hai, dravya ke ananta paryAya hai| ananta paryAyoM ko samajhane ke liye eka zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| phalata: vivakSita artha-bodha nahIM hotaa| ulajhana khar3I hotI hai| nirAkaraNa ke liye nikSepa paddhati kA AviSkAra huaa| aprastuta artha kA nirAkaraNa aura prastuta artha kA bodha nikSepa dvArA hotA hai| nikSepa paddhati kA zabdamImAMsA meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| niyuktikAra ne nikSepa paddhati se kriyA kA vivecana karate hue nAma aura sthApanA kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| dravya aura bhAva ke saMdarbha meM apanA abhimata prastuta kiyA hai| dravya kI apekSA jIva aura ajIva kI parispaMdana rUpa kriyA dravya kriyA hai| jisa kriyA karma baMdha hotA hai, vaha bhAva kriyA hai / dravya kriyA ke prAyogika aura vaisrasika-do bheda haiM, bhAva kriyA ke prayoga kriyA, upAya kriyA, karaNIya kriyA, samudAna kriyA, airyApathika kriyA, samyaktva kriyA, mithyAtva kriyA Adi aneka bheda hai| kriyA ke prakAra AgamoM meM kriyA ke samasta bhedoM kA eka sthAna para ullekha nahIM milatA hai| saMkSepa meM usake do prakAra haiM- jIva kriyA, ajIva kriyA / vistAra meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta skaMdha meM dasa, sUtrakRtAMga meM teraha tathA samavAyAMga meM kriyA, akriyA ke eka-eka bheda kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 33

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kA ullekha milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM 1,2,3 tathA 5, 5 bheda karake pAMca paMcaka upalabdha haiN| bhagavatI, prajJApanA meM 'kAiyA, AraMbhiyA' aise do paMcakoM kA varNana hai tathA bhagavatI aura prajJApanA meM aThAraha pApasthAnoM kA bhI kriyA ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra kriyA ke tIna vargIkaraNa kiye jA sakate haiM1. dasa aura teraha kriyAoM kA ullekha AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, samavAyAMga va Avazyaka sUtra meM upalabdha hai| 2. ThANAMga sUtra meM hai mukhya - gauNa bheda se bahattara (72) kriyAoM kA nirdeza 3. tattvArthasUtra meM paccIsa kriyAoM kA pratipAdana hai|12 prathama vargIkaraNa zramaNa sAdhanA meM nirantara jAgarUka hotA hai| phira bhI kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza sAdhvAcAra kA atikramaNa ho jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM AcArAMga meM 10 kriyAoM kA nAmollekha hai- (1) kAlAtikrAnta kriyA (2) upasthAna kriyA (3) abhikrAnta kriyA (4) anabhikrAnta kriyA (5) varNya kriyA (6) sAvadha kriyA (7) mahAsAvadya kriyA (8) alpasAvadya kriyA (9) parakriyA (10) anyonya kriyaa| kAlAtikrAnta dharmazAlA, ArAmagRha, maTha, Azrama, upAzraya, bagIcA Adi meM sAdhu - sAdhvI Rtubaddha zItoSNakAla meM mAsakalpa tathA varSAvAsa vyatIta karane ke bAda binA prayojana punaHpunaH vahAM Akara rahate haiM to kAlAtikrAMta kriyA lagatI hai|13 upasthAna kriyA jisa sthAna para mAsa kalpa yA varSAvAsa vyatIta kiyA usI sthAna para anyatra vihAra kiye binA do-tIna mAsa yA caturmAsa prayojana rahanA upasthAna kriyA hai| 14 abhikrAMta kriyA sAdhu ke AcAra-vyavahAra se anabhijJa zraddhAlu jana anya matAvalambI, zAkyAdi bhikSuoM, brAhmaNa-atithi, bhikhArI Adi ke uddezya se tathA apane vyavasAya yA parivAra ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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ke uddezya se dharmazAlA Adi banAte hai, unameM zAkyAdi bhikSu Thahare hue hoM athavA gRhastha apane kAma meM le rahA ho,vahAM koI sAdhu ThaharatA hai to abhikrAMta kriyA lagatI hai|15 anabhikrAMta kriyA - kaI zraddhAlu ajJAnavaza zramaNa-brAhmaNa Adi ke liye bhavana Adi kA nirmANa karAte haiN| una sthAnoM meM zramaNa Adi nahIM Thahare hoM, kAma meM nahIM liyA ho, phira bhI sAdhu unameM Akara rahe to anabhikrAMta kriyA lagatI hai|16 varNya kriyA ____ kaI zraddhAlu sAdhu ke AcAra se paricita hote haiM ki saMyata, saMvRta, saMyamI apane liye nirmita bhavana Adi meM nahIM Thaharate haiN| AdhAkarmika doSa yukta upAzraya kAma meM nahIM lete hai| ataH apane liye nirmita vizAla makAna unheM yaha socakara de ki hama apane liye dUsarA makAna banavA legeN| aise makAna meM sAdhu ThaharatA hai to varNya kriyA kA doSa lagatA hai|17 sAvadha kriyA kaI ajJAna vaza zramaNa - brAhmaNa Adi ke rahane ke liye alaga-alaga sAmudAnika bhavana kA nirmANa karavAte haiN| isa tathya kI avagati pAkara bhI yadi sAdhu usa bhavana meM rahatA hai to sAvadha kriyA lagatI hai|18 mahAsAvadha kriyA kaI zraddhAlu kisI eka zramaNa ko lakSita kara makAna Adi banavAtA hai| tadartha SaTjIvanikAya kA mahAna AraMbha-samAraMbha karatA hai| kyoMki sAdhu ke nimitta vizeSa kriyAeM-lipAI-potAI, zItala jala kA chir3akAva, dvAra r3hakanA, agni prajvalita karanA ityAdi karavAtA hai| aise sthAna para rahane se sAdhu kI mahAsAvadha kriyA lagatI hai| alpasAvadha kriyA gRhastha ne apane liye mahAn AraMbha-samAraMbha karake bhavana Adi kA nirmANa karavAyA, lipAI Adi vizeSa kriyAeM bhI kii| usa makAna meM rahane se sAdhu ko alpa kriyA lagatI hai, kyoMki vaha gRhastha ke liye nirmita hai| alpa zabda kA artha yahAM abhAvavAcI hai arthAt aise makAna meM rahane se sAdhu ko koI pApa nahIM lagatA hai| 20 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 35

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parakriyA para arthAt gRhastha ke dvArA muni ke liye kI jAnevAlI kriyA, ceSTA, vyApAra, karma, parakriyA kahalAtI hai| kisI anya vyakti dvArA bhikSu ke zarIra sambandhI kriyA karanA parakriyA hai| jaise- sAdhu kA paira dhonA, pauMchanA, sApha krnaa| isI prakAra anya avayava sambandhI yA bImAra avasthA meM paricaryA karanA parakriyA ke arntagata hai| anyonyakriyA pArasparika sevA, sahayoga ke rUpa meM dAna - pratidAna kI abhilASA se kI gaI kriyA anyonyakriyA hai| parakriyA kI taraha yaha bhI jJAtavya hai| parakriyA meM gRhastha sAdhu kI paricaryA karatA hai| jabaki anyonyakriyA meM paraspara sevA denA, sevA lenA Adi kA samAveza hai| sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM kriyA ke prakAra sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM 13 kriyAoM kA varNana milatA hai| unameM karmabaMdha aura mukti kI hetubhUta donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dUsare adhyayana kA nAma kriyA-sthAna hai|21 isameM karma-baMdha kI kAraNabhUta 12 kriyAoM kA sAmparAyikI kriyA ke antargata aura karma-baMdha se mukta hone kI kriyA airyApathikI kriyA ke antargata pratipAdita hai| artha daNDa Adi bAraha kriyAoM se pApakarma kA baMdha hotA hai| yadyapi airyApathikI kriyA se puNya karma kA baMdha hotA hai phira bhI zubha yogAtmaka hone se AcaraNIya hai| bAraha kriyAeM azubha-yogAtmaka hai ataH sarvathA anAcaraNIya hai| Avazyaka sUtra ke antargata paDikkamAmi terasahi kiriyAThANehi' pATha se teraha kriyAoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| unameM pAMca kriyAoM ko daNDa-samAdAna kahA hai tathA anya ATha ko kevala kriyA-sthAna kahA hai| isa bheda ke viSaya meM cUrNi aura vRtti meM vimarza prApta hai| prathama pAMca meM prAyaH paropaghAta hotA hai isaliye unheM daNDa-samAdAna kahA hai| zeSa meM paropaghAta kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hone se unheM kriyA-sthAna kahA haiN| teraha kriyAoM meM pravRtti kI preraNAbhUta, prakAra aura pariNAma janita kriyAoM kA samAveza hai| daNDa zabda hiMsA kA vAcaka hai| eka zabda aneka arthoM kA abhivyaMjaka hotA hai| daNDa kA sAmAnya artha hai-praayshcit| vidhi-vidhAnoM kA atikramaNa karane para daNDa dene kA pracalana kevala dhArmika kSetra meM hI nahIM, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika sabhI kSetroM meM rahA hai| 36 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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AgamoM meM jahAM tridaNDa kA ullekha hai usakA saMbaMdha mana, vacana, kAyA kI hiMsA janaka pravRtti se hai| mana, vacana aura zarIra kI asat pravRti se hiMsA hotI hai / ata: hiMsA ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM inheM daNDa kahA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMga aura Avazyaka meM sarvaprathama pAMca daNDoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhagavatI meM varNita paccIsa kriyAoM meM ArambhikI Adi pAMca kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 22 sthAnAMga meM varNita bahattara kriyAoM kA 23 tathA tattvArtha sUtrameM varNita paccIsa kriyAoM kA 24 airyApathikI aura sAmparAyikI ina do meM samAhAra ho jAtA hai| prazna hotA hai, karma-mukti kI carcA nyAyocita hai kintu karma-baMdha kI hetu kriyAoM ke vivaraNa se kyA prayojana ? cUrNikAra ne prazna ko samAhita karate hue likhA- baMdha kI avagati binA mukti kI ora prayAsa asaMbhava hai| isaliye jo bhikSu caraNa- karaNavid ho jAtA hai| karma - kSaya ke liye utthita hai, use karma baMdha aura kSaya ke sthAnoM ko avazya jAnanA caahiye| 25 sthAnAMga meM pAMca prakAra ke daNDoM kA nirdeza hai| 26 - sAmparAyika kriyA puNya aura pApa donoM kI hetu hai kintu prastuta adhyAya meM yahAM kevala pApa hetuka sAmparAyika kriyA kA vistAra kiyA jA rahA hai| IryApathika puNya rUpa hI hotI hai| 27 ye teraha kriyAeM (sUtrakRtAMga aura Avazyaka sUtra para AdhArita ) nimna hai (1) arthadaNDa (2) (4) akasmAt daNDa (5) (7) adattAdAna pratyayika ( 8 ) ( 10 ) mitradoSa pratyayika ( 11 ) (13) airyApathika anartha daNDa dRSTi doSa daNDa adhyAtma pratyayika mAyA pratyayika (3) 6 ) hiMsA daNDa mRSA pratyayika mAna pratyayika (12) lobha pratyayika ( ( 9 ) (1) artha daNDa- artha kA matalaba hai- pryojn| jisa hiMsA ke pIche koI uddezya nihita hotA hai, vaha artha daNDa hai| udAharaNArtha jJAti, parivAra, mitra, ghara, devatA, bhUta, yajJa Adi ke prayojana se kI jAne vAlI hiMsA / isameM vyakti trasa - sthAvara prANiyoM kI mana-vacana-kAyA se svayaM ghAta karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai aura ghAta karate hue kA anumodana karatA hai, pariNAma svarUpa isa prakAra kI hiMsA se vaha pApa karma kA baMdha karatA hai| 28 (2) anartha daNDa- niSprayojana, aviveka aura manoraMjana ke liye prANiyoM ko kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 37

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mAratA hai, chedana-bhedana karatA hai, aMgoM ko kATatA hai. camaDA aura netroM ko ukhADatA hai. upadrava karatA hai, yaha anarthadaNDa hai| isI prakAra niruddezya sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA, capalatA vaza vanaspatiyoM ko ukhAr3anA, parvata aura vana Adi meM Aga lagAnA, nadItAlAba Adi meM patthara pheMkanA, ye sabhI pravRttiyAM anarthadaNDa ke antargata haiN|29 gRhastha saMpUrNa hiMsA se baca nahIM sakatA isaliye hiMsA ke uparyukta do bheda kiye gaye haiM- artha hiMsA, anartha hiNsaa| ___ jaina tArkikoM ne jaise indriya mAnasa jJAna ko parokSa hote hue bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA hai| usI prakAra laukika abhyudaya kI hetubhUta hiMsA ko artha-hiMsA yA vyavahArya hiMsA mAnA hai| loka dRSTi meM jIvana-nirvAha ke liye hone vAlI anivArya hiMsA ko heya nahIM batalAyA hai| udAharaNArtha eka vyakti dUsare para AkramaNa karatA hai| tIsarA vyakti AkrAMtA ko mAra DAlatA hai| sAmAjika nIti yA vyavasthA meM use hiMsaka na mAnakara use ucita ThaharAyA jAtA hai kintu AdhyAtmika jagat ke niyama isase bhinna hai| AkrAMtA ko upadeza denA ucita hai kintu upadeza na mAnane para dabAva DAlanA dharma ke anukUla nhiiN| eka kI rakSA ke lie dUsare ke prANoM kA vyaparopaNa ahiMsA kI dRSTi se kSamya nahIM hai| (3) hiMsA daNDa- kucha loga pratizodha, pratikAra aura AzaMkA vaza hiMsA meM pravRtta ho jAte haiN| jaise- 'isane mere sambandhI ko mArA hai isaliye maiM use avazya mAruMgA', yaha pratizodha kI bhAvanA hai| 'yaha mere svajana ko mAra rahA hai isaliye ise mAra denA cAhiye', yaha pratikAra kI vRtti hai| yaha jIvita rahA to mujhe maaregaa| maiM use pahale hI mAra DAlUM, isa AzaMkA se kI jAne vAlI hiMsA hai| kaMsa ne devakI putroM ko apanI mRtyu kI AzaMkA se mAra DAlA thaa| parazurAma ne apane pitA kI ghAta se krodhita ho kArtavIrya kA vadha kiyaa| bahuta se vyakti siMha, sAMpa Adi prANiyoM kA vadha isaliye kara DAlate hai ki ye jIvita rahakara dUsaroM ko maareNge| yaha hiMsA daNDa hai| pratizodhAtmaka hiMsA kA sambandha atIta se hai, pratikArAtmaka hiMsA kA vartamAna aura AzaMkA janita hiMsA kA sambandha bhaviSya se hai| (4) akasmAt daNDa-kisI prANI kI hatyA karane ke uddezya se calAe hue zastra dvArA yadi dUsare prANI kA vadha ho jAye, use akasmAt daNDa kahate haiN| ghAtaka 38 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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vyakti kA use mArane kA lakSya nahIM, para anAyAsa hiMsA ho jAtI hai| jaise-zikArI mRga kA vadha karane bANa calAtA hai kintu vANa lakSya-cyuta hokara mRga ke badale kisI dUsare pakSI yA manuSya ko laga jAtA hai| yaha akasmAt- daNDa hai| kisAna dhAnya kI surakSA ke lie anAvazyaka ghAsa-phUsa para zastra calAtA hai| acAnaka zastra ghAsa para na lagakara dhAnya ke paudhoM para laga jAtA hai, jisase paudhe naSTa ho jAte haiM, yaha akasmAt-daNDa hai| kyoMki isameM kisAna kA lakSya paudhoM ko kATanA nahIM thaa| vAhana cAlaka durghaTanA karanA nahIM cAhatA kintu zarAba kA nazA, nidrA, Alasya, kuhAsA Adi kaI aise kAraNa haiM jo durghaTanA meM nimitta bana jAte haiN| yaha na to artha hiMsA hai, na anartha kintu Akasmika daNDa hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsA meM preraka tatva AjIvikA hai| pariNAma hai pApa karma kA bNdh| __(5) dRSTi viparyAsa daNDa- anya prANI ke bhrama se anya prANI ko daNDa denA dRSTi viparyAsa daNDa hai| mitra ko zatru samajhakara aura sAhUkAra ko cora samajha kara daMDita karanA dRSTi viparyAsa daNDa hai| isameM preraka tatva hai- dRSTi kI viparItatA, bhrAMta citttaa| yuddha ke samaya jo zatru nahIM hai, use bhI zatru samajha kara mAra diyA jAtA hai| yA nirdoSa ko doSI mAnakara usakA prANavadha kara detA hai, yaha dRSTiviparyAsa daNDa hai| isakA pariNAma hai- pApa karma kA baMdha aura vaimanasya / 30 mana, vacana aura karma, triyoga sAdhanA se hI ahiMsA kA pUrNa svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai, phira bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnasika ahiMsA ko sarvopari mahatva diyA hai, kyoMki hiMsA sarva prathama mastiSka meM hI janma letI hai| saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke cArTara meM likhA gayA hai ki yuddha pahale mastiSka meM lar3A jAtA hai| tatpazcAt anukUla bAhya nimitta pAkara yuddha bhUmi meM lar3A jAtA hai| kAyika hiMsA ke sAtha mAnasika hiMsA kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTa hai- "rAga aura dveSa karma ke bIja hai| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai|31(k)usii prakAra aMguttara nikAya meM karma ko lobhaja, doSaja, (dveSaja) aura moha janita mAnA hai|31kh karma-baMdha kI prakriyA meM mana kI vizuddhi-avizuddhi bhI eka mahatvapUrNa tathya hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 39

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mana karma-baMdha meM sakriya bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| kAyika hiMsA kI taraha mAnasika hiMsA bhI anartha kA hetu hai, usase bhI prANI narakAdi adhogati ko prAza karatA hai| taMdula matsya kA udAharaNa mAnasika hiMsA kA spaSTa pramANa hai| taMdula matsya eka atyanta sUkSma prANI hai jo vizAlakAya magaramaccha ke bhauhoM para avasthita rahatA hai| magaramaccha ke muMha meM Ate - jAte jaMtuoM ko dekhakara socatA hai- yaha kitanA beparavAha hai| yadi isake sthAna para maiM hotA to sAre jaMtuoM ko khA jaataa| isa prakAra ke krUratA pUrvaka cintana se vaha narakagAmI bana jAtA hai| rAjA zreNika ne kAla saukarika kasAI (jo pAMca sau bhaiMsoM kA pratidina vadha karatA thA) ko ahiMsaka banAne kA kAphI prayatna kiyaa| khAlI kueM meM DAla dene para bhI kAlasaukarika kAyika hiMsA to nahIM kara sakA kintu mAnasika hiMsA se baca bhI nahIM skaa| kue meM vidyamAna kIcar3a se vaha bhaiMseM banAtA gayA, mAratA gayA zAma taka eka-eka karake usane pAMca sau bhaiMseM mArane ke saMkalpa ko pUrA kiyaa| karma zAstrIya dRSTi se bhI vicAra kareM to mAtra kAyayoga se mohanIya karma kA baMdha utkRSTataH eka sAgara kI sthiti kA ho sakatA hai| ghrANendriya ke sAtha saMpRkta hone para pacAsa sAgara, cakSu ke milane para sau sAgara, zrautrendriya kA yoga hone para hajAra sAgara aura yadi mana kA yoga ho gayA to utkRSTa sattara kor3Akor3I sAgara kA karmabaMdhana ho sakatA hai|37 mana kI zakti asIma hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI kAyika aura mAnasika hiMsA ko svarNa evaM mRnmaya ghaTa se upamita kiyA hai| miTTI kA ghaTa phUTane para kImata nahIM rahatI jabaki svarNaghaTa phUTane para bhI kImata yathAvat rahatI hai vaise hI kAyika kriyA hetu mAtra hai| mAnasika kriyA se pracura karma-baMdha hotA hai| mAnasika hiMsA vRkSa ke mUla jaisI hai| vAcika aura kAyika hiMsA patte evaM phala jaisI hai| (6) mRSA pratyayika- asatyasambhASaNa yA jhUTha bolanA mRSApratyAyika kriyA kahalAtI haiN| isake preraka tatva hai- Aveza, Agraha athavA pArivArika svArtha ityaadi| isake kAraNa vyakti svayaM jhUTha bolatA hai, dUsaroM ko jhUTha bolane ke liye prerita karatA hai athavA jhUTha kA samarthana karatA hai| pariNAma svarUpa pApa karma kA baMdha hotA hai aura logoM meM avizvAsa paidA hotA hai|38 (7) adattAdAna pratyayika-adatta vastu ke grahaNa se jo kriyA lagatI hai, vaha adattAdAna kriyA hai| corI sAmAjika aparAdha hai| corI svArtha athavA parivAra ke sukha ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 40

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suvidhA juTAne ke lakSya se kI jAtI hai| vyavadhAna na ho to yaha kriyA chahoM dizAoM kA sparza karatI hai, vyavadhAna hone para tIna - cAra yA pAMca dizAoM kA isI prakAra naraka Adi sabhI daNDakoM ke liye jJAtavya hai| corI karanA, dUsaroM se karavAnA tathA corI kA samarthana karanA karma - baMdha kA kAraNa hai| (8) AdhyAtmika pratyayika- yaha eka prakAra kI mAnasika kriyA hai| mana meM kisI prakAra kI durbhAvanA kA praveza hI pApa kA kAraNa hai| mAnasika lagAva aura durAva kI pravRtti AdhyAtmika kriyA hai| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| bAhya nimittoM, kAraNoM, paristhitiyoM se vyakti du:kha kI anubhUti karatA hai, yaha satya hai kintu kabhI-kabhI akAraNa hI cintita aura zokAkula ho jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa bAhara nahIM, Antarika hai| Adhunika zarIra vijJAna kI dRSTi se isakA anta: srAvI graMthiyoM ke srAvoM kA asaMtulana hai| karma zAstra kI bhASA meM asAta vedanIya karma kA vipAkodaya hai| isa kriyA ke preraka tatva haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobh| inakI utpatti AtmA meM hotI hai isaliye inheM AdhyAtmika kriyA kahA jAtA hai|39 (9) mAna pratyayika- jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, zruta, lAbha, aizvarya Adi ke mada se athavA anya kisI kAraNa se unmatta hokara dUsaroM ko jo tuccha samajhatA hai, niMdA karatA hai, apane ko ucca aura dUsare ko tiraskRta karatA hai| vaha mAna pratyayika kriyA kA sevana karatA hai| cUrNikAra ne apamAna janaka nimnokta kriyAoM ko mAnapratyAyika ke antargata ginAyA hai|40 hIlanA - dUsaroM ko lajjita karane kI vRtti| niMdA - jAti, aizvarya Adi ke nimitta se dUsaroM ko mAnasika kaSTa denaa| khiMsanA - ghRNA karanA paribhava - kisI kI avajJA karanA garhA - jAti Adi ko lekara kisI ko UMca - nIca btaanaa| avamAnanA - tiraskAra karanA, bar3oM ke Ane para sammAna na karanA, tuccha AhAra Adi denA, ityAdi kAryoM se hone vAlI kriyA mAna pratyayikI hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa

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vRttikAra kA mAnanA hai ki ye saba zabda ekArthaka bhI ho sakate haiM aura apekSA bheda se bhinnArthaka bhii| kisI jIva yA ajIva vastu ke prati ahaMkAra yA mAna kaSAya mohanIya karma ke udaya yA udIraNA se hotA hai| sabhI jIvoM meM yaha kriyA hotI hai|42 yadi koI jAti Adi ke abhimAna vaza dUsaroM kA parAbhava, tiraskAra Adi karatA hai, vaha garbha ke pazcAt garbha, janma ke pazcAt janma, mRtyu ke pazcAt mRtyu, naraka ke pazcAt naraka ko prApta hotA hai aura janma-maraNa kI vRddhi karatA hai| (10) mitradoSa pratyayika- mitra, jJAti Adi ko tApa dene se jo kriyA hotI hai vaha mitradoSa pratyayikI hai|43 parivAra ke sadasyoM dvArA choTA sA aparAdha ho jAne para unheM bhArI daMDa denA jaise-garma pAnI se zarIra kA siMcana karanA, agni se zarIra ko dAganA, camar3I udher3anA, beMta, rassI, char3I Adi se pITakara lahuluhAna kara denA aadi| isa prakAra kI pravRtti se pArivArika kleza, daurmanasya kI vRddhi tathA karmabaMdha hotA hai|44 (11) mAyA pratyayika- mAyA pratyayika kA tAtparya chala-kapaTa se hone vAlI pravRttiyAM hai| mAyAcAra se jIvikA upArjana karanA, galA kATanA, saMdhiccheda karanA, dUsaroM meM vizvAsa utpanna kara tthgnaa| apane ajJAna ko Dhakane ke liye vyartha zabdADambaroM kA prayoga karanA aisI pravRttiyoM se karmabaMdha, mAyAcAra meM vRddhi aura durgati kI prApti hotI hai| (12) lobha pratyayika- kisI vyakti yA padArtha ke prati kAmanA, lipsA, lAlasA, Asakti aura mUrchA ityAdi ke kAraNa hone vAlI kriyA lobha-pratyayikI hai| AcArAMga meM lobha ke nimnokta rUpoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| jijIviSA- jIne kI kaamnaa| prANiyoM meM aneka prakAra kI eSaNAeM hotI hai, unameM jijIviSA prathama hai| prANI jIne ke liye parigraha kA saMcaya karatA hai, krUra-karma aura hiMsA bhI karatA hai| prazaMsA-AcArAMga vRttikAra ne parivandaNa zabda kA artha prazaMsA kiyA hai| jIvana kI puSTi yA prazaMsA ke liye hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| 45 mAnana-sammAna ke liye hiMsA kI jAtI hai| AcArAMga bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne 'mAnana' zabda para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(a) sammAna saMpAdita karane ke liye hiMsAtmaka pravRtti karatA hai| (ba) jo sammAna nahIM karatA, use lakSita kara asammAnita vyakti hiMsAtmaka pravRtti karatA hai| jaise- prajA apane rAjA kA vadha-baMdhana, sarvasva-apaharaNa Adi karatA hai| ye sabhI hiMsAtmaka kriyAeM haiN| pUjana-jaise sammAna ke liye hiMsA kI jAtI hai usI taraha pUjA ke liye bhii| mAnana aura pUjana zabda meM antara hai| abhyutthAna Adi karanA mAnana tathA arcanA karanA, tilaka lagAnA Adi pUjana haiN| jAti-maraNa-jAti ke do artha hai-jAti smudaay| aura jAti jnm| sadRzyatA ke AdhAra para banane vAle varga ko jAti kahA jAtA hai kintu yahAM janma artha hI prAsaMgika hai, maraNa kA artha hai- mRtyu| janma-maraNa ke nimitta se hone vAlA karma samAraMbha pratyakSa hai| mocana- isakA artha hai- mukta yA svtNtrtaa| vyakti baMdhana se mukta hone ke lie karma - samAraMbha karatA hai| hiMsAvAdI loga isa dizA meM tatpara hai| cUrNikAra ne 'bhoyaNAe' ke sthAna para 'moyaNAe' pATha svIkAra kiyA hai| jo prastuta prasaMga meM adhika nyAya saMgata lagatA hai| manuSya bhojana ke liye kRSi Adi karmoM meM pravRtta hote hai| manovijJAna ke AdhAra para AhAra kI gaveSaNA maulika manovRtti haiN| dukhaHpratikAra- isa prakAra prANI zArIrika aura mAnasika duHkhoM ke nivAraNa ke hetu nAnA prakAra se karma-samAraMbha karatA hai| yaha pravRtti kA mahAn srota hai| AcArAMga meM hiMsA ke janaka uparyukta preraka-tatvoM kI vizada saMkalanA hai| kaI carma, mAMsa, rakta, hRdaya, dAMta, nakha, AMkha, asthi-majjA Adi ke aneka prayojanoM se hiMsA karate haiN| kaI loga binA prayojana bhI hiMsA meM pravRtta hote hai|46 kRSi, bAvar3I, kuA, sarovara, tAlAba, bhitti, stUpa vedikA, prasAda, bhavana, ghara, zayana, dukAna, bhUmigRha, devAlaya, pratimA citrazAlA, maNDapa, ghaTa Adi vividha kAraNoM se prerita ho pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karate haiN|47 kaI rasa lolupa madhu ke lie madhu - makkhiyoM kI, zArIrika duvidhA miTAne khaTamala, macchara, rezamI vastra ke liye kIr3oM kI ghAta karate haiN|48 kaI vyakti dhAnya pakAne ke liye, anya se pakavAne ke liye,dIpaka jalAne aura bujhAne ke liye agni kI hiMsA karate haiN|49 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa

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kaI vyakti krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka ke liye, strI purUSa, napuMsaka ke liye, kAma-bhoga ke liye athavA artha, kAma aura dharma ke liye, svavaza yA paravazatA se, prayojana se yA binA prayojana hI trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karate hai| 50 hiMsA meM pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAle doSoM ko nahIM dekhakara, jo usameM raMjita ho jAtA hai, AcArAMga meM usa hiMsaka ko Arta, parijIrNa, duH saMbodha aura avijJAyaka kahA hai| 51 (13) IryApathikI kriyA- IryApathikI kriyA puNya karma-baMdha kA kAraNa hai| yaha kriyA kevala vItarAga ke hI hotI hai| airyApathikI kriyA ke lie Avazyaka sAdhanA nimnAnusAra hai (i) Atma bhAva meM ramaNa, parabhAva se virati (ii) indriya sukhoM kI nivRtti (iii) bAhya - Abhyantara saMyogoM kA parityAga (iv) yatanA pUrvaka samiti kI ArAdhanA (v) mana vacana kAyA kI gupti se yukta 1 dUsarA vargIkaraNa ThANAMga sUtra para AdhArita 72 kriyAeM saMkSepa meM nimnAnusAra hai kriyA ke do prakAra 44 samyaktva jIva airyA kriyA ke do prakAra kA mithyAtva AdhikaraNikI anuparatakAya kriyA duSprayuktakAya kriyA saMyojanAdhikaraNikI nirvartanAdhikaraNikI kriyA ke do prakAra O prAdoSikI jIva prAdoSikI ajIva prAdoSikI ajIva parAyika 7 pAritApanikI svahasta pAritApanikI parahasta pAritApanikI ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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prANAtipAta kriyA 1 parahasta svahasta prANAtipAta kriyA prANAtipAta kriyA jIva AraMbhika AtmabhAva vaMcanA jIva dRSTijA AraMbhikI kriyA kriyA ke do prakAra KH mAyA pratyayA parabhAva vaMcanA dRSTijA jIva svAstikI KH ajIva AraMbhikI jIva pArigrAhikI kriyA ke do prakAra kriyA ke do prakAra apratyAkhyAna kriyA ajIva dRSTijA svAhastikI jIva apratyAkhyAna kriyA prAtItyikI 7 ajIva jIva prAtItyikI prAtItyikI pArigrAhikI kriyA kriyA ke do prakAra anAtirikta mithyAdarzana pratyayA mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA ke do prakAra jIva pRSTi spRSTijA jIva sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA ke do prakAra ajIva apratyAkhyAna kriyA sAmantopanipAtikI ajIva svAhastikI jIva naisRSTikI kriyA ke do prakAra ajIva pArigrAhikI naisRSTikI AjJApanI jIva AjJApanI ajIva AjJApanI kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa vaidAriNI jIva vaidAriNI 7 tadvyatirikta mithyAdarzana pratyayA ajIva spRSTA ajIva sAmantopanipAtikI ajIva naisRSTikI ajIva vaidAriNI 45

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pratyayA mAnapratyayA kriyA ke do prakAra anAbhogapratyayA anavakAMkSApratyayA anAyukta AdAnatA anAyukta pramArjana AtmazarIra anavakAMkSA parazarIra anavakAMkSA kriyA ke do prakAra preya : pratyayA doSa pratyayA mAyA pratyayA lobhapratyayA krodha pratyayA tRtIya vargIkaraNa tattvArthasUtra para AdhArita paccIsa kriyAeM nimnAnusAra hai1. samyaktva kriyA 2. mithyAtva kriyA 3. prayoga kriyA 4. samAdAna kriyA 5. IryApatha kriyA 6. kAyikI kriyA 7. AdhikaraNikI kriyA 8. prAdoSikI kriyA 9. pAritApanikI kriyA 10. prANAtipAtikI kriyA 11. darzana kriyA 12. sparzana kriyA 13. prAtyayikI kriyA 14. samantAnupAtana kriyA 15. anAbhoga kriyA 16. svahasta kriyA 17. nisarga kriyA 18. vidAraNa kriyA 19. AjJAvyApAdikI (Anayana) kriyA 20. anavakAMkSA kriyA 21. Arambha kriyA 22. pArigrahikI kriyA 23. mAyA kriyA 24. mithyAdarzana kriyA 25. apratyAkhyAnakriyA anya kriyAeM __AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra kriyA kI vyAkhyA ke saMdarbha meM do paramparA rahI haiN| eka paramparA Agamika vyAkhyA ke paripArzva kI hai jisakA anusaraNa sthAnAMga ke vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ne kiyA hai| dUsarI paramparA tattvArtha bhASya ke AdhAra para vikasita huI hai| isa paramparA meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM ke AcArya lagabhaga samAna rekhA se gujara rahe haiN| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 46

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sarvArthasiddhi ke kartA pUjyapAda devanaMdI, tattvArthavArtika ke kartA AcArya akalaMka, zloka vArtika ke kartA AcArya vidyAnaMda- tInoM digambara AcArya hai, inakA eka vicAra honA Azcarya nahIM kintu tattvArtha ke TIkAkAra haribhadrasUri, bhASyAnusAriNI ke kartA siddhasenagaNI, donoM zvetAmbara AcArya haiM phira bhI inhoMne vyAkhyA kI ekarUpatA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| siddhasenagaNI tattvArtha kI vyAkhyAoM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI sthAnAMga vRttigata vyAkhyA ke prati jAgarUka rahe haiN| __ AgamoM ke avalokana se kriyAoM kI saMkhyA 27 bhI milatI hai| 27 kriyAoM meM eka paramparA 'premakriyA' aura 'dveSakriyA' ko chor3a detI hai| dUsarI paramparA unheM svIkAra kara samyaktva-mithyAtva kI kriyA kA varjana karatI hai| isa dRSTi se donoM 25 kriyAoM para eka mata ho jAte haiN| 25 kriyAoM meM 5-5 kriyAoM ke AdhAra para paMcaka kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| jinakA vivecana nimnAnusAra haikAyikI kriyApaMcaka jaina dharma kevala pravRtti pradhAna dharma nahIM hai, usameM pravRtti-nivRtti kA samanvaya hai| donoM kA pratinidhitva karate hai- Azrava aura sNvr| Azrava baMdha aura saMvara mokSa kA hetu hai kintu Azrava kA sambandha pravRtti se, saMvara kA nivRtti se hai| adhyAtma sAdhanA ke prAraMbha kAla meM donoM rahate haiN| sAdhanA kI sarvocca sthiti prApta hone para pravRtti kA valaya TUTa jAtA hai, zeSa rahatI hai kevala nivRtti| pravRtti zubha-azubha ubhaya rUpa hai| prajJApanA vRtti ke anusAra kriyA kA sambandha azubha pravRtti se hai| kriyA kA mukhya hetu zarIra hai| ata: hiMsA-ahiMsA kI sImA ko bhinna-bhinna samajhane ke liye kAyikI Adi kriyAoM ke paMcaka kA varNana mananIya hai| isameM kAyikI, prANAtipAtikI, pAritApanikI, prAdoSikI aura adhikaraNikI ina pAMca kriyAoM kA pariNamana kiyA gayA hai kAyikI prANAtipAtikI AdhikaraNikI prAdoSikI pAritAtinikI kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa

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1. kAyikI (Physical Enthusiasm) ___jo upacaya rUpa ho, vaha kAyA hai| kAyA sambandhI yA kAyA dvArA kI gaI kriyA kAyikI hai|52 kevala sthUla yA kArya karane kA kSaNa hI kriyA nahIM hai apitu kArya karane kI jo Antarika icchA, abhilASA yA AkAMkSA hai, vaha bhI kriyA hai| isa AdhAra para kAyikI kriyA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pUchA gayA- 'kAiyA NaM bhaMte! kiriyA kaivihA pannattA? goyamA ! duvihA pnntaa| taM jahA- anuvarayakAiyA ya duppauttakAiyA ca"153 gautama aura maNDita putra dvArA pUche jAne para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA- kriyA ke anuparata kAyikI aura duSprayukta kAyikI ye do bheda hai| - 1. anuparata kAyikI-dezataH sAvadha, sarvataH sAvadya yogoM se jo virata ho, vaha uparata hai| jo uparata-virata na ho vaha anuparata hai| arthAt kAyA saMbaMdhI prANAtipAtAdi se dezataH yA sarvataH virata-nivRtta na honA- arthAt virati rahita vyakti kI kAyA kI pravRtti anuparata kAyikI kriyA hai / yaha kriyA avirata ko lagatI haiN| 2. duSprayukta kAyikI- kAyA Adi kA duSTa prayoga karanA, yaha kriyA pramatta saMyamI ko lagatI hai kyoMki pramatta hone para kAyA kA duSprayoga saMbhava hai| indriya aura mana ke viSayoM meM Asakta vyakti kI kAya-pravRtti duSprayukta kAyikI kriyA hai| bhagavatI4 aura prajJApanA vRtti ke anusAra svAmitva kI dRSTi se anuparata kAyikI kriyA avirata vyakti ke hotI hai| jabaki duSprayukta kAyikI kriyA avirata aura virata donoM ke hotI hai| haribhadra sUri kA mata isase bhinna hai| unake anusAra anuparata kriyA mithyAdRSTi ke zarIra se hone vAlI kriyA hai| duSprayukta kAyikI pramatta saMyati ke dvArA honevAlI kriyA hai| haribhadra kA yaha abhimata saMgata nahIM lgtaa| yadi mithyAdRSTi kI kriyA ko anuparata kAyikI kriyA mAnA jAye to avirata samyak dRSTi, dezavirata kI asaMyata kriyA ko kyA kheNgeN|56(a) isa viSaya meM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA, isaliye yahI upayukta hai ki mithyAdRSTi, avirata samyag dRSTi aura dezavirata kI kriyA anuparata kAyikI hai aura pramatta saMyati kI duSprayukta kAyikI kriyA hai| jinakA kAyAdi vyApAra duSprayukta hai athavA jinakI iSTa-aniSTa viSaya prApti meM kiMcit bhI saMvega-nirveda kI bhAvanA nahIM hai unakI kriyA duSprayukta kAyikI hai| pramatta saMyata ke bhI kAyA kA azubha 48 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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vyApAra saMbhava hai| sthAnAMga ke TIkAkAra ke anusAra mAnasika azubha saMkalpa dvArA mokSa mArga ke prati upekSA rakhane vAle pramatta saMyata kI kAyikI kriyA bhI duSprayukta hai| AcArya akalaMka ne kAyikI kriyA kA artha pradveSa yukta vyakti kA zArIrika udyama kiyA hai| haribhadra ne pramatta saMyata kI kriyA ko duSprayukta mAnA hai kintu virati kI apekSA muni hiMsaka nahIM hotaa| kAraNa vaha sarva pApavirati kA pAlana karatA hai| pramattasaMyama (chaThe guNasthAna-vartI) kabhI pramAdavaza duSpravRtti kara letA hai, vaha hiMsA hai|59 pratyAkhyAnIya mohodaya meM sarvavirati saMbhava nhiiN| pratyAkhyAnIya cAritra moha kA vilaya sabakA samAna nahIM hotaa| isameM zakyatA-azakyatA ke AdhAra para tIna pakSa banate haiN| deza se yA sarva se jo sAvadha yoga se nivRtta nahIM huA hai usakI kAyika pravRtti anuparata kriyA hai| yaha kriyA avirati kI apekSA se hai| deza yA sarva virati kI apekSA se nhiiN|60 duSpravRtti kI dRSTi se purUSa nirantara sakriya rahatA hai| avirati sUkSma acetana stara kI kriyA hai| duSpravRtti sthUla cetana stara para hone vAlI kriyA hai| 2. umferenforcat (Using instruments of destruction) kriyA kA dUsarA mAdhyama hai adhikrnn| isakA sambandha zastra Adi hiMsaka upakaraNoM ke saMyojana aura nirmANa se hai|61 hiMsAdi pApa kriyAoM kI hetubhUta vastu adhikaraNa haiN| usake do pakSa hai- Antarika aura baahy| zarIra, indriyAM Antarika adhikaraNa hai| yaMtra, zastra Adi paudgalika sAdhana bAhya adhikaraNa hai| avirata vyakti kA zarIra bhI adhikaraNa hai|62 __ asi, maSi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa ina chaha karmoM ke kartA avirata hote haiM isaliye unheM hiMsA karmakArI kahA hai| prajJApanA63 sthAnAMga64 bhagavatI65 meM AdhikaraNikI kriyA ke do prakAra batAye haiM- (a) saMyojanAdhikaraNikI aura (ba) nirvrtnaadhikrnnikii| (a) saMyojanAdhikaraNikI-saMyojana kA artha hai- jodd'naa| yaMtra, zastra Adi ke puoM ko milaanaa| jaise hala ke alaga-alaga hissoM ko jor3akara hala taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI pazu-pakSiyoM ke mAraka zastra Adi sabhI purje milAkara eka krnaa| isI prakAra kisI padArtha meM viSa milAkara mizrita padArtha taiyAra krnaa| ina saba kriyAoM kA samAveza saMyojana zabda meM ho jAtA hai| ye kriyAeM saMsAra kI hetu hai| inake nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA saMyojanAdhikaraNikI kriyA hai|66 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 49

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(ba) nirvartanAdhikaraNikI- kisI mAraka yaMtra, zastra Adi kA nayA nirmANa krnaa|67 zastra-nirmANa kA hetu avirati aura duSpravRtti donoM hai| yadi kAyikI kriyA na ho to AdhikaraNikI kriyA saMbhava nahIM hotI / zastra - nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi meM kArya karatI hai- avirati aura nirmANa kI prakriyA hai- duSpravRtti / talavAra, zakti, bhAlA, tomara Adi zastroM kA nirmANa athavA pAMca prakAra ke audArikAdi zarIra ko utpanna karanA bhI nirvartanAdhikaraNikI kriyA hai kyoMki azubha pravRttimaya zarIra bhI saMsAra vRddhi kA hetu hai| 8 tAtparya yaha hai ki nirmita adhikaraNoM se saMyojanAdhikaraNikI aura nirmiyANa (bhaviSya meM banane vAle) adhikaraNoM se nirvartanAdhikaraNikI kriyA hotI hai| zastra kA artha kevala Ayudha hI nahIM apitu hiMsA kA bhAva bhI zastra hai| avirati yA asaMyama hiMsA hai| yaha vartamAna meM hiMsArUpa pratIta nahIM hotI hai| kintu hiMsA inake abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM haiN| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa krUratA, avirati Adi bhAva hI haiN| hiMsA ke upakaraNoM kA nAma dravya zastra hai aura hiMsAtmaka manobhAva kA nAma bhAva zastra hai| bhAva zastrasthUla stara para mRtyu kA kAraNa nahIM haiM kintu yaha isa prakAra ke karma baMdha kA kAraNa hai jisakA pariNAma mRtyu ho sakatI hai| (1) svakAya zastra - jaise- pRthvI dvArA pRthvI ke jIvoM kA pratighAta / (2) parakAya zastra - jaise - pRthvI ke atirikta anya vastuoM se pRthvI kA pratighAta / (3) ubhaya zastra - jaise- pRthvI aura anya vastu donoM dvArA pRthvI kA apghaat| zastra viveka ke binA ahiMsA kI gaharAI ko mApA nahIM jA sktaa| isa viSaya meM prazna ho sakatA hai ki astra-zastroM ke nirmANa meM araboM kA vyaya ho rahA hai| isa AdhikaraNikI kriyA kA saMbhAgI kauna ? nirmANa kartA yA nirdeza kartA ? jainAgama ke anusAra hiMsA ke tIna srota haiM- kRta, kArita aura anumodit| jaba taka ina tInoM meM se kisI eka se bhI vyakti jur3A huA hai taba taka usakI saMbhAgitA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH hiMsaka zastroM ke nirmANa kA nirdeza dene vAlA hiMsA kA bhAgI hai to nirmANa kartA bhii| itanA hI nahIM, vaha vyakti jo hiMsA svayaM nahIM karatA aura na hiMsaka sAdhanoM kA nirmANa hI karatA hai kintu hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyoM ko samarthana detA hai vaha bhI utanA hI hiMsaka hai jitane pUrvavartI nirdeza kartA aura nirmANa krtaa| yaha spaSTa hI hai ki samarthana yA anumodana se hiMsaka ghaTanAoM aura vyaktiyoM ko protsAhana milatA hai| 50 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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3. prAdoSikI (Malicious activity) kriyA kA tIsarA prakAra hai- pradoSa arthAt krodhAveza / pradoSa kA artha sthAnAMga vRttikAra ne 'matsara' kiyA hai usase honevAlI kriyA prAdoSikI hai| 69 AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra pradoSa kA artha krodhAveza hai 70 (ka) krodha animittaka hotA hai| jabaki pradoSa nimitta se hI hotA hai| krodha aura pradoSa meM yahI aMtara hai| 70 (kha) mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI sabhI prakAra kI asabhyatAoM, aziSTatAoM, durbhAvanAoM ko hiMsA khaa| 71 isa kriyA meM vidveSa bhAvanA prabalatama hotI hai| akuzala pariNAma karma-baMdha kA mukhya kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| manuSya krodhAveza janya kriyA kA prayoga kabhI apane para, kabhI dUsare para aura kabhI eka sAtha donoM para karatA hai| yaha jIva prAdoSikI kriyA hai| krodha kA prayoga acetana padArthoM para kiyA jAtA hai taba ajIva prAdoSikI kriyA kahalAtI hai| sthAnAMga vRttikAra ne jIva prAdoSikI aura ajIva prAdoSikI kA jo artha kiyA hai usameM krodhAveza hI phalita hotA hai| prAdoSikI kriyA ke prakArAntara se tIna kAraNoM kA nirdeza bhI milatA hai| 72 (1) apane nimitta se kisI kArya ke bigar3a jAne se svayaM ko hI gAlI denA, chAtI aura sira pITanA, AtmahatyA karanA aadi| (2) dUsare nimitta se hone vAlI galatI ke kAraNa dUsare para dveSa karanA, use pITanA, mAranA aadi| (3) donoM ke nimitta se apane aura dUsare para pradveSa krnaa| pradoSa ke agrima caraNa do haiM- paritApa aura prANAtipAta / avirati hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa hai| zastra usakA bAharI kAraNa hai| pradveSa hiMsA kA Antarika kAraNa hai| paritApa aura prANAtipAta usake pariNAma haiN| 4. pAritApanikI kriyA (Torturous activity) dUsaroM ko paritApana dene vAlI kriyA pAritApanikI hai| paritApanA kA artha haiatyanta duHkhada -vyavahAra karanA, jisameM kisI kI mRtyu kI saMbhAvanA ho| 73ka sva - para ke bheda se vaha do prakAra kI hai- 73 (kha) (1) svahasta pAritApanikI, (2) parahasta pAritApanikI / kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 51

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(1) svahasta pAritApanikI - manuSya svayaM apane hAtha se svayaM ko pIr3ita karatA hai, dUsaroM ko pIr3ita karatA hai athavA donoM ko pIr3ita karatA hai, vaha svahasta pAritApanikI kriyA hai| siddhasenagaNI ke abhimata se strI- putrAdi svajana ke viyogajanita zoka se saMtapta hokara sira pITanA Adi svahasta paritApanikI hai| isase azubha karma kA baMdha hotA apane sAmarthya ke anusAra tapasyAdi karanA zarIra ko paritApa denA nahIM hai| paritApa kI anubhUti ho, vahAM tapasyA kA svarUpa badala jAtA hai| (2) parahasta pAritApanikI- dUsare ke hAtha se svayaM ko, kisI dUsare ko yA donoM ko pIr3A pahuMcAnA parahasta pAritApanikI kriyA hai / 5. prANAtipAtikI kriyA (Murderous activity) prANa kA viyojana karanA prANAtipAtikI kriyA hai| jIva ke sAmAnya se sAmAnya kaSTa pahuMcAne se lekara prANa- - viyojana karane taka kI sabhI kriyAoM ke nimitta prANAtipAtikI kriyA hotI hai| prANa kA atipAta svayaM kareM yA dUsaroM se karavAye, donoM prANAtipAta hai| prANAtipAta ke do rUpa haiM- 1. kAyikI Adi kriyaa-pNck| 2. aThAraha pApa-sthAna meN| isa paMcaka meM prANAtipAta kA tAtparya prANaviyojana se hai / pApa-sthAna rUpa prANAtipAta meM pAMca indriya, tIna bala, ucchvAsa - ni:zvAsa tathA AyuSya ina dasa prANoM meM se koI eka, aneka yA sabakA viyoga karanA prANAtipAta hai| duHkha denA, saMkleza paidA karanA, vadha karanA prANAtipAta hai| pAritApa aura prANAtipAta donoM kA sambandha jIva se hai| hiMsA kA sambandha jIva- ajIva donoM se hai| 73 (ga) prAdveSikI kriyA jIva- ajIva donoM se sambandhita haiN| dveSa ajIva para bhI ho sakatA hai kintu prANAtipAta aura pAritApa ajIva ke nahIM hotA / prANAtipAta kA viSaya SaD-jIvanikAya hai| prANAtipAta kI pRSThabhUmi meM prAdoSikI kriyA hai / kucha logoM kI avadhAraNA meM anazana bhI AtmahatyA hai, kintu yaha samIcIna nahIM hai| anazana karane kA uddezya AtmahatyA nahIM, samAdhi kI sAdhanA hai| sAdhanA kA upasaMhAra prANa- viyojana ke rUpa meM hotA hai, kintu yaha usakA mUla lakSya nahIM hai| vastuta: jisake pIche prAdoSikI kriyA jur3I huI ho, Atma-hatyA use kahA jAtA hai| Avazyaka sUtra ke iriyAvahiyaM sutaM meM hiMsA kI kriyAoM kA vyavasthita varNana hai 52 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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abhihayA (abhihatAH ) vattiyA (vartitA:) lesiyA (zleSitA: ) saMghAiyA ( saMghAtitA: ) saMghaTTiyA (saMghaTTitA: ) pariyAviyA (paritApitA:) kilAmiyA ( klAmitA : ) uddaviyA (udrApitA:) ThANAo ThANaM saMkAmiyA (sthAnAt sthAnaM saMkrAmitA ) jIviyAo vavaroviyA ( jIvitAt vyaparopitA : ) -- AghAta phuNcaanaa| raja Adi se AcchAdita karanA / sAmAnya pIr3A se lekara prANa-viyoga taka ye kriyAeM dainika jIvana meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiN| hiMsA kA kArya tIna bhUmikAoM para sampAdita hotA hai. - - bhUmi Adi para mardana krnaa| jIvoM kA saMgraha karanA / sparza karanA / paritApa paidA krnaa| mRtaprAya: kara denaa| AtaMkita krnaa| (1) kAyika vyApAra meM tatparatA aura adhikaraNoM kA adhigrahaNa - yaha prathama bhUmikA hai| (2) pAritApa denA, pIr3A pahuMcAnA - yaha dUsarI bhUmikA hai| (3) prANoM kA vyaparopaNa karanA - yaha tIsarI bhUmikA hai| Ama bhASA meM uparyukta bhUmikAoM ko isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai saMrambha hiMsA kA saMkalpa, hiMsA karane kA aayojn| samArambha pAritApa utpanna krnaa| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para ayatnA se rkhnaa| prANa rahita kara denA / - Arambha prANoM kA atipAta karanA / hiMsA kI kriyA ko saMkSepa meM do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- pAritApanikI aura prANAtipAtikI / kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 53

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uparyukta kriyA paMcaka ke saMdarbha meM jahAM taka jIva kI sakriyatA aura akriyatA kA prazna hai, jIva sakriya evaM akriya donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| jIva dUsare jIva kI apekSA trikriya, kadAcit catuSkriya, kadAcit paMcakriya hotA hai| tIna kriyAeM pratyeka avirata prANI meM avazyaMbhAvI haiN| kisI ko kaSTa dene para vaha cAra aura prANaghAta karane para pAMca kriyAoM se bhI spRSTa hotA hai| asaMyama pUrvaka uThAye gaye kadama se do kriyAeM lagatI haiN| tIsarI kriyA kA sambandha rAga-dveSAtmaka vRtti se hai| jisa prakAra vartamAna jIvana kI apekSA se kriyA hotI hai usI prakAra atItakAlIna jIvana kI apekSA se bhI kriyA hotI hai| atIta kA zarIra yA usakA koI aMga hiMsA meM vyApta hotA hai to vaha usa hiMsA kA adhikaraNa kahalAtA hai| usake kAraNa se jIva pAMca kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie kisI eka vyakti ne bANa phaiNkaa| hiraNa mraa| bANa phaiMkane vAle ko to pAMca kriyAeM lagatI hI hai kintu jina jIvoM ke zarIra se bANa kA nirmANa huA ve jIva bhI pAMca kriyAoM se lipta hote haiN| yadyapi yaha bAta sahaja buddhigamya nahIM hai kintu jainAgama isakA AdhAra hai| bhagavatI vRttikAra ne bhI prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki yadi acetana zarIra se bhI karma kA baMdha ho to mukta jIvoM kA zarIra bhI prANAtipAta kA hetu bana sakatA hai| vanaspati ke jIvoM ke zarIra se pAtra Adi dhArmika upakaraNoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| unase jIva rakSA bhI kI jAtI hai ata: vanaspati ke jIvoM ko puNya-karma kA baMdha honA caahiye| isa saMdarbha meM vicAra yaha hai ki karmabaMdha kA sambandha mUlataH avirati se hai| avirati kA pariNAma jaise hiMsaka puruSa meM hai vaise hI una jIvoM meM hai jinake zarIra se dhanuSya Adi banA hai| avirati kI dRSTi se pApa-karma kI kriyA mAnI gaI hai, na ki zarIra se saMbaMdha hone mAtra se| mukta jIvoM meM avirati nahIM hai| isaliye unakA zarIra yadi prANAtipAta kA nimitta bane to bhI unake karma-baMdha nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra jina jIvoM ke zarIra se pAtra Adi kA nirmANa huA, unameM puNya kA hetubhUta viveka nahIM hai| ataH unake puNya-baMdha nahIM hotaa| pApa kI hetubhUta avirati nirantara raha sakatI hai kintu puNya kI hetubhUta zubha pravRtti nirantara nahIM rhtii| yaha viveka yA prayatna janya hotI hai| vRttikAra kI samIkSA kucha AlocanIya bhI hai| avirati kA pariNAma dhanurdhara aura jinake zarIra se dhanuSya Adi banAyA gayA, una jIvoM meM samAna ho sakatA hai kintu karma-baMdha kA hetu kevala avirati kA pariNAma hI nahIM, zarIra aura mana kA duSprayoga bhI sAtha meM saMpRkta hai| 54 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kAyikI kriyA ke do bheda anuparata aura duSprayukta ise spaSTa karate haiN| dhanurdhara ke kAyA kA yoga azubha hai| ata: usake ukta donoM kriyAeM hotI haiN| bANa nirvartaka zarIra vAle jIvoM ke kevala anuparata kriyA hotI hai, duSprayukta kAyikI kriyA nhiiN| zeSa kriyAeM bhI una jIvoM ko isaliye spRSTa karatI haiM ki unake paritApa dene Adi kA tyAga nahIM hai| bANa pheMkane vAle kA manoyoga aura kAyayoga- donoM paritApa, prANAtipAta Adi meM pravRtta haiM aura avirati aura azubhayoga donoM karmabaMdha ke hetu haiN| prazna hai avirati kA saMbaMdha una donoM se hai jinake zarIra se dhanuSya Adi kA nirmANa huA aura jinake zarIra se nahIM huA, phira kriyA kA ullekha una jIvoM ke lie hI kyoM jinake zarIra se dhanuSya Adi bane haiM ? isase do bAteM spaSTa hotI haiN| eka jinake pratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA unake avirati se kriyA lagatI hai aura jina jIvoM ke zarIra se dhanuSya Adi banA, unakA apane-apane zarIra se mamatva kA anubaMdha TUTA nahIM hai isaliye unake kriyA se spRSTa hone kA ullekha hai| yahAM jJAtavya yaha hai ki kisI kA tyakta zarIra hiMsA kA nimitta banatA hai, itane mAtra se vaha hiMsA kA bhAgI nahIM banatA apitu pUrva zarIra kI Asakti se vaha mukta nahIM hai, isa kAraNa use Asakti rUpa hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai na ki pravRtti rUpa se|'avirti kI apekSA jIva ko adhikaraNI aura adhikaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM gautama - mahAvIra saMvAda bhI mananIya hai gautama- bhaMte ! koI mRgajIvI, mRgavadha kA saMkalpa liye kUTapAza bAMdhatA hai| vaha kitanI kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai ? mahAvIra- gautama ! syAt trikriya, syAt catuSkriya, syAt paMcakriyA se yukta hotA hai! gautama-bhaMta ! kisa apekSA se yaha kahA jAtA hai ? mahAvIra- gautama ! jo vyakti kUTapAza kI racanA karatA hai kintu na to mRga ko bAMdhatA hai, na mAratA hai, usa samaya vaha kAyikI, AdhikaraNikI, prAdveSikI ina tIna kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| jo kUTapAza se mRga ko bAMdhatA hai, para mAratA nahIM usake prANAtipAta ke atirikta cAra kriyAeM hotI haiN| jo kUTa pAza se bAMdhakara mAra detA hai, usake pAMca kriyAeM hotI haiN| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 55

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isI prakAra bANa kA AlApaka bhI jJAtavya hai| koI vyakti bANa pheMkatA hai| mRga ko Ahata karatA hai| prANa haraNa karatA hai, vaha kramaza: tIna-cAra-pAMca kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| agni ke sambandha meM bhI isI prakAra kA AlApaka hai| ghAsa kA Dhera lagAnA, agni prakSepa karanA aura use jalA DAlane vAlA bhI kramazaH tIna-cAra-pAMca kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| hiMsA ke isa sUkSma vivecana meM mahAvIra ne vibhajyavAda kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake mata meM prANavadha karanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai apitu usake lie prayatna yA ceSTA karanA bhI kAyika kriyA hai, zastra - prayoga AdhikaraNikI, dveSayukta bhAvanA prAdoSikI, paritApa denA pAritAnikI aura prANavadha prANAtipAtikI kriyA hai| __ yahAM eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki vyAdha mRga ko mArane ke liye kUTapAza kI racanA karatA hai| vaha hiMsaka hai yA nahIM ? samAdhAna vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAdha mArane ke liye prayatnazIla hai isaliye use ahiMsaka nahIM kahA jAtA aura na to vaha mRga ko paritApa de rahA hai, na mAra rahA hai taba mArane vAlA bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hiMsA eka paramparAbaddha pravRtti hai| mAnasika dveSa, kAyika ceSTA aura zastra - prayoga ye saba hiMsA kI kar3iyAM haiN| paritApa aura prANavadha ho yA na ho, hiMsA ke liye udyata vyakti bhI hiMsaka hI hai| sUtrakAra ne isa marma kA udghATana kiyA ki paritApana aura prANAtipAta to hiMsA hai, usa dizA meM kiyA gayA saMkalpa, praNidhAna, parispaMdana aura vadha kI sAmagrI kA saMgraha bhI hiMsA hai| vastuta: hiMsA kI isa sUkSma vicAraNA para hI kriyA kA siddhAMta vikasita huA hai| prAraMbha meM hI yaha spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki karma-baMdha kI nimittabhUtta ceSTA ko kriyA kahate haiN| isa saMdarbha meM eka samasyA aura hai ki koI puruSa mRga mArane kI dRSTi se bANa calAne kI mudrA meM hai, usI samaya use koI dUsarA Akara mAra DAlatA hai| usa mriyamANa vyakti ke hAtha se bANa chUTA aura mRga mara gyaa| vahAM vadhaka kise mAnA jAye ? dhanurdhara ko athavA usa mArane vAle ko ? bhagavatI bhASya ke anusAra dhanurdhara ko mArane vAle kA mRga ko mArane kA, saMkalpa nahIM hai| isaliye vaha dhanurdhara kA hI vadhaka hai, mRga kA nhiiN| hiMsA ke aneka vikalpa haiN| unameM do mukhya haiM (a) Abhogajanita hiMsA - saMkalpa pUrvaka kI jAne vaalii| (ba) anAbhogajanita hiMsA - ajJAta sthiti meM hone vaalii| 56 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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isa prasaMga meM eka aura bhI prazna hai ki zrAvaka saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai, anajAna meM hiMsA ho jAye to kyA usake vrata kA atikramaNa hotA hai ? bhagavatI ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki anajAna meM huI hiMsA se zrAvaka ke vrata kA atikramaNa nahIM hotA; kyoMki vaha saMkalpajanita hiMsA se nivRtta ho cukA hai| miTTI khodate samaya kisI trasa jIva kA mara jAnA anAbhogajanita hiMsA hai saMkalpa pUrvaka kI gaI hiMsA nhiiN| isI prakAra saMkalpa pUrvaka vRkSa kATane kA kisI zrAvaka ne tyAga kiyaa| miTTI khodate samaya kisI vRkSa kI jar3a kaTa gaI yaha anAbhogajanita hiMsA hai, saMkalpa pUrvaka kI gaI hiMsA nhiiN| ___ jaina darzana kA mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai- 'kriyamANa kRta' (kaDemANekaDe)- arthAt jo kArya kiyA jA rahA hai, use kiyA huA mAnA jAtA hai| dhanurdhArI vyakti ne pratyaJcA para bANa ko car3hA diyaa| pratyaJcA ko khIMcakara bANa ko vartulAkAra banA diyaa| bANa ko pheMkane kI taiyArI meM thaa| uparyukta siddhAMta ke anusAra nisRjyamAna ko nisRSTa hI mAnA jaaegaa| isaliye vaha dhanurdhara hI mRga kA vadhaka hogaa|80 uparyukta carcA kA mukhya lakSya vaira-baMdha ke kAraNa va svarUpa kA vimarza hai| gauNa lakSya kriyA kA vimarza hai| bhagavatI bhASya meM vaira-baMdha ke do kAraNa haiM- Asannavadha aura anvkaaNkssaavRtti| vadhaka-vadhya ko mAratA hai taba vaira kA baMdha hotA hai| usa baMdha ke phalasvarUpa vadhya nikaTa bhaviSya meM vadhaka ko mAra detA hai|81 yoga sUtra meM bhI AsannakAla meM karma-vipAka kA ullekha hai| maharSi pataMjalI ne dRSTa janma vedanIya aura adRSTa janma vedanIya kI bAta kahI hai| 82 vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ne vadha se hone vAle baMdha ko jaghanyodayI (zIghra udaya meM Ane vAlA) kahA hai|83 bhagavatI bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ke abhimata se bhI tIvra saMvegajanya puNya, tIvra kleza-janya pApa sadyovipAkI hotA hai|839 bhagavatI ke nauveM zataka meM vaira - sparza kI vistRta carcA hai| 84 jo vyakti para prANa se nirapekSa hokara vaira - baMdha meM pravRta hotA hai, vaha anavakAMkSaNa vRttika hai| anavakAMkSaNa vRtti bhI vairAnubaMdhI vaira kI nimitta bana jAtI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tattva pratipAdana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa AlApaka meM vyavahAra naya se hiMsA kI samasyA para ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| kisI vyakti ne kisI para zastra kA prahAra kiyA, usa prahAra se yadi vaha kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 27

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vyakti chaha mAsa kI avadhi meM mara jAtA hai to prahArakartA pAMca kriyAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| yadi chaha mAsa ke bAda maratA hai to prANAtipAta kriyA nahIM hotii| prANAtipAta ko chor3akara zeSa cAra kriyAeM lagatI haiN| ___isake pIche tarka yaha hai ki chaha mAsa kI avadhi meM hone vAlI mRtyu prahAra hetuka hai| usake pazcAt hone vAlI pariNAmakRta mRtyu hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra yaha niyama vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se hai| nizcaya naya se prahAra hetuka maraNa kisI bhI avadhi meM ho, usase prANAtipAta kI kriyA saMbhava ho jaayegii| prastuta prasaMga meM yaha prazna bhI svAbhAvika hai ki chaha mAsa kI avadhi kA hI nirdhAraNa kyoM kiyA gayA ? zAstrakAroM ne isakA koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyaa| DaoN. sikadara ne bhAratIya daNDa saMhitA kI dhArA 299, 300 aura 302 ke sAtha isa chaha mAsa kI avadhi vAle niyama kA aucitya batalAyA hai|86kh kriyA ke sAtha tIna pariNamana jur3e hue haiM-prANAtipAta kA atItakAlIna saMskAra, jo prANAtipAta pApa-sthAna kahalAtA hai| vartamAna meM hone vAlI prANAtipAta kI pravRtti jo prANAtipAta kriyA kahalAtI hai aura prANAtipAta se hone vAlA karma-baMdhana jo prANAtipAta kI pariNati kahalAtA hai| 7 gautama ke dvArA pUche gaye prazna aura mahAvIra ke diye gaye uttara isa tathya kI puSTi karate haiM gautama- atthi NaM bhaMte ! jIvANaM pANAivAeNaM kiriyA kajjai? mahAvIra-haMtA atthiA gautama- sA bhaMte ! kiM puTThA kajjai ? apuTThA kajjai ? mahAvIra- goyamA ! puTThA kajjai, no apuTThA kajjai, jAvanivvAghAeNaM chaddisiM, vAghAyaM paDucca siyA tidisi, siyA caudisiM, siyA pNcdisiN| gautama-sA bhaMte ! kiM kaDA kajai ! no akaDA kjji| goyamA! kaDA kajjai, no akaDA kajjai sA bhaMte! kiM attakaDA kajjai? parakaDA kajjai? tadubhaya kaDA kajjai? sA bhante! kiM attakaDA kajjai? parakaDA kajjai? tadumaya kaDA kajjai? mahAvIra- goyamA ! sA anakaDA kajjae, no parakaDA kajjai, no tadubhaya kaDA kjj| bhante! kyA jIvoM kI prANAtipAta kriyA hotI hai? hAM, hotI hai| bhante! kyA vaha spRSTa hotI hai athavA aspRSTa hotI hai? ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 58

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gautama! yaha spRSTa hotI hai, aspRSTa nahIM hotI yAvata vyAghAta na hone para prANAtipAtakriyA chahoM dizAoM meM hotI hai, vyAghAta hone para tIna, cAra athavA pAMca dizAoM meM hotI hai| bhante! kyA vaha kRta hotI hai? athavA akRta hotI hai? gautama! vaha kRta hotI hai, akRta nahIM hotii| bhante! kyA vaha AtmakRta hotI hai? parakRta hotI hai? athavA abhayakRta hotI hai? gautama! vaha AtmakRta hotI hai, parakRta nahIM hotI, abhayakRta bhI nahIM hotii|88 bhagavatI kA yaha saMvAda spaSTa karatA hai ki jIva prANAtipAta kriyA karatA hai, vaha spRSTa hotI hai, aspRSTa nhiiN| yadi nirvyAghAta ho to chahoM dizAoM se aura savyAghAta ho to kadAcit tIna, cAra, pAMca dizAoM se spRSTa hotI hai| vaha kriyA AtmakRta, parakRta yA ubhayakRta hotI hai| spRSTa hone kA artha hai prANAtipAta karanevAle se usakA tAdAtmya sthApita ho jAtA hai| kriyA kRta hotI hai akRta nhiiN| yaha jaina darzana ke Atma kartRtvavAdI siddhAMta kI puSTi karatI hai| kriyA AnupUrvIkRta hotI hai, anAnupUrvIkRta nahIM hotii| AnupUrvI kA artha hai- krama aura anAnupUrvI kA artha hai- akrama, eka sAtha na honaa| jisameM pUrva aura pazcAt kA vibhAga na ho| eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA hotI hai do, tIna, cAra nhiiN| pratyeka kriyA kA apanA-apanA kAla hotA hai| jahAM kAlagata krama hai vahAM AnupUrvIkRta honA avazyaMbhAvI hai| prANAtipAta kriyA aura caubIsa daMDaka naraka ke jIva bhI prANAtipAta kriyA karate haiN| ve niyamata: chahoM dizAoM se spRSTa hote haiN| ekendriya jIvoM ko chor3akara vaimAnika taka ke sabhI jIva nairayika kI bhAMti vaktavya haiN| ekendriya sAmAnya jIva kI taraha vaktavya haiN| kriyA aura karma-baMdha __ panavaNA ke anusAra jIva prANAtipAta kriyA se sAta yA ATha karma-prakRtiyoM kA baMdha karatA hai| AyuSya sahita ATha kA baMdha karatA hai / yadi Ayu kA baMdha pUrva meM ho cukA hai to sAta karma prakRtiyoM kA baMdha karatA hai| nAraka se vaimAnika taka jIvoM ke liye eka hI niyama hai| isa prakAra ekendriya jIvoM ko chor3akara sabhI ke tIna - tIna vikalpa haiN| (a) sAta karma prakRti kA baMdha hotA hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 59

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(ba) koI sAta aura koI ATha kA baMdha karate haiN| (sa) aneka sAta aura aneka ATha karma kA baMdha karate haiN| prANAtipAta kriyA ke prakAra prANAtipAta kriyA ke do prakAra haiM-1. svahasta prANAtipAta kriyA 2.parahasta prANAtipAta kriyaa| svahasta prANAtipAta kriyA "svahastena svaprANAn nirvedAdinA paraprANAn vA krodhAdinA atipAtayataH svahasta prANAtipAta kriyaa|"89 nirAzA athavA krodhAveza meM giripatana, agni-praveza-jala praveza yA zastroM se athavA apane hAthoM se svayaM kA yA dUsaroM ke prANoM kA hanana karanA svahasta prANAtipAtikI kriyA hai| parahasta prANAtipAta kriyA dUsare ke dvArA apane yA parAye prANoM kA atipAta karanA parahasta prANAtipAta kriyA hai| kAyikI Adi kriyA paMcaka ko 'AyojikA kriyA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| 'AyojayaMti jIva saMsAre ityAyojikA' jIva ko saMsAra se jor3ane vAlI kriyA AyojikA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra saMkalpakRta aura asaMkalpakRta hiMsA se honevAle karma-baMdha meM tAratamya ho sakatA hai kintu kisI se baMdhana ho aura kisI se nahIM, aisA nahIM ho sktaa| saMkalpa vyakta mana kA pariNAma hai| pramAda avyakta cetanA kA aura adhyavasAya sUkSma mana kA kArya hai| virati ke abhAva meM sthUla mana kA saMkalpa na hone para bhI jIva-vadhajanita hiMsA hogii| bauddhoM ne baMdha-abaMdha kA AdhAra saMkalpa-asaMkalpa ko mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM pramAda-apramAda, rAga-dveSAtmaka AtmA kI azuddha pariNati mAtra hiMsA hai|90(k) hiMsA se virata na honA hI hiMsA hai| pravRtti rUpa hiMsA vartamAna meM hotI hai| kintu avirati rUpa hiMsA nirantara hotI hai| AcArya bhikSu ne indriyavAdI kI caupAI meM kahA hiMsA rI avirata nirantara huvai, hiMsA ro joga niraMtara naahii| hiMsA rA joga to hiMsA kare jadi, vicAra dekho bhana maaNhii||1(kh) prazna-jo pravRtti se rahita hai, jinakA jJAna avyakta hai, aise jIvoM ke liye hiMsA kaise saMbhava hai ? isa saMdarbha meM samAdhAna dete hue kahA gayA- avasara, sAdhana aura zakti 60 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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Adi kAraNoM ke abhAva meM ve hiMsA karane meM samartha nahIM hai kintu SaD-jIvanikAya kI hiMsA se virata nahIM hone se unheM bhI hiMsA lgegii| avyakta cetanA vAle ke pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA - yaha kahanA nyAya saMgata nhiiN| eka vadhaka kisI kAraNa se AkRSTa hokara, gAthApati, rAjA, rAjakumAra kI hatyA karane kI khoja meM hai, avasara upalabdha nahIM huA, ghAta nahIM kara sakA, kintu ghAtaka bhAvoM ke AdhAra para vaha hiMsaka hI hai| isI prakAra ekendriya ho yA vikalendriya, mithyAtvAdi AzravoM se saMyukta hone se prANAtipAta Adi pApoM se dUSita hote haiN| 90(ga) prazna hai ki hiMsA ke bhAva paricita prANiyoM para to ho sakate haiM kintu jo prANI aparicita, atyanta sUkSma haiM, bAdara hote hue bhI aparyApta haiM, aise ananta prANI haiM jo deza-kAla aura svabhAva se atyanta dUravartI haiM aura jinameM na pratyakSa saMparka hai, na paricaya, unake prati hiMsA ke bhAva akAraNa kaise hogeM ? isaliye prANI mAtra ke prati hiMsA ke bhAva kI bAta kahAM taka tarkasaMgata hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki hiMsA kI sUkSma gaharAI taka pahuMca pAnA sabhI ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai| uparyukta hiMsA sUkSma hone ke sAtha yathArtha bhI hai| kisI ne pUre gAMva ko samApta karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| vaha hiMsA ke lie samudyata ho rahA hai| usI samaya kucha loga gAMva se anyatra cale jAte haiM, unheM vaha mAra nahIM sakA phira bhI vaha unakA ghAtaka hai; kyoMki unake prati usakA hiMsA kA saMkalpa hai| isI prakAra apratyAkhyAnI (avirata) vyakti dUrastha aura sUkSma prANiyoM kA bhI hiMsaka hai| hiMsA kA sambandha kevala zarIra se hI nahIM, bhAvoM ke sAtha bhI hai| ise spaSTa karane ke liye do udAharaNa bhI aprAsaMgika nahIM hoNge| eka vyakti pRthvIkAya ke atirikta prANiyoM ke AraMbha kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha pRthvIkAya kA hiMsaka hai| pUchane para vaha yahI kahegA ki maiM pRthvIkAya kA AraMbha karatA huuN| usane kisI lAla, pIlI, kAlI Adi pRthvI-vizeSa kA tyAga nahIM kiyA isalie dUra yA nikaTavartI pRthvI mAtra kA vaha hiMsaka mAnA jaayegaa| __dUsarA prasaMga asaMjJI prANiyoM ke sambandha meM hai jinameM saMjJA, tarka kisI vastu ke AlocanAtmaka tathA mananAtmaka zakti kA abhAva hai| unameM viziSTa pravRtti kA bhI abhAva hai tathApi ve prANAtipAtAdi aThAraha pApoM se lipta hote haiN| ve duHkha, zoka aura pIr3A dene kI bhAvanA se mukta nahIM haiN| ata: avirati ke kAraNa asaMjJI jIvoM ke bhI karmabaMdha kA pravAha nirantara hotA rahatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki kisI bhI viSaya meM nirNaya karane kI nizcaya aura vyavahAra do kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 61

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dRSTiyAM haiN| vyavahAra dRSTi vastu ke bAharI svarUpa taka sImita rahatI hai| nizcaya dRSTi kI pahuMca Antarika svarUpa taka hai| vyavahAra dRSTi meM loka vyavahAra kI pramukhatA hai jabaki nizcaya dRSTi meM vastu-sthiti kA Akalana kiyA jAtA hai| vyavahAra dRSTi meM jahAM prANavadha hai, vahAM hiMsA hai| jahAM prANa-vadha nahIM hai, vahAM ahiMsA hai| nizcaya dRSTi se asat pravRtti arthAt rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti hiMsA hai| satpravRtti ahiMsA hai| ina dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para hiMsA-ahiMsA kI caturbhaMgI banatI hai (a) dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA (ba) dravya hiMsA aura bhAva ahiMsA (sa) dravya ahiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA (da) dravya ahiMsA aura bhAva ahiMsA rAga-dveSa vaza hone vAlA prANavadha dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA hai| eka zikArI hiraNa ko mAratA hai- yaha dravya aura bhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se hiMsA rUpa pahalA vikalpa hai| rAga-dveSa ke binA honevAlA prANavadha dravya hiMsA kintu bhAva ahiMsA hai| eka saMyamI purUSa sAvadhAnI pUrvaka calatA hai, tathA Avazyaka daihika kriyAeM bhI karatA haiN| usake dvArA azakya parihAra koTi kA prANavadha ho jAtA hai, vaha vyavahAra meM hiMsA hai kyoMki vaha prANI kI mRtyu kA nimitta banatA hai aura vAstava meM ahiMsA hai kyoMki usakI pravRtti rAga-dveSAtmaka nahIM hai| rAga-dveSa yukta vicAra se prANI para prahAra karatA hai, prANavadha nahIM hotA, vaha dravya ahiMsA hai kintu bhAva hiMsA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka vyakti ne sAMpa dekhaa| mArane kA saMkalpa kiyA kintu mArA nhiiN| usane DaMDA uThAyA, sAMpa bhAga gayA, mArane meM asamartha rahA, yaha bhI tIsarA vikalpa hai| sAMpa ko dekhA para mana meM koI pratikriyA nahIM huii| zuddha cintana hai ki niraparAdha kI hatyA kyoM karUM ? yaha cauthA vikalpa hai| isa prakAra dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA ke ye cAra samIkaraNa banate haiN| ye samIkaraNa vicitra pratIta hote haiN| ina sabake pIche mUla tathya yahI hai ki avirata prANiyoM meM bhAva hiMsA anivArya rUpa se pAI jAtI hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki jahAM bhAva hiMsA ho vahAM dravya hiMsA ho hii| phalitArtha yaha hai ki hiMsA meM vANI aura zarIra kA jitanA yoga hotA hai utanA mana kA bhI hotA hai| hiMsA kI taraha ahiMsA kI bhI aneka kasauTiyAM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM bauddhoM kI ahiMsaka mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai| ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM tIna prazna mukhya haiM (a) kyA jIva-vadha hone se hiMsA hotI hai ? ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(ba) kyA jIva-vadha na hone para hiMsA hotI hai ? (sa) kyA jIva- vadha hone para bhI hiMsA nahIM hotI ? ina praznoM para ciMtakoM ne alaga-alaga samAdhAna prastuta kiye haiN| bauddhoM kA uttara isa prakAra hai - 1. sattva hai 2. sattva - saMjJA hai 3. mArane kA cintana hai 4. prANI mara jAtA hai| ina cAroM kI samanviti hone para hiMsA hotI hai, hiMsA - janya karma kA upacaya hotA hai / " kisa sthiti meM hiMsA nahIM hotI, isakA bhI sUtrakRtAMga meM ullekha hai| niyuktikAra ke anusAra abaMdhakAraka cAra avasthAeM haiM (a) parijJopacita - kevala mAnasika paryAlocana se kisI prANI kA vadha nahIM hotaa| (ba) avijJopacita- ajJAta avasthA meM prANI kA vadha ho bhI jAye to hiMsAjanita karma kA caya nahIM hotaa| (sa) IryApatha - calate samaya koI jIva mara jAtA hai, usase hiMsA janya karma kA saMcaya nahIM hotA kyoMki vahAM mArane kA abhiprAya nahIM hotaa| (da) svapnAntika - svapna meM jIva-vadha ho jAne para bhI hiMsA sambandhI karma kA caya nahIM hotaa| ina cAroM se mAtra karma kA sparza hotA hai jo sUkSma taMtu-baMdhana kI taraha tatkAla chinna ho jAtA hai athavA sUkhI dIvAra para cipakane vAlI dhUla ke samAna zIghra hI nIce gira jAtA hai| jIva vadha ke prati kRta, kArita aura anumodita - ina tInoM kA prayoga hone para yA kisI eka ke prayoga hone para bhI karma kA upacaya hotA hai| parijJopacita aura anumodana donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| parijJopacita meM kevala mAnasika cintana hai aura anumodana meM dUsare dvArA kiye jAne vAle jIva vadha kA samarthana hai| 92 jaina mAnyatA meM hiMsA ahiMsA kA mApadaNDa pramAda-apramAda hai| hiMsA kA saMkalpa ho yA na ho, yadi pramAda kI vidyamAnatA hai to hiMsA saMbhava hai| apramatta aura vItarAga ke mana meM hiMsA kA saMkalpa hI paidA nahIM hotaa| ata: unake dvArA jIva- vadha ho bhI jAye to unake hiMsAjanita karma-baMdha nahIM hotaa| pramatta jIvoM ke karma-baMdha kI kriyA satata cAlU rahatI hai| kriyApaMcaka aura caubIsa daNDaka caubIsa daNDakoM meM kAyikI Adi kriyA-paMcaka kI mImAMsA tathA eka jIva kI anya jIva yA jIvoM ke prati kitanI kriyA lagatI hai- ise hama nimnAMkita tAlikA se samajha sakate haiM kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 63

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syAt 5 syAta 3 sAmAnya rUpa se eka jIva kI anya jIva ke prati kriyA jIva anya jIva ke prati syAt 3|syAt 4 syAt 5 | syAt akriya nAraka yAvat stanita kumAra ke prati syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt : syAt akriya pRthvIkAya yAvat manuSya ke prati | syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt 5 syAt akriya vANavyaMtara,jyotiSI,vaimAnika ke prati | syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt 5 | syAt akriya eka nAraka yAvat eka deva ke prati | syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt 5 | syAt akriya aneka jIva kI eka jIva ke prati | syAt 3| syAt 4| syAt 5 | syAt akriya nAraka jIva kI anya jIva ke prati kriyA nAraka kI kisI eka jIva ke prati syAt 3 | syAt 4 nAraka kA kisI eka nAraka ke prati syAt 3 |syAt 4 | syAt 5 nAraka, deva atirikta anya jIva ke prati syAt 5 nAraka kA kisI eka deva ke prati syAt 3 | syAt 4 | syAt 5 nAraka kA kisI bhI nAraka yA deva ke prati syAt 3 |syAt 4 | syAt 5 asurakumAra va manuSya ko chor3akara anya sabhI daNDaka ke jIvoM ke viSaya meM nAraka kI taraha hI uparyukta 4-4 AlApaka jJAtavya haiN| manuSya ke sambandha meM tIna - cAra - pAMca kriyAeM hotI haiM aura kabhI manuSya akriya bhI hotA hai|93 jIva aura nAraka ke parakIya audArika zarIra kI apekSA se kriyAeM jIva parakIya audArika zarIra | syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt 5 syAtakriya kI apekSA nAraka parakIya audArika zarIra | syAt 3| syAt 4 | syAt / / kI apekSA asura kumAra yAvat vaimAnika deva | syAt 3 | syAt 4 | syAt 5 parakIya audArika zarIra kI apekSA manuSya parakIya audArika zarIra syAt 3 syAt 4 syAt 5 | syAt akriya kI apekSA gautama svAmI ne mahAvIra se pUchA- bhagavan ! eka jIva ko bahuta jIvoM ke zarIra 64 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kI apekSA, bahuta jIvoM ko bahuta jIvoM ke zarIra kI apekSA, bahu zarIra kI apekSA kitanI kriyAeM hotI haiM ? jIvoM ko eka jIva mahAvIra - gautama ! tIna - cAra yA pAMca kriyAeM hotI haiN| 94 (ka) zeSa cAra zarIra vaikriya, AhAraka, taijas, kArmaNa kA vinAza ho sakatA hai isalie unakI apekSA tIna yA cAra kriyAeM hotI haiM unake pAMcavIM kriyA nahIM hotI / nAraka se vaimAnika taka isI prakAra AlApaka jJAtavya haiN| prazna yaha hotA hai ki nairayika adholoka meM sthita hai| AhAraka zarIrI manuSya loka meM sthita hotA hai| ataH nAraka AhAraka zarIra kI apekSA tIna-cAra kriyA vAlA kaise ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna svarUpa kahA gayA hai ki nAraka jIva ke pUrva tyakta zarIra kI asthi Adi se AhAraka zarIra kI sparzanA-paritApanA ho sakatI hai| avirati kI apekSA nAraka jIva tIna-cAra kriyA se spRSTa hotA hai| kAyikI kriyA paMcaka aura vedanA samudghAta samudghAta zabda yaugika hai| sama + ud + ghAta * ina tIna zabdoM ke yoga se samudghAta zabda niSpanna hotA hai, isakA artha hai - Atma pradezoM kA zarIra se bAhara niklnaa| samudghAta sAta haiM- vedanA, kaSAya, mAraNAntika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kevala / prastuta prasaMga meM kevala vedanA samudghAta kI carcA hI prAsaMgika hai| prabala asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai taba vedanA samudghAta hotA hai| zarIra se jina pudgaloM ko bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai, ve tatra sthita prANa- bhUta- jIva-satva kA hanana karate haiN| una jIvoM meM kaMpana hotA hai, saMghAta, klAmanA aura paritApa hotA hai, prANoM kA atipAta bhI ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa jIva ke tIna-cAra kriyAeM hotI haiN| isI prakAra kaSAya, mAraNAntika, vaikriya, AhAraka samudghAta hotA hai| vizeSa yaha hai ki pRthvI, ap, taijasa, vanaspati aura tIna vikalendriya jIvoM ke vaikriya samudghAta nahIM hotaa| AhAraka samudghAta kevala manuSya hI kara sakatA hai, anya nhiiN| kevalI samudghAta karanevAle bhAvitAtmA aNagAra ke antima samaya meM nirjarita pudgala sUkSma hote haiN| isaliye kevalI ke kAyikI Adi kriyAeM nahIM hotI / mAtra airyApathika kriyA hotI hai| ina tathyoM ko nimnAMkita cArTa se bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 65

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audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, syAt 3 | syAt 4 | syAt 5 kArmaNa kA nirmANa zrotrendriya,cakSurindriya,ghrANendriya,rasanendriya, syAt 3 | syAt 4 | syAt 5 sparzanendriya kA nirmANa manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAya yoga kA nirmANa | syAt 3 | syAt 4 | syAt 5 | uparyukta 13 AlApaka eka vacana, bahuvacana kI apekSA 26 AlApaka ho jAte haiN| pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko zvAsa-ni:zvAsa grahaNa karane meM syAt tIna-cAra-pAMca kriyAeM spRSTa hotI haiN| pRthvIkAya kI taraha hI anya sthAvara ke AlApaka jJAtavya haiN| kAyikI kriyApaMcaka kA paraspara sahabhAva kAyikI kriyA kI vidyamAnatA meM AdhikaraNikI aura prAdveSikI kriyA avazya hotI hai| prAraMbha kI tIna kriyAoM kA paraspara sahabhAva niyama se hai| Age kI do kriyAeM vaikalpika haiM arthAt ve kabhI hotI haiM aura kabhI nahIM bhI hotI haiN| isakA kAraNa zarIra adhikaraNa hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| isaliye adhikaraNikI kriyA hotI hai aura viziSTa kAyikI kriyA pradveSa ke binA nahIM hotii| mukha kI vakratA, rUkSatA Adi pradveSa ke lakSaNa pratyakSa dRSTigocara hote haiN| ata: tInoM kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| kisI ko paritApa dene yA prANa vyaparopaNa karane meM 4-5 kriyAeM bhI eka sAtha ho sakatI haiN| kahA bhI hai tisRbhizcatasRbhiratha paJcabhizca hiMsA samApyate krmshH| bandho'sya viziSTaH syAt yogapradveSasAmyaM cet||4(kh) kriyAoM ke sahabhAva ko tIna rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai- (1) prathama meM kAyikI Adi tIna kriyAeM / (2) dvitIya meM pAritApanikI ke sAtha cAra kriyaaeN| (3) prANAtipAta hone para pAMca kriyAeM / ArambhikI kriyA-paMcaka ____ Agama sAhitya meM kriyA ke aneka prakAroM kA ullekha hai| karma-baMdhana kI hetubhUta sabhI pravRttiyAM kriyA haiN| isa vyAkhyA meM kriyA ke sabhI prakAroM kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai| vivakSA ke AdhAra para saMkSipta yA vistAra rUpa se vivecana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM kriyAoM ke aneka paMcaka banAye gaye haiN| prANAtipAtAdi kriyA-paMcaka ke bAda ArambhikI Adi kriyA paMcaka kI prastuti iSTa hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA mithyA darzana pratyayA kriyA apratyA apratyA- kiyA rigrahikI ArambhikI kriyA khyAna / kriyA kiya kriyA pratyayA 66

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(1) ArambhikI kriyA (Damage to the envirorment such as digging earth, tearing leaves etc.) Arambha kA tAtparya hai - pravRtti / zabda koSa meM isake aneka nirvacana haiN| 94 (ga) udAharaNArtha - prastuti, zurU, kArya, prayatna, abhimAna, vadha, utpatti, upakrama, tIvratA Adi / dharma graMthoM meM Arambha kA artha hiMsA (Violence ) hai| prajJApanA meM likhA hai AraMbha - pRthivyAdyupamardaH, uktaM caH 'saMrabho saMkappo paritAvakaro bhave samArambho / AraMbho uddavao suddhanayAnaM tu savvesiM athavA 'AraMbha: prayojanaM kAraNaM yasyAH sA ArambhikI // arthAt jisameM pRthvI Adi jIvoM kA upamardana athavA unake prati upadrava kiyA jAtA hai, vaha kriyA ArambhikI kahalAtI hai|" abhayadevasUri ne Arambha kA artha jIvoM kA upaghAta yA upadravaNa kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM isa zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyataH pratyeka Azrava kI pravRtti ke liye kiyA jA sakatA hai| " bhagavatI meM 'Arambha zabda kA prayoga avirati aura yoga Azrava ke saMdarbha meM huA hai| 7 96 99 vaidika kAla meM Arambha ke sthAna para Alambha zabda milatA hai| usa samaya 'Alambha' kA tAtparya pazubalI thaa| 'ralayorekatvam ' prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke isa sUtra se 'la' ke sthAna para 'ra' hone se uttaravartI sAhitya meM Arambha kA prayoga hiMsA ke artha meM hone lgaa| cUrNikAra ne Arambha kA artha ajJAna, kaSAya, no kaSAya athavA asaMyama kiyA hai| " Arambha se hone vAlI kriyA ArambhikI kriyA hai| yaha hiMsA sambandhI kriyA hai / " uparyukta tathya ko puSTa karate hue zlokavArtika meM bhI kahA hai ki chedana Adi kriyA meM Asakta athavA dUsaroM kI hiMsA sambandhI kAryoM meM praharSa citta AraMbhikI kriyA hai / 100 AyAro ke anusAra 'AraMbha' kriyA kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai / 101 azubhayogajanya asat pravRtti ArambhikI kriyA hai| chaThe guNasthAnavartI pramatta saMyata azubhayogajanya pravRtti ke kAraNa hI AraMbhI kahalAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki muni banane ke lie sabhI kriyAoM, AraMbhoM ko jAnanA aura chor3anA anivArya hai| 102 AraMbhikI kriyA ke do prakAra haiM (1) jIva ArambhikI, (2) ajIva aarmbhikii| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 67

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(1) jIva ArambhikI- pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura gatizIla jIvoM kI hiMsA kA jaba taka pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka jitanA bhI AraMbha hotA hai, vaha jIva ArambhikI kriyA hai| (2) ajIva ArambhikI- vRttikAra ne isakA Azaya spaSTa kiyA hai ki jIva ke mRta zarIroM, piSTa, kapar3A, kAgaja, cInI Adi se nirmita jIvAkRtiyoM meM hiMsaka pravRtti ajIva ArambhikI kriyA hai|103 cUrNikAra104 ne chedana, bhedana, pAcana Adi kriyAoM tathA vRttikAra ne yaMtra-pIlana, nilAMchana Adi 15 prakAra kA karmAdAna, jinameM koyaloM kA nirmANa,danta, keza, lAkha Adi kA vyApAra, sarovara, tAlAba Adi ko khAlI karanA, jaMgaloM ko jalAnA Adi kriyAoM ko mahAArambha ke antargata mAnA hai|105 . (3) pArigrahikI kriyA (Possessive Clinging)- sthAnAMga vRttikAra ke anusAra yaha kriyA jIva aura ajIva ke parigraha se utpanna hotI hai|106tttvaarthvaartik meM usakI vyAkhyA bhinna prakAra se upalabdha hai| usake anusAra parigraha kI surakSA ke lie hone vAlI pravRtti pArigrahikI kriyA hai| 107 parigraha arthAt mamatva bhAva yA Asakti, isase lagane vAlI kriyA pArigrahikI hai| Avazyaka sAdhanoM ke sImAkaraNa ke abhAva meM vizva meM vidyamAna sampUrNa parigraha kI kriyA se vyakti spRSTa hotA hai| parakIya vastu para Asakti bhI parigrahajanya kriyA hai| kahA bhI gayA-"pAriggahiya"- parigraho dharmopakaraNaM varNya vastusvIkAraH dharmopakaraNamUrchA ca sa prayojanaM yasyAH sA paarigrhikii|''108 parigraha se tAtparya dharmopakaraNa ko chor3akara anya vastuoM kA grahaNa aura dharmopakaraNa meM Asakti hai, tajjanika kriyA pArigrAhikI kriyA hai| anyatra bhI kahA hai- 'maiM aura merA' isa bhAva se kI jAne vAlI viSayAsakti pArigrahikI kriyA hai| pArigrahikI kriyA ke prakAra- pArigrahikI kriyA ke do prakAra haiM- (1) jIva pArigrahikI (2) ajIva paarigrhikii| jIva pArigrahikI- kuTumba, parivAra, dAsa-dAsI, gAya-bhaiMsa, pazu-pakSI, dhanadhAnya Adi sthAvara jIvoM para mamatvabhAva jIva pArigrahikI kriyA hai| ajIva pArigrahikI- sonA-cAMdI, makAna, vastra-AbhUSaNa, zayana-Asana Adi nirjIva vastuoM para mamatvabhAva ajIva pArigrahikI kriyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM gautama svAmI kA prazna hai- nairayika jIva AraMbha aura parigraha se yukta hote haiM athavA mukta ? 68 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prazna ko samAhita karate hue kahA- nairayika AraMbha-parigraha se yukta hote haiN|109 AraMbha aura parigraha donoM jIva kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyAM haiN| ye vRttiyAM nairayika, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva sabhI sAMsArika jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| sAMsArika jIvoM ke chaha vargIkaraNa hai- pRthvI, ap, taijasa, vAyu, vanaspati aura trskaay| nairayika sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai isaliye vaha sAraMbhI hai| bhagavatI meM parigraha ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM- zarIra, karma, sacitta-acitta mizra dravyA110 sthAnAMga meM bhI tIna prakAra ke parigraha batAye haiM- tivihe pariggahe paNNatte, taM jahA - kamma pariggahe, sarIrapariggahe, bAhirabhaMDamattapariggahe arthAt karma parigraha, zarIra parigraha, upadhi prigrh| upadhi se tAtparya bhautika vastueM yA dravya, padArtha, vastra-pAtra Adi hai|111 nairayika ke pAsa ye tInoM prakAra ke parigraha hote haiM isaliye ve saparigrahI haiN| sthAnAMga meM nairayika aura ekendriya ke pAsa tIsare prakAra ke parigraha kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| prazna hotA hai yaha antara kyoM ? samAdhAna hai ki upadhi parigraha do prakAra kA hai- 1. bhavana, Asana, zayana, pAtra aadi| 2. AhAra ke liye upayukta sacitta, acitta, mizra drvy| nairayika sacitta, acitta, mizra dravya rUpa parigraha kA upayoga karate haiM kintu unake pAsa bhavana, strI, Asana, zayana Adi kA parigraha nahIM hotaa| deva ke prasaMga meM ina donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA ullekha hai| nairayika kI taraha hI ekendriya jJAtavya hai| sacitta, acitta, mizra dravya rUpa parigraha nairayika aura ekendriya meM bhI hotA hai| isaliye sthAnAMga kI vaktavyatA meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| dvIndriya jIva bAhya padArthoM kA saMgraha karate hai| ve apane liye miTTI ke gharoMde bhI banA lete haiN|112 isaliye unakA ekendriya se bhinna vivecana hai| tiryaJca paMcendriya aura manuSya bhI nairayika jIvoM kI taraha hI jJAtavya haiN| AraMbha aura parigraha mokSa mArga ke avarodhaka hai| sthAnAMga sUtra ke dUsare sthAna (adhyAya) meM AraMbha - parigraha kA vistRta vivecana hai| bAIsa sUtroM meM AraMbha-parigraha kI pravRtti se hone vAlI anupalabdhi-upalabdhi kI carcA bhI milatI hai| vahAM Arambha aura parigraha ke tyAga se hone vAlI upalabdhi-anupalabdhi isa prakAra haiM___ 1. kevalI prajJapta dharma kA zravaNa - Apta puruSoM dvArA pratipAdita satyamArga kA zravaNa kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 60

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2. vizuddha bodhi kA anubhava - nirmala jJAnodaya / 3. sampUrNa anagAritA - gRhasthAvAsa se nivRtti / 4. sampUrNa brahmacaryAvAsa . - kAmavAsanA se mukta jIvana / 5. sampUrNa saMyama ___- adhyAtma ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpaNa / 6. sampUrNa saMvara - pApamaya pravRtiyoM kA nirodh| 7. sampUrNa abhinibodhika jJAna - indriyajanya nirNAyaka jJAna / 8. vizuddha avadhijJAna - maryAdApUrvaka mUrta dravyoM ko jAnane vAlA atIndriya jnyaan| 9. manaHparyAya jJAna ___- mana ko jAnane vAlA atIndriya jJAna / 10. vizuddha kevalajJAna - pUrNa nirAvaraNa jJAna, sarvaloka va sarvajIvoM ke samasta bhAvoM ko jaannaa| ina upalabdhiyoM meM pratyeka caraNa agale caraNa ke vikAsa ke liye anivArya hai| pUrva bhUmikA evaM uttara bhUmikA meM kAraNa-kArya sambandha hai|1129 prathama cAra upalabdhiyoM kA svarUpa vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM bhUmikAoM para saMbhava hai| sAmAnyataH paramparAgata sAdhanA meM unakI vyAvahArika bhUmikA para hI adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai aura naizcayika bhUmikA gauNa ho jAtI hai| pAMcaveM caraNa se Age kI upalabdhiyAM kevala AtmA se sambandha rakhatI haiN| unheM vyavahAra kI bhUmikA para ghaTita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sArI samasyAoM kA mUla hiMsA aura parigraha / unakA dRr3ha abhimata thA ki jo vyakti hiMsA aura parigraha kI vAstavikatA ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha na dharma kA adhikArI hotA hai, na bodhi ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura na satya kA sAkSAtkAra hI kara sakatA hai| karma-baMdha ke mUla hetu AraMbha aura parigraha haiN| rAga-dveSa, moha bhI baMdhana ke mUla kAraNa aura AraMbha parigraha ke preraka tattva haiN| donoM meM mukhyatA parigraha kI hai| AraMbha, parigraha ke liye hotA hai| jahAM parigraha hai vahAM hiMsA nizcita hai| donoM eka sikke ke hI do pahalU haiN| ___parigraha virati kA mahatvapUrNa upAya hai- parigraha kI parijJA, viveka karanA, parigraha ko jJa-parijJA se jAnakara pratyAkhyAna- parijJA se chodd'naa| aparigraha mokSa kA uttama upAya hai| isase vItarAgatA kI prApti hotI hai| 70 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(3) mAyA pratyayA kriyA (Deceitful Action)- isa kriyA kA sambandha kaSAya se hai| jaba taka sthUla yA sUkSma rUpa meM kaSAya AtmA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai taba taka prANI isa kriyA se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| dasaveM guNasthAna se Age kaSAya kA upazama yA kSaya ho jAtA hai| ataH vahAM mAyA pratyayA kriyA nahIM hai| mAyA kaSAya kA hI prakAra hai| eka ke grahaNa karane se dUsare bheda svata: gRhIta ho jAte haiN| RjutA kI mithyA saMsthiti kA nAma mAyA hai| sthAnAMga vRtti meM isake do artha kiye hai-113 mAyA ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA aura mAyA pUrNa cessttaaeN| mAyA arthAt anArjava, shtthtaa| kapaTa ke nimitta se jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha mAyA-pratyayikI kriyA hai|114 tattvArtha vArtikakAra ne jJAna-darzana aura cAritra sambandhI pravaMcanA ko mAyA kriyA mAnA hai|115 ye kevala pratIka rUpa haiN| vyApaka artha meM pratyeka prakAra kI pravaMcanA mAyA kahalAtI hai| mAyA ke do prakAra haiM- AtmabhAva vakratA, parabhAva vkrtaa| AtmabhAva vakratA-jahAM Atma bhAva aprazasta ho lekina bAhara se prazasta bhAvoM kA pradarzana ho| 'viSakumbha payomukham, jaisA vyavahAra ho, vaha AtmabhAva vakratA kriyA hai|116 parabhAva vakratA- jhUThA tola-mApa karanA, zuddha vastu meM azuddha kA mizraNa karanA parabhAva vakratA hai| yaha dUsaroM ko dhokhA dene ke abhiprAya se kI gaI kriyA hai| 117 kaI gUDhAcArI ullU ke paMkha kI taraha tuccha hokara bhI apane ko parvata ke samAna bar3A mAnate haiN| Arya hokara anArya bhASA kA prayoga karate haiN| akaraNIya kArya karake AlocanA, pratikramaNa nahIM krte| isa prakAra ke mAyAvI vyakti mAyA pratyayA kriyA se spRSTa hote haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra meM kriyA ke bAraha yugala haiN| unameM mAyA pratyayA kriyA kA ullekha do sthAnoM para huA hai| chaThe yugala meM mAyA pratyayA aura mithyAdarzana kriyA donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga hai| bArahaveM yugala meM preyaH pratyayA aura dveSa pratyayA yA doSa pratyayA donoM kA saha nAmollekha hai| preya:pratyayA ke do prakAra haiM- mAyA pratyayA aura lobha prtyyaa| bhagavatI vRttikAra ne mAyA kA artha RjutA kA abhAva kiyA hai| upalakSaNa se krodha Adi ke grahaNa kA saMketa bhI hai|118 krodha aura mAna ye do dveSa pratyayA ke bheda hai119 isaliye unakA grahaNa yahAM ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| AraMbhikI Adi pAMca kriyAoM meM mAyA pratyayA kriyA kA jo ullekha hai, usakA sambandha preya:pratyayA se hai aura vaha nauveM guNasthAna meM kSINa hotI hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 11

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eka vicAra dhArA meM mAyA ko kaSAya kA vAcaka mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se jayAcArya ne mAyA pratyayA kriyA kI prApti dasaveM guNasthAna taka batalAI hai|120 mAyI mithyAdRSTi zabda meM mithyAdRSTi ke sAtha 'mAyI' zabda kA sambandha sthAnAMga meM ullikhita kriyA ke chaThe yugala kI 'mAyA-pratyayA' ke sAtha saMbhava hai| mAyA-pratyayA aura mithyAdarzana pratyayA yugala ke pIche koI sApekSa dRSTi honI caahiye| cUMki eka dRSTi se vicAra kare to mAyA evaM asatya ekArthaka haiN| asatya kA artha hai- mAyA aura visaMvAdana yogA121 visaMvAdana yoga arthAt kathanI-karanI kA vaissmy| isI AdhAra para mAyA ke AtmabhAva vaMcana, parabhAva vaMcana do bheda kiye gaye haiN| (4) apratyAkhyAna kriyA (Harbouring passion and possessiveness)- pratyAkhyAna Antarika anAsakti kA pratIka hai| prati + A + khyA dhAtu aneka arthoM kI dyotaka hai jaise- parityAga karanA, sAvadha AcaraNa se nivRtta honA, asvIkAra karanA,122 niSedha karanA ityaadi|123 pratyAkhyAna eka pAribhASika zabda hai| isakA artha virati hai| apratyAkhyAna arthAt avirti| avirati-Azrava hai| karmAgama kA dvAra hai| "pratyAkhyAnAbhAve'niyatatvAdyatkiMcana kAritayA tatpratyayikA tannimittAbhAvAdutpadyate'pratyAkhyAna kriyaa|"124 pratyAkhyAna ke abhAva meM jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha apratyAkhyAna kriyA ke antargata AtA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM apratyAkhyAna kriyA kI karmazAstrIya paribhASA hai-saMyama ke vighAtaka karmoM kA udaya hone ke kAraNa viSayoM se anivRtti kI sthiti apratyAkhyAna kriyA hai| pratyAkhyAna kI yogyatA saba jIvoM meM samAna nahIM hotii| nairayikoM ke prabala asAtavedanIya ke saMvedana ke kAraNa pratyAkhyAna kI cetanA jAga nahIM sktii| prabala sAta vedanIya ke saMvedana ke kAraNa devoM meM pratyAkhyAna ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna nahIM hotaa| ekendriya se asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIva amanaska haiN| unameM mAnasika vikAsa kA abhAva hai| isaliye unameM vrata grahaNa kA saMkalpa asaMbhava hai| samanaska tiryaJca paMcendriya meM svalpa mAnasika vikAsa hone se pratyAkhyAna kI unameM AMzika kSamatA hotI hai| manuSya meM mAnasika vikAsa paryApta mAtrA meM hotA hai ata: ve AMzika yA pUrNa pratyAkhyAna kI dizA meM bar3ha sakate haiN| apratyAkhyAna jIva kI eka sAmAnya avasthA hai| usakA hetu ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 72

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apratyAkhyAna moha kA udaya hai| jina jIvoM meM pUrNa pratyAkhyAna kI kSamatA kA udbhava nahIM hotA, usakA hetu pratyAkhyAna moha kA udaya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnasika vikAsa aura cAritramoha karma kA kSayopazama- donoM kI yuti hone para hI AMzika yA pUrNa pratyAkhyAna kI cetanA jAgRta hotI hai| jaina darzanAnusAra apratyAkhyAna kI kriyA taba taka calatI hai jaba taka sAvadha yoga kI pUrNata: nivRtti nahIM ho jaatii| prazna hotA hai ki jinake mana-vacana-kAyA rUpa pravRtti hai, unake pApa-karma kA baMdha gamya hai, kintu jo sthANu kI taraha nizceSTa haiM, unake karma baMdha kaise hotA hai ? __ jainAgamoM ke anusAra karma-baMdha kA mUla kAraNa vyakta-avyakta mana, vacana aura kAyA nahIM apitu apratyAkhyAna hai| karma-baMdha do prakAra se hotA hai- pravRttijanya evaM anivRtti ruup| ekendriya jIvoM ke Azrava dvAra khule haiN| ata: unake anivRtti rUpa karmabaMdha hotA rahatA hai| avirati kA cakra rukatA nahIM hai, vaha svapna meM bhI satata rahatA hai| isI kAraNa samanaska yA amanaska jIvoM meM pratyAkhyAna cetanA kA udaya nahIM hotA, phalata: ve avirata kahalAte haiN| hamAre vyaktitva ke do pakSa hai- bAhya aura Antarika / bAharI vyaktitva kI pahacAna mana-vacana-kAyA janita pravRttiyoM se hotI hai| Antarika vyaktitva kA mAnaka hai- Azrava yA citta / pravRtti rUpa bAhya vyaktitva niSkriya hone para bhI karma-baMdha cAlu rahatA hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mUla-srota Antarika vyaktitva meM hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdha-mokSayoH' baMdha aura mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai-yaha avadhAraNA aMtima satya nahIM hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra mana kI pravRtti ke abhAva meM bhI baMdha hotA hai| isa viSaya meM naMdIsUtra meM varNita tIna prakAra kI saMjJAoM kA svarUpa bhI jJAtavya haiN| ve haiM- hetuvAdopadezikI, dIrghakAlikI, dRssttivaadopdeshikii| hetuvAdopadezikI- gamana, Agamana krnaa| dIrghakAlikI-jisameM IhA-apoha vimarza hotA hai| dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA-samyak jnyaan| asaMjJI jIvoM meM dIrghakAlikI saMjJA- tarka, prajJA aura mana ityAdi kA abhAva hotA hai| 125 hiMsA Adi kA bodha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA vAle jIvoM meM hI saMbhava hai| yadyapi saMjJI-asaMjJI meM adhyavasAyoM kA tAratamya rahatA hai phira bhI karma-baMdha kA hetu samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| ekendriya se caturindriya taka asaMjJI jIvoM meM koI prANI kisI bhI yoni meM janma lene kA karma-saMcaya kara sakatA hai| vaha kisI yoni vizeSa ke sAdha pratibaddha nahIM hai| arthAt manuSya marakara manuSya rUpa meM hI paidA ho, aisA niyama nahIM hai| vaha kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 73

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manuSya, nAraka, deva, tiryaJca kisI bhI yoni meM jA sakatA hai| pratyeka prANI 'sarvayonika' hai| yoniyoM ke saMvRta, vivRta, saMvRta-vivRta, zIta-uSNa, zItoSNa, sacitta, acitta, mizra Adi aneka prakAra haiN| sabhI yoniyAM karmahetuka haiN| isaliye eka dUsarI yoni meM jAnA Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai| eka janma meM prANI manarahita hai to yaha anivArya nahIM ki bhaviSya meM anya yoni meM jAkara bhI vaha amanaska hI rahe; vaha samanaska bhI bana sakatA hai| isa prasaMga meM saMkramaNa siddhAMta ke hetuoM ko samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM saMkramaNa ke cAra hetuoM kA nirdeza hai| unakI vyAkhyA cUrNikAra ne isa prakAra kI hai-126 (1) avivikta-baddha karma prANI se pRthak nahIM hote| kucha karmoM kA pRthakkaraNa ho jAtA hai kintu samagratayA vizodhana nhiiN| avaziSTa karmoM dvArA vartamAna janma meM udvartana kara jIva unake anurUpa sthAna meM utpanna ho jAte haiN| (2) avidhUta-jaise vastra ko jhaTaka kara dhoyA jAtA hai isI prakAra karmoM ko prakaMpita kara dene para bhI ve zeSa raha jAte haiM isalie jIva ko punarjanma lenA par3atA hai| (3) asamucchinna-karmoM kA sampUrNa uccheda nahIM hotA isaliye punarjanma hotA hai| (4) ananutapta-hiMsA Adi pravRttiyoM se karma-saMcaya (upacaya) kara jina jIvoM kA anutApa nahIM hotA, unake karmoM ke baMdha kA zithilIkaraNa nahIM hotA apitu karmabaMdhana apanA pragAr3ha vipAka dete hai| phalataH unakA janmAntara meM saMkramaNa hotA hai| saMkramaNa kA hetu karma hai| pUrvArjita karma sarvathA kSINa nahIM hote taba taka naye karmoM kA Agamana hotA rahatA hai| saMjJitva- asaMjJitva (mana kA honA athavA nahIM honA) bhI karmoM ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai| saMjJitva-asaMjJitva naimittika hai, naisargika nahIM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya aura kSayopazama inameM nimitta banatA hai| asaMjJitva udaya bhAva hai| saMjJitva kSayopazama bhAva hai| sUtrakAra kA pratipAdya hai ki jIva saMjJI ho yA asaMjJI, avirata hotA haiN| unameM pApa karmoM ke niSpAdana kI kSamatA hai| cUrNikAra ne pratihata aura pratyAkhyAta ko ekArthaka mAnakara unakA artha pratiSiddha yA nivArita kiyA hai| pratyAkhyAna kA itanA gahana aura sUkSma cintana jaina darzana kI viziSTatA hai| bauddha darzana meM AtmA kA astitva hI nahIM taba pratyAkhyAna kA prazna hI nahIM rhtaa| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA anutpanna, apracyuta hai, usameM pratyAkhyAna kI kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra anyAnya darzanoM meM bhI pratyAkhyAna sambandhI carcA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| sUtrakRtAMga ke caturtha adhyayana meM 'pratyAkhyAna- apratyAkhyAna' kI vizada vyAkhyA hai| vRttikAra ne ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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unakA nirUpaNa nyAya ke pAMca avayavoM-pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ke dvArA kiyA hai| (1) pratijJA - apratihata aura apratyAkhyAt kriyA sampanna AtmA pApAnubaMdhI hotI hai| (2) hetu - chaha jIva - nikAyoM meM jIva nirantara vyatipAta cittavAlA hotA hai| ( 3 ) dRSTAnta - rAjA gRhapati ko mAranevAlA hai| (4) upanaya - jaise vadhaka hiMsaka pariNAmoM se anivRtta hone ke kAraNa vadhya ke liye amitrabhUta hai, vaise hI virati ke abhAva meM AtmA sabhI jIvoM ke atipAta - adhyavasAya vAlA hotA hai| (5) nigamana - AtmA kI uparyukta sthiti hai, isaliye AtmA yA jIva pApAnubaMdhI hai| apratyAkhyAnI ke karma-baMdha aura phala- vipAka kI carcA ke pazcAt prazna uThatA hai ki prANI saMyata-virata - pratihata-pratyAkhyAta pApakarmA kaise ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki jaise apratyAkhyAnI ke liye SaD jIvanikAya saMsAra-bhramaNa meM nimitta hai vaise hI pratyAkhyAnI ke liye vaha mokSa kA hetu hai| bhava-bhramaNa ke jitane hetu haiM utane hI mokSa ke| donoM tulya hai| isa prasaMga meM supratyAkhyAna aura duSpratyAkhyAna ke viSaya meM gautama - mahAvIra saMvAda bhI mananIya haisupratyAkhyAna- duSpratyAkhyAna kriyA gautama ne pUchA- bhaMte! koI puruSa kahatA hai maiMne saba prANa- bhUta-jIva aura sattvoM ke vadha kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai| usakA vaha pratyAkhyAna, supratyAkhyAna hotA hai athavA duSpratyAkhyAna / gautama ! jo puruSa aisA kahatA hai, usakA pratyAkhyAna kabhI supratyAkhyAna hotA hai aura kabhI duSpratyAkhyAna hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ekAntavAdI nahIM the| unhoMneM vastu-satya kA pratipAdana naya athavA sApekSa dRSTi ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| pratyAkhyAna ko nirapekSa dRSTi se samIcIna - asamIcIna kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| koI vyakti jIva aura ajIva ko nahIM jaantaa| jIva viSayaka usakA jJAna spaSTa nahIM hai| vaha saba jIvoM ke vadha ke pratyAkhyAna kA pAlana kaise kara skegaa| 127 yahIM kAraNa hai ki usakA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai| isase viparIta supratyAkhyAna hai| abhayadevasUri kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki jIvAjIva ke samyak jJAna ke kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 75

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abhAva meM pratyAkhyAna kA yathAvat pAlana nahIM ho sakatA / isa apekSA se ajJAnI kA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai | 128 jAcArya ne isa tathya ko aura adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMneM likhA- jIva ajIva kA ajJAtA mithyAdRSTi hai| mithyAdRSTi kA pratyAkhyAna ajJAna kI apekSA duSpratyAkhyAna hai| unhoMneM isa saMdarbha meM aneka Agamika udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| 1 29 pratyAkhyAna kI prathama arhatA samyag darzana hai| jIva- ajIva kI vijJapti hu binA samyag-darzana upalabdha nahIM hotaa| samyag darzana sopAna hai| usake binA vyakti muni kI bhUmikA taka nahIM pahuMca sktaa| tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karanA sarvavirati kI bhUmikA hai| uparyukta tathyoM ko nimnAMkita cArTa se bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai 76 duSpratyAkhyAna mithyAdarzanI ke tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se tyAga kA phalita hai duSpratyAkhyAna mUla guNa pratyAkhyAna sarva mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna sarva prANAtipAta viramaNa supratyAkhyAna samyagdarzanI ke tIna karaNa, yoga se tyAga kA phalita hai supratyAkhyAna sarva mRSAvAda viramaNa sarva adattAdAna viramaNa sarva maithuna vira sarva parigraha viramaNa pratyAkhyAna ke prakAra gautama - bhaMte! pratyAkhyAna ke kitane prakAra prajJapta haiM ? 130 mahAvIra - mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna aura uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna ke bheda se do prakAra haiN| pratyAkhyAna uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna deza mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa KH - tIna sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa sthUla maithuna viramaNa sthUla parigraha viramaNa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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tyAkhyAna sarva uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna deza uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna anAgata digvata atikrAMta pratyAkhyAna upabhoga-paribhoga-viramaNa koTi sahita pratyAkhyAna sAmAyika niyantrita pratyAkhyAna dezAvakAzika sAkAra pratyAkhyAna atithi-saMvibhAga anAkAra pratyAkhyAna apazcima-mAraNAntika saMlekhanA parimANakRta pratyAkhyAna niravazeSa pratyAkhyAna saMketa pratyAkhyAna adhvA pratyAkhyAna sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mUla-uttaraguNa kI vyavasthA hai| sAdhanA ke liye jinakI anivAryatA hai, ve mUla guNa haiN| sAdhanA-vikAsa ke jo aicchika prayoga kiye jAte haiM. ve uttaraguNa haiN| bhagavatI bhASya ke dvitIya khaNDAnusAra- sAdhu ke liye mUla guNa pAMca, uttara guNa dasa haiN| zrAvaka ke liye mUla guNa pAMca, uttara guNa sAta haiN| digambara paramparA meM mUla guNa kA vargIkaraNa bhinna hai| vahAM mUla guNa aTThAIsa mAne gaye haiM- 5 mahAvrata, 5 samitiyAM, 5 indriya-nirodha, cha: Avazyaka, loca, acelatva, asnAna, kSiti-zayana, adanta-gharSaNa (daMtona na karanA), sthiti-bhojana, (khar3e-khar3e bhojana karanA), ekabhakta (dina meM eka bAra bhojana krnaa)|131 mUla guNoM kI saMkhyA kA vikAsa kisa AdhAra para kiyA gayA, yaha anveSaNIya hai| digambara AmnAya meM zrAvaka ke liye bhI mUla guNa ATha batalAye haiM- 5 aNuvrata ke sAtha madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA varjana132 (ka) AcArya mahAprajJa ke abhimata se yaha uttara kAlIna vikAsa hai| mUla guNa pAMca aNuvrata hI hone caahiye|132(kh) sthAnAMga meM muni ke liye dasa-pratyAkhyAnoM kA ullekha hai|133 ve bhI saMbhavataH uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna hI pratIta hote hai| ve haiM__ (1) anAgata pratyAkhyAna- bhaviSya meM karaNIya tapa ko pahale krnaa| (2) atikrAMta pratyAkhyAna- vartamAna meM karaNIya tapa nahIM hone se bhaviSya meM krnaa| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 77

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(3) koTi sahita pratyAkhyAna- isa pratyAkhyAna kI artha-paramparA meM do bhinna mata hai| abhayadevasUri ke anusAra isakA artha hai- prathama dina ke upavAsa kI samApti aura dUsare dina ke upavAsa ke prAraMbha ke bIca ke samaya meM vyavadhAna na honaa| vasunaMdi zramaNa ke anusAra yaha saMkalpa samanvita pratyAkhyAna kI prakriyA hai| kisI muni ne saMkalpa kiyA- agale dina svAdhyAya-velA hone para yadi zakti ThIka rahI to maiM upavAsa karuMgA, anyathA nahIM kruuNgaa| yaha saMkalpa samanvita pratyAkhyAna hai| (4) niyaMtrita-pratyAkhyAna vajraRSabha- yaha nArAca saMhanana caudaha pUrvadhara, jinakalpI aura sthAviroM ke hotA thaa| vartamAna meM yaha vyucchinna mAnA jAtA hai| sAkAra pratyAkhyAna- apavAda sahita prtyaakhyaan| anAkAra pratyAkhyAna- apavAda rahita prtyaakhyaan| (7) parimANakRta pratyAkhyAna- datti, kavala, bhikSA, gRha, dravya Adi ke parimANa yukta prtyaakhyaan| niravazeSa pratyAkhyAna- azana,pAna,khAdya aura svAdya kA sampUrNa parityAga yukta prtyaakhyaan| (9) saMketa pratyAkhyAna-saMketa yA cihna sahita kiyA jAne vAlA prtyaakhyaan| (10) adhvA pratyAkhyAna- muhUrta, pauruSI Adi kAlamAna ke AdhAra para kiyA jAne vAlA prtyaakhyaan| niyukti kAla meM uttaraguNa kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa milatA hai| usake anusAra bAraha prakAra kA tapa uttara guNa hai|134upaask dazA meM mUla guNa, uttara guNa kA vibhAga nahIM hai| bAraha vratoM ke antargata pAMca aNuvrata, sAta zikSA vrata ke rUpa meM inakA nAmollekha hai| Avazyaka cUrNi meM pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvrata- aise tIna vibhAga milate haiN| tattvArtha bhASya meM yaha vibhAga upalabdha nahIM hai| isase lagatA hai ki guNavrata, zikSAvrata kA vibhAga tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA ke uttarakAla meM vikasita huA hai| sarvArthasiddhi aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vratoM kI saMkhyA kA krama bhinna hai| vahAM guNavrata, zikSAvrata kA ullekha hai| kintu guNavrata meM digvrata, dezAvakAzika aura anarthadaNDa- ye tIna liye haiN|135 siddhasena gaNI ne digvrata, upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa 78 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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aura anarthadaNDa virati ko guNavrata svIkAra kiyA hai|136 isa matabheda kA ullekha mahApurANa meM milatA hai|137 saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki kAlagata bheda ke kAraNa hI prathama tIna zikSAvratoM ko guNavrata ke rUpa meM sthApita kara liyA gayA hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke bAda apazcimamAraNAntika-saMlekhanA kA ullekha hai| zarIra aura kaSAya- donoM ko kRza karane ke liye jo tapasyA kI jAtI hai, use saMlekhanA kahate haiN| usakA prayoga samAdhimaraNa paryanta calatA rahatA hai isaliye isakA nAma pazcima-mAraNAntika saMlekhanA hai| vRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki amaMgala kA parihAra karane ke liye pazcima ke sthAna para apazcima zabda kA prayoga hai|138 saMlekhanA mRtyu ke bhaya se mukta hone kI sAdhanA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAdhaka ko abhaya aura parAkramI banane kA maMtra diyA hai| saMlekhanA usa maMtra va siddhi kA upAya hai| saMlekhanA kA vidhAna muni aura zrAvaka donoM ke liye hai| mUlaguNa va uttara guNa ke saMdarbha meM gautama svAmI ke kucha prazna haiN| unameM sarvaprathama gautama pUchate haiM- bhaMte ! jIva kyA mUla guNa pratyAkhyAnI hai ? uttara guNa pratyAkhyAnI hai? yA apratyAkhyAnI hai ?139 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! jIva mUla guNa pratyAkhyAnI, uttara guNa pratyAkhyAnI aura apratyAkhyAnI tInoM hai| vrata grahaNa kI cetanA prANImAtra meM samAna nahIM hotii| mohanIya karma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyoM meM se apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kI cAra prakRtiyAM aisI haiM jinakA tIvra vipAka prANI ko pratyAkhyAna ke abhimukha nahIM banane detaa| kucha manuSya aura tiryaJca-paMcendriya apane vizuddha adhyavasAyoM se usake vipAka ko maMda kara dete haiM isaliye ve pratyAkhyAna ke liye udyata ho jAte haiN| nairayika yA devoM meM aisA puruSArtha prakaTa nahIM hotaa| zeSa sabhI amanaska jIva mAnasika vikAsa ke abhAva meM apratyAkhyAnI kahalAte haiN| pratyAkhyAna kI kSamatA kucha jIvoM meM hotI hai, kucha jIvoM meM nahIM isaliye jIvoM ke ye tIna vibhAga kiye haiN| kevala mUla guNoM se sampanna muniyoM kI apekSA uttara guNa vAle saMkhyAta guNa adhika haiM kyoMki adhika muni uttara guNa saMpanna hI hote haiN| manuSyoM (zrAvakoM) meM bhI mUla guNa kI apekSA uttara guNa vAle asaMkhyAta guNa adhika haiN|140 manuSya ke do prakAra haiM- garbhaja aura smmuurchim| garbhaja manuSya saMkhyeya haiN| sammUrchima manuSya asNkhyey| isa apekSA se hI apratyAkhyAnI manuSya ko saMkhyeya guNa adhika kahA hai| sarva pratyAkhyAna kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 79

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kevala manuSya ke hI hotA hai| paMcendriya tiryaJca ko deza pratyAkhyAnI kahA hai| nairayika jIva apratyAkhyAnI haiN| caturindriya jIvoM taka tathA vANavyaMtara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika devoM kA AlApaka nairayika jIvoM kI taraha hI vaktavya hai| gautama ne pUchA-bhaMte! sarvottama guNa pratyAkhyAnI. dezottara guNa pratyAkhyAnI. aura apratyAkhyAnI meM kauna kisase alpa, adhika, tulya aura vizeSAdhika hai ? samAdhAna meM kahA jIva saMyata saMyatAsaMyata asaMyata sabase alpa asaMkhyeya guNa adhika anantaguNa adhika manuSya saMyata sabase alpa saMyatAsaMyata saMkhyeya guNa adhika asaMyata asaMkhyeya guNa adhika paMcendriya tiryaca saMyatAsaMyata sabase alpa asaMyata asaMkhyeya guNA adhika saMyata kA artha hai- sAvadya pravRtti se virata honaa| saMyama kA pariNAma mUla kriyA hai| pratyAkhyAna uttara kriyA hai| pratyAkhyAna se saMyama puSTa hotA hai| pratyAkhyAna AyuSya-baMdha kA hetu bhI banatA hai| sAmAnya jIvoM ke liye pratyAkhyAna, apratyAkhyAna aura pratyAkhyAnApratyAkhyAna tInoM AyuSya-baMdha meM hetu banate haiN| vaimAnika deva kA AyuSya-baMdha bhI ina tInoM ke hotA hai| zeSa teIsa daNDakoM ke AyuSya kA baMdha apratyAkhyAnI jIva hI karate haiN| sAdhu pratyAkhyAnI, zrAvaka pratyAkhyAnApratyAkhyAnI hote haiM isaliye unake vaimAnika ke atirikta kisI anya AyuSya kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| jayAcArya ne bhagavatI jor3a meM ise spaSTa kiyA hai|141 jaina darzana kA uddezya hai- nirvaann| nirvANa karma kI zAMti se prApya hai| karma kI zAMti sarvavirati se hotI hai| sarva-virati pratyAkhyAnIya cAritra moha ke vilaya se hone 80 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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vAlI upalabdhi hai| avirati meM pratyAkhyAnIya hI nahIM, apratyAkhyAnIya karma kA udaya bhI rahatA hai| avirati usI prakAra zastra hai jisa prakAra talavAra aadi| donoM hiMsA ke hetu haiN|142 talavAra Adi dravya-zastra haiM, avirati bhAva-zastra haiN| avirati kI apekSA hAthI aura kuMthu ko samAna kriyA lagatI hai| virati kI apekSA sarvavirati kA sthAna sarvopari hai| ___ isa prakAra asaMyama yA avirati kI dazA meM hone vAlA karma apratyAkhyAna kriyA hai| usake dvArA saMjJI aura asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ko satata karma-baMdhana hotA rahatA hai| SaDjIvanikAya kI hiMsA kA parityAga nahIM hone se aThAraha pApoM kA sevana asaMjJI jIvoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pAMcaveM guNasthAna taka avirati kA pravAha cAlu rahatA hai| avirati ke sambandha meM gautama svAmI ne prazna kiyA "jIvA NaM bhaMte ! kiM AyAraMbhA ? parAraMbhA ? tadubhayAraMbhA? aNAraMbhA? goyamA ! atthe gaiyA jIvA AyAraMbhA vi, parAraMbhA vi, tadubhayAraMbhA vi, No annaarNbhaa| atthegaiyA jIvA no AyAraMbhA, no parAraMbhA, no tadubhayAraMbhA, annaarNbhaa|" 143 tAtparya yaha hai, kucha jIva AtmArambhaka bhI haiM, parArambhaka bhI hai, ubhayArambhaka bhI haiM aura anArambhaka nahIM hai| kucha jIva na AtmAraMbhaka haiM, na parArambhaka hai, na ubhayArambhaka hai, anAraMbhaka hai| udAharaNArtha jIva do prakAra ke hai- siddha aura saMsAra smaapnn| siddha anAraMbhI hai| saMsAra samApanna jIva saMyata aura asaMyata do prakAra ke haiN| jo saMyata haiM, unake do prakAra haiM-pramatta, aprmtt| apramatta saMyata kevala anArambhaka haiN| pramatta saMyata zubhayoga kI apekSA anArambhaka hai| azubhayoga kI apekSA AtmAraMbhaka, parAraMbhaka ubhayArambhaka haiM, anAraMbhaka nhiiN| jo pramAda Azrava kI vidyamAnatA meM sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha pramatta saMyata kahalAtA hai| vaha pramAda ke kAraNa azubha-pravRtti karatA hai| isaliye usako do kriyAeM spRSTa karatI hai- ArambhikI aura maayaa-prtyyaa| apratyAkhyAna kI kriyA nahIM hotii| mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA (Promotion of deluded views) jaina darzanAnusAra jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika pravRttiyAM athavA kriyAeM Azrava hai| Azrava ke pAMca prakAroM meM pahalA hai-mithyaatv| mithyAtva kA tAtparya ayathArtha dRSTikoNa yA tattva jJAna kA abhAva hai| satya ke prati anAsthA ke kAraNa jar3a meM caitanya, atattva meM tattva kI buddhi rakhanA mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva se hone vAlI kriyA mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 81

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mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA kA artha sthAnAMga vRtti aura tattvArthavArtika meM bhinna hai| sthAnAMga vRti ke anusAra mithyAdarzana (mithyAtva) ke nimitta se honevAlI pravRtti mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA hai|144 tatvArthavArtika ke anusAra mithyAdarzana kI kriyA karanevAle vyakti ko prazaMsA Adi ke dvArA samarthana denA mithyAdarzana pratyayA kriyA hai|145 saMsAra meM do prakAra ke manuSya hote haiM- samyaktvI aura mithyaatvii| kaI prANI anAdikAla se mithyAtvI haiM aura ananta kAla taka mithyAtva se mukta nahIM hoNge| tIvra darzana moha ke udaya se mithyAtva kI granthiyAM gaharI ho jAtI haiN| kucha granthi-vimocana ke liye prayAsa hI nahIM karate, kaI prayatnazIla hote haiM kintu saphalatA prApta nahIM hotI, graMthi-bheda nahIM ho paataa| pratikSaNa mithyAtva kA pApa-karma baMdhatA rahatA hai| mithyAdarzana kriyA kA sambandha AtmA se hai| mithyAdarzana kriyA ke do prakAra haiM- UnAtirikta mithyAdarzana pratyayikI, tadvyatirikta mithyAdarzana prtyyikii| UnAtirikta mithyAdarzana pratyayikI ___ isameM AtmA ke astitva kI asvIkRti athavA pramANa se adhika yA kama mAnane rUpa mithyAdarzana kriyA hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie AtmA zarIra pramANa hai phira bhI use aMguSTha parva mAtra, yava mAtra aura zyAmaka jAti ke cAvala samAna kahA jAtA hai| koI use pAMca sau dhanuSya pramANa athavA sarvavyApaka kahatA hai| tadvyatirikta mithyAdarzana pratyayikI AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI viparIta mAnyatA rUpa mithyAtva se hone vAlI kriyA tadvyatirikta hai| mithyAtva kisI bhI prakAra kA kyoM na ho, usameM satya ke prati vimukhatA dikhAI detI hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne mithyAtva ke pAMca prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai- 146 (1) ekAntika (2) viparIta (3) vainayika (4) sAMzayika (5) ajnyaan| __(1) ekAntika-vastu tattva anantadharmAntaka hai| vaha virodhI yugaloM kA samavAya bhI hai| kisI eka pakSa kA jJAna pUrNa satya nahIM, satyAMza hai| AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna lenA ekAntika mithyAtva hai| bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI aikAntika jJAna ko mithyAtva kahA hai|147 82 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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krnaa| (2) viparIta - vastu tattva ko yathArtha meM grahaNa na kara viparIta rUpa se grahaNa (3) vainayika - binA kisI vimarza ke paramparAgata tathyoM, dhAraNAoM, niyamopaniyama ko mAna lenA yaha eka prakAra kI rUr3hivAditA hai / ( 4 ) saMzaya - saMzayAvasthA ko bhI mithyAtva mAnA hai| (5) ajJAna - jJAna kA abhaav| yaha mithyAtva kA abhAvAtmaka pakSa prastuta karatA hai| jaina cintakoM ne ajJAna ko pUrvAgraha, viparIta grahaNa, saMzaya aura ekAntika jJAna se pRthak mAnA hai| ye cAroM mithyAtva ke vidhAyaka pakSa hai| inameM jJAna kA abhAva nahIM apitu jJAna kI upasthiti hai kintu ayathArtha hone se mithyAtva kahA jAtA hai| mithyAtva ke dasa 148 evaM paccIsa bhedoM 149 kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| bauddhadarzana meM avidyA bIsa prakAra batalAye gaye hai| 150 donoM darzanoM kI vicAradhArA meM kAphI sAmya hai| gItA meM moha, ajJAna yA tAmasa jJAna hI mithyAtva hai| 151 pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI mithyAtva ko yathArtha - bodha meM bAdhaka tattva mAnA hai| satya ke jijJAsu ko mithyA dhAraNAoM se alaga rahane kA nirdeza diyA hai| pAzcAtya darzana meM navayuga ke pratinidhi phrAMsisa bekana ne kahA hainirdoSa jJAna ke liye mAnava ko cAra mithyA dhAraNAoM se mukta rahanA jarUrI hai| jaise - (1) jAtigata mithyA dhAraNAeM (Idole tribius) - sAmAjika saMskAroM se prApta mithyA dhaarnnaaeN| (2) vyaktigata mithyA vizvAsa (Idole Specus) - vyakti ke dvArA banAI gaI mithyA dhaarnnaaeN| (3) bAjArU mithyA vizvAsa (Idole Fori) - asaMgata artha Adi / (4) raMga- maMca kI bhrAnti (Idole Theatri ) - mithyA siddhAMta yA mAnyatAeM / unake abhimata se ina mithyA vizvAsoM (pUrvAgrahoM) se mAnasa ko mukta kara hI jJAna ko yathArtha aura nirdoSa rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA sakatA hai| 152 jaina darzana meM mithyAtva yA avidyA kevala Atma-niSTha (Subjective) hI nahIM, vaha vastuniSTha bhI hai| ekAnta yA nirapekSa dRSTi mithyAtva hai| isase hone vAlI kriyA mithyAdarzana pratyayikI hai| isakA karttA mithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai| samyagdRSTi isakA pratipakSa hai| jainAgamoM kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 83

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meM samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi aura samyagmithyAdRSTi meM nimnAMkita kriyA kI saMbhAvanA batalAI gaI hai samyagdRSTi cAra kriyAeM (1) AraMbhikI (2) pArigrahikI (3) mAyA pratyayA (4) apratyAkhyAna kriyA 84 nairayika jIva mithyAdRSTi pAMca kriyAeM AraMbhikI yAvat mithyAdarzana pratyayA manuSya mithyAdRSTi samyagdRSTi saMyata asaMyata saMyatAsaMyata samyagmithyAdRSTi pAMca kriyAeM AraMbhikIyAvat mithyAdarzana pratyayA samyagmithyAdRSTi 5 kriyAeM AraMbhika yAvat mithyAdarzana pratyayA 5 kriyAeM AraMbhika yAvat mithyAdarzana pratyayA pramatta saMyata apramatta saMyata vItarAga ina kriyAoM kI apekSA akriya haiN| nairayikoM kI taraha vaimAnika taka vaktavya hai| saMyatAsaMyata meM tIna kriyAeM haiN| unameM apratyAkhyAna kI kriyA nahIM hai| saMyatAsaMyata zabda saMyata aura asaMyata ke yoga se banA hai| saMyata to hai, saMyata meM asaMyata bhI hai phira apratyAkhyAna kI kriyA kA ullekha kyoM nahIM ? vRttikAra isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM mauna hai| terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya jayAcArya ne avazya isa saMdarbha meM vimarza kiyA hai| 153 unhoMneM likhA ki saMyatAsaMyata meM apratyAkhyAna kriyA kA skaMdha (pUrNarUpa) nahIM hotaa| isa apekSA se sUtrakAra ne kAraNa ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| usake samarthana meM saMvAdI pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| ve hai (1) gautama ke prazna para mahAvIra ne kahA- ' - pUrva dizA meM dharmAstikAya nahIM hai| usakA deza-pradeza hai| 154 (2) Agneya koNa meM jIva nahIM hai, usakA deza-pradeza hai / 155 yahAM dharmAstikAya aura jIva kA niSedha skaMdha kI apekSA se hai| isI prakAra saMyatAsaMyata meM skaMdha kI apekSA apratyAkhyAna kriyA kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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prathama prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! kisI eka prANI ke mArane kA tyAga karane vAlA bhI ekAnta bAla nahIM kahalAtA, use bAla paMDita kahA jAtA hai| 156 isa prakAra Agama sAhitya meM saMyatAsaMyata ke pratyAkhyAna sambandhI aneka pramANa milate haiN| 157 apratyAkhyAna - kriyA ke pAMca prakAroM ke prasaMga meM eka prazna aura uThatA hai ki saMyatAsaMyata ke apratyAkhyAna kriyA nirantara hotI hai phira bhI usakI vivakSA nahIM kI aura pramatta saMyata ke AraMbhika kriyA kAdAcitka hai| isake bAvajUda bhI usakI vivakSA kI hai, aisA kyoM? isa vivakSA bheda ke pIche rahe kAraNa ko samajhane se tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| saMyatAsaMyata deza - virati guNasthAna meM karma-baMdha kI carcA paMca-saMgraha meM prApta hai| vahAM avirati ko karma-baMdha kA mizra yA AdhA hetu mAnA gyaa| 158 prazna yaha bhI hai ki pramatta saMyata meM AraMbhikI kriyA svIkAra kI hai to pArigrAhikI kyoM nahIM lI gaI ? jaise pramatta saMyata ke kAdAcitka prANI kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai vaise dharmoMpakaraNa para bhI mUrcchA saMbhava ho sakatI hai| ukta prazna kA samAdhAna bhagavatI meM upalabdha hai| 159 vRttikAra ke abhimata se parigraha ke do prakAra hai- dharmopakaraNa ke atirikta vastu kA grahaNa aura dharmopakaraNa para mUrcchA | 160 pramatta saMyata muni anAraMbhI bhI hotA hai, aparigrahI bhI / azubhayoga kI apekSA AraMbha mAnakara ArambhikI kriyA bhI svIkAra kI hai| pArigrahikI kriyA kA sambandha avirati se hai| pramatta saMyata avirati kA pratyAkhyAna kara detA hai isaliye pArigrAhikI kriyA kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM aThAraha Azrava hote haiN| mithyAtva Azrava aura avirati Azrava nahIM hote| kriyAoM kI vyApti kA niyama pannavaNA ke anusAra yaha hai ki jisake AraMbhikI kriyA hai, usake pArigrahikI kriyA vikalpataH hotI hai aura pArigrahikI kriyA ke sAtha AraMbhikI niyamata: hotI hai| 161 isI prakAra AraMbhikI ke sAtha mAyA-pratyayA kI vyApti hai| kintu usake sAtha AraMbhikI kAdAcitka hai| AraMbhikI ke sAtha apratyAkhyAna kriyA kA vikalpa hai| apratyAkhyAna ke sAtha AraMbhikI nizcita hai| AraMbhikI ke sAtha mithyAdarzana kA bhI vikalpa hai| kintu mithyAdarzana ke sAtha AraMbhikI avazyaMbhAvI hai| yaha kriyA kA siddhAMta mana se pare kA siddhAMta hai| pRthvIkAya se lekara amanaska paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM pAMcoM kriyAeM hotI haiN| isakA phalita spaSTa haiM ki AtmA kA astitva mana se pare bahuta gahare meM hai| mana kevala usakA satahI stara hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 85

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vRttikAra ne prazna uThAyA ki karma-baMdha ke hetu mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya, yoga Adi Azrava mAne gaye haiN| phira AraMbha Adi ko bhI karma-baMdha meM nimitta mAnane se kyA paraspara virodha nahIM AtA ? isakA samAdhAna ve svayaM karate hue likhate haiM ki AraMbha aura parigraha yoga ke bheda hai| ye sArI kriyAeM Azrava se hI sambaddha haiM isaliye virodha kA prasaMga upasthita nahIM hotA !162 ArambhikI kriyA - jIvoM ke upamardana kI prvRtti|163 pArigrahikI kriyA - dhana ke arjana-rakSaNa meM mUrchA janya prvRtti|164 mAyApratyayA kriyA - mAyAtmaka prvRtti| apratyAkhyAna kriyA - aviratimaya prvRtti| mithyAdarzana kriyA - mithyAdarzanAtmaka prvRtti| ye saba kriyAeM karma ke AzravaNa kI nimitta banatI haiN| pariNAma kI tIvratA - maMdatA ke AdhAra para kriyA kI saghanatA aura viralatA ho jAtI hai| umAsvAti ne likhA hai 'tIvra-maMda-jJAtAjJAtabhAva viiryaadhikrnnvishessebhystdvishessH|'165 ina pAMca kriyA sUtroM meM gRhastha meM AraMbhikI Adi cAroM kriyA kI saMbhAvanA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| mithyAdarzana pratyayA kA sambandha mithyAtvI se hai| samyagdRSTi meM yaha kriyA nahIM hotI isaliye vikalpa rUpa se nirdiSTa hai| bhagavatI bhASya meM kraya-vikraya ke sambandha meM gautama ne prazna kiyA ki eka gRhastha bhANDa (bartana) beca rahA hai| usa samaya bhANDa kA koI apaharaNa kara letA hai| arpata bhANDa kI gaveSaNA karate hue gRhastha ko ukta pAMca kriyAoM meM se kitanI kriyAeM spRSTa karatI haiM ?166 samAdhAna diyA gayA-prathama, gRhapati apanI apahata vastu kI khoja karatA hai| usake AraMbhikI Adi cAra kriyAeM spRSTa hotI hai| khoja karane para vastu mila jAtI hai taba ve kriyAeM pratanu (patalI) ho jAtI haiN| kAraNa spaSTa hai, khoja ke samaya prayatna adhika hotA hai| vastu milane para vaha prayatna zithila par3a jAtA hai| dUsarA, kharIdadAra ko krIta vastu prApta ho gaI, usake kriyA catuSka hotI hai| vikretA ke kriyAcatuSka pratanu ho jAtI hai| tIsarA, kharIdadAra ko kharIdI huI vastu prApta nahIM huI isaliye usa vastu viSayaka kriyA ho to catuSka pratanu aura vikretA ke spRSTa hotI hai kyoMki becI gaI vastu vikretA ke adhikAra meM hai| cauthA, kharIdadAra ne vastu kharIdane kA vacana diyA kintu vikretA ko kImata bhugatAna nahIM kI, usa sthiti meM vikretA ke kriyA catuSka pratanu aura kharIdadAra ke puSTa hotA hai| kAraNa, dhana abhI kharIdadAra ke adhikAra meM hai| pAMcavAM, vikretA ko becI huI vastu kI kImata mila gaI, isa avasthA meM vikretA ke kriyA catuSka 86 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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puSTa aura kharIdadAra ke pratanu hotI hai| kAraNa, kharIdadAra kA usa dhana para adhikAra nahIM rhaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki vastu aura dhana jisake adhikAra meM hai, usake kriyA saghana hotI hai| jisake adhikAra meM nahIM usake kriyA patalI hotI hai| vedanA aura kriyA kriyA aura vedanA meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| vRttikAra ne kriyA ke do artha kiye haiN| kriyA se hone vAlA karma-baMdha athavA kriyA hI karma-baMdha hai| vedanA kA artha haikriyA pratikriyA kA anubhv| anubhava karma kA hI hotA hai| karma nahIM to anubhava kisakA?167 kriyA karma kI bIja hai to vedanA usakA phala hai| bIja ke abhAva meM phala saMbhava nahIM hai ? yaha eka sArvabhaumika satya hai| phira maMDita putra kI jijJAsA ke pIche hetu kyA hai ki duHkha kriyA pUrvaka hotA hai yA duHkha hone ke pazcAta koI kriyA hotI hai ?jaise vRttikAra ne kriyA ke do artha kiye vaise vedanA ke bhI do artha haiM- duHkha aura anubhv| kucha duHkhavAdI duHkha ko ahetuka mAnate haiN| paristhitivAdI duHkha ko paristhiti janya svIkAra karate haiN| lagatA hai, ina vikalpoM ko lakSita kara hI maMDita putra ne prazna kiyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pratyuttara meM kahA ki kriyA duHkha kA kAraNa hai, isaliye pahale hotI hai| duHkha kArya hai ataH pIche hotA hai|168 isakI vyAkhyA kA dUsarA dRSTikoNa isa prakAra hai- kriyA kA artha hai Azrava aura vedanA kA artha hai-karma pudgaloM kA smbndh| Azrava aura karma kA paurvAparya jAnane ke liye maMDita putra ne prazna puuchaa| usake uttara meM bhagavAna kA kahanA thA ki pahale Azrava phira karma-pudgaloM kA baMdha hotA hai| maMDita ne punaH pUchA- bhaMte ! kyA zramaNa-nigraMthoM ke kriyA hotI hai?, yadi hotI hai to vaha kaise? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-maMDita putra ! usakA kAraNa hai-pramAda aura usameM nimitta banatA hai- yoga / pramAda aura yoga ina do hetuoM se kriyA hotI hai|169 ThANaM meM cAra hetuoM kA ullekha hai170 uttaravartI sAhitya meM pAMca kAraNa batalAye gaye haiN| karma - baMdha ke pAMca kAraNoM kA prayoga prathama umAsvAti ne kiyA hai- 'mithyAdarzanAvirati-pramAdakaSAya-yogA baMdhahetavaH' 171 karmazAstra meM karma-baMdha ke cAra kAraNa nirdiSTa haiN| unameM pramAda kA ullekha nahIM hai|172 sabhI prakAra ke vargIkaraNa meM yahI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai kintu pramAda kI nizcita paribhASA phalita nahIM ho skii| sAvadya pravRtti mAtra ko pramAda mAne to yoga kA usase bhinna koI artha nahIM hotaa| usa sthiti meM azubhayoga aura pramAda ekArthaka bana jaayegeN| 173 yadi do hetu haiM to donoM kI svataMtra sImA honI caahiye| sImA kI dRSTi se AcArya mahAprajJa kA niSkarSa isa prakAra hai ki karma baMdha kI prakriyA meM mukhyataH hetubhUta kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 87

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do karma haiM-moha karma aura nAma karma / pramAda mohakarma kA sUcaka hai aura yoga nAma karma kA unake abhimata se pramAda kA artha mohakarma ke udaya se hone vAlI mUrcchA athavA azubha vyApAra hai| yoga kA tAtparya mana, vANI aura zarIra kI pravRtti hai / 174 vIryado prakAra kA hai- kriyAtmaka aura akriyAtmaka / aparispaMdanAtmaka vIrya kA sambandha jIva se hai| parispaMdanAtmaka vIrya zarIra se niSpanna hai / usI se mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pravRttiyAM saMcAlita hotI hai / 175 jahAM pravRtti (kriyA) hai vahAM karma - baMdha avazyaMbhAvI hai| isa prakAra kAyikI Adi kriyA-paMcaka aura AraMbhikI Adi kriyApaMcaka kI kriyAeM nArakI se vaimAnika devoM taka sabhI daNDakoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| tRtIya kriyA-paMcaka tAnikriyA kriyA kA AzravaNa hotA rahatA hai| zarIra dhAraNa aura jIvana-yAtrA pAtanipAti AtmA aura karma kA sambandha kriyA se hotA hai| AtmA meM rAga-dveSAtmaka prakaMpanoM kI vidyamAnatA meM karma-paramANuoM kA nirvahana karma (kriyA) ke adhIna hai isaliye kriyA ke aneka prakAroM kA nirUpaNa svAbhAvika hai| tRtIya kriyApaMcaka ke antargata nimnokta kriyAoM kI samAyojanA kI gaI hai daSTikA kriyA spRSTikA) dRSTikA aura spRSTikA kriyA ina do kriyAoM ke sthAna para tattvArthavArtika meM darzana kriyA evaM sparzana kriyA kA nAmollekha hai| sthAnAMga vRtti ke AdhAra para lagatA hai ki inakI arthAbhivyaMjanA vRttikAra ke samakSa aspaSTa rahI hai| unhoMneM ina donoM ke aneka artha kiye haiN| unake anusAra dRSTijA arthAt dRSTi se hone vAlI kriyA / dUsarA artha dRSTi kA kiyA hai- dRSTi ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA athavA vastu ko dekhane ke nimitta se jo kriyA hotI hai| darzana ke liye jo gati kriyA hotI hai athavA darzana se jo karma kA udaya hotA hai, vaha dRSTijA yA dRSTikA kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra spRSTikA ke bhI pRSTijA, pRSTikA, spRSTijA aura spRSTikA aise cAra artha kiye haiN| 176 tattvArthavArtika meM darzanakriyA aura sparzana kriyA kA artha bahuta spaSTa hai| darzana - kriyA (Urges for Visual Gratification ) - rAga ke vazIbhUta hokara pramAdI vyakti kA ramaNIya rUpa dekhanA / sparzana - kriyA (Urges for Tactile Gratification) - pramAda vaza chUne kI pravRtti | 177 88 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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dRSTijA ke do prakAra hai- jIva dRSTijA, ajIva dRSTijA / jIva dRSTijA - prANiyoM ko dekhane ke liye jAne se lagane vAlI kriyA / ajIva dRSTijA- ajIva (citra Adi) ke dekhane se lagane vAlI kriyA / siddhasena gaNI ke anusAra rAjA ke rAjamahala se bAhara nikalate yA praveza karate samaya nikaTa sthala para naTa, nartaka, malla, meSa, vRSa Adi ke yuddha Adi ko dekhane kI tIvra icchA athavA usake liye ceSTA karanA jIva sambandhI dRSTijA kriyA hai|' 178 isI prakAra spRSTikA ke bhI do prakAra haiM- jIva spRSTikA, ajIva spRssttikaa| jIva pRSTa 'tatra jIva- sparzana kriyA yoSitpuruSanapusaMkAM'gaMsparzanalakSaNarAga-dveSa-moha bhAjaH / ' arthAt rAga- - dveSa athavA mohavaza strI-puruSa aura napusaMka ke aMgoM kA sparza karanA athavA unase prazna puuchnaa| ' 179 ajIva spRSTika rAga-dveSa vaza pazuoM ke roma se nirmita ( bane hue) kambala, anya vastra, paTTa, zATaka, nIlI aura takiyA Adi ke sparza se hone vAlI kriyA / 179a (3) scenfurcht faher (Inventing and manufacturing lethal weapons) : tattvArthavArtika meM prAtItyikI kriyA kA ullekha nahIM balki nAmAntara se prAtyAyikI kriyA kA nirdeza hai| lagatA hai paDucca kA hI saMskRtIkaraNa pratyaya kiyA gayA hai / prAtyAyikI kriyA kA artha naye naye kalahoM ko utpanna karanA / jIva - ajIva nimitta se utpanna rAga dveSamaya pariNAma se lagane vAlI kriyA prAtItyikI hai| nayenaye pApAdAnakArI adhikaraNoM ke utpanna karane se unake dvArA prAtItyikI yA prAtyAyikI kriyA hotI hai| 180 - (4) sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA (Evacuating Bowels or Vomiting at Gathering of Men and Women) cAroM tarapha se ekatra jana-samUha meM hone vAlI kriyA sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA hai| 81 rAjavArtika, 182 zloka vArtika, 183 tattvArtha sUtra, ' 184 sarvArthasiddhi 185 Adi ke kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 89

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anusAra strI-puruSa se janAkIrNa sthAna meM malotsarga karane meM pramAda vaza lagane vAlI kriyA sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA hotI hai| sthAnAMga vRtti aura tattvArthavArtika meM artha kI bhinnatA hai| sthAnAMga vRtti ke anusAra sAmantopanipAta-jana-milana meM hone vAlI kriyA hai|186 tattvArtha vArtikakAra ke anusAra strI - puruSa, pazu Adi se vyApta sthAna meM malotsarga karanA sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA hai|187 haribhadra sUri ke abhimata se sAmantAnupAta kriyA kA artha hai- sthaNDila Adi meM bhakta Adi visarjita karane kI kriyaa| sthAnAMga vRtti meM sAmantopanipAtikI ke do prakAra haiM- jIva sAmantopAtikI aura ajiivsaamntopnipaatikii| jIva sAmantopanipAtikI- apane Azrita baila, hAthI, ghor3A, dAsa-dAsI . Adi ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyaa| ajIva sAmantopanipAtikI- ratha, ghara, mahala, dhAtu Adi kA saMgraha karanA tathA jana-samUha se unakI prazaMsA sunakara harSita honaa| isa nimitta se usa mAlika ko jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha ajIva sAmantonipAtikI hai| yaha bhI eka saMketa hai| vastutaH prastuta kriyA kA Azaya honA cAhiye ki jIva-ajIva Adi dravya samUha ke saMparka se hone vAlI mAnasika utAra-car3hAva kI pravRtti athavA unake pratikUla aacrnn| (5) svahastikI kriyA (Undertaking others Duties out of Anger or Conceit) sthAnAMga vRtti ke anusAra svahasta kriyA kA artha hai- apane hAtha se niSpanna kriyaa|188 jIva-ajIva ke nimitta se yaha kriyA do prakAra kI hai| sthAnAMga vRttikAra ne jIva svahastikI kriyA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai- jahAM apane hAtha meM dhAraNa kiye khaDga Adi zastra se kisI jIva ko mArA jAye athavA apane hAtha se mArA jAye, usa nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA jIva svahastikI hai| athavA krodha abhimAna ke vazavartI hokara dUsaroM ko kAma se haTA svayaM apane hAtha se karane para jo kriyA lagatI hai, vaha jIva sva-hastikI hai| tattvArthavArtika meM bhI yahI artha upalabdha hai| usake anusAra dUsaroM ke dvArA karane yogya kriyA ko svayaM karanA jIva svahastikI kriyA hai|189ajiiv arthAt khaDgAdi zastroM ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA ajIva svahastikI hai| 90 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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caturtha kriyApaMcaka caturtha kriyApaMcaka meM nimnokta pAMca kriyAoM kA samAveza hai anAbhoga kriyA yeajat (kriyA) vaidAriNI pAdikI AjJA vya (1) naisRSTikI kriyA (Approving of an Evil Act) sthAnAMga vRttikAra ne naisRSTikI kriyA ke do artha kiye haiM- pheMkanA aura denA / tattvArtha vArtika aura sarvArthasiddhi meM naisRSTikI kriyA ke sthAna para nisarga kriyA kA ullekha hai| vRttikAra ne bhI isakA vaikalpika artha nisarga kiyA hai| nisarga kriyA kA artha hai- pApAdAna Adi pravRtti ke liye apanI sammati denA athavA Alasya vaza prazas kriyAoM ko na karanA / 190 zlokavArtika meM bhI ye donoM artha upalabdha haiN| 191 usake do vibhAga haiM- jIva naisRSTikI, ajIva naisRSTikI / jIva naisRSTikI - rAjA Adi kI AjJA se yaMtra ke mAdhyama se jala kA utpekSaNa athavA gurU ke samIpa ziSya aura putra ko chor3ane ke nimitta se utpanna kriyA jIva naisRSTikI hai| 192 ajIva naisRSTikI- bANAdi pheMkane ke nimitta se hone vAlI athavA gurU Adi ko zuddha bhakta - pAnAdi kA dAna dene ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA ajIva naisRSTikI hai| (2) vaidAriNI kriyA (Divulging the Sins of Others) kriyAoM ke caturtha varga meM AjJApanikA aura vaidAriNI do kriyAeM nirdiSTa hai| kisI vastu ko phAr3ane yA vidArane se athavA dUsaroM ke dvArA kI gaI sAvadya Adi kriyAoM kA prakAzana karane ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA vaidAraNikI kriyA kahalAtI hai| tattvArtha bhASya tathA usakI samasta vyAkhyAoM meM vidAraNa kriyA kA artha hai - dUsaroM dvArA Acarita niMdanIya karma kA prakAza / 193 vahAM vidAraNa kA artha sphoTa kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya hai - gupta bAta kA prakAzana krnaa| 194 vaidAriNI kriyA kI vyAkhyA se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vRtikAra ke sAmane usakI nizcita artha - paramparA nahIM rahI hai isaliye unhoMneM vidAraNa, vicAraNa aura vitAraNa ina zabdoM se use vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| kisI jIva vidAraNa karanA, jIva-ajIva vaidAraNikI kriyA hai| Adi), ajIva (mUrti, zaMkha Adi ) vastu ko becate hue Thagane ke abhiprAya se unameM avidyamAna guNoM kA varNana karanA jIva ajIva vaidAraNikI kriyA hai / 19: - ajIva vastu kA phAr3anAkisI jIva (ghor3A, gAya kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 91

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(3) AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA (Arbitrary Interpretation of Scriptural Teachings) 'ANavaNiyA' zabda ke vRttikAra ne do artha kiye hai-AjJA denA aura mNgvaanaa|196 Adeza dene yA vastu maMgavAne ke nimitta se jo kriyA ho vaha AjJApanikA, AnAyanikA kriyA hotI hai| isameM zabda aura artha donoM kA bheda hai| tattvArtha vArtika meM isake sthAna para AjJAvyApAdikA kriyA kA ullekha hai| isakA tAtparya hai- cAritra moha ke udaya se Avazyaka Adi kriyA karane meM asamartha hone para zAstrIya AjJA kA anyathA nirUpaNa krnaa|197 sthAnAMga vRttikAra ne jIva aura ajIva kI dRSTi se isake do prakAra batalAye haiM- jIva AjJApanikA aura ajIva aajnyaapnikaa| jIva AjJApanikA jIva ke AjJA karane athavA lAne ke nimitta se hone vAlI arthAt dUsare dvArA jIva ko AjJA karane tathA lAne ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA jIva AjJApanikA kriyA hai| isI prakAra ajIva se sambandhita ajIva AjJApanikA kriyA hai| (4)anAbhoga pratyayA kriyA-(Occupying Uninspected and Unswept Places and Leaving Things There) "anAbhoga-ajJAnaM pratyayo-nimittaM yasyA sA tathA", arthAt ajJAna ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA anAbhoga pratyayA hai| 198 dUsare zabdoM meM, ayatanApUrvaka gamana, pramArjana, pratilekhana Adi karane se honI vAlI kriyA anAbhoga pratyayA hai| Agama sUtrapATha meM isake do bheda nirdiSTa haiM- anAyukta AdAnatA, anAyukta prmaarjntaa| anAyukta AdAnatA- asAvadhAnI se vastra, pAtra, upakaraNa Adi utthaanaa| anAyukta pramArjanatA- asAvadhAnI se pAtra Adi kA pramArjana krnaa| inameM nikSepa-upakaraNa Adi rakhane kA artha samAhita nahIM hai| sUtrakAra ko use AdAna ke dvArA gRhIta karanA vivakSita hai| tattvArtha sUtra kI vyAkhyAoM meM apramArjita aura adRSTabhUmi meM zarIra, upakaraNa Adi rakhanA anAbhoga pratyayA kriyA hai|199 92 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(5)anavakAMkSA pratyayA kriyA (Disrespect for the Scriptural Teaching) __Alasya yA pramAda vaza sva zarIra se nahIM karane athavA zAstrokta vidhi - vyavahAroM ko nahIM karane se jo kriyA lagatI hai, vaha anavakAMkSA pratyayA kriyA hai| isakA Azaya hai-sva yA para zarIra se nirapekSa hokara kiyA jAnevAlA, kSati pahuMcAne vAlA krm|200 tattvArtha sUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra kA mata isase bhinna hai| unake anusAra-zaThatA aura Alasya ke kAraNa zAstropadiSTa vidhi-vidhAnoM kA anAdara krnaa|201 jisa prakAra koI bhI samajhadAra vyakti apanA vastra malina karanA nahIM caahtaa| kintu eka kAlAvadhi ke bAda svayaM malina ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra anaicchika jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha anavakAMkSA pratyayA kriyA hai| isake do prakAra haiM-sva-zarIra anavakAMkSA, para-zarIra anvkaaNkssaa| sva-zarIra anavakAMkSA- apane zarIra kA nAza karane vAle kAryoM ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA sva-zarIra anavakAMkSA hai| para-zarIra anavakAMkSA- dUsare ke zarIra ko naSTa karane vAle kAryoM ke nimitta se jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha para-zarIra anavakAMkSA hai| paMcamakriyA paMcaka (1) preyasa pratyaya kriyA-mAyA aura lobha se hone vAlI kriyA preyasa pratyayA hai| 202 mAyA aura lobha rAga ke lakSaNa hai| kisI jIva yA ajIva vastu ke prati snehabhAva rAga hai| kaSAya mohanIya karma ke udaya yA udIraNA se rAga bhAva utpanna hotA hai| nAraka se lekara uccakoTi ke deva bhI rAga bhAva se utpanna isa kriyA se saMpRkta hai| rAga kriyA jIva hai| rAga kriyA yadi vyAghAta na ho to chaH dizAoM kA aura vyAghAta hone se kadAcit 3,4,5 dizAoM kA sparza karatI hai| yaha kriyA AtmakRta hai, parakRta yA ubhayakRta nhiiN| yaha kramapUrvaka kI jAtI hai, anukrama se nhiiN| nAraka jIva rAga-kriyA saba dravyoM ke viSaya meM karate hai| yaha kriyA niyamataH chahoM dizAoM kA sparza karatI hai| ekendriya ko chor3akara vaimAnika deva taka sabhI daNDakoM meM nAraka kI taraha jJAtavya hai| ekendriya jIvoM kA sAmAnya jIva ke samAna kathanIya hai| rAgapratyayikI kriyA karatA huA jIva usI prakAra karma baMdha karatA hai jaise prANAtipAta kriyA karatA huA jIva karma-baMdha karatA hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 93

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(2) dveSa pratyayikI kriyA-krodha aura mAna dveSa ke lakSaNa haiN|203 inake nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA dveSa pratyayikI hai| krodha pratyayikI- krodha ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyaa| mAna pratyayikI- jIva-ajIva vastu ke prati rAga-dveSa-ahaMbhAva lAnA dveSa hai| TIkAkAroM ne sugamatA ke kAraNa unakA adhika vivecana nahIM kiyaa| anya saba rAga pratyayikI kriyA kI taraha jJAtavya haiN| (3) prAyogikI kriyA-vIryAntarAya kSayopazama se AvirbhUta vIrya ke dvArA hone vAle mana-vacana-kAya rUpa vyApAra se utpanna kriyA prAyogikI hai|204 prayoga kriyA ke tIna prakAra haiM- manaprayoga kriyA, vacana-prayoga kriyA, kAyaprayoga kriyaa| mana prAyogikI- IrSyA, ghRNA, abhimAna Adi mAnAseka caMcalatA se arthAt asat vicAra karane se jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha mana-prAyogikI hai| vacana prAyogikI- kaTuvacana (hiMsAtmaka vacana) kA prayoga karane se hone vAlI kriyaa| kAya prAyogikI- gamanAgamana kI pravRtti se hone vAlI kriyaa| (4) sAmudAnikI kriyA- aneka loga eka sAtha, eka hI prakAra kI kriyA karate haiM, use sAmudAnikI kriyA kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha- nATaka, sinemA Adi kA avalokana, kampanI kholanA, mele Adi meM hajAroM vyaktiyoM kA ekatrita honA yA anya Arambha janya kArya krnaa| sAmudAnikI kriyA se upArjita karmoM kA udaya bhI prAya: eka sAtha hotA hai| bhUkaMpa, bhUskhalana, jala-plAvana, agni-dAha, moTara, Trena, plena kA eksIDeMTa, plega yA mahAmArI Adi ke nimitta se aneka vyaktiyoM kA eka sAtha maraNa ho jAtA hai, yaha sAmudAnikI kriyA kA phala hai| 205 prayoga kriyA dvArA eka rUpa meM grahaNa tathA karmoM ko prakRti-baMdha rUpoM meM dezaghAti aura sarvaghAti rUpa meM grahaNa karanA samudAna kriyA hai| usake tIna prakAra haiM- (1) anaMtara samudAna kriyA (2) parampara samudAna kriyA (3) tadubhaya samudAna kriyaa| anantara arthAt prathama samaya kI samudAna kriyA anantara samudAna kriyA hai| prathama samaya ko chor3akara dvitIyAdi samaya kI samudAna kriyA parampara samudAna kriyA hai| prathama ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 94

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tathA aprathama donoM samaya meM honevAlI kriyA tadubhaya samudAna kriyA hai|206 dUsare zabdoM meM,cAlU kAma ko baMda karake kucha samaya ke bAda puna: prAraMbha karanA sAntara kahalAtA hai| nirantara-antara rahita kArya karanA hai| kucha vyakti sAntara kriyA karate haiM, kucha anantara bhii| ye sabhI sAmudAnika kriyA ke prakAra hai| setaferent ferien (Urges That Produce Instantaneous Inflow) IryA aura patha ina do zabdoM se niSpanna hai IryApatha shbd| IryA kA zAbdikI artha haigati yAnI prvRtti| patha zabda kA artha hai- hetu| IryApathika kriyA meM kevala pravRtti yoga yA caMcalatA hI karma baMdha kI hetu hai| isameM kaSAya kA yoga nahIM hai| 207 kaSAya saMyukta AtmA ke sAmparAyika kriyA hotI hai| bhagavatI ke prathama zataka meM IryApathikI kA sambandha mAtra kAyayoga se mAnA hai| usI sUtra ke sAtaveM zataka meM usakA sambandha akaSAya se hai| siddhasena ne akaSAya ke do prakAra kiye haiM-vItarAga aura sarAgA vItarAga akaSAya ke tIna prakAra haiM- upazAntamoha, kSINamoha aura kevlii| kaSAya kI anudaya avasthA meM saMjvalana kaSAya vAlA bhI akaSAyI hotA hai| vaha sarAga akaSAyI hai| 208 isake samarthana meM unhoMne oghaniyukti kI eka gAthA uddhRta kI hai| oghaniyukti kI vRtti meM droNAcArya ne likhA hai-jo muni jJAnI hai, apramatta hai, usake kAyayoga se koI prANI mara jAtA hai to bhI use sAmparAyika karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA, kevala IryApathika karma kA baMdha hotA hai|209 bhagavatI meM isakA saMvAdI prakaraNa hai gautama- bhaMte ! saMvRtta anagAra Ayukta dazA (tanmaya hokara) meM calatA hai, khar3A hotA hai, baiThatA hai, leTatA hai, vastra-pAtra, kaMbala, pAda-prauJchana letA hai, rakhatA hai| use airyApathikI kriyA hotI hai yA sAMparAyikI kriyA ?210 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA -gautama ! usake aiApathika baMdha hotA hai, sAmparAyika nahIM kyoMki jisake krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha vyavacchinna ho jAte haiM, usake aipithikI kriyA hotI hai| vyavacchinna nahIM hone se sAmparAyikI kriyA hotI hai| athavA zAstra ke anusAra calane vAle ke airyApathikI aura zAstra ke viparIta calane vAle ke sAmparAyikI kriyA hotI hai|211 vRttikAra ke anusAra upazAMta moha, kSINamoha, aura sayomI kevalI kramaza: gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAna meM nAmakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa se yoga kI zubha pravRtti hotI rahatI hai, usase sAta vedanIya karma ke dalikoM kA baMdha bhI hotA hai kintu kaSAya rahita hone se prakRti baMdha aura pradeza baMdha hI hotA hai, sthiti evaM anubhAga baMdha nahIM hotaa| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 95

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vRttikAra ke isa artha kA AdhAra bhagavatI bhASya kA Agama pATha hai| AgamakAra ne krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke liye vyucchinna tathA avyucchinna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yahAM kSINa zabda kA ullekha nahIM hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke abhimata se vyucchinna zabda vimarzanIya hai| vyucchinna kA artha kSINa honA, yaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA; kyoMki gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM moha upazAnta hotA hai| jayAcArya ne vyucchinna kA artha upazAnta honA kiyA hai|212 pataJjalI ne kleza kI cAra avasthAeM batalAI hai -prasupta, tanu, vicchinna aura udaar| kleza samaya-samaya para vicchinna hotA rahatA hai| vaha sadA labdhavRtti athavA udita avasthA meM nahIM rhtaa|213 abhayadevasUri ne bhI vocchinna kA artha 'anudita' kiyA hai|214(k) ina vyucchinna aura avyucchinna padoM ke AdhAra para oghaniyuktikAra aura siddhasena kA mata ciMtana mAMgatA hai| vastutaH gamana mArga se hone vAlI kriyA airyApathikI hai| usakA pravRttilabhya artha kevala yoga se hone vAlI kriyA kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI vRtti kI vyAkhyA meM ise kAyayoga janya mAnA hai214(kha) tathA bhagavatI vRti meM ise yoga nimittaka kahA hai|214(g) pahale vaktavya meM kAyayoga nimittaka, dUsare meM yoga nimittaka airyApathikI kriyA mAnI gaI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki airyApathikI kA baMdha kAyayoga se hI hotA hai kyoMki vacanayoga evaM manoyoga para sAdhaka kA pUrNa niyaMtraNa hotA hai| kAya yoga para utanA anuzAsana saMbhava nhiiN| ata: jahAM yoga kA ullekha kiyA vahAM kAyayoga samajhanA caahiye| vItarAga ke tInoM yoga haiM kintu pramukhatA kAyayoga kI parilakSita hotI hai| __bhagavatI meM airyApathikI kA prayoga pandraha sthAnoM para huA hai| IryApatha baMdha kA prayoga cAra sthAnoM para hai| vRttikAra ne IryApatha kA vyutpatilabhya artha gamana-mArga kiyA hai| kintu yaha artha upalakSaNa mAtra hai| calanA, khar3A honA, baiThanA, sonA Adi sthUla kriyA aura unmeSa-nimeSa athavA palaka jhapakane jaisI sUkSma kriyA ke sAtha bhI usakA sambandha hai| isaliye IryApatha kA artha vyApaka saMdarbha meM karanA caahiye| IryApatha arthAt jIvana-vyavahAra ke liye hone vAlI kriyaa| usase jo karma baMdha hotA hai, usakA nAma hai airyApathikI kriyaa|215 bauddha sAhitya meM ullikhita kAyAnupazyanA kA svarUpa airyApathikI jaisA hI hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 96

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buddha ne kahA- bhikSuoM ! bhikSu jAte hue 'jAtA hUM' jAnatA hai| baiThe hue baiThA hUM' jAnatA hai| soe hue 'sotA hUM' jAnatA hai| jisa rUpa meM usakI kAyA avasthita hotI hai, usI rUpa meM vaha use jAnatA hai| usI prakAra kAyA ke bhItarI bhAga meM kAyAnupazyI banakara vihAra karatA hai| kAyA meM samudaya (utpatti) dharma dekhatA hai| kAyA meM vyaya (vinAza) dharma aura kAyA samudaya-vyaya dharma dekhatA huA viharaNa karatA hai|216 isa prakAra jainadarzana meM jise IryApatha athavA asAmparAyika kriyA kahA jAtA hai, bauddha use kriyA cetanA kahate haiN| __ airyApathikI kriyA meM hone vAle karma-baMdha kI prakriyA kA nirdeza bhagavatI meM hai| isa kriyA ke prathama samaya meM karma kA baMdha aura sparza hotA hai| karma prAyogya paramANu-skaMdhoM kA karma rUpa meM pariNamana honA 'baddha-avasthA' hai| jIva pradezoM ke sAtha unakA sparza honA spRSTa avasthA hai| inheM kramaza: badhyamAna aura vedyamAna avasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai| dvitIya samaya meM baddha karma kA vedana hotA hai| tRtIya samaya meM usakI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| sUtrakAra ne dvitIya samaya kI avasthA ko 'udIriyA veiyA' ina do zabdoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki karma kA udaya aura vedana ye donoM avasthAeM alaga-alaga samaya meM hotI hai kyoMki jisa samaya baMdha hotA hai, usa samaya udaya nahIM hotaa| vRttikAra ke anusAra tIsare samaya meM karma akarma ho jAtA hai phira bhI sUtrakAra ne atIta aura bhaviSya kI sannidhi meM ekatA kA upacAra kara cauthe samaya meM akarma hone kI bAta kI hai|217 karma kI aneka avasthAeM haiN| unameM prathama avasthA baMdha aura antima avasthA udaya hai| udaya kAla meM karma kA vedana hotA hai|218vedn ke bAda karma no-karma bana jAtA hai| vedanA karma kI hotI hai, nirjarA akarma kI hotI hai| phala-vipAka ke bAda karma kI phaladAna zakti samApta ho jAtI hai, vaha phira karma nahIM rahatA, no-karma bana jAtA hai|219 vedanA aura nirjarA kA samaya pRthak hotA hai| jaisA ki gautama- mahAvIra ke saMvAda se spaSTa hotA hai gautama-bhaMte ! kyA vedanA aura nirjarA eka hai ? mahAvIra- donoM eka nahIM hai| vedanA karma kI hotI hai jabaki nirjarA no-karma kI hotI hai| 220 yaha nizcaya naya kA abhimata hai| sUtrakAra ne jo caturtha samaya meM akarma hone kI bAta kahI hai, vaha vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se hai / airyApathika kriyA AtmasaMvRta,221 saMvRta,222 avIcipatha meM sthita saMvata223 bhAvitAtmA anagAra224 ke hotI hai| kAla kI apekSA IryApathika baMdha dvisAmayika hai| jayAcArya ne aisA hI mAnA hai|225 tattvArtha bhASyakAra ne eka samaya svIkAra kiyA hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 97

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bhagavatI kA nimnokta saMvAda usakI spaSTa abhivyakti hai|226 gautama-bhaMte ! kevalI isa samaya meM jina AkAza-pradezoM meM hAtha, pAva, bAhUM ko avagAhita kara ThaharatA hai ? kyA vaha bhaviSya meM bhI unhIM AkAza-pradezoM meM avagAhita kara Thahara sakatA hai? mahAvIra-gautama ! yaha artha saMgata nahIM hai| kevalI meM ananta zakti hai| zakti kI abhivyakti zarIra ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| zarIra se vIrya kI utpatti hotI hai| vIrya se yoga (mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti yA caMcalatA) aura yoga kI pravRtti kAya, vacana, manovargaNA ke pudgaloM dvArA hotI hai| kevalI bhI usI AkAza pradeza para hAtha-paira Adi nahIM rakha sktaa| herAklAiTasa ne pravAha ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, unhoMne likhA-'into the same river no man can enter twice, ever it flows in and flows out.' koI bhI AdamI do bAra usI nadI meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA, vaha nirantara aMdara aura bAhara bahatI rahatI hai|227 yaha pratikSaNa parivartita hone kA siddhAMta zArIrika caMcalatA ke samakakSa hI hai| jaise ubalate pAnI meM nirantara kampana hote rahate haiN| vaise hI sayogI kevalI ke zarIra kA sUkSma saMcAlana nirantara hotA rahatA hai| 228 bhagavatI meM airyApathikI aura sAMparAyikI kI carcA aneka koNoM se kI gaI hai|229 donoM kA bhinna-bhinna svarUpa prApta hai| vahAM airyApathika ke cAra prakAra aura sAmparAyika kriyA ke do prakAra kI carcA bhI upalabdha hai (i) kevala kAyayoga se honevAlA karma-baMdha / (ii) akaSAya se hone vAlA karma-baMdha / (iii) yathAsUtra vicaraNa karane vAle ke honevAlA karma-baMdha / (iv) saMvRtta aura bhAvitAtmA ke hone vAlA karma-baMdha / sAmparAyika kriyA ke prakAra (i) kaSAya se hone vAlA karma - bNdh| (ii) utsUtra vicaraNa karane se hone vAlA karma-baMdha / airyApathika kriyA jIva ke jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa dezonapUrva koTi kAla paryanta rahatI hai| samparAya kA artha hai-saMsAra pribhrmnn| jisa kriyA se saMsAra kA bhramaNa ho, vaha sAmparAyikI hai|230 'samparAyAH kaSAyAH' kaSAyoM ke nimitta se jo kriyA ho, vaha sAmparAyikI hai| 98 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhagavatI meM bhAvitAtmA aura saMvRta anagAra kI carcA hai kintu yadi saMvRtta anagAra vItarAga hai to Ayukta vizeSaNa kI kyA apekSA hai ? vItarAga anAyukta nahIM hote isaliye prastuta prakaraNa meM saMvRta anagAra vItarAga kA vAcaka pratIta nahIM hotA bhagavatI meM hI nigraMtha ke pAMca prakAroM meM saMvRta bakuza, asaMvRta bakuza kA ullekha milatA hai| bakuza nizcaya hI vItarAga nahIM hai| ata: airyApathika kriyA ke saMdarbha meM Ayukta saMvRta anagAra zabda vItarAga bhinna anagAra kA vAcaka lagatA hai| isI prakAra bhAvitAtmA zabda kA prayoga bhI airyApathikI ke saMdarbha meM huA ho, saMbhava kama lagatA hai| mahAn dArzanika AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhagavatI bhASya meM siddhasena ke abhimata para vimarza hetu do zaMkA upasthita kI hai|231 pramatta avasthA meM calane vAle anagAra ke sAmparAyikI kriyA hotI hai| koI anagAra Ayukta-apramatta avasthA meM calatA hai, usake bhI sAmparAyika kriyA hotI hai to phira gautama ke prazna aura mahAvIra ke uttara kA tAtparya kyA hai? Agama nirdiSTa vidhi ke anusAra calane vAle ke airyApathikI kriyA hotI hai| Agama nirdiSTa vidhi ke pratikUla calane se sAmparAyika kriyA hotI hai| kyA sabhI sarAga anagAra utsUtra hI calate haiM ? AcArya mahAprajJa ne siddhasena evaM droNAcArya ke mata ko vimarzanIya mAnakara bhI anAyukta evaM yathAsUtra ke sambandha meM prazna upasthita kiye| prakArAntara se unakA abhimata siddhasena kI avadhAraNA ke nikaTa lagatA hai, jo samIcIna bhI hai| saMvRta anagAra ke liye jina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, ve sAdhanA kAlIna pratIta hotA hai| vItarAgatA sAdhanA nahIM, siddhi hai| airyApathikI akaSAyodaya se utpanna kriyA hai| sAmparAyikI kaSAyodaya kA phala hai isaliye donoM kA eka sAtha honA saMbhava nahIM hai| vItarAga avasthA se pUrva aipithikI kriyA kA baMdha nahIM hotA isaliye vaha sAdi hai| ayogI avasthA meM isakA baMdha ruka jAtA hai isaliye yaha saparyavasita hai, sAnta hai| 232 airyApathikI aura sAmparAyikI donoM kriyAoM meM jIva kA vyApAra nizcita rUpa se rahatA hai kintu karma-baMdha kI do avasthAoM para prakAza DAlane ke liye jIva ke vyApAra ko gauNa mAnakara inheM ajIva kriyA kahA gayA hai|233 jisa prakAra Azrava ke bIsa bhedoM meM se antima 15 bhedoM kA eka yoga Azrava meM samAhAra hotA hai, usI prakAra airyApathika ke atirikta caubIsa kriyAoM kA sAMparAyika kriyA meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| anya sAhitya meM kriyA-vicAra samAja meM sAmAjika upayogitA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai| kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 99

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adhyAtma samAja-nirapekSa bhUmikA hai| deha-mukti usakA lakSya hai isaliye isameM ahiMsA prANI ko na mArane taka hI sImita nahIM rahI apitu avirati aura kriyA ke siddhAMta taka pahuMca gii| hiMsA se virati nahIM karane vAlA hiMsA nahIM karane para bhI hiMsaka hai|234 avirati ke kAraNa prANI ko atIta kAlIna zarIra kI apekSA se bhI hiMsA kI kriyA lagatI hai|235 sarvavirati ke abhAva meM pratyeka prANI kA zarIra nirantara chaha kAya kA adhikaraNa banA rahatA hai| isa prakAra adhyAtma aikAntika nivRttivAdI patha hai| purANa meM nirdiSTa kriyA jaina AgamoM ke atirikta jaina purANa Adi meM bhI tIna prakAra kI kriyAoM kA pratipAdana milatA hai|236 (1) garbhAnvaya kriyA (2) dIkSAnvaya kriyA (3) kanvaya Adi purANa ke ar3atIsaveM parva meM ina kriyAoM ke prabheda isa prakAra hai - (1) garbhAnvaya kriyAeM 1. AdhAna 2. prIti 3. suprIti 4. dhRti 5. moda 6. priyodbhava 7. nAmakarma 8. bahiryAna 9. niSadyA 10. prAzana 11. vyuSTi 12. kezavApa 13. lipi saMkhyAna saMgraha 14. upanIti 15. vratacaryA 16. vratAvataraNa 17. vivAha 18. varNalAbha 19. kulacaryA 20. gRhIzitA 21. prazAnti 22. gRhatyAga 23. dIkSAdya 24. jinarUpatA 25. maunAdhyayana vRttatva 26. tIrthakRta 27. gurusthAnAbhyugama 28. gaNopagrahaNa 29. svagurusthAnasaMkrAnti 30. ni:saMgatvAtma bhAvanA 31. yoga nirvANa saMprApti 32. yoga nirvANa sAdhana 33. indropapAda 34. abhiSeka 35. vidhidAna 36. sukhodaya 37. indratyA 38. avatAra 39. hiraNyotkRSTa janmatA 40. maMdarendrAbhiSeka 41. gurupUjopalambhana 42. yauvarAjya 43. svarAja 44. cakralAbha 45. digvijaya 46. cakrAbhiSeka 47. sAmrAjya 49. yoga sanmaha 50. Arhantya 51. tadvihAra 52. yogatyAga 53. agranirvRtti 100 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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isa prakAra paramAgama meM garbha se lekara nirvANa paryanta uparyukta 53 kriyAoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| (2) dIkSAnvaya kriyAeM 1 avatAra 2 vRttalAbha 3 sthAnalAbha 4 gaNagraha 5 pUjArAdhya 6 puNyayajJa 7 dRDhacaryA aura 8 upayogitA / ina ATha kriyAoM ke sAtha upanIti nAmaka caudahavIM kriyA se tirapanavIM nirvANa (agranirvRtti) kriyA taka kI cAlIsa kriyAeM dIkSAnvaya kriyAeM kahalAtI haiN| (3) kartranvaya kriyAeM ye ve kriyAeM haiM jo puNya karanevAle logoM ko prApta ho sakatI hai aura jo samIcIna mArga kI ArAdhanA karane ke phalasvarUpa hotI haiN| 1. sajjAti 2. sadgRhitva 3. pArivrAjya 4. surendratA 5. sAmrAjya 6. paramArhantya 7. paramanirvANa / anya kriyAeM uparyukta kriyAoM ke alAvA tIna prakAra kI kriyAoM kA ullekha karanA bhI prasaMgika hogaa| ve haiM - (1) mAMtrika kriyA (2) yAMtrika kriyA (3) tAMtrika kriyA / (1) mAMtrika kriyA - akSaroM kI prabhAvaka racanA vizeSa kA nAma maMtra hai| maMtroM kA spaSTa evaM layabaddha uccAraNa karane se sAdhaka ke cAroM ora kucha viziSTa prakAra kI dhvani taraMgeM utpanna hone lagatI haiN| kisI bhI taraMga kA utpanna honA yaha pramANita karatA hai| ki AkAzIya prakampanoM meM kucha tIvratA AI hai| jisa varNa samUha kA manana karane se duHkha mukti hotI hai, vahI maMtra hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se maMtra kA artha hai- mAnava mana meM utpanna prema kA udreka | sAdhanA meM maMtra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| laya baddha sAdhanA se maMtra prabhAvI banatA hai| isakA manograMthiyoM para anukUla prabhAva par3atA hai| cetana mana ke stara khulane lagate haiN| dhvani taraMgeM mana ke saMtulana, roga nivAraNa tathA zakti ke AkarSaNa meM bahuta acchA kArya karatI hai| isake viparIta vikSipta ho jAnA, sAdhanA ke vimukha honA, naye rogoM kA udbhava - ye 'saba maMtroccAraNa kI azuddhatA aura aspaSTatA ke pariNAma haiN| dUsarA, maMtra ke sAtha AsthA aura zraddhA kA bhI honA Avazyaka hai| jaba vyakti vilakSaNa sAmarthya prApti ke liye kisI maMtra kA AsthA ke sAtha anuSThAna karatA hai taba usake zarIra, indriyoM aura citta meM abhinava zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| pAtaJjala yoga darzana meM ATha siddhiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| 23 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 101

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1. aNimA- aNu ke samAna sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa kara lenaa| 2. mahimA- zarIra ko bar3A kara lenaa| 3. laghimA- zarIra ko halkA kara lenaa| 4. garimA-zarIra ko bhArI banA lenaa| 5. prApti-saMkalpa mAtra se icchita vastu prApta kara lenaa| 6. prAkAmya- anAyAsa padArtha sambandhI icchA pUrti ho jaanaa| 7. IzitA- padArthoM ko nAnA rUpoM meM utpanna krnaa| 8. vazitA- pratyeka vastu para apanA Adhipatya kara lenaa| vibhinna svara, vyaMjana aura zabdoM se niSkAsita dhvani se nAda utpanna hotA hai| nAda kA prabhAva bhI pRthak-pRthak hotA hai usase eka vAtAvaraNa banatA hai, zarIra, mana, mastiSka tathA vANI Adi prabhAvita hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki vividha kAmanAoM evaM kAryoM ke nimitta se vibhinna maMtroM kA sRjana huA hai| manuSya jaba zArIrika, mAnasika, AdhyAtmika yA Adi bhautika vyAdhiyoM se gujaratA hai, taba sahaja hI usakA dhyAna tIna zabdoM para jAtA hai-mNtr-yNtr-tNtr| unakA vizvAsa hai ki inameM se kisI eka yA samuccaya se bAdhAoM kA nirasana ho sakatA hai| hama svastha raha sakate haiN| tInoM meM maMtra zabda bahuta pracalita hai| bhale yaMtra-taMtra kama pracalita ho kintu tInoM eka dUsare se sambandhita hI hai| lagatA hai prArambha meM taMtra bhI maMtroM meM hI samAhita the| kAlAntara meM jaba maMtra adhyAtma zakti ke pratIka bana gaye to taMtra bhautika kriyAoM ke samuccaya ke rUpa meM unase pRthak ho gye| yaha pRthakkaraNa sAtavIM, AThavIM sadI meM mAnA jAtA hai| tInoM ananya hai, jahAM maMtra mAnasika kriyA pradhAna hai vahAM yaMtra bIjAkSaroM evaM AkRtiyoM para AdhArita hai| taMtra bhautika kriyA pradhAna hai| phalataH 1. maMtra- manobhautika (manaHpradhAna zakti srota) 2. taMtra- bhautika (bhautika kriyA pradhAna zakti srota)237a 3. yaMtra-maMtra evaM taMtra kA adhikaraNa hai| veda, purANa, taMtra zAstra Adi meM isa prakAra ke maMtroM kA bAhulya hai| mAraNa, mohana, vazIkaraNa, staMbhana, uccATana, AkarSaNa, vidveSaNa Adi alaga-alaga maMtra haiN| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 102

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maMtra ke liMga ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra kiye gaye haiM 1. puruSa maMtra - jisa maMtra ke anta meM 'phaT yA vaSaT' ho, vaha puruSa maMtra kahalAtA hai| 2. strI maMtra - jisake anta meM 'vauSaT yA svAhA' ho, vaha strImaMtra hai| 3. napuMsaka maMtra - jisake anta meM 'huM yA namaH' ho, vaha napuMsaka maMtra kahA jAtA hai| akSaroM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra bhI maMtra kaI prakAra ke hote haiM piNDamaMtra - jisameM eka akSara ho, vaha piNDa maMtra hai| kartarImaMtra - jisameM do akSara ho, vaha kartarI maMtra hai| bIja maMtra - tIna se 9 akSaroM taka ke maMtra bIja maMtra hai| maMtra- 10 se 20 akSara vAle maMtra kahalAte haiN| mAlAmaMtra - bIsa se adhika akSara ho to mAlA maMtra kahA jAtA hai| maMtra japa kI vidhi 1. maMtra ke prati aTUTa AsthA ho / 2. sAdhanA kAla meM brahmacarya kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| 3. zArIrika zuddhi yAnI, mana, vacana aura karma se pavitra rheN| 4. maMtra japa ke samaya merUdaNDa sIdhA rhe| 5. mana ko ekAgra rkheN| citta vRttiyoM ko idhara-udhara na jAne deN| 6. maMtra japa meM nirantaratA honI caahiye| dIrgha japa hI zarIra aura cetanA ke bIca naI halacala paidA karatA hai| zvAsa hamAre mana kA darpaNa hai| mAlA prAraMbha karate samaya dekheM ki kaunase nAsAgra sAMsa A rahA hai| yadi donoM nAsAgra khule haiM to bahuta hI upayogI hai kintu yadi bAyAM svara cala rahA hai to turanta mAlA zurU kara denI cAhiye / mAlA ko yatra-tatra nahIM rakhanA caahiye| eka dUsare ke bIca mAlA kA AdAna-pradAna na ho| jisa mAlA se jApa kareM use gale meM na phneN| 9. maMtra japa kAmanA rahita honA caahiye| 10 japa meM dIvAra kA sahArA yA paira lambA kara na baittheN| 11; japa niyamita aura nirdhArita saMkhyA meM honA caahiye| jaise 7. 8. kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa - 103

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1. 'OM hrIM zrIM aha~ namaH' 6 mahine taka eka maalaa| lAbha-vacanasiddhi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| bahuta camatkArika maMtra hai| 2. OM hIM zrIM klIM blu aha~ namaH' trisamaya eka-eka maalaa| lAbha- sarva kAmanA pUrNa hotI hai| yaha sarvakAryasiddhi maMtra hai| 3. OM hrIM namaH' lAbha- vyaktitva nirmANa ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha anubhava siddha maMtra hai| jaina dharma meM maMtroM ke sAtha-sAtha yaMtroM kA bhI vikAsa huA hai| yaMtra jyAmitIya AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita kiye jAte haiN| yaMtra meM vividha maMtra evaM saMkhyAeM eka nizcita krama meM likhI huI hotI hai maMtra dhvani rUpa hote haiM unakA japa kiyA hai yaMtra AkRti rUpa hote haiM unakA dhAraNa yA pUjana hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM yantropAsanA kA vikAsa huA hai aura vaha Ajataka jIvita bhI hai| kintu lagabhaga navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina sAhitya meM kahIM bhI yaMtroM ke nirmANa aura unakI upAsanA ke ullekha nahIM milte| bAda meM 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI se jaina graMthoM meM yaMtra racanA aura yaMtropAsanA ke vidhi-vidhAna parilakSita hone lagate haiN| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki yaMtropAsanA kI paddhati jainoM kI apanI maulika nahIM rhii| unhoMne use anya paramparAoM ke prabhAva se hI apane meM vikasita kiyaa| sambhAvanA yahI hai ki hindU aura bauddha paramparAoM ke prabhAva se jainoM meM yaMtra racanA aura yaMtropAsanA kI paddhati vikasita huI ho, kintu yaMtroM kI AkRtigata samarUpatA ko chor3akara jaina yantroM kI hindU aura bauddha yaMtroM se aura koI samarUpatA nahIM hai| ___yaMtroM meM likhe jAne vAle nAmoM, padoM, bIjAkSaroM athavA saMkhyAoM kI yojanA unhoMne apane DhaMga se hI kI hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yantroM ke prArUpa jo jainoM ne anya paramparAoM se gRhIta kiye kintu unakI viSaya vastu aura yantra racanA vidhi jainoM kI apanI maulika hai|237b laghuvidyAnuvAda meM saMgRhIta yantra __ AcAryazrI kunthusAgarajI ke laghuvidyAnuvAda nAmaka grantha meM aneka yantroM kA vipula mAtrA meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM vibhinna yakSa-yakSiyoM evaM deviyoM se sambandhita mantroM se garbhita yantroM ke sAtha-sAtha mAtRkApadoM aura saMkhyAoM ke AdhAra ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 104

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para nirmita yantroM kA bhI eka bRhad saMgraha hai| yadyapi jainendra siddhAntakoza evaM laghuvidyAnuvAda donoM hI granthoM kI racanA digambara paramparA meM hI huI hai phira bhI laghuvidyAnuvAda meM AcAryazrI ne na kevala digambara paramparA meM pracalita yantroM kA saMgraha kiyA hai apitu unhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita ghaNTAkarNa mahAvIra aura uvasaggahara stotra para AdhArita yantra evaM anya aise hI kucha anya yantroM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| ___mAtra yahI nIM, unake isa grantha meM bhairava, sugrIva, hanumAna, garur3a, zaMkara, mahAdeva, ziva, tArA, cAmuNDA Adi hindU paramparA ke anekoM devI-devatAoM dvArA adhiSThita maMtra aura yantra bhI saMgRhIta hai| isake sAtha hI jahAM taka maMgalam, jainendrasiddhAntakoza aura bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa meM saMgRhIta yantroM kA prazna hai, unameM saMkhyA para AdhArita yantroM kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| inameM mAtra do-tIna yantra hI aise haiM jinameM saMkhyAoM kA ullekha huA hai, vahIM laghuvidyAnuvAda meM saMgRhIta yantroM meM do sau se adhika yantra saMkhyAoM para AdhArita haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM laghuvidyAnuvAda meM sAmAnya yantroM evaM saMkhyA para AdhArita yantroM kA nirmANa kisa prakAra karanA cAhie aura unheM siddha kisa prakAra se karanA cAhie, isakA ' bhI vistAra se ullekha huA hai| jina pAThakoM kI isameM ruci ho ve unheM dekha sakate haiN| yAMtrika kriyA ___ maMtra zAstra ke vikasita rUpa ne yaMtra ko janma diyaa| yaMtra bhI vastuta: saMkhyAmaya maMtra hI hai kintu racanA kI dRSTi se nitAnta bhinnatA dikhatI hai| maMtra-sAdhanA, dhvani para AdhArita hai aura isake atyadhika prabhAva ke liye ni:saMdeha yaMtra kI racanA, prANa-pratiSThA aura ArAdhanA kI jAye to ve sAdhaka ke liye hI nahIM, sAdhAraNa darzaka ke liye bhI siddhidAyaka, kalyANakArI aura parama hitakArI ho sakate haiN| - yaMtroM ke bhI apane vidhi-vidhAna haiN| unakA pAlana karanA atyAvazyaka hai| niyama - vidhi se pariNati nizcita hai| ata: kArya-siddhi, sugamatA aura nizcita pariNAma ke liye niyamoM kA mahattva sarvopari hai| thor3A sA pramAda bhI sAdhanA meM asaphalatA ke sAtha aniSTa pariNAma bhI lA detA hai| kisa viSaya meM kaunasA yaMtra kisa rUpa meM likhA jAtA hai| pahale usakI avagati kara lenA carUrI hai| jaise kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 105

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kalaha nivAraka yaMtra 11 | 4 | 5 1 | 7 | 12 || 8 | 1 | 3 | sammAnakArI yaMtra 44 51 1 2 6 | 3 | 48 | 47 50 | 45 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4649 sarva siddhi dAyaka 1. I 6 5 | 7 4 | 1 | 2 kArya siddhi maMtra | 9 | 2 | 4 5 | 3 | 685 | 6 | 5 | 18 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 4 106 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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tAMtrika kriyA taMtra-yaha maMtra-zAstra kA tIsarA AyAma hai| taMtra-sAdhanA kA pracalana yaMtra sAdhanA ke pazcAt huA hai| maMtra-sAdhanA ko sarala evaM subodha banAne ke liye citrAtmaka rUpa meM yaMtroM ke abhAva meM kevala padArtha ke AdhAra para hI siddhi prApta karane kI pRSThabhUmi meM, taMtrasAdhanA kI prastuti huI hai| taMtra zAsra kA abhimata hai ki yogI ko jaba ATha siddhiyAM prApta hotI hai taba use dehasiddhi kI bhI upalabdhi sahaja ho jAtI hai| dehasiddhi kA tAtparya yaha hai ki usakA zarIra AkarSaka, mohaka, rogoM se anAkrAnta aura vajra kI taraha dRr3ha bana jAtA hai| deha-siddhi ke do prakAra haiM- sApekSa dehasiddhi aura nirapekSa dehsiddh| sApekSa dehasiddhi asamyaka hotI hai aura nirapekSa dehasiddhi samyaka hotI hai| taMtra meM laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza hai| vyakti kI zraddhA bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| kucha maMtra-japa meM vizvAsa karate haiM to kucha yaMtra-sAdhanA aura taMtra-sAdhanA meN| mAMtrika kriyAeM hoM, yAMtrika yA tAMtrika kriyAeM unake pIche iSTAvApti kA lakSya pramukha hotA hai| sakriyatA - akriyatA yugma pada kI mImAMsA aneka jIva eka sAtha meM utpanna hote hai| use rAzi-yugma kahate haiN| rAzi ke do bheda hote haiM- yugma aura oj| sama saMkhyA (2,4,6,8) ko yugma aura viSama saMkhyA (1,3,5,7,9) ko oja kahA jAtA hai| ThANaM 14/36 Ti. pR. 515 yugma ke do bheda haiM- kRtayugma aura dvApara yugma oja ke do bheda - tryoja aura klyoj| inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai1. kRtayugma- rAzi meM cAra-cAra ghaTAne para zeSa cAra rahe, jaise- 8,12, 16, 20 ... / 2. dvApara yugma- rAzi meM se cAra ghaTAne para zeSa do rahe, jaise- 6, 10, 14, 18... / 3. tryoja yugma- rAzi meM se cAra-cAra ghaTAne para zeSa tIna rahe, jaise- 7,11, 15, 19 ... / 4. kalyoja-rAzi meM se cAra-cAra ghaTAne para eka zeSa rahe, jaise- 5, 9, 13, ___17, 21... / rAziyugma ekendriya jIva sakriya hote haiM akriya nhiiN| isI prakAra salezI, bhavasiddhika, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya asaMjJI paMcendriya sabhI sakriya hote hai| nArakI kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 107

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se vaimAnika taka isI prakAra jJAtavya hai / rAzi yugma saMjJI paMcendriya meM bAraha guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM kA hI samAveza hai| rAzi tryoja, dvApara aura kalyoja ke sambandha meM rAzi yugma - kRta yugma kI taraha samajhanA cAhiye / mAtra kriyA kI apekSA nAraka, tiryaJca, devagati ke jIva niyamata: sakriya hote hai| manuSya terahaveM guNasthAna taka sakriya, caudahaveM meM akriya haiN| pApa karma ke baMdhana kI apekSA sabhI jIva sakriya haiN| manuSya 10 veM guNasthAna taka sakriya hai| gyArahaveM se terahaveM taka akriya hai| airyApathika kriyA kI apekSA 11-12-13 veM guNasthAna taka sakriya hai| parispaMdana kriyA kI apekSA caudahaveM guNasthAna ke atirikta sabhI jIva sakriya hai| kriyA saMpanna jIva karma-baMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| kriyA aura karaNa sthAnAMga meM 'kriyate yena tatkaraNaM' kahakara kriyA ke sAdhana ko karaNa kahA hai| 238 jitane prakAra ke karaNa haiM, utane hI prakAra kriyA ke hai| jaina darzana meM kriyA ke karaNa ko karma-baMdha kA hetu kahA hai, usI prakAra gItA meM bhI karaNa ko karma-saMgraha kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| 239 karaNa ke do prakAra haiM- bAhya aura AbhyAntara / bAhya kriyA zrotrendriya Adi se hotI hai / antastha kriyA buddhi ke AdhAra para hotI hai| icchA pUrvaka jo kriyA kI jAye, vaha karma hai| 240 prANI mAtra karma se Abaddha hai kintu jaisA ki kahA gayA hai 'yogayukto vizuddhAtmA vijitAtmA jitendriyaH / sarva bhUtAtmabhUtAtmAkurvannapi na lipyate / ' samyadgarzana prApti upAya rUpa yoga se yukta, vizuddha AtmA, vijitAtmA, vijitadeha, jitendriya- aisI AtmA kriyA karate hue bhI karmoM se lipta nahIM hotA | 241 yaha kriyA IryApathika kriyA ke samakakSa hai| jaise-jaise kaSAya kSINa hote hai, AtmA zuddha hotI hai, akriyA kI avasthA AtI hai| AtmA aura pudgala ke sambandha kA kAraNa kriyA hai| akriyA meM sambandha setu TUTa jAtA hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM sampUrNa akriyA kI sthiti A jAtI hai unake karma usI prakAra kSaya ho jAte haiM jaise agni meM DAle hue sUkhe tRNamUlaka aura garama tave para gire jala-bindu / pravRtti - nivRtti kA saMtulana vRttAtparya hai kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAeM | nivRtti kA artha hai- yogajanya kriyAoM kA abhaav| sAmAnyata: kSaNa mAtra ke liye bhI aisI avasthA nahIM ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 108

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AtI jaba prANI kI samasta kriyAoM kA nirodha ho jaaye| caudahaveM guNasthAna ke atirikta sabhI guNasthAnoM meM pravRtti-nivRti kA saMgama hai| naitika vikAsa ke liye donoM apekSita haiN| jaise kAra ke liye gatidAyaka yaMtra (eksIleTara) aura gati nirodhaka yaMtra (breka) jarUrI hai usI prakAra pUrNa-nivRtti kI aura bar3hane ke liye satkriyA rUpa pravRtti kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| sAdhaka saMkalpa karatA hai asaMjamaM pariyANAmi, saMjamaM uvasaMpajAmi / abaMbhaM pariyANAmi, baMbhaM uvasaMpajAmi / akappaM pariyANAmi, kappaM uvasaMpajjAmi / aNNANaM pariyANAmi, nANaM uvasaMpajAmi / akiriyaM pariyANAmi, kiriyaM uvasaMpajjAmi / micchattaM pariyANAmi, sammattaM uvasaMpajjAmi / abohiM pariyANAmi, bohiM uvasaMpajjAmi / amaggaM pariyANAmi, maggaM uvasaMpajAmi / -arthAt asaMyama, abrahmacarya, akaraNIya, ajJAna, nAstikatA, mithyAtva, abodhi aura amArga kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hUM aura saMyama, brahmacarya,karaNIya, jJAna, AstikatA, samyaktva, bodhi aura sumArga ko svIkAra karatA huuN|242 jaina darzana meM nivRtti pradhAna pravRtti kA vidhAna hai| gItAkAra pravRtti pradhAna nivRtti ko mahattva dete haiN| bauddha darzana meM donoM kA samAna mUlya hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM gRhastha-sAdhaka kI bhUmikA viratAvirata kI mAnI hai| usameM AMzika rUpa se pravRtti-nivRtti donoM haiN|243 niSkarSa jaina darzana ne pravRtti rUpa kriyA ko yoga kahA hai| jabaki yahAM kriyA kA tAtparyaAtmA kI Antarika cetanA meM rahe hue parispandana haiN| AcAra zAstra kA preraka tattva haisukha kI prApti, duHkha kI nivRtti| sampUrNa jainAcAra karma-baMdha evaM karma-mukti ke vicAra para avalambita hai| AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyAvAda-ye cAroM vAda AcAra zAstra ke AdhAra haiN| ina sabakA kendriya tattva hai- aatmaa| use jAna lene ke bAda sampUrNa loka kA jJAna hotA hai| loka arthAt paudgalika jgt| AtmA hai, pudgala bhI hai kintu inake bIca sambandhakAraka tattva na ho to ye eka dUsare ko prabhAvita nahIM kara skte| vaha kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 109

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sambandha - setu hai - kriyA / IryApathika kriyA ke alAvA sabhI kriyAeM karma - baMdhana meM nimitta haiN| kriyA ke abhAva meM karma kA baMdhana nahIM hotaa| kahA gayA hai- 'akriyA yoganirodhalakSaNA gati, prakaMpana arthAt yoganirodha akriyA hai| 238 zailezIkaraNa kI avasthA meM enAdi kriyAeM baMda ho jAtI haiM, AtmA aura karma kA sambandha samApta ho jAtA hai| karma zodhana se akriya kI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| tatpazcAt prANI kSaNabhara meM parinirvANa ko prApta kara sarva duHkhoM kA anta kara detA hai| baMdhana mukti kI yaha sUkSma vyAkhyA kriyA - akriyA kA viSaya haiN| saMdarbha sUci 1. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi ; pR. 319 2. amarakoza; 3/3/56 3. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 2 adhyayana ' gAthA 19 TIkA (kha) sUtrakRtAMga 2 adhyayana ' sUtra 21, 19 TIkA - kriyA parispaMdAtmikA ceSTA rUpA kriyate kriyA vA nirvyApAra tayA sthiti rUpA kriyate / sUtra 17 - kriyAM vA sadanuSThAnAtmikAma kriyAM vA asdnusstthaanruupaam| (ga) vahI, (gha) vahI, pR. 336; ejanaM kaMpanaM gamanaM kriyetyanarthAntara / 4. vahI, adhyayana ', sUtra 17 TIkA 5. (ka) sthAnAMga 2, sUtra 60 TIkA (kha) bhagavatI; 3 / 3 / 134 110 karaNaM kriyA kriyata iti vA kriyA / - karaNaM kriyA-karma baMdhanibaMdhanA ceSTA ityrthH| kriyA niSpAdyaM karmoktam / - (ga) paNNavaNA pada; 22, sU. 1567, TIkA karaNaM kriyA-karma baMdhanibaMdhanA ceSTA ityarthaH / 6. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra 37 7. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 8. ThANAMga 2, pR. 114 9. bhagavatI vRtti; 1 /444 10. (ka) bhagavaI bhASya; 1 / 10 / 444 - 445 pR.192 (kha) ThANAMga sUtra, 2 / 2-37 pR. 144 - ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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11. sthAnAMga; 2 / 2-37 12. tattvArthasUtra; 6/6 13. AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskaMdha; 2/2/34 . aMgasuttANi - bhAga 1, kAlAikkaMta - kiriyApadaM - se AgaMtAresu vA, ArAmAgAresu vA, gAhAvai - kulesuvA, pariyAvasahesu vA, je bhayaMtAro uDubaddhiyaM vA vAsAvAsiyaM vA kappaM uvAtiNAvittA tattheva bhujjo saMvasaMti ayamAuso ! kAlAikkaMta - kiriyA bhavai / 14. vahI; 2/2/35 15. vahI; 2 /2 / 36 16. vahI; 2/2/37 17. vahI; 2/2/38 18. vahI; 2/2/40 19. vahI; 2 / 2 /41 20. vahI; 2/2/42 21. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 336, imehiM bArasahiM kiriya - ThANehiM bujjhati, muccati terasameNaM / 22. bhagavaI; 1/80 23. ThANAMga; 2 / 2-37 24. tattvArthasUtra; 6/6 25. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi; pR. 336 - 26. ThANAMga; 5/111 27. sUtrakRtAMga zrutaskaMdha dvitIya 2/2/1 TippaNa; pR. 137 se uddhRta 28. vahI; 2/2/3 29. vahI; 2/2/4 30. vahI; 2/2/7 31. majjhimanikAya, upAli sutta manopuvvaMgamA dhammA manoseTThA manomayA / manasA ce paduTThena vA karoti vA / tato naM dukkha manveti cakkaM va bahato padaM / / (dhammapada, prathama gAthA ) 32. Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana; pR. 541 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 111

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33. vahI, pR. 541 34. AcArAMga; 1/1/5-7 35. vahI; 2/2/3 36. uttarAdhyana; 32/7 (kha) aMguttara nikAya; 3/331 37. jaina, bauddha gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhA; 1, pR. 482 38. paNNavaNA; 22/15-16 39. sthAnAMga cUrNi; pR.303 40. vahI; pR.344 41. vRtti; patra - 51 42. paNNavaNA; 22 / 1579 43. sUtrakRtAMga; 2/2/21 TIkA . 44. sUtrakRtAMga; 2/2/12 45. vRtti patra; 24 - parivaMdana sNstv:prshNsaa| 46. AcArAMga; 1/1/40 47. praznavyAkaraNa; 1/6 48. vahI; 1/3 49. vahI; 1/8 50. vahI; 1/11-12 51. AcArAMga sUtra; 1/13 - aTTe loe parijuNNe, dussNbohe| 52. paNNavaNA; pada 22 sU.1568 pR. 478 53. sthAnAMga; 2/1/60 TIkA, bha.ga.bhA-2, 3/3/135, paNNavaNA 22/1568 / 54. bhagavatI; 3/135 TIkA 55. prajJApanA pada, 22 sU.1568 pR .478 56. tattvArtha sUtra; vRtti 6/6 56 (a) tattvArtha/6/6/6 ThANaM pR. 195 57. paNNavaNA, pada 22 sU.1568 58. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 112 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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59. bhagavatI; 1/1/48 60. paNNavaNA; pada 22 sU.1568 TIkA sarva virati, avirati, virti-avirti| uparato-dezataH sarvato vA sAvadya yogAdvirata : no parato'nuparataH kutazcidapya nivRtta ityarthaHtasya kAyikI anuparata kAyikI kriyate vartate, iyaM prati prANi nivartate, iyamaviratasya veditavyA, na deza viratasya sarva viratasya vaa| 61. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra, 38 62. bhagavaI; 16/1 63. paNNavaNA; pada. 22/1569 TIkA 64. sthAnAMga; 2/7 65. bhagavaI vRtti; 3/136 66. paNNavaNA; pada 22 sU.1569 TIkA 67. bhagavaI; 3/135 68. paNNavaNA; pada 22 sU.1569 TIkA 69. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra 38, pradveSo-matsarastena nirvRttA praadvessikii| 70. (ka) tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 " (kha) vahI; 6/5 71. gAMdhIvANI pR.37 72. bhagavaI.vRtti 3/137 73. (ka) sthAnAMga; 2/60 kI TIkA .. paritApanaM-tADanAdi duHkha vizeSa lakSaNaM tena nirvRttA paaritaapnikii| 73. (kha) bhagavaI 3/3 TIkA-pAritApanaM - paritApaH-pIDAkaraNam, tatra bhavA, tena vA nirvRtA, tadeva vA paaritaapnikii| 73. (ga) kriyAkoza; pR. 66 tappajAya viNAso, dukkhapAo ya saMkileso y| esa vaho jiNa bhaNio, vajeyavvo pyttennN|| 74. paNNavaNA, pada; 22 75. paNNavaNA, pada; 22 76. bhagavatI bhASya; 5/6/134 pR.180-181 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 113

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77. bhagavatI vRtti; 5/6/134 78. bhagavatI bhASya khaNDa; 1 pR. 164 79. vahI, khaNDa; 2 7/6-7 80. vahI khaNDa; 1, 1/370-371 81. vahI; 1/8/371 82. pAtaJjala yoga darzana, 2/12 83. bhagavaI vRtti; 1/372 83. (a) bhagavaI bhASya; 165 84. bhagavaI; 9/251-252 85. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/372 86. (ka) bhagavatI vRtti; 1/372 (kha) uddhRta bhagavatI bhASya 166 87. bhagavatI bhASya; pR.166 88. bhagavatI; 1/6/276 - 279 89. sthAnAMga; 60 kI TIkA 90. (ka) sUyagaDo; -1, pR.54 (kha) indriyavAdI caupAI; DhAla 9.15 (ga) sUyagaDo; - 2/4/9-17 91. sUyagaDo; 1 pR. - 52 cUrNi; pR. 37, kathaM punarUpacIyate ? ucyate, yadi sattvazca bhavati sattvasaMjJA ca saJcintya jIvatAd vyaparopaNaM praannaatipaatH| 92. vRtti; patra 39, sUyagaDo 1 pR.53 parijJopacitAdasyAya bhedaHtatra kevalaM manasA cintanamiha tvareNa-vyApAdyamAne praanninynumodnmiti| 93. paNNavaNA, pada; 22 94. (ka) bhagavaI bhASya; 8/6/258-270 (aMgasuttANi - 2) 94. (kha) kriyAkoza pR. 175 94 (ga) uddhRta bhagavatI bhASya pR. 32 114 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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95. paNNavaNA; pada 22 sU.1622 TIkA 96. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/33, - AraMbho-jIvopaghAta: upadravaNamityarthaH sAmAnyenavAzravadvAra prvRttiH| 97. bhagavatI bhASya; 1/33-34 "asubhaM jogaM paDucca AyAraMbhA vi|" ... "aviratiM paDucca AyAraMbhA vi|" 98. AcArAMga cUrNi; pR.190 99. sthAnAMga, 2/60 TIkA ArambhaNamArambhaH tatra bhavA aarmbhikii| 100.zloka vArtika; 6/5 pR.445 gA. chedanAdi kriyAsakta cittatvaM svasya ydbhvte| pareNa tatkRtau harSa sehArambha kriyA mtaa| 101.AcArAMga bhASya; 1/6-7 102.AyAro; 1/11-12 103.sthAnAMga vRtti patra; 38 104.cUrNi; pR.175 105.vRttipatra; 177 106.sthAnAMgavRtti; patra 38 107.tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 108.bhagavaI; 1/2/71 kI TIkA 109.bhagavaI, khaNDa; 2, 5/7/181-182 neraiyA NaM bhaMte ! kiM sAraMbhA sapariggahA ? udAhu - aNAraMbhA apariggahA goyamA ! neraiyA sAraMbhA, saparigahA, no aNAraMbhA, aprigghaa| 110.bhagavatIbhASya, 5/182-190 sarIrA pariggahiyA bhavaMti, kammA pariggahiyA bhavaMti, sacittAcitta mIsayAi, davvAiM pariggahiyAI bhvNti| 111.sthAnAMga; 3/94-96 112. bhagavaI vRtti; 5/187 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 115

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112.a. ThANAMga 2; 41-62 taka 113. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra, 38 114.paNNavaNA,pada; 22/1624- mAyA-anArjavamupalakSaNatvAt krodhoderapi parigrahaH, mAyA pratyayaH karaNaM yasyAH sA mAyA prtyyaa| 115. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 116.sthAnAMga; 2/17-18 kI TIkA AyabhAvaM vaMkaNatA ceva tti AtmabhAvasyA prazasta vaMkanatA - vakrIkaraNaM prazastatvopadarzanatA AtmabhAva vaMkanatA, vaMkanAnAM ca bahutva vivakSAyAM bhAva na viruddhaH sA ca kriyA vyApAratvAt / 117. vahI - jJAnadarzanAdiSu nikRtirvaJcanaM mAyAkriyA / parabhAva vaMkaNatA ceva ti parabhAvasya vaMkanatA vaMcanatA yA kUTalekha karaNAdibhiH sA parabhAva vaMkanateti, yato vRddha vyAkhyeyaM taM taM bhAvamAyarai jeNa paro vaMccijjii kUDa lehakaraNaI hiNti| 118. bhagavaI vRtti;1/71 119. ThANaM; 2/37 120. jhINI carcA; 6/9 121. ThANaM; 4/102-103 122. ApTe; To Deny 123. vahI; To Decline, rebuse, reject. 124. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 saMyama ghAti karmodaya vazAdanivRttirapratyAkhyAna kriyaa| 125. sUtrakRtAMga bhAga dvitIya, 4/17 126. sUtrakRtAMga bhAga dvitIya, pR. 675 127. bhagavaI, 7/27-28 128. bhagavatI vRtti; 7/28 jJAnAbhAvena yathAvad paripAlanAt supratyAkhyAnatvA bhAva: / 129. bhagavatI jor3a; 2 /115/19-29 116 130. bhagavatI bhASya; 7/2/27-33 pR.341 kativihe NaM bhaMte! paccakkhANe paNNatte ? gomA ! duvihe paccakkhANe paNNatte, taM jahA - mUlaguNa paccakkhANe ye, uttara guNa paccakkhANe y| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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131. pravacana sAra; 208,209 132. (ka) ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 66 madyamAMsamadhu tyAgai, sahANuvrata paJcakam / aSTau mUla guNAnAhurgRhiNA shrmnnottmaaH| (kha) bhagavaI khaNDa, dvitIya, pR. 342 133. ThANaM sUtra; 10/101, pR. 994 -996 134. sUtrakRtAMga niryukti; 1 / 14 / 129 - mUla guNe paMcaviho, uttaraguNa bArasa viho / 135. bhagavatI ArAdhanA; 2081 sarvArtha siddhi; 7/21 136. tattvArthasUtra, bhASya vRtti; 7/16 137. mahApurANa; 10 / 165 138. bhagavaI; 7/35 139.vahI; 7/36 vANaM bhaMte! kiM mUlaguNa paccakkhANI ? uttaraguNa paccakkhANI ? apaccakkhANI ? goyamA ! jIvA mUlaguNa paccakkhANI vi uttara guNa paccakkhANI vi, apaccakkhANI vi| 140. bhagavaI khaNDa dvitIya, 7/40 141. bhagavatI joDa; 2 / 102, 18/20 142. ThANaM; 10/93 143. bhagavaI, 1, 1/34-35 144. sthAnAMga vRtti, patra; 38 145. tatvArthavArtika; 6/5 146. sarvArthasiddhi TIkA; 8 / 1 /375 bAraha aNuvekkhA; gA. 48 rAjavArtika; 8/28/514 147. majjhimanikAya; 2/5/5 pR. 400 148.ThANaM; 10/74 149. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana; bhA. 2, pR. 40 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 117

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150.aMgutara nikAya; 1/10/12 151.gItA; 4/40 152. hisTrI Apha philosaoNphI; pR. 287 153.bhagavatI jor3a; 1/7/134-139 154.bhagavaI; 10/56 155. bhagavaI; 10/6 156.sUtrakRtAMga; 2/2/75 157.sUtrakRtAMga; 2/2/7, 23,71 158.paMcasaMgraha; pR.105 gA. 74, bhagavaI za.1 pR. 59 se uddhRta 159.bhagavaI; 1/35 160. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/71 161.paNNavaNA, pada; 22 162. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/71 163.tattvArtha sUtra bhASya; pR. 6/6 164.vahI; 6/6 165.tattvArtha sUtra; 6/7 166.bhagavaI bhASya; 5/6/128-132 167.vahI; 3/140 168.bhagavaI; 3/3/140-142 maMDia puttA ! puvviM kiriyA, pacchAvedaNA No puvviM vedanA, pacchA kiriyaa| 169.vahI; asthi NaM bhaMte ! samaNANaM nigaMthANaM kiriyA kajjai ? haMtA atthiA kahaNNaM bhaMte ! samaNANaM niggaMthANaM kiriyA kajjai ? maMDiyAputtA ! payAya paccayA joga nimittaM c| 170. ThANaM; 4/92-95 171. tattvArthasUtra; 8/1 172.paJcasaMgraha (digambara) caturtha adhikAra zataka' gA;77 pR.105 118 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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173.bhagavatI bhASya; 141-142 174.vahI, 1/145 175.vahI; 1/143-146 176.sthAnAMga vRtti, patra; 39 177.tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 178.tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi; 6/6 179.tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi; 6/6 pR.12 179.(a) tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddha, 6/6 180.tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 apUrvAdhikaraNotpAdanAtprAtyayikI kriyaa| 181.sthAnAMga; 2/60 kI TIkA sAmantovaNivAiyA ceva tti samantAt - sarvata upanipAto - janamIlakastasmin bhavA saamntopnipaatikii| 182.rAjavArtika; 6/5 pR. 510 183.zlokavArtika; 6/5 pR.445 184.tattvArthasiddhi, sU; 6 pR. 12 185.sarvArthasiddhi, sU; 6 pR.322 186.sthAnAMga vRtti, patra; 39 187. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 188.sthAnAMga vRtti, patra; 39 189.tattvArtha vArtika; 6/5 sva hasta gRhItenaivAjIvena jIvaM mArayati sA ajiivsvaahstikii| 190. tattvArtha vArtika; 6/5 191.zloka vArtika; 6/5 192.sthAnAMga; 2/60 rAjAdi samAdezAdyadudakasya yantrAdibhirnisarjanaM sA jIva nisarjanaM sA jIvanaisRSTikI tti athavA gurbAdau jIvaM-ziSyaM putraM vA nisRjato dadata: ekaa| 193.tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa 119

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194.sthAnAMga vRtti, patra; 39 195.vahI; 2/60 TIkA jIvamajIvaM vA vidArayati sphoTayatIti, athavA jIvamajIvaM vA''mAna bhASeSu vikrINati sati dvaibhASiko vicArayati pariyacchAveiti bhaNitaM hoti, athavA jIvaM puruSaM vitArayati pratArayati vaJcayatItyartha asadguNairetAdRzaH tAdRstvamiti,purUSAdivipratAraNa buddhyaiva bhaNatyetAdRzametaditi yatsA jIva veyAraNiA'jIva veyAraNiyA vaa| 196.vahI, vRtti, patra 39 __ AjJApanasya - AdezanasyeyAjJApanameva vetyAjJApanI saivAjJApanikA lajjaH Adezanameva veti, AnAyanaM vA aanaaynii| 197. tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 pR. 510 198.sthAnAMga vRtti; patra 40 199.tattvArthavArtika; 6/5 200.sthAnAMga vRtti; patra; 39 201. tattvArthavArtika; (ka) zAThyAlasyAbhyAM pravacanopadiSTavidhi karttavyatAnAdAraH (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 6/6 bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA 202.sthAnAMga; 2/60, rAgo mAyAlobha lkssnnH| 203. vahI, dveSa krodhamAna lkssn:iti| 204. sthAnAMga sUtra; 187 kI TIkA vIryAntarAya kSayopazamAvirbhUta vIryeNAtmanA prayujyate-vyApAryata iti prayogo-manovAkkAya lakSaNastasya kriyA-karaNavyApRtiriti prayoga kriyA, athavA prayogaiH mana prabhRtibhiH kriyate vadhyata iti prayoga kriyaa| 205. vahI; 2 /187 kI TIkA samudANaM tti prayoga kriyayaikarUpatayA gRhItAnAM karmavargaNAnAM samitiH samyak prakRtti baMdhAdi bhedena deza sarvopaghAtirUpatayA ca AdAnaM svIkaraNaM samudAna nipAtapAttadeva kriyA-kammeti samudAna kriyeti| 120 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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206. vahI; 2 / 187 kI TIkA nAstyantaraM - vyavadhAnaM yasyAH sA'nantarA sA cAsau samudAna kriyA ceti vigrahaH, prathamasamayavartinItyarthaH dvitIyAdI samayavartinI tu parampara samudAna kriyati, prathamAprathamasamayApekSayA tu tadubhayAsamudAna kriyati / 207. bhagavaI; 1,1/444 TIkA pR. 193 "iriyAvahiyaM' ti IrSyA - gamanaM tadviSayaH panthA:- mArga IryApathastatra bhavA airyApathikI, kevala kAyayoga pratyayaH karmabaMdha ityartha: / 208. tattvArthasUtra, bhASya vRtti; 6/5 (kha) oghaniryukti, 747 209. oghaniyukti ; pR. 499 210. bhagavatI bhASya; 7 / 125 211. vahI; 7/126 jassa NaM koha-mANa-mAyA-lobhA vocchiNNA bhavaMti, tassa NaM iriyAvahiyA kiriyA kajjai, jassa NaM koha- mANa- mAyA lobhA avocchiNNA bhavati, tassa Na saMparAiyA kiriyA kajjai / 212. bhagavatI joDa; 121 /8 213. pAtaMjala yoga darzana; 2/4 214. (ka) bhagavatI vRtti; 6/292 (kha) vahI ; 1 / 444 (ga) vahI; 3 / 144 15. bhagavaI; 3/148 216. dIrghanikAya pR.191 17. bhagavaI bhASya; 7/74-75 218. bhagavatI vRtti; 7/75 udaya prAptaM karma vedanA dharma dharmmiNorabheda vivakSaNAt / 219. bhagavatI vRtti; 7/75, vedita rasaM karma no karma / 220. bhagavatI; 3/148 221. vahI; 7/125-126 22. bhagavatI; 10/13-14 223. bhagavatI; 18/156-160 224. uttarAdhyayana; 26/72 kriyA ke prakAra aura usakA AcArazAstrIya svarUpa - 121

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225. jhINI carcA DhAla; 6/12-13 226. bhagavaI; 5/4/110 227. pAzcAtya darzana kA aitihAsika vivecana, pR. 19 228. cUrNi; pR. 352 229. bhagavatI bhASya; 1/444-445, 3/148, 6/29,7/4-5, 20-21, 125-126, 8/ 302-314, 10/11-14, 18/159-160 230. tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi TIkA, 6/4/321 samparAyaH saMsAra: tatprayojanaM karma saampraayikm| 231.bhagavatI bhASya; 7/20-21 232. bhagavatI vRtti; khaNDa-2 6/29, pR. 243 233. sthAnAMga vRtti; patra 37 234. bhagavatI; 16/1 235. prajJApanA; 22 236. AdipurANa; 48/50-68 237. pAtaJjala yoga darzana; 3/45 237. (a) jaina dharma aura tAMtrika pR. 5 237. (ba) jaina dharma aura tAMtrika sAdhanA 237. (sa) ThANaM; 4/364, Ti.pR. 515 238. ThANAMga; 2/60 TIkA 239. gItA; 18/18 240. vahI; 14/25 241. vahI; 5/7 242. Avazyaka sUtra, caturtha Avazyaka 243. sUtrakRtAMga, 2/2/39 244. samavAyAMga - 1/18 122 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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tRtIya adhyAya kriyA aura karma-siddhAMta kriyA kI mUla jar3a adhyavasAya hai| anantara jar3eM lezyA, bhAva aura saMvega haiN| adhyavasAya ko samajhane ke lie AtmA aura usake paripArzva meM kriyAzIla karmazarIra ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| karma zarIra meM bhI kaSAya ke jagat ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| prastuta adhyAya meM adhyavasAya ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue lezyA aura karma ke sAtha kriyA ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kriyA aura adhyavasAya adhyavasAya cetanA kI sUkSma pariNati kA nAma hai| yaha prANI mAtra meM pAyA jAtA hai| sUkSma rUpa meM jitane karma-saMskAra, vRttiyAM, vAsanAeM, Avega aura Aveza haiM, ve sabhI sUkSma zarIra meM adhyavasAya ke rUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM ise acetana mana kahA jA sakatA hai| __ AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra jIva kA zuddha svarUpa caitanya hai| usake cAroM ora kaSAya ke valaya ke rUpa meM kArmaNa zarIra hai| caitanya ke asaMkhya spaMdana kaSAya valaya ko bheda kara bAhara Ate haiN| unakA eka svataMtra taMtra bana jAtA hai, vahI adhyavasAya taMtra kahalAtA hai| antaH karaNa kI pravRtti, halacala, vicAroM kI lahareM bhAva haiN|' ise abhiprAya bhI kahate haiN| samayasAra meM buddhi, adhyavasAya, vyavasAya, mati, vijJAna, citta, bhAva aura pariNAma ko ekArthaka mAnA hai| citta ke sUkSma saMskAroM kI bAra-bAra sphurita hone vAlI vicAra taraMgoM ko bhI adhyavasAya kahate haiN| bhAvanA bhI adhyavasAya hai| mana sabhI prANiyoM meM nahIM hotA kintu adhyavasAya prANI mAtra meM hotA hai| sUkSma jIvoM meM jJAna kA sAdhana adhyavasAya hai| adhyavasAya asaMkhya haiN| 'asaMkhejjA ajjhavasANaThANA' loka ke jitane pradeza haiM, utane hI adhyavasAya haiN| ve nirantara kriyAzIla haiN| kriyA aura karma-siddhAMta 123

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adhyavasAya zuddha aura azuddha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| rAga -dveSa se saMvalita adhyavasAya azuddha haiM, rAga-dveSa se rahita zuddha haiN| adhyavasAyoM kI zuddhatA - azuddhatA kA mUla hetu kaSAyoM kI tIvratA aura maMdatA hai| adhyavasAya jaba taijasa zarIra ke stara para pahuMcate haiM taba lezyA taMtra ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hote haiM vahI Age audArika zarIra meM bhAva, vicAra aura vyavahAra meM abhivyakta hotA hai| lezyA kA sambandha sUkSma aura sthUla donoM zarIroM se hai| adhocitrita yaMtra meM isakA spaSTa digdarzana hai hAcika kriyA bhAva ta zyA mAnA sAyika kri (AtmA) masika kriyA antaH "yAsa zarI payAM takhAvI bAva kI taMtra / yo isa prakAra hamArI cetanA tIna staroM para kArya karatI hai(1) adhyavasAya kA stara- kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha kriyAzIla caitanya rshmiyaaN| (2) lezyA kA stara - taijasa zarIra ke stara para kriyAzIla caitanya rshmiyaaN| (3) bhAva kA stara- sthUla zarIra ke stara para kriyAzIla caitanya rshmiyaaN| adhyavasAya eka sUkSma taraMga hai| taraMga saghana hokara bhAva banatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jIva jaba apane prayatna dvArA audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSayopazamika Adi vividha rUpoM meM apanI abhivyakti detA hai, vaha abhivyakti bhAva kahalAtI hai| bhAvoM kI janaka lezyA hai| lezyA sUkSma zarIra aura sthUla zarIra ke saMbaMdha kA mAdhyama hai| isakA kArya adhyavasAya rUpI sUkSma spaMdanoM ko bhAva rUpa meM parivartita kara kriyAtaMtra taka pahuMcAnA hai| isa prakAra adhyavasAya aura lezyA meM ghaniSTha sambandha hai| 124 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kriyA aura lezyA jaina ciMtakoM ne vRtti, pravRtti aura pariNAma para gaharA ciMtana kiyA haiN| isa ciMtana kA pariNAma - lezyA kA siddhAMta hai| jaina zAstroM meM lezyA kI carcA atyanta prAcIna hai| Aja ke mAnasa zAstriyoM ke liye bhI mananIya hai| sarvAdhika prAcIna Agama AcArAMga ke yaha prathama zruta skandha meM prayukta abahilesse' zabda lezyA kI prAcInatA kA sAkSya hai| abahilesse kA artha haiM- mana saMyama se bAhara na nikleN| sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta 'suvisuddhalesse' aura aupapAtika meM apaDilessa' zabda bhI lezyA siddhAMta kI prAcInatA ke sAkSya haiN| lezyA kI carcA jaina sAhitya ke kisI eka graMtha yA kRti meM upalabdha nahIM hotii| aneka graMthoM meM prApta hai| uttarAdhyayana meM gyAraha tathA bhagavatI aura prajJApanA meM pandraha dvAroM ke mAdhyama se lezyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ve dvAra haiM 1. pariNAma 6. aprazasta 11. pradeza 2. varNa 7. saMkliSTa 12. vargaNA 3. rasa 8. uSNa 13. avagAhanA 4. gaMdha 9. gati 14. sthAna 5. zuddha 10. parimANa 15. alpa bahutva uttarAdhyayana ke 11 dvAroM meM lezyA kI carcA hai kintu una dvAroM meM nAma, lakSaNa, sthiti, Ayu ye cAra alaga haiN| ' digambara paramparA meM akalaMka ne tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM nAma bheda se solaha anuyogoM ke mAdhyama se lezyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA haiN| ve anuyoga haiM 1. nirdeza 5. karma 9. saMkhyA 13. kAla 2. varNa 6. lakSaNa 10. sAdhanA 14. antara 3. pariNAma 7. gati 11. kSetra 15. bhAva 4. saMkrama 8. svAmitva 12. sparzana 16. alpa bahutva gommaTasAra meM bhI isa prakAra kA vivecana dekhane ko milatA hai kintu unameM kaI dvAra aise haiM, jinakA ullekha pUrva graMthoM meM nahIM hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se lezyA siddhAMta kA I.pU. pAMcavIM zatAbdI se I. pU. dasavIM zatAbdI taka kramika vikAsa huA hai| 11-12 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda yaha vikAsa-krama prAyaH kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 125

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avaruddha sA ho gyaa| Adhunika yuga meM manovijJAna, raMga-vijJAna, raMga-cikitsA Adi jJAna kI naI vidhAoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha jaina darzana kA lezyA siddhAMta AcArya mahAprajJa jaise manISiyoM ke dvArA punaH prakAza meM A rahA hai| lezyA eka paudgalika paryAvaraNa hai| jIva ko prabhAvita karane vAle aneka pudgala samUha haiM, unameM eka samUha kA nAma hai- leshyaa| vibhinna granthoM meM vibhinna paribhASAeM upalabdha haiN| paMcasaMgraha dhavalA : gommaTasAra Adi meM ise pAribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva jisake dvArA apane ko puNya - pApa se lipta karatA hai, vaha lezyA hai| tattvArtha vArtika 10 aura paMcAstikAya 11 ke anusAra kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita yogoM kI pravRtti lezyA hai| sthAnAMga kI abhayadevakRta vRtti 12 dhyAnazataka 13 Adi graMthoM ke anusAra, jisake dvArA prANI karma se saMzliSTa hotA hai, usakA nAma lezyA hai| mUlArAdhanA meM zivArya ke zabdoM meM- lezyA chAyA pudgaloM se prabhAvita hone vAle jIva pariNAma haiN|14 uttarAdhyayana kI vRhatvRtti meM lezyA kA artha ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA, chAyA kiyA hai| 15 lezyA kI uparyukta paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para mukhya rUpa se tIna tathya sAmane Ate haiM(1) yoga pariNAma lezyA - uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM yaha mata ullikhita __ hai| 16 (2) karma vargaNA niSpanna lezyA - yaha dhAraNA vAdivetAla sUri kI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAra zAMtisUri bhI isake pakSadhara haiN| (3) karma nisyanda lezyA - yaha mata haribhadra kA hai| 17 yoga pariNAma lezyA AcArya haribhadra ne lezyA aura yoga meM anvaya-vyatireka sambandha mAnA hai| donoM meM sAhacarya sambandha hone para bhI lezyA yoga-vargaNA ke antargata nahIM haiM kyoMki inameM svarUpagata bhinnatA hai| kAyayoga kA sambandha zarIra kI kriyA se hai, vacanayoga kA vANI se, manoyoga kA cintana se, jabaki lezyA kA sambandha bhAvadhArA se hai| cintana aura bhAvadhArA bhinna hai| karma zarIra kA sthUla pariNamana mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti 126 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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hai tathA usakA sUkSma pariNamana adhyavasAya hai| karma ke udaya aura vilaya se yogoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA haiM, vaise hI lezyA meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| lezyA aura yoga kA avinAbhAvI sambandha mAnane para do vikalpa sAmane Ate haiM- kyA lezyA ko yoga vargaNA ke pudgala mAnA jAye yA yoga nimitta karma rUpa ? yadi pudgala karma rUpa hai to ghAtI karma hai yA aghAtI karma ? lezyA ghAtI karma nahIM ho sktii| kAraNa, ghAtI karma naSTa hone para bhI lezyA prANI meM pAI jAtI haiN| yadi aghAtI karma mAneM to aghAtI karmoM kI vidyamAnatA meM lezyA kA honA anivArya nahIM haiN| udAharaNArtha-caudahaveM guNasthAna meM lezyA nahIM hotI hai jabaki aghAtI karma haiM isaliye yoga vargaNA ke antargata hI lezyA ko mAnanA ucita hai| isa tathya kI puSTi kA AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki kevalI zuklalezyA meM rahakara hI avaziSTa antarmuhUrta meM yoga kA nirodha karate haiN| yoga-nirodha ke bAda hI ayogItva aura alezyatva guNa prakaTa hote haiN| isake alAvA lezyA meM kaSAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| yoga meM kaSAya bar3hAne kA sAmarthya hai| lezyA aura yoga donoM jIvodaya niSpanna pariNAma haiN| lezyA mohakarma kA udaya, kSaya yA kSayopazama janita hai vahAM yoga nAmakarma kA udaya aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama janita hai|18 lezyA kA antima caraNa bAhya jagat va sthUla zarIra para yoga rUpa meM hotA hai| bAhara se bhItara kI yAtrA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yoga kI antima pariNati karma rUpa meM hotI hai| isakA madhyavartI pariNAma lezyA banatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra- yaha donoM hI madhyavartI kar3I hai| __ yoga pravRtti rUpa hai| usake mukhya ghaTaka tattva avirati aura kaSAya haiN| kaSAya se lekara kriyAtaMtra taka kI yAtrA meM lezyA eka kar3I hai| kriyAtaMtra ke mukhya ghaTaka haiM- mana, vacana, kaayaa| unakI pravRtti se karma-baMdhana hotA hai| prakRti, pradezabaMdha meM yoga hetubhUta haiM to sthiti aura anubhAga meM nimitta kaSAya haiN| kintu kaSAya, sthiti aura anubhAga kI taratamatA kA nirdhAraNa lezyA se hotA hai| lezyA kI koI svataMtra vargaNA nahIM hai ata: vaha yoga vargaNA kI avAntara vargaNA mAnI gaI hai| karma vargaNA niSpanna lezyA kucha AcAryoM ke abhimata se lezyA kA saMbaMdha karma vargaNA se hai| karmamukta AtmA alezI hotA hai| ata: lezyA kA nirmANa karma-vargaNA se hotA hai| lezyA karma rUpa hokara bhI karma se alaga hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 127

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karmanisyanda lezyA __lezyA karma kA nirjhara rUpa hai| jainAcAryoM ne lezyA ko karma nisyanda rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| nirjhara nirantara gatizIla hotA hai| usakA srota kabhI sUkhatA nhiiN| naye-naye rUpoM meM pravAhita hotA rahatA hai| vaise hI lezyA kA pravAha bhI jIva meM asaMkhya rUpoM meM hotA hai| nisyanda kA tAtparya bahate hue karma-pravAha se hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM karma kI sattA hai kintu lezyA kA abhAva hai| prajJApanAvRtti meM isa mata kI suvyavasthita samAlocanA milatI hai| lezyA rUpa nirjhara ke prakaTIkaraNa kI praNAliyAM sthUla zarIra meM anta: srAvI granthiyoM ke rUpa meM hai| inake srAva rakta ke sAtha saMcaraNa karate hue nAr3I taMtra taka pahuMcate haiN| antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM ke srAva nAr3ItaMtra aura mastiSka ke sahayoga se hamAre cintana, vANI, AcAra, vyavahAra ko saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita karate haiN| yoga ke do prakAra haiM- dravya yoga, bhaavyog| dravya yoga paudgalika hai| bhAva yoga Atma-pariNati hai| yoga kI taraha lezyA bhI dravya-bhAva rUpa hai| isa dRSTi se yoga evaM lezyA meM samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| AcArya malayagiri ne lezyA ko yoga nimittaja kahA hai| yaha kathana dravya yoga, dravya lezyA ke AdhAra para hai, kyoMki dravya lezyA kI vargaNA kA sambandha taijasa zarIra kI vargaNA se hai| kintu bhAva lezyA aura yoga kA sambandha nahIM bntaa| lezyA aura abhijAtiyoM kI mImAMsA lezyA se milatI-julatI mAnyatAoM kA varNana prAcIna zramaNa-paramparA meM abhijAti nAma se hai| tripiTakoM meM bhI abhijAti sambandhI prakaraNa milate haiN| unameM adhika prAmANika hai- sAmaJjaphala sutt| abhijAtiyoM kA sambandha mUlataH AjIvakoM se rahA hai| DaoN. harmana jekobI ke anusAra-jainoM ke lezyA siddhAMta aura gozAlaka dvArA pratipAdita cha: prakAra ke manuSya ke vicAroM meM kAphI samAnatA hai| DaoN. lyumena tathA harmana jekobI bhI isase sahamata haiM kintu aMguttara nikAya se spaSTa hai ki prastuta vibhAjana gozAlaka dvArA nahIM apitu pUraNakAzyapa ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA thaa|20 dIghanikAya meM chaha tIrthakaroM kA nAmollekha hai| unameM pUraNakAzyapa eka hai| 21 jinhoMne raMgoM ke AdhAra para cha: abhijAtiyAM nizcita kI thii| manuSyoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa janma aura karma ke AdhAra para kiyA gyaa| usakA uddezya-nimna jAti meM samutpanna vyakti 128 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhI zukladharma kara sakatA hai aura uccakula meM utpanna vyakti bhI kRSNa karma meM saMlagna raha sakatA hai, isa tathya ko ujAgara karanA thaa| dharma aura nirvANa kA jAti se anubaMdha nahIM hai| yahAM jJAtavya yaha hai ki abhijAti kI avadhAraNA aura lezyA meM kucha antara hai| kA vyakti se anubaMdha hai / buddha janmanA abhijAti meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the| unhoMneM karmaNA abhijAta ko mahattva diyaa| karma (kriyA) hI vyaktitva kI sahI vyAkhyA hai| yadyapi abhijAtiyoM ke vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra varNa rahA aura lezyA ke vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra bhI varNa rhaa| isa dRSTi se samAnatA hote hue bhI abhijAtiyoM kI apekSA lezyA kA siddhAMta mahAbhArata kI vicAradhArA ke adhika nikaTa hai| mahAbhArata kA uddharaNa hai ki - sanatkumAra dAnavendra vRtrAsura se kahA - prANiyoM ke chaha varNa haiM - 1 kRSNa 2 dhUmra 3 nIla 4 rakta 5 hara 6 zukla / adhogati kRSNa varNa ke hote haiN| naraka se nikalane vAle jIvoM kA varNa dhUmra hotA hai| mAnava jAti kA raMga nIlA hai| devoM kA raMga rakta hai| viziSTa devoM kA raMga hAridra (pIlA) hotA hai| mahAna sAdhakoM kA varNa zukla hotA hai| 22 pAtaJjala yoga-darzana meM karma kI dRSTi se cAra jAtiyAM pratipAdita haiM- 1 kRSNa 2 zukla - kRSNa 3 zukla 4 azukla - akRSNa / ye kramaza: azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha, zuddha haiN| tIna jAtiyAM sabhI meM hotI haiN| cauthI azukla - akRSNa yogI meM pAI jAtI hai|23 uparyukta sabhI samAnatAoM ke rahate hue bhI lezyA siddhAMta kI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| prAcIna prAmANika srotoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA aucitya pUrNa hogA ki yaha jaina darzana kA apanA maulika saMpratyaya hai| zyA ke prakAra lezyA ke do prakAra haiM- dravya lezyA aura bhAvalezyA / dravya lezyA zarIra kA raMga aura ANavika AbhA hai| yaha paudgalika hotI hai| bhAva lezyA Atmika pariNAma hai| ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha hai| ( 1 ) dravya lezyA - yaha sUkSma bhautika tattvoM se nirmita saMracanA hai hamAre manobhAvoM evaM tajjati karmoM kA sApekSa rUpa meM kAraNa athavA kArya yahI banatI hai| jaise- pitta kI adhikatA se svabhAva krodhI bana jAtA hai aura phira krodha ke kAraNa pitta kI vRddhi hotI hai| usI prakAra sUkSma bhautika saMracanAeM hamAre manobhAvoM kA nirmANa karatI haiM aura phira una manobhAvoM se sUkSma bhautika saMracanA meM meM abhivRddhi hotI hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 129

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jaghanya madhyama tIvratara (2) bhAva lezyA- yaha AtmA kA sUkSma spandana hai jise adhyavasAya yA antakaraNa kI vRtti ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM bhAva lezyA AtmA kA pariNAma hai| bhAva lezyA eka prakAra ke manobhAva hai| manobhAva kI saMracanA meM tIna tattvoM kA yoga hotA haiM- zarIra, vIryalabdhi aura kaSAya kA udayavilaya, jo saMkleza aura yoga para AdhArita hai| saMkleza ke tIna rUpa haiM utkRSTa tIvra tIvratama | manda | mandatara ina AdhAroM para bhAva lezyA ke aneka prakAra bana jAte hai| bhAva se vicAra prabhAvita hote haiN| vicAra aura pudgala dravya meM gaharA sambandha hai| pratyeka prANI ke irda-girda pudgaloM kA valaya hai| unameM varNa kI pramukhatA hai| varNa kA hamAre jIvana aura cintana para prabhAva par3atA hai| isa tathya ko prAcIna evaM arvAcIna sabhI tattvavidoM ne mAnA hai| manobhAvoM ko samajhane ke liye jaina paramparA meM prasiddha sundara rUpaka ko svIkAra kiyA hai| citra aura spaSTIkaraNa nimnAnusAra hai mandatama tejo lezI lilezI nIlale kRSNa lezyA zukla lezI ___ 130 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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"The most interesting thing the picture depicts is six men standing by a mango tree. Their hearts of various kinds, corresponding to their respect for life. The black hearted man tries to fall the tree. The indigo, grey and red hearted are respectively contect with big bought, small branches and ting springs. The pink-hearted man merely plucks a single mango, but the man with the white heart or perfection waits in patience for the fruit to drop." isa pratIkAtmaka yA citrAtmaka zailI ke mAdhyama se yaha darzAyA gayA hai kicintana ke chaha stara hai| uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM ke anusAra prathama vyakti kRSNa lezI hai kyoMki usameM krUratA aura hiMsA ke bhAva tIvra haiN| dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA, pAMcavAM, chaTThA vyakti kramazaH nIlalezI, kApota lezI, tejo lezI, padmalezI aura zukla lezI hai| inameM kramaza: krUratA aura hiMsA ke bhAva manda, mandatara hai / phalata: bhUkha miTAne ke bAre meM inake vibhinna cintana isa bAta ko sUcita karate haiM ki lezyA parivartana ke sAtha vicAra athavA manobhAva kaise parivartita hote hai isakA sahaja anumAna isa citra se kiyA jA sakatA haiN| 1. jaghanya 2. madhyama 3. utkRSTa jaghanya jaghanya jaghanya -- madhyama madhyama madhyama utkRSTa utkRSTa utkRSTa parivartanazIla uparyukta mAnasika dazAoM kA mana, vacana, kArya se guNana karane para vikalpoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie saMkleza ke no prakAroM- jaise 9 x3 = 27, 27 x 3 81, 81 x 3 = 243 isa prakAra mAnasika pariNAmoM kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para pratyeka lezyA ke aneka pariNamana haiN| raMgavijJAna aura lezyA raMgoM ke AdhAra para manuSya kI jAti, guNa, svabhAva, ruci, Adarza Adi kI vyAkhyA karane kI paramparA prAcIna hai| tAMtrikoM, mAMtrikoM, bhautikavAdiyoM, zarIra - zAstriyoM, manovaijJAnikoM Adi ke adhyayana se yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki raMga cetanA ke sabhI staroM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne raMgoM kA mAnavIya prakRti ke sAtha saMbaMdha spaSTa karate hue batAyA hai ki- lAla, gulAbI, bAdAmI, nAraMgI raMgoM se mAnava kI prakRti meM USmA bar3hatI hai| nIlA, AsamAnI zItalatA detA hai| harA, samazItoSNa hai| sapheda raMga se kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 131

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prakRti saMtulita rahatI hai| 24kha citta aura mana ke lekhaka AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAraasaMyama, hiMsA aura krUratA ko utpanna karatA hai| 1. kRSNa varNa 2. nIlA varNa 132 3. kApota varNa manuSya meM vakratA, kuTilatA aura dRSTikoNa kA viparyAsa utpanna karatA hai| 4. rakta varNa 5. pIta varNa 6. zveta varNa IrSyA, asahiSNutA, rasalolupatA aura viSayoM meM Asakti kA bhAva utpanna karatA hai| raMga baiMganI camakIlA jAmunI camakIlA nIlA RjutA, vinamratA, dharma-prema aura pavitra bhAvoM kA vikAsa karatA hai| amerikana sosAiTI phaoNra phoTobAyolojI ke pUrva adhyakSa kenDrIka sI-smitha bhI likhate haiM ki- mastiSka meM praviSTa prakAza se jaivika prakriyA calatI hai jo mAnasika vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatI hai| prakAza kI saghanatA aura taraMga dairghyatA sRjanAtmaka aura bhAva dazAoM ke parivartana meM nimitta ho sakatI hai camakIlA harA camakIlA pIlA camakIlA nAraMgI camakIlA lAla manuSya meM zAMti, krodha- mAna-mAyA aura lobha kI alpatA va indriya-vijaya kA bhAva utpanna karatA hai| raMga kI sahI pahacAna, sahI pariNAma ke liye manovaijJAnikoM ne adhyayana, parIkSaNa evaM prayoga karake niSkarSa rUpa meM raMgoM se jur3I vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - manuSya meM gaharI zAMti aura jitendriyatA kA bhAva utpanna karatA hai| 25 vizeSatA AdhyAtmikatA anta:preraNA dhArmika ruci sAmaJjasya, sahAnubhUti bauddhikatA UrjA jIvataMtA 26 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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citta aura mana ke lekhaka AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra1. lAla-snAyu maMDala meM sphurti| 2. nIlA- snAyavika durbalatA, dhAtukSaya evaM svapnadoSa meM laabh| ThaMDA, zAntidAyaka, saMkocaka, kITanAzaka, dimAgI TaoNnika, pitta naashk| 3. pIlA- mastiSkIya zakti kA vikAsa, kabja, plIhA, yakRta ke rogoM kA upshmn| harA- jJAna-taMtuoM aura snAyu-maMDala sazakta banate haiN| santulaka, gaMdagI niSkAsaka, rakta zodhaka, kabja nAzaka, vAta nAzaka, alsara se raaht| nAraMgI- damA aura vAtajanya vyAdhiyoM kI cikitsA / garma, uttejaka, vistAraka, zaktidAyaka, pAcaka va kphnaashk|26(k) raMga cetanA ke sabhI staroM para praveza kara bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika prabhAva dikhAtA hai isaliye osale (Ouseley) ne pratyeka raMga ke sAta pahalu mAne haiM- 1. zakti 2. cetanA 3. cikitsA 4. prakAza 5. ApUrti 6. preraNA 7. puurnntaa| raMgoM ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa kI raMga-manovijJAna ke sAtha tulanA kareM to lezyA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa svayaM sArthaka ho jAtA hai| raMga ke mAdhyama se vicAroM, AdarzoM, saMvegoM. kriyAoM. aura indriya janita uttejanAoM kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isa prakAra raMga ke adhyetAoM ne raMgoM kA aneka dRSTiyoM se adhyayana kiyA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa banane vAle vyaktitva ke guNa-doSoM kI mImAMsA kI hai| lezyA aura taraMga-dairghya ___ raMga-cikitsA (kalara therepI) kA AvirbhAva raMgoM kA zArIrika, mAnasika aura bhAvAtmaka stara para hone vAle prabhAvoM ke AdhAra para huA hai| raMga ke dvArA mAnava kI bhAvAtmaka aura zArIrika cikitsA meM saphalatA prApta huI hai| pAzcAtya dezoM meM isa viSaya meM kAphI zodha kI gaI hai jisake pariNAma kAphI AzAjanaka rahe haiN|27 Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgeM bahuta hI sUkSma hai jo sAmAnyataH dRzya nahIM hai| tripArzva ke mAdhyama se unake sAta varNa dekhe gaye haiM- baiMganI, AsamAnI, nIlA, harA, pIlA, nAraMgI aura laal| spekTrama se dikhAI dete sAtoM raMgoM kI apanI taraMga dIrghatA hai| raMga prakAza se bhinna nahIM haiN| prakAza taraMga rUpa meM hotA hai aura prakAza kA raMga usake taraMga dairdhya para AdhArita hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 133

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taraMga dairdhya aura kaMpana kI AvRtti viparIta pramANa se sambandhita hai arthAt taraMga dairghya ke bar3hane ke sAtha kampana kI AvRtti kama hotI hai| taraMga dairdhya ke ghaTane para AvRtti bar3hatI hai| lAla raMga kI taraMga dairdhya sabase adhika aura baiMganI raMga kI taraMga dairdhya sabase kama hai| baiMganI raMga ke bAhara kI vikiraNoM ko parAbaiMganI aura lAla raMga ke bAhara kI vikiraNoM ko avarakta kahA jAtA hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM varNa kI pradhAnatA hai kintu jitanI vikiraNeM hai, unake lakSaNa, AvRtti aura taraMga dairdhya meM antara hai| yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki chaha lezyAoM ke varNa aura dRzyamAna varNa-paTa ke raMgoM meM samAnatA hai| vijJAna sammata raMgoM aura lezyA ke raMgoM kA saMbaMdha nimnAnusAra samajhA jA sakatA hai-27 (ka) varNapaTa lezyA parAbaiMganI se baiMganI taka kRSNa yA nIla nIla lezyA AkAzIya raMga kApota lezyA pIlA tejolezyA lAla padma lezyA avarakta zukla lezyA prAraMbhika tIna prakAra ke raMgoM ke vikiraNa laghu taraMga vAle aura punaH punaH AvRtti vAle hote hai| vaise hI kRSNa, nIla, kApota lezyAeM tIvra karma baMdhana meM sahayogI banatI haiN| zeSa raMgoM kI taraMgeM laMbI aura kama AvRtti vAlI hotI haiN| usI prakAra tejo, padma aura zukla lezyA tIvra karma baMdhana meM kAraNa nahIM bntii| lezyAoM ke sAtha vikiraNoM kI tulanA sthUla rUpa se hI saMbhava hai| jahAM lezyA ke lakSaNoM meM varNa kI pramukhatA hai vahAM vikiraNoM meM AvRtti aura taraMga kI lambAI mukhya hai| lezyA siddhAMta meM raMgoM ke taraMga dairdhya aura AvRtti sambandhI vaijJAnika siddhAMta kI jhalaka hai| kaSAyoM ke tIvra-maMda prakampanoM ke AdhAra para lezyA ke dvArA nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM karma baMdhana hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne apanI pustaka AbhAmaNDala meM kahA - kRSNa lezyA meM AvRtti jyAdA, taraMga dairdhya kama hotA hai| nIla lezyA meM taraMga kI lambAI bar3ha jAtI hai, AvRtti kama kApota meM taraMga dairdhya hai, AvRtti kama / tejolezyA meM Ate hI parivartana zurU ho ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 134

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jAtA hai| padma aura zukla meM pahuMcate hI AvRtti kama ho jAtI hai| kevala taraMga dairdhya raha jAtA hai| isameM vyaktitva kA pUrA rUpAntaraNa ghaTita ho jAtA hai| 28 vyaktitva aura lezyA zyAeM manobhAvoM kA vargIkaraNa mAtra nahIM, balki caritra ke AdhAra para kiye gaye vyaktitva ke prakAra haiN| manobhAva aura saMkalpa AMtarika tathya mAtra nahIM, ve kriyA ke rUpa bAhya abhivyakti cAhate haiM ki kauna vyakti kaisA hai ? isakI vyAkhyA lezyA ke mAdhyama se kI jA sakatI hai| dravya lezyA kA pratibimba hai - bAhya vyaktitva aura bhAva lezyA kA pratibimba hai- Antarika vyktitv| citta kI paryAyeM deza, kAla paristhiti ke sAtha pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI haiN| paryAyoM ke isa vaividhya yA citta kI vividha dazAoM kA sahI aMkana karane ke liye jaina darzana ne lezyA kA siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA hai| vyaktitva saMracanA meM vaMzAnukrama, pariveza, zarIra racanA, nAr3I saMsthAna, zarIrarasAyana Adi kaI kArakoM kA yogadAna hote hue bhI upAdAna ke rUpa meM lezyA kI ahaM bhUmikA rahatI hai| azubha lezyA se zubha lezyA kI ora gati hI acche vyaktitva kI pahacAna haiN| lezyA aura AbhAmaNDala lezyA yA AbhAmaNDala vyakti kI manodazA, bhAvAtmaka jagat kA pratinidhi tattva hai| yaha cetanA aura zarIra donoM kI saha pariNati kA pariNAma hai| jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga sanAtana hai| AbhAmaNDala kA sambandha taijas zarIra se hai| AbhAmaMDala taijas zarIra se niSpanna hotA hai| prANazakti kA mUla srota hai - taijas zarIra / jainAgamoM meM AbhAmaMDala zabda kA prayoga upalabdha nahIM hai kintu lezyA zabda kA naMdIcUrNi meM jisa artha meM prayukta huA hai, vaha vijJAna sammata AbhAmaNDala hai| isa Agama meM lezyA zabda kI vyutpatti ke prasaMga meM 'rassI' zabda kA ullekha hai| 29 rassI yAnI rshmi| lezyA kA eka artha hai- vidyuta vikiraNa / isa vikiraNa kA mUla srota taijasa zarIra hai aura taijas zarIra kA preraka hai- atisUkSma kArmaNazarIra / karma saMskAroM ke anurUpa taijas zarIra ke vikiraNa hote haiM, prANadhArA kA vikiraNa hotA hai, vahI AbhAmaMDala kA nirmANa karatA hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 135

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AbhAmaMDala jar3a aura cetana sabhI padArthoM kA hotA hai| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki padArtha kA AbhAmaMDala sthira aura niSkriya hotA hai, jaba ki prANI kA zubha-azubha bhAvoM ke anurUpa rUpAntarita hotA rahatA hai| AbhAmaMDala raMgAtmaka hai| AbhAmaMDala meM kRSNa yA zveta Adi jisa raMga kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vyakti kA dRSTikoNa, svabhAva, vyavahAra usI prakAra kA bana jAtA hai| lezyA aura nikSepa naya nikSepa naya ke AdhAra para lezyA ke cAra prakAra kiye jA sakate haiM- nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhaav| dravya lezyA ke punaH do prakAra haiM-karma lezyA aura no-karma lezyA / karmalezyA kA tAtparya hai - sakarmA prANI meM pAI jAne vAlI lezyA aura no-karma lezyA kA artha haiakarmA (nirjIva prANI) se nikalane vAlI razmiyAM | jisa prakAra sajIva prANI ke zarIra nirantara lezyA vikIrNa hotI haiM vaise hI nirjIva padArtha se bhI razmi maMDala nikalatA hai jaisA ki pUrva meM saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| AbhAmaNDala kA saMbaMdha jar3a aura cetana donoM haiN| prAcIna AcAryoM ne no-karma lezyA ke rUpa meM candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, AbharaNa, AcchAdana, darpaNa, kAMgiNI Adi ko parigaNita kiyA hai| 30 yahAM sUrya- - candra Adi kA tAtparya unake vimAnoM se haiM, na ki sUrya- candra devatA se hai| lezyA - nikSepa nAma 136 no-karma lezyA jIva no karma sthApanA dravya bhAva no-akarma lezyA ajIva no-karma bhava siddhika abhavasiddhika dravya - lezyA aura bhAva lezyA kA saMbaMdha Agama sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM dravya lezyA ke anurUpa bhAva pariNati kA, kahIM para dravya lezyA ke viparIta bhAva pariNati kA pratipAdana hai| prazna hai, kise dravya lezyA kaheM aura kise bhAva lezyA ? janma se mRtyu taka eka rUpa meM rahane vAlI dravya lezyA hai| nAraka - devoM meM lezyA kA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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varNana dravya lezyA ke AdhAra para hai| isaliye teraha sAgara kI Ayu vAle kilviSika deva ekAnta zukla lezI haiM, vahIM ekAnta mithyAdRSTi bhI haiN| prajJApanA meM tArAoM ko sthira lezI mAnA hai| manuSya aura tiryaJca meM asthira lezyAeM hai| pRthvIkAya meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota tIna aprazasta lezyAeM haiN| prazna hotA hai- ye dravya lezyA hai yA bhAvalezyA ? kyoMki sphaTika, maNi, hIrA, motI Adi ratnoM meM zveta prabhA hotI hai| yadi inameM bhAva lezyA mAne aura use aprazasta mAne to prazna hotA hai ki pRthvIkAya se nikalakara kitane hI jIva kevalI bana jAte haiN| pRthvIkAya ke usa jIva ne aprazasta bhAva lezyA meM kevalI ke AyuSya kA baMdhana kaise kiyA ? bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara deva meM cAra lezyAeM haiM- kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejo lezyA / kyA kRSNa lezyA meM Ayu pUrNa kara prANI asurAdi meM paidA ho sakatA hai ? yaha cintanIya prazna hai| dravya lezyA, bhAva lezyA kI spaSTa bheda rekhA AgamoM meM nahIM milatI kintu itanA nizcita hai ki lezyA kA zubha-azubha honA Atma-pariNAmoM kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA para nirbhara karatA hai| gati aura lezyA gatiyAM cAra haiM- narakagati, tiryaJcagati, manuSya gati, devgti| anAdi saMsAra yAtrA ke ye cAra par3Ava haiN| prazna hai ki inameM jIva paidA kyoM hotA hai ?, eka hI gati meM punaH puna: utpanna hotA hai yA utkramaNa-apakramaNa bhI saMbhava hai ? kAraNa kI mImAMsA meM mukhya hetu hai-leshyaa| chaha lezyAoM ke sAtha gati kI niyAmakatA nahIM hai ki amuka lezyA vAlA amuka gati meM hI jaayegaa| cAroM gatiyoM meM kisI eka gati kA AyuSya baMdha sakatA hai| kucha lezyA kA sthAna avazya niyAmaka hai| jaise kRSNa lezyA naraka kA kAraNa hai| jyotiSka devoM meM tejo lezyA hI hotI hai, kyoMki vahAM bhAvoM kI kliSTatA nahIM hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM sabhI lezyAoM kA astitva hai| aprazasta aura prazasta lezyAoM ke AdhAra para prANI kI mAnasika dazA aura AcaraNa kA suvyavasthita citraNa uttarAdhyayana ke cautIsaveM adhyayana meM milatA hai| vahAM lezyA ke varNa gaMdha Adi guNadharmoM para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai jise nimnAMkita cArTa se saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA haikriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 137

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138 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA nAma kRSNalezyA nIla lezyA kApota tejo padma zukla varNa kAjala ke samAna cAsa pakSI kI pAMkha kabUtara kI grIvA ke samAna hiMgalu-siMdUra ke samAna rakta haldI ke samAna pIlA kundanapuSpa, zakha- puSpa ke samAna sapheda gaMdha mRta gAya kalevara mRta kuttA mRta sarpa kI gaMdha se ananta guNa aniSTa suMgadhita dravyoM se ananta guNA sugaMdha rasa tuMbe se anantaguNa kaTuka trikaTu se ananta guNa tIkhA kaccI rI se ananta guNa khaTTA pakke Ama se ananta guNa khaTTA-mIThA madhu se ananta guNA miSTa mizrI se ananta guNA miSTa sparza karauta gAya kI jIbha zAka kA pattA se anta guNaka navanIta navanIta se anantaguNa sukumAra sirISa ke puSpa

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prAcIna AcAryoM ne lezyA saiddhAMtika pakSa para adhika prakAza DAlA hai| sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya meM lezyA kA karma ke sAtha gaharA aura sUkSma vizleSaNa adhika prApta hotA hai| karma kA upArjana kriyA ke anusAra hotA hai| aprazasta lezyA se sAmparAyika kriyA kA baMdhana hotA hai, prazasta lezyA meM IryApathika kaa| lezyA kI prazastatAaprazastatA, zubhatA-azubhatA kaSAyoM kI tIvratA-maMdatA para nirbhara hai| kisI bhI sthiti ke nirmANa meM nimitta aura upAdAna donoM kA yoga hotA hai| lezyA kI zubha-azubha avadhAraNA ke saMdarbha meM puNya-pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA kI tattva mImAMsA samajhanI apekSita hai| raMga vijJAna aura lezyA vaidika mAnyatAnusAra sampUrNa sRSTi paMca tattvoM se banI hai| ina tattvoM kA prANiyoM ke mana aura karma para prabhAva hai| raMga vijJAna ke anusAra tattvoM ke apane-apane viziSTa raMga hai| unake abhimata se mUla meM prANa tattva eka hai| aNuoM kI nyUnAdhikatA, kampana yA vega se usake pAMca vibhAga kiye gaye haiM - | nAma vega raMga / AkAra pRthvI alpatara pIlA catuSkoNa madhura jala alpa sapheda yA baiMganI ___ ardha candrAkAra kasailA taijas tIvra lAla trikoNa caTapaTA vAyu tIvratara nIlA yA AsamAnI gola khaTTA AkAza tIvratama kAlA yA nIlAbha aneka bindugola kar3avA yA AkAra zUnya kriyA aura puNya "karmaNA badhyate jaMtu : yaha ukti, kriyA se karma baMdhana hotA hai, isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatI hai kintu yaha kathana bhI sApekSa hI hai / jaina dRSTi meM sabhI kriyAeM baMdhana kI hetu nahIM mAnI gaI hai| sAmparAyika kriyAeM hI karma baMdhana kI koTi meM AtI hai, IryApathika nhiiN| karmoM ke AkarSaNa ke hetubhUta Atma-pariNAma ko Azrava kahA hai| pAMca AzravoM meM yoga (kriyA) Azrava kA kriyA se sIdhA sambandha hai| yoga ke tIna srota haiM- mana, vacana svAda kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 139

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aura kaayaa| ye tInoM yoga zubha - azubha donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| zubha pariNamana se hone vAlA zubhayoga aura azubha pariNamana se hone vAlA azubhayoga kahalAtA hai| tattvArtha sUtra zubhAzubha yogAzrava ko puNya-pApa kahA gayA hai| zubhayoga se hone vAlA baMdhana puNyarUpa aura azubha se hone vAlA baMdhana pApa rUpa hotA hai| jaina tatva darzana kI bhASA meM zubhakarmoM kI udayAvasthA ko puNya aura azubha karmoM kI udayAvasthA ko pApa kahA jAtA hai| sat karma evaM asat karma bhI kramazaH puNya aura pApa ke vAcaka haiM, isalie puNya-pApa satkriyA tathA asatkriyA ke artha meM bhI prayukta hote haiN| jIva kA pariNamana do taraha se hotA hai - moha, rAga dveSa Adi azubha bhAvoM meM athavA dhyAnAdi zubhakAryoM meN| bhAvoM ke anurUpa sUkSma pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha anubaMdha hotA hai| mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyA se Atma pradezoM meM prakampana hotA hai| isase karma - paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa ho jAte haiN| zubha-azubha pudgaloM ke AkarSaNa ke hetu alaga-alaga haiN| eka hI hetu se dvividha paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hai| puNya kA baMdha zubhayoga se hotA hai| zubhayoga, zubhabhAva, zubha pariNAma Adi jIva ke paryAya haiM isalie ekArthaka haiN| pApa kA baMdha azubha yoga se hotA hai| azubha yoga, azubha bhAva, azubha pariNAma Adi ekArthaka hai| ve hI pudgala udayakAla meM sukha - dukha rUpa phala dene ke kAraNa puNya-pApa kahalAte haiN| AtmapradezoM ke sAtha baMdhe hue karma - pudgala jaba taka phala nahIM dete taba taka sukha - duHkha kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| udaya kAla meM hI ve sukha - dukhada saMvedana ke nimitta banate haiN| kaI AcArya maMda kaSAya se puNya baMdha mAnate haiN| 32 AcArya bhikSu isase sahamata nhiiN| unake abhimata se maMda kaSAya puNyAkarSaNa tu nahIM / kaSAya kI maMdatA aura antarAya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama se hone vAle zubhayoga ke dvArA nAmakarma ke yoga se puNya kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| puNya- pApa donoM baMdhana vyavahAra ke dharAtala para puNya kAmya hai, pApa akAmya / adhyAtma kI bhUmikA para donoM haiN| ye paudgalika hone se Atmodaya ke bAdhaka haiN| donoM ber3iyAM hai| aMtara itanA hI hai ki puNya sone kI ber3I hai, pApa lohe kI ber3I hai| isa prakAra puNya-pApa donoM hI baMdhana rUpa hai| 33 140 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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AcArya pUjyapAda kI dhAraNA bhinna hai| ve puNya ko Atma sAdhanA meM sahAya tattva mAnate haiN| 34 isameM mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki puNyArjana kI sArI kriyAeM jaba anAsakta bhAva se kI jAtI haiM to ve baMdha kA kAraNa na hokara, karma kSaya kI hetu bana jAtI haiN| AcArAMga meM Azrava aura parizrava ina do zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| eka hI kriyA Azrava (baMdhana) kA kAraNa bhI ho sakatI hai aura parizrava - mukti kA kAraNa bhii| puNya kI kAmanA avihita puNya kI heyatA ke viSaya meM jaina paramparA meM eka mata hote hue bhI upAdeyatA ko lekara matabheda hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda aura AcArya bhikSu donoM ne puNya ko saMsAra vRddhi kA kAraNa mAnA hai| ata: puNya heya hai| 35 sAmAnyataH puNya ko upAdeya mAnA jAtA haiN| jinabhadra gaNI kahate hai- paramArtha dRSTi meM puNya phala azubha karma kA janaka hone ke kAraNa duHkha hI hai| AcArya bhikSu aura jinabhadra gaNI donoM ke vicAroM kA niSkarSa eka hI hai| maharSi pataJjalI ne pAtaJjala yogadarzana meM puNya - pApa ke samakakSa hI kleza mUla kI vyAkhyA kI hai-36 zubhayoga 1 puNya jaina I Azrava - azubhayoga | pApa pAtaJjala 1 kleza mUla dharma puNya vedanIya nAma gotra Ayu vedanIya nAma gotra Ayu jAti 36kha Ayu bhoga jAti Ayu bhoga 37 ye bheda vastutaH pApa baMdha ke hetu haiN| ata: upacAra se prANAtipAta Adi kriyAoM ko pApa kahA hai| pApa ke janaka hai- rAga-dveSa hai| moha- jisake rAgadveSAdi hote haiM, usake azubha pariNAma pApa ke hetu hai| paramAtma prakAza meM kahA hai- yaha jIva pApodaya se narakagati aura tiryaJca gati ko pAtA hai| puNyodaya se deva hotA hai| puNya-pApa ke mela se manuSya banatA hai| puNya - pApa donoM ke kSaya se mokSa prApta hai| 38 (ka) gItA ke anusAra buddhimAna vaha hai jo sukRta (puNya) duSkRta (pApa) donoM kA parityAga kre| ina saMdarbhoM se siddha ho jAtA hai ki adhyAtma sAdhaka ke liye puNya pApa donoM tyAjya hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta adharma 1 pApa 141

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yadyapi puNya baMdhana satkriyA se hotA hai phira bhI ise adhyAtma meM kAmya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| nirjarA kA AnuSaMgika phala puNya hai| tapaH sAdhanA Adi Atma zuddhi ke lakSya se kI jAtI hai, na ki puNya kI kAmanA se| Atma-zuddhi ke lakSya ko pAne meM puNya sAdhakatama sAdhana nahIM hai| AcArya bhikSu ke anusAra puNya kI kAmanA karane kA artha haibhogoM kI icchA karanA aura bhogecchA saMsAra kA hetu hai| 38(kha) nirjarA se puNya nahIM hotA, vaha nirjarA kA sahacara hai| nirjarA hotI hai vahAM puNya baMdha hotA hai-yaha bhI anivAryatA nahIM haiN| 14veM guNasthAna meM nirjarA ke samaya puNya baMdha kA abhAva hai| puNya ke sAtha nirjarA kI vyApti hai| nirjarA ke sAtha puNya kI vyApti nahIM haiN| jahAM bhI pravRtti, kriyA, spaMdana yA ejana hai, vahAM baMdha avazya hai| jaina Agama isa viSaya meM spaSTa hai| inameM puNya sambandhI jitane bhI ullekha haiM, ve yA to puNya ko nirjarA kA sahabhAvI siddha karate haiM yA use satpravRtti janya mAnate haiN| eka bhI sthala aisA nahIM prApta hotA hai jahAM nirjarA kI udbhAvaka satpravRtti ke abhAva meM puNya niSpanna huA ho| 39 katipaya dhArmika paramparAeM puNya ke liye satkriyA kA samarthana karatI haiN| AcArya bhikSu ne Agamika AdhAra para isa mAnyatA ko svIkRti nahIM dii| unhoMne kahA- puNya ke liye dharma karanA anucita hai| puNya paudgalika hai, jo unakI icchA karate haiM, ve mUr3ha haiN| ve dharma-karma kI bhinnatA ko nahIM jaante| zrImajjayAcArya ne AcArya bhikSu ke vicAroM kA samarthana karate hue likhA- puNya kI icchA mata kro| vaha khujalI roga jaisA hai jo prAraMbha meM priya lagatA hai kintu usakA pariNAma hitakara nahIM hotA hai| cakravartI pada kI prApti Adi puNya ke phala haiM jo nizcaya dRSTi se duHkha rUpa hI haiN|40 yogendu likhate haiM- ve puNya kisa kAma ke jo rAjya dekara jIva ko du:kha - paramparA kI ora r3hakela de| ataH Atma-darzana kI khoja meM lIna vyakti ke liye Atma-darzana se vimukha hokara puNya kI icchA karanA vAJchanIya nahIM hai| ve Age kahate haiM- hamAre puNya kA baMdha na ho kyoMki puNya se dhana milatA hai| dhana se mada hotA hai, mada se mati- moha aura matimoha se pApa hotA hai|42 yaha krama unhIM para lAgU hotA hai jo puNya kI kAmanA se dharmAcaraNa karate haiN| Atma - zuddhi kI dRSTi se dharmArAdhanA karanevAloM ke bhI puNya-baMdha hotA hai kintu vaha vyakti ko digmUr3ha nahIM bnaataa| vastutaH karma se karma kA nAza nahIM hotaa| akarma se karma kA nAza hotA hai|43 142 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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puNya - pApa kA nirNaya do AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai- kartA kI manovRtti aura karma kA bAhya svruup| paM. sukhalAlajI ke anusAra- puNya-pApa kI kasauTI kevala UparI kriyA hI nahIM, kartA kA Azaya hai|44 vastuta: jaina dRSTi kisI bhI viSaya meM ekAMgI nahIM, anekAntika hai| yaha manovRtti ko mahattva detI hai, sAtha-sAtha loka vyavahAra kI upekSA bhI nahIM krtii| dravya aura bhAva donoM kA samAna mUlya hai| vRtti zubha ho, kriyA azubha ho, yaha saMbhava nhiiN| koI bhI baMdhana mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM, apitu usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya evaM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti ke kAraNa hotA hai| kriyA se karma kA baMdhana avazya hotA hai| baMdhana kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai- IryApathika, saampraayik| IryApathika baMdhana kSaNika hotA hai jaba ki sAmparAyika dIrghakAlika hotA hai| puNya svataMtra yA parataMtra jaina dRSTi meM dharma aura puNya pRthak - pRthak tattva haiN| zAbdika dRSTi se puNya zabda dharma ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai kintu tAttvika dRSTi se ye donoM eka nahIM ho skte| dharma AtmA kI rAga -dveSa rahita zubha pariNati hai|45 puNya zubha karma pudgala haiN| puNya ajIva kI paryAya hai| 47 dharma jIva kI paryAya hai|48 dharma satkriyA hai, puNya usakA fala hai|4"stprvRtti ke binA puNya nahIM hotA, dharma Atma-mukti kA sAdhana hai| puNya baMdhana kA hetu hai|51 yoga sUtra meM bhI puNya ko dharma kA sahacArI mAnA gayA hai| dharma aura adharma kleza mUlaka haiN| klezAzaya kA paripAka hone para usake tIna phala haiM- jAti, Ayu, bhog| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM- sukhada, duHkhd| jinakA hetu puNya hotA hai, ve sukhada haiN| jinakA hetu pApa hai, ve duHkhada haiN|52 isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki maharSi pataJjali ne bhI puNya-pApa kI svataMtra utpatti nahIM mAnI hai| puNya ke prakAra jIva kA zubha-pariNAma bhAvapuNya hai| bhAva puNya ke nimitta se pudgaloM kI karma vargaNA vizeSa ke zubha pudgala Atma-pradezoM meM praveza karate haiN| ye dravya puNya hai| sthAnAMga meM nau prakAra ke puNya kA vivecana hai| isakA phalita yaha hai,jisa nimitta se puNya kA baMdhana hotA hai, vaha puNya usa nAma se abhihita kiyA gyaa| jaise saMyamI ko zuddha anna dene se hone vAlA zubhakarma baMdha anna puNya kahalAtA hai| vaise hI pAna puNya, layana puNya, zayana puNya, vastra puNya, mana puNya, vacana puNya, kAya puNya, namaskAra puNya jJAtavya haiN| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 143

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sthAnAMga ke TIkAkAra zrI abhayadeva ne apanI TIkA meM navavidha puNya ko batAne ke liye gAthA uddhRta kI hai annaM pAnaM ca vastraM ca Alaya: shynaasnm| zuzrUSA vaMdanaM tuSTi : puNyaM navavidhaM smRtam / / 53kha isameM chaha to ve hI haiM jo mUla sthAnAMga meM ullikhita haiM kintu mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sthAna para yahAM Asana puNya, zuzrUSA puNya aura tuSTi puNya hai| navavidha puNya kI yaha paramparA Agamika nahIM hai| digambara graMthoM meM pratigrahaNa, ucca sthAna, pAda prakSAlana, arcana, praNAma, mana zuddhi, vacana zuddhi, kAya zuddhi, aura eSaNA zuddhi ina nau ko puNya kahA hai| 54 (ka). isakA artha yaha nahIM ki puNya baMdhana ke hetu itane hI haiN| hetu aneka haiM, yahAM kucha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| puNya ke aneka avAntara bheda bhI haiN| pratyeka bheda kI apanI viziSTa prakRti hai, ve svabhAvAnusAra phala dete hai| karmoM kA yaha phala denA hI unakA bhoga hai| puNya karma apane avAntara bhedoM kI vivakSA se 42 prakAra kA hai| 54 (kha) bauddha AcAra - darzana meM bhI puNya ke dAnAtmaka svarUpa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM saMyukta - nikAya meM kahA gayA hai- anna, pAna, vastra, zayyA, Asana, evaM cAdara ke dAnI paNDita purUSa meM puNya kI dhArAeM A giratI haiN| 54 (ga) puNya kA hetu ekatva kI vivakSA se pratipAdana kareM to kaha sakate hai, puNya baMdhana kA eka mAtra nimitta hai - satpravRtti, sadanuSThA kriyA / kucha paramparAeM puNya kA baMdhana svataMtra mAnatI haiM unake abhimata se mithyAtvI ke dharma nahIM, para puNya kA baMdhana hotA hai| tattva cintana kI kasauTI para yaha mAnyatA kharI nahIM utaratI / yadyapi mithyAtvI ke saMvara dharma nahIM hotA para nirjarA dharma avazya hotA hai| vahI usakI Antarika zuddhi kA nimitta hai anyathA mithyAtvI liye samyaktva bananA saMbhava hI nahIM hogaa| IryApathika kriyA ekAntataH puNya kI kriyA hai / sAmparAyikI kriyA kA sambandha puNya-pApa donoM se hai| dasaveM guNasthAna taka sAmparAyikI kriyA se puNya - pApa donoM kA baMdha hotA hai| Age ke guNasthAnoM meM kevala puNya - baMdha hotA hai kyoMki vahAM IryApathika kriyA hai| caudahavAM guNasthAna abaMdha kA hai| 144 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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prazna hotA hai, sAmparAyikI kriyA pApa hai- yaha pratyakSa hai| Agama meM aneka sthaloM para isake sAkSya upalabdha haiM kintu vaha puNya rUpa bhI hai, isakA AdhAra kyA hai ? prajJApanA ke teisaveM pada ke anusAra IryApathikI aura sAmparAyikI - ina donoM kriyAoM kA sAtavedanIya meM samAhAra hotA hai| ukta nyAya se sAmparAyikI kriyA puNya rUpa bhI hai| dUsarA isa prazna ke uttara meM jayAcArya kA kahanA hai ki bhagavatI zataka meM sAmparAyikI kriyA ko pApa kahA hai| pahale se dasaveM guNasthAna taka azubhayoga Azrava hai / yaha sAmparAyikI kriyA se hone vAlA pApa kA baMdha hai| zubhayoga se jo puNya - baMdha hotA hai, use puNya - samparAya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra sAmparAyikI kriyA puNya aura pApa donoM haiN| kriyA aura pApa sAdhanA ke kSetra meM puNya bAdhaka tattva hai vaise hI pApa bhii| ye donoM AtmA ke vijAtIya tattva haiM aura isalie AtmA kI parataMtratA ke kAraNa haiN| pApa kI paribhASA jo AtmA kA patana kare, jahAM AtmAnaMda kA zoSaNa ho, Atma-zaktiyoM kA hrAsa ho, vaha pApa hai| 56 sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai- jo AtmA ko zubha bhAvoM se vaMcita rakhatA hai, azubhaphala detA hai, vaha pApa hai| 57 azubha karmoM ke udaya ko pApa kahate haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya, ye cAra karma ekAntataH azubha hai| zeSa cAra karma zubha - azubha donoM haiN| azubha karmoM kI udayAvasthA pApa hai| upacAra se pApa karma-baMdhana ke hetu ko bhI pApa kahate haiN| vastuta: ye pApa sthAna hai| pApa mukhyataH aThAraha haiM 1. prANAtipAta 7. mAna 2. mRSAvAda 8. mAyA 3. adattAdAna 9. lobha 4. maithuna 5. 6. 13. 14. paizunya 15. 16. 17. 18. jisake udaya se AtmA azubha kriyA athavA azubha pravRtti ke lie prerita hotI hai, vaha mohanIya karma bhI pApa kahalAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie- jisa mohodaya se kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta parigraha krodha 10. rAga 11. dveSa 12. kalaha abhyAkhyAna para - parivAda rati arati - mAyA - mRSA mithyAdarzana zalya 145

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prANI hiMsA ke liye prerita hotA hai, vaha prANAtipAta hai| jisase asatya meM pravRtta hotI hai, vaha mRSAvAda pApa hai| puNya aura dharma bhinna haiM, vaise hI adharma aura pApa bhI bhiH| hai| adharma asat pravRttirUpa haiM, pApa usake dvArA AkRSTa azubha karma pudgala haiN| adharma cetanA kI vaibhAvika azubha pariNati hai aura pApa karma-pudgaloM kI azubha pariNati hai| puNya-pApa kA baMdha eka sAtha nahIM hotaa| sAtaveM guNasthAna se azubhayoga janita pApa ke baMdhana kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| dasaveM guNasthAna taka kevala nairaMtarika pApa kA baMdha hotA hai| gyArahaveM se lekara Age vaha sUkSma adhyavasAya janita nairaMtarika pApa bhI nahIM hotaa| bauddha darzana meM kAyika, vAcika, aura mAnasika AdhAra para dasa prakAra ke pApoM (akuzala karma) kA varNana hai|58 kAyika- prANAtipAta, adattAdAna, kAmesu micchAcAra (kAma bhoga sambandhI duraacaar)| vAcika- mRSAvAda, pisunavAcA, pharusa vAcA (kaThora vacana) sampralApa (vyartha prlaap)| mAnasika- abhijA (lobha), vyApAda (mAnasika hiMsA), micchaaditttthii| kriyA aura bhAva jIvana kI yAtrA sthUla se sUkSma kI ora hotI hai| caitanya dhArA kA mUla kendra haiaatmaa| usakI paridhi meM aneka tattva sakriya haiN| unameM eka hai- bhaavtNtr| bhAva kA saghana rUpa hai- kriyaa| vicAroM ke janaka bhAva haiN| vicAra kriyA kI prasava bhUmi hai| kriyA sthUla hai| vicAra usase sUkSma aura bhAva usase bhI sUkSma hai| kriyA aura vicAra donoM snAyavika preraNAeM hai| bhAva snAyavika pravRtti nahIM, vaha sthUla zarIra se pare cetanA kI pravRtti hai| bhAva ke nirmANa kI eka lambI prakriyA hai| bhAva kA vyutpatti labhya artha 'bhU' dhAtu se bhAva zabda kI niSpatti do rUpoM meM hotI hai| 1. bhU + ac bhAvaH, bhavati iti bhAvaH jo hotA hai, vaha bhAva hai| 2. bhU + Nic + ac bhAvaH, bhAvayati iti bhAva-jo bhAvanA karAtA hai, vaha bhAva hai| 146 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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pariNAma vizeSa ko bhAva kahate haiN| isakA sambandha manoyoga se hai| adhyavasAya, lezyA evaM yoga ke samuccaya ko bhI bhAva kahA jAtA hai| amanaska jIvoM ke adhyavasAya hotA hai kintu manoyoga na hone se jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha bhAva zUnya kahalAtI hai| saMsAra meM jIva aura ajIva do mUla tattva haiN|59 avaziSTa sAre tattva ina do kA hI vistAra hai| donoM kA svataMtra astitva hai| jIva kA astitva nirapekSa hai, upAdhimukta hai| usakI vividhatA meM karma kA udaya yA vilaya nimitta banatA hai| AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa jJAna-darzanAtmaka hai| sahaja svarUpa karma ke kAraNa AvRtta, vikRta aura avaruddha rahatA hai| karmodaya AtmA ke vikAsa ko rokatA hai| karma kA vilaya vikAsa kA dvAra udghATita karatA hai| udaya aura vilaya bhAva meM nirantara saMgharSa calatA hai| vyakti ke bAhya evaM Antarika vyaktitva ke saMcAlaka bhAva ke mukhya prakAra do haiM audayika, kSAyopazamika yA kSAyika bhaav| vistAra meM bhAva ke pAMca prakAra haiM1.audayika 2. aupazamika 3. kSAyika 4. kSayopazamika aura 5. pAriNAmikA AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM bhAvoM kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| audayika bhAva dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anukUla karma kA phala denA udaya kahalAtA hai| gati, jAti, lezyA, pariNAma Adi audayika bhAva haiN| moha janita audayikabhAva baMdha ke kAraNa hai| moha kI jaba taka sattA rahatI hai, karma baMdha hotA rahatA hai| kRta karmoM ke anusAra prANI naraka Adi gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| moha kI prabalatA ke kAraNa vyakti kA dRSTikoNa asamyak rahatA hai, buddhi kA saMtulana samApta ho jAtA hai, kaSAyoM kI prabalatA rahatI hai| usake AdhAra para audayika vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| kSAyopazamika bhAva kSayopazama zabda kSaya aura upazama se milakara banA hai| aupazamika bhAva ke antargata upazama aura kSayopazama ke antargata upazama kI sthiti meM antara hai| upazama meM jahAM vipAkodaya aura pradezodaya kA abhAva hotA hai, vahAM kSayopazama meM udaya prApta kA kSaya tathA pradezodaya kA maMda vipAkodaya calatA rahatA hai| dhavalA meM kSayopazama kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai-sarvaghAtI spardhaka anantaguNa hIna hokara dezaghAtI spardhaka meM rUpAntarita ho udaya meM AtA hai| sarvaghAtI spardhaka kA anantagaNa hIna honA hI kSaya hai tathA unakA dezaghAtI spardhaka ke rUpa meM avasthiti upazama hai| kriyA aura karma-siddhAMta 147

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isa prakAra kSaya evaM upazama ke yoga se niSpanna jIvadazA kSayopazama bhAva kahalAtA hai| 60 isa bhUmikA para prANI vikAsa kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa bhAva ke prakaTIkaraNa meM adhyavasAyoM kI prazastatA aura lezyA kI vizuddhi pramukha kAraNa hote haiN| hara vyakti ke pAsa yogyatA evaM kriyAtmaka zaktiyAM hai| yogyatA AtmA kA guNa hai| kriyAtmaka zakti zarIra ke yoga se niSpanna hotI hai| karma zAstra kI bhASA meM inheM kramaza: labdhivIrya evaM karaNavIrya kahA jAtA hai| labdhivIrya na ho to yogyatA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA aura karaNavIrya ke abhAva meM kArya-saMpAdana nahIM ho sakatA / antarAya karma samApta hotA hai taba vyakti meM kriyAtmaka zakti prakaTa hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma jJAna - darzanAtmaka zakti ke avarodhaka haiN| moha karma dvArA Atmika AnaMda aura pavitratA prabhAvita hotI hai| ina cAroM karmoM ke kamajora par3ane para hI vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai| ise kSAyopazamika vyaktitva kaha sakate haiN| ina karmoM ke pUrNa rUpa se haTane para samagra vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai / ise kSAyika vyaktitva kaha sakate haiN| aupazamika bhAva kucha samaya ke liye karma ke udaya - pravAha kA ruka jAnA upazama hai| karma ke vipAkodaya evaM pradezodaya kA sarvathA abhAva upazama avasthA hai| upazama meM mohanIya karma kAna sarvathA kSaya hotA hai, na udaya / apitu upazama hotA hai| isameM karma kI sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa aupazamika bhAva niSpanna hotA hai| kSAyikabhAva AtmA se karmoM kA sarvathA alaga ho jAnA kSaya hai| isameM ananta catuSTayAdi Atma- guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| kSaya kI avasthA vizeSa rUpa se bArahaveM guNasthAna meM prApta hotI hai| pAriNAmikabhAva uparyukta avasthAoM ke alAvA svAbhAvika pariNamana se gujarane kI prakriyA pAriNAmika bhAva kahalAte haiN| yaha jIva, ajIva sabhI meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA haiN| pAriNAmika bhAva karmoM ke udaya aura vilaya taka hI sImita nahIM hai apitu yaha svAbhAvika pariNamana bhI haiN| udAharaNArtha kisI jIva meM mokSa prApti kI arhatA hai, vaha bhavya hai, arhatA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 148

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nahIM, vaha abhavya hai| jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva inakA karmoM ke udaya - vilaya ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM haiN| karmoM kA saMcaya kiyA jAtA hai, tor3A bhI jAtA hai| jIvatva Adi ko na prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, na naSTa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svAbhAvika sthiti hai| audayika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, aupazamika ye bhI usakI paryAyeM haiN| pariNamana eka zakti hai, jo karma, upAdhi aura svabhAva ke kAraNa ina bhAvoM meM abhivyakta hotI hai| yaha astitva kA ghaTaka tattva hai| karma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama se nirapekSa Atma - dravya kI pariNati ko pAriNAmika bhAva kahate hai| cetanatva Adi bhAva isI prakAra ke haiN| pAriNAmika bhAva dravyamAtra meM pAyA jAtA hai| vyApaka artha meM kisI bhI dravya kA svAbhAvika pariNamana hI pAriNAmika bhAva hai| pAriNAmika bhAva ke mukhyata: do prakAra haiM- jIva pAriNAmika aura ajIva pAriNAmikA prastuta prasaMga jIva pAriNAmika bhAva se saMbaMdhita hai| isa dRSTi se jIva pAriNAmika bhAva ke tIna prakAra haiM-jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhvytv| yadyapi ina tIna ke alAvA, astitva, anyatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva, guNatva, pradezatva, arUpatva, asarvagatatva Adi bhI pAriNAmika bhAva ke hI bheda haiN| jIva pAriNAmika bhAva ke prakAroM ke antargata unakA ullekha nahIM karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki astitva Adi sAdhAraNa pAriNAmika bhAva hai| ve ajIva meM bhI pAye jAte haiM, kevala jIva se hI inakA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| jIva kA svarUpa asAdhAraNa bhAvoM se hI batalAyA jA sakatA hai, isaliye yahAM una sabakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI yA mukta, koI bhI AtmA ho, usake sabhI paryAya ina pAMca bhAvoM meM se kisI na kisI bhAva meM avazya hogeN| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kSayopazama kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vartamAna jIvana saMcAlana evaM nirmANa meM kSayopazama kA pUrA yogadAna hai| kSayopazama bhAva vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tatva hai| vyakti svayaM apane puruSArtha dvArA kSayopazama ko vRddhiMgata kara sakatA hai| upazama alpakAlika hai| kSayopazama dIrghakAlIna evaM satata AtmA ko vikAsa kI dazA meM gatizIla banAne kI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI choTe-bar3e prANiyoM meM kSayopazama aura udaya bhAva nizcita rUpa se vidyamAna rahate haiN| nigoda jaise avikasita jIvoM meM bhI ye pAye jAte haiN| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra akSara ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA jJAna jIva meM nitya vikasita rahatA hai| anyathA jIva aura ajIva meM koI antara nahIM rhtaa|61 kriyA aura karma-siddhAMta 149

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vyaktitva ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke liye bhAvoM kA adhyayana atyAvazyaka hai| kSayopazama kevala cAra ghAtI karmoM kA hotA hai, aghAtI kA nhiiN| ghAtI karma AtmA ke maulika guNoM kI ghAta karate haiM kintu sarvathA nahIM isaliye unakA kSayopazama ho sakatA hai| aghAtI karmoM kA udaya tathA kSaya hI hotA hai, upazama nhiiN| pAtaJjala Adi jainetara darzanoM meM bhI bhAvoM ke samakakSa klezoM kA ullekha hai| pAtaMjala yoga meM avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa, abhiniveza- ina pAMca klezoM ko moha kA pariNAma mAnA hai| kleza-prasupta, tanu, vicchinna evaM udAra ina cAra rUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| 62 prasuptAvasthA kI tulanA hama abAdhAkAla se kara sakate haiN| tanu kI upazama athavA kSayopazama se aura udAra kI udaya ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sakatI hai|63 __ sAdhaka zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi, prajJA dvArA apane puruSArtha se klezoM kA kSaya karatA hai| aMta meM asaMprajJAta samAdhi ko prApta karatA hai| samAdhi prApti ke liye kiye gaye prayatna kI kSayopazama tathA samAdhi prApta avasthA kI tulanA kSAyika bhAva se kI jA sakatI haiN| ___ karma zAstra meM Avega niyaMtraNa kI tIna paddhatiyAM hai- upazama, kSayopazama aura kssy| manovijJAna meM upazama ko damana kahA hai| kSayopazama ko manovijJAna meM mArgAntarIkaraNa yA udAttIkaraNa kahA hai| tIsarI kSaya yA kSayIkaraNa vilayana kI prakriyA hai| isameM Avega sarvathA samApta ho jAte haiM, nirmUla ho jAte haiN| bhAvoM ke prabheda mohakarma kA udaya Atma-patana kA aura usakA upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama Atmonnati kA hetu hai| kahA bhI hai 'ujalA na melA kahyA joga, moha karma saMjoga - vijog|' 64 moha ke sAhacarya se jIva kI pravRtti azubha aura abhAva se zubha banatI hai| bhAvoM kI prazastatA aprazastatA ke AdhAra para cAra bhaMga hote haiM 1. kardama udaka samAna malinatara 2.khaJjana udaka samAna malina 3. bAlukA udaka samAna nirmala 4.zaila udaka samAna nirmalatara 150 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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zuddhatA - azuddhatA meM gatibaMdha kI carcA mahattvapUrNa hai| pahale vikalpa kA phala hai nrkgti| kramazaH dUsare tIsare kA phala hai- tiryaJca gati, manuSya gati, cauthe vikalpa kA adhikArI svargagAmI hotA hai| jIvana ke hara pakSa ke sAtha bhAva kA sambandha hai| mAnasika bhAvoM ke Aroha avaroha meM jimmedAra bhAvadhArA hai| isa saMdarbha meM prasannacandra rAjarSi kI ghaTanA ullekhanIya hai|'' rAjarSi dhyAnastha khar3e the| nagara para zatru senA ke AkramaNa kI sUcanA milii| rAjarSi svayaM ko bhUla gaye / putra aura rAjya para mUrcchA pragAr3ha bana gii| bhAva stara para yuddha karane laga gye| zreNika kI savArI udhara se niklii| muni kI ekAgratA se prabhAvita ho unhoMne mahAvIra se pUchA - isa samaya rAjarSi AyuSya pUrNa kare to kahAM jaayegeN| bhagavAna ne kahA - sAtavIM naraka / zreNika sunakara stabdha raha gyaa| kucha samaya ke bAda mahAvIra ne kahA- rAjarSi abhI AyuSya pUrNa kare to sarvocca devaloka meM jaayegeN| unakI bhAvadhArA badala gaI hai| niSedhAtmaka cintana vidheyAtmaka meM rUpAntarita ho gayA hai| prazasta lezyAoM meM ArohaNa karate hue kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA hai| vizuddhatA kA sambandha bhAva vizuddhi se hai| bhAvoM kI zuddhi hI arthapUrNa hai| jIvana kI sArI pravRttiyoM, kriyAoM kA preraka tattva bhAva hI hai / 1. audayika bhAva 2. aupazamika bhAva 3. kSAyika bhAva 4. kSAyopazamika bhAva ( 21 ) 4 gati, - naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, deva 4 kaSAya - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, 3 liMga - strI, purUSa, napuMsaka mithyAtva, ajJAna, asaMyama, asiddhatva (2) (9) (18) 6 lezyA -kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejo, padma, zukla, upazama samyaktva, upazama cAritra jJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga-upabhoga vIrya, samyaktva, cAritra | 4 jJAna, 3 ajJAna, 3 darzana, 5 labdhi, samyaktva, cAritra, saMyamAsaMyama 1 jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva 5. pAriNAmika bhAva (3) karma - baMdha prakriyA aura bhAva upazama Adi cAra bhAva karma - baMdha meM nimitta nahIM bnte| baMdha kA hetu kevala audayika bhAva hai| yadyapi baMdhana meM AThoM karmoM kA yoga rahatA hai kintu mohakarma kI ahaM bhUmikA rahatI hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 151

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upazama kevala mohanIya kA hotA hai, zeSa karmoM kA nhiiN| kSaya sabhI karmoM kA hotA hai| kSayopazama ghAti karmoM kA hI hotA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva prANI mAtra meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| svAmitva aura bhAva - kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika ina tIna bhAvoM ke adhikArI bhavya - abhavya donoM haiM / aupazamika tathA kSAyika kevala bhavya meM pAye jAte haiN| kevala jJAna hone para kSAyopazamika bhAva hI kSAyika bhAva meM vikasita ho jAtA hai / ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para upazama yA kSayopazama kA astitva nahIM rhtaa| mukta dazA meM audayika bhAva kI sattA samApta ho jAtI hai| vahAM kSAyika evaM pAriNAmika do hI bhAva rahate haiN| kAla - dRSTi aura bhAva kala kI dRSTi se bhAvoM ke cAra vikalpa banate haiM 1. anAdi-nidhana bhAva - abhavya kA asiddhatva, dharmAdharmAdi kI gati, sthiti, avagAhanA, pariNamana hetutv| 2. anAdi - sAnta bhAva- bhavya jIva kA asiddhatva, bhavyatva, mithyAtva, asaMyama aadi| 3. sAdi - ananta bhAva- kevalajJAna, kevala darzana Adi / 4. sAdi - sAnta bhAva- samyaktva se patita ho punaH mithyAtva meM calA jaanaa| ina pAMca bhAvoM ke atirikta Agama sAhitya meM eka bhAva aura upalabdha hai| vastutaH sAnnipAtika bhAva svataMtra hokara aneka bhAvoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna jIva dazA hai| isake 26 vikalpa hote haiM 152 saMyoga tIna ke saMyoga se cAra ke saMyoga se pAMca ke saMyoga se 10 vikalpa 10 vikalpa 5 vikalpa 1 vikalpa bhAva aura saMvega manovijJAna meM bhAva aura saMvega zabda bahu carcita haiN| saMvega kyA haiM ? bhAva kyA hai ? ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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donoM kA paraspara kyA sambandha hai ? prastuta prasaMga meM inheM samajhanA upayogI hogaa| bhAva sarala aura prAthamika mAnasika pratikriyA haiN| jaba ki saMvega jaTila pratikriyA hai| __ pleToM ne saMvega ko sukha tathA du:kha ke rUpa meM mAnA thaa| arastu ne saMvega ko sukha prApta karane tathA duHkha dUra karane kA sAdhana smjhaa| isa prakAra adhikAMza prAcIna yUnAnI dArzanikoM ne saMvega ko hradaya se sambandhita ghaTanA mAnane para bala diyaa| ata: 18 vIM zatAbdi taka ke dArzanika saMvega ko hradaya se saMbaMdhita viSaya mAnate the| Age calakara svacAlita taMtrikA taMtra tathA anta: srAvI graMthiyoM ko bhI saMvega kA AdhAra mAnA jAne lagA hai| bhAva kA jagat avyakta haiM, sUkSma haiN| saMvega pratyakSa hai| lezyA ke spaMdanoM kA jaba citta ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai taba bhAva taMtra kA nirmANa hotA hai| vastuta: bhAva aura saMvega kA itanA saMzleSaNa hai ki inheM vibhakta karanA AsAna nahIM hai| ___ saMvega manuSya ko sukha - duHkha kI sthiti meM le jAte haiN| bhAva pIche raha jAte haiN| bhAva Atmagata hote haiN| saMvedanA ke binA bhAva kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| jaise-hamane koI saMvAda sunaa| yaha sunanA saMvedanA hai| parantu saMvAda sunane ke bAda jo sukha - duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha bhAva hai| yaha mAnasika avasthA hai| hamAre mana ke tIna pahalu haiM- jJAnAtmaka (Cognitive), bhAvAtmaka (Affective) kriyAtmaka (Conative) / kisI bhI mAnasika prakriyA meM tInoM meM se koI na koI pakSa jur3A huA hotA hai| bhAva tIvra banatA hai taba saMvega kI sthiti samakSa AtI hai| krodha, lobha, bhaya, vAsanA, ghRNA, mAyA Adi savega haiN| inake mUla Azaya haiM- raag-dvess| dveSAzaya kI uttejanA se krodha ubharatA hai| rAgAzaya kI uttejanA se mAyA, lobha, vAsanA, Adi ubharate haiN| rAga -dveSa apratyakSa haiN| saMvega hamAre vyavahAra ke zaktizAlI preraka hote haiN| krodhAdi saMvedanAeM audayika bhAva haiN| prasannatA, Ananda, sukhaiSaNA kSayopazama bhAva haiN| saMvega kI sthiti meM svataH saMcAlita nAr3itaMtra, vRhadmastiSka aura hAIpothelemasa vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita hote haiN| saMvega kI samApti ke bAda unakA prabhAva kucha samaya ke liye cetanA para banA rahatA hai| usa sthiti meM vyakti mAnasika dRSTi se jo anubhava karatA hai, use manovijJAna kI bhASA meM manodazA kahA jAtA hai| manodazA kA kAlamAna adhika hai to bhAvoM kI tIvratA kama ho jAtI hai| saMvega kA kAlamAna kama hotA hai taba bhAvoM kI tIvratA bar3ha jAtI hai| ina donoM meM paraspara antaHkriyA kA saMbaMdha hai| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 153

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bhAva, saMvega aura svAsthya svAsthya ke sAtha bhAva aura saMvega kA kyA sambandha haiM ? yaha carcanIya viSaya hai| bhAva jaba saMvega banate haiM taba svAsthya prabhAvita hotA hai| saMvega aura svAsthya kA mAdhyama hai - zarIra / zarIra kA mukhya aMga hai - mastiSka / usake do vibhAga haiM- (1) limbika sisTama aura (2) hAIpothelemasa (Hypothalemus) / hAIpothelemasa saMvegoM kA udgama sthala hai| yahIM se saMvegoM kA saMcAlana evaM niyaMtraNa hotA hai| jaba -jaba saMvega prabala hote haiM, zarIra kI bAhya evaM Antarika vyavasthA asta vyasta ho jAtI hai| bAhya parivartanoM meM tIna mukhya hai- 1. mukhAkRti abhivyaMjana (Facial Expression ) 2. svarAbhivyaMjana (Vocal Expression) 3. zArIrika sthiti ( Bodily Posture) Antarika parivartana nimnAnusAra haiM 1. zvAsa kI gati meM parivartana (Changes in respiraton) 2. hRdaya kI gati meM parivartana (Changes in Heart beat ) 3. raktacApa meM parivartana (Changes in blood pressure) 4. pAcana kriyA meM parivartana (Changes in gestro intestinal or digestive function) 5. rakta meM rAsAyanika parivartana (Chemical changes in blood) 6. tvak pratikriyAoM tathA mAnasa - taraMgoM meM parivartana (Changes in sychoga responses and brain waves) 7. graMthiyoM kI kriyAoM meM parivartana 5kha (Changes in the activities of the glands) - 90 pratizata bImAriyAM bhAvAtmaka hotI haiN| sthUla zarIra meM prakaTa hone se pahale bImArI bhAva jagat meM utaratI hai| vaijJAnika zodha se yaha pramANita bhI ho cukA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra vyakti kA AbhAmaMDala bImArI kI pUrva sUcanA de detA hai kyoMki svAsthya kA sambandha bhAvoM se jur3A hai aura AbhAmaMDala bhAvoM kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| hama kevala bAhara roga kA kAraNa khojate haiM, kITANu ( germss) para adhika dhyAna dete haiN| bhAva ko gauNa kara dete haiM, vastutaH vyakti kI pratirodhAtmaka zakti (Resistance Power or Immunity System) bAhya tattvoM se adhika bhAva vizuddhi, ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 154

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lezyA aura adhyavasAyoM kI nirmalatA para nirbhara hai| bhAvoM kI vikRti roga kA heta hai| udagra utkaMThA, atyadhika lAlasA thAirAiDa ko prabhAvita karatI hai| pariNAma svarUpa thAiroksina kI kriyA badala jAtI hai, cayApacaya kI kriyA meM antara A jAtA hai| udAsI, avasAda, cir3acir3Apana, mAnasika tanAva Adi bImAriyoM kA mUla bhAvoM kA asaMtulana hai| isaliye zarIra aura mana se pare bhAva jagata ko samajhanA bhI jarUrI hai| prAcIna cikitsA paddhati meM Ayurveda kA abhimata isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya hai| tadanusAra tridoSa se kevala zarIra aura mana hI bImAra nahIM hotA, bhAva jagat bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| vAyu kA prakopa bar3hane se bhaya adhika satAtA hai| pitta prakopa se krodha tathA kapha se tandrA, Alasya Adi bar3hate haiN| manovijJAna meM kisa bhAva se kaunasI bimAriyAM hotI haiM- isakA vicAra kiyA gayA haiN| udAharaNArtha cintA se - rakta kA gAr3hA bananA, kSaya, kaiMsara, hRdaya roga hArTaphaila, tathA mastika vikRta aura rakta dUSita Adi rog| ghRNA se - alsara, carmaroga, pAcanataMtra kI asta-vyastatA, jIvana se virakti, arUci tathA gurde vikRta evaM rakta viSailA banatA hai| bhAvukatA se - snAyuoM kI durbltaa| lobha se - apaca, dst| IrSyA se - esIDITI, alsara, tathA yakRta aura tillI prbhaavit| ahaMkAra se - pITha darda, sAiTikA, sNdhivaat| nirAzA se - mandAgni saMkIrNatA se - koSThabaddhatA aadi| krodha se - tanAva, apaca, amlapitta, raktacApa, zarIra kA kNpn| bhaya se - hRdaya kI dhar3akana bar3hanA, ghabarAhaTa, muMha sUkhanA, anidrA, bhUkha kA baMda honA ityaadi|66(g) Aja Psychosometic Deseases zabda adhika pracalita hai jisakA artha hai- manokAyika biimaarii| ye ve bImAriyAM haiM jo bhAvAtmaka asaMtulana se utpanna hotI haiN| meDIkala sAiMsa kI dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka asaMtulana ke kAraNa anta: srAvI graMthiyoM ke srAva badala jAte haiN| jaise bhaya kI prabalatA se eDrInala glaiNDa sakriya ho jAtI kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 155

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hai, use atirikta srAva karanA par3atA hai| atirikta srAva rakta ke sAtha milakara naye rogoM ko utpanna karatA hai| __ hamArA jIvana pravRtti bahula hai, jahAM pravRtti hotI hai| vahAM Avega hotA hai| AvegoM ke zodhana, parivartana Adi kI prakriyA para mAnasa-zAstra se vicAra huA hai| jaina karmazAstra meM bhI Aveza-parizodhana kI vistRta prakriyA upalabdha hai| Aja ke manovijJAna mana kI hara samasyA para adhyayana kara rahe hai| karma zAstriyoM ne isa para pahale se hI cintana kara liyA thaa| karmazAstra ke saMdarbha meM manovijJAna ko par3hA jAye to aneka gutthiyAM sulajha sakatI hai| kriyA aura karma kA paraspara sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kriyA aura karma meM sambandha kriyA aura karma meM kAraNa-kArya (Casual Relationship) saMbaMdha hai| kriyA kI pratikriyA hI karma hai| pratyeka kArya ke pIche kAraNa avazyaMbhAvI hai| kAraNa hI kArya kA niyAmaka hai| kriyA kAraNa hai, karma kArya hai| kriyA ke abhAva meM karma saMbhava nhiiN| hara kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM pratikriyA kA dUsarA nAma karma hai| AcAryazrI mahAprajJajI ke zabdoM meM- karma kriyA kA upajIvI hai|66(k) kriyAkoza kI bhUmikA meM upAdhyAya muni ne bhI yahI likhA hai-kriyA karma kI jananI hai| tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para donoM meM anvaya-vyatireka saMbaMdha hai| dArzanika graMthoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki karma zabda aneka arthoM kA saMvAhaka hai| mukhyataH usake do artha haiM- (1) pravRtti yA kriyA (2) pravRttijanita karma prAyogya pudgaloM kA sNshlessnn| jaina darzana dUsare artha meM karma kI carcA para bala detA hai| AcArya tulasI ne karma kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai- AtmA kI sat evaM asat pravRttiyoM ke dvArA AkRSTa evaM karma rUpa meM pariNata hone yogya pudgaloM ko karma kahA hai|66(kh) anya darzanoM meM karma ko pravRttyAtmaka mAnA gayA haiN| vedoM se lekara brAhmaNa graMthoM taka meM yajJa - yAga, nitya - naimittika kriyAoM ko karma kahA hai|67 paurANika graMthoM meM bhI karma kA tAtparya dhArmika kriyA hai|68 yat kriyate tat karma69 isa vyutpatti se kisI kArya yA vyApAra kA nAma karma hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne karma kAraka ke artha meM 'karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|70 nyAyadarzana meM karma se tAtparya calanAtmaka kriyA hai| vahAM utkSepaNA, avakSepaNA, AkuMcana, prasAraNa, 156 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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aura gamana- isa prakAra karma ke pAMca prakAra batalAeM haiN| gItA meM bhI karma ko pravRtirUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai- vahAM manuSya jo bhI karatA hai yA karane kA Agraha rakhatA hai-ve sabhI pravRttiyAM karma ke aMtargata samAviSTa kI hai| bauddha darzana meM cetanA ko hI karma kahA hai| cetanA ke dvArA vyakti kAyA se, mana se, vANI se karma karatA hai| isa prakAra karma ke samutthAna yA kAraka ko hI karma kahA gayA hai| Age cetanA karma aura cetayitvA karma kI carcA bhI milatI hai| cetanA karma se matalaba mAnasika karma, cetayitvA karma se vAcika evaM kAyika karma hai|71 jainadarzana meM kriyA kA paryAyavAcI karma na hokara yoga hai| kintu vivakSA bheda se pratyeka kriyA karma hai cAhe phira vaha mAnasika ho, vAcika ho yA kAyikA jaina darzana meM karma ke hetu, kriyA aura karma vipAka sabhI ko karma kahA hai| rAjavArtika meM 'karma zabda kartA, karma aura bhAva tInoM rUpoM meM vivakSAnusAra parigrahIta hai| kAraNabhUta pariNAmoM kI vivakSA meM kartRdharma kA Aropa karane para vahI pariNAma svayaM dravya-bhAva rUpa kuzala karmoM ko karatA hai ata: vahI karma hai| AtmA kI pradhAnatA meM vahI kartA hotA hai aura vahI kArya kAraNa bhI hotA hai| jinake dvArA kiyA jAeM vaha karma haiN| sAdhya-sAdhana bhAva kI vivakSA na hone para svarUpa mAtra kA kathana karane se kriyA ko bhI karma kahate haiN| isa prakAra anya kArakoM kI bhI upapatti kI jA sakatI hai|72 karma siddhAMta jaina- darzana kA prANa-tattva hai| usake binA jAgatika vicitratA aura adhyAtma kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| kriyA aura karma ekArthaka bhI hai aura bhinnArthaka bhii| karma zabda jaba kriyA ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai taba kriyA aura karma ekArthaka ho jAte haiN| kintu karma-siddhAMta ke antargata jaba karma ko sUkSma bhautika tattva ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha kriyA se bhinna ho jAtA hai| bhinna hote hue bhI kriyA ke abhAva meM karmabaMdhana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hone se kriyA karma kI janaka siddha hotI hai| karma siddhAMta meM bhI karma ko bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma meM vibhakta karake bhAvakarma ke abhAva meM dravya karma kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra karake uparyukta tathya kI hI puSTi kI gaI hai| isake alAvA kriyA kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa karma-prakRttiyAM bhI bhinna - bhinna ho jAtI haiN| ina sabhI saMdarbho meM kriyA aura karma ke anyonya saMbaMdha ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| kriyA aura karma kI svIkRti kA mUlAdhAra AtmA aura jar3a - jagat ke svataMtra kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 157

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astittva kA svIkAra hai| na kevala astitva kA svIkAra apitu ve eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM, isa tathya kI svIkRti bhI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya Astika darzanoM ne eka aise tattva kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai jaina-darzana usI tattva ko karma kI saMjJA detA hai| anya darzana use mAyA, avidyA, prakRti4, apUrva, adRSTA, vAsanA", karmAzaya, daiva, bhAgya, saMskAra Adi rUpoM meM svIkAra karate haiN| inameM nAmabheda hone para bhI tAtparyArtha meM koI antara najara nahIM AtA haiN| vaidika darzanoM meM karma - siddhAMta kI vyAkhyA itanI spaSTa nahIM haiM jitanI jaina evaM bauddha darzana meN| AtmA aura karma kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA bhArata meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM hai-advaitavAdI aura dvaitvaadii| advaitavAdI ke samakSa jar3a-cetana ke saMbaMdha kI koI samasyA nahIM hai| yaha samasyA una vicAra dhArAoM ke lie haiM jo dvaitavAdI haiN| pAzcAtya jagat meM bhI yaha samasyA dekArta ke samaya se prAraMbha hotI hai kyoMki unhoMne sarvaprathama jar3a aura cetana kI svataMtra sattA mAnI thii| usane isakA samAdhAna pArasparika pratikriyAvAda ke AdhAra para kiyaa| dekArta ke virodha meM spinojA ne prazna khar3A kiyA ki jaba jar3a aura cetana donoM svataMtra haiM to unameM paraspara pratikriyA kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? usane pratikriyAvAda ke sthAna para samAnAMtaravAda kA siddhAMta diyaa| lAibanItja ne pUrva-sthApita sAmaJjasyavAda kI avadhAraNA prastuta kii| bhAratIya ciMtana meM prAcInakAla se hI AtmA aura jar3a kI svataMtra sattA mAnya rahI hai| isI kAraNa prAraMbha se hI yaha prazna uThatA rahA hai ki AtmA amUrta hai, karma mUrta hai| phira inakA saMbaMdha kaise ? sAMkhya darzana meM purUSa aura prakRti ko yadyapi bhinna mAnA hai phira bhI donoM ke saMbaMdha spaSTa nahIM hai kyoMki unameM puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAnA gayA hai| jaina dArzanika anekAntavAdI haiN| madirA, klorophArma Adi kA cetanA para prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai taba mUrta karma ke cetanA para prabhAva meM hameM saMdeha kyoM ? dUsarA unhoMne AtmA ko ekAntataH mUrta aura niSkriya nahIM mAnA hai| karma ke saMbaMdha se AtmA kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| svarUpataH amUrta hote hue bhI karmabaddha hone se sazarIrI hai| mUrta ko mUrta prabhAvita kara sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se AtmA para mUrta karma kA upaghAta, anugraha aura prabhAva tarka siddha hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki sarvathA amUrta AtmA para karma-siddhAMta lAgU nahIM hotaa| zarIra bhautika hai, AtmA abhautik| donoM meM pArasparika saMbaMdha hai| jaba taka AtmA zarIra se 158 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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mukta nahIM ho jAtI taba taka bAhya paristhitiyoM aura vAtAvaraNa se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sktii| saMbaMdha kA hetu kriyA dUsarA ahaM prazna yaha hai ki AtmA cetana hai, karma jdd'| AtmA avinazvara hai, karma nshvr| donoM virodhI svabhAva vAle haiN| vyavahAra jagata meM do virodhI sAtha nahIM raha skte| phira inakA saMyoga kaise huA ? kauna-sA aisA tattva hai jo setu kA kArya karatA hai? AcArAMga meM isa prazna kA uttara kriyAvAda kI svIkRti ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| AtmA meM rAga-dveSa aura moha ke spandana haiN| una prakampanoM ke dvArA karma pudgala AkRSTa hokara AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha sthApita karate haiN| karma pudgaloM ke prabhAva se AtmA meM rAgadveSAdi utpanna yA vRddhigata hote haiN| isa prakAra kriyA se karma aura karma se kriyA kA cakra anavarata gatizIla rahatA hai| AtmA aura karma vargaNAoM kA saMbaMdha svIkAra karane para prazna hotA hai ki AtmA anAdikAla se baMdhanagrasta hai to jo baMdhana anAdi hai vaha anaMta bhI honA caahie| aisI sthiti meM mukti kI saMbhAvanA nirmUla ho jAtI hai| karmabaMdha aura rAgAdi bhAva kA cakra anAdikAla se cala rahA hai to ananta kAla taka calatA rhegaa| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna meM bhI anekAMta dRSTi kA avalambana liyA hai| usake anusAra jaina dArzanikoM ne anAdi kI anaMtatA ke sAtha koI vyApti nahIM hai| anAdi hote hue bhI sAMtatA kI upalabdhi hotI hai| dUsarA jIva aura karma kA saMbaMdha pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai| vyakti vizeSa kI apekSA se sAdi sAMta hI hai| pratyeka karma kI apanI avadhi hai, nizcita kAla- maryAdA hai| yadi navIna karmasrota ko roka diyA jAeM to karmaphala aura baMdha kI paraMparA svata: samApta ho jAtI hai| ___karma vargaNAeM samasta loka meM vyApta haiN| mukti-kSetra meM bhI unakA astitva hai| isa sthiti meM prazna svAbhAvika hai ki karma vargaNA mukta AtmAoM ko prabhAvita kie binA kaise rahatI hai ? isa saMdarbha meM jainAcAryoM kA abhimata hai ki karma-pudgala usI AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiM jo rAga-dveSa se yukta hai| kIcar3a meM lohA jaMga khAtA hai, svarNa nhiiN| mukta AtmAoM meM rAga dveSAdi kriyA kA abhAva hai ata: unheM karma vargaNA ke pudgala prabhAvita karane meM sakSama nahIM haiN| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 159

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saMbaMdha kaba se? uparyukta carcA ke pazcAt jijJAsA hotI hai ki AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha kaba se hai? isa saMbaMdha kA nizcita samaya kauna -sA hai ? vastutaH kAla 3 naMta hai| anaMta kI vyAkhyA anaMta zabdoM ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| kucha loga karma-pravAha kI Adi mAnate haiM kintu yaha tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| aneka prazna isake sAtha utpanna hote haiN| yadi karma kI Adi hai to karma pravAha se pUrva jIva zuddha thA yA azuddha ? zuddha thA to karma se lipta kyoM huA? lipta hone kA kAraNa kyA thA ? zuddha AtmA saMsAra meM kaise rahA ? yadi kaheM ki karma AtmA se pUrva thA to prazna hogA ki usakA kartA kauna thA ? kartA ke abhAva meM karma kA astitva Tika nahIM sktaa| ina praznoM ke samAdhAna muzkila hai ata: jaina dRSTi se AtmA aura karma ke saMbaMdha ko apazcAnupUrvI svIkAra karanA hI tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| murgI aura aMDe meM prathama kauna? isa taraha ke praznoM kI Adi kA gaNita kisI ke pAsa nhiiN| usI prakAra karma aura AtmA kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi mAnanA hI nyAyocita hai| karma ke prakAra jIva apanI bhinna-bhinna kriyAoM ke dvArA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke karma- paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| AtmA ananta jJAna, darzana, Ananda aura zakti sampanna hai| usake ina svAbhAvika guNoM ke avAraka, avarodhaka, vikAraka tathA zubhAzubha saMyojaka karmoM ke ATha vibhAga kiye gaye- 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma 3. vedanIya karma 4. mohanIya karma 5. AyuSya karma 6. nAma karma 7. gotra karma 8. antarAya krm| 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma- jJAna aura viveka zakti ko AvRta karane vAlA karma jJAnAvaraNa hai| jaise bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko AvRtta kara dete haiM, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya AtmA kI jJAnAtmaka yA darzanAtmaka cetanA zakti ko prabhAvita karate haiM, use avarUddha karate haiN| jJAnAvaraNa ke pAMca prakAra haiN| ___1.mati jJAnAvaraNa- aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle karma pudgl| 2.zruta jJAnAvaraNa- bauddhika tathA Agama - jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle karma pudgl| 3.avadhi jJAnAvaraNa- sUkSma mUrta padArthoM ko jAnane vAlI atIndriya jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle karma pudgl| 160 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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4. manaH paryava jJAnAvaraNa- -dUsaroM ke vicAroM yA manobhAvoM ko jAnane kI atIndriya jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle karma pudgala / 5. kevala jJAnAvaraNa- mUrta, amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArthoM kA samagratA se bodha karane vAlI atIndriya jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle karma pudgala / vistAra kI dRSTi se kahIM-kahIM jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke dasa bheda bhI upalabdha hote haiM(1) zravaNa zakti kA abhaav| (2) zravaNa se upalabdha jJAna kI anupalabdhi / ( 3 ) dRSTi - zakti kA abhAva / (4) dRzya jJAna kI anuplbdhi| (5) gaMdha grahaNa zakti kA abhaav| (6) gaMdha sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi / (7) svAda grahaNa zakti kA abhaav| (8) svAda sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi / (9) sparza - kSamatA kA abhaav| (10) sparza sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi jJAnAvaraNa karma kI hetubhUta kriyAeM sthUlarUpa meM chaH prakAra kI haiM (1) jJAna - pratyanIkatA - jJAna yA jJAnI se pratikUlatA rkhnaa| (2) jJAna - nihnava - jJAna athavA jJAnadAtA kA apalapana karanA yAnI jJAnI ko kahanA ki vaha jJAnI yA viSaya kA marmajJa nahIM hai| (3) jJAnAntarAya - jJAna prApta karane meM antarAya ddaalnaa| (4) jJAna-pra - pradveSa - jJAna yA jJAnI se dveSa rakhanA / - visaMvAda- jJAna yA jJAnI ke vacanoM meM visaMvAda yAnI virodha dikhaanaa| (5) jJAna ( 6 ) jJAna - AzAtanA - jJAna athavA jJAnI kI AzAtanA karanA / kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 161

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2. darzanAvaraNIya sva-saMvedana ko darzana kahate haiN| darzana zakti meM bAdhaka karma - pudgala darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAte haiN| jJAna se pUrva hone vAlA vastu tattva kA nirvikalpa bodha - darzana kahalAtA hai| usakA AvAraka darzanAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma - baMdha kI bhUta kriyAeM jJAnAvaraNa karma ke samAna hI haiM / antara itanA hI hai ki unameM jJAna ke sthAna para darzana zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| darzanAvaraNa ke nau prakAra haiM 1. cakSu darzanAvaraNa- netra zakti kA avarodha | 2. acakSu darzanAvaraNa - netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI anubhava zakti kA avarodha | 3. avadhi darzanAvaraNa- atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi meM baadhaa| 4. kevala darzanAvaraNa- paripUrNa darzana kI upalabdhi meM vyavadhAna / 5. nidrA - sAmAnya nidrA (sahaja jAgRta hone vAlI nidrA) 6. nidrA-nidrA- gaharI nidrA, nIMda se jAganA kaThina 7. pracalA - baiThe-baiThe Ane vAlI nidrA / 8. pracalApracalA - calate-phirate Ane vAlI nidrA / 9. styAnarddhi - jisa nidrA meM bar3e-bar3e bala sAdhya kArya ho jAte haiN| 3. vedanIya anukUla - pratikUla viSayoM se utpanna sukha-duHkha rUpa meM jisakA anubhava ho, vaha vedanIya karma hai| yadyapi vedana sabhI karmoM kA hotA hai kintu sukha - duHkha kA vedana isI karma se hotA hai| isake do prakAra haiM - sAtavedanIya, asaatvedniiy| / sAtavedanIya karma - jisake pariNAma svarUpa sukha kI saMvedanA hotI hai| bhautika sukhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai / arthAt jo zArIrika aura mAnasika sukha kA hetu hai vahI sAtavedanIya karma kahalAtA hai| navapadArtha jJAnasAra meM sAtavedanIya karma baMdha kI hetubhUta dasa kriyAeM ullekhita hai- 79 162 0 pRthvI, pAnI Adi ke jIvoM para anukampA krnaa| 0 vanaspati, vRkSa, latAdi para anukampA karanA / ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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0 dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM para dayA krnaa| 0 paMcendriya pazuoM evaM manuSyoM para anukampA krnaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko kisI prakAra se duHkha na denaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko cintA evaM bhaya utpanna ho aisA kArya na krnaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko zokAkula nahIM bnaanaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko rudana nahIM kraanaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM maarnaa| 0 kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita nahIM kraanaa| karma graMtha meM sAtavedanIya karma ke baMdhana kA kAraNa gurUbhakti, kSamA, karUNA, vratapAlana, yoga-sAdhanA, kaSAya-vijaya, dAna aura dRr3hazraddhA mAnA gayA hai| tattvArtha sUtrakAra kA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai|81 asAta vedanIya karma- isa karma ke pariNAma svarUpa viSaya kI pratikUlatA evaM zArIrika-mAnasika duHkha prApta hotA hai| vedanIya karma ke hetubhUta kriyAeM bAraha prakAra kI haiM, jaise (1) prANa, bhUta-jIva satva ko duHkha denaa| (2) dIna bnaanaa| (3) zarIra ko hAni pahuMcAne vAlA zoka paidA krnaa| (4) rulaanaa| (5) lAThI Adi se prahAra krnaa| (6) paritApita krnaa| ye chaha kriyAeM maMdatA aura tIvratA ke AdhAra para bAraha prakAra kI ho jAtI haiN| isase viparIta sAta vedanIya karma bandha kI hetubhUta kriyAeM haiN| 4. mohanIya karma AtmA ko mUr3ha banAne vAle karma pudgala mohanIya karma kahalAte haiN| madirA sevana se jaise viveka zakti lupta ho jAtI hai vaise hI jina karma -pudgaloM se AtmA kI sat kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 163

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asat nirNAyaka zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai unheM mohanIya karma kahA jAtA hai| mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM- darzana-moha aura cAritra moh| 82 darzana moha ke punaH tIna prakAra haiMsamyaktva - mohanIya, mithyAtva - mohanIya aura mizramohanIyA 83 cAritra mohanIya ke kaSAya mohanIya aura no kaSAya mohanIya do vibhAga haiM 84 kaSAya mohanIya ke mUlata: cAra prakAra haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobh| pratyeka ke puna: cAra - cAra prakAra haiN| 85 isa prakAra kula 16 prakAra ho jAte haiN| ___ no kaSAya krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke uttejaka haiN| unake upajIvI haiN| kaSAyoM ke sahacara hone se inheM no kaSAya kahA jAtA hai| no kaSAya ke 9 prakAra haiM- 1. hAsya, 2. rati, 3. arati, 4. bhaya, 5. zoka, 6. jugupsA, 7. strIveda, 8. purUSaveda, 9.npuNskved| saMkSepa meM mohanIya karma ke bheda - prabheda nimnAnusAra haiM mohanIya karma darzana mohanIya cAritra mohanIya samyaktva moha mithyAtva moha mizra moha kaSAya moha no kaSAya moha anantAnubaMdhI apratyAkhyAnI pratyAkhyAnI saMjvalana krodha mAna mAyA lobha krodha mAna mAyA lobha krodha mAna mAyA lobha krodha mAna mAyA lobha hAsya rati arati bhaya zoka jugupsA strIveda purUSaveda napuMsakaveda 5. AyuSya ___ yaha jIva ko kisI janma vizeSa meM niyata samaya taka banAye rakhatA hai| ghar3I meM maryAdita kAla ke liye cAbI bharI rahatI hai| maryAdA pUrNa hone para ghar3I kI gati baMda ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra manuSya, tiryaJca Adi yoniyoM meM niyatakAla taka jIva kI avasthiti rahatI hai| vaha avadhi pUrNa hone para mRtyu ho jAtI hai aura nayA janma hotA hai| AyuSya karma ke kAraNa hI janma - maraNa kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| yaha karma kArAgAra, kaida yA khor3e ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra khor3e meM diyA gayA vyakti niyata samaya se pahale kArAgAra se mukta nahIM ho sakatA usI prakAra isa Ayukarma ke kAraNa jIva nizcita samaya taka eka zarIra se baMdhA rahatA haiN| 164 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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Ayukarma ko bhogane ke hetubhUta cAra kriyAeM 1. narakAyu- naraka gati meM Tike rahane ke nimitta karma - pudgala kI kriyAeM / 2. tiryaJcAyu - tiryaJca gati meM Tike rahane ke nimitta karma - pudgala kI kriyaaeN| 3. manuSyAyu- manuSya gati meM Tike rahane ke nimitta karma - pudgala kI kriyaaeN| 4. devAyu - deva - gati meM Tike rahane ke nimitta karma - pudgala kI kriyaaeN| Ayu baMdha kI hetubhUta kriyAoM kA vivecana caturtha adhyAya meM draSTavya hai| 6. nAmakarma jIvana yApana ke lie kAma meM Ane vAlI vividha sAmagrI kI upalabdhi ke hetubhUta karma - pudgala ko nAmakarma kahate haiN|" isa karma kI tulanA citrakAra se kI jAtI hai| citrakAra apanI kalpanA se nAnA prakAra ke citra banAtA hai vaise hI nAma karma nAraka, tiryaJzca, mAnava aura deva yoni ke anukUla zarIra aMgopAMga, indriya, yaza - apayaza Adi prApti kA hetu hai| 7 nAma karma ke do prakAra haiM- ( 1 ) zubha nAmakarma aura (2) azubha nAmakarma / " inake uttara bheda bayAlIsa haiN| unakA vivecana nimnAnusAra haiM. 1. gatinAma - janma sambandhI vividhatA kA nimitta karma / (i) naraka gatinAma (iii) manuSya gati - nAma 2. jAti nAma karma - indriya racanA ke nimitta karma pudgl| isake pAMca upabheda haiM (i) ekendriya jAtinAma (iii) trIndriya jAtinAma (ii) dvIndriya jAtinAma (iv) caturindriya jAtinAma (v) paMcendriya jAtinAma (ii) tiryaJca gati - nAma (iv) devagati - nAma 3. zarIra nAma - audArika Adi zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAlA karma (i) audArika zarIra nAma (ii) vaikriya zarIra - nAma (iv) taijasa zarIra - nAma (iii) AhAraka zarIra - nAma (v) kArmaNa zarIra - nAma - 4. zarIra - aMgopAMga nAma - zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke nimittabhUta karma kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta (i) audArika zarIra aMgopAMga nAma (ii) vaikriya zarIra aMgopAMga nAma (iii) AhAraka zarIra aMgopAMga nAma - pudgala / 165

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taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra ke avayava nahIM hote| 5. zarIra baMdhana nAma-karma-pahale grahaNa kiye hue aura vartamAna meM grahaNa kiye jAne vAle zarIra-pudgaloM ke pArasparika sambandha kA hetu-bhUta karma - (i) audArika zarIra baMdhana-nAma (ii) vaikriya zarIra baMdhana-nAma (iii) AhAraka zarIra baMdhana-nAma (iv) taijasa zarIra baMdhana-nAma (v) kArmaNa zarIra baMdhana-nAma karma-graMtha meM zarIra baMdhana-nAma karma ke 15 bheda- ye nimna likhita haiM(1) audArika-audArika baMdhana nAma (2) audArika-taijasa baMdhana nAma (3) audArika-kArmaNa baMdhana nAma vaikriya-vaikriya baMdhana nAma vaikriya-taijasa baMdhana nAma (6) vaikriya-kArmaNa baMdhana nAma (7) AhAraka-AhAraka baMdhana nAma (8) AhAraka-taijasa baMdhana nAma (9) AhAraka-kArmaNa baMdhana nAma (10) audArika-taijasa kArmaNa nAma (11) vaikriya-taijasa kArmaNa nAma (12) AhAraka-taijasa kArmaNa nAma (13) taijasa-taijasa kArmaNa baMdhana nAma (14) taijasa-kArmaNa baMdhana nAma (15) kArmaNa-kArmaNa baMdhana nAma audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka ye tIna zarIra paraspara virodhI hai| isalie inake pudgaloM kA Apasa meM sambandha nahIM hotaa| 6. zarIra saMghAtana nAma-karma- zarIra ke gRhIta aura gRhyamANa pudgaloM kI yathocita vyavasthA yA saMghAta ke nimitta krm-pudgl| (1) audArika zarIra saMghAtana-nAma (2) vaikriya zarIra saMghAtana-nAma 166 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(3) AhAraka zarIra saMghAtana - nAma (4) taijasa zarIra saMghAtana - nAma (5) kArmaNa zarIra saMghAtana - nAma 7. saMhanana nAma karma - isake udaya se haDDiyoM kI vyavasthA para prabhAva par3atA haiN| (1) vajraRSabha nArAca saMhanana - nAma ( 2 ) RSabha nArAca saMhanana-na -nAma - ( 3 ) nArAca saMhanana - nAma (5) sevArta saMhanana - nAma 8. saMsthAna nAma - karma - isake udaya kA prabhAva zarIra kI AkRti - racanA para par3atA hai, isake hetubhUta karma pudgala isa prakAra haiM (1) samacaturasra saMsthAna (2) nyagrodha - parimaMDala saMsthAna (3) sAdi saMsthAna (4) vAmana saMsthAna (5) kubja saMsthAna (6) huMDaka saMsthAna 9. varNa nAma karma - isa karma ke udaya se (1) kRSNa varNa nAma - kAlA (3) nIla varNa nAma-nIlA (5) lohita varNanAma - lAla (4) ardha nArAca saMhanana - nAma (6) kIlikA saMhanana - nAma kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta zarIra ke raMga para prabhAva par3atA haiN| (2) hAridra varNanAma - pIlA (4) zveta varNanAma - sapheda 10. gaMdha nAma karma - isa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke gaMdha para prabhAva par3atA haiN| (2) durabhi gaMdha-nAma (1) surabhi gaMdha-nAma 11. rasa nAma - karma - isa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke rasa para prabhAva par3atA hai| (1) tikta rasa - tIkhA (3) kaSAya rasa- kasailA (5) madhura rasa - mIThA (2) kaTu rasa- kar3avA (4) amla rasa - khaTTA 12. sparza nAma - karma- isa karma ke udaya kA zarIra ke sparza para prabhAva par3atA haiN| (1) karkaza sparza - kaThora ( 3 ) gurU sparza - bhArI (2) mRdu sparza - komala (4) laghu sparza - halkA 167

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(5) nigdha sparza-cikanA (6) rUkSa sparza-rUkhA (7) zIta sparza- ThaMDA (8) uSNa sparza- garama 13. agurU-laghu nAma-karma- isake udaya se zarIra na sambhala sake, vaisA bhArI bhI nahIM, aura havA meM ur3a jAye, vaisA halkA bhI nahIM hotaa| 14. upAghAta nAma-karma- isa karma ke udaya se vikRta bane hue apane hI avayavoM se jIva kleza pAtA hai, Atma-hatyA karatA haiN| 15. parAghAta nAma-karma- isake udaya se jIva pratipakSI aura prativAdI dvArA aparAjeya hotA haiN| 16. AnupUrvI nAma-karma-vizreNI-sthita janma - sthAna kA hetubhUta karma - (i) naraka AnupUrvI nAma (iii) tiryaJca AnupUrvI nAma (ii) manuSya AnupUrvI nAma (iv) deva AnupUrvI nAma 17. ucchvAsa nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva zvAsa - ucchvAsa letA haiN| 18. AtapanAma- isa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM se uSNa prakAza nikalatA haiN|89 19. udyota nAma-karma- isake udaya se zarIra se zIta prakAza nikalatA haideg0 20. vihAyogati nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva kI cAla para prabhAva par3atA haiN| (i) prazasta vihAyogati - acchI cAla (ii) aprazasta vihAyogati - kharAba cAla 21. trasa nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva (icchApUrvaka gati karane vAle) hote haiM 22. sthAvara nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva sthira (icchApUrvaka gati nahIM karane vAle) hote haiN| 23. sUkSma nAma karma- isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko sUkSma (atIndriya)zarIra milatA hai| 24. bAdara nAma-karma- isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko sthUla zarIra milatA haiN| 25. paryApta nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva svayogya paryAptiyAM pUrNa karate haiN| 26. aparyApta nAma karma- isake udaya se jIva svayogya paryAptiyAM pUrNa nahIM krte| 168 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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27. sAdhAraNa zarIra nAma karma- isake udaya se jIvoM ko eka zarIra milatA haiN| 28. pratyeka zarIra nAma karma- isake udaya se pratyeka jIva ko apanA svataMtra zarIra milatA haiN| 29. sthira nAma- isake udaya se zarIra ke avayava sthira hote haiM 30. asthira nAma- isake udaya se zarIra ke avayava asthira hote haiN| 31. zubha nAma- isake udaya se nAbhi ke Upara ke avayava zubha hote haiN| 32. azubha nAma- isake udaya se nAbhi ke nIce ke avayava azubha hote haiN| 33. subhaga nAma-isake udaya se kisI prakAra kA upakAra kiye binA va sambandha ke binA bhI jIva dUsaroM ko priya lagate haiN| 34. durbhaga nAma- isake udaya se upakAraka va sambandhI bhI apriya lagate haiN| 35. susvara nAma- isake udaya se jIva kA svara prItikAraka hotA haiN| 36. duHsvara nAma- isake udaya se jIva kA svara aprItikAraka hotA haiN| 37. Adeya nAma- isake udaya se jIva kA vacana yuktipUrNa na hote hue bhI mAnya hotA haiN| 38. anAdeya nAma- isake udaya se jIva kA vacana yuktipUrNa hote hue bhI amAnya hotA haiN| 39. yaza kIrti nAma- yaza aura kIrti ke hetubhUta karma pudgl| 40. ayaza kIrti nAma- ayaza aura akIrti ke hetubhUta karma - pudgl| 41. nirmANa nAma- avayavoM ke vyavasthita nirmANa ke hetubhUta karma pudgl| 42. tIrthaMkara nAma- tIrthaMkara - pada kI prApti kA nimittabhUta krm| tIrthaMkaratva - pada kI prApti ke hetubhUta arihanta kI ArAdhanA, siddha kI ArAdhanA Adi bIsa kAraNa haiN| prajJApanA va gommaTasAra2 meM nAma karma ke 93 bhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai aura karma - vipAka meM baMdhana nAma karma ke pandraha bheda mAnakara nAma karma kI hetubhUta 103 kriyAeM nirdiSTa haiN|3| jainAgamoM ke anusAra zubha nAmakarma bandha kI hetubhUta kriyAeM cAra haiN| 1. kAyika RjutA- dUsaroM ko Thagane vAlI zArIrika ceSTA na krnaa| 2. bhAva RjutA- dUsaroM ko ThaganevAlI mAnasika ceSTA na krnaa| 3. bhASA RjutA- dUsaroM ko ThaganevAlI vAcika ceSTA na krnaa| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 169

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4. avisaMvAdana yoga- kathanI aura karanI meM visaMvAdana na karanA / azubha nAma karma ke baMdhana kI hetubhUta kriyAeM aura usake pariNAma svarUpa prApta hone vAlI pratikUlatAeM zubha nAma karma kI hetubhUta kriyA aura pariNAma se prApta hone bAlI anukuultaaeN| - 7. gotrakarma 95 jisa karma ke pariNAma svarUpa jIva kI utpatti ucca, nIca, pUjya - apUjya gotra, kula, vaMza Adi meM ho, vaha gotra karma haiN| 94 AcArya umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM - uccagotra karma deza, gati, kula, sthAna, mAna, satkAra, aizvarya ityAdi viSayaka utkarSa kA sampAdaka hai| isake viparIta paridhi, naTa, vyAdha, dAsa Adi kA nivartaka haiN| " isa karma ko kumhAra kI upamA dI jAtI hai| kumhAra aneka prakAra ke ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai| unameM kucha aise hote haiM jinheM loga kalaza mAnakara akSata, caMdana Adi se arcA karate haiN| kucha madirA Adi rakhane meM prayukta karate haiN| usI prakAra jIva jisa karma se zlAghya evaM azlAghya kula meM utpanna hotA hai, vaha gotra karma hai| gotra karma baMdha kI hetubhUta kriyAeM 8 prakAra kI hai - 1. jAti 2. kula 3. bala 4. rUpa 5. tapa 6. zruta (jJAna) 7. lAbha aura 8. aishvry| isa karma ke do prakAra haiM- uccagotra, nIcagotra 971 170 1. ucca gotra karma - isa karma ke udaya se prANI pratiSThita kula meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| 2. nIca gotra karma - isa karma ke pariNAma svarUpa prANI kA janma apratiSThita evaM asaMskArI kula Adi meM hotA hai| "ucca evaM nIca gotra karma ke AThaATha prakAra haiM jAti kula aizvarya ucca (gotrakarma) bala rUpa lAbha nitlv ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(i) jAti gotra- mAtR pakSIya viziSTatA ke sadbhAva abhAva kA hetubhUta krm| (ii) kula gotra-pitRpakSIya viziSTatA ke hetubhUta karma sadbhAva abhAva kA hetubhUta km| (iii) bala gotra- bala kI viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| (iv) rUpa gotra-rUpa viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| (v) tapa gotra- tapa viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| (vi) zruta gotra- zruta viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| (vii) lAbha gotra- lAbha viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| (viii) aizvarya gotra- aizvarya viziSTatA yA aviziSTatA-vihInatA kA hetubhUta krm| nAma aura gotra karma kA saMbaMdha zArIrika aura mAnasika racanA evaM unakI viziSTatA se hai| zarIra kA zubhatva-azubhatva, ucca aura nimnatA mAnasika sukha-duHkha kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai| prazna ho sakatA hai- nAma karma se zubha-azubha zarIra kI prApti hotI hai| gotra karma se uccatA nIcatA milatI hai| zubha aura ucca zarIra,azubha aura nIca zarIra meM antara kyA hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki nAma karma kA sambandha una zArIrika guNoM se haiM jo jinakA sambandha kula, vaMza vizeSa se nahIM jabaki gotra karma kA sambandha una zArIrika guNoM se hai jo kula, vaMza se sambandhita haiM aura vaMzAnukrama se prApta hote haiN| 8. antarAyakarma jisa karma ke udaya se vIrya yA zakti prApta hotI hai vaha antarAya karma kahalAtA hai| athavA lena-dena tathA eka - aneka bAra upabhoga aura sAmarthya prApta karane meM jo karma avarodha upasthita karatA hai, vaha antarAya karma hai|100 antarAya karma bhaMDArI ke samAna hai| rAjA kA Adeza prApta hone para bhI bhaMDArI kI icchA ke binA dAna prApta nahIM hotaa| vaise hI antarAya karma dAnAdi meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai|101 antarAya karma ke pAMca prakAra haiN| (i) dAnAntarAya karma- dAna ke lie anukUla sAmagrI ho, uttama pAtra bhI ho, saba kucha suvidhA hone para bhI isa karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva dAna nahIM de sktaa| kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 171

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(ii) lAbha antarAya karma- isa karma ke udaya se udAra dAtA kI upasthiti, deya vastu, yAcanA meM kuzala hone para bhI dAna kA lAbha prApta nahIM ho sakatA / arthAt sArI anukUlatAoM ke rahane para bhI jisake kAraNa abhISTa vastu kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, lAbhAntarAya karma hai| vaha (ii) bhoga antarAya karma - jisa vastu kA eka bAra hI bhoga saMbhava hai, vaha bhoga kahalAtI hai| jaise azana, pAna, khAdya, peya padArtha, phala - phUla Adi / isa karma ke udaya se bhogya padArtha ko sAmane hone para tathA tyAga pratyAkhyAna ke abhAva meM tIvra icchA hone para bhI bhoga nahIM sktaa| udAharaNa ke lie- zugara kI bImArI meM miThAI Adi nahIM khA skte| peTa kI kharAbI ke kAraNa sarasa bhojana taiyAra hone para bhI khAnA saMbhava nahIM ho paataa| (iv) upabhoga antarAya karma - jisa vastu kA bAra- bAra bhoga saMbhava ho vaha upabhoga kahalAtI hai| jaise ; makAna, vastra, AbhUSaNa aadi| upabhoga sAmagrI upalabdha hone para bhI isa karma ke udaya se bhoge nahIM jA skte| (v) vIrya antarAya karma - samartha ho, roga rahita yuvA ho, phira bhI isa karma ke udaya se sAmarthya prakaTa nahIM kara sakatA tathA isake prabhAva se jIva ke utthAna, karma, bala, aura parAkrama evaM purUSArtha kSINa ho jAte haiN| ukta pAMca bhedoM ke atirikta ThANAMga sUtra meM antarAya karma ke do naye prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai-102 (i) pratyutpanna vinAzita antarAya karma-jisake udaya se prApta vastu kA vinAza ho jAtA hai arthAt isakA kArya hai, vartamAna meM prApta vastu ko vinaSTa karanA, upahRta karanA / (ii) pidhatte AgAmi patha - bhaviSya meM prApta hone vAlI vastu kI prApti kA avarodhakA antarAya karma ke sambandha meM eka avadhAraNA yaha bhI pracalita hai ki kisI bhI vastu kI upalabdhi meM bAhya vighnoM kA upasthita honA / prazna ho sakatA hai ki kyA antarAya karma kA sambandha bAhya - -padArthoM kI aprApti se hai ? samAdhAna diyA gayA karma graMtha kI TIkA meM antarAya kA artha vighna kiyA hai| jisase dAnAdi labdhiyAM vinaSTa hotI hai use vighna kahate haiM / labdhi kA artha sAmarthya hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 172

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dAna, lAbha Adi zaktiyoM kA hrAsa jisase ho, vaha antarAya karma hai| vastuta: bAhya vastu kI prApti-aprApti kA karma se sIdhA sambandha nahIM haiN| karma kA udaya-kSayopazama hone para bhI bAhya vastu kI upalabdhi-anupalabdhi anivArya nahIM hai| ye paristhiti kI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA meM hetu banate hai| vastutaH inakA saMbaMdha Antarika zaktiyoM ke hanana yA prakaTIkaraNa se haiN| antarAya karma kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti 30 koTAkoTI sAgaropama kI haiN|103 uparyukta karma-baMdhana kI hetubhUta kriyAoM kI saMkSipta jhalaka nimnAMkita citroM dvArA bhI saralatA se samajhI jA sakatI hai ATha karma (1) prokhImAna baparAsI ke samAna dAnavaralIva karma vebanIya-karma madhulipta khaDga kIdhAra ke samAna mohanIya- sAmAnamAna gora-karma ra samAna rantarAya-barma maa ke samAna ATha karma (2) kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 173

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ATha karmoM ke kathana, krama nirdhAraNa Adi, zvetAmbara Agama graMtha, paMca - saMgraha kI TIkA, karma vipAka kI TIkA, jaya somasUrikRta TabbA, jIvavijayakRta bAlAvabodha Adi meM upalabdha haiN| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM meM jo anukrama hai, sarvatra eka sA hai, kahIM bhI vyutkrama nahIM dekhA jaataa| karmoM kI krama vyavasthA jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| upayoga jJAna-darzana rUpa hai| donoM meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai| kAraNa, kisI bhI labdhi yA mokSa kI prApti jJAnopayoga meM hI hotI hai| ataH jJAna kA AvaraNa bhUta karma jJAnAvaraNa hai| darzana kI pravRtti jJAna ke anantara hotI hai isaliye dUsare naMbara para darzanAvaraNa karma hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa ke tIvra udaya yA kSayopazama se jIva ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, jise vedanIya karma kahA gayA hai| sukha - duHkhAnubhUti ke sAtha rAga-dveSa kI pariNati avazyaMbhAvI hai, ataH vedanIya ke pazcAt mohakarma kA ullekha hai| mohagrasta jIva AraMbha - parigraha Adi anuSThAnoM se zubhAzubha AyuSya karma kA baMdhana karatA hai| isaliye mohanIya ke pazcAt AyuSya kA krama rakhA gayA hai| Ayu bhoga ke sAtha gati aura jAti kI prApti jur3I huI hai / ataH AyuSya ke pazcAt nAma aura gotra kA ullekha milatA hai| ucca gotra meM dAnAntarAya Adi kA kSayopazama tathA nIca gotra meM udaya rahatA hai| isa Azaya kI spaSTatA ke liye gotra ke bAda antarAya kA sthAna hai| isake sAtha hI eka prazna yaha bhI uThatA hai ki antarAya karma ghAti hai phira bhI aghAti karma ke pazcAt kyoM rakhA gayA hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki antarAya karma ghAtI avazya hai, kintu ghAtI karmoM kI taraha AtmA ke guNoM kI sarvathA ghAta nahIM karatA tathA usakA udaya, nAma Adi aghAtI karmoM ke nimitta se hotA hai, isase viparIta vedanIya karma aghAtI hote hue bhI usakA sthAna ghAtI karmoM ke bIca meM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha ghAtI karma kI taraha mohanIya karma bala se jIva ke guNa kA ghAta karatA hai| isa prakAra ATha karmoM ke krama nirdhAraNa ke kucha nizcita kAraNa rahe haiN| karma ke saMkSepa meM do prakAra haiM- ghAtI aura aghAtI / pIche ghAta karma- jo karma AtmA ke sAtha saMpRkta hokara usake svAbhAvika guNoM ko hAni pahuMcAte haiM, unheM ghAtI karma kahate haiN| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra ghAtI karma haiN| 104 174 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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aghAtI karma- AtmA ke mUla guNoM ko hAni nahIM pahuMcAne vAle kintu zubhAzubha kA saMyoga karAne vAle vedanIya, nAma, gotra, AyuSya- ye cAra aghAtI karma haiN| AtmA kI svAbhAvika dazA meM vikRti utpanna karanA, usake nijI guNoM kI ghAta karanA, ghAtI karmoM kA kArya hai| ghAtI karmoM meM pramukha mohanIya karma hai| karma baMdha kA mUlabIja yahI eka karma hai| aghAtI karma ghAtI karma ke sahayogI haiN| ata: moha ke parAbhUta hone para zeSa karmoM kA bhI mUloccheda ho jAtA hai| aghAtI karma dagdha bIja ke samAna hai jinameM nayA utpAdana karane kI kSamatA nahIM haiN| samaya - paripAka ke sAtha apanA phala dekara alaga ho jAte haiN| ye Atma - guNoM ke bAdhaka nahIM hai| ghAtI karma kI 45 prakRtiyAM bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtI hai| dezaghAtI aura srvghaatii| sarvaghAtI karma prakRti jahAM Atma- guNoM ko samagratA se AvRta yA prabhAvita karatI haiM vahAM dezaghAtI usake ekAMza ko| anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya, samyaktva, apratyAkhyAnI,kaSAya - dezavartI cAritra, pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya - sarvavratI cAritra, tathA 5 prakAra kI nidrA, AtmA kI sahaja satyAnubhUti, anantajJAna, anantadarzana ye bIsa prakAra kI prakRtiyAM sarvaghAtI haiN| zeSa jJAnAvaraNa kI 4, darzanAvaraNa kI 3, mohanIya kI 13, antarAya kI pAMca, 4 + 3 + 13 + 5 = 25 karma prakRtiyAM deza ghAtI haiN| sarvaghAtI AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa kI avarodhaka haiM kintu astitva kA vinAza nahIM krtii| astitva kA nAza ho jAye to AtmA aura jar3a kA bheda samApta ho jaayegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki karmoM ke dvArA jJAnAdi guNoM ke AvRtta hone para bhI unakA nyUnatama vikAsa to sabhI jIvoM meM rahatA hI hai| niSkarSa __ karma siddhAMta atIta kI kriyAoM kA lekhA jokhA prastuta karane ke sAtha - sAtha vartamAna kI kriyAoM kI dizA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| isake sAtha hI bhaviSyakAlIna kriyAoM ke lie bhI dizAsUcaka yantra kA kArya karatA hai| vyakti vArtamAnika du:khada jIvana kI hetubhUta kriyAoM ke prati sAvadhAna banatA hai aura bhaviSya ko sukhada aura zAMtipUrNa banAne ke lie saMkalpita hotA hai| isa prakAra karma siddhAMta kI AcAra aura vyavahAra ke nirdhAraNa meM ahama bhUmikA rahatI hai| karma siddhAMta ke AdhAra para hI vyakti meM naitika-niSThA jAgRta ho sakatI hai| spaSTa hai ki karma - siddhAMta ke anusAra vArtamAnika mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika karma atItakAlIna karmoM se prabhAvita hote haiM aura anAgata ko prabhAvita karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale ke abhimata kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 175

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se bhI- atItakAla vartamAna vyaktitva kA evaM vartamAna bhaviSya ke vyaktitva kA ghaTaka hai|105 koI bhI acchA-burA karma niSphala nahIM hotaa| jaina tattva jJAna ke anusAra puNya karma ve zubha paramANu haiM jo zubha pravRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hote haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha-adhyavasAya zubha vicAroM evaM kriyAoM ke preraka hote haiM tathA,zArIrika mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika anukUlatAeM pradAna karate haiN| vaijJAnika jagat meM tathyoM, ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA meM jo sthAna-kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta kA hai vahI sthAna AcAra evaM vyaktitva kI vyAkhyA meM karmoM kA hai| pro. hiriyannA ke anusAra karma siddhAMta kA Azaya yahI hai ki naitika jagat meM bhI bhautika jagat kI bhAMti paryApta kAraNa ke binA kucha ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA svayaM karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| jainAgama bhagavatI meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki AtmA svakRta sukha-duHkha kA bhoga karatA hai| parakRta sukha-duHkha kA bhoga nahIM krtaa|106 karma sUkSma tattva hai| sUkSma tattva ko samajhane ke lie lezyA, kaSAya aura adhyavasAya ko samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| adhyavasAya karma baMdha kA kAraNa hai isalie mana, vacana, kriyA zUnya asaMjJI jIvoM ke bhI karma baMdhana hotA rahatA hai| lezyA adhyavasAya kA hetu hai| kaSAya karmoM kA saMzleSaka hai| isa saMzleSaka ke kAraNa hI karma baMdha kI do avasthAeM banatI haiN| 107 sakaSAya avasthA meM sAmparAyika aura niSkaSAya avasthA meM IryApathika kA baMdha hotA hai| lezyA aura yoga kA bhI avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| yoga kA nirodha hone para lezyA kI parisamApti ho jAtI hai| lezyA jaba azubha se zubha banatI hai to karma se akarma kI ora prasthAna hotA hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. sUtrakRtAMga, zru.1, a.15 kI TIkA - bhAvo antaHkaraNasya prvRttivishessH| 2. bhAvazcittAbhiprAyaH 3. AcArAMga, zru.1, a.8/6 kI TIkA 4. samayasAra, 271 5. prajJApanA, 17/4/1 uvAMga suttANi khaNDa ; 2 pR. 221 6. uttarAdhyayana; 34/2 7. prAkRta paMca saMgraha ;1-142 176 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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8. dhavalA, pu 1; pR. 150 9. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 481 10. tattvArthavArtika ; 2/6/8 11. paMcAstikAya jayasenAcArya kRta vRtti ; 140 12. sthAnAMga abhayadevakRta vRtti; 51 pR. 31 13. dhyAna-zataka haribhadrIyAvRtti; 14 14. mUlArAdhanA ; 7/1907 15. uttarAdhyayana, vRhad vRtti patra; 650 16. vahI, 650 17. vahI, 651 18. anuyogadvAra, sUtra 127 pR. 111 19. uttarAdhyayana 34 TIkA ; 650 20. aMguttara nikAya; 6-6-3 bhAga 3 pR. 93 21. dIrghanikAya; 1/2 pR. 19-20 22. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva ; 280/34/47 23. pAtaMjala yogasUtra ; 4/7 - karmAzuklAkRSNaM yoginastrividhamitareSAm 24. (ka) uddhRta zravaNabelagolA citrAvalI meM 24. (kha) citta aura mana pR. 50 25. citta aura mana, pR. 52 25. (ka) citta aura mana pR., 50 26. S.G.J. Ouseley, Colour Meditation, page 23 26. (ka) citta aura mana, pR. 50 27. cintana ke vividha AyAma meM ; pR.36 - 49 27. (ka) cintana ke vividha AyAma meM ; pR.36 - 49 28. AbhAmaNDala; pR. 57-58 29. naMdI cUrNi; gAthA - 4 30. uttarAdhyana niyukti; gA. 34/535-38 pR. 650 31. uttarAdhyayana; 34/27,28,29,30,31,32 32. navapadArtha puNya r3hAla se uddhRta kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 177

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33. uttarAdhyayana; 21/24 34. sarvArthasidhdi ; 6/3 kI TIkA 35. samayasAra; 3.146 36. (ka) pAtaMjala yoga, 2/13 36. (kha) pAtaMjala yoga, 2/14 tehlaadpritaapphlaa:punnyaapunnyhetutvaat|| 37. pAtaMjala yoga, 2/14 38. (ka) paramAtma prakAza 2.63, navapadArtha; pR. 248 38. (kha) navapadArtha puNyar3hAla; 52/59 39. navatatvaH Adhunika saMdarbha; pR.18 40. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya; gA. 2005 41. paramAtma prakAza vRtti; 57/58 42. paramAtma prakAza; 2/60 43. sUtrakRtAMga; 1/12/15 na kammuNA kamma khati bAlA, akummaNA kamma khaveMti dhiiraa| 44. darzana aura cintana; khaNDa 2 pR. 226 45. kundakundAcArya, uddhRta navapadArtha, pR. 153 46. prazamarati prakaraNa ;gAthA, 219 47. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti; 2/5 48. sthAnAMga vRtti; 9 49. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/7 50. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti; 1/6 51. samayasAra; 3/146-147 52. pAtaMjala yoga; 2/13 sati mUle tadvipAko jaatyaayubhogaa| 53. (ka) paMcAstikAya; 2/108 53. (kha) navapadArtha, puNyapadArtha DhAla 2, pR. 201 54. (ka) sAgara dharmAmRta; 5/45 54. (kha) paMcasaMgraha prAkRta, 453-455 54. (ga) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 334 55. bhagavatI zataka; 7/1/2 56. abhidhAna rAjendra koza, khaNDa 53; pR.876 57. dravya-saMgraha; 38 178 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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58. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga-1 pR.480 59. ThANaM; 2/1 60. dhavalA; 7/2, 1/49,91/7 61. naMdI sUtra; 71 62. darzana; 2/4 - avidyA kSetramuttareSAM prsupttnuvicchinnodaaraannaam| 63. Studies in Jain Philosophy, Page 259-260 64. navapadArtha, Azrava padArtha r3hAla (1) gA. 69 65. (ka) triSaSTizalAkA-puruSa-caritram parva ; sarga - 9 65. (kha) ThANAMga, pR. 1000 65. (ga) citta aura mana, 97 66. (ka) AcArAMga bhASya, pR. 25 66. (kha) jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4,1 -Atmana: sadasatpravRtyA'kRSTastataprAyogyapudgalA: krmH| 67. bhAratIya darzana; pR 12 68. jaina dharma darzana; pR. 442 69. SaTkhaNDAgama,bhAga; 6. pR.18 70. aSTAdhyAyI; 1/4/49, kartRrIpsitatamaM krm| 71. bauddha-darzana va anya bhAratIya darzana; pR. 463 72. tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 6/1/7/504/26, uddhRta -karma vijJAna 73. brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya; 2/1/14 74. sAMkhyakArikA, sAMkhyatattva-kaumudI 75. zAbara bhASya; 2/1/5 76. nyAya bhASya; 1/1/2, nyAyasUtra; 1/1/7,4/1/3.9, nyAya maMjarI; pR.471 77. abhidharmakoSa; pariccheda,4 78. nyAya maMjarI; pR.472 79. nava padArtha jJAnasAra; 237 80. karmagraMtha; 1/55 81. nyAya tattvArtha; 6/13 82. (ka) sthAnAMga; 2/427 (kha) uttarAdhyayana; 33/8 83. uttarAdhyayana; 33/9, (kha) prajJApanA; 23/2 84. karmagraMtha bhAga; 1/16 kriyA aura karma - siddhAMta 179

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85. uttarAdhyayana; 33/11 86. prajJApanA ; 23/1/288 TIkA 87. sthAnAMga ; 2/4/105 TIkA, (kha) navatattva prakaraNam ; 74 88. uttarAdhyayana; 33/13 89. prastuta karma kA udaya sUrya - maNDala ke ekendriya jIvoM meM hotA haiN| unakA zarIra zIta hotA hai para prakAza uSNa hotA haiN| 90. deva ke uttara vaikriya zarIra meM se, va labdhidhArI muni ke vaikriya zarIra se tathA cAMda, nakSatra, ___tArAgaNoM se nikalane vAlA zIta prkaash| 91. prajJApanA; 23/2/293 92. gommaTasAra; (karma kANDa) 22 93. karma vipAka; pR. 58,105 94. prajJApanA; 23/1/288 TIkA 95. tattvArtha sUtra; 8/13 bhASya 96. ThANaM; 2/4/105 TIkA 97. uttarAdhyayana; 33/14 - goyaM kammaM tu duvihaM, ucca niyaM ca aahiyN| 98. uttarAdhyayana; 33/14 uccaM aTThavihaM hoI evaM nIyaM pi aahiyN| 99. prajJApanA ; 23/1/292, 29/2/293 100. paMcAdhyAyI; 2/1007 101. ThANaM; 2/4/105 TIkA, (kha) uttarAdhyayana; 33/15 dANe lAbhe ya bhoge ya, uvabhoge vIrie thaa| paMcavihamantarAyaM, samAseNa viyaahiy|| 102. sthAnAMga; 2/431 103. uttarAdhyayana; 33/19 104. gommaTasAra ; (karma kANDa) 9 105. ethIkala sTaDIja; pR. 53 106. bhagavatI; 1/2/54 107. tattvArtha sUtra; 6/5 180 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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caturtha adhyAya kriyA aura punarjanma kriyA aura punarjanma kA avicchinna sambandha hai| isI sambandha ko jAnane ke liye kriyAvAda kA vikAsa huaa| jaina darzana ke AdhAra staMbha AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyAvAda Adi hai| AtmA kA astitva hai, vaha kriyA karatI hai aura usase karma baMdha hotA hai| karma hai to usakA phala bhI hai| phalabhoga ke lie janma bhI anivArya hai| janma se pUrva bhI jIvana thA mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaha rhegaa| vartamAna jIvana usakI madhyavartI kar3I hai| jisakA madhya hai, usakA pUrvApara bhI nizcita hI hogaa| AcArAMga meM kahA hai- 'jassa natthi purA-pacchA, majjha tassa kao siyaa|' (ka) AcArAMga bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ina donoM kA astitva hone para hI vartamAna janma kA astitva ho sakatA hai| yaha pUrvApara zrRMkhalA hI punarjanma kA siddhAMta hai| bhAratIya darzana kA adhyayana isa tathya ko pramANita karatA hai ki cArvAka darzana ke atirikta zeSa sabhI darzanoM ne karmavAda kI taraha punarjanma ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAratIya ciMtana meM AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM vikasita huii| eka vaha jo AtmA ke traikAlika astitva ko mAnya karatI hai| dUsarI vaha, jo AtmA ke astitva ko vartamAnakAlika yA kSaNika hI mAnatI hai| inheM kramazaH kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| kriyAvAdiyoM ne AtmA ke astitva ko pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM se siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA tathA punarjanma kI usI saMdarbha meM prastuti dI hai| sarvasammata tathya yaha hai ki zubhAzubha kRta karmoM kA phala pratyeka prANI ko bhoganA paDatA hai| (kha) kucha karmoM ke phala vartamAna-jIvana sApekSa haiM to kucha karmoM ke phala-bhoga ke liye kriyA aura punarjanma 181

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nayA janma lenA par3atA hai, yahI tathya punarjanma kA mUlAdhAra hai| 2 pUrva paryAya meM jo AtmA hai, vahI uttara paryAya meM hotI hai| ' AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hotA, kevala rUpAntara hotA hai, yahI punarjanma hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM 'loka' zabda kA artha 'bhava' pUrva janma ke saMdarbha meM bhI liyA hai| AtmA kA astitva hai, vaha loka meM bhava-bhramaNa kara rahI hai, kyoMki atIta ke janmoM meM kriyA dvArA karma bandha kriyA thA / kriyA dvArA, puruSArtha dvArA karmoM ko tor3A jA sakatA hai| kriyAvAda vastutaH bandhana- - mukti kA puruSArtha hai| jainadarzana meM punarjanma tarka hotA hai, eka ora AtmA ko ajanmA, avinAzI, nitya kahA hai dUsarI ora janma-maraNa dharmA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha visaMgati kyoM ? yadi AtmA vastutaH avinAzI hai to aisI sthiti meM punarjanma kA AdhAra kyA hogA ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki punarjanma kA kAraNa karma hai| karma-bhoga ke liye punarjanma hai| karmazabda meM garbhita antarrahasya ko samajhane ke liye dRzyamAna jAgatika vyavasthA para bhI dRSTipAta karanA apekSita hai| hamArA dRzya jagat paraspara virodhI dharmavAle padArthoM ke pArasparika saMyoga kA pariNAma hai| eka tattva vaha hai jisameM jJAna haiM, icchAeM haiM, sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hai| dUsarA tattva vaha bhI hai jo ina saba guNoM se rahita hai| prathama sacetana (jIva ) aura dUsarA acetana (ajIva) kahalAtA hai| donoM kA zuddha rUpa apratyakSa hai| dRzyamAna jagat meM jIva saMzliSTa yA vizliSTa ajIva tathA ajIva saMzliSTa jIva kA hI pratyakSa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadRSTi meM dRzya jagat zuddha dravya na hokara do dravyoM kA vikAra haiN| sacetana-acetana donoM padArtha sakriya haiN| unameM apanI-apanI kriyA hotI rahatI haiN| donoM kA apanA svabhAva hai| samAna guNa-dharmavAle ke saMyoga se vikAra paidA nahIM hotaa| vikAra vahAM hotA hai jahAM vijAtIya sambandha sthApita hotA hai| pArasparika kriyA ke phalasvarUpa acetana meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai kintu vaha apanI ora se pratikriyA nahIM karatA / sacetana tattva kI vizeSatA hai ki vaha vijAtIya dravya ke saMyoga se pratikriyA karatA hai| niSkarSataH sacetana ke liye acetana vijAtIya haiN| acetana saMyoga aura tajjanya vikAra rUpa kArya ko dArzanika bhASA meM 'karma kahA hai| rAga-dveSa se yukta saMsArI jIva meM pratisamaya parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA hotI rahatI hai, usase acetana dravya AkarSita hokara AtmA ke sAtha saMzliSTa ho jAtA hai aura eka nizcita avadhi ke pazcAt apanA phala detA hai| usake kAraNa acchI-burI yoniyoM meM ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 182

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jIva utpanna hotA hai| yadi karma nahIM hote to jaivika sRSTi meM vividhatA bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| kucha aura bhI aise prazna haiM jinakA samAdhAna punarjanma kI svIkRti ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| mAtA-pitA ke AcAra -vicAra, vyavahAra, pArivArika vAtAvaraNa samAna hone para bhI vyaktiyoM meM antara kaise ? unakI bhinnatA kA kAraNa kyA hai ? manovijJAna meM vaiyaktika bhinnatA kA kAraNa AnuvAMzikatA tathA pariveza mAnA jAtA hai ye donoM vyakti ke jIvana ko atyadhika prabhAvita karane vAle mahattvapUrNa kAraka haiN| pArivArika sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika tathA zaikSaNika Adi paristhitiyAM sabhI pariveza ke antargata A jAtI haiN| AnuvaMzika guNoM kA nizcaya kromosoma dvArA hotA hai| kromosoma aneka jInsa kA eka samuccaya hai| vyakti kI mAnasika tathA zArIrika kSamatAeM usI meM sannihita haiM kintu unheM bhI mUla kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| koI AnuvAMzikatA bhI vyakti ke pUrva karmoM se aprabhAvita nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki pratyeka jIna meM 60 lAkha Adeza aMkita hote haiN| prazna hotA hai ki ina AdezoM meM kaunasA sakriya hogA aura kaunasA niSkriya hogaa| ye Adeza kahAM se AeM? manovijJAna ke pAsa isakA koI uttara nahIM hai| karmazAstra meM isakA samAdhAna khojA sakatA hai| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke anusAra ye Adeza karma zarIra ke saMvAdI kendra kahe jA sakate haiN| adhyAtma zAstra ke anusAra sAre Adeza aura nirdeza karma zarIra se prApta hote haiN| jo zakti, pratibhA, vilakSaNatA bhagavAna mahAvIra aura bhagavAna buddha meM thI vaha na to vartamAna jIvana kA pariNAma hai, na vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti kA yogdaan| yaha pUrva janma ke saMcita saMskAroM kA phalita hai| kriyA kI pratikriyA, dhvani kI pratidhvani, bimba kA pratibimba nizcita dekhA jAtA hai| karma kA kartA svayaM vyakti hai, pariNAma pratikriyA svarUpa utpanna hotA haiN| pUrvajanma kI smRti punarjanma kA Thosa AdhAra haiN| jainAgamoM meM ullekha hai - pUrva bhava ke smaraNa se nAraka jIvoM kA vaira dRr3hatara ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, Avazyaka cUrNi, Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti Avazyaka niyukti, Adi meM milatA hai| kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM sattAIsa bhavoM kA vivecana hai| pArzvanAtha ke dasa bhavoM kI vivecanA triSaSTi zlAkA purUSa caritra, kalpasUtra kI TIkA Adi meM milatA hai| kriyA aura punarjanma 183

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bhagavAna pArzva ke sAtha kamaThAsura kI vaira paramparA kaI janmoM taka banI rahI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA nami pravrajyA, cittasaMbhUtIya' mRgAputra ikSukArIya' Adi ghaTanAeM punarjanma ke astitva ko pramANita karatI hai| punarjanma smRti ke kAraNa pUrvajanma yA punarjanma meM jinakA vizvAsa nahIM hai, unake vizeSa rUpa se do tarka haiM - 1. yadi pUrva bhava hai to smRti kyoM nahIM ? 2. AtmA kI gati-Agati dikhAI kyoM nahIM detI ? isa saMdarbha meM vicAraNIya tathya yaha hai ki - bhUtakAla kI smRti nahIM hone mAtra se pUrva janma kA astitva asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dainandina kI ghaTanAeM bhI jaba vismRta ho jAtI haiM to pUrva janma kI ghaTanAoM kA yAda rahanA anivArya nahIM hai| unakI vismRti svAbhAvika hai| smRti kA hetubhUta jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama bhI sabakA samAna nahIM hotaa| AtmA ke pratyakSa na hone ke do kAraNa haiM- 1. AtmA amUrta hai 2. AtmA sUkSma hai| sUrya ke prakAza meM nakSatra - gaNa adRzya ho jAte haiM kintu isase unakA abhAva nahIM hotA, vaise hI hamAre jAnane kI kSamatA kI kamI ke kAraNa kisI sat padArtha kA astitva samApta nahIM ho jaataa| zarIra zAstra ke anusAra sAta varSa ke bAda zarIra ke pUrva paramANu badala jAte haiM, naye avayava bana jAte haiN| isa AmUlacUla parivartana meM bhI AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hotA taba mRtyu ke bAda astitva kaise samApta ho sakatA hai? AtmA kI gati-Agati nahIM diikhtii| kintu nahIM dIkhane mAtra se vastu kA abhAva nahIM ho jaataa| parivartana padArtha kA dharma hai| parivartana ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I AtmA hai| vaha anvayI hai| pUrva janma aura uttara janma donoM usakI avasthAeM haiN| ___AcArAMga bhASya meM pUrvajanma kI smRti ke cAra kAraNoM kA nirdeza hai - 1. mohanIya karma kA upazama 2. adhyavasAna zuddhi 3. IhApoha 4. mArgaNA - gvessnnaa| kucha vyaktiyoM ko janma-jAta pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM hotI kintu nimitta milane para jAgRta ho jAtI hai| suzruta saMhitA meM bhI kahA hai- zAstrAbhyAsa ke dvArA bhAvita aMta: karaNa vAle manuSya ko pUrva janma kI smRti ho jAtI hai 184 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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'ya bhAvita : pUrvadeheSu satataM shaastrbuddhyH| bhavanti sacca bhUyiSThA : pUrvajAtismarA narA : 1 10 (ka) Aja vaijJAnika jagat meM carcita proToplAjmA kI avadhAraNA se AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma - ye donoM siddhAMta adhika puSTa hote haiN| proToplAjmA kI upalabdhi ke kAraNa parAmanovaijJAnikoM ko bhI AtmA kI amaratA ke viSaya meM socane ke liye vivaza honA pdd'aa| jainetara dharma darzanoM meM punarjanmavAda pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM spinojA, rUso, hegala, imarsana, zainiMga, pAithegorasa, sukarAta, pleTo, plUTArka, plATInasa Adi ke vicAroM se bhI punarjanma kI puSTi hotI haiN| sAMkhya darzanAnusAra purUSa (AtmA) apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala svarUpa aneka yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| 10(kha). zubhAzubha karmoM ke saMvAhaka-sUkSma yA liMga zarIra kA nirmANa - pAMca karmendriyAM, pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca tanmAtrAeM, buddhi aura ahaMkAra se hotA hai| 11 sUkSma zarIra AtmA kA liMga hai, jo saMsArI prANI kA sahacArI hai| yahI punarjanma kA AdhAra hai| liMga- zarIra ke nimitta se purUSa kA prakRti ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai aura yahIM se janma-maraNa kA cakra prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ko vyApaka mAnA gayA hai| ata: usakA sthAna parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| eka prazna uThatA hai phira punarjanma kaise ? isa zaMkA ke nirasana ke liye unheM sUkSma zarIra ke astitva ko mAnanA pdd'aa| nyAya - vaizeSikoM meM AtmA (purUSa) kA punarjanma nahIM hotA balki liMga - zarIra kAhI punarjanma hotA hai| AtmA ke mukta hone para vaha alaga ho jAtA hai| vaizeSika darzana ne isa sambandha meM prazna uThAyA hai ki icchA aura dveSa pUrvaka kI jAne vAlI kriyA apanA phala detI hai| kriyA kSaNika hai, janmAntara meM usakA phala kaise prApta hotA hai ? isakA samAdhAna adRSTa kI kalpanA se kiyA hai, jo eka prakAra se karma tattva hI hai| karma aura punarjanma ke saMdarbha meM maharSi pataMjali kA kahanA hai ki karma aura bhoga meM saikar3oM, hajAroM jAtiyoM, dezika dUrI aura karor3oM kalpoM kA antara raha jAtA hai| kintu isase unake AnaMtarya meM kucha bAdhA nahIM aatii| unakA sAmaMjasya banA rahatA hai| 12 yoga darzana ke anusAra jaba taka kleza rUpa jar3a vidyamAna hai taba taka karmAzaya ke kriyA aura punarjanma 185

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vipAka ke phalasvarUpa jAti, Ayu aura bhoga hotA hai| kleza jar3a hai| isase karmAzaya kA vRkSa bar3hatA hai| jAti, Ayu Adi usake phala haiN| phala taba taka hI lagate haiM jaba taka kleza rUpI jar3a vidyamAna hai| 13 manuSya, pazu, deva, Adi ke rUpa meM utpanna honA jAti kahalAtI hai| lambe samaya taka jIvAtmA kA eka zarIra ke sAtha sambandha kA nAma Ayu hai| indriyoM ke viSaya - rasa, rUpAdi kA sevana bhoga hai| sAmAnyataH bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI darzana kahalAtA hai kintu pAli tripiTaka ke anusAra buddha ne bhI karma ko punarjanma kA kAraNa mAnA hai| 14 unake abhimata se kuzala karma aura akuzala karma durgati kA hetu hai| 15 pratItyasamutpAda siddhAMta, jise bhavacakra kahA jAtA hai, punarjanma kI saMpUrNa vyAkhyA karatA hai| usake anusAra avidyA evaM saMskAra punarjanma ke mUla haiN| avidyA kA artha ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna hai| avidyA saMskAra kI janaka hai| saMskAra se vijJAna, vijJAna se nAma-rUpa utpanna hotA hai| nAma-rUpa se SaDAna (5 indriya, mn)| SaDAyatana sparza kA kAraNa hai, sparza se vedanA, vedanA se tRSNA, tRSNA lAlasA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai jo bhava cakra kA upAdAna hai| 16 18 isa prakAra bhAratIya cintakoM ne aneka yuktiyoM dvArA punarjanma ko siddha kiyA hai| veda'' upaniSada'7 smRti'' gItA" aura jaina sAhitya meM varNita punarjanma kI ghaTanAoM se isa siddhAMta kA samarthana hotA hai| 20 kriyA, karma aura punarjanma kA sUkSma aura gaharA cintana jaina darzana kI viziSTatA kA paricAyaka hai| jIvana kI samasta samasyAoM ke vizleSaNa meM karma tattva kI pradhAnatA ko najaraandAja na karanA jaina darzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai| jaina dRSTi se punarjanma kA mUla AdhAra hai - karma zarIra / karma zarIra kA mUla hai - kaSAya / kaSAya se usakA abhisiMcana hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA bar3hatI jAtI hai| jainAgamoM meM manuSya hI nahIM, pazu-pakSI tathA vRkSoM kA bhI punarjanma mAnA gayA hai| vRkSa kA jIva mRtyu ke anantara manuSya bhI bana sakatA hai| isa prasaMga meM bhagavatI kA saMvAda vizeSa mananIya hai| 21 dehadhArI jIva apane zubha-azubha karma ke anusAra hI phala pAtA hai| 22 jaise - TI.vI. aura hAI phrikvensI vAlI vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgoM kA sambandha hai| TI.vI. seTa meM AI huI aneka prakAra kI Tyunsa, TrAnsaphormara citra aura dhvani ko vyakta karane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| usI prakAra zarIra bhI AtmA kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai| zarIra aura AtmA kA AdhAra tathA Adheya saMbadha hai| zarIra meM cetanA zakti TI.vI. seTa meM rahI huI ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 186

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phrikvensI vAlI vidyuta taraMga kI taraha kAma karatI hai| zarIra kA rUpAntaraNa hone para bhI jJAna, anubhUti, smRti Adi ke rUpa meM taraMgeM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| TI.vI. seTa se TI.vI. kI taraMgeM bhinna hai, yaha spaSTa hai vaise hI zarIra se caitanya bhinna hai| sabhI Astika darzana isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki purAne saMskAra jIvana ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| samaya samaya para ve zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika pravRttiyoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| vartamAna meM mAnava jo kucha bhI acchA-burA karma karatA hai, usakA pariNAma isa janma meM, agale janma meM yA kisI bhI janma meM avazya milatA hai| isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai- janma jAta zizu kA haMsanA, ronA Adi prvRttiyaaN|23 AksIjana prANa poSaka tattva hai, hAIDrojana prANanAzaka ye donoM virodhI haiM kintu unake saMyoga se jala jaise jIvanopayogI tattva kA nirmANa hotA hai| usI prakAra AtmA aura zarIra virodhI hai phira bhI inakA saMyoga janma-mRtyu kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAtA hai|24 pravRtti aura pariNAma ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo pariNAma dRzya hai unake pIche koI-na-koI pravRtti hotI hai| Aja kI pravRtti atIta kA pariNAma hai| usI prakAra vartamAna kI pravRtti kA pariNAma hai- bhvissy| vartamAna atIta se jur3A hai isaliye vaha pariNAma bhI hai| vaha kArya aura kAraNa donoM hai| vartamAna kA jitanA mahattva hai utanA hI atIta kA bhI hai| punarjanma taba taka hotA hai jaba taka kriyA rUpI kAraNa aura usake pariNAma rUpI karma kI sattA hai| usakI sattA samApta hone para janma-maraNa kA cakra bhI rUka jAtA hai| janma aura mRtyu se sAkSAt karane kA tattvadarzI purUSoM ne abhyAsa kiyaa| unhoMne pAyA janma-mRtyu kA pravAha cirantana hai| anubhUti ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA - kucha manuSyoM ko pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA saMjJAna hotA hai, kucha ko nhiiN| pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA yaha prazna kriyAvAdI, AtmavAdI ke liye hI nahIM, apitu pratyeka ciMtanazIla manuSya ke liye mahattvapUrNa hai| punarjanma ke sAdhaka pramANa bhAratIya cintakoM ne aneka yuktiyoM se punarjanma ko siddha kiyA hai smRti- yaha punarjanma kI siddhi kA eka bar3A sAkSya hai| tatkAla utpanna zizu meM harSa, bhaya, stanapAna Adi kriyA dekhI jAtI hai| usane isa janma meM harSAdi kI anubhUti kriyA aura punarjanma 187

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nahIM kii| ye saba kriyAeM pUrvAbhyAsa kA hI pariNAma hai|25 jisa prakAra eka yuvaka kA zarIra zizu kI uttaravartI avasthA hai| usI prakAra zizu kA zarIra pUrvajanma kI uttaravartI avasthA hai|26 yadi ise svIkAra na kiyA jAye to pUrvajanma meM bhukta aura anubhUta kA smaraNa na hone se sadya:jAta zizu meM bhayAdi pravRttiyAM saMbhava nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki punarjanma kI sattA hai| rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti- prANiyoM meM sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati rAga - dveSAtmaka pravRtti kA honA bhI punarjanma kI siddhi kA sUcaka hai| ___ jIvana stara-vibhinna jIvoM kA zarIra, rUpa, Ayu Adi samAna nahIM hote aura na hI unake bhogAdi ke sukha -sAdhana hI samAna hote haiN| sabakA jIvana stara bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| jIvoM meM vyApta viSamatA kisI adRzya kAraNa kI ora saMketa karatI hai|27 vaha dRzya kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hai jise bhogane ke liye dUsarA janma lenA par3atA hai| AtmA kA nityatva- bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko nitya mAnA hai| mRtyu ke bAda bhI AtmA kA astitva banA rahatA hai| AtmA nitya hone se spaSTa hai ki vaha karmAnusAra eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| dUsare zarIra kA dhAraNa hI punarjanma hai| pratyabhijJAna-pratyakSa aura smRti kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna pratyabhijJA hai| isameM ahasAsa hotA hai ki maiM vahI hUM yA amuka vastu vahI hai| isase punarjanma siddha hotA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra devoM ke vargIkaraNa meM eka prakAra ke deva vyantara kahalAte haiN| jinameM yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUtAdi Ate haiN| vyaMtara deva prAya: yaha kahate hue sune jAte haiM ki 'maiM vahI hUM, jo pahale amuka thaa| yadi punarjanma nahIM hai to unheM isa prakAra kA pratyabhijJAna saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| pUrvabhava-smaraNa- nAraka jIvoM ke duHkhoM kA varNana karate hue pUjyapAda ne kahApUrvabhava ke smaraNa se unakA vaira dRr3hatara ho jAtA hai| jisase ve kutte, gIdar3a kI taraha eka dUsare kA ghAta karane lagate haiN| ina hetuoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka yuktiyoM dvArA punarjanma ko pramANita kiyA jAtA hai| parAmanovijJAna meM bhI isa prakAra ke tathyoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| karmavAda aura punarjanma prakriyA ke jJAna se jIva ko naitika banane kI preraNA hI nahIM milatI balki vaha zuddhAtmA kI prApti ke liye prayatnazIla bhI bana jAtA hai| 188 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kriyA aura karmaphala vicAra karma aura usake phala (vipAka) kI paramparA se yaha saMsAra-cakra nirantara gatizIla hai| karma-siddhAMta kI mukhya rUpa se tIna mAnyatAeM haiM 1. pratyeka kriyA kA apanA pariNAma hotA hai| 2. usa pariNAma kI anubhUti vahI vyakti karatA hai jisane karma kiyA hai| 3. karma aura usake phala kI prakriyA anAdikAlIna hai| karma phala kA AdhAra : prAkRtika niyama vyavahAra jagat meM kriyA kI pratikriyA avazya dekhI jAtI haiN| dIvAra para geMda ko jitanI zakti se pheMkate hai utanI hI zakti se vaha lauTa AtI hai| geMda pheMkanA kriyA hai| lauTa AnA pratikriyA hai| pahAr3a yA kisI gumbaja para khar3e hokara AvAja karate haiM, pratidhvani ke rUpa meM vaha puna: lauTa jAtI hai| AvAja denA kriyA hai, pratidhvani pratikriyA hai| pratikriyA ke samaya aura svarUpa meM antara ho sakatA hai kintu yaha nizcita hai ki kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai| karma kriyA hai| karmaphala, pratikriyA hai| prAkRtika niyamoM kI taraha karma aura karmaphala kI vyavasthA bhI nizcita hai| kRta karma kA eka bAra nahIM aneka bAra bhI bhoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| usakA kAraNa baMdhana ke hetubhUta bhAvoM kI tIvratA hai| kAlodAyI aNagAra bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchate haiM - bhaMte ! jIvoM ke kie hue pApa karmoM kA paripAka kyA pApakArI hotA hai ? bhagavAna ne kahA- hAM, hotA hai| kAlodAyI- kaise hotA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra- kAlodAyI ! jaise koI purUSa manojJa sthAlIpAka zuddha (paripakka) aThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa viSayukta bhojana karatA hai, vaha ApAtabhadra hai kintu pariNAma bhadra nahIM hai| vaise hI prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApa karma kA sevana ApAtabhadra saMbhava haiM kintu pariNAma bhadra nhiiN| kAlodAyI- bhaMte ! kalyANakArI karmoM kA paripAka kalyANakArI hotA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra- hAM, hotA hai| kAlodAyI- kaise? kriyA aura punarjanma 189

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bhagavAna mahAvIra - jaise koI manuSya manojJa, sthAlIpAka, zuddha, aThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa, auSadha - mizrita bhojana karatA hai, vaha ApAtabhadra nahIM lagatA kintu pariNamana hone para usameM surUpatA, suvarNatA aura sukhAnubhUti utpanna hotI hai| vaha pariNAmabhadra hotA hai| kAlodAyI ! usI prakAra prANAtipAta virati yAvat aThAraha pApoM se virati ApAtabhadra nahIM lagatI kintu pariNAmabhadra hotI hai| 32 prANI ko usake karmAnusAra hI phala kI prApti hotI hai | 33 marate samaya manuSya ke duHkha kA jJAtijana, sage-sambandhI, mitra-putra, bhAI koI bhI vibhAga nahIM lete| jIva akelA hI bhogatA hai kyoMki kiyA huA karma sadA apane kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| 34(ka) uttarAdhyayana meM isa viSaya meM kahA hai ki kie hue karma ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra corI karate samaya pakar3A huA cora apane karma ke kAraNa duHkha bhogatA hai, usI prakAra jIva ihaloka aura paraloka meM apane kie hue karmoM ko bhoge binA mukti nahIM pA sakatA | 34 (kha) karma vipAka - jIva vipAkI, pudgala vipAkI, bhava vipAkI, kSetra vipAkI aise cAra prakAra haiM jIva vipAkI - jina prakRtiyoM ke udaya se jIva ke svabhAva para sIdhA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha jIva vipAkI hai| pudgala vipAkI - zarIra pudgala se nirmita hai| zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita prakRtiyAM pudgala vipAkI hai| bhava vipAkI - Ayu karma kI narakAdi cAroM prakRtiyoM kA vipAka bhava vipAka hai| kSetra vipAkI - narakAdi AnupUrvI nAmaka cAra karma - prakRtiyAM narakAdi kI ora hI jIva kI gati karAtI hai| ye kSetra se sambandhita hone se kSetra vipAkI haiN| jaina dRSTi meM karma - phala kI niyatatA aniyatatA yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ki jina karmoM kA baMdha huA, unakA phala nizcita hotA hai yA parivartita (anyathA ) bhI ho sakatA hai ? isa saMdarbha meM jaina karma - siddhAMta meM karmoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- niyata vipAkI aura aniyata vipAkI / kucha karmoM kA phala nizcita hai| kucha karmoM kA phala aniyata hai| jina karmoM ke baMdhana meM kaSAyoM kI tIvratA hotI hai, unakA baMdha pragAr3ha hotA hai| unakA phala bhI niyata hotA hai| tAttvika zabdAvalI meM unheM nikAcita karma kahA jAtA hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 190 -

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isase viparIta jina karmoM ke sampAdana meM kaSAya kI mandatA hotI hai, unakA baMdhana zithila hotA hai| unake vipAka kA saMvedana Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| ye aniyata vipAkI hote haiN| unake phala meM tapasyA Adi satsAdhanoM se parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma-phala meM parivartana kA siddhAMta anekAnta dRSTi se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| unhIM karmoM ke phala meM parivartana saMbhava hai jinakA baMdha aniyata vipAkI ho| niyata vipAkI kA bhoga anivArya hai| niyata aura aniyata ke pIche bhI vibhajyavAdI dRSTikoNa rahA hai| yadi ekAntataH karma-vipAka kI niyatatA ko svIkAra kareM to AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoM ke astitva para prazna cihna khar3A hotA hai kyoMki niyata ko badalanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi ekAntataH aniyata vipAkI mAnA jAye to naitika vyavasthA kI koI mUlyavattA nahIM raha jaatii| ata: niyata-aniyata vipAkI mAnanA hI tarka saMgata hai| anya darzanoM meM karma-phala kI niyatatA-aniyatatA nyAya vArtikakAra ke abhimata se karma kA phala aniyata hai| unake mata meM niyama nahIM ki karma kA phala isa loka, paraloka yA janmAntara meM hI milatA hai| karma apanA phala usa sthiti meM dete haiM jaba sahakArI kAraNoM kA sannidhAna ho tathA sannihita kAraNoM meM bhI koI pratibandhaka na ho| samAna bhoga vAle anya prANiyoM ke vidyamAna karma dvArA bhI karma kI phala zakti ke pratibaMdha kI saMbhAvanA hai| karma kI gati durvijJeya hai| sAmAnya manuSya . ko isa prakriyA kA bodha nahIM hotaa|35(k) bauddha darzana meM karmoM ke vipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA para vimarza kiyA gayA hai| donoM prakAra ke karma unheM mAnya haiN| kucha bauddha AcAryoM ne niyata vipAkI aura aniyata vipAkI karmoM ko cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| 5(kha) (a) niyata vipAkI 1. dRSTa dharma vedanIya karma - jisakA phala usI janma meM anivArya rUpa se prApta hotA hai| 2. upapadya vedanIya karma - jisakA phala usa janma ke pazcAt hone vAle janma meM anivArya rUpa se milatA hai| 3. apara paryAya vedanIya karma - jo vilamba se phala detA hai| 4. aniyata vedanIya kintu niyata vipAka karma - jisakA svabhAva badalA kriyA aura punarjanma 191

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jA sakatA hai kintu usakA bhoga anivArya hai| yaha karma jaina darzana meM mAnya saMkramaNa nAmaka karma, avasthA se sAmya rakhatA hai| (ba) aniyata vipAkI 1. dRSTa dharma vedanIya- vaha karma, jisakA phala isI janma meM milatA hai kintu phala - bhoga Avazyaka nhiiN| 2. upapadya vedanIya-vaha karma, jo upapanna hokara samantara janma meM phala dene vAlA hai kintu usakA phala bhoga ho hI, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| 3. apara paryAya vedanIya- vaha karma, jo vilamba se phala dene vAlA hai kintu usakA phala-bhoga Avazyaka nahIM hai| 4. aniyata vedanIya-aniyata vipAkI vaha karma hai, jo anubhUti aura vipAka donoM dRSTiyoM se aniyata hai| ___ isa prakAra bauddha darzana meM varNita niyatatA-aniyatatA kI tulanA jaina karma-siddhAMta ke nikAcita evaM dalika karmoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| bauddhoM meM phalagata vividhatA ke kAraNa karma ke AdhAra para janaka, utthambhaka, -- upapIr3aka, upaghAtaka aise cAra prakAra aura ullikhita haiM - janaka-naye janma ko utpanna kara vipAka pradAna karatA hai| utthambhaka-apanA vipAka pradAna na kara dUsaroM ke vipAka meM sahAyaka bana jAtA hai| upapIDaka- anya karmoM ke vipAka meM bAdhaka banatA hai| upaghAtaka-anya karmoM ke vipAka kA ghAta kara apanA hI vipAka prakaTa karatA hai|36 phaladAna ke krama ko lakSita kara anya cAra prakAroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| garUka, bahula athavA AciNNa, Asanna tathA abhyst| inameM garUka tathA bahula dUsaroM ke vipAka ko rokakara pahale apanA phala pradAna karate haiN| Asanna kA artha haimRtyu ke samaya kiyA gyaa| vaha bhI pUrva karma kI apekSA apanA phala pahale de detA hai| maraNakAla ke samaya karmAnusAra zIghra hI nayA janma prApta hotA hai| abhyasta karma ina tInoM ke abhAva meM phala de sakatA hai|37 192 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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yoga darzana ke anusAra karma kA vipAka jAti, Ayu aura bhoga ke rUpa meM tIna hotA hai| jaisA kI pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA gayA- jAti pada manuSya, pazu, deva Adi yoniyoM kA sUcaka hai| eka nizcita avadhi taka prANa yA deha ke saMyoga kI sUcanA Ayu pada se hai| bhoga zabda sukha-duHkha rUpa anubhUti kA abhivyaMjaka hai| yoga sammata tInoM pada eka dUsare se itane saMbaddha haiM ki eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI kalpanA karanA azakya hai, kAraNa spaSTa hai ki kRtakarmoM ke phala-bhoga ke liye Ayu jarUrI hai| Ayu dhAraNa meM janma jarUrI hai| yoga darzana sammata niyata-vipAkI karma jaina darzana sammata karma kI do avasthAoM, nikAcita aura saMkramaNa se tulanIya haiM tathA aniyata-vipAkI kucha karmoM kI tulanA pradezodaya se saMbhava hai| yoga darzana meM kleza kI cAra avasthAoM kA bhI varNana hai- prasupta, tanu, vicchinna aura udaar|38 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne unakI tulanA mohanIya karma kI sattA, upazama, kSayopazama aura udaya ke sAtha kI hai|39 ____ vaidika darzana ke anusAra-jisa prakAra gAya kA bachar3A hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI apanI mAM ko DhUMDha letA hai aura usakA anugamana karatA hai usI prakAra pUrvakRta karma kartA kA anusaraNa karatA haiN|40 ___ praznopaniSad ke anusAra udAna prANa jIva ko zubha - karmoM ke kAraNa puNyaloka meM le jAte haiN| azubha karma pApaloka - naraka meM aura donoM prakAra ke karma jIva ko manuSya loka meM le jAte haiN|41 zvetAzvataropaniSad ke anusAra jo jIva zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA hai, vahI unako bhogane vAlA hai|42 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke anusAra jo prANI jisa prakAra kA karma karatA hai, vaha usI prakAra kA bana jAtA hai| acchA karma karane vAlA acchA tathA burA karane vAlA burA banatA hai|43 karmaphala kI samaya-sImA eka vyakti karma kA baMdha karatA hai, usa kA phala bhogatA hai kintu kaba bhogatA hai? isI janma meM yA AgAmI janma meM ? isa prazna ke saMdarbha meM cUrNikAra ne kaI vikalpa prastuta kiye haiM isa loka meM karma kiyA aura isI loka meM phala prApta ho jAtA hai| isa loka meM karma kiyA, para loka meM vipAka hotA hai| kriyA aura punarjanma 193

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paraloka meM karma kiyA, isa loka meM vipAka hotA hai| paraloka meM karma kiyA, paraloka meM hI usakA vipAka hotA hai| eka vyakti ne kisI kA ziracchedana kiyaa| phala prApta kara mRta vyakti ke putra ne use mAra DAlA, yaha pahalA vikalpa hai| isa janma meM karma kiyA, yahIM phala prApta kara liyaa| kisI ne calate hue vyakti ko mAra ddaalaa| paraloka meM mRta vyakti use mAra DAlatA hai| yaha dUsarA vikalpa hai| koI vyakti dhArmika hai athavA nIti niSTha hai; prANI mAtra ke prati karUNAzIla hai| acAnaka vajrapAta hotA hai| patnI yA putra kA dehAvasAna hone se duHkhI ho jAtA hai| yaha paraloka kRta karma kA phala bhoga hai| jaina Agama vipAka sUtra meM mRgAlor3hA kA jIvana isa tathya kA pramANa hai| rAjagharAne meM janma liyA kintu lor3he jaisaa| na marA huA, na jiNdaa| na AdamI, na ptthr| usakI avasthA vicitra thii| zarIra kI badabU asahya thii| pUrvajanma ke kaTu karmoM ke pariNAma svarUpa aisA jIvana prApta huA thaa| karma vipAka kI vicitratA hetu prajJApanA kA 'karmapada' paThanIya hai| vahAM karma vipAka ke kaI kAraNoM kA ullekha hai| usake anusAra gati, sthiti, bhava, pudgala, pudgala, pariNAma ye sAre karma vipAka ke kAraNa haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi bhI karma vipAka meM nimitta banate haiN| inakA bhI karma vipAka se gaharA sambandha hai| vipAka ke tathAvipAka aura anyathAvipAka ke rUpa meM anya do prakAroM kA bhI ullekha milatA haitathAvipAka-isakA tAtparya hai jisa rUpa meM karma kiyA usI rUpa meM phala bhognaa| anyathAvipAka- eka ne zo-rUma meM Aga lagA dI, dUsare ne pahale vAle kA ghara luTavA diyA, yaha anyathA-vipAka hai| jaina aura yoga darzana donoM meM sopakrama aura nirUpakrama ke bheda se Ayu vipAka ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kisI bAhya nimitta se Ayu samApta ho jAtI hai use sopakrama aura kisI nimitta ke milane para bhI samApta na ho use nirUpakrama kahate haiN| jaina darzanAnusAra kRta karmoM kA phala bhoga nizcita hai kintu karma kI sthiti, zakti, rasa Adi ko kama, adhika yA parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai| niyata vipAkI karmoM meM parivartana kI saMbhAvanA nhiiN| aniyata vipAkI meM parivartana saMbhava hai| jaina karma 194 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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siddhAMta ke antargata saMkramaNa, udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA evaM upazama Adi karma kI avasthAeM karmaphala kI aniyatatA kI ora saMketa karatI hai| gati - Agati karmoM ke vipAka ko bhAratIya cintakoM ne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- zubha -azubha, puNya-pApa, kushl-akushl| bauddha" sAMkhya yoga+6 nyAya vaizeSika'7 upaniSad+8 jaina Adi sabhI meM ina do bhedoM kI carcA hai| manusmRti meM bhI kahA gayA hai - mana - vacana aura zarIra ke zubhAzubha karma - phala ke kAraNa manuSya ko uttama, madhyama yA adhama gati prApta hotI hai| jIva gati Agati nairayika | manuSya, paMcendriya- tiryaJca manuSya,paMcendriya- tiryaJca asura kumAra | manuSya, paMcendriya- tiryaJca manuSya,paMcendriya- tiryazca pRthvIkAyika | pRthvIkAya yA anya yoni pRthvIkAya yA anya yoni apkAya se | apanI-apanI kAyA yA apanI-apanI kAyA yA manuSya taka | anya yoni anya yoni jIvoM kI gati aura Agati karmoM ke AdhAra para hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha karma haiN| pratyeka karma kA pRthak-pRthak kArya hai| jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ye do karma AvAraka haiN| ye AtmA kI jJAna tathA darzana zakti ko AvRtta karate haiN| mohanIya karma vikAraka hai| antarAya karma AtmA ke vIrya kA pratighAta karatA hai| Atma-svarUpa ko prabhAvita karane vAle ye cAra karma ghAtikarma kahalAte haiN| ___ cAra karma jIva ke vyaktitva kA nirmANa karate haiN| jaise - zarIra racanA kA mukhya hetu nAma karma hai| isake aneka bheda-prabheda haiN| gati nAma karma ke prabhAva se jIva manuSya, tiryaJca Adi gatiyoM meM jAtA hai| sukha-duHkha ke saMvedana kA hetu vedanIya karma hai| gotra karma pratiSThA-apratiSThA kA hetu hai| jIva kI Ayu sImA kA nirdhAraNa AyuSya karma se hotA hai| pannavaNA pada chaha ke anusAra sAmAnyataH cAroM gatiyoM meM jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa bAraha muhUrta upapAta-virahakAla evaM udvartanA-virahakAla hai| upapAta se tAtparya kisI anya gati se marakara nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, deva yA siddha rUpa meM utpanna honA hai| virahakAla kA tAtparya utane samaya taka naraka Adi meM kisI naye kriyA aura punarjanma 195

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nAraka Adi kA utpanna nahIM honA hai| narakAdi kisI gati se nikalanA udvartanA hai| narakAdi meM nyunatama (jaghanya) eka samaya, adhikatama (utkRSTa) 12 muhUrta taka upapAta nahIM hotA hai| usake bAda avazya hI koI na koI prANI utpanna hotA hai| yaha sAmAnya rUpa se naraka gati ke viSaya meM kahA hai| kintu jaba ratnaprabhA Adi eka-eka naraka ke upapAta kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai taba vaha 24 muhUrta kA bhI hotA hai| anya gatiyoM ke liye bhI isI prakAra jJAtavya hai| siddhagati kA upapAta-virahakAla utkRSTata: chaha mAha kA hotA hai| siddha gati meM upapAta hai, udvartanA nahIM hai| AyuSya karma ke baMdhana kA kAraNa zIla aura vrata se rahita honA hai| kisa prakAra kA AcaraNa karane se kaisA jIvana prApta hotA hai- jainAgamoM meM isakA nirdeza hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM pratyeka prakAra ke AyuSya baMdha ke cAra-cAra kAraNa nirdiSTa haiN| 2 nArakIya jIvana-prApti ke kAraNa 1. mahArambha (krUratApUrNa hiMsaka karma) 2. mahAparigraha (atyadhika saMgraha) 3. paMcendriya vadha (manuSya-pazu Adi kA vadha karanA) 4. mAMsAhAra tathA madya Adi nazIle padArthoM kA sevana tiryaJca jIvana-prApti ke kAraNa - 1. mAyA (mAyA, pravaMcanA) 2. gUDha mAyA (eka jhUTha ko chipAne ke lie dUsarA jhUTha bolanA) 3. asatya bhASaNa 4. kUTa tola-kUTa mApa manuSya jIvana-prApti ke kAraNa 1. saralatA (prakRti se sarala honA) 2. vinayazIlatA (prakRti se vinIta honA) 3. karUNA, dayA honA 4. ahaMkAra, mAtsarya se rahita honA (IrSyA na karanA) 196 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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deva-AyuSya prApti ke kAraNa 1. sarAga saMyama- avItarAga dazA meM hone vAlI saMyama-sAdhanA 2. saMyama kA AMzika pAlana- zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karanA 3. bAla tapasyA-mithyAtvI kI tapasyA 4. akAma nirjarA-mokSa kI icchA ke abhAva meM kI jAne vAlI tapasyA se ___ honevAlI aatmshuddhi| AyuSya baMdha ke kAraNa ... AyuSya ke pudgaloM se jIvanI-zakti kA nirmANa hotA hai| agale janma ke AyuSya kA baMdha vartamAna meM ho jAtA hai| AyuSya ke baMdha kAla meM chaha anya karma-prakRtiyoM kA bhI baMdha hotA hai|unse jIvana ke vibhinna pakSa nirdhArita hote hai| udAharaNArtha- AyuSya ke sAtha jAti, gati, sthiti, avagAhanA, pradeza Adi kA bhI baMdha hotA hai| . jAti nAmakarma se nizcita hotA hai ki janma lene vAlA ekendriya hogA yA pNcendriy| gati nAmakarma se yaha nizcita hotA hai ki prANI naraka gati meM jAyegA yA svarga meN| sthiti nAma karma se jIvana kI kAlAvadhi nizcita hotI hai| avagAhanA nAma karma se audArika Adi zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| pradeza nAma karma se AyuSya karma ke pudgaloM kA parimANa nizcita hotA hai| anubhAga nAma karma se AyuSya karma ke pudgaloM ke vipAka (phala dAna zakti) kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| AyuSya karma ke udaya kA pahalA kSaNa naye jIvana kA pahalA kSaNa hai| usake sAtha hI jAti, gati nAmakarma kA udaya prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| ye AyuSya ke sahacArI haiN| AyuSya ke udaya ke sAtha unakA udaya aura virAma ke sAtha unakA bhI virAma ho jAtA hai| karma-baMdha ke kSaNa meM jAti Adi nAmakarma kA nidhatta athavA niSikta hotA hai| isaliye AyuSya kA phala vibhinna prakAra kA bana gyaa| jaise-jAti nAma niSiktaAyuSya aadi| kriyA aura punarjanma 197

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karma udaya kI eka vizeSa vyavasthA hai| sabhI karma pudgaloM kA eka sAtha udaya nahIM hotaa| eka sAtha udaya ho jAye to dUsarA kSaNa karma vipAka se zUnya ho jAyegA, sthiti baMdha kI bhI vyarthatA siddha hogii| karma ke udaya kI prAkRtika vyavasthA yaha hai ki phala dene vAle pudgaloM ke niSeka bana jAte haiN| niSeka pratikSaNa anubhava meM Ane yogya karma pudgaloM kI viziSTa racanA hotI hai|54 vipAka kI pUrvavartI avasthA meM niSeka kI dravyarAzi adhika hotI hai, uttara avasthA meM kama ho jAtI hai| karma sthiti samApta hone taka niSekavyavasthA sakriya rahatI hai| AyuSya gati, sthiti, jAti, avagAhanA, pradeza aura anubhAga ina chaha prakAroM meM jAti, gati-ye do nAmakarma kI prakRtiyAM haiN| avagAhanA kA nAma uttara prakRtiyoM meM nahIM aataa| yadyapi sthiti, pradeza, anubhAga kA bhI nAma-karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM ullekha nahIM hai kintu nAma-karma kI nirdiSTa uttara prakRtiyoM ke atirikta anya aneka uttara prakRtiyAM ho sakatI haiN| isI kAraNa ina sabako nAmakarma ke antargata mAna liyA gayA hai| AyuSya kA baMdha ajJAta avasthA meM hotA hai| isakA baMdha kaba hotA hai, usakI avagati nahIM hotii| AyuSya ke viSaya meM kucha niyamoM kA nirdeza avazya prApta hai1. paraloka meM jAne vAlA jIva AyuSya kA baMdha karake jAtA hai|58 2. AyuSya kA baMdha vartamAna janma meM hotA hai|59 3. jIva ko jisa yoni meM jAnA hai, usI se saMbaddha AyuSya kA baMdha karatA hai|60 4. eka jIva eka samaya yA janma meM eka AyuSya kA saMvedana karatA hai|61 5. AyuSya baMdha ke sAtha jAti Adi chaha viSayoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| 62 do AyuSya baMdha kA vimarza bhagavatI sUtra meM eka janma meM eka sAtha do AyuSya baMdha kI carcA hai63(ka) ihabhavika aura prbhvik| ihabhavika kA artha hai -vartamAna bhava kI Ayu aura parabhavika arthAt agale bhava kI aayu| do AyuSya ke saMvedana kI carcA bhI usI se jur3I hai|63(kh) AjIvaka darzana64 aura pAtaJjala yoga bhASya meM isa vicAra dhArA ke bIja dekhe jA sakate haiN| yoga bhASyakAra ne karmAzaya ko ehabhavika batalAyA hai|65 198 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka sAtha do AyuSya ke baMdha kA siddhAMta asvIkAra kiyA hai| unake mata meM AyuSya eka janma se saMbaMdhita hotA hai| pUrvajanma meM Ayu-baMdha hotA hai aura vaha kevala uttaravartI eka hI janma kA hotA hai| vRttikAra ne isakI puSTi meM tarka prastuta kiyA hai ki eka adhyavasAya se do virodhI AyuSya kA baMdha nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye eka samaya meM eka hI AyuSya kA baMdha yukti saMgata hai|66 dvaikriyAvAda ke mata se eka samaya meM samyak aura mithyA do kriyAeM hotI haiN| usa siddhAMta ke AdhAra para eka sAtha do AyuSya baMdha hone meM virodha nahIM aataa| ataH saMbhava hai do AyuSya baMdha kI pRSThabhUmi meM vaikriyAvAda kA siddhAMta rahA ho| Agama yuga meM karma-siddhAMta bahucarcita rahA hai| Ayu kA sambandha karma ke sAtha hai| eka janma meM aneka AyuSya kA vipAka yA saMvedana hotA hai| isa siddhAMta kA AdhAra haimatsyajAla grnthikaa| jIvoM ke hajAroM AyuSya matsya-jAla kI gAMThoM kI taraha paraspara gUMthe rahate haiN| vyAsa bhASya meM bhI matsyajAla granthikA kA dRSTAnta milatA hai|67 jaina darzana ke anusAra eka janma meM eka AyuSya kA saMvedana hotA hai| yadi saba AyuSyoM kA saMvedana eka sAtha ho to eka janma meM aneka janmoM ke saMvedana kA prasaMga aayegaa| jAla-graMthikA kI vyAkhyA bhI jaina darzana ne bhinna prakAra se kI hai| jAlagraMthikA eka zrRMkhalA (sAMkala) hai| pratyeka kar3I paraspara pratibaddha hai| usI prakAra AyuSya kI zrRMkhalA hai| pratyeka jIva ke vartamAna AyuSya se pUrva hajAroM AyuSya bIta cuke haiN| vartamAna janma kevala vartamAna AyuSya se hI sampAdita hotA hai|69 __ AyuSya kI krama zrRMkhalA kA pratipAdana bhagavatI meM hai| koI bhI saMsArI jIva AyuSya ke binA eka kSaNa bhI jI nahIM sktaa| mRtyu ke pazcAt aura dUsare janma se pUrva kA madhyavartI kSaNa antarAla gati kA kSaNa hai| usameM kevala taijasa-kArmaNa-ye do sUkSma zarIra hI rahate haiN| sthUla zarIra nahIM rhtaa| zarIra ke abhAva meM indriyoM kA astitva bhI nahIM rhtaa| isaliye usa samaya jIva sthUla zarIra kI dRSTi se azarIrI evaM anindriya hotA hai? kintu nirAyu nahIM hotaa| kriyA aura punarjanma 199

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AyuSya baMdha kA niyama AyuSya baMdha kA vidhAna isa prakAra hai 1kha vartamAna jIvana AgAmI jIvana ke AyuSya kA baMdha kAla | 1. nirUpakrama AyuSyavAlA manuSya * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa rahatA hai| | 2. sopakrama AyuSyavAlA manuSya * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa rahatA hai| athavA nauvAM bhAga zeSa rahatA yA sattAIsavAM bhAga zeSa rahatA hai| | 3. asaMkhyeya varSa AyuSya vAlA manuSya * vartamAna AyuSya ke chaha mAsa zeSa rahate 4. asaMkhyeya varSa AyuSya vAlA paMcendriya tiryaca 5.saMkhyeya varSa AyuSya vAlA paMcendriya tiryaJca 6. saMkhyeya varSa AyuSya vAlA paMcendriya tiryazca * vartamAna AyuSya ke chaha mAsa zeSa rahate hai| * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa rahatA hai| yadi nirUpakrama AyuSka haiN| * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa rahatA haiN| yadi sopakrama AyuSka haiN| athavA nauvAM bhAga zeSa rahatA yA sattAIsavAM bhAga zeSa rahatA haiN| * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa | rahatA haiN| * vartamAna AyuSya kA tIsarA bhAgazeSa rahatA haiN| athavA nauvAM bhAga zeSa rahatA yA sattAIsavAM bhAga zeSa rahatA hai| * vartamAna AyuSya ke chaha mAsa zeSa rahate haiN| | 7. pAMca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya yadi nirUpakrama AyuSka haiM 8. pAMca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya yadi sopakrama AyuSka haiM 9. nairayika,bhavanapati,vANamantara, __ jyotiSka aura vaimAnika 200 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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Ayu baMdha ke viSaya meM do matAntara upalabdha hote haiN| 1.vartamAna AyuSya AvalikA ke asaMkhyAta bhAga jitanA zeSa rahane para agrima janma kA AyuSya baMdha hotA hai| . 2.vartamAna AyuSya eka samaya kama muhUrta jitanA AyuSya zeSa rahane para Ayu baMdha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI usakA samarthana hai|72 3.gommaTasAra kI vyAkhyA meM donoM matoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna AyuSya samApti ke anantara prathama samaya meM agale janma ke AyuSya kA vedana prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra antarAla gati meM jIva AyuSya sahita saMkramaNa karatA hai| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM se usakI vistRta carcA kI hai| usakA niSkarSa yahI hai ki Rjugati meM agrima janma-sthAna meM jAne taka pUrvajanma kA AyuSya hotA hai kintu vakragati ke pahale samaya meM pUrvajanma kA AyuSya, dUsare meM agale janma kA AyuSya prAraMbha ho jAtA hai|3 terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya jayAcArya ne bhI isa mata kI puSTi karate hue likhA hai prathama samaya nA siddha cyAra karmoM nA aMza khapAve re| cauthe ThANe prathama uddeze, buddhivaMta nyAya milAve re||74 siddhasena kA abhimata bhinna hai - Rjugati meM janma sthAna taka jAne meM pUrvajanma kA AyuSya hotA hai| vakragati meM pahale samaya meM pUrvajanma kA AyuSya, dUsare samaya meM agale janma kA AyuSya kA prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| AyuSya kA artha hai- AyuSya karma ke pudagala - skaMdhoM kI raashi| gati ke binA AyuSya kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| jisa jIva ne jisa gati meM jAne kI yogyatA arjita kI hai, usake usI gati ke AyuSya kA baMdha nizcita hotA hai| AyuSya ke sAtha 4 prazna aura jur3e hue haiM1. jIva kisa gati meM jAyegA? 2. vahAM usakI sthiti kyA hogI? 3. vaha UMcA-nIcA yA tirachA kahAM jAyegA ? 4. vaha dUravartI kSetra meM jAyegA yA nikaTavartI ? kriyA aura punarjanma 201

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ina cAra praznoM meM Ayu pariNAma ke nimnokta nau prakAroM kA samAveza hai| prathama prazna meM (1-2) dvitIya prazna meM (3-4) tRtIya prazna meM (5-6-7)aura caturtha prazna meM (8-9) kA samAveza hotA hai| jaba agale janma kA AyuSya baMdha hotA hai taba ina sabhI kA sAthasAtha nizcaya ho jAtA hai| vRttikAra ne pariNAma ke tIna artha kiye haiM- svabhAva, zakti aura dhrm|75 - AyuSya karma ke nau pariNAma 1 gati pariNAma isake mAdhyama se jIva manuSyAdi gati prApta karatA hai| 2 gati baMdhana pariNAma isase jIva pratiniyata gati karma kA baMdha karatA hai jaise jIva narakAyu svabhAva se manuSya gati,tiryaMca gati nAmakarma kA baMdha karatA hai| deva gati aura naraka gati kA baMdha nahIM krtaa| 3 sthiti pariNAma isase jIva sthiti (antarmuhUrta se taitIsa sAgara) kA baMdha karatA hai| 4 sthiti baMdhana pariNAma isake mAdhyama se jIva vartamAna Ayu ke pariNAma se bhAvI AyuSya kI niyata sthiti kA baMdha karatA hai| jaise-tiryam Ayu pariNAma se deva AyuSya kA utkRSTa baMdha aThAraha sAgara kA hotA hai| 5 Urdhva gaurava pariNAma gaurava kA artha hai -gmn| isa ke mAdhyama se Urdhvagamana karatA hai| 6 adho gaurava pariNAma isase jIva kA adhogamana hotA hai| 7 tiryag gaurava pariNAma isase tiryag gamana kI zakti prApta hotI hai| 8 dIrgha gaurava pariNAma isake mAdhyama se jIva lokAnta taka gamana karatA hai| 9 hrasva gaurava pariNAma isase jIva hasva gamana (thor3A gamana) karatA hai|75(kh) gati- Agati, cyavana, upapAta sthAnAMga meM ye cAroM zabda pAribhASika haiN|76(k) gati - vartamAna bhava se AgAmI bhava meM jaanaa| Agati - pUrvabhava se vartamAna bhava meM aanaa| 202 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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cyavana - Upara se nIce aanaa| jyotiSa aura vaimAnika deva Upara se nIce Akara janma lete haiM isaliye unakI mRtyu cyavana kahalAtI hai| upapAta - deva, nAraka kA jnm| prazna ho sakatA hai jIva marakara ina gatiyoM meM kyoM jAtA hai ? manuSya marakara manuSya athavA, tiryaJca marakara punaH tiryaJca hI hotA hai yA unakA utkramaNa, apakramaNa bhI saMbhava hai ? kAraNa kI mImAMsA karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki ina gatiyoM meM utpatti kA mukhya ghaTaka hai - lezyA / AyubaMdha ke samaya lezyA ke azubha hone para apakramaNa aura zubha hone para utkramaNa ho sakatA haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya eka dArzanika mAnyatA thI ki jo jIva jaisA hai| janmAntara meM bhI vaha vaisA hI rahatA hai| use janmAntara sAdRzyavAda kahA jA sakatA hai| gaNadharavAda ke anusAra Arya sudharmA isa mAnyatA ke pakSadhara the| janmAntara sAdRzyavAdI kI mAnyatA thI - manuSya sadA manuSya rahatA hai, pazu pazu hii| strI sadA strI ke rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai| kisI bhI jIva kI gati athavA yoni meM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| anekAMtika cintana kA phalita hogA ki aparivartanIyatA amuka kAlAMza taka ho sakatI hai| vaha sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika nahIM haiN| sthAnAMga meM jIvoM ke janma-maraNa rUpa cakra ko kAyasthiti evaM bhavasthiti do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| kAya sthiti - eka hI prakAra ke zarIra athavA kAya meM nirantara janma lenA kAyasthiti hai| bhava sthiti - eka hI prakAra kA janma lenA bhavasthiti hai| 76 (kha) deva aura nAraka mRtyu ke anantara puna: usI yoni meM janma nahIM lete ata: unake kevala bhavasthiti hotI hai, kAyasthiti nhiiN| manuSya aura paMcendriya tiryaJca mRtyu ke anantara apanI-apanI yoni meM lagAtAra sAta-ATha bAra janma le sakate haiN| 77 isa saMdarbha meM manuSya mara kara manuSya, pazu marakara pazu hotA hai - isa siddhAMta ko mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM kAlAMza kI carcA bhI upayogI rhegii| kAlAMza ke tIna prakAra hai- zUnyakAla, azUnyakAla, mizrakAla | zUnya kAla - kisI bhI vivakSita vartamAna meM jisa gati meM jitane jIva haiN| unameM se kriyA aura punarjanma 203

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saba ke saba vahAM se nikala jAte haiN| eka bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA, vaha kAlAMza zUnyakAla kahalAtA hai|78 azUnyakAla- jisa gati meM jitane jIva haiM, unameM se na koI janma letA hai, na koI maratA hai, vaha azUnyakAla hai| mizrakAla-jisa gati meM jitane jIva haiM, unameM se kucha nikala kara dUsarI gati meM janma lekara punaH vahIM utpanna ho jAte haiM, kucha vahIM rahate haiN| unameM se eka bhI jIva raha jAtA hai to vaha mizra kAlAMza kahalAtA hai|80 zUnyakAla meM purAnI pIr3hI samApta ho jAtI hai aura naI pIr3hI janma letI rahatI hai| azUnyakAla meM jIvoM kA Agamana aura nirgamana donoM ruka jAte haiN| yaha sthiti naraka. manuSya aura devagati meM utkRSTataH bAraha varSa taka rahatI hai| vikalendriya aura sammUrchima tiryaJca-paMcendriya meM yaha sthiti antarmuhUrta taka rahatI hai| 1 mizrakAla meM Agamana-nirgamana cAlu rahate haiN| pratyAkhyAna kI bhUmikA AyuSya baMdha meM pratyAkhyAna bhI nimitta banatA hai| jaise- vaimAnika ke atirikta zeSa teIsa daNDakoM ke AyuSya kA baMdha apratyAkhyAnI jIva hI karate haiN| sAdhu pratyAkhyAnI, zrAvaka pratyAkhyAnA pratyAkhyAnI hote haiM isaliye unakA vaimAnika ke atirikta kisI anya gati ke AyuSya kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| jayAcArya ne usakA spaSTa ullekha karate hue likhA hai vaimAnika devatA ko Aukho, pacakhANI piNa baaNdhe| apacakhANavaMta piNa bAMdhai, bali pacakhANA pacakhANI baaNdhe| zeSa tevIsa daMDaka no Aukho, apacakhANI baaNdhe| pacakhANI ne pacakhANApacakhANI narakAdika Ayu na saadh||82 karma-baMdha hote hI vipAka nahIM hotaa| phala pradAna karane kI zakti kA sampAdana zanaiHzanaiH hotA rahatA hai| cUlhe para rakhane ke sAtha hI vastu paka nahIM jAtI, samaya lagatA hai| isI prakAra vividha karmoM ke pAka-kAla kI bhI sImA hai jise abAdhAkAla ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| abAdhAkAla kI samApti ke sAtha hI karma apanA phala denA prAraMbha kara detA hai| karma phala kI do prakRtiyAM haiM- dhruvodayA, adhruvodyaa| 204 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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dhruvodayA-jinakA udaya vyavaccheda kAla taka kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotA hai| adhruvodayA- jinakA udaya vicchinna ho jAtA hai|83 AcArya vIrasena ne karmoM ke udaya aura udIraNA ko vipAka kahA hai|84 AcArya pUjyapAda85 aura akalaMka deva 6 ke anusAra viziSTa yA nAnA prakAra ke pAka kA nAma vipAka hai| AcArya haribhadra 7 AcArya abhayadeva ne vRtti meM vipAka kA artha puNyapApa rUpa karma kA phala kiyA hai| gyArahavAM aMga (zAstra) vipAka sUtra hai| usameM zubha-azubha karmoM ke vipAka kA digdarzana hai| vipAka sUtra ke do vibhAga haiM- sukha-vipAka, du:kh-vipaak| sukhavipAka-sukhavipAka meM subAhukumAra Adi dasa adhyayanoM meM zubha karmoM ke vipAka kI carcA kI gaI hai| duHkhavipAka-duHkhavipAka meM mRgAlor3hA Adi dasa adhyayanoM meM pApa karma ke vipAka kA sAMgopAMga citraNa hai| sAtha hI pratyeka adhyayana meM punarjanma kI sodAharaNa vyAkhyA hai| karmoM kA vipAka sahetuka aura nirhetuka ubhaya rUpa hai| kisI bAhya nimitta ke abhAva meM bhI krodha vedanIya pudgaloM ke tIvra vipAka se akAraNa krodha A jAtA hai, vaha nirhetuka udaya hai|89 svAbhAvika phala-karmaphala kI prApti svAbhAvika rUpa se nimnokta tIna kAraNa se hotI hai gati hetuka udaya-naraka gati meM asAtavedanIya kA udaya tIvra hotA hai| yaha gati hetuka vipAkodaya hai| sthiti hetuka udaya- sarvotkRSTa sthiti meM mithyAtva-moha kA tIvra udaya hotA hai| yaha sthiti hetuka vipAkodaya hai| bhavahetuka udaya- darzanAvaraNa kA saMbaMdha sabhI prANiyoM se hai| nidrA manuSya aura tiryaJca donoM ko AtI hai, deva-nAraka ko nahIM, yaha bhava hetuka vipAkodaya hai| isa prakAra gati, sthiti aura bhava ke nimitta se kaI karmoM kA svata: vipAkodaya ho jAtA hai| kriyA aura punarjanma 205

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naimittika phala kucha karma nimitta pAkara phala dete hai| jaise- pudgala hetuka udaya-kisI ne patthara pheMkA, coTa lagI, usase asAtA kA udaya ho gayA, yaha asAtavedanIya kA pudgala hetuka vipAka udaya hai| kisI ne gAlI dI, krodha bar3ha gayA, yaha krodha vedanIya pudgaloM kA sahetuka vipAka udaya hai| bhojana kiyA, pAcana nahIM huA, ajIrNa ho gayA, usase sambandhitta bImArI ho gii| yaha asAtavedanIya kA vipAka udaya hai| zarAba pIne se nazA chA gyaa| isa prasaMga meM jJAnAvaraNa kA vipAkodaya zarAba pariNamana se huaa| isa prakAra aneka hetuoM se vipAkodaya hotA hai| hetuoM kA saMyoga na ho to una karmoM kA vipAka rUpa meM udaya nahIM hotaa| udaya kA dUsarA prakAra hai- prdeshody| isameM karma-phala kA spaSTa anubhava nahIM hotaa| yaha karma vedana kI aspaSTAnubhUti kI dazA hai| jo karma baMdha hotA hai, vaha bhogA avazya jAtA hai| gautama ne pUchA- bhaMte ! kiye hue karma bhoge binA chUTa nahIM skte| kyA yaha satya hai? mahAvIra-hAM gautama ! satya hai| gautama- bhaMte ! kaise ? mahAvIra- gautama ! maiMne do prakAra ke karma batalAeM hai - pradeza karma 91 aura anubhAga krm|92 jo pradeza-karma haiM, ve niyamataH bhoge jAte haiN| jo anubhAga karma haiM, ve anubhAga rUpa meM kucha bhoga meM Ate haiM, kucha bhoga meM nahIM Ate haiN| 93 baMdha ke prakAra karma pudgaloM ke grahaNa ko baMdha kahA jAtA hai| baMdha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga evaM prdesh| prakRti baMdha- prakRti kA sambandha karma pudgaloM ke svabhAva se hai| 94 jaise-nIma kA svabhAva kaTu hai| gur3a kA svabhAva madhura hai| isI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| karmoM kA svabhAva nirdhAraNa prakRti baMdha kahalAtA hai| svabhAva, prakRti, zIla, AkRti, guNa, dharma,zakti, lakSaNa Adi sabhI ekArthaka haiN| 95 amuka karma-pudgala 206 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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AtmA ke kauna se guNa kA AvAraka, vikAraka yA vighAtaka banegA, yaha svabhAva vyavasthA hai| yahI prakRti baMdha hai| prakRti kI apekSA karmoM ke mUla ATha bheda haiN| uttara bheda 148 haiM jinakA vivecana pUrva adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| uttarottara asaMkhyAta bheda bhI ho jAte haiN| ye sabhI prakRtiyAM puNya-pApa rUpa hotI haiM tathA prakRti baMdha ke antargata AtI hai| sthiti baMdha-karmoM kI AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha rahane kI kAlAvadhi (avasthiti) ko sthitibaMdha kahate haiN|96 jaina karma-graMthoM meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kI vivecanA hai| kisa karma kA kitanA avasthAna aura abAdhAkAla hai ? ina sabhI praznoM kA saMbaMdha sthiti baMdha se hai| anubhAga baMdha-karmoM ke vipAka ko anubhAga baMdha kahate haiN| 97 anubhAga yA rasa kA sambandha karmoM ke vipAka yA phaladAna kI zakti se jur3A huA hai| yaha zakti hI rasa hai| yaha rasa karma ke sAtha anivArya rUpa se jur3A huA hai| manovijJAna ke anusAra bhI cetanA taka pahuMcAne meM rAsAyanika-srAvoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| hamArI cetanA meM jo anubhava yA saMskAra jamA hote haiM, unakI zakti kA nirdhAraNa usa samaya srAvita anta : srAvI graMnthiyoM ke rasAyana para nirbhara karatA hai| karmazAstra ke anusAra rasa hI karma kI zakti kA nirdhAraNa karate haiN| rAgAdi bhAvoM ke tAratamya ke anusAra phaladAna zakti meM bhI nyUnAdhikatA svAbhAvika hai| pUjyapAda ne jaTharAgni kA nidarzana diyA hai| jaTharAgni ke anusAra AhAra kA vividha rUpa se pariNamana hotA hai| vaise hI tIvra, maMda, madhyama kaSAya ke anurUpa karmoM ke rasa tathA sthiti kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| baMdha kI prakRti evaM pradeza ke nirdhAraNa meM kriyA (yoga) kI tathA sthiti evaM anubhAga meM kaSAya kI mukhya bhUmikA hotI hai| kaSAya jitanA tIvra hotA hai, usI ke anusAra karma kA anubhAga, rasa kA baMdha bhI tIvra hotA hai| manovijJAna ke anusAra bhI cetanA meM sUcanA se sambandha sthApita karane vAle rAsAyanika srAvoM kA niyAmaka saMvega hotA hai| pradeza baMdha- karmoM ke dala saMcaya ko pradeza baMdha kahate haiN| kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgaloM kA amuka parimANa meM baMdhanA-pradeza baMdha hai| pradeza kisI bhI padArtha kI sabase choTI avibhakta ikAI kA nAma hai| AkAza ke choTe se choTe avibhAgI aMza kA nAma kriyA aura punarjanma 207

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pradeza hai| akhaMDa AkAza meM pradeza-bheda kI kalpanA karake ananta pradeza kahA hai| usI prakAra sabhI dravyoM meM pRthak-pRthak pradezoM kI gaNanAM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| upacAra se pudgala paramANu bhI pradeza nAma se abhihita hai| isa prakAra karmoM ke dezoM kA jIva ke pradezoM kA paraspara milanA pradeza baMdha hai| y jIva ke bhAvoM kI vicitratA ke anusAra karma kI bhI phala dene kI zakti vicitra prakAra kI hotI hai| gaMdhaka, zorA, tejAba Adi ke milane para rAsAyanika prakriyA prAraMbha hotI hai tathA tattva vizeSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| usI prakAra karmoM kA jIva ke sAtha saMyoga hone para rAsAyanika kriyA prAraMbha hotI hai| usase aneka prakAra kI vicitratAeM jIva meM dikhAI detI haiN| karmaphala- saMvibhAga prazna hotA hai ki kyA vyakti apane zubhAzubha karma kA phala dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai? athavA dUsaroM ke karmoM kA phala use prApta ho sakatA hai ? karmaphala kA AdAna-pradAna saMbhava hai yA nahIM ? karmaphala saMvibhAga ke saMdarbha meM jaina, bauddha aura vaidika vicAra dhArAeM bhinna haiM / vaidika dharma ke anusAra vyakti ke zubhAzubha karma kA phala usake pUrvaja yA putroM ko mila jAtA hai| karmaphala kA saMvibhAga saMbhava hai|" saMbhavata: yajJa, zrAddha, tarpaNa kI mAnyatA isa AdhAra para hI vikasita huI haiN| isake viparIta, bauddha darzana meM karmaphala saMvibhAga meM dUsarA saMbhAgI bana sakatA hai kintu kevala zubha karmoM meM hI / pApa kA phala svayaM kartA ko hI bhoganA par3atA hai| 100 (ka) dRSTikoNa se zubhAzubha karmoM kA saMvibhAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| karma aura usake phala kA saMbaMdha kartA ke sAtha hotA hai| 100(kha) bhagavatI ke AdhAra para bhI AtmA svakRta sukha-duHkha kA bhoga karatA hai, parakRta sukha-duHkha kA bhoga nahIM karatA / 101 dUsarA vyakti nimitta ho sakatA hai| nimitta kI dRSTi se yahAM parakRta kahA jA sakatA hai kintu siddhAMta kA AdhAra nimitta nahIM, upAdAna hotA hai| karma kI avasthAeM karma parivartana ke isa siddhAMta ko samajhane ke liye hameM karma kI vibhinna avasthAoM para vicAra karanA hogaa| jaina darzana meM karma kI dasa avasthAeM mAnI gaI hai| karmabaMdha aura ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 208

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udaya ke bIca kitanI avasthAeM ghaTita hotI haiN| ve kisa sImA taka Atma-svAtaMtrya ko prabhAvita yA abhivyakta karatI hai| isa sambandha meM kAphI cintana huA hai| udaya, udIraNA Adi dasa avasthAeM karma - siddhAMta ke vikAsa kI sUcaka hai| 102 gommaTasAra meM dasa avasthAoM ko dasa karaNa kI saMjJA dI hai| jIva ke zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ko karaNa kahA gayA hai| 103 ve dasa avasthAeM isa prakAra haiM ( 1 ) baMdha ( 3 ) udaya (5) udavartanA (7) saMkramaNa (9) nidhati (2) sattA (4) udIraNA (6) apavartanA ( 8 ) upazama ( 10 ) nikAcanA (1) baMdha - baMdha kA sAmAnya artha hai - saMzleSa | jainendra siddhAMta koza ke anusAra aneka padArthoM kA milakara eka ho jAnA baMdha hai| 104 baMdha ke saMdarbha meM AtmA aura karmapudgaloM kA mila jAnA baMdha hai / umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM- kaSAya ke kAraNa jIva kA karma pudgaloM se saMbaMdha ho jAnA hI baMdha hai| 105 AcArya tulasI ne jIva dvArA karma-pudgaloM kA grahaNa tathA kSIra-nIra kI taraha ekIbhUta hone ko baMdha kahA hai| 106 baMdhana AtmA kA anAtmA se, cetana kA jar3a se, dehI kA deha se saMyoga hai| isa saMdarbha meM karma-baMdha ke tIna rUpa prApta hote haiM jIva baMdha- jIva kI paryAya bhUta rAgAdi pravRttiyAM, jo use saMsAra ke sAtha jor3atI hai| ajIva baMdha- paramANuoM meM vidyamAna snigdha- rUkSa sparza se paramANu kA paraspara judd'naa| ubhaya baMdha- Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha honevAlA karma-paramANuoM kA sambandha / (2) sattA - abAdhAkAla yA vidyamAnatA ko sattA kahate haiN| 107 baMdha aura vipAka ke bIca kI avasthA sattA hai| sattAkAla meM karma astitva meM rahate haiM kintu unakA kartRtva prakaTa nahIM hotaa| pratyeka karma apane sattAkAla kI samApti para hI phala dete haiN| kAlamaryAdA pUrNa na hone taka dhAnya-saMgraha ke samAna karma astitva meM hI rahate haiN| - (3) udaya- karma ke vipAka ko udaya kahA hai| 108 sattA kAla pUrNa hone ke sAtha kriyA aura punarjanma 209

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karmoM ke phaladAna kI kriyA udaya kahalAtI hai| karmoM kA udaya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se hotA hai| udaya ke do prakAra haiM- pradezodaya aura vipaakody| pradezodaya- phalAnubhUti karavAye binA jo karma-paramANu Atma-pradezoM meM hI bhoga liye jAte haiM, vaha pradezodaya kahalAtA hai| vipAkodaya- prakRti Adi ke anurUpa spaSTa rUpa meM phala dekara nirjINa ho, vaha vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| jJAtavya yaha hai ki vipAkodaya meM pradezodaya nizcita rahatA hai kintu pradezodaya meM vipAkodaya kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| (4) udIraNA- niyata avadhi se pUrva prayatna pUrvaka karmoM kA udaya, udIraNA kahalAtI hai|109 udIraNA kina karmoM kI hotI hai? isa sandarbha meM zAstrakAra kA mantavya hai ki jisa karma prakRti kA udaya cala rahA ho, usakI sajAtIya karma-prakRti kI udIraNA saMbhava haiN| 10 udIraNA kA dUsarA nAma apakva pAcana hai| udIraNA anudIrNa karmoM kI hotI hai| bhagavatI meM udIraNA ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai-jIva apane utthAna, bala, vIrya, karma, puruSArtha aura parAkrama ke dvArA anudIrNa kintu udIraNA ke prAyogya karmoM kI udIraNA karatA hai|111 sUtrakAra ne 'udIraNA-prAyogya' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai, yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| jina karma pudgaloM kI udIraNA sudUra bhaviSya meM hone vAlI hai athavA jinakI udIraNA hogI hI nhiiN| aise karma-pudgaloM ko udIraNA ke ayogya mAnA hai| upazama, nidhatti aura nikAcanA- ye tIna karaNa udIraNA ke ayogya hote haiN| jisa prakAra DAlI para lagA huA phala sahaja bhAva se bhI pakatA hai aura anya upAyoM se bhI pakatA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kA paripAka bhI sahaja aura prayatnapUrvaka donoM rUpa meM hotA hai| sahaja pakanevAlA dIrghakAla sApekSa hai| prayatna se pakane vAlA phala alpakAla meM niSpanna ho jAtA hai| udIraNA prayatna se pakane vAle phala ke samAna hai| udIraNA purUSArthavAda athavA karma-parivartana kA samarthaka siddhAMta hai| puruSArthavAda aura karma parivartana kA siddhAnta hI kriyAvAda hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra AtmA hai se AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI kiriyAvAI' arthAt AtmA hai, bhava bhramaNa kA sthAna loka hai, bhavabhramaNa kA kAraNa karma hai arthAt bhramaNa ko miTAne kA upAya kriyA hai, puruSArtha hai|111kh paMcasaMgraha meM sahaja udaya ko saMprApti udaya aura udIraNA purassara udaya ko asaMprApti udaya kahA gayA hai| 12 ___(5) udvartanA- sthiti aura anubhAga kI vRddhi ko udvartanA kahate haiN||13 isameM 210 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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karma-sthiti aura rasa kA tIvrIkaraNa hotA hai|114 yaha karma baMdha ke samaya vidyamAna kaSAya kI tIvratA-maMdatA para AdhArita hai| (6) apavartanA-baddha karmoM kI sthiti tathA anubhAga ko adhyavasAya vizeSa se kama kara denA apavartanA hai|115 dhavalA meM kahA-karma pradezoM kI sthiti ke apavartana kA nAma apakarSaNa hai|116 udvartanA aura apavartanA kI vivecanA se isa dhAraNA kA nirasana ho jAtA hai ki sthiti evaM anubhAga meM parivartana nahIM ho sakatA hai| parivartana prayatnavizeSa aura adhyavasAya kI zuddhatA-azuddhatA para nirbhara hai| (7) saMkramaNa- eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM cale jAnA kSetra saMkramaNa hai| eka Rtu ke bAda dUsarI kA AnA kAla-saMkramaNa hai| usI taraha karma jagat meM bhI saMkramaNa hotA hai| sajAtIya karma-prakRtiyoM kA paraspara parivartana saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai|117 jisa adhyavasAya se jIva karma-prakRti kA baMdha karatA hai, usakI tIvratA ke kAraNa pUrvabaddha sajAtIya prakRti ke dalikoM ko badhyamAna prakRti ke dalikoM ke sAtha saMkrAMta kara detA hai, yahI saMkramaNa hai| usakA sAmAnya niyama hai ki saMkramaNa kisI mUla prakRti kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai, anya karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM nahIM hotaa| saMkramaNa sajAtIya meM saMbhava hai, vijAtIya meM nhiiN| yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki AyuSya karma kI cAra prakRtiyoM meM tathA mohanIya karma kI donoM prakRtiyoM- darzana mohanIya, cAritra mohanIya meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| darzana mohanIya kI tIna uttara prakRtiyoM meM bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| saMkramaNa ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM- 1. prakRti saMkramaNa 2. sthiti saMkramaNa 3. anubhAga saMkramaNa 4. pradeza sNkrmnn| ___1. prakRti saMkramaNa-karma kI kisI prakRti kA anya prakRti meM parivartana prakRti saMkramaNa hai| karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| pratyeka karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM hI saMkramaNa hotA hai| vaha bhI sajAtIya meM hotA hai, yaha dhruva niyama hai| udAharaNArtha-mati jJAnAvaraNa kA zruta jJAnAvaraNa meM rUpAntaraNa hotA hai kintu darzanAvaraNa kI uttara prakRtiyoM ke sAtha mati jJAnAvaraNa kA saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| mati jJAnAvaraNa kA zrutajJAnAvaraNa meM parivartana hone para usakA phala bhI zruta jJAnAvaraNa ke anurUpa hI hotA hai| 2. sthiti saMkramaNa-karmoM kI sthiti meM parivartana sthiti saMkramaNa hai| sthiti kA kama yA jyAdA honA kramaza: apavartanA-udvartanA kahalAtI hai| ye bhI samAna jAtIya meM hI saMbhava haiN| kriyA aura punarjanma 211

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3. anubhAga saMkramaNa- baMdhakAlIna rasa meM bhI antara ho sakatA hai| tIvrarasa, maMdarasa meM athavA maMdarasa tIvra rasa meM badala jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM jJAtavya hai ki jisa prakRti kA jahAM taka baMdha hotA hai, usa prakRti kA anya prakRti meM saMkramaNa vahIM taka hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-asAtavedanIya kA baMdha chaThe guNasthAna taka hotA hai| sAtavedanIya kA terahaveM guNasthAna tk| ataH sAtavedanIya kA asAtavedanIya meM saMkramaNa chaThe taka tathA asAtavedanIya kA sAtavedanIya meM rUpAntaraNa terahaveM guNasthAna taka hI saMbhava hai| 4.pradeza saMkramaNa- pradeza saMkramaNa pAMca prakAra kA hai 1. udvelana 2. vidhyAta 3. adha: pravRtta 4. guNa saMkramaNa 5. sarva sNkrmnn| udvelana saMkramaNa- karma prakRtiyoM ke pradezoM (paramANuoM) kA anya prakRti meM pariNamana honaa| vidhyAta saMkramaNa-jina karmoM kA guNa-pratyaya yA bhava-pratyaya se arthAt guNasthAna aura naraka, deva Adi bhava vizeSa ke kAraNa baMdha nahIM hotA, una karmoM kI sattA meM rahI huI prakRtiyoM kA saMkramaNa hotA hai, vaha vidhyAta saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai| adhaH pravRtta saMkramaNa- karma prakRtiyoM ke baMdha aura abaMdha kI dazA meM karma prakRtiyoM ke pradezoM kA svabhAvata: saMkramaNa hotA rahatA hai, use adha: pravRtta saMkramaNa kahate haiN| guNa saMkramaNa-apUrva karaNAdi pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara prati samaya jo pradezoM kA asaMkhyAta guNazreNI rUpa saMkramaNa hotA hai, use guNa saMkramaNa kahate hai| sarva saMkramaNa- vivakSita karma prakRti ke sabhI pradezoM kA eka sAtha anya prakRti meM saMkramaNa honA sarva saMkramaNa hai| saMkramaNa kA yaha siddhAMta mAnasika graMthiyoM se mukti pAne ke upAya ke rUpa meM atyanta upayogI hai| (8) upazama- karmoM ke udaya ko kucha samaya ke liye roka denA upazama hai| upazama meM karma kI sattA samApta nahIM hotI, usakI zakti ko niSkriya banA diyA jAtA hai| isase rAkha se dabI agni kI taraha ve kucha karane meM asamartha ho jAte haiN| (9) nidhatti- nidhatti vaha avasthA hai jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai kintu isa avasthA meM udvartanA tathA apavartanA kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga nyUnAdhika ho sakate haiN| 212 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(10) nikAcanA- isa avasthA meM karmoM kA baMdhana itanA pragAr3ha hotA hai ki unakI kAla-maryAdA evaM tIvratA meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| nikAcanA kI sthiti meM udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa evaM udIraNA ye cAroM karaNa niSprabhAvI ho jAte haiN| AcArya tulasI ne nikAcanA ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai-saba karaNoM ke ayogya avasthA ko nikAcanA kahate haiN|118 __ vaidika paramparA kI kriyamANa, saMcita, prArabdha avasthAeM jaina darzana meM varNita kramaza: baMdha, sattA aura udaya ke samAnArthaka haiN| bauddha darzana meM niyata-vipAkI, sAtikramaNa avasthAeM jaina darzana meM mAnya nikAcanA se tulanIya haiN| karma-phala kA nAza nahIM hotA kintu karma-phala kA sAtikramaNa (saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai| bauddha karma-vicAraNA meM janaka, upasthambhaka, upapIlaka Adi bhI karma kI cAra avasthAeM haiN| bauddha mata kI jaina karma siddhAMta se tulanA kareM to isa prakAra saMbhava hai jaina bauddha janaka upasthambhaka upapIlaka sattA utkarSaNa apakarSaNa upaghAtaka upazama niSkarSa kI bhASA meM udIraNA, udvartanA, apavartanA aura saMkramaNa- ye cAroM hI karma parivartana ke mahattvapUrNa upakrama haiN| isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa jJAtavya yaha hai ki cAroM hI avasthAeM udayAvalikA meM praviSTa karma paramANuoM meM ghaTita nahIM hotI kyoMki unakA udaya nizcita hai|119 manovijJAna aura mUla pravRttiyAM vyaktitva kA vikAsa mUla pravRttiyoM ke rUpAntaraNa para nirbhara hai|120 manovaijJAnikoM ne vyaktitva vikAsa kI dRSTi se mUlabhUta pravRttiyoM meM parivartana kI cAra paddhatiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- 1. avadamana, 2. vilayana, 3. mArgAntarIkaraNa, 4. zodhana yA udaattiikrnn| 1. avadamana-mana meM jo bhI icchA utpanna huI, Avega utpanna huA, use roka denA damana hai| jaina dRSTi se isakI tulanA upazama avasthA se kI jA sakatI hai| jaise kriyA aura punarjanma 213

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gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM moha ko upazAnta kara diyA jAtA hai kintu kucha samaya pazcAt dabA huA kaSAya punaH ubhara jAtA hai| damana vyakti meM sthAI parivartana nahIM lA sakatA / 2. vilayana - pravRtti ko uttejita hone se roka denA vilayana hai| kucha pravRttiyAM mana meM ubharatI hai kintu dUsarI pravRtti sAmane A jAtI hai, taba vaha chUTa jAtI hai athavA pratipakSI vicAra ke dvArA vaha samApta ho jAtI hai| jainAgamoM meM anuprekSA ke siddhAMta ke antargata pratipakSI bhAvanA ke dvArA asad vRttiyoM aura AcaraNoM ko samApta kiyA jAtA hai| dasavaikAlika sUtra meM cAra AvegoM kI pratipakSI bhAvanA kA sundara citraNa hai| krodha ke bhAva ko naSTa karane kSamA kI bhAvanA Avazyaka hai| abhimAna ke pratipakSa meM namratA, mAyA ke pratipakSa meM Arjava aura lobha ke pratipakSa meM saMtoSa yA anAsakti kI bhAvanA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| 12 3. mArgAntarIkaraNa - mArgAntarIkaraNa kA artha hai- rAstA badala denaa| phrAyaDa ke anusAra vyakti ko saMcAlita karane vAlI mUlavRtti ekamAtra kAma hai| isakA mArgAntarIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI vyakti ne sundara strI ko dekhA, vaha usake prati AkRSTa hotA hai kintu prApta nahIM hone para vaha AkarSaNa kI dizA ko badala detA hai| yaha mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| 4. udAttIkaraNa - isa prakriyA meM AvegoM kA pUrNa zodhana kara diyA jAtA hai| karma - zAstra kI bhASA meM use kSayopazama yA kSayIkaraNa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / udAttIkaraNa kI prakriyA kSayopazama kI prakriyA hai| jisameM karmoM ke kucha doSoM ko sarvathA kSINa aura kucha doSoM kA upazamana kara diyA gyaa| usameM eka prakAra kI zuddhatA kI sthiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mukhya sUtra tIna haiM- vilayana, mArgAntarIkaraNa aura udAttIkaraNa | gautama ne pUchA- bhaMte! dharma zraddhA se kyA prApta hotA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA - dharma zraddhA se anutsukatA paidA hotI hai / 1 22 bAharI duniyA meM jo AkarSaNa hotA hai, indriya-viSayoM meM utsukatA hotI hai, sAdhanA kA vikAsa hone para vaha kama hotI jAtI hai| yahI mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA sAdhanA ke vikAsa kI prakriyA hai| vastutaH mohakarma kI vibhinna prakRttiyoM kA kramika kSayopazama, upazama yA kSaya hI cetanA ke UrdhvArohaNa kA upAya hai| 214 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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jaineTika vijJAna ke anusAra jIna ko badala kara pUre vyaktitva kA parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai|123 yaha badalane kI prakriyA hai, usa prakriyA se samagra cetanA ko nayA AyAma diyA jAtA hai| manovijJAna meM vyaktitva kA aMkana mukhyata: tIna AdhAroM para kiyA jAtA haiAnuvAMzikatA, paryAvaraNa aura vyaktigata sNskaar| kintu kevala ina AdhAroM para vyakti ke vyaktitva kI samagra vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| AnuvaMzikatA AcaraNa aura vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatI hai| paryAvaraNa kA bhI vyaktitva para prabhAva par3atA hai| inase bhI mahattvapUrNa tattva jInsa hai| jIna ke siddhAMta kI tulanA yadi karma se kI jAye to aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| AnuvaMzikatA Adi kA sambandha vartamAna jIvana se hai| karma kA sambandha jIva se hai, jisameM aneka janma kI pratikriyAeM saMcita hotI haiN| karma kI prakRti meM parivartana kA siddhAMta bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| baMdhakAla meM karma ke paramANu eka prakAra ke hote haiM, bAda meM una paramANuoM kI jAti badala jAtI hai| nasla parivartana kA siddhAMta isakA poSaka hai| Adhunika jIvavijJAna kI naI avadhAraNAeM saMkramaNa siddhAMta kI upajIvI haiN| jInsa ko badala kara pUrI pIr3hI kA kAyAkalpa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta purUSArtha kA siddhAMta hai| apane sad-asad AcaraNa se pApa aura puNya ko kramazaH puNya aura pApa meM pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM isa pariprekSya meM cAra vikalpoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| 124 1. subhe nAmamege subha vivaage| 2. subhe nAmamege asubha vivaage| 3. asubhe nAmamege subha vivaage| 4. asubhe nAmamege asubha vivaage| eka karma baMdhana ke samaya zubha hotA hai para vipAka taka pahuMca azubha bana jAtA hai| eka karma baMdhana ke samaya azubha hotA hai| paripAka kAla meM vaha puNya rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| kucha karma baMdha ke samaya zubha-azubha hote haiM, pariNAma meM bhI yathAvata rahate haiN| purUSArtha yA prayatna sApekSatA isameM eka kAraNa hai| sthAnAMga kI taraha bauddha sAhitya se bhI uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai-125 1. kitane hI karma aise hote haiM jo kRSNa hote hai aura kRSNa vipAkI hote haiN| kriyA aura punarjanma 215

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2. kitane hI karma aise hote hai jo zukla hote hai aura zukla vipAkI hote haiN| 3. kitane hI karma kRSNa-zukla mizra hote hai, vaise hI vipAka vAle hote haiN| 4. kitane hI karma akRSNa-zukla hote hai aura akRSNa-zukla vipAkI hote haiN| puNya kA phala puNya evaM pApa kA phala pApa-ye do vikalpa nirvivAda haiM, buddhi gamya haiM, svAbhAvika haiN| puNya kA vipAka pApa aura pApa kA vipAka puNya- ye do vikalpa sahaja buddhi gamya nahIM haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ke abhimata meM jAti parivartana karmavAda kA bahuta bar3A rahasya hai| isake AdhAra para parivartana kA siddhAMta nissaMdeha satya hai| puNya baMdha hotA hai, usameM sAre karma-paramANu puNya rUpa hote haiM kintu bAda meM aisA purUSArtha kiyA jAtA haiM jisase puNya pApa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai, sukha ke hetu haiM, ve duHkha ke hetu bana jAte haiN| isI prakAra sat purUSArtha se pApa ke paramANu puNya meM badala diye jAte haiN| 126 jaina darzana meM mAnya saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta isI puruSArtha kI mUlyavattA ko pratiSThita karatA hai| kucha sthitiyAM aisI haiM, jahAM saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta lAgU nahIM hotA hai| unakA nirdeza pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| bhagavatI sUtra kA prasaMga bhI karma-parivartana kA saMvAdI hai| gautama ne pUchA- bhaMte ! jIva evaMbhUta vedanA vedate haiM athavA anevaMbhUta vedanA ? mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! jIva evaMbhUta vedanA kA anubhava bhI karate haiM aura anevaMbhUta vedanA kA bhii| evaMbhUta kA artha hai- karmoM kA jisa rUpa meM baMdhana kiyA thA, usI rUpa meM bhognaa| anevaMbhUta kA artha hai- karmoM ko anyathA karake bhognaa| 127 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM karma grahaNa ko jIva ke AdhIna mAnA hai aura phala bhoga ke saMdarbha meM jIva kI parAdhInatA batalAI hai128 kintu yaha kathana sArvabhauma nahIM hai| karmoM ke do prakAra haiM-nidhatta aura nikaacit| nidhatta karma paramANuoM meM sadA parivartana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isa prakAra ke karmoM ke phala bhoga meM jIva svataMtra hai| nikAcita karmoM ke bhoga meM jIva parataMtra ho sakatA hai| athavA pradezodaya kI dRSTi se parataMtra aura vipAkodaya kI dRSTi se svataMtra hai| ina karma zAstrIya rahasyoM ke udghATana ke lie svataMtra anusaMdhAna kI apekSA hai| isa prakAra vyakti jo bhI pravRtti karatA hai, usase karma baMdha hotA hai| pravRtti kA phaleta hai - karmoM kA arjn| kriyA aura karma kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| pratyeka kriyA 216 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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pariNAma ko sAtha lekara calatI hai| kriyA aura karma meM kAlakSepa nahIM hotA hai, ye sahacArI hai / kriyA ke sAtha hI tatkAla karma baMdha ho jAtA hai| vaha kaba taka sAtha rahegA, isakA svataMtra niyama hai| karma kI vidyamAnatA meM punarjanma nizcita hai| punarjanma kI svIkRti meM hI AtmavAda, karmavAda, kriyAvAda aura nirvANavAda kI sArthakatA hai| yahI AcAra - zAstra kA AdhAra hai| pavitra jIvana kI preraNA hai| pavitra AcAra, vyavahAra vyaktigata sukha-zAMti kA hetu hai, sAtha hI sAmAjika aura rASTrIya caritra ko prabhAvita kara use svasthatA pradAna karane vAlA hai| saMdarbha sUci 1. (ka) AcArAMga ; 4/46 1. (kha) karmavAda aura janmAntara, pR. 24 2. kaivalyopaniSad; 1 / 14 3. paJcAstikAya; gA. 17 4. sarvArthasiddhi; 34 pR. 208 5. pArzvanAthacAritra; 9/3 6. uttarAdhyayana; adhyAya 9 7. vahI; 13/5-7 tIse ya jAIi u pAviyAe, vucchAmu sovAga nivesaNesu / savvassa logassa dugaMchaNijjA, ihaM tu kammAI purekaDAI || 19 || 8. vahI ; 19 / 6-7 sAhussa darisaNe tassa, ajjhavasANammi sohaNe / mohaMgayassa santassa, jAI saraNaM samuppanna || 9. vahI ; 14 vAM adhyayana 10. (ka) AcArAMga bhASya, pR. 20 10. (kha) sAMkhyasUtra 6/41 11. sAMkhya pravacana, bhASya 6/9 12. vaizeSika darzana, prazastapAda bhASya 13. pAtaMjala yogadarzana 2/2 kriyA aura punarjanma 217

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14. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR . 478 15. majjhima nikAya 3/4/5 16. Rgveda 10/57/5, 1/1/64, yajurveda, 36/39 17. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/6, __ muNDakopaniSad, 1/2/9-10, vRhadA. 6/2/8, 4/4/3 18. manusmRti 12/40,12/549 19. gItA, 8/15-16,4/5 20. dravya-saMgraha TIkA; gA. 42 21. vyAkhyA-prajJapti 21-24-8 sU. 18 22. AdhyAtmika rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA kANDa 9/14 23. astitva kA mUlyAMkana pR. 3-4 24. vahI pR. 3-4 25. (ka) nyAya sUtra 31/18 (kha) prameya-ratna mAlA 4/8 26. (ka) aSTasahastrI, hindI anuvAda pR. 354 __(kha) jaina darzana: svarUpa aura vizleSaNa pR. 494 27. karmavAda aura janmAntara pR. 196-199 28. paramAtma prakAza 1/71 29. parIkSAmukha 3/5 30. prameya-ratna mAlA 4/8 pR. 296 31. sarvArthasiddhi 3/4 pR. 208 32. bhagavatI 7/10 33. uttarAdhyayana; 7/20 34. (ka) uttarAdhyayana; 13/23 (kha) vahI; 4/3 teNe jahA saMdhi-muhe gahIe, sakammaNA kiccai paavkaarii| evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe, kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi|| 35. (ka) nyAyAvatAra; 3/2/61 (kha) jaina,bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana;pR. 323 218 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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36. abhidhammattha saMgraha, 5 / 19, vizuddhi magga; 19/16 37. abhidhammattha saMgraha; 5/19 38. pAtaJjala yogadarzana, 2/4 39. yoga darzana, prastAvanA; pR. 54 40. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva; 181 / 16 41. praznopaniSad : 3/7 42. zvetAzvataropaniSad : 5/7 43. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad : 4/45 44. vizuddhimaggo; 17/88 45. sAMkhyakArikA; 44 46. yoga sUtra 2 / 14, yoga bhASya; 2 / 12 47. nyAyamaMjarI; pR. 472 48. vRhadAraNyaka; 3/2/13 49. tattvArtha sUtra; 6/3-4 50. manusmRti a; 123 51. tatvArtha sUtra; 6/19 ni:zIla vratatvaM ca sarveSAm / 52. sthAnAMga; 4/628 - 629 53. paNNavaNA; 6/114-123 54. bhagavatI vRtti; 6/151 niSekazca karmapudgalAnAM prtismymnubhvnaarthrcneti| 55. paJca saMgraha (digambara), zataka gA. 395 kI saMskRta TIkA; pR. 246 56. bhagavatI vRtti; 6 / 151 57. bhagavaI bhASya; za. 6 / 8, pR. 302, 303 58. vahI; 5/59 59. vahI; 5/60 60. vahI; 5/62 61. vahI, 5/58 62. vahI; 6/151 kriyA aura punarjanma 219

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63. (ka) vahI; 1/420 - 421 (kha) vahI; 5/57-58 64. vahI; 15/101 65. pAtaJjala yoga darzana; 2/13 66. bhagavati vRtti; 1/4/21 67. pAtaJjala yoga darzana; 2/13 vyAsa bhASya pR. 151 68. bhagavatI vRtti; 5/58 sarvajIvAnAM sarvAyuH saMvedanena sarvabhavabhavanaprasaMga iti| 69. bhagavatI vRtti; 5/57 70. bhagavatI bhASya; 1/342-343 71. (ka) paNNavaNA; 6/114-116, (kha) tattvArtha sUtra bhASya; pR. 2/51 pR.219, bhagavatI bhASya; za.5/59-61 72. uttarAdhyayana; 36/56 73. tattvArtha sUtra; 2/29 74. jhINI carcA, DhAla 17; gA.13 75. (ka) sthAnAMga vRtti; patra 430 pariNAma : svabhAva : zakti : dharma iti / 75. (kha) ThANAMga, pR. 882 76. (ka) sthAnAMga; 1/25-28 (kha) sthAnAMga; 2/259-261, uttarAdhyayana; 10/5-13 77. (ka) jIvAjIvAbhigama; 9/212 (kha) sthAnAMga; 2/259-261 78. bhagavatI vRtti; 1/106 79. vahI; 1/106 80. vahI; 1/106 81. vahI; 1/106 82. bhagavatI jor3a; 2/102/18-22 83. karma-graMtha; paMcama 6-7 220 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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84. dhavalA; 14/10 /2, 14/5-6 85. sarvArthasiddhi; 8/21/398/3 86. tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 8 / 21 / 1 /583/13 87. naMdI haribhadrayA vRtti; pR. 105 88. vipAka sUtra, abhayadeva vRtti, uddhRta ThANaM, pR. 1001 89. sthAnAMga; 4/1/249 - kI TIkA AkrozAdikAraNanirapekSa: kevala krodhavedanIyodayAt yo bhavati so'pratiSThitaH / 90. prajJApanA; 23/1/293 91. bhagavatI vRtti; 1 /4/40 92. vahI; 1/4/40 93. prajJApanA; 23/1/292 94. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4/8 sAmAnyopAttakarmaNA svabhAva: prakRttiH / 95. jainendra siddhAMta koza; bhA. 1 pR. 87 96. jaina tattva prakAza; 4/9 kAlAvadhAraNaM sthiti: 97. vahI; 4/10 vipAko'nubhAgaH 98. vahI; 4/11 (dalasaMcaya : pradeza : 1 ) 99. (ka) mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva ); gorakhapura, 1291 (kha) gItA rahasya ; pR. 268 100. (ka) jaina bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 316 100. (kha) uttarAdhyayana; 4 / 4, 13 / 10, 13, 20/37 101. bhagavatI; 1/2/64 102. jaina darzana- manana aura mImAMsA; pR. 167 103. dhavalA; 1/1, 1/16/180/1 104. jainendra siddhAMta koza, bhA. 2; pR. 4 105. tattvArtha sUtra; 8/2-3 106. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; pR. 74 107. vahI; 4/5 abAdhAkAlo vidyamAnatA ca sattA / kriyA aura punarjanma 221

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108. sarvArthasiddhi; 6/14/332 - udayo: vipAka / 109. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4/5 niyata kAlAt prAk udayaH udIraNA / 110. jainendra siddhAMta koza, prathama bhAga, pR. 111. bhagavatI; 1 / 140 111. (kha) AcArAMga, 1/5 112. paMca saMgraha; gA. 253 113. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA ; pR 68 - karmaNA sthityanubhAgavRddhiH udvartanA 114. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, jIva tattva-pradIpikA TIkA; 438, 591 115. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4/5 sthityanubhAgahAni apavartanA / 116. dhavalA; 10/4-2, 4/21, 53/2 117. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; pR. 74 sajAtIya prakRtinAM mithaH parivartanam saMkramaNaH / 118. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4/5, samasta karaNAyogyatvam nikAcanA / 119. jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA; pR. 298-299 120. manovijJAna aura zikSA, DaoN. sarayUprasAda caube, pAMcavAM saMskaraNa 1960, pR. 183 - 121. dasavaikAlika; 8/37 koho pIiM paNAse, mANo viNaya nAsaNo / mAyA mittANi nAsei, loho savva viNAsaNo // 122. uttarAdhyayana; 29-3 dhamma saddhAe NaM bhante ! jIve kiM jaNayai ? dhammasaddhANaM sAyAsokkhesu rajjamANe virajjai / agAradhammaM ca NaM cayai aNagAre NaM jIve sArIra-mANasANaM dukkhANaM cheyaNabheyaNa-saMjogAINaM voccheyaM karei avvAbAhaM ca suhaM nivvatte || 123. karmavAda; pR. 220 124. sthAnAMga; 4 / 287 222 125. aMguttara nikAya; 4/232-233 126. jaina bhAratI, disambara aMka 12; san 2000 127. bhagavatI; 5/118 128. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya; gA. 1939 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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paMcama adhyAya kriyA aura antakriyA bandhana aura mukti bhAratIya darzanoM kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya rahA hai| jaina darzana meM bandhana kA hetu Azrava tathA mukti kA sAdhana saMvara aura nirjarA ko mAnA gayA haiN| antakriyA saMvara aura nirjarA kI viziSTa prakriyA hai| isakA prayoga mukti se pUrva kiyA jAtA hai| isa adhyAya meM bandhana aura mukti meM kriyA kI bhUmikA ko yoga, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura antakriyA ke pariprekSya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kriyA aura yoga eka zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| yoga zabda bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM kriyA ke lie yoga zabda kA vyavahAra hotA rahA hai| pAtaJjala yoga meM yoga zabda samAdhi ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra yoga kriyA kA vAcaka bhI hai aura samAdhi kA bhii| yuj dhAtu jaba ghaJ pratyaya se saMpRkta hotI hai taba yoga zabda niSpanna hotA hai| maharSi pataJjalI ne cittavRtti ke nirodha ko yoga kahA hai|' bauddhoM ne yoga kA artha samAdhi kiyA hai| Rgveda meM yoga zabda kA aneka sthaloM para vyavahAra huA hai kintu pAtaJjala yoga kI taraha dhyAna-samAdhi ke rUpa meM nahIM, jor3ane artha meM huA hai| isa prakAra yoga zabda ke aneka artha haiN| unameM yoga zabda ke saMyojita karanA aura mana kI samAdhi ye do artha adhika prasiddha haiN| vartamAna yuga meM yoga zabda kA vyavahAra 'yogA' ke rUpa meM hotA hai jo vizeSataH Asana aura prANAyAma ke prayoga ke artha meM prayukta hai| yoga kI paribhASA jaina Agama sAhitya meM yoga zabda kA vyavahAra vaidika evaM bauddhoM se bhinna artha meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM yoga ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya tulasI kriyA aura antakriyA 223

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ne likhA 'kAyavAGmanovyApAro yoga : ' arthAt mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti yoga hai| S sUkSma rUpa meM mana, vacana aura kAya ke nimitta se hone vAlA AtmA kA spandana yoga 'varyAntarAya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama tathA nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta labdhi yoga kI prayojaka hotI hai| vIrya saMpanna AtmA kA mana, vacana, kAya vargaNAnimittaka Atmapradeza kA parispaMda yoga hai| 7 yoga ke prakAra yoga ke saMkSepa meM do prakAra haiM- dravyayoga aura bhaavyog| dravyayoga paudgalika hai| bhAva yoga Atmika pariNati hai / kevalI kA kAyayoga evaM vacana yoga- ye donoM bhAva yoga haiM kintu manoyoga dravya yoga hai| yoga zubha aura azubha donoM hote haiN| mokSa tattva kI pradhAnatA aura gauNatA se usake sAvadya - niravadya bheda bhI upalabdha haiN| inake alAvA yoga ke tIna prakAra bhI haiM- manoyoga, vacana yoga aura kAya yog| adhyavasAya, pariNAma aura lezyA bhI eka prakAra kI kriyA, parispaMdana hI haiM kintu ve ati sUkSma hone se yoga ke antargata nahIM Ate haiN| yoga sthUla spaMdana hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ke nimitta se AtmA meM jo spaMdana hotA hai vaha mUlataH eka hI prakAra kA hai kintu vivakSA yA nimitta bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai - mAnasika kriyA (manoyoga), vAcikakriyA ( vacana yoga ) aura zArIrika kriyA (kAya yoga ) / ata: jaina darzana meM yoga aura kriyA donoM zabda ekArthaka hai| ( 1 ) manoyoga - mana hamArI pravRtti kA sUkSma aura mukhya kAraNa hai| mana ke dvArA hone vAlA AtmA kA prayatna manoyoga hai| usake satya, asatya, mizra aura vyavahAra ke bheda se cAra prakAra kiye gaye haiN| unake bhI cAra prakAra haiM- satya mana yoga, asatya mana yoga, mizra mana yoga aura vyavahAra mana yoga / ( 2 ) vacana yoga - bhASA dvArA hone vAlA AtmA kA prayatna vacanayoga hai| bhedaprabheda manoyoga vat hI samajhe jA sakate haiN| (3) kAya yoga- zarIra dvArA hone vAlA AtmA kA prayatna kAyayoga hai| kAyayoga kA sambandha zarIra ke sAtha hai| zarIra pAMca haiM- audArika, vaikriya, AhAra, taijasa aura kaarmnn| inakI svatantra tathA saMyukta kriyA ke AdhAra para kAyayoga ke sAta prakAra kiye gaye haiM- audArika, audArika mizra, vaikriya, vaikriya mizra, AhAraka, AhAraka mizra aura kArmaNa kAyayoga / cArTa ke dvArA bhI ise spaSTatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 224

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yoga manayoga kAya yoga ___manayoga vacana yoga kAya yoga satya asatya mizra vyavahAra satya asatya mizra vyavahAra audArika audArika mizra vaikriya vaikriya mizra AhAraka AhAraka mizra kArmaNa yoga aura karmabaMdha bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra karmabaMdha ke mUlataH do kAraNa haiM- pramAda aura yog| udAharaNArtha gautama ne pUchA- bhagavana! jIva kAMkSA mohanIya karma bAMdhatA hai ? bhagavAna- gautama! bAMdhatA hai| gautama- bhagavan ! vaha kina kAraNoM se baMdhatA hai ? bhagavAna- gautama! usake do hetu hai-pramAda aura yog| gautama- bhagavan! pramAda kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAna-yoga se| gautama- yoga kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAna- zarIra se| gautama- zarIra kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAna-jIva se| tAtparya hai ki jIva zarIra kA nirmAtA hai| kriyAtmaka vIrya kA sAdhana zarIra hai| zarIradhArI jIva hI pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karma (kAMkSA-mohanIya) kA baMdha karatA hai| pratyayahetu (pariNAmI kAraNa) pramAda aura nimitta hetu yoga hai| yoga (kriyA) kA astitva terahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatA hai| karma baMdha terahaveM guNasthAna taka nirantara hotA rahatA hai| sakaSAyI ke hone vAlA sAMparAyika baMdha hai| akaSAyI ke IryApathika baMdha hai| kaSAya rahita kevala yogajanya baMdha IryApathika hai| yaha gyArahaveM se terahaveM guNasthAna taka pAyA jAtA hai| ina guNasthAnoM meM kaSAyoM kA abhAva hai kintu yogoM kI caMcalatA se baMdha kriyA aura antakriyA 225

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hotA hai yadyapi vaha alpakAlika hI hai| jaise- sUkhI dIvAra para miTTI DAlane se vaha dIvAra kA sparza kara tatkAla alaga ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra IryApathika baMdha meM karma paramANuoM kA sparza mAtra hotA hai| isameM baMdha kI sthiti do samaya kI hI hotI hai| karma pahale kSaNa meM baMdhate haiN| dUsare kSaNa meM nirjIrNa ho jAte haiN| baMdhana kI prakriyA meM kaSAya aura yoga kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa hai / kaSAya kA sambandha sthiti evaM anubhAga se hai, yoga prakRti aura pradeza se / yadyapi kriyA ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kaSAyoM se hotA hai kintu nikaTavartI kAraNa kI dRSTi se baMdhana meM yoga kI hI mukhya bhUmikA rahatI hai| isa prasaMga meM dhyAtavya tathya yaha hai ki caudahaveM guNasthAna meM vIryAntarAya karma kA kSaya hone para bhI kriyA kA nirodha hone se caudahaveM guNasthAna meM yoga nahIM pAyA jaataa| vaha ayoga meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / " prazna ho sakatA hai ki manoyoga, vacanayoga meM kAyayoga kA saMbaMdha kisI na kisI rUpa meM hotA hI hai| ata: eka kAyayoga hI paryApta hai? AcArya mahAprajJajI ke anusAra vastuta: kAyayoga hI eka mAtra yoga hai kintu kAryabheda se eka ke hI tIna rUpa ho jAte haiN| jaba kAyayoga manana karane meM sahayogI banatA hai taba manoyoga kahalAtA hai| vacanayoga meM sahayogI banatA hai taba vacanayoga kahalAtA hai / nizcita dRSTi se tInoM yoga alaga-alaga na hokara kAyayoga ke hI tIna prakAra haiN| tInoM pudgala rUpa haiM / pudgala kA pariNamana Atma-sApekSa hai| isa dRSTi se tInoM yoga eka hI hai| yoga Azrava kA ullekha prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai / vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se isa sandarbha meM do paramparAeM upalabdha haiN| eka paramparA zubha-azubha donoM prakAra kI pravRtti (kriyA) ko yogAzrava meM samAhita karatI hai| dUsarI paramparA kevala azubhapravRttiyoM ko yogAzrava svIkAra karatI hai| isameM devendra sUri pramukha haiN| unhoMneM aprazasta yA azubha mana, vacana, kAyA ke vyApAra ko yoga Azrava mAnA hai| a umAsvAti tathA anya aneka AcAryoM ne yogAzrava meM zubha-azubha donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM kA samAveza kiyaa|' AcArya bhikSu ne isa viSaya meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra zubhayoga nirjarA kA hetu hai ata: usakA samAveza yoga Azrava meM nahIM hotA kintu nirjarA ke sAtha puNya kA baMdha hotA hai, isa dRSTi se zubha kriyAoM ko yoga Azrava ke antargata liyA gayA hai| 226 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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yogAzrava jIva yA ajIva mohanIya karma ke do bheda hai- cAritramohanIya, drshnmohniiy| cAritra mohanIya ke udaya se jIva sAvadha kAryoM meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| sAvadha kArya yogAzrava hai| Azrava jIva kA pariNAma haiN| ata: yogAzrava bhI jIva hai, yaha sahajasiddha hai| yogAzrava meM yadi azubhayoga kA hI grahaNa ho aura vahI Azrava hotA to azubhayoga nirodha ko saMvara kahA jAtA, kintu aisA kahIM ullekha nhiiN| sarvatra-yoga nirodha ko hI saMvara kahA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya hai yogAzrava meM zubha-azubha donoM yogoM kA samAveza hai|10 terApaMtha ke pravartaka AcArya bhikSu ke samaya meM eka mata yaha bhI rahA ki tIna yogoM ke atirikta cauthA yoga kArmaNa bhI haiM, jo sarvathA bhinna hai| yogAzrava meM yahI AtA hai, prathama tIna nhiiN| AcArya bhikSu ne cauthe yoga kI mAnyatA ko mithyA siddha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA- puNya ke kartA tInoM yoga niravadya haiN| pApa kA upArjana karane vAle yoga sAvadha haiN| yaugika pravRtti Atma-pradezoM kI caMcalatA hai| vyakti meM jaba Atma-zakti, bala, aura parAkrama kA visphoTa hotA hai taba Atma pradezoM meM kaMpana hotA hai, nAma karma usameM sahayogI banatA hai| vahI mUlata: yoga hai| isake alAvA, cauthe yoga kI dhAraNA tarka kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utaratI hai| AcArya bhikSu ke samaya meM eka prazna uThA-zubha yoga saMvara hai aura pAMcoM cAritra bhI saMvara hai| kyA zubha yoga ko cAritra kahA jA sakatA hai ? AcArya bhikSu ne kahA- yaha jaina mAnyatA se viparIta hai| zubhayoga aura zubhayoga-saMvara bhinna hai| zubhayoga cala dazA, jabaki cAritra sthira dazA hai| cAritra cAritrAvaraNIya karma ke upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama se prApta hotA hai| yadi zubhayoga saMvara hai to terahaveM guNasthAna meM mana, vacana Adi kI pravRtti ko rokane kA nirdeza hai| saMvara ko rokane kI kyA apekSA hai| yadi yathAkhyAta cAritra bhI zubhayoga saMvara hai to caudahaveM guNasthAna meM ayogI siddha kaise hogaa| ata: zubhayoga aura cAritra ko eka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kriyA aura Azrava AtmA meM ananta vIrya, zakti yA sAmarthya hai| yaha zuddha Atmika vIrya hotA hai| AtmA aura zarIra donoM ke sAhacarya se utpanna vIrya kriyA kA rUpa hotA hai| isa kriyA ke dvArA hone vAle kaMpana ke sAtha jaba bAharI karma pudgaloM kA yoga hotA hai aura unameM paraspara kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai, taba baMdhana hotA hai| isa prakriyA ko Azrava kahA jAtA hai|11 kriyA aura antakriyA 227

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vastuta: yoga aura Azrava do tattva nahIM hai| jahAM yoga hai, vahAM Azrava nizcita hI hai| isalie tattvArtha sUtra meM Azrava ko pAribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki karmAkarSaNa kA hetubhUta Atma-pariNAma Azrava haiN| 12 kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAeM yoga aura yoga hI Azrava haiN| tInoM yogoM ko Azrava kahA hai| yoga ke dvArA hI AtmA meM karma pudgaloM kA AzravaNa hotA hai / karmAsrava kA nimitta hone se yoga hI Azrava hai| AcArAMga ke bhASyakartA AcArya mahAprajJa bhI likhate haiM ki kriyA karma pudgaloM kA AzravaNa karatI hai isaliye usakA dUsarA nAma Azrava hai / vahI vastuta: dizAoM aura anudizAoM meM anusaMcaraNa kA hetu hai| 13 'AsamantAt sravati karma aneneti AzravaH athavA 'upAdIyate karma aneneti AzravaH, arthAt jisake kAraNa cAroM ora se karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai yA jisase karma grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, vaha Azrava hai| AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra ne Azrava zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai- jina Arambha yA srotoM ke dvArA ATha prakAra ke karma Akara Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha ekIbhUta ho jAte haiM, una srotoM ko Azrava kahA hai| 14 isa paribhASA se dravyAsrava aura bhAvAsrava donoM kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| AtmA kI vikArI dazA bhAvAsrava evaM karma vargaNAoM ke AtmA meM Ane kI prakriyA dravyAsrava hai| donoM meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai / bhAvAsrava kAraNa hai, dravyAsrava kArya hai| dravyAsrava ko kAraNa mAne to bhAvAsrava kArya hai| isa prakAra cakra nyAya se donoM eka dUsare ke kAraNa aura kArya haiN| zubha athavA azubha jina bhAvoM meM jIva pariNamana karatA hai, usI rUpa meM karma grahaNa hotA hai| zubha pravRtti (kriyA) puNya karma kA Azrava dvAra hai| azubha pravRtti (kriyA) pApa karma kA Azrava dvAra hai| 15 zrava dvAra zabda kA prayoga bhI Azrava kA hI dyotaka hai| jaise naukA meM jalAgamana kA kAraNa naukA kA chidra hai| kisI bhavana meM praveza kA hetu usakA dvAra hai, vaise hI karmaaNAoM ke Agamana kA dvAra Azrava hai| 16 meM AcArya bhikSu ne Azrava ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki jisa pariNAma se AtmA karmoM kA AzravaNa- praveza hotA hai, use Azrava kahate haiN| jisa prakAra makAna ke daravAjA hotA hai, tAlAba ke nAlA hotA hai, naukA ke cheda hotA hai, usI prakAra jIva ke Azrava hotA hai| isa prakAra Azrava jIva kA pariNAma aura karma-baMdha kA hetu hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne Azrava kI vyAkhyA tIna tathyoM ke AdhAra para kI hai - pariNAma, kriyA - vizeSa tathA upacayApacaya / 228 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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pariNAma ke AdhAra para asaMbuddha vyakti kA karma Azrava hai| kriyA-vizeSa- asaMyata vyakti kA samasta kriyA vyApAra- uThanA-baiThanA Adi Azrava hai| upacaya-apacaya-isa AdhAra para sAmparAyika kriyA dIrghakAlika aura IryApathika kriyA alpakAlika karma-baMdha kA hetu hai| Azrava ke prakAra tattvArtha sUtra meM Azrava ke do prakAra batalAye haiM- IryApathika aura sAmparAyikA vAcaka umAsvAti ke abhimata se sAmparAyika Azrava kA AdhAra unacAlIsa prakAra kI kriyAeM haiM-pAMca indriyAM, cAra kaSAya, pAMca avrata, paccIsa kriyaaeN| kucha AcAryoM ne tIna yogoM ko sammilita kara Azrava ke bayAMlIsa bheda kiye haiN| 1'samayasAra meM cAra AzravoM kA ullekha hai| vahAM pramAda ko alaga Azrava nahIM mAnA hai|18 prastuta prasaMga meM saMkSepa kI dRSTi se tattvArthasUtrIya vyAkhyA pahale karake tatpazcAt sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM varNita AzravoM ke prakAra kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| ThANAMga evaM samavAyAMga20 ke AdhAra para Azrava pAMca haiM- 1. mithyAtva, 2. avirati, 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya evaM 5. yog| ___ umAsvAti ne 'mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogAH bNdhhetvH| 21 kahakara sthAnAMgagata pAMca AzravoM kI paramparA kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| Azrava ke bIsa bhedoM kI paramparA bhI prasiddha hai kintu bIsa nAmoM kA kisI eka sthAna para vyavasthita ullekha nahIM miltaa| paccIsa bola (thokar3A) ke antargata bIsa bhedoM kA ullekha nimnAnusAra hai1. mithyAtvaAzrava 11. zrotrendriya Azrava 2. avirata Azrava 12. cakSurindriya Azrava 3. pramAda Azrava 13. ghrANendriya Azrava kaSAya Azrava 14. rasanendriya Azrava 5. yoga Azrava 15. sparzanendriya Azrava 6. prANAtipAta Azrava 16. mana Azrava 7. mRSAvAda Azrava 17. vacana Azrava 8. adattAdAna Azrava 18. kAyA Azrava 9. maithuna Azrava 19. bhaNDopakaraNa Azrava 10. parigraha Azrava 20. zucikuzAgra mAtra doSa Azrava kriyA aura antakriyA 229

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ina bIsa bhedoM meM bhI prathama pAMca Azrava hI mukhya haiN| zeSa yoga Azrava kA hI vistAra hai| (1) mithyAtva Azrava - mithyAtva kA artha ayathArtha dRSTikoNa hai| tAttvika bhASA meM viparIta tattva zraddhA kA nAma mithyAtva hai| jIva kI dRSTi ko vikRta karane vAle moha-paramANuoM ke udaya se ayathArtha meM yathArtha aura yathArtha meM ayathArtha kI jo pratIta hotI hai, vaha mithyAtva Azrava hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne ekAnta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajJAna ke bheda se mithyAtva ke pAMca prakAra mAne haiN| 22 (2) avirati Azrava - avirata arthAt atyAga bhaav| Antarika lAlasA aura asaMyamita jIvanazailI se isakA sambandha hai / cAritra moha kI prabalatA ke aMza rUpa meM yA sampUrNa rUpa meM hiMsA Adi pApakArI pravRttiyoM ke chor3ane kI vRtti ( bhAvanA yA icchA) hI paidA nahIM hotii| hiMsA, asatya, steyavRtti, maithuna (kAma-vAsanA), parigraha usake bheda haiN| tyAga ke prati anutsAha aura bhoga meM utsAha avirati hai| (3) pramAda Azrava - Atma vismRti athavA Alasya ko pramAda kahA hai| strIkathA, dezakathA, bhaktakathA, rAjakathA pramAda ke antargata hai / tattvajJAna kI bhASA meM adhyAtma ke prati hone vAle Antarika anutsAha kA nAma pramAda hai| ( 4 ) kaSAya Azrava - rAga-dveSAtmaka uttApa kA nAma kaSAya hai| kaSAya AdhyAtmika doSa hai| kaSAya vyakta ho yA avyakta, AtmA ke mUla svarUpa ko prabhAvita aura vikRta karatA hai| dhavalA ke racanAkAra AcArya vIrasena likhate haiM- duHkha rUpa dhAnya ke utpAdaka karma rUpI kheta kA karSaNa karate haiN| jo unheM phalavAna banAte haiM, ve kaSAya kahalAte haiN| 23 yadi kaSAya kA abhAva ho to janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA viSavRkSa svayaM hI sUkhakara naSTa ho jAtA hai| kaSAya ke liye AcArAMga meM 'AyANa ' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jo puruSa karma ke AdAna ko rokatA hai, vahI apane kiye karma kA bhedana kara sakatA hai| 24 rAga-dveSa pramukha Azrava hai| rAga se mAyA aura lobha evaM dveSa se krodha va mAna utpanna hote haiN| 25 cAroM kaSAya vAsanA ke rAga-dveSAtmaka pakSoM kI AvegAtmaka abhivyaktiyAM haiN| vAsanA apanI tIvratA kI vidheyAtmaka avasthA meM rAga aura niSedhAtmaka avasthA meM dveSa ho jAtI hai| rAga-dveSa kI hI bAhya AvegAtmaka abhivyakti kaSAya haiN| Atma-vikAsa meM sarvAdhika kaSAya bAdhaka hai| 230 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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(5) yoga Azrava-yoga kA artha pravRtti yA kriyA hai| zarIra, bhASA aura mana kI zubha-azubha pravRtti rUpa Atma-pariNati kA nAma yoga Azrava hai| mana, vacana, kAyA ke nimitta se Atma-pradezoM meM parispaMdana hotA rahatA hai| yoga janya caMcalatA kA nAza hone para hI mukti saMbhava hai| kaSAya aura yogaAzrava ke do AdhArabhUta staMbha hai| azubhayoga se azubha karma kA baMdha hotA hai aura zubhayoga se zubhakarma kaa| yoga kA sarvathA nirodha hone se ayoga saMvara athavA zailezI avasthA prApta hotI hai| isake anantara jIva mukta ho jAtA hai| sakaSAyI jIvoM ke sAmparAyika Azrava aura akaSAyI ke IryApatha Azrava hotA hai| caturgati rUpa saMsAra kA nAma samparAya hai| saMparAya jisa Azrava kA prayojana ho, vaha sAmparAyika Azrava hai| IryApatha kA artha- 'IraNaM IryA-AgamAnusAriNI gati : saiva panthAH mArga : praveze yasya karmaNaH tadIryApatham', Agama vidhi ke anusAra jo gamana hotA hai, vaha IryA hai| IryA jisa karma ke Agamana kA dvAra hai, vaha IryApatha karma hai| usameM IryA ko kAraNa mAnA hai| IryApatha Azrava kevala yoga se hotA hai, kaSAya se nhiiN| sakaSAyI jIvoM ke karma baMdha samAna nahIM hotaa| tIvra, maMda, madhyama, jJAta, ajJAtabhAva, adhikaraNa vizeSa aura vIrya vizeSa se karmoM kA Azrava bhI alaga-alaga staroM para hotA hai| jIvoM ke pariNAma eka rUpa nahIM hote isaliye unake dvArA karmoM kA baMdha bhI aneka prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama bhAvoM ke kAraNa Azrava kI bhI tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama avasthAeM hotI haiN| sthiti baMdha meM bhI isI prakAra aMtara ho jAtA hai| kaSAyoM kI maMdatA se jo bhAva hote haiM, ve maMda bhAva haiN| inameM bhI maMda, maMdatara, maMdatama vibhAga haiN| Azrava kI bhI yahI sthiti hotI hai| tIvra bhAvoM se jisa prakAra Azrava meM tIvratA AtI hai aura maMda bhAvoM se maMdatA, usI prakAra jo pariNAma na tIvra ho aura na maMda, madhyama sthiti meM ho to Azrava bhI madhyama sthiti vAlA hotA hai| madhya ke bhI madhya, madhyatara, madhyatama- tIna stara banate hai| jJAtabhAva- jJAta nAma AtmA kA hai| jJAnayukta AtmA ke pariNAma jJAtabhAva haiN| jaise koI vyakti svecchA se prerita ho prANAtipAtAdi azubha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| usakA vaha pariNAma jJAtabhAva hai| ___ ajJAtabhAva pramAda yA ajJAnavaza hone vAlI pravRtti ajJAtabhAva hai| vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna labdhi kA nAma vIrya hai| zakti, sAmarthya, prANa- ye saba ekArthaka haiN| inakI spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakti vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana vAle tripRSTha vAsudeva meM tathA baliSTha siMhAdi ke dvArA vidAraNa kriyA karate samaya hotI hai| vIrya ke jaisA hI vIrya-vizeSa kriyA aura antakriyA 231

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hai| jisake dvArA durgati ke hetubhUta karma kA baMdha hotA hai, use adhikaraNa kahate hai| adhikaraNa ko sAmAnya bhASA meM zastra kahA jAtA haiN| adhikaraNa do prakAra kA hai-jIvAdhikaraNa, ajiivaadhikrnn| donoM hI adhikaraNa jIva kI pratyeka pravRtti yAnI kriyA meM nimittabhUta athavA viSayabhUta hote haiN| isaliye nimitta ke kAraNa donoM ko sAmparAyika Azrava kA adhikaraNa kahA gayA hai| koI bhI vyakti inheM nimitta banAkara hI kriyA karatA hai| isa apekSA se vaha tannimittaka sAmparAyika Azrava kA baMdhaka hotA hai| dravya, bhAva ke bheda se jIvAdhikaraNa do prakAra kA hai| jIvoM ke chedana-bhedana kA hetu jo dravya zastra hai, vahI dravyAdhikaraNa hai| isake laukika-lokottara bheda bhI haiN| kuThAra, asi Adi laukika zastra haiN| dahana, viSa, lavaNa, kSAra, sneha, amla tathA anupayukta vyakti ke mana, vacana, kAyA ke bheda se isake nau prakAra haiN| inheM lokottara zastra isIliye kahA ki kuThAra, asi Adi loka prasiddha zastra haiN| vaise dahana karanA, jalAnA Adi kriyAeM zastra rUpa meM prasiddha nahIM hai| dravya rUpa isa zastra kA jIva-ajIva para prayoga karane se sAmparAyika karma kA baMdha hotA hai| isI prakAra anupayukta vyakti kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyAeM evaM ceSTAeM bhI karma-baMdha kA kAraNa hai| AtmA ke tIvra -tIvratara Adi jo bhAva haiM, ve bhAvAdhikaraNa haiN| bhAvAdhikaraNa 108 prakAra kA hai| usakA gaNita isa prakAra hai - 1. saraMbha 2. samArambha 3. aarmbh| inheM tIna yogoM (mana, vacana,kAya) se guNana karane para 9 prakAra hote haiN| kRta, kArita, anumodana se guNA karane para 9 x 3 = 27, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se guNA karane para 27 x 4 = 108 prakAra hote haiN| isa prakAra kula 108 bheda jIvAdhikaraNa ke haiN|26 ajIvAdhikaraNa ke cAra prakAra vibhAga haiM- nirvartanAdhikaraNa, nikSepAdhikaraNa, saMyogAdhikaraNa aura nisrgaadhikrnn| nirvartanAdhikaraNa- nirvartanA nAma racanA kA hai| racanA rUpa adhikaraNa nirvartanAdhikaraNa kahalAtA hai| audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, aura kArmaNa ina pAMca zarIroM ke AkAra apane anurUpa dravyoM se banate haiN| ye AkAra karma-baMdha ke kAraNa banane se nirvartanAdhikaraNa ke antargata liye hai| zarIra, mana aura zvAsocchvAsa kI racanA kA honA mUla guNa nirvartanA hai| uttara guNa nirvartanA meM kASThakarma, citrakarma, lepyakarma, patracchedya karma Adi samasta kriyAeM haiN| talavAra meM mArane kI kSamatA athavA usakI racanA mUlaguNa nirvartanA hai| usameM tIkSNatA, ujjvalatA Adi uttara guNa nirvartanA hai| 232 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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nikSepAdhikaraNa-nikSepa kA artha hai- vastu ko rkhnaa| nikSepa rUpa adhikaraNa nikSepAdhikaraNa hai| usake cAra prakAra haiM - 1. apratyupekSita nikSepAdhikaraNa 2. duSpramArjita nikSepAdhikaraNa 3. sahasA nikSepAdhikaraNa 4. anAbhoga nikssepaadhikrnn|27 / (1) apratyupekSita nikSepAdhikaraNa-rakhane yogya upakaraNoM ko binA dekhe bhUmi para rkhnaa| (2) duSpramArjita nikSepAdhikaraNa- bhUmi kA sahI pramArjana na karanA athavA jAgarUkatA pUrvaka na rkhnaa| (3) sahasA nikSepAdhikaraNa-pratilekhana, pramArjana kiye binA zakti ke abhAva meM sahasA upakaraNAdi rakha denaa| (4) anAbhoga nikSepAdhikaraNa- kisI vastu ko yogya sthAna para na rkhnaa| pratilekhana, pramArjana ke binA kahIM bhI vastu kA nikSepa kara denaa| saMyogAdhikaraNa- isameM do zabda hai - saMyoga aura adhikrnn| saMyoga kA artha haimilana yAni saMyojana krnaa| adhikaraNa kA artha hai- aise sAdhana, jinake dvArA AtmA pApa kA saMgraha karatA hai| jaise-UMkhala,ghaTTI, hala, mUsala, lohe kA phAla, juA tathA bANa aadi| jaba UMkhala ke sAtha mUsala, hala ke sAtha lohe kA phAla, zakaTa ke sAtha juA aura dhanuSa ke sAtha bANa kA saMyojana kiyA jAtA hai, taba usa saMyoga ke nimitta se jo karma-baMdha hotA hai, vaha saMyogAdhikaraNa Azrava hai| isake bhaktapAna-saMyogAdhikaraNa, upakaraNa-saMyogAdhikaraNa do bheda haiN| bhakta- bhojana ke sAtha vyaJjana, gur3a, phala, zAka Adi milaanaa| pAna- pIne yogya drAkSa, dADima Adi ke rasa meM zakkara, mizrI milaanaa| upakaraNa saMyogAdhikaraNa-vastra, pAtra Adi kA rakta, pIta Adi vargoM ke sAtha tathA zobhA ke nimitta usake prAntabhAga ko anya dUsare vastroM ke sAtha athavA vividha raMgIna dhAgoM se saMyukta krnaa| nisargAdhikaraNa-nisarga kA tAtparya tyAga yA visarjana se hai| nisargarUpa adhikaraNa nisargAdhikaraNa hai| usake tIna stara haiM (1) kAya nisargAdhikaraNa (2) vAG nisargAdhikaraNa (3) mana nisrgaadhikrnn| kriyA aura antakriyA 233

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(1) kAya-nisargAdhikaraNa- audArikAdi zarIra kA avidhi se tyAga krnaa| jaise- giripatana, viSabhakSaNa, agnisnAna, Adi bAla mRtyu| (2) vAG-nisargAdhikaraNa- vANI ke dvArA kisI ko duSpravRtti kI ora prerita krnaa| (3)mana-nisargAdhikaraNa-aprazasta cintana rUpa mana kI kriyaa| yahAM zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jIvAdhikaraNa ke 108 bhedoM me tIna yogoM ko sammilita kiyA hai aura nisargAdhikaraNa meM bhI unhIM kA samAveza hone se punarukti doSa AtA hai| isa AzaMkA kA parihAra karane ke liye TIkAkAra kA kahanA hai ki jIvAdhikaraNa meM mana, vacana, kAya rUpa saMpUrNa yoga kA nahIM, kevala duSpravRtti mAtra kA grahaNa hai jabaki nisargAdhikaraNa meM yoga se adhika sambandha hai| ___uparokta vivecana kA phalita yaha hai ki jIva-ajIva rUpa adhikaraNa ke nimitta se yoga aura kaSAya yukta jIvoM ke sAMparAyika Azrava hotA hai| kaSAya ke abhAva meM IryApatha karma kA Azrava hotA hai| karmAkarSaNaheturAtma pariNAma aashrvH| karma AkarSaNa ke hetubhUta Atma-pariNAma ko Azrava kahate haiN| Azrava cetanA ke cheda haiN| unake dvArA vijAtIya tattva- karma rajeM nirantara AtmA meM praveza karatI rahatI hai| AtmA kI vaibhAvika pariNati baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| AzA aura chaMda karma-baMdha kA hetu hai|28 AzA kA artha hai- bhogaabhilaassaa| chaMda kA abhiprAya hai- aindriya sukh| ina donoM ke kAraNa akuzala karma meM pravRtti hotI hai| naye-naye karmoM kA Agamana hotA haiN| 29 jaina paramparA meM karma-baMdha kA hetu Azrava mAnA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI baMdha kA hetu Azrava ko hI mAnA hai| Azrava zabda pAlI bhASA ke Asava kA rUpAntaraNa hai| anitya meM nitya, duHkha meM sukha, anAtma meM Atma buddhi kA nAma avidyA hai| avidyA Azravajanita hai aura saMsAra rUpI duHkha kA mUlasrota hai| bauddha paramparA meM Azrava ke cAra prakAra haiM kAmAsava-zabdAdi viSayoM ko prApta karane kI icchaa| bhavAsava- paMca skaMdha arthAt sacetana deha meM jIne kI abhilaassaa| dRSTyAsava- dRSTi kA vipryaas| 234 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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30 avidyAsava - anitya meM nitya kA bodha | 3 bauddha paramparA meM pracalita avidyA aura jaina paramparA meM pracalita mithyAtva samAnArthI haiN| kAma kaSAya kA dyotaka hai aura bhava punarjanma kA dyotaka hai| bIja se vRkSa, vRkSa se bIja kI utpatti- yaha zAzvata paramparA hai| usI taraha avidyA se Azrava aura Azrava se avidyA janma letI hai| gItA meM AsurI saMpadA ko baMdhana kA hetu batalAyA hai| ve AsurI saMpadAeM haiM- daMbha, darpa, abhimAna, krodha, pAruSya (kaThoravANI), ajJAna aadi| 31 yoga sUtra ke anusAra avidyA, asmitA (ahaMkAra), rAga (Asakti), dveSa aura abhiniveza se baMdha hotA hai| inameM avidyA pramukha hai| 32 nyAya darzana meM baMdhakAraka tattva tIna haiM- rAga, dveSa aura moha | rAga, dveSAdi ajJAna se utpanna haiN| 33 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vimarza kareM to avidyA, rAga-dveSa ko sabhI ne pramukhatA dI hai| kriyA aura saMvara sthUla stara para dekhane se kriyA aura saMvara meM dUra taka koI saMbaMdha dikhAI nahIM detA hai| kintu gaharAI meM jAne para kucha ora hI tathya sAmane Ate haiN| kriyA kA saMvara ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai / kriyA ke binA saMvara kI sAdhanA nahIM kI jA sktii| saMvara bhI kriyA hai kintu AtmA kI vahI kriyA saMvara ke antargata mAnI jAtI hai jo bAhya karma-paramANuoM ke AkramaNa se AtmA ko surakSA pradAna karatI hai arthAt karmAkarSaNa ko rokane kI hetubhUta kriyA hI saMvara hai| sthAnAMga meM saMvara Azrava kA pratipakSI hai| 34 sAsrava avasthA meM Atma-pradezoM meM spaMdana hotA rahatA hai| Atma-pradezoM kI caMcalatA Azrava hai| unakI sthiratA saMvara hai / rmANuoM kI gati ko badalane kA eka upakrama saMvara hai| yaha mokSa mArga kI ArAdhanA prakRSTa sAdhana hai| mokSa ke sAdhaka-bAdhaka tattvoM kI carcA meM Azrava ko bAdhaka aura saMvara ko sAdhaka mAnA hai| saMvara kI paribhASA evaM svarUpa jaina paramparA meM karma-paramANuoM ke AsravaNa ko rokane ke artha meM saMvara zabda kA prayoga hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI saMvara zabda kriyAoM ke nirodha artha meM hI svIkRta haiN| kyoMki kriyA aura antakriyA 235

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vahAM karma kA bhautika svarUpa mAnya nahIM haiN| ata: saMvara kA tAtparya zArIrika kriyA yA aindrika pravRttiyoM kA saMyama hI abhipreta hai| saMvara zabda 'vR' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| 'vR' dhAtu kA artha hai - nirodha karanA / zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM kA nirodha saMvara hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra jo zubhAzubha karmoM ke Agamana kA dvAra hai, vaha Azrava hai| Azrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| 35 saMvara kevala azubha AzravoM ke nigraha kA hI hetu nahIM apitu vaha zubha - AzravoM kA bhI niyamana karatA hai| yaha nivRtti paraka hai| pravRtti mAtra Azrava hai| nigraha mAtra saMvara hai| mokSa ke sAdhaka-bAdhaka tattvoM kI carcA meM Azrava ko bAdhaka aura saMvara sAdhaka mAnA hai| kahA gayA - 'AzravaH bhava hetu syAt, saMvaro mokSa kAraNam', saMsAra vRddhi kA pradhAna hetu Azrava aura mokSa kA pradhAna hetu saMvara hai| 36 karma - mukti kI prakriyA meM nirjarA upAdAna kAraNa hai kintu saMvara ke abhAva meM usakA adhika mUlya nahIM raha jAtA haiN| vastutaH ye donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| AcArya bhikSu ne saMvara ke svarUpa ko sodAharaNa spaSTa kiyA hai| 37 tAlAba ke nAle ko avarUddha karane kI taraha jIva ke Azrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| makAna ke dvAra ko baMda karane kI taraha jIva ke Azrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| naukA ke chidra ko nirUddha karane kI taraha jIva ke Azrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| saMvara aura Azrava ke pArasparika sambandha tathA saMvara ke svarUpa kA yaha spaSTa nidarzana hai| yogAdi AzravoM kA sarvathA nirodha karane para saMvRta jIva ke pradezoM meM karma dravya kA praveza nahIM hotaa| zrava ke jitane prakAra haiM utane hI prakAra saMvara ke hai| inakI antima saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa asaMbhava hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se saMvara ke bhedoM kI nizcita saMkhyA kA pratipAdana karane vAlI aneka paramparAeM prApta haiN| unameM mukhya ye hai 236 1. do saMvara kI paramparA pAMca saMvara kI paramparA 5. dasa saMvara kI paramparA 7. sattAvana saMvara kI paramparA 3. 2. cAra saMvara kI paramparA 4. ATha saMvara kI paramparA 6. bIsa saMvara kI paramparA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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(1) do prakAra prathama paramparA ke anusAra saMvara ke do prakAra haiM- dravya saMvara aura bhAva sNvr| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA meM ye bheda mAnya haiN| ___1. ye do paramparA tattvArthasUtra navatattva sAhitya saMgraha tathA anya aneka granthoM meM upalabdha hai|37(k) 2. cAra saMvara sUcaka kI paramparA AcArya kundakunda dvArA sammata hai| 3. tIsarI, cauthI aura pAMcavI paramparA Agamika hai| ThANAMga, praznavyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para eka-eka Azrava kA eka-eka pratipakSI saMvara hai| 4. vikalpa se cauthI paramparA ke antima 15 bheda virata saMvara ke hI bheda hai| isa taraha donoM paramparAeM eka hI hai, kevala saMkSepa-vistAra kI apekSA se hI do kahI jA sakatI hai| 5. saMvara ke 57 bhedoM kI paramparA- tattvArtha sUtra ke guccha krama se hI 57 bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| inakI paribhASAeM nimnAnusAra haiM 1. karmANuoM ko rokane vAlA dravya saMvara, dravyAzrava kI nirodhaka caitasika avasthA kA nAma bhAva saMvara hai| 2. jalamadhyagata naukA ke chidroM kA, jina se anavarata jala kA praveza hotA hai, baMda karanA dravya saMvara hai| jIva-droNI meM karma-jala ke Azrava ke hetubhUta indriyAdi chidroM kA samiti Adi se nirodha karanA bhAva saMvara hai|38 3. moha, rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM kA nirodha bhAva saMvara hai| bhAva saMvara ke nimitta se yoga dvAroM se zubhAzubha karma paramANuoM kA nirodha honA dravya saMvara hai| 39 4.jo caitasika pariNAma karmoM ke Azrava ke nirodha meM hetu hotA hai, vaha bhAva saMvara hai| dravyAzrava ke avarodha meM jo hetu hotA hai, vaha dravya saMvara hai| 40 (2) cAra prakAra- zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMvara ke cAra prakAra bhI mAne gaye haiM- 41 1. samyaktva saMvara, 2. virati saMvara, 3. kaSAya saMvara, 4. yogAbhAva saMvara / kriyA aura antakriyA 237

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digambara paramparA ke anusAra mithyAtva, ajJAna, avirati aura yoga nirodha rUpa cAra prakAra ke saMvara hai|42 cAra saMvara kI sUcaka paramparA AcArya kundakunda dvArA samarthita hai| (3) pAMca prakAra- 1. samyaktva saMvara, 2. virati saMvara, 3. apramAda saMvara, 4. akaSAya saMvara, 5. ayoga saMvara / 43 samyaktva-yathArtha dRSTikoNa, yathArthatattva zraddhA kA nAma samyaktva saMvara hai, viparIta zraddhA kA tyAga karanA samyaktva hai| yaha mithyAtva Azrava kA pratipakSI hai| AcArya bhikSu ne navapadArtha meM isake do bheda batalAeM haiM- 1. viparIta zraddhA kA tyAga 2. nau padArthoM meM yathAtathya shrddhaan| virati-saMyamita jIvana caryA, tyAga bhaav| isake do rUpa hai - dezavrata aura srvvrt| asat pravRttiyoM kA AMzika tyAga dezavrata saMvara aura unakA jIvanabhara ke liye saba prakAra se tyAga sarvavrata saMvara hai| apramAda- sva jaagRti| yaha Atma jAgRti kA janaka hai, pramAda kA sevana na karanA apramAda hai, pramAda kA artha anutsAha hai| Atma sthita anutsAha kA kSaya ho jAnA apramAda saMvara hai| akaSAya- manovegoM kA abhaav| kaSAya ko sarvathA kSINa kara denA akaSAya saMvara hai| ayoga- akriyA pravRtti kA nirodha karanA saMvara athavA aprakaMpa avasthA ayoga saMvara haiN| pravRtti do prakAra kI hai-zubha aura ashubh| azubha pravRtti kA sampUrNa nirodha vrata saMvara aura zubha pravRtti kA sampUrNa nirodha ayoga saMvara hai| ayoga saMvara kI sthiti meM pahuMcane ke tatkAla bAda jIva mukta ho jAtA hai| (4) ATha prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra meM saMvara ke ATha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai451. zrotrendriya saMvara 2. cakSu indriya saMvara 3. ghrANendriya saMvara 4. rasanendriya saMvara 5. sparzanendriya saMvara 6. mana saMvara 7. vacana saMvara 8. zarIra saMvara 238 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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tathAgata buddha ne saMyukta nikAya meM asaMvara-saMvara kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dhammapada meM unhoMne kahA hai- "bhikSuoM! AMkha kA saMvara uttama hai, zrotra kA saMvara uttama hai| jihvA kA saMvara, mana, vANI aura zarIra kA saMvara uttama hai| jo bhikSu pUrNatayA saMvRta hai vaha samagra duHkhoM se zIghra hI chUTa jAtA hai|46 - ThANAMga meM 10 prakAra ke saMvaroM kA ullekha milatA hai|47k saMvara Azrava kA pratipakSI hai| Azrava ke bIsa prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, unake pratipakSa meM bIsa saMvara kI saMkhyA bhI pratipAdita hai|47kh (5)bIsa prakAra1. samyaktva saMvara 2. virati saMvara 3. apramAda saMvara 4. akaSAya saMvara 5. ayoga saMvara 6. prANAtipAta viramaNa saMvara 7. mRSAvAda viramaNa saMvara 8. adattAdAna viramaNa saMvara 9. abahmacarya viramaNa saMvara 10. parigraha viramaNa saMvara 11. zrotrendriya saMvara 12. cakSurindriya saMvara 13. ghrANendriya saMvara 14. rasanendriya saMvara 15. sparzanendriya saMvara 16. mana saMvara 17. vacana saMvara 18. kAyA saMvara 19. bhaNDopakaraNa saMvara 20. zUcI kuzAgra mAtra doSa sevana na karanA saMvara yaha yoga Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| sAvadya-niravadya sarva pravRttiyoM, kriyAoM kA nirodha ayoga saMvara hai| prathama pAMca saMvara kI carcA pahale kI jA cukii| zeSa 15 prakAra nimnAnusAra hai(6) prANAtipAta viramaNa- hiMsA karane kA tyAga krnaa| (7) mRSAvAda viramaNa saMvara- jhUTha bolane kA tyAga krnaa| (8) adattAdAna viramaNa saMvara- corI karane kA tyAga krnaa| kriyA aura antakriyA 239

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(9) maithuna viramaNa saMvara - maithuna-sevana kA tyAga krnaa| ( 10 ) parigraha viramaNa saMvara - parigraha aura mamatA bhAva kA tyAga karanA / (11) zrotrendriya saMvara - acche-bure zabdoM meM rAga-dveSa karanAotrendriya Azrava hai| zrotrendriya ko vaza meM karanA, zabdoM meM rAga- dveSa na karanA zrotrendriya saMvara hai| - (12) cakSurindriya saMvara - cakSurindriya ko vaza meM karanA, acche-bure rUpoM meM rAgadveSa na karanA cakSurindriya saMvara hai| (13) ghrANendriya saMvara - sugaMdha - durgandha meM rAga-dveSa karanA ghrANendriya Azrava hai| ghrANendriya ko vaza meM karanA, sugaMdha yA durgandha meM rAga-dveSa na karanA ghrANendriya saMvara hai| (14) rasanendriya saMvara- svAdiSTa athavA asvAdiSTa padArthoM meM rAga-dveSa karanA rasanendriya Azrava hai| rasanendriya ko vaza meM karanA, kisI bhI svAdiSTa yA viparIta vastu meM rAga-dveSa na karanA rasanendriya saMvara hai| (15) sparzanendriya saMvara - sparzanendriya ko vaza meM karanA, anukUla-pratikUla sparzo meM rAga-dveSa na karanA sparzanendriya saMvara hai| (16) mana saMvara- acche-bure vicAroM kA pUrNa nirodha mana saMvara hai| (17) vacana saMvara - zubhAzubha donoM prakAra ke vacanoM kA sampUrNa nirodha vacana saMvara hai| (18) kAya saMvara - zubhAzubha donoM prakAra kI kAyika kriyA kA saMpUrNa nirodha kAya saMvara hai| ( 19 ) bhaMDopakaraNa saMvara - bhaMDopakaraNoM kA sevana na karanA bhaMDopakaraNa saMvara hai| muni ke liye unameM mamatva na karanA athavA unakI ayatanA na karanA saMvara hai| (20) zUcI - kuzAgra mAtra doSa sevana na karanA saMvara- pratyAkhyAna kriyA pUrvaka zUcI - kuzAgra mAtra doSa kA sevana na karanA saMvara hai| sattAvana bhedoM kI vivecanA - prakArAntara se saMvara ke adhikatama 57 prakAra milate haiN| inameM gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSAeM, parISaha aura sAmAyikAdi cAritra ko parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| unakA svarUpa nimnAnusAra hai 240 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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tIna gupti - karma - baMdhana ke hetuoM se AtmA kA bacAva karane kI ceSTA vizeSa gupta kahate haiM / 48 mana-vacana-kAya ina tInoM yogoM kA samyak nigraha gupti hai| 49 isake tIna bheda haiM- manogupti, vAkgupti, kAya ina gupti| abhayadevasUri ne tInoM hI guptiyoM ko akuzala se nivRtti aura kuzala meM pravRtti rUpa kahA hai| 50 utarAdhyayana ke anusAra samasta zubhayogoM se nivRtti gupti hai| 51 zrI akalaMka bhI gupti kA svarUpa nivRtti paraka hI mAnate haiN| pAMca samiti - samyak pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiN| 52 samiti pAMca haiM- IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna nikSepa, utsarga samiti / niravadya pravRttiyoM ke vidhAna ko 'samiti' nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| samitiyAM pravRtti rUpa hai| inheM saMvara kA bheda kaise kahA jAye ? isa sandarbha meM zrI akalaMka kahate haiM-jAnA, bolanA, khAnA, rakhanA, uThanA, aura malotsarga Adi kriyAoM meM apramatta, sAvadhAnI se pravRtti karane para inake nimittoM se AnevAle karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| 53 guptiyoM, samitiyoM kA ullekha sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM meM milatA hai| 54 inheM pravacana mAtA bhI kahA hai| dasa yati dharma- jo iSTa sthAna meM dhAraNa kare, use dharma kahate hai| 55 dharma ke dasa prakAra haiM- kSamA, mukti, Arjava, mArdava, lAghava, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura brahmacarya / bAraha anuprekSA- bhAvanA kA dUsarA nAma anuprekSA hai| bAra-bAra cintana karanA anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA ke anitya, azaraNa, bhava, ekatva Adi ke bheda se bAraha prakAra haiN| bAIsa parISaha - uttarAdhyayana" samavAyAMga 57 bhagavatI 8 meM parISahoM kI carcA milatI hai| svIkRta mArga se cyuta na hone ke liye tathA karma-nirjarA ke liye jo sahA jAtA hai, use parISaha kahate hai / parISaha bAIsa haiN| AcArya bhikSu ke abhimata se ye saMvara ke bheda nahIM, nirjarA ke bheda haiN| 59 cAritra sarva sAvadya yogoM (pApakArI), pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA cAritra hai / vaha pAMca prakAra kA hai - sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, parihAra vizuddha, sUkSma- saMparAya aura yathAkhyAta caaritr| Ate hue karmoM ko rokanA saMvara hai| uparokta sabhI saMvara ke rUpoM se karma-baMdhana kI tu bhUta pravRttiyoM (kriyAoM) kA nirodha hotA hai| isaliye inheM saMvara ke sattAvana kriyA aura antakriyA 241

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bhedoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| TIkama DosI ne saMvara ke do prakAra batalAye haiM- 1. nivartaka 2. prvrtk| apramAda Adi meM pravRtti ko pravartaka saMvara mAnA hai|60 __AcArya bhikSu kA isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| unake anusAra saMvara nirodhAtmaka hai, vaha pravartaka nahIM ho sktaa| uparyukta sabhI pravRttiyAM nirjarArUpa haiM, inase nirjarA to nizcita hotI haiM, saMvara nhiiN| saMvara karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodhaka hai jabaki nirjarA purAne karmoM ko tor3atI hai| donoM ke lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna haiN| ataH saMvara meM zubha pravRttiyoM kA samAveza nahIM haiN| isa tathya kI puSTi karate hue unakA mAnanA hai ki prathama aura tRtIya guNasthAna meM Azrava bIsa hote haiM jabaki dUsare evaM caturtha guNasthAna meM mithyAtva ko chor3akara unnIsa Azrava haiN| dUsare aura cauthe guNasthAna meM samyaktva hai para saMvara nhiiN| kyoMki vahAM pratyAkhyAna kA abhAva hai| cauthA guNasthAna samyaktva pradhAna hai phira bhI vahAM saMvara nahIM hai| isa saMdarbha meM jayAcArya ne spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA haiM ki siddhoM meM samyaktva hone para bhI saMvara nahIM haiM, vaise hI tyAga ke abhAva meM donoM guNasthAnoM meM saMvara nahIM hai|62 avirati bhAva-zastra hai, jaise bAruda Aga kA saMyoga milate hI visphoTa kara detA hai, vaise hI nirakuMza icchAeM nimitta milate hI pApa meM pravRtta ho jAtI haiM isaliye AzA-vAJchA rUpa avirati ko Azrava kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra ne kahA- prANAtipAta se lekara mithyAdarzana zalya taka aSTAdaza pApoM se jo virata hotA hai, sAvadya kriyA rahita, hiMsA rahita, krodha,mAna, mAyA aura lobha rahita, upazAnta aura parinirvRta hotA hai, aisA saMyata, virata, pratihata, pratyAkhyAta-pApa-karmA AtmA akriya, saMvRta aura ekAnta paNDita hai|63 isase bhI spaSTa hai ki avirati Azrava kA nirodha pApa ke pratyAkhyAna se hotA hai| sthAnAMga meM aSTAdaza pApoM kI virati kA ullekha hai|64 yaha virati chaThe guNasthAna meM pUrNatA ko prApta ho jAtI hai| isa guNasthAna meM sAvadha (pApakArI) kAryoM kA sarvathA tyAga ho jAtA hai| guNasthAna aura saMvara kriyA chaThe guNasthAna meM sarva virati ho jAtI hai phira bhI pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga Azrava vidyamAna rahatA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna meM zubhalezyA, zubhayoga, kaSAya Azrava bhI hai| gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAya kA upazama hone para kaSAya saMvara hotA hai| sAtaveM guNasthAna 242 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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meM apramAda saMvara hotA haiN| chaThe guNasthAna meM mithyAtva, avirati ke atirikta aThAraha Azrava haiN| bhagavatI ke AdhAra para isa guNasthAna meM do kriyAeM lagatI haiM- 1. mAyApratyayA kriyA 2. Arambha-pratyayA kriyaa| ye donoM azubha yoga haiN| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM azubha yoga nahIM isaliye eka mAyA-pratyayA kriyA hI hotI hai| AThaveM-nauveM-dasaveM guNasthAna meM sAtaveM guNasthAnavartI pAMca Azrava (kaSAya, yoga, mana, vacana, kAyA) tathA do kriyAeM (mAyA-pratyayA aura sAmparAyikI kriyA) hotI haiN| gyArahaveM, bArahaveM, terahaveM guNasthAna meM cAra Azrava, zubhayoga-zubhamana, zubhavacana aura zubhakAya hote haiN| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM Azrava kA nirodha hone se pUrNa ayoga saMvara hotA haiN|65 - uparyukta vimarza isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA haiM ki sarva pratyAkhyAna niSpanna sarvavirati saMvara chaThe guNasthAna meM hotA hai kintu chaThe guNasthAna se terahaveMguNasthAna taka ayoga saMvara nahIM hotaa| kAraNa, vaha pratyAkhyAna se nahIM, karmoM ke kSaya se prApta hotA hai| saMvara ke bIsa bhedoM meM prathama pAMca mukhya haiN| zeSa pandraha bhedoM kA samAveza virati saMvara meM ho jAtA hai| yahAM vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki prANAtipAtapApAdi pandraha saMvara ayoga saMvara ke bheda na karake virati ke antargata kyoM liye gaye ? samAdhAna meM kahAavirati kA AdhAra aThAraha pApa haiN| pandraha Azrava ina pApoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| udhara pandraha Azrava mana, vacana, kAyA kI asat pravRtti se utpanna haiM aura pravRtti yoga Azrava kA lakSaNa hai| ata: pandraha Azrava yogAzrava meM liye gaye haiN| phalataH pandraha AzravoM kA nirodha virati saMvara hai| isa viSaya meM eka prazna aura uThatA hai ki pandraha prakAra ke AzravoM ke nirodha se virati saMvara hotA hai to ayoga saMvara kyoM nahIM hotA ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yaugika pravRtti do prakAra kI haiM - zubha aura azubhA ayoga saMvara ina donoM ke nirodha se hotA hai| prANAtipAta Adi sAvadya pravRttiyoM kA pratyAkhyAna karane se virati saMvara hotA hai| yoga para usakA prabhAva itanA hI hai ki vaha zubha kAryoM se haTakara zubha kArya-kSetra meM sImita ho jAtA hai kintu pUrNataH niruddha nahIM hotaa| ataH ayoga saMvara nahIM ho sktaa|66 yoga saMvara kI niSpatti yoga sAvadya-niravadya ubhayAtmaka hai| sAvadya yogoM ke nirodha se virati saMvara aura niravadya yoga ke nirodha se yoga saMvara hotA hai, yoga ke sarvathA nirodha se ayoga sNvr| niravadya yogoM kA jitanA niyamana kiyA jAtA hai, utane hI anupAta meM ayoga saMvara kriyA aura antakriyA 243

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vRddhiMgata hotA jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM sUtrakRtAMga meM kachue kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai kachuA jisa prakAra apane aMgoM ko sameTakara khatare se surakSita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka adhyAtma yoga dvArA antarmukhI bana apane ko pApa - pravRttiyoM se bacAyeM / vastutaH mana-vANI, zarIra aura indriya-vyApAroM kA saMyamana hI samAdhi kA patha hai| 7 tathAgata buddha bhI aMguttara nikAya meM kahA- - guptendriya hone se tajjanya Azrava kriyA nahIM hotI / " saMvara aura nirjarA kA Alambana lekara sAdhaka parama lakSya mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| nirjarA se bhI adhika mahattva saMvara kA hai| nirjarA prathama guNasthAnavartI jIva ke bhI ho sakatI hai kintu saMvara kA prAraMbha pAMcaveM guNasthAna se hI hotA hai| saMvara ke abhAva meM Azrava nirodha saMbhava nahIM hai| kriyA aura Azrava tathA akriyA aura saMvara kA paraspara saMbaMdha hai tathA kriyA se akriyA kI ora jAne kA artha Azrava se saMvara kI ora prasthAna hai| kriyA aura nirjarA jaina darzana meM baMdhana - mukti kI prakriyA ko abhivyakta karane vAle do zabda haiMsaMvara aura nirjarA / anAdikAlIna sakarma, sarAga, sayoga AtmA nimeSa mAtra ke liye bhI akriya nahIM bntii| vaha satata kriyAzIla rahatI hai| sthUla yA sUkSma, jJAta yA ajJAta kisI na kisI rUpa meM saMsArI AtmA satata pravRttizIla hotI hai| jisa prakAra pratikSaNa zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM yogya vAyavIya paramANuoM kA grahaNa evaM visarjana hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra kriyAzIla AtmA prati samaya karma yogya ananta sUkSma paramANuoM kA grahaNa evaM nirjaraNa karatI hai| grahaNa ke sAtha visarjana bhI satata cAlU rahatA hai| isa visarjana kA nAma nirjarA hai| jIva aura ajIva kA sambandha anAdi hai / sambandha kI pragAr3hatA meM kisakA yogadAna hai| isa saMdarbha meM dhyAna sIdhA karma zarIra para pahuMcatA hai| karma zarIra nirantara kriyAzIla hai| usake pAsa eka UrjA kA srota hai, vahAM se vidyuta prApta ho rahI hai| pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM isa UrjA bhaMDAra ko Azrava kahA gayA hai| Azrava se karma zarIra puSTa hotA hai| zarIra meM vidyuta Agamana kI tIna praNAliyAM hai- zarIra aura usake sahayogI vANI evaM mn| inheM hI yoga kahA jAtA hai| - ina tInoM se jur3I hamArI prANadhArA niraMtara karma - pudgaloM ko AkRSTa kara rahI hai| baMdhana kI prakriyA avirAma gati se cala rahI hai| isa gati ko avaruddha karane vAle do tattva haiM - saMvara aura nirjraa| saMvara kA kArya naye karma ke pravAha ko rokanA haiN| purAne karmoM ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 244

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kA zuddhikaraNa nirjarA kA kArya hai| saMvara ke sAtha nirjarA avazyaMbhAvI hai| nirjarA ke sAtha saMvara kI niyamA (nizcita sambandha) nahIM haiN| nirjarA kI paribhASA aura svarUpa pUrvabaddha karmoM ko nirvIrya athavA niSphala karanA nirjarA hai| karmoM ke pRthak hone kA nAma nirjarA hai|69 pUrvabaddha karmoM kA jhar3anA nirjarA hai|70 nirjarA zabda kA artha jarjarita karanA, alaga karanA hai| jaise vRkSa se lagA huA phala pakakara nIce gira jAtA hai, vaise hI karma vipAkakAla meM apanA-apanA phala dekara alaga ho jAte haiN| AcArya tulasI ne jaina siddhAMta dIpikA meM nirjarA ko pAribhASita karate hue likhA hai- tapasyA ke dvArA karma kA viccheda hotA hai| isase AtmA kI ujvalatA hotI hai| isa Atma-ujjvalatA ko hI nirjarA kahA hai|72 AtmA ko vizuddha karane kI kriyA kA nAma nirjarA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne dhobI ke rUpaka dvArA isa prakriyA ko samajhAyA hai 1. dhobI jala meM sAbuna DAla kapar3oM ko usameM tapAtA hai| 2. phira unheM pITa kara unake maila ko dUra karatA hai| 3. phira sApha jala meM DAlakara svaccha karatA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne dhobI kI tulanA ko do prakAra se spaSTa kiyA haiN| prathama meM tapa sAbuna hai, AtmA vastra ke samAna hai| jJAnajala hai aura dhyAna svaccha jl| isase karmamala dUra hotA hai, AtmA svaccha banatI hai| dUsarA, jJAna ko sAbuna mAnA jAye to tapa nirmala nIra hogA, AtmA dhobI ke samAna aura AtmA ke nijaguNa vastra ke samAna hoNge| unhoMne Age kahA-jIva jJAna rUpI zuddha sAbuna aura tapa rUpI nirmala nIra se apane AtmA rUpI vastra ko dhokara svaccha kre| jIva asaMkhyAta pradezI cetana dravya hai| usakA eka-eka pradeza Azrava-dvAra hai|3 pratyeka pradeza se prati samaya anantAnanta karmoM kA AzravaNa ho rahA hai| ye karma praveza karate hai, phala dekara prati kSaNa ananta saMkhyA meM alaga bhI hote rahate haiN| baMdhane aura alaga hone kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| isake bAvajUda bhI jIva karma se mukta nahIM hotaa| jaise ghAva meM surAkha ho aura pIpa AtI rahe to Upara kA mavAda nikalane para ghAva khAlI nahIM hotaa| jaise koI vyakti purAne RNa kA bhugatAna to karatA haiM kintu nayA RNa bhI letA rahatA hai to vaha RNamukta nahIM hotaa| vaise hI jaba taka naye karmoM ke Agamana kA srota cAlU hai taba kriyA aura antakriyA 245

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taka purAne karmoM ke pRthak hote rahane para bhI jIva karmoM se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye mukti ke lie saMvara aura nirjarA donoM anivArya hai| bauddha paramparA meM svatantra rUpa se nirjarA ke sambandha meM ullekha nahIM dekhA jAtA kintu nirjarA pratyaya ko mAnyatA dI hai| unhoMne tapasyA ke sthAna para cittavizuddhi para adhika bala diyA hai| jaina darzana meM nirjarA zabda kA prayoga jisa artha meM kiyA hai, vaha gItA meM bhI upalabdha hai| "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcanaH" - karma karane kA tumheM adhikAra hai, phala kI AkAMkSA mata kro| yaha niSkAma karmayoga mahAvIra kI sakAma nirjarA kA hI eka rUpa hai| kisI kAmanA se jur3I huI koI bhI pravRtti sakAma nirjarA ke antargata nahIM aatii| nirjarA ke prakAra nirjarA ke do prakAra haiM- sakAma aura akAma / svAbhAvika rUpa meM kAlAvadhi samApta hone para karma apanA phala dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai, use akAma nirjarA kahate haiN| ise anaupakramika nirjarA bhI kahate haiN| yaha prANI mAtra ke hotI hai| yaha akAma nirjarA isaliye hai ki isake lie vyakti kA saMkalpa yA prayatna vizeSa nahIM hotaa| karma - kSaya kI abhilASA se vrata Adi vividha prayatnoM ke dvArA jo nirjarA hotI hai vaha sakAma nirjarA hai| AgamoM meM akAma nirjarA zabda milatA hai| sakAma zabda anupalabdha hai kintu akAma ke pratipakSI tattva ke rUpa meM vaha apane Apa phalita ho jAtA hai| prakArAntara se candraprabha carita meM inheM kramaza: kAlakRta aura upakramakRta nirjarA tathA vipAkajA aura avipAkajA nirjarA bhI kahA jAtA hai| nArakAdi jIvoM ke svAbhAvika nirjarA hotI hai| vaha kAlakRta nirjarA hai| tapasyA se hone vAlI nirjarA upakrama kRta nirjarA hai|74 tattvArthasAra meM karmoM ke phala dene ke bAda hone vAlI nirjarA ko vipAkajA aura anudIrNa karmoM ko tapasyA Adi se udayAvali meM lAkara vedane se jo nirjarA hotI hai use avipAkajA nirjarA kahA hai| akAma nirjarA taba hotI hai jaba koI kriyA karma-kSaya kI dRSTi se nahIM kI jaatii| yaha karma-bhoga ke pariNAma svarUpa hone vAlI sahaja hai nirjarA karmakSaya kI abhilASA se kI jAnevAlI kriyA anupama nirjarA kI hetu banatI hai| sakAma nirjarA kI tulanA meM 246 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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anaupakramika nirjarA adhika mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai kyoMki yaha bhava cakra se mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka siddha nahIM hotii| ___ akAma nirjarA prANI mAtra ke hotI hai| yaha sarva mAnya siddhAMta hai| isa sambandha meM koI matabheda nhiiN| sakAma nirjarA ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| hemacandrasUri kI dhAraNA meM sakAma nirjarA yogiyoM - saMyamiyoM ke hI hotI hai, anya prANiyoM ke nhiiN|76 svAmI kArtikeya bhI isI mata kA samarthana karate haiN| eka mata yaha bhI hai ki sakAma nirjarA samyak dRSTi ke saMbhava hai, mithyAdRSTi ke nhiiN| isa viSaya meM AcArya bhikSu kA cintana bhinna hai| unake anusAra sakAma nirjarA ke adhikArI sAdhu, zrAvaka, vratI, avratI, samyakdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi sabhI ho sakate haiN| zarta itanI hI hai ki nirjarA kA sAdhana niravadya aura sAdhya (lakSya) karma-kSaya honA caahiye| AcArya bhikSu ne ise udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA hai ___eka strI pati ke divaMgata hone para vidhavA hai athavA pati ke dvArA tyakta hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha zarIra kA parikarma nahIM krtii| sAja-sajjA se virakta hai| rasoM kA sevana nahIM krtii| brahmacarya Adi vratoM kA pAlana karatI hai| usase alpa mAtrA meM karmakSaya hotA hai kintu vaha akAma nirjarA hai kyoMki usakA lakSya mokSa nahIM hai| koI vyakti yaza, kIrti, zlAghA laukika abhyudaya, svargAdi kI prApti ke liye tapasyA karatA hai usake bhI akAma nirjarA hotI hai kyoMki usakA bhI lakSya mokSa nahIM, ihalaukika-pAralaukika siddhi prApti kA hai| AcArya bhikSu laukika abhyudaya ke liye tapasyA ke pakSadhara nahIM the| unakA mAnanA thA ki jaise anAja ke pIche tUr3I yA bhUsA sahaja prApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra ucca lakSya se kI gaI tapasyA se abhyudaya svata: niSpanna hotA hai| abhavya kI sAdhanA bAhya dRSTi se hotI hai, isalie vaha bhI akAma nirjarA hai jaise vyakti kA aihika lakSya aura mithyAtva virAdhanA kI koTI meM AtA haiM vaise tapasyA virAdhanA kI koTI meM nahIM aatii| lakSya ThIka nahIM hone se isa prakAra kI tapasyA heya hai, mUlata: nhiiN| dazavaikAlika kA prakaraNa isa tathya kA saMvAdI pramANa hai|78 viviha guNa tavorae ya niccaM, bhavai nirAsai nijjrhie| tavasA dhuNai purANa pAvagaM, jutto sayA tava smaahie|| na vartamAna jIvana kI bhogavilASA, na pAralaukika bhAgobhilASA, na kIrti, kriyA aura antakriyA 247

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varNa, zabda aura zloka ke lie tapa kareM, apitu nirjarA ke atirikta anya kisI bhI uddezya se tapa nahIM kreN| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM uttama tapa vahI hai jo Atmazuddhi ke liye kiyA jaaye| vAcaka umAsvAti ne bhI tapa aura pariSaha-jaya kRta nirjarA ko hI kuzalamUlA, zubhAnubaMdhaka tathA niranubaMdhaka kahA hai| abuddhipUrvA nirjarA ko akuzalAnubaMdhaka kahA hai| 79 AcArya bhikSu aura terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya jItamalajI ne anukaMpA kI caupAI, AcAra kI caupAI, jinAgyA kI caupAI, bhagavatI jor3a, zrAvaka nA bAraha vrata Adi graMthoM meM vistAra se sakAma akAma nirjarA para vicAra kiyA vaha isa prasaMga meM mananIya hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM 'egA nijjarA' kahakara nirjarA ko eka hI prakAra kA kahA hai| 80 dUsarI ora 'bArasahA nijjarA sA' kahakara nirjarA bAraha prakAra kI batalAI hai| aisA kyoM? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki agni eka rUpa hone para bhI nimitta ke bheda se kASThAgni, pASANAgni Adi pRthak-pRthak saMjJA prApta kara aneka prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| vaise hI karma parizATana rUpa nirjarA to eka hI hai kintu vaha parizATana bhinna-bhinna nimittoM se hone se sakAma nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra haiN| ata: bAraha bheda ke pIche bhI kAraNa hai inameM bhI pratyeka ke chaH prakAra haiM- bAhya aura Abhyantara / nirjarA ke apane viziSTa prayojana haiN| kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane para nirjarA ke bAraha bheda kiye gaye haiN| bAraha prakAra punaH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAte haiM - bAhya evaM aabhyNtr| jo bAhya dravya ke Alambana se hotA hai aura dUsaroM ke dRSTipatha meM AtA hai, use bAhya tapa kahate hai / mana kA niyaMtraNa karane vAlA Abhyantara tapa hai| nirjarA ke do prakAra haiM- bAhya aura Abhyantara / inameM se pratyeka ke chaH prakAra haiN| bAhya nirjarA ke cha: prakAra nimnAnusAra haiM- 1. anazana, 2. avamaudarya, 3. vRtti -saMkSepa, 4. rasa - parityAga, 5. kAyakleza, 6. pratisaMlInatA / Abhyantara nirjarA ke prakAra- 1. prAyazcita, 2. vinaya, 3. vaiyAvRtya, 4. svAdhyAya, 5. dhyAna, 6. vyutsarga / (1) anazana - anazana kA sIdhA artha AhAra - tyAga se hai| vaha tyAga kama se kama eka dina rAtri kA aura adhikatama chaha mahIne kA ho sakatA hai| isaliye anazana do ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 248

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prakAra kA hai - 1. itvarika, 2. yAvatkathika / itvarika AkAMkSA sahita hotA hai| yAvatkathika AkAMkSA rahita hotA hai| itvarika sAvadhika hone se nizcita avadhi ke bAda bhojana grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yAvatkathika meM bhojana kI koI AkAMkSA zeSa nahIM rhtii| isaliye ise niravakAMkSA tapa bhI kahA hai|" itvarika anazana ke aupapAtika sUtra meM caudaha prakAra nirdiSTa haiN| 82 (1) caturthabhakta (2) SaSTha bhakta (3) aSTama bhakta (4) dazama bhakta (5) dvAdaza bhakta ( 6 ) caturthadaza bhakta (7) SoDaza bhakta (8) ardha mAsika bhakta (9) mAsika bhakta (10) dvaimAsika bhakta ( 11 ) traimAsika bhakta (12) caturtha mAsika bhakta ( 13 ) paMca mAsika bhakta (14) SaT mAsika bhakta - - - - - upavAsa do dina kA upavAsa tIna dina kA upavAsa cAra dina kA upavAsa pAMca dina kA upavAsa chaha dina kA upavAsa sAta dina kA upavAsa pandraha dina kA upavAsa eka mAsa kA upavAsa - do mAsa kA upavAsa tIna mAsa kA upavAsa - cAra mAsa kA upavAsa pAMca mAsa kA upavAsa chaha mahIneM kA upavAsa uttarAdhyayana meM anazana cha: prakAroM kA nirdeza milatA hai - 1. zreNI tapa, 2. prataratapa, 3. ghana tapa, 4. varga tapa, 5. varga- varga tapa, 6. prakIrNa tapA 83 (2) avamaudarya - UnodarikA 84 avamodarikA 85 bhI avamaudarya 86 ke paryAyavAcI haiN| 'UNa' aura 'ona' donoM kA artha hai - kama / uttarAdhyayana meM inakA isI artha meM prayoga milatA hai 87 uyara - udara kA artha hai - pett| jisa vyakti kI jitanI AhAra - mAtrA hai, usase kama khAnA UNodarikA athavA avamodarikA tapa kahalAtA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura paryAya kI apekSA yaha pAMca prakAra kA haiM ise do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - (1) dravyata: avamaudarya ( 2 ) bhAvataH avamaudarya / kriyA aura antakriyA 249

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dravyata: avamaudarya ke do prakAra haiM- bhakta-pAna avamaudarya, upakaraNa avamaudaryI bhaktapAna avamaudarya ke pAMca prakAra hai - 1. ATha grAsa khAnevAlA alpAhArI hotA hai 2. bAraha grAsa khAne vAlA apArddha avamaudarya hotA hai| 3. solaha grAsa lene vAlA arddha avamaudarya hotA hai| 4. caubIsa grAsa lene vAlA pauna avamaudarya hotA hai| 5. ikkIsa grAsa lene vAlA avamaudarya hotA hai| (1) grAsa kA parimANa murgI ke aNDe89 yA hajAra cAvala jitanA mAnA gayA hai|90 yaha dravya se bhaktapAna avamodarikA hai| (2) nAnA prakAra ke kSetra bhikSA ke liye hote haiN| unameM amuka kSetra meM bhikSA karUMgA sAdhu kA aisA saMkalpa kSetra se bhaktapAna avamodarikA hai| (3) divasa sambandhI cAroM prahara meM jitanA kAla rakhA ho, usa niyata kAla meM sAdhu kA bhikSATana karanA kAla avamaudarya hai| Agama meM tIsare prahara meM bhikSA karane kA vidhAna hai| tIsare prahara ke bhI do-do ghar3I pramANa cAra bhAga hote haiN| ina cAra bhAgoM meM se kisI amuka bhAga meM hI bhikSA ke liye jAne kA abhigraha kAla kI apekSA se avamaudarya hai| (4) strI athavA purUSa, alaMkRta yA analaMkRta, vayaska yA praur3ha, amuka vastra kA dhAraka yA anya kisI vizeSatA se pUrNa vyakti ke bhojana pAnI Adi degA to grahaNa karUMgA anyathA nahIM- isa prakAra ke bhAva avamodarikA kA eka artha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, kalaha Adi ko kama karanA bhI hai| upakaraNa avamodarikA tIna prakAra kI hai(1) eka vastra se adhika kA upayoga na krnaa| (2) eka pAtra se adhika kA upayoga na krnaa| (3) malIna vastra- pAtroM me aprItibhAva kA honaa| yadi upakaraNa meM mUrchA hai to isa mUrchA ko kama krnaa| upakaraNa avamodarikA hai|92 abhigraha pUrvaka bhikSATana karanA bhAva se avamaudarya hai| 250 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(5) dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi paryAyoM se bhaktapAna avamodarikA karanA paryAya avamaudarya hai| 93 ( 3 ) bhikSAcarI - uttarAdhyayana, aupapAtika, bhagavatI aura sthAnAMga meM isake lie bhikSAcaryA tapa nAma milatA hai| samavAyAMga 4 tattvArtha " dazavaikAlika niryukti" meM vRttisaMkSepa aura vRttipari-saMkhyAna nAma upalabdha hotA hai| anazana kI taraha bhikSATana meM bhI kaSTa hone se sAdhu ko nirjarA hotI hai| isaliye ise tapa mAnA gayA hai athavA viziSTa yA vicitra prakAra ke abhigraha saMyukta hone se vRtti saMkSepa tapa hai|" aupapAtika" tathA bhagavatI" meM vRtti-saMkSepa ke tIsa prakAra bhI batAye haiM kintu yaha bheda-saMkhyA antima nahIM hai / sthAnAMga meM purimArddha caryA, bhinna piNDa caryA-do nAma aura milate haiN| mUlArAdhanA meM vRtti - saMkSepa ke ATha prakAroM kA ullekha hai| 100 vahAM gocarAgra ke chaha prakAra haiM (1) gatvA pratyAgatA (4) pelaviyA (2) RjuvIthi (5) zaMbukAvartA ( 3 ) go - mUtrikA (6) paMtaga vIthi ( 4 ) rasa parityAga - rasoM ke parivarjana ko rasa parityAga tapa kahate haiM / 100 aupapAtika sUtra meM isake nau prakAroM kA nirdeza hai 1 ) nirvikRti - vikRti kA tyAga 2) praNIta rasa parityAga - snigdha-gariSTha AhAra kA tyaag| 3) AcAmla - amla rasa mizrita anna kA AhAra / 4) avazrAvaNa gati siktha bhojana - ausAmana se mizrita anna kA AhAra / 5) arasa AhAra - hIMga Adi se asaMskRta AhAra / 6) virasAhAra - purAne dhAnya kA AhAra / 7) anta AhAra - tuccha dhAnya kA AhAra / 8 ) prAntAhAra - ThaMDA AhAra / 9) rukSa AhAra - rukhA AhAra | " 102 jina vastuoM se jIbha aura mana vikRta hote haiM, unheM vikRti kahA jAtA hai| vikRttiyoM ke niSedha ke pIche mahAvikAra tathA mahAjIvopaghAta mukhya hetu hai / aupapAtika TIkA meM uddhRta gAthA meM taila Adi se talI vastu ko bhI vikRti kahA hai| kriyA aura antakriyA 251

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"khIradahI NavaNIyaM, ghayaM tahA tellameva guDa mj| mahu maMsa ceva tahA ogAhi maga ca dasamI u|| vikRttiyAM nau haiN|103 dUdha, dahI, navanIta, ghI, guDa, madhu, madya, mAMsa, tel| inameM madhu, mAMsa, madya navanIta ko mahAvikRti kahA hai|104 paMDita AzAdharajI ne vikRti ke cAra prakAra batAye haiN|105 gorasa vikRtti- dUdha, dahI, ghRta, makkhana Adi ikSurasa vikRti- gur3a, cInI aadi| phalarasa vikRtti- aMgUra, Ama Adi phaloM ke rs| dhAnya rasa vikRti- tela, mAMDa aadi| svAdiSTa bhojana ko bhI vikRti kahA jAtA hai| 106 (5) kAyakleza- kAyAkleza kA artha zarIra ko kisI prakAra se kaSTa denA nahIM apitu dehAsakti kA tyAga karanA hai| isa prakriyA se zarIra ko jo kaSTa hotA hai, usakA nAma kAyakleza hai| sthAnAMga meM isake sAta prakAroM kA ullekha hai|107 aupapAtika meM bAraha nAma Ate haiN| AcArya vasunandI ke anusAra AcAmla, nirvikRti, eka sthAna, upavAsa, belA Adi ke dvArA zarIra ko kRza karanA kAyakleza hai| 108 kAyakleza svecchA se kiyA jAtA hai| parISaha sahaja samAgata kaSTa hai|109 (6) pratisaMlInatA-prati-viruddha meM, saMlInatA - samyak prakAra se lIna honA arthAt nirdiSTa vastu ke pratipakSa meM lIna honA pratisaMlInatA hai| vaha cAra prakAra kI hai (1) indriya pratisaMlInatA-pAMca indriyoM kI viSayAbhimukha-pravRtti kA nirodha athavA prApta viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa na karanA indriya pratisaMlInatA hai| (2) kaSAya pratisaMlInatA-kaSAya ke udaya kA nirodh| udaya prApta kaSAya ko viphala krnaa|110 (3) yoga pratisaMlInatA- yoga pratisaMlInatA tIna prakAra kI hai - mana-yoga pratisaMlInatA- akuzala mana kA nirodha krnaa| kuzala mana kI pravRtti aura mana ko ekAgra karanA - mana yoga pratisaMlInatA hai|111 vacana-yoga pratisaMlInatA- akuzala vacana kA nirodha, kuzalavacana kI pravRtti aura vANI kA saMyama karanA - yaha vacana yoga pratisaMlInatA hai|112 252 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kAya-yoga pratisaMlInatA - hAtha paira ko susamAhita kara kachue kI taraha guptendriya aura sarva aMgoM ko pratisaMlIna kara sthira rahanA kAya yoga pratisaMlInatA hai / 113 (4) vivikta - zayanAsana sevana pratisaMlInatA - strI, pazu, napuMsaka ke saMsarga se rahita vastI meM prAsu eSaNIya pITha, phalaka, zayyA aura saMstAraka ko prApta kara rahanA vivikta - zayanAsana sevana tapa hai| Abhyantara tapa ke bhI cha: prakAra hai (7) prAyazcitta - jisase pApa kA cheda ho athavA jo citta kI vizodhi karatA ho, use prAyazcitta kahate hai / doSa vizuddhi ke liye prayatna karanA prAyazcita hai| isase AtmA nirmala hotI hai kintu saralatA, nizchalatA pUrvaka prAyazcitta karane se hI mana kI granthiyoM kA vimocana hotA hai, naI granthi nahIM bntii| svIkRta niyamoM kA atikramaNa hone para doSa zuddhi hetu gurU athavA jyeSTha sAdhvI se daNDa lenA prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai| "pApaM chinnatti yasmAt prAyazcittamiti bhaNyate tasmAt / prAyeNa vApi cittaM vizodhayati tena prAyazcittam // " prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAra haiM 1. AlocanA yogya 2. pratikramaNa yogya 3. tadubhaya - yogya 4. viveka - yogya 5. vyutsarga - yogya 6. tapa - yogya 7. cheda - yogya 8. mUla - yogya 9. anavasthApya yogya 10. pArAMcika yogya kriyA aura antakriyA : : : : : kaayotsrg| : gurU ke samakSa apane doSoM kA nivedana / 'mithyA me duSkRtam' merA duSkRta niSphala ho - isa bhAvanA ke sAtha apane doSoM kA uccaarnn| AlocanA aura pratikramaNa donoM krnaa| azuddha AhAra Adi kA utsrg| anazana, anodarI Adi tapasyA karanA / : dIkSA paryAya kA chedn| : punardIkSA / : sAdhu - tapasyA pUrvaka punardIkSA / 1: bhartsanA evaM avahelanA pUrvaka punardIkSA / 114 253

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digambara paramparAnusArI tattvArtha sUtra tathA usake vyAkhyA graMtha tattvArtha vArttika meM prAyazcita ke nau hI prakAra nirdiSTa hai / 115 ( 7 ) vinaya - Abhyantara tapa kA yaha dUsarA prakAra hai / vinaya kA eka artha karmapudgaloM kA vinayana, pRthakkaraNa kA prayatna hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra jJAna, darzana Adi ko vinaya kahA hai kyoMki unake dvArA karma - pudgaloM kA vinayana hotA hai| vinaya kA dUsarA artha - bhakti- bahumAna Adi karanA hai / isa artha ke anusAra jJAna - vinaya Adi kA artha jJAna Adi kA Adara karanA hai| karmoM kA apanayana karanA vinaya kA AdhyAtmika pakSa hai| ahaM visarjana, bar3oM kA bahumAna aura unake prati asad-vyavahAra kA varjana vinaya kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai| vinaya kA vyavasthita nirUpaNa aupapAtika meM milatA hai| 116 ThANAMga 1 17 bhagavaI 1 18 meM vinaya ke sAta prakAroM kA nirdeza haiM - jJAna-vinaya, darzana - vinaya, cAritra - vinaya, manavinaya, vacana-vinaya, kAya-vinaya, lokopacAra - vinaya / anAzAtanA ke 45 prakAra, cAritra vinaya ke prakAra 5, mana vinaya ke aprazasta prazasta rUpa 24, vacana 4, kAya 14, lokopacAra ke 7 prakAra | vinaya ke hI bheda haiN| 119 ( 8 ) vaiyAvRtya - vaiyAvRtya arthAt sevA / AcArya Adi kI AhAra Adi ke dvArA sevA karanA vaiyAvRtya kahalAtA hai| sahayoga kI bhAvanA se sevAkArya meM jur3anA vaiyAvRtya hai| isa tapa kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA apekSA ko samajhakara sevAbhAvanA aura kartavya-niSThA se choTe-bar3oM kA sahayogI banatA hai| AdhyAtmika lakSya se kI jAne vAlI sevA hI tapa kI zreNI meM AtI hai kyoMki vahI nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| aglAna bhAva se vaiyAvRtya karanevAlA zramaNa-nirgrantha mahAnirjarA, mahAparyavasAna vAlA hotA hai| vaiyAvRtya ke dasa prakAra haiN| 120 1. AcArya kA vaiyAvRttya - bhavya jIva jinakI preraNA se vratoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM, unako AcArya kahA jAtA hai| unakA vaiyAvRttya karanA / 2. upAdhyAya kA vaiyAvRttya - jo muni vrata, zIla aura bhAvanA ke AdhAra hai, jinake pAsa jAkara vinaya se zruta kA adhyayana karate haiM, unheM upAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai| unakA vaiyAvRttya krnaa| 3. tapasvI kA vaiyAvRttya- mAsopavAsa Adi tapa karane vAlA tapasvI kahalAtA hai, unakA vaiyAvRttya karanA / 254 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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4. zaikSa kA vaiyAvRttya - jo zrutajJAna ke zikSaNa meM tatpara aura vratoM kI bhAvanA meM nipuNa hai, use zaikSa kahate haiN| unakA vaiyAvRttya krnaa| 5. glAna kA vaiyAvRttya - jisakA zarIra roga Adi se AkrAnta hai, vaha glAna hai, usakA vaiyAvRttya karanA / 6.gaNa kA vaiyAvRttya-- sthavira muniyoM kI saMgati ko gaNa kahA jAtA hai| unakA vaiyAvRttya krnaa| 7. kula kA vaiyAvRttya - dIkSA dene vAle AcArya kI ziSya paramparA ko kula kahA jAtA hai, unakA vaiyAvRttya karanA / 8. saMgha kA vaiyAvRttya - zramaNa-samUha ko saMgha kahA jAtA hai| usakA vaiyAvRttya krnaa| 9. sAdhu kA vaiyAvRttya - cirakAla se pravrajita sAdhaka ko sAdhu kahA jAtA hai, usakA vaiyAvRttya krnaa| 10. manojJa kA vaiyAvRttya - manojJa ke tIna artha haiM (a) abhirUpa arthAt jo apane hI saMgha ke sAdhu veza meM hai / - (ba) jo saMsAra meM apanI vidvattA, vAk-kauzala aura mahA kulInatA ke kAraNa prasiddha hai| (sa) saMskArI asaMyata samyak - dRSTi / (10) svAdhyAya - AdhyAtmika granthoM ke adhyayana, manana aura nididhyAsana kA nAma svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya ke pAMca prakAra haiM- 1. vAcanA, 2. pRcchanA, 3. parivartanA, 4. anuprekSA, 5. dharmakathA / ( 11 ) dhyAna - mana kI ekAgra avasthA dhyAna hai| sthira adhyavasAna ko dhyAna kahate haiN| aparispanda agni jvAlA zikhA kahalAtI hai| vaise hI aparispandamAna jJAna dhyAna kahalAtA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA sthiratA ko bhI dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM- sthUla se sUkSma kI ora indriyoM se indriyAtIta avasthA kI ora prasthAna kA nAma dhyAna hai| jainAgamoM meM dhyAna ke cAra prakAra nirdiSTa haiM- 1. Artta dhyAna, 2. raudra dhyAna, 3. dharma dhyAna, 4. zukla dhyAna / kriyA aura antakriyA - 255

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ekAgratA ke AdhAra para dhyAna ke tIna prakAra bhI kiye gaye haiM- 1. mAnasika dhyAna, 2. vAcika dhyAna, 3. kAyika dhyAna / (12) vyutsarga- vyutsarga meM do zabda haiM- vi aura utsargI vi kA artha viziSTa aura utsarga kA artha tyAga hai| viziSTa tyAga karane kI vidhi ko vyutsarga kahate haiN| AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra - ni:saMgatA, anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura dehAsakti kA tyAga vyutsarga hai| vyutsarga ke do prakAra haiM - dravya vyutsarga, bhAva vyutsargI 1. dravya vyutsarga-zArIrika halana-calana Adi kriyAoM kA tyAga, sAdhu samudAya kA sahavAsa, vastra-pAtrAdi upadhi tathA AhAra ke tyAga ko dravya-vyutsarga kahate haiN| 2. bhAva vyutsarga- krodhAdi bhAva, saMsAra tathA karmAgama ke hetuoM kA tyAga bhAva vyutsarga kahalAtA hai| nirjarA ke uparyukta chaH prakAra sUkSma zarIra ko vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita karate haiN| inase karma zarIra kSINa hotA hai| ye mokSa sAdhanA meM antaraMga hetu banate haiN| isaliye ye Abhyantara tapa kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| bAhya tapa kI bhAMti antaraMga tapa se sthUla zarIra prabhAvita hotA hai - aisA pratIta nahIM hotA kintu bhItara hI bhItara karma-zarIra ke bhedana karane kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai| jaina dharma meM tapa kevala sthUla zarIra kI sAdhanA nahIM hai| yahAM tapa kA artha indriya aura mana kA nigraha karanA hai| kArmaNa zarIra kA tApaka hone se tapa adhika nirmalatA ko saMpAdita karatA hai aura saghana nirjarA kA hetu banatA hai| Atma zuddhi ke lakSya se svecchApUrvaka kie gaye ye sabhI tapa sakAma nirjarA ke antargata Ate haiN| sakAma tapa avipAkajA nirjarA kA hetu hai|121 AcArya bhikSu ne kahAsakAma tapa apane sAmarthya se anudaya prApta karmoM ko udayAvalikA meM lAkara alaga karatA hai| jaise-Ama, panasa Adi ko prayatna vizeSa ke dvArA samaya se pUrva hI (aupakramika kriyA akAla meM) pakA liyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra sakAma tapa udayAvalikA ke bAhara sthita karmoM ko khIMcakara samaya se pahale udayAvalikA meM le letA hai| ise udIraNA kahA jAtA hai| udIraNA ke lie vizeSa puruSArtha kI apekSA rahatI hai| nimnokta saMvAda isa tathya kI puSTi karatA haiN| gautama ne pUchA-bhaMte ! anudIrNa kintu udIraNA-yogya karma-pudgaloM kI jo udIraNA hotI hai, vaha utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra parAkrama ke dvArA hotI hai athavA anutthAna, akarma, abala, avIrya aura apuruSAkAra aparAkrama ke dvArA?122 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! utthAna Adi ke dvArA udIraNA karatA hai, 256 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kintu anutthAna Adi ke dvArA nhiiN| isa prakAra karma- mukti bhI binA prayatna yA kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| karmamukti kI vividha kriyAeM hI nirjarA ke vibhinna prakAroM ke rUpa meM parigaNita haiN| bAhya nirjarA kA prayojana 1. saMyama prApti, rAga nAza, zAstrAbhyAsa, kamala-vizodhana | 2. vAta pitta - zleSma (kapha) Adi doSoM kA upazamana, jJAna-dhyAna Adi siddhi, saMyama meM sajagatA / 3. bhojana sambandhI icchAoM para niyaMtraNa, bhojana sambandhI AzA para aMkuza 4. nidrA vijaya, indriya - nigraha, svAdhyAya, dhyAna kI siddhi 5. brahmacarya - siddhi, bAdhAoM se mukti, svAdhyAya, dhyAna kI siddhi 6. zArIrika kaSTa sahiSNutA kA abhyAsa, zArIrika sukha kI vAJchA se mukti tathA jaina dharma kI prbhaavnaa| ' 123 Abhyantara nirjarA kA prayojana - 1. bhAva zuddhi, zalya mukti, caMcalatA kA abhAva, dhArmika dRr3hatA, pariNAma 12 prAyazcita ke 2. jJAna lAbha, AcAra zuddhi, samyag ArAdhanA, vinaya ke pariNAma 125 3. citta samAdhi, glAni kA abhAva, citta samAdhi kA lAbha, pravacana vAtsalya, vaiyAvRtya ke prinnaam| 126 4. prajJA jAgaraNa, saMdeha - nivAraNa, kuvicAra vizuddhi, adhyavasAya vizuddhi, svAdhyAya ke pariNAma / 127 5. asIma kA sAkSAtkAra, savikalpa se nirvikalpa kI ora, mAnasika duHkhoM se bAdhita na honA Ananda kI upalabdhi, kaSToM se bAdhita na honA, dhyAna ke pariNAma / 6. nirmamatva, doSoM kA uccheda, nirbhayatA, jIvana ke prati anAsakti, mokSa - mArga meM tatparatA Adi vyutsarga ke pariNAma | 12 128 (8) nirjarA aura nirjarA kI kriyA - nirjarA aura nirjarA kI kriyA (karaNI) kriyA aura antakriyA 257

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bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhii| eka labdhirUpa aura dUsarI kriyA rUpa hone se bhinna haiM kintu nirjarA kArya aura nirjarA kI kriyA kAraNa hone se aura donoM niravadya hone se eka bhI haiN| donoM niravadya haiN| nirjarA mokSa kA aMza hai| naye karmoM ke AzravaNa se nivRta hue binA bhavabhramaNa kI zrRMkhalA nahIM ttuutttii| karmoM ke AMzika-kSaya se AtmA kA AMzika ujvala honA nirjarA hai| jisa kriyA se ujvalatA hotI hai, vaha nirjarA kI kriyA hai| nirjarA ke lie eka zabda-vidhunana milatA hai, isakA artha hai prakaMpita kara denaa| jaise - pakSI paMkhoM ko hilAkara sAre rajakaNoM ko dhuna DAlatA hai, hilA DAlatA hai, vaise hI nirjarA karane vAlA apanI satpravRtti, satkriyA athavA sadanuSThAna ke dvArA karmarajoM ko dhuna DAlatA hai, prakaMpita kara, jhAr3akara sApha kara detA hai| isa prakAra nirjarA - prakaMpana kI prakriyA hai| kriyA aura antakriyA-sampUrNa karmoM kA mUloccheda karane kI kriyA antakriyA kahalAtI hai| antakriyA mokSAsAdhikA antima kriyA hai| abhayadevasUri ne antakriyA ko "yoga nirodhAbhidhAne zukla dhyAnena sakala karma dhvaMsa rUpA" kahA hai|129 mokSa kA artha svarUpa kI upalabdhi yA svarUpa meM avasthiti hai| baMdha hai to usakA pratipakSI mokSa bhI hai| baMdha karma-saMzleSa hai| mokSa karma kA sampUrNa kSaya hai- kRtsakarma viyogalakSaNo mokssH|130 mokSa kA lakSaNa sampUrNa karma baMdhanoM se mukta honA hai| mokSa sAdhya hai| saMvara-nirjarA sAdhana hai| jaise- kisI bar3e tAlAba ke jalAgama srotoM ko baMda kara, bhItara ke pAnI ko jala-praNAliyoM ke dvArA bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai| zeSa bace hue pAnI ke sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM se avazoSita hone para tAlAba khAlI ho jAtA hai| vaise hI AtmA kI ora Ane vAle karma pravAha kA saMvara dvArA nirodhakara aMta: sthita karma-maloM kA nirjarA kI prakriyA se niSkAsita karanA mokSa hai| __antakriyA kA phalita hai-punarjanma athavA janma-maraNa kI paramparA se pUrNa mukti|131 mRtyukAla meM manuSya sthUla zarIra se mukta ho jAtA hai para sUkSma zarIra (taijas - kArmaNa) usake sahacara bane rahate haiN| phalasvarUpa punaH sthUla zarIra kI prApti hotI hai| sUkSma zarIra ke rahate hue pUrvajanma, punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA kA anta nahIM ho sktaa| sthUla zarIra kA kAraNa sUkSma zarIra hai| jo sAdhaka karma-baMdhana ke mUla kA sarvathA unmUlana kara detA hai, usake sUkSma, sthUla sabhI zarIra chUTa jAte haiN| pariNAma svarUpa zarIrAdi ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyA kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA 258 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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"jai akiriyA teNeva bhavaggahaNeNaM sijhaMti, bujhaMti, muccaMti,parinivvAyaMti savvadukkhANamaMtaM kreNti|132 jo jIva akriya ho jAtA hai, vaha usI bhava meM siddha, buddha, mukta hokara parinirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra puNya - pApa donoM ke samApta hone se mukti hotI hai| pUrNa mukti ke lie sad - asad sabhI prakAra kI kriyAoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai| kriyA nirodha se karma nirodha hotA hai| sAdhanA ke prArambha meM asatkarma kA nirodha hotA hai| anta meM satkriyA kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai| 'saba duHkhoM ke anta karane kI prakriyA kA nAma antakriyA hai| naye kA apraveza aura purAne kA nirjaraNa apekSita hai| isIliye saMvara - nirjarA mokSa ke sAdhaka tattva haiN| unake binA antakriyA nahIM hotii| yaha antima kriyA hai| isake pazcAt koI kriyA nahIM hotii| isake dvArA janma aura mRtyu kA paryavasAna ho jAtA hai| AtmA sUkSma zarIra se bhI hamezA ke lie mukta ho jAtI hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra karma kSaya yahI antima kriyA hai| kahA hai- "antakriyAmiti aMta-avasAnaMtacca prastAvAdiha karmaNA bhava sAtatyaM, anyatrA game'ntakriyA zabdasya rur3hatvAt tasya kriyAkaraNa antakriyA - karmAnta karaNaM mokSa iti bhaavaarthH||" kRtsrakarma kSayAnmokSa iti vcnaat| AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi hai| para ucita upAyoM dvArA anAdi sambandha TUTa jAtA hai| dhAtu aura miTTI anAdi kAla se mile hue hai kintu zodhana kI prakriyA se donoM alaga ho jAte haiN| vaise hI adhyAtma sAdhanA kI viziSTa prakriyA dvArA AtmA aura karma alaga ho jAte haiN| __ AtmA aura karma ke pArasparika sambandha kA hetu hai- kriyaa| akriya avasthA meM koI sambandha sthApita nahIM hotaa| jaise- jaise kaSAya kSINa hote haiM, akriyA kI sthiti Ane lagatI hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM pUrNa akriyA kI sthiti ghaTita ho jAtI hai, taba sAre sambandha kSINa ho jAte haiN|133 anta kriyA aura guNasthAna antakriyA yA akriyA kI kramika sthiti ko samajhane meM guNasthAna kA siddhAMta mahattvapUrNa haiN| jaina darzana meM Atma vizuddhi kA mAnadaNDa guNasthAna hai| samavAyAMga ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ne guNasthAnoM ko jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kI vizuddhi se niSpanna Atma-sthiti kahA hai|134aagmoN meM guNasthAna zabda ke sthAna para jIva sthAna zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| kriyA aura antakriyA 259

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tattvArtha sUtra meM guNasthAna zabda nahIM dekhA jaataa| gommaTasAra meM ya jIva samAsa' nAma hai|135 dhavalA ke anusAra jIva kA guNoM meM avasthita rahanA jIva samAsa hai|136 guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa yA jIvasthAna inameM sirpha saMjJA bheda hai, artha kI bhinnatA nahIM hai| prathama guNasthAna meM IryApathika ke atirikta caubIsa kriyAeM haiN| dUsare aura cauthe guNasthAna meM taiIsa haiN| IryApathika tathA mithyAdarzana ko chor3a kara pAMcaveM meM bAIsa haiN| chaThe meM kevala do kriyAeM haiM- ArambhiyA aura maayaavttiyaa| 7 se 10 guNasthAna taka mAyAvattiyA, 11-12-13 veM guNasthAna meM eka IryApathika-kriyA tathA caudahaveM meM kriyA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| guNasthAna kI racanA kA mukhya AdhAra karma vizodhi hai| AtmA kI AdhyAtmika utkrAMti kA vaijJAnika nirUpaNa hai- gunnsthaan| saMsAra ananta jIva-rAzi kA mahAsAgara hai| sabhI jIvoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai| ananta bhinnatAoM ko caudaha vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| prathama aura tRtIya guNasthAna adhyAtma- vikAsa kI nyUnatama avasthA hai| cauthe se kramika UrdhvArohaNa prAraMbha hotA hai| kramika vikAsa hote-hote caudahaveM meM pUrNa vikAsa hotA hai| yogavid AcAryoM ne bArahaveM guNasthAna kI tulanA saMprajJAta yoga aura terahaveM - caudahaveM ko asaMprajJAta yoga se kI hai|137 ___vikAsazIla avasthA, madhya avasthA hai usakA eka chora avikAsa kA hai, dUsarA pUrNa vikAsa kaa| isa AdhAra para AtmA kI tIna avasthAeM banatI haiM -bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, prmaatmaa| pahale se tIsare taka bahirAtmA, cauthe se bArahaveM taka antarAtmA, zeSa do meM paramAtma svarUpa kA citraNa hai| ye AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI caudaha sIr3hiyAM hai| 1. mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna- jisakI dRSTi viparIta hotI hai, usa vyakti meM pAI jAne vAlI AdhyAtmika nirmalatA ko mithyA dRSTi guNasthAna kahate haiN| mithyAdRSTi meM darzana moha kA udaya pradhAna hai| udaya kI mukhyatA se ise audayika bhAva bhI aneka AcAryoM ne mAnA hai| yadyapi jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA kSayopazama bhI AMzika rUpa se hotA hai| usa kSayopazama ke AdhAra para samavAyAMga sUtra meM isa guNasthAna ko kSAyopazika bhAva kahA hai| isameM virodhAbhAsa nahIM, kevala mukhya aura gauNa kA aMtara hai| 2. sAsvAdana guNasthAna-sAsvAdana arthAt svAda yukt| aupazamika samyaktva se patita hone vAle mithyAtvAbhimukha jIva ke samyaktva kA AMzika AsvAdana zeSa rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se use sAsvAdana kahA hai|138 260 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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3.samyak-mithyAdRSTiguNasthAna-yaha dolAyamAna sthiti hai, isameM dRSTi mithyA aura samyak donoM hotI hai| aupazamika samyaktva meM vartamAna jIva mithyAtva mohanIya karma kA zodhana kara unheM tIna puJjoM meM vibhakta kara detA hai- zuddha, ardha zuddha aura azuddha aupazamika samyaktva prApta hone para jIva samyak dRSTi bana jAtA hai aura vaha caturtha guNasthAna kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| kintu usakI sthiti antarmuhUrta hI hotI hai| sthiti samApta hote hI jIva kI jaisI bhAvadhArA hotI hai, vaisA puJja udaya meM A jAtA hai| usake anusAra hI vaha samyak dRSTi banatA hai| yaha guNasthAna utkrAMti aura apakrAMti kA sthAna hai| prathama tIna guNasthAnoM meM darzana-zakti va cAritra - zakti kA vikAsa nahIM hone ke kAraNa una zaktiyoM ke pratibaMdhaka karma saMskAroM kI prabalatA hai| 4. avirata-samyagdRSTi- yaha vikAsa krama kI caturtha bhUmikA hai| isameM dRSTi samyak hai kintu vrata, niyama kI yogyatA prApta nahIM hotii| vrata Adi kI cetanA kA vikAsa usakI agalI bhUmikA se prArambha hotA hai| 5. dezavirati guNasthAna- isa guNasthAna kI prApti ke liye apratyAkhyAnI kaSAyoM kA upazAnta honA Avazyaka hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra viratAvirata vyakti trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata ho jAtA hai kintu sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata nahIM hotaa|139 yahAM jIva kI Asakti rUpa mUrchA TUTatI hai para pUrNa rUpeNa samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara paataa| 6.pramatta saMyata guNasthAna- isa bhUmikA meM pUrNa tyAga (sarva virati) kI yogyatA kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai kintu antarvartI anutsAha rUpa pramAda kA astitva banA rahatA hai| 7.apramata saMyata- isa guNasthAna meM azubha-yoga, azubhalezyA, azubhadhyAna nahIM rhtaa| anutsAha kA nirodha ho jAtA hai kintu pramAda kI Atyantika nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| 8. nivRtti bAdara-nivRtti kA artha hai - bhed| isameM vizuddhi kI bhinnatA hotI hai| isakA samaya antarmuhUrta hai| bhinna samayavartI jIvoM kI vizuddhi bhI samAna nahIM hotI haiN| eka samayavartI jIvoM kI vizuddhi bhI sadRza-visadRza donoM prakAra kI hotI haiN| AThaveM guNasthAna ko prApta jIva UrdhvArohaNa karatA hai| UrdhvArohaNa kI do zreNiyAM haiM - upazama zreNI aura kSapaka shrennii| upazama zreNI pratipanna jIva meM moha kI prakRtiyoM ko sarvathA kSINa karane kA sAmarthya nahIM hotA, vaha kevala unheM upazAnta karatA hai| moha ko kriyA aura antakriyA 261

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upazAnta karatA huA gyArahavIM bhUmikA taka pahuMca kara puna: nIce kI bhUmikAoM meM lauTa AtA hai| kSapaka zreNI meM ArUr3ha hone vAlA dasaveM guNasthAna se sIdhA bArahaveM meM praveza kara letA hai| vaha nIce kI bhUmikAoM meM nahIM lauTatA hai| upazama zreNI vAle jIva kA adha:patana hotA hai| ucca bhUmikA meM jAne ke pazcAt punaH AnA hotA hai, kyoMki upazama kI prakriyA eka prakAra se damana kI prakriyA hai| damita vRttiyAM avasara prApta hone para punaH jAgRta ho jAtI hai| gyArahaveM guNasthAna kA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta kA hI hai| ata: vRttiyoM ke jAgane para puna: nIce kI bhUmikA meM AnA svAbhAvika hai| kAlamAna pUrNa hote hI nIce kI bhUmikA meM A jAtA hai| antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt moha karma sakriya ho jAtA hai| nimnavartI guNasthAnoM kA sparza karatA huA jIva chaThe guNasthAna meM Thaharane ke yogya vizudhdi rahane para dIrghakAla taka vahAM avasthita raha jAtA hai| punaH utkramaNa bhI kara sakatA hai| yadi apekSita vizuddhi kA abhAva hai to prathama guNasthAna taka bhI pahuMca jAtA hai| nivRtti bAdara ko apUrvakaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai|140 (ka) isa guNasthAna meM apUrva vizuddhi prApta hotI hai isaliye isakA nAma apUrvakaraNa hai|140(kh) 9. anivRtti bAdara- anivRtti arthAt abhed| isameM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi sadRza rahatI hai| dasaveM guNasthAna kI apekSA bAdara-sthUla kaSAya udaya meM rahatA hai| isameM Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM kA guNa saMkramaNa, nirjaraNa, sthiti aura anubhAga samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha uccastarIya vikAsa kI bhUmikA hai| isameM kAma-vAsanAtmaka bhAva yAni veda janita vikAra samUla naSTa ho jAte haiN| ___10. sUkSma saMparAya- isa guNasthAna meM saMparAya (kaSAya) kA udaya sUkSma ho jAtA hai, kevala lobha kaSAya kA sUkSmAMza avaziSTa rahatA hai| 11. upazAnta moha- isameM mohanIya karma ko eka muhUrta ke liye upazAnta kara diyA jAtA hai| isa bhUmikA meM sthita jIva upazAMta moha yA vItarAga kahalAtA hai| 12. kSINa moha- yahAM mohakarma kA sarvathA unmUlana ho jAtA hai| senApati ke abhAva meM senA palAyana kara detI hai| vaise hI moha kSaya hote hI eka muhUrta kI alpa kAlAvadhi meM hI jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya tInoM ghAtI karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| phalataH kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| 13. sayogI kevalI- cAra ghAtI karmoM ke kSINa hone para bhI zarIra Adi kI pravRtti zeSa rahatI hai, use sayogI kevalI kahate haiN| pravRtti ke kAraNa IryApathika baMdhana hotA hai, para mAtra dvisAmayika bNdhn| 262 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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____14. ayogI kevalI- isameM sampUrNa mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, niSprakaMpa sthiti prakaTa hotI hai| yahI carama upalabdhi hai, Atma-vikAsa kI parAkASThA hai, kriyA se akriyA kI sAdhanA kI siddhi hai| yogadRSTi samuccaya meM AcArya haribhadra ne - mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA, parA Adi 8 dRSTiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| kriyA se akriyA kI ora ArohaNa jaina paramparA kI taraha anya paramparAoM meM bhI adhyAtma vikAsa kI bhUmikA para ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM hInayAna-mahAyAna-ina donoM paramparAoM meM kucha matabheda hai| hInayAna meM nirvANa mArga ke abhimukha sAdhaka ko zrotApanna-bhUmi, sakRdAnugAmI, anAgAmI, arhat bhUmi ina cAra / bhUmikAoM ko pAra karanA hotA hai|141mhaayaan meM dasa bhUmikAoM kA ullekha hai 1. pramuditA 2. vimalA 3. prabhAkarI 4. arciSmatI 5. sudurjayA 6. abhimukti 7. dUragamA 8. acalA 9. sAdhumati 10. dharmamegha yoga vasiSTha meM guNasthAnoM ke samakakSa hI caudaha bhUmikAeM prApta hotI hai|142 1. bIja jAgrata - yaha cetanA kI suSupta avasthA hai| 2. jAgrata - isameM ahaM aura mamatva kA atyalpa vikAsa hotA hai| 3. mahAjAgrata - isameM ahaM aura mamatva vikasita ho jAte haiN| 4. jAgrata svapna - mAnasika kalpanA kI avasthA hai| 5. svapna - svapna cetanA kI avasthA hai| 6. svapna jAgrata - yaha svapnila cetanA hai| 7. suSupti - svapna rahita nidrA kI avasthA hai| kriyA aura antakriyA 263

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8. . zubhecchA - kalyANa - kaamnaa| 9. vicAraNA - sadAcAra meM pravRtti kA nirnny| 10. tanumAnasA - icchAoM, vAsanAoM ke kSINa hone kI sthiti| 11. sattvApatti - zuddhAtma-svarUpa meM avsthiti| 12. asaMsakti - Asakti ke nirasana kI avsthaa| 13. padArthA- bhAvinI-bhogecchA kA pUrNa vily| 14. tUryagA - dehAtIta avsthaa| prathama sAta bhUmikAoM kA sambandha ajJAna se hai| zeSa kA saMbaMdha jJAna se hai| akriyA kA vikAsa aura niSpatti karma akarma ke binA nahIM cala sktaa| hRdaya dhar3akatA hai isaliye AdamI jItA hai, yaha Ama dhAraNA hai| yadi hradaya vizrAma na kare, pratikSaNa dhar3akatA hI rahe to eka dina bhI jInA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| isaliye pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha akriyA kA yoga jarUrI hai| akriyA meM yoga kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai| 143 yoga kA nirodha hone se zailezI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| usa sthiti meM aipithika tathA ejanAdi kriyAeM bhI banda ho jAtI haiN| isa prakriyA se karmoM kA vyavadAna arthAt zodhana hotA hai| isa prakAra akriyA se nirvANa (mukti) hotA hai| yaha tathya sthAnAMga ke isa prasaMga se kAphI spaSTa ho jAtA hai - 144(ka) 1. zravaNa kA phala jJAna hai| 2. jJAna kA phala vijJAna hai| 3. vijJAna kA phala pratyAkhyAna hai| 4. pratyAkhyAna kA phala saMyama hai| 5. saMyama kA phala karma-anAzrava (nirodha) hai| 6. anAzrava kA phala tapa hai| tapa kA phala vyavadAna (nirjarA) hai| 8. vyavadAna kA phala hai akriyA - mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pravRtti kA pUrNa nirodh|144(kh) 9. akriyA kA phala nirvANa hai| 10. nirvANa kA phala hai siddhi gti| 144(ga) antakriyA kI vividha avasthAeM jIva kI antima kriyA jisase jIva karmoM kA sampUrNa kSaya karake yoga nirodhAtmaka ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 264

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zukladhyAna ke caturtha bheda meM sthita hotA hai, usa samaya antakriyA hotI hai| jIva antakriyA vividha prakAra se vividha avasthAoM meM karatA hai| ___1.saMsAra kI sImA jaba dezona arddha pudgala parAvartana kI raha jAtI hai, taba se hI antakriyA kA zubhAraMbha ho jAtA hai arddha pudgala parAvartana- yaha eka kAla kI ikAI hai| jIva dvArA pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara zarIra, bhASA, mana aura zvAsocchvAsa rUpa meM pariNata karake punaH chor3a dene meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utane samaya ko pudgala parAvartana kahA jAtA hai| athavA- eka jIva ko dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se audArika Adi sAtoM vargaNAoM ke pudgaloM ko kramaza : yA vyutkrama se kAma meM lene se jitanA samaya lagatA hai, vaha eka pudgalaparAvarta kahalAtA hai| kAla ke vibhAgaavibhAjya kAla- eka smy| asaMkhya kAla- eka aavlikaa| 256 AvalikA- eka kSullaka bhava (sabase choTI Ayu) 2223 1229 AvalikA= eka ucchvAsa nizvAsa 3773 4446 2458 AvalikA yA sAdhika 17 kSullaka bhava yA = eka prANa 3773 eka zvAsocchvAsa 7 prANa = eka stoka 7 stoka = eka lava 3811 lava = eka ghar3I (24 miniTa) 77 lava = do ghar3I / athavA 65536 kSullaka bhv| yA 16777216 AvalikA athavA 3773 praann| athavA eka muhUrta (sAmAyika - kAla) 30 muhUrta = eka dina = rAta (ahorAtra) 15 dina = eka pkss| 2 pakSa = eka maas| 2 mAsa = eka Rtu 3 Rtu = eka ayana kriyA aura antakriyA 265

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2 ayana = eka varSa 5 sAla = eka yuga 70 kroDAkroDa 56 lAkha kroDavarSa eka pUrva asaMkhya varSa = eka palyopama 10 kroDAkroDa palyopama = eka kAlacakra 20 kroDAkroDa sAgara = eka kAla cakra ananta kAlacakra = eka pudgala - parAvartana usameM kucha kama dezona arddha pudgala parAvartana kahalAtA hai| 2. mokSa jAne kI sImA nirdhArita hote hI antakriyA prAraMbha hotI hai| 3. jisa bhava meM mokSa jAnA hai, usameM jaba se saMnyAsa liyA jAtA hai, usI samaya se antakriyA kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai| anantara aura parampara antakriyA nAka se sIdhe manuSya bhava meM Akara antakriyA karate haiM, use anantara antakriyA kahate haiN| bIca meM eka yA eka se adhika anya bhava karake antakriyA karate haiM, vaha parampara antakriyA kahalAtI hai| ratnaprabhA se paMkaprabhA ke nAraka donoM prakAra kI antakriyA karate haiN| dhUma prabhA se tamatamA taka ke nAraka parampara antakriyA karate haiN| isI prakAra asura kumAra deva, pRthvI, apU, vanaspatikAyika jIva, tiryaJca-paMcendriya, manuSya, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI vaimAnika jIvoM ke donoM prakAra kI antakriyA mAnI gaI hai| agni, vAyu aura tIna vikalendriya ke kevala parampara antakriyA hotI hai| nAraka se lekara vaimAnika taka ke jIvoM kI antakriyA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta hai| anantara aMtakriyA parampara antakriyA jIva ratnaprabhA se paMkaprabhA taka ke nAraka, asura kumAra, pRthvI, apU, vanaspati dhUmaprabhA, tamatamAprabhA, agni, vAyu, tIna vikalendriya tiryaJca paMcendriya, manuSya, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI, vaimAnika 266 hai| nahIM krte| karate haiN| hai| karate haiN| karate haiN| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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prathama tIna naraka, asura kumAra taka ke deva eka do athavA tIna yA utkRSTa 10 jIva eka samaya meM antakriyA karate haiN| isI prakAra saba jIvoM ke lie dekhie nimna cArTa jIva prathama tIna nAraka, asurakumAra nita kumAra taka ke deva asurakumAra Adi kI deviyAM paMkaprabhA ke nAraka pRthvI, apkAya vanaspati manuSya, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSa manuSyastrI vANavyaMtara deviyAM. jyotiSa deviyAM vaimAnika deva vaimAnika deviyAM samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya 1 samaya saMkhyA 1 se 10 1 se 5 1 se 4 1 se 4 1 se 6 1 se 10 1 se 20 1 se 5 1 se 20 1 se 108 1 se 20 isa viSaya meM maMDitaputra ke kucha prazna hai jo antakriyA ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM sahAyatA karate haiN| prazna- bhaMte! kyA ejanAdi kriyA nahIM karanevAlA antakriyA karatA hai ? 146 uttara - hAM maMDitaputra ! jo ejanAdi kriyA rahita haiM, una bhAvoM meM pariNamana nahIM karatA, AraMbha, sAraMbha, samAraMbha nahIM karatA, prANa, bhUta, jIva satva ko pIr3ita nahIM karatA, usa kampana rahita jIva kI antakriyA hotI hai| atIta meM ananta jIvoM ne aisI antakriyA kI hai, vartamAna meM kara rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM kreNgeN| prazna- kyA saMvRta aNagAra antakriyA karatA hai ? uttara- hAM, karatA haiN| vaha AyuSya ko chor3akara saghana rUpa meM baMdhI huI anya karmaprakRtiyoM ko zithila baMdhana vAlI karatA hai| dIrghakAlika karma - prakRttiyoM ko alpakAlika, tIvrAnubhava vAlI ko maMdAnubhava tathA bahupradeza vAlI ko alpa pradeza vAlI karatA hai, AyuSya karma kA baMdha nahIM karatA, asAtAvedanIya kA upacaya nahIM karatA / saMsArarUpa aTavI ko pAra kara jAtA hai, ataH saMvRta aNagAra ke antakriyA hotI hai| kriyA aura antakriyA 267

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antakriyA ke upAya antakriyA ke tIna upAya haiM - jJAnArAdhanA, darzanArAdhanA aura caaritraaraadhnaa| jJAnArAdhanA vAlA jaghanya tIna bhava athavA sAta-ATha bhava meM aMtakriyA karatA hai| darzanArAdhanA vAlA jaghanya tIna bhava athavA sAta-ATha bhava meM aMtakriyA karatA hai| cAritrArAdhanA vAlA jaghanya do bhava athavA tIsare bhava kA atikramaNa nahIM krtaa| madhyama rUpa se jJAna-darzana-cAritrArAdhanA karane vAlA do bhava athavA tIsare meM nizcita rUpa se antakriyA karatA hai| utkRSTa jJAna-darzana-cAritrArAdhanA karane vAlA koI usI bhava meM antakriyA karatA hai| koI do bhava bAda athavA koI kalpotpanna-kalpAtIta devaloka meM jAtA hai| adhikArI ke AdhAra para antakriyA ke do prakAra ho jAte haiM - zramaNa kI antakriyA aura kevalI kI antkriyaa| zramaNa kI antakriyA sAdhu kI do gatiyAM haiM- aMtakriyA aura kalpotpanna (klpoppttikaa)| jo ejanAdi kriyA nahIM karatA, usake sakala karma agni meM nikSipta ghAsa kI taraha zIghra bhasma ho jAte haiN| kevalI kI antakriyA kevala-jJAna kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt sayogI kevalI apekSAnusAra samudghAta karake yA binA kiye avaziSTa antakriyA kA prAraMbha karate haiN| unameM vedanIya, nAma, gotra karma kI sthiti se AyuSya karma kI sthiti kama raha jAne unameM saMtulana sthApita karane ke liye svabhAvataH samudghAta kriyA hotI hai| isameM Atma-pradeza sampUrNa loka meM vyApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakriyA kA kAlamAna sirpha ATha samaya kA hai| pahale samaya meM Atma-pradeza loka ke anta taka Urdhva aura adhodizA meM vyApta hote haiN| isameM daMDa jaisA AkAra banatA hai| dUsare samaya meM kapATAkAra phaila jAte hai| tIsare samaya meM maMthanI ke rUpa meM aura cauthe samaya meM AtmA saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| usake bAda pAMcaveM, chaThe, sAtaveM, AThaveM samaya meM Atma-pradeza kramaza : maMthAna, kapATa aura daNDa ke AkAra meM hokara pUrvavat dehasthita ho jAte haiN| ATha samaya meM pahale aura AThaveM samaya meM audArika yoga dUsare, chaThe aura sAtaveM samaya meM kArmaNakAyayoga ke sAtha audArika mizra kAyayoga tathA tIsare, cauthe aura pAMcaveM meM kArmaNa yoga pAyA jAtA hai| samudghAta karane, nahIM karane ke 268 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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saMdarbha meM kucha matabheda bhI haiN| ratnazekhara sUri Adi kaI vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki jisa jIva kA AyuSya chaha mAsa se adhika hai, use yadi kevalajJAna ho jAye to vaha jIva nizcaya hI samudghAta karatA hai|147k kintu anya kevalI ke liye yaha niyama nahIM hai| Arya zyAma ne likhA hai aMgatUNa samugyAyamaNaMtA kevalI jinnaa| jAi-maraNa vippamukkA siddhivaragatiM gyaa| arthAt ananta kevalI aura jina samudghAta kiye binA hI janma-maraNa se vipramukta ho gye|147kh jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA abhimata isase bhinna hai| unakA kahanA hai ki pratyeka jIva mokSa prApti se pUrva samudghAta avazya karatA hai| samudghAta karane ke bAda hI kevalI yoga nirodha kara zailezI avasthA prAptakara mokSa prApta karatA hai|148 digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| vastuta: ve samudghAta karate nahIM, svataH hotA hai| samudghAta karanA AlocanArha kriyA hai| samudghAta kI prakriyA AtmA kI vyApakatA se saMbadhita vaidika mAnyatA se sAmyatA rakhatI hai| antakriyA kA krama __ kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda avaziSTa AyuSya karma ko bhogatA huA jaba antarmuhUrta AyuSya zeSa rahatA hai taba saba yogoM kA kramaza: nirodha kara 'sUkSma-kriyA-anivRtti nAmaka zukladhyAna meM sthita jIva pahale mano-yoga phira vacana-yoga aura anta meM kAyayoga tathA, zvAsocchvAsa kA nirodha karatA hai,| a, i, u, R, la ina pAMca hrasvAkSaroM ke uccAraNa meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utane samaya meM samucchinna-kriyA-apratipAti nAmaka zukladhyAna dvArA bhavopanAhI karmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai| tatpazcAt audArika, taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra ko chor3akara jIva eka samaya meM Rju gati se Urdhvagamana karate hue mukta ho jAtA hai| siddha gati meM utpanna hone vAle jIva kevala Rjugati se hI gamana karate haiN| unake vigraha gati nahIM hotii| sayogI kevalI yoga nirodha kI prakriyA meM paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya ke prathama samaya meM manodravya aura manoyoga hotA hai, usakI tulanA meM asaMkhyAta guNa hIna manoyoga kA prati samaya nirodha karatA huA asaMkhyAta samaya meM sarvathA manoyoga kA nirodha kara letA hai| manoyoga kA nirodha kara paryApta dvIndriya ke vacana yoga se asaMkhyAta guNa nyUna vacana yoga kA asaMkhyAta samaya meM sarvathA nirodha ho jAtA hai| usake bAda avilamba prathama samaya meM utpanna hue aparyApta evaM sabase alpa vIryavAlA sUkSma panaka jIva kA jitanA kAyayoga hotA hai, usase asaMkhyAta guNahIna kAyayoga kA sarvathA kriyA aura antakriyA 269

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nirodha ho jAtA hai| kAyayoga ke nirodha kAla meM antima antarmuhUrta meM vedanIyAdi tIna karmoM meM se pratyeka karma kI sthiti ko apavartanAkaraNa dvArA ghaTAkara guNazreNI krama dvArA karma-pradezoM kI racanA ayogI avasthA ke kAlapramANa ke samAna banAtA hai| isa avasthA kA kAlamAna a, i, u, R, la, paMca hrasvAkSaroM ke uccAraNa jitanA hai| mukta jIvoM meM gati kriyA ___ bhagavatI sUtra meM akarmA kI gati ke hetuoM kA varNana karate hue kahA-nissaMgatA, niraMjanatA, gati - pariNAma, baMdhana - chedana, nirindhanatA Adi kAraNoM se akarmA jIva bhI gati karate haiN| jaise- agni, zikhA kI svabhAvataH Urdhvagati hai vaise hI akarmA kI Urdhva gati hotI hai|149 tattvArtha sUtra meM uparyukta kAraNoM kA hI samarthana kiyA gayA hai| vahAM mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana ke cAra kAraNa batAye haiM-150 (1) pUrva prayoga, (2) saMga kA abhAva, (3) baMdhana-mukti,(4) gti-prinnaam| isa prakAra jaina darzana kI sAdhanA baMdha se mokSa prApti kI sAdhanA hai| baMdhana talahaTI hai| mokSa zikhara hai| baMdha-vyavasthA kI bhAMti mokSa-vyavasthA kA saMcAlana bhI kriyA ke dvArA hotA hai| sUkSma adhyavasAya jahAM eka aura karma saMskAra tathA jIva ke madhya saMparka sUtra kA kArya kara rahe haiM, vahAM dUsarI ora saMparka-viccheda meM bhI inakA yogadAna hai| kriyA kI isa ubhayarUpatA ko dekhate hue AcArAMga kA yaha sUkta sArthaka pratIta hotA hai ki 'je AsavA te parisavA, je parisavA te AsavA' arthAt jo karma-baMdhana ke hetu haiM, ve hI karma-mukti ke upAya haiN|151 ___ekendriya se paMcendriya aura paMcendriya se muktAvasthA taka kA vikAsa adhyavasAyoM kI zuddhi aura AtmapurUSArtha kA pariNAma hai| utkramaNa kI isa sthiti meM zubha aura zuddha (rAga-dveSa vimukta) adhyavasAyoM kI mahanIya bhUmikA hai| cetanA ke UrdhvArohaNa kI yaha yAtrA kriyA se akriyA kI ora prasthAna hai| sAdhanA ke vibhinna sopAnoM kA Aroha karate hue sAdhaka siddhi taka pahuMcatA hai, sAdhanA svayaM sAdhya bana jAtI hai| saMdarbhasUcI 1. pAtaMjala yoga darzana; 1/2 - yogshcittvRttinirodhH| 2. saMyukta nikAya; 5/10 3. zrI bhikSu zabdAnuzAsana dhAtupATha, gaNa 7- yujyati yoge 4. vahI-gaNa; 4 - yujiMGa samAdhau 270 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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5. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; 4/25 (tRtIya saMskaraNa, 1982) 6. rAjavArtika; 9/7/11/603, 34 7. (ka) rAjavArtika; 9/7/11/603, 33 (kha) bhagavatI bhASya khaNDa-1, 1/141-146 8. tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 6/1/10 8 (a) uddhRta navapadArtha, pR. 420 navatattva sAhitya saMgraha, zrI nava tattva prakaraNam gA.36 9. tattvArtha sUtra; 6/1/4 10. nava padArtha; pR. 455 11. bhagavatI; 8/428-430 12. tattvArtha sUtra; 6/1-2, (kha) jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 4/16 13. AcArAMga bhASya; pR . 26 14. AcArAMga 1/4/2 zIlAMka TIkA patrAMka; 164 15. navapadArtha; pR. 370 16. navapadArtha; pR.369 17. jJAnasAra; pR. 100 18. samayasAra; 171 19. ThANaM; 5/109 20. samavAyAMga; 5/4 21. tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 8/1/28.594 22. sarvArthasiddha; 8/375 23. dhavalA; duHkha zasyaM karma kSetraM kRSanti phalavatkurvanti iti kaSAyA : / 24. AcArAMga; 3/73 25. sthAnAMga; 2/2 26. tattvArtha bhASyAnusariNI TIkA; 8/8/9- adhikaraNaM jIvAjIvA : / 27. prazna vyAkaraNa, Azrava dvAra (prathamAdhyayana) 1/5-30 28. AcArAMga; 2/86 29. AcArAMga cUrNi; pR. 72 30 aMguttara nikAya; 3/58, 6/63 31. gItA; 16/6 32. yogasUtra; 2/3 - avidyAsmitArAgadveSAbhinivezA: kleshaaH| . 33. nItizAstra; pR. 63 34. ThANaM; 2/59 35. (ka) tattvArtha; 1/4 (kha) sarvArthasiddhi-zubhAzubhakarmAgama dvAra rUpa AzravaH, Azrava nirodhalakSaNa: sNvrH| kriyA aura antakriyA 271

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36. tattvArthasUtra;sarvArtha siddhi : 1/4 37. terAdvAra, draSTAnta dvAra 37. (ka) tattvArtha; 9.2, 4-18 37. (kha) navatattva sAhitya saMgraha ke sarvanavatattva prkrnn| 38. sthAnAMga; 1/14 kI TIkA ayaM dvividho dravyato bhAvatazca, tatra dravyato jalamadhyagatanAvAderanavaratapravizajalAnAM chidrANAM tathAvidha dravyeNa sthaganaM saMvaraH, bhAvatastu jIvadroNyAmAzravatkarma - jalAnAmindriyAdicchidrANAM samityAdinA nirodhanaM saMvara iti| 39. paMcAstikAya ; amRtacandravRtti 2/142 40. dravya-saMgraha; 2/34 . cedaNApariNAmo jo kammassAsavaNi rohaNe heuu| . so bhAva saMvaro khalu davvAsavarohaNe annnno|| 41. dvAdazAnuprekSA, saMvarAnuprekSA; 95 sammattaM desavayaM, mahavvayaM taha jao ksaayaannN| ede saMvaraNAmA, jogAbhAvo thccev|| 42. samayasAra, saMvara adhikAra; 190-191 43. (ka) ThANaM; 5/110 (kha) samavAyAMga; 5/5 paMca saMvaradArA pannatA taM jahA - sammattaM viraI appamattayA akasAyA ajogyaa| 44. samavAyAMga; 5/5 45. ThANaM; 8/11 46. dhammapada; 360-361 47. (ka) prazna vyAkaraNa saMvara dvAra (kha) ThANaM; 10/10 48. tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArthasiddhi; 9-1 49. vahIM; 9/4. 50. nava tattva saMgraha; gA.10 bhASya 51. uttarAdhyayana; 24/26 ___eyAo paMca samiIo, caraNassa ya pvttnne| ___guttI niyattaNe vattA, asumatthesu svvso|| 52. tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi; 9/2 53. tattvArtha sUtra, rAjavArtika; 9/5 54. (ka) sthAnAMga; 8/17 (kha) samavAo; 8/2 (ga) uttarAdhyayana; 24/1,2, 19/36 272 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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55. tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi; 9/2, iSTe sthAne dhatte iti dharmaH / 55. (kha) ji.cU. pR. 15 durgati prasRtAn jIvAn yasmAda dhArayate tataH / dhatte caitAn zubhe sthAne, tasmAd dharma iti sthitaH // 56. uttarAdhyayana; 2 57. samavAyAMga; 22/1 58. bhagavatI; 8/8 59. navapadArtha; pR. 523 60. TIkama DosI kI carcA, uddhRta navapadArtha se; pR. 526 se 61. vahI 62. jhINI carcA; r3hAla . 6 63. sUyagaDo; 2/4 64. sthAnAMga; 1/109-126 65. jhINI carcA; DhAla . 6 66. jIva - ajIva; pR. 164-165 67. sUtrakRtAMga; 1/8/16 68. aMguttara nikAya; 6 / 58 69. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga 2; 621 70. bhagavatI ArAdhanA; 1659 71. tattvArtha vArtika; 1/4/12 72. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 5 / 16 tapasA karma vicchedAdAtmanairmalyaM nirjraa| 73. navapadArtha, AzravapadArtha; DhAla - 1/55 74. candraprabha caritam; 18/109-110 uddhata navapadArtha se; pR.610, nirjarA 2 75. tattvArthasAra; 7/24 76. nava tattva sAhitya saMgraha; gA. 128 udghRta navapadArtha - 611 jJeyA sAmA yaminAmakAmAnya dehinAm / 77. dvAdazAnuprekSA, nirjarA anuprekSA; 103-104 78. dasavaikAlika; 9/4/6 no ihalogaTThayAe tavamahiTThejjA no paralogaTTayAe tavamahiTThejjA no kittivaNNa- sadda-silogaTTayAe tavamahiTThejjA nannattha nijjaraTThayAe tavamahiTThejjA / / kriyA aura antakriyA 273

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79. tattvArtha sUtra bhASya; 9 / 7 bhASya 9 80. sthAnAMga; 1/16 81. uttarAdhyayana; 30/9 82. aupapAtika; sUtra. 19 83. uttarAdhyayana; 30/10-11 84. (ka) samavAyAMga; 6 / 3 (kha) bhagavatI; 25/7 (ga) uttarAdhyayana; 30/8 85. (ka) sthAnAMga; 3 / 382 (kha) bhagavatI; 25/7, (ga) aupapAtika; 30 86. tattvArthasUtra; 9/19, uttarAdhyayana; 30 / 14, 23 87. vahI; 30/15,20,21,24 88. aupapAtika; sUtra 19 89. aupapAtika; sUtra 19 90. mUlArAdhanA darpaNa; pR. 427 91. ThANaM; 3/381 92. aupapAtika; sUtra 19 93. uttarAdhyayana; 30/22-24 94. samavAyAMga; 6/3 95. tattvArthasUtra; 19/19 96. dazavaikAlika niryukti; gA. 47 97. ThANaM; 5/3/511 kI TIkA 98. aupapAtika; 30 99. bhagavatI; 25/7 100. mUlArAdhanA; 3/218 101. uttarAdhyayana; 30/26 102. aupapAtika; 30 103. ThANaM; 9/23 Nava vigatIo paNNattAo, taM jahA - khIraM, dadhi, NavaNItaM, sappiM, telaM, gulo, mahuM majjaM maMsaM / 104. vahI; 4/185 105. sAgara dharmAmRta; 5/35 kI TIkA 274 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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106. mUlArAdhanA; 3/216 107. ThANaM; 7/49 sattavihe kAyakilese paNNatte taM jahA - ThANAtie, ukkuDuyAsaNie, paDimaThAI, vIrAsaNie, Nesajjie, daMDAyatie, lgNddsaaii| 108. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra; 351 109. tattvArtha sUtra; 9/13 kI zruta sAgarIya vRtti 110. ThANaM; 4/2/278 kI TIkA 111. bhagavaI; 25/7 112. vahI 113. bhagavatI; 25/7, aupapAtika 30 114. ThANaM; 10/73 115. tattvArthavArtika; 9/22 116. aupapAtikasUtra; 40 117. ThANaM; 7/130 118. bhagavaI; 25/7/802 119. (ka) aupapAtika; sUtra 40 (kha) navapadArtha, nirjarA DhAla; pR. 660-661 120. ThANaM; 10/17 pR. 961-962 dasavihe veyAvacce paNNatte, taM jahA -AyariyaveyAvacce, uvajjhAyaveyAvacce, theraveyAvacce, tavassiyaveyAvacce, gilANaveyAvacce, sehaveyAvacce, kulaveyAvacce, gaNaveyAvacce, saMghaveyAvacce, saahmmiyveyaavcce| 121. tattvArtha sUtra; 8/23 sarvArthasiddhi 122. bhagavatI; 1.3 123. uttarAdhyayana; 30/7 TippaNa se uddhRta 124. vahI; 9/22 zruta sAgarIya vRtti 125. vahI; 9/23 zruta sAgarIya vRtti 126. vahI; 9/24 zruta sAgarIya vRtti 127. vahI; 9/25 zruta sAgarIya vRtti 128. tattvArtha sUtra; 9/26 zruta sAgarIya vRtti 129. vahI; 3/3 pra. 11 kI TIkA 130. tattvArthasUtra; sarvArthasiddhi; 1/4 131. prajJApanA sUtra, malayavRtti; patra 397 132. bhagavatI; 41/1 pR. 935 kriyA aura antakriyA 275

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133. ThANaM; 4 / 1-4 cattAri antakiriyAo, paNNattAo taM jahA tattha khalu imA paDhamA antakiriyA... tahavvagora purisajjAte dIheNaM pariyAeNaM sijjhaMti bujjhati mucvaMti pariNivvAyaMti savvadukkhANamaMtaM karei, jahA se bharahe rAyA cAuraMta cakkavaTTI - paDhama aMta-kiriyA ... / - 134. samavAyAMga vRtti; patra 36 135 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) ; 10 136. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana, bhAga-1, pR. 192 137. jaina karmasiddhAnta aura manovijJAna; pR 230 138. samavAyAMga; patra 26 139. gommaTasAra; gA. 31 140. (ka) vahI; gA. 50 (kha) vahI; gA. 51 141 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana, bhAga-1 pR. 207, (sAdhvI nagInA kRta) 142. rAjendra jyoti; pR 83 143. sthAnAMga; 3/3/190 144. (ka) vahI; 3 / 418 (kha) uttarAdhyayana; 29/28 vodANaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNaya / goyamA ! vodANeNaM akiriyaM jaNaya / (ga) bhagavatI bhASya; 2/5/111, sANaM bhaMte ! akiriyA kiMphalA ? siddhi saMgahaNI gAhA pajjavasANa phalA paNNattA goyamA ! savaNe NANeya, viNNANe, paccabhakkhANe ya sNjme| aNaNhae tave ceva, vodANe akiriyA siddhI / 145. kriyAkoza, pR. 196 146. bhagavaI, bhASya ; 3 / 143-148 147. (ka) prajJApanA pada; 36 (kha) ThANAMga, 8 / 114 pR. 840 148. Avazyaka, malayagiri vRtti; patra 536 149. bhagavatI bhASya 7 / 10-15 150. tattvArtha sUtra; 10/6, 276 pUrvaprayogAd, asaMgatvAd baMdhacchedAt tathAgatipariNAmAcca tadgatiH / 151. AcArAMga; 4/12 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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SaSThama adhyAya kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta vizva-vyavasthA kI vyAkhyA kA dhruva siddhAMta hai- prinnmn| pariNamana kA artha sthAI rahate hue parivartita honA hai| sRjana, vikAsa aura pralaya kA AdhAra pariNamana kA siddhAnta hI hai| pariNamana kA artha evaM svarUpa kriyA tathA pariNamana donoM meM zabda bheda hai, artha-bheda nhiiN| zabda koza kI dRSTi se paryAya, pariNamana, gati, kriyA ekArthaka haiN| pariNamana ke mukhyata: tIna aMga haiM -utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvy| pariNamana kI anivAryatA - astitva meM parivartita hone kI kSamatA hai| arthakriyAkAritva padArtha kA sarvamAnya lakSaNa hai| jo satata kriyAzIla hai, vahI sat hai| yadyapi bhAratIya darzana kA astitvavAdI cintana kUTastha nityavAda evaM kSaNikavAda- ina do taToM ke bIca pravAhita hotA rahA hai| koI vicAradhArA pariNamana ko mAnatI hai, koI nahIM maantii| jaina darzana ne ina donoM ko samanvita karate hue pariNAmI -nityavAda ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyaa| pratyeka padArtha ko sthAI mAnate hue bhI parivartanazIla maanaa| isa siddhAMta meM nityekAnta aura anityekAnta vicAradhArA kA samanvaya hone se vyApakatA kA darzana hotA haiN| vastu jagat meM bhI ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya vastu kisI bhI prakAra se kriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hai| ekAnta nitya vastu meM kisI prakAra kA parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai| kSaNikavAda ke AdhAra para bhI vastu meM dezagata aura kAlagata donoM hI rUpoM meM kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| isaliye ekAMta nityatA aura ekAMta anityatA vastu kA svarUpa nahIM ho sktii| AcArya hemacandra likhate hai- anarthakriyAkAritvAda vastutva prasaMga:-ityekAntanityAt kramAkramAbhyAM kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 277

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vyAptArtha kriyA vyApakAnupalabdhibalAt vyApakanivRtau nivartamAna vyApyamarthakriyA kAritvaM nivartayati, tadapi svavyApyaM sattvamityasan drvyaikaantH|' dUsare zabdoM meM, satpadArtha trilakSaNAtmaka hai - utpAdvyayadhrauvyayuktaM st| padArtha eka rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| kucha avadhi ke bAda dUsare rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| parivartana ke bAvajUda bhI apane astitva ko banAye rakhatA haiM utpAda aura vyaya donoM pariNamana kI AdhAra bhUmi hai| dhrauvya unakA anvayI-sUtra hai| dhrauvya prakampana ke madhya aprakampana kI sthiti hai| utpAda-vyaya aprakampa kI parikramA karatA huA parivartana hai| dhrauvya utpAda-vyaya ko gati detA hai kintu sAtha meM astitva kI maulikatA ko surakSita rakhatA hai| koI bhI astitva azAzvata nahIM hai, parivartana kI maryAdA se mukta bhI nahIM hai| kahA bhI gayA hai dravyaM paryAyaviyutaM, paryAyAH drvyvrjitaaH| kva kadA kena kiMrUpAH, dRSTAH mAnena kena vaa| dhrauvya kI taraha utpAda-vyaya bhI sat kA hI svabhAva hai| dravya aura paryAya kA saha -astitva hai| eka hI vastu meM virodhI dharmoM kA sahavAsa samasyA nahIM hai| virodha kI sthiti taba AtI hai jaba eka hI dRSTi se tInoM kI vyAkhyA kI jaaye| ukta prasaMga meM uttara paryAya kI apekSA utpAda, pUrva paryAya kI apekSA vinAza tathA mUlabhUta dravya kI dRSTi se dhrauvya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| utpAda ke samAna vyaya athavA vyaya ke samAna utpAda tathA dhrauvya ko mAnyatA deM to virodha kI sthiti banatI hai| kintu yahAM utpAda-vyaya kA hotA hai| kisI bhI satpadArtha kA Atyantika vinAza aura asatpadArtha kA utpAda nahIM hotA hai| guNadRSTi se padArtha sthAI aura paryAya dRSTi se ve utpatti aura vinAza kI prakriyA se gujarate haiN| paMcAstikAya meM kahA hai bhAvassa Natthi NAso, Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado| guNapajaesu bhAvA, uppAdavyayaM pkuvvNti|| paryAya jagat atIta kA pratibimba aura anAgata yogyatAoM kA akSaya koSa hai| pariNamana ke siddhAMta kA koI apavAda nhii| pratyeka sat ko parivartana ke rAste se gujaranA par3atA hai| cAhe Ane vAlI paryAya sadRza-asadRza, alpa sadRza-ardhasadRza aura visadRza hI kyoM na ho| parivartana kI isa paramparA meM pratyeka dravya svayaM upAdAna hai| anya dravya nimitta 278 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kAraNa hai| jo kAraNa svayaM kArya meM pariNata ho jAtA hai vaha upAdAna hai| jo kArya rUpa meM pariNata na hokara pariNati meM sahayogI banatA hai vaha nimitta yA sahakArI kAraNa hai| ghaTapaTa meM miTTI aura tantu upAdAna hai| kuMbhakAra aura julAhA nimitta hai| bAhya nimitta kA yoga hone para upAdAna kAryarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| miTTI meM ghar3A, sikorA, pyAlA, surAhI Adi aneka paryAyoM kI saMbhAvanA hai kintu kuMbhakAra kI icchA, prayatna aura cakra Adi sAmagrI upalabdha hone para vaha tad tad rUpa pariNata ho jAtI hai| koI bhI dravya kisI dUsare dravya meM asaMbhava parivartana karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| pariNamana svAbhAvAnurUpa hI hotA hai| prakRti kA vidhAna nizcita haiN| anizcita agale kSaNa kI paryAya hai| pariNamana kA AdhAra pariNamana kA mUlAdhAra tripadI hai| jise utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| dUsarI dRSTi se pariNamana kA AdhAra hai pryaay| paryAya jagat bahuta vizAla hai| dravya kA saMsAra sImita hai| eka dravya ke ananta paryAya haiN| paryAyoM kI yavanikA meM dravya chipA huA hai| pratyeka astitva kA eka AyAma hai- kAla, jo astitva meM vyApta hokara use pariNamanazIla rakhatA hai| parivartana kI prakriyA aMtahIna hai| sUkSma parivartana indriya gamya nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgaloM ke pArasparika nimittoM se hone vAlA kevala sthUla pariNamana hI indriyagamya hai| __ pariNamana kA saMbaMdha astitva aura nAstitva donoM se hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra astitva kA astitva meM aura nAstitva kA nAstitva meM pariNamana hotA hai| jaiseaMgulI kA sarala avasthA se kuTila avasthA meM jaanaa| nAstitva kA nAstitva meM pariNamana - miTTI kA nAstitva taMtu meM aura tantu kA miTTI nAstitvarUpa pariNamana hotA hai| pariNamana gati artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai| arastu ne padArtha kI cAra prakAra kI gati mAnI hai| udbhava aura vinAza kI jitanI bhI prakriyAeM haiM, ve saba gati ke antargata haiN| cAra gati haiM___1. tAtvika gati- kisI vastu kA sat meM prakaTa honA aura asat meM vilIna ho jaanaa| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 279

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2. guNAtmaka gati- eka dravya kA dUsare dravya meM rUpAntaraNa ho jaanaa| 3. pariNAmAtmaka gati-kisI vastu kI mAtrA meM vRddhi yA kamI honaa| dezIya gati- vastu kA sthAnAntaraNa ho jaanaa| arastu kA yaha abhimata jaina darzana ke samakakSa hI hai| gati do rUpoM meM hotI haiM- (1) rUpAntaraNa (2) dezAntara praapti| umAsvAti ne dharma, adharma, AkAza tInoM ko niSkriya kahA hai, isakA artha unameM dezAntara prApti rUpa gati kA abhAva hai, rUpAntaraNa kA nhiiN| sAMkhya ke anusAra pariNamana kA AdhAra rajoguNa hai, jisase pratyeka vastu kriyAzIla hai| pariNamana ke vividha rUpa pariNamana tIna rUpoM meM hotA haiM 1.dharma pariNAma- kisI dharma ke tirobhAva, abhibhava tathA prAdurbhAva se jo pariNamana hotA hai| 2.lakSaNa pariNAma- kAlagata parivartana pratyeka vastu kA bhUta, vartamAna evaM bhAvI rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai| 3. avasthA pariNAma-vidyamAna vastu meM avasthA parivartana ke kAraNa vailakSaNya dekhA jAtA hai| vastra kA nayA se purAnA honA, manuSya kI zizutva, bAlya, kaumArya, vArdhakya Adi paryAyeM avasthA pariNAma kI sUcaka hai| pariNAma ke garbha meM AvRta anAgata vartamAna ho jAtA hai| vahI atIta ke aMcala meM avyakta rUpa meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| yaha krama anAdi-nidhana hai| yoga darzana meM pariNAma kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai - citta triguNAtmaka hai| vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM rahe, kriyA anavarata calatI rahatI hai| kriyAoM ke dvArA jo parivartana citta meM hotA hai, vahI pariNAma hai|' pariNamana kI sImA pariNamana meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma,yadRcchA aura purUSArtha Adi aneka tattvoM kA yogadAna rahatA hai| dravya ke svarUpa, usake upAdAna tathA nimittamUlaka kAryakAraNa vyavasthA para dhyAna deM to vizva meM kucha bAteM niyata haiM, unakA atikramaNa saMbhava nhiiN| jaise 280 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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1. vizva meM jitane sat haiM utane hI rhegeN| na koI nayA utpanna hotA hai aura na kisI kA Atyantika vinaash| 2. koI bhI dravya parivartana ke niyama kA atikramaNa nahIM kara sktaa| 3. kisI bhI dravya kA dravyAntara meM pariNamana nahIM hotaa| jaise - cetana acetana meM aura acetana cetana meM pariNata nahIM ho sktaa| 4. pudgala paramANu do yA do se adhika saMyukta hokara skaMdha kI racanA karate haiN| 5. sAmagrI ke anurUpa hI dravya kI pariNati nizcita hai| vijJAna meM pariNamana kA siddhAMta isa saMdarbha meM prasiddha vicAraka karnala iMgara sola kA abhimata mananIya hai| unhoMne apanI pustaka 'svataMtra cintana' meM padArtha ke saMdarbha meM eka siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA hai unake anusAra padArtha ke cAra AdhArastaMbha haiM- 6 1. padArtha kA svarUpa kabhI naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| 2. gati aura zakti kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| 3. padArtha aura gati pathaka nahIM hai| binA gati ke padArtha kA astitva nahIM aura padArtha ke abhAva meM gati nahIM hai| 4. jisakA nAza nahIM, vaha kabhI paidA nahIM huA aura na hogaa| jo avinAzI hai, vaha anutpanna hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki padArtha aura gati ke sAhacarya meM kahIM bhI saMdeha kA avakAza nahIM hai| mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne apanI pustaka 'vaijJAnika bhautikavAda' meM bhautikavAda ke Adhunikatama svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai - 'jagata kA pratyeka parivartana jina sIr3hiyoM se gujaratA hai, una sIr3hiyoM ko vaijJAnika bhautikavAda meM tripuTI kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| vaha tripuTI hai- 1.virodhI samAgama, 2. guNAtmaka parivartana, 3.pratiSedha kA prtissedh| vastu ke garbha meM aneka virodhI zaktiyAM hai| isase parivartana ke liye sabase adhika Avazyaka gati paidA hotI hai| phira 'hIgela kI dvaMdavAdI prakriyA ke bAda aura prativAda ke saMgharSa se naye guNa kA AvirbhAva yahI guNAtmaka parivartana hai| dvaMdvAtmaka kI tIna avasthAeM hai - vAda (Thesis), prativAda (Antithesis), saMvAda (Sinthesis) / kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 281

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bhAratIya darzana ke vAda, prativAda evaM saMvAda ke pariNAma haiM - sthiti, parivartana aura prtiphln| pratyeka vastu kI apanI sattA hai| usakI eka pratiSedhAtmaka athavA parivartanAtmaka sthiti AtI hai, tabhI vaha parivartana ke daura se gujaratI hai| jaise; dUdha eka sthityAtmaka sattA hai| usakA pratiSedhAtmaka parivartana hotA hai aura parivartanajanya dadhi rUpa hai| bhautikavAda ke ukta mUla siddhAMta kA phalita hai1. vizva ananta svataMtra maulika padArthoM kA samudAya hai| 2. maulika padArtha virodhI zaktiyoM kA samAgama hai, jisase unameM svabhAvataH gati yA parivartana hotA rahatA hai| 3. vizva kI saMracanA, yojanA aura vyavasthA usake apane nijI svabhAva ke kAraNa hai| kisI ke niyaMtraNa se nhiiN| 4. kisI sat kA na vinAza hotA hai, na asat kA utpaad| 5. jagata kA pratyeka aNu-paramANu pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai| parivartana parimANAtmaka aura guNAtmaka ubhaya rUpa hai| 6. jagata kA parivartana - cakra zAzvata hai| bhautikavAdiyoM kA yaha pratipAdana, vastu sthiti kA citraNa hai| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra vastu meM svabhAva se do virodhI zaktiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| inase padArtha ko gati milatI hai| isa prakAra bhautikavAdiyoM kI vicAradhArA jaina darzana ke pariNAmI nityavAda kI avadhAraNA ke kAphI nikaTa hai| unhoMne bhI dravya kI avicchinna dhArA ke rUpa meM dhrauvyatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kArya -kAraNa pravAha ke anAdi - ananta hone meM bhI unheM Apatti nahIM hai| jina virodhI zaktiyoM ke samavAya kI carcA dvaMdvavAda ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, vaha dravya meM avasthiti usakA nijI svabhAva haiN| utpAda - vyaya donoM zaktiyAM vastu svabhAva meM sahabhAvI banakara kAma kara rahI hai| syAdvAda ke anusAra aisI koI sthiti nahIM hotI, jisake sAtha utpAda - vyaya kI avicchinna dhArA na ho| pratyeka dravya ubhaya-svabhAvI hai| astitva jaise dravya kA anivArya ghaTaka hai, vaise nAstitva bhI hai| donoM milakara hI usakI svataMtra sattA kI sthApanA karate haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka dravya kI saMcAlana vyavasthA usake svarUpa meM nihita hai| vijJAna ke anusAra aNu ke kendra meM proTona aura nyuTrona nAmaka kaNa tathA paridhi 282 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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meM ilekTrona haiN| ye sAre kaNa bAhya nimittoM ko pAkara pariNata hote rahate haiN| isa parivartana ke alAvA kucha svAbhAvika pariNamana bhI hotA hai| isase aNu anya gyAraha rUpAntaraNoM se gujarakara puna: apane svarUpa meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| ina sArI prakriyAoM meM atyalpa samaya lagatA hai| vijJAna ne use 'kaNa sekeNDa kI saMjJA dI hai| eka sekeNDa kA hajAra mahAzaMkhavAM bhAga 'kaNa sekeNDa kahalAtA hai| mahAzaMkha kI saMkhyA 1 para 20 zUnya lagAne se banatI hai| vahAM hajAra mahAzaMkha meM 1 para 23 zUnya lagAnA hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie| mahAzaMkha - 100,000,000,000,000,000,000, hajAra mahAzaMkha - 100, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000, ukta vivecanA se jJAta hotA hai kitane kama samaya meM proTona yA nyuTrona gyAraha bAra pariNamana kara puna: sva svarUpa meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| ise arthaparyAya yA sUkSma kriyA ke saMdarbha meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| arthaparyAya kI avadhi mAtra 'eka samaya' hai jo AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga mAtra hai| pariNamana kA tAratamya pariNamana bhI aneka staroM para hotA hai| vargIkRta rUpa meM usake chaha prakAra haiManaMtabhAga hIna anaMtabhAga adhika asaMkhyAtabhAga hIna asaMkhyAtabhAga adhika saMkhyAtabhAga hIna saMkhyAtabhAga adhika saMkhyAtaguNa hIna saMkhyAtaguNa adhika asaMkhyAtaguNa hIna asaMkhyAtaguNa adhika anaMtaguNa hIna anaMtaguNa adhika isa 'SaDguNahAni-vRddhi' kI prakriyA se nikala kara agurUlaghu guNa ke kAraNa pratyeka dravya apane svarUpa ko surakSita rakhatA hai| kabhI paryAya kA pariNamana itanA tIvra hotA hai ki dravya kI pahacAna bhI kaThina hotI hai, kabhI paryAya kA pariNamana itanA maMda gati se hotA hai ki patA hI nahIM calatA-padArtha badalA yA nhiiN| jo pariNamana anAdi hai| kabhI vilakSaNatA yA visadRzatA isameM parilakSita nahIM bhI hotI use pariNamana kahane kA kAraNa sat kA trayAtmaka lakSaNa hai| sat kI aparihArya maryAdA kA atikramaNa koI bhI dravya kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 283

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kaise kara sakatA hai| anantakAla ke pratyeka kSaNa meM apane astitva ko banAye rakhane ke liye pratyeka padArtha ko pariNamana kI prakriyA se gujaranA Avazyaka hai| pariNamana se gujarane para yaha anivArya nahIM hai ki usameM visadRzatA aaye| sadRza pariNamana bhI pariNamana hI hai| pAzcAtya ciMtana meM pariNamana kA siddhAMta saSTi ke vikAsa meM empIDoklIja ne cakrIya pratyAvartana kA siddhAMta mAnA hai| prema aura ghRNA, saMvAda aura vigraha isa prakAra paraspara virodhI zaktiyAM dravyoM ke mizraNa aura pRthakkaraNa se saMsAra kI vividha vastuoM kI sRSTi karatI haiN| mUla rUpa se ye zaktiyAM bhautika haiN| sabhI AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa inhIM kI dena haiN| isa prakriyA kA kahIM aMta nhiiN| empIDoklIja kI taraha pAithogorasa ne padArtha mAtra ko dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| nimnokta vibhAjana se spaSTa hotA hai ki virodhI zaktiyAM hI sRSTi saMracanA meM hetubhUta hai| vibhAjana isa prakAra hai1. sImita (Limited) asImita (Unlimited) 2. viSama (Odd) sama (Even) 3. eka (One) aneka (Many) 4. dakSiNa (Right) vAma (Lift) 5. puliMga (Masculine) strIliMga (Feminine) 6. sthiratA (Rest) gati (Motion) 7. Rju (Limited) vakra (Crooked) 8. prakAza (Light) aMdhakAra (Darkness) 9. zubha (Good) azubha (Evil) 10. varga (Square) fays (Oblong) pAzcAtya jagat meM enegjAgorasa kA siddhAMta rahA na to kucha AtA hai, na kucha jAtA hai| 'vastu kA koI bhI guNa anya guNa meM saMkrAMta nahIM hotaa| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki enegjAgorasa parivartana ke pakSadhara nahIM the| vastutaH ye nirapekSa sthAyitva aura nirapekSa parivartana- donoM ke virUddha the| sApekSa parivartana unheM mAnya thaa| empIDoklIja ke samAna unhoMne bhI kahA ki mUla dravyoM meM rUpAntaraNa nahIM hotaa| unake mizraNa aura pRthakkaraNa se asaMkhya vastuoM kA utpAdana saMbhava hai| 284 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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jAgorasa ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, agni, aura vAyu, svayaM bhI mUla tattva na hokara mUla dravyoM ke mizraNa se nirmita tattva haiN| d yUnAna ke dArzanika herAklAiTsa ke vicAroM meM saba kucha pravAha mAtra hai| jala meM lahareM samAna pratIta hone para bhI pratikSaNa pUrva laharoM kA tirobhAva aura naI laharoM kA AvirbhAva ho rahA hai| pratyeka vastu usa kSaNa meM hai bhI aura nahIM bhI / lAibnIja ke abhimata se dRzya-padArtha kA mUla paramANu hai| maulika kaNa samudita hokara padArtha kA nirmANa karate haiN| bAhya nimitta yA nizcita kAlAvadhi ke bAda eka padArtha dUsare padArtha meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| AiMsTIna ne paramANu meM pramukha rUpa se tIna tattva svIkAra kiye hai| paramANu gatizIla hote haiN| ve tattva hai - 1. gati, 2. kaMpana, 3. ullaas| AiMsTIna ke anusAra inakA sApekSa sambandha hI satya hai| 10 padArtha kI vividhatA aura pariNamana padArtha kI vividhatA kA kAraNa pariNamana kI vividhatA hai| padArtha kA svarUpa Thosa hai| bhautika vijJAna kI isa mAnyatA se kvATama siddhAMta sahamata nhiiN| usake anusAra brahmANDa meM vyApta choTe-choTe kaNa kabhI kaNa rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiM to kabhI Thosa rUpa meN| eka hI prakAra ke kaNa bhI sadA eka samAna vyavahAra nahIM krte| bhinna-bhinna samaya meM unakA bhinna-bhinna vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| isake alAvA kucha pariNamana sAMyogika hote haiN| svAbhAvika dazA meM jo guNadharma nahIM dikhAyeM dete haiM, ve saMyukta dazA meM prakaTa hote haiN| udAharaNArtha- bhAra eka aisA guNa hai jo pRthak-pRthak paramANuoM meM dikhAI nahIM detA kintu saMyukta dazA meM dikhAI detA hai| paramANu aura pudgala ke sUkSma skaMdha bhArahIna hote haiN| uhI paramANuoM tathA pudgala skaMdhoM kA jaba sthUla pariNamana hotA hai taba unameM bhAra kI avasthA utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra pariNamana kI vividhatA padArtha jagat kI vividhatA kA mUla kAraNa hai| pariNamana ke prakAra padArtha kA pariNamana svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika do prakAra kA hotA hai| svAbhAvika pariNamana kSaNavartI, avyakta aura sUkSma hotA hai| jala aura taraMga kI bhAMti padArtha aura svAbhAvika pariNamana pRthak nahIM hai| yaha sArvabhauma hai| vaibhAvika pariNamana kAdAcitka aura dIrghakAlika tathA alpakAlika donoM ho sakatA hai| mukta AtmAoM aura dharmAdi kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 285

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dravyoM meM sirpha svAbhAvika pariNamana hai| saMsArastha jIvoM tathA pudgaloM meM pariNamana ke donoM prakAra dekhe jA sakate hai| jIva aura pudgala ke pariNamana meM antara yaha hai ki jIva kA eka zuddha pariNamana hone para puna: azuddhatA nahIM AtI jabaki pudgala apanI zuddha dazA paramANu rUpa meM pahuMcakara bhI puna: azuddha (skandha) dazA meM cale jAte haiN| pudgala meM cayApacaya kI kriyA calatI rahatI hai| gati banAma kriyA ___AkAza pradezoM meM jIva aura pudgala kA gamana rUpa pariNAma gati kahalAtI hai| prakaMpana, dolana Adi gatikriyA ke udAharaNa haiN| kintu gati ke liye kriyA zabda kA vyavahAra bhI hotA hai| ___ gati kevala dezAntara rUpa meM hI nahIM rUpAntaraNa, kaMpana Adi rUpoM meM ho sakatI hai| bhagavatI meM paramANu kI gati ke prakAroM kA vizleSaNa hai| ejana, vyejana ye saba paramANu kI gati kI vividha avasthAeM hai| ejana se udIraNA gati kI sAta avasthAeM haiN| gautama- bhaMte ! kyA paramANu - pudgala ejana, vyejana, calana, spaMdana, prakaMpana, kSobha, udIraNA karatA hai| mahAvIra- gautama ! paramANu kabhI ejana karatA hai, kabhI vyejana karatA hai, kabhI calAyamAna hotA hai, kabhI spaMdana karatA hai, kabhI kSubdha hotA hai, kabhI gati meM prerita hotA hai aadi| yaha zabdAvalI isa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki paramANu kI gati vividha AyAmI hai| yaha gati sarala-kampana, sarala sthAnAMtaraNa, jaTila-kampana, jaTila-sthAnAMtaraNa, dolana, prasAraNa, grahaNa, ghUrNana, gharSaNa, phirakana (Spin) tathA taraMga-prasAra Adi rUpoM meM ho sakatI hai| ye zabda anya aneka prakAra kI gati kI saMbhAvanA ke sUcaka haiN| pariNamana kI maryAdA Agama sAhitya meM kisI bhI pariNamana kI eka samaya aura adhikatama asaMkhyeya kAla nirdiSTa hai|12 nyUnatama evaM adhikatama kAla sImA ke bIca jitanA kAla hai, utane vikalpa ho sakate haiN| pariNamana tIna staroM para hotA hai -guNadharma, paryAya aura avsthaa| avasthAgata pariNamana kI apanI maryAdA hai| udAharaNArtha - skaMdha aura paramANu pravAha kI apekSA anAdi, aparyavasita hai| kintu avasthA vizeSa kI dRSTi se sAdi-saparyavasita bhI hai| paramANuoM se skaMdha, skaMdha se punaH paramANu dazA meM pahuMca jAtA hai| paramANu, paramANu aura skaMdha, skaMdha rUpa meM kama se kama eka samaya adhikatama asaMkhyAta kAla bhI raha 286 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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sakate haiN| isake pazcAt badalanA anivArya hai| yaha kAla sApekSa sthiti hai| yaha asaMkhyAta samaya se pUrva kisI bhI samaya badala sakatA hai kintu asaMkhyAta samaya pazcAt to nizcita hI badalanA hai| isI prakAra kisI kSetra meM avasthAna rUpa pariNamana kI bhI sImA hai| eka paramANu yA skaMdha jisa AkAza pradeza meM hai, kisI kAraNa se calita ho to punaH usI AkAza pradeza para Ane meM jaghanya eka samaya, utkRSTataH anantakAla bhI bIta jAtA hai| paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza meM rahate haiM, skaMdha ke liye yaha pratibaMdha nhiiN| ve eka, do, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM bhI raha sakate haiN| varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi pudgala ke guNa haiN| kAlA varNa eka guNa (Quality) hai, usakA pariNamana bhI ananta rUpoM meM ho sakatA hai| anaMta guNA kAlA paramANu eka guNA kAle raMga meM tathA eka guNA kAlA paramANu anaMtaguNa kAle raMga meM pariNata ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra varNa se varNAntara, gandha se gandhAntara, rasa se rasAntara, sparza se sparzAntara honA sammata hai| saMsArI jIvoM meM jo avasthAeM banatI hai, ve paryAya hai| ve paudgalika paryAyeM bhI vyavahAra se jIva kI paryAya mAnI jAtI hai| bhAratIya darzana meM sAMkhya Adi pariNAmavAdI haiN| nyAyadarzana ko yaha svIkArya nahIM hai| dharma aura dharmoM kA abheda jise mAnya hai, ve pariNAmavAdI darzana hai| pUrva paryAya kA vinAza, uttara paryAya kA utpAda hI pariNAmavAda hai|13 pariNamana pariNamana ke do prakAra haiM -1. jIva pariNAma 2. ajIva prinnaam| pariNamana ke AdhArabhUta dravya jIva aura ajIva do hI hone se anya sabhI prakAra ke pariNamana ina do vibhAgoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| jIva pariNamana ___jIva pariNAma ke dasa prakAra haiM- 1. gati, 2. indriya, 3. kaSAya, 4. lezyA, 5. yoga, 6. upayoga, 7. jJAna, 8. darzana, 9. cAritra, 10. ved| 1.gati pariNAma- gati kA artha jIva kA eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAnA haiN| mRtyu ke pazcAt cAra sthitiyAM saMbhava hai - naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura dev| ina rUpoM meM utpanna honA gati rUpa pariNamana hai| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 287

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2. indriya pariNAma- eka nizcita viSaya kA jJAna karane vAlI cetanA indriya kahalAtI hai| jJAna AtmA kA dharma hai isaliye AtmA aura jJAna do nahIM haiN| baddhAvasthA meM AtmA kA viSaya ke sAtha sIdhA samparka nahIM hone se jJAna-prApti meM kaThinAI hotI hai| usa samaya jJAna - prApti kA mAdhyama banatA hai- indriy| indriya rUpa pariNamana darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se prApta prApta hotA haiN| indriyAM pAMca haiM indriya zrotrendriya cakSurindriya ghrANendriya rasanendriya sparzanendriya 3.kaSAya pariNAma- kaSAya AtmA kI eka uttapta avasthA hai| yaha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM, vibhAva hai| jaba taka moha se mukti nahIM hotI hai taba taka krodhAdi rUpa meM pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| isI ko kaSAya pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| isake mukhya cAra prakAra haiM -krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhA 4.lezyA pariNAma-taijas zarIra ke sAtha kAma karane vAlI cetanA athavA bhAvadhArA aura mana kI pravRtti kA nAma yoga hai| yoga sthUla spaMdana hai, yaha vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayakSayopazama tathA nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| yoga rUpa pariNamana hI yoga pariNAma hai| 6. upayoga pariNAma- yaha jainoM kA paribhASika zabda hai| 'uvaogalakkhaNo jIvo kahakara bhagavatI Adi meM upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| jJAna aura darzana rUpa cetanA kA vyApAra hI upayoga hai| sAkAra-anAkAra (jJAna-darzana) upayoga rUpa pariNamana upayoga pariNAma hai| 7.jJAna pariNAma- jJAna kA artha hai- jaannaa| yaha jIva-ajIva kA vibhAjaka tattva hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM meM nyUnatama jJAna kI mAtrA avazya hotI hai| jJAna ke 5 bheda hai| matijJAnAdi rUpa pariNati jJAna pariNAma hai| ___8. darzana pariNAma- darzana arthAt tttvshrddhaa| samyak zraddhA rUpa pariNamana darzana pariNAma hai| 9.cAritra pariNAma- cAritra mohanIya karma ke vilaya se cAritra prApta hotA hai| mohanIya karma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyAM haiN| unameM anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya catuSka aura samyakatva 288 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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mohanIya, mizramohanIya tathA mithyAtva mohanIya kA sambandha samyaktva se hai| cAritra kA sambandha hai solaha kaSAya aura nokaSAya se| kaSAya-nokaSAya kA jitanA-jitanA kSayopazama, upazama aura kSaya hotA hai, cAritra kI ujjvalatA utanI hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| cAritra ke 5 prakAra haiM- 1. sAmAyika 2. chedopasthApanIya 3. parihAravizuddhi 4. sUkSmasaMparAya 5. yathAkhyAtA cAritra rUpa pariNati cAritra pariNAma hai| __10. veda pariNAma- yaha nokaSAya kA eka prakAra hai| veda arthAt vikaar| kAmavAsanA kA jAgRta honA veda kahalAtA hai| veda kA astitva nauveM guNasthAna taka hai| strIveda, purUSa veda aura napuMsaka vedA strI kI purUSAbhilASA, purUSa kI strI sambandhI abhilASA aura napuMsaka kI ubhayamukhI abhilASA veda hai| jIvoM kA veda rUpa pariNamana veda pariNAma hai| ajIva pariNamana pariNamana jIva-ajIva donoM meM ghaTita hotA hai| jIva kI taraha ajIva pariNamana ke bhI dasa prakAra haiM- baMdha, gati, saMsthAna, bheda, sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa, aguru; laghu, shbd| (1) baMdha- baMdha-zleSa bhI pudgala kA pariNamana hai| 'saMzleSa: baMdhaH' arthAt baMdha kA artha saMzleSa, milanA hai| avayavoM kA avayavI ke rUpa meM pariNata honA hI baMdha hai|14 saMyoga aura baMdha meM antara hai| saMyoga meM kevala antara rahita avasthiti hotI hai baMdha meM ekatva hotA hai| bandha meM padArtha kA snigdhatva evaM rUkSatvaguNa nimitta banatA hai|15 ina guNoM kI jaghanya mAtrA se baMdha nahIM hotaa|16 baMdha ke do prakAra haiM- svAbhAvika evaM prAyogikA svabhAvika baMdha bhI do prakAra kA hai - sAdi evaM anaadi|18 anAdibaMdha- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya evaM AkAzAstikAya ke pradezoM kA paraspara sambandha anAdikAlIna hai|19 ye tInoM astikAya vyApaka haiN| pratyeka apane sthAna para avasthita haiN| unakA saMkoca-vistAra nahIM hotaa| inake pradezoM kA paraspara dezabaMdha hai, sarvabaMdha nhiiN| 20 sAdibaMdha-sAdi visrasA baMdha ke tIna prakAra haiM -1 baMdhana pratyayika, 2. bhAjana pratyayika 3. pariNAma prtyyik| baMdhana pratyayika- yaha skaMdha nirmANa kA siddhAMta hai| do paramANu milakara dvipradezI skaMdha, tIna paramANu milakara tripradezI yAvat ananta paramANu milakara ananta kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 289

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pradezI skaMdha kI racanA karate haiN| isa baMdhana ke pIche tIna hetuoM kA ullekha hai1. vimAtra sigdhatA 2. vimAtra rUkSatA 3.vimAtra nigdh-ruuksstaa| prathama do hetu sadRza baMdha ke niyama ko sUcita karate haiN| tIsarA visadRza baMdha kA prata ka hai| bhagavatI meM likhA hai sama niddhayAe baMdho na hoi, samalukkhayAe vi na ho|| vemAyaniddha lukkhattaNeNaM baMdho u khNdhaannN||20(kh) prajJApanA meM visadRza aura sadRza- donoM prakAra ke baMdhanoM kA nirdeza hai|21 snigdha rUkSa guNoM meM do mAtrA kA antara hone para unameM baMdha avazyaMbhAvI hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai- 'dvayAdhikAdiguNAnAntu22 'guNasAmye sadRzAnAm23 jina paramANuoM yA skaMdhoM meM nigdha yA rUkSa guNa samAna mAtrA meM hote haiM unameM baMdha saMbhava nahIM haiN| snigdha-rUkSa paramANuoM ke baMdha prakriyA yaha hai-snigdha Adi paramANu kA baMdha rUkSa paramANuoM ke sAtha jaghanya mAtrA ko chor3akara hotA hai| jaghanya kA artha ekamAtrA hai| jaghanya mAtrA vAle isa prakAra rUkSa aura nigdha paramANu ko chor3akara, do mAtrA nigdha paramANu kA do mAtrA vAle rUkSa ke sAtha baMdha hotA hai| virodhI svabhAva vAle paramANu skaMdha, jinameM do yA usase adhika snigdhatA yA rUkSatA hotI hai, unameM bandha saMbhava hai| nigdha-rUkSa guNa ko vijJAna kI bhASA meM ghana vidyut aura RNa vidyut kahA jA sakatA hai| proTona kA kvArka snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura bhArI RNANu rUkSa ke sAtha rUkSa ke baMdhana kI puSTi karatA haiN| isa prakAra bandha ke hetubhUta do guNa haiM - snigdhatA aura ruuksstaa| guNoM kI ina mAtrA meM taratamatA hone para paramANu aura skaMdhoM ke ananta-ananta prakAra ho jAte haiN| baMdha kI prakriyA meM sigdha yA rUkSa meM jo guNa adhika mAtrA meM hogaa| nayA skaMdha usI guNa meM pariNata ho jaaegaa| jaise eka skaMdha meM 21 mAtrA snigdha guNa kI hai aura dUsare skaMdha meM 19 mAtrA rUkSa guNa kI hai to donoM kA saMyoga hone para nayA skaMdha snigdha guNa yukta hogaa| svataMtra paramANuoM meM guNa evaM guNoM kI mAtrA meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| usI prakAra skaMdhoM meM guNa evaM guNoM kI mAtrA meM bhI parivartana saMbhava hai| ina sAre parivartanoM ke pariNAma svarUpa pudgala jagata meM paryAyoM kA akalpita rUpAntaraNa nizcita hai| vijJAna ke anusAra bhI yadi kisI paramANu meM se RNANu (ilekTrona) nikAla diyA jAye to vaha ghana vidyuta Avezita aura eka RNANu jor3a diyA jAye to vaha RNa vidyuta Avezita ho jAtA hai| jaina tatvajJa yahI kahate hai, rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha, nigdha kA nidhi ke sAtha, do se lekara ananta guNAMzoM kI taratamatA se baMdha hotA hai| prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana aura bhagavatI jor3a ke anusAra bandha kI zarte nimnalikhita cArTa se samajhI jA sakatI haiM 290 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kramAMka guNAMza 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. jaghanya + jaghanya jaghanya +ekAdhika jaghanya + dvayAdhika 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. jaghanya +tryAdhika jaghanyetara + samajaghanyetara jaghanyetara + ekAdhikatara jaghanyetara + dvayadhikatara jaghanyetara + tryAdi adhikatara tatvArtha sUtra ke AdhAra para baMdha kI zarte nimnAnusAra haiM kramAMka guNAMza jaghanya + jaghanya jaghanya + ekAdhika jaghanyetara + samajaghanyetara sadRza nahIM nahIM jaghanyetara + ekAdhika jaghanyetara jaghanyetara + dvayadhika jaghanyetara jaghanyetara + tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara sadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM hai nahIM visadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM visadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM bhAjana- pratyanika bhAjana kA artha hai- AdhAra | 24 kisI bhAjana meM rakhI huI vastu kA svarUpa dIrgha kAla meM badala jAtA hai, use bhAjana pratyayika baMdha kahate haiN| jaise lambe samaya se rakhI huI purAnI madirA apane tarala rUpa ko chor3a gAr3hI bana jAtI hai| purAnA gur3a, purAne taMdula bhI piNDIbhUta ho jAte haiN| 25 pariNAma pratyayika baMdha pariNAma kA artha hai - rUpAntaraNa / paramANu skaMdhoM kA bAdala Adi aneka rUpoM meM pariNamana hotA hai, vaha pariNAma pratyayika baMdha hai| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 291

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ye tInoM baMdha paudgalika haiN| inameM baMdha pratyayika pramukha hai| tattvArtha bhASya vRtti meM visasA baMdha ko sAdi evaM anAdi ubhayarUpa mAnA hai| anAdi visrasA baMdha meM dharma, adharma, AkAza kA ullekha hai|26 sAdi pariNamana meM kArya-kAraNa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| sAdi visrasA pariNamana kA kAlamAna bhinna-bhinna hai bandha jaghanya utkRSTa / 1. baMdhana pratyayika eka samaya asaMkhyakAla 2. bhAjana pratyayika antarmuhUrta saMkhyeyakAla 3. pariNAma pratyayika eka samaya chaha mAsa pudgala dravya sakriya hai| sakriyatA meM saMyukta-viyukta kI kriyA svAbhAvika hai| kisI bhI kriyA se naI utpatti nahIM, kevala padArtha kA rUpAntaraNa mAtra hotA hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI padArtha kI maulikatA kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI, kevala rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| jaise - momabattI ko jalAne para kucha kArbana usake nIce maulika rUpa meM ekatrita ho jAtA hai| kucha vASpa rUpa meM badala kara havA meM calA jAtA hai| yadi kAMca kA pAtra usa para rakha diyA to vASpa meM parivartita kArbana punaH prApta ho jAtA hai| (2) gati- gamana rUpa pariNamana gati pariNAma hai| vaha do prakAra kA hai-spRzad gati pariNAma aura aspRzad gati prinnaam| spRzad gati-bIca meM Ane vAlI dUsarI vastuoM kA sparza karate hue jo gati hotI hai, use spRzad gati kahalAte hai| jaise - jala para prayatnapUrvaka tirachI phaikI huI vastu bIca-bIca meM jala kA sparza karatI huI gati karatI hai, yaha usa vastu kI spRzad gati pariNAma hai| ___ aspRzad gati- AkAza pradezoM kA sparza na karate hue gati kA honA aspRzad gati pariNAma hai| jaise- mukta jIvoM kI yA paramANuM kI tIvratama gti| prakArAntara se gati ke anya do bheda bhI haiM- dIrghagati pariNAma aura hrasvagati prinnaam| ati dUravartI deza kI prApti kA kAraNabhUta jo pariNAma hai, vaha dIrgha gati aura nikaTavartI deza kI prApti kA kAraNabhUta jo pariNAma hai, vaha hrasvagati pariNAma hai| (3) saMsthAna- AkRti : sNsthaanm| saMsthAna kA artha AkRti hai| paudgalika racanA vizeSa ko saMsthAna kahate haiN| yaha bhI pudgaloM kA AkAra vizeSa meM pariNamana hai| 292 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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saMsthAna ke ananta bheda ho sakate haiN| saMkSipta meM isake do prakAra haiM- itthaM saMsthAna, anitthaM sNsthaan| itthaM saMsthAna- itthaM arthAt jisakA nizcita AkAra hai, vaha itthaM saMsthAna hai| usake mukhya pAMca prakAra hai jinheM nimnAMkita citra meM darzAyA gayA hai trikoNa saMsthAna parimaNDala saMsthAna catuSkoNa saMsthAna catuSkoNa saMsthAna saMsthAna Ayata saMsthAna Ayata saMsthAna anitthaM saMsthAna- jisakA koI nizcita AkAra nhiiN| use anagar3ha AkAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai|28 jIvoM ke saMdarbha meM bhI saMsthAna kI carcA milatI hai| vahAM saMsthAna kA artha asthi-racanA vizeSa hai| usake cha: prakAra haiN| samacaturasra, nyagrodha, sAdi, vAmana, kubja aura huNDakA (4) bheda- 'vizleSaH bhedaH' bheda kA artha hai- vizleSA skaMdha kA aneka skaMdhoM meM athavA paramANuoM meM vibhakta ho jAnA bheda hai / yaha vighaTana vainasika aura prAyogika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| svAbhAvika vighaTana vainasika hai| vijJAna jagat meM reDiyo dharmI tattvoM meM se vikiraNa kA utsarjana bhI vainasika bheda kA udAharaNa haiN| vAyu, varSA, jala-pravAha Adi naisargika paribaloM dvArA hone vAlA vighaTana bhI isa koTi meM samAviSTa hai| prayatna se kisI vastu yA skandha kA vibhAjana prAyogika hai| nimitta kI vividhatAoM ke kAraNa bheda ke pAMca prakAra kiye gaye haiM30 tattvArtha sUtra kI TIkA 'sarvArtha siddhi' meM bheda ke chaH prakAra bhI milate haiM(1) utkara- TUTa-TUTa kara UMcA uThe, vaha utkara kahalAtA hai| jaise mUMga kI phalI kA ttuuttnaa| (2) cUrNa- TUTane para cUrNa ho jAnA cUrNa kahalAtA hai| jaise gehUM Adi kA aattaa| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 293

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(3) khaNDa-tor3ane se choTe- choTe TukaDe honA, khaNDa kahalAtA hai| jaise patthara, lohe Adi ke ttukdd'e| (4) pratara -parata dara parata utarane ko pratara kahA jAtA hai, jaise abhraka ke dl| (5) anutaTikA-TUTane ke sAtha vastu meM darAra kA par3a jAnA anutaTikA hai, ___ jaise tAlAba kI draareN| skaMdha kI prakriyA 'bhedasaMghAtebhyaH' aura 'bhedAdaNuH'31 sUtroM se spaSTa hai ki skaMdhoM kI utpatti kabhI bheda se, kabhI saMghAta se aura kabhI bheda-saMghAta donoM se hotI hai| kucha paramANuoM kA eka skaMdha se pRthak honA bheda hai| do skaMdhoM yA paramANuoM kA saMyoga saMghAta hai| ina donoM prakriyAoM kA eka sAtha honA bheda-saMghAta hai| do paramANu pudgala ke saMyoga se dvipradezI skaMdha banatA hai aura dvipradezI skaMdha pRthak hokara do paramANu bana jAte haiN| tIna paramANu kA saMyoga tripradezI skaMdha hone para usake do vikalpa banate hai- alaga-alaga tIna paramANu athavA eka paramANu aura dvipradezI skNdh| isI prakAra cAra paramANu ke milane se catuHpradezI skaMdha banatA hai, usake vibhAjana ke cAra vikalpa haiM- eka paramANu aura tripradezI skaMdhA do dvipradezI skaMdhA do pRthak-pRthak paramANu aura eka dvipradezI skndh| cAroM pRthak - pRthak prmaannu| (5) sparza- sparza bhautika padArthoM kA anivArya guNa hai| sparza ke ATha prakAra haiM- zIta-uSNa, snigdha-rUkSa, guru-laghu aura mRdu-karkazA32 snigdha aura rUkSa tathA zIta aura uSNa guNoM kI mAtrA meM tAratamya hone para zeSa cAra sparzoM kI utpatti hotI hai| zIta-uSNa-vijJAna kI bhASA meM ye tApamAna ke vAcaka haiN| tApamAna padArthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| padArthoM kA Thosa, drava yA gaisa rUpa dhAraNa karanA tApamAna para nirbhara hai| tApamAna zUnya DigrI se karor3o DigrI upara tathA kaI DigrI nIce taka pAyA jAtA hai| nigdha-rUkSa-snigdha aura rUkSa ye do saMyojaka zaktiyAM haiN| Adhunika vijJAna kI bhASA meM ghana Aveza aura RNa Aveza kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| ghana (+) aura RNa (-) vidyut zakti paramANu se lekara sthUla dravya meM sarvatra vidyamAna hai| vaijJAnika abhimata se brahmANDa meM pratyeka kaNa dUsare kaNoM ko AkarSita karate rahate haiM, ise gurutvAkarSaNa kahA 294 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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hai| cumbakatva kisI bhI aNu kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| aNu-paramANu meM yaha cumbakI zakti usake bhItara vidyuta Avezita kaNoM kI gati ke kAraNa hai| gurU- laMghu - gurU- laghu bhAra aura bhArahInatA ke sUcaka guNa haiN| vijJAna meM halkepana-bhArIpana ko dravyamAna kahate haiN| sthUla padArthoM meM bhAra yA saMhati hotI hai| kucha aise padArtha bhI hai jinameM bhAra nahIM hotaa| pArA, sonA bhArI dravya haiN| jabaki oNksIjana, hAIDrojana jaisI gaiseM havA se bhI halkI haiN| lIthiyama dhAtu sabhI Thosa padArthoM meM adhika halkI mAnI jAtI hai| jahAM eka ghana phuTa almuniyama kA bhAra 169 pauMDa hai, vahAM eka ghana phuTa lIthiyama ko bhAra kevala 33 pauMDa hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI isa tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki sthUla se sUkSma kI aura prasthita paramANu ke choTe-choTe kaNa bhAra Adi guNoM se rahita ho jAte haiN| jaise - proTona, nyUTraoNna aadi| yahAM lagatA hai jaina darzana aura vijJAna zabda bheda se eka hI tathya kA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiN| samAsIkaraNa aura vyAyatIkaraNa bhI usakI maulika vizeSatA hai| saMkoca - vistAra guNa ke kAraNa hI kabhI -kabhI thor3e se paramANu vistRta AkAza khaNDa ko ghera lete haiM to kabhI ve hI paramANu ghanIbhUta hokara bahuta choTe se AkAza pradeza meM samA jAte haiN| yaha kramazaH unakA vyAyatIkaraNa aura samAsIkaraNa hai| asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle loka meM anantAnaMta pudgala paramANu rahe haiM? sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa ye paramANu skaMdha nirvirodha raha sakate haiN| mRdu-karkaza komalatA aura kaThoratA bhI pudgala ke pariNamana haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne paramANuoM kI sUkSma pariNati ko mAnyatA dI hai| unake anusAra pRthvI ke paramANu yadi saghanatA dhAraNa kare to ve bacce ke khelane vAlI choTI sI geMda ke samAna bana jaaye| sabase choTe tAre ke eka kyubika iMca meM 16740 mana bhAra AMkA gyaa| vaha ghanIbhUta hokara choTe se AkAza deza meM samA sakatA hai| paramANu ati sUkSma hai| isa saMdarbha meM aneka saMvAdI tathya sAmane Aye haiM, jaisebAlu ke choTe se kaNa meM dasa padma se adhika paramANu haiN| eka pina ke sire meM 55,000,000,000,000,000,000 paramANu samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| soDAvATara ko gilAsa meM DAlane para jo choTI-choTI bUMdeM nikalatI hai unameM se eka bUMda ke paramANu ko ginane ke liye saMsAra ke tIna araba vyaktiyoM ko biThAyA jAye aura ve prati miniTa 300 kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 295

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kI raphtAra se anavarata gaNanA kare to usa bUMda ke samasta paramANuoM kI saMkhyA ko samApta karane meM 4 mahIne laga sakate haiN| 33 vijJAna ke navIna anveSaNoM se hAiDrojana ke paramANu kI racanA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usakA vyAsa 1 / 200,000,000 iMca arthAt 1 iMca kA karoDavA aMza hai| usakA samUcA bhAra 164/100,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,0 grAma haiN| hAiDrojana paramANu ke RNANu aura dhanANu kA svarUpa bhI isI prakAra hai - RNANu (ilekTrona) vyAs 1 / 500,000,000,000,0 iMca arthAt iMca kA 50 kharaba vAM bhAga hai| bhAra - hAIDrojana paramANu kA 1/2000 vAM / dhanANu kA vyAsa-lagabhaga RNANu se dasa gunA adhika bhAra 1/64100, 000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,0 grAma hai| 34 - rasa pudgala kA rasa pariNamana pAMca prakAra kA hai - tikta, kaTu, kaSAya, amla aura 35 jIbha para karIba 9 hajAra svAda kalikAeM hotI hai| avasthA bar3hane ke sAtha unakI saMkhyA kama ho jAtI hai| muMha meM vastu rakhate hI sabhI kalikAeM eka sAtha prabhAvita nahIM hotii| unakI apanI alaga vyavasthA hai| mIThe kA anubhava jIbha ke agrabhAga para sthita kalikAoM se hotA hai| kar3ave kA pichale bhAga se| khaTTe kA anubhava jIbha ke donoM pAzvarvartI kalikAoM se anubhava hotA hai| namakIna kA svAda sabhI kalikAoM se sambandhita hai| svAda kI prakriyA bar3I jaTila hai| ina saMvedanAoM kA koI nizcita niyama nhiiN| kabhI-kabhI unameM parivartana bhI dekhA jAtA hai| eka sthAna se aneka evaM aneka sthAnoM se eka svAda kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne isa tathya ko mAnya kiyA hai ki indriya-viSayoM kA paraspara gaharA sambandha hai| svAda bhI isakA apavAda nhiiN| svAda meM dhvani, tApa, rUpa, raMga, gaMdha, sparza Adi ke saMvedana kA pUrA yoga hai| paripArzva meM tIvra kolAhala, rone- cIkhane kI AvAja yA adhika zora kI AvAja ho to svAda meM antara A jAtA hai| vizva meM asaMkhya prakAra rasa haiN| jaina darzana meM mUla rasoM ke rUpa meM pAMca ko mAnyatA dekara asaMkhya prakAroM kA pAMca meM samAveza kiyA gayA haiN| gaMdha jaina darzana meM gaMdha ko varNa ke samAna hI pudgala kA pariNamana mAnA hai| varNa kI taraha gaMdha kA bhI rUpAntaraNa saMbhava hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM kolatAra jaisI vastu se sugaMdha ke ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 296

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ghaTaka prApta kara unheM vAJchita rUpa se mizrita karake aneka uccastarIya sugaMdha banAne meM saphalatA prApta kI gaI hai| pratyeka paudgalika padArtha meM gaMdha avazya pAI jAtI hai| pRthvI, jala, havA, vanaspati Adi meM bhI gaMdha pAI jAtI hai| agni kI gaMdha nAsikA dvArA bhale grAhya na ho kintu gaMdha vAhaka yaMtra kA AviSkAra huA hai jo gaMdha ko lakSya bhI karatA hai aura preSita bhii| yaha yaMtra nAsikA kI apekSA adhika saMvedanazIla hai| varNa varNa bhI padArtha kA guNa haiN| varNa pAMca haiM - kRSNa, nIla, rakta, pIta, zvetA vaijJAnikoM ne inheM prayogoM se siddha kiyA hai ki kisI padArtha ko garma karane se usakA tApamAna bar3hatA jAtA hai| sabase prathama vaha vastu tApa vikiraNa karatI hai to 500 taka isakA rUpa nahIM hotA isaliye vaha kAlI hI dikhAI detI hai| usake bAda kucha parivartana hotA hai 700 para lAla,12000 para pIlA aura 1500 para sapheda raMga kI bana jAtI hai| adhika tApamAna se anta meM nIlA raMga prApta hotA hai| tAtparya kI bhASA meM pAMcoM varNa aise prAkRtika varNa hai jo kisI bhI pudgala se vibhinna tApamAnoM para ArvibhUta ho sakate haiN| isaliye inheM pudgala kA mUla guNa mAnA gayA hai| 1859 meM vaijJAnika kiracoya ne varNakrama (spekTrama) ke vizleSaNa kI khoja kii| zodha kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki kisI padArtha se nikalane vAlA yA usake dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAnevAlA varNakrama usa padArtha kI prakRti para nirbhara karatA hai|36 jaina darzana ke anusAra varNa ke ananta bheda-prabheda haiN| eka varNa meM bhI nyunAdhikatA ke AdhAra para aneka prakAra ho jAte haiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne dasa lAkha varNa khoje haiM tathA sauravarNa paTala ke varSoM kA taraMga pramANoM kI vibhinna avasthitiyoM kI dRSTi se ciMtana kareM to taraMgeM ananta haiM aura varNa bhI ananta haiN| kyoMki yadi prakAza taraMga pramANa meM dUsarI prakAza taraMga se anantaveM bhAga hInAdhika ho to ve do asamAna varNoM kI dyotaka hogii| isa prakAza vargoM kI saMkhyA ananta ho jAtI hai| jitane paryAya utane varNI zabda eka skaMdha ke sAtha dUsare skaMdha ke TakarAne yA skandha ke TUTane se utpanna dhvani rUpa pariNAma zabda hai|37 udAharaNArtha kamare yA khir3akI ke daravAje baMda karate hai to AvAja hotI hai| do kapAToM kA paraspara saMghAta hotA hai| isI prakAra daravAje eka dUsare se alaga hote hai, taba bhI AvAja hotI hai| jaba bhI do vastuoM kA saMghAta yA bheda hotA hai, zabda kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 297

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(2) (3) yA dhvani avazya hotI hai| vaizeSika zabda ko pudgala kI paryAya nahIM maante| ve ise AkAza dravya kA guNa mAnate haiN| isase viparIta sAMkhya darzana zabda-tanmAtra se AkAza kI utpatti mAnatA hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ina donoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| usakA mantavya hai ki zabda paudgalika hai| vaha indriya kA viSaya banatA hai| apaudgalika AkAza paudgalika zabda ko paidA nahIM kara sakatA aura na paudgalika zabda apaudgalika AkAza kA guNa ho sakatA hai| zabda pudgala hai yaha vijJAna sammata hai| isake alAvA nimnokta AdhAroM para bhI zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnanA yukti saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| (1) AkAza amUrta hai, zabda mUrtI amUrtika dravya kA guNa amUrta hI hogA, mUrta nhiiN| zabda TakarAtA hai| pratidhvani hotI hai| vaha amUrta AkAza kA guNa ho to na TakarAyegA, na pratidhvani hI hogii| zabda ko rokA aura bAMdhA jA sakatA hai| AkAza kA guNa mAnane se rokane aura bAMdhane kI bAta yukti saMgata pratIta nahIM hotI hai| zabda gatimAna hai, AkAza niSkriya hai| isa dRSTi se bhI AkAza ke guNa hone kI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI zabda aise AkAza meM gamana nahIM kara sakatA, jahAM kisI prakAra kA pudgala na ho| yadi zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA to vaha AkAza ke hara kone meM gamana kara sakatA kyoMki guNa apane guNI ke pratyeka aMza meM vyApta rahatA hai|38 ___ jaina Agama sAhitya meM zabda paudgalika kahane ke sAtha usakI utpatti, zIghragati, loka-vyApitva, sthAyitva Adi vibhinna pahaluoM para bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ucca zravaNottara dhvani 50 hajAra se adhika gati vAlI dhvani hAI alTrA sonika mAnI jAtI hai| laghu zravaNottara dhvani manuSya prati saikinDa 2000 se kama aura 20 hajAra se adhika cakra vAlI dhvani ko suna nahIM sktaa| zabda nAnA skaMdhoM ke saMgharSa se utpanna hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai dhvani kA svarUpa kaMpana yukta hotA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai-It is a common experience 298 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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that a source of sound is in a state of vibration for example the strings of a piano and the air in an organ pipe are all in a state of vibration when they are producting sound.40 isa prakAra vijJAna ke anusAra zabda taraMgAtmaka hai| zabda ke prakAra jaina darzana meM zabda ke tIna prakAra haiM - jIvazabda, ajIvazabda aura mishrshbd| jIva ke prayatna se utpanna hone vAlA zabda jIva zabda hai, jaise- manuSya kA shbd| jar3a padArthoM se nikalane vAlA zabda ajIva hai, jaise - TUTatI huI lakar3I kA shbd| jisa zabda kI utpatti jIva ke prayatna ke sAtha yaMtra Adi kA yoga hotA hai, vaha mizra zabda hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sacitta aura acitta donoM ke yoga se jo zabda hotA hai, vaha mizra zabda kahalAtA hai| jaise vAdyayantroM- bAMsUrI Adi kA shbd| vaijJAnikoM ne zabda ko do vargoM meM bAMTA hai- saMgIta dhvani aura kolAhala dhvani zabda kI gati zabda kI gati ke viSaya meM jainAcAryoM kA vilakSaNa mantavya haiN| hai gautama ! jo bhASA bhinnatva (bheda prApta- bhedana kiye hue) se nisRta yA prasArita hotI hai,vaha anantaguNI vRddhi pAkara loka ke antima bhAga ko sparza karatI hai| jo bhASA abhinna (bhedana nahIM kiye hue) rUpa se nisRta hotI hai, vaha asaMkhyAta yojana jAkara bheda ko prApta hotI hai|41 jJAtavya yaha hai ki abhinna bhASA parivarddhana ko prApta nahIM hotii| svAbhAvika gati se asaMkhyAta yojana taka jAkara naSTa ho jAtI hai| zabdoM ke bikhara jAne se bhASA rUpa nahIM rhtii| rUpAntarita bhinna bhASA ananta guNa parivarddhita hokara loka kI carama sImA taka pahuMca jAtI hai| vaktA bolane se pUrva bhASA vargaNAoM kA grahaNa, pariNamana aura utsarjana karatA hai| utsarjita bhASA vargaNA ke pudgala AkAza meM phaila jAte haiN| kintu ve vaktA ke maMda prayatna ke kAraNa abhinna rahakara anta meM zakti hIna bana jAte haiN| vaktA kA tIvra prayatna ho to ve hI pudgala bhinna hokara naye skaMdhoM ko grahaNa karate-karate bahuta dUra taka phaila jAte haiN| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 299

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Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa tathya kA samarthaka pratIta hotA hai| usameM bhI dhvani kA mUla rUpa aura parivartita rUpa mAnA gayA hai| mUla rUpa meM dhvani vastu, vyakti, vAdya Adi se jisa rUpa meM nikalatI hai, usI rUpa meM cAroM aura phaila jAtI hai| isakI prasAraNa gati 1100 mIla prati ghaMTA hai| Age calakara vaha dhvani naSTa ho jAtI hai| lekina mUla dhvani ko jaba reDiyo sTezana Adi para yaMtroM dvArA vidyuta taMragoM meM rUpAntarita kara diyA jAtA hai, taba usakI gati meM asAdhAraNa vRddhi ho jAtI hai vaha prati sekiNDa 1,86000 mIla arthAta 3 lAkha ki.mI. gati se brahmANDa meM prasarita ho jAtI hai|42 reDiyo, TrAMjisTara, TelIgrAma, TelIphona, TelIpriMTara, tAra kA tAra, grAmophona aura Tepa-rikArDara prabhRti anekAneka yaMtra haiN| ina sabhI ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye saba zabda kI adbhuta zakti aura tIvra gati ke pariNAma haiN| yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai- ye saba zabda kI rUpAntarita (bhinnatva) zakti ke tIvra gati kA pariNAma hai| jaMbadvIpa prajJapti ke anusAra sughoSA ghaMTA kA zabda binA kisI tAra kI sahAyatA liye asaMkhya yojana para rahe ghaNTAoM meM pratidhvanita hotA hai| 43yaha varNana vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna se pUrva kA hai| Adhunika TelIphona kI ghaNTiyoM ko isa saMdarbha meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| pudgala ke pariNamana chAyA, prakAza, aMdhakAra, udyota Adi bhI pudgala ke pariNamana mAne jAte haiN| chAyA pudgaloM kA pratibimba rUpa pariNamana chAyA hai| jaina dRSTi se pratyeka indriya gocara bhautika padArtha se pratipala tadAkAra pratichAyA pratibimba ke rUpa meM nikalatI rahatI hai| vaha padArtha ke cAroM ora Age bar3hane meM jahAM kahIM avarodha yA AvaraNa paidA hotA hai, vahIM dRzyamAna ho jAtI hai| chAyA aMdhakAra kI koTi kA hI eka rUpa hai| yaha prakAza kA abhAva nahIM, pudgala kA pariNamana vizeSa hai| prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai| prakAza patha para apAradarzaka vastuoM kA A jAnA AvaraNa hai| vijJAna ise UrjA kA rUpAntaraNa mAnatA hai| UrjA hI chAyA aura vAstavika evaM avAstavika pratibimboM ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotI hai| vyaktikaraNa paTTiyoM para gaNanAyaMtra yadi calAyA jAye to kAlI paTTI meM se bhI vidyuta aNuoM kA nikalanA siddha hotA hai| sArAMza yaha haikAlI paTTI kevala prakAza kA abhAva rUpa nahIM haiM, usameM bhI UrjA hai| isIliye usameM se vidyuta aNu niHsarita hote haiN| prakAza patha meM darpaNoM aura aNuvIkSoM kA A jAnA eka prakAra kA AvaraNa hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 300

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AvaraNa se vAstavika aura avAstavika pratibimba banate haiN| aise pratibimba do prakAra ke hote hai- varNAdi-vikAra pariNata aura pratibimba maatraatmk|45 varNAdi vikAra-pariNata chAyA meM vijJAna ke vAstavika pratibimba liye jAte haiM, jo viparyasta ho jAte haiM aura jinakA parimANa parivartita ho jAtA hai| pratibimba mAtrAtmaka prakAza-razmiyoM ke milane se banate haiM aura prakAza kI hI paryAya hone se spaSTa rUpa se paudgalika haiN| dhvani jaise vidyuta taraMgoM ke rUpa meM lokAnta kA sparza karatI hai, vaise chAyA bhI vidyuta taraMgoM ke rUpa meM AkAza meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| lAkhoM mIla dUra se prasArita dhvani reDiyoM dvArA grahaNa kara sunI jAtI hai| usI prakAra lAkhoM mIla dUra se prasArita praticchAyA Telivijana se grahaNa kara parde para dekhI jAtI hai| candramA para utare aMtarikSa yAnoM dvArA vahAM ke dRzyoM ke prasArita pratibimba pRthvIvAsiyoM ke dvArA parade para dekhanA isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki chAyA-praticchAyA taraMga rUpa hotI hai| taraMgeM zakti yA padArtha haivijJAna kA yaha sarvamAnya siddhAMta hai| darpaNa meM par3ane vAle pratibimba, pAnI meM parachAI Adi bhI chAyA ke rUpa aura pudgala kI paryAya haiN| vijJAna ne parachAI ko padArtha to mAnA hI hai, use bhArayukta bhI mAnA hai| prakAza-aMdhakAra pudgala kA pariNamana prakAza aura aMdhakAra rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| prakAza kA virodhI aMdhakAra hai|46 pudgaloM kA saghana kRSNavarNa ke rUpa meM jo pariNamana hotA hai, use aMdhakAra kahate haiN| naiyAyika Adi dArzanikoM ne aMdhakAra ko bhAvAtmaka dravya na mAnakara prakAza kA abhAva mAnA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne aMdhakAra ko prakAza kI bhAMti bhAvAtmaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai| prakAza kA rUpa hai, aMdhakAra kA bhI apanA rUpa hai| __ Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI aMdhakAra ko pRthak tattva mAnA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se aMdhakAra meM bhI upastu-kiraNoM kA sadbhAva hai| jinase ulla aura billI kI AMkheM tathA kucha viziSTa citrita paTa prabhAvita hote haiN| isase siddha hai ki aMdhakAra kA prakAza se alaga astitva hai|48 jisakA pratyakSa hotA hai jisameM varNa ityAdi pAye jAte haiM usakA svataMtra astitva svata: siddha hai| varNa kisI vastu kA hI hogA, avastu kA nhiiN| jaba varNa pratyakSa hai to kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 301

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usake sparza, rasa, gaMdha bhI svataH pramANita haiM kyoMki ye saba sahacArI haiN| varNa kI taraha aMdhakAra kA sparza bhI anubhUta satya hai| dhUpa se saMtapta vyakti aMdhakAra meM sahaja zItalatA kA anubhava karatA hai| zItalatA, uSNatA Adi sparza ke abhAva meM saMbhava nhiiN| isI prakAra gaMdha aura rasa bhI aMdhakAra meM vidyamAna hai| tAtparya kI bhASA meM prakAza kI taraha aMdhakAra bhI varNa, gaMdha Adi se yukta hai| ataH aMdhakAra prakAza kA abhAva nahIM balki dravya kI svataMtra paryAya hai| vartamAna vijJAna ne prakAza ke sambandha meM kAphI anusaMdhAna aura prayoga kiye haiN| unameM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiM- lesara kiraNoM kI khoja / lesara kiraNeM prakAza kA ghanIbhUta rUpa hai| usakI zakti kA anumAna hai- eka varga seMTImITara prakAzIya kSetraphala meM 60 karor3a kilovATa zakti pAI jAtI hai| lesara eka zuddha prakAza hai| isameM kevala eka hI AvRtti kI taraMgeM hotI hai| pratyeka taraMga eka dUsarI ke samAnAntara calatI hai| sAdhAraNa prakAza apane srota se niSkAsita ho cAroM aura phailatA hai| lesara prakAza eka dizAgAmI hotA hai, phailatA nhiiN| vaijJAnika prakAza ko taraMga mAnate the, kaNa nhiiN| lekina kvAMTama siddhAMta ne yaha siddha ra diyA ki prakAzana to pUrNata: sUkSma kaNa hai, na trNg| vaha donoM hai| vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM kabhI vaha kaNa kI taraha vyavahAra karatA hai, kabhI taraMga kI trh| prakAza vidyuta cumbakIya tattva hai| yaha eka varga mIla kSetra meM prati minaTa AdhI chaTAMka mAtrA meM sUrya se giratA hai| yadi sUrya - prakAza ke pUre tApa kA vajana liyA jAye to vaha prati minaTa 250,000,000 Tana nikalatA hai| vijJAna ne prakAza ko bhI anya padArthoM kI taraha eka bhautika padArtha aura gatimAna mAnA hai| prakAza kI gati sadA eka sI (Constant) rahatI hai| prakAza cAhe sUrya ke Atapa ke rUpa meM ho yA candra ke udyota meM ho, maNi kI prabhA yA bijalI kI camaka ke rUpa meM ho, apane-apane kendra ke cAroM aura satata prati sekeNDa 186294 mIla kI gati se calatA hai| Atapa 'sUryAdInAmuSNa: prakAza AtapaH' : '49 uSNa prakAza kA nAma tApa yA Atapa hai| 50 yaha pudgala kA eka pariNamana hai| Atapa sUrya yA anya uSNa padArthoM kA guNa nahIM hai| kAraNa paudgalika hone se prakAza eka svataMtra dravya hai| anyathA use pudgala kI paryAya kahane kA koI aucitya nahIM raha jAtA hai| 302 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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udyota candrAdInAmanuSNaH prakAza udyotH|'51 candramA, juganU Adi kA zItala prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai| jisameM tApa kA pUrNa abhAva yA alpa mAtrA hotI hai, use udyota kahate hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne prakAza ko do rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- Atapa aura udyot| vaijJAnikoM ne prakAza ko gatizIla mAnA hai| brahmANDa meM ghUmane vAle AkAzIya piNDoM kI gati, dUrI Adi ko mApane kA mAnadaNDa prakAza-kiraNa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| usakI gati sadA samAna rahatI hai| prakAza ko pahale bhArahIna padArtha ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA thaa| aba siddha ho cukA hai ki vaha zakti kA bheda hone para bhI bhArayukta hai| jIva aura ajIva meM hone vAle pariNamana bhI tIna-tIna prakAra ke haiM1. vainasika pariNamana ulkApAta Adi 2. prAyogika pariNamana jIvaccharIra 3. mizra pariNamana mRta zarIra 1. vainasika pariNamana visrasA-svabhAva: prayoga nirapekSo visrsaabNdhH| prayoga nirapekSa parivartana ko visrasA kahA jAtA hai yaha vastu meM svataH hotA hai| aprayatnajanya pariNamana- jaise AkAza meM bAdaloM kI ghaTA kA bananA, miTTI ke lAkhoM-karoMr3oM kaNoM kA milakara patthara yA caTTAna bana jAnA, vaisrasika pariNamana hai| ye svAbhAvika rUpa se banate hai| inheM banAne kA kisI dvArA koI prayatna nahIM rhtaa| 2.prAyogika pariNamana prayatnajanya pariNamana prAyogika hai, jaise - do kapAToM ko milaanaa| do kapar3oM ke Tukar3e ko paraspara jodd'naa| isameM jIva kA prayatna kAma AtA hai| jIva ke saMyoga se pariNamana ko prApta prayoga pariNata hai| isI prakAra indriya, zarIra, rakta, Adi kA nirmANa prAyogika pariNamana hai| zarIra Adi kI saMracanAjIva ke prayatna se hotI hai| 53 siddhasenagaNI ne prayoga kA artha jIva kA vyApAra kiyA hai| akalaMka ne 'purUSakAyavAG manaH saMyogalakSaNa:' kahakara prayoga kA artha purUSa kA zarIra, vANI aura mana kA saMyoga kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 303

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kiyA hai| SS jIva apane prayatna se zarIra, indriya, varNa aura saMsthAna kA nirmANa karatA hai| gaMdha, rasa, sparza kI vividha pariNati meM bhI usakA yogadAna rahatA hai| 16 jIvakRta sRSTi kA nAnAtva pudgala dravya ke saMyoga se hotA hai| isaliye jIva ke nirUpaNa meM zarIra, indriya, varNa Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| jIva kA vIrya ( prayatna) do prakAra kA hotA haiAbhogika aura anAbhogika / icchA prerita kArya karane ke liye vaha Abhogika vIrya kA prayoga karatA hai| anAbhogika vIrya svacAlita hai| zarIrAdi kI racanA anAbhogika A se hotI hai| bhagavatI meM prayoga pariNata ke prakaraNa meM nimnokta pariNamanoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai - zarIra-5, indriya- 5, varNa-5, gaMdha-2, rasa- 5, sparza - 8, saMsthAna 8 =5 + 5 + 5 + 2 +5+ 8 + 8 = 38 kA varNana hai| 3. mizra pariNamana jIva ke dvArA mukta hone para bhI jisakA jIva ke prayoga se huA, pariNamana banA rahatA hai, use mizra pariNamana kahate haiN| kaTe hue nakha, keza, mala-mUtrAdi mizra pariNamana ke udAharaNa haiN| athavA jo pariNamana jIva ke prayatna aura svAbhAvika donoM prakAra se hotA hai| use mizra kahate haiM, jaise- mRta zarIra | S8 abhayasUri ne isake lie mukta jIva ke zarIra kA udAharaNa diyA hai| unake mata se audArikAdi vargaNA svabhAva se niSpanna haiN| jIva ke prayoga se ve zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hotI haiN| isameM jIva kA prayoga aura svabhAva donoM kA yoga hai| siddhasena gaNI ke anusAra mizra pariNamana meM prayoga aura svabhAva donoM kA prAdhAnya vivakSita hai| 59 akalaMka ke abhimata se prayoga pariNamana svAbhAvika pariNamana bhI hai, kintu vaha vivakSita nahIM hai 100 AcArya siddhasenagaNI aura akalaMka ke abhimata meM visaMgati pratIta hotI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne donoM vyAkhyAoM meM kArya kAraNa ke rUpa meM saMgati dikhAI hai| unhoMneM mizra pariNamana ko ghaTa aura staMbha ke udAharaNa se samajhAyA hai| ghaTa ke nirmANa meM manuSya kA prayatna hai| miTTI meM ghaTa banane kA svabhAva hai isaliye ghaTa mizra pariNata dravya hai| isakI tulanA vaizeSikasammata samavAyI kAraNa se kI jA sakatI hai| 1 - ghaTa hI nahIM sampUrNa dRzyamAna jagat prayoga pariNata dravya kA udAharaNa hai| moTe stara para jagat pAMca prakAra ke dravyoM kA pariNAma haiM- ekendriya-jIvaccharIra-pariNata dravya, dvIndriya - jIvaccharIra-pariNata dravya, trIndriya-jIvaccharIra-pariNata dravya, caturindriya-jIvaccharIra-pariNata dravya, paMcendriya-jIvaccharIra-pariNata dravya / ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 304

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inake avAntara bheda asaMkhya bhI bana jAte haiN| 62 prayoga, mizra aura vaisrasika - ye sRSTiracanA ke AdhArabhUta pariNamana haiN| prathama do pariNamana jIvakRta sRSTi hai| svAbhAvika pariNamana ajIva kRta sRSTi hai| varNa Adi kA pariNamana pudgala meM svabhAvata: hotA hai| isameM jIva kA koI sahayoga nhiiN| 63 prayoga pariNamana bAhya nimitta nirapekSa hai| vaha jIva ke Antarika prayatna janya hai| mizra pariNamana meM jIva ke prayatna ke sAtha bAhya nimitta kA bhI yoga hotA hai| svAbhAvika pariNamana jIva kA prayatna aura nimitta donoM se nirapekSa hai| 64 prayoga pariNamana se puruSArthavAda aura vaisrasika svabhAva se svabhAvavAda phalita hotA hai| jainadarzana anekAMtavAdI hai, ataH use donoM mAnya hai| vaisrasika aura mizrapariNamana kA siddhAMta kArya-kAraNa ke kSetra meM naI dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| visrasA pariNata dravya kArya- -kAraNa ke niyama se mukta haiN| prayoga pariNata dravya nimitta kAraNa se mukta hai| mizra pariNata dravya meM nirvartaka aura nimitta kAraNa kA yoga hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM kArya-kAraNa kA siddhAMta bhI sApekSa hai| kArya-kAraNavAda aura sRSTivAda mImAMsA prayoga, mizra aura svabhAvajanya pariNamana ke saMdarbha meM kI jA sakatI hai| pariNamana aura kAla parivartana kI isa zrRMkhalA meM kAla bhI nimitta kAraNa hai| kAla svayaM parivartanazIla hai| anya dravyoM ke pariNamana meM udAsIna bhAva se sahayogI banatA hai| kAla ke Azraya se pratyeka dravya apane yogya paryAyoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai isalie kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA kiyA gayA hai / 'varttanAlakSaNo kAlo / '65 vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva ye saba kAla dravya ke upakAra haiN| " vastutaH vartanA kAla kA upalakSaNa hai| usameM kriyA, paratva, aparatva Adi kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| vartanAzIla honA, arthAbhivyaMjanA hai| utpatti, apracyuti aura vidyamAnatA rUpa kriyA vartanA hai| koI bhI padArtha isase pRthak nahIM hai| kAla ke nimitta se pratyeka dravya meM nirmANa-dhvaMsa satata calatA hai| kAla kA yahI svarUpa ghaTanAoM ko janma detA hai| kAla padArtha mAtra ke samasta pariNamanoM, kriyAoM, ghaTanAoM meM sahakArI kAraNa hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa satya se sahamata hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika jInsa kA abhimata hai ki dRzya jagat kI sArI kriyAoM kA eka mAtra maMca deza aura kAla hai| deza aura kAla paraspara svataMtra sattAeM haiN| 67 rimaina kI jyAmiti aura AiMsTIna ke sApekSavAda meM deza aura kAla bhautika padArtha kI racanA karane vAle tattva siddha hote haiN| kAla ke paratva - aparatva lakSaNa ko kucha kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 305

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AcAryoM ne vyakti, vastu, paristhiti, kSetra Adi kI dRSTi se sApekSa rUpa meM samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kAla kA vartanA, pariNAma aura kriyA lakSaNa svayaM usI padArtha meM prakaTa hote haiN| paratva-aparatva ke liye sApekSatA kI apekSA rahatI hai / padArtha kI dIrgha Ayu kA alpa honA, alpa kA dIrgha honA paratva - aparatva hai| dUsare zabdoM meM padArtha kI apanI Ayu kA saMkoca - vistAra paratva - aparatva hai| lagatA hai tatkAlIna vyAkhyAkAra AcAryoM ke samakSa aisA koI hetu nahIM hogA jisase ve kAla kI pariNAma, kriyA Adi anya lakSaNoM ke samAna paratva - aparatva ko bhI padArtha meM pramANita kara ske| vaijJAnika jagata meM bhI ise kevala gaNita ke jaTila samIkaraNoM se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| AiMsTIna aura lArensana ne samIkaraNoM se pramANita kiyA ki gati ke tAratamya se padArtha kI Ayu meM saMkoca - vistAra hotA hai| eka nakSatra jo pRthvI se 40 prakAza varSa dUra hai| pRthvI se vahAM taka prakAza jAne meM 40 varSa lagate haiM yadi rAkeTa 24,0000 ki.mI. prati sekaNDa kI gati se cale to sAmAnya gaNita kI apekSA use vahAM taka pahuMcane meM 50 varSa lgeNge| kAraNa prakAza kI gati prati sekaNDa 3,00000 ki.mI. hai| ata: 300000 x 24,0000 40 = 50 varSa hote haiM kintu jagerAlDa ke saMkucana - siddhAMta se prakAza kI gati se calane para kAla kI vimiti meM saMkucana ho jAyegA aura yaha saMkoca 10:6 ke anupAta meM hogA ataH 6x50/10 = 30 varSa lageMge, isase pramANita hotA hai ki kAla padArtha ke pariNamana aura kriyA kI taraha usakI Ayu ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pratipAdita kAla ke paratvaaparatva lakSaNa ko Adhunika vijJAna gaNitIya samIkaraNoM ke AdhAra para svIkAra karatA hai| vaijJAnikoM dvArA nirUpita kAla viSayaka mantavya jaina darzana ke kAla - svarUpa se Azcarya janaka samAnatA rakhatA hai| AiMsTIna ne kahA- deza - kAla kI saMyukta vimiti hI vAstavika hai aura sampUrNa vizva isa saMyukta vimiti kA hI pariNAma hai| 68 kAla ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM matabheda hai| hemacandrAcArya ne kahA- padArthoM ke pariNamana kriyA Adi meM sahAyabhUta dravya vAstavika kAla hai aura inhIM pariNAmoM, kriyAoM va ghaTanAoM ke antarAla kA aMkana va mApana karanA vyavahArika kAla hai| atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya - yaha vyavahAra bhI kAla ke AdhAra para hotA hai| padArtha yadi eka rUpa rahe to usameM arthakriyA kA abhAva hone se vastutva kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra apratyakSa rUpa se kAla ke AdhAra para hI ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 306

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vastu jagat TikA huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM pariNamana kA siddhAMta hI vizva kA AdhAra hai| pariNamana ke niyama se koI bAhara nahIM haiN| pariNamana aura sauramaNDala sUrya sauramaNDala kI mukhya dhurI hai| sUrya kI rozanI aura garmI ke pIche saura UrjA kArya karatI hai| UrjA kA utpAdana sUrya ke kendra meM nyukliyara kriyA se hotA hai| usake pariNAma svarUpa hAIDrojana gaisa hIliyama meM badalatI rahatI hai| sUrya ke kendra meM 5640 lAkha Tana hAIDrojana eka sekeNDa meM 5600 lAkha Tana hIliyama meM rUpAntarita ho jAtI hai| sUrya prati sekeNDa 3.8 + 10-26 jo UrjA antarikSa meM utsarjita karatA hai| sUrya kabhI zAnta nahIM rhtaa| usake bhItara halacale hotI hI rahatI haiN| kabhI-kabhI usakI gati itanI tIvra ho jAtI hai ki sUrya kI sataha para jvAlAeM phUTa par3atI hai| saura jvAlAeM antarikSa meM kAphI dUra taka phaila jAtI haiN| aba taka saura jvAlAoM kA ugra rUpa 28 pharavarI 1942, 19 navambara 1949, 13 sitaMbara 1971 tathA apraila 1990 ko dekhA gayA hai| dharatI para tUphAnoM kA vidhvaMsaka rUpa to kabhI - kabhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu sUrya para isase bhI bhayaMkara aura teja tUphAna calate rahate haiN| tUphAna ke phala svarUpa hI sUrya para vidyamAna saura kalaMka kI sakriyatA pratyeka 11 veM varSa meM apanI carama sImA para pahuMca jAtI hai| isase sUrya ke AbhAmaMDala ke AkAra meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hotA rahatA hai| saura meM utpadyamAna abhikriyAoM se nisRta kiraNe pRthvI ke ayana taka pahuMca jAtI hai| pRthvI kA bhU-cuMbakIya kSetra usase aprabhAvita nahIM rhtaa| saura halacaloM kI adhikatama tIvratA pRthvI ke AyanosphIyara meM uthala-puthala macA detI hai| isa AdhAra para hI dharatI meM cuMbakIya tUphAna Ane kI saMbhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai| isase reDiyo saMcAra meM bAdhA par3atI hai| vidyuta ApUrti ke asta-vyasta hone kI AzaMkA bar3ha jAtI hai| kaI bAra dharatI ina ghaTanAoM ke kaTu anubhavoM ko jhela cukI hai| sUrya meM hone vAlI ye halacaleM vyApaka parivartana kI paricAyaka hai| vaijJAnikoM ke abhimata se unake pariNAma svarUpa anAgata meM dharatI para bar3I mAtrA meM parivartana hogaa| dharatI kI AkRti vahI rahegI kintu prakRti kA pUrA rUpAntaraNa ho jaayegaa| jainadarzana meM upalabdha pariNamana kA sUkSma vivecana jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI atIndriya cetanA kA bahuta bar3A sAkSya hone ke sAtha-sAtha vaijJAnika dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| kriyA ke pariNamana kA yaha siddhAnta vaijJAnikoM ko bhI bhAvI zodha kI aneka dizAeM de sakatA hai| kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 307

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saMdarbha sUcI : 1. pramANa mImAMsA; pR. 61 2. tattvArthasUtra; 5/28 3. bhagavatI bhASya; 1 / 3 / 133 4. pAzcAtya darzana kA aitihAsika vivecana; pR. 141 5. yoga bhASya; 3 / 13 6. svataMtra cintana; pR. 2/4/15 7. bhagavatI; 25/350 8. pAzcAtya darzana kA aitihAsika vivecana; pR. 35 9. pAzcAtya darzana kA aitihAsika vivecana; pR. 36 10. da limiTezansa oNpha sAinsa; pR. 140 11. bhagavaI bhASya; 5 / 150 paramANu poggale NaM bhaMte ! eyati veyati calati phaMdaha ghaTTai khubbhai udIrai taM taM bhAvaM pariNamati ? goyamA ! siya eyati veyati jAva taM taM bhAvaM pariNamati, siya no eyati jAva no taM taM bhAva pariNamati // 12. bhagavaI; 5/169 asaMkhejjaM kAlaM ti asaMkhyeya kAlAtparaH pudgalAnAmekarUpeNa sthitybhaavaat|, pR.196 13. prajJApanA; malayavRtti; patrAMka 3/2/22 14. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 1 / 15 saMzleSaH - baMdhaH / ayamapi prAyogikaH sAdi: vaisrasikastu sAdiranAdizca / 15. tattvArtha sUtra; 5/33 16. vahI; 5/34 17. bhagavaI; 8/345 18. vahI; 8/346 19. vahI; 8 / 375 20. vahI; 8 / 348 20. (kha) bhagavatI vRttipatra, 395 21. prajJApanA; 3/2/22 22. tattvArthasUtra; 5/36 23. vahI, 5/35 308 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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24. bhagavatI vRtti patra, 365 bhAjanaM AdhAraH / 25. vahI; patra. 365 - jIrNaguDasya jIrNataMdulAnAM ca piNDIbhavana lakSaNaH / 26. tattvArthAdhigama bhASyavRtti 5/24 pR. 360 27. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; pR. 12 AkRti : sNsthaanm| taccacaturasrAdikaM itthaMstham, aniyatAkAraM anitthaMstham 28. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 5/14/16 29. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; pR. 12 30. vahI, sUtra. 15 vizleSaH - bhedaH / sa ca paJcadhA 1. utkaraH mudgazamIbhedavat / 3. khaNDaH lohakhaNDavat / 5. anutaTikA - taTAkarekhAvat / 31. tattvArtha sUtra; 5/26 32. uttarAdhyayana; 36/19-20 - 2. cUrNa: godhUma cuurnnvt| 4. pratara: abhrpttbhedvt| phAsao pariNayA je u, aTThahA te pakittiyA / kakkhaDA mauyA ceva, garuyA lahuyA thaa| yA uhAya niddhA ya, tahA lukkhA ya AhiyA / ii pusapariNayA ee, puggalA samudAhiyA // 33. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna; pR.47 34. jIva - ajIva vaijJAnika vizleSaNa 35. uttarAdhyayana; 36/8 rasao pariNayA je u paMcahA te pakittiyA / titta, kaDuya, kasAyA, aMbilA mahurA thaa| 36. kAdambinI; agasta 1967 pR.40 37. paMcAstikAya; 71 " saddo khaMdhappabhavo khaMdho prmaannusNgsNghaado| puTThesu tesu jAyadi saho uppAdago nniydo|| 38. jaina darzana: svarUpa aura vizleSaNa; pR. 181 - 182 39. prajJApanA sUtra; pada 11 sU. 880 40. Text Book of Physics, p. 249 kriyA aura pariNamana kA siddhAMta 41. prajJApanA pada 11, sUtra 880 42. jIva - ajIva vaijJAnika tattva; pR. 226 se uddhRta 43. jaMbudvIpa; a. 5 pR. 285 309

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44. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi ; 5/24 chAyA prakAzavaraNanimittA (kha) jaina.siddhAnta dIpikA; 1/15 pratibimba rUpa : pudgalapariNAma: chaayaa| 45 (ka) tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 5/24, 20-21 (kha) sarvArtha siddhi; 5/24 46. vahI, 5/24 -tamo dRSTipratibandhakAraNaM prkaashvirodhii| 47. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; 1/15 kRSNavarNabahula: pudgalapariNAmavizeSaH tmH| 48. jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa; pR.185 49. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; 1/15 50. sarvArtha siddhi; 5/24, 51. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA; 1/15 52. tattvArthAdhigama bhASyavRtti; 5/24 pR. 360 53. bhagavaIvRtti patra; 328 54. tattvArthAdhigama bhASyavRtti; 5/24 pR. 360 jIvavyApAreNa zarIrAditayA pariNatA : / 55. tattvArtha vArtika;.5/24 pR. 487 56. bhagavaI; 8/2/39 57. tatvArtha sUtra; 8/3, pR. patra- 128 58. bhagavaI 8/1/1 59. tattvArthAdhigama bhASyavRtti; 15/24, pR. 360 . 60. bhagavatI vRtti patra; 328 prayoga pariNateSu vinasA satyapi na vivakSitA iti yA 61. avasthI, narendra zAzvata, 1997, pR. 2/4-5 62. bhagavaI khaNDa 2, 8/32-41 kA bhASya 63. vahI; pR. 59 . 64. tattvArthAdhigama bhASyavRtti; .5/24, pR. 360 65. uttarAdhyayana; 28/10 66. tattvArthasUtra; 5/22 67. jJAnodaya vijJAna aMka pR. 114 68. vahI; pR. 59 310 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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saptama adhyAya kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna hamArA astitva cetana evaM acetana tattvoM kA jaTilatama saMyoga hai| zarIra mukta AtmA kI bhautika jagata ke sAtha anukriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| sAMsArika kriyA-pratikriyA aura bhoga zarIrAdhIna haiN| zarIra kA nirmANa jIva svayaM karatA hai aura usake mAdhyama se kriyA-pratikriyA karatA hai| pannavaNA ke bArahaveM pada meM zarIra ke sambandha meM kAphI ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM zarIra kI avadhAraNA jo utpatti ke samaya se lekara pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA rahatA hai, jisake dvArA bhautika sukha duHkha kA anubhava hotA haiM tathA jo zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai, use zarIra kahate haiN| sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA bhI gayA hai- 'viziSTakarmodayApAditavRttIni zIryanta iti zarIrANi'jo vizeSa nAmakarma ke udaya se milate haiM, ve zarIra haiN| AcArya tulasI ne zarIra ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai- 'paudgalika sukha-duHkhAnubhava sAdhanam zarIram' arthAt jisake dvArA paudgalika sukha-duHkha kA anubhava ho, vaha zarIra kahalAtA hai| zarIra ke prakAra jaina-tattva-mImAMsA meM pAMca prakAra ke zarIroM kA ullekha hai- audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijas, kaarmnn| __inheM hama kramazaH sthUla, sUkSma, sUkSmatara, sUkSmatama ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM- audArika zarIra sthUla hai| vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra sUkSma haiN| taijas apekSAkRta sUkSmatara evaM kArmaNa sUkSmatama zarIra hai| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 311

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( 1 ) audArika zarIra hai udAra zabda se uk pratyaya karane para audArika zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isakA artha - sthUlA / audArika zarIra ko audArika kahane ke sandarbha meM anuyogadvAra kI hAribhadrayA vRtti meM cAra hetu batalAye haiM (1) udAra arthAt pradhAna / zarIroM meM audArika zarIra pradhAna hai; kyoMki tIrthakara evaM gaNadhara bhI ise dhAraNa karate haiN| 3 (2) urAla arthAt vizAla / audArika zarIra se anya koI zarIra avagAhanA kI dRSTi se bar3A nahIM ho sktaa| 4 ( 3 ) urala- jo AkAra meM bar3A aura pradeza - upacaya meM alpa hotA hai use urala kahA jAtA hai| audArika zarIra AkAra meM bar3A hai kintu pradezopacaya alpa hone se audArika kahA jAtA hai / ' (4) urAliya- jo mAMsa, asthi, snAyu Adi avayavoM se nirmita hotA hai, vaha audArika hai|" audArika zarIra sthUla pudgaloM se nirmita hai| yaha rasa Adi sapta dhAtumaya hai| isameM cayApacaya kI kriyA nirantara hotI rahatI hai| isakA chedana-bhedana saMbhava hai| yaha mRtyu ke bAda bhI avasthita rahatA hai| deva aura nAraka ke atirikta sabhI jIvoM ko yaha zarIra prApta hai| devatA aura nAraka ko chor3akara garbhaja aura sammUrcchana sabhI prANiyoM meM audArika zarIra hI pAyA jAtA hai| (2) vaikriya zarIra aneka prakAra ke rUpa banAne meM samartha zarIra vaikriya kahalAtA hai| vaikriya arthAt vikriyA / vibhinna prakAra kI kriyAeM jisameM ghaTita ho sakatI hai, vaha vaikriya zarIra hai| vikriyA, vikAra, vikRti aura vikaraNa - ye sabhI eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiN|' vaikriya zarIra meM viziSTa prakAra kI zakti hone ke kAraNa vaikriya zarIradhArI prANI choTA-bar3A, surUpa- kurUpa, eka-aneka, rUpa banA sakatA hai| yaha rakta Adi dhAtuoM se nirmita nahIM hotA hai, mRtyu ke bAda pAre kI taraha bikhara jAtA hai| devatA aura nArakI meM vaikriya zarIra janma se prApta hai| manuSya evaM tiryaJcoM meM labdhijanya tA hai| vAyukAya meM bhI vaikriya zarIra pAyA jAtA hai| ' digambara paramparA meM taijaskAya Adi meM bhI vaikriya zarIra mAnA hai| 312 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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/ (3) AhAraka zarIra jisake dvArA AtmA sUkSma padArthoM kA AharaNa karatA hai, usako AhAraka zarIra kahate haiN| yaha saMpreSaNa kI adbhuta kSamatA rakhatA hai| AhAraka zarIra eka viziSTa prakAra kI zArIrika saMracanA hai| yaha viziSTa labdhi sampanna caturdazapUrvI muni ke dvArA nirmita hotA hai| vizeSa uddezya se AhAraka labdhi sampanna muni apane Atma-pradezoM ko bAhara prakSepa kara AhAraka zarIra kA nirmANa karate haiN| Atma-pradeza caur3AI aura moTAI meM zarIra-pramANa tathA lambAI meM saMkhyAta yojana pramANa daNDa ke rUpa meM hote haiN| siddhasenagaNI ke anusAra usa zarIra kA jaghanya pramANa ekaratni (baMdhI muTThI vAle hAtha jitanA hotA hai) aura utkRSTa pUre hAtha pramANa hotA hai| AhAraka zarIra antarmuhUrta meM hI apanA kArya saMpAdita kara punaH audArika zarIra meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| dhavalA ke anusAra AhAraka zarIra eka hasta pramANa, sarvAMga sundara, samacaturasra saMsthAna se yukta, haMsa ke samAna dhavala, rUdhira Adi sapta dhAtuoM se rahita, viSa, agni, zastra Adi samasta bAdhAoM se mukta aura avyAghAtI hai| isa zarIra se na hiMsAtmaka pravRtti hotI hai aura na yaha sAvadha pravRtti se utpanna hotA hai| na kisI kA vinAza karatA hai aura na kisI se vinaSTa hotA hai|13 AhAraka zarIra nirmANa kA prayojana dravya-saMgraha kI TIkA ke anusAra AhAraka zarIra kA prayoga karane vAlA apane mastiSka se eka nirmala sphaTika jaisA atyanta svaccha eka hAtha kA putalA nikAlatA hai| putale ko vaha tIrthaMkara ke pAsa bhejatA hai| apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna prApta kara vaha zarIra punaH prayoktA ke mUla zarIra meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| kadAcit usa sthAna meM tIrthaMkara na ho to usa zarIra se puna: eka dUsare putale kA nirmANa hotA hai| vaha jahAM tIrthaMkara hote haiM vahAM jAtA hai| samAdhAna prApta kara prathama putale meM praviSTa hotA hai| prathama putalA prayoktA muni ke audArika zarIra meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| yaha sArI kriyA atyanta zIghra sampAdita ho jAtI hai| isa zarIra kA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta mAtra svIkRta hai| AcArya akalaMka ne AhAraka samudghAta ke tIna prayojanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai (a) AhAraka labdhi ke sadbhAva kA jJAna (ba) sUkSma padArtha kA nirdhAraNa (sa) saMyama - paripAlana15 kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 313

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anuyoga dvAra kI cUrNi meM isake cAra prayojanoM kA saMketa hai-16 (a) prANI dyaa| (ba) arhatoM kI Rddhi kA drshn| (sa) navIna artha kA avagrahaNa (da) saMzaya kA apnyn| siddhasena gaNI ne AhAraka samudghAta ke saMdarbha meM caturdazapUrvI kI do zreNiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- (a) bhinnAkSara (ba) abhinnAkSara / jise pratyeka akSara ke zrutagamya paryAyoM kA parisphuTa jJAna hotA hai, vaha bhinnAkSara caturdazapUrvI kahalAtA hai| use zrutakevalI bhI kahA jAtA hai| usake mana meM zrutajJAna viSayaka koI saMzaya nahIM rahatA isaliye vaha AhAraka zarIra kA prayoga nahIM krtaa| abhinnAkSara caturdazapUrvI ko akSara-paryAyoM kA parisphuTa jJAna nahIM hone se unheM zruta-viSayaka saMdeha hotA hai aura yadi vaha AhArakalabdhi sampanna ho to AhAraka zarIra nirmANa kA prayoga kara apane saMzaya kA samAdhAna karatA hai|17 vAyu purANa meM bhI isake udAharaNa milate haiN| jaise sUrya apanI kiraNoM ko pratyAvRta kara letA hai vaise hI yogI eka zarIra se bahuta se zarIroM kA nirmANa kara phira mUla zarIra meM khIMca letA hai| ___'vijJAna ke kSetra meM TelIpethI tathA projeksana oNpha esTrala baoNDI' sambaMdhI parIkSaNa aura carcA AhAraka zarIra kI avadhAraNA ko puSTa karate haiN| (4) taijas zarIra taijasa zabda agni kA vAcaka hai| tejomaya paramANuoM se niSpanna zarIra taijasa zarIra kahalAtA hai| sthUla zarIra kI AbhA, kAnti, tejasvitA, dIpti, pAcanakriyA Adi kA kAraNa yahI zarIra hai| sUkSma zarIra hai sthUla zarIra meM vyApta hai UrjA pradAna karane vAlA yahI zarIra hai| zarIra-vijJAna ke anusAra bhI hara kozikA meM UrjA kA nirmANa hotA hai| taijas zarIra hamArI USmA, sakriyatA evaM zakti kA srota hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai- svAbhAvika evaM lbdhijny| labdhijanya taijasa zarIra meM dUsare kA hita-ahita saMpAdita karane kA sAmarthya hotA hai| svAbhAvika taijasa zarIra sabhI prANiyoM meM hotA hai| usake dvArA sAmAnya kriyAoM kA sampAdana hotA hai| taijas zarIra ke binA pAcana, halana-calana Adi nahIM ho sktaa| sthUla zarIra kI sabhI kriyAoM kA saMcAlaka bhI yahI hai| taijas zarIra ke mukhya do kArya haiM- (a) zarIra taMtra kA saMcAlana (ba) anugraha - nigraha kI kssmtaa| 314 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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prANa-zakti kA mUla srota taijas zarIra hai| yadyapi yaha sampUrNa sthUla zarIra meM vyApta hai phira bhI do kendra vizeSa haiM- mastiSka aura pRsstthbhaag| vahAM se nikalakara taijasa zakti zArIrika kriyAoM ke saMcAlana meM nimitta banatI hai| taijasa zarIra kI prANa-zakti eka hote hue bhI sthUla zarIra ke sAtha milakara aneka prakAra ke kArya saMpAdita karatI hai| isakA apanA koI nizcita AkAra-prakAra nahIM hai| audArika aura vaikriya zarIra kA jaisA AkAra, prakAra hotA hai vaisA hI isakA bana jAtA hai| yoga ke AcArya ise prANamaya koSa tathA vaijJAnika UrjA zarIra (Vital Body) aura bAyo ilekTrikala plAjmA kahate haiN| eka zabda meM kahe to yaha vidyuta zarIra hai tathA UrjA kA asIma bhaMDAra hai| (5) kArmaNa zarIra ___ karmoM ke sUkSma-skaMdhoM ke saMgrahaka zarIra kA nAma kArmaNa zarIra hai| zarIra, indriya, mana ityAdi kA mUla kAraNa tathA saba karmoM kA AdhAra, utpAdaka aura sukha-duHkha kA bIja yahI zarIra hai|20 nAr3ItaMtra yA mastiSka ke nyUnAdhika vikAsa kA kAraNa bhI karmazarIra hai| kArmaNa zarIra saMskAroM kA saMvAhaka zarIra hai| jJAnAvaraNa Adi karma- vargaNA ke sUkSmatama paramANuoM se isakA nirmANa hotA hai| audArika Adi zarIroM kA nimitta hone se use kAraNa zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha sUkSmatama zarIra hai| karmazAstrIya dRSTi se jJAna, dRSTi, saMvedanazIlatA, Asakti, zarIra-sauSThava, bAhya pariveza, vighna-bAdhAeM aura jIvana kI avadhi Adi sabhI kA nirdhAraka kArmaNa zarIra hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra kArmaNa zarIra kA sthUla zarIra meM saMvAdI-taMtra antaHsrAvI graMthitaMtra hai| anya zarIroM kI tulanA meM taijas aura kArmaNa zarIra pratyeka saMsArI AtmA se anAdi saMlagna haiN| karmoM ke anusAra gati vizeSa meM jIva kabhI audArika yA vaikriya zarIra ko prApta karatA hai, kabhI nahIM karatA hai aura AhAraka zarIra to kAdAcitka hai| labdhijanya vaikriya zarIra bhI kAdAcitka hai kintu kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIra to hamezA prApta rahate haiN| jaba taka jIva mukta nahIM hotA taba taka inakA yoga satata banA rahatA hai| jIva eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra meM kaise praveza kara sakatA hai ? yaha samasyA kaI Atma - vAdiyoM ko bhI ulajhana meM DAla detI hai| kintu kArmaNa zarIra kA rahasya jJAta hone para samasyA svataH samAhita ho jAtI hai| kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 315

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kucha AcArya karma aura kArmaNa zarIra ko eka hI mAnate hai|21 kintu donoM eka nhiiN| karma kI utpatti nAma karma tathA mohakarma se hotI hai| jabaki kArmaNa zarIra kA vipAka kArmaNa zarIra ko hI puSTa karatA hai| isa hetu inheM sarvathA eka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zarIra nAma karma kI prakRti karmoM se bhinna nahIM, isa apekSA se karma aura kArmaNa ko eka bhI kaha sakate haiN| karma zarIra saMskAroM kA saMgrAhaka hai| janma-janmAntaroM kI saMskAra-paramparA isake sAtha jur3I hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra vyakti ke cAritra, jJAna, vyavahAra, vyaktitva Adi ke bIja karma zarIra meM nihita haiN| jeneTika sAiMsa ke anusAra vyakti ke AkAra-prakAra, saMskAroM kA mUla jIna hai| sahAvasthAna aura krama-vyavasthA meM kama se kama eka sAtha do zarIra va adhikatama cAra zarIra pAye jAte haiN| unakA yoga nimnAnusAra hai (1) eka sAtha do zarIra - taijas, kaarmnn| (2) eka sAtha tIna zarIra - taijas, kArmaNa, audaarik| athavA taijas, kArmaNa, vaikriy| (3) eka sAtha cAra zarIra - taijas, kArmaNa, audArika, aahaark| athavA taijas, kArmaNa, audArika, vaikriyA audArika Adi zarIroM kA krama bhI samIcIna hai| svalpa-pudgaloM se niSpanna tathA bAdara-pariNati ke kAraNa audArika zarIra kA sthAna prathama hai| vaikriya Adi kramaza: sUkSma, sUkSmatara, sUkSmatama hone se unheM bAda ke krama meM rakhA gayA hai| isa prakAra kramavyavasthA kA hetu uttarottara sUkSmatA hai| sUkSma zarIra aura Adhunika vijJAna parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM sUkSma zarIra ke saMdarbha meM kAphI prayoga aura parIkSaNa hue haiN| isase sUkSma zarIra ke bAre meM aneka rahasya anAvRta hue haiN| kiriliyana phoTogrAphI ke vikAsa ke pazcAt to vijJAna jagat meM yaha dhAraNA spaSTa ho gaI hai ki sthUla zarIra ke pare sUkSma zarIra bhI hai| mRta vyakti kA phoTo lene para jJAta huA ki zarIra jaisI hI eka AkRti zarIra se bAhara nikalatI hai| pahale use AtmA mAnA jAtA rahA kintu vaha AtmA nahIM, sUkSma zarIra thaa| AtmA amUrta hai, vaha carma cakSu kA viSaya nahIM bana sktii|22 316 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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jaina dRSTi se sUkSma zarIra catuHsparzI paramANu skaMdhoM se nirmita haiN| catuHsparzI pudgala bhArahIna hote haiN| unameM vidyuta Aveza nahIM hotA / parAmanovijJAna kI bhASA meM sUkSma zarIra, 'poSakatatva kaNoM se nirmita haiN| catuHsparzI pudgaloM kI taraha hI 'nyUtrilona (Neutrilone) kaNoM meM bhI bhAra, vidyuta Aveza aura prasphuTana nahIM hotA / vijJAna una karNoM ko bhautika nahIM mAnatA kintu jaina darzana sammata sUkSma zarIra bhautika hai, paudgalika hai / 'nyUtrilona' ke kaNa bhI sIdhe nahIM dekhe jaate| dUsare kaNoM ke sAtha jaba unakA saMgharSa hotA hai taba ve pakar3a meM Ate haiN| isase bhI sUkSma kaNoM se hamAre sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| 22 (kha) jainadarzana meM zarIra racanA jaina darzana AtmA ko zarIra se sarvathA bhinna nahIM maantaa| saMsAra dazA meM donoM kA gaharA sambandha hai| jisa jIva meM indriya aura mAnasajJAna kI jitanI kSamatA hotI hai usI ke anurUpa usakI zarIra racanA hotI hai aura zarIra racanA ke anusAra hI zArIrika pravRtti hotI hai| jaina darzana meM zarIra racanA aura usake AkAra-prakAra ke viSaya meM gahana cintana kiyA gayA hai| racanA kI dRSTi se saMhanana aura AkAra kI dRSTi se saMsthAna kA vicAra mananIya hai| saMhanana saMhanana kA tAtparya hai- asthi racanA | 23 yaha mata zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM svIkRta hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se ekendriya jIvoM meM asthi racanA nahIM hotI phira bhI unameM sevArta 24 tathA digambara matAnusAra unameM asaMprApta sRpATikA 25 nAmaka saMhanana hotA hai| devatA aura nAraka jIvoM meM eka bhI saMhanana nahIM hotaa| unake zarIra meM asthiyAM, zirAeM aura snAyu nahIM hote| 26 asthi-ra - racanA Adi kA abhAva isalie hai ki ve vaikriya zarIradhArI hote haiM / kintu ve prathama saMhanana se yukta bhI hote haiN| isa saMdarbha meM AcArya haribhadra kI paribhASA yauktika pratIta hotI hai| unhoMne asthi-saMcaya se upacita zakti-vizeSa ko saMhanana kahA hai| 27 zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra mAnava kA pUrA DhAMcA asthiyoM se nirmita hai| asthiyoM kI lambI, gola, capaTI, patalI Adi vibhinna AkRtiyAM haiN| asthi-racanA meM mukhya yogadAna 'perAthAirAiDa graMthi' kA hai| isa graMthi mukhya srAva 'perAthormona' hai jo zarIra meM kailziyama kI mAtrA kA nirdhAraNa kara haDDiyoM ke samucita vikAsa meM sahAyaka banatA hai| 28 isa graMthi ko saMhanana nAma karma kA saMvAdI kahA jA sakatA hai| saMhanana-saMracanA meM isakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 317

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saMhanana ke prakAra 1. vajraRSabha nArAca 4. ardhanArAca 2. RSabha nArAca 5. kIlikA (1) vajraRSabha nArAca saMhanana- isameM tIna zabda prayukta haiM- vajra, RSabha aura naaraac| asthikIla ke liye vajra, pariveSTana asthi ke liye RSabha aura paraspara guMthI huI asthi ke liye nArAca zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jisa zarIra meM haDDiyAM paraspara guMthI huI aura pariveSTita ho tathA asthikIla dvArA kasI huI ho usako vajra - RSabha nArAca saMhanana kahate haiN| yaha sarvottama aura sabase zaktizAlI saMhanana hai| ( 2 ) RSabha nArAca - isameM paraspara guMthI huI do asthiyoM ke choroM para tIsarI asthi kA pariveSTana hotA hai| ( 3 ) nArAca - isameM nArAca (markaTabaMdha) pUrA hotA hai- asthiyAM donoM ora se guMthI huI hotI hai| ( 4 ) ardha nArAca - asthiyoM ke chora paraspara eka ora se guMthe hue hote haiN| nArAca (markaTa-baMdha) AdhA hotA hai| 318 (5) kIlikA- isameM asthiyoM ke chora paraspara eka dUsare kA sparza kiye hote haiN| ( 6 ) sevArta - isa saMhanana meM asthiyAM paraspara jur3I huI nahIM hotI haiN| kevala bAhara se zirA, snAyu, mAMsa Adi lipaTa jAne se saMghaTita hotI hai| yaha sabase adhika durbala asthi-racanA hai| dhavalA meM isakI tulanA paraspara asaMprApta aura zirAbaddha sarpa kI asthiyoM se kI hai| uparyukta cha: prakAra kI asthi - racanA ko agrAMkita citra ke mAdhyama se saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai 1. vajana nArAca saMhanana 3. nArAca 6. sevArta / 2. RSama mArAca saMhanana 3. nArAca saMhanana 4. ardha nArAca saMhanana 5. kIlikA saMhanana 6. sevArta saMhanana ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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sAdhanA aura svAsthya donoM dRSTiyoM se asthi-racanA kA vizeSa mahattva hai| tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM (tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi) kA zarIra vajra-RSabha-nArAca hotA hai| mokSa kI utkRSTa sAdhanA aura sAtavIM naraka ke hetubhUta krUra karma karane meM samartha yahI asthi-racanA hai| vaikriya zarIra meM asthiyAM nahIM hotI, ata: nAraka va devoM meM saMhanana bhI nahIM hotaa| siddhoM ke zarIra hI nahIM hai| zarIra binA saMhanana kaise hogA ? pAMca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya, (manarahita) asaMjJI tiryaJca, asaMjJI manuSya meM eka mAtra sevArta saMhanana pAyA jAtA hai| saMjJI (manasahita) tiryazca aura manuSya meM chahoM prakAra ke saMhanana pAye jAte haiN|29 cikitsA zAstra meM asthi - saMracanA para kAphI dhyAna diyA gayA hai| usameM 'svastha' zabda ke do artha hai-svayaM meM rahanA aura asthiyoM kA majabUta honaa| saMhanana kI tulanA zarIra vijJAna ke saMdhi saMbaMdhI vargIkaraNa se kI jA sakatI hai| zarIra vijJAna meM saMdhi ke tIna prakAra haiM-(1) sUtra saMdhi (2) upAsthi (3) snehk| saMsthAna saMsthAna kA artha hai- zArIrika avayavoM kI AkAra-racanA yA AkRti saMsthAna isake chaH prakAra haiN| 30(ka) 1. samacaturasra 2. sAdi 3. vAmana 4. nyagrodha-parimaMDala 5. kubja 6. hunnddk| (1) samacaturasra- asra kA artha hai- konn| jisa zarIra ke cAroM koNa pramANopeta hoM, vaha samacaturasra saMsthAna hai| jisa zarIra-racanA meM Urdhva, adha: evaM madhyabhAga sama ho, use samacaturasra saMsthAna kahA jAtA hai| eka kuzala zilpI ke dvArA nirmita cakra kI sabhI rekhAeM samAna hotI haiN| isI prakAra isa saMsthAna meM zarIra ke saba bhAga samAna hote haiN| 30(kha) bhagavatI vRttikAra ke anusAra- sama-nAbhi ke Upara aura nIce ke avayava sakala purUSa-lakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa tulya hote hai|30(g) caturasra kA eka artha hai- prdhaan| jisake avayava sama aura pradhAna hoM use samacaturasra saMsthAna kahate haiN| vRttikAra ne isake tIna vaikalpika artha kiye haiM zArIrika avayavoM ke jo pramANa kahe gaye haiM, cAroM koNa usI ke avisaMvAdI ho to use samacaturastra saMsthAna kahA jAtA hai| koNa kA artha hai-cAroM dizAoM se upalakSita zarIra ke avyv| zarIra ke cAroM hI koNa na nyUna aura na adhika hoM, use samacaturastra kahA jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM vRttikAra ke mata se paryaMkAsana meM baiThe hue vyakti ke donoM jAnuoM kA antara samAna ho| athavA Asana aura lalATa ke UparI bhAga kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 319

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kA antara samAna ho| athavA dakSiNa skaMdha se vAma jAnu kA antara samAna ho| athavA vAma skaMdha se dakSiNa jAnu kA antara samAna ho| athavA paryakAsana meM baiThane para jisakI UMcAI aura vistAra samAna hoM, usa saMsthAna ko samacaturastra kahA jAtA hai| dhavalA ke anusAra samAna, mAna aura unmAna vAlA zarIra-saMsthAna samacaturasra hai30(gha) samacaturasra kI aneka vyAkhyAeM upalabdha haiN| inameM vRttikAra dvArA vyAkhyAyita dUsarA aura tIsarA vikalpa adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| (2) sAdi- jisa zarIra meM Upara kA bhAga choTA aura nIce kA bar3A ho, vaha sAdi saMsthAna kahalAtA hai| (3) vAmana- jisa zarIra ke sabhI aMga - upAMga choTe ho, vaha vAmana hai| (4) nyagrodha parimaMDala- nyagrodha kA artha hai- baragada kA vRkSA jisa zarIra kI saMracanA meM vaTavRkSa kI taraha nAbhi se Upara kA bhAga bar3A aura nIce kA bhAga choTA ho vaha nyagrodha parimaMDalAkAra kahalAtA hai| (5) kubja- jisa zarIra racanA meM hAtha - paira, zira aura gardana pramANa ke anusAra nahIM hote, zeSa avayava pramANopeta hote haiM aura pITha para pudgaloM kA adhika saMcaya ho vaha kubja hai| __(6) huNDaka- jisa zarIra meM koI bhI avayava pramANopeta nahIM hai| aMga - upAMga huNDa kI taraha saMsthita hoM, vaha huNDaka saMsthAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra saMhanana kA sambandha zarIra-saMracanA se, vizeSataH asthi-jor3oM kI sudRr3hatA se hai jabaki saMsthAna kA sambandha zarIra ke AkAra-prakAra arthAt lambAIcaur3AI aura moTAI se hai| saMsthAna -NAM 320 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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jainAcAryoM ne AdhyAtmika dRSTi se saMsthAna ko adhika mahattva nahIM diyA kyoMki mokSa prApti meM koI bhI saMsthAna bAdhaka nahIM hai kintu saMhanana kI bAta para vizeSa bala diyA hai| sudRr3ha zarIra yAnI vajra - RSabha nArAca saMhanana binA jIva mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isa artha meM saMhanana kA mahattva vyakti ke Atmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se vizeSa artha rakhatA hai| jainetara darzana meM zarIra kI avadhAraNA jainetara bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI zarIra ke saMdarbha meM cintana milatA hai| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke pAMca koSoM kI carcA haiM jo jainadarzana sammata pAMca prakAra ke zarIroM se sAmyatA rahate haiN| ve koSa haiM (1) annamaya koSa (2) prANamaya koSa sAMkhya darzana - - (3) manomaya koSa (4) vijJAnamaya koSa (5) Anandamaya koSa annamaya koSa se audArika zarIra kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| 31 mahat - sthUla zarIra, jo anna se banatA hai (anna maya valaya) zarIra ke antargata prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna, vyAna Adi prANoM kI avsthiti| (prANamaya valaya) mana kI saMkalpa - vikalpAtmaka kriyA / buddhi kI vivecanAtmaka kriyA / Ananda kI upalabdhi - sAMkhya darzana meM mukhya do tattva haiM - prakRti aura purUSa / purUSa kUTastha nitya hai| jagat ke saMpUrNa vikAsa aura vistAra meM prakRti kI mukhya bhUmikA rahatI hai| prakRti se mahat, ahaMkAra, mana, pAMca karmendriyAM, pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca tanmAtrA evaM pAMca bhUta utpanna hote haiN| prakRti ahaMkAra paMca tanmAtrA paMcabhUta mana paMca jJAnendriyAM paMca karmendriyAM inhI tattvoM se zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| prakRti sRSTi ke prAraMbha meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA zarIra nirmita karatI hai, jise liMga zarIra kahate haiN| liMga zarIra sadA sAtha rahatA hai, usakI gati apratihata hai| kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 321

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liMga zarIra ke kAraNa hI pUrvajanma, punarjanma hotA hai| pUrva sthUla zarIra kA tyAga kara jIva naye sthUla zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| sAMkhya darzana bhI liMga zarIra ke abhAva meM sthUla zarIra kI utpatti nahIM maantaa| liMga zarIra ke kAraNa sthUla zarIra bho / karatA hai| sthUla zarIra pAMcoM sthUla bhUtoM ke yoga se banatA hai| yaha pratyakSa hai| kucha loga AkAza rahita cAra bhUtoM se sthUla zarIra kI sRSTi mAnate haiN| vedAnta darzana vedAnta meM sRSTi kA kartA Izvara hai| Izvara se AkAza kA udbhava hotA hai| AkAza se kramazaH sthUla tattvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha kramika vikAsa sUkSma se sthUla kI ora hotA hai| vedAnta meM sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa satraha avayavoM se mAnA hai| pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriyAM, pAMca prANa, mana aura buddhi ye sthUla zarIra ke avayava haiN| sUkSma zarIra manomaya, prANamaya tathA vijJAnamaya koSa se yukta hai jo kramazaH kriyA, icchA, jJAna, zakti saMpanna hone se kArya rUpa hai| karmendriya ke samUha ko prANamaya koSa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| isameM kriyAzIlatA kA prAdhAnya hai|34 vedAnta meM mAnya sUkSma evaM sthUla liGga zarIra kI AMzika tulanA jaina ke kArmaNa / zarIra evaM sthUla zarIra kI audArika zarIra se ho sakatI hai| vedAnta sUkSma zarIra meM jJAna, cAritra, sukha - du:kha, vyavahAra, kartRtva, vyaktitva Adi ke saMskAra saMcita mAnatA hai| kArmaNa zarIra audArika Adi zarIroM kA kAraNa hai vaise hI liMga zarIra bhI sthUla zarIra kA kAraNa hai| kArmaNa zarIra kI taraha liMga zarIra bhI apratighAtI hai| saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kA hetu kArmaNa zarIra kI taraha liMga zarIra hI hai| jaina darzana sammata vaikriya, AhAraka aura taijas zarIra ke samakakSa zarIra kA ullekha sAMkhyadarzana meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| garbha - vijJAna bhavana-nirmANa meM aneka padArthoM kI apekSA rahatI hai vaise hI garbha kA nirmANa mAtRja, pitRja, rasaja evaM satvaja tatvoM para AdhArita hai| isa saMdarbha meM bhagavatI sUtra meM kucha prazna uThAye gaye haiM jo zarIra-racanA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA- garbhastha jIva mAtA se kitane aMga prApta karatA hai ?36 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- mAMsa, zoNita aura mastulaMga (mastiSkIya majjA)- ye tIna aMga mAtRja haiN| isI prakAra asthi, asthimajjA, keza (zmazru, roma, nAkhUna) pitRja haiN| zeSa aMga raja tathA vIrya ke sammizraNa se nirmita hai|37 322 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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aSTAMga-hRdaya meM rakta, mAMsa, majjA, gurdA, vasti Adi mRdubhAga mAtRja evaM zukra, dhamanI, asthi evaM keza, dADhI, nakha,dAMta, snAyu Adi sthira bhAga meM pitRja yoga mAnA hai|38 caraka saMhitA meM isakI vistRta tAlikA milatI hai| Ayurveda ke anusAra zarIranirmANa,buddhi, bala Adi rasaja haiN| isI prakAra satva, raja aura tamoguNa se vibhinna prakAra kI mAnasika avasthAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| ___ Ayurveda ke anusAra prathama mAsa meM kalala tathA dUsare mAsa meM piNDa ke tIna prakAra bana sakate haiM- 1. piNDa, 2. pezI, 3. arbud| piNDa se purUSa, pezI se strI tathA arbuda se napuMsaka kA garbha taiyAra hotA hai|40 pAMcaveM mAsa meM pAMca aMga vyakta aura upAMga avyakta rahate haiN| yahAM bhrUNa ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| cetanA kI abhivyakti hotI hai| chaThe mAha meM snAyu, zirA, roma, nakha, tvacA Adi tathA sAtaveM mAha meM sarvAMga pUrNatA aura 8-9 veM mAha zarIra kI puSTi ho jAtI hai|41 jaina darzana ke antargata bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI isI prakAra kA varNana hai|42 Adhunika zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra zAstra zarIra 46 kromosoma (guNasUtra) kA samavAya hai| isameM 23 guNasUtra mAtA evaM 23 pitA se grahaNa karatA hai|43 bhrUNa ke liMga kA nirdhAraNa pitA ke zukra para nirbhara hai| Y kromosoma se putra tathA x se putrI banatI hai| mAtA ke raja meM kevala X rahatA hai jabaki pitA ke zukra meM x tathA Y donoM hote haiN| mAtA ke x pitA ke Y kA saMyoga putra paidA karatA hai| donoM x ho to putrI paidA hotI hai| prAcIna jainAcAryoM ne binA yaMtra ke bhI apane atIndriya jJAna dvArA garbhastha prANI ke vikAsa krama ko nimnAnusAra batAyA hai prathama saptAha meM kalala, dUsare saptAha meM arbuda, tIsare saptAha meM pezI, cauthe saptAha meM catuSkoNa mAMsa piNDa ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| dUsare mAsa meM avayavoM kI racanA hotI hai| tIsare mAsa meM mAsapeziyoM, nAr3I saMsthAna kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai| caturtha mAsa meM mAtA ke aMga puSTa hote haiN| pAMcaveM mahIne meM do hAtha, do paira, sira banate haiN| chaThe mAsa meM sarvAMgoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| sAtaveM meM 900 naseM, 500 peziyAM tathA 9 dhamaniyAM aura 99,000,00 roma kUpa kA vikAsa ho jAtA haiN| sira, dAr3hI-mUcchoM ke bAloM ko milAkara sAr3he tIna karor3a roma kUpa kahe jAte haiN| AThaveM meM garbha prAya : pUrNa ho jAtA hai|14 kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 323

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jainAgamoM meM garbha - vijJAna Adhunika vijJAna ne sonogrAphI - Tu -DeTa - alTrA sAuMDa yaMtra (2-D-USG) kA AviSkAra kiyA hai| usake dvArA vIDiyo skrIna para garbhastha zizu ke vikAsa kI pUrI prakriyA dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaMtra kA AdhAra ati sUkSma dhvani taraMgeM haiN| inake mAdhyama se philma kI taraha garbhastha zizu ke pratyeka spaMdana, sthiti kA pratyakSa saMbhava hai| isa sArI prakriyA ko vIDiyo kaiseTa meM sthAyI rUpa meM rikArDa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 12 yA 13 saptAha ke garbha meM kahIM vikRti dikhAI dene para nivAraka upAyoM kA prayoga bhI ho sakatA hai| eka kozikA se garbhAdhAna prAraMbha hotA hai| koSoM ke vibhAjana evaM vikAsa kI prakriyA meM eka saptAha meM TyUba (garbhanAla ) banatA hai usake dvArA garbha kA mAtA ke sAtha sambandha jur3atA hai| tatpazcAt mastiSka, narvasa sisTama, tvacA, bAla, AMkha aura muMha kA nirmANa hotA hai| kramaza: Meodrem meM se hRdaya, asthiyAM, gudA Adi kA vikAsa hotA hai| do mahIne ke bAda vikAsa kI gati tIvra ho jAtI hai, prajananataMtra kA liMga nirdhAraNa ke sAtha pUrA AkAra bana jAtA hai| tIsare mahIne meM aMgulI jitanA kada, tvacA kA AvaraNa apAradarzaka tathA sparza kI anubhUti hone laga jAtI hai| cauthe mahIne se bhrUNa meM halana calana kI prakriyA utpanna hotI hai| mAtA khar3I hotI hai yA baiThatI hai, calatI hai yA sotI hai, pratyeka kriyA kI pratikriyA bAlaka karatA hai| yaha usake vikAsa - vRddhi meM sahAyaka banatA hai| pAMcaveM mahine meM svAda kI anubhUti karatA hai| zodhakartAoM ke abhimata se janma ke samaya bAlaka kI jIbha para 10,000 svAda kaNikAeM ho jAtI haiN| oNksIjana yukta zuddha vAyu garbhanAla se prApta hotA hai| mala-mUtra kI prakriyA kI zuruAta ho jAtI hai| phephar3oM kI kriyA sabase anta meM hotI hai isaliye baccoM ko zvAsa lene kA abhyAsa nahIM hotaa| sadyajAta zizu meM zvasanataMtra kI takalIpha adhika dekhane ko milatI hai| janma se pUrva hI baccA mAtA kI AvAja se paricita ho jAtA hai| mAtA ke hRdaya kI dhar3akana, pAcanakriyA ke samaya hone vAlI AvAja suna letA hai| nIMda aura jAgRti kI kriyA ke sAtha vaha svapna bhI dekhatA hai| mAtA kI mAnasika aura zArIrika paristhiti kA anubhava bhI karatA hai| zarIra vijJAna meM zarIra racanA aura usake kArya zarIra ke vibhinna avayavoM kI kArya-praNAlI ke adhyayana ko zarIra kriyAahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 324

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vijJAna kahate haiN| zarIra kriyA-vijJAna ko samajhane ke liye zarIra racanA vijJAna kA jJAna bhI anivArya hai| manuSya kA zarIra prakRti kI eka vilakSaNa camatkArika kRti hai| isakI saMracanA atyanta jaTila bahukoSIya saMsthAna ke rUpa meM hai| usake jIvita rahane kA AdhAra bhItara meM calane vAlI vibhinna jaiva-bhautika evaM jaiva-rAsAyanika kriyAoM kA samyag samAyojana hai| zarIra kI saMracanA simeMTa, kaMkarITa se bane bhavana ke samAna hai| yaha atyanta zaktizAlI yaMtroM se susajja hai| hRdaya aura phuphphusa nirantara kAryarata paMpa haiN| AMkha Azcaryajanaka kaimarA evaM projekTara hai| kAna adbhuta dhvani vyavasthA hai| peTa rAsAyanika leboreTarI hai| nAr3ItaMtra saMcAra vyavasthA hai| mastiSka kampyuTara hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki sabhI yaMtra sahaja rUpa se eka dUsare ke sahayoga se kriyA kara rahe haiN| zarIra-vijJAna kI dRSTi se zarIra karIba 600 kharaba kozikAoM se nirmita hai| kozikA zarIra kI sabase choTI saMracanAtmaka evaM kriyAtmaka ikAI hai| jise jIva-aNu bhI kahA jAtA hai| usakA sabase bar3A AkAra eka pina kI TopI se bhI choTA hotA hai| eka milImITara ke zatAMza jitane vyAsa meM eka mahAnagara kI taraha sAre taMtra hai| kozikAeM atyanta sUkSma hotI haiN| unheM dekhane ke liye sUkSmadarzI yaMtroM kI apekSA rahatI hai| choTI se choTI kozikA kI lambAI-caur3AI karIba 1/200 milI mITara aura bar3I se bar3I 1/4 mi.mI. hotI hai| kozikAoM ke AkAra-prakAra meM bhinnatA hotI hai| kucha kozikAeM velanAkAra, kucha zaMkhAkAra tathA kucha capaTI hotI hai| kozikA kI mUla saMracanA meM sabase bAhara AvaraNa jhillI ke AkAra kA hotA hai, jise kozikA-bhItti kahate haiN| usake andara gAr3hA tarala padArtha hotA hai, jise jIvadravya kahA jAtA hai| jIva dravya ko zlAiDena ne eka prakAra kA goMda batAyA hai| dujArDina ne isakA sArkoDa nAma diyA aura kahA ki yaha kevala prANiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| je.I.pArkinje ne 1941 meM sArkoDa ko jIva dravya nAma diyaa|45 jIva dravya kArbanika tathA akArbanika yaugikoM kA mizraNa hai tathA isameM svayaM kI kucha vizeSatAeM pAI jAtI haiN| ye vizeSatAeM jIva dravya ke jaivika guNa kahalAte haiM tathA yahI jIvadhAriyoM ke niyAmaka hote haiN| inakI vizeSatAeM nimnAMkita haiM kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 325

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(1) gati (2) poSaNa (3) zvasana (4) utsarjana (5) cayApacaya (6) vRddhi (7) sacetanA ( 8 ) prajanana kozikA kA vibhAjana bhI Azcaryajanaka hai| eka DimbANu kozikA se karor3oM kozikAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| isase bar3A Azcarya hai niSecita DimbANu meM saMgrahita asaMkhya sUcanAoM kA hastAntaraNa jyoM kA tyoM sabhI kozikAoM ko kara diyA jAtA hai| yaha prakriyA vidyamAna jIna ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| jIna bahuta sUkSma jIvana-tattva hai| vaha AnuvaMzika guNa-doSoM kA saMvAhaka hotA haiN| kozikA ke kendra meM DI. ena. e. yAni jIna kI saMracanA karane vAle 'pradhAna aNu' tathA Ara.ena.e pAye jAte haiN| vAstu zilpI evaM ThekedAra kI taraha DI. ena. e. kozikAoM kA adhinAyaka hai, yaha unake kriyAkalApoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai| kozikAoM ke saMghaTaka ko usake dvArA hI sAre Adeza diye jAte haiN| zarIra ke raMga rUpa, AkAra, banAvaTa Adi se sambandhita sabhI sUcanAeM sAMketika rUpa meM jIna meM aMkita hai| pratikSaNa lAkhoM-karoDoM kozikAeM naSTa hotI haiM aura naI kozikAeM utpanna hotI naI kozikAoM kA nirmANa jIrNa kozikAoM ke vibhAjana dvArA hotA hai / yahI zarIra kI cayApacaya kriyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra zarIra racanA kA mukhya hetu hai - nAmakarma / nAmakarma citrakAra ke samAna hai| jaise citrakAra apanI kalpanA se naye - naye citroM kA nirmANa karatA hai| vaise hI yaha karma aneka prakAra kI zArIrika saMracanA ke lie jimmedAra hai| nAmakarma ke aneka bheda-prabheda haiN| unake dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke zarIra sambandhI kArya sampAdita hote haiN| jaise- gati nAma karma ke prabhAva se jIva manuSya, tiryaJca Adi gatiyoM jAtA hai| jAti nAma karma se jIva ko AMkha, kAna Adi indriyoM kI jJAnAtmaka zakti prApta hotI hai| zarIranAma karma se audArika, vaikriya Adi zarIra upalabdha hote haiN| varNa nAmakarma se zarIra ke gaura, kRSNa Adi vividha varNa nirdhArita hote haiN| ucchvAsa nAmakarma zvAsocchvAsa ke taMtra kI racanA karatA hai / 46 vibhinna taMtra aura unakI kriyAeM 326 vaijJAnika AdhAra para zarIra racanA kA mUla kozikA hai 47 kozikAoM se Uttaka, UttakoM se avayava evaM avayavoM ke samUha se taMtroM kA nirmANa hotA hai| zarIra ke viziSTa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kArya saMpAdana meM vibhinna taMtroM kA yogadAna hotA hai| inakA saMgaThita rUpa hI mAnava zarIrasaMracanA kA AdhAra hai| taMtroM kI racanA aura kriyA nimnAnusAra hai| taMtra dasa haiM (1) asthi taMtra zvasana taMtra (2) pezI taMtra pAcanataMtra (3) tvacAtaMtra (4) taMtrikA taMtra (5) raktaparisaMcaraNa taMtra (6) (7) kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna (8) utsarjana taMtra (9) graMthi taMtra ( 10 ) prajanana taMtra (1) asthi taMtra - asthi taMtra (kaMkAla taMtra) 206 asthiyoM se nirmita hai| yaha komala UtakoM ko surakSA evaM sahArA dene meM AdhAra bhUta gatizIla DhAMcA hai| jahAM do yA do se adhika asthiyAM milatI hai, vahAM jor3a yA saMdhi banatI hai, halana calana vahIM hotI hai| yadi asthiyoM meM jor3a yA saMdhi kA abhAva hotA to hama pratimA kI bhAMti gatihIna bana jaate| asthiyoM ko mukhya rUpa se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- (a) sira kI asthiyAM (ba) dhar3a kI asthiyAM (sa) bhujA kI asthiyAM aura (da) paira kI asthiyAM adhikAMza asthiyAM bhItara se polI hai| inameM mahattvapUrNa lAla rakta kaNoM kA utpAdana hotA rahatA hai| kelsiyama, phAsphorasa, Airana jaise rasAyana bhI inameM rahate haiM ye asthiyoM ko majabUtI pradAna karate haiN| asthiyoM kI vRddhi 20 se 23 varSa kI Ayu taka hotI haiN| kaMkAla taMtra 327

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(2) pezI taMtra- zarIra meM snAyuoM kI racanA jAla kI taraha hotI hai| inakA vajana zarIra ke vajana kA 50 pratizata hai| snAnu peziyAM taMtuoM se nirmita hai jo halana - calana meM sahayogI banatI haiN| snAyu saMyukta rUpa se kArya karate haiN| ve do prakAra ke haiMaicchika va anaicchik| ___ aicchika-aicchika snAyu apanI icchA ke anusAra kArya karate hai| jaise hAtha-paira, peTa, mastaka, AMkha, muMha Adi ke snaayu| . anaicchika- anaicchika snAyu svAbhAvika rUpa se kriyAzIla haiN| ve hamArI icchA ke anusAra kArya nahIM krte| jaise- zvAsocchvAsa, pAcana, avazoSaNa aadi| (3)tvacA taMtra- tvacA zarIra para plAstara kI taraha hai| tvacA aMdarUnI UttakoM kI surakSA karatI hai| tvacA do prakAra kI hotI hai- bAhya tvacA aura aMdarUnI tvcaa| ye vibhinna prakAra ke saMvedanoM - USmA, ThaMDa, komala, kaThina, darda Adi sparza kI sUcanA mastiSka taka pahuMcAtI haiN| tvacA snAyu aura carbI kA rakSaNa karatI hai| zarIra kA tApakrama niyaMtrita karatI hai| apaziSTa padArthoM kA utsarjana karatI hai| isameM alTrA vAyaleTa kiraNoM kI kriyA dvArA viTAmina DI kA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha saMvedanoM ko grahaNa karane kA mukhya sAdhana hai jisase hama vAtAvaraNa ke prati saceta rahate haiN| sveda-graMthiyAM, keza, nAkhUna aura vasAmaya graMthiyAM Adi isake sahAyaka aMga haiN| (4) taMtrikA taMtra- yaha zarIra kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa taMtra hai| sabhI taMtroM kA niyaMtraNa aura saMyojana isI ke dvArA hotA hai| yaha zarIra ke samagra kriyA kalApoM kA saMcAlaka hai| kisI kAraNa se yadi nAr3ItaMtra viphala ho jAye to zarIra kI sUkSma evaM sthUla sabhI kriyAeM baMda ho jAtI haiN| isake abhAva meM AMkhoM kA unmeSa - nimeSa tathA zvAsocchvAsa bhI lenA saMbhava nahIM hai| taMtrikA - taMtra ke saMracanAtmaka DhAMce ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1. kendriya taMtrikA-taMtra 2.pridhigt-tNtrikaa-tNtr| ___1. kendriya taMtrikA-taMtra- yaha taMtra zarIra meM vibhinna aMgoM kA niyaMtraNa, saMcAlana ke liye sUcanA aura saMparka kA kAma karatA hai| isake mukhya do aMga haiM- (a) mastiSka (ba) suSumnA yA meruudnndd| mastiSka aura suSumnA kA setu hai- kapAlarandhra |uske Upara kA bhAga mastiSka tathA nIce kA hissA suSumnA hai| 328 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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mastiSka - racanA - sajagatA ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI sabhI kriyAoM kA nirdezana mastiSka se hotA hai| mastiSka anaicchika kriyAoM kA saMcAlaka bhI hai| antaHstrAvI granthiyoM ke sAtha isakA gaharA sambandha hai| mastiSka ko zarIra kA TelIphona eksaceMja, supara kampyUTara aura eTaoNmika riakTara kaha sakate haiN| isakI racanA tIna kharaba nyUronsa evaM usase pAMca yA dasa gunI saMkhyA meM rahI dhUsara raMga kozikAoM se hotI hai| mastiSka kI nyUronsa saMkhyA nyUna yA adhika nahIM hotI hai| mastiSka kA vajana lagabhaga Der3ha kilo grAma hai| mastiSka tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- (1) agra mastiSka, (2) madhya mastiSka, (3) pazca mastika / nimnAMkita citra se mastiSkIya racanA aura mastiSkIya saMcAlana praNAlI kA saralatA se saMbodha milatA hai pramastika ( dAyAM golArtha ) zatru mastiSka mastiSka citra mastiSka citra paripArzva asthi paripArdha zaMkhAsthi agra asthi agra khaNDa - zaMkha, khaNDa agra mastiSka- yaha vyaktitva, AcaraNa evaM saMcAlana kA nirvAhaka hai| isakA nimnatama bAyAM hissA hamArI vANI kA niyaMtraka kendra hai| bRhad mastiSka- agra mastiSka evaM madhya mastiSka milakara bRhad mastiSka banAte haiN| mastiSka kA adhikAMza dravya bRhad mastiSka meM hotA hai| isakI bAhya racanA dhUsara raMga ke parata se aura bhItarI racanA zveta raMga ke UttakoM se hotI hai| mastiSka meM kriyA aura zarIra-vijJAna 329

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vidyamAna nyUrona hamAre cintana - kriyA ke AdhAra bhUta tattva haiN| yaha samAnAntara do golArDoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka golArddha zarIra ke dUsarI ora ke samasta aicchika kriyA-kalApoM, saMcAlakoM kA niyaMtraNa karatA hai| bRhadmastiSka supara kampyUTara hai| isameM lagabhaga bIsa hajAra cIpsa haiN| hama kevala 10 pratizata kA hI upayoga karate haiN| tarka, gaNita, bhASA ke vikAsa meM bAyAM paTala sakriya rahatA hai| anuzAsana, sahiSNutA, samarasatA, saMyama, udAratA Adi meM dAyAM paTala kA yogadAna hai| adhyAtma ke vikAsa meM bhI yahIM paTala sahayogI hai| donoM saMvedanoM ke vizleSaNa meM saMlagna rahate haiM tathA zarIra ke paripArzva kI sArI paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM zarIra kI apekSAoM kI dekhabhAla karate haiN|48(kh) bRhadmastiSka ke golArDoM ke tala para cetaka aura avacetaka haiN| cetaka madhyarekhA ke samIpa hai| yaha sira, dhar3a, hAtha - pairoM ke samagra saMvedanAtmaka sUcanAoM ko grahaNa kara Avazyaka kAryavAhI karatA hai tathA unheM bRhadmastiSka prAntasthA evaM suSumnA taka pahuMcAtA hai| avacetaka cetaka ke nIce avasthita hai| hamAre zArIrika, mAnasika evaM bhAvanAtmaka sthitiyoM meM yaha mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| isake mukhya kArya haiM . (1) hRdayagati aura raktacApa kA niymn| (2) tApavRddhi evaM tApahAni kA niyNtrnn| (3) AhAra kI mAtrA, bhojana - praNAlI kA niymn| (4) jala ke grahaNa evaM visarjana kA niymn| (5) sajagatA evaM nidrA kA utprernn| (6) kAma-vRtti kA uddiipn| (7) manovRttiyoM (krodha,jJAna, bhaya Adi) kA niymn|48(g). pazca mastiSka- yaha laghu mastiSka evaM mastiSka DaNDI kA saMyukta rUpa hai| yaha bRhad mastiSka ke nIce tathA mastiSka ke nIce pIche kI ora hai| zarIra ke saMtulana aura sUkSma saMcAlana meM laghu-mastiSka kA niyaMtraNa rahatA hai| mAMsapeziyAM anAvazyaka saMkucana na kare tathA bRhad mastiSka ke Adeza kA ucita rUpa se pAlana kare, yaha sArA dAyitva laghu-mastiSka para hai| madhya mastiSka, ni:setu evaM AyatAkAra anta:sthA yA suSumnA zIrSa ina tInoM kA saMyukta nAma hI mastiSka DaNDI hai| zArIrika halana - calana se sambandhita aneka niyojaka kendra isameM hai| ni:setu zveta dravya se nirmita hai aura prasAraNa kendra ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai|48(gh) 330 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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mastiSka meM vidyuta taraMgoM kI vizeSatA taraMga AvRtti volTeja sthiti alphA 10 - 12 50 bITA 13 - 25 5-10 saMvedanA aura mAnasika kAryoM se jaba agra-mastiSka uttejita hotA hai| DelTA 1 - 5 bITA 5-8 jaba AMkhe baMda hotI hai, usa samaya pRSTha mastiSka kAryarata rahatA hai| anya vicAroM kA saMparka nahIM rahatA / 20-200 nidrA meM aura mastiSka meM kucha kSati huI ho usa samaya ye taraMge utpanna hotI haiN| 10 mirny khulI AMkha 1sakiMnDa mAnasika tanAva aura pazcakhaNDa atyadhika uttejita avasthA meM ho, usa samaya meM taraMgeM utpanna hotI haiN| mastiSkIya taraMgeM wwwwwwwwwwta Witam pini AMkha baMda 500 vaoNlTa mastiSkIya kArya saMvedana ke samasta kendra mastiSka meM hai| AMkheM dekhatI hai, jIbha svAda letI hai kintu inake saMvedana kendra inake pAsa nahIM, mastiSka meM haiN| mastiSka eka kArakhAnA hai| isameM aneka jaTila evaM zaktizAlI yaMtra satata kAryarata haiN| unameM pAMca saMvedI yaMtra haiM- 1. sparza 2. svAda 3. gaMdha 4. dRzya 5. dhvani saMvedana / sparza saMvedana ise darzana kI bhASA meM sparzanendriya kahA jAtA hai| tvacA se jo saMvedana hotA hai| unameM mukhya hai- dabAva, vedanA, uSNa, zIta aadi| tvacA kI mukhyataH tIna parateM haiM1. bAhya tvacA 2. antastvacA aura 3. adhastvacA / kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 331

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saMvedana ke saMgrAhaka taMtrikAeM antastvacA meM sarvAdhika hotI haiN| rAsAyika uddIpakoM se prApta uttejanA jaba grAhaka kozikAoM dvArA taMtrikA taMtuoM meM pahuMcatI hai aura ve tAMtrikI Avega jaba mastiSka ke pArzvika khaNDa meM pahuMcate hai taba tvak saMvedana kI anubhUti hotI hai| tvacA janya anubhUti meM tvacA ke keza kaNa javAbadAra hai| inakA sambandha jJAna taMtuoM se hai, unake dvArA anubhavoM ko mastiSka taka pahuMcAte haiN| svAda saMvedana svAda kA saMvedana jIbha se hotA hai kintu isameM gale kA agalA bhAga, kaMTha nalI aura tAlu bhI sahayogI haiN| jIbha ke UparI sataha para svAda kaNa hote haiN| khurAka ke rAsAyanika tattvoM se svAdakaNa uttejita hote haiN| unake sAtha jur3e hue jJAna taMtu saMdarbhagata saMdezoM ko mastiSka taka pahuMcAte haiM, taba svAda kA bodha hotA hai| vijJAna ke AdhAra para prAthamika svAda cAra haiM-khaTTA, mIThA, namakIna aura kdd'vaa| jIbha ke agra bhAga mIThe evaM namakIna, donoM kinAre khaTTe tathA pichalA bhAga kar3ave svAda ke lie vizeSa saMvedana zIla hai| svAda kalikAeM jihvA ke gartoM meM pAI jAtI hai, jinheM rasAMkura bhI kahate haiN| gandha saMvedana ____ gaMdha kI saMvedanA nAka ke dvArA hotI hai| ghrANendriya kA sIdhA sambandha pramastiSka se hai| manuSya meM karIba 60,000 gaMdhoM meM bheda karane kI kSamatA hai| nAka ke aMdara ghrANataMtrikA haiN| pratyeka taMtrikA meM lAkhoM sUkSma-taMtrikA aMtAMga hotA hai| gaMdha taMtrikA para eka parata hai jise myukaSa membrensa kahA jAtA hai| jaba havA dvArA atyanta sUkSma rAsAyanika tattva nAka meM praviSTa hote haiM, taba zleSma parata meM hI huI zleSma graMthiyoM se srAva hotA hai| yaha srAva gaMdha taMtrikA ke jJAna taMtuoM ko uttejita karatA hai, jisase gaMdha kA anubhava hotA hai| dRzya saMvedana netrapaTa ke jJAnataMtu do prakAra ke haiM prathama prakAra ke saMgrahaka salI AkAra kI patalI aura lambI kozikAeM haiM jo maMda aura sAdhya prakAza meM kArya karatI hai| dUsarI, zaMku AkAra meM choTI moTI kozikAeM jo dina ke teja prakAza meM kAma karatI hai| manuSya ke netra meM lagabhaga bAraha karor3a salI aura karIba paccAsa lAkha zaMku koza 332 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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hote haiN| donoM koSoM ke sAtha jur3I huI taMtrikA taMtuoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga dasa lAkha haiN| jinake mAdhyama se donoM netroM ke dAeM bhAgoM meM taMtrikA Avega pramastiSka ke dAyeM khaNDa meM tathA bAyeM bhAgoM ke bAeM dRSTi khaNDa meM pahuMcate hai aura dRSTi bodha hotA hai| manuSya kI AMkheM 3,40,000 raMgoM ko dekhane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| AMkha ke uparyukta svarUpa ko nimnAMkita citra meM darzAyA gayA hai netra saMracanA netramaNi kIkI pAradarzaka paTala.... zrInima -dRSTi paTala -dRSTi cetA -zaMka AkAra kA koSa salI AkAra kA koSa zabda saMvedana zabda grahaNa kA sAdhana kAna hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se kAna ke tIna vibhAga hai / 49 (1) bAhya kAna (2) madhya kAna ( 3 ) Antarika kAna / bAhya kAna bAhya kAna meM mukhya karNa pallava, karNanalI aura karNapaTTa kA samAveza hai| bAhya dRzya karNa pallava zravaNa kI dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa kAma nahIM krtaa| karNa pallava saMpRkta karNalI kI lambAI karIba 1 IMca ke barAbara hai| usameM se jo srAva nikalatA hai, vaha karNanalI ko snigdha banAye rakhatA hai| karNanalI ke choTe-choTe bAla hAnikAraka tattvoM ko aMdara praveza nahIM dete| karNanalI ke antima sire para karNapaTala hai| jaba dhvani taraMgeM karNalI se aMdara Akara karNapaTaha se TakarAtI hai taba karNapaTala prakaMpita hotA hai| madhya kAna madhya kAna meM avasthita tIna asthiyAM antarakAna ke sAtha jur3I hai| dhvani prakaMpana karNapaTala ko prakaMpita karatA hai taba madhyakarNa meM dhvani taraMgeM asthi pravAha meM badala jAtI hai| antarakAna antara kAna kI racanA vicitra hai / vaha do prakAra kI hai- 1. karNAvartta nalikA 2. karNa zaMkha / karNAvartta lambI nalikA hai jo AdhAra se coTI taka kramazaH patalI kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 333

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aura ghoMghe ke AkAra meM mur3I huI hai| karNAvarta hI sabase adhika saMvedanazIla aMga hai| jisameM lagabhaga 24,000 loma kozikAeM hotI haiN| ina kozikAoM ke mAdhyama se zravaNa taMtuoM meM taMtrikI AvegoM kI utpatti hotI hai| Avega mastiSka taka pahuMcate hai, taba dhvani kA bodha hotA hai| manuSya ke karNa 20,000 dhvani taraMgoM ke liye vizeSa saMvedanazIla hai| zravaNa - kiyA aura saMracanA zaMkhAkRti kavinaya A paDadA jJAnendriya evaM saMvedana prakriyA kI jAnakArI ke lie upayogI cArTa nimnAnusAra haikra. saMvedana rUpa jJAnendriya uddIpaka sAMvedanika anubhava 1. dRSTi netra prakAza raMga, prakAza 2. zravaNa karNa dhvani svara, zora 3. gaMdha nAsikA gaMdha knn| 4. rasa jihvA tarala padArtha mIThA, khaTTA 5. tvak saMvedana tvacA dabAva, sparza, tApIya cApa saMvedana,pIr3A, sparza zaktiyAM zIta Adi gaMdha ye sabhI saMvedI kendra mastiSka meM hai| Superintendent ofhead morertent Controller of Movement of armne legs hips and feet Memory Drpartment Interpreter of (errera piciuris Mahat Manager of * speech departmen! Camera Operators The Lens Air Conditioning Piant Hearind Room The Lens S tan los Boein Private Secretary na m Srivers Deperintent for automatic arians and miscine cork T Chiseis Certting u pfui Generek is naar Shering Refler Action Room Chinweis Cutting NSEpfuel Hain Tespite Cable bell parts of die Thaci. Spirti Carity Fuel Pipe Desophagua Air Duct (Trachers 334 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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8) nAramanca kAna phupphusa ' jara In this picture the various parts of the head are illustrated in a technical instead of a physiological way. Where the various parts of the brain are illustrated in detail and the scientific names of the various centres are given. The brain does the work of a great central telephone exchange; while in the spinal cord are groups of nerve cells acting as local exchanges. suSumnA/merUdaNDa kI racanA aura kArya kendriya taMtrikA taMtra kA dUsarA mukhya aMga hai- sussumnaa| suSumnA snAyavika padArthoM se banI huI vartulAkAra lambI taMtrikA hai| yaha kapAla-randhra se prAraMbha hokara merUrajju kI kazerU-nalikA meM se gujaratI huI kaTi ke dUsare nilaya taka pahuMcatI hai| suSumnA/merU-rajju antima chora para taMtrikAoM kA gucchA garadana sA hai| suSamnA 45 seMTImITara lambI UparI pITha hai| isakI racanA zveta aura dhUsara do / madhya pITha raMgoM se hotI hai| suSumnA kI pUrI lambAI se taMtrikA ke yugma nikalate nIcalI pITha haiN| pratyeka taMtrikA yugma meM jJAnavAhI trikAsthi / aura kriyAvAhI- do prakAra kI kokilAsthi taMtrikAeM hotI haiN| donoM milakara sUcanA ke AdAna-pradAna kA kArya karatI hai| jJAnavAhI taMtrikAeM indriyoM dvArA saMgrahita saMdezoM ko mastiSka taka pahuMcAtI hai aura kriyAvAhI mastiSka se prApta saMcAlanasambandhI saMdezoM ko dhar3a evaM paira kI mAMsapeziyoM taka pahuMcAtI haiN|49(kh) suSumnA kA mahattvapUrNa kArya nizcita prakAra ke saMvedanAtmaka saMdezoM kI avilaMba pratikriyA ke liye prativarta sahaja kriyA-kendroM kA prabaMdha karanA hai| jo kriyA anaicchika rUpa se svataH ho jAtI haiM ve prativarta sahaja-kriyA kahalAtI hai|50 aneka kriyAoM kA sambandha sirpha suSumnA se hai| mastiSka kI unameM koI bhUmikA nahIM rhtii| prativarta kriyA anaicchika kriyA hai| yaha bahuta hI sarala tathA janma jAta hotI haiN| aicchika evaM anaicchika kriyAeM bAlaka janma ke samaya se hI kucha na kucha kriyA evaM pratikriyA karane lagatA hai| inase vaha vAtAvaraNa meM apane ekIkaraNa kI ceSTA karatA hai| aneka prakAra kI pratikriyAeM ta manAlAya bhUcAlaya 1 prajanana avayava kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 335

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jIvanabhara calatI hai| una kriyAoM ko aicchika, anaicchika ina do bhAgoM me vibhakta kiyA hai|51 zArIrika kriyA anaicchika kriyA aicchika kriyA sahaja jaTila arddha aicchika kriyAeM athavA Adata janya aicchika kriyAeM apane uddezya pUrti athavA rUci-saMtuSTi ke liye cetanA rUpa se kI jAtI hai| ye kriyAeM arjita hotI haiM kyoMki inheM sIkhate haiN| - jaTila kriyA-mUla pravRttyAtmaka kriyA hotI haiN| isameM jJAnAtmaka, rAgAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka tInoM taraha kI mAnasika kriyAeM hotI hai| isake atirikta isa kriyA kA sampAdana zarIra ke kisI eka aMga se nahIM hotA, pUrA zarIra sakriya rahatA hai| cir3iyoM kA ghoMsalA banAnA yA madhumakkhI kA chattA banAnA eka jaTila kriyA hai| yadyapi maikDUgala ne mUla pravRttyAtmaka kriyA meM saMjJAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka tathA kriyAtmaka - tInoM taraha kI mAnasika prakriyAoM kI carcA kI hai tathApi usane bhAvAtmaka pahalu yA saMvega para adhika jora diyA hai| maikDUgala ne mukhya caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| pratyeka mUla pravRtti kisI na kisI prakAra ke bhAva yA saMvega se sambaddha hotI hai| udAharaNa ke liye - bhAgane kI mUla pravRtti kA sambandha bhaya ke saMvega se hotA hai| aicchika kriyAeM cetana tathA arjita hotI haiM jabaki anaicchika kriyAoM kA svarUpa isase sarvathA bhinna hai| anaicchika kriyAoM meM chaha prakAra kI kriyAeM samAviSTa hai|52 (1) svaMya saMcAlita kriyAeM (2) Akasmika kriyAeM (3) sahaja kriyAeM (4) sambaddha sahaja kriyAeM (5) bhAvanAjanya kriyAeM (6) mUlapravRtyAtmaka kriyaaeN| (1) svaMya saMcAlita kriyAeM- hamAre zarIra kI bahuta sI kriyAeM svayaM saMcAlita haiM jo zarIra ko jIvita rakhane ke liye paramAvazyaka hai| inake saMcAlana meM prayatna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| jaise- rakta-saMcAra, hRdaya kI dhar3akana, AhAra kA pAcana, shvaasocchvaas| Antarika avayavoM kI kriyA saMcAlana kA kSetra taMtrikA taMtra ke 'svAyatta taMtrikA saMsthAna' ke antargata A jAtA hai| svAyatta 336 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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taMtuoM kA sambandha hAipothelemasa ke sAtha hai jo mastiSka kA hI eka bhAga hai| yahI unakA niyaMtraNa karatA hai| (2) Akasmika kriyAeM- Akasmika kriyAeM uddezyahIna evaM avyavasthita hotI haiN| jaise- zizu kA barAbara hAtha-pAMva hilAte rahanA, AMkha kI putalI ko ghumAnA aadi| (3) sahaja kriyAeM- sahaja kriyAoM ko sIkhA nahIM jAtA, sahaja rUpa se calatI hai| jaise- chIMka AnA, kAMTA cubhane para tatkAla hAtha-paira haTA denA, jaMbhAI lenaa| sahaja kriyA ke prakAra- (1) daihika kriyA (2) jJAnAtmaka kriyaa| daihika sahaja kriyAoM meM patA nahIM cltaa| jaise- AMkha meM kucha gira jAne se AMsU A jaanaa| teja rozanI se AMkha kI putalI kA sikur3anA Adi daihika sahaja kriyAeM zarIra meM niyamita rUpa se hotI rahatI hai| jJAnAtmaka sahaja kriyAeM- ina kriyAoM ke hone para vyakti ko jJAna ho jAtA hai ki kriyA ho rahI hai| jaise- muMha meM lAra AnA, khAMsanA aadi| (4) sambaddha sahaja kriyA- isa kriyA meM uddIpana kA bar3A mahattva hai| jaiselAra kA TapakanA, khAne ke uddIpana dvArA hotA hai| hAtha para pina cubhAne (uddIpana) se hAtha khIMcane kI kriyA hotI hai| yadi pina na cubhAI jAye to khIMcane kI kriyA bhI na hogii| (5) bhAvanAjanya kriyAeM- bhAvanA janya kriyAoM meM saMkalpa- zakti kA mahattva nahIM hai| ye kriyAeM usa samaya hotI haiM jaba vyakti Aveza meM hotA hai| kisI kArya kA cintana Ate hI jo kArya binA kisI niyaMtraNa ke ho jAtA hai, use bhAvanA janya kriyA kahate haiN| jaise- koI vyakti bAta kara rahA hai| sAmane dharatI para pina par3I hai, apanI bAta-cIta kA silasilA cAlu rakhate hue pina ko uThA letA hai| (6) mUla pravRtyAtmaka kriyAeM- mAM ke mana meM bacce ke prati gaharA vAtsalya hotA hai| bAlaka ke mana meM mAM ke prati anAdara hone ke bAvajUda bhI mAM kA prema kama nahIM hotaa| yaha mUla pravRttyAtmaka kriyA hai|53 mAnava zarIra kI racanA evaM aicchika-anaicchika kriyAoM kI dRSTi se to isameM taMtrikAtaMtra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 337

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taMtrikA taMtra kendrIya taMtrikA taMtra paridhigata taMtrikA taMtra mastiSka suSumnA 12kapAlIya taMtrikAeM svAyatta taMtrikAeM 31merUdaNDIya taMtrikAeM jJAnavAhI kriyAvAhI anukampI parAnukaMpI jJAnavAhI kriyAvAhI taMtrikA taMtra kA hI eka mahattvapUrNa bhAga hai-svAyattazASI taMtrikA tNtr| isake dvArA zarIra ke Antarika aMgoM kI gatividhiyoM ko niyaMtrita aura niyojita kiyA jAtA hai| taMtrikA taMtra meM jo aMga vizeSa kriyAzIla haiM, ve tIna haiM- 1. svAyatta taMtrikA taMtra 2. pramastiSka valka 3. hAipothelemasa / ina tInoM kI kArya praNAlI kI saMkSipta jAnakArI nimnAnusAra haiM 1. svAyatta taMtrikA taMtra- yaha hamArI anaicchika kriyAoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai| svAyatta taMtrikA ke do rUpa haiM- (a) anukampI taMtrikAtaMtra (ba) parAnukaMpI tNtrikaatNtr| svAyatta taMtrikAtaMtra ke donoM vibhAga kArya meM eka dUsare ke pratipakSI haiN| anukaMpI kriyAzIla hotA hai, vyakti uttejita ho jAtA hai aura usake dvArA niyaMtrita sabhI kriyAeM tejI se hone lagatI haiN| pariNAma-svarUpa sAMsa kI gati, hRdaya aura nAr3I kI gati, khUna kA daurA, raktacApa Adi bar3ha jAte haiN| parAnukaMpI sakriya hokara use kama kara detA hai| donoM taMtroM kI kriyAeM eka-dUsare ke virodhI hotI huI bhI pUraka hai| zAnta aura prasanna rahanA, anukaMpI evaM parAnukaMpI kI sahabhAgitA para nirbhara hai| eka avadhAraNA thI ki saMvega meM kevala anukaMpI taMtra hI kriyAzIla rahatA hai lekina kutte, billI, manuSya Adi para kiye gaye prayogoM se aba spaSTa ho gayA hai ki vibhinna saMvegoM meM parAnukaMpI taMtra bhI kriyAzIla rahatA hai| raktaparisaMcaraNa taMtra- yaha zarIra kA parivahana taMtra hai|54shriir kI pratyeka kozikA ko jIvita evaM kAryakSama rakhane ke liye prANapoSaka tattvoM ke vitaraNArtha eka yAtAyAta ke mAdhyama kI apekSA rahatI hai| rakta-parivahana taMtra isa kArya kA saMvAhaka hai| AhAra, 338 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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pAnI, oNksIjana evaM anya Avazyaka tattvoM ko UttakIya kozikAoM taka pahuMcAnA tathA vahAM avaziSTa padArthoM kA niSkAsana karanA isakA pramukha kArya hai| isameM mukhya sahayogI haiM- hRdaya, phephar3e, mahAdhamanI, dhamaniyAM, mahAzirA, kozikAeM aura shiraaeN| rakta ko satata gatizIla rakhane meM preraka hai- hRdaya kI dhdd'kn| hRdaya khokhalI mAMsapezI ke rUpa meM cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hotA haiN| Alinda hRdaya kA choTA UparI koSTha hai| jisameM zirAoM dvArA rakta AtA hai| nilaya hRdaya kA bar3A nicalA koSTha hai jo rakta ko bAhara nikAlatA hai| arthAt hradaya ke dAMyeM Upara ke koSTha meM azuddha rakta AtA hai| usI samaya bAMyeM UparI koSTha meM phephar3oM se zuddha rakta AtA hai| vahAM se vAlva dvArA azuddha rakta dAyeM nIce ke koSTha meM jAtA hai| zuddha rakta bAMye nIce koSTha meM pahuMcatA hai| nilayoM kI saMkocana aura prasAraNa kriyA dvArA azuddha rakta phephar3oM meM evaM zuddha rakta pUre zarIra meM pahuMcatA hai| hRdaya kI dhar3akana pratiminaTa karIba 70-72 hotI haiN| prasAraNa 49 prati saikiNDa tathA saMkocana 36 calatA hai| zArIrika zrama ke samaya dhar3akana bar3ha jAtI hai| ___ hRdaya kA bhAra purUSoM meM karIba 300 grAma, striyoM meM 250 grAma hotA hai| yaha eka AzcaryakArI pampa hai| eka minaTa meM lagabhaga 5 lITara kA rakta zarIra meM yAtAyAta kara letA hai aura pratidina yaha pampa zarIra kI rakta nalikAoM ke mAdhyama se lagabhaga 1 lAkha ki.mI kI lambAI meM rakta pravAhita kara letA hai| rakta parisaMcaraNa taMtra ke antargata rakta vAhikAoM lAla tathA zveta rakta kaNikAoM ke yogadAna ko rekhAMkita karanA bhI prAsaMgika haiM... rakta vAhikAeM- rakta vAhikAeM mukhyata: tIna prakAra kI hai55- dhamaniyAM, zirAeM aura keshikaaeN| hRdaya se zarIra ko rakta pahuMcAne kA kArya dhamaniyoM kA hai| zarIra se hRdaya kI ora rakta pravAhita karanA zirAoM kA kArya hai| kezikAeM bahuta sUkSma hotI haiN| rakta kaNikAoM ko eka-eka kI paMkti se gujaranA par3atA hai| ve kozikA UttakoM meM vyApta hokara kezikAoM se saMparka karatI hai| apane sAtha lAye hue oNksIjana Adi Avazyaka padArtha rakta dvArA unheM sauMpa detI hai tathA kArbana Adi niSkAsita padArtha rakta meM visarjita kara detI hai| AdAna-pradAna kI yaha kriyA itanI zIghra hotI hai ki praviSTa hone vAlA pratyeka rakta-dala kisI eka kozikA meM eka se tIna seMkiNDa hI Thahara pAtA hai| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 339

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zarIra kA aura koI aMga hRdaya jitanA kaThora zrama nahIM karatA, isake liye UrjA kI khapata bhI adhika hotI hai| khAdya ke rUpa meM zarIra ko jo UrjA prApta hotI hai usakA prAyaH AdhA bhAga hRdaya kriyAzIla rakhane meM kharca ho jAtA hai| zarIra ko prApta honevAlI oNksIjana kA 25% bhAga bhI usI ke nimitta kharca ho jAtA hai| hRdaya ko anya aMgoM kI apekSA dasa gunA adhika poSaNa kI apekSA rahatI hai| Alinda aura nilaya meM vidyamAna rakta se usakA saMpoSaNa nahIM hotaa| usake liye vizeSa vyavasthA hai| do hRdaya dhamaniyAM mahAdhamanI meM se nikala kara hRdaya ke dAMyeM-bAMye hotI huI Upara taka jAtI hai| ye dhamaniyAM kisI kAraNa se avaruddha ho jAye aura hRdaya ko paryApta poSaNa na mile to dila kA daurA hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| ____ lAla kaNikA - lAla kaNikAeM aura zveta kaNikA donoM kA zarIra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| rakta ke choTe se bindu meM bhI pacAsa lAkha lAla kaNikAoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| rakta meM vidyamAna lohA yukta proTIna padArtha rakta ko lAla banAye rakhatA hai| lAlakaNikAoM kA kArya phuphphusoM se UttakoM taka oNksIjana lAnA aura kArbana ko alpamAtrA meM vahAM se le jAnA hai|55(k) zvetakaNikA- ye lAla kaNikA se kucha bar3I hotI hai| inameM himoglobina nahIM rahatA isaliye raMga vihIna hotI hai| rakta meM inakI saMkhyA prati ghana mI.mI. 7000 se 10,000 hotI haiN| zarIra kI rogoM se rakSA karanA inakA mukhya kArya hai| lAla-kaNikA kI apekSA ye adhika kriyAzIla hotI haiN| khUna kI saphAI kiDanI meM hotI hai| yaha vijAtIya tattvoM kA mUtra vAhiniyoM dvArA niSkAsana karatI hai| yadi phephar3e vyavasthita kArya nahIM karate hoM to rakta meM rahe hue kArbana aura vijAtIya dravyoM kA pUrA niSkAsana nahIM hotA jisase kiDanI ko adhika zrama karanA par3atA hai| phalasvarUpa usakI niSkAsana kSamatA kama ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM avaziSTa vijAtIya dravya tvacA dvArA bAhara nikalate haiM ise carmaroga kahA jAtA hai| ___zvasana taMtra- jIne ke liye oNksIjana kI anivArya apekSA hai| bhojana evaM pAnI ke abhAva meM vyakti kucha samaya taka jI sakatA hai kintu prANavAyu ke binA saMbhavata: kucha kSaNoM se adhika jI pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai|55(kh) zarIra kI pratyeka kozikAoM ko apane kArya sampAdana meM oNksIjana jitanA jarUrI hai utanA hI Avazyaka kArbana kA niSkAsana jarUrI hai| zvasana-taMtra ina donoM kI ApUrti karatA hai| 340 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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zvasana taMtra ke sahayogI aMga hai- nAka, grasanI, zvAsa-praNAla, zvasanI, zvasanikA aadi| ye sabhI eka dUsare se zrRMkhalAbaddha jur3e hue haiN| inake mAdhyama se havA bhItara phephar3oM taka pahuMcatI hai| jahAM vAyu kA AdAna-pradAna hotA hai| manuSya ke donoM phephar3oM meM lagabhaga 30 karor3a se 65 karor3a taka zAsa prakoSTha hote haiN| manuSya apane jIvana kAla meM karIba 1,3 karor3a ghana phITa havA grahaNa kara letA hai| rakta phephar3oM se oNksIjana kA AyAta kara kozikAoM meM niryAta karatA hai| zarIra meM oNksIjana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yadi mastiSka ko tIna minaTa oNksIjana na mile to usakI kozikAeM mRta ho jAtI hai| unheM punaH jIvita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| phephar3e kAryakSama raha sake isaliye havA ke Agamana aura nirgamana patha kA sApha aura vistRta rahanA jarUrI hai| isa tathya ko nimnAMkita citra ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai khulA rAstA baMda rAstA oNksIjana jaba pratyeka kozikA meM pahuMcatA hai to vahAM usakA oNksIkaraNa ( upacaya) hotA hai| oNksIkaraNa ke bAda UrjA mukta hotI hai jo e.TI.pI. ( eDinosIna TrAiphospheTa) rUpa meM saMgrahita kI jAtI hai| UrjA ko grahaNa evaM visarjana karane vAlI kriyAoM ko jor3ane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya (e.TI.pI.) karatA hai| padArthoM kI cayApacaya kriyA se jo UrjA mukta hotI hai usakA saMgraha e.TI.pI. aNuoM meM rahatA hai| e.TI.pI. AvazyakatAnusAra UrjA kA vitaraNa karatA hai| jaise pRthak-pRthak vastuoM ke krayavikraya meM dhana kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| vaise hI koSIya kriyAoM ke vyavahAra meM e.TI.pI. nimitta hai| SS (ga) zarIra vijJAna kI dRSTi se zvasana kriyA ke do prakAra haiM- bAhya zvasana, Antarika shvsn| jaba phuphphusa kI bhItarI havA kA dabAba bAhya vAtAvaraNa ke dabAva se adhika hotA hai taba havA phuphphusa se bAhara AtI hai use niHzvasana yA bAhya zvasana kahate haiN| isase viparIta jaba bAhara ke vAtAvaraNa kA dabAva bhItara ke dabAva se adhika hotA hai taba havA bhItara praveza karatI hai, usakA nAma antaHzvasana hai| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 341

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donoM prakAra ke dabAvoM kA antara tanupaTa evaM anya mAMsa-peziyoM kI kriyA se utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| zvasana kriyA meM mukhya rUpa se tIna avayava saMbhAgI haiN| (1) tanupaTa (2) antarAparyuka (paMsaliyoM se saMpRkta pezIsamUha) (3) haMsalI kI mAMsapeziyAM . zvAsa kI kriyA meM ina tInoM kA yogadAna hai| tanupaTa ke saMkucana se chAtI kA vistAra 400 ghana senTImITara jitanA bar3ha jAtA hai| yadi zvAsa lambA yA gaharA ho to tanupaTa ko 1.5 seMTImITara taka nIce khisakAyA jA sakatA hai| tanupaTa vakSIya guhA evaM udara guhA ke bIca meM sthita rahatA hai| chAtI ke saMkoca aura vistAra ke sAtha isakA bhI saMkoca-vistAra sahaja hotA hai| nAka zvasana taMtra kA praveza dvAra hai| nathunoM meM choTe - bar3e bAla rakSA paMktiyAM hai, jo bhItara praveza karane vAlI havA ke anAvazyaka kaNoM ko Age bar3hane se roka detI hai| nAka kI guhA meM sthita zleSma-jhillI havA ko AI aura garma banAtI hai aura sUkSma kaNa yA kITANuoM ko bhI rokatI hai| grasanI muMha evaM kaMTha ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI hai| zvAsa-praNAla kaMTha ke nIce se prAraMbha hokara chAtI taka pahuMcatI hai| yaha 11 seMTImITara lambI hotI hai| zvAsa nirantara calanevAlI anaicchika kriyA hai| sAmAnyata: vyakti eka minaTa meM lagabhaga 14 se 20 zvAsocchvAsa letA hai| kintu tApamAna kI nyunAdhikatA, darda, bhAvanAtmaka preraNA, vaya Adi kucha aise kAraNa hai, jinameM zvAsa kI sAmAnya gati meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| zvAsa ke dvArA prANavAyu phuphphusa taka pahuMcatI hai| rakta vAhiniyAM, zirAeM aura dhamaniyAM phephar3oM se jur3I huI hai| ve prANavAyu ko grahaNa kara letI hai aura kArbana DAyoksAIDa chor3a detI hai| yaha vinimaya kArya satat cAlU rahatA hai| sAmAnya zvasana-kriyA ke atirikta anya aneka prativarta sahaja kriyAoM ke daurAna hamAre zvasana-pathoM kA upayoga hotA hai| khAMsanA aura chIMkanA-ye donoM rakSaNAtmaka prativarta-sahaja kriyAeM haiM, jinase zvasana-pathoM kI saphAI hotI haiN| pAcanataMtra- yaha zarIra kA rAsAyanika taMtra hai|55(gh) zarIra ke liye Avazyaka poSaka dravyoM kA utpAdana yahIM hotA hai| isa nirmANa meM jisa UrjA kI khapata hotI hai, usakI ApUrti ke liye bhojana Avazyaka hai| 342 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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bhojana kI pAcana kriyA jisa avayava se hotI hai, use bhojana - praNAlI kahate haiN| isakA prathama praveza dvAra hai - muNh| muMha eka prakAra kI guhA haiN| jIbha, dAMta, lAra-graMthiyAM tInoM usameM madadagAra haiN| dAMta bhojana ko choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM vibhAjita kara pIsate hai| lAra-graMthiyAM lAra-rasa bhojana meM milAkara bhojana kI rAsAyanika kriyA evaM pAcana meM yogadAna detI hai| __ bhojana jaba annanalI ke mAdhyama se AmAzaya meM jAtA hai, vahAM taka pahuMcane meM annanalI ke saMkucana aura vistaraNa kI kriyA hotI hai| AmAzaya meM pepsina aura renIna jaise pAcaka rasa bhojana meM milate haiN| renIna dUdha ko jamAkara usake Thosa bhAga ko alaga karatA hai| pepsina proTIna ke pAcana meM kriyA karatA hai| AmAzayika rasa kA utpAdana satat hotA rahatA hai cAhe AmAzaya khAlI ho yA bharA huaa| AmAzaya kI AkRti bar3e khokhale thaile kI taraha hai isakI lambAI karIba 22 seNTImITara hotI hai| usameM bhojana bharane kI kSamatA 1.5 se 2 lITara taka mAnI jAtI hai| tIna se pAMca ghaNToM taka bhojana usameM par3A rahatA hai| usake bAda ardhapravAhI pakvAzaya meM calA jAtA hai| choTI AMta- choTI AMta bhojana praNAlI kA cauthA avasthAna hai| vaha 7 mITara lambI hai| prAraMbha kA 9 iMca jitanA bhAga pakvAzaya kahalAtA hai| pakvAzaya ke bAda 7 se 8 phuTa lambA bhAga madhyAMtra hai aura 15 se 16 phuTa lambe vibhAga ko zeSAMtra kahate haiN| pAcana kriyA meM pakvAzaya kA atyadhika mahattva hai|56(k) ___ madhyAMtra choTI AMta kA 2/5 vAM bhAga hai, isase adhika bhAga zeSAMtra kA hai| proTIna, kArbohAiDreTsa, vasA kA jejUnama aura iliyama se gujarate samaya zoSaNa ho jAtA hai| lavaNa, khanija, kelsiyama, poTeziyama, soDiyama, lohA, phAsphorasa, AyoDIna, viTAmina Adi mukhya tattva bhojana se prApta hote haiN| viTAmina kA zoSaNa sAmAnyataH choTI AMta dvArA hotA hai tathA lavaNa aura pAnI kA zoSaNa bar3I AMta meN| bar3I AMta- choTI AMta meM AhAra kA sAra tattva kozikAoM dvArA zoSita ho jAtA hai, avaziSTa hai vaha bar3I AMtaM meM jAtA hai| bar3I AMta sarvottama gaTara vyavasthA hai| apaziSTa meM 60% pAnI aura kSAra tattva hote haiN| bar3I AMta kA kArya pAnI evaM lavaNa kA zoSaNa tathA mala kA visarjana karanA hai| bar3I AMta kA prathama bhAga UrdhvagAmI kahalAtA hai| anta kA bhAga malAzaya hai, jahAM se mala kA visarjana hotA hai| mala visarjana kI kriyA meM vilamba ho jAye to malAzaya kI dIvAra mala meM upasthita pAnI evaM anya taralAMza kA kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 343

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atirikta avazoSaNa kara letI hai jisase mala kaThora ho jAtA hai| isase koSTha baddhatA paidA hotI hai| yakRta tathA pittIya- yaMtra - yakRta pAcana taMtra meM adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 500 rasAyana taiyAra hote haiM / yakRta kA mukhya kArya pitta kA nirmANa karanA hai| yaha pratidina ausatana eka lITara pitta kA srAva karatA hai| usakA saMgraha pittAzaya meM hotA hai| yakRta kI tulanA gAr3I meM lage reDieTara se kI jA sakatI hai| yakRta eka bahiHsrAvI graMthi hai| yadi lIvara paryApta mAtrA meM pitta kA nirmANa na kare tathA usakA pravAha mukta rUpa se pakvAzaya se choTI AMta meM pravAhita na ho to pAcanataMtra meM tejAbI asara bar3ha jAtA hai| zarIra kA tApamAna bhI adhika ho jAtA hai| isase peTa aura annanalI meM jalana mahasUsa hone lagatI hai| phalasvarUpa alsara ho jAtA hai| zarIra ke aneka avayavoM kI kAryadakSatA yakRta para nirbhara hai| klomagraMthi AmAzaya ke ThIka pIche peTa kI pichalI dIvAra se saTI huI hai| zarIra meM sabase bar3I graMthiyoM meM pahalA sthAna lIvara kA hai, dUsarA klomagraMthi kA / yaha pratidina 600 se 800 milIlITara srAva karatI hai / srAva do prakAra ke hai - bahiH srAva, antHsraav| bahi:srAva meM kaI prakAra ke khamIra hote haiM jo sTArca (zvetasAra) tathA proTIna ko pacAne meM upayogI banate haiN| kloma rasa kA eka TrIpsIna nAmaka khamIra bhojana meM sthita proTIna aura pepTona polipepTAiDa tathA emino esiDa meM badalatA hai| dUsarA khamIra sTArca ko zarkarA meM tathA tIsarA khamIra vasA ko pheTI esiDa aura glisarIna meM pariNata karatA hai| klomagranthi ke bhItara choTe-choTe koSa-samUha haiM jinheM leMgarahensa ke dvIpa kahA jAtA hai| klomagraMthi kI anta: srAvI kriyA ke liye leMgarahensa hI jimmedAra hote haiN| inameM do prakAra kI kozikAeM hotI hai- (a) alphA aura (ba) biittaa| bITA insulIna nAma kA antaHsrAva utpanna karatI hai jo glUkaoNja ko glAyakojana meM rUpAntarita kara khUna meM zarkarA kA stara sAmAnya banA detA hai| alphA glUkogona antaHsrAva utpanna kara glAyakojana ko AvazyakatA ke anusAra glokaoNja meM rUpAntarita kara detA hai, rakta meM glukaoNja kA stara bar3hA detA hai| isa prakAra iMsulina aura glUkogona donoM milakara rakta meM meM zarkarA kA stara saMtulita rakhate haiN| mAnava zarIra meM 100 milIgrAma rakta lagabhaga 0.07 se 0.12 grAma glUkoja hotA hai jo jIvana ke liye Avazyaka hai| usakA pramANa 0.14 yA usase adhika ho jAtA hai taba sthiti cintAjanaka bana jAtI hai| usase madhumeha (DAyabiTIja) kI bImArI ho jAtI hai| 56(kha) 344 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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utsarjana taMtra- zarIra meM satata calane vAlI jaiva rAsAyanika prakriyA cayApacaya kriyA ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai| cayApacaya kA artha hai-utpAdana aura visrjn| cayApacaya kriyAoM ke daurAna anAvazyaka evaM hAnikAraka tattva ghana pravAhI tathA vAyu rUpa meM paidA ho jAte haiN| ghana padArthoM kA visarjana malotsarga kI kriyA dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| vAyusvarUpa utpanna kArbana DAyoksAIDa kA ucchvAsa dvArA niSkAsana hotA hai| pravAhI aura nAITrojana yukta dravyoM ko jina aMgoM dvArA dUra kiyA jAtA hai, use utsarjana taMtra kahate haiN| visarjana karane vAle mukhya aMga isa prakAra hai- phuphphusa, tvacA, gurde (kiDanI), mUtra vAhiniyAM, mUtrAzaya, mUtramArga aadi| phuphusIya evaM pAcana-taMtrIya apaziSTa kI carcA pIche kara cuke haiN| ata: yahAM mUtra-praNAlI meM sahayogI gurde Adi ke sambandha meM vimarza kara rahe haiN| zarIra meM sema ke bIja ke AkAra vAle gurdo kA yugma hotA hai| ye sarvAdhika zramazIla avayava haiN| pratidina 175 lITara pAnI inase gujaratA hai| usase viSaile tattvoM ko chAnA jAtA hai| isa kriyA se lagabhaga 1.5 lITara jitanA mUtra banatA hai| mUtrAzaya meM usakA saMgraha hotA hai| mUtra mArga se phira use zarIra se bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai| pratyeka gurde meM 10 lAkha se kama cheda nahIM hote| gurde kA kArya mUtra kA utpAdana aura usake mAdhyama se apaziSTa padArthoM kA niSkAsana karanA hai| zarIra meM eka nizcita mAtrA meM pAnI kA honA jarUrI hai| pAnI ko surakSita rakhane meM utsarjana taMtra kI sahAyatA rahatI hai| mUla jalIya ghola meM 16 pratizata pAnI aura 4 pratizata akArbanIya evaM kArbanika apaziSTa dravya hote haiN| akArbanika dravyoM meM mukhyataH namaka (soDiyama klorAIDa) tathA anya lavaNa hote haiN| kArbanika meM yUriyA, yUrika esiDa, emoniyA Adi pramukha haiN| 1.5 lITara mUtra ke visarjana meM akArbanika apaziSTa 25 grAma evaM kArbanika 35 grAma rahate haiN| guoM ke kAryoM meM avarodha Ane para viSaile apaziSTa padArtha rakta evaM zarIra ke UttakoM meM bar3hakara antataH zarIra ko viSAkta banA dete haiN|56(g) zarIra kI racanA bar3I adbhuta hai| alaga-alaga aMgoM evaM taMtroM meM vividha kAryoM ke liye zrama-vibhAjana vyavasthA naisargika hai| AmAzaya ke pAsa pAcana kA kArya hai, utsarjana taMtra utsarjanA kA dAyitva saMbhAlatA hai| pratyeka aMga apane-apane kArya meM svataMtra hote hue bhI inameM paraspara sAmaJjasya hai| isa vyavasthA meM nAr3I saMsthAna aura antaHsrAvI graMthi-taMtra jimmedAra haiN| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 345

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cayApacaya kriyA - zarIra meM cayApacaya kI kriyA bhI nirantara calatI hai| inakA svarUpa bhI nimnAnusAra jJAtavya hai apacayAtmaka abhikriyAeM- ina kriyAoM ke daurAna kozikAoM meM praviSTa sUkSma dravyoM ko sUkSmatara tattvoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai athavA unake oNksIkaraNa ke dvArA unameM saMgrahita rAsAyanika UrjA ko mukta kiyA jAtA hai| cayAtmaka abhikriyAeM- ina kriyAoM meM kozikAoM ke bhItara praviSTa sUkSma dravyoM kA saMzleSaNa kara zarIra ke mUlabhUta rasAyanoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai| kozikAoM meM ye donoM vizleSaNAtmaka evaM saMzleSAtmaka abhikriyAoM kI samagratA hI 'cayApacaya' hai| cayApacaya kriyA kI tulanA moTara se kara sakate haiN| moTara peTrola se calatI hai| peTrola UrjA utpAdana karatA hai| moTara kI gati meM UrjA kA vyaya hotA hai kintu sAilensara ke dhuAM ugalane para apekSAkRta zakti kA adhika vyaya hotA hai / cayApacaya kI yahI sthiti hai| yaha kriyA bar3I jaTila hai| kucha graMthiyAM jaise- sveda - graMthi, lAra graMthi Adi jina srAvoM kA utpAdana karatI hai ve nalikAoM ke mAdhyama se pravAhita hote haiM aura utpAdana - sthAna ke nikaTavartI sthAnoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| aisI graMthiyoM ko bahiHsrAva graMthi kahate haiN| yakRta, klomagraMthi, gurde bhI isI prakAra kI graMthiyAM haiN| graMthi kA nirmANa vizeSa prakAra kI kozikAoM ke samUha se hotA hai| pratyeka graMthi eka rAsAyanika kArakhAne ke samAna hai jinameM eka-eka kozikA rAsAyanika srAvoM ke utpAdana kA kArya karatI hai| antaHsrAvI granthi taMtra aura usakI kriyAeM antaHsrAvI graMthiyAM nalikAvihIna hotI haiN| unake srAva sIdhe rakta pravAha meM chor3e jAte haiM jo pUre zarIra meM pravAhita hote haiN| ina srAvoM kA vyakti kI zArIrika kriyAoM, manodazAoM, vyavahAra, AcaraNoM para prabhAva par3atA hai| mukhya antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM kA prekSAdhyAna, haThayoga aura zarIra vijJAna kI dRSTi sthAna nimnAnusAra hai-- 56 (gha) antaHsrAvI graMthiyAM kendra pIniyala jyotikendra picyuTarI darzana kendra thAirAiDa pairAthAirAiDa vizuddhi kendra 346 cakra sahasrAra cakra AjJA cakra vizuddhi cakra sthAna lalATa ke madhya bhRkuTiyoM ke madhya kaNTha ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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thAyamasa Ananda kendra anAhata cakra hRdaya eDrInala taijas kendra maNipura cakra nAbhi gonADsa (nAbhi cakra) svAsthya kendra svAdhiSThAna cakra peDU gonADa zakti kendra mUlAdhAra cakra pRSTha rajju ke nIce kA chora ina graMthiyoM ke srAva jaiva rAsAyanika-yaugika ke rUpa meM hote hai| srAva ko grIka bhASA meM hArmona kahate haiN| hArmona kA artha hai- maiM uttejita karatA huuN| alpamAtrika srAva bhI adhika prabhAvI hote haiN| cayApacaya, vRddhi, prajanana, rUpAntaraNa, kAma - pravRtiyAM, jala - niyamana Adi mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA niyaMtraNa karane kA dAyitva inhIM srAvoM para hotA hai| antaHsrAvI granthiyoM kA svarUpa aura kArya isa prakAra hai pIniyala graMthi- isa graMthi kA sthAna mastiSka ke madhya meM hotA hai| paridhigata svata: saMcAlita nAr3ItaMtra ke sAtha isakA sambandha hai| isase honevAlA srAva anya graMthiyoM ke srAvoM kA niyamana karatA hai, soDiyama, poTeziyama aura pAnI ke pramANa ko saMtulita rakhatA hai| yaha AkAra meM gehUM ke dAne jitanI aura vajana meM eka grAma se bhI kama hai| yaha graMthi yadi apanA kArya na kare to pratibhA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, raktacApa bar3ha jAtA hai, samaya se pUrva kAma-vRtti kA udreka ho jAtA hai, mastiSkIya merUjala ke paribhramaNa para niyaMtraNa nahIM rhtaa| jIvana ke prAraMbhika do-tIna varSoM meM zizu ke vikAsa kA dAyitva isI para hai| isa prakAra bhautika aura mAnasika vikAsa ko vyavasthita rakhane meM isakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| picyuTarI graMthi-ise mukhya yA pIyUSa graMthi bhI kahA jAtA hai| anta:srAvI graMthiyoM meM yaha pradhAna hai| sabhI graMthiyoM ko kArya sampAdana kA Adeza yahIM se milatA hai| hamAre manobala, nirNAyaka zakti, smRti aura zravaNa-zakti para bhI isakA niyamana hai| picyUTarI jAgRta hokara vyavasthita kArya kare to vyakti mahAn pratibhAzAlI, prakhyAta lekhaka, kavi, vaijJAnika, dArzanika bana jAtA hai| zarIra ke vikAsa ke liye bhI yaha jimmedAra hai| zarIra kA koI bhI aMga isake prabhAva se vaMcita nahIM hai| maTara ke dAne jitanA usakA AkAra do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai- agrakhaNDa aura pRSTha khnndd| pratyeka khaNDa ke apane apane udgama srota, kArya tathA srAva haiN| agrakhaNDa meM hone vAle srAva / (grotha haoNrmona) aura pRSTha khaNDa meM (someTo Tropika haoNrmona) hai jo kArbohAIDreTa ke cayApacaya aura vRddhi para niyaMtraNa karate hai| agrakhaMDa sampUrNa antaHsrAvI taMtra kA niyAmaka hai|57(k) kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 347

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pRSThakhaMDa nAr3ItaMtra kI hI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai| yadi kisI kAraNa se picyUTarI meM kSati ho jAtI hai to usake phalasvarUpa anya antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM kI kAryajA zakti bhI gar3abar3A jAtI hai| nAsikA evaM mastiSka ke nIce ke bhAga meM hone vAle rakta-saMcaraNa ke sAtha isakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| thAirAIDa- yaha graMthi svara yaMtra ke samIpa zvAsanalI ke UparI chora para sthita hai| isakA mahattvapUrNa srAva hai- thaairoksin| thAyaroksina kA srAva eka dina meM eka grAma ke dasaveM hisse jitanA hotA hai| thAirAIDa meM kamI hone para bahuta kama mAtrA meM srAva hotA hai athavA srAva na ho to bAlaka kA zarIra lambA nahIM hotA, aura mastiSka ke koSoM para prabhAva hone se maMda buddhi hotA hai| thAyaroksina kA mUla rasAyana AyoDina hai| bhojana meM AyoDina ucita pramANa meM nahIM milatA taba thAirAIDa graMthi moTI ho jAtI hai| galA phUla kara beDola bana jAtA hai| thAiroksina kI anupasthiti se zarIra kI jaivika kriyAeM bahuta zithila ho jAtI haiN| nAr3I kI gati maMda ho jAtI hai| rakta ke AyoDina yukta kaNoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane kI isa graMthi meM vizeSa kSamatA hai| bhaya, krodha Adi saMvegoM meM isakA srAva asaMtulita ho jAtA hai| rAsAyanika saMracanA meM asAmAnya parivartana bhI gaMbhIra pariNAma paidA kara detA hai| yaha mastiSka aura prajanana ke avayavoM ke bIca eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I kA kArya karatI hai| isa graMthi ko vipula mAtrA meM rakta kI ApUrti kI jAtI hai| thAirAIDa zarIra meM UrjA utpAdana kA mukhya avayava hai| isake srAva zarIragata viSoM kA pratikAra karate haiM aura mastiSka ke saMtulana ko banAye rakhate haiN| pairAthAirAIDa graMthi- thAirAIDa ke pRSThabhAga meM avasthita yaha cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isake srAva ko 'perAthormona' kahate haiN| yaha granthi zarIra meM kelsiyama aura phAsphorasa ke cayApacaya kA niyaMtraNa tathA vijAtIya tattvoM kA niSkAsana bhI karatA hai| Atma-saMyama, saMtulita svabhAva, hRdaya kI pavitratA, prema, sadbhAva, ucca-vicAra jaise mAnavIya guNoM ke vikAsa meM isakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| viTAmina DI kI paryApta mAtrA meM ApUrti hone para isake srAva vyavasthita kArya karate hai|57(kh) thAyamasa graMthi- yaha graMthi chAtI ke madhya meM hRdaya se thor3I sI Upara kI ora hotI hai| isakA raMga bhUrA hotA hai| zizuvaya meM zArIrika- vikAsa kA niyaMtraNa thAyamasa karatI hai| 13 varSa kI Ayu taka vikAsa kA adhikatara aMza pUrNa ho jAtA hai| isakA mahattvapUrNa kArya hai-kAma-graMthi ko sakriya na hone denA, jisase yauvanAvasthA ke unmAdoM 348 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kA nirodha hotA rahatA haiN| mastiSka ke samyag - vikAsa meM bhI isakI sahAyatA rahatI hai| vRddhAvasthA meM isakI kAryakSamatA kama ho jAtI hai| thAyamasa aura piniyala graMthi ke srAva samAna rUpa se kArya karate haiN| eDrInala graMthi- yaha graMthi zarIra ke agni tattva kA niyamana karatI hai| eDrInala kA niyAmaka picyuTarI kA antaHsrAva (ACTH / eDrInokorTikoTropika hArmona) hai| hAIpothelemasa kA srAva prolokTana inhIviTIMga hArmona mAtRtva prApta hone se pUrva dUdha ke srAva ko rokatA hai| eDrInala graMthiyAM jor3e ke rUpa meM dAyeM-bAyeM avasthita haiN| anya sabhI graMthiyoM kI apekSA sabase adhika srAva eDrInala karatI hai| yaha karIba tIna darjana prakAra ke srAva karatI hai, jinameM aneka srAva jIvana ke liye anivArya hote haiN| yaha yakRta, lIvara, gaoNlablaDara, pAcana, rasa tathA pitta ke nirmANa kAryoM meM saMtulana banAye rakhatI hai| isake do prakAra haiM- (a) eDrInala kArTeksa aura (ba) eDrInala meddyuulaa|57(g) graMthi ke UparI bhAga meM sthita-graMthi ko eDrInala kArTeksa kahate hai| isase tIna prakAra ke srAva nikalate haiN| inakA saMyukta nAma hai 'aiDrInokorTikala haarmons| kArTeksa ke srAva mastiSka tathA prajanana-avayavoM ke svastha vikAsa ko prerita karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| inase mAnasika ekAgratA tathA zArIrika sahanazIlatA kA vikAsa bar3hatA hai| mastiSka aura eDrInala kArTeksa meM ghaniSTha sambandha hai| mastiSka kA saMtulita vikAsa eDrInala kArTeksa kI svasthatA para nirbhara hai| eDrInala meDyulA eDrInala graMthiyoM ke andara kI tarafa avasthita hai| meDyUlA do mahattvapUrNa hArmonsa kA srAva karatI haiM(a) epInephrIna aura (ba) nora epInephrIna (nora eddrenlin)| bhaya, darda, nimna raktacApa, bhAvanAtmaka udvega Adi sthitiyAM ina hormona ke uttejana meM nimitta banatI haiN| nora epInephrIna snAyavika saMcAra-mAdhyama kA kArya bhI karatA hai| eDrInala meDyulA kA samagra kriyA-kalApa anukampI nAr3I-taMtra se sambandha rakhatA hai| eDrInalina jyoM hI rakta meM praveza karatA hai, nAr3I-taMtra ke tanAva aura zArIrika bala meM asAmAnya vRddhi hotI hai| hRdaya kI dhar3akana, raktacApa aura zarIra meM tApamAna kI vRddhi hotI hai| yakRta meM glAyakojana kA glukoja meM rUpAntaraNa, zvAsanalI ke snAyuoM ke kAryoM meM vega Adi kArya bhI eDrenalina karatA hai| isa prakAra uttejanA, bhaya, krodha Adi kI tIvra sthitiyoM meM eDrenalina saMgrahita karane vAle bhaMDAra rikta ho jAte haiN| eDrInalina ke abhAva meM anirNAyakatA, cintAturatA, rone kI adhika pravRtti bana jAtI hai| kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 349

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gonADsa kAma-granthiyAM- strI aura purUSa ke laigiMka avayavoM ko gonADsa kahate haiN| ye prajanana kI aTUTa zrRMkhalA ko cAlU rakhane kA kArya karate haiM, naI prajotpatti ke bIja paidA karate haiN| gonADsa antaHstrAvI graMthiyoM ke rUpa meM isa prakAra ke hormonsa kA srAva karate haiM jinase strItva aura purUSatva jAgRta rahatA hai| zukrapiNDa ke antaHstrAva ko sAmUhika rUpa se enDrojana kahate hai| unameM mukhya strAva hai TesTosTerona / strI-purUSa ke vyakti aura vyavahAra meM pAye jAne-vAle sAmAnya bhedoM meM TesTosTerona jimmedAra hai| strI kI AvAja surIlI, tvacA meM cikanApana, zArIrikasaundarya kA hetu esTrojana hai| ____dasa-gyAraha varSa kI avasthA meM lar3akI ke zarIra meM sthita jaivika ghar3I ke rUpa pIniyala graMthi se saMketa milane para hAIpothelemasa ke nizcita aMza jAgRta evaM sakriya ho jAte haiN| sAva ke mAdhyama se picyuTarI ke agra khaMDa ko nirdeza bhejA jAtA hai ki vaha taMtu uttejaka srAva (pholikala sTimyUleTiMga hormona) ke srAva ko prAraMbha kare, picyuTarI se yaha srAva DimbAzaya taka pahuMcane para usakI kAryazakti kI sakriyatA se esTrojana kA srAva prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| striyoM kI taraha purUSoM meM bhI picyuTarI ke hormona vRSaNa kI kriyAoM ko niyaMtrita karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| laiMgika parivartana bhI gonADsa ke srAva para nirbhara hai| kAma graMthiyoM ke samyag vikAsa evaM kAryakSamatA dvArA tArUNya surakSita raha sakatA hai| antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM kI sakriyatA yA niSkriyatA se hone vAle prabhAvoM ko saMkSepa meM nimna cArTa ke dvArA bhI samajha sakate haiN|57(gh) sakriyatA niSkriyatA 1) pIniyala- yaha tIsarI AMkha hai| kAma 1. zizuvaya meM kAmavAsanA kI jAgRti, graMthiyoM evaM zarIra meM jala saMtulana raktacApa, pAnI kI vRddhi| rakhatI haiN| 2) picyuTarI : yaha graMthiyoM meM pradhAna hai| 2. bAlaka baunA banatA hai| zarIra sthUla mAnasika aura zArIrika vikAsa ho jAtA hai| vyakti uddaNDa kA sNtuln| asatyabhASI bana jAtA hai| 350 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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3) thAirAIDa : perAthAirAIDa-kelsiyama 3. carbI meM vRddhi,jar3atA,dAMta kI evaM phosphorasa kA saMtulana aura takalIpha, durbalatA, peziyoM meM zArIrika vikAsa kA daayitv| ATe, cNcltaa| 4) thAyamasa : 15 varSa kI avasthA taka 4. bImArI, jar3atA aadi| rogoM se surkssaa| 5) eDrInala : pittAzaya, lIvara, rakta 5. bhIrutA, kAryazakti kI kamI, pitta, kA paribhramaNa, raktacApa aura prANavAyu esIDiTI, sirdrd| kA saMtulana, cAritra nirmaann| 6) gonADsa : zarIra kI garmI aura prajanana 6. prajanana kArya meM kSati, kama yA adhika ke anurUpa srAva,saMtulana, AkarSaNa mAsika, svapna doSa, hastadoSa, zakti para niymn| anAkarSakatA,carbI meM vRddhi Adi isa prakAra zarIra ke niyamana evaM rakSaNa meM anta:srAvI graMthiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yoga kI bhASA meM inheM cakra kahA jAtA hai tathA prekSAdhyAna paddhati meM kendra kahA jAtA hai| antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM ke srAva zarIra aura mana ko karma kI taraha hI prabhAvita karate haiN| graMthiyoM ke srAva kI khoja ne cikitsA jagat meM naI krAMti paidA kI haiN| mAnasa-vizleSaNa aura zArIrika vikAsa kI vidyA ko nayA AyAma diyA hai| nAr3I granthi aura usake kArya __ zarIra ke mukhya rUpa se do niyaMtraka taMtra haiM-nAr3I taMtra aura anta: srAvI graMthi tNtr| donoM taMtroM ke kriyA-kalApoM meM vilakSaNa sAmaJjasya haiN| zarIra taMtra kA saMcAlana donoM ke saMyoga se hotA hai| antaHsrAvI graMthi-taMtra apane kAryoM kA niSpAdana rAsAyanika niyaMtraka srAvoM (hArmona) ke mAdhyama se karatA hai| inake srAva sIdhe rakta meM milakara pUre zarIra meM pravAhita hote haiN| pratyeka graMthi ke srAva hamAre zarIra aura mana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| jisase zArIrika aura mAnasika parivartana bhI hote haiN| vyakti kI vRttiyoM kA mUla srota nAr3I-graMthi taMtra (nyUro eNDokrAina sisTama) hai| Aveza aura Avega kevala kAmanAoM ko utpanna hI nahIM karate balki unakI pUrti ke liye bAdhya bhI karate haiN| vyakti apanI kriyAoM ko saMtulita isaliye kara pAtA kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 351

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haiki hArmonsa usake avayavoM ko gati pradAna karate haiN| aneka prayogoM dvArA yaha jJAta kiyA gayA ki graMthiyoM ko nikAlane para usakI AMgika kriyAeM avaruddha ho jAtI haiN| gonADsa, eDrInala, thAIrAiDa, peMkriyAja, picyuTarI graMthiyoM ke hArmonsa para prayoga karake zarIra vaijJAnika isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki pratyeka hArmonsa kA jIva kI kriyAoM para eka vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai| cUhoM para iMjeksana dvArA hArmonsa kI mAtrA kama yA adhika kI gii| usase cUhoM kI kSamatA evaM daihika kriyAoM meM parivartana ho gyaa| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki srAva ke alpasravaNa yA atizravaNa se jo prabhAva yA lakSaNa prakaTa hote haiM, vyaktitva-nirmANa meM unakA bar3A yoga hai| hamArI vRttiyAM, vAsanAeM, kriyAeM, Avega yA Aveza antaHsrAvI graMthi taMtra kI hI abhivyaktiyAM haiM / graMthi taMtra hI sabhI AdatoM kA udgama sthala hai| nAr3I taMtra meM to ve abhivyakta hotI haiN| 1 nAr3I taMtra meM mukhya kArya cAra haiM- 58 (a) saMjJApana - sUcanA ko vAtAvaraNa se tathA zarIra ke andara se prApta kara use mastiSka taka pahuMcAnA evaM mastiSka se punaH zarIra taka saMdeza bhejnaa| (ba) samanvaya zarIra kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko niyaMtrita karanA, jisase vyavahAra samanvita ho ske| (sa) saMcayana- anubhavoM kA saMcayana karanA, jisase bAda meM bhI ve kArya ke AdhAra bana ske| (da) kAryayojana - bhaviSya ke kAryoM kI yojanA bnaanaa| saMvegAtmaka vyavahAra manovijJAna meM saMvega kA AdhAra sva cAlita taMtrikA taMtra tathA vibhinna antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM ke srAvoM ko mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se saMvega kI vyAkhyA tIna rUpoM meM kI jA sakatI hai 352 (1) saMvega eka cetana avasthA ke rUpa meM (2) saMvega vyavahAra ke rUpa meM (3) saMvegIya anubhava 1. vibhinna dArzanikoM evaM manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra bAhya ghaTanAoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna prakAra kI jAgRta avasthAeM cetana avasthAoM ke kAraNa hotI haiN| ye cetana avasthAeM hI saMvega kahalAtI haiN| 2. saMvega meM vibhinna prakAra ke vyavahAra zAmila haiM- jaise muskarAnA, haMsanA, cillAnA, bhAganA, zvAsa lenA aadi| inake atirikta mAnava yA pazu meM kucha sva saMcAlita vyavahAra saMvega ke kAraNa hote haiN| udAharaNa ke lie bhaya ke samaya rakta-cApa aura cInI kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai| saMvega kI avasthA meM graMthiyoM kA srAva bar3hanA yA kama honA sva saMcAlita saMvegIya pratikriyAoM ke udAharaNa haiN| 3. saMvegIya anubhava, jaise bhaya, uttejanA Adi itanI jaTila kriyAeM hotI hai ki inako zArIrika AdhAra para samajhanA kaThina hai| aise anubhava aMtaHsrAvI graMthiyoM ke prabhAva se hI hote haiN| 5 prAraMbha meM saMvegoM meM daihika tathyoM kA vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| kintu naye anveSaNa se isa viSaya meM naye tathya sAmane Aye hai| kainana tathA vArDa jaise manovaijJAnika jahAM saMvega kA mukhya sthAna thelemasa svIkAra karate haiM, vahAM jemsa aura lAMge ke mata se saMvegoM kA kAraNa paripherala tattva hai| ___ saMvega se mAnasika aura zArIrika parivartana hone lagate haiN| kintu prazna yaha hai ki pahale kisa para prabhAva hotA haiM ? isa nizcaya taka pahuMcane ke liye saMvega ke kaI siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gyaa| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki saMvega kA prabhAva pahale mAnasika kriyAoM para par3atA hai tatpazcAt zArIrika kriyAoM pr| kintu isakI puSTi meM paryApta sAkSya nahIM milte| saMvegAtmaka vyavahAra ke lie jimmedAra mukhya zArIrika evaM snAyavika aMga nimnAnusAra haiN| inake svarUpa kAryoM aura prabhAvoM kI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai (1) anta: srAvI graMthiyAM (Enodocrine Glands) (2) svacAlita taMtrikA taMtra (Autonomous Nervous System) (3) meDulA (Mudulla) (4) madhya-mastiSka (Mid Brain) (5) laghu-mastiSka (Hypothalamus) (6) cetaka (Thalamus) (7) bhAvanAtaMtra (Limbic System) (8) pramastiSka kArTeksa (Cerebral Cortex) kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 353

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(9) hipo kaimpasa (Hippocampus) (10) daihika tathA Antarika saMsthAna (Somatic and Visceral System) jAgRta avasthA ho yA nidrAvasthA zarIra ke pratyeka aMga sakriya rahate haiN| koI bhI kriyA kisI bhI avasthA meM rukatI nahIM hai| isa prakriyA ko kriyAlaya kahate haiN| aneka prayogoM se pramANita ho cukA hai ki vibhinna zArIrika AvazyakatAoM,abhipreraNAoM kA sambandha jIva kI zArIrika kriyAoM se hotA hai| zArIrika kriyAoM aura saMvega meM bhI paraspara saMbaMdha hai| isa saMdarbha meM cUhoM para prayoga kara niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki cUhe ko bhojana ke liye jaba svataMtra rUpa se chor3a diyA jAtA hai to usakI bhojana kriyA aura AMgika kriyAoM meM layAtmaka tAlamela banA rahatA hai| isa prakAra AMgika kriyAoM kA sambandha jIva kI AvazyakatAoM, abhipreraNAoM aura una AdhAroM se hai jinase vaha apane vyAvahArika saMtulana ko banAye rakhatA hai| AvegoM ke kAraNa zArIrika kriyAoM meM rAsAyanika parivartana hotA hai| zarIra meM hone vAlI kriyAoM, pratikriyAoM ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke parivartana bhI dRSTi gocara hote haiN| jainadarzana kI dRSTi se ina graMthiyoM ke srAva bhI mUla kAraNa nahIM hai| mUla kAraNa kArmaNa zarIra hai| kArmaNa zarIra sUkSma hai| graMthiyoM ke strAva karma-zarIra kI tulanA meM sthUla hai| graMthi-vijJAna aura karma-vijJAna kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana donoM meM kAphI sAmyatA prastuta karatA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma kA udaya evaM kSayopazama jJAna ke hrAsa-vikAsa meM nimitta banatA hai| pIniyala tathA picyuTarI graMthi ke asaMtulita srAva ko udaya aura saMtulita avasthA ko kSayopazama kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| thAIrAiDa kA sambandha zarIra kI racanA se hai| karma-siddhAMta meM nAma-karma kA sambandha bhI zarIra se haiN| gonAD, eDrInala-graMthi mohanIya karma kI prakRttiyoM ke udaya se nikaTatA rakhatI hai| mohanIyakarma ke upabheda-kAma, krodha, bhaya, lobha Adi saMvegoM ke udaya se bhAvoM meM parivartana hotA hai| graMthi-vijJAna meM bhI srAvoM se mAnasika evaM daihika parivartana hotA hai| zarIra ke kriyAtaMtra, vicArataMtra, nAr3ItaMtra kA parizodhana kara graMthiyoM ke srAvoM ko badalA jA sakatA haiN| vaijJAnika kAraNa- kArya siddhAMta kI taraha jaina darzana meM bhI karma siddhAMta ke antargata kriyA aura pratikriyA ke aTUTa sambandhoM kI samucita vyAkhyA hai| 354 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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karma kriyA kI pratikriyA hai| karmavAda AdhAra kriyA hai| kriyA ke abhAva meM karma kA astitva saMbhava nhiiN| mImAMsIya siddhAMta kA AdhArabhUta prazna - kriyA kyA hai ? kriyA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? kriyAeM kisa prakAra kArya karatI hai ? yadyapi kriyA ke varNana ko adhikAdhika vistRta kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathApi zArIrika kriyAoM ke saMdarbha meM kriyA ke kucha AyAma hI prAsaMgika pratIta hote haiM, jinakA yatkiJcit vivecana prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| manovijJAna meM zarIra-racanA aura usakA prabhAva manovaijJAnikoM ne vyakti kI cittavRtti aura zArIrika racanA dekhakara usake svabhAva kI vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM jarmana manocikitsaka krezamara61 evaM kolambiyA vizvavidyAlaya ke prAdhyApaka zailDana 62 kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| zarIra kI racanA evaM vyaktitva meM kyA sambandha hai ? isa viSaya meM zailDana kA abhimata hai ki zarIra-racanA meM mukhya tIna tattva haiM- jaThara, snAyu, jnyaankendr| tInoM meM jo jisa rUpa meM kriyAzIla hotA hai, usI prakAra kA vyaktitva bana jAtA hai| zarIra racanA ke tIna prakAra haiM-63 unake mata se zarIra racanA ke sAtha svabhAva kA saMbaMdha nimnAMkita cArTa se saMkSepa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| krezamara : zArIrika racanA aura svabhAva nAma zarIra - racanA svabhAva meda pradhAna zarIra sthUla, golAkAra, milanasAra, ArAma priya,bAta meM rasa, vasAyukta, choTA kada bahirmukhatA snAyu pradhAna pramANayukta zArIrika sAhasI, nIDara.prazAsana meM gaThana sudRr3ha snAyu saMpanna kuzala,samAyojana dakSatA asthi lambA zarIra, nirbala, laganazIla, ciMtanazIla, asahiSNu, patalA __ Alocaka, antarmukhatA mizra pradhAna zarIra ke aMga pramANopeta akkaDapana, vyavahAra kuzalatA se rahita, na ho ber3ola ho, svArthI vaisA zarIra pradhAna kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 355

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nAma zailDana : zArIrika racanA aura svabhAva zarIra - racanA svabhAva bAhyastara pradhAna zarIra gola-maTola, viseroTonika-ArAma priya, pyAra kA choTA kada vikRta icchuka, parAvalambI, khAne kA zaukIna pAcana taMtra madhyastara pradhAna zarIra vikasita, someToTonika- kriyAzIla sAhasika, snAyu sudRr3ha, suDaula karmaTha adhikAra-priya, AkrAmaka antastara pradhAna lambA, patalA zarIra, serIbroTonika- saMvedanazIla ekAntapriya, sudRr3ha snAyu vAlA saMkocI,atizrama se thakAvaTa mahasUsa karane vaalaa| zailDana ne zarIra racanA aura vyaktitva ke sambandha kI carcA kii| anekoM upAyoM ke dvArA svAsthya aura zarIra ke AkAra meM parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| DaoN sTenara ne manuSya ke bhItara cAra zarIroM kA nivAsa mAnA hai|64 (1) bhautika zarIra (Physical Body) (2) kAraNa zarIra (Ethric Body) (3) sUkSma zarIra (Astral Body) (4) adsa zarIra (Id) jIva kI sAta sthitiyAM bhI batalAI haiN|65 (1) bhautika zarIra : Physical Body (2) kAraNa zarIra : Ethric Body (3) sUkSma zarIra Astral Body (4) mAnasika zarIra Mental Body (5) cetana zarIra Spiritual Body (6) divya zarIra Cosmic Body (7) jIvana mukta zarIra Body Less Body 356 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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sAta zarIroM ke apane-apane kArya aura prabhAva hai| bhautika (sthUla) zarIra janmajAta hai tathA indriya gamya hai, kAraNa zarIra sUkSma hai, kintu vaha karma prabhAvazAlI nahIM hai| kalA, saundarya, vijJAna, kalpanA, vaicArika evaM AdhyAtmika krAMti, mAnasa zarIra ke avadAna hai, isa adhyAya meM hamane vizeSa rUpa se jaina sammata zarIra-racanA aura zarIra ke kriyA-kalApoM ke sAtha-sAtha vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM zarIra-racanA aura zArIrika kriyA - kalApoM kA adhyayana bhI kiyaa| kriyA ke AdhyAtmika aura vaijJAnika svarUpa ke bAre meM adhyayana se kahA jA sakatA hai-vijJAna meM kevala sthUla zarIra kA hI adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, isake kAraNabhUta anya zarIroM ke viSaya meM anusaMdhAna kI abhI AvazyakatA hai| vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke isa samanvita adhyayana se zarIra ke sUkSma rahasyoM ke avabodha ke sAtha bhAva jagata ke sUkSma prakaMpanoM ko bhI par3ha sake, bhAva jagat meM paidA hone vAle spaMdana ahiMsA kI, saMvedanazIlatA kI cetanA ko jAgRta kara sake, yahI sArthakatA kI dizA hogii| saMdarbha-sUcI 1. sarvArthasiddhi; 2/33,36. 2. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA; 7/25 3. anuyogadvAra hAribhadrIya vRtti; pR. 87 4. anuyogadvAra hAribhadrIya vRtti; pR. 87 5. anuyogadvAra hAribhadrIya vRtti; pR. 87 6. (ka) anuyogadvAra hAribhadrIya vRtti;; pR. 87 (kha) sarvArtha siddhi; 2/45/197,yad garbhajaM yacca jaM saMmUrchajaM tatsarvamaudArikaM draSTavyaM 7. tattvArtha bhASya; 2/49 8. tattvArtha bhASya, TIkA; 2/48 9. gommaTasAra jIva kANDa; gA. 232 10. dhavalA; 1,1-56.293-3 (Aharati AtmasAtkaroti sUkSmAnarthAneneti AhAraH) 11. tattvArtha sUtra bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA; 2/49 pR. 209 12. jainendra siddhAMta koza-bhA.1; pR. 296 13. tattvArtha sUtra; 2/49 14. jainendra siddhAMta koza bhA.1; pR. 296 kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 357

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15. tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 2/49 pR. 153 16. anuyoga dvAra cUrNi; pR. 6 17. tattvArtha sUtra; 2/49 18. tattvArtha bhASya ; 2/37 19. jainendra siddhAMta koza, bhAga 2 ; pR. 75 20. sarvArthasiddhi; 2.60.191.9 21. anuyogadvAra maladhArIya vRtti; pR. 181 22. jaina dharma jIvana aura jagat ; pR. 48-49 22. (kha) jainadharma jIvana aura jagat 49 23. bhagavatI vRtti ; 1/224 asthi saMcaya rUpaM ca saMhananamucyate iti| 24. samavAo; 190 25. jainendra siddhAMta koza, bhA. 4 ; pR. 156 26. bhagavatI; 1/24 27. bhikSu Agama viSaya koza; pR. 666-667 28. prekSAdhyAna siddhAMta aura prayoga; pR. 93 29. sthAnAMga; 6/30 30. (ka) sthAnAMga; 6/31 (kha) tattvArtha rAjavArtika; 576,577 (ga) bhagavaI;1/9 (gha) dhavalA; bhAga-5,pR.13 sU. 107pR. 365 uddhRta - bhagavaI bhASya khaNDa, 1, pR. 15 31. paMcadazI; 3/1/11 32. sAMkhyakArikA, 39-40 saMsarati nirupabhogaM bhAvairadhivAsitaM liNgm| 33. vedAntasAra; pR. 35 34. vahI; 35. bhagavatI TIkA; pR. 134-135 36. bhagavatI bhASya; 1/350-360 37. vahI; 38. aSTAMga-hRdaya, (zarIra sthAna), 3/4-5 39. caraka saMhitA, (zarIra sthAna), 3/6-7 358 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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40. aSTAMga-hRdaya, 1 - 49 - 53 41. vahI; 1 - 54 - 64 42. bhagavatI ArAdhanA; 1007 - 1010 43. Human Anotomy and Physiology 44. taMdula vaicArika prakIrNaka; sU. 2 45. jaMtu kozikA; pR. 3 46. prekSAdhyAna : zarIra vijJAna, pR. 29 47. (ka) zarIra lakSI manovijJAna (kha) prekSA dhyAna : zarIra - vijJAna, pR. 29 48. (ka) jIva vijJAna dhoraNa 12 (kha) vijJAna pragati, pR. 39-40, maI 1995 (ga) vahI, pR. 30 (gha) vahI, pR. 34 49. karmagraMtha; 1/31-32 (ka) zarIralakSI manovijJAna (kha) jIva vijJAna dhoraNa kakSA- 12 50. prAraMbhika manovijJAna; pR. 317-325 51. sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 221 52. sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 221 - 224 53. vahI; pR. 225 54. (ka) prekSAdhyAna : zarIra vijJAna, pR. 40 (kha) jIva vijJAna dhoraNa ; 12 prekSAdhyAna : zarIra vijJAna, pR. 43 vahI, pR. 48 vahI, pR. 58-63 55. (ka) jIva vijJAna dhoraNa ; 12, pR. 50 (kha) prekSAdhyAna - zarIra vijJAna, pR. 43 (ga) taMdurastI tamArA hAtha mAM, pR. 40 56. (ka) taMdurastI tamArA hAthamAM, saMskaraNa 20 vAM kriyA aura zarIra - vijJAna 359

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(kha) jIva vijJAna, saMskaraNa pAMcavAM, pR. 40 (ga) prekSA dhyAna zarIra vijJAna (gujarAtI), pR. 48 (gha) jIvana vijJAna kI rUparekhA 57. (ka) taMdurastI tamArA hAthamAM (kha) jIva vijJAna - dhoraNa; 12 (ga) zarIra lakSI manovijJAna (gha) prekSAdhyAna zarIra vijJAna, pR. 49 58. lezyA aura manovijJAna; pR. 136 59. zarIra-manovijJAna; pR. 211-212 60. vahI; 215-216 61. vyaktitva ane vyaktitva mApana ; pR. 27 (gujarAtI) 62 vyaktitva ane vyaktitva mApana ; pR. 28 (gujarAtI) 63. salAha manovijJAna; 64. After Life; pR. 193 65. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana; bhAga-1, pR. 86-87 66. AstikatA kI dArzanika evaM vaijJAnika pRSTha bhUmi-92 ___ ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA kriyA 360 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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aSTama adhyAya kriyA aura manovijJAna mAnava jIvana kI pravRttiyoM ke saMcAlana hetu eka kriyAtaMtra hai| usake mukhya tIna aMga hai- zarIra, vANI aura mana / mana kriyA taMtra kA eka hissA hai| yaha karmacArI kI taraha kArya karatA hai / citta cetanA hai / mana jar3a hai / citta aura mana meM mAlika - naukara jaisA sambandha hai| mAlika naukara se jaba cAhe kAma le sakatA hai| naukara kI apanI koI icchA nhiiN| usakA astitva mAlika kI icchA para nirbhara hai| citta meM jaise saMskAra saMcita haiM, mana usI ke anusAra kArya karatA hai / citta ke nirdezoM kI kriyAnviti karanA mana kA pramukha kArya hai| mana sthAyI tattva nahIM, vaha cetanA se sakriya hotA hai| cetanA kA kriyAtmaka astitva hI mana hai| jaina darzana meM mana aura usake kArya indriyAM bAhya padArtha ke sambandha meM paryAlocana kA mAdhyama hai| usa padArtha ke viSaya meM hA-apoha Adi vizeSa vimarza tathA vAcya vAcaka sambandha - jJapti ke liye jisa sAdhana kI apekSA hotI hai usakA nAma hai- mana / mana kI paribhASA 'mananaM manyate anena vA mana:' isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para manana karane vAlA mana hotA hai| jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana hai| manana ke samaya mana hotA hai| manana se pahale yA pIche mana nahIM hotaa|' bhagavatI meM bhI kahA gayA- 'maNijjamANe maNe' 2 arthAt mana eka hai kintu usakI vyAkhyA tIna AdhAroM para kI jA sakatI hai / 3 kriyA aura manovijJAna 361

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1. indriyoM dvArA gRhIta viSayoM meM pravRtta hone se mana indriya sApekSa hai| 2. vaha zabda, rUpa Adi samasta viSayoM ko grahaNa karane se sarvArthagrAhI hai| 3. bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna karatA hai, isaliye traikAlika hai| jaina sAhitya meM mana ke liye kAlikI saMjJA, dIrghakAlikI saMjJA, sampradhAraNa saMjJA, no-indriya, anIndriya aura chaThI indriya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| 4 mana zabda kI apekSA Agama meM 'saMjJA' zabda adhika prayukta huA hai| mana Antarika sAdhana hai, usakA koI niyata AkAra nahIM hai| cakSu Adi indriyoM samAna pratiniyata sthAna, viSaya aura avasthiti kA abhAva hone se ise anIndriya bhI kahA gayA hai| mana ke liye antaHkaraNa tathA anIndriya zabda kA prayoga bhI hotA hai| citta, cetA, hRdaya, svAntaH mAnasa ye saba mana ke paryAyavAcI haiN| abhidharma darzana ke anusAra citta, mana, mAnasa, vijJAna aura hRdaya samAnArthaka haiN| kucha loga mana aura mastiSka ko eka hI svIkAra karate haiM, kintu amerikana manovaijJAnika DaoN. grIna ne AdamI ke bahuta se hisse kATa kara dekheN| vaha yaha jAnakara Azcaryacakita huA ki mastiSka ke hisse kaTa jAne ke bAda bhI mana ke kArya meM kahIM bAdhA utpanna nahIM huii| mana kI kriyA yathAvat cAlU rhii| isase spaSTa huA ki mana aura mastiSka bhinna hai| mana kA svarUpa 7 nyAya, vaizeSika, evaM mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra mana nitya hai, kAraNa rahita hai| nyAya- -vaizeSikoM kA vizvAsa hai ki jIva zubha-azubha jaisA karma karatA hai, mana para vaise saMskAra saMcita hote jAte haiM / prANI jaba deha tyAga karatA hai taba una samasta saMskAroM se yukta mana una sthAnoM taka gati karatA hai, jisa sthAna para use nayA zarIra dhAraNa karanA hai| mana kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka gamana hI cetana kA punarjanma hai| ataH nyAyavaizeSikoM ke abhimata se sthAnAntaraNa jIva kA nahIM, mana kA hotA hai| jaina aura sAMkhya darzana kI taraha ve koI bhI kArmaNa zarIra yA liMga zarIra ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unhoMneM sUkSma zarIra ke sthAna para nitya paramANu rUpa mana ko mAnA hai| unake mata se mana ke gatizIla hone se hI punarjanma kI vyavasthA hotI hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 362

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nyAya-vaizeSikoM ko do kAraNoM se mana kI kalpanA karanI pdd'ii| pahalA kAraNave cetana ko kUTastha nitya mAnate haiN| dUsarA, unake mata meM AtmA vyApaka hai| ata: punarjanma ko siddha karane ke liye zubhAzubha saMskAroM se yukta mana kA sthAnAntaraNa hI jyAdA upayukta hai| sAMkhyayoga aura vedAnta ke AdhAra para mana anitya hai| usakI utpatti ahaMkAra yA avidyA se hotI hai| bauddha darzana mana ko kSaNika svIkAra karatA hai| mana kA astitva mana eka adRzya zakti hai| sAmAnyata: mana ke astitva kA bodha nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake svarUpa ke bAre meM alaga-alaga vicAra dhArAeM dekhane ko milatI hai| usake astitva kI siddhi ke lie nimnokta tarka dekhe jAte haiM annabhaTTa ne sukha Adi kI pratyakSa upalabdhi ko mana kA liMga (cinha) mAnA haiN|' vAtsyAyana bhASyakAra ke abhimata se smRti Adi jJAna bAhya indriyoM se utpanna nahIM hotA tathA viSaya aura indriyoM kI vidyamAnatA meM bhI saMkalanAtmaka jJAna saMbhava nhiiN| isase mana kA astitva svayaM siddha hai|10 ___ nyAya sUtrakAra bhI mAnate haiM ki kisI bhI indriya se eka sAtha aneka jJAna kI utpatti nahIM hotii| ata: ve aneka jJAna kI siddhi ke lie mana kI sattA svIkAra karate haiN|11 jaina darzana ke anusAra saMzaya, pratibhA, svapnajJAna, vitarka, sukha-duHkha, kSamA, icchA Adi mana ke liMga haiN|12 mana kA sthAna mana kA sthAna kahAM hai ? isa saMdarbha meM cAra prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM haiM1. kucha dArzanika paramparAoM ke anusAra mana sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai| 2. kucha yogAcAryoM ke abhimata se mana kA sthAna hRdaya se nIce hai| 3. mana kA sthAna hRdaya kamala hai| hRdaya kamala kI ATha paMkhuDiyAM haiM, vahI mana kA sthAna hai| 4. vartamAna zarIra-zAstra ke abhimata se mana kA sthAna mastiSka hai| nyAya, vaizeSika aura bauddha mata ke anusAra mana kA sthAna hRdaya hai|13 sAMkhya, vedAnta Adi darzanoM meM mana Adi aSTAdaza tattva liMga zarIra kahalAte haiN| unakA sthAna kriyA aura manovijJAna 363

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kevala hRdaya nahIM, sampUrNa sthUla zarIra honA cAhiye kyoMki sUkSma liMga zarIra kA sthAna sampUrNa sthUla zarIra hai|14 mana kA sthAna hadaya hai| isake pakSadhara aneka haiN| isake mUlasrota kI khoja kareM to isakA AdhAra aupaniSadika paramparA meM dikhAI detA hai| chAndogyopaniSad aura kaThopaniSad meM AtmA ko hRdaya guhA meM avasthita mAnA hai|15 dUsarA, mana, citta, svAntaH aura hRdaya ko amarakoza meM ekArthaka mAnA hai| isase bhI ukta avadhAraNA kA janma huA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| yogadarzana meM bhI vijJAnavRttika citta, AtmA tathA paramAtmA kA sthAna hRdaya- brahmapura mAnA gayA hai| brahmapura-puNDarIka AkAra vAle garta ke samAna hai|16 kucha paramparA mana kA sthAna pUrA zarIra mAnatI haiN| yaha mAnyatA bhI sApekSa hai| zarIra ke snAyu- saMsthAna meM jitane bhI viSaya-grAhI snAyu haiM, unakA jAla sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai| isI AdhAra para mana zarIra vyApI siddha hotA hai| mana hRdaya ke nIce hai - yaha bhI kathana sApekSa hai| suSumnA kI eka dhArA kA sambandha hRdaya se hai| isaliye hRdaya ko mana kA kendra mAnanA bhI yukti purassara hai| _ 'yatra pavanastatramanaH' isa prasiddha ukti ke anusAra- jahAM zvAsa hai vahAM mana bhI hai| isa dRSTi se bhI mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra meM siddha hotA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se indriya-paryApti paudgalika zakti hai| vaha sArvajanika hai| yaha pratyeka prANI meM anivAryataH pAI jAtI hai| kintu mana-paryApti kucha viziSTa paMcendriya prANiyoM meM hI pAI jAtI haiN| cintana,manana, smRti Adi mAnasika kriyAeM snAyu maMDala dvArA saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita hotI hai| jo ki mana ke kArya haiN| snAyu kA saMbaMdha mastiSka se hai| mastiSka ke do vibhAma haiM- bRhanmastiSka, lghumstissk| mana kA mukhya kendra bRhanmastiSka hai| bRhanmastiSka meM jo caitanya dhArA prakaTa hotI hai, usameM traikAlika jJAna kI kSamatA hai, usakA nAma mana hai| __ jaina darzana ke anusAra bhAvamana kA sthAna AtmA hai| dravya mana ke saMdarbha meM do abhimata haiN| digambara paramparA meM dravya-mana manovargaNA ke pudgaloM se nirmita hai| usakI AkRti ATha paMkhuDI vAle kamala jaisI hai| vaha vIryAntarAya evaM no-indriyAvaraNa ke kSayopazama tathA nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hotA hai| vaha hRdaya pradezavartI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra manana kAla meM manovargaNA ke pudgaloM kI jo AkRtiyAM banatI haiM, ve ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 364

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hI dravyamana hai| bhAva mana kA sthAna AtmA hI hai| AtmA ke zarIra vyApI hone se bhAvamana bhI zarIra vyApI hai|17 mana kA kAraNa aura parimANa isa saMdarbha meM mukhyata: tIna dArzanika vicAradhArAeM haiM (1) paramANu rUpa- nyAya, vaizeSika evaM mImAMsaka mata se mana paramANu rUpa tathA nitya hai| (2) aNu rUpa- sAMkhya, yoga evaM vedAnta kI dhAraNA meM mana kA parimANa aNu jitanA hai| vaha jar3a hai ata: sAMkhya aura yoga use prAkRtika vikAra mAnate haiN| vedAnta meM mana kA utpatti sthAna mAyA yA avidyA hai| (3) madhyama parimANa- jaina va bauddha cintana ke anusAra mana madhyama parimANa yA deha parimANa hai| bauddha paramparA meM mana vijJAna rUpa hai| ata: cetana hai| pUrvavartI vijJAna usakA kAraNa hai aura pazcAtvartI vijJAna kA vaha kArya hai| jaina darzana kI mana ke bAre meM anekAntika dRSTi hai| usake anusAra mana cetana evaM acetana kI saMyukta pariNati hai| kra. darzana svarUpa parimANa sthAna 1. nyAya nitya paramANu hRdaya 2. vaizeSika nitya paramANu hRdaya 3. mImAMsaka nitya paramANu hRdaya 4. sAMkhya anitya sUkSma zarIra (sthUla zarIra) 5. yoga anitya aNu sUkSma zarIra (sthUla zarIra) 6. vedAnta anitya aNu hRdaya 7. bauddha kSaNika madhyama parimANa hRdaya 8. jaina pariNAmI nitya madhyama parimANa hRdaya mana kA svarUpa aura bhautikavAda bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra mana kA svarUpa nimnAnusAra hai(1) samatA mUlaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra mAnasika kriyAeM svabhAva se hI bhautika haiN| aNu kriyA aura manovijJAna 365

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(2) kAraNAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra mana pudgala kA kArya hai| (3) guNAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra mana pudgala kA guNa hai| mana ke prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra mana ke do prakAra haiM- (1) dravyamana aura (2) bhAvamana / (1) dravyamana - mana kA bhautika pakSa dravya mana hai| cetana pakSa bhAvamana hai| dravyamana manovargaNA ke pudgala - skaMndhoM se nirmita hai| yaha varNa-gaMdha-rasa-sparza yukta hone ke kAraNa paugalika vastuoM ke samAna mUrta hai| sUkSma hone se carma cakSuoM se jJeya nahIM hai / atIndriya jJAna kA viSaya hai| yaha AtmA se bhinna jar3Atmaka hai| 18 (2) bhAvamana - bhAvamana cetanA kA aMza hone se cetana hai / varNAdi paudgalika guNoM hita hone se amUrta hai| atIta, bhaviSya Adi kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna bhAva mana ke dvArA hI hotA hai| 19 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM dravyamana ko paudgalika (manovargaNA) aura bhAva mana ko cintana-manana rUpa kahA hai| bhAva mana cetanA kI hI eka razmi hai| isaliye yaha jIva se sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai aura ise Atmika kahA jAtA hai| 19 (kha) digambara graMtha dhavalA ke anusAra mana svataH no karma hai| pudgala vipAkI aMgopAMga nAma karma ke udaya kI apekSA rakhanevAlA mana dravya mana hai tathA vIryAntarAya aura noindriya karma kSayopazama se jo vizuddhi utpanna hotI hai, vaha bhAva mana hai| 19 (ga) dravyamana aura bhAvamana ke uparyukta svarUpa ke sambandha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| dravyamana kaba banatA hai aura zarIra meM isakA sthAna kahAM hai ? vizeSata: yahI vipratipatti kA viSaya hai| jaina vicAradhArA dravyamana - bhAvamana ke mAdhyama se cetana (AtmA) aura jar3a (karma - paramANuoM) meM paraspara kriyA svIkAra karatI hai| kintu dravyamana, bhAvamana eka dUsare ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karate haiM isa samasyA ke nivAraNa ke tIna upAya haiM 366 1. bhautika aura AdhyAtmika sattAoM meM se kisI eka ke astitva kA niSedha krnaa| 2. unameM eka prakAra kA samAnAntaravAda mAna liyA jaaye| 3. donoM meM kriyA-pratikriyA ko svIkAra kiyA jaaye| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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vaidAntika advaitavAda, bauddha vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda meM tathA sAMkhyadarzana Adi meM jar3a-cetana tathA purUSa aura prakRti ke sambandha kI samasyA khar3I nahIM hotii| kAraNa unameM mana ko mAtra jar3a athavA cetana rUpa mAnA gayA hai, ubhayAtmaka nhiiN| cetana aura jar3a ke madhya sambandha sthApita karane ke liye jaina darzana ne mana kI dravya aura bhAva ubhaya avasthA mAnI hai| mana kI zakti cetanA meM hai| kintu usakA kAryakSetra bhautika jagat hai| mana jar3a-cetana sattA ke bIca saMbaMdha sthApita karane vAlA tattva hai| jaina dRSTikoNa jar3a aura cetana mana meM paraspara kriyA-pratikriyA ko svIkAra karatA hai| paudgalika mana jJAnAtmaka mana kA sahayogI banatA hai| usake binA jJAnAtmaka mana apanA kArya karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| donoM ke saMyoga se mAnasika kriyAeM hotI hai| jJAnAtmaka mana cetana hai| vaha paudgalika mana evaM zarIra kA saMcAlaka hai| vastu kA svaguNa kabhI vastu se pRthak nahIM hotaa| do vastuoM ke yoga se tIsarI vastu nirmita hotI hai, taba unakA guNa bhI mizrita hotA hai| tIsarI vastu ke vighaTita hone para donoM vastuoM ke guNa pRthak hokara svataMtra ho jAte haiN| tejAba meM hAIDrojana, gaMdhaka evaM oNksIjana kA sammizraNa hai| isakA nirmANa karane vAlI mUla dhAtueM alaga kara dI jAye to ve dhAtueM apane mUla guNa ke sAtha hI pAI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra cetanA ke abhAva meM paudgalika mana niSkriya ho jAtA hai| mana kA kArya mana yukta jIvoM ke indriyajanya jJAna meM mana kA sAhacarya hotA hai| mana ke kArya meM indriyoM kA vyApAra hotA bhI hai, nahIM bhI, kintu indriya ke vyApAra meM mana kA vyApAra niyamata: hotA hai| indriya jJAna vArtamAnika evaM anAlocanAtmaka hai jabaki mana kA jJAna traikAlika aura AlocanAtmaka hotA hai| isa AdhAra para mana ke aneka kArya ho jAte hai|20 mukhyataH saMkalpa, vikalpa, nidAna, smRti, jAti smRti, pratyabhijJA, kalpanA, zraddhAna, lezyA, dhyaan| (1) saMkalpa- kalpanA kA saghana rUpa saMkalpa hai| (2) vikalpa- eka viSaya meM aneka prakAra kI kalpanAoM kA honA vikalpa avasthA hai| 'maiM sukhI hUM, maiM duHkhI hUM' kI harSa-viSAdajanita anubhUtiyAM vikalpa kahalAtI haiN| pIr3A kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kI anubhUti bhI vikalpa hai| kriyA aura manovijJAna 367

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(3) nidAna sukha ke liye utkaTa abhilASA yA usake liye prArthanA karanA / (4) smRti - saMskAra ke jAgaraNa se hone vAlA saMvedana smRti hai| hamane kisI vastu yA vyakti ko dekhA, vaha calA gayA / vyakti ke upasthita na rahane para bhI usake saMskAra bane rahate haiN| kAlAntara meM usa prakAra kI koI vastu ko dekhakara pUrvAnubhUta saMskAra jAgRta ho jAte haiM, vaha smRti kahalAtI hai| (5) jAti smRti - pUrva janma kI smRti / pUrva dRSTa, zruta, anubhUta viSayoM kI smRti / zyA kI vizuddhi aura citta kI ekAgratA hone para jAti smRti jJAna utpanna hotA hai| (6) pratyabhijJA - atIta aura vartamAnakAlIna vastu kI ekatA se utpanna jnyaan| - (7) kalpanA icchA aura abhilASA kI abhivykti| mAnasika ruuci| dhyeya ke prati saghana niSThA / ( 8 ) zraddhAna (9) lezyA - bhAvadhArA janita mAnasika pariNAma | ( 10 ) dhyAna - mAnasika ekAgratA / saMkalpa-vikalpoM kI bhIr3a vyagramana kI dena hai / vyagratA kA ekAgratA meM rUpAntarita ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| mana kA kArya - nandisUtra ke cUrNikAra devavAcaka ne dIrghakAlika saMjJA ke chaH kAryoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| prakArAntara se ye mana ke kArya haiN| 21 1 ) IhA - sat padArtha kA paryAlocana / zabda Adi ke artha ke viSaya meM anvaya aura vyatireka dharmoM se vicAra karanA / 2 ) apoha - anvayI dharmoM kA nizcaya karanA / jaise - yaha zabda hai / 3 ) mArgaNA - anvayI dharmoM kA anveSaNa / jaise - yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai| 4) gaveSaNA - vyatireka dharmoM kA svarUpAvalokana | 5) cintA - yaha kArya kaise karanA cAhiye ? kaise huA ? kaise hogA ? Adi kA cintana / 368 6) vimarza - yaha kArya isa prakAra ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra huA hai, athavA isI prakAra hogaa| yaha nirNaya vimarza kahalAtA hai| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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uparyukta kAryoM ke alAvA mana ke mukhya kArya-saMkalpa, vikalpa, smRti, ciMtana aura kalpanA karanA hai| mana indriya dvArA gRhIta viSayoM para cintana karatA hai| usase Age mana indriya jJAna kA pravartaka bhI hai| mana ko sabhI jagaha indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| mana jaba indriya dvArA jJAta rUpa, rasa Adi kA paryAlocana karatA hai, taba hI indriya sApekSa hotA hai| kintu indriyagrAhya viSayoM ke atirikta viSayoM para cintana karatA hai, taba use indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| indriyoM kI gati mAtra padArtha taka hai| mana kI gati padArtha aura indriya donoM taka hai|22 cintana, manana Adi vyApAra mana kI kriyAeM haiN| mana ke atirikta kisI bhI indriya meM ina kriyAoM ko karane kI zakti nhiiN| samajhanA yaha hai ki cintana Adi kriyAeM hamAre zarIra ke kisa bhAga meM hotI hai| zarIra-racanA aura zarIra-kriyA vijJAna ke anusAra spaSTa hai ki inakA AdhArabhUta athavA utpatti sthAna mastiSka hai| sAmAnya kozikAeM evaM mAMsapeziyAM cintana karane meM sakSama nahIM haiN| hRdaya bhI mAMsapezI hai, vaha pampiMga kara sakatI hai, cintana nhiiN| mastiSka meM aise kendra haiM jahAM kalpanA, cintana, nirNaya tathA vibhinna saMvedanAoM kA vizleSaNa hotA hai| cintana kA kendra mastiSka hai| kisI viSaya kA vizeSa cintana karate samaya vyakti apane mastiSka para jora detA hai| usakA hAtha mastiSka kI ora jAtA hai| ina ceSTAoM se mastiSka kI mAnasika kSamatA siddha hotI hai| indriyAM apane-apane pratiniyata viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI hai| unake anubhava mastiSka meM aMkita hote rahate haiN| mana kA kArya gRhIta viSayoM kA nirdhAraNa yA vizleSaNa karanA hai isake atirikta Antarika saMskAra, vRttiyAM aura icchAeM haiN| unakA saMyojana, niyojana, evaM viyojana krnaa| unheM eka vyakti, sthAna, vastu aura kAla se dUsare meM rUpAntarita karanA, saMparka sthApita karanA- ye sArI mAnasika kriyAeM haiN| pataJjalI ke anusAra grahaNa, dhAraNA, Uha, apoha, tatvajJAna, abhiniveza mana ke kArya haiN|23 caraka zAstra meM mana ke pAMca kArya haiM-cintya, vicArya, uhya, dhyeya aura saMkalpa/24 isa prakAra vicAra, smRti aura kalpanA karanA, naye vicAroM kA utpAdana, anumAna karanA Adi sabhI mana ke kArya haiN| mana aura buddhi mana kI nirNAyAtmaka zakti ko buddhi kahA gayA hai| buddhi eka prakAra se mAnasika kriyA aura manovijJAna 369

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vikAsa kI agrima bhUmikA hai| buddhi kA vikAsa jaina dRSTi se cAra staroM para saMbhava haiautpattikI buddhi, vainayikI buddhi, kArmika buddhi, pAraNAmikI buddhi / autpattikI buddhi adRSTa anAlocita evaM azruta artha ko bhI tatkAla yathArtha rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAlI prajJA autpattikI buddhi kahalAtI hai| isameM jJAna evaM nirNaya meM kAlakSepa nahIM hotaa| autpattikI buddhi ko samajhane ke lie aneka dRSTAnta upalabdha haiN| nandI sUtra meM varNita bharata naTa ke putra rohaka kI ghaTanAeM isa sandarbha meM sarvAdhika prasiddha haiN| Avazyaka cUrNi, naMdIsUtra kI cUrNi, nandIvRtti Adi meM autpattikI buddhi ke dRSTAntoM kA savistAra varNana hai| 25 naMdIsUtra meM uparyukta svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA haipUrvamadRSTA'zrutAveditA tatkSaNavizuddhagRhItArthA / avyAhataphalayogA buddhirautpattikI nAma | 26 vainayikI buddhi Atma-saMyama, anuzAsana yA gurU-zuzruSA se utpanna buddhi vainayika buddhi kahalAtI hai| ise paribhASita karate hue likhA hai bhara nittharaNasamatthA, tivaggasutattatthagahiyapeyAlA / ubhayologaphalavaI, viNayasamutthA havai buddhi || 27 uparyukta padya kI vyAkhyA karate hue devavAcaka ne vainayikI buddhi ke tIna lakSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai (1) vainayikI buddhi sampanna vyakti kI cetanA itanI vikasita ho jAtI hai ki kaThinatama kAryoM meM bhI vaha saphalatA hastagata kara letA hai| (2) isa buddhi se sampanna vyakti sUtra evaM artha ke sAra ko saralatA se grahaNa kara letA hai| (3) isa buddhi se sampanna vyakti laukika aura lokottara donoM prakAra ke prayojanoM saphalatA prApta karatA hai| vainayikI buddhi abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa donoM kI sAdhikA hai| kArmikI buddhi abhyAsa ke nairantarya se utpanna buddhi kArmikI hai| kisI bhI kArya ko nitya niyamita rUpa se karane para viziSTa kauzala prApta ho jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 370

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uvaoga diTTha sArA, kamma pasaMga parigholaNa visAlA / sAhukkAra phalavaI, karma samutthA bhavai buddhi || 28 devavAcaka ne karmajA buddhi ke tIna lakSaNa batalAye haiM (1) vivakSita karma ko tanmayatA ke sAtha karanA / bhAvakriyA se karanA / mana, vacana aura zarIra kI ekAgratA se kiye gaye kArya se kauzala prApta hotA hai| (2) nirantara eka hI kArya ke abhyAsa evaM cintana se kArya - dakSatA bar3hatI hai| (3) karmajA buddhi se niSpanna kArya siddha, prazaMsita aura anumodita hotA hai| devavAcaka ne isa saMdarbha me sauvarNika, citrakAra, tantuvAya, bar3haI, kAndavika Adi kA udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| pAriNAmikI buddhi avasthA prApti ke sAtha vyakti meM jo buddhi-pATava utpanna hotA hai, vaha pAriNAmikI buddhi hai| ise paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA aNumANa - heU - diTThatasAhiyA, vayavivAgapariNAmA / hiyaNisseyasaphalavaI, buddhI pariNAmiyA nAma / / 29 devavAcaka ne isake bhI tIna lakSaNa batAye haiM (1) pAriNAmikI buddhi sampanna vyakti kArya siddhi ke liye anumAna, hetu evaM dRSTAnta kA samyak prayoga karanA jAnatA hai| (2) avasthA ke sAtha pAriNAmikI buddhi bhI uttarottara vikasita hotI hai| (3) pAriNAmikI buddhi se abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa tathA unake sAdhanoM ko jAnA jAtA hai| mAnasika vikAsa aura usakI bhUmikAeM prANImAtra meM cetanA samAna hai kintu usake vikAsa meM tAratamya hai| saMjJAtmaka cetanA garbhaja-paMcendriya meM hI hotI hai| cetanA kA nyUnatama vikAsa to ekendriya jIvoM meM bhI hotA hai kintu saghana karmavargaNAoM se AkrAnta evaM styAnarddhi nidrA ke tIvra vipAka se yukta hone ke kAraNa ve nizceSTa prAyaH rahate haiN| unakI jJAna-cetanA itanI avyakta hotI hai ki ve apane iSTa ke liye pravRtti evaM aniSTa ke liye nivRtti meM bhI akSama hote haiN| kriyA aura manovijJAna 371

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dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya meM kramazaH jJAna kI mAtrA bar3hatI hai| ekendriya se caturindriya paryanta jIvoM ke mana hotA hI nhiiN| paMcendriya meM mana garbhaja ke hotA hai| samUrchima manuSya aura tiryazca meM mana kA abhAva hai| kRmi, cIMTI Adi meM sUkSma mana vidyamAna hai| ve hita meM pravRtti, aniSTa meM nivRtti karate haiN| kintu unameM dIrghakAlIna cintana zakti kA abhAva hotA hai| isaliye ve mana rahita mAne jAte haiN| mana yukta prANI nimitta ke yoga se deha-yAtrA ke atirikta pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAvaliyoM kA bhI smaraNa kara sakate haiN| dIrghakAlIna cintana aura karmazakti unameM pAI jAtI hai| ___bAharI duniyAM kA jJAna indriyoM ke dvArA hotA hai| indriyAM usa jJAna ko mastiSka taka pahuMcAtI hai| mastiSka dravya mana taka aura dravya mana bhAva mana taka pahuMcAtA hai| bhAva mana AtmA ko yaha jJAna preSita karatA hai| indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gae saba viSayoM meM mana kI gati hai| mana kA vikAsa kaise ho ? isa saMdarbha meM AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM manovikAsa kI cAra bhUmikAoM tathA AcArya tulasI ne manonuzAsanam meM manovikAsa kI chaha bhUmikAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. mUr3ha 2. vikSipta 3. yAtAyAta 4. zliSTa 5. sulIna 6. niruddha mUDha - mohakarma ke prabala vega meM mana kI sthiti mUr3ha hotI hai| 32 mUDha avasthA meM Asakti aura dveSa bahuta prabala hote haiN| yaha tamoguNa pradhAna avasthA hai| isameM mana kI vRtti bahirmukha rahatI hai| vaha mana bAhya jagat aura paristhiti kA pratibimba grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| vikSipta- vikSipta avasthA meM mana caMcala rahatA hai| yaha rajoguNa pradhAna sthiti hai| isameM vyakti antarmukhI bananA cAhatA hai kintu rajoguNa use vikSipta karatA rahatA hai| prArambha meM kucha samaya ke lie mana kI ekAgratA banatI hai phira vicalita ho jAtA hai| antarnirIkSaNa kI sthiti kA use kisI bhI prakAra kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| yAtAyAta- vikSipta kI agalI bhUmikA yAtAyAta kI hai| isa bhUmikA meM vyakti kA mana antarmukhatA kA anubhava karatA hai kintu lambe samaya taka vaha sthiti banI nahIM rhtii|34 antarnirIkSaNa karate-karate vaha phira bAhara A jAtA hai| itanA avazya hai ki isase antarnirIkSaNa kA baMda dvAra khula jAtA hai| yAtAyAta zabda se hI spaSTa hotA hai ki jisa avasthA meM mana kabhI bAhara kabhI bhItara bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| 372 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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zliSTa- isameM dhyAtA kA dhyeya ke sAtha zleSa ho jAtA hai| kintu ekAtmakatA nahIM hotii| sthira hone se Anandamaya banA huA citta zliSTa kahalAtA hai|35 sulIna - samyak prakAra se lIna honaa|36paaNcviiN bhUmikA meM mana kI sthiratA caramotkarSa para pahuMca jAtI hai| yahAM bhI mana kA astitva yA usakI gati samApta nahIM hotii| hemacandrAcArya ne kahA- samyak prakAra se lIna honA hI nizcala mati hai| jaise pAnI dUdha meM milakara apanA astitva kho detA hai| vaise hI isa bhUmikA meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya eka rUpa bana jAte haiN| yaha avasthA eka hI dina meM prApta nahIM hotii| nirantara prayatna karate rahane se eka na eka dina yaha sthiti avazya prApta ho jAtI hai| niruddha- yahAM mana bAhyAlambanoM se zUnya hokara kevala Atmastha bana jAtA hai|8 chaTThI bhUmikA meM dhyeya kI smRti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| yaha nirAlambana dhyAna yA sahaja caitanya ke udaya kI bhUmikA hai| isameM pratyakSAnubhUti prabala ho jAtI hai| isameM citta kA sthAyI nirodha ho jAtA hai, koI vikalpa yA, kalpanA nahIM, kevala prakAza hai, kevala caitanya hai|39 mana kI pahalI bhUmikA meM mana kA jhukAva bAhara kI ora hotA hai| mana kI dUsarI aura tIsarI meM vikalpa, kalpanAoM kA silasilA cAlU rahatA hai| mana kA AkarSaNa anya vastuoM para hotA hai| phala svarUpa hama sahaja cetanA ke stara para nahIM rhte| cauthIpAMcavIM bhUmikA meM vikalpoM kI bhIr3a kama ho jAtI hai| mana eka vikalpa para sthira ho jAtA hai| usakA prabhAva anta:srAvI graMthiyoM para par3atA hai| phalataH Ananda kI anubhUti adhika hotI hai| antima nirodha kI bhUmikA meM sahaja Ananda ke sAtha sAkSAt saMparka sthApita ho jAtA hai| pUrva bhUmikAoM kI tulanA meM Ananda kI pUrNa anubhUti nirodha kI bhUmikA meM hI hotI hai| pAtaMjala yoga-darzana meM inakA cittavRttiyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| vahAM kSipta, mUDha, vikSipta, ekAgra, niruddha- yaha krama diyA gayA hai| svAmI vivekAnaMda ne kSipta, mUr3ha, vikSipta, ekaagrtaa| ko mAnasika vikAsa ke cAra stara batAe hai| maharSi araviMda ne mAnasika vikAsa, ArohaNa ke cAra prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai|41 1.utkRSTa mana 3. antaH prAjJa mana 2. pradIpta mana 4. Urdhva mana kriyA aura manovijJAna 373

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bauddha darzana meM bhI citta kI cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| 42 1. kAmAvacara 2. rUpAvacara 3. arUpAvacara 4. lokottara kAmAvacara - citta kI vaha avasthA, jisameM kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai, vitarka- vicAroM kA bAhulya va mana bahirmukhI banA rahatA hai| rUpAvacara - isameM vitarka evaM vicAra ke sAtha ekAgratA kA prayatna bhI hotA hai| kintu mana kI ekAgratA kA Alambana sthUla viSaya hI rahatA hai| arUpAvacara - isa bhUmikA meM citta kI vRttiyoM meM sthiratA AtI hai, lekina usakI ekAgratA nirviSaya nahIM hotii| lokottara - yahAM vAsanA - saMskAra, rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA nAza ho jAtA hai| arhat pada evaM nirvANa kI prApti isI bhUmikA se hotI hai| jaina darzana meM varNita vikSipta mana, bauddha darzana kA kAmAvacara evaM yoga darzana kA kSipta aura mUr3ha citta samAnArthaka hai| isa prakAra jaina, bauddha aura yoga darzana meM mana kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke nAma meM antara pratIta hotA hai, mUlabhUta dRSTikoNa meM antara nhiiN| nimnAMkita tAlikA se yaha tathya aura adhika spaSTa ho jAtA hai bauddha jaina vikSipta yAtAyAta zliSTa sulIna mana kI anya tIna avasthAeM 374 kAmAvacara rUpAvacara arUpAvacara lokottara 43 (1) vikSepa ( 2 ) ekAgratA (3) amana yoga kSipta evaM mUr3ha vikSipta ekAgra niruddha vikSepa kI avasthA meM smRtiyoM, kalpanAoM, vicAroM kA sAtatya banA rahatA hai| citta vyagra rahatA hai| vyagratA kI sthiti meM vyakti dhyeya taka nahIM pahuMca paataa| isameM mana kisI eka Alambana para sthira nahIM rhtaa| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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mana kI dUsarI avasthA hai- ekAgratA / kisI eka Alambana - smRti - kalpanA yA viSaya para sthira ho jAnA ekAgratA hai| tIsarI avasthA amana kI hai| isameM mana hI samApta ho jAtA hai, nirvicAra avasthA kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| amana kA artha hai - smRti- - kalpanA Adi se mukta ho jAnA / nirvicAra avasthA meM pahuMca jaanaa| yoga kI bhASA meM mana kI tIna avasthAoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai- ( 1 ) avadhAna, (2) ekAgratA aura (3) dhyAna / manovijJAna bhI isI kA saMvAdI tathya prastuta karatA hai| mana kI tIna avasthAeM hai| 44 (1) avadhAna ( 2 ) ekAgratA yA dhAraNA ( 3 ) dhyAna / mAnasika kriyAeM avadhAna- mana kI kriyA ko kisI vastu ke prati vyApRta karanA, lakSya ke prati jAgRta karanA avadhAna hai| avadhAna do prakAra kA hai - bAhya vastuoM ke prati aura bhItara kI or| avadhAna bhItara meM hotA haiM taba antardRSTi aura prajJA kA udaya hotA hai| Antarika cetanA prakaTa hotI hai| ekAgratA yA dhAraNA yaha avadhAna se Age kI bhUmikA hai| cAroM ora bhramaNazIla mana ko kisI eka vastu yA viSaya para kendrita kara denA ekAgratA hai| dhyAna avadhAna ke bAda ekAgratA aura ekAgratA ke bAda dhyAna hotA hai| kendrIkRta mana kI saghana avasthA dhyAna hai| yahAM lambe samaya taka mana eka Alambana para TikA raha jAtA hai| dhyAna vaha rAjamArga hai jo bahirAtmA se Upara uThAkara antarAtmA meM adhiSThita karatA hai| dhyAna bhItara vidyamAna paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hai| indriyajJAna aura mAnasika kriyA jaina paramparA meM indriyajJAna kI pAMca bhUmikAeM mAnI gaI hai - avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhaarnnaa| indriya ke sAtha mana kA vyApAra arthAvagraha se zurU hotA hai| arthAvagraha indriya aura artha kA sambandha hone para nAma Adi kI vizeSa kalpanA rahita sAmAnya mAtra kriyA aura manovijJAna 375

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kA jJAna hai|45 indriya evaM artha kA bodha sambandha darzana hai| darzana ke anantara vizeSa dharmoM kI pratipatti kA prathama caraNa avagraha hai|46 avagraha meM vastu kI spaSTa pratIti nahIM hotI hai| sthAnAMga naMdIsUtra Adi meM avagraha ke do prakAra upalabdha haiM-47 (1) vyaMjanAgraha (2) aura arthaavgrh| (1) vyaMjanAgraha- indriya aura viSaya ke pArasparika sambandha ko vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiN| yaha arthAvagraha kA pUrvavartI jJAna hai| yaha avyakta hai| viSaya-viSayI kI sannidhi hone para jJAna viSaya kA sAmAnya bodha vyaMjanAvagraha haiN| eka vyakti gaharI nIMda meM soyA hai| use jagAne ke liye bAra-bAra AvAja dI jAtI hai| vaha taba taka nahIM jAgatA jaba taka usakI zrotrendriya dhvani-pudgaloM se bhara na jaaye| isameM asaMkhya samaya laga jAtA hai| asaMkhya samaya vAlA prAthamika sambandha vyaMjanAvagraha hai| isake pazcAt zabda kA sAmAnya bodha hotA hai jise arthAvagraha kahate hai| vyajaMnAvagraha aura arthAvagraha meM yahI antara hai| vyaMjanAvagraha avyakta hai, arthAvagraha vykt| avagraha ke liye prayukta paryAyavAcI mana ke yoga hone para hI saMbhava hai| naMdIsUtra meM avagrahaNatA, upadhAraNatA, zravaNatA, avalaMbanatA aura medhA ina pAMca paryAyoM kA ullekha hai|48 (1) avagrahaNatA- vyaMjanAvagraha kI antarmuhUrta kI sthiti hotI hai| usake pahale samaya meM jo avyakta jhalaka grahaNa kI jAtI hai, use avagrahaNatA kahate haiN| (2) upadhAraNatA- vyaMjanAvagraha ke dvitIya samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samayoM taka honevAlA zabda Adi pudgaloM kA grahaNa karane kA pariNAma upadhAraNa hai| isameM viSaya kI nikaTatA kramaza: bar3hatI jAtI hai| (3) zravaNatA- jo avagraha zrotrendriya dvArA ho, use zravaNatA kahate haiN| isakA kAlamAna avagrahaNa ke samAna eka samaya hai| (4) avalaMbanatA- artha kA grahaNa avalaMbanatA hai| (5) medhA- medhA sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko grahaNa karatI hai| navIna dharma kI jijJAsA hone para puna: puna: navIna dharma kA avagrahaNa karanA medhA kA kArya hai| naMdIsUtra meM prayukta ye pAMcoM ekArthaka nAma avagraha kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ke sUcaka hai| tattvArtha bhASya meM avagraha, graha, grahaNa, Alocana aura avadhAraNa zabdoM kA 376 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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nirdeza hai|49 SaTkhaNDAgama meM avagraha, avadhAna, avalambanA, aura medhA ye zabda avagraha ke liye prayukta hue hai|50 avagraha ke do anya prakAra upalabdha hote haiM- naizcayika aura vyaahaarik| (1) naizciyika avagraha- yaha eka samaya meM honevAlA vastu kA prAthamika avabodha hai| (2) vyAvahArika avagraha-nizcaya ke bAda IhA aura avAya hotA hai| naizcayika avagraha kA avAya rUpa vyavahArika avagraha kA Adi rUpa banatA hai| IhA- IhA kA artha hai-vitrk| 'yaha amuka kA zabda honA cAhiye', aisI vitarkamUlaka jJAna cetanA IhA kahalAtI hai| avagraha ke pazcAt jJAna IhA meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| yahAM spaSTa rUpa se indriyoM ke sAtha mana kA vyApAra jur3a jAtA hai| 'kucha hai' se 'zabda honA cAhiye taka kI jJAna -prakriyA IhA hai| IhA aura saMzaya meM antara hai ? saMzaya meM donoM pakSa samAna hote haiN| jJAna kA jhukAva kisI eka ora nahIM hotaa| IhA meM jJAna eka ora jhuka jAtA hai| IhA meM pUrNa nirNaya yA nizcaya nahIM hotA phira bhI mana kA jhukAva nirNaya kI tarapha avazya hotA hai jabaki saMzaya meM nirNaya kI sthiti banatI hai| dhavalA meM bhI kahA hai ki IhA jJAna saMdeha rUpa nahIM hai|51 aneka arthoM ke Alambana se Andolita cetanA saMzaya hai| jabaki IhA asadbhUta kA tyAga, sadbhUta kA grahaNa karane vAlI jAgRti hai| indriyoM se prApta viSaya para mana kisa prakAra se vimarza karatA hai| isa viSaya meM naMdIsUtra meM isake ekArthaka pAMca nAma batalAye haiN|52 (1) AbhoganatA- avagraha ke pazcAt vizeSa artha kI aalocnaa| (2) mArgaNatA- mArgaNA arthAt khojnaa| AbhoganatA kI agrima bhUmikA hai| (3) gaveSaNA- svabhAvajanya, prayogajanya, nitya-anitya Adi kA ciNtn| (4) ciMtA- anvayI dharmoM kA bAra-bAra ciNtn| (5) vimarza- uparokta cAra avasthAoM se prApta artha kA nitya-anitya Adi dharmoM ke sAtha vimarza krnaa| kriyA aura manovijJAna 377

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tattvArtha bhASya meM IhA, Uha, tarka, parIkSA, vicAraNA aura jijJAsA- ye zabda ekArthaka mAne gaye haiN|53 avAya- avAya nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai| isameM na saMzaya rahatA hai, na sNbhaavnaa| IhA jJAna se jAne gaye padArtha viSayaka saMdeha dUra ho jAnA avAya hai|54 IhA ke dvArA gRhIta padArtha kA nirNaya karanA avAya hai| isa prakAra jaina vAGgamaya meM avAya kI trividha vyAkhyAeM upalabdha hotI hai| naMdIsUtra SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthabhASya meM avAya ke aneka paryAya haiM avAya vyavasAya buddhi naMdIsUtra SaTkhaNDAgama tattvArthabhASya AvartanatA apagama pratyAvartanatA apanoda avAya buddhi vijJapti apavyAdha AmuNDA apeta, apagata vijJAna pratyAmuNDA apaviddha, apanuta 4. dhAraNA- avAya dvArA nirNIta artha ko isa prakAra dhAraNa karanA ki vaha kAlAntara meM bhI smRti kA hetu bana ske| vaha saMkhyeya-asaMkhyeya kAla taka raha sakatI hai| dhAraNA jitanI puSTa hotI hai, vaha dhAraNA utanI hI zIghra aura dIrghakAlika ho sakatI hai| dhAraNA ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1) avicyuti, (2) vAsanA, (3) anusmrnn| avicyuti- dhAraNA kAla meM jJAna meM eka valaya kA nirantara banA rahanA avicyuti hai| viSayAntara hone para dhAraNA vAsanA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| yahI vAsanA nimitta vizeSa se ubuddha hokara smRti kA kAraNa banatI hai|59 vAsanA- vAsanA kA dUsarA nAma saMskAra hai| yaha apane Apa meM jJAna nahIM hai| yaha avicyuti kA kArya aura smRti kA kAraNa banatI hai| yaha do jJAnoM ko jor3ane vAlI madhya kI kar3I hai| ___anusmaraNa- bhaviSya meM nimitta pAkara una saMskAroM kA smRti ke rUpa meM ubuddha honA anusmaraNa hai| avicyuti, vAsanA aura anusmaraNa- ye tInoM dhAraNA ke aMga hai| naMdI sUtra meM dhAraNA ke liye - dharaNA, dhAraNA, sthApanA, pratiSThA, koSThA zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|60 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 378

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avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA kA na utkrama hotA hai aura na vyatikrama hotA hai| arthagrahaNa ke bAda hI vicAra, vicAra ke bAda nizcaya, nizcaya ke pazcAt dhAraNA hotI hai| isaliye avagraha pUrvaka IhA, IhApUrvaka avAya, avAya pUrvaka dhAraNA hotI hai| citta aura mana- sAdhAraNatayA citta aura mana ko ekArthaka mAnA jAtA hai| kintu ye ekArthaka nahIM hai| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke anusAra citta kA artha hai- sthUla zarIra ke sAtha kAma karane vAlI cetanA mana kriyAtaMtra yA pravRttitaMtra kA aNg| citta kriyAtaMtra kA saMcAlaka hai| citta caitanyadharmA hai| mana caitanyarahita hai, paudgalika hai| mana citta kA sparza pAkara cetana jaisA pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra eka acetana dUsarA cetana hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga darzana meM jaise citta aura mana kI alaga avadhAraNA hai| pAtaJjala yoga-darzana ke bhASyakAra vyAsa ne citta ke tIna rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|61 (1) mithyAcitta (2) pravRtti citta (3) smRti citta / (1) mithyAcitta-jisameM rajo aura tamo guNa kI pradhAnatA hai| mithyAcitta vyakti ko aizvarya, adhikAra, sattA se adhika lagAva hotA hai| ___ (2) pravRtti citta- yaha tamoguNa pradhAna hai| Asakti, mUrchA, moha Adi usakI kriyAeM hai| (3) smRti citta- isameM tamoguNa,rajoguNa samApta ho jAte haiN| vairAgya, anAsakti Adi guNoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| jitane hI Avega haiM, ve saba citta ke hI utpAdana hai| citta hamAre astitva se jur3A huA sthAyI tattva hai| mana sthAyI tattva nahIM hai| usakA svabhAva caMcala hai| citta kI aneka vRttiyAM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AcArAMga meM kahA- citta kI aneka vRttiyoM ke kAraNa citta bhI aneka ho jAte haiN|62 manovijJAna meM mana aura usake kArya manovijJAna kA viSaya hai- mana ke samasta kriyA-kalApoM kA vaijJAnika adhyyn| manovijJAna kA sambandha darzana aura vijJAna donoM ke sAtha hai| manovijJAna ke antargata saMkSepa meM ina viSayoM ko liyA jAtA hai| kriyA aura manovijJAna 379

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snAyu maMDala saMvedanA snAyu maMDala (Nervous System) pratyakSIkaraNa (Perception) sIkhanA (Learning) kalpanA (Imagination) bhAva yA anubhUti (Feeling) preraNA (Motivation) manovijJAna kA AcAra-darzana se sambandha saMvedanA (Sensation) smaraNa (Remembering) avadhAna (Attention ) cintana (Thinking) saMvega (Emotion) cetanA (Consciousness) svapna (Dream) yogyatA (Aptitude) vaMzAnukrama aura vAtAvaraNa (Heredity and Environment). buddhi (Intelligence) vyaktitva (Personality) 380 AcAra darzana kA kArya hai - jIvana ke saMdarbha meM AcaraNa kI dizA kA nirdhAraNa aura mUlyAMkana karanA | aucitya aura anaucitya ke sabhI nirNaya AcaraNa se sambandhita hote haiN| zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAeM hI AcAra darzana kI viSaya vastu hai| manovijJAna kI adhyayana sAmagrI bhI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAeM hai / uDavarthe ne manovijJAna ko zArIrika evaM mAnasika kriyAoM kA vijJAna kahA hai| 63 isa prakAra manovijJAna aura AcAra darzana kI viSaya vastu eka hI hai| vyavahAra ke tathyAtmaka svarUpa ko samajhanA manovijJAna kA kArya hai aura vyavahAra meM Adarza kA nirdhAraNa karanA AcAra darzana kA kArya hai| AcAra zabda- kriyA kI hI abhivyakti hai| manovijJAna meM cetanA aura mana kI spaSTa bhedarekhA nahIM miltii| saMbhavata: citta evaM mana ke bheda kA prazna bhI unake samakSa nahIM rhaa| cetanA ke sambandha meM aneka dRSTikoNoM se adhyayana kiyA kintu ukta donoM kI bhinnatA ke saMdarbha meM mukta cintana dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / cetanA ke saMdarbha meM Drevara kA mata hai ki cetanA mAnasika evaM zArIrika kriyAoM kA paricaya denevAlI vilakSaNa kriyA hai| 64 vyakti apanI Antarika anubhUtiyoM se alaga kucha bhI nahIM aura anubhUtiyoM kI vyApaka vizeSatA hI cetanA hai / viliyama jemsa cetanA ko eka nadI ke samAna mAnatA hai| nadI kA pAnI jaisepratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai vaise cetanA bhI rUpAntarita hotI rahatI hai| usane cetanA kI vizeSatAoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| 65 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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1. cetanA vyakti vizeSa se sambandha rakhatI hai| cetanA prANI kA lakSaNa hai| / 2. cetanA meM nirantara parivartana hotA rahatA hai| 3.pratyeka cetanA meM arthapUrNa DhaMga se vicAroM kA nairantarya banA rahatA hai| hamArI mAnasika kriyAeM nirantara calatI rahatI hai| suSupta avasthA ho yA mUrcchita, vicAroM kA silasilA kabhI TUTatA nhiiN| isa nirantaratA ke kAraNa hI vastuoM, paristhitiyoM, vyaktiyoM, ghaTanAoM Adi kI avagati prApta hotI hai| vicAra vyakti kI apanI nijI saMpatti hai| 4. cetanA cayanAtmaka hotI hai| yaha hamArI manovRtti evaM mUla AvazyakatAoM Adi para nirbhara rahatI hai| cetanA ke stara phrAyaDa ne mana ke tIna stara mAne haiM- (1) cetana (2) avacetana aura (3) acetn| (1) cetana mana- yaha mana kA vaha stara hai jisameM vyakti ko apanI kriyAoM, icchAoM, vicAroM, ghaTanAoM kA vartamAna meM avabodha rahatA hai| ise cetanA kA kendra kahate haiN| cetana mana kriyAoM kA niyaMtraNa aura saMcAlana karatA hai| cetana mana ke tIna pakSa haiM- (1) jJAnAtmaka, (2) bhAvAtmaka aura (3) cessttaatmk| tIsare pakSa ceSTAtmaka kA kahIM saMkalpAtmaka yA kriyAtmaka nAma se bhI ullekha milatA hai| ye tInoM sammilita rUpa se kArya karate hai| kisI vastu ko dekhanA, usake svarUpa ko samajhanA jJAnAtmaka hai| use kisI dUsare ko dene kA cintana bhAvanAtmaka hai| use denA kriyAtmaka hai| isa prakAra cetanamana kI pratyeka kriyA meM tIna prakriyAeM hotI haiN| (2) avacetana mana- avacetana mana, cetana aura acetana donoM ke bIca kA stara hai| yaha sImAvartI pradeza hai| isameM acetana vAsanAoM kI ghusapaiTha calatI hai| avacetana mana sabhI smRtiyoM, icchAoM kA bhaMDAra haiN| vartamAna meM vyakti ko unakA jJAna nahIM rhtaa| (3) acetana mana-acetana mana gaharI nIMva hai| yahI manuSya ke jIvana kI bhAgyalipi likhatA hai| yaha damita icchAoM, vAsanAoM, bhAvanAoM, AvegoM kA saMgrahAlaya hai| samasta saMvega aura anubhavoM kA marma hI acetana mana hai| vyakti jina icchAoM kA damana karatA hai, ve cetana mana se acetana mana meM praveza kara saMrakSita rahatI hai| acetana mana evaM avacetana mana ke bIca eka saMvedI sambadha rahatA hai| yaha acetana mana meM par3I damita icchAoM ko Age cetana yA avacetana mana taka jAne se roka detA hai| kriyA aura manovijJAna 381

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acetana mana kA stara atyanta zaktizAlI hai| cetana mana usase prApta nirdezoM ke anusAra apanA kArya karatA hai| acetana mana kA stara bahuta sakriya hai| hamAre vyavahAroM para sabase adhika isakA prabhAva par3atA hai| acetana mana kI viSaya sAmagrI do srotoM se AtI hai| eka bhAga pAzavika vicAroM kA, dUsarA, una vicAroM, smRtiyoM, icchAoM kA, jo kabhI cetana thI kintu unheM damita kara diyA gyaa| damita icchAoM kI abhivyakti saralatA se nahIM hotii| jo icchAeM adhika jaTila nahIM haiM, unakI abhivyakti, svapna, pracchanna kalpanAeM, Antarika saMgharSa Adi ke mAdhyama se ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra acetana mana damita AvegoM, bhUle hue anubhavoM, icchAoM, AvazyakatAoM, saMvegoM, lAlasAoM kA bhaMDAra hai|66 acetana mana kI vizeSatAeM (1) acetana mana vyakti ke vicAroM evaM mAnasika kriyAoM para bahuta prabhAva ___DAlatA hai| (2) acetana mana vyakti ke vyavahAra kA sampAdana evaM niyaMtraNa karatA hai| (3) acetana mana meM virodha nahIM pAyA jaataa| (4) acetana mana ke sabhI vicAra sakriya hote haiN| (5) acetana mana kI AdhAra zilA zaizava kAla meM rakhI jAtI hai| avacetana evaM acetana mana kA antara ___avacetana mana kI kriyAeM na to pUrNa rUpa se vyakta hotI hai na avykt| ye saralatA se cetana mana meM praveza kara detI hai| ina para kisI prakAra kA pratibaMdha kAma nahIM krtaa| jabaki acetana mana kI kriyAeM pUrNata: avyakta hotI hai| una para pratibaMdhaka kA niyaMtraNa rahatA hai| cetana mana kA niyantraNa kama hone para acetana mana ke saMskAra sakriya hote haiN| anaitika vicAra yA vyavahAra abhivyakta hone lagatA hai| AkrAmakatA kI sahaja vRtti acetana mana ke kAraNa hI niSpanna hotI hai| isa saMdarbha meM phrAyaDa dvArA kiye gae vyaktitva ke tIna vibhAga haiM- 67 (1) idam, (2) aham, (3) praaahm| (1) idam- unhoMne idam ko anaitika, atarkita, mUla pravRttiyoM kA kendra tathA zaizava avasthA kA stara maanaa| yaha pUrNata: acetana hai| vyakti kI jaivika evaM bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye yaha kAryarata rahatA hai| 382 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(2) aham - phrAyaDa ne aham ko cetana mastiSka mAnA hai| aham ke mukhya kArya haiM- zarIra kA poSaNa karanA, use hAni se bacAye rkhnaa| idam kI icchAoM ke sAtha tAlamela bitthaanaa| yaha kendriya ikAI hai aura vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva ko dekhakara kArya karatI hai| (3) parA aham- yaha naitikatA se paripUrNa cetanA hai| sAmAjika AdarzoM kI isameM vidyamAnatA hai| yaha samAja parivAra aura saMskRti ke prabhAva se banatA hai| idam Avega-pradhAna acetana hai| aham cetana stara para kArya karatA hai phira bhI isakA adhikAMza bhAga avacetana tathA acetana meM rahatA hai| parAaham bhI tIna staroM para kArya karatA hai| yaha aham kI apekSA cetana kama, avacetana tathA acetana adhika hotA hai| - mana kI alaga-alaga avasthA avasyA |tanAsakA - -- * * MWWWW Jeweapoor jagAtalyA wwwwwwwwmapurammar, - - - meraThA wwwwwww yuMga kA mata- yuMga ne acetana mana ko janmajAta yA paramparAgata mAnA hai| usake anusAra acetana mana eka saMskAra hai / yaha aneka paramparAoM se prApta hotA hai| acetana mana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-68 (1) vaiyaktika acetana mana aura (2) sAmUhika yA jAtigata acetana mana / (1) vaiyaktika acetana mana- jo icchAeM, kAmanAeM damita kara dI jAtI hai ve vyakti ke vaiyaktika acetana mana meM pahuMca jAtI haiM aura usake vyavahAra para prabhAva DAlatI hai| vyakti kI icchAoM kA damana sAmAjika tathA naitika baMdhanoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| (2) sAmUhika yA jAtigata acetana mana- jAtigata saMskAra, vaMza-paramparA se prApta samasta guNa, yogyatAeM isI mana meM ekatra rahatI haiN| kriyA aura manovijJAna 383

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isa prakAra phrAyaDa se lekara Aja taka manovijJAnika ise samajhane kA prayatla kara rahe haiN| phira bhI mana kA viSaya itanA bar3A hai ki hajAroM prayatnoM ke bAda bhI use pUrA nahIM samajhA jA sakA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke zabdoM meM cUMki hamArA paryAya kA jagat itanA bar3A hai ki unheM samagratA se samajha pAnA kisI eka vyakti ke lie phaThina hai| mekDUgala ne kahA- mUla pravRti janmajAta mano-zArIrika vRtti hai| isake dhAraNa kartA ko kisI eka viziSTa viSaya kA pratyakSIkaraNa karane, unakI ora avadhAna kendrita karane tathA eka saMvedanAtmaka uttejanA kI anubhUti karane se usa viSaya ke vizeSa guNa kI saMbodhanA se utpanna huI hotI hai aura usI ke anurUpa viziSTa dizA meM vaha kArya karane athavA usa kArya sambandhI preraNA kA anubhava karAtI ho|69 mekDUgala ne mUla pravRttiyoM meM nimna likhita vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai (1) saMjJAnIpakSa - kisI vastu athavA paristhiti vizeSa kI ora dhyAna denA tathA usameM rUci lenaa| (2) saMvegAtmaka pakSa- kisI saMvega kA anubhava krnaa| (3) kriyAtmaka pakSa-saMvegoM prati vizeSa prakAra se kriyAtmaka honaa| mekDUgala ke anusAra saMvegAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka pakSa mUla hai| mUla pravRttyAtmaka vyavahAra meM jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka tInoM kriyAeM sammilita ho jAtI haiN| 70 mUla pravRttiyAM aura saMvega mekDUgala ne vyakti meM caudaha mUlapravRttiyAM aura utane hI saMvega mAne haiM- 21 mUla pravRttiyAM saMvega palAyana bhaya saMgharSa krodha kutuhala bhAva AhAra-anveSaNa bhUkha paitRka vRtti vAtsalya yUthavRtti sAmUhikatA kA bhAva vikarSaNa jugupsA bhAva jijJAsA 384 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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kAma svAgraha AtmahInatA upArjana racanA yAcanA hAsya 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) karmazAstra kI dRSTi se hamAre AcaraNa aura dRSTikoNa kA mUla mohanIya karma hai| yaha mUrcchA kA janaka hai| mUrcchA se dRSTikoNa aura cAritra prabhAvita hotA hai| vyakti ke dRSTikoNa, cAritra aura vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA mUrcchA kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| jaina karmazAstra meM mohanIya karma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyAM haiM aura unake aTThAIsa vipAka hai| 72 mUla pravRttiyoM evaM saMvega ke sAtha unakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| mohanIya karma ke vipAka mUla saMvega 10) bhaya krodha jugupsA strI veda purUSa veda napuMsaka veda kAmukata utkarSa bhAvanA mAna lobha hInatA kA bhAva svAmitva bhAvanA sRjana bhAvanA duHkha bhAva ullasita bhAva bhaya krodha jugupsA bhAva kAmukatA utkarSa bhAvanA adhikAra bhAvanA ullasita bhAva arati duHkha jaina darzanAnusAra mAnasika Avega - upaAvega vyakti ko bahuta prabhAvita karate haiN| vyaktitva kA sIdhA sambandha AvegoM se hai| AvegoM kI jitanI tIvratA hogI, vyaktitva utanA hI avyavasthita hogaa| Avega vyakti ko uttejita karate haiN| uttejita hote hI vaha bhAvAviSTa ho jAtA hai| phalata: usakI vicAra - kSamatA, tarka zakti zithila ho jAtI hai| kriyA aura manovijJAna 385

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bhAvAtmaka sthiti meM bar3he hue Aveza kI vRtti yuyutsAvRtti ko janma detI hai / yuyutsA se amarSa, amarSa se AkrAmakatA janma letI hai| ina mAnasika AvegoM, kriyA-pratikriyAoM kA hamAre AcaraNa aura vyavahAra para hone vAlA prabhAva samajha sakate haiN| Aveza kI manovRtti garva kI manovRti mAyA kI manovRtti saMgraha kI manovRtti gAlI yuddha, AkramaNa, prahAra, hatyA Adi / - - ghRNA, krUra vyavahAra, amaitrI | avizvAsa, amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra / zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, nirapekSa vyavahAra, krUra vyavahAra, vizvAsaghAta / -- 1 uparyukta duSprabhAvoM ke alAvA inase vaiyaktika jIvana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa bhI avarUddha hotA hai| manovijJAna meM yadyapi mana ke bhinna-bhinna staroM evaM unakI kArya-praNAlI para vimarza kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM bhale usa rUpa meM vizleSaNa nahIM milatA ho kintu unake mUla srotoM para vistRta vyAkhyAeM upalabdha haiN| mana aura saMjJA mana kA dUsarA nAma 'saMjJA' hai| saMjJA zArIrika AvazyakatAoM evaM bhAvoM kI mAnasika saMcetanA hai| yaha paravartI vyavahAra kI preraka banatI hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se saMjJAoM tIna varga bana jAte hai| 386 saMjJAoM ke prakAra (1) saMjJAoM ke cAra prakAra - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha | 73 (2) saMjJAoM ke dasa prakAra - AhAra saMjJA, mAna saMjJA, bhaya saMjJA, mAyA saMjJA, maithuna saMjJA, lobha saMjJA, parigraha saMjJA, loka saMjJA, krodha saMjJA, ogha saMjJA / 74 ( 3 ) caudaha prakAra - AhAra, moha, lobha, bhaya, vicikitsA, zoka, maithuna, krodha, loka, parigraha, mAna, dharma, sukha duHkha, mAyA | 75 (4) solaha prakAra 76 - isa vargIkaraNa meM zArIrika yA jaivika, mAnasika evaM sAmAjika prerakoM kA samAveza hai| saMjJA kI utpatti bAhya aura Abhyantara uttejanA se ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA

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hotI hai| yaha cittavRtti cetana aura acetana donoM kA saMgama sthala hai| inameM kArya-kAraNa bhAva bhI hai| AhAra kAraNa hai to mAna, mAyA, lobha kArya hai| bhUkha, maithuna, parigraha se bhI krodha Adi saMjJAoM kA udbhava hotA hai| ye saMjJAeM ekendriya jIvoM se lekara manayukta paMcendriya taka sabhI jIvoM meM hotI hai| dasa saMjJAoM meM prathama ATha saMvegAtmaka haiM aura aMtima do, ogha saMjJA, loka saMjJA jJAnAtmaka hai| ogha saMjJA- ogha saMjJA sAmudAyikatA kI dyotaka hai| samUha meM rahane kI manovRtti manuSya aura pazu sabameM hotI hai| samUha kI cetanA evaM anukaraNa kI vRtti ogha saMjJA hai| mekDUgala ne ise yuthavRtti kahA hai| loka saMjJA- yaha vaiyaktika cetanA hai| pratyeka prANI meM kucha vizeSatAeM hotI haiN| jo samUha meM nahIM miltii| jaise vyApArI kA putra vyApArI banatA hai| yaha vaiyaktika cetanA kI sakriyatA hai| yadyapi ye saMjJAeM mUla srota nahIM hai, tathApi vyavahAra evaM AcaraNoM ko prabhAvita avazya karatI haiN| vyavahAra ko vyAkhyAyita karane ke liye Adhunika manovijJAna ne anupreraNA kA Alambana liyA hai| koI bhI sakriya prANI vaha kevala apanI jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI saMpUrti ke liye kArya nahIM karatA apitu uddIpaka aura vAtAvaraNa Adi aneka tattva bhI usake vyavahAra kA saMcAlana karate haiN| saMvega kA svarUpa- manovijJAna meM saMvega ko eka zakti-zAlI anupreraka ke rUpa meM mAnA isase hamArA mana, AcaraNa aura vyavahAra prabhAvita hotA haiN| saMvega eka prerita vyavahAra hai| jisameM ucca prakAra kI cetanA vidyamAna rahatI hai tathA AkarSaNa -vikarSaNa kA vyavahAra parilakSita hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se saMvega kI vyAkhyA tIna-staroM para kI jA sakatI haiM- 1. cetanA meM parivartana, 2. vyavahAra ke rUpa meM parivartana, 3. saMvegIya anubhava aura Antarika kriyAoM meM parivartana / saMvega kI upasthiti meM vyakti kI mAnasika aura zArIrika kriyAoM meM antara A jAtA hai| jaise eka vyakti adhyayana kara rahA hai, usakA dhyAna, cintana aura mAnasika kriyAeM sabhI eka dizAgAmI hai| zArIrika mudrA bhI saMtulita hai| sahasA kAlA nAga nikala aayaa| bhaya kA saMvega jaagaa| cintana, dhyAna saba samApta ho gye| zArIrika evaM mAnasika donoM sthitiyAM badala gii| bhaya se hRdaya kI gati, sAMsa kI gati, pAcanakriyA kriyA aura manovijJAna 387

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Adi meM parivartana A jAtA hai| Avega kI abhivyakti bAhya vyavahAra meM hotI hai| vyakti bhaya se bhAgane lagatA hai aura bhaya se duHkha kA anubhava bhI hotA hai| saMvega, Avega eka jaTila pahelI hai| unakI nizcita vyAkhyA asaMbhava hai| sorensana ne Avega ko cAra prakAra se samajhAyA hai|7 (1) uddIpana (2) zArIrika parivartana (3) abhivyakti (4) anubhv| Avega-saMvega ke vibhinna prakAra melavIna mArksa ne AvegoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA haiN| 78 paristhiti janya svasaMdarbha antarvaiyaktika sAMvedanika bodhanAtmaka (1) abhimAna (1) prema (1) Ananda (1) harSa (2) zarma (2) dhikkAra (2) vedanA (2) duHkha (3) aparAdha (3) bhaya (4) pazcAttApa (4) krodha saMvega kI sthiti meM svataH saMcAlita nAr3ItaMtra, bRhad mastiSka aura hAIpothelemasa vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita hote haiN| saMvega kI samApti ke bAda bhI usakA prabhAva kucha samaya taka banA rahatA hai| usa samaya vyakti kI jo mAnasika sthiti banatI hai manovijJAna meM use 'manodazA' kahA gayA hai| saMvega aura manodazA kA antara saMvega meM kAlamAna kama kintu bhAvoM kI tIvratA adhika hotI hai| manodazA meM kAlamAna adhika kintu bhAvoM kI tIvratA kama hotI hai| donoM meM antaHkriyA calatI hai| saMvega yA mUla pravRtti jaba kisI vastu ke cAroM ora sthAyI rUpa se sugaThita ho jAtI hai taba unheM sthAyI bhAva kahate haiN| sthAyI bhAva kI taraha hI hamAre antaraMga vyaktitva kA eka mahattvapUrNa AyAma haibhaavnaagrNthi| naitika evaM cetana rUpa se kriyAzIla bhAvanA ko sthAyI bhAva evaM anaitika tathA acetana rUpa se kriyAzIla bhAvanA ko bhAvanA graMthi kahA jAtA hai| ina donoM se saMcAlita ho vyakti aicchika aura anaicchika kriyAeM karatA hai|79 388 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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saMvega aura zarIra kA sambandha 1. nirantara cintA evaM atyadhika dimAgI zrama se zarIra thaka jAtA hai| 2. udAsInatA se pAcana zakti manda ho jAtI hai| 3. krodha se rakta viSAkta bana jAtA hai, svabhAva meM cir3acir3Apana, zarIra meM kaMpana, raktacApa vRddhi, nasoM meM tanAva, yUrina adhika, peTa meM jalana Adi hotI haiN| 4. IrSyA se alsara kI saMbhAvanA banatI hai| 5. ghRNA se aruci, jIvana se virakti, ati ronA, bhUkha kA kama honA AtmahatyA, Adi hote haiN| 6. bhaya se hRdaya kI dhar3akana teja, ghabarAhaTa, muMha sUkhanA, bhUkha baMda, nIMda nahIM AnA Adi hote haiN| 7. kAma se kaI graMthiyoM kA srAva, caMcalatA bar3ha jAtI hai, viveka kama hotA hai|. 8. bure bhAvoM se atisAra ho jAtA hai| aneka rogoM ko Aja vaijJAnika manodaihika (sAikosomeTika) mAnate haiN| mArmana vinsenTa pIla apanI prasiddha pustaka 'da pAvara oNpha pojITiva thiMkiMga, meM 'uddhRta karate haiM ki jor3oM evaM mAMsa peziyoM kA darda kisI nikaTavartI vyakti ke prati Antarika Akroza ke kAraNa hotA hai| 80 luI ne 'yU kena hIla yora lAipha' pustaka meM apane anubhavoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| unake anusAra- 'lambe samaya taka calane vAlI udAsInatA kaiMsara kA hetu bana jAtI hai| AlocanA kI sthAyI vRtti jor3oM kA darda paidA karatI hai| bhaya aura tanAva se gaMjApana, alsara Adi kI saMbhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai| zubha vicAra, bhAvanA, kriyAoM kA upayoga cikitsA meM karake luI he ne svayaM apanA kaiMsara roga ThIka kiyA evaM Aja svayaM amerikA meM saba prakAra kI bImAriyoM kA upacAra kara rahI hai| 8 1 dIpaka caupar3A kA abhimata hai ki davA ke kaNa, zvAsa, vAyu ke kaNa, bhojana ke kaNa, acche vicAra, acchI kriyA, acchI pravRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se hama bImAriyoM ko ThIka kara sakate haiN| davA kI tulanA meM marIja ke ThIka hone meM ve manuSya ke sadvicAroM ko mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA mAnate haiN| amerikA meM zubha vicAroM ke prabhAva se aisI bImAriyoM kA kriyA aura manovijJAna 389

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ilAja karate hai jinakA davA se upacAra saMbhava nahIM hai| apanI isa cikitsA paddhati ko ve kvAMTama cikitsA kahate hai| 82 jaina darzana ke anusAra zubha bhAva karma paramANuoM ko AkarSita karate haiN| umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra meM karma-prabhAva ko prakaTa karane vAle kaI sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 8 3 prANI mAtra ke prati karuNA, tyAgI - vratIjanoM kI sevA, dAna-puNya, Atma-niyaMtraNa, kSamA, zucitA Adi kriyAeM sAtavedanIya karma kA AzravaNa hai| aisA karane se svAsthya, zArIrika sukha aura mAnasika zAMti ke anukUla pAristhitika yoga milatA hai| 84 hama karma-rajoM ko upakaraNoM meM Abaddha nahIM kara sakate hai / prayogakartA kI bhAvanA ke anusAra ve prabhAvita avazya hotI haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne yaha mAnya kiyA hai ki bhAvanAeM prabhAvita karatI hai| bhAvanA kA prabhAva yaMtroM para bhI par3atA hai| isa tathya kA 'da gAsTa ina da eTam' nAmaka pustaka meM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM karma-paramANuoM kA jikra nahIM hai kintu prayoga kartA kI bhAvanA kA kyA prabhAva hotA hai, isakA vivecana kara kvAnTama yAMtrikI evaM kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAMta ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| 85 - ina ghaTanAoM ke par3hane para saMvegoM ke zarIra para hone vAle prabhAva meM kisI prakAra kI AzaMkA kA avakAza nahIM raha jAtA hai| zarIra, vANI aura mana kriyAnviti ke sAdhana haiN| inameM zarIra pravRttiyoM kA sabase bar3A srota hai| dUsarA srota vANI hai| kintu vANI kI pravRtti nirantara nahIM hotI hai| bolane para vANI kI pravRtti hotI hai| tIsarA pravRtti kA pramukha srota mana hai| vaidika paramparA meM yaha Ama dhAraNA hai ki mana tInoM meM pramukha hai| baMdhana aura mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai | 86 maitrANyupaniSad evaM tejobindUpaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA ki manuSya ke baMdhana aura mukti kA kAraNa mana hai| 87 jaina darzana kI mAnyatA isase bhinna hai| vANI aura zarIra kA sahayoga mana nirapekSa sthiti meM kucha karane ke liye samartha nahIM hai| ina donoM meM bhI zarIra kI bhUmikA pramukha hai, zarIra ke binA mana ke pudgaloM kA grahaNa bhI saMbhava nhiiN| buddha ne hiMsA Adi ke sAdhana (daNDa) ke rUpa meM eka mana ko hI mukhyatA dI hai| vANI aura kAyA ko daNDa nahIM maanaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko eka daNDa kI dhAraNA svIkArya nahIM thiiN| unhoMneM daNDa ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM- manodaNDa, vacanadaNDa aura kAyadaNDa / unake anusAra vANI aura kAyA kA mahattva mana se kama nhiiN| ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA 390

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zarIra meM vyApta nAr3ItaMtra meM jaba uttejanAeM, vAsanAeM, taraMgeM utpanna hotI hai, na cAhate hue bhI galata AcaraNa aura vyavahAra ho jAte haiN| isakA mukhya kAraNa nAr3I saMsthAna kA galata abhyAsa hai| nAr3I saMsthAna kA apanA svataMtra astitva hai| mana, vANI aura kAyA tInoM upataMtra hai| tInoM kA samAna mUlya hai| aisI sthiti meM mana ko atirikta mUlya nahIM diyA jA sktaa| mana meM kisI ko mArane kI kalpanA huii| zarIra kA sAmarthya nahIM yA zarIra sahayogI nahIM banA to kalpanA sAkAra rUpa nahIM le sktii| mana vyasana se mukta honA cAhatA hai, snAyu kI mAMga hone para vyakti na cAhate hue bhI nazIlI cIjoM kA sevana kara letA hai| mana hI pramukha ho to tatkAla vyakti vyasanamukta ho sakatA hai kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa zarIra hai, zarIra ke snAyu hai| jo Adata snAyugata ho jAtI hai vaha zIghra chUTatI nhiiN| snAyuoM ko jaisA abhyAsa diyA jAtA hai, usake viparIta kArya karane meM kaThinAI hotI hai| vyakti kisI para hAtha uThAnA nahIM cAhatA phira bhI uTha jAtA hai| dUra kI vastueM dekhane koI cazmA lagAtA hai, adhyayana ke samaya utAra detA hai, phira bhI abhyAsa vaza kaI bAra hAtha cazme ke lie AMkha para calA jAtA hai| viliyama jemsa ne 'da priMsipala oNpha sAikolojI' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likhA hai- acchA jIvana jIne ke liye acchI AdatoM kA banAnA jarUrI hai| acchI AdatoM ke nirmANa ke liye abhyAsa kI apekSA hai| abhyAsa ke abhAva meM AdateM badalane kA upakrama asaphalatA kA dvAra kholanA hai| unhoMne acchI AdatoM ke nirmANa ke liye kucha sUtra prastuta kiye|88 1. acchI AdateM DAlanI ho to sabase pahale acchI AdatoM kA ciMtana kro| 2. zarIra ko vizeSa prakAra kA abhyAsa do| zarIra kI vizeSa sthiti kA nirmANa AdatoM ko acchI banAtA hai| snAyuoM ko pahale se jisa sAMce meM DhAlA gayA hai, unheM badale binA eka cakra kI bhAMti calate rahate hai| mana hI hamArI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM kA mUla hai- isa baddhamUla avadhAraNA kI sthUlatA taba dRSTigocara hotI hai jaba kriyA ke gahare tala para utarate haiN| kriyAvAda meM mAtra mana hI pravRtti kA hetu nahIM apitu bhASA aura zarIra bhI hai| mana, vANI aura zarIra tInoM kA svataMtra astitva hai| tInoM meM zarIra isaliye pradhAna hai ki grahaNa aura visarjana kA mAdhyama zarIra hI hai| jo pravAha bhItara AtA hai yA bAhara jAtA hai, usameM zarIra hetu hai| isaliye hameM 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdhamokSayoH' ke sAtha 'zarIra evaM manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdha-mokSayoH' bhI kahanA cAhiye, tabhI saMgati baiThatI hai|89 kriyA aura manovijJAna 391

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mana, vANI aura zarIra tInoM kA apanA svataMtra kArya hai| inakI kriyAoM meM adhyavasAya, nimitta hai| mana ko sakriya karane vAlA adhyavasAya, vANI kA pravartana karane vAlA adhyavasAya aura zarIra kA saMcAlana karane vAlA adhyavasAya tInoM kA svataMtra sahayoga hai| mana kA mahattva hai, para vaha saba kucha nhiiN| saMdarbha sUci 1 jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA; pR. 513 2. bhagavatI; 13/126 AyA bhaMte ! maNe anne maNe ? goyamA ! No AyA maNe, aNNe maNe, maNijamANe mnne.....|| 3. manonuzAsanam, pR. 19 4. zrI bhikSu Agama viSaya koza; pR. 508 5. nyAya sUtra; 3/2/6 6. vaizeSika sUtra, 7/1/123 7. sanmati tarka prakaraNa; pR. 151 8. mAThara kArikA; 27 9. tarka saMgraha; pR.54 sukhAdyupalabdhi sAdhanamindriyaM mnH| 10. vAtsyAyana bhASya; 1/1/16 11. nyAya sUtra; 1/1/16 12. sanmati tarka prakaraNa kANDa kI TIkA; 2 13. pramANa mImAMsA, bhASATippaNAni; pR. 44 14. yoga zAstra; 5/2 15. jaina darzana meM Atma vicAra; pR. 9 16. yoga vArtika; pR. 349 17. darzana aura cintana; bhAga 1; pR.140 18. bhagavatI;.13/7/494 19. (ka) tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA; pR. 156 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRti; 1/12 sarva-viSayamanta:karaNaM yugapajjJAnAnutpati liMgamanaH, tadapi dravyamana : paudgalikamajIva grahaNena gRhItam bhAva-manastu AtmaguNatvAt jIva grhnneneti....| 392 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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(ga) dhavalA sUtra; 36 pR. 130 20. citta aura mana; pR. 8 21. naMdI cUrNi; pR. 46-61 22. jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA; pR. 515 23. jJAna - mImAMsA; pR. 158 24. vahI; pR. 157 25. (ka) Avazyaka cUrNi; pR. 544-552 (kha) naMdI vRtti; pR. 132 26. naMdI; gA. 38 27. vahI; 39 28. vahI; 38 29. vahI; 38 30. jIva - ajIva; pR. 40 31. yogazAstra; 12/2 32. manonuzAsanam; sU. 2 dRSTicAritramohaparivyAptaM mUDham / 33. vahI; sU. 4 itastato vicaraNazIlaM vikssiptm| 34. vahI; sUtra 5 kadAcidantaH kadAcid bahirvihAri yAtAyAtam / 35. vahI; sUtra 8 sthiraM shlissttN| 36. vahI; sUtra 9 susthiraM sulInaM / 37. yogazAstra; pR. 283/12/3 suliinmtinishclm| 38. manonuzAsanam; sUtra 13 nirAlambanaM kevalamAtmapariNatiH niruuddhm| 39. pAtaMjala yogadarzana; sU 1/18 40. saMbhavAmi kSaNe kSaNe; pR. 450 41. bhAratIya darzana; pR. 190 kriyA aura manovijJAna 393

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42. abhidhammattha saMgraho; pR. 1 43. citta aura mana; pR .26 44. vahI; pR. 27 45. pramANamImAMsA; 1/1/26 akSArthayoge drshnaanntrmrthgrhnnmvgrhH| 46. sarvArthasiddhi; 1/15/11 47. naMdIsUtra; 40 48. naMdIsUtra; sUtra 51 pR. 22 (puNyavijaya) 49. tattvArtha bhASya; 1/15 50. SaTkhaNDAgama; 13/5, 5 sU. 37 pR. 242 51. dhavalA; 1/9, 1/14, 17/3 52. naMdIsUtra; 32 53. tattvArtha bhASya; 1/15 54. dhavalA; 6-1, 9-1, 14-17-7 55. pramANa mImAMsA; 1/1/28, iihitvishessnirnnyo'vaayH| 56. naMdIsUtra; sUtra 53 57. SaTkhaNDAgama; 13/5/5 sUtra 39 58. tattvArtha bhASya; 1/15 59. jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA; pR. 606 60. naMdIsUtra; 54 61. jIvana vijJAna kI rUparekhA 62. AyAro 3/42 'aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise'; 63. vuDavartha eNDa mArkisa; pR. 2 64. jIvana vijJAna kI rUparekhA; pR. 320 65. Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 349 66. sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 382 67. vahI; 387 68. vahI; 386-387 394 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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Fear Anger Wonder Appetite Tender Emotion Lonliness Disgust Lust Positive Self Feeling. Negative Self Feeling. Feeling of Ownership Feeling of Construction Feeling of Appealing. Laughing Feeling. 69. sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 226 70. sAmAnya manovijJAna; pR. 226 71. Instinct (1) Escape (2) Combat, Pugnacity (3) Curiosity (4) Food-Seeking (5) Perental (6) Social Insticnt Repulsion Sex, mating (9) Self -Assention (10) Submission (11) Acquisition (12) Construction (13) Appeal (14) Laughter 72. karmavAda; pR. 238 73. (ka) ThANAMga; 4/578 (kha) samavAyAMga; 4/4 74. (ka) ThANAMga; 10/105 (kha) prajJApanA pada; 8 75. (ka) bhagavatI; 24/17 (kha) AcArAMga niyukti; 16 (ga) abhidhAna rAjendra koza; khaNDa 7 pR.301 (gha) dhavalA; 2.1.1.413. 76. vahI; 24/17 77. Avega ane lAgaNI; 78. vahI; 79. lezyA aura manovijJAna; pR. 64-65 80. jaina darzana aura kvANTama siddhAMta; 81. vahI; 82. uddhRta AsthA aura anveSaNa se kriyA aura manovijJAna 395

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83. sarvArthasiddhi; 6/12 84. vahI; 6/12 85. The ghost in the atom combridge; 86. gItA; 87. maitrANyupaniSad; 4/11, tejobindUpaniSad; 5/95 88. AbhAmaNDala; 27 pR. 89. AbhAmaNDala; 9 pR. 396 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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upasaMhAra jaina Agama-sAhitya jJAna-vijJAna kA vizAla evaM akSaya koza hai| anyAnya viSayoM ke sAtha usameM kriyA ke saMdarbha meM bhI vistAra se vicAra huA hai| yadyapi kisI eka Agama meM kriyA kA kramabaddha ullekha nahIM milatA, yatra tatra kriyA kA sUkSma aura gahana vizleSaNa upalabdha hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM prApta tathyoM ke AdhAra para kriyA ke dArzanika evaM vaijJAnika svarUpa ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| dArzanika paramparAeM mAnava ke astitva kAla se calI A rahI haiN| samaya-samaya para vibhinna dharma evaM darzanoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga dArzanika ciMtana ke caramotkarSa kA yuga thaa| AtmA aura jagat ke saMdarbha meM gahana cintana aura manana usa samaya huaa| jainAgamoM ke anusAra AtmA, karma aura kriyA Adi viSayoM ko lekara usa samaya 363 aura bauddhoM ke anusAra 63 dArzanika mata pracalita the| ina sabhI matoM ko saMkSepa meM cAra vargoM meM bAMTA gayA-(1) kriyAvAda, (2) akriyAvAda, (3) ajJAnavAda, (4) vinyvaad| bhagavAna mahAvIra kriyAvAda ke prabala samarthaka aura prakhara pravaktA the| kriyAvAda kA AdhAra hai- AtmA kA traikAlika astitv| astitva kI mUla kasauTI haiarthakriyAkAritvA ki jo artha kriyAkArI hai, usI kA astitva hai| jisameM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai usakA astitva bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| eka prakAra se kriyA hI kisI bhI tattva ke vAstavika astitva kA AdhAra mAnI gii| jainadarzana meM pratyeka vastu ko pariNAminitya yA nityAnityAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne ekAMta nitya aura ekAMta kSaNika vastu ke astitva ko arthakriyA ke abhAva meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| arthakriyA yA to krama se hotI hai yA akrama (yugapat) se| cUMki ekAnta nitya aura kSaNika vastu meM dezagata aura kAlagata donoM hI prakAra se arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta kSaNika vastu kA astitva bhI nahIM hai| arthakriyA kA tAtparya prayojanAtmikA kriyA hai| pratyeka padArtha kucha na kucha kriyA upasaMhAra 397

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karatA hai aura usase kisI na kisI prayojana kI siddhi hotI hai| jisa kisI padArtha kA astitva hai to nizcita vaha upayogI bhI hogaa| nirUpayogI padArtha kA astitva hI nahIM hotaa| arthakriyA aura padArtha kI sattA meM vyApya-vyApaka saMbaMdha hai| arthakriyA vyApaka hai, padArtha kI sattA vyApya hai| vyApaka arthakriyA ke abhAva meM vyApyabhUta sattA kA bhI svataH abhAva ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastu ke astitva ko banAye rakhane ke lie kriyA kI siddhi anivArya hai| kriyA ke astitva kA svIkAra kiye binA AtmavAda, punarjanmavAda, karmavAda aura pariNamana jaise siddhAMta bhI nirAdhAra ho jAte hai| kriyAvAda dArzanika carcA-paricarcA kA mukhya viSaya rahA hai| prathama adhyAya ke antargata kriyA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi prastuta kI gaI hai| isa se spaSTa hotA hai ki kriyA kA siddhAMta prAcIna kAla se dArzanika matabheda kA pramukha AdhAra rahA hai| kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda meM dArzanika paramparAoM ko vargIkRta karane kA artha yaha huA ki 363 dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM se adhikatama vicAradhArAeM isa viSaya para vimarza kara rahI thii| jIvana kA sarvocca lakSya jise bhAratIya darzanoM meM mokSa-purUSArtha kI saMjJA dI gaI hai use prApta karane ke lie kriyA kI anivAryatA hai yA akriyA kii| dUsarA, bandhana kA kAraNa kriyA kisa rUpa meM banatI hai- ina para bhI cintana karanA Avazyaka thaa| jainadarzana ina donoM dRSTi se ciMtana ke kSetra meM agraNI darzana kahA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArazAstrIya dRSTi se kriyA para cintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi AcArazAstrIya saMdarbha meM kriyA kA cintana eka svatantra zodha prabandha kA viSaya hai tathApi AcAra bhI darzana kA hI eka aMga hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dvitIya adhyAya ke antargata AcAra ke saMdarbha meM kriyA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya isakA prabala sAkSya hai ki sUkSma aura sthUla donoM jagat meM kriyA se kisa prakAra kA baMdhana hotA hai| vyakti svayaM hiMsA Adi asAmAjika pravRttiyoM ke dvArA bandhana karatA hai| yaha bAta sabhI darzanoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai| kintu svayaM saMlagna nahIM hone para bhI Antarika Asakti ke kAraNa se, yahAM taka ki mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI kisa prakAra se bandhanagrasta hotA hai - yaha eka nayA aura sUkSma cintana hai, saMbhavata: jainAgamoM meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM kriyA aura karma ke pArasparika saMbaMdha para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sRSTi meM mukhyataH do hI tattva kriyAzIla haiM- jar3a aura cetn| donoM kA svabhAva eka dUsare se bhinna haiN| phira bhI inameM anta:kriyA hotI hai| ye eka dUsare ko prabhAvita kaise karate haiM? jaina darzana ke anusAra hara saMsArI AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai| isalie mUrta ke dvArA mUrta ke 398 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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AkarSaNa meM vipratipatti nahIM hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM kA anAdi saMbaMdha hai| ataH unameM paraspara antaH kriyA svAbhAvika rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| yaha antaHkriyA hI samasta jIva-jagat kI vividhatA kA mUla AdhAra hai / jIva nirantara sUkSma aura sthUla pudgaloM kA grahaNa aura pariNamana karatA hai| sthUla pudgaloM ke grahaNa aura pariNamana ke dvArA sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma pudgaloM ke grahaNa aura pariNamana se karmazarIra jaise sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| karma kA tAtparya una sUkSma pudgaloM se hai jo pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke sAtha usakI pravRtti ke kAraNa saMbaMdha sthApita karate haiN| zvAsocchvAsa, AhAra, bhASA aura mana ke rUpa meM bhI jIva kI samasta pravRttiyoM meM pudgaloM kA grahaNa aura pariNamana anivArya hai| isa prakAra jIva aura pudgaloM ke vividha saMyogoM kA pariNAma hI yaha sampUrNa sRSTi hai| pudgala aura jIva dravya ke sivAya kisI anya dravya meM milane kI aura anukriyA kI zakti nahIM pAI jaatii| jIva aura pudgala donoM meM sneha guNa arthAt jIva meM AkRSTa karane kI aura pudgala meM AkRSTa hone kA sAmarthya hone se unakA pArasparika sabaMdha saMbhava hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki karma aura kriyA kA gaharA anubaMdha hai / bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti ke manISiyoM kA udghoSa rahA- 'je egaM jANaI se savvaM jAI' arthAt jo eka AtmA ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai| isI prakAra vaidika saMskRti kA bhI yaha cirantana saMdeza hai- 'Atmani vijJAte sarvaM vijJAtaM bhavati' jisane AtmA ko jAnA usane saba kucha jAna liyaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA asaMkhya cetanAtmaka pradezoM kA piNDa hai| saMsAra dazA meM usakA bAhya svarUpa vividhatA liye hue hai| vaividhya Agantuka hai| bhItara kI upaja nhiiN| AtmA dravya dRSTi se eka rUpa hai| virUpatA paryAya dRSTi se hai / virUpatA vaibhAvika pariNati hai| vaha sahetuka hai aura vaha hetu karma hai| karma ke saMkSepa meM do aura vistAra meM ATha prakAra haiN| yaha carcA prastuta adhyAya meM kI gaI hai| yahAM dhyAtavya yaha hai ki jaina manISiyoM ne karma ko na kevala sUkSma jar3a tattva mAnA hai| apitu use saMskAra rUpa bhI mAnA hai| saMskAra ko hI bhAva karma aura sUkSma jar3a tattva ko dravya karma kI saMjJA dI hai| dravya karma pudgala rUpa hai| usakA grahaNa bhAvakarma ke yoga se hotA hai| bhAvakarma rAga-dveSamaya Atma-pariNAma haiN| bhAvakarma kriyA se sUkSmastara para karmoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| hara kriyA kI pratikriyA avazyaMbhAvI hai| pratikriyA svarUpa pudgaloM kA grahaNa hI dravya-karma haiN| karma ke jitane prakAra haiM utane hI prakAra kI kriyA bhI hai| upasaMhAra 399

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karma-baMdha se bacane ke liye karma-baMdha kI hetubhUta kriyAoM se bacanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra baMdhana aura mukti donoM kA mUla bIja kriyA hai| karma-baMdha meM bhAvakarma kI mukhyatA hai aura mukti meM purUSArtha mukhya hai| bhAva aura purUSArtha donoM hI kriyAtmaka haiN| eka kA saMbaMdha atIta se hai, dUsare kA saMbaMdha vartamAna se hai| caturtha adhyAya meM kriyA ke sAtha pariNamana ke siddhAMta kA saMbaMdha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki prAraMbha meM hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki kriyA ke abhAva meM padArtha kA astitva asaMbhava hai| kisI bhI astitva kA AdhAra hai - tripadI arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa prinnmn| pariNAma yA pariNamana padArtha meM hone vAlI eka prakAra kI aparispaMdanAtmaka kriyA hai| padArtha meM parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA bhI hotI hai| aparispandAtmaka kriyA sUkSma stara para hotI hai aura parispaMdanAtmaka sthUla stara pr| yaha enAdi tathA dezAntara prApti rUpa hotI hai| aparispaMdanAtmaka meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza tathA agurulaghu Adi guNoM kA pariNamana hotA hai| jIva kI taraha pudgala meM bhI donoM prakAra kI kriyA hotI hai| jIvoM ke do prakAra haiM- siddha aura saMsArI / siddhoM meM parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA nahIM hotI hai, isa dRSTi se ve akriya haiN| kintu pariNamana rUpa kriyA to siddhoM meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| sazarIrI jIvoM meM prathama guNasthAna se terahaveM guNasthAna taka ke sabhI jIva sakriya hote haiN| koI bhI dehadhArI prANI binA kriyA ke nahIM raha sktaa| kevala caudahavA~ guNasthAna jo atyanta alpa samaya kA hotA hai, usameM kriyA avazya samApta ho jAtI hai| zvAsocchvAsa jaisI sUkSmAtisUkSma kriyA bhI nahIM rahatI / sazarIrI jIva meM antarAla gati meM jahAM sthUla zarIra aura tajjanita pravRtti kA abhAva rahatA hai, vahAM bhI kArmaNa- zarIra kI pravRtti cAlU rahatI hai| ye saba kriyAeM parispaMdanAtmaka haiN| kriyA kA preraka srota kaSAya hai| jahAM kaSAya hai, vahAM kriyA avazya pAI jaaegii| kaSAya kI vidyamAnatA meM adhyavasAya, lezyA, bhAva yoga ityAdi ke sabhI taMtra sakriya rahate haiN| adhyavasAya caitanya kA atyanta sUkSma spadaMna hai| usakI aneka dhArAeM hai| taraMgeM saghana hokara bhAva kA rUpa letI hai| bhAvoM kA saghana rUpa kriyA hai| zarIra usa kriyA kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai| isa prakAra adhyavasAyoM se nAr3I taMtra antaHsrAvI graMthiyAM, saMsthAna, mastiSka prabhAvita hote haiN| unase zarIra taMtra sakriya banatA hai| adhyavasAya, lezyA jaisI sUkSma stara para hone vAlI kriyAeM jaina tIrthakaroM ke atIndriya jJAna aura jainadarzana kI viziSTatA kI sUcaka haiN| isake alAvA eka hI kriyA ke saMraMbha, samAraMbha ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 400

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aura AraMbha ina tIna rUpoM meM prastuti karane kA zreya jainadarzana ko hI hai- aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| saraMbha kriyA kA mAnasika stara hai| isa sthiti meM mana meM kriyA kA vicAra yA saMkalpa utpanna hotA hai| samAraMbha kriyA kA dUsarA stara hai| isameM saMkalpa kI dizA meM caraNa nyAsa kiyA jAtA hai kintu kriyA kI pUrNatA nahIM hotii| AraMbha kriyA ke niSpanna hone kI avasthA hai| jainadarzana ahiMsA pradhAna aura nivRtti pradhAna darzana hai| isameM hiMsA ke sUkSma kAraNa para dhyAna diyA gayA hai| hiMsA ke sUkSma vizleSaNa para hI kriyA kA siddhAMta vikasita huaa| karma-baMdha kI nimittabhUta ceSTA kriyA hai| kriyA ke prathama paMcaka meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| kriyA kA sambaMdha vartamAna jIvana ke sAtha atItakAlIna jIvana se bhI hai| karmabaMdha kA sambandha mUlataH Antarika avirati se hai| jainadarzana meM hiMsAjanita kriyAoM kI gaharAI meM bhI jAne kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| pariNAma svarUpa yaha tathya ujAgara huA hai ki manuSya ke dvArA mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAeM jina prayojanoM se kI jAtI hai mukhyata: ve tIna haiM - 1. vartamAna jIvana kI surakSA / 2. prazaMsA - Adara- pUjA pAne kI AkAMkSA / 3. janma maraNa se mukta hone kI icchaa| vyakti ina prayojanoM kI pUrti ke liye hiMsA karatA hai, karavAtA hai aura karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| kisI bhI prANI ko mAranA, gulAma banAnA, usa para zAsana karanA, pIr3A denA, dveSa rakhanA Adi sabhI kriyAeM hiMsAtmaka haiN| kriyA ko vyApaka artha meM dekhe to jIva aura pudgala ke sahayoga se jIva jitane prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai, utane hI prakAra kI kriyAeM hotI haiN| jIva kI kriyA mAtra cAhe vaha puNya rUpa ho yA pAparUpa se karma - baMdhana avazya hotA hai| 9 sakaSAya avasthA meM hone vAlA baMdha sAmparAyika aura niSkaSAya avasthA meM hone vAlA baMdha IryApathika hai| baMdhana kA yaha vibhAjana bhI viziSTa haiN| do prakAra ke badhana kI bhUta kriyAeM bhI do prakAra kI hai - sAMparAyikI aura iiryaapthikii| sAMparAyikI aura ryApathikI kriyAeM paraspara virodhI haiN| donoM kriyAeM eka sAtha eka jIva meM nahIM hotii| upasaMhAra 401

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paccIsa kriyAoM meM caubIsa kA sambandha sAmparAyika baMdha se hai| eka (IryApathika) kA saMbaMdha IryApathika se hai| isake alAvA guNasthAna, cAritra, gati, lezyA, sakaSAyI, akaSAyI Adi meM kisa jIva ke kitanI kriyAeM hotI hai isakA prajJApanA pada 22 meM vistRta vivecana milatA hai| baMdhaka karmoM ko karma aura abaMdhaka karma ko akarma kahA hai| pramAda karma hai, apramAda akarma hai| akarma kA artha niSkriyatA nahIM, satata jAgRti hai| Atma jAgRti adhyAtma kA mUla lakSya hai| adhyAtma kA praveza dvAra apramattatA hai| apramatta avasthA meM kriyAzIlatA bhI akarma hai| Atma-vismRti meM niSkriyatA bhI baMdhana bana jAtI hai| vastutaH kisI bhI kriyA kA baMdhana mAtra usa kriyA para nirbhara nahIM apitu usake pIche rahe hue rAga-dveSa evaM kASAyika vRtti para nirbhara karatA hai| saMkSepa meM ve samasta kriyAeM, jo Azrava aura baMdha kI kAraNa hai, karma hai aura saMvara- nirjarA rUpa kriyAeM akarma haiN| sUtrakRtAMga kI vRtti meM do prakAra kI kriyAoM kA ullekha hai 1. anupayoga pUrvikA kriyA 2. upayoga pUrvikA kriyA / jisa kriyA meM upayoga nahIM, tanmayatA nahIM, vaha anupayoga pUrvikA kriyA hai| jaise- hRdaya kI dhar3akana, pAcana-kriyA, AMkha kA jhapakanA Adi / ina para cetanA kA niyaMtraNa nahIM hai| svataH saMcAlita hai| jisa para cetanA kA niyaMtraNa hai jo kriyA prANI apanI icchA se karate hai, vaha upayoga pUrvikA kriyA hai| AgamoM meM inako vaisrasikI evaM prAyogikI kriyA bhI kahA hai| manovijJAna meM isa saMdarbha meM pAMca prakAra kI kriyAoM kA nirdeza hai| 1. svata: saMcAlita kriyAeM rakta parisaMcaraNa, hRdaya kI dhar3akana Adi / 2. prativarta kriyAeM - chIMkanA, palaka jhapakanA aadi| 3. aniyamita kriyAeM - bacce kA hAtha-paira mAranA aadi| 4. mUla pravRtti janya kriyAeM - manozArIrika pravRtti / 5. vicAra prerita kriyAeM jo vicAra se prerita hokara bhI vicAra dvArA niyaMtrita nhiiN| - manuSya dvArA jahAM zArIrika evaM vyavahArika kriyAeM, pratikriyAeM hotI haiM, vahAM mana aura mastiSka meM bhI kriyAoM, pratikriyAoM kA sAtatya rahatA hai| manuSya bAhya aura Antarika abhiyojanAoM se uttejita hokara kaI taraha kI mAnasika pratikriyAeM karatA hai| pratyakSIkaraNa aura anubhUti ke daurAna jJAnAtmaka evaM saMvedanAtmaka donoM ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 402

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prakAra kI pratikriyAeM bhI calatI haiN| jJAnAtmaka anubhUti vastutaH vastu kI cetanA hai saMvega yA saMvedanAtmaka kriyA hamArI caMcala aura gatyAtmaka prakRti hai| isakA saMbaMdha bhAva jagat se hai| bhAvoM kA kAraNa manovijJAna meM, acetana mana hai| phrAyaDa ke zabdoM meM acetana mana saMskAroM kA akSaya koSa hai| damita icchAoM, vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM kA kendra hai| jainadarzana ne bhAvajagat kA kAraNa karmajagat mAnA hai, jo acetana hai| zarIra meM snAyavika evaM kriyAtmaka avayavoM ke mukhya tIna tattva haiM - grAhakavarga, snAyumaMDala evaM prbhaavkvrg| grAhaka varga ke dvArA vyakti meM uttejanA kI kriyA hotI hai| snAyumaMDala dvArA vyakti kA vyavahAra saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita hotA hai| prabhAvaka varga pratikriyA kA jimmedAra hai| grAhaka avayavoM kA mukhya kArya saMvedanAoM ko grahaNa karanA hai| yadyapi snAyumaMDala kA kendrIya vidyuta gRha mastiSka meM hai, kintu inakA jAla saMpUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai| prabhAvaka varga jisake dvArA pratikriyA hotI haiN| pratikriyA anubhUti aura vyavahAra rUpa meM hotI hai| inheM hama mAnasika aura zArIrika kriyA ke rUpa meM pahacAnate haiN| kucha Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne manovijJAna kI paribhASA meM anubhava aura vyavahAra kA prayoga na kara usakI jagaha kriyA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| tAtparya eka hI hai| spaSTIkaraNa ke liye nimna vibhAjana paryApta hogaa| kriyA mAnasika kriyA (anubhava) zArIrika kriyA (vyavahAra) cetana avacetana acetana Antarika bAhya manovijJAna kI pahuMca acetana mana taka hI hai, kintu jaina darzana karma-zAstrIya mImAMsA meM isase Age sUkSma zarIra kI carcA milatI hai| sthUla zarIra sUkSma zarIra kA saMvAdI hai| bhItarI kSamatAoM kI abhivyakti ke liye sthUla zarIra mAdhyama banatA hai| sUkSma zarIra saMskAroM kA saMvAhaka hai| vyakti ke cAritra, jJAna, vyavahAra, vyaktitva, kartRtva ina sabake bIja karma zarIra meM nihita haiN| manovijJAna meM vaMzAnukrama aura paryAvaraNa ko caritra-nirmANa meM mukhya hetu mAnA hai| isake atirikta kucha saMvega yA mUla pravRttiyAM bhI jimmedAra mAnI gaI haiN| upasaMhAra 403

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AnuvaMzikatA, paristhiti, paryAvaraNa tathA manovijJAnika kAraNoM ke sAtha manuSya ke svabhAva aura vyavahAra ko asaMtulita banAne kA eka kAraNa jInsa meM nihita hai| jIna ke sAtha rAsAyanika parivartana bhI vyakti kI badalatI manodazAoM kA kAraNa banatA hai| jaina dRSTi meM vyaktitva kA rUpAntaraNa, vRttiyoM kA zodhana, vyavahAra pariSkAra sUkSma zarIra se saMcAlita hai| karma jaise sUkSma zarIra kI vyAkhyA ko Aja kI bhASAmeM gahana manovijJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| antima adhyAya vizeSataH kriyA ke mAnasika stara kA samajhane meM sahAyatA karatA hai| hamArI pravRtti ke mUlata: tIna AdhAra hai - mana, vacana aura shriir| zarIra aura vANI kI carcA pUrva ke adhyAyoM meM hI kI jA cukI hai| prastuta adhyAya meM mana ke vyApAra ke saMdarbha meM samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| manovijJAna meM bImArI kA kAraNa haiM -mAnasika vikRtiyaaN| pratyeka ghaTanA ke sAtha mana saMpRkta hai| mana saMpRkta na ho to rAga-dveSa, sukhaduHkha, Ananda-pIr3A kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, saMvedana nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana meM bhI bImArI kA mUla kAraNa kASAyika vRttiyoM kI prabalatA ko mAnA gayA hai| mohanIya karma kI hI vividha dizAeM hai| manovijJAna meM vRti niyantraNa ke lie damana, vilayana, mArgAntIkaraNa Adi kA nirdeza hai| usI prakAra jainadarzana meM mohakarma ke upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama kI prakriyA kA nirdeza milatA hai| ina sabhI prakriyAoM se gujarane para vyaktitva bhI bhinna prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| manovaijJAnikoM ko bhI mana kI gaharAI meM jAne ke lie karmazAstra kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai| anyathA mana ke aneka pahalu ajJAta raha jAte haiN| isa prakAra AcaraNoM kI kArya-kAraNAtmaka mImAMsA kA nAma hai krm-shaastr| prAcIna zarIra-vizeSajJoM ne hRdaya, snAyu, saMsthAna, gurdA Adi zarIra ke mukhya avayavoM ko zarIra kA saMcAlaka mAnA hai| vartamAna kI khojoM ne pramANita kara diyA ki mUla kAraNa ye nhiiN| antaHsrAvI graMthiyoM ke srAva zArIrika aura mAnasika kriyAkalApoM ke niyAmaka hai| anta:srAvI graMthiyoM ke srAvoM kA prabhAva saMpUrNa zarIra meM hotA hai| AtmA bhI zarIra vyApI hai| zarIra ke kisI bhAga se karma kA prakaTIkaraNa ho sakatA hai| graMthiyoM ke prabhAva sthala ko karma kA prabhAva sthala bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| AvegoM ke zodhana, parivartana Adi para manovijJAna meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina karma-zAstra meM bhI Avega parizodhana kI tIna paddhatiyAM varNita haiN| 1. upazama, 2. kSayopazama evaM 3. kssyiikrnn| 404 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA

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1. upazama ke patha se calane vAlA sAdhaka punaH nIce A jAtA hai| 2. kSayopazama udAttIkaraNa kI paddhati hai| 3. kSayIkaraNa meM AvegoM kA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai| karma bAMdhane meM jaise kriyA vIrya kI apekSA rahatI hai, karma kATane meM bhI kriyA vIrya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| nirvANa ke samaya kevalI ke mana, vacana aura zarIrajanita yogoM kA saMpUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai| saMpUrNa kriyA kA avarodha hI akarma kI avasthA athavA mokSa hai| isa prakAra prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM kriyA-sambaMdhI prAcIna avadhAraNAoM ko navIna saMdoM meM dekhane ke sAtha prayatna kiyA gayA zarIra-vijJAna aura manovijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI punazciMtana aura anusaMdhAna kI nUtana saMbhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra 405

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406 saMdarbha graMtha saMskaraNa krama graMtha kA nAma 1. aMgasuttANi-1 prakAzaka jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 1974 mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka vA.pra.AcArya tulasI saM.AcArya mahAprajJa vahI saMpA.muni jambU vijaya 1978 bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 2. aMgasuttANi - // 3. AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMgaMca AcArAMga niyukti, zIlAMkavRti 4. AcArAMgabhASyam 5. AyAro 6. AyAra culA (aMga-suttANi-1) 7. Avazyaka sUtra 8. Avazyaka niyukti vahI motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolojikala TrasTa, dillI 1994 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM vi.saM.2031 dekheM,aMga suttANi 1 dekheM,aMga suttANi bhAga 1 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara vi.saM.2038 zrI bhairUlAla kanhailAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa bambaI- 400006 saM.DaoN.suprabhA sAdhvI zrImad haribhadra sUri viracita TIkAlaMkRtA

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graMthAnukramaNikA graMtha kA nAma 9. upaniSad aMka, kalyANa- 1 varSa - - 23 upaniSad (jJAnakhaNDa) 10. uttarajjhayaNANi |- || krama 11. uttarAdhyayana: eka samIkSAtmaka 12. RSi bhASita (isi bhAsiyAiM ) 13. karmagraMtha 1 se 4 14. karmagraMtha 15. kriyA - koza 16. caraNAnuyoga mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka saM. hanumAna prasAda, poddAra sampA. paM zrI rAma zarmA AcArya tulasI saM. vi. AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa saM. muni manohara devendrasUri munizrI mizrImalajI mahArAja mohanalAla bAMThiyA, zrIcandra corar3iyA muni kanhaiyAlAlajI, kamala saskaraNa fa.#.2055 caturtha 1982 1992, dvitIya 1968 1963 1939 1974 1969 1990 prakAzaka kalyANa kAryAlaya, gItA presa, gorakhapura DaoN. gautama saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI jaina vizva bhAratI, saMsthAna, lADanU~ (rAja.) jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA kalakattA sudharmA jJAna maMdira, bambaI zrI AtmAnanda jaina pustaka, vive. paM sukhalAla saMghavI, AgarA marUdhara kesara sAhitya prakAzana samiti jaina darzana samiti, kalakattA Agama anuyoga TrasTa, ahamadAbAda

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8 krama graMtha kA nAma saMskaraNa / prakAzaka 17. gaNadharavAda 1982 mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa gujadalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI 1986 18. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa jIvakANDa) 19. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA 20. ThANaM AcArya tulasI vA.prA.AcArya tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa umAsvAti akalaMka saM.paM.mahendra jaina rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala 1984 zrI rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 1996, caturtha jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 2033 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (1976) 1989 sammati jJAna pITha, AgarA 2009, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI 1956 dillI bhAratIya jJAna pITha, banArasa 1964 kalyANa pAvana priMTIga presa, solApura zrIRSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma 21. tattvArtha sUtra 22. tattvArtha rAjavArtika TIkA 1955 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 23. tattvArtha sUtra, sarvArtha siddhi 24. tattvArtha zlokavArtika 25. dasavaikAlika cUrNi pUjyapAda saM.vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI jinadAsa mahattara 1933

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saMskaraNa graMthAnukramaNikA mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka vA.pra.AcArya tulasI prakAzaka jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, rAjasthAna 1974 krama graMtha kA nAma 26. dasaveAliyaM mUlapATha, saMskRta chAyA hindI anuvAda tathA TippaNa 27. dasAo (navasuttANi bhA-5) 28. dIgha nikAya 29. dhavalA 30. dhammapada ___ AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya tulasI, AcArya mahAprajJa 1987 saM.bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa 1956 zrI virasena 1955 saM.dharmAnanda kausambI 1924 saM.rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka vA.pra.AcArya mahAprajJa vA.pra. AcArya tulasI 1989 maharSi paMtajali, 1956, TIkAkAra-harikRSNa goyaMkA tRtIya yuvAcArya zrI madhukara __1993 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, rAjasthAna navanAlAM mahAvihAra, (nAlaMdA) sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, bhelasA gujarAta purAtattva maMdira, ahamadAbAda jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ (rAjasthAna) gItA presa, gorakhapura 31. nandI 32. paNNavaNA, uvAMga-suttANi-4 33. pAtaJjala yoga darzana zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 34. prajJApanA sUtra, prathama khaNDa dvitIya khaNDa 409

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410 saMskaraNa 1983 krama graMtha kA nAma 35. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtram 36. prajJApanA vRtti 37. pramANa mImAMsA 38. vRhad dravya saMgraha mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka pra.sa.yuvAcArya madhukara malayagiri saM.pa.sukhalAla nemicandrAcArya 1918 1939 1988 prakAzaka dekheM prajJApanA sUtra Agamodaya samiti mahesANA, gujarAta sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra, ahamadAbAda zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa sakhArAma nemicandra, digambara jaina graMthamAlA solApura jaina vizva bhAratI, saMsthAna lADanUM dekheM bhagavatI bhASya khaNDa 39. bhagavatI ArAdhanA AcArya zrI zivArya 1935 40. bhagavaI bhASya, khaNDa-prathama 1994 AcArya tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa 2000 41. bhagavaI bhASya, khaNDa-dvitIya 42. bhagavatI jor3a ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 1981 43. bhagavatI vRtti jayAcArya, saMpAdikA / sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA abhayadeva sUri saM.sumerucandra divAkara zAstrI nyAyatIrtha, solApura jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM dekheM bhagavaI bhASya bhAratIya jJAna pITha, vArANasI mahAbaMdha 1966,

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graMthAnukramaNikA prakAzaka solApura -mahArASTra bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU jaina darzana samiti kalakattA krama graMtha kA nAma mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka saMskaraNa 45. mUlArAdhanA vijayodayAvRtti vRttikAra - aparAjita sUri 1935 46. mahApurANa (Adi-purANa) jinasenAcArya 1988 47. manonuzAsanam AcArya tulasI 1976 48. yoga-koza 1,2 mohanalAla bAMThiyA - 1996 zrI candra coraDiyA 49. vipAka sUtra yuvAcArya madhukara 50. vivAga suyaM (aMga suttANi bhAga-3) AcArya tulasI, AcArya mahAprajJa 51. samavAo (mUlapATha AcArya tulasI 1984 saMskRta chAyA, hindI AcArya mahAprajJa anuvAda, TippaNa Adi 52. sarvArtha siddhi AcArya pUjyapAda 1971 saM.phUlacandra, siddhAMta zAstrI 53. samayasAra kunda kundAcArya dekheM - prajJApanA sUtra dekheM, aMga suttANi jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI 1984 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 411

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412 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA: kriyA krama graMtha kA nAma 54. suttanipAta 55. sAMkhyakArikA 56. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti 57. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti 58. sUyagaDo - 1 ( mUlapATha, saMskRta chAyA hindI anuvAda, TippaNa tathA pariziSTa sUyagaDo, bhAga 59. 60. sthAnAMga vRtti 61. syAdvAda maMjarI 62. SaDdarzana samuccaya mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka bhikSu dharmaratna Izvara kRSNa bhadrabAhu zrI zIlAMkAcArya AcArya tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa abhaya devasUra malliSeNa anu. saM. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina haribhadrasUri viracita saM. mahendrakumAra jaina saskaraNa 1957 1940 1953 1984 1986 1937 1992 1981 prakAzaka mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI dekheM sUtrakRtAMga vRtti zrI goDI jI pArzvanAtha, jaina sAsara per3hI bambaI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ dekheM, sUyagaDo bhAga-prathama seTha. mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa gujarAtI bhAratIya jJAna pITha, naI dillI

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graMthAnukramaNikA krama graMtha kA nAma 1. cintana kI manobhUmi 2. jaina tattva vidyA mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka amara muni,upAdhyAya AcArya tulasI 1970 3. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA 4. jaina darzana:manana aura mImAMsA 5. apanA darpaNa: apanA bimba 6. citta aura mana 7. karmavAda 8. prekSAdhyAna - zarIra vijJAna AcArya tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa saMskaraNa prakAzaka sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA 2001 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM. caturtha Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU 1982, tRtIya 1995, caturtha Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu 1991 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1992 dekheM karmavAda 2000, caturtha Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAjasthAna) 2000 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna) 1982, dvitIya guja.Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru anekAnta bhAratI prakAzana,1982 1988 tRtIya dekheM karmavAda 1983 dvitIya dekheM karmavAda 9. AbhAmaNDala 10. ahiMsA tattva darzana 11. jaina darzana meM AcAra mImAMsA AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa 413

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414 ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA krama graMtha kA nAma 12. jaina darzana ke mUla sUtra 13. jaina darzana aura anekAMta 14. nayA mAnava- nayA vizva 15. jaina yoga 16. jIva- ajIva 17. karma vijJAna ( prathama ) 18. jaina AcAra - siddhAMta aura svarUpa 19. dharma darzanaH manana aura mUlyAkaMna 20. ciMtana ke vividha AyAma 21. nava- padArtha 22. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa 23. jaina bhAratI mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya mahAprajJa AcArya devendra muni zAstrI AcArya devendra muni zAstrI AcArya devendra muni zAstrI AcArya devendra muni zAstrI AcArya bhikSu, zrI canda rAmapuriyA AcArya hastI AryikA jJAnamati mAtAjI saMskaraNa 2000 1999 1996 tRtIya dekheM, karmavAda 1980 dekheM, karmavAda 1992 dasavAM jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ 1990 zrI tArakagurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura 1996, dvitIya zrI tArakagurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura tArakagurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura 1985 zrI 1982 dekheM karma vijJAna 1961 2000 paMcama vi.saM 2507 prakAzaka dekheM karmavAda Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA jaina itihAsa samiti, lAla bhavana, jayapura digambara jaina, triloka zodha saMsthAna hastinApura (meraTha)

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graMthAnukramaNikA 415 krama graMtha kA nAma 24. mAnava vyavahAra kA manovijJAna 25. vijJAna ke aloka meM jIva ajIva tattva 26. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa 27. kozikA vijJAna sUkSma jaivikI evaM jaiva takanIkI 28. jaina AgamoM kA dArzanika evaM sAMskRtika vivecana ( sthAnAMga sUtra ke pariprekSya meM) 29. zrI bhavaMralAla nAhaTA abhinandana graMtha 30. gItA rahasya mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka ojhA Ara. ke kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kailAza candra zAstrI pI.ela. pArikha e.ke. bhaTanAgara, sudhIra bhArgava khIMcA DaoN. pArasamaNi gaNeza lalavAnI gaMgAdhara tilaka saMskaraNa 1994-95 1994 1963 1996 1999 1928 prakAzaka vinoda pustaka maMdira, AgarA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura zrI jaina zikSA saMsthA, kaTanI pUrva pIThikA jabalapura alkA pablikezana, purAnI maMDI, ajamera jana maMgala saMsthAna, udayapura abhinandana samAroha samiti, kalakattA rAmacandra balavaMta tilaka, nArAyaNa peTha, puNe

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krama graMtha kA nAma 31. Adhunika vijJAna aura ahiMsA 32. saMbhavAmi kSaNe kSaNe mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka gaNezamuni zAstrI guNavaMta zAha 1962 saMskaraNa prakAzaka AtmArAma eNDa sansa 2001 cauthA bhagatabhAI bhurAlAla zeTha Ara.Ara.zeThanI kaMpanI, ahamadAbAda 1981, tRtIya kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda 1982 rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna,jayapura jagadIza sahAya zrI vAstava DaoN.sAgaramala jaina 33. grIka darzana kA vaijJAnika itihAsa 34. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga 1 - 2 35. AcArAMga - cayanikA 36. ArhatI dRSTi 36. vrAtya darzana 37. mAnava zarIra kriyA - vijJAna DaoN.kamalacanda saugANI DaoN.samaNI maMgalaprajJA DaoN.samaNI maMgalaprajJA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 1998 caturtha prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 1998 Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU 2000 dekhe, ArhatI dRSTi 1998 nAkoDA pabliziMga hAUsa bI.132 janatA kaoNlonI, jayapura 1990 kAzI hindU vizva vidyAlaya, vArANasI 1994 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 38. pAzcAtya darzana 39. dravya vijJAna DaoN.badrInAtha siMha DaoN.sAdhvI vidyutaprabhA

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graMthAnukramaNikA 417 krama graMtha kA nAma 40. jaina karma siddhAMta kA udbhava evaM vijJAna 41. sAmAnya manovijJAna 42. zarIra kriyA - vijJAna - 43. jaina darzana meM Atma- vicAra 44. jaina darzanaH cintana anucintana 45. jaina - AcAra 46. jaina darzana - 47. zArIrika manovijJAna mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra DaoN. esa.esa mAthura DaoN. pramilA varmA DaoN. kAnti pANDeya DaoN. lAlacanda jaina DaoN. rAmajI siMha DaoN. mohanalAla mahetA DaoN. mahendra nyAyAcArya DaoN. rAjakumAra ojhA DaoN. maheza bhArgava saskaraNa 1993 1980 1985 1984 1993 1966 1955 1992 prakAzaka pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI vinoda pustaka maMdi hindI mAdhyama kAryAnvaya nidezAlaya, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM pArzva vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA kAzI haraprasAda bhArgava, AgarA

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se krama graMtha kA nAma mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka DaoN.rAmanAtha zarmA 48. pAzcAtya darzana kA aitihAsika vivecana 49. bhAratIya darzana DaoN.umeza mizra saMskaraNa . prakAzaka 1985 kedAranAtha rAmanAtha kaoNleja paMcama roDa, meraTha 1957 sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza sarakAra lakhanaU 1965 rAjyapAla eNDa sansa, dillI-6 1996 ___ bI.jaina pablizarsa prA.li. naI, dillI 1996 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1999 21vAM bhAratIbhavana, ThAkurabAr3IroDa, paTanA 1985 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 50. bhAratIya darzana -1 DaoN.rAdhAkRSNana 51. jaina karma - siddhAMta aura manovijJAna DaoN.ratnalAla jaina 52. lezyA aura manovijJAna DaoN.mumukSu zAntA jaina 53. prArambhika manovijJAna DaoN.indu bhUSaNa 54. jhINI carcA jayAcArya pra.AcArya tulasI saM.AcArya mahAprajJa 55. bhramavidhvaMsanam jayAcArya . 56. AtmamImAMsA dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 57. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA 1980 dvitIya bhairudAna Isaracanda caupar3A, kalakattA 1953 jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa 1966 sammati jJAnapITha, AgarA

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graMthAnukramaNikA 419 krama graMtha kA nAma 58. Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana 59. zarIra aura zarIra kriyA vijJAna 60. mokSa prakAza 61. vizva prahelikA 62. jaina darzana aura vijJAna 63. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana 64. jaina dharma jIvana aura jagat 65. darzana aura cintana 66. jaina dharma aura manovijJAna mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka muni nagarAja DI. liTa maMju tathA mahezacandra guptA muni dhanarAja muni mahendra saM. muni mahendra jeThAlAla esa. jhaverI sAdhvI nagInA sAdhvI kanaka zrI sukhalAla saMghavI sukhalAla muni saMskaraNa 1969 1980 1971 1969 1992 2002 prakAzaka zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA kalakattA bambaI, kalakattA, madrAsa, oNksapharDa yUnivarsiTI presa Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAjasthAna ) javerI prakAzana mAMTuMgA, bambaI jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU~ 1999, tRtIya . jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1957 1997 gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda akhila bhAratIya terApaMtha yuvaka pariSada, yuvAloka, lADanUM

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krama graMtha kA nAma 67. AsthA aura anveSaNa 68. jIva vijJAna 11 dhoraNa mUla graMtha/lekhaka/saMpAdaka sureza jaina,Ai.e.esa DaoN.ema.eca.parabiyA DaoN.ema.AI.paTela devendra vorA 69. taMdurastI tamArA hAthamAM 70. pragata sAmAnya manovijJAna 71. manovijJAna ane asarakAraka vartana 72. vyaktitva ane vyaktitva mApana 73. zarIra lakSI manovijJAna 74. sAmAnya - manovijJAna 75. vijJAna dhoraNa - 10 ahiMsA kI sakSma vyAkhyAH kiyA saMskaraNa prakAzaka 1999 jJAnodaya vidyApITha,bhopAla(ma.pra) 2001 gujarAta rAjyazAlA pAThya pustakamaMDala, gAMdhInagara 1997 navanIta pablikezansa (I) 20vAM li.ahamadAbAda 1998, tRtIya mayUra prakAzana, ahamadAbAda 2001, saptama mayUra prakAzana, ahamadAbAda 1981 yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa, ahamadAbAda 1991-92 yunivarsiTI tathA uttara guja.yu. ahamadAbAda 1998-15vAM gujarAta yunivarsiTI, saurASTra vizvavidyAlaya 2000, 8 vAM gujarAta yunivarsiTI, saurASTra yunivarsiTI zrI mayUra zrI mayUra DaoN.sI.ke.zAha zrI mayUra parIkha jhAlA DaoN.AI.jI.vaMzI, DaoN.bI.Ara.paMDita DaoN.ema.AI.paTela

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graMthAnukramaNikA 421 krama graMtha kA nAma 76. jina darzana ane manaudaihika rogo 77. Aveza ane lAgaNI 1. amara koza 2. abhidhAna cintAmaNi 3. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza Agama zabda koza 5. ApTe saMskRta hindI koza 4. 6. kundakunda zabda koza 7. jainAgama zabda saMgraha mUla graMtha / lekhaka / saMpAdaka nemacandra ema gAlA bhAlacandra eca jozI amarasiMha AcArya hemacandra zrI vijayarAjendrasUri vA. pra. AcArya tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa vAmana zivarAma ApTe saM. DaoN. udayacanda jaina paM. muni zrI ratnacandajI saMskaraNa 1992 1990 1991 2020 1914 2037 1987 sAtavAM vi.ni. 2517 1983 prakAzaka zrImati jayazrI kAntilAla zAha sAta rAstA, mumbaI manovijJAna vibhAga yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya ahamadAbAda motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI zrI jaina prabhAkara maMtrAlaya, ratalAma jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM motIlAla banArasIdAsa, koza dillI - 7 zrI digambara jaina sAhitya saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMghavI gulAbacandra jasarAja

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sAdhvI gaveSaNA ne isa apanI zodha kA viSaya cunakara jJAna kA nayA dvAra kholA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM " Agama - sAhitya" meM pratipAdita kriyAoM kA samIcIna vizleSaNa ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai| isa gaMbhIra viSaya para likhanA Ter3hI khIra thii| pUjyavaroM kA AzIrvAda hI inakI viSaya yAtrA ko gati de sakA hai tathA lakSya kI pUrNatA taka pahuMca sakI hai| dArzanika cintana, adhyayana kSamatA evaM pratibhA kA mUlyAMkana to vijJa loga kreNge| itanA avazya hai ki Agamaadhyayana karane kA rAstA inake lie prazasta huA hai| " zodha-prabaMdha" kisI ke liye preraNA - pAtheya bana sakA to lekhikA ko Atma-toSa kI anubhUti hogI / paccIsa varSa se mere sAtha rahane vAlI sahavartinI sAdhvI gaveSaNA ke prati harSAtireka ke sAtha maMgala kAmanA hai ki lekhana kArya meM inakI gati - pragati hotI rhe| inakA utsAha, Atma-vizvAsa aura bhItara kI jijJAsA, saphalatA kI UMcAiyAM detA rahe / sAdhvI nagInA

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sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI ne 'ahiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyAH kriyA', AtmA kI AMtarika cetanA meM rahe hue parispaMda ke siddhAnta para adhyayana kiyA hai| usameM adhyayana kI gaMbhIratA jhalaka rahI hai| yaha adhyayana kevala jaina darzana aura sAhitya taka sImita nahIM hai| zarIra vijJAna, manovijJAna Adi Adhunika cintana dhArAoM ke saMdarbha meM bhI kriyA ko yahAM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAdhvI gaveSaNAzrI ne isa kArya meM taTasthatA pUrvaka zrama aura zakti kA niyojana kiyA hai| sudhI pAThaka ko isase kriyA, karma, baMdha aura mukti Adi ko jAnane kA avasara milegaa| AcArya mahAprajJa vara vijjA pakkhio jaina vizva garatIkSA jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja0)